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LIBRARY 


MASSACHUSETTS 

AGRICULTURAL 

COLLEGE 

No._  .ri  L*ii — DATE_b'-T_Lasa. 

3  I  -Dec. 


December  25,  1886. 


THE 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 


^    OTeeklg    Criustratetr    journal 


Horticulture  and  Allied  Subjects. 


(ESTABLISHED      IN      1841.) 


VOL.    XXVI.-NEW    SERIES. 


JULY    TO    DECEMBER,    1886. 


LONDON: 

41,    WELLINGTON    STEBET,    COVENT    GAEDBN,    W.C. 

1886. 


188(3 


LONDON  : 
BRADBURY,   AGNEW,    &   CO.,    PRINTERS,    WHITEKRIARS. 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle,] 


[D&ctmber25,  i836 


JULY    TO    DECEMBER,    1886. 


Abelia  trifljra,  82 

Abies  and  Picea,  the  names,  682.  638  ;  A. 

concolor,    791  ;   A.     Douglasii    glauca, 

106  ;  A.    Lowiana,  307.   757  ;  A,  Pin- 

drow,  52  ;  A.  Piiisapo,  8 
Abroma  augu=;ta,  370 
Abutilons  as  climbers,  627 
Acacia  fistula,  722 
Ac32na  argentea,  82 
Achillea  Millefolium,  rose  v^t.,   82  ;    A. 

rupestris,  625 
Acorn  galls,  104,  168 
Adelaide,  301 
Adiantum  Capillus-veneris,  27  ;  A.  cune- 

atum  elegans,  43;  ;  A.  Farleyense,  692, 

754'  756.   790-  8^^  >  '*  spore  bearing, 

726;  A.  gracillimum,  19;  A.  peHucidum, 

19  ;  seedling  E.  H.  Walion,  627 
Adonis  pyrenaica,  i8r 
Aerides  Rohaniana,  393 
African  opium  in  China,  338 
Aganisia  tricolor,  75 
Agaricus  campestris,  492  ;  A.  personalus, 

dangerous,  307,  371 
Agave    americana,    flowering,     243  ;   A. 

fiiifera  at  Edinburgh,    300  ;  flowering 

of,  80 
Agricultural    education,    466  ;     lectures, 

403  ;  returns  of  Great  Britain  for  1886, 

238  :  returns,  the,  for  r886,  683 
Agri-Horticultural     Society      of     India, 

{grafting  Mangos),    114  ;    of  Madras, 

301 
Aji-Aji,   the  Pepper  of  Peppers   (Capsi- 
cum), 532 
Alcohol  from  the  Prickly  Pear,  594,  784 
Aldershot,  Royal  visit  to,  51 
Algerian  plants,  book  on.  474 
Algiers,  Phylloxera  in,  112 
Allotment  land,  404 
Allotments,    number  and  area  in  Great 

Britain,  722 
Alluvial  Manure  Co.,  622 
Almanac,  the,  812 
Alocasia  Lindeni,  242 
Aloes  754 
Alpine  garden,  the,  299,  438,   520,  589, 

748 
Alpine  plants,  in  season,  210  ;  how  to  sow 

seeds  o(,  748  ;  soil  for,  520  ;  where  to 

find,  135  ;  burnt  earth  for,  500 
Alps,  Ferns  of  the,  435 
Amaryllis,  the,  202,  755  ;  autumn  flower- 
ing. 471 
Amasonia  punicea,  502 
Amateur  bulb  dealers,  279,  359 
American  Apples,  791 
American  Apple  crop,  the,  366 
American  Exhibition,  the,  721 
American  Peaches,  271,  363 
Amiltas,  the  (Cassia  Fistula).  147 
Amorphophallus  titanum,  432 
Ampelopsis.  cuttings  of,  270 
Andromeda  cassinifolia,  io5 
Anemone  fulgens,  what  cultivation  does, 

275 
Anemones,  121  ;  from  seed,  564  ;  in  July, 

82 
Angrtecum  caudatum.   558  ;  A.  Scoltia- 

num.  331  ;  A.  sesquipedale,  75 
Annuals,  215  ;  as  decorative  flowers,  183  ; 

beautiful,  534 
Ansellia  congoensis,  779 
Anthurium   album    maximum    flavescens 

a/ias  A.  Scherzerianum,  var.  lacteum, 

338  :  A.  Mooreanum,  497 
Antiquities,       protective      resemblances 

amongst,  307 
Apiary,  the,  42.   117,    180,  238,  268,  302, 

404,  491,  531.  595.  659,  718,  778 
Apocynum  androssemifolium,  153 
Apple,  a  large  Emperor  Alexander.  440 ; 

Beauty  of  Eatli,  326  ;    Bismarck,  434  ; 

crop,    the     American,     366  ;     Leyden 

Pippin,    232  ;     Nancy  Jackson,    533  ; 

Rambour   Mortier,    119;   heavy,   534  ; 

Nova  Scotian,  395,  818  ;  stocks  for~62S 
Apples  and    Pears,    diseases  o).    in   the 

North,   536  ;    English  and  American, 

79 1 
Apricot  Kaisha,  759 
Aquilegia  Skinneri,  146 
Aralia    Chabrieri  =  Elseodendron,    690  ; 

A.  Maxjmowiczii,  339 
Araucaria  imbricata,  post-mortem  on  an. 

620 
Araucarias  at  the  Cape,  i86  ;  coning,  52 


Aiboretum,  the  Arnold,  204 

Arddarroch.  615 

Ardisia,   an   extraordinary,  626 ;   A.   ja- 

ponica,  232,  278 
Arenaria  norvegica  in  Scotland.  53G 
Ari>a2ma  laminatum,  178 
Aristolochia  trilobata.  146 
Arnold  Arboretum,  the,  204 
Arracacca,  50 
Arran,  Australian  and  New  Zealand  trees 

in.  679  712  ;  miscellaneous  plants  that 

have  bloomed  in.  714 
Arrangements  at  flower  shows,  403 
Artichokes,  Jerusalem.  584 
Arundinaria,  flowtringot,  150  ;  A.  Khasi- 

ana.  308 
Aster  and  Stock  seed  saving  at  Forest 

Hill,  438  ;  seed  growing  at  Forest  Hill, 

470 
Aster  cabulicus.  82  ;   A.  Comet,  809  ;  A 

gymnocephalus,  270  ;  A.  ptarmicoides, 

Asters,   supplementary  list  of  perennial, 

659 
Ashes,  hybrid.  370 
Ashton  Court,  notes  from,  494 
Asplenium  germanicum.  470 
Astrantia    carniolica,    82  ;    A.     maxima, 

52 
Auricula  show  for  the  North,  790 
Auriculas,  120 
Australia.  Eucalypti  of,  212  ;  indigenous 

vegetation  of,  212 
Australian    and    New   Zealand   trees   in 

Arran.  679,  712.  714 
Australian  beauty  spot,  an,  362 
Australian  seeds,  botanical  names  of  some, 

251 
Austrian  school  of  horticulture.  624 
Austro- Hungary,  vegetable  products  of, 

146 
Autumn-flowering  Amaryllis,  471 
Autumn  leaves  for  bouquets,  562  ;  lints, 

493 
Awards  made  at  the  Liverpool  Show,   50 
Ayrton.  the  late  Mr.,  722 
Azalea.    Deutsche   Perle,^  439  ;  A.   occi- 

dentalis,  404 


B 


R-ECKIA  astarteoides,  83 

Baker,  Mr.  E.,  20B 

Balsams  from  Messrs.   Carter  &  Co.,  145 

Banana  culture  in  Costa  Rica,  50 

Bananas,  hardy  in  Surrey,  306  ;  in  Te- 
neriffe,  498 

Randina  Boxwood,  246 

Barbados,  origin  of  name,'i46 

Barkeria  elegans.  361 

Barley  experiments,  498 

Barometer,  English  v.  French,  442 

Baronhill,  237 

Bauhinia  tomentosa  var.  glabra,  814 

Bayfordbury,  Cedars  at,  427,  520.  552 

Beans,  French.  814;  Tonquin,  496 

Beauiy  spot,  an  Australian,  362 

Bedding  stuff,  to  increase  by  cuttings, 
142 

Bedfont,  Feltham,  seed-grounds  at,  264 

Beeches,  single  v.  in  line.  427 

Bee  flowers,  268  ;  plants,  268,  756,  790 

Bees,  214  ;  and  colour,  439,  471,  534, 
597  ;  and  Snapdragon  flowers,  595  ; 
lazy.  238,  2O8  ;  wax.  618 

Begonia,  a  fine,  53  ;  B.  Hoegeana,  209  ; 
B.  lucida  var.  rosea,  370  ;  monstrous,  a, 
178  ;  B.  Princess  Beatrice.  471  ;  B.  so- 
cotrana  flowering  from  the  bulb.  692 

Begonias,  at  Messrs.  Sutton's,  203  ; 
double  tuberous-rooted,  535  ;  tuberous- 
rooted,  296,  307  ;  at  Messrs.  Laing"s, 
Forest  Hill,  535 

Belgian  Horticultural  Societies,  Feder- 
ation of,  242 

Belgian  horticulturists,  excursion  of,  18 

Bellicide,  692 

Berberidopsis  corallina,  8i6 

Berberis  asiatica  as  a  hedge  plant,  304  ; 
Japanese,  306 

Berlin  Gardens,  the.  688 

Berries,  Berberis  aquifolia,  if  poisonous, 
345 

Bigarreau  Cherry  Leon  Quesnel,  326 

Birchfield,  Fallowfield,  44 

Birmingham  Gardeners'  Mutual  Improve- 
ment Society.  49 

Birtwell,  Thomas,  338 


Black  Country  flower  shows,  114 

Black  spot  on  leaves  of  Camellia  and 
Orange.  530 

Black  Walnut,  the.  616 

Bletia  verecunda,  140.  424 

Bog  garden  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Gar- 
den, Edinburgh,  174 

Boiler  contest  at  Liverpool,  the,  18,  48, 
118,  182,  245 

Boiler,  Trenthani  greenhouse,  148 

Boiler,  Weeks'  fireplace,  788 

Boilers,  373 

Books  Noticed  :— 
Advertisers'  A.  B.C..  the,  530 
Algerian  Plants,  see  p.  474 
Church  Decoration,  see  p.  470 
Colour,  see  p.  118, 
Bee  Manual  (Victor  Rendu).  112 
Bees  and  Bee-keeping  (Cheshire),  141. 
British  Orchids  (Webster),  814 
"  Building  News,"  814 
Carnations  and  Picotees,  (E.  S.   Dod- 

well).  46 
Chrysanthemums  and  their  Culture  (E. 

Molyneux),  625 
Colonial  and   Indian   Exhibition.  1886. 

Empire  of   India.   Products  of  (Dr. 

George  Watt).  723 
Compendio      delta      Flora      Italiano 

(GibeUi),  112 
Construction  of    Silos   and   the   Com- 
pression of  Green  Crops  for  Silage 

(  r.  Potter),  532 
Diciionnaire  de  Botanique(BailIon).784 
Farthing  Dinners  (G.  H.  Sargant).  785 
Flora    of    British    India    (Sir    Joseph 

Hooker),  304 
Flora  of  Ceylon  as  affected  by  Climate, 

on  the  (Hy.  Trimen),  499 
Flora  of  Oxfordshire  (Druce).  499 
Fodder  Grass  of  India,  illustrations  of, 

(T.  D.  Bona).  242 
Food  Grains  of  India  (A.   H.  Church, 

M.A),  690 
Future    of   the    Date    Palm  in   India 

(Bonavia),  78a 
Gardens  of  Light  and  Shade.  45 
Golden  Feather  (Baring  Gould).  275 
Handbuch     der     Pflanzenkrankheitcn 

(Dr.  P.  Sorauer).  44 
Histoire  des  Plantes  (Baillon).  242 
How   I    Managed  and    Improved    my 

Estate,  115 
HowtoGrow  Peaches.  Nsclarines.  and 

Pears  on  Open  Walls  (R.  Smith).  338 
Icones  Plantaruin  (Hooker),  752 
Illustrated  Handbook  of  Victoria  (Dow, 

Elliott.  Von  Mueller,    Bosisto.  Guil- 

foyle),  499 
Illustrations  of  the  Flora  of  the  Pacific 

Llands  (M.  E.  Diake  del  Castillo), 

242 
Insurance  Year  Book,  7<;4 
Law   of   Allotments    (T.    Hall    Hall, 

M.A.),  531 
Lectures  on  the  Physiology  of  Plants 

(S.  H.  Vines.  M.A.,  D.Sc,  &c.).  562 
Life  Histories  of  Plants  (Prof.  D.  Mc 

Alpine).  723 
Malesia,  82,  496 
Manual  of  Orchidaceous  Plants  ( Veitch), 

814 
Mary's  Meadow,   and  Letters  from  a 

Little  Garden  (Mrs.  Ewing).  530 
Mushrooms  for  the  Million  ().  Wright), 

365 
Myroporineas.  V.  Mueller  on,  402 
Oceana  (Froude)  242 
Origin  of  Cultivated  Plants  (Alph.  de 

CandoUe),  499 
Practical  Treatise  on  the  Growing  of 

Tobacco  in  Ireland,  242 
Report  of  the  Diseases  of  Apples  and 

Pears  (F.  S.  Crawford),  754 
Rosarian's  Year  Book.  752 
Rus  in  Urbe  (Mrs.  Haweis).  179 
School  of  Forest  Engineers   in   Spain 

(J.  C.  Brown.  LL.D.).  532 
Sub-tropical    Cultivators  and  Climates 

(Haldane),  499 
Tobacco  Cultivation  as  a  Field  Crop 

(J.  Carters  Co.) 

Borneo,  Tobacco  culture  in.  750 
Botanical  Collectors,  370  ;  exchange  club, 

434 
Djl-ittical  Magazine,  us,  242,  337,  496, 

625,  784,  814 


Botanic  Gardens,  Cambridge,  83,   395 

Glasgow,  temperature,  &c.,  214  ;  Seeb- 

pore,  218 
Botanic  Gardens,  722 
Botanical  Rambles  in  South  China,  586, 

618,  650 
Botanical  department,  Jamaica.  752 
Botanists,  honours  to  Californian,  785' 
Botany  and  horticulture  in  India,  147 
Botany,    at    Liverpool     U  niversity,    new 

commercial  class  of,    434  ;  in  Medical 

Education   402  ;  cultural,  361 
Bouquets,  Christmas.  807 
Bouvardia  Humboldti  corymblflora,  501  ; 

planting  out  in  summer.  501 
Bouvardias,  364  ;  turned  out.  598 
Boxwood,  Bandina,  246;  Caucasus,  434 
Bradford    Girdeners'    Mutual    Improve- 
ment Society.  471;  School  of  Science 

and  Art,  562,  66r 
Brassavola  Digbyana,  43 
Brick  Tea,  50 
British  Association.  333 
British  Columbian  trees,  120  ;  fungi,  496  ; 

plants,  white  forms  of,  244  ;  wmes,  562 
Broccoli,  524 
lirodirea  Douglasii.  625 
Broxbourne.  711  ;  rock  plants  at,  234 
Buddleia  curviflora,  179  ;    B.  globosa  ia 

fruit,  306 
Buffalo  berries,  import  of,  114 
Bulb  dealers,  amateur.  279.  330  ;  g.arden, 

the,  303.  495.  563.  744,  810 
Bulbs,  Cape.  601  ;  treatment  of,  90 
Bulbs,  cumulative  beneath  ground.  439  ; 

how  they  descend   into  the  soil,  626  ; 

proliferous  Narcissus.  372  ;  and  tubers 

planting.  495 
Buphane  toxicaria,  47 
Bupleurum  fructicosum,  82 
Burnt  earth  for  alpines,  500 
Butternut,  the,  623,  784,  594 


Cabbage,  a  good.  502 

Cactus  spirit.  594,  784 

Caladmms.  15 

Calandrinia  umbellata,  299,  439 

Calanthe  versicolor,  179 

Calceolaria  Burbidgei,  46^;  C.  Sinclair!, 

f2 

Calceolarias,  203 
Callipsyche  mirabilis,  181 
Calophylla  grandiflora.  427 
Cambridge  Botanic  Gardens,  83.  393 
Camel's.  Father,  plants,  727 
Camellia,  the,  689  ;  C.  sanguinea,  790 
Camellias,  striking  cuttings  of,  123 
Campanula  Allioni,    12  ;  C.    macrostyla, 

239;  C.  persicifolia.  528;  C.  Raineri,  150 
Canadian   fruit  at   Edinburgh,    531  ;    at 

South  Kensington,  530 
Canada,  produce  from,  434 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Chrysanthemums  at,  685 
Cape  Boxwood,   715  ;  bulbs.  561  ;  treat- 
ment of,  90  ;  woods,  756 
Capers,  557.  593 
Capparis  spinosa,  557 
Capsicum.  Aji-aji,  532 
Carnation  Lady  Agnes.  245  ;  C.  Souvenir 

de  la  Malmaison  at  Rangemore,  334 
Carnations    and    Picotees.    13.    120;    at 

Slough,  list  of.  149  ;  winter-flowering, 

494  ;  yellow  ground,  121 
Carnations    at    Messrs.    Veitch's,    in  ; 

diseases  of,  244  ;  dwarf  tree,  424  ;  tree, 

520 
Carnivorous  Nepenthes,  502 
Carpenteria  californica,     115,    149,    174, 

339  :  flowering  of,  306 
Carriage-building  trade,  531 
Carse  of  Gowrie,  sale  of  orchard  fruit  at, 

306 
Carter's  Provident  Sick  Fund,  657  ;  To- 
bacco    experiments,  339  ;       Wheats, 

hybrid.  240 
Cassia  Fistula  (Amiltas),    147  ;  C.  lignea 

and  the  Chinaman,  82 
Catasetum  Bungerothii,  785 ;   C.    longi- 

foUum,  654 
Caterpillar,  eating  skin  of  ripe  Grapes, 

220  ;  on  Tobacco,  569 
Cattleya  bicolor  Wrigleyana,  393 
Cattleya,  "  blue,"  a  new,  8n 
Cattleya  calummatax,  524;  C.  crocata, 

331  ;  C.  Dowiana  var.  aurea,  360  ;  C. 

iildorado,  155  ;  C.  Qaskelliana,  7^  ;  C  , 


IV 


The  GarJcncrfc'  Chronicle.l 


INDEX. 


gigas,  T04  ;  C.  labiata  var.  Mossi?e,  75  ; 
C.  Lawrenccana,  466  ;  C.  Loddigesii. 
Dr.  Duke's  var..  Bii  ;  C.  Koddigesii 
Candida,  331  ;  C  Measuresii,  526  ; 
C.  Mossire,  360  ;  a  fine  specimen  of. 
400  ;  three*anthered,  a,  11 
Cattleyas,    treatment  of,    in    July,    83 ; 

and  Lrelias.  potting  of,  303 
Ceanothus  Gloire  de  Versailles,  217 
Cedar  at  Bretby  Park,  406 
Cedars  at  Bayfordbury.   427,   520,  552  ; 

of  I^ebanon  ripening  seed,  558 
Cedrelaodorata  in  South  Africa,  186 
Celery  disease.    Puccinia    bullata,    7.^6  ; 
history  of,  296  ;  leaves  disfigured,  44.;  ; 
White  Plume.  8t6 
Centaurea    glastifolia,     82  ;    C.  [macro- 

.cephala,  82,  168,  215 
Centigrade  and  Fahrenheit,  33B 
Cerasus  Watereri,  716 
Cerinthe  minor,  242 
Ceylon,   153,  499  ;    Cinchona  cultivation 

in,  154 
Cheal's  Nursery,  421 
Chemical  constituents  in  a  ton  of  various 

kinds  of  fruits,  139 
Cherry-wood,  622 
Chick  house,  75 
China,  plant  exchange  in,   146  ;  South, 

botanical  rambles  in,  586.  650 
Chinese,  economic  plants,  notes  on,  40  ; 

plants,  242  ;  Primrose,  double,  52 
Chiriqui,  a  trip  to,  140,  200 
Chiswick,  Scientific  and  Literary  Society, 
,114:    Young    Gardeners'    Mutual   Im- 
provement Society,  496 
Choisya  ternata,  106 
Christmas  bouquets,   807 ;    decorations, 

784  ;  Mistletofor,  786 
Chrysanlhemum,  G.  Werniig,  459 ;  C  Leu- 
canthemum.  82  ;  C.  maximum,  274;  C. 
Mrs.  Norman  Davis,  729  ;  C.  uligino- 
sum,  306  ;  season,  the,  588  ;  Society, 
the  National,  498,  722 
Chrysanthemums,  203,  592  ;  at  Beech- 
wood,  624;  at  Birmingham,  815;  at 
Finsbury  Park.  589  ;  at  Harlesden 
Park.  ^64  ;  at  Heckfield,  405  ;  at  the 
Inner  Temple,  588  ;  at  Mr.  Cannell's 
685  ;  at  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons",  622  ; 
at  Trueloves,  758  ;  at  Worksop  Manor, 
Notts,  661  ;  midwinter,  814.  (See 
.  Societies.) 

Chrysogonum  virginianum,  405,  680 
Church  decoration,  book  on,  470 
Chusquea  abietifolia,  524 
Chysis  aurea,  secreting  glands  of,  209 
Cinchona,  barks  in  Colombia,  593  ;  insect 
pests  of.    532  ;   manuring,    594  ;  trees, 
quinine  in,  561 
Cinerarias,  203 
Cirrhopetalum  pulchrum,  458 
Cistus  family,  the,  114 
Cistus  in  Portugal,  species  of,  114 
Citron,   culture  in  Corsica,  8  ;  how  pre- 
pared, 154 
Cladoptosis,  146 
Clematis,  free  flowering,  498  ;  C.  vitalba. 

406 
Clerodendron  nutans,  691  ;  C.   trichoto- 

mum,  339 
Clover,  Japan,  409  ;  Calvary,  316 
Coal,  anthracite,  598 
Ccelogyne    cristata    maxima,    360  ;     C. 

Dayana,  44  ;  C.  pandurata,  75 
Coffee,  insect  pests  of,  532 
Colocasia  Devansayana,  114 
Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  8,  18,  72, 

146,  153,  202,  295,  329,  530 
Colonial     Exhibition     and    horticulture, 
624  ;  forestry  at,  558,  622,  684  ;  litera- 
ture   of,    182  ;    paintings    and    photo- 
graphs at,  555  ;  plant  illustrations  at, 
167  ;  a  proposed  permanent,  455  ;  rus- 
tic work  at,  10  ;  tlie  woods  at,  /15,  788 
Colonial  notes.  13.  300,  334,  441 
Colorado  Spruce,  621 
Colour  and  bees,  534,  597 
Colour,  books  on,  53,   85,   118  ;  descrip- 
tion, 269  ;  inheritance,  118  ;  inheritance 
or  otherwise  of,  82  ;  in  Stocks,  305 
Coloured  leaved  plants,  14 
Columbian  plants.  179 
Commemorative  trees,  176 
Comte  de  Flandres  Pear,  232 
Congo  flora,  the,  337 
Conifers,  Dickson  &  Sons',  at  Liverpool, 
562 ;    notes   on   seedling,    660 ;    orna- 
mental, 370  ;  renovating  impoverished, 
390 
Conferences  at  the  Royal   Horticultural 

Society,  the,  752 
Conservatory  and  ball-room  at  Sandring- 

ham.  392  ;  climbers.  691 
Continental  novelties,  460,  809 
C'onvolvulus  mauritanicus,  661,  692 
Cocoons  found  in  an  Acorn,  84 
Cordyline  austraUs,  585 
Coris  monspeliensis,  748 
Cornish  moorlands,  551,  599 
Cornus  canadensis,  299 
Corsica,  Citron  culture  in,  8 
Corydalis  lutea,  214 
Corylus,  malformed,  531,  691 
Costa  Rica,  Banana  culture  in,  50 


Cottagers' and  Horticultural  Societies,  372 
Cottagers'  gardens,  prizes  for,  438 
Cottonia  peduncularis,  11 
Covent  Garden  Market,  208 
Crab,  new  variety  of,  427 
Cracking  in  Pears,  625 
Cranberries  and  Cowberries,  407 
Crataegus  Leeiana,  621  ;  C.   pinnatifida, 

var.  major  {tartarica,  hort.),  621,  658 
Crinum  Powelli,  241; 
Crocus,  an  early  flowering  one,  178  ;  C. 

karduchorum,  404 
Crocuses    as    decorative    plants,     495  ; 

autumn  and  winter.  438  ;  autumn  and 

winter    flowering,    495  ;     Mr.    Maw's 

Monograph  of,  752 
Crops  of  1886.  590 
Crops  of  Great  Britain,  the,  112 
Cross-fertilisation  and  Daffodil  seed,  535 
Crows  and  poisonous  Wheat  dips,  628 
Cryptogamic  Society  of  Scotland,  242 
Cucumber  disease,  123  ;  monstrous,  306  ; 

white  skinned,  90 
Cucumbers.  407  ;  diseased,  53 
Cultivated  land,  fruit  trees  on,  565 
Cultural  Botany,  361 
Culture  of  hard-wooded  Heaths,  746  ;  of 

Tobacci  in  North  Wales,  456 
Currant,  red  and  white  on  same  bunch, 

268 
Cyananthus  lobitus,  210 
Cycads,  vitality  of,  145 
Cycas  revoluta,  24.5 
Cyclamen   neapolitanum.  438  ;  C.   persi- 

cum,  the,  246,  276  ;  C.  repandum,  306 
Cyclamens  at  Clarke's,  810 
Cymbidium  Mastersii,  654 
Cypress,  large  deciduous,  217 
Cypripedium  arietinum,  243;  C.  cardinale, 

526  ;  C.  GodelroyfE  and  its  allies,  50  ; 

C.    Morgana^,    243  ;    C.    porphyreum, 

526  ;  C.  Sanderianum,  370  ;  C.  Saun- 

dersianum,  654  ;  C.  Sedeni,  peloria  of, 

493  ;  C.   Spicerianuni,  abnormal,  661 ; 

semi-double,  405  :  vagaries,  308 
Cypripediums,  239,  779 
Cyrtopera  Regnieri,  558 


Edinburgh,  proposed  Rose  show  at,  50  ; 
Royal  Botanic  Garden,  bog  garden  at, 

174 

Education,  402 

Edwardsias,  the,  339 

Eichornea  azurea,  308 

Elseodendron  orieniale  =■  Aralia  Chab- 
rieri   of  gardens,  690 

English  Botany,  80 

Entomology.  530 

Epidendrum  Mithewsii,  458  ;  E  P,iy- 
tense,  205  ;  E.  variegatum,  self-fertili- 
sation of,  II 

Epilobium  angustifolium,  149 

Epipactis  latifolia,  308,  371  ;  E,  ovalis. 
21S 

Eremostachys,  80 

Erica  hyemalis,  405 

Ericas  at  Milbank,  Edinburgh,  555  ; 
winter  flowering,  628 

Erineum  on  the  flowers  of  the  Vine.  178 

Erodium  Reichardi,  522 

Eryngium  pandanifolium,  496 

Escallonia  ieucanth.i   83 

Essex  Field  Club,  466,  786 

Eucalyptus,  657  ;  E.  amvedalina,  790 ; 
E.  coccifera  at  Coonibe  Wood.  306 

Eucalypti,  754  ;  at  Roseneath,  Dumbar- 
tonshire, 715  ;  in  Arran,  712,  727  ; 
Australian,  212 

Eucharis  amazonica,  625;  at  Gunnersbu'"y 
House,  790  ;  planted  out,  66r 

Eucryphia  pinnatifida,  217 

Eupatorium  Weinmannianum,  757 

Euphorbia  grandidens,  720 

European  plants  in  the  tropics,  seeds  of, 
497 

Eustoma  exaltatum,  434 

Evergreen  shrubs,  cuttings  of,  239 

Evergreens,  propagation  of,  180  ;  prun- 
ing. 534  ;  trimming  overgrjwn,  492 

Exhibition,  a  proposed  Colonial,  455  ; 
Royal  jubilee,  530 

"  Exeunt  Teas,"  467 

Extraordinary  tithes,  82 


Daffodil  seed    and    cross-fertilisation, 

535  ;  seeds  hybridised,  598 
D-iffodils  in   the    Pyrenees,   142  ;  White 

Trumpet,  563.  692 
Dahlia,  Cactus,   370  ;  show,   Grand  Na- 
tional, 208 
Dahlias,  121,  368  ;  green,  429  ;  pompon. 
437  ;    classification  of,  406  ;    single  at 
Chelsea  Botanic  Gardens,  244 
Daisy  eradicator,  692 
Darwinian  idea  in  ancient  Saxon  times, 

118 
Dite  Palms.  Arabian,  218 
Delphiniums,  406 
Delusion,  a  singular,  599 
Denbies.  2S1 

Dendrobium  breviflorum.    104,    181  ;  D. 
crystallinum.   26  ;  D.  Dearei,  75  ;    D. 
Falconeri  giganteum.    779  ;    D.    Mac- 
farlanei,  811  ;  D.    Parishi  var.    Dives, 
205  ;   D.    Phal.-Enopsis.  556,    596  ;    D. 
siratiotes,  176  ;    D.  Wardianum,  466  ; 
D.  Williamsianum,  173 
Dendrobmms.  15  ;  in  August,  239 
Der  Fraktiicke  Garlen  Freund,  560 
Desert  Plants.  594 

Desfontainea  spinosa  var.  Hookeri,  149 
Deutzia  candidissima,  83 
Devonhurst  (Chiswick),  trees  at,  183 
Devonshire,    cultivation   of  Tobacco  in, 

330  ;  gardens,  observations  on,  51 
Dimorphic  Mulberry  leaves,  471 
Dimorphism  in  leaves,  662 
Diospyros  Kaki,  650 
Dipteracanthus  afhriis,  625 
Disa  atropurpurea,  242 
Disease  of  Lirch,  718 
Disease  of  Larch  and  Pine  seedlings,  18 
Disease  of  Oats,  172 
Disease  of  Pine  seedhngs,  117 
Diseased  Cucumbers,  53 
Dognin,  M.  Camille,  722 
Double  Chinese  Primroses,  53 
Double     flowers    208,    245,    530 ;    and 

variegated  leaves,  82 
Downshire  House,  389 
Dracaenas,  15 
Dracontium  Carderi,  82 
Dresden  International  Horticultural  Ex- 
hibition, 1887,  276 
Dropmore,  325 
Drugs  and  their  source,  689 
Dryp-S  octopetala,  210 
Dry  rot  fungus,  Merulius  lachrymans,  626 
Dusseldorf,  gardening  in,  691 


Earnock  and  Neilsland,  461 
East  Anglia,  frost  in,  756 
Eaton  Hall,  7 

Edinburgh  International  Exhibition,  434; 
visit  of  the  (^ueen  to  the,  263 


Falkland  Isles,  the,  334 

Fawcett,  Mr.,  appointment,  Jamaica,  752 

Field  Mushroom,  492 

Ferns     (Adiantum    gracillimum   and   A. 

pellucidum),  19  ;  of  the  Alps,  435 
Figs,   244  ;    from    seed,   278,   308,    339  ; 

male   and    female     flowers    of,     505  ; 

at  Reculver,  52S;  at   Lambeth  Palace, 

528  ;  seedling,  403.  523 
Fir,  Blue  Douglas,  232 
Fire  Blight,  307 
Fiume,  my  garden  at,  458 
Flat  Island,  145 
Flora  of  Algiers,  59  ;  Iceland,   the,  793, 

8io 
Floral    devices,    American,     562,    785    ; 

fashions,  785 
Floriculture  in  the  United  States,  391 
Florists'  flowers,  13,    120,   203,  276,  334, 

398,  426,  459,  494,   597,  685.  659,  716, 

755.  815 
Flower-beds,  two  pretty,  307 
Flower  garden,  the,  14.  46,  79.  116,  142. 

174,   206.  239.  270.  302,  334.  367.  398, 

431,  462,  495,  526,  559,  590.  623,  654. 

687,718,751.783.811 
Flower  shows  and  their  uses,  455 
Flowers,  autumn,  270 
Flowers,  double,  208,  215,  530 
Flowers  in  season,  82,  467,  656  ;   Orchid, 

530  :  out  of  season,  598 
Flowering  of  Agave  filifera,   80  ;  shrubs 

from  Ireland,  149 
Fog.  effect  of  the  recent,  715 
Foliage    plants,    judging    of,    at  shows, 

2/8 

Follows  &  Bate.  464 

Food  reform,  560 

Forecast  of  General  Election,  209 

Forecourt  gardens,  embellishing.  7S0 

Foreign  horticulturists  in  England,  113  ; 

notes,  463 
Forestry,  14,  71,  116.  i3o,  275,  302,  366, 
429,  492.  595.   622.  658.  584.  717,  751, 
781  ;  at  the  Colonial  Exhibition,  622  ; 
notes   from   the   Colonial   and    Indian 
Exhibition,  558,  684  ;  PhiHppine,  114  ; 
Spanish,  532 
Forest  tree  planting  in  Isle  of  Man,  467 
Forests,    Indian,    497  ;    Madras,    annual 

report  of  Administration,  497 
Fossil  grasses,  817 
Foxglove,  campanulate,  123 
Foxgloves,  118 

Frames,  taking  out  (Apiary),  180 
French  Marigolds,  467  ;  nurserymen  and 

seedsmen.  80 
Frcebel's  Nursery,  Zurich,  134 
Frost  in  East  Anglia,  756 
Fruit  and  flower  growing  for  market  (Mr. 
Ladd's).   74  ;    and   vegetable    crop   of 
i836,  590  ;  gardening,  267  ;  growing  in 
south  Ireland  (a  valuable  suggestion), 
487  ;  growing  t-.  profit,   488  ;  carriage 
of,  402  ;  certificated  by  Royal  Horticul- 


tural Society,  750  ;  crop,  influence  of 
heat  and  moisture  on  the,  500  ;  reports 
on  the,  107  ;  insects  injurious  to,  370; 
near  to  the  sea,  263  ;  remarks  on,  136  ; 
culture,  American,  789 

Fruit,  constituents  of,  139;  juices,  must, 
&c.,  preserving  by  salicylic  acid,  430  ; 
gathering,  232  ;  Growers'  Association 
of  Nova  Scotia,  114;  growing,  750; 
in  jersey  and  Guernsey,  464  ;  names 
of,  52 

Fruit  Notes,  210,  232,  326,  363,  397  ; 
profits,  203  ;  register,  653,  759 

Fruit,  ripening  and  preserving,  205  ;  tree 
plantations  and  artificial  manure,  660  ; 
trees  at  Maidstone,  298  ;  trees  on  culti- 
vated land,  565  ;  summer  pinching  of, 
84  ;  pruning  of,  90  ;  repotting,  271  ; 
sporting  in,    120 ;   tropical,  preserved, 

555 
Fruits  under  Glass,  47,  79,  116,  143,  175, 

207,  239,  271,  303,   335,  431.  463,  495, 

527.  559.  591.  623,   655,   687,  719,  751. 

787,811 
"  Fruges  consumere  Nati,"  687 
Fuchsia  coccinea  and  neglected  sorts,  627  ; 

C.  corymbiflora,    406,  470,    535.   598  : 

tree  at  Ballme  House,  Ramsey,  Isle  of 

Man,  397,  530 
Fuchsias,  203  ;  at  Chiswick,  134 
Fungus,   a  giant.    215  ;    edible,  of  New 

Zealand,    402;    on  Poppies,    140;    the 

orange,  on  Roses,  76 
Fungi  on  roots,  304 


Garden,  hose,  preparation  for,  243  ;  in 
midsummer,  the,  69 

Garden,  Max  Leichtlin's,  loi  ;  Palms, 
491,  652  ;  plants,  nomenclature  of,  279  ; 
produce,  prices  of,  432 

Gardens,  allotments  and  small  holdings, 
332 

Gardeners'  Chronicle  prizes,  48 

Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institution 
(subscription  list),  6,  36,  48,  656,  690. 
692,  726.  756 ;  (the  dinner),  42 

Gardeners,  what  to  do  with  our  surplus, 
277,  306 

Gardening,  mistakes  in,  357  ;  practical 
lessons  in.  403 

Gardenias  for  winter  and  early  spring 
flowering.  534 

Gartenflora ,  624 

Gaultheria  procumbens,  758 

Genipand  Genipa,  145 

Genista  Andreana,  231 

Gentiana  septemfida,  210 

Geranium  argenteum,  210 

Germination  of  Vine  seeds,  423 

Geum  montanum.  748 

Ghent  "  Chambre  Syndicale,"  82,  232, 
531.  814 

Giant  fungus,  a,  215 

Ginger  beer  plant,  315 

Gishurstine,  488 

Gladioli,  early  flowering,  303 

Gladiolus  Watsonioides,  49,  84 

Glands  of  Chysis,  209  ;  of  Oncidium,  84 

Gleditschia,  494 

Gloxinias,  19  ;  at  Messis.  Sutton  &  Sons', 
173:  new.  588 

Glynde  Place,  •^•j 

Godetias.  182 

Golden  Elder,  the,  50 

Golden  Mohur  seed?,  569 

Goodyera  Rodigasiana,  779 

Gooseberries,  the  latest,  443 

Grafted  Potatos,  2d  year's  produce  of, 
567  ;  Vines,  564 

Granadilla  and  Tree  Tomato,  689 

Grape,  and  Peach  Growing  at  Manresa 
House,  278  ;  another,  new,  564  ;  seeds, 
434 

Gripes,  395.  440,  470  ;  and  spiders,  79  ; 
at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
470  ;  from  Hungiry.  522  ;  keeping  on 
Vines.  791  ;  grafted,  502.  536,  597,  627  ; 
mildewed,  569;  outdoor,  653;  ripen- 
ing of,  434  ;  rust  on,  187  ;  shanked, 
123  ;  sphtting,  569 

Grasses,  for  permanent  pastures,  experi- 
ments on,  264 

Greenfly  and  spider,  wash  for,  155 

Green  frogs.  755 

Grevillea  sulphurea,  468 

Griffinia  Blumenavia,  179 

Guernsey  and  Jersey  Fruit  Co..  306 

Guernsey,  the  Ivy  in,  535 

Gunnera  scabra,  424,  470 

Gymnadenia  conopsea,  153 

Gymnogramma  fariniferum,  243 

Gynerium  jubatum.  536,  564,  689 


H 

Haarlem,  71 

Hailstorm  near  Paris,  497,  531 
Hair  or  no  hair?,  562,  593 
Hance,  the  late,  Dr.,  176 


INDEX. 


[December  25,  1886. 


Hard-and-fast  lines  in  Orchid  growing, 

750 
Hardy  flowers  from  Reading.  370 
Hardy  (ruit  garden,   Uie,   47,   143.    175, 

207,  271,  335,   399,   463,  527,  591,  623, 

719  :  Jasmine.  339 
Harlesden    Park,    Chrysanthemums    at, 

564 
Harlow  Moor,  723 
Hart,      Mr.,      Botanical      Department, 

Jamaica.  274 
Harplocarpa  Leichtlini,  270 
Healing  barked  stem  of  Holly,  278 
Heat    and    moisture,    influence    on    the 

fruit  crop,  500 
Heat  as  a  standard  for  comparison  with 

the  progress  of  vegetation,  175 
Heaths,  cullure  of  hard-wooded,  745 
Hedge  plant,  Berberis  asiatica  as  a,  304 
Hedges  and  fences.   275  ;    pruning  and 

switching,  757  ;  trimming,  790;  useful 

and     ornamental,     362 ;     too     deeply 

planted,  284 
Hedging,  14 

Helenium  grandiflorum,  270 
Helianthemum  rosmarinifolium,  84 
Helianthus  japonicus,    270  ;      H.    losti- 

florus,  500  ;  H.   multiflorus,   270,  371  ; 

H.  tuberosus,  flowering,  692 
Helminthosporium  echinulatum,  244 
Help  acknowledged,  402 
Hemlock   Spruce,  Himalavan,  hardiness 

of.  in  Hants,  118 
Hemipilia  calopbylla,  104,  147 
Henna,  493 
Herbaceous  plants.  405.  408,  471  ;  in  the 

flower  gardens,  39 
Herbaceous  border.  239.  270 
"  Herbier  General  Analytique,"  690 
High  temperature.  307 
Himalayan  Hemlock  Spruce,  72  ;  hardi- 
ness of,  in  Hants,  118 
History  of  Plants,  the,  327,  359 
Hives,  making,  491 
Hofburg  Garden,  Vienna,  176 
Holly,  healing  barked  stem  of,  278 
Hollies,  80  ;  gold  and  silver  variegated, 

427 
Hollyhocks,  308 
Holmes.  Mr.,  W.,  proposed  presentation 

to,  722  ;  the  presenlaiion  to,  792 
Honey  cells,  how  filled,  148 
Honey,    taking     the,     117  ;     under    the 
Hooper  &  Co.,1bouquets  at,  807 

microscope,  533 
Hops  in  India,  562 
Horticulture  and  the  Colonial  Exhibition, 

624  ;  and  the  Press,  785 
Horticultural  Club,  785  ;  exhibitions,  757; 

Palace  and   Colonial  Exhibition,  371, 

466.  659  ;  Societies  and  Cottagers,  372 
Hortus  Floridus,  71 
Hot  wells,  658 
Hoya  imperialis,  43 
Humea  elegans,  662 
Hyacinths,    new   varieties  of,   620,   691  ; 

Tulips,  and  other  Dutch  bulbs,  330 
Hybrid,  bi-generic.  a,  275 
Hybridisers'  work,  240 
Hydrangea  hortensis,  blue.  470  ;  H.  in- 

volucrata,  106 
Hygrometer,  114 
Hypericum  xgypticum,  521 


IcELANn,  the  flora  of,  793,  810 

Ichthemic  guano,  691 

Imantophyllum  or  Himantophyllum.  51 

Impatiens  fulva,  750 

Imperial  Institute.  690 

Improvement  of  plants,  the,  743 

Improvements  in  Peas  and  other  plants, 

436 
India.    Hops  in,   562;  fodder  grasses  of, 

242  ;  horticulture   and  botany  in,  147  ; 

723 
Indian  forests,  497  ;  notes,  218 
Inga  pulcherrima,  519 
Ingram,  Mr.  VV.,  presentation  to,  234 
Insect-killing  bottles,  176  ;  pests  of  Tea, 

Coffee,  and  Cinchona,  532 
Insects,  injurious,  in  Canada,  242  ;  to  fruit 

crops,  370  ;  in  Pear  tree  bark,  90 
Inula  glandulosa.  243 
Ireland,  south   of,    truit    and    vegetable 

growing  in,  487 
Irisfilifolia,  118;  I.  Milesii,  242 
Irish  Agricultural  statistics,  338  ;  utensilr. 

and  tools  at  the  Potato  lercentenary, 

748 
Irish  garden,  an,  453 
Isle  of  Man,    Fuchsia  tree  in,  397.  530  ; 

planting  in.  467,  497 
Ivy,  Hibberd's  Emerald,  586  ;  in  Guern- 
sey, the,  535 


Jamaica,  botanical  department  in,  752 
hurricane  in,  441 


Japan  Clover,  466  ;  method  of  preserving 

timber  in,  230 
Japanese  Berberis,  306  ;  Peppermint,  145 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  Paris,  560 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  Rouen,  428 
Jersey  and  Guernsey,    fruit  growing  in, 

464  ;  Tobacco  in,  554 
Jesmond  Dene  P^rk,  40 
Juglans  nigra,  726 


K.KMi'i'ERiA  atrovirens.  463 

Karatas  acanthocrater,  625 

Kapok.  114.  785 

Kew.  Royal  Gardens,  48,  274,  304 

Kinver  seed  and  flower  farms,  the,  454 

Kitchen  garden,   the,    15,   79,   143,    207, 

271.  335.  399.  463.  527.  591.  623,  655, 

719,  751,  783 
Kniphoha  aloides  as  a  bee  trap,  33 
Koch,  Frau  Th^'rese,  720 


Label  holders,  594 

Laslia  autumnalis  var.  xanthotropis,  466  ; 

L.    Balemaniana,    338  ;    L.    euspatha. 

361 
Lago  Maggiore.  593 
Laing  &  Co.,  disbolulion  of  partnership, 

588 
Laird  &  Son's  nursery,  556 
Lamarck's  Herbarium,  593 
Lamont  &  Son's  nursery,  263 
Land,  effects  of  Tobacco  on.  682 
Landscape  gardening,  396.  402 
Landscapes,  the  cutting  out  of,  173 
Lapageria  rosea,  243 
Lapagerias,  183 
Larch  and  Pine  seedlings,  disease  of,  18  ; 

disease,  the.  718 
Larix  Griffith!,  464 
Lathyrus  tuberosus,  83 
Laurels,  glands  on,  252 

Law  Notes  \— 

Kestertont'.  Greenfield  peat  and  sand,  817 

Overseers  of  Penge  v.  Haynes,  601 

Rating  nurseries,  601 

VVatkins  &  Simpson  v,    J.    Robinson, 
794 

Lawn  and  garden  apparatus,  178 
Lawson    Seed  and  Nursery  Company, 

787 
Laxton,  retirement  of  Mr.,  588 
Leaf-cutter  Sawfiy,  59 
Learn  to  observe,  785 
Leaves,  dimorphism  in,  662 
Lee  &  Son's  nurseries,  Feltham.  683 
Leech's  Pictures,  t8 
Leek,  a  large,  599;  Musselburgh,  264 
Leeks,  662 
X^Kixoy,  Andre,  638 
Leschenaultia  biloba,  18 
Lespedezi    striata,  409,  598  ;  the   Japan 

Clover,  466 
Lettuce,    366  ;     how    to     winter,    726  ; 

Winter  Cabbage  Butterhead,  472 
Lettuces,  133 
Lycesteria  formosa.  407 
Leyden  Pippin  Apple.  232 
Lichens  on  trees,  719 
Lilium  auratum,  371 
Lilium  auratum'  fasciated,  531 
Lilium  auratum,   a    fine.    339  ;  L.    can- 

didum,  narrow  petalled,    183  ;  L.   for- 


245 
Liliums.  19 

Lily,  double  white,  the,  246,  307 
Lilies,  585.  744 
Lilies,   Belladonna  and   Guernsey,    302  ; 

double,  153 
Lime  tree,  a  remarkable,  246  ;  mite.  474 
Linaria  alpina,    210  ;   L.    hepa tic ae folia, 

299 
Lindenia,  82.  331,  560 
Linnean   Society  of  London,  625,  754  ; 

dates  of  meeting,  497 
Liparis  elegans.  558 
Liquorice  culture  in  Damascus,  497 
Lissochilus  Krebsii  purpuratus,  747 
Literature  of  the  Colonial  Exhibition,  182 
Liverpool,  boiler  contest  at,  the.  18.  245 
Liverpool,  Exhibition,  242  ;  Mr.  Rivers* 

fruit  trees  at,  82  ;  round,    10,   44  ;  St. 

John's   Market  at,    74  ;    show  awards 

at,  16,  50  ;  the  late,  208  ;  deficit  at,  48 
Lodoicea    seychellarum    (double  Cocoa- 

Lonchocarpus  Barteri,  56r.  785 
London  Parks,  supply  of  bulbs  to,  209 
Lord,  Mr.  R.,  funeral  of  the  late,  306 
Low,  H..  &  Co..  Orchids  at,  686 
Low's  Silver  Fir,  755 
Luculia  gratissima,  791 
Luffas  in  Japan,  594 


Lunar  rainbow,  243 
Luton  Hoo.  490 
Lychnis  pyrenaica,  780 
Lythrura  Salicaria,  340 


M 


Macroscepis  obovata,  179 

Madagascar,  690 

Madras,  Agri- Horticultural  Societyof,  301 

Magnolia  fuscata,  427 

Mahogany  in  India,  594 

Maidstone,  fruit  trees  at,  298 

"  Making  "  hives,  491 

Malesia,  82,  496 

Malou,  M.  Jules,  178 

Malpighia,"  176 

Mangos,  grafting,  Agri-Horticultural  So- 
ciety of  India,  114 

Manicaria,  491 

Manure,  artihcial,  and  fruit  tree  planta- 
tion, 660  ;  Vine,  426 

Manures.  523  :  and  fruits,  139 

Maps  of  the  Colonial  Exhibition,  208 

Marigolds,  distribution  of  colour  in.  591 

Market,  fruit  and  flower  growing  for  (Mr. 
Ladds),  74 

Market  Gardeners.  Nurserymen,  and 
Farmers'  Association,  306 

Market  gardening,  488  ;  at  St.  Neot's,  295 

Market  plants,  301,  328,  364,  394,  520, 
776,  810 

Market  prices,  471,  564 

Market,  St.  John's,  Liverpool,  74 

Martinesia,  491 

Martin,  Mr.  J.,  209 

Maples,  Japanese,  305 

MasdevaUia  achrochordonia,  526  ;  M. 
cucuUata,  747  ;  M.  Dayana,  428 

Maurandya  Barclayana,  50 

.Mauritia,  491 

Max  Laichilin's  garden,  loi 

Maxillaria  venusta,  a  twin-flowered,  596 

Maximiliana,  491 

Mealy-bug  in  vinery,  474 

Melons,  in  frames,  271  ;  in  heated  pits, 
271  ;  in  July,  79 

Merulius  lachrymans,  the  dry-rot  fungus, 
626 

Meteorological  observations  at  Natal,  186 

Metric  system,  the.  466 

Mexico,  vegetable  products  of,  755 

Mice  destructive  of  Elder,  245 

Michigan  Horticultural  Society.  147 

Mignonette,  776  ;  Cannell's  new,  724 

Mildew  and  down  on  the  Vine  leaf,  268 

Milford,  485 

Millbank,  Edinburgh,  Ericas  at,  555 

Miltonia  Peetersiana  concolor,  360;  M. 
spectabilis  var.  Moreliana,  205 

Mina  lobata.  684 

Mistleto,  814 

Mistleto  berries  ripe  in  July,  48,  85,  150 

Mistleto  for  Christmas,  786 

Mistakes  in  gardening,  357 

Mitrula  paludosa.  12 

Moorlands,  Cornish,  551,  599 

Moor  Park,  293 

Morello  Cherries.  210 

Moss  litter,  German,  for  Orchids,  371, 
407 

Moss  on  trees,  90 

Mossy  stones  as  ornaments,  726 

Moth,  the  Codlin,  533 

Mulberry  leaves,  dimorphic,  471 

Mutisia  decurrens,  153 

Myoporineous  plants,  402 


N 


"  Namenlose  "  Rose,  242 

Names  of  fruit.  52 

Nannorrhops,  653  :  N.  Ritchteana,  7gr 

Narcissus  Bulbocodium,  rate  of  increase 

of.    303  ;   bulbs,    proliferous.    372  ;  N. 

elegans   var..   563  ;   N.  panizzlanus  in 

Portugal.  Sio  ;  N.  viridiflorus,  405  ;  N. 

viridiflorus  in  North  Africa.    661  ;  N. 

viridiflorus.    does    it    produce  leaves  ? 

810 
Narthecium  ossifragum,  144 
Natal,  153  ;  meteorological   observations 

at,  186 
National  Chrysanthemumum  Society,  498 ; 

562 
National  Co-operative  flower  show,  272 
"  Native  Flora."  our,  245 
Natural  Science,  Swiss  Society  of,  275 
Nectarine,  Pine-apple,  the,  118 
Nepenthes  carnivorous,  502 
Neuminster.  134 

Newbury  and  neighbourhood,  5S3 
New  Caledonia,  products  of,  436 
Newcastle-on-Tyne,  an  International  and 

Colonial  Exhibition,  338 
Newman,  Mr.,  presentation  to,  504 
New  names  and  old  things,  307 
New  South  Wales,  vegetation  of.  459 
New  Zealand,  178  ;  and  Australian  trees 

in  Arran,  679  ;  forests,  300 


Nitrate  of  soda  prizes,  result  of,  18 
Nitrogen  as  plant  food,  sources  of,  787 
Nomenclature.  80,  20S  ;  of  Orchids,  209  ; 

of  Paradisia,  the,  46 
Notes  from  Dublin,  153 
Notospartium  Carmichaeli,  106 
Nova  Scotia,  fruit  crops  of,  115  ;    Fruit 

Growers'  Association,  114 
Novel  plant  house,  52 
Nunfield,  Dumfries.  211 
Nursery ^notes  :   Gloxinias  at  Hooper  & 

Co.'s,  II  ;  Begonias  at  Messrs.  J.  Laing 

&  Co.,  II  ;  Messrs.  Kelway's  Paeonies, 

12 
Nursery,  Messrs.  Lee  &  Son's,  at  Feltham, 

683 
Nut  Pine  of  Nevada,  the,  136 
Nutrition  and  sexual  variation,  619 


Oak,  gigantic,  a,  243 

Oak  leaves,  while  blotches  on,  505 

Oats,  disease  of,  172 

Obituary  :— 
Berners,  Mr.,  315 
Blair,  Mrs.,  409 
Bradley,  Mr..  537 
Broome.  C.  E.,  697 
Brown.  T.,  817 
Bush,  Thomas,  187 
Chapman.  T.,  219 
Cox,  J.,  378 
F'letcher,  W.,  219 
Forsyth,  William,  505 
Fromow,  William,  728 
Geert,  August  Van,  667 
Gibbs,  Thomas,  633 
Green,  Charles,  728 
Grote,  A.,  761 
Hance,  H.  F..  218 
Lyons,  Dr.,  M.P.,  817 
Lord,  Robert, 
Peach,  Rev.  C.  P.,  409 
Pohlmann.  E.,  761 
Stenger,  Mrs.,  537 
Stevens,  Z.,  537 
Stewart,  W.,  377 

Odontoglossum,  genus,  the,  39.  103.  230  ; 
O.  aspersum.  360  ;  O.  brevifolium,  39  ; 
O.  cariniferum,  39  ;  O.  chiriquense,  39  ; 
O.  coronarium,  39  ;  O.  crispura,  mons- 
trous, 690  ;  O.  hastilabium,  39  ; 
O.  Insleyai  splendens,  360  ;  O.  laeve,  39  ; 
O.  miniatum,  39  ;  O.  odoratura,  392  ; 
O.  vexillarium,  11,  85;  O.  v.,  Mr. 
Douglas'  plant,  144  ;  O.  Wilckeanum, 
semi-double  flower  of,  432 

Odontoglossums,  490  ;  and  Masdevallias, 
175 

Odour  of  Rubus  deliciosus,  50 

Olearia  Haasti,  217  ;  macrodouta,  304  ; 
O.  nitida.  44 

Olympia,  gardens  of,  178 

Oncidium  Batemannianum,  glands  of, 
84  ;  O.  Jonesianum,!  75  ;  O.  macula- 
tum.  179  ;  O.  macranthum,  458  ;  O.  ser- 
ratum.  620  ;  O.  tetracopis,  43 

Oodypore,  625 

Opium,  African,  in  China,  338 

Orange  coccus  parasite,  the.  563 

Orange  crop  in  Valencia,  467  ;  culture  in 
San  Francisco,  77  ;  fungus  on  Roses,  76  ; 
house,  271  ;  peel,  what  is  it  ?  780 ; 
origin  of  the  Blood,  434 

Oranges  in  Valencia  and  Cordova,  15 

Orchard  fruit,  sale  of,  at  the  Carse 
of  Gowrie,  306  ;  houses,  the,  658 

Orchid  Album,  144,  560 

Orchid,  Conference  at  Liverpool,  the,  20  ; 
culture,  hints  on,  363  ;  flowers,  530  ; 
fungi,  242  ;  growers,  hard-and-fast 
rules  for,  750  ;  growing,  new  terrors 
for,  242  ;  houses,  the,  15,  83,  175.  239, 
303.  334.  398.  462.  526,  590.  655,  687. 
718,  786  ;  construction  of,  596  ;  nomen- 
clature, 209,  278,  466;  notes,  II, 
43.  205,  267,  360,  392.  458.  526,  558, 
596,  619,  654,  725,  747,  779,  8ir  ;  pru- 
ning. 627,  692  ;  sales.  403  ;  seeds,  496 

Orchids,  a  handful  of  Natal  terrestrial, 
58  ;  at  Bull's,  274.  621  ;  at  Mr.  Cobb's, 
725  ;  at  Dorman's,  619  ;  at  The  Firs, 
Lawrie  Park,  Sydenham,  331  ;  at 
Heaton  House,  Cheshunt,  779  ;  at 
Low's.  Clapton,  393,  686  ;  at  Nun- 
field,  Dumfries.  211  ;  at  Oswald  Road, 
Edinburgh,  600  ;  at  Sanders',  519  ; 
at  Mr.  Tauiz*,  Studtey  House,  725  ; 
at  Major  Lendy's.  Sunbury  House, 
725  ;  at  J.  Veitch  &  Son's,  104,  553  ; 
at  Williams',  649  ;  at  Mr.  Measures', 
The  Woodlands,  590 

Orchids,  choice,  in  flower,  267  ;  German 
moss  litter  for.  371,  407  ;  in  the  open 
air,  424  ;  in  flower  at  Kew  on  Decem- 
ber I,  791  ;  two  new,  173  ;  with  ab- 
normal flowers.  440 

Orchis  weevil,  another,  300 

Origanum  sipyleum,  5^9 

Origin  of  the  Pink,  215 


INDEX. 


(December  25,  i8£6. 


Ornamrntal  Conifers.  3-0 
Orniihoci'pluilus  grandiflorus,  50 
Osyris  alba,  1^6 

Ovnhirian  Zoospore,  birlh  of  an,  815 
Oxera  pulchclla,  786 

Oxford   Carnalioii  and   Ticolce    Union, 
114.  ^78 


r.i:oNiA  Broteri,  48 

J'alins,  bleaching,  284  ;  garden,  described, 

491,  652 
Pampas-grass  plumes,  drying  of,  474 
Pandanus  variegatus,  656,  816 
Piinsies  as  exhibition  flowers,  51 
Papaver  pavoninmn,   328  ;  P.  seligerum, 

^=53 


Paper  pulp  fron 


L  brevifolia,  18 
alure  of,  46 

Parasite,  the  orange  Coccus.  563 

Paris.  I'^xhibition  of  1889,  723;  gardencr:>' 
lottery  for  the.  723  ;  hailstorm  near. 
497.  S3[  ;  horticulmral  congress  in,  592 

Parochelus  conimuuis,  626 

Passiflora  vitifolia,  274 

Pathology  of  plants,  144 

Pavia  macrostachya,  217 

I'i-a,  a  new,  182;  Prodigy.  278;  Tele- 
phone, 244,  307,  339  ;  Smith's  Epi- 
curean,   305 ;    Veiich's    Xew  Prodigy, 

rVas,  272,  536  ;  and  other  plants;,  im- 
provements in,  436;  a  plea  for  the 
older  varieties,  278  ;  Laxton's  new 
Charmer,  and  Walton  Hero.  407  ;  late, 
C27  ;  mildewed,  340;  Telephone  and 
others,  278,  371,  405,  501 

Peach,  Alexander,  210,  244,  363,  397 ; 
Amsden,  363.  397  ;  and  Nectarine  on 
the  same  shoot.  27S  ;  Condor,  363  ; 
mildew,  123  ;  Sea  Eagle,  653  ;  wall- 
tree  covers  and  their  nunagement,  19  ; 
Waterloo,  2to 

Peaches,  Americin,  271,  363  ;  early,  232 

Pear.  Beurre  Hardy,  232 ;  Comte  de 
Flandres,  232  ;  Conference,  530  ; 
D^lices  d'Hiver.  210  ;  Doyenne  de 
Juillet,  533  ;  Laxton's  Bergamot,  497  ; 
Marie  Louise,  654 

pears  and  Apples  in  the  North,  536;  arti- 
ficially ripened,  533  ;  cracking  in,  625  ; 
packing,  594  :  seedless,  464 

Peat,  51 

Pelargoniums,  203  ;  Ivy-leaved,  533,  628. 
660  ;  propagation  of,  174  ;  show  and 
fancy,  755  ;  zonal,  in  winter,  726 

Peloria  of  Cypripedium  Sedeni,  498 

Pentstemon,  5:5,  78  ;  the  origin  of  the 
garden,  182  ^ 

Pepper  of  Peppers,  532 

Peppermint,  culture  of,  784  ;  culture  in 
Japan,  594:  Japanese,  145 

Permanent  pasture  grasses,  experiments 
on,  264 

Peter  Lawson  &  Son,  Limited,  146 

Phaius  Humbloti,  173 

Phalrenopsis  at  Heaton  House.  Cheshunt. 
779;fromMr.  Philbrick's  garden,  11  ;  P. 
grandiflora  var.  aurea,  466  ;  revision  of 
the  genus,  i63,  212.  276,  372  ;  the  first 
in  cultivation,  i63  ;  P.  violacea,  205, 
558 

PhaseoUis  caracalla,  791 

Phenological  observations! 

Philadelphus  Gordonianus, 
florus,  83 

Philippine  forestry,  114 

Phlox  Drummondi,  double  white,  new, 
722 

Photographs  and  Paintings  at  the  Colo- 
nial and  Indian  Exhibition,  555 

Phrynium  variegatum,  338 

PJiylloxera  laws,  the,  720,  784  ;  in  Algiers, 
112 

Physic  Gardens,  Chelsea,  the,  336 

Phyteuma  comosum,  80,  149 

Picea    ajanensis,    501  ;     or     Abies,    the 
names,  688;  P.  Glehni,  231  ;  P.  pun- 
gens  glauca,  404 
.  Pigeon  post,  624 

Pinanga  decora,  754, 

Pine-apple  Nectarnie,  118 

Pine-appli 


n  Sweden,  154 
174  ;  P.  parvi- 


y.  653 


beetles,  275  ;  seedlings,  disease  of, 
117  ;  the  Corsicanand  rabbits,  594 

Pines,  143  ;  leaves  of,  784  ;  on  the  Pon- 
tine Marshes,  569 

Pink,  origin  of  the.  215 

Pinks  and  their  culture,  167 

Pinus  edulis,  300  ;  P.  Engelmanni.  114  ; 
P.  Lambertiana,  85:  P.  Laricio,  attacked 
by  rabbits,  658  ;  P.  macrocarpa,  428  ; 
P.  monophylla,  136  ;  P.  Pinaster,  427  ; 
P.  sinensis  in  Souh  Africa,  186 

Pistia  stratiotes,  729 

Plane  tree  and  Quince,  791 

Plantago  Ispaghul,  Spogel  seed.  562 

Plant  characteristics,  176  ;  exchange  in 
China,  146  ;  food,  sources  of  nitrogen 
as,  787  ;  group  at  the  Exeter  show,  775  ; 
growth  during  winter,  816  ;  illustrations 
at  the  Colonial  Exhibition,  167  ;  physi- 
ognomy, 726 


Plant  rouTRAiTs,  Rfgistf-r  of  :— 
Acer  colchicnm  tricolor,  460 
Achillea  rupeslris,  625 
Aconitum  dissectum,  40 
Alocasia  Augnstiana,  40  ;  'A.  Lindeni, 

343  ;  A.  margaritfc,  690 
Alyssum  monlanum,  690 
Androsace  lanuginosa,  399 
Angraecum  citratum,  40  ;  A.  fuscalum, 

690 
Anguloa  Ruckeri,  392 
Aristolochia  elegans,    148  ;    A.   longi- 

folia,  112 
Beaufortia  splendens,  40 
Befaria  glauca.  337 
Begonia  Johnstoni,  496 
Bignonia  purpurea.  690 
Bollea  pulvinaris,  8ri 
Brassavola  Digbyana,  399 
Prodisea  Dougla<-ii,  625 
Burchelli  capensis,  429 
Calliopsis  Drummondi,  40 
Caltha  leptosepala,  690 
Cantua  dependens,  429 
Caraguata  Andr(''ana.  148 
Catasetum  Bungerothii,    560;   C.  Leh- 

manni,  40;  C.  tabularevar.  serrulata, 

40 
Cattleya   Gaskelliana.    690  ;    C.    Law- 

renceana,  148  ;  C.  Mendelli,  393  ;  C. 

Triance  Dodgsoni,  560  ;  C.  T.  Mas- 

.sangeana,  399 
Colchicum  Troodi,  496 
Corydalis  Suwerzowii,  337 
Crassula  Schmidti,  399 
Cypripedium  concolor,  690;  C.  Gode- 

froy?e  niveum,  6go  ;  C.  microchilum, 

331  ;  C.  purpuratum,  429 
Cyrtoceras  reflexum,  43 
Daphne  Mezereon,  148 
Dendrobium     thyrsiftorum,     i]8  ;     D. 

William&ianum,  561 
Dracaena  Madame  Lucien  Linden,  148 
Echinocactus  senilis,  429 
Epidendrum  atropurpureura  var.  Randi, 

331 
I-dgus  silvatica  atropurpurea  tricolor, 

148 

Giltonia  clavata,  113 

Gardenia  citriodora,  399 

Geum  rhceticum,  429  • 

Gladiolus  Kotschyanus.  337 

Gymnogramma  fariniferun),  242 

Hypericum  oblongifolium,  429 

Iris    Doui^lasiana,    40  ;     L    Eulefeldi, 

495  ;     I.    Rosenbachiana,    399  ;     I. 

stellata,  337 
Karatas  acanthocrater,  625 
Labisia  alata,  429 
La?lia  albida  var.  Bella.  144  ;  L.   har- 

pophylla,  40  ;  L.  superbiens,  399 
Leontice  Alberti,  496 
Leschenaultia  Baxteri  major.  6go 
Lilium   longiflorum   Harrisi.   463;    L. 

pardalinum,  40  ;  L.  Parryi,   148  ;  L. 

superbum,  148 
Masdevaltia  Roezlii  superbum.  399 
Miltonia  spectabilis  var.  lineata.  811 
Myrmecodia  Beccari,  112 
Odontoglossum    Cervantesi    deorum, 

561  ;  O.   luteo-purpureum,   560  ;  O. 

Ruckerianum.  148 
Oncidium  Marshallianum,  144 
Oriza  japonica,  460 
Pandanus  Angustianus,  690  ;  P.  (?)  Ker- 

chovei,  148 
Phalsenopsis  Stuartiana,  144  ;  P.  suma- 

trana,  331 
Pilumna  nobilis,  560 
Pleurothallis  Barberiana,  113 
Rhododendron   ledifolium.    690  ;      R. 

Smirnowi,  396  ;    R.    Ungerni,   399  ; 

R.  yedoense.  690 
Saccolabium  Blumei,  var.  Russellianum, 

144 
Sagenia  mamillosa,  148 
Saxifraga  Stracheyi  var.  alba,  399 
Sclenipedium  caudatum.  var.  rosea,  460 
Sobralia  xantholeuca,  560 
Spathoglottis  plicata.  392 
Stanhopea  tigrina,  331 
Streptocarpus  Dunnii,  625  ;  varieties  of, 

40 
Thalictrum  anemoides,  460 
Thunbergia  laurifolii,  460 
Tillandsia    chrysostachys,     625  ;     T. 

fenestralis,  496 
Tulipa  Kaufinanni.  113  ;  T.   Oitrows- 

kiana.  337 
Vallota  purpurea  magnifica,  460 
Vanda  Lindeni,   393  ;  V.   suavis.  460  ; 

V.  s.  flava,  460  ;  V.  s.  Lindeni,  560  ; 

V.  s.  prastexta,  460 

Plant  protecting  material,  a  new,  598 
Planting  and  sorts  to  plant,  fruits.  623  ; 

in  London,  370  ;  the  Isle  of  Man,  497  ; 

saason,  751 
Plant?  and  their  culture,  14,  46,  79,  it6, 

143.  175.  207,  239.  270,   303,  335.  367. 

399.  431.  463.  495.  527.  559.  S9i.  623, 

655.  719.  751.  787.  815 
Plants,   Chinese,   242  ;  Columbian,    179  ; 

for  bees,  756  ;  for  the  dinner-table,  271  ; 


history  of,  327,  359  ;  in  flower  at  Chis- 
wick,  3(o  ;  in  glazed  pots,  569  ;  market 
301  ;  mortality  of  imported  at  Natal, 
186 
Plants,  new.  Certificated,  10;  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  749 

Plants,  new,  or   Notewoktiiv,  De- 
scribed :  — 
Adiantum  Capillus-veneris  var.  grandis, 

103 
Albuca  corymbosa,  38 
Alocasia  grandis,  390 
Anthurium  Mooreanum,  230  ;  A.  punc- 
tatum,  809  ;  A.  subulatum,  230 
Aristolochia  ridicula,  360  ;  A,  salpinx, 

45'5 
Bulbophyllum  saurocephalum,  262 
Billbergia  Cappei  =  Breauieana,  808 
Catasetum  galeritum,  616  ;  C.  pilealuni, 

616  ;  C.  tigrinum,  681 
Cattleya    crocata,    360 ;  C.    granulosa 

asperata,  63 1 
Cattleya,  Mauve,  Mr.  Hill's,  134 
Chondrorhyncha  Lendyana.  103 
Cu:;logyne  Foerstermanni,  262 
Crassula  impressa,  712 
Cypripedium    concolor,    294 ;    C.    or- 

phanum,    166  ;    C.    priestans,    776  ; 

C.  Tautzianumy  ,  681 
Cyrtopera  Regnieri,  294 
Dendrobium  bracteosum,  809  ;  D.  her- 

coglossum.  487  ;  D.  inauditum,  552  ; 

D.  nycteridoglossuni,  616  ;  D.  perc- 
nanthum,  70  ;  D.  pogoniates,  199  ; 
D.  smillia:,  552  ;  D.  Williambianmn, 
199 

Epidendrum  pristts,  262 

F>ia  Fordii,  584 

Esmeralda  Clarkei,  552 

Gongora  flaveola,  456 

Gonioscypha  eucomoides,  744 

Gunnera  manicata,  8 

Habenaria  militaris,  518 

L:ella   Bitemaniana,    263  ;  L    pumiU 

Curleana.  712 
Lastrea  dilatati   var.    dentigera,    103  ; 

L.  lepida,  6S1 
Mormodes  luxatum,  39  ;  M.  pardinum 

melanops,  680 
Masdevallia  astuta,    584 ;  M.    glaphyr- 

anihax,  648  ;  M.  striatella,  103 
Maxillaria  fucata,  616 
Nerine  Moorei,  68r 
Oacidium  tigrinum  var.  lugens.  553 
Odontoglossum    aspersum    violaceum, 

584  ;  O.  blandum  Rossianum,  712 

O.  conslrictum  pallens,  648  ;  O.  cris- 

pum,  Baron  Hruby's  plant,   166;  O. 

Harryanum,  486  ;   O.   Lucianianum, 

712  ;  O.  rigidam.  70 
Op'.ismenus  Burmanni  var,  albidaUin, 

776 
Orchidantha  borneensis.  srg 
Papperilzia  Leiboldi.  63o 
Passiflora  Watsoniana,  648 
Phaius  Humbloti,  294 
Portulaca  somalica,  1  -\  4 
Sagenia  mamillosa,  38 
Streptocalyx  Fiirstenb^rgii,  744 
Tritonia  Wilsoni,  38 
Vanda  Dearei,  648  ;  V.  Lindeni,  70 
Xygopetalum  leopardinum,  199,  712 
Zingiber  brevifolium,  390 

Plants,  pathology  of,  144;  Portuguese, 
467  ;  sex  in,  600  ;  the  improvement  of", 
743  ;  under  more  than  one  name,  498 

Plum.  Coe's  Late  Red,  716  ;  Kaiser  Wil- 
helm,  or  BUie  Egyptian,  717 

Plums,  hybrid,  313 

Plumbago  LarpentK,  521 

Poison  Oak  and  poison  Ivy,  716 

Poisonous  Wheat  dips  and  crows,  62S 

Pollen  tube,  action  of,  on  the  ovary,  781 

Polyanthuses,  121 

Polygonum  sachalinense,  812  ;  P.  sphns- 
rostachyum,  438;  P.  vaccinifolium, 
438 

Poole,  public  park  for,  337 

Poppy,  a  wild  white,  306,  339 

Poppies,  fungus  on,  \  jo 

Portugal.  Cisti  in,  176 

Portuguese  plants,  467 

Potassium,  sulphide  of,  246 

Potato,  a  prohfic,  278  ;  another  new,  402  ; 
conference,  561,  720  ;  tercentenary,  658, 
720,  728  ;  the  conference,  747  ;  Irish 
utensils  and  tools  at,  748 

Potato  crop,  169  ;  crop  and  cultivation, 
500  ;  South  Ireland,  215  ;  culture,  202  ; 
culture  on  the  farm,  778;  experiments 
at  Reading,  656.  723,  754,  816 ;  disease, 
80,  114  ;  grafted,  s°cond  year's  pro- 
duce, 467  ;  Society,  a,  754,  786  ;  speci- 
mens, 214 
Potatos  and  Peas,  raising,  56i 

Potatos,  classification  o!,  754  ;  cross-bred, 
656  :  for  forcing,   754  ;  for  salad,  757  ; 
King  of  Russets  and   Freedom,  720  ; 
on  manured  and  unmanured  ground, 
359  ;  run  out.  307 
Pothos  aurea,  fasciated  root  of,  724 
Pot  Roses,  557 
Pottery  at  the  Shipperies,  560 


Potting  Cattleyas  and  Lrvlias,  302 
Preserving   wood,   improved   method  of, 

230 
Press,  the,  and  horticulture,  785 
Prices  of  garden  produce,  368,  432 
Prickly  Pear,  alcohol  from  the.  594,  784 
Primrose,  Chinese  double,  52  ;  colour  of, 

535  ;    rose-coloured     wild,    84  ;    seed, 

Himalayan,  429 
Primula  capitatacrispa,  589;  Conference, 

the,     496 ;    report    of,    752  ;    hirsuta 

Allioni,  595  ;  raising,  470  ;  Reedi,  691  ; 

seeds,  406  ;  non  growth  of,  372,  406  ; 
double- flowered,   627  ;  sport, 


a,  500 
Primulas  and  grubs,  346 
Prize  essay,  the,  197,  235.  266 
Prizes  for  young  gardeners,  16 
Proliferation  of  Sedum  reflexum,  727 
Propagation  of  evergreens,  180 
Protea  cynaroides,  19 
Protecting  material,  a  new,  501 
Pruning,  78  ;  evergreens,   534  ;  Orchids, 

692 
P.'unus  Pissardi,  217,  242,  305 
Pteris  tremula  var.  grandiceps,  757 
Puccinia  bullita.  Celery  disease,  756 
Pulses,  roots  of,  754 
Pultenoea  rosea,  82 
Pynaert,  Professor  EL,  496,  560,  776 


Quince  and  Plane  tree,  791 
Quinine  in  Cinchona  trees,  561 


Railway  rates  for  Potatos,  &c  ,  748 

Ramble  amongst  Tree  Ferns,  a,  13 

Ramie  fibre  in  Spain,  594 

Ranunculus  Lyalli,  242 

Ranunculuses,  121 

Rates  and  taxes,  690 

Rating  and  fixtures,  474 

Rating  information,  where  found  in  the 

Garden-rs   Chronic'e,  187 
Red-spider  on  Roses,  cure  for,  46 
Replanting  vineries,  12 
Rcichenbachia,  360.  466 
Restio  subverticillatus.  626 
Reiinospora  tetragonia  aurea,  106 
Rhododendrons,  new  species,  209  ;  new, 

402  ;  pruning  and  increasing,  46 
Rhus  radicans,  502,  598 
Ribes  oxyacanthoides,  212 
Richmond,  432 

Ripening  a'ld  preserving  fru;t,  225 
Ripening  the  wood,  496 
Rivers'  nursery,  427 
Rivers,  Thomas,   his  insight  into  causes 

of  birrenness  in  fruit  trees,  729 
Roadway,  annexing  a,  778 
Rockery,  the,  78,  398 
Rock  gardening,  182 
Rock  plants  at  Broxbourne,  23). 
Rockwork.  Messrs.  Backhouse's,  406 
Roman   Fig.   the,  at   Reculver,   497  ;  at 

Lambeth,  528 
Roots,    402,    456,    487.  522  ;    and     their 

wo:k,    197,   235,   266  ;   fasciated,   784  ; 

fungi  on.  304 
Roots  of  Pulses,  75  \ 
Roots,  priz-i  essay  on,  176,  197,  223,  265 
Rose  Abb^  Girardin.  499  ;  (new)  Caroline 

Darden,    n6 ;    Gloire  de  Dijon,    123; 

Her  M-^jesty.  252,  814  :    Lady  M.  Fiu- 

william,     757  ;     parentage     of,     724 ; 

Mirdchal  Niel,  123;  Namenlose,   242; 

Paul  Neyron,  144  ;  Prince  Arthur,  215; 

Schone  Namenlose,  498 
Rose,  cuttings,  367  ;  growers,  good  news 

for   English.    691  ;    Hybrid  Perpetual, 

what  is  it  ?,  211  ;  proliferous,  a,  346  ; 

season,  a  review  of  the  {Alter  the  fight), 

517  ;  show  at  Edinburgh,  projected,  a, 

50  ;   shows,    296,   429  ;   au  umn,   587, 

Roses  and  Rose  stocks,  783, 816 ;  at  Ches- 
hunt, 232  ;  at  International  Exhibition, 
Edinburgh,  211  ;  Cocker  &  Sons,  439  ; 
how  to  plant,  556  ;  in  December,  754  ; 
in  pots.  204  ;  Marie  Van  Houtte  and 
Gloire  de  Dijon,  724  ;  of  the  future, 
455  ;  orange  fungus  on,  76  ;  red  or 
orange  rust  on,  505  ;  Robin's  pin- 
cushions on.  252  ;  some  recent  acqui- 
sitions in,  115  ;  Teas,  467 

Rosery,  the,  115,  204,  394,  429.  455.  499, 
724,  782 

Rouen.  Jardin  des  Plantes,  428 

Rubbish  heaps  and  lime,  149 

Rubus  deliciosus,  174  ;  odour  of,  50  ; 
R.  leucodermis,  243  ;  R.  pho^mco- 
lasius,  364,  471 

Rudbeckia  purpurea.  270 

"  Rumpumpus"  hat,  561 

Runner  Sean,  a  new,  722 

Run-out  Potatos,  307 

Ruscus  androgynus,  443 

Rust,  red,  or  orange,  on  Roses,  505 


The  Gardeners'  C.i 


INDEX. 


(December  25,  i2S6. 


Vll 


St.  Neot's,   market  gardening  at,  295 

Salicylic  acid,  preserving  fruit,  fruit  juices, 
&c.,  by,  430 

Salvia  aurea,  744  ;  S.  pseudococcinea, 
270 

Sambucus  californica,  231 

Sandal  wood,  180 

Sander&  Co.'s,  Messrs.,  Orchids,  519 

Sandringhani,  conservatory  and  ball- 
room at.  392 

Saponaria  officinalis,  466 

Saxifraga  Fortunei  and  its  allies,  589 

Scabious,  dwarf,  for  winter  work,  7S9 

Scarlet  and  crimson  Lilies,  564 

Schizopetalum  Walkeri.  19 

Schizosiylis  coccinea,  780 

Schmilz,  Mr.  H.,  48 

SciKNTiFir  Committed,  OBJECTS  shown* 

AT,  &c.  :— 
Araucaria  excelsa.  758 
Antirrhinum   majus  and  A.  Orontinn\ 

peloria  o(,  628 
Canadian  instrument  for  pressing  frtiit, 

628 
Catileya  Lodigesii,  36 
Cistus  ladanilerus,  86 
Corylus  colurna  with  foli.aceoiis  brac- 

teoles,  62S 
Cypripedium  speciosuni,  a  monstrous, 

623 
Daffodils.  86 

Digitalis  lutea  and  grandifljra,  86 
Early  linen  paper,  758 
Figs,  628 

Foliage  variegated,  758 
Fuchsia  wiih  petaliferoiis  sepals,  758 
Fungus  on  Mangos,  86 
Hybrid  Begonia,  628 
Ixia  bulb,  diseased.  628 
jasminum  odoraiissimum.  758 

Jerusalem  Artichoke  in  blossom,  628 
umping  seeds  from  Mexico,  6.8 
Malformed  Lily,  628 
Masdevallia    achrocordonia.   623  ;    lA. 

Dayana  ;  with  larvce,  758 
Mislleto  in  July,  86 
Monstrous  Orchid,  a,  628 
Narcissus,  photographs  of,  758 
Orchids,  drawings  of,  628 
Parmelia  esculenta,  758 
Pears,  fire-blight  in,  86 
Plants  from    the    Botanicil   Gardens, 

Cambridge,  628 
Primula  capiiata,  628 
Prehistoric  Wheat,  758 
Produce  of  plug-grafted  Potatos,  628 
Rhododendron   ponticum    var.    myrti- 

folium,  86 
Seakale  with  Sclerolia,  758 
Selenipedium  and  Uropedium.  86 
Sycamore  root,  hypertrophied,  628 
Tomatos  attacked  by  Pcronospora  in- 

festans,  628 
Veronica  ligusirifolia  { sal ici folia).  758 
Xiphion  reiiculatum,  diseased,  758 

Scotch  notes,    105,    174,  211,    263,  300, 

460.  555.  626 
Scotland,  mild  weather  in,  661 ;  Aronaria 

norvegica  in,  536 
Scottish     Arboricultural     Society,     209  ; 

Horticultural  Association,  83 
Secreting  glands  of  Chysis  aurea,  209  ; 

of  Oncidium  B.itemauianum,  84 
Sedura  reflexura,  proliferation  of,  727 
Seebpore  Botanic  Garden,  218 
Seed    and     cross-fertilisation,    Dafl'jdil, 

535  ;  farm.  a.  165  ;  groundi,   Bedfont, 

Feltham,     264  ;     harvest,     the,     397  ; 

report  on,  498  ;    Himalayan  Primrose, 

429 ;     prolonged      vitality     of,     274  ; 

saving  at  Forest  Hill,  438  ;  sowing,  time 

of,  182  ;  trade,  the,  135,  430.  j-jd 
Seeds,     germination     of,    439 ;     Grape, 

434  :     hybridised     Daffodil,    598  ;    of 

European  plants  in  the  tropics,  497  ; 

of  the  Vine,  germination  of  the,  423  ; 

testing.  787  ;  transmission  of.  from  the 

tropics,  756  ;    transported   by  insects, 

118  ;  vitahty  of.  7S6 
Selenipedium  Sedeni  x ,  596 ;  S.  caudatum, 

269 
Self-fertilisation  of  Epidendrum  variega- 

tum,  II 
Senecio   macroglossus,    662  ;    squalidus, 

83 
Sequoia,  cultivating  in  CaUforiiia,  409 
Sesamum  in  China,  338 
Sex  in  plants,  609 
Shrubs  at  Appley  Towers,  181 
Siara    Ginger.     150 ;     Tuak    wood    and 

paper-making  in.  328 
Singapore,  530 

Silene  ciliata,  82  ;  S.  Schafia,  521 
Silkworm  culture,  370 
Silloth,  development  of,  720 
Silphium  laciniatum,  270 
"  Skeleton  in  the  cupboard,"  the,  178 
Skeleton  leaves,  114 
Skin  of  the  leaf.  754 
Snapdragon  flowers  and  bees,  595 
Sneezewood  (Pteroxylon  utile),  715 


Snowy  Mespilus,  the,  488 

Societies.  American  Florists',  178  ;  Na- 
tional Chrysanthemum,  498,  722  ;  Royal 
Horticultural  of  Aberdeen,  721  ;  Scot, 
tish  ArboricuUural,  209:;  Royal  Botani^:- 
London,  209 ;  Calfdonian  Horticul- 
tural, 338  ;  Horticultural,  'i.^d  ;  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Certftcates,  19  ; 
meetings  of  the,  683 

Societies,  Rt;poRTS  of  Exhihitions  : 
Aberdeen  Chrysanthemum,  759 
Ascot  and  Sunninghill,  695 
Aylesbury,  83 
Banbury,  759 
Basingstoke.  283 
Bath,  Floral  Fete,  375  ;  Rose,  87 
Birmingham,  727 
Blackpool.  376 

Brackley,  217 

Brighton  and  Hove,  6g5  ;  and  Su'>sex, 

344 
Cheadle,  280 
Chiswick,  119,  696 
Chorley,  69O 
Clay  Cross,  216 
Cottagers"   show.    Royal   Horticultural 

Society,  279 
Cryptogamic  of  Sotland,  473 
Crystal  Pal  ice,   53,  472  ;    Clirysmthe- 
mum    show.   629 ;    Grand  National 
Dahlia  show,  343 
Devizes,  694 

Devon  and  Exeter,  313,  693 
Dundee,  374 

Filing.  Acton,  and  Hanwill,  83,  599 
Eastbourne,  697 

Edinburgh  Boianicil,  87.  664.  693,  793 
Exeter  Apple  and  Pear  Show,  567 
Feliham,  178 

Glasgow  and  West  of  Scotland,  377 
FLarpenden,  31 1 

Hastings  and  St.  Leonards.  249 
Highgate,  Fjnchley,  and  Hornsey,  599 
Hounslow,  313 

Hull  and  East  Riding.  119,  695 
Isle  ol  Wight.  690 
Kingston  and  Surbiton,  6^0 
Lambeth  Amateurs,  663 
Lewisham.  664 
Lincoln,  694 
Linnean,  817 

Liverpool,  -^zj  \  cottager^'  bhow.  ^-j 
Luton,  665,  472 
^^aidenhead,  281 
Maidstone,  3(0 
Manchester  Horticultural  Improvement, 

633 
Massachusetts,  755 
jMitlock  Bath,  216 
Moorpark,  344 
Narborough,    Enderley,    and    district, 

283 
National     Auricula,    Carnation,      and 

Picotee  Societies,  "j-^  \ 
National      Carnation      and       Picotee 

(Northern  Section),  248 
National    Chrysanthemum,    y;^,    504, 

S99.  631.  696,  759,  792 
National  Co-operative  flo»ver  sho.v,  the 

first,  280 
National  Gooseberry,  250 
National     Rose,    Ssuth     Kensington, 

5^  791 

Northampton,  185 

North  of  Scotland  Horticultural  Asso- 
ciation, 754,  814 
North  of  Scotland  Root.  663 
Nottingham   Horticultural  and    Bota- 
nical, 119 
Oxford  Carnation  and  Picotee  Union, 

185 
Oxford  Mills,  374 
Paisley,  377 
Pembrokeshire,  695 
Reading,  313,  664 
Richmond,  57 
Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural,   372, 

759 
Royal  Horticultural,  86.  215,  279,  341, 
407,   502,   565,   628,  758  ;  provincial 
show,  Liverpool,  21 
Royal  Jersey,  309 

Royal  Northern  Horticultural  of  Aber- 
deen, 374 
Ryde,  314 

Sandy  and  District,  314 
Scottish  ArboricuUural,  246 
Scottish  Horticultural,  83,  473  ;  Pansy, 

the,  27 
Sevenoaks,  310 

Shepperton.  56  ;  Shropshire,  309  ;  Sid- 
cup.  83  ;  Smithfield  Club,  759 
Southampton,  184,  663 
Stoke  Newington  and  Highbury,  662 
Stoke  upon  Trent,  313 
Taunton  Dene,  249 
Torquay  Rose.  56 
Trowbridge  282 
Tunbridge  Wells,  55 
Twickenham,  57 
Watford.  665 
Weston-super-Mare,  248 
West  Kent,  694 
Wilts  Horticultural,  183,  664 


Winchester,  695 

Woodside,  217 

Yeovil,  251 

York  Ancient  Florists',  697  ;  Gala,  25 

Soil  for  alpines.  520 

Solanum  Capsicaslrura,  535  ;  S.   tubero- 
sum, wild  forms  of,  746 
Sonerilas,  661 

Soup,  Edwards'  desiccated,  434,  785 
South  China,  botanical  rambles  in,  618 
Soy,  146 

Spain,  forestry  in,  532 
Sparrow,  the,  147 
Spary,  Mr,  Ed.,  720 
Spathoglottis  Angustorum,  104 
Specific  names  :  "i,"  "ii,"  or  "  ana,"  443 
Spinach  crop,  failure  of  the  winter.  657 
Spinach,  winter  treatment,  727  ;  crop,  the, 

7^9 
Spiranthes  Romanzaviana,  215,  340,  400. 

471,  563  ;  the  last  of,  423 
Spircea  bumalda  from    Ireland,  149;    S. 

Thunbergii,  558 
Spogel  seeds,  562 

Spruce,  Colorado,  621  ;  Himalayan  Hem- 
lock, hardiness  of.  in  Hants,  iiS 
Stake  and  clip,  new  combination,  51 
Stancliffe.  210 
StaticeSurt'orowi.  82 
Statistics    cf    harvests    and    meteorolo- 

gicil  phenomena,  106 
Stephanotis,    floriferous,    a,    3p;    fruit, 

150 
Stocks  for  Apples,  625 
Straits  Settlements,  the,  301 
Strawberry,    the,    523 ;    Hautbois.    692  ; 
Noble,   Laxton's.  75  ;  plants,  406  ;  litr 
forcing,  51  ;  Garibaldi,  dying  olT,  412  ; 
preparing  lor  forcing,  47  ;    The  Cap- 
^  tiin.  52 

Strawberries  at  Mereworih,  149;  out-of- 
doors.  535 
Straw  plait  mdustry.  Florence,  468 
Streptocarpus  Dunni.  625 
Sireptosolen  Jamesoni.  51 
Styrax  jipoaicum,  106 
Subjects  to  plant  in  a  heated  hou;e,  oo 
Subtropical  beds.  14 
Sutton  &  Sons",  Gloxinias  at,  173 
Summer  pinching  of  iruit  trees,  84 
Sunderland  parki,  curator,  the,  464 
Surplus  gard.-ners.  and  what  to  do  with 


the 


3*0 


S.vift-moth.  the  brown  or  small,  117 
Surrey.  Binanas  hardy  in.  306 
Swancliffe     Hall,    Yorkshire,    plants    in 

flower  at,  534 
Sweet  Brier  hedge,  245 
Sweet  WiUiam,  the,  244  ;  diseased  (Puc- 

cinia  dianihi),  569;   double  crimson, 

82 
Sweet's,  Mr.,  nursery.  Whetstone.  39]. 
Swiss  Society  of  Natural  Science.  275 
Sycamore,  red-fruited.  59 
Sydney  Gardens,  Bath,  43 


Tabern^montana  coroniria  and  other 
species,  75 

Tamarisk,  the,  338 

Taplow  Court,  229 

Taxodium  distichum,  148 

Tea,  insect  pests  of,  532 

"  Teas,  exeunt,"  467 

Teak  wood  and  paper-making  in  Siam, 
323 

Tecomi  radican?  var.  grandiflira,  470 

Temple  Newsome,  Vmei  at,  172 

Tendrils,  movement  of,  147 

Ten-week  Stock  Princess  Alice.  460 

Thermal  constant  of  vegetation,  observa- 
tions on,  214 

Thermometer,  Cent,  and  Fahr. ,  338 

Thinning  timber,  14 

Thomson,  Mr.  George,  338 

"  Three  acres,"  returns  Irora,  -^yj 

Three-anthered  Cattleya  Mossi.ie,  a,  11 

Thuia  gigantea,  207 

Thunbergia  mysorensis,  786 

Thysanotus  multiflorus,  83 

Tillandsiachrysostachvs,  623  ;  T.(Vriesia) 
regina,  599 

Timber,  method  of  preserving,  injapxa, 
230 

Time  of  seed  sowing,  182 

Tithes,  extraordinary,  82 

Tobacco,  424.  534  :  advantages  of,  218  ; 
Carter's  experiments.  242,  339  ;  cater- 
pillar on,  569  ;  crop,  handUng  the,  666  ; 
cultivation  and  the  Excise,  587  ;  culti- 
vation in  Devonshire,  330  ;  culture, 
789  ;  and  harvesting,  757  ;  experiments, 
274  ;  effects  of  on  land,  682,  749  ; 
growing,  467  ;  in  London,  146  ;  in 
Havana,  498  ;  in  Ireland,  242  ;  in 
Jersey,  554  ;  in  Borneo,  750  ;  in  North 
Wales,  456  ;  in  Salop,  339  ;  the  har- 
vest of,  400 
Tomato  Chiswick  Red,  726  ;  Sutton's 
Maiu  Crop,  2rs  ;  Tree,  689 

Tomatos,  647,  690 


Tonquin  Beans,  496 

Trade  notices,  621,  666,  691,  728,  787,  816 
Trap  to  catch  a  drop  of  water,  594 
Transplanting  large  trees,  781 
Tree  Ferns,  a  ramble  amongst,  13 
Tree,  a  memorial.  716  ;  planting  m  Hong 
Kong,    77  ;    Tomato,    the,    754  ;    and 
Granadilla,  689 
Trees  and  shrubs,   217,    231,    338,   395, 
494.    558.    779  :    as  fodder  for  stock, 
75t  ;    at    Devonhurst,    Chiswick,    133  ; 
Australian  and  New  Zealand  in  Arran, 
679  ;    commemorative,     176  ;    &c.,    in 
Canlyre,  Argyleshire,  714  ;  hard-wood, 
to  plant,  7S1  ;  in  the  wrong  place,  617  ; 
large,    at  Messrs.    Lucombe,    Pince  & 
Co.'s  nurseries,   Exeter,    232  ;     in  the 
Western    Highlands,    7x6  ;    protection 
of,    from  stock,  117;  stems,   covering, 
27  ;  transplanting,  7S1  ;  transplanting, 
niichine  for.  816 
Trentham  Gardens,  504 
Tresco,  558 
Trial  ground;  of  Messrs.    fa^ob  Wrench 

&  Sons,  651 
Tiichosma  suavis,  779 
Frichopilia  marginaia,  392 
Trientalis  europjea,  440 
Trimming  overgrown  evergreens,  492 
Tring  Park,  winter  flowers  at,  Sjg 
Trip  to  Chiriqui,  166,  200 
Trileleia  laxa,  83 

Iritomas,  730  ;  suggestion  about,  497 
Trondheim,  exhibition  at,  720 
Trop:eolum  Lobbianum,  406 
Tropical  fruits,  121  ;  products,  569 
Tropics,  seeds  of  European  plants  in  the, 

49; 
Tiuga  Brunoniana,  72.  500  :    T.  carolini- 

ana.  780  ;  T.  Pattoniana,  779 
Tuberoses,  40  ;  double  African,  505 
Tuberous     Begonias,     296  ;     Sotanums. 
wild  forms  of.  745  ;  Begonias  at  Stan- 
stead  Park  Nursery,  243 
Tulips,  121  ;  choice,  459  ;  late  flowering, 

19 
Tumours,  vegetable.  754 
Tunii  and  Tripoli,  vegetable  products  in, 

43*^ 
Turner's,  Mr.  C,  nursery,  Slough,  588 
Turnips.  371 

Tweed  Vineyards,  Clovenfords,  the,  105 
Twig.,  bent.  73j 


U 


UvA  grass  (Uiva  grass),  Zostera  marina, 
729 


Valr  Royal  Girdens,  439 

Valencia  and  Cordova,  Oranges  in,  15  ; 
Orange  crop  in,  467 

Vanda  Denisoniana  hebraica,  392  ;  V. 
Sanderiana,  331 

Vases,  embelUshing,  780 

Variegation,  439 

Vegetable  and  Iruit  crop  of  i'^86,  590  ; 
.products  of  Austro-Huigiry,  146; 
tumours,  754 

Vegetables  c^rcificated  by  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society.  750 

Vegetarianism.  687 

Vegetation  of  New  South  Wales,  459 

Veitch  &  Sons'  seed  grounds  at  Turn- 
ham  Green,  428 

Veitch,  R. ,  &  Sons'  plant  group  at 
Eveter.  775 

Veronica  chathamica,  82  ;  V.  parviflora, 
779;  V.  sahcornioides,  114;  salicifoha 
=  ligustrifoiia,  758' 

Victoria,  AuitraUa,  winter  -  flowering 
plants  in,  4(1 

Vine  disease  at  Diisseldorf,  691 

Vine  flowers,  Erineuni  on  the,  178  ;  ger- 
mination of  seeds  of,  423  ;  down  on  the 
leaves  of,  268  ;  manures,  426  ;  pruning, 
the  philosophy  of,  593 

Vines  and  Tomatos,  593  ;  Vines  at  Temple 
Newsome,  172  ;  diseased,  268  ;  for  a 
Peach-house,  505  ;  grafted,  564  ;  keep- 
ing Grapes  on,  791  ;  renovatmg,  367 

Vinery,  the,  367 

Vineries,  replanting,  12 

Vintage,  the,  752 

Violas  as  bedders,  118 

Violas,  white.  153 

Violet,  the  history  of  a,  722 

Violets,  270,  331 

Visit  of  the  cjueen    to    the   Edinburgh 

Exhibition,  263 
Vitality  of  Cycads,    145  ;  of  seed,    pro- 
longed, 274 
Vitis  Martinii,  77 


Walnut,  the  black,  6r6 
Wasp;,   37r,  406,  438,    501  ;  and   their 
habits,  692,  756 


V'lll 


The  Gardoners'  Chronic'c,] 


INDEX. 


Water  fungus  (Mitrula  paludosa),  12 
Weald,     the    (Messrs.'  C'heal's    nursery, 

&c,),  42. 
Webb  &  Sons'  Seed  and  flower  farms, 

454 
Wedncsbury,  new  park  at,  114 
Weed  heaps,  to  treat,  187 
Weeks"  fireplace  boiler,  788 
Wellingtonia  gigantea  at    Rridge   Hall, 

Bury,  18 
Wheat,  prehistoric,  808 
Wells,  hot,  658 
West  African  settlements,  153 
Western  North  America.  the'Larches  of, 

652 
Wheat  crops  of  1886,  the,  554 
Whortleberry  wine,  651 
Widdringtonia  juniperoides,  715 


Wild  fruits,  278 

Willersley  Castle,  Cromford,  440 

Williams.  Mr.  B.  S.,  and  the  parks, 
176 

Williams',  Orchids  at  Mr.  B.  S.,  649 

Window  plants  and  their  arrangement, 
691  ;  ledges,  embellishing,  780 

Wine,  copper  in,  593 

Winter  Cabbage  Lettuce,  Butterhead 
(new).  472 

Winter  flowering  Carnations  and  Picotees, 
494 

W      aston,  on  Apospory,  84 

Wl  1,  growth  of,  dependent  on  me- 
lt lological  factors,  409  ;  improved 
method  of  preserving,  230  ;  ripening 
the,  49') 

Woodlawn,  Didsbury, 


Woods  at  the  late  Colonial  Exhibition, 

715 
Wood's  nursery,  Rouen,  458 
Workmen's  gardens,  some,  231 
Wrench,  Messrs.  J.  &  Sons',  trial  grounds 

of,  651 


XANTMOCiiRAS  sorbifolia,  204,  245 


Yams  in  the  West  Indies,  403 

Year,  prospects  of  the,  112  ;  the  work  of 


Y.  How  wood,  716 

Yorkshire,  plants  which  flowered  late  in, 

790 
Young  gardeners'  competition  for  Prizes, 

17,  176,  199,  235.  266 
Yucca  brevifolia,  paper  pulp  from,  18 


Zamia  integrifolia,  146 
/enobia  speciosa,  106 
/innia  elegans  robusta  grandifiora  plenis- 

sima,  460 
Zoospore,  birth  of  an  ovularian,  815 


y 


1ST 


OF 


J 


LLUSTRATIONS. 


Abies  Lowiana,  752,  753  ;  A.  Pinsapo, 
male  flowers,  9 

Agaricus  canipes  r's,  492,  493 

Amorphophallus  ti  anum,  432,  433 

Arddarroch  (see  Supplement,  Novem- 
ber 13) 

Ardisia  japonica,  233 

Aristolochia  ridicula,  361  ;  A.  salpinx, 
457 

Aster  Comet,  809 

Azalea  occidt  ntalis,  105 


Bayfordbury,  Cedars  at,  521 

Begonia,  tuber  of,  198 

Black  Walnut,  617 

Bleiia  verecunda,  141 

Boiler,     the     Trentham,     149 ;     Weeks 

Fireplace,  788,  789 
Box  for  postal  transit  of  honey,  404 
Broccoli,  the  Leadsham,  524 
Broxbourne,  the  rockery  at,  713,  717 
Bulb  section,  201 


Calandra  Sommeri  (an  Orchis  weevil), 

300 
Campanula  Allioni,    13  ;    C.  persicifolia, 

Backhouse's  var.,  529 
Capparis  spinosa,  557 
Carpenteria  cahfornica,  113 
Cattleya  calummatax,  525 
Cattleya  Mossias.  401 
Cedars  at  Bayfordbury,  521,  553 
Celery  fly,  the,  443  ;  fungus,  757 
Centaurea  macrocephala,  169 
Chelsea,  the  Cedar  at,  337  ;  the  statue 

of  Sir  Hans  Sloane  at,  333 
Chrysanthemum  maximum,  273  ;  C.  uli- 

ginosum,  265 
Chrysogonum  virginianum,  681 
Clematis    Jackmani    alba     (see   Supple- 
ment. October  \t) 
Clerodendron  nutans,  689 
Ccelogyne  Dayana,  44 
Conifers,   group  of  Barron's,   shown  at 

Liverpool,  369 
Conservatory  at  Sandringham,  39^ 
Cordyline  australis  at  Greenock,  585 
Corylus  colurna,  male  flower  with  leafy 

bractlets,  692 
Crocus  corms,  62S 
Crataegus    pinnatilida    var.    major    (tar- 

tarica),  620 
Cucumbers,  diseased,  53 
Currants,  red  and  white,  on  same  bunch, 


Dahlia  viridiflora,  429 

Dendrobium  Phalrenopsis,  556  ;  D.  stra- 

tiotes.  177  ;  D.  Wiliiamsianum,  173 
Disease  of  Larch  and  Pine  seedlings,  19 
Diseased  Cucumbers,  53 
Dry  rot,  629 


Eaton  Hall  (see  Supplement,  July  3) 
Euphorbia  grandidens,  721 


Ferula  glauca  at  Chelsea,  332 
Fruit  tree  shoot,  summer-pruned,  8 
Fuchsia  in  the  Isle  of  Man,  397 
Fungus,  orange,  on  Roses,  76,  77 


Gesnera,  tuber  of,  198 
Gloxinias,  Heinemann's  new,  589 
Grevillea  sulphurea,  469 
Gunnera  scabra  at  Totteridge,  425 


H 

Helminthosporium  echinulatum,  245 
Holly  Lodge,  Highgate,  237 
Honey  extractor.  180  ;  under  the  micro 
scope,  533 


r^ettuce,  Butterhead,  472 
Lodoicea  seychellarum,  18 1 


M 


Cypripedium  Morganae,   2 
biens,  semi-double,  405 
Cypripediums,  monstrous,  308,  309 


super- 


JUGLANS  nigra.  617 


Kisu,  or  Irish  Potato  basket,  749 


Larch  seedlings,  disease  of,  19 
Larix  Grifftthii,  4^5 
Leaf-cutter,  sawfly,  59 


Masdevallia  Dayana.  428 
Mina  lobata,  684,  685 
Mignonette.  Canneli's  new.  735 
Mitrula  paludosa,  a  water  fungus.  12 
Moor  Park,  297 

Moth   and  pupae,    the    Swift,    or    small 
brown,  117 


Nannorrhops  Ritchieana,  652,  653 
Narcissus  bulbs,  proliferous.  373 


Oats,  disease  of,  172 

Odontoglossum      vexillarium     (Douglas 

plant  of),  145 
Olearia  macrodonta,  305  ;  O.  nitida,  45 
Oncidium.   proliferous    inflorescence    of. 

621 
Orange  coccus  parasite,  565 
Orange,  scaly  rinded,  a,  780 
Oxalis  hirla,  tuber  of,  201  ;  O.  purpurea, 

tuber  o',  201 


P.-rONIA  Broteri,  49 
Pandanus  variegatus,  657 
Papaver  pavoninum,  329 
Parmelia  esculenta.  758 
Passiflora  Watsoniana,  648  649 
Peach,  summer  pinching  of,  85 
Phaius  Humbloti.  173 
Phalcenopsisamabilisgrandiflora,  213  ;  P. 

Aphrodite  amabilis,  213  ;  P.  speciosa, 

277 
Phyteuma  comosum,  81 
i^ine  seedlings,  disease  of,  19 
Pinus  edulis,  301  ;  P.  monophylla,  137 
Plan  of  a  public  park  (prize  plan  at  the 

Liverpool  show}.  396 
Polygonum  sachalinense,  813 
Pontederia,  root  of,  236 
Poppy  affected  by  fungus,  140 
Potato  basket  or  kish,    749  ;    pot,   749  ; 

spade,  749 
Pothos  aurea,  fasciated  root  of,  724 
Pot  lor  boiling  Potatos,  Irish,  749 
Primula  hirsuta.  Allioni,  593 
Primula  Reidi,  693 
Puccinia  buUata,  757 
Pynaert,  Edward,  777 


Rose,  orange  fungus  on  the,  76,  77 
Rubus  phcenicolasius,  365 


Salvia  aurea,  745 

Sandringham,  conservatory  at,  393 

Selenipedium  caudatura.  monstrous  form 
of,  269 

Selenipedium  Sedeni,  peloriate  flower 
of,  597 

Slug,  the  shell-bearing.  602 

Snowy  Mespilus,  the,  489 

Spade  for  cultivating  Potatos,  Irish,  749 

Spiranthes  Romanzoviana,  400 

Stancliffe,  the  rockery  at  (see  Supple- 
ment, August  14) 

Stock,  perpetual  Ten-week,  Princess 
Alice,  460 

Strelitzia,  cross  section  of  rootstock,  236 


Taxodium.  proliferous  cone  of,  148 
Tree  Ferns  at  Tresco,  561 
Trientalis  europ?ea,  roots  of,  440 
Tsuga  Brunoniana.  73,  501  ;  T,  carolini- 

ana,  781 
Tuberose  field  in  Natal,  41 


Vritci!,    R.,  &    Son's   plant  group   at 
Exeter  (see  Supplement,  December  18) 
Vines  diseased,  368 


W 

Walnut,  black,  617 
Weeks'  fireplace  boiler,  788,  789 
Wellingtonia  gigantea  at  Bury,  i; 
Wheat,  prehistoric,  808 


Xanthoclras  sorbifolia,  fruit  of.  205 
Xaalhochymus  pictorius,  340,  341 


Zinnia  elegans  robusta  grandifiora  plenis- 

sima,  461 
Zoospore,  birth  of  an  ovularian,  815 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstablisiljeli  1841. 


No.  653.— Vol.  XXVI.  {sSf.Es.}         SATURDAY,  JULY  3,  li 


Registered  at  the  General  )      PriVn    'iri 
5„=,.„«;.,  ,c  ,  Newspaper.  >-     '^'^^'^^    O"- 

1^^    )  Post-free,  54^ 


Post-o6B. 
I    WITH     SUPPLE 


CONTENTS. 


Abies  Pindrow 

,,    Pinsapo 
Belgian  horticulturists,  c 


Colonial  exhibition  8, 

Colonial  notes— 

nbie  amongst  Tree 


Zealand 


crystallii 


Ferns,    N 
Cottonia  pedu 
Dendrubi 
Disease  of  Larch  and  Pine 

seedlings 18     Plants  and  their 

Eaton  Hall 

Epidendrum     vai  iegatum, 

self-fertilisation  of 

Florists'  flowers     . . 
Flower  garden,   the 

Forestry 

Gardeners' Chronicle  prizes 


Kitchen  garden,  the 


Liverpool,  round  .. 
Liverpool  Show,  the 
Nitrate   of  soda  prize,  i 


8    Nursery  notes— 
BegoniasatMes! 

&  Co.'s.. 
Gloxinias      at      Messrs. 

Hooper  &  Co.'s 
Herbaceous    Pa;onies  at 

Messrs.      Kelway      & 

Odontoglossumvexillarium 
Orchid  houses,  the 
,,     Conference    .. 

Otterspool 

Peach-wall  covers 

Plants,    new    certificated, 
during  the  last  half  year 
1 1     Protea  cynaroides . . 
19     Royal    Horticultural     So- 

13  ciety's  Certificates 

14  Schizopelalum  Walkeri  .. 

Royal  Horticultural  So- 
16  ciety  at  Liverpool     .. 

19        Scottish  Pansy  .. 
8        York  Gala 

15  I  Tulips,  late..         .. 
19  I  Vineries,  replanting 

10  I  Water  fungus,  a  ;  Mitrula 

16  paludosa 

Wellingtonia  gigantea     . . 

18  ;  Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Abies  Pinsapo,  male  flowers       .. 
Campanula  Allioni. . 
Disease  of  Larch  and  Pine  Seedlings  . . 
Eaton  Hall  (see  Supplementary  Sheet) 
Water  Fundus,  a,  Mitrula  paludosa    .. 
Wellingtonia  gigantea 


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'  To  the  Trade  Only. 

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•  Holland,  have  just  Published  their  Wholesale  CATA- 
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Flower  at  Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S  Establishment, 
536.  King's  Road.  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

RIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 

— Seventeenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
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Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS",  in  pots,  ii.  id  ,  ai.,  to  21.  6d. 
each.    The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

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PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 
—  Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.  First-cl.ass 
strains  (still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
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WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham  ; 
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Now  Ready. 

TEA  and   NOISETTE    ROSES,     in    Pots, 
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beautiful.    Descriptive  LIST  and  advice  free. 

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Hyacluths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

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pARNATION  "PRIDE  of  PENSHURST." 

V^  -The  most  beautiful  yellow  ( First-class  Certificate  Royal 
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suitable  (or  either  pot  culture  or  borders,  perfectly  hardy,  farces 
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INTS  on   the    IMMEDIATE    BEAUTI- 

FVING  of  GARDENS.    See  Herbaceous,  Alpine  and 
Bedding  Plant  LISTS,  free  on  application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Worcester. 


F 


OR      SALE,     Three    Large   Plants   of 

FICUS  ELASTICA,  8  feet  high,  stems  7  inches  round, 
th  fine  heads  :  would  move  well.     Apply  to 

J.  LANCASTER,  39,  Lime  Tree  Vulas,  Plaistow,  E. 


FOR  SALE,  MYATT'S  EARLY  OFFEN- 
HAM  CABBAGE  SEED,  saved  from  stems  carefully 
selected.  This  splendid  strain  is  unequalled  as  an  early 
Cabbage.  New  Seed  of  good  growth,  5r.  per  lb.  Special 
quotations  for  Urge  quantities.     Apply  to 

C.  MYaTT,  Harvington,  Evesham. 

EESON'S    MANURE   is   the  best  for  all 

Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2j.  6J.,  5J.  W  , 
and  105.  id.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  i3t.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

WISE  AND  RIDES  beg  to  inform  Senders 
that  they  now  have  special  facilities  for  the  SALE  of 
BEANS,  CUCUMBERS.  TOMATOS,  GRAPES,  MUSH- 
ROOMS, &c  Also  for  EUCHARIS,  Maiichal  Niel  ROSES, 
and  other  CHOICE  CUT  FLOWERS. 

WISE   AND    RIDES,    Fruit    and    Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 
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SQUELCH  AND  B  aTrI^  HAM, 
North  Row,  CoventGarden,  London, W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  tine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &c. 

SQ  U  E  L  C  H         AND         BArTn  H  A  M, 
giving  personal  attention    to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH        AND        B  A  R  N  H  A  M. 
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BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 

ANTED,      PANDANUS      VEITCHII 

CUTTINGS. 
G.  PHIPPEN,  Nurseryman,  Reading. 


w 


s 


UTTON'S     FLORISTS'    FLOWER 

SEEDS,  post-free. 


SUTTON'S  CALCEOLARIA.     The  Best. 
"I  have  taken  rst   Prize  for  Calceolaiias  grown  from  the 
seed  I  got  from  you.     It  is  the  be:t  strain  I  ever  saw.     This  is 
the  second  year  in  succe-sion  tljat  plants  from  your  seed    have 
taken  istPnze  here."— Sir  A.   E     Ramsay.  Bart.,  Cheltenhdin. 
Price,  ij.  6(i'.  and  51.  per  Packet,  post-free. 

UTTON'S  CI NERaIua!  The  Best. 

*'  I  raised  118  plants  from  a  packet  of  Cineraria  seed  sup- 
plied by  your  firm.     Some  ol  ihe  plants  measure  2  feet  7  inches 
Irom  tip  to  lip  of  the  leaves.     The  colours  are  splendid." — Mr. 
W.  Ward,  Gardener  to  the  Hon.  A.  G.  Campbell.  Bracknell. 
Price,  2s.  6d.  and  gj.  per  Packet,  post-free. 

OUTTON'S  PRIMULA.  The  Best. 

O  ••  The  Primulas  I  raised  from  your  seed  (Special  Hybrid) 
have  been  magnificent,  ihe  flowers  being  beautifully  fringed,  and 
the  colours  of  the  most  beautiful  shades.*'— Mr.  C.  H.  WiisT, 
Gardener  to  H.  Stubbs,  Esq  ,  Nuneaton. 

Price,  2f.  (td.  and  5J  per  Packet,  post-free. 

SUTTON  AND  SONS,  Seedsmen,  by  Royal 
Warrants,  to  H.M.  the  Quern,  and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  Reading. 

Specialties. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY, 
Lion  Walk,  Colchester. 
IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  CATTLEVAS,  DISA  GRANDl- 
FLORA,  ODONTOGLOSSUM  VE.XILLARIUM,  COOL 
ORCHIDS,  of  sorts;  LILIUM  AURATUM,  BULBS  of  all 
kinds,  Haroy  and  Half-hardy;  North  American  LILIES 
and  HARDY  PLANTS. 

Importers,  Exporters,  Plant  Merchants. 

LEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 

The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  strong  j-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  alL 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 
Other  Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS,   in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  bhade,  from  pure  while  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  i2r.  to  14J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  appUcation.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

NARCISSUS. —  All   the   best   varieties   for 
cutting  and  for  evety  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  Trade  offer,  which  may  be  had  upon  application. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,   H.,le    Farm    Nurseries,    Tottenham, 

CHOICE  FERNS.— Maidenhair,  Moonwort, 
Crested  Lady-Fem,  Royal  Fern.  Crested  Hart's-tongue, 
Ceterach.  Marinum  and  Aemua.  The  eight  species,  aj.  6</., 
free.    CATALOGUE  sa". 

KELLY,  Ballyvaughan,  Clare. 

East  Lotblan  Intenneillate  Stacks. 

THOMAS     METHVEN     AND     SONS 
cffer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,    in  five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson.and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
IS.,  IS.  6(/,.  &.  55.  each  colour.  Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh 

OSES     IN     POTS.—  Her     Majesty,     the 

Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  AH  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  isr.  to  36^. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  elegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high,  4J.  per  dozen,  25^.  per  100.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaging  20  inches  high.  us. 
per  dozen  ;  less  quantity,  is.  j,d.  each.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-free.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  HUl.  London,  N. 

PRIMULA,  Double  White,  45^.  per  100; 
BOUVARDIAS.  Double  and  Single,  m  eight  best  market 
varieties,  absolutely  clean,  aos.  per  los.  t>oth  strong  in  thumbs. 
For  cash  only. 

ROBERTS  BROTHERS,  East  Grinstead. 

PALM  S. —  Four  Thousand,  in    thumbs, 
4,  and  5  leaves,  £i  is.  per  loo, 
CORYPHA  AUSTRALIS,  I         COCOS  PLUMOSA, 
LATANIA  BORBONICA,  |         ARECA  SAPIDA. 
Apply  to  J.  BAGG.  Hanwell  Nursery.  Hanwell,  Middlesex. W. 

To  the  Trade. 
RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples  of 
•  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  on 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


LOVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  OQ  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  3*/. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLH. 


(July  3,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Tuesday  Next. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  AI.EXANDK.l.. 
CAITLEVA  SANDKKIANA 
Collected  and  sent  home  direct  by  Mr,  F.  Mari. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEKOE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheanside,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  Julv  6, 
at  half.past  la  o'clock  precisely,  1030  ODONTOGLOSSUM 
ALKXANDR^,  including  many  line  pieces;  and  100  CAIT- 
LRYA  SANIJERIANA,  some  of  the  masses  having  ten  to 
thirty  liulbs,  the  whole  received  in  splendid  condition. 
On  view  mornine  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
AliRIDES  GODKFKOYANUM.  new  sp. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS, 
will  include  in  their  SALE  on  TUESDAY  N  e  YT. 
July  6,  55  strong  plants  of  AERIDES  GODEFROYANUM. 
new  sp.  described  by  Professor  Reichenbach  in  Ca-driurs' 
Chronicle.  June  v6  List,  p.  814  ;  also  CYPRIPEDIUM  CON- 
COLOR  var.  KONKINENSE.  C.  REGNIERII  in  bloom. 
C.  CAUDATUM  WARSCEWIEZII.  C.  SELLIGERUM 
MAJUS,  in  bloom.  C  VEITCHII,  in  bloom.  PHAL^NOP- 
SIS  ANTENNIFERA.  EPIDENDRUM  ARACHNO- 
GLOSSUM  ALIiUM,  &c.,  nlsothe  CoVection  of  Established 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E,  the  property  of  C. 
M.  Satow,  Esq  .  of  Clapton,  who  is  giving  up  their  culture. 
Amongst  these  will  be  found  many  very  fine  varieties  and  a  few 
other  species. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  by 
order  of  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  a  quantity  of 
COOL  ORCHIDS  from  Oceana,  including  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM PESCATOREf,  O.  BLANDUM.  O.  HASTI- 
LABIUM,  and  others  ;  CATTLEYA  TRIAN/E  from  Ibague  ; 
ADA  AURANTIACA.  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalrgues  had. 

Friday  Next. 
CATTLEYA  GIGAS  SANDERIANA. 
5000  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Co.,  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  S.ale  Rooms,  67  and 
63,  Cheapside,  E.C  ,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  9,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  grand  importation  of  this  fine 
CATTLEYA,  collected  just  after  flowering,  some  of  the  spikes 
having  been  noticed  to  carry  six  and  seven  flowers  :  also  about 
aooo  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E,  from  a  new 
locality  in  the  Parho  district  ;  some  splendid  species  of  O. 
KI.ANDUM,  O.  LUTEO-PURUREUM.  O.  HASTILA- 
BIUM,  O.  CORONARIUM.in  grand  condition;  and  others, 
selected  fine  vaiielies  of  MASDEVALLIA  HARRYANA, 
marked  in  flower,  &c.;  with  other  COOL  ORCHIDS. 
Oq  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday.  July  13. 

CATTLEYA  SANDERIANA. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALE.XANDR/E,  established. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Shuttle^orth,  Carder  &  Co. 
10  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  July  13,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely.  200  plants  of  CATTLEYA 
SANDERIA^IA,  just  received  in  splendid  masses  and  fine 
condition,  having  good  dormant  eyes.  Also  iro  lots  of  estab- 
lished ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDRA  (guaranteed 
unfiowered)  of  the  very  best  type  ;  and  other  ORCHIDS. 
On  view  marning  of  Sale.  a.  d  Catalogues  had. 


Furze  Down  Park,  Tooting  Common,  S.W. 
PRELIMINARY. 
IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  CHOICE  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    Valuable  ORIHIDS. 
&c. .    by  order  of  Charles  Seely,  Esq.,  who  is  leaving  the 
neighbourhood. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  to  SK  LL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  2t, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  whioe  of  the  VALUABLE  COL- 
LECTION of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
including  many  handsome  specimen  plants,  beautiful  Palms  and 
Tree  Ferns,  Specimen  Camellias  and  Azaleas,  Established 
Orchids,  many  fine  e.-iaroples  of  Greenhouse  Rhododendrons, 
Garden  Utensils,  S:c. 

May  be  viewed  the  day  piior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  may 
be  had  of  Mr.  R.  Laing.  the  Head  Gardener,  on  the  Premises  ■ 
and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside^ 
London,  K.C. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7184 ) 
IMPORIED  ORCHIDS  from  Colombia,  Mexico,  Brazil,  &c 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street 
Covent  Garden,  WC.  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  10^7  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  lot  of  ODONTOGLOS- 
SUM CRISPUM  (best  type),  O.  VEXILLARIUM,  CAT- 
Vi'A^.iS^^'^^^'^^-  '^-  GIGAS,  ONCIDIUMS,  and  other 
ORCHIDS,  all  in  the  best  possible  condition,  from  Messrs 
Shuttleworlh  &  Co.  ;  fine  masses  of  LiELIA  ANCEPS,  l' 
AUTUMNALIS,  L.  SPECIE  (supposed  new),  PARKERIA 
ELEGANS,  ODONTOGLOSSUMS  in  variety  LYCASTES 
&c.,  from  Mexico.  Also  a  fine  lot  of  L^LIA  PERRINIl' 
^,?^Wi-^^^  WALKERIANA,  C.  BICOLOR,  ONCll 
DIUMS,  &c.,  from  Brazil. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next  -(Saie  No.  7.85.) 
VALUABLE  IMPORTATIONS  OF  ORCHIDS 

IV/rR-    J-     C.    STEVENS    will     SELL    by 

iTX  AUtJTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Stree!, 
Covent  Garden  W.C.,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  8 
at  half  past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sandfr 
?-"«"'-Ji?ri'>?r''L°.'P,?,9'°'"'^  VARICOSUM  ROGERSII, 
's^Tl^^^^  HARRISONII  (fine  masses),  MILTONIA 
npr'lr',n''-"-^.'i  AERIES  ROSEUM,  and  many  other  fini 
SUM^aEeXaIIj^dSTiI  fl^er.""""  °'  ODONTOGLOS- 
On  view  morning  o(  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

M       Special  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flo'wer. 
R.   J.   C.   STEVENS    begs   to  announce 

R  ^  Sh'  i"'  ^■F^'^  ^t^\  "'  ORCH  ids,  in  Flower  and 
Bud,  will   uke   place  at  his   Great  Rooms,   38     Kina  Street 

iTh'  ?';■,'?; "'f-  0°  Wednesday;  juiy  ,4? and  he 

will  be  glad  if  Gentlemen  desuous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS 


Cardlflf. 

SALE  of  FLORIST'S  aod  MARKET  GARDENER'S 

BUSINESS. 

MR.  W.  COURTENAY  CLARKE  is  in- 
structed to  OFFER  for  SALE  by  TENDER,  a-;  a 
going  concern,  subject  to  conditions,  the  BUSINESS  of  Mr. 
William  Thomas,  6,  Crockherbtown,  Cardiff,  and  Whitchurch, 
Seedsman,  Florist,  and  Market  Gardener.  The  shop  is  situated 
in  the  best  part  of  the  important  town  of  Cardiff,  and  possesses 
every  accommodation  for  the  carrying  on  of  an  extensive  business. 
In  the  rear  are  large  and  well-constructed  Hothouses,  fitted  with 
every  appliance  and  stocked  with  a  choice  selection  of  Plants. 
A  Lease  of  the  Premises  may  be  obtained  at  a  rental  of  £160  a 
year,  tenant  paying  rates  and  taxes.  The  Garden  and  Ground 
at  Whitchurch  (near  Cardiff)  have  been  under  careful  cultiva- 
tion for  a  long  period,  and  are  well  supplied  with  Fruit,  Shfubs, 
Flowers  and  Ornamental  Trees.  The  rent  of  the  Gardens  at 
Whitchurch  is  £44  per  annum  The  Sale  presents  a  capital 
opportunity  to  any  Florist  and  Gardener  desirous  of  obtaioing 
an  old-established  business  on  favourable  terms.  Separate 
Tenders  must  be  delivered  to  the  Broker  for  the  business,  which 
is  offered  in  the  following  Lots  :— Lot  i  —Goodwill,  Green- 
houses. Shop  Fixtures,  Trade  Plant.  Utensils,  and  Stock,  at  No. 
6,  Crockherbtown.  Lot  2.— Book  Debts,  amounting,  as  per 
Schedule,  to  ^346  us  2d.  Lot  3.— Stock  of  Fruit,  Plants,  and 
Shrubs,  at  Whitchurch.  The  Broker,  on  behalf  of  the  vendors, 
reserves  to  himself  the  right  of  accepting  the  highest  aggregate 
Tender  for  Lots  i  and  2,  and  would  point  out  that  by  acquiring 
the  Book  Debts  the  purchaser  of  the  business  will  in  a  large 
measure  secure  the  valuable  connection  already  formed. 
Schedules  of  the  Stock.  Plant,  Trade  Utensils,  and  Book  Debts 
may  be  seen  at  the  Office  of  the  Broker,  to  whom  all  Tenders 
must  be  delived  on  or  before  July  13,  1886. 

For  further  particulars  application  may  be  made  to  F.  C. 
GOODCHILD,  Esq  ,  35,  Old  Jewry,  London,  or  to  the  Broker, 
at  his  Office. 

4.  Crockherbtown.  Cardiff.  June  21,  1886, 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited. 
Have  a  large  and  fine  stock  of 
EAST  INDIAN,   MEXICAN,   and  other  ORCHIDS  :   and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  fresh   Importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  also  of  fresh  importa- 
tions as  received,  forwarded  on  application. 

The  Company  have  also  a  large  stock  of  TEA  and  other 
ROSES  inputs.  GRAPE  VINES,  FERNS.and  other  ORNA- 
MENTAL  PLANTS. 

LISTS  with  futi  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD   and   NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,   LIVERPOOL. 
address  for  TELEGRAMS—"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 

FOR  DISPOSAL,  a  FLORIST  and  JOB- 
BING business,  6  mUes  from  Marble  Arch.  Eight 
Greenhouses  planted  with  Cucumbers  and  Tomatos,  three 
Frames.  In  all  over  4000  feet  super,  %  acre  of  Land,  good 
eight-roomed  House.  Ten  years'  lease  ;  rent  jCs°-  Price  for 
Stock,  Fixtures,  &c.,  ;62oo. 

Apply.  J.  L..  42,  The  Grove,  Ealing,  Middlesex. 

OR   SALE,    a    FLORIST'S    BUSINESS, 

close  to  Park  Station,  G.E.R.,  consisting  of  Freehold 
Plot  of  Ground,  frontage  60  feet,  depth  150  feet.  Two  45  feet 
Houses,  fitted  with  3  foot  6  inch  Saddle  Boiler,  and  4-inch 
Hot-water  Pipes.  Houses  and  Ground  well  stocked,  and  in 
good  going  condition.     Personal  application  only  to 

SAM.  COOPER,  6,  Heybourne  Road,  Park  Station, 
Tottenham,  London. 

FOR  DISPOSAL,  in  a  thriving  market  town, 
within  15  miles  of  London,  an  old-established  NURSERY 
BUSINESS,  with  good  Dwellinghouse  and  Seed  Shop 
attached.     Terms  very  moderate. 

Apply  to  A.  B.,  9t,  Gr.icechurch  Street,  City,  EC. 


FOB 


SALE. 


NURSERY  AND  SEED  BUSINESS. 

ryUE     OLD-ESTABLISHED     NURSERY 

-L  and  SEED  BUSINESS,  so  successfully  carried  on  for 
upwards  of  60  yea.s  by  THOMAS  IMRIE  and  SONS.  AYR. 

The  Nursery  Grounds,  extending  to  abiut  45  acres,  adj  >io 
the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  and  there  are  commodious  premises  for  carrying 
on  the  Seed  Business.  The  Business  may  be  Sold  either  as 
one,  or  Nursery  and  Seed  separately  :  and  is  being  disposed  of 
solely  on  account  of  Mr.  Imrie's  '  '  .... 

Further   particulars  00   applic 
AND  SONS.  Ayr,  N.B  — June  11,  iBao. 

TO  LET. — Gardeners  with  a  little  capital 
can  hire  in  the  country  a  nice  COTTAGE,  with  Garden, 
3  Greenhouses  and  Pit,  and  as  much  Land  as  required.  All  in 
good  order,  and  in  a  healthy  part  of  Essex. 

Apply  to  J.  SMITH,  1 2j,  Southgale  Road,  Islington,  N. 
B  E  R  K  S" 

TO      BE      LETOR      SOLD, 

as  a  thorough  ^oing  concern, 

A  NURSERY, 

Comprising  2H  acres,  about  <;o  miles  from  London, 

with  Shop  in  Market  Place. 

Good    Dwelling    House,     Greenhouse,     Frames,    &c. 

For  particulars,  apply  to  J     FLOOD,    57,   Albert  Street, 

Mornington  Crescent,  London,  N.W. 

To  Florists,  &c. 

TO  LET  on  LEASE,  with  Option  of 
Purchase.  Goodwill  and  Possession,  of  an  old  ESTA- 
BLISHED BUSINESS.  Eleven  spacious  Greenhouses, 
quantity  of  Pits,  Ike.  Heated  with  Hot-water.  Good  Local 
Trade  with  Covent  Garden.  Stands,  Vans,  Carts,  &c.  Cottages 
in  Nursery  if  required.  Incoming  low  to  immediate  purchaser. 
Satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving. 
RICH    BIGGS.  The  Nurseries,  LewUham. 

Fifty  NuTfleiiea,  Market  aardena.  Florist  and  Seed 

BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL  REGISTER  contains  full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
t7  and  es,  Cheapside,  London,  £.0. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
GRAND    ROSE    SHOW,    by    the    NATIONAL    ROSE 
SOCIETY,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY,  July  6. 

Doors  open  at  i  o'Clock.  Admission  is.,  which  includes 
entrance  to  the  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition. 

R  i  G  H  T^O  N         AQ  U  A  R  I  U  M  . 

GRAND      ROSE     EXHIBITION,     FRIDAY     and 
SATURDAY,  July  9  and  10.     Schedules  on  application  to 
J.  WILKINSON.  Manager  and  Secretary. 

C^RAND  ROSE  SHOW, 
T  Norwich,  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  July  it 
and  t4  (during  visit  of  Royal  Agricultural  Society).  ONE 
HUNDRED  and  FIFTY  POUNDS  offered  in  PRIZES,  in- 
cluding Roses,  72  vars..  ^10  ;  48  vars..  £s  5'-  :  3^  »ar5.  (ama- 
teurs), £5  $s. — 83  classes  in  all.     Entries  close  July  8, 

ARTHUR  W.  PRESTON,  Hon.  Secretary. 
Bank  Plain,  Norwich.  _ 

OTTINGHAM  HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 

The  GRAND  FLOWER  SHOW  and  HORTICULTURAL 
EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  Mapperley  Park,  Nottingham, 
on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  July  14  and  15. 

ONE  HUNDRED  and  FIFTY  POUNDS  and  Special 
Prizes.     Entries  Close,  July  7. 

Schedules  and  all  information  may  be  obtained  from 

=,  Exchange  Row,  Nottingham. E-  STEWARD.  S^^ 

rULL,     EAST     RIDING, 


N 


HULL,  EAST  RIDING,  and  NORTH 
LINCOLNSHIRE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
A  GRAND  HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBITION  will  be 
held  in  the  Hull  Botanic  Gardens,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  July  14,  15,  and  16.  Upwards 
of  TWO  HUNDRED  GUINEAS  in  Money  Prizes,  besides 
Gold  and  Silver  Medals.     Schedules  and  particulars  of 

PHILIP  MAC  MAHON,  Curator. 
Hull  Botanic  Gardens. 

The  following,  ammgit  other  valuable  Prizes,  will  be 
awarded  :  —  Group  of  Ten  Stove  and  Greenho  jse  Plants  in 
bloom  (Orchids  excluded),  and  Six  Ornamental.  Fine-foliage  or 
Variegated  Plants,  distinct  varieties,  ist  Prize.  jCts  and  the 
Society's  Gold  Medal  ;  ad  Prize,  /lo  ;  3d  Prize,  £s- 

SHREWSBURY  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held 
on  THURSDAY,  July  ts.     Open  Prizes  for  72  varieties, 


^'O,  £i,  ia.  and  others 


Schedule  from 
H.  JONES,  and 
GEO  TOWNSEND. 


Hon.  Sei 


ROSE     SHOW    at     MANCHESTER, 
JULY  17. 
For  Schedules  apply  to  the  undersigned. 

BRUCE  FINDLAY. 
Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Manchester. 

B""   EDFORDSHIRE  AGRICULTURAL 

SOCIETY'S    SHOW    at    Luton,  on  WEDNESDAY. 
July  at. 

A  GRAND  SHOW  of  FLOWERS  and  FRUITS,  open  to 
the    United    Kingdom,    will   be   held    in   connection    with    the 
above,  whan   the  following   VALUABLE  PRIZES,  amongst 
others,  will  be  offered  :— 
10  ORCHIDS,  ist,  £to  ;  ad,  £6 ;  3d,  £^. 
6    ,,     1st,  £6  ;  2d.  £i  ',  3d.  £2. 

12  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  ist.  £15:26,  £io : 
3d,  £s. 

6     rst,  ;£7;  ■>A.£l.;  ii.  £i. 

Also  for  ROSES.  FRUITS,  &c.    For  Schedules  and  particulars 

'^r^Souare.  Luton. Mr.  S.  C.  OLIVER,  Hon.  Sec. 

SALTERHEBBLE     and     DISTRICT 
ROSE  SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of  ROSES  will  be  held  on 
THURSDAY,  July  22.    Entries  close  July  20.     Schedules  on 

'"•Hea'thTane,  Halifax.  ARTHUR  M.   BEECROFT,  Sec. 

STOKE-ON-TRENT 
HORTiruLTURAL    SOCIETY. 
The   FIFTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  wiU  be   held  on 
THURSDAY,   August   26.     Veitch  Memorial  Medal,   Certifi- 


for 


nform 


nd  Ferns  intermixed  ;  also 
ig    and    Foliage   Plants. 
I  may  be  obtained  from 
17.  London  Road,  Stoke. 


HUDDERSFIELD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
The  THIRD  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  the  Town  Hall. 
Huddeisfield,   on    FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY,    November  12 
and  II.     Schedules  and  Entry   Forms  are  now  ready,  and  may 

''°M:rsS?Hu'c!deVsfie"ld?  "r.  JOHN  BELL,  Hon.  Sec. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  tsc. 

AMcINTYKE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
-•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
IIS,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


CUTTINGS  of  Choicest  New  FLORISTS' 
FLOWERS  (1885)  very  cheap.  Per  dozen  varieties  :- 
Fuchsias  and  Pentstemons,  2^.  ;  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  single  and 
double.  Ivy-leaf,  &c.,  3^.  :  Chrysanthemums,  is.  6rf.  Or  to 
include  new  of  last  three  or  four  years — Chrysanthemums.  50  for 
31.  ;  Fuchsias,  50  for  31.  ;  Zinal  Pelargoniums,  double  and 
single.  Ivy,  &c. .  100  for  8s.  Plants  also  supplied  very  cheap. 
All  free  by  parcel  post.  A  quantity  of  choice  single  Dahlias, 
fine  plants,  2j.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free  on  application. 
RICHARD  PANNETT.  The  Nurs.rv    Ch^i'—   <-..-.- 


W  GORDON,  IMPORTER  OF  ORCHIDS 
•  from  ALL  PARTS  of  the  WORLD. -An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  must  be  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice. 
VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  to  be  ob- 
tained, and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high  prices 
recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAYING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to  W.   GORDON,    The  Nurseries,  Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


CARTERS' 

BRILLIANT  PRIZE  CINERARIA. 

AWARDED 

ist  Prize  Royal  Aquarium  iS36 
Banksiao     Medal,     Royal 

Horticultural  Society  ..    1885 
Large  Bronze  Medal.Royal 

Boianic  Society  ..    1885 

■^-ilver  Medal  Royal  Boianic 

Society 1883 

Banksian     Medal,     Royal 

Horticultural  Society  ..    1883 
E\tra  and  Second    Puze, 
Crystal  Palace    ..  ..    1884 

Large  Bronze  Medal    Royal  Botanic  Society    ..  ..    1884 

Banksian  Medal,  Royal  Horticultural  Society..  ..  1884 

Finest  MIXED  SEED,  containing  every  shade  of  colour, 

Price  Is.  6d..  2s.  6d  .  3s.  6d  ,  &  6a.  pkt,  post-free. 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class  Certificate).-In  introducing  for  the  first  time  this 
lovely  Fern,  which  was  raised  in  their  establi-hment,  E.  G.  H. 
&  Son  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  never  since  the  intro- 
duction of  A.  Farleyense  has  anything  approaching  such  a 
charming  variety  been  introduced  ;  in  habit  it  i>  all  that  can  be 
desired  as  a  decorative  plant,  the  fronds  rising  well  from  the 
crown,  terminating  into  a  graceful  curve,  forming  quite  a  plume- 
)ike  frond,  while  the  pinnse,  which  is  of  moderate  size,  is  beau- 
tifully cut,  as  in  the  way  of  A.  Farleyense  alcicome.  and  in  a 
young  state  ;  the  centre  of  the  same  is  of  a  golden-green, 
yerging  off  into  a  paler  shade,  and  changing  to  a  deeper  green  as 
It  approaches  maturity;  and  in  addition,  when  growing,  it  is 
deliciously  fragrant,  a  lew  plants  filling  the  house  with  a  sweet 
perfume.  Either  as  a  valuable  addition  to  a  collection,  or  for 
exhibition  or  decoration,  this  remarkable  novelty  is  certain  to 
become  the  most  popular  Adiantum  iu  cultivation.  The  fronds 
when  cut  last  a  length  of  time  ;  some  which  were  cut  as  an 
experiment  remained  in  perfection  more  than  a  week  in  a  warm 
room.  Being  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  of  such  surpasbing 
elegince,  it  will  quickly  supersede  the  eld  favcuriie,  A.  cune 
atum,  for  all  purposes. 

Healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,  5*.  and  ^i.  td.  ;  6  for 
3ti.  and  3af 

E.  G.  HENDERSON  and  SON,  Pine-apple  Nursery. 
Maida  Vale.  London.  W. 

Spring  Gardening. 

CHOICE  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  Spring 
Gardening,  of  the  very  best  strains  ;  also  VEGETABLE 
SEEDS  r.f  all  sorts,  likewise  of  the  best  strains.  Piiced 
CATALOGUE  post-free. 

JAMES       DICKSON       &       SONS, 

*'  Hvyal"  Nursery  aid  See i  Establishment^ 

108.  Eastgaie  *^treet,  Chester. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK.  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ij. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "  List    of  Nbw,    Rars.     and 

Choick  Ferns."  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Fbrns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NPRSERY,    8ALB,    MANCHESTER. 

DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FB.ENCH    BT7LBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

Comaining  List  of  all  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  LILIUMS.  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  tree  on  application  to 

WAT  KINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,    STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLA- 
MEN,— Same  grand  strain  aad  from  the  same  celebrated 
growers  that  1  have  sent  out  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  with 
all  the  latest  improvements  in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit. 
Five  year-old  Plants,  \s.  6d.  per  dozen,  51.  for  50,  9s.  for  100, 
all  Carriage  free. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON,    Florist, 
Prospect   House,    Belper.   Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer    the 
following,  of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS. 
—Grand  Premier  Prize  Stiain  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
White.  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  Fine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers.  Strong  Flant.=  ,  to  bloom 
well,  IS.  yi.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  is.  6d.  ;  91.  per  100,  all  free, 

CINERARIA  S-C  I  N  E  R  A  R  I  A  S— 
CINERARIAS.-Bull's  celebrated  Prize  Strain,  dwa.f 
compact  habit,  and  most  brilliant  colours,  cannot  possibly  be 
excelled.  Good  Plants,  is.  ^d.  per  d  jzen,  extra  strong  if.  6tl.  ; 
gt.  per  ion,  all  free. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON,     Florist,     Prospect     House. 
Belper.  Derbyshire. 


DUTCH      AND       CAPE       BXTLBS. 


ANL  ROOZEN  &.  SON'S 
CATALOGUE    FOR    1886. 

The  above,  containing  details  of  our  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants  (84  pages,  in  English). 
IS  NOW  READY,  and  will  as  usual  be  sent  post-free  on  appli- 
cation to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Great  Britain. 
Messrs.  MERTENS  and  CO..  3,  Cross  Lane.  St  Mary-at-Hill, 
London,  E.C. 

ANT.      ROOZEN      and      SON, 

OVERVEEN.  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description,  Pnce  6s.  per  bushel 
(is,  extia  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d.  per  cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited).  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Ni 


Wh7?te  arid  S'ee^. 


■^ 


L.*f'-; 


The  "  Covent  Garden  Gazette"  says:— 

"That  to  mcst  of  our  readers  the  name  of  H.  CANNELL 
AND  SONS  is  probably  as  well  known  as  their  own.  The 
'HOME  OF  FLOWERS'  at  SWANLEY  has  lone  been 
noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  productions  and  the  variety  and 
novelty  of  its  introductions  in  floriculture.  When  it  is  understood 
that  the  enormous  business  carried  on  at  Swanley  is  largely  sup- 
ported by  professional  florists  it  will  be  seen  that  Messrs.  Cannell 
can  fairly  claim  to  take  foremost  rank  in  matters  floral.  Although 
their  productions  are  rarely  shown  at  exhibitions,  whenever  they 
do  so  they  generally  gain  the  highest  honours.  They  really 
have  no  need  tj  exhibit.  Their  display  is  on  view  all  the  year 
round,  and.  thanks  to  a  slandi"^  invite  to  all,  one  will  at  any 
time,  with  the  exception  of  Sundays,  meet  with'a  ready  welcome 
from  the  genial  proprietors.  In  order  to  aopreciate  the  advance 
that  is  being  made  in  horiculture,  a  visit  thould  be  paid  to  the 
'■  Home  of  Fbwers.- " 

SEND     FOR     A     CATALOGUE. 


H.    CANNELL.     &     SONS, 

SWANLEY,  KENT. 


IMPOBTANT    TO    OABDENERS. 


bentley's  weed  destroyer. 

Invaluable  for  the  Destruction  of  Weeds 

and  Moss  on  Garden  Walks  and 

Carriage  Drives. 

Particulars  sent  Post-free. 


BECK     CHEMICAL     WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,    HULL. 


The  "INVINCIBLE"  LAWN  MOWER 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 


WHEEL 

BARROWS. 


Horse-Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

side  Delivery. 


6  m.        710.        Sin. 
30s.    408.    50s 

Sole  Makers 


Is  the 


AWABDED  the 

First  Prize 

at  each  of  the 

3  Great  Contests 


BIRMINGHAM, 
MANCHESTER, 
and  LONDON. 


150s.    170s.    190s. 


BEST 

in  the  Market 


VIDE 
B  £  STT  L  T 


OONIESTS. 

Side  Delivery. 
£22    £26    £30 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  KEFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40J. :  4-bushel  bags,  e,d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  U.  per  sack 
5  sacks  S5J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  22!.  ;  sacks. 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  li.  gi  per  bushel;  15J.  per  half 
ton,  ids.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bass,  4//.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ir  pe'.  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  Ss.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S  .  21.  GoM-uMth's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamos. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  lor  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c. ,  ^[6  6i.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI B  ROU.5  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15J. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bajs,  221.  bd  ;  to  Bags, 
4SJ.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  los.  6rf.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  52s.  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons!" 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Famboroueh  Station.  Hants. 


For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 
and  CRICKET  PITCHES,  use 

BE       L      L      I       C       I       D       E, 
the  DAISYand  WEED  ERADICATOR.    Manul..c- 
tured  by  HURST  AND  SON.   152,  Houi  diditch.  London,  E. 
To  be  obtained  (with  needful  instructions)  from  all  Seedsmen 
and  Florists  everywhere.    Sample  Dredger-canister,  ir.  perpost. 


.    --.         wv...         ^.^ww.         .^wo.         ^yj\fa.         AtVJO.         ACWO.  o&«.»        3JAi\J        Xj'i^\J 

JOHN  CROWLEY   &   CO.,    Sheffield. 


it  \\s.  per  bush.,  3J. 
f        (sacks  luclud 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES,  m^ 

Two  Prize  Mkdals.  "^3 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    5i.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  2 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..  ^.  6d.       „       5  sacks  (or  s 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   55.  6d.      „      5  sacks  for  zsr. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     % 
PREPARED  COMPOST,best  I 
LEAFMOULD,bestonly  .. 

PEAT  MOULD 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6a.  per  bush.,  141.  half  ton,  241  ton 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only 11.  per  lb 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     &d.\h.   231b   i8j 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (Sp^cialitd)    8</.  lb.,  28  lb  i8s. 

MUSH  ROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  . .     ss.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2J.  per  bush.    6j.  p-r  sack 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers  FruiusVesetables,&c.  Tins,  ij.  6rf 

Bacs— 7lb.,3i.;  141b.,  51.;  281b.,  8i.;  561b..  14'.:  i  cwt    22i 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-i4lb,  3s.;  28  lb.,  51.  6rf.; 

561b  ,  las.  td.;  t  cwt,  17J.  Lper  bushel.' 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quahly  only,  is.  6d 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  KEFUSE  (by  ChubUs  special  process), 

sacks,  rr.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13...  ;  20  sacks,  175.  ; 

30  sacks,  251;  40  sacks,   301^     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  rail, 


CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

J.  JENSEN  &  CO.'S 

NORWEGIAN 

FISH -POTASH    MANURE. 

Fish  Man  are  is  composed  of  flesh  and  bone— the  best 
of  all  fertilising  materials,  and  in  combination  with  pure 
Salts  of  Potash  and  Magnesia  forms  a  perfect  fertiliser, 
as  it  contains  the  important  ingredients  of  Ammonia, 
Phosphates  and  Potash  in  their  most  concentrated  and 
available  form.  It  is  equally  valuable  for  Farm  Use,  for 
Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  produces  wonderful 
growth,  especially  with  Vines. 


The  Average  Manurial  Constituents  are  as  follows  :— 
Cod  Fish  and  Potash.      Herring  and  Potash. 

Per  Cent.  Per  Cent. 

7.0  ..  ..  Ammonia        ..      ..     8.30 

Z0.0  ..  ..  Phosphates    ..      ..     9.0 

15.0  ..  ..  Potash 150 

10.0  ..  ..  Magnesia       ..      ..    10,0 

Or,  in  other-words,  a  ton  of  COD  FISH  and  POTASH 
is  composed,  approxiynately,  of— 
10  Cwt.  of  Dried  Fish  Flesh— Organic  Matter. 
4     „      of  Dried  Fish  Bone— Phosphates. 
3     ,,      Sulphate  of  Potash. 
2    „      Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 
I     „      of  Moisture,  and  ingredients  not  of 


The  Pncei  are  £10  per  Tod  (bags  included)  for  the  COD, 
and  £9  for  the  HERRING,  on  Rails  in  the  Docks,  subject  to 
Discount  for  prompt  Cash. 


Retail  Prices,  Carriage  Paid,  upon  receipt  of  P.0.0. 

IN  TINS.-2  lb.  for  is.  ;  and 

IN  BAGS,  7  lb.,  2j. ;  14  lb..  4s  :  28  lb.,  6s.  6d. ;  56  lb..  10s.  6d. 

iH  cwt,  20s. ;  2  cwt.,  3ar.      Bags  free. 


I^*  Apply  to  all  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO., 
10,   ST.    HELEN'S   PLACE,    LONDON,    E.C. 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


July  3,  1886. 


NATIVE  GUANO,  price  £3  los.  per  ton,  in 
bags  on  rail,  Aylesbury.  Lots  under  lo  cwt.  4..  per 
cwt.  A  i-cwt.  sample  bag  sent,  carriage  paid,  to  any  station  in 
England  on  receipt  o(  Postal  Order  for  5J.  . 

Extracts  from  Tenth  Annual  CclUcticn  o/Reforls  —Native 
Guano  for  Potatos.— H.  S.  JIasty.  Great  Totham,  Essex  :- 
"Used  for  Poutos.  Good.  Consider  this  manure  about  the 
best  for  Potatos.  Very  economical.  Took  about  twenty  prizes.' 
Native  Guano  for  Vegetables  and  Fruit  Trees.— J.  Smith, 
Head  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Rosebery  ;— "  Used 
for  Pears, Onions,  Lettuces, Cabbages,  Potatos,Turnips,  and  Fruit 
Trees  Onions  a  splendid  crop.  Other  crops  most  satisfactory.' 
Native  Guano  for  Vines,  Roses,  Strawberries,  Pot  Plants,  &c.— 
I.  TowNSBND,  Florist,  Putney  :-"Use<i  for  Celery,  Roses, 
Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Chrysanthemums,  Pelargoniums,  Fuch- 
>ias,  &c.  Excellent  results.  Best  and  safest  manure  I  have 
tried."  D.Williams,  Gardener  to  Lord  Wimbotne  :—"  Used  for 
Vines,  Strawberries  in  pots.  Peaches,  Asparagus,  Onions,  &c 
Very  good  on  all  kinds  tried."  A.  F.  Babbon.  Royal  Horiicul- 
lural  Society.  Chiswick  :  —  "  Without  doubt  a  very  valuable 
manure  and  easy  of  apolicalion."-Ord.rs  to  THE  NATIVE 
GUANO  CO.  (Limited),  29,  New  Bridge  Street,  Blackfriars, 
London,  E.C. .  where  P.Tniphlets  ol  Testimonials  may  be  obuined. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Keunard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


ROSES   AND    CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

To  obtain  finest  Growth  and  Flowers,  use 

J  E  N  8  E  N'S 

Norwegian    Fish   Potash    IVIanure. 

Apply  to  all  Nurserymen,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &   CO.    (Limited), 
No.  10,    ST.    HELEN'S    PLACE,    E.C. 


jiii:i:UiMiiiiiiaH,iiiiiMiiii.iiiiiiii;HiijiiiMiMiiiiiiiiUiiMiliiiriii,iiiiyiifiii.Ma^ 
Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

Sealed  Bags  only, 

7  lb.        14  lb.        28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 

^    ^    7/6"    72/6     20/- 
CLAY    &   LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE   MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,     LONDON,    E. 


SMITH'S  Jf_EED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


Effectually  Destroys 
Weeds.  Moss,  Dande- 
lions, &c  .  on  Garden 
Walks,  Carnage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


MARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing    Chemist. 

LOUTH,        LINCOLNSHIRE. 

G""  ISHURST  COMPOUNOyused  bykading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fy,  and  other  Blight,  i  10  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  ir.,  31.,  and  lor.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  ioft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td-  and  u.,  from  the  Trade, 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH.— Best  im- 
poited.  td  per  Iti.,  14  lb.  6r.  bd.  Sp^cialit*?  Tobacco 
Paper,  cannot  b=  suipassed,  ^J.  per  lb,  14  lb.  -js.  6J. 
Tobacco  Waler,  very  strong,  8d  per  gallon. 

T.  HAMBLY  and  CO  .  s,  Thomas'  Lane,  Bristol. 

SPECIALTY. —  TOBACCO  PAPER  and 
CLOTH.  Wholesale  and  Retail  Trade  Price  (very  low) 
on  application.  Sole  London  Agent  for  THOMSON  S  VINE 
and  PLANT  MANURE.  Trade  supplied  at  Manufacturer's 
Prices.     J.  GEORGE,  10,  Victoria  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 


BEST    TOBACCO    ROLL    PAPER    and 
CLOTH,  at  Lowest  Price. 
I.  DENYN,  Manufacturer,   removed  to  77,  Downs  Road, 
Clapton,  E. 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worle,  Manures,  &c.      Cheapest  pnces  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 

Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,    i  yard   wide,   id-; 
2  yards.  i%d.  ;    4  yards,  jrf.      A  considerable  reduction 
on  quantities  of  500  yards  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  t,. 

NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 
My  first  parcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
prime  quality.     Prices  on  application. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
T- Addrkis-JATEA,  LONDON. 


XTRA  STRONG  TANNED  NET.— Ripe 

Fruit,  Tennis  Court,  or  Poultry  Run,  i-inch  mesh,  2  yards 
wide,  i^d.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  3d.  per  yard  :  or  2  yards 
wide,  icr.  per  100  ;  4  yards  wide,  2or  per  100  yards.  New 
TWINE  NETTING,  i  yard  wide,  2d.  per  yard  ;  a  yards  wide, 
4^.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  Sd.  per  yaid.  COTTON  NET, 
nine  meshes  10  square  inch,  ij^  yard  wide,  jd.  per  yard  run. 

W.  CULLINGFoRD,  Forest  Gate.  E. 

TO  THE  TRADE.— Send  for   Shaw's  LIST 

-L  of  TIFFANY  NETTING  and  other  SHADING  and 
PROTECTING  MATERIALS.  No.  i  TIFFANY.  10  pieces 
2j  id.  cash,  20  pieces,  2J.  id.  each.  50  pieces  2i.  each.  2S  yards 
long  by  38  inches  wide  ;  No.  2  TIFFANY,  10  pieces.  2s,  6d. 
each.  20  pieces.  2r.  ^d.  each,  50  pieces.  2J.  3d.  each,  28  jards 
long  by  38  inches  wide.  Other  sorts  as  cheap  in  proportion. 
JOHN  SHAW  AND  CO.,  30  and  31,  Oxford  Street,  Manchester. 

THOMAS'S 

GALVANISED  WIRE  NETTING. 


Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Roll  of  50  Yards. 


?,ft 

3  ft. 

4  ft. 

6  ft. 

wide. 

wide. 

wide. 

s    d 

J  d. 

s.    d. 

s.    d. 

?,    9 

5  8 

7  6 

11  3 

6  4 

8  0 

10  8 

16  0 

6  6 

9  9 

13  0 

19  6 

10  0 

15  0 

20  0 

30  0 

STEEL    BARB 

BARB  WIRE. 

P-rS)      100  yard  Reels     ..    7s.  Od 
'^      260     „        „  M  cwt..  13s.  9d. 
630      ,,  „    I  c«t..  278.  6d. 

Special  Quotations  for  large 


J.    J.    THOMAS    &    CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.C.  : 
28s  and  362.    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    'W. 

HY.    VAN    &    GO. 

(The  Oldest  London  Houie  in  the  Trade,  Estd.  tjSo), 
17,    Tooley    Street,    London    Bridge,    S.E. 


Illustrated  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

PROTECTION    FOE    FRUIT    AND    FLOWERS. 
GARDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  ^V^d..  or  per  lOo  yards, 

lor.  :  ditto.  4  yards  wide.  3d.,  or  per  100  yards,  2or. 
SCRIM  CANVAS,  1  yard  wide,   3^.  ;    jK  yard,  i%d.  ;    and 

2  yards,  td.  per  yard. 
TIFFANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20 yard  pieces,  3r.  dd.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
RICK.  CLOTHS.  TARPAULINS.  Com  and  Potato  SACKS, 

FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  sunilar  current  sizes  ot  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

QEOBOE    FABMILOE    A    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  apfilicatian.    Quote  CkrontcU, 


NETTING     FOR     FRUIT    TREES, 

Seed  Beds,  Bipe  Strawberries,  Sea. 

TANNED        NETTING 
for  Protecting  ihe  above  from  Frost,  Blight,  Birds,  &c. , 
2  yards  wide,  id.  per  yard,  or  100  yards,  151.  ;    4  >"«  """i 

4rf.  per  yard,  or  50  yards,  151.  «      ,     ,  t  t      j 

EATON  AND  DELLEK,  6  »nd  7,  Crooked  Lane,  London 


Bridge,  E.C 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  Httle  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road.  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "  ACME  "    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :   also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

lUuitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3^.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Paliem  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZKD    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     RoofiDg  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  La  auy 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


DOULTON   &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,     LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,   PEDE3TALS,   FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN  EDQINGS,   &e., 


IMPERISHABLE    TERRA    COTTA. 


Tiles  for  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,  including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Decorations,  and  Vases.  Foiintalas,  ftc. 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE.   LAMBETH   FAIENCE,  AND  THE 

NEW   SILICO.V   WARE. 


Show  Kooms,   Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 


BOULTON  &   PAUL     MANUFACTURERS,    NORWICH. 
Garden     Engine 
and  Water  Barrow 
combined  —This  im- 

piement      is      fpecially 

Gardens 

used  for  a  variety  of  rur- 
poses.      Cash    Prices 
(carriage  paid] — 
15  gal.  size,  £.3  I5». 
■">    ,,     ,,      {.*  %s- 
25    „    ..    .  {.<,  '5'. 
Every  requisite  for  the 
Garden    and    Pleasure 
Grounds  manufactured 
New  Gen- 
Catalogue  sent  free. 


IRON  GARDEN  WHEELBARROWS 

With  TUBULAR  FRAME  and  HANDLES. 

Every  Gardener  should  use  the  "Easy  Tip." 

No.  14,  Japanned,  i8j.  ;    with  Galvanised  Body,  aw. 

Galvanised  all  over,  a&j. 

Barrows  forwarded,  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  part  of  England  on 

receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order,  payable  to 

BBIEBLEY     &    SON,    BIRUlNaHAK. 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Feach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses.  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  thh  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.  Hot- water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 
in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  sc.,  always  in  stock. 

Pl»nSt  EitirnaUs  and  Catalogues /ree.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  Part  of  the  Kingdont. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

HODBRATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated, 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  foam  us,  for  wMdi  no  charge  Is  made,  before 
placing  tbelr  orders  elsewhere. 

A  GOLD  MEDAL  (lite  lughett  mnard)  Itas  this  year  httn  au'ardtd  io  «!  in  Dfen  compelitum  //»■  gtneral  txcetitncc  m 
Horticultural  Buildings,  by  the  Society  of  Architects. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


RicMy  Illustrated  Catalogue,  containing  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Htuses, 
Forcing  Houses,  &*c.,  recently  erected  by  M.  fir*  Co.,  fjr  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOEOUG-H. 


EORTICULTURAL  STRUCTUSES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  tn  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COKBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  isc. 


o  w 

O    JO 


HOT-WATEB    AFFABATUS  for  WARMING  CHITRCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOUS,  DRTING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3|d. 


__  Cucumber  Frames 

T>       HALLIDAY    and    CO.     desire  to 

J~*J»  draw  special  attention  to  their  Cucumber  Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have  a  large  stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted  They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  c 
Prices,  delivered  t  .       .     _      .       . 


i-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    n     i  -  (       3  lo    o 

i^htframeli.feetbyefeetLP^^^^^^^^^^^  \     5     o 

6-Iightframe.  24feetby  6feeti'-^^'=^_    "*(     10     o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  franuog  for 

brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAY  AND  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 


BOTJLTON    &     PAUL,    NORWICH. 


No.  76.— Melon  or  Cucumber  Frames. 

Cash  Prices— Carriage  Paid.  Price.         Packing  Case. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  Vide  ..  ,^3  50  ..  4J.  (■  Allowed  in 
i»  feet  long  ,.  6  feet  wide  ..  4  12  6  ..  5^.  ^  full  if  retd. 
16  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  o  o  ..  5/6  (  car.  paid. 
These  Frames  are  13  inches  deep  in  front,  and  24  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  2  inches  thick,  with  a  strong  iron 
suengthening  rod.  and  one  handle  to  each  light.  All  painted 
four  coats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  glazed  with  best 
21-OZ.  English  glass.  Orders  amounting  lo  401.  carriage  paid 
to  most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT- WATER  APPARATUS 

for  Heating  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON     E.C 


Wr  :aiCHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  w,ll  give  Estimates  for 
every  desciiption  of"  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  (tee  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary, 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 
Illustrated    Lists  of  Wooden    Buildings,   Greenhouses,   and 
>,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
application. 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 

Fixed  in  any  part  of  the 

Kingdom  with  Hot-water 
Silver  Medai^^-4 /i^>\  Apparatus  complete. 

7^i^!\^       CATALOGUE 


free. 


DARLINGTON 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  3,  1886. 


T  O  O  P  E  '  S 

PATENT 

HOT-WATER     HEATER 

(  The  Little   Vixen), 

FOR    G&BCEN    FRAMES,  &o. 

Can  be  heated  whh  Gas  or  Oil.     Is  unaffected    by  any  weather. 

Can  li;  fixed  in  a  few  minutes.     SAFE,  SWEET.  CERTAIN. 

POUTAHI.K  AND  CHEAP. 


nd  16  feet  of  ij^  iti  pipe,  complete,  price  3 


T  O  O  P  E'S 

PATENT 

PERFECT  PROPAGATOR 

Can  be  heated  with  Gas  or  Oil.  Is  the  MOST  SIMPLE, 
EFFICIENT,  and  ECONOMICAL  yet  invented  for  raising 
P.ants.  Slips,  CuttiiiRS,  &r  ,  by  hot  water. 


Size  2  feet  6  inches,  and  i  foot  10  inches,  cotnplete,  301, 


T  O  O  P  B  '  S 

CHAMPION 

HOT-WATER    HEATER, 

For  GREENHOUSES,  VINERIES,  CONSERVATORIES, 

&c.     Will  burn  Gas  or  Oil. 

SWEET,  SAFE,  CERTAIN,  and  CHEAP. 


-O- 


No.  1  Heater  and  18  (eet  of  3-inch  pipe,  30J. 


Send  for  Circular  to 

CHS.    TOOPE    &    CO., 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS. 

OFFICE    and  SHOWROOMS, 

1,  Stepney  Square,  Stepney  Green, 

LONDON,  E. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL  BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION, 

Fourth  List  of  Subacriptione  received  by  N.  N.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.  :— 


ALI.EN,  GEO 

ASCOUGH,  M.    , 

BALE.  SAMUEL         

BLAIN  FILS.  AINE 

BLUMENAU  and  SCHURGAST.. 

BOLTON.  J  NO.,  Esq 

BROWN.  WM 

BUNYAKD,  GEO 

BUTCHER.  CHAS.,  E-q 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO. 

CRICK  ION.  A.  B..  Jun 

DAVIES.  JNO 

DAVIS,  G.  ACTON,  Esq 

ELLIOTT.  GEO.  E 

FAGG,  GEO 

GLASSPOOL,  H 

HAMLIN,  J.,  AND  CO. 
HUTCHINSON,  N.  G. 


E.  C. 


KEIRLE,  ROBERT.  Etq.    ..  ■ 
LIEFMANN.  R.  JOHN 

MARGETSON.  A 

MARSH,  J.  AND  B..    '^      -it 

MAYER.  M.        .. ■■■        J-.— 

MERRIS,  WM 

McRONALD,  JAS 

MOORE.  JOSEPH 
MORRISON.  JNO., 
NELSON,  WM. 
PRASCHKAUER  , 
PERCIVAL,  C.  J. 
PERKINS,  J.  E. 


Esq 


igstoD'Oa-Thames     .. 

-J^rankfort 

Hat  borne,  Birmingham 

Chichester 

Melbourne  Lodge,  Queen's  Rd.,  Ealing 
Bushmead  Priory,  bt.  Neoi's  .. 
NectoD,  Swaffham 
Savage  Gardens  . .  . . 


POLLEY,  JOS.,&SON 
ROGERS.  A.  Esq. 
ROBINSON,  GEO.  T... 
SLATER.  J.  &  SONS  .. 
SCOTT,  ROBf 


TEMPLE,  WM. 


THOMSON.  T.  B 

TINGLE,  JACOBS,  &  CO.    .. 
TOWNSEND  AND  SPEARING 


TYRRELL.  CAPT.  GEO. 
VAN  VELSEN.  F.  Jr.  .. 
VAN  WAVEREN  &  CO. 
VERNHAM,  J,,  Esq.  .. 
WILCOX.  J. 


WILDSMITH.  WM. 
WILLIAMS,  WM. 
WILLIAMS,  E.  .. 


Tlu  jindetincniioned  have  been  received  per  Mesirs. 
f-isher^  Son  &  Stbray 

ABBOTT,  DAVID        

ATKINSON,  W.        .  ..         ..     ...       

BEEVOR,  JAS 

BROOK.  Miss 

DUNCAN,  J 

FENNELL,  J 

FISHER,  SON  AND  SIBRAV        

FISHER,  Mrs.  CHARLES 


GREAVES.  JNO 

GRUMMITT,  JNO 

HANSON,  A 

PALMER,  JNO     .. 

PRIOR,  HENRY  SMEDLEY 


PORTER,  EDWARD,  Esq. 
STAPLES.  G.,  Mr.      .. 
SIBRAY,  HENRY,  Esq. 


Amount  previously  acknowledged 
Total 


Ransberv  Manor  Gardei 

Crtsshills,  via  Leeds 

Barnstaple 

St.  Remy  .. 

Hamburg 

Weed  Green 

Stamford    . . 

Maidstone 

Old  Jewry 

Finibuiy  Street  .. 

Hurst  &  Son 

Natberth  .. 

8,  Leadenhall  Street 

Huddersfietd 


East  Street,  Southampton 
Wood  Green 

Crookham  Manor,  Newbury 
Street,  Somerset  , .         . . 


Of  J.  Perkins  &  Son,  Northamptoi 


Kelvedon 

Battersea  Park 

Christchurch  Passage.  Newgate  Street 

Nurserymen,  Malton,  Vorks    .. 

The  Gardens,  Moorfield,  Manningham, 

Bradford  

The     Gardens,     Bearleyon-the-Hill, 

Oakham  

BirmiDgham         ..         ..         ..         .. 

Billiter  Street 

loi,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C 


Fordhook,  Ealing,  W 

Overveen,  Haarlem 
Killegom,  Haailem 

Streatham  Hill 

Edgbaston  

Heckfield  Gardens,  Winchfield. 

Tenbury "        ,', 

The  Gardens,   Hadnet   Hall,   ti 
Drayton  . .         . .        . . 


Park  Lane,  Doncaster  . . 

Retford 

Sandbeck,  near  Rotherham     . , 
Healey  House.  Meltham 
Sutton  Scarsdale.  Chesterfield 
Hutton  Farm,  Guisborough    . . 
ShefSeld 


Batterley,  Alfreton ; 

Priory  Bank,  SheffieU  . . 
Coaesthorpe,.MallQn.  *, ... .*. 

The      Gardens,       WinVfield  * "  Hal'll 

Alfreton 

King  Street.  Sheflield 

Glasswell  Hall  Gardens,  Chesterfield 
Fisher,  Son  &  Sibray,  Sheffield 


Do.  per  Mr.  R.  Dean. 

Ditto. 

Annual. 


Ditto,  pet  Mr.  J.  T. 


Donatioi 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Annual. 


Donation. 
AnnuaL 
Donation. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Life  ditto. 
Ditto,      a 
offering. 
Donation. 
Ditte. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 

Ai^nual. 
Ditto. 

Donation,  lif 
Do.,"  In 


TO     ORCHID     GROV/ERS,     &c. 
MR.     CHAS.     PATIN, 

OF     ANTIOQUIA,     U.S.     COLOMBIA, 

Who  has  been  resident  there  for  the  last  13  years,  and  is  now  on  a  visit  to  Europe,  is  now 
Booking  Orders  for  COLOMBIAN  ORCHIDS  tor  next  spring  delivery.  About  So  species  can 
be  supplied.     Price  LIST  and  full  particulars  will  be  furnished  upon  application  to 

Mr.  CHAS.  PATIN,  Basecles,  Hainaut,  Belgium, 

up  to  August  25,  after  which  date  please  address  all  Comtnunications  to 

ANTIOQUIA,    ir.S.    COLOMBIA. 


LINDLEY'S   MEDICAL  AND  CECONOMICAL  BOTANY.    With  numerous  iiiustra- 

tions.     8vo,  cloth,  price  5^. 

LINDLEY'S    DESCRIPTIVE     BOTANY.      For   Self-instruction  and   the   Use   of   Schools. 
Price  IS.  sewed. 

London  :    BRADBURY,  AQNBW,  &  CO.,  Bouverie  Street,  E.C. 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IMPORTANT  TO  GARDENERS. 


FRANCIS  &  CO. 

SUPPLY:- 

I.— Garden  Syringes  of  all  kinds. 

2.— Indiarubber  Delivery  and  Suction  Hose. 

3.— Galvanised  Wire  Neit.ng. 

4. — Indiarubber  Door  and  Carriage  Mais. 

5  — Julta-percha  Goods. 

6. — Superior  Waterproof  Garmeals- 

7. — Barometers.  Thermometers^  and  Rain  Gauges. 

8,— Prepared  Chloride  of  Ammonia  for  destroymg  Inse 

Q  — Teleeraph  Instruments. 
10  — Insulated  and  Galvanised  Iron  Wires. 
II. — Medical  and  other  Batteries. 
12. — 'Lightning  Conductors. 
13.— Electric  House  BeiU. 
14  —Fire  and  Burelar  Alarms. 
15, — Speaking  Tubes. 
16, — Adjustable  Electric  Thermometers. 
17. — Disinfecting  Fluids,  Special. 
18. — Francis  &  Co.'s  Insect  Destroyer. 
19. — Garden  Tools  of  every  description. 
2o.  —  Quotations  for  every  requisite. 


ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

For  GREENHOUSES,  VINERIES, 

CONSERVATORIES,    FORCING    PITS, 

INCUBATORS,  and  for  FIRE. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

"  Your  Thermometers  are  now  in  all  the  Sheds,  and 
to  you  are  we  indebted  for  uniformly  itronj(  and  healthy 
Plants." 

"  I  ast  night  your  Electric  Tell-tale  saved  what  is 
probably  the  finest  house  of  Vines  in  the  Kingdom." 

"  Your  P.leclric  TJunnomtter  is  a  mighty  good  thing, 
and  no  Wine  Grower  should  be  without  them.  Timely 
notice  of  approaching  frost  means  the  saving  of  perhaps 
a  whole  crop." 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETER 

Is  so  applied,  that  when  the  temperature  either  rises 
above  or  falls  below  the  degree  at  which  it  may  be  set, 
a  bell  is  sounded  or  other  signal  given  at  however  great 
a  distance.  Any  number  of  Thermometers  may  be 
employed  with  the  same  Bell,  so  that  every  point  can  be 
under  thorough  protection  at  COMPARATIVELY 
TRIFLING  EXPENSE. 

FRANCIS  AND  CO.'S  Thermometers  are  largely 
employed  by  Wine  Growers  in  the  open  as  well  as  under 
Glass,  and  are  most  valuable  for  Conservatories.  Green- 
houses, Forcing  Pits,  Hospital  Wards,  and  in  the  process 
of  Incubation. 

Used  throughout  the  Ostrich  Farms  of 
South  Africa. 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

Also  form  the  most  perfect  PROTECTION  AGAINST 
FIRE,   the  ever  ready  Alarm  signalling  the  very  first 
outbreak  instantly. 
Readily  applied.    Fitted  wltU  ease  and  certainty. 

PRICES. 

Large  Bell,  Wire.  Push,  and  Battery,  com-   £  s.  d. 

plete  for  any  communication  ..160 

Ordinary  Thermometers,  from-each  ..010 

Registering        , 0    16 

Insulated  Wire,  Galvanised  Wireandlnsulatorsas  desired. 
B^Us,  Batteries,  Thermometers,  &c. ,  separate  if  required. 

ALSO 

ELECTRIC 

FIRE    ALARMS, 

and  ELECTRIC  HOUSE  BELLS, 

As  supplied  to  the  Government  Offices  and  Railway 

Companies. 

ALl.    GOODS    GUARANTEED. 

The  ^3  set  delivered,  carriage  paid,  at  nearest 
Railway  Station. 

FRANCIS   &    CO., 

Telegraph  Engineers  and  Government  Contractors, 

EAGLE    TELEGRAPH    WORKS, 
HATTON  GARDEN    LONDON,  E.G. 

SEND  for  CATALOGUE. 


OECHID  EXHIBITIOI. 


One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights 
in  London. 


0 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  ORCHID 

EXHIBITION.  The  Private  View  lo  Patrons  of  the 
Establisliraent  is  held  every  TUESDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  lo  to  5  o'clock,  ihmuRhout  JULY. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


o 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  Exhi- 
bition IS  OPEN  to  the  Public  eveiy  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  10  to  5  o'clock, 
throughout  JULY.    Admission,  each  day,  ss.  6rf. 


ORCHIDS. — A   vision    of    loveliness   unpa- 
ralleled in  Europe. 

QRCH IDS.— "Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 

ORCHIDS.  —  "A    scene     of    the    greatest 
Orchidic  beauty,  bifiling  descriotion,  and,  we  had  almost 


said,  defying  exaggeration."— Car^^^^f-rj'  Chronicle. 


o 


RCHIDS.  —  Specimens    in    Flower    from 

Brazil,  Colombia.  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Madagascar,  Assam, 
P=ru,  Cosu  Rica,  Venezuela,  West  Indies,  Burmah. 
Borneo,  and  various  other  pans  of  the  Eastern  Archipe- 
lago-   

RCHIDS.— Private  View  to  Patrons  of  the 

Establishment  every  Tuesday.  Thursday,  and  Saturday, 
10  to  5  o'clock,  throughout  JULY. 


RCHIDS. — Public  Exhibition  every  Mon- 
day, Wednesday,  and  Friday.  lo  to  5  o'Clock,  throughout 
JULY.     Admission,  each  day.  is.  6d. 


RCHIDS. — The   Exhibition  is  worth  going 

any  distance  to  see  at  Mr.  WiLLi/iM  Bull's  Establish- 
ment for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London,  S  W. 


N^oza  Ready, 

reichenbachia: 

ORCHIDS   ILLUSTRATED 
AND  DESCRIBED. 

By     F.     SANDER,    St.    Alban's. 

This  Work  is  issued  in  Monthly 
Parts,  each  containing  four  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates  by  eminent 
Floral  Artists. 

The  History  and  Culture  of  each 
Plant  is  given  in  English,  French, 
and  German.  The  Latin  Descrip- 
tions and  Leaders,  &c.,  by  Professor 
Reichenbach. 


Price  ofeach  Number  to  Subscribers, 
7s.  6d.  per  Month, 

Si::e  of  Plates,  21  inches  by  15  inches. 


Sample  Csples  post-free  on  application,  to  be  re- 
turned in  case  of  non-subscription  to 

F.  SANDER,  8T.  ALBAN'S. 


darda^rs'  djtonitk. 


SATURDAY,  JULY 


EA'TON     HALL. 

THIS,  the  principal  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Westminster,  is  four  miles  from  Chester. 
Horticulturists  from  the  south,  the  eastern,  or 
western  parts  of  Englanti,  who  attend  the 
Liverpool  Show,  could  easily  visit  Eaton  by 
breaking  their  journey  at  Chester,  and  in  so 
doing  would  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing,  not 
only  one  of  the  best  appointed  and  well  kept 
gardens  in  the  kingdom,  but  also  the  finest 
private  residence  of  modern  date  in  Europe. 
Our  illustration  (see  supplementary  sheet)  gives 
an  idea  of  the  magnificent  character  of  the 
building,  but  the  full  extent  is  not  shown,  the 
photograph  from  which  it  was  taken  not  in- 
cluding the  whole.  It  is  of  polished  stone,  and 
as  substantial  in  its  construction  as  it  is  im- 
posing in  its  appearance. 

The  surroundings  are  in  keeping  with  the 
mansion,  the  pleasure-grounds  are  extensive, 
and  kept  in  excellent  order. 

The  extent  of  glass  erections  devoted  to  the 
cultivation  of  plants,  flowers,  and  fruit,  is  on  a 
scale  similar  to  the  rest  of  the  establishment. 
Most  of  the  houses  are  of  comparatively  recent 
construction  ;  they  combine  the  essentials  of 
being  well  adapted  for  the  cultivation  of  the 
different  things  grown  in  them,  and  of  enduring 
for  a  long  time,  stone  or  some  other  iinperish- 
able  material  being  used  wherever  it  could  be 
introduced.  The  principal  block  of  plant-houses 
is  connected  with  a  corridor,  400  feet  long  and 
iS  feet  high.  This  long  vista,  with  the  back 
wall  densely  covered  with  plants,  and  the  roof 
gracefully  festooned  with  climbers,  combined 
with  the  lines  of  flowering  subjects  temporarily 
brought  in  to  keep  it  gay,  presents  a  floral 
picture  unique  in  its  way.  Callas,  scarlet  Pelar- 
goniums and  Schizanthus,  large  and  profusely 
flowered,  were  the  principal  occupants  a  few 
weeks  back,  and  produced  an  effect  not  to  be 
easily  forgotten.  Each  of  the  large  houses 
attached  to,  and  standing  at  right  angles  with 
this  glass-covered  way,  has  some  particular 
kind  of  plant  or  plants  that  forms  the  leading 
feature  in  it.  In  one  of  these  houses  are  Roses 
covering  the  entire  roof,  with  others  loosely  en- 
circling the  pillars  ;  Camellias  occupying  the 
body  of  the  house.  Another  was  filled  with 
specimen  Azaleas,  finely  in  flower. 

Two  others  are  mostly  occupied  by  Eucharis 
amazonica,  in  the  ctfltivation  of  which  Mr.  Sel- 
wood  has  been  so  successful,  and  latterly  so  un- 
fortunate, for  the  dreaded  mite  has  nearly  de- 
stroyed the  whole  stock  ;  but  a  fresh  start  has 
been  made,  and  a  house  is  full  of  new  plants 
which  look  promising.  One  of  these  houses 
is  filled  v/ith  a  mixed  collection  of  stove  plants. 
Another  is  the  Lily-house,  with  its  roomy 
central  tank  always  containing  a  number  of 
plants  alike  beautiful  and  interesting.  One  of 
these  spans  is  filled  with  Dracaenas,  and  other 
plants  of  like  character,  and  the  roof  covered 
with  Stephanotis  laden  with  flowers.  In  the 
Camellia-house  the  plants  are  planted  out  in  a 
centre  bed,  on  one  side  of  which  there  is  a  row 
of  seedling  Luculia  gratissima   not  two   years 


8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  3,  1886. 


old,  yet  most  of  them  are  5  feet  high.  They 
are  well  furnished,  and  all  flowered  last  autumn  ; 
some  of  them  showed  a  trace  of  L.  Pinceana  in 
their  flowers. 

To.xicophhea  Thunbergii  is  a  favourite  here  ; 
a  considerable  space  of  back  wall  in  one  of  the 
houses  of  a  long  lean-to  range  being  devoted  to 
it.  Dipladenia  boliviensis  is  also  grown  largely. 
The  double  form  of  Tabern.xmontana  is  another 
white  flower  grown  in  quantity  ;  some  of  the 
plants  are  7  feet  high.  Of  another  house  Gar- 
denias are  the  principal  occupants,  with  quanti- 
ties of  Clerodendron  Balfourii. 

Orchids  occupy  two  of  the  four  houses  in 
which  Pines,  now  done  away  with,  used  to  be 
grown.  These  houses  are  very  light,  and  with 
the  plants  as  they  are,  well  up  to  the  glass,  there 
is  little  doubt  of  their  growing  well.  Another 
house  is  devoted  to  Cattleyas,  La;lias,  and 
others  requiring  an  intermediate  temperature. 
Odontoglossums,  and  other  cool  kinds,  having 
a  house  to  themselves. 

Fruit,  as  might  be  supposed,  is  grown  in  large 
quantities,  and  on  the  whole  is  well  done.  Vines 
occupy  ten  or  twelve  houses  ;  the  first  Grapes 
this  season  were  cut  on  April  S.  In  the  second" 
vinery  Black  Hamburghs  were  nearly  ripe  the 
second  week  in  May  ;  Madresfield  Court  were 
about  three  weeks  later.  Other  houses  to  follow 
with  Muscats,  and  the  late  crops  for  winter, 
were  of  very  promising  appearance.  Five  houses 
are  filled  with  Peaches  ;  the  earliest  being 
forced  to  come  in  at  the  beginning  of  May, 
others  to  keep  up  a  succession.  The  trees  are 
in  good  condition,  and  are  carrying  good  crops. 
Figs  occupy  a  considerable  space — fine  trees, 
bearing  abundantly.  A  large  tree  of  Negro 
Largo  that  has  been  often  moved  was 
carrying  a  grand  crop  of  wonderfully  fine  fruit. 
One  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the  houses  of 
indoor  fruits  is  a  large  house  of  Plums  ;  the 
trees  are  big,  and  in  beautiful  condition,  occu- 
pying the  back  wall,  and  a  trellis  along  the 
front.  The  principal  sorts  are  Green  Gage, 
Transparent  Gage,  and  Coe's  Golden  Drop, 
thickly  and  evenly  set,  so  that  thousands  will 
have  to  be  thinned  out.  Strawberries  in  vast 
quantities  are  forced — Keens'  Seedling  and  Sir 
Harry  are  the  only  sorts  grown.  An  unusually 
fine  crop  of  Melons  occupied  one  of  the  houses  ; 
some  were  ripe,  with  great  numbers  coming  on. 
The  various  houses  devoted  to  fruit  are 
situated  in  what  used  to  be  the  kitchen  garden, 
but  which  is  now  principally  occupied  by 
hardy  fruits,  which  are  very  well  grown.  In 
addition  to  the  walls,  on  which  are  the  usual 
kinds  of  trees.  Pears  and  Apples,  in  the  shape 
of  bushes  and  pyramids,  are  present  in  quantity, 
and  in  very  good  condition.  Mr  Selwood  has 
in  this  garden  a  number  of  very  useful  movable 
span-shaped  frames,  about  2^  feet  high,  and  as 
wide  at  the  bottom  as  will  admit  of  their  being 
placed  over  rows  of  early  Peas,  Potatos,  French 
Beans,  or  Christmas  Roses  (which  latter  are 
grown  in  large  quantities),  and  for  covering 
which  they  are  used  at  the  end  of  the 
year,  coming  in  for  the  other  things  named 
in  succession,  as  also  for  Strawberries  to  fill 
up  the  time  between  the  latest  forced  and  the 
first  from  the  open  ground.  At  the  middle  of 
May  a  quartet  of  this  fruit  was  nice  and  snug 
beneath  them.  They  are  open  at  the  ends,  so 
that  they  butt  together  in  continuous  lines,  and 
in  this  way  admit  sufficient  air  to  whatever  is 
under  them. 


CrrRON  Culture  in  Corsica.  —  The  Citron 
seems  to  be  the  most  important  article  of  trade 
in  Corsica.  It  is  stated  to  have  much  improved  of 
late,  after  some  years  of  stagnation.  The  1SS5  crop 
was  very  large.  About  one-fnurth  of  the  annual 
produce  is  usually  exported  to  England  in  brine,  to 
be  there  manufactured  into  candied  citron.  The  re- 
mainder formerly  went  to  Leghorn,  to  be  manufac- 
tured for  Holland  and  America,  but  two  large  pre- 
serving factories  are  now  at  work  at  Bastia,  and  the 
whole  of  this  important  manufacture  will  probably  be 
carried  on  in  the  island  in  future. 


GUNNERA  MANICATA.* 
A  FEW  days  ago  the  new  curator  sent  in  a  speci- 
men of  a  huge  Gunnera  to  the  herbarium  to  ask  if  it 
was  the  true  manicata,  and  I  was  astonished  to  find 
that  not  only  had  we  no  specimen  of  the  plant  in  the 
herbarium,  but  that,  although  it  has  been  before  the 
world  twenty  years,  that  it  has  never  been  described. 
Upon  reporting  the  state  of  the  case  to  Mr.  Nicholson 
he  immediately  applied  to  Sir  George  Macleay,  and 
procured  from  his  gardener,  Mr.  Ross,  a  fine  speci- 
men in  lull  flower,  from  which  the  annexed  description 
and  diagnosis  has  been  made,  and  which  is  now  in 
process  of  being  dried  for  our  herbarium. 

G,  manicata  was  discovered  about  1S65  in  Southern 
Brazil,  by  the  unfortunate  traveller  Libon.  The 
locality  is  described  as  marshes  at  the  foot  of  the  first 
ramparts  of  the  Serra  do  Mir,  at  a  iihce  called 
Campos  de  Lages.  It  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
found  by  any  one  else,  and  Professor  Kinitz,  who 
recently  monographed  the  order  Haloragace^  for  the 
grand  Flora  Brasiliensis,  edited  by  Martius  and 
Eichler,  had  never  seen  a  specimen,  and  merely  men- 
tions it  by  name.  No  other  Gunnera  has  been  found 
anywhere  on  Brazilian  territory.  It  is  quite  distinct 
specifically  from  the  Chilian  and  li  »livian  Gunnera 
chilensis  of  Lamarck,  which  is  almost  always  known 
in  gardens  by  its  later  name,  G.  scabra,  of  Ruiz  and 
Pavon.  This  is  rather  less  robust  than  manicata, 
with  fewer  narrower  scale-leaves  at  the  base  of  the 
peduncle,  leaves  different  in  shape  and  texture, 
thicker,  with  the  basal  lobes  much  shorter  and 
incurved  ;  flower-spikes  very  much  shorter  and  stitTer, 
individual  flowers  much  smaller,  and,  if  our  live  Kew 
plant  represent  it  properly,  with  much  shorter  styles 
and  stamens  deciduous  in  an  early  stage  of  the  flower, 
instead  of  remaining  till  the  styles  are  fully  deve- 
loped. Very  likely  the  flowers  are  polygamous,  and 
in  some  of  them  no  stamens  are  developed. 

The  following  description  of  G.  manicata  is  drawn 
up  entirely  from  Sir  G.  Macleay's  specimen  :  — 

Rootstock  very  thick,  decumbent.  Scale  haves 
very  abundantly  produced  round  the  base  of  the 
peduncle,  equalling  it  in  length,  lanceolate,  lacerated, 
at  first  pale  pink  and  membranous,  finally  becoming 
brown  and  scariose.  Proper  leaves  with  a  green 
terete  petiole,  3  feet  long,  2  inches  thick,  copiously 
armed  with  sprearling  prickles  ;  blade  cordate- 
orbicular,  4  feet  in  diameter  (Libon  says  the  leaf 
attains  5  metres  in  circumference),  with  a  basal  sinus 
15  —  18  inches  deep,  and  two  imbricated  round  basal 
lobes,  paler  green  than  in  scabra,  quite  glabrous  on 
both  surfaces,  not  nearly  so  stiff  in  texture,  and  not 
so  scabrous,  palmately  lobed  to  a  depth  of  half  a 
foot ;  lobes  irregularly  toothed  ;  petiole  attached 
at  the  base  of  the  sinus  ;  primary  ribs  five,  muri- 
cated  on  the  underside  of  the  leaf,  the  two 
outer  forked  a  short  space  above  the  base,  the 
three  central  ones  below  the  middle,  the  former 
running  out  into  three  lobes  apiece,  the  latter 
into  two  lobes  apiece,  so  that  the  total  number  of 
lobes  is  twelve.  Peduncle  stout,  muricaled,  half  a 
foot  long.  Panicle  narrow  ovoid,  about  2  feet  long 
and  a  foot  in  diameter,  formed  of^innumerable  ascend- 
ing flaccid  cylindrical  spikes  half  a  foot  long,  with  a 
green  lanceolate  bract  \\—2.  inches  long  at  the  base 
of  each  ;  axis  of  the  spikes  \  inch  diameter ;  flowers 
laxly  disposed,  apetalous,  hermaphrodite  ;  ovary 
green,  globose,  ^V  inch  in  diameter  ;  calyx-teeth  two, 
minute,  deltoid-cuspidate,  placed  alternately  with  the 
stamens  ;  styles  two,  divaricate,  cylindrical,  as  long 
as  the  ovary,  joined  only  at  the  very  base,  hairy  all 
the  way  down  ;  stamens  two,  as  long  as  the  styles, 
with  a  stout  green  cylindrical  fi'ament  as  long  as  the 
subglobose  reddish  brown  anther;  pollen  yellow. 

"  Cuintern  manicata,  Hort.  Lin-'en,  Belg.  Hurt.,  1867, 
p.  104  (n.nme  only)  ;  A.  DC.  in  DC.  Prod.,  vol.  xvi.,  pi.  2, 
p.  600  (name only  ;  Kanitz.  in  Fl.  Bras.,  vol.  jiiii.,  pt.  2,  p,  382 
(name  only);  Rodigas.  milt.  Hort.,  i88i.  p.  128,  tab.  DXxxi. 
(coloured  figure,  showing  general  habit,  without  description). — 
Herbacea  maxima,  caudice  brevi,  petiolis  crassis  elong.itis 
terelibus  muricaiis,  foliis  corda'o  orbicularibus  palmatil^dis 
flaccidis  elabris  lobis  basalibus  magnis  imbncatis,  pedjnculis 
semipedalibus  crassis  muricatis  foTiis  rudimentarils  copiosis 
scariosis  rubelUs  cinctis,  floribiis  parvis  herniaphruditis  in 
paniculam  bipedalem  ramis  spicatis  laxiflorls  flaccidis  bracteatis 
semipedalibus  dispositis,  ovario  ploboso,  dentibus  calycinis 
minutis  deltoideo-cuspidatis,  petalis  abortivis,  st)Iis  ovario 
ajquilongis,     sta-ninibus    crecto-patentibus    ovario    iequilongis 


As  the  description  of  G.  chilensis  in  the  Prodromus 
is  evidently  drawn  up  from  herbarium  specimens 
I  will  give  a  short  one  made  from  the  living  plant, 
to  compare  with  the  above.  The  date  of  publica- 
tion of  Lamarck's  name,  Gunnera  chilensis,  is  1789  ; 
of  Ruiz  and  Pavon 's  name  Gunnera  scabra  is  1797  ; 
and  they  evidently  mean  the  same  species. 

Caudex  erect,  about  a  span  long  ;  scale  leaves  fewer 
and  not  so  brightly  coloured  as  in  manicata  ;  petiole 
terete,  3  feet  long,  \\  inch  thick,  copiously  muri- 
caled ;  bladecordate-orbicular,  3  feet  in  diameter,  dark 
green,  very  rugose,  quite  glabrous,  much  firmer  in 
texture  than  in  manicata,  with  a  broad  open  basal 
sinus,  and  short  rounded  basal  lobes  incurved  like 
those  of  Viola  cucullata  ;  peduncle  terete,  muricated, 
\  a  foot  long,  above  an  inch  thick  j  panicle  oblong- 
cylindrical,  15 — 18  inches  long,  3—4  inches  in  dia- 
meter ;  spikes  erecto-patent,  stiff,  cylindrical,  I  —  Ij 
inch  long,  \  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  linear  bract  at  the 
base  ;  flowers  densely  disposed,  reddish-brown,  just 
like  those  of  manicata  in  structure,  but  much  smaller, 
with  the  anther  either  not  developed  or  falling  in  an 
early  stage. 

Our  wild  specimens  of  G.  chilensis  in  the  Kew 
herbarium  are  as  follows  :  — I.  Juan  Fernandez, 
Douglas ;  2,  Cbiloe,  Captain  King  ;  3,  neat  the 
city  of  Baldivia,  Lechler,  222  ;  4,  Lake  of  Quintero, 
Valparaiso,  Bridges,  216  ;  5,  Andes  of  Bolivia,  at  an 
altitude  of  3000 — 3200  metres,  Manden,  S98. 
Andre  states  that  in  Guernsey  the  leaves  teach  a 
diameter  of  2 — 2\  metres. 

Of  allied  species  described  in  the  Prodromus,  G. 
commutata,  Blume,  is  known  very  imperfectly  and 
not  localised  ;  G.  insignis,  A.  DC,  was  discovered 
by  Oersted  in  Costa  Rica  ;  G.  bracteata,  Bennett,  from 
Juan  Fernandez  has  usually  a  little  petal  developed  ; 
and  G.  pellata,  Philippi,  from  Juan  Fernandez, 
has  peltate  leaves.  G.  bracteata  is  figured  by  Hems- 
ley  in  the  Botany  of  the  Voyage  of  ihe  "  Challenger," 
t.  84.  Besides  these  there  have  been  since  been 
published  G.  glabra,  Philippi,  from  Juan  Fernandez; 
G.  brephagea,  Andre,  in  ///.  Hort.,  n.s. ,  t.  Ill,  from 
New  Granada,  with  peltate  leaves  ;  and  G.  umbra- 
culifera,  Linden,  Cat.,  1875.  If  any  of  these  are 
alive  in  English  gardens  it  is  desirable  that  descrip- 
tions made  from  the  living  plant  should  be  placed  on 
record,  J.  G.  Baker. 


ABIES    PINSAPO. 

In  a  previous  number  (October  10,  1855)  we  gave 
an  illustration  of  a  single  cone  and  a  branch  of  this 
distinct  and  handsome  Silver  Fir.  To  make  Ihe 
illustration  more  complete,  we  now  add  a  sketch 
showing  the  arrangement  and  form  of  the  male  cat- 
kins (fig.  I).  It  will  be  seen  that  they  are  placed  in  Ihe 
axils  of  Ihe  leaves  on  all  sides  of  the  branch  (owing  to 
the  way  in  which  the  leaves  spread  on  all  sides).  Each 
catkin  is  about  half  an  inch  in  length,  oblong  obtuse 
The  anthers  are  Pear-shaped,  rich  violet  colour,  and 
the  connective  is  prolonged  at  the  back  into  a  short, 
abrupt  point,  not  shown  in  the  drawing.  The  pollen 
grains  are  provided  with  two  air-sacs.  In  our  previous 
note  we  alluded  to  some  peculiarities  in  the  growth 
of  the  tree,  and,  among  other  things,  to  the  circum- 
stance that  the  terminal  bud  of  the  shoots  usually 
expands  first  in  spring  (as  in  many  other  Firs).  This, 
however,  is  not  constant,  for  in  some  shoots  pushing 
out  of  season  in  the  autumn  of  last  yeat  some,  but 
not  all,  of  the  latetal  buds  wete  mote  advanced  than  the 
terminal  one. 


fllamentis 


s  antheris  subglob.sis  a:quiIoDgi$. 


THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 

No.  V. 
Cyprus. — The  exhibits  from  this  recent  addition 
to  the  British  possessions  are  not  numerous,  but  they 
are  nevertheless  of  very  great  interest,  particularly 
from  an  antiquarian  point  of  view.  There  are,  how- 
ever, comparatively  few  vegetable  products,  and  these 
include  sections  of  the  principal  timber  trees,  and  col- 
lections of  fruits  and  seeds,  none  of  which  call  for  any 
remark  except,  perhaps,  some  fine  pods  of  the  Catob 
bean,  St.  John's  Bread  or  Locust  (Ceratonia  siliqua), 
and  a  sample  of  a  coarse  kind  of  molasses  or  honey, 
extracted  from  them.  These  dark  brown  or  blackish 
beans  are  well  known  in  most  town,  and  are  usually 
to  be  seen  in  small  shops  in  poor  neighbourhoods, 
being  sold  to  children  who  eat  them  for  the  sake 
of  the  sugar  they  contain.     About  30,000  tons  of  these 


JOLY  3,    1886.1 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


9 


beans  are  annually  shipped  from  Cyprus,  the  average 
price  being  about  £1  per  ton.  They  are  principally 
used  for  making  the  patent  cattle  foods  now  so  much 
advertised.  At  one  time  Locust  pods  had  a  reputa- 
tion for  clearing  the  voice,  and  were  used  for  that 
purpose  by  singers. 

An  object  of  especial  attention  from  Cyprus  is  the 
native  cart,  such  as  has  been  in  use  for  over  2000  years, 
and  is  still  used  in  the  island.  Its  construction  is  of 
the  roughest  character,  the  wood  being  simply  hewn 
with  an  axe,  and  the  whole  put  together  without  the 
use  of  a  nail, 

Canada. 

Next  to  the  Indian  collection  the  Canadian  exhibits 
occupy  the  greatest  space.  The  agricullural  trophies, 
consisting  of  cereals  in  the  upper  portion,  and  a 
splendid  collection  of  fruits  such  as  Apples,  Pears, 
Cherries,  Raspberries,  preserved  in  6uid  with  all 
their  rosy  tints,  and  some  very  large  and  very  bright 
red  Cranberries  in  the  lower  portion,  attract,  of 
course,  much  attention.  These  fruits  are  so  interest- 
ing as  to  demand  special  notice,  and  may  therefore 


other  18  feet  8  inches  ;  each  trunk  is  about  14  or  15 
feet  high,  they  are  said  to  weigh  5  tons  each,  and  are 
the  largest  logs  in  the  whole  exhibition  ;  they  are 
certainly  most  noble  specimens  A  piece  of  each  is 
cut  out  in  front,  and  polished  to  show  the  grain, 
which  is  even,  of  a  beautiful  deep  red  colour,  easily 
worked,  and  takes  a  good  polish  ;  the  wood  is  very 
generally  used  by  cabinet-makers  in  Queensland  and 
New  South  Wales,  as  well  as  in  India  and 
Burma,  where  the  tree  also  grows.  The  trunks  in 
question  were  grown  on  the  Blackall  Range  in 
the  Moreton  district.  Woods  are  particularly  well 
shown  in  the  Queensland  court  ;  the  collection  is 
very  complete  ;  they  are  all  carefully  selected  and  are 
well  cut,  polished,  and  labelled,  and  amongst  them 
are  some  of  more  than  usual  interest,  especially 
amongst  the  Liliacese,  Palms,  and  Filices,  such,  for 
instance,  as  Dracaena  angustifolia,  Ptychospermia 
Normanbyi,  Licuala  Muelleri,  Dicksonia  Youngii, 
&c.  These,  of  course,  are  more  of  scientific  than 
commercial  interest  ;  but  there  are  a  very  large 
number   that   should   attract    the    attention    of    the 


Fig.    I.— ABIES    PINSAPO  :     MALE    FLOWERS.      (SEE   P.    8.) 


be  passed  over  in  this  general  sketch.  Woods  also 
are  very  prominent  in  this  court,  as  might  be  ex- 
pected. A  very  good  collection  is  shown  beneath 
this  trophy,  and  the  trees  are  illustrated  by  a  series 
of  excellent  photographs.  In  the  centre  of  the  court 
are  some  fine  slabs  of  Columbian  Pine.  The  very  fine 
series  of  woods  from  New  Brunswick  are  especially 
attractive,  each  wood  being  shown  in  various  stages  of 
bark  in  old  and  young  wood,  longitudinal  and  trans- 
verse sections,  and  on  the  chief  panel  of  each  wood  is  a 
painting  of  a  branch  in  Sower  or  fruit.  Between  the 
panels  of  each  kind  are  small  pilasters  of  branches 
with  the  bark  on  of  the  same  tree.  Some  finely 
selected  woods  form  this  group,  and  among  them  are 
American  Larch,  Spruce,  Hemlock,  Maple,  Beetle- 
nut,  Ash,  Birch,  Oak,  Beech,  &c.  Articles  in  Birch 
bark  are  numerous,  and  on  the  south-west  basin  is  a 
real  Birch  bark  canoe. 

Queensland. 

This  court  is  contiguous  to  Canada,  and  the  first 

things  that  strike  us  on  entering  it  are  two  magnificent 

trunks  of  Australian  Cedar  (Cedrela  toona) ;  one  of 

these  measures  20  feet  5   inches  in    girth,  and  the 


cabinet  maker.  An  excellent  descriptive  catalogue 
of  these  woods  has  been  prepared  by  Mr.  F.  N, 
Bailey,  F.L.S.  (Colonial  Botanist),  which  consists  of 
eighty-six  pages,  aud  treats  of  427  woods  arranged 
under  their  natural  orders  and  genera. 

New  South  Wales. 
Though  the  collection  from  this  colony  is  very 
extensive,  and  there  are  some  fine  sections  of  timber, 
the  vegetable  products  on  the  whole  are  not  striking, 
nevertheless  there  are  some  interesting  exhibits,  for 
instance,  a  large  quantity  of  a  woolly  substance  like 
fur  is  labelled  "  Pulse  from  base  of  stalks  of  Macro- 
zamia  spiralis,"  a  new  product,  it  would  seem,  from 
a  Cycadeous  plant,  used,  we  suppose,  lor  stuffing 
cushions.  A  curious  and  interesting  ethnological  col- 
lection is  shown  from  New  Guinea,  amongst  them 
several  singular  wooden  drums  ornamented  with 
festoons  of  the  hard  seed  shells  of  Pangium  edule, 
which  are  probably  used  for  the  rattling  sound 
they  would  give  when  shaken,  as  well  as  lor 
their  ornamentation.  One  case  is  filled  with  the 
celebrated  Cabbage  tree  hats  made  from  the  split 
and  plaited    leaves   of    Livistona    australis.      They 


are  labelled  as  being  made  of  "grass  grown  and 
plaited  by  natives ;"  the  price  of  a  single  hat  varies 
from  1 5 J,  to  20  guineas. 

Western  Australia. 
The  most  remarkable  exhibits  in  this  court  are  the 
marvellously  fine  specimens  and  blocks  of  Jarrah 
wood  (Eucalyptus  marginata).  A  portion  of  one 
enormous  trunk  lies  on  its  side,  the  cross  section  of 
the  base  of  which  is  highly  polished,  showing  to 
great  advantage  the  beautiful  deep  red  colour  of  the 
wood.  A  magnificent  specimen  of  curly  Jarrah, 
which  has  dark,  wavy,  transverse  markings  is  also 
shown.  It  is  called  a  counter  top — much  too  beau- 
tiful, however,  for  such  a  use — and  measures  prob- 
ably 14  or  15  feet  long  long,  by  some  2  feet  or  2  feet 
6  inches  wide.  The  woods  shown  in  this  court,  like 
those  from  Queensland,  are  exceptionally  well  pre- 
pared and  polished.  Jarrah  wood  is  well  known  to 
be  the  most  desirable  of  all  woods  for  moist  or  damp 
situations,  indeed  it  may  be  said  for  any  situation,  as  it 
bears  not  only  changes  of  temperature  without  injury, 
but  it  also  resists  the  attacks  of  Teredo,  white  ant, 
orany  similar  destructive  agency.  As  proof  of  its  dura- 
bility a  specimen  is  shown  that  has  been  lying  on  the 
beach  at  Bunbury  for  a  period  of  thirty-six  years, 
where  it  has  experienced  the  action  of  the  waves, 
sun,  wind,  and  sand  without  any  apparent  injury. 
Several  other  interesting  woods  are  to  be  seen  in  thii 
court,  and  one  notable  object  is  a  Black  Boy  trunk 
(Xanthorrhsea)  20  feet  high— a  remarkable  specimen, 
beside  which  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Kingia  australii 
in  flower. 

Victoria. 

Here,  as  in  the  other  Australian  courts,  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  genus  Eucalyptus  are  very  prominent. 
Mr.  Joseph  Bosisto,  the  President  of  the  Victorian 
Commission,  who  has  been  so  long  and  so  well  known 
for  his  work  in  the  development  of  the  oils  and  resins 
of  the  Eucalypti,  is  a  prominent  exhibitor  of  these 
products,  amongst  which  are  essential  oils  of  Euca- 
lyptus amygdalina,  E.  globulus,  E.  oleosa,  E.  dumosa, 
E.  citriodora,  E.  obliqua,  &c.  These  oils  have 
antiseptic  and  disinfectant  properties,  and  that  of  E. 
globulus  is  tonic  and  stimulant.  Here  also  are 
cigarettes  of  the  leaves  of  Eucalyptus  globulus,  recom- 
mended for  bronchial  and  asthmatic  affections  ;  Euca- 
lyptus disinfectant  pastiles,  the  fumes  of  which  are 
said  to  be  of  great  service  in  diseases  of  the  respiratory 
organs,  and  to  have  the  effect  of  driving  mosquitos 
out  of  the  room.  The  resin  of  the  Black  Boy  or 
Grass-tree  of  Australia  (Xanthorrhcea  australis)  is 
also  shown.  It  is  soluble  in  spirit,  producing  a  deep 
amber  colour,  employed  in  staining  wood  to  imitate 
Cedar  and  Oak.  It  is  stated  that  in  Mr.  Bosisto's 
factory  in  Western  Gippsland  12,000  lb.  of  Eucalyptus 
oil  are  annually  produced,  and  as  many  as  six  tons  of 
Eucalyptus  leaves  are  manipulated  daily.  There  is  a 
remarkably  good  collection  of  Victorian  woods,  each 
specimen  having  a  representation  of  the  plant  yielding 
it  painted  upon  it :  a  slab  of  Eucalyptus  rostrata  mea- 
sures some  10  feet  by  3  feet.  An  excellent  catalogue 
of  Victorian  exhibits  is  published  by  authority,  in 
which  are  many  useful  notes  on  the  woods  and  other 
vegetable  products. 

South  Australia, 

This  court  will  best  be  remembered  for  its  scene  on 
the  Murray  River,  illustrating  aboriginals  at  home. 
A  very  good  collection  of  Australian  fruits,  of  forest 
trees  and  shrubs,  are  shown  in  table-cases,  and  a  re- 
presentative series  of  South  Australian  woods  well 
selected  and  arranged  in  convenient-sized  panels. 
As  an  illustration  of  the  growth  of  the  Cork  Oak 
(Quercus  suber)  in  the  colony,  a  specimen  of  cork  is 
exhibited,  grown  at  Mount  Lofty,  near  Adelaide,  at 
an  elevation  of  2300  feet.  The  trees  were  raised 
from  acorns  obtained  from  Spain  in  1884,  and 
that  from  which  the  exhibited  specimen  of  cork 
was  taken  was  in  January  of  the  present  year  20  feet 
high. 

Tobacco  also  seems  to  have  made  some  advance  in 
the  colony.  An  Adelaide  firm  exhibits  manufactured 
Tobaccos,  and  the  note  referring  to  them  in  the  South 
Australian  catalogue  is  as  follows: — "This  firm 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  Tobacco  in  Adelaide 
about  nine  years  ago,  and  now  have  a  factory  replete 
with  the  best  and  most  modern  machinery,  which  is 
driven  by  a  2ohorse  power  engine,  and  the  presses 
are  worked  by  hydraulic  pumps.  About  sixty  persons 
are  employed  in  making  twist,  plug,  nail-rod,  and 
other  kinds  and  grades  of  Tobacco.     Carpenters'  and 


lO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  3,  1SS6. 


blacksmilhs'  shops  are   attached  to  the  factory,   so 
that  very  little  work  has  to  be  sent  outside," 

Rustic  Work. 

Messrs.  Dick  Radclyfte  &  Co.,  of  High  Hol- 
born,  exhibit  largely  at  South  Kensington  this  year. 
Specimens  of  their  handiwork,  arranged  in  a  very 
realistic  manner,  may  be  seen  in  what  is  called  the 
encampment  at  the  Victoria  court  (the  proper 
term  or  native  name  for  which  is  mla  mia).  This 
encampment  is  an  exact  representation  of  those 
made  by  the  natives  when  the  white  men  first  arrived 
in  Victoria.  The  huts— if  they  can  be  so  called— 
were  of  the  most  primitive  description,  being  simply 
made  of  a  few  sheets  of  bark.  They  always  faced  the 
east,  so  as  to  catch  the  first  rays  of  the  morning  sun. 
Some  of  the  natives  had  a  good  idea  of  drawing,  and 
they  used  to  scratch  figures  of  the  emu  or  kangaroo 
on  the  smoked  bark,  or  figures  of  themselves  en- 
gaged in  the  "corroboiee  "  (their  native  dance)  or 
fighting. 

Their  weapons  consisted  of  spears,  shields,  boome- 
rangs, and  waddies,  or  clubs  of  different  shapes, 
and  stone  tomahawks.  The  women  were  clever  at 
making  nets  for  fishing,  baskets,  maps,  &c. 

This  cimp  has  been  erected  as  it  is  thought  it  will 
prove  of  interest  to  many  who  have  never  seen  any- 
thing of  the  kind  before,  for  it  is  hard  to  imagine  ihit 
less  than  fifty  years  ago  the  only  dwellings  which 
existed  on  the  site  of  the  great  city  of  Melbourne 
were  similar  to  these,  and  the  only  sounds  which 
broke  the  stillness  were  the  howl  of  the  wild  dog,  the 
shouts  of  the  wild  man,  or  the  stroke  of  his  stone 
tomahawk.  The  weapons,  &c.,  exhibited  are  genuine, 
and  have,  no  doubt,  often  been  used  in  hunting  and 
warfare. 

Another  very  interesting  spot  is  the  Fern  cave,  off 
the  West  Indian  court  ;  the  rockwork  in  the  great 
fountain  basin  is  arranged  by  the  Ilolborn  firm. 


BV   THE    ROYAL   HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETY. 


NEW    PLANTS  CERTIFICATED 

BV  THE  ROYAL  DOTANIC  SOCIETY  DURING  THE 

FIRST  HALF-YEAR,  iS86. 

"."  B.C..    Bstamcal  Certificate:   F.r.,   Floral  Cerlifieate ; 

either  being  egnal  to  a  Fi'St-ciass  Certificate. 

Adiantum  fragrintissimum    ..  E.   G.  Henderson,  .\pril  14 — 

B.C. 

/Eranthus  Leonis         ..         ..  J.  DougLis,  May  19— B.C. 

Alocasiarcsina i  «■  «.  W,llian.s.  May  „-B  C. 

*•  t  E.G.  Henderson. May  19— I!  C. 

Amaryllis  Clarinda       ..         ..  J.  Douglas,  March  24— F.C. 

„     Crown  Princess   of  Ger- 
many      Veitch  &  Sons,  .-Vpril  14  — FC. 

,,    Hedila Veitch  &  Sons,  April  14  -  F.C. 

„    Joseph  Broome  . .         ..  B.  S.  Williams,  April  14-F.C. 

„     Lady  Hulsi         ..         ..  Douglas,  March  24— F.C. 

„     Lascclles  ..         ..  Veitch  &  Son,  March a4-FC. 

„     Marsliallii  ..  ..  B.  S.  Williams,  April  14     F  C. 

„     Pioneer Veitch  &  Son,  .\pril  14  -  F.  C. 

,.     Plato         Veilchft  Son,  March  J4-F.C. 

Anihericunililiastrum  major  ..  T.  S.  Ware,  June  9— B.C. 

Aspar.agus  verticillatus  . .  Veitch  &  Sons,  June  9-B  C 

Begonia  Charmer        ..         ..  J.  Laing  &  Co..  June  9— F.C. 

„     Incendic J.  Laing  &  Co.,  May  rg— F.C 

,,     Miss  Amy  Adcock        ..  Laing  &  Co.,  June  9— F.C 

„  Queen  Victoria  ..  ..  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  May  19 -F.C. 
r^Kl  ,..,  t  n«.r,.n.-;^,.r.  1  Laing  &  Co.,  March  34— B.C. 
cattl.ja  Laurcnciana..         ..  j  p   g   Williams.  Mar.  J4-B.C. 

„    Mossi=.  Silvia    ..         ..  J.  DougLis,  May  19-B.C. 

„     splendidissima     ..  ..  H.  Low  &  Co.,  M.iy  ig— B.C. 

„    Keineckiana       ..         ..  H.  Low  &  Co.,  June  9— B.C. 

„     Wagneri H.  Low  i  Co.,  June  9 -B.C. 

Cineraria,  Grand  Duchess     ..  J   James,  March  24-F.C. 

„     Hecia        J.  James,  March  24-F.C. 

.,     Mrs.  Davis  ..         ..  J.  James,  March  24— F.C. 

Clivia.  Mrs.  Laing       ..  ..  Lain- &  Co  ,  March24-F.C. 

Cypripe  Hum  inacr.inthum     ..  T.  S.  Wae,  April  i4_B.C. 

Dendrobium  Leachianum      ..  ThoT.son  &  Son,  March  24— 

B.C. 

Dentaria  polyphylla     ..         ..  Paul  &  Son,  April  14-B  C. 

Dracxnanobilissima    ..  ..  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Co.,  June 

9~F.C. 

Gloxima  Ivanhoe         ..         ..  Veitch  &  Sons,  June  9-F.C. 
Gymnogramma      schi  ophylla 

gloriosa  Veitch  &  Sons,  June  9-B  C. 

Hyacinth,  Grande  Fleur         ..  Veiich  &  Sons,  Mar.  24  -  F.C. 

„     Sir  H,fnry  Berkeley       ..  Veitch  &  Sons,  Mar.  24     F.C. 

Imantophylluai  Distinction    ..  Veiich  &  Sons,  June  q-F.C. 

Laelia  bella  (?) B.  S.  Williams.  May  19-B.C. 

„    Russelliana         ..         ..  B.  S.  Williams,  May  19 -B  C. 

Lissochilus  lutescens  . .         ..  B.  S.  Williams,  June  9  -  B.C. 

Narcissus,  General  Gordon   ..  J.  Douglas,  March  24  -F.C. 
Nephrolepis    rubescens  tripin- 

raiitida  Veitch  &  Sons,  June  9 -B.C. 

Odontoglossum  Pescatorei  Vcr- 

vaetianum        ..         ..  Vervaet,  March  24 — B.C. 

„     Ruckerianum     margina- 
tum         Sander  &  Co.,  May  19-B.C. 

„     vexilUriumva'.  Silvia  ..  J.  Douebs    May  19-B.C. 

Oncidlum  Ktameri  major       . .  B.  S.  Williams,  June  9  -  B.C. 

„    supcrbiens  ..         ..  Sander  &  Co.,  June  9— B.C. 

.,    telracopis B.  S.  Williams,  May  19— B.C. 

Paonia  fesliva  nia.iima  . .  T.  S.  Ware,  June  9-F.C. 

„    inoulan,  Carolina  ..  T.  S.  Ware,  May  19— F.C. 

„    „     Lord  MacauLay       ..  T.  S.  Ware,  May  19— F.C. 

,,    „     Madamede  Valry  ..  T.  S.  Ware,  May  19-F.C. 
Pelargonium  Queen  of  Whi'.es 

Improved        P.  Ladds,  May  ig— F.C. 

Pieris  tremnla  foliosa  . .  . .  Veitch  &  Sons,  June  9  -B  C. 

Pha:nix  hybrida  ..  ..  Veitch  &  Sons,  May  19-B.C. 

Rhododendron  Brookianum  ..  Veitch  Si  Sons,  May  19— B.C. 

„     Gloria  Muiidi      ..  ..  Veitch  &  Sons,  June  9-F.C. 

.,     Pre  idem Veitch  Si  Sons,  May  19  — F.C. 

Ro«a  lucida,  Rose  Button      . .  Veitch  &  Sons,  May  19-B.C. 

Tlllandsia  tesscllata     ..         ..  B.  S.  Williams,  April  14-8  C. 

Todea  grandipinnula    ..         ..  Veitch  Si  Sons,  June  9— B.C. 

Ulmus  Dampieri  aurea  . .  Veitch  &.  Sons,  May  19  -  B.C. 


irylli^    Cn 


of 


T.  S.  Waie,  Ma 


Veiich  &  Sous,  April  1 
Veitch  Si  Sons,  Apr.l  : 
Veitch  &  Sons,  April  s 
B  S.  Williams,  May  : 


,,     Duche-s  of  Albanr      .. 

„     Diiche  sofElinburgh  .. 

,,     Her  M.ajesty 

„     Kiiii;  of  Crinsons 

„     Princes  of  Wal.s 
Anthurium  Schcrzerianu  n  De- 
Arum  palxstinum        .... 
Azalea  mollis  Lord  Shaftesbury    W.  Cutbush  &  Sons,  Ma 


Beaumuntia  grandiHora 
Begonia  Arthur  Malet 


Cattleya  L: 
„     Mendelii  var.   Dake    of 
Marlborough 
Lendyana 

.  Arnoldi     . , 
E,  Schroederiana.. 


A.  Waterer,  Jun 
Ruffet,  April  27. 
M.  GodefroyLebeuf,  Jun 
Canncll&  Sons,  Mar.hg. 
Ba  on  Schroder,  March  2; 


Kio 


„     En 

specie 


Fnlillaria  E.  H.  Krelage 
,,     CorneiUe   .. 
„     Siege  of  H..arlen 


F.  Sander  &  Co  ,  May  25. 
Major  Lendy,  Aprd  27. 
C.  H.  Hill,  June  22. 
Schroder,  Feb.  9. 
..     R.  Measures,  Feb  g. 
Fairfax    Fairfax,  June  8. 

{CompagnieContinentaled  I 
ticulture,  April  27. 
R.  B.  White,  April  27. 
..     Lee,  April  13. 
irianum    Cum  uins,  March  9. 


.  Schroder,  March  23. 

.  Th  .mson  &  Son,  Mar.  2. 

.  Paul  St  Son.  June  22 

,  E.  H.  Krelage,  April  17. 

,  E.  H.  Krelage,  April  27. 

.  E.  H.  Krelage,  April  27. 

.  E.  H.  Krelage.  April  27. 
f  Barr  i<:  Son.  Feb.  9. 


■  (.  T.  S.  Wa 


,  Feb. 


Lithosp^rmum     graminifo 

Masdevallia  racemosa  Crot 
Myosotidium  nobile 

s  C.  J.  Backhousf 


Ban 


Nelst 


nspic 


T.  S.  Ware,  April  27. 

B.  S.  Williams.  May  25 
Veitch  Si  Sons,  March  s 
Veitch  h  Sons.  March  : 
T.  S.  Ware.  Feb.  9. 
Kelway  &  Son,  June.  8, 
T.  S.  Ware,  May  25 
Pickersgill,  April  13. 
Lawrence,  April  13. 
Loder,  .\pril  13. 
Barr  Si  Son,  Ap.il  27. 
r  St  Son   April  12. 


Wal 


T.  S 
T.  S. 


,  March  g. 
Si  Son,  April  a 
Ware,  April  2 
Ware,  April  a 


,,    spurius  Henry  Irving  _.. 
Odontoglossum  crispum  apia- 

turn Schroder,  April  27. 

,,     luteo-purpureum  va 
coglossum 

■  Courtaldi 


Pest 


Oncidiun 


(Kn 


indulai 


Sander  &  Co.,  April  27. 
Courtauld,  April  13. 
Kno.v,  April  13. 
Vervaet  &  Co.,  March  2, 
I^orman,  January  12. 
H.  Ballantine,  Jun;  22. 
H.  M.  Pollett,  Mry  25. 
Major  Lendy,  April  27. 
Kelway  S:  Son,  June  8. 
T.  S.  Ware,  June  8. 
F.  G.  Tautz,  Jii 


Pxony  Ecla 
,,  festiva 
„     Lilacin 

„  moutan  Madame  L-ilTay  T.  S.  Ware,  May  25. 
„  „  Reme  Elizabeth  ..  T.  S  Ware,  May  1 1 
„  Princess  Beatrice  ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Jul 
,,  Princess  of  Wales  ..  Kelway  Si  Son.  Jiim 
Purity       E.G.  Tautz,  J 


„     Queen  Victor-a  ..  . 

Pelargonium  purpureum 
Petunia  Empress 
Phcenix  hybrida 
Primula  Crimson  Beauty 

,,     Aoribunda  .. 

,,     Improvement 
P.imrose  Scott  Wilson 
Protea  cynaroides 

Pteris  crelica  H.  B.  May       . 
Pyrethrum  cilia 

„    Mrs.  B.  Brown  .. 

„     Ormonde 

,,     Princess  of  Wales 
Rose   H  P.  Gloire   Lyonna-s 
Thuia  borealis  lutca    .. 
Thunia  Veitchiana       .. 
Verbena  La-Jy  C.  Beresfjrd  . 
Vanda  coerulescens  var.  vest 
Zygopetalum  obtusatum 

Potato  Chiswick  Favourite    . 
,,     King  of  Russets  .. 


Kelway  Si  Soil.  June  22. 
C.  Tun.er,  May  25. 
Hooper  S:  Co..  June  22. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  ,\Iayir. 
R   Dean,  April  27. 
T.  S.  Waro,  Feb.  9. 
Cani.ellSi  Sons,  Feb  9. 
Wilson,  Apiil  13. 
W.   E.    Hubbaid.   June   2 

BC. 
H.  B.  May,  April  37. 
Kelway  Si  Son.  Junes. 
T.  S.  Ware,  June  8. 
Kelway  &S.n,  June  8. 
KelwaySl  Son,  June  8. 
Paul  Si  Son.  April  27. 
Slocock  &  Son,  Jane  22. 
Veitch  Si  Sons.  June  22. 
W.  Stacey,  June  8 
Captain  Vipan,  May  3S. 
F.    Sander  Si  Co.,  June  : 

B.C. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  March  30. 
J   Lye,  March  30. 
J.  Bennett,  March  30. 


ROUND  LIVERPOOL. 

(Continued from  t>.  818,  vol.  .x.xv.) 

Ottkrspool,  the  Residence  ok  Sir  Thomas 
Edwaeds-Moss. — There  are  frequent  trains  from  the 
Central,  or  St.  James's  Street  Stations  to  Otterspool 
Station,  to  which  these  grounds  adjoin. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  places  round 
Liverpool,  The  natural  undulation  of  the  grounds, 
which  have  been  nicely  laid  out  and  are  very  well 
kept,  coupled  with  the  beautiful  view  which  the  river 
here  presents,  make  the  place  at  all  times  interesting 
It  is  well  wooded,  which  gives  a  feeling  of  shelter — a 
condition  of  the  first  importance  in  a  locality  so  ex- 
posed to  the  western  gales  as  this.  The  carriage  road 
leads  through  the  valley,  now  green  and  fertile,  but 
which  was  once  a  pool  Ir  ading  from  the  river,  and  from 


which  we  understand  the  place  takes  its  name,  Otters- 
pool.  A  shady  walk,  with  a  high  bank  on  the  windy 
side,  runs  down  to  a  pretty  Swiss  chalet,  just  at  the 
edge  of  the  river,  from  whence  may  be  seen  the  distant 
Welsh  hills.  Near  the  house  is  a  lofty  structure, 
which  is  principally  occupied  by  fine  Camellias 
planted  out,  some  of  which  are  from  10  to  12  feet 
high  ;  the  roof  is  covered  with  Roses,  A  range  of 
three  span-roofed  houses  is  mostly  devoted  to  the 
production  of  flowers  for  cutting  ;  here  is  a  beautiful 
lot  of  Eucharis  amazonica  in  the  best  possible  con- 
dition ;  a  quantity  of  bulbous  Calanthes  for  winter 
blooming,  and  numerous  flowering  and  fine-leaved 
stove  plants.  One  of  these  houses  is  naw  filled  with 
Melons  that  look  very  promising. 

Another  house  contains  a  general  collection  of 
greenhouse  plants,  including  Fuchsias  from  autumn- 
struck  cuttings,  which  Mr.  Lindsay,  the  gardener 
here,  grows  remarkably  well ;  Kalosanthes,  Pelar- 
goniums, Lilies,  and  the  usual  stock.  In  this  house 
are  good  examples  of  the  red  and  the  whie 
Lipagerias. 

Next  is  a  stove,  in  which,  amongst  other  things,  is 
Anthurium  Andreanum,  several  examples  of  A. 
Siherzerianum,  Gardenias,  and  other  favourite  flowers 
fur  cutting.  At  the  south  end  of  the  house,  close  to 
the  glass,  several  plants  of  Dendrobium  moschalum 
are  grown  ;  in  this  light  position  they  do  beautifully  ; 
they  were  showing  quantities  of  flower-spikes,  such  as 
this  handsome,  but  olten  somewhat  shy  flowering 
species,  will  not  produce  unless  grown  where  fully 
exposed  to  the  amount  of  light  it  gets  here.  I.i 
another  house  are  a  large  quantity  of  tuberous  Bego- 
nias in  promising  condition.  There  is  a  nice  selec- 
tion of  Orchids,  including  a  number  of  Caltleyas  and 
various  other  species  that  are  growing  very  well. 

A  number  of  young  two-yeir-old  \'ines  grown  in 
pots  and  turned  out  in  one  of  the  vineries  were  just 
colouring  a  good  crop.  Muscats,  good  young  Vines 
bearing  a  beautiful  lot  of  bunches,  occupy  a  second 
vinery.  The  back  wall  in  this  house  is  covered  with 
Oleanders  planted  out,  which  we  understand  flower 
profusely — a  circumstance  scarcely  to  have  been 
expected  under  the  conditions  of  shade  that  here 
exist — the  heat  given  to  the  Vines  no  doubt  affects 
the  ripening  of  the  wood  essential  to  flowering. 
Another  house  has  been  recently  planted  with  Vines. 

There  is  a  long  range  of  lean-to  houses  facing  east, 
the  first  of  which  has  Peaches  on  the  back  wall,  with 
Azaleas  in  front.  The  next  is  another  long  Peach- 
house,  with  trees  similaily  on  the  back  wall,  and 
Strawberriet  in  from.  Adjoining  is  a  late  vineiy, 
principally  Alicante  and  Lady  Downe's,  both  carrying 
a  fine  crop. 

Here  also  are  grown  immense  quantities  of  Chry- 
santhemums for  general  decorative  use  and  for  the 
production  of  cut  flowers  for  exhibition.  With  these 
Mr.  Lindsay  is  very  successful,  last  year  taking  the 
highest  award  at  Hull — £i^  and  a  Chalhnge  Cup. 

Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  &  Son, 
who  in  addition  to  hardy  evergreen  and  deciduous 
trees  and  shrubs,  cultivate  large  quantities  of  flower- 
ing and  fine-leaved  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
some  of  which,  particularly  Crotons  and  Dracxnas 
(as  may  be  seen  at  the  Liverpool  show),  they 
have  made  a  specialty  of,  and  which  in  the  con- 
dition they  are  brought  out  by  Messrs.  Ker  in  the 
beautiful  miscellaneous  groups  they  so  successfully 
exhibit  at  the  Liverpool,  the  Manchester,  and  other 
leading  shows,  are  examples  of  high  cultivation. 

The  Liverpool  Horticultural  Co. 
Of  this,  Mr.  Cowan  is  the  representative.  Their 
nursery  is  at  Garston,  a  few  miles  out  of  Liverpool, 
and  is  easily  reached  by  train.  Besides  the  ordinary 
nursery  stock  the  Company  have  gone  largely  into 
Orchids,  of  which,  we  understand,  they  are  in  pos- 
session of  large  quantities,  established  plants,  as  well 
as  those  that  they  keep  on  importing, 

Mr.  J.  Davies,  Brook  Lane  Nursery,  Ormskirk. 
In  addition  to  the  usual  slock  to  be  met  with  in 
nurseries  generally,  Mr.  Davies  has  identified  his 
name  with  a  race  of  sweet-scented  hybrid  Rhododen- 
drons that  are  deservedly  held  in  much  favour,  and 
are  extensively  grown.  If  we  recollect  aright  they 
are  crosses  between  R.  multiflorum  and  R.  EJg- 
worthii, 

Messrs.  J,  Cunningham  &  Son's 
old-established    nurseiy    at    Oak    Vale     has    been 
long    celebrated    for     Rhododendrons,    many    fine 


July  3,   1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


It 


varieties  of  which  have  been  raised  by  the 
vtteran,  Mr.  Cunningham.  Notwithstanding  the 
ioroads  of  that  terrible  person — the  builder — who 
here,  as  in  the  case  of  many  other  nurseries  in 
the  vicinity  of  large  towns,  has  encroached  on  the 
space,  there  is,  we  understand,  still  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  this  favourite  evergreen  shrub. 


mn\^i  |pw  and  ^Ikaitings. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  VEXII.LARIUM. 

Mr.  Ridout  (p.  797,  vol.  xxv.)  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful with  the  culture  of  this  plant.  Nine  and  ten 
blooms  on  a  spike  are  the  largest  number  I  ever  heard 
of.  We  have  had  eight  flowers  frequently,  and  some  of 
the  bulbs  on  our  largest  plants  produced  four  spikes  to 
one  bulb,  and  with  an  aggregate  of  twenty-eight 
flowers.  Mr.  Ridout  will  pardon  me  if  I  ventuie  to 
say  the  labt  sentence  in  his  letter  is  rather  vague. 
"They  do  best  by  being  kept  gently  growing  nearly 
all  the  year  round."  May  I  ask  at  what  time  of  the 
year  they  are  not  to  be  kept  growing  ?  I  would  pre- 
fer the  sentence  I  have  quoted  minus  the  word 
"  nearly."  I  counted  the  flowers  and  spikes  as  nearly 
as  I  could  on  our  large  plant  ;  but  on  cutting  off  the 
spikes  on  which  the  flowers  were  still  perfect,  three 
days  ago,  after  the  flowers  had  been  open  four  weeks. 
I  find  the  number  is  slightly  understated — there  were 
forty-nine  spikes  and  2S9  flowers.  The  plant  was 
purchased  at  Stevens'  sale  rooms  in  February, 
1S78 ;  and  I  may  add  that  the  bulbs  and 
leaves  produced  this  year  are  larger  than  they 
have  ever  been  before.  I  see  no  reason  in  the  appear- 
ance of  the  plant  to  doubt  that  it  will  be  larger  and 
stronger  next  year.  I  have  now  repotted  it  with  its 
associates. 

Prof.  Reichenbach  described  the  Orchid  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  May  27,  1S72,  in  his  usual 
quaint  way,  and  was  very  desponding  about  its  suc- 
cessful introduction  and  culture  in  England.  All 
previous  introductions  up  to  that  date  had  died  in 
the  passage  ;  and  the  Professor  says,  "That  will  no 
doubt  be  the  fate  of  others  ;  new  importations  will  be 
tried,  though  nobody  can  pretend  [asseit]  without 
being  a  charlatan,  that  any  new  iraporlation  will 
be  successful,  and  in  a  short  time,  no  doubt, 
there  will  be  nothing  more  left  of  it,  as  with  so 
many  other  lovely  Orchids."  It  was  first  intro- 
duced successfully  by  Mr.  Chesterton  when  col- 
lecting for  Messrs.  \'eitch  of  Chelsea,  and  flowered 
in  the  Exotic  Nurseries,  Chelsea,  in  1S73.  It 
received  a  First-class  Certificate  from  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  on  May  7  in  that  year.  The 
plant  had  two  spikes  of  four  flowers  on  each.  Messrs. 
Veitcb  exhibited  another  plant  the  following  month, 
on  which  were  two  spikes  with  six  flowers  on  esch. 
This  was  "the  largest  plant  yet  seen."  J.  Doii!;!as. 

A  Thrke-anthered  Cattleya  Mossi.^:. 
A  singular  form  of  this  well-known  Cattleya  was 
handed  me  the  other  day  by  way  of  a  curiosity.  The 
sepals  were  involute  at  the  sides,  but  otherwise  nor- 
iSial,  while  the  petals  were  altogether  wanting.  The 
apex  of  the  column  exhibited  the  unusual  pheno- 
menon "of  bearing  three  anthers.  The  central  and 
normally  situated  one  was  perfect,  and  contained  four 
pollinia,  although  it  was  smaller  than  is  usually  the 
case.  The  lateral  pair,  although  seriously  deformed, 
proved  on  inspection  to  be  real  anthers,  developed 
undoubtedly  by  separation  from  the  column.  Whether 
this  separation  was  in  any  way  materially  assisted 
by  the  absence  of  the  petals  may  remain  an  open 
question.  Both  cells  of  the  anther  were  in  each  case 
present,  but  only  the  outer  one  contained  a  full-sized 
pollen  mass.  The  others  were  much  smaller,  or 
altogether  absent,  while  the  loculi  containing  them 
were  small  and  more  or  less  fleshy.  The  pollen 
masses  were  much  softer  than  usual,  and  easily 
separable  into  the  normal  groups  of  four  pollen  grains, 
which  the  microscope  showed  to  be  of  unusual  size, 
but  thin  walled  and  nearly  transparent.  The  con- 
nective, or  what  corresponds  to  such  in  typical 
stamens,  was  much  enlarged,  petaloid,  fleshy,  and 
rose-coloured,  with  a  median  dark  line.  A  strong 
nerve  could  be  detected  continuous  with  this,  and 
extending  to  the  base  of  the  column.  The  labellum 
was  somewhat  malformed,  but  otherwise  normal. 
7.F. 


FHAL.ENOPSIDS   FROM  MR.  PHILLERICK's   GARDEN. 

The  Oldfield  Orchids  are,  as  our  readers  know, 
celebrated  for  containing  many  gems  of  the  great 
Orchid  family,  and  which  are  almost  always  well 
grown  by  Mr.  Ilcims,  Mr.  Phillbrick's  gardener.  As 
instances  of  remarkable  development  under  culture  we 
have  been  favoured  with  the  sight  of  a  flower  of 
Phalaenopsis  grandiflora,  of  the  unusually  great  depth 
of  4^  inches  in  the  sepals,  and  the  same  width  across 
the  petals.  The  bloom  is  delicately  suffused  with 
purple,  although  the  aspect  at  a  short  distance  is  that 
of  a  white  flower.  The  side-lobes  of  the  lip  are 
yellow  instead  of  rose  coloured,  as  in  P.  amabilis. 
The  other  flower  is  P.  Sanderiana,  also  of  a  large  size, 
3i  by  2^  inches,  a  fine  flower  for  this  species.  The 
colour  is  of  a  deep  purplish-rose,  veined  with  deeper 
tints  of  purple.  We  cannot  remember  to  have  seen  a 
deeper  coloured  flower. 

COTTONIA  PEDUNCULARIS. 
L'ttle  or  nothing  seems  to  be  known  respecting 
this  curious  and  interesting  Oichid  in  gardens,  and  no 
notice  is  taken  of  it  in  gardenii:g  dictionaries  and 
other  publications,  such  as  Loudon's  Encycloptrdla  of 
Plants,  There  are  a  number  of  plants  in  Sir  George 
Macleay's  garden,  Pendell  Court,  introduced  from 
India,  some  of  which  have  been  flowering  for  a  con- 
siderable time.  Two  distinct  species,  or  at  most 
three,  are  all  that  are  known  belonging  to  the  genus. 
The  largest  and  most  important  is  that  under  notice 
with  a  tiranching  flower-stem  bearing  numerous  dark 
culnured  flowers.  There  is  an  uncoloured  figure  of  it 
in  Wight's  Figures  of  InJian  Plants,  vol.  v.,  t.  1751;, 
under  the  name  of  C.  macrostachya.  Lindley  is  the 
authority  for  the  accepted  name,  and  the  plant  would 
seem  to  er.jiy  a  considerably  wide  distribution  in 
India  and  Ceylon.  The  sepals  and  petals  in  the 
living  specimen  examined  are  narrow,  pale  brown, 
revolute  at  the  margin,  and  reflexed.  The  most 
striking  feature  of  the  flower,  however,  is  the  re- 
semblance the  labellum  bears  to  that  of  some  species 
of  Ophrys,  such  as  O.  bombylifera.  It  is  oblong  in 
outline,  slightly  constricted  in  the  middle,  hairy  or 
pubescent  at  the  sides  in  the  lower  half,  deep  brown, 
almost  black,  and  shallowly  bifid  at  the  apex  with  a 
tooth  in  the  notch.  This  organ  is  also  notable  for  a 
curious  depression  about  the  middle  on  the  upper 
surface,  and  a  small  bifid  or  toothed  crest  near  the 
base.  This  latter  is  shown  in  the  figure  quoted,  but 
no  notice  is  taken  of  it  in  the  description  furnished 
by  the  Genera  Plantarttin.  The  linear,  bifid,  rigid 
diitichous  leaves  remind  one  of  a  Saccolabium  or 
AciidcF. 


SELF-FERTILISATION  OF  EPI- 
DENDRUM   VARIEGATUM.* 

TilE  curious  method  of  feitilsation  exhibited  by  this 
plant  deserves  notice  as  being  somewhat  singular, 
since  it  is  effected  in  every  case  by  purely  mechanical 
means.  The  lip  is  so  situated  in  proximity  to  the 
column  that  it  can  exert  pressure  on  its  under-side, 
and  the  anther  is  held  in  place  by  projecting  horns 
which  hinder  it  from  being  easily  detached.  With- 
out being  in  any  way  displaced  from  the  anther-case, 
the  pollen  masses  become  enlarged  and  consequent 
upon  the  pressure  of  the  lip  against  the  column  are 
squeezed  so  that  they  distend  laterally  inwards  and 
thus  come  into  contact  with  the  stigma.  The  lip  even 
when  bent  back  with  some  force,  returns  to  its  place 
with  a  strong  spring,  and  it  would  therefore  be  im- 
possible  for  any  but  a  very  large  insect  to  exert  sufii- 
cient  force,  to  effectually  separate  the  lip  and  the 
column  and  give  room  for  the  admission  of  the  pollen 
masses.  Besides  if  sufficient  force  was  used  as  to  de- 
tach the  anther  case,  it  would  in  most  instances  fall 
irom  the  flower,  carrying  with  it  the  pollinia — owing 
to  the  peculiar  form  of  the  lip.  In  the  course  of  some 
four  years,  during  which  the  growth  of  this  plant  has 
l)een  carefully  watched,  no  instance  has  been  observed 
in  which  the  flowers  have  failed  to  fertilise,  and  the 
anther-case  has  always  remained  attached  to  the 
column,  together  with  the  persistent  flower  until  the 
seeds  are  ripe  and  the  capsule  bursts — a  circumstance 
tending  to  prove  that  fertilisation  is  self  effected. 

The  plant  itself,  according  to  Lindley  in  Folia 
Qrchidacca,  appears  to  be  very  variable  ;  he  places  it 
in  5  Osmophytum,  to  which  its  near  allies,  E.  fragrans 

*  Epidendrum  varieg^ettutii,  Hook.,  Bot.  Mng.,  t.  315T.  E. 
roruueum,  UaoV...  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  3595-  E.  crasulaldum, 
Piippig  and  Etidl.,  Nc-j.  Geii.,  11,  p.  T,  t.  102,  according  to 
Lindley  in  Folia  Onhidacea. 


and  E.  cochleatum,  also  belong,  and  to  the  former  of 
which  it  bears  a  great  resemblance,  being  scarcely 
distinguishable  except  when  in  flower.  J.  H,  Hart, 
Superintendent  Government  Cinchona  Plantation, 
Jamaica.  ^^^ 

NURSERY    NOTES. 

Gloxi.nias  at  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.'s,  Twick- 
enham.—  Although  these  are  now  past  their  best,  yet 
the  remainder  of  what  must  have  been  a  grand  sight  ii 
well  worth  seeing.  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.  are  renowned 
for  their  Gloxinias,  and  justly  so.  The  strain  seems 
a  very  good  one,  although  the  foliage  would  not  suit 
every  one's  taste,  many  preferring  those  with  droopinjj 
foliage,  which  hoods  over  and  covers  the  pot  ;  but  if 
the  plants  be  grouped  this  character  is  not  noticeable, 
With  only  one  or  two  exceptions  the  plants  are  of  the 
erect-flowering  type.  The  colours  of  Messrs.  Hoopei's 
strains  leave  nothing  to  be  desired,  and  defy  descrip- 
tion ;  all  shades  of  red  and  blue  abound,  and  mix- 
tures of  both  colours  are  seen.  A  noticeable  variety 
is  one  named  reticulata,  having  red  spots  on  a  white 
ground,  and  a  brilliant  patch  of  carmine  at  the  jane 
tion  of  the  lobes  of  the  corolla.  The  throat  is  of  a 
reddish  coloured  ground,  having  delicate  pencilling 
of  a  deeper  shade.  The  carmine  spot  gives  it  a  very 
attractive  character. 

Another  variety  (unnamed)  has  a  most  curious 
appearance.  First,  there  is  a  pink  band  all  round 
the  corolla,  which  is  much  crimped  and  fringed.  The 
flowers  look  at  first  sight  as  if  they  are  fading.  Next 
this  band  is  a  deep  crimson  ground  shading  off  into 
a  chiome-yellow  in  the  throat.  If  not  beautiful,  this 
form  is  at  least  peculiar,  and  worthy  ol  cultivation, 
"  Distinciion  "  is  a  name  given  to  a  handsome  large- 
fljweied  variety  with  regularly  formed  flowers  ;  the 
edging  is  of  a  pale  violet,  succeeded  by  a  dark  band, 
thus  gradually  streaked  oti'  on  a  pure  white  ground. 
The  name  which  has  been  applied  is  very  appro- 
priate. We  noticed  one  plant  which  had  flowers  with 
a  wh;te  edge,  then  with  a  band  of  red,  and  running 
through  most  brilliant  shades  of  red  and  violet  to  a 
decided  violet  in  the  throat.  Another  mixed  form 
was  most  delicate.  A  pure  white  rim  was  fol- 
loiA-ed  by  a  patch  of  a  mixture  of  colour,  begin- 
ning with  a  very  pale  pink,  and  then  gradually 
becoming  streaked  over  with  pale  violet,  with  a 
reddish  tinge,  succeeded  by  white  running  down  the 
throat,  which  to*ards  the  base  is  spotted  with  an 
indescribable  reddish-blue.  Contrasting  with  these 
highly  coloured  forms  a  plant  with  perftc  ly  white 
flowers,  with  the  exception  of  the  yellowish-green 
throat,  attracted  our  attention.  The  colour  of  the 
throat  was  so  clear  and  fine  that  it  set  off  the 
otherwise  white  flower  to  great  advantage.  The 
foliage  of  this  plant  completely  covered  the  pot, 
and  the  entire  plant  was  most  pleasing.  Numerous 
other  forms  are  to  be  seen.  It  is  difficult  to  make 
selections  for  special  remark  from  among  so  many 
beautiful  forms.  Both  pale  and  dark  coloured  forms 
are  plentiful.  The  greater  number  are  red  flowers, 
but  still  blues  are  by  no  means  rare.  There  are 
spotted  forms  of  both  colours,  which  are  both 
numerous  and  good,  having  fine  large  flowers,  which 
are  perfect  in  form.  The  plants  now  in  flower  are 
all  last  year's  seedlings,  and  have  made  good  healthy 
plants,  producing  abundance  of  flowers.  Besides 
these  in  flower  at  the  present  time  Messrs.  Hooper 
have  a  large  batch  of  young  plants  now  coming  on, 
and  which  promise  to  be  as  great  a  success. 

Begonias  at  Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.'s. 

The  Begonias  at  Forest  Hill  are  again  a  special 
feature,  and  give  promise  of  being  as  great  an 
attraction  as  ever.  They  have  been  flowering  for 
some  time  in  great  profusion,  and  will  continue  to 
do  so  during  the  season.  The  number  ol  plants  now 
being  cultivated  in  the  houses  and  planted  out  ii 
enormous,  amounting  to  something  like  200,000, 
18,000  of  which  are  doubles.  In  the  show-houses, 
filled  with  Begonias,  there  are  about  1000  plants  now 
in  full  bloom,  and  which  present  a  very  imposing  and 
gorgeous  spectacle. 

The  single-flowered  varieties  are  of  great  size — too 
large,  to  our  taste  —  6  and  7  inches  in  diameter 
being  about  the  average.  The  plants  are  very  healthy, 
growing  vigorously  and  producing  flowers  in  such 
profusion  that  they  seem  masses  of  colour ;  a  house 
filled  with  such  plants  as  these  in  all  their  various 
shades  of  red  and  yellow,  and  pure  white,  can  only  be 
imagined,  not  described.    The  same  may  be  said  of 


12 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


QULY  3,  1886. 


the  double  forms — only,  of  course,  they  are  not  of  such 
great  dimensions.  We  took  special  note  of  a  few  of 
the  most  attractive  forms,  among  which  were  the 
following  :— Illustration,  a  double  bronze-yellow, 
slightly  flushed  with  salmon-pink  ;  Virginalis,  a  double 
white,  a  most  desirable  variety,  the  flowers  being 
erect;  Randolph,  also  a  double  of  a  most  rich  deep  and 
brilliant  carmine-crimson  colour.  It  is  a  free  flowerer, 
but  has  one  slight  disadvantage,  in  having  long 
Ktems.  A  double  creamy  while  flower  of  a  good 
regular  form  is  Marchioness  of  Statford.  Mrs.  Amy 
Adcock  is  a  double  pale  crimson  with  a  white  centre  ; 
this  is  a  very  pleasing  variety.  A  variety  that  has 
been  frequently  noticed  before  is  Davisi  hybrida, 
fl.-pl.,  but  it  is  of  such  a  rich  red  colour,  and  so  grace- 
ful in  appearance  that  one  cannot  pass  it  by  without 
notice.  Charmer  is  one  of  this  year's  seedlings,  and 
has  been  twice  certificated.  It  is  a  single  white,  with 
a  rich  crimson  edge.  The  flowers  are  large  and 
plentiful.  Truly  it  is  well  named.  A  plant  of  a 
somewhat  novel  character,  having  red  flowers  with 
the  lateral  segments  tipped  with  white,  has  received 
the  title  of  Piebald.  Of  the  white-flowered  class,  a 
specially  pleasing  one  is  White  Perfection,  with  large 
pure  white  flowers.  These  are  a  few  of  the  most 
noticeable,  but  where  so  many  varied  and  beautiful 
forms  are  so  abundant  it  is  impossible  to  enumerate 
all.  To  appreciate  them  thoroughly  they  have  to  be 
seen,  and  we  would  strongly  recommend  lovers  of 
'these  popular  flowers  to  pay  a  visit  to  Forest  Hill, 
and  judge  for  themselves. 

Messrs.  Kklway's  Herbaceous  P.«onies. 
The  remarkable  collection  of  cut  blooms  of  these, 
shown  by  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  of  Langporl,  at 
the  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  on 
the  2Zd  ult.,  must  have  come  to  many  persons  as  a 
great  surprise.  These  dashing  hardy  flowers  are 
represented  in  many  gardens  only  by  the  well  known 
crimson  form,  that  the  wide  range  of  varieties  shown 
on  this  occasion,  not  only  by  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son, 
but  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Tottenham  ;  Messrs.  Barr 
&  Son,  Covent  Garden  ;  Messrs,  Paul  &  Son, 
Cheshunt ;  and  Messrs.  E.  H.  Krelage  &  Co.,  of 
Haarlem,  ranging  in  colour  from  shining  deep 
maroon  to  pure  white,  through  many  intermediate 
shades,  must  have  astonished  some  gardeners  as 
well  as  the  general  public.  The  fact  is  that 
Kelway  &  Sons  are  so  constantly  raising  seed- 
lings that  the  varieties  increase  rapidly,  but  it  is 
only  on  occasions  like  this  that  one  has  an  oppor- 
tunity of  seeing  not  only  how  large  and  fine  the  new 
forms  arc,  but  how  greatly  they  vary  in  colour.  And 
what  a  sight  it  must  be  at  Langport  to  see  5  acres  of 
Pxonies  in  bloom  ;  and  that  there  may  be  the  best 
opportunity  for  comparison,  two  plants  of  each 
variety  are  put  out  every  year,  in  addition  to  a  large 
number  of  seedlings. 

Some  patience  is  required  in  raising  seedling 
Pxonies.  The  seeds  take  one  or  two  years  to  germi- 
nate. The  plan  adopted  at  Langport  is  to  sow  them  in 
the  spring  in  drills  in  a  cold  frame,  but  wide  enough 
apart  for  plants  in  pots  to  be  placed  between  them 
during  the  winter.  Here  the  plants  remain  till  they 
are  two  years  old,  and  then  they  are  planted  out  in 
the  open  ground  to  bloom.  Another  space  of  two 
years  is  required  before  they  flower  in  a  satisfactory 
manner  ;  and  so  some  amount  of  patience  is  required, 
like  that  exercised  by  raisers  of  Tulips.  The  soil  at 
Langport  is  a  heavy  loam  resting  upon  a  bed  of 
gravel,  and  it  seems  difiicult  to  imagine  one  better 
adapted  for  the  growth  of  Paeonies. 

Varieties  are  increased  by  root  division.  This  is 
done  about  November,  when  the  roots  are  broken  or 
cut  up  into  pieces,  much  as  those  of  Rhubarb  are, 
but  each  piece  must  have  an  eye,  or  no  plant  can  be 
expected ;  and  what  bolder,  more  showy,  and 
striking  hardy  border  plant  have  we  flowering  in  June 
than  these  herbaceous  Pseonies  ?  They  are  accommo- 
dating in  the  matter  of  soil,  but  in  a  good  deep  loam 
they  do  remarkably  well.  What  a  range  of  varieties 
there  is  to  select  from  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son  catalogue  something  like  320 
varieties.  These  are  all  double  flowers ;  in  addition 
they  have  a  list  of  seventy-two  single  varieties. 

Of  the  double  forms  the  following  are  extra  fine  : — 
Lady  L.  Bramwell,  silvery-rose,  extra  fine,  large  and 
full ;  Mymotus,  deep  crimson-marooon  ;  Acanum, 
bright  rosy-purple ;  Lactatus,  pale  rose ;  Beatrice 
Kelway,  having  broad  pink  guard  petals,  and  a  white 
centre  ;  Feronia,  pure  white ;  Papinus,  bright  pur- 
plish ctimsoQ ;  Abora,  paU  purplish-rose  ;  Princess 


Beatrice,  broad,  bold  pink  guard-petals,  the  centre 
creamy-white  and  pale  pink  ;  Frances,  delicate  pink, 
margined  with  while  ;  James  Kelway,  rich,  shining 
maroon-crimson ;  Princess  Patricia,  broad  white 
guard  petals,  and  delicate  primrose  centre;  Morlia, 
pale  peach  ;  Carnica,  delicate  rose  ;  Lidy  Catringlon, 
blush,  the  centre  petals  having  a  distinct  Picotee  edge 
of  red  ;  Macella,  the  guard  petals  lively  rosy-pink, 
broad  and  bold  ;  the  centre  a  bunch  of  thin  golden 
petals,  a  few  of  them  tinted  with  purple  ;  Princess 
Henry  of  Battenberg,  shining  maroon,  very  fine ; 
Princess  of  Wales,  delicate  pink,  margined  with  white, 
extra  fine  ;  Prince  of  Wales,  pale  lustrous,  maroon  ; 
Orobus,  delicate  rosy-purple,  extra-fine  Vesulus, 
deep  pink,  paler  on  the  edges  ;  Silenus,  bright  rose  ; 
and  Alboni,  soft  peach.  This  is  a  selection  of  the 
leading  varieties  in  a  large  and  varied  collection. 

A  few  of  the  most  attractive  of  the  single-flowered 
varieties  will  be  found  in  Prince  Alexander,  pale  rose, 
large  golden  tassel  in  the  centre  ;  Millais,  bright  deep 
rosy-purple  ;  Princess  Victoria,  ilelicate  blush,  almost 
white;  Pinetus,  bright  crimson  ;  Crimson  Gem,  pale 
purplish-crimson  ;  Queen  of  May,  pale  rose ;  and 
Catulus,  bright  purplish-crimson.  These  are  but  a 
few,  there  are  other  varieties  varying  in  colour. 


A     WATER     FUNGUS: 

MITRULA  PALUDOSA,  Fries. 
Few  fungi  of  the  summer  and  autumn  attract  more 
admiration  than  the  pretty  little  fungus  here  illustrated 
(fig.  2).  It  is  the  Marsh  Mitrula  (Mitrula  paludosa. 
Fries),  which  grows  upon  dead  leaves,  moss,  and  twigs, 
as  they  float  in  quiet  drains  and  other  watery  places. 


fungus:   mitrula  paludosa. 


The  stem  is  white  and  slightly  hollow,  or  piped,  and 
the  club-shaped  top  is  orange  in  colour  and  stuffed. 
There  is  a  perfectly  white  variety,  named  M.  alba. 

The  majority  of  fungi  only  require  a  moderate 
amount  of  moisture  for  their  sustenance,  for  instance, 
too  much  moisture  is  fatal  to  Mushroom  growth,  but 
the  plant  before  us  cannot  live  unless  it  grows  in  a 
semi-submerged  condition.  A  second  fungus,  the 
allied  Vibrissea  truncorum.  Fries.,  grows  in  similar 
positions  on  submerged  wood  as  does  Peziza  clavus, 
Mitrula  is  an  Ascomycetous  fungus,  i.i.^  the  spores 
are  all  borne  in  sets  of  eight  within  transparent 
bladders  or  "asci,"  which  asci  completely  invest  the 
surface  of  the  top  or  *'pileus."  The  distinction  is  an 
important  one,  as  in  the  Club  fungi  found  under 
Clavaria,  the  spores,  which  grow  in  fours,  are  all 
free,  r.*r.,  without  any  microscopic  investing  bladders 
or  sacs. 

Mitrula  paludosa,  is  remarkable  for  its  singular 
habitat,  pretty  form,  and  beautiful  coloration.  It 
is  not  uncommon  in  some  of  the  pretty  water- 
courses of  Wales,  Devon,  Cornwall,  &c.    \\\  G.  .5", 


CAMPANULA   ALLIONI. 

This  is  a  very  beautiful  Campanula,  remarkable  for 
its  mode  of  growth,  the  rootstock  being  creeping, 
rooting  into  the  soil  and  sending  up  shoot  stems  with 
linear  sessile  leaves,  and  relatively  very  large,  bell- 
shaped,  violet-blue  flowers  about  l^  inch  long. 
These  flowers  grow  singly  at  the  ends  of  the  branches. 
Sir  Joseph  Hooker  remarks  (5(?/a«:Va/  Magazine,  t. 
658S),  that  the  creeping  rootstock  adapts  it  well  for 
its  habitats,  which  are  th«  moving  slopes  of  soil  at  the 
base  of  precipices.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Alps  of 
Piedmont  and  Savoy.  Our  illustration  (fig,  3)  is  from 
%  drawing  of  M.  Iseadtner  of  Munich. 


REPLANTING   VINERIES. 

Any  one  having  Black  Hamburgh  Vines  in  the 
early  or  second  early  houses,  which,  through  old  age 
or  other  cause  have  not  yielded  satisfactory  crops 
during  the  last  year  or  two,  I  would  strongly  advise 
to  cut  all  the  bunches  as  soon  as  the  berries  are  ripe 
with  9  or  10  inches  of  wood  attached  to  each  bunch, 
the  ends  of  which  should  be  placed  in  bottles  of  water 
(having  a  few  small  pieces  of  charcoal  in  each)  in  the 
Grape  or  other  cool  room.  This  done  root  out  the 
old  Vines,  remove  the  soil  from  a  narrow  strip  of  the 
border,  say  5  feet  wide  or  less,  see  that  the  drainage  is 
all  right,  placing  over  it  a  layer  of  turf,  grassy  side 
down,  and  afterwards  fill  the  space  excavated  with  a 
compost  consisting  of  five  parts  of  good  turfy  loam, 
one  of  wood  ashes,  one  of  lime  rubble,  one  of  fresh 
horse-droppings,  and  about  an  ordinary  sized  garden 
barrowful  of  fresh  soot,  mixing  the  whole  before  using. 
In  preparing  the  border  make  allowance  for  the  soil 
subsiding  5  or  6  inches  within  as  many  weeks  from 
the  time  of  making  it. 

Planting. 
Before  doing  this  clean  the  structure  thoroughly, 
washing  the  walls  with  hot  lime-wash.  If  the  culti- 
vator be  not  provided  with  home-grown  Vines  of 
course  he  will  have  to  buy  them  from  some  firm 
reputed  for  the  cultivation  and  sending  out  of  clean, 
healthy  plants.  These,  when  thoroughly  moist  at 
the  roots,  should  be  turned  out  of  the  pots  and  the 
soil  all  round  the  ball  of  roots  and  earth  slightly 
loosened  and  be  then  planted  at  3  feet  apart  about 
I  inch  deeper  than  they  were  in  the  pots,  making 
the  soil  firm  about  them.  In  planting  them  put  a 
support  to  each,  and  fasten  them  to  the  trellis,  but 
leave  the  ties  long  to  allow  of  the  subsidence  of  the 
soil.  This  done,  give  tepid  water  through  a  rose 
to  settle  the  soil  about  the  roots,  and  afterwards  give 
a  slight  mulching  of  rotten  dung.  Shade  the  Vines 
with  mats  for  a  few  days,  until  the  roots  have  taken 
to  the  new  soil,  and  with  this  object  in  view,  and 
to  freshen  up  the  foliage,  which,  under  the  circum- 
stances, will  show  signs  of  flagging,  damp  them 
slightly  overhead  three  times  a  day  until  they  have 
made  fresh  growth,  after  which  morning  and  after- 
noon will  be  often  enough,  damping,  however,  the 
surface  of  the  border,  pathways,  &c.,  twice  during 
the  interval,  during  bright  sunshiny  weather,  to 
promote  a  growing  atmosphere. 

Assuming  that  the  Vines  have  been  stopped  once 
or  twice  during  the  last  few  months,  and  that  in  each 
case  the  laterals  resulting  from  the  said  stopping  have 
been  pinched  out  as  soon  as  they  appeared,  thereby 
causing  the  latent  bud  at  the  base — which,  if  the 
laterals  had  been  allowed  to  grow,  as  is  frequently  the 
case,  would  not  move  until  next  year — to  push  into 
growth  after  the  lapse  of  eight  or  ten  days,  the  sap  in 
the  meantime  will  be  necessarily  directed  to  the  de- 
velopment of  both  stem  and  buds  below.  Thus 
treated,  a  uniform  plumpness  of  buds  is  secured  the 
entire  length  of  the  rods.  When  the  Vines  so  stopped 
have  made  24  inches  of  fresh  growth,  stop  them 
again  in  the  manner  indicated,  and  repeat  the  opera- 
tion to  the  end  of  the  growing  season,  except  in  the 
case  of  temporary  Vines,  which  are  to  be  cut  down 
after  they  have  fruited  next  year,  these  may  be 
pinched  hard  at  8  feet  from  the  bottom  of  the  trellis  ; 
but  should  there  be  any  danger  of  the  buds  in  the 
axils  of  the  leaves  bursting,  a  few  of  the  laterals  and 
sub-laterals  near  the  top  of  each  rod  so  disposed  can  be 
allowed  to  grow  to  draw  off  the  sap  and  thus  prevent 
the  fruit  buds  from  pushing  into  growth.  In  order  to 
concentrate  all  the  energies  of  the  individual  Vines  in 
the  thickening  of  the  rods  and  the  enlargement  and 
consolidation  of  the  buds  proceeding  from  their  bases, 
the  lateral  shoots  springing  from  the  same  source 
must  be  stopped  at  the  first  or  second  joint,  as  also 
should  the  sub-laterals,  and  those  which  may  after- 
wards appear  should  be  pinched  close  back.  These 
remarks  are  also  applicable  to  that  portion  of  the 
Vine  between  the  ground  and  the  trellis  to  insure 
uniform  thickness  of  main  stem  from  its  base. 
Better  results  will  be  secured  from  Vines  so  treated 
than  would  be  the  case  from  rods,  the  laterals  of 
which  have  been  allowed  to  grow  uninterruptedly 
during  the  previous  season  with  a  view  to  encouraging 
a  corresponding  amount  of  growth  at  the  roots. 

Vines  thus  treated  will  reach  the  top  of  the  rafters 
before  the  end  of  the  season,  and  may  be  allowed  to 
bear  a  few  bunches  each  next  year.  This  method  of 
procedure  has  everything  to  commend  its  adoption, 


July  3,  iS85.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


»3 


seeing  that  a  crop  of  Grapes  is  taken  from  the  old 
Vines  this  year  in  sufficient  time  to  establish  young 
ones  for  carrying  a  crop  next  year.  Remarks  on  the 
watering  of  the  borders,  ventilation,  temperature,  &c., 
will  be  found  at  p.  687,  vol.  xxv.  H.  IV.  Ward, 
Longford  Castle. 


flailista'   Jloui^rs. 


THE  CARNATION  AND  PICOTEE. 
It  is  very  interesting  to  observe  the  inBuence  of 
different  seasons  on  the  plants  under  our  care.  Some- 
times the  weather  is  propitious  ;  more  frequently  it  is 
the  reverse  ;  but,  whatever  may  be  the  difficulties  we 
have  to  contend  with,  sooner  or  later  the  flowering 
season  will  come.  "  While  the  earth  remainetb, 
seed  time  and  harvest,  summer  and  winter,  day  and 
night  shall  not   cease."     We   may  take  the  same 


weather.  The  pest  may  be  destroyed  by  dusting  with 
tobacco-powder,  or  if  the  plants  are  under  glass  by 
fumigating  with  tobacco-smoke.  Some  flowers  when 
fully  expanded  are  much  injured  by  tobacco-smoke  ; 
the  Carnation  and  Picotee  blooms  receive  no  injury 
whatever  from  it,  I  like  to  keep  up  a  succession 
of  bloom  for  as  long  a  period  as  possible,  and  for  that 
purpose  a  few  plants  are  placed  in  a  warm  house  ; 
these  are  now  in  flower,  and  very  beautiful  they  are, 
especially  some  of  the  brighter  coloured  selfs.  During 
the  spring  months  I  depend  upon  the  perpetual 
flowering  varieties  to  keep  up  a  succession  of 
bloom  until  the  summer  flowering  type  come  into 
flower.  Many  intending  exhibitors  will  probably 
read  these  lines,  and  those  who  have  plants  in 
pots  should  place  them  under  glass  as  soon  as 
the  flowers  show  colour ;  but  it  is  well  to  bear  in 
mind  that  they  must  not  be  shaded  too  much,  and 
the  nearer  they  can  be  placed  to  the  glass  the  better. 
The  house  should  be  freely  ventilated  night  and  day, 
and  merely  shaded  from  bright  sunshine.  Those 
who  have  not  the  convenience  of  a  house  in  which  to 


Fig.  3.— campanula  allioni  :   flowers  blue,     (see  p.  12.) 


promise  to  ourselves,  in  reference  to  the  choice  flowers 
we  cultivate.  Seasonal  difficulties  we  shall  always 
have,  and  the  present  season  has  not  been  a  favourable 
one  by  any  means.  We  have  always  boasted  that  the 
Carnation  and  Picotee  stand  any  amount  of  frost  if 
the  plants  are  kept  dry  ;  but  I  certainly  found  the 
weakly  plants  were  considerably  injured  this  year, 
although  those  with  a  vigorous  constitution  passed 
through  the  trying  spring  very  successfully.  I  can  gener- 
ally tell  in  May  whether  they  are  late  or  early,  for 
this  reason  :  most  of  the  plants  are  placed  in  cold 
frames  at  a  uniform  distance  from  the  glass,  and  about 
the  1st  ef  May  they  have  usually  grown  so  much,  that 
the  lights  cannot  be  moved  ofT  without  injuring  the 
rising  flower-stems.  This  year  they  were  quite  three 
weeks  late  at  that  time,  and  the  weather  since  has 
not  been  favourable  to  rapid  growth. 

In  ordinary  seasons  the  general  Carnation  bloom  is 
at  its  best  near  London  about  July  20,  but  we  have 
had  such  adverse  seasons  recently  that  this  date  is  not 
to  be  depended  upon  ;  on  one  occasion  we  had  to 
place  the  plants  under  glass  to  get  the  flowers  in  by 
August  7.  Green-fly  has  not  been  so  troublesome 
this  year  as  usual,  nor  have  we  as  yet  seen  any  black 
thrips  ;  these  latter  do  considerable  damage  in  very  hot 


place  their  plants  may  have  a  few  frame-lights  to 
spare.  The  plants  may  be  arranged  on  a  bed,  a  row 
of  posts  should  be  driven  into  the  ground  on  each 
side  of  it ;  the  tops  of  the  posts  ought  to  be  9  inches 
higher  on  ihe  north  side  than  they  are  on  the  south. 
A  rail  should  be  nailed  on  the  top  of  each  row  of 
posts  to  support  the  lights.  Some  shading  material 
may  be  nailed  on  to  the  posts  to  prevent  winds  from 
blowing  underneath  ;  but  it  ought  not  to  be  fixed 
quite  to  the  top  of  the  posts,  leave  about  6  inches  all 
round  for  ventilation.  It  is  necessary  to  throw  some 
very  slight  shading  over  the  glass  during  bright  sun- 
snine  when  the  flowers  are  open.  If  they  are  shaded 
too  early  they  lack  colour. 

Many  of  the  best  varieties  of  Carnations  and  Pico- 
tees  have  a  tendency  when  well  grown  to  burst  their 
pods  ;  this  is  a  serious  fault,  as  a  flower  with  a 
pod  split  down  one  side  is  an  unsightly  object.  It  is 
caused  by  the  pod  being  too  full  of  petals  ;  and  may 
be  prevented  by  slitting  the  pods  down  a  little  on  the 
upper  side  ;  it  is  the  under  side  which  always  splits, 
and,  as  a  further  precaution,  some  of  the  flowers  may 
be  tied  round  the  calyx  with  a  strip  of  matting. 
During  hot  weather  the  plants  require  plentiful 
supplies   of   water    at    the    roots.      The   Carnation 


fancier  will  6nd  many  hours  occupation  in  attend- 
ing to  his  plants  during  the  months  of  June  and 
July.  There  is  disbudding,  tying  the  stems  to 
the  sticks,  brushing  off  green-fly,  trapping  ear- 
wigs (another  troublesome  insect,  which  eats  the 
petals  through  at  the  base,  and  when  the  flowers 
are  cut  the  petals  drop  out).  The  old  fanciers 
place  cards  to  the  flowers  on  which  to  display  the 
petals,  which  some  tasteful  persons  do  not  approve  of. 
This  is  a  matter  for  private  consideration.  I  never 
use  manure-water  at  any  time  during  the  growth  of 
the  plants,  nor  when  the  flowers  are  expanding. 

Those  intending  to  form  a  collection  of  the  best 
varieties  should  attend  the  exhibitions  of  the  several 
Carnation  Societies,  North  and  South.  They  can 
there  see  the  best  varieties  exhibited,  and  purchase 
those  that  take  their  fancy.  Every  Carnation  and 
Picotee  grower  ought  to  be  a  seedling  raiser,  and 
proving  the  seedlings  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
o(  the  many  details  of  the  fancier's  work.  The 
work  must  be  done  in  a  methodical  manner. 
The  plants  from  which  it  is  intended  to  sav« 
seeds  should  be  placed,  if  possible,  by  themselves, 
and  they  ought  to  be  hybridised  every  day  when  in 
flower  ;  and  in  attending  to  this  necessary  operation 
of  the  gardener's  art  a  good  deal  of  judgment  is 
necessary.  Not  only  must  the  very  best  varieties 
extant  be  selected  as  seed  and  pollen  bearers  but  the 
classes  ought  not  to  be  mixed.  The  Carnation  and 
the  Picotee  are  each  subdivided  into  six  classes, 
exclusive  of  the  yellow  ground  Picotees,  and  it  is 
only  proper  that  the  scarlet  bizarre  Carnations  should 
be  kept  by  themselves ;  and  the  same  holds  good  to 
the  end  of  the  chapter.  The  seeds  ought  to  be  sown 
about  the  first  week  in  April  over  a  hotbed  ;  they 
will  very  speedily  vegetate,  and  must  be  pricked  out 
in  boxes  3  or  4  inches  apart,  to  be  planted  out  in 
the  open  ground  as  soon  as  they  are  large  enough. 
They  will  form  large,  handsome  specimens,  if  they 
are  allowed  iS  inches  each  way,  and  the  quantity  of 
flowers  they  produce  is  truly  astonishing  ;  we  have 
had  upwards  of  200  on  one  plant.  A  few  of  the  very 
best  varieties  must  be  selected  to  grow  again,  and  the 
best  way  to  preserve  them  is  to  dig  up  the  plants  and 
pot  them.  The  layers  on  such  plants  usually  form 
roots  much  more  freely  than  they  do  on  those 
that  have  been  grown  in  pots  all  the  year  round. 
Each  plant  will  produce  on  an  average  about  twelve 
layers,  which  may  be  tested  in  various  positions 
next  season  ;  some  may  be  grown  in  pots,  and  others 
planted  out  in  the  open  ground,  to  prove  their  adapta- 
bility as  border  plants.  For  this  purpose  the  self- 
coloured  flowers  are  the  most  popular,  they  are  better 
adapted  to  cut  for  placing  in  bouquets,  &c.  Many  will 
come  white.  I  had  from  700  seedlings  last  year,  three 
orfour  very  fine  white  varieties  raised  fromtheordinary 
flakes  and  bizarres  ;  this  at  6rst  sight  seems  very 
extraordinary,  but  we  must  not  forget  that  both 
bizarres  and  flakes  are  white,  that  is,  they  have  a 
white  ground,  more  or  less  pure,  on  which  the  colours 
rose,  red,  purple,  maroon,  scarlet,  &c.,  are  deftly  laid 
on  in  flakes  and  stripes,  y.  Douglas. 


j^OLONlAL      ]^0TE3. 


A  RAMBLE  AMONGST  TREE  FERNS. 
Receiving  an  invitation  to  make  one  of  a  party 
or  the  above  purpose  I  soon  came  to  a  conclusion  on 
the  matter.  After  a  railway  ride  of  some  forty  miles 
the  station  was  reached,  where  waiting  I  found  a 
conveyance,  two  horses  in  tandem,  and  a  lady  driver. 
Here  allow  me  to  digress  a  moment  for  the  informa- 
tion of  your  fair  readers  in  England.  These  horses, 
with  others,  had  been  trained  personally  for  this  lively 
and  uncommon  way  of  driving  by  this  young  lady 
of  some  seventeen  summers,  and  right  well  had 
she  performed  her  task  ;  the  secret  of  her  success, 
I  afterwards  learned,  being  kindness  and  fearlessness. 
Such  is  her  influence  over  these  animals  that  they 
refuse  to  allow  gentlemen  to  saddle  or  ride  them. 
Whilst  chatting  on  the  subject  of  long  drives 
with  horses  she  merrily  replied,  "  But  mine  are 
fond  of  them  ;  "  but  she  added,  "  they  require  to  be 
driven  judiciously."  After  a  thirteen  miles'  pleasant 
journey,  we  came  to  our  rendezvous — my  friend's 
homestead,  which  lies  nestling  on  the  confines  of  an 
immense  forest.  Here,  I  found  vineries  with  their 
luscious  fruits  ripe  (when  invitations  are  doubly  accept- 
able),  and    pot  plants   of  no   mean   order,  CoIeuSi 


14 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(July  3,   18 


Begonias  in  variety,  Petunias,  Fuchsias,  Pelargonium':, 
&c. — the  flower  and  fiuit  garden,  In  harmony  wiih 
the  surroundings.  Darkness  shortly  afterwards  put  an 
end  to  further  inspection.  After  the  usual  prelimi- 
naries next  morning,  we  started  on  adventure 
No.  I.  Here  the  early  morning  impressions  are, 
that  hardly  anything  in  Nature  can  exceed  the  wilil, 
weirdgrandeur  of  these  primeval  forests  grey  with  the 
ravages  of  untold  stoims— standing  as  they  do 
memorials  of  many  centuries  of  time,  having  given 
shelter  to  the  Moa  bird  ('ong  since  extinct)  and  ihe 
Maories  alike.  We  came  across  a  forest  giant,  the 
Totara  [Podocarpus  Totara],  which  had  been  felled 
a  few  days  previous  to  our  visit,  and  which  measured 
9  feet  in  diameter  across  a  fresh-sawn  cut  2  feet  from 
the  ground,  and  which  was  calculated  to  hive 
close  upon  1000  rings  or  to  have  grown  as 
many  years.  Here  we  soon  found  some  of  the 
objects  of  our  search— Cyathea  dealbata,  towering 
above  the  Dicksonias,  and  vieing  with  them  fur 
the  supremacy.  Here  also  were  two  other  vari- 
eties of  Cyatheas  which  we  could  not  determine. 
In  close  proximity  we  found  growing  in  marvel- 
lous profusion,  Pteris  lucida  and  P.  scaberula,  with 
Gleichenia  Cunninghami,  locally  called  the  Umbrella 
Fern.  In  this  immediate  neighbourhood,  in  small 
livu'ets,  we  found,  almost  hidden  in  verdure,  that 
c'larmiog  Queen  of  Ferns,  Todea  superba,  and 
the  Todea  hymennphylloides.  The  latter  is  cer- 
tainly the  most  handsome,  with  its  graceful  fronds 
fully  2  feet  in  length,  and  its  beautiful  plumose 
pinnx.  To  see  these  in  their  native  habitat  un- 
disturbed, is  something  to  admire  and  remember. 
Here  also  we  came  across  a  veritable  bridge  of  live 
Ferns,  Tree  Ferns  cut  down  and  laid  across  each 
other  (with  minor  ones  interlaced),  and  growing  not- 
withstanding their  prostrate  condition  j  for  so  tena- 
cious are  they  of  life  in  their  native  habitat  that  they 
insist  upon  growing  whether  standing  upright  or  lying 
down.  Frequently  we  came  across  them  where  they 
had  been  ruthlessly  cut  down  and  left,  afterwards 
growing  exactly  the  shape lof  an  immense  tobacco-pipe, 
with  its  bowl  upright,  3  or  4  feet  in  height. 

At  every  turn  huge  Polystichums  and  Pteris  barred 
our  progress.  The  chief  feature  of  this  forest  is  that 
you  are  constantly  meeting  with  groups  of  different 
species  of  Ferns.  There  is  a  carpet  of  dwarf  ones, 
such  as  Doodias,  Blechnums,  and  Aspidiums,  which 
it  seems  almost  barbarous  to  trample  upon.  Further 
on  the  nodding  plumes  of  the  tree  species  seem  to 
court  your  admiration,  until  your  sense  of  discri- 
mination gets  mazed,  and  your  note-book  of  memory 
fails.  There  also  we  came  across  the  New  Zealand 
Mislleto,  suspending  itself  exactly  like  the  English 
one  in  tufts,  but  unlike  it  in  one  respect ;  it  seems 
here  at  any  rate  to  attach  itself  to  only  one  species 
of  tree.  There  is  some  controversy  as  to  whether  it 
is  a  real  Mistleto  [Loranthus  sp.],  certainly  it  is  a 
parasite,  and,  therefore,  of  the  order  Loranths,  for 
we  closely  examined  its  structure  ;  leaves  tough  and 
leathery,  2X1  inch,  entire,  acuminate,  and  red 
berried.  At  this  auspicious  moment  a  shower  of 
rain  checked  our  further  progress,  and  we  retreated 
for  lunch. 

Our  next  adventure  (No.  2)  was  a  more  serious 
undertaking — no  less  than  the  ascent  of  a  creek  some 
20  yards  wide,  and  about  2  miles  in  length^a  rush- 
ing stream,  with  numerous  rough  and  large  boulders. 
The  first  glance  convinced  us  it  would  be  a  slow,  diffi- 
cult, and  uncertain  journey  ;  but  we  had  two  lady 
guides,  and  therefore  could  not  honourably  retract  ; 
so  we  donned  bush  costume,  and  prepared  for  the 
worst,  This  creek  is  arched  over  with,  of  course, 
evergreens  in  all  stages  of  life  and  decay,  conspicuous 
amongst  them  being  the  Grislinia  littoralis,  the  New 
Zealand  Laurel,  festooned  with  lichens  and  mosses, 
the  latter  drooping  2  feet  in  length  ;  clinging  also 
to  these  were  Asplenium  flaccidum  and  A.  bulbiferum 
in  friendlycombat  for  the  mastery  with  Polypodium  Bil- 
lardieri,  and  tenellum.  Each  side  of  this  creek  is  walled 
in  by  rocky  terraces,  draped  withFernsof  manyspecies 
and  varieties;  amongst  others  we  recognised  Cyito- 
roium  falcatum,  Lomaria  Patersoni,  L.  Fraseri,  L. 
procera,  Polystichum  angulare,  P.  proliferum,  Pteris 
iongifolia,  wiih  its  stately  fronds  ;  and  several  Nephro- 
diums — indeed,  here  ferndom  had  certainly  run  riot. 
Occasional  breaks  in  these  terraces  revealed  witching 
glens,  contributing  their  tiny  sprays  into  our  noisy 
stream.  Still  scramblinghigher,  alter  frequently  empty- 
ing our  boots  of  clear  cold  water,  we  came  upon  a  pecu- 
liar and  distinct  variety  of  Lycopod,  furnished  only  with 
(  simple  wiry  rhizome  in  unlimited  lengths ;  about 


every  12  inches  it  pushed  a  single  strong  rootlet  into 
the  soil,  and  threw  up  a  spreading  frond  or  branchlet, 
resembling  a  miniature  tree  moss.  Pushing  our  way  still 
higher  up  we  cams  upon  a  gem,  the  rare  Hymenophyl- 
lum  filicifolium,  with  its  delicate  tracery  and  black 
spores,  the  finest  of  the  filmy  Ferns,  fronds  12  to 
15  inches  in  length.  Here  also  (for  we  were  getting 
nearer  the  foot  of  the  ranges  and  therefore  more 
and  more  in  the  shade)  was  Acrophorus  hispidus 
in  abundance,  and  the  neat  little  lace  Asplenium. 
The  terraces  were  now  becoming  more  perpendicular, 
the  result  being  that  mosses  and  lichens  were 
taking  the  place  of  Ferns,  and  levers  of  these  might 
have  revelled  in  delight,  so  beautiful  were  the  speci- 
mens. Climbing  was  now  becoming  difficult,  when 
a  sudden  bend  disclosed  a  charming  cataract  some  14 
feet  clear  fall,  a  miniature  Niagara;  this  blocked  our 
further  progress  upwards.  After  an  interval  of  rest 
we  decided  upon  our  return  journey,  which  we  found 
as  difficult  as  the  upward  one.  After  a  damp  and 
exciting  struggle  we  reached  our  starting  point,  where 
we  found  our  faithful  quadruped  waiting  to  convey  us 
to  less  exciting  scenes,  and  where  we  soon  satisfied 
our  eager  appetites.  T,  Smith,  Timaru,  iVav 
Zealand, 


hedges  may  receive  two  trimmings  annually,  one  in 
early  June,  and  the  other  in  August,  thus  keeping 
them  at  all  times  in  a  neat  outline  and  inducing  a 
close  even  growth.   A.  D.  li'clistet: 


]*^OREgTI^Y. 

THINNING. 
The  thinning  of  young  plantations,  more  espe- 
cially such  as  are  being  operated  upon  for  the  first 
time,  should  now  be  taken  in  hand  and  continued 
till  about  the  end  of  August.  This  is  all  the  more 
necessary  in  recently  formed  woods  at  high  altitudes, 
as  by  thinning  during  the  summer  months  the  remain- 
ing trees  are  better  able  to  withstand  the  succeeding 
cold  weather  than  when  the  work  is  performed  at 
the  usually  specified  time  in  the  autumn  or  winter. 
Of  course  this  rule  must  not  in  all  cases  be  applied 
generally,  as  it  is  well  known  that  timber  cut  during 
the  summer  is  inferior  as  regards  listing  qualities  to 
that  felled  at  any  other  time.  In  thinning  ele- 
vated plantations  let  the  work  be  executed  with 
great  caution,  as  the  results  occasioned  by  the 
free  ingress  of  cold  winds  are  oftentimes  serious  in 
the  extreme.  Rather  thin  often,  and  remove  little  at  a 
time  than  undergo  any  risk,  and  pay  attention  that 
the  outer  line  or  lines  on  the  exposed  sides  are  left 
thicker  than  those  within  the  woodland.  Collect  the 
poles  in  lots,  keeping  each  kind  separate,  and  arrange 
according  to  size.  The  lots  had  best  be  formed  along 
the  sides  of  the  clearance  roads,  and  where  facility 
for  removal  is  guaranteed.  In  such  woods  the 
branches  may  be  of  but  little  value  ;  still,  for  the 
health  of  the  trees  and  tidiness  of  the  woodlands  they 
had  better  be  made  into  faggots,  and  either  sold  at 
once  or  carted  home  and  stacked  for  winter  use  in  the 
mansion.  By  so  doing  all  forest  produce  is  utilised, 
and  the  ever- increasing  insect  pests  kept  considerably 
in  bounds. 

Hedging. 

Now  is  the  time  to  prune  with  a  sharp  switching 
knife  all  sorts  ol  hedges — Yew,  Box,  Privet,  Thorn, 
Beech,  or  Hornbeam — and  at  the  same  time  it  will 
be  advantageous,  and,  perhaps,  obviate  the  chances 
of  its  being  forgotten  altogether,  to  thoroughly 
clear  the  ground  along  the  base  of  each,  freeing  it 
from  all  rank  weeds — indeed,  weeds  of  any  kind — 
and  removing  any  dead  or  dying  plants  and  twigs. 
Collect  the  prunings  with  a  rake  into  heaps,  and 
either  have  them  conveyed  to  some  suitable  place  for 
such  rubbish,  or  burned  on  the  spot.  In  the  case  of 
Yew  prunings,  or,  indeed,  those  of  Laurel  and  Rhodo- 
dendron, the  best  way  is  to  reduce  them  to  ashes  on 
the  ground,  as  all  three  are  highly  deleterious  to  farm 
stock  generally.  Yew  branches  in  particutar  should 
never  be  allowed  to  lie  about  within  the  reach  of 
horses,  cattle,  or  sheep  ;  and  it  is  likewise  well  to 
remember,  that  in  a  half  dead  state  the  foliage  of  this 
tree  is  even  more  dangerous  than  when  newly  cut. 
In  cleaning  along  the  base  of  fences,  the  hoe  and 
rake  are,  perhaps,  preferable  to  any  other  tools, 
although  good  results  frequently  follow  a  shallow  dig- 
ging of  the  soil,  but  in  so  doing  take  great  care  not  to 
come  in  contact  with,  nor  to  injure  the  surface  roots. 
Bear  in  mind  that  clean  kept  hedges,  and  such  as 
receive  an  annual  trimming,  will  last  much  longer, 
and  form  a  more  impenetrable  fence  with  less  cost  for 
repairs  and  attendance  than  those  which  are  allowed  to 
run  wild  and  have  their  own  way.    Liwn  and  nursery 


PELARGONIUMS. 
\Vhere  the  necessary  house -accommodation  for 
wintering  bedding  Pelargoniums  in  4-inch  pots  exists, 
t!  e  present  is  the  best  time  to  begin  propagating  for 
next  year.  Select  a  sheltered  situation  with  a  good  ex- 
posure tothesun,  and  one  well  provided  with  drainage. 
Throw  this  into  3  or  4  feet  beds  ;  get  a  mixture  of 
leaf-mould  and  sand  in  about  equal  quantities,  and 
mix  this  with  2  inches  of  the  soil  in  the  beds.  On 
this  the  cuttings  should  be  pricked  off  from  2  to  3 
inches  apart.  They  will  be  rooted  by  the  usual 
time,  and  ready  for  potting  up  in  August.  This  is 
a  capital  plan  (or  saving  labour  in  the  busy  months  of 
spring.  With  this  plan  only  about  one-half  the  usual 
quantity  of  Pelargoniums  are  needed  to  fill  the  beds, 
as  the  plants  are  much  larger  and  they  flower  more 
abundantly  than  when  struck  later  on  in  the  autumn. 

Sub-tropical  Beds. 
Special  attention  must  be  given  here,  in  order  to 
induce  the  plants  to  make  a  vigorous  growth,  they 
mast  receive  copious  supplies  of  water  and  a  mulch- 
ing of  well  rotted  manure.  See  that  all  tall  growers 
as  Cannabis,  Ric'nus,  Wigandias,  &c  ,  are  securely 
staked.  Frequently  stir  the  surface  of  all  flower 
beds  with  the  hoe,  or  where  that  is  impracticable 
with  a  small  hand  fork.  This  is  of  great  importance, 
especially  where  water  has  been  artificially  applied. 
Flatten  down  edgings  of  Cerastium  and  clip  them 
into  proper  shape  ;  this  is  frequently  requisite  in 
order  to  keep  it  in  proper  trim.  Sintolina  will  often 
require  the  same  treatment,  or  else  it  will  soon  out- 
grow its  proper  bounds. 

Ranunculus 
should   be   lifted   out   of  the   beds  as  soon    as   the 
foliage  and  stems  turn  yellow,  or  else  they  are  apt  to 
again  start  into  growth.     These  are  best  stored  in 
sand  and  placed  in  a  cool  shed  or  cellar. 

Creepers, 
These  should  have  their  shoots  thinned  and  regu- 
lated as  growth  proceeds.  Lay  in  sufficient  young 
growths  to  furnish  all  bare  spaces,  and  expose  them 
well  to  the  influence  of  light  and  air,  in  order  to  have 
the  wood  well  ripened  for  next  season's  display. 

Hedges,  &c. 
Clip  hedges  into  the  desired  shape,  also  plants 
which  are  used  for  the  embellishment  of  Italian  and 
geometric  flower  gardens.  These  are  cut  into  all 
sorts  of  architectural  figures,  but  I  must  confess  I 
never  saw  any  beauty  about  them  ;  they  are  too  stiff 
and  formal.  Sweet  Bays  and  Laurels  are  belter 
trimmed  with  the  knife,  as  the  shears  mutilate  the 
foliage,  causing  it  to  turn  brown  on  the  edges. 

Sowing,  &c. 
A  sowing  of  Mignonette  and  many  other  of  the 
hardy  annuals  may  still  be  made.  For  late  flowering 
stake  any  of  the  tall  growing  kinds,  to  prevent  them 
falling  over.  A  good  sowing  of  East  Lothian  Stocks 
should  also  be  made  at  once.  If  these  be  pricked 
into  a  cold  frame,  wintered  with  slight  protection, 
and  planted  out  in  spring,  they  will  be  in  full  flower  by 
the  middle  of  June,  and  will  continue  flowering 
throughout  the  summer.  Divide  and  strike  cuttings 
of  any  new  plants  which  are  scarce.   W.  M.  Baillie, 


"P^AJ^Tp  AND  THEIR  ;pUJ.TUI^E. 


COLOURED-LE.WED  PL.\NTS. 
The  foliage  plants  in  this  deparment,  such  as 
Alocasias,  Marantas,  Aothuriums,  Fittonias,  Cyano- 
phyllums,  Sphserogynes,  &c.,  will  be  much  benefited 
by  having  frequent  waterings  of  liquid  manure. 
Keep  the  syringe  well  at  work  amongst  the  plants, 
regulating  the  young  growths  as  they  come  up,  other- 
wise some  of  them  will  get  crippled  in  pushing 
through  the  older  foliage  and  stakes,  A  watch  must 
be  kept  for  fly  on  the  young  leaves.     Cyanophyllum 


July  3,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


15 


magnificum  and  Spbrerogyne  latifolia  must  be  kept 
in  the  shadiest  part  of  the  house.  All  the  above 
plants  are  moisture  and  shade  lovers,  but  shading 
must  not  be  used  more  than  is  necessary  to  prevent 
burning  or  discoloration  of  the  foliage.  For  Crotons 
plenty  of  light,  heat  and  moisture  are  the  conditions 
most  favourable  to  their  growth  ;  to  ensure  this  the 
plants  should  be  freely  syringed  both  morningand  afier- 
noon,  shutting  up  early  so  as  to  husband  some  heat, 
The  planis  should  now  be  making  rapid  progress,  and 
liberal  supplies  of  water  at  the  root  will  be  required. 
Crotons  are  well  adapted  for  table  decoration, 
especially  those  with  long,  narrow  and  spiral  foliage 
when  grown  with  a  single  stem  in  6  inch  pots. 

Caladiums. 
Caladiums  should  now  be  growing  away  freely  ;  any 
small  bulbs  or  e)'es  which  were  not  ready  some  lime 
ago  for  potling  should  now  be  potted.  Caladiums 
do  best  in  loose  rough  soil,  such  as  fibry  loam,  lea*"- 
mould  or  peat,  and  few  plants  are  more  tffecive 
during  the  summer  months  than  are  dwarf  sturdy  "speci- 
mens of  these,  A  selection  should  be  kept  in  suit- 
able sized  pots,  so  as  to  be  available  for  decoration 
when  wanted.  If  the  plants  be  subjected  lo  plenty 
of  light,  their  stems  and  leaves  will  become  much 
stouter  and  stronger,  and  the  colouring  much  brigh:er 
and  more  fully  developed  than  when  shade  is  em- 
ployed beyond  what  is  absolutely  necessary  to  keep 
them  from  burning. 

Dracenas. 
These  most  accommodating  plants  may  now  be  set 
in  any  cool  structure,  provided  they  have  been  pre- 
pared for  it  during  the  past  few  weeks,  by  being 
gradually  hardened  in  a  drier  and  more  airy  house. 
There  are  few  if  any  stove  subjects  that  will  stand 
the  sudden  changes  of  temperature  and  hard  usage 
that  the  Dracaenas  will.  There  are  now  so  many 
varieties,  and  the  range  of  colour  in  their  leaf- 
markings  is  so  wide,  that  a  fair  collection  ehould  be 
in  every  establishment  where  summer  or  winter 
decoration  is  required  ;  and  although  the  Dracaena 
stands  the  efTects  of  usage  indoors  with  impunity,  it 
is  advisable  to  change  them  as  often  as  possible. 
A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill. 


JhE    'pRCHID    JioUgES. 


D  E  N  D  R  O  B  I  U  M  S. 

The  house  we  set  apart  for  these  runs  east  and 
west,  and  as  we  use  the  thinnest  titfany  for  shading, 
that  is  6xed  on  the  outside,  so  that  the  sun  can 
exercise  its  full  power  on  the  plants  grown  in  this 
way.  They  will  stand  a  much  stronger  fumigating 
when  grown  thus,  providing  all  the  plants  are  moist 
at  the  roots.  It  has  been  thought  by  some  .persons 
that  Dendrobium  thytsiBorum  and  D.  densiflorum 
are  injured  by  being  grown  in  too  much  sunlight, 
and  that  spot  is  induced  ;  but  I  think  there  is  some 
other  cause  for  the  spot  on  the  leaves.  Many  of  the 
Dendrobiums  will  now  be  far  advanced  in  growth,  and 
will  be  making  fresh  roots  from  the  base  of  the  new 
pseudobulbs ;  those  that  are  looking  extra  strong 
might  require  a  small  shift  if  they  are  under-potted, 
but  should  be  disturbed  as  little  as  possible  in  the 
operation,  for  if  the  least  check  is  given  to  the  plant 
it  will  often  start  another  growth  instead  of  finishing 
the  first,  and  with  our  short  summers  it  requires  veiy 
great  care  to  mature  these  late  growths.  The  Den- 
drobiums are  better  for  being  confined  at  the  root, 
and  usually  succeed  better  when  overpotting  is 
avoided.  I  find  the  best  way  to  treat  large  plant;, 
if  they  have  lost  their  roots  through  the  soil  getting 
sour,  is  to  pot  them  back  into  much  smaller  pots,  and 
then  plunge  the  pot  in  a  larger  one,  filling  up  round 
it  with  crocks,  and  covering  the  surface  with  lumps  of 
peat  and  moss  ;  but  I  do  not  think  it  good  practice  to 
place  one  basket  inside  another  if  it  can  be  avoided  : 
for  the  wood  soon  begins  to  decay  when  buried,  and 
rapidly  causes  the  whole  compost  to  be  unfit  for  the 
roots  to  thrive,  besides  breeding  injurious  fungi. 
Any  of  the  plants  in  baskets  where  the  material  at 
the  roots  is  getting  sour  might  have  this  picked  out 
carefully  with  a  small  pointed  stick,  and  be  top- 
dressed  with  live  sphagnum  and  fibrous  peat.  Any 
specimens  in  pots  that  require  more  room  place  the 
pot  inside  a  larger  one,  and  fill  round  with  crocks 
and  top-dress.     It  is  not  prudent  to  break  the  inside 


pot  when  a  plant  is  making  growth  nor  to  make  a 
larger  hole  in  the  bottom,  as  nearly  all  the  new  roots 
of  these  Orchids  show  themselves  on  the  surface. 
With  regard  to  D.  Wardianum  and  D.  crassinode  it 
does  not  seem  to  make  much  difference  whether  they 
are  in  pots  or  baskets,  or  if  suspended  from  the  roof 
or  standing  on  the  stage  when  the  house  is  a  very 
light  one.  D.  Jamesianum,  D.  infundibulum,  and 
D.  longicornu  grow  and  flower  well  on  the  north  side 
of  our  Dendrobium-house  at  the  cooler  end,  the 
bottom  ventilator  near  them  being  left  open  night 
and  day  during  the  warm  weather.  D.  Cambridge- 
anum  is  allowed  to  flower  in  this  house,  it  being 
afterwards  taken  into  the  house  where  the  Lycastes 
are  grown  and  hung  up  near  the  glass  until  spring, 
when  it  starts  to  grow,  it  being  then  taken  back  into 
the  Dendrobium-house  proper.  Epidendrum  arach- 
noglossum,  E.  xanthinum,  and  Cyitopodium  punc- 
tatum  all  enjoy  the  sunny  house  in  which  the  Den- 
drobiums grow,  and  Tbunias  grow  and  flower  well 
here  also.  There  arc  some  Dendrobiums  which  are 
found  to  do  best  when  started  in  more  heat  than 
those  already  named,  and  taken  into  a  cooler  house 
when  they  have  nearly  finished  their  growths.  Run- 
ning out  on  one  side  of  our  Phalcenopsis-house  is  a 
narrow  very  sharp  pitched  span-house,  in  which  such 
Dendrobes  are  suspended  from  the  roof  :  here  they 
have  the  same  temperature  as  the  Phalsenopsis  at 
night  and  in  dull  weather ;  but  when  the  sun  shines 
the  shading  is  put  on  for  a  lime  in  ihe  morning  and 
rolled  up  early  in  the  afternoon,  so  that  the  Dendro- 
biums have  plenty  of  sun  without  its  doing  harm  to 
the  other  plants  in  the  house.  The  following  are 
those  that  we  treat  in  this  way  : — D.  Ainsworthii  x  , 
D.  albo-sanguineum,  D.  Bensonise,  D.  bigibbum,  D. 
Brymerianum,  D.  llarryanum,  D.  Lowii,  D.  luteolum, 
D.  McCarthise,  D.  Phalaenopsis,  D.  rhodostoma,  D. 
splendidissimum,  D.  superbiens,  D.  Dearei,  D. 
devonianum,  D.  endocharis,  D.  Findleyanum,  D. 
formosum  giganteum,  and  a  few  others.  As  bright 
warm  days  may  now  be  expected  keep  plenty  of 
moisture  about  Ihe  Dendrobes.  A  very  simple  way 
lo  charge  Ihe  air  with  moisture  is  to  take  a  well  pack  ed 
syringe,  and  placing  one  finger  over  the  jet,  exert 
pressure  sufficient  to  disperse  a  very  fine  spray  on  to 
Ihe  roof,  at  ihe  same  time  walking  backwards,  and 
not  directing  Ihe  water  on  to  the  planis,  but  letting 
it  fall  all  around.  The  plants  are  not  injured  in  the 
least,  [although  Ihe  sun  may  be  shining  holly,  if  Ihe 
shading  be  of  the  thinnest.  It  has  been  necessary 
recently  to  keep  the  fires  going  in  the  warm  divisions 
of  Ihe  Orchid-houses,  so  as  to  keep  the  East  Indian 
house  at  about  70°  at  night,  and  the  Cattleya-house 
with  a  little  air  admitted  at  about  65°.  The  venti- 
lators in  Ihe  Odontoglossum  and  Masdevallia  houses 
can  be  left  open  night  and  day.  A.  Woolford, 
Downside,  Lsathcrhead. 


SEAK  ALE. 
That  intended  for  forcing  should  be  looked  over, 
and  where  there  are  more  than  two  growths  lo  a 
plant  the  surplus  ones  must  be  removed  ;  and  if 
extra  fine  Kale  be  desired,  one  growth  only  should  be 
retained,  and  any  flower-spikes  that  may  make  their 
appearance  should  also  be  cut  out.  Keep  the  ground 
clean  between  the  planis  by  hoeing  until  the  leaves 
meet  overhead.  As  a  top-dressing  (or  this  plant 
apply  nitrate  of  soda  at  the  rate  of  from  4  to  5  cwt. 
per  acre. 

Globe  Artichokks. 

These  will  now  be  throwing  up  their  flower-spikes, 
and  also  a  quantity  of  suckers  ;  and  with  ihe  object 
of  throwing  as  much  strength  as  possible  into  the 
blooms,  the  latter  should  be  removed,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  from  three  to  four  for  next  year's  yield. 
Great  advantage  would  result  if  during  dry  weather 
these  could  be  copiously  watered  with  liquid-manure, 
and  afterwards  mulched  with  rotten  dung.  In  some 
instances  it  will  be  found  necessary  to  thin  out,  not 
only  a  portion  of  the  flower-spikes,  but  also  some  of 
the  too  thickly  placed  flower-buds,  in  order  to  obtain 
large,  fleshy,  well-developed  flower-heads. 

Asparagus. 

As  a  rule,  cutting  for  this  season  will  have  ceased  ; 
the  beds  therefore,  should  be  thoroughly]  cleared  of 


weeds  before  Ihe  foliage  has  become  too  dense.  This 
may  be  accomplished  eilher  by  a  light  sufficient  top- 
dressing  of  salt,  or  by  hoeing  and  hand-weeding  ;  and 
in  any  case  a  good  top-dressing  of  "  Fish,"  or  some 
other  approved  artificial  manure,  should  be  applied 
after  discontinuing  culling.  This  is  the  most  effica- 
cious and  best  method  of  applying  a  stimulant  lo 
Asparagus  during  summer.  When  means  and  coi:- 
venience  will  allow,  waterings  of  liquid-manure  or 
sewage  during  hot  weather  would  be  most  beneficial, 
and  its  effects  more  bsting  ;  but  as  applications  of 
this  kind  could  only  be  possible  in  certain  cases,  and 
under  certain  condiiions,  top-dressing,  as  described 
above,  is  the  most  practical,  and  therefore  most  gen- 
erally adopted  method  of  summer  dressing.  Where 
the  aftergrowth  is  very  luxuriant,  and  attains  some 
considerable  height,  and  is  consequently  exposed  lo 
the  (orce  of  the  wind,  some  support  should  be  given, 
either  by  stakes  and  lying,  or  by  placing  foiked 
stakes  amongst  the  foliage,  similar  to  those  used  for 
Peas.  Failing  eilher  of  these  methods,  the  latest  ard 
most  exposed  growths  can  be  shortened  from  2  lo  3 
feet  with  a  knife. 

Vegetaiile  Marrows. 
Those  that  were  planted  in  dung-frames  for  an 
early  supply,  and  that  have  been  allowed  to  run  from 
under  them,  can  now  have  the  lights  and  frames 
removed  entirely.  Clear  away  all  old  discoloured 
leaves  and  weakly  growths,  and  regulate  and  pfg 
down  the  leading  shoots,  that  they  may  root  and 
assist  the  parent  plant.  Ridge  Cucumbers  will  like- 
wise require  attention  in  much  Ihe  same  way,  and 
both  will  want  plenty  of  water  during  hot  weather. 

Herbs,  &c. 
Shallots  and  Garlic  will  soon  be  ready  to  lift, 
which  will  be  apparent  by  the  withering  of  the 
foliage  ;  after  being  pulled  they  should  remain  on 
the  ground  for  a  few  days,  in  order  to  get  firm  and 
thoroughly  dry,  and  afterwards  cleaned  over  and 
stored.  All  herbs  required  for  use  in  a  dry  slate 
must  be  cut  as  they  come  into  bloom,  and  should  be 
spread  thinly  on  boards  in  any  dry  airy  structure, 
and  kept  turned  until  thoroughly  dry,  when  they  are 
best  tied  up  into  convenient  bunches  and  hung  in  a 
suitable  place  ready  for  use. 

General  Work. 

This  will  mainly  consist  of  attention  to  growing 
crops,  in  removing  all  refuse,  and  clearing  the  ground 
from  a  previous  crop  and  preparing  it  for  a  succes- 
sional  one.  Borders  being  cleared  of  Cauliflowers, 
after  being  forked  over,  come  in  well  for  French 
Beans,  Early  Horn  Carrots,  &c.,  for  late  autumn 
supply.  After  early  Potatos,  Turnips,  small  kinds  of 
Summer  Cabbage,  Coleworts,  &c.,  make  a  good 
succession.  The  two  last-named  can  be  pricked  out 
from  3  to  4  inches  apart,  in  rows  a  foot  asunder,  and 
afterwards  thinned  to  proper  distances  for  successional 
purposes.  Plant  out  all  kinds  of  Kale,  Broccoli, 
Cauliflowers,  and  also  a  lale  batch  of  Brussels 
Sprouts. 

Watering. 

This  will  be  necessary  during  hot  weather,  particu 
larly  in  Ihe  case  of  newly  transplanted  subjects  and 
seed  beds  ;  and  in  the  event  of  continued  dry  hot 
weather  some  of  the  more  permanent  crops  will  also 
be  much  benefited  by  liberal  supplies  of  water,  which 
when  once  commenced  must  be  regularly  given  until 
rain  falls.  All  watering  outside  should  be  done  as 
late  in  the  day  as  possible,  and  the  water  used  for  the 
purpose  should,  if  possible,  have  been  exposed  to  the 
action  of  Ihe  sun  and  air.  John  Auslen,  Witky 
Court. 


Oranges  in  Valencia  and  Cordoba. — The 
Orange  crops  in  Valentia,  Spain,  appear  lo  be 
suffering  much  from  the  compeiuion  from  ihe  large 
and  increasing  crops  from  Florida  and  Californi?, 
thereby  closing  the  United  Slates  markets  to  ihe 
Valencia  crop.  The  loss  of  this  outlet  causes  exces- 
sive exporlation  to  Great  Britain,  and  consequently 
unremuneralive  results.  The  quantity  of  Oranges 
exported  from  Valencia  during  the  season  from 
November  to  June  amounted  to  about  2,000,000 
cases.  From  Cordoba,  however,  the  bitter  Orange 
is  exported  in  increasing  quantities.  It  is  much 
grown  in  this  district,  and  during  the  last  five  years 
the  produce  grown  has  increased  from  2000  boxes  to 
6000  ;  one  box  contains  500  Oranges.  They  are  all 
shipped  to  London  and  Liverpool,  and  are  used  for 
making  marmalade. 


i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  3,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Show  of  the  National    Rose    Society,    at 
:stablished  Orchids, 


Tuesday, 


f  Show  of  the  National    R 
I,  1  .  «  J      J^outh  Kensington 
■l"'>^°'i  Sale  of  Imported  and  Esta 

(     at  Prothcroe  &  Morris'  K 


ihow  (two  days). 
Richmond  (Surrey)  Horticullural  Society's 
)      Summer  Show. 
Wednesday,    July  7  i  Wimbledon     and     District     Horticultural 
Society's  Show. 
Sale    of  Imported  Orchids    from    Messrs. 
Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co.,  and  others, 
at  Stevens'  Room. 
Show  ol  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of 


Sale  of  Imported  Orchids  from    Mr. 


Morris'  Rooms. 


A  SUMMER  sun,  an  extensive  and  varied 
exhibition  should  render  the  Provincial 
Show  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
at  Liverpool  a  great  success.  At  any  rate 
the  Society  deserves  to  succeed,  for  it  has  gone 
into  the  matter  with  spirit.  Mr.  Barron  has 
worked  with  his  usual  quiet  energy  and  careful 
method,  and  he  is  well  seconded  by  his  staff, 
and  by  that  of  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Garden. 
The  exhibition  held  in  Wavertree  Park,  adjoin- 
ing the  Botanic  Garden,  and  in  communication 
with  the  "  Shipperies,"  was  formally  opened  on 
Tuesday  last  by  Sir  David  Radclyffe,  the 
Mayor,  at  the  request  of  Sir  Trevor  Law- 
rence, the  President.  Some  complimentary 
remarks  passed  between  the  two  notables,  and 
the  opportuneness  of  so  agreeable  a  neutral 
ground  being  provided  for  thewarring  politicians 
of  the  time  and  place  was  appropriately  com- 
mented upon  by  both  speakers.  The  exhibition 
is,  as  we  have  said,  large  and  varied.  If  we  miss 
some  features  which  render  the  Ghent  Quin- 
quennials so  remarkable — the  Palms,  the  Cycads, 
the  Tree  Ferns,  the  outdoor  exhibits — these  defi- 
ciencies are  in  a  measure  supplied  by  the  adja- 
cent Botanic  Garden,  upon  which  we  have 
reported  in  a  previous  number.  The  details  of 
the  show  must  be  looked  for  in  another  column  ; 
but  we  may  here  allude  to  some  of  the  more  pro- 
minent features.  The  principal  part  of  the 
exhibition  is  held  in  a  huge  tent  of  four  bays, 
well  filled  and  well  arranged,  but  from  its  flatness 
lacking  variety  on  a  first  impression  ;  the  canvas 
covering  it  is  too  opaque,  and  in  dull  weather 
would  seriously  interfere  with  the  effect,  but 
under  a  broiling  sun,  such  as  we  had  on  Tuesday 
and  Wednesday,  this  was  of  little  consequence. 
Other  tents  are  devoted  to  fruit,  vegetables,  cut 
flowers,  and  miscellanea,  while  in  the  grounds 
are  implements,  boilers,  and  the  farrago  of  varie- 
ties one  generally  sees  on  such  occasions. 

Foremost  we  must  mention  the  Orchids. 
These  are  mainly  contributed  from  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Liverpool,  and  they  constitute  a 
display  never  before  equalled  at  a  provincial 
ihow  of  the  Society.  Mr.  Hardy  takes  the 
lion's  share  of  the  honours,  followed  by  Mr. 
Harvey.  The  former  gentleman  wins  the 
25  guinea  cup — Lancashire  "  t'e  coop." 

Next  to  the  Orchids  the  most  important  ex- 
hibit is  constituted  by  the  Crotons  exhibited  by 
Messrs.  Ker,  of  Liverpool.  These  are  magni- 
ficent plants,  well  coloured  and  well  grown. 
Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  are  fairly  well  re- 
presented by  well  grown,  well  bloomed  speci- 
mens, and  Ferns,  excepting  Tree  Ferns,  are 
well  shown.  British  Ferns  prove  their  right 
to  take  part  in  such  displays,  and  Messrs. 
Backhouse's  filmy  Ferns  constitute  the 
most  remarkable  collection  of  the  kind  for 
variety  and  numbers  that  we  ever  remember 
on  such  occasions.  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  & 
SONS  send  a  group  of  Bromeliads  that  makes 
one  wonder  why  our  exhibitors  do  not  more 
often  show  these  plants.  Messrs.  J.  Laing  & 
Co.  show  a  fine  lot  of  Caladiums.  New  plants, 
to  our  regret  and  surprise,  are  scarcely  repre- 
sented, and  together  with  the  comparative 
absence  of  Palms,  Tree  Ferns,  Cycads,  and  the 


like,  testify  to  the  change  that  has  come  over 
public  horticultural  displays  of  late — a  change 
which,  while  it  favours  a  few  specialties,  such  as 
Orchids,  Roses,  and  market-plants  tends  to 
ignore  subjects  of  more  general  and  varied 
interest ;  but  this  is  an  accident  of  fashion  and 
of  commerce. 

Herbaceous  plants  are  exceedingly  well  rep- 
resented by  choice  collections  from  Messrs. 
Backhouse,  Paul  &  Sons,  and  Harvey. 
Messrs.  Barron  &  Son  of  Elvaston,  con- 
tribute a  fine  collection  of  choice  well  grown 
specimens — Conifers  in  tubs — one  of  the  finest 
exhibits  in  the  show,  though  not  comprising 
much  novelty.  The  same  firm  also  shows  a 
small  but  fine  collection  of  standard  and  other 
Hollies.  Tree  Carnations  are  well  shown, 
especially  by  Mr.  Leopold  de  Rothschild  ; 
Mr.  Turner  of  Slough  has  also  a  good  set. 

Cut  flowers  comprise  Roses,  in  which  the 
Tea  section  is  splendidly  represented.  A 
glorious  set  of  Paeonies  is  shown  by  Messrs. 
James  Dickson,  of  Chester ;  and  Messrs. 
Kelway,  of  Langport,  have  also  a  fine  lot. 
Bouquets  and  table  decorations  comprisenothing 
of  special  importance,  the  good  ones  are  light, 
feathery,  with  the  flowers  well  individualised  ; 
the  bad  ones  are,  as  usual,  lumpy  and  crowded. 
Fruit  is  weakly  represented,  and  vegetables, 
though  of  excellent  quality,  are  in  smaller  quan- 
tities than  we  expected. 

Garden  literature,  a  novel  feature  in  these 
exhibitions,  was  very  poorly  represented,  very 
few  of  the  curiosities  of  literature  being  repre- 
sented, and  modern  books  being  only  imper- 
fectly shown.  Landscape  -  garden  plans  were 
numerous,  some  very  ill  suited  for  the  purpose, 
but  others,  though  presenting  no  special  feature, 
apparently  well  designed. 

Mrs.  CUSSONS  showed  some  bold,  free  draw- 
ings of  Roses  on  panels,  and  Mrs.  Harry 
Turner  may  be  recommended  for  her  vase, 
decorated  with  a  painting  of  Jackman's  Cle- 
matis, but  other  exhibitors  in  this  class  were 
scarcely  up  to  the  mark,  and  some  ill-advised 
persons  must  needs  deface  and  obscure  looking- 
glasses  by  attempting  to  paint  flowers  on  them. 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  show  a  nice  collection 
ol  annuals  ;  Messrs.  Jas.  Dickson  &  Sons, 
and  Messrs.  Barron  of  Elvaston,  have  a  fine 
series  of  ornamental  foliage  trees  which  makes 
us  wonder  such  beautiful  and  interesting  plants 
are  so  much  neglected. 

Messrs.  Veitch's  group  of  miscellaneous 
plants  was  deservedly  admired,  consisting  of  a 
background  of  noble  Anthuriums,  such  as 
Veitchianum,  Warocqueanum,  and  others,  with 
masses  of  Hydrangea  paniculata  grandiflora, 
Hsemanthus  hirsutus,  the  white  variety ;  a 
small  group  of  carnivorous  plants  in  fresh  con- 
dition, the  blue  Exacum  macranthum,  Nephro- 
lepis  rufescens  tripinnatifidum,  and  other  choice 
plants  being  interspersed. 

The  greenhouses  and  boilers  present  nothing 
that  we  need  note  in  a  general  sketch  like  this, 
but  Messrs.  Weeks  show  a  very  ingenious 
arrangement  for  healing  a  living  room.  It  con- 
sists of  an  arrangement  of  water-tubes  at  the 
back  ;  the  fire  is  open  by  day,  and  at  night  by 
the  application  of  a  couvre  feu,  or  curfew,  is 
converted  into  a  slow  combustion  apparatus,  by 
means  of  which  the  heat  is  retained  for  a  long 
period  without  need  of  attention  to  the  fire. 

For  a  full  report  of  the  exhibition,  and  the 
meetings  held  in  connection  with  it,  we  may 
refer  to  other  columns  of  this  issue. 


The  results  of  the  competition  for  the  Prizes 
TO  Young  Gardeners  offered  by  this  journal 
and  presented  at  Liverpool  on  Wednesday  last 
by  the  President  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  as  reported  in  another  column,  are, 
on  the  whole,  very  satisfactory.  Considering 
the  number  of  candidates  there  are  very  few 
essays  that  can  be  considered  bad  ;  almost 
all  attained  what  we  may  call  a  fair  average, 
and  a  few  were  certainly  considerably  above 
what  could  fairly  have  been  expected.  In 
estimating  the  value  of  the  papers  we  bore 
in  mind  the  opportunities,  circumstances,  and 
positions  of  young  gardeners  in  general,  and 
we  laid  special  stress,  by  allotting  double  marks 


to  evidences  of  original  or  independent  ob- 
servation, and  to  the  application  of  the  facts 
of  botany  and  vegetable  physiology  to  practical 
cultivation. 

The  essays  were  all  sent  in  marked  by 
a  motto  or  other  device  by  which  the 
writer  could  be  identified,  an  envelope 
marked  in  a  similar  way,  and  containing  the 
writer's  real  name  and  address,  being  sent  with 
the  essays.  None  of  these  envelopes,  except 
those  belonging  to  the  successful  candidates, 
have  been  opened.  As  usual  on  such  occa- 
sions, there  was  little  relative  difficulty  in 
allotting  the  first  and  second  prizes,  but  much 
more  in  determining  which  should  take  third 
place.  In  fact,  there  were  several  that  were 
nearly  equal,  and  it  required  repeated  exami- 
nations to  determine  which  was  entitled  to 
precedence. 

Of  the  remaining  essays  little  need  be  said. 
Some  were  good  in  some  points,  weak  in 
others,  few  or  none  wholly  bad.  Many  of 
them  are  defective  in  the  knowledge  of  root- 
structure,  the  long-exploded  notion  of  "  spon- 
gioles,"  unfortunately  retained  in  many  modern 
gardening  books,  being  still  adhered  to.  This 
points  to  a  defect  in  many  garden  books  which 
we  have  often  had  occasion  to  note. 

From  what  we  have  seen,  we  feel  confident 
that  all  the  candidates  will  have  been  benefited 
by  the  competition.  It  has  evidently  called  forth 
their  powers  ofobservation,  excited  their  interest, 
awakened  new  ideas  in  their  minds,  and  brought 
home  to  them  a  sense  of  what  they  had  less 
perfectly  realised  before  —  the  cardinal  im- 
portance of  the  root  and  its  action  in  matters 
pertaining  to  the  cultivation  of  plants.  If  this 
be  so,  and  we  believe  it  is,  then  not  one  of  the 
candidates  will  regret  having  entered  upon 
the  competition.  Some  have  discovered  that 
"  Science  "  is,  after  all,  only  orderly  knowledge, 
and  now  express  their  surprise  at  the  opinion 
held  by  some  that  there  is  anything  antago- 
nistic between  knowledge  and  practice,  as  if  the 
best  practitioner  were  not  he  who  combines  the 
fullest  knowledge  of  his  subject  with  the 
greatest  capacity  of  applying  it  in  practice. 

The  1st  prize  oi  £10  is  awarded  to — 
P.  Sewell, 
Royal   Botanic     Garden,    Edinburgh ;     whose 
paper  is  very  good,  and  illustrated  by  excellent 
drawings. 
The  2d  prize  of  £%  is  awarded  to — 
Harry  A.  Bunyard, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  Chiswick. 
The  3d  prize  of  £2  is  adjudged  to — 
John  Duncan, 
Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh. 

All  the  essays  whose  receipt  has  been  acknowledged 
have  been  read  and  re-read,  and  in  some  cases  read  a 
third  time.  The  three  first,  to  which  prizes  were 
awarded,  have  been  already  mentioned.  Two  of 
them  were  illustrated  by  excellent  drawings.  The 
followiog  comments  have  been  made  on  those  which 
failed  to  reach  the  prize  standard.  Many  of  these 
are  nevertheless  very  meritorious,  and  they  have  been 
classed  in  three  groups,  as  under : — 

First-clast. 
"  Industry  is  the  Key  to  Progress "  :  relatively 
deficient  in  cultural  matters. — *'Adscriptus  glebae" 
shows  unusually  good  knowledge  of  what  a  root 
really  is,  but  is  weak  in  cultural  matters. — "Altiora 
Peto  "  and  "  Spes  et  Perseverantia  "  must  have  worked 
in  the  same  garden,  if  not  at  the  same  desk.— 
"Primrose":  a  good  essay,  but  smacking  too  much 
of  mere  book  learning. — "May  Flower":  a  good 
essay,  which  would  have  attained  a  higher  place  bad 
the  writer  not  wandered  so  much  from  the  subjects 
laid  down  ia  the  programme,  "  May  Flower  "  has 
evidently  acquired  much  information,  and  we  hope 
we  may  meet  with  him  again  as  a  writer. — "  Tantus 
Amor  Florum  "  sends  a  good  paper,  especially  in  the 
practical  portions. 


> 


> 

r 
r 


July  3,  «886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


17 


Second-class. 

' '  Vinca  "  :  a  good  practical  paper,  but  the  chemistry 

would  have  been  better  omitted. — "Bucks"  shows 

considerable  powers  of  observation,  but  his  inferences 

are  often  questionable. — "  Strathearn  "  shows  a  good 


Th  ird-  class. 

"  Nihil  "  need  not  apologise  for  his  handwriting, 

which,  if  not  elegant,  at  least  is  legible — a  matter  of 

much  greater  consequence  ;     "  Perseverance,"  good 

in  cultural  matters,  but  otherwise  defective;  "Ficotee" 


Ilex  ;  "  "  Omega  "  "  thinks  he  has  said  enough  ;"  is 
that  why  he  uses  the  last  letter  of  the  Greek  alpha- 
bet for  his  device  ?  He  has  evidently  taken  pains, 
but  under  the  circumstances  he  (vi)l  not  be  surprised 
if  we  do  not  class  him  A  I.     "  Water-pot "  :  your 


knowledge  of  root-form.  Query,  did  not  the  ice 
form  on  the  germinating  seed  ?  What  proof  is 
there  that  the  seed  actually  germinated  in  the  ice  ? — 
**  I.  J.  C."  is  commended  for  what  he  has  done, 
but  he  has  overlooked  many  points ;  a  similar 
remark  applies  to  "Excelsior,"  who  will  have  to 
get  higher  yet,  though  he  seems  to  be  on  the  right 
track. 


aslcs  for  sympathy  and  encouragement,  and  he  de- 
serves it — his  knowledge  of  root-action  is  good,  but 
he  has  not  sufficiently  brought  out  its  application  to 
practice;  "  Caractacus,"  "  Lady  Dell,"  "  A  Would- 
be  Botanist,"  "  Whittingtonian,"  "Ad  Valorem" 
demand  no  special  note. 

Unclassed. 
"Nil  Desperandum  I."  (nine  pages);    "  Quercus 


can  wants  filling  up.  "  Perseverance  leads  to 
Success":  so  it  does,  "Tibolt's"  practice  to 
his  superior  officer  we  cannot  commend.  "  Nil 
Desperandum  II."  (five  pages)  :  we  agree  that  you 
should  have  a  good  groundwork  to  root  in,  and 
we  commend  the  spirit  of  observation  and  experi- 
ment you  manifest.  Let  your  practice  be  based  on 
correct  observation  and  judicious  experiment,  and  you 


7HE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


I  July  3,  1S86. 


will  never  despair.  "Dendrobium  densiflorum  "  has 
apparently  got  his  information  from  some  obsolete 
book  ;  his  notions  of  the  action  of  roots  require,  in 
many  respects '*  radical  reformation."  "Beginner" 
is  no  doubt  right  when  he  says  that  if  we  understood 
better  how  plants  grow  naturally,  we  should  be  more 
successful  in  growing  thetn.  "  Nil  Desperandum  III." 
(five  pages)  should  certainly  not  despair,  but  he  will 
have  to  improve  his  knowledge  of  root  structure  and 
action.  "  Natura  est  aitis  magistra  "  has  a  fair  know- 
ledge of  structure,  but  some  departments  are  not 
touched  at  all ;  "  Cambrian  "  is  short  indeed  ;  "Live 
and  Learn  " — we  hope  he  will  ;  "  .Salopian  "  goes  a 
little  too  far  when  he  assigns  consciousness  .^nd 
thought  to  roots.  The  remaining  essays  do  net  call 
for  special  remark, 

John  Leech's   Pictures.— In   reply   to    a 

desire  very  generally  expressed  that  the  date  of 
execution  should  be  appended  to  each  of  JOH.N 
Leech's  pictures,  we  learn  that  the  publishers  intend 
to  provide  this  information  in  a  comprehensive  index 
at  the  end  of  each  of  the  volumes,  so  as  not  to  con- 
fuse and  in  some  degree  disfigure  the  pages  by  the 
continual  intrusion  of  dates. 

Excursion  of  Belgian  Horticultur- 
ists.— A  Belgian  tourists'  agent  is  about  to  per- 
sonally conduct  a  party  of  horticulturists  to  London, 
its  environs,  and  some  of  the  midland  and  western 
counties,  including  Elvaston,  Chatswotth,  Liverpool, 
Eaton  Hall,  Trentham,  &c.  The  date  fixed  is  from 
July  15  to  July  25.  The  programme  sketched  out 
for  the  excursionists  has  been  furnished  by  "  I'honor- 
able  Sir  Robert  Hogg."  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
our  Belgian  visitors  did  not  time  their  visit  so  as  to 
be  present  at  the  Liverpool  show.  The  Colonial 
Exhibition  does  not  figure  on  the  programme. 

The    Boiler    Contest    at    Liverpool 

Show. — An  account  ot  this  compeiiaon  will  appear 
in  our  issue  for  next  week,  the  trials  taking  place  too 
late  for  the  publication  of  results  this  week. 

Wellingtonia  GiganteA.— O.  O.  Wrig- 

ley,  Esq.,  Bridge  Hall,  Bury,  Lancashire,  sends 
us  a  photograph  taken  by  his  son,  and  which 
we  now  reproduce  (fig.  4,  p.  17)  of  one  of  eight 
Wellingtonias  now  growing  in  his  sister's  gar- 
den at  Wansfell,  Windermere.  These  eight  speci- 
mens were  purchased  in  the  autumn  of  1S64,  and  were 
so  small  when  planted  that  an  old  man  and  boy  car- 
ried them  on  a  hand-barrow  from  a  local  nursery 
garden  situated  about  a  mile  oft'.  The  specimen 
which  is  here  represented  is  now  40  feet  in  height, 
has  a  trunk  circumference  of  S  feet,  at  I J  foot 
above  the  ground,  and  its  spread  of  branches  close 
to  the  ground  is  quite  10  feet  all  round.  Another 
specimen  out  of  the  same  lot  is  an  equally  noble 
looking  tree,  being  42  feet  high,  S^  feet  round  the 
trunk,  and  is  one  mass  of  greenery  from  its  summit 
to  the  ground, 

Paper  Pulp  fbo.m  Yucca  brevifolia.— 

An  English  company  started  in  San  Francisco  for 
the  purpose  of  converting  the  Yucca  brevifolia  into 
paper  puip,  has,  it  is  said,  suspended  operations  for 
the  present,  the  venture  having  proved  unsuccessful. 
Notwithstanding  the  failure  of  this  company,  it  is 
confidently  stated  that  the  business  can  and  will  yet 
be  made  to  pay  handsomely. 

Result  of  the  Nitrate  of  Soda  Prize. 

— The  following  has  been  forwarded  to  us  for  publi- 
cation :— Carrying  out  the  scheme  ot  prizes  offered  by 
the  committee  of  the  Saltpetre  Producers'  Associa- 
tion (Comite  Salitero  at  Iquique,  Chili)  for  the  best 
popular  essay  treating  of  the  importance  of  nitrate  of 
soda  as  a  manure,  and  the  best  mode  of  its  applica- 
tion, the  judges — Professor  L.  Grandeau,  Nancy, 
France ;  Professor  Adolf  Mayer,  Wageningen, 
Holland  ;  Professor  D.  Petermann,  Gembloux, 
Belgium ;  Professor  G.  Thoms,  Riga,  Russia ; 
Professor  Paul  \Vagner.  Darmstadt,  Germany ; 
Mr.  R.  Warington,  Rothamsted,  England— have 
examined  the  essays  sent  in,  namely,  thirteen  Ger- 
man, thirteen  English,  and  four  French,  and  have 
made  the  following  awards  :  — i.  To  the  essay  with 
motto  "  Grau,  theurer  Freund,  ist  alle  Theorie,"  a 
partial  prize  of  ;£  350  (7000  marks).  2.  To  the  essay 
with  the  motto,  "  Pour  pratiquer  I'agricuUure  .  ,  ,  ," 
a  partial  prize  of  ;^I5o  (3000  marks).  On  opening 
the  accompanying  envelopes  the  author  of  the  first 
essay  was  found  to  be  Dr.  A,  Stutzer,  Principal  of 


the  Agricultural  Experimental  Station  at  Bonn;  and 
the  author  of  the  second  essay,  M.  A.  Damseaux, 
Professor  in  the  Agricultural  Academy  at  Gembloux. 
It  should  be  remembered  that  essays  competing  for 
the  second  part  of  the  prize  offered — namely,  .1(^500 
for  the  best  essay  treating  of  the  same  subject  on  the 
basis  of  new,  personal,  experimental  investigations — 
must  be  sent  to  one  of  the  above-named  judges  on  or 
before  January  i,  1SS7. 

Leschenaultia  biloea, — Notwithstanding 

all  the  panegyrical  statements  that  have  been  made 
with  regard  to  the  various  species  of  this  genus,  and 
especially  the  one  under  notice,  they  continue  to  be 
meagrely  represented  in  British  gardens.  The  same 
thing  applies  to  the  whole  order  Goodenoviece  con- 
taining some  highly  beautiful  and  extremely  interest- 
ing little  plants,  generally  considered  difficult  to 
cultivate.  This  is  the  fault  of  L.  biloba,  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Rci^isier,  2S,  2,  and  flowering  in  the 
temperate-house  pits  at  Kew.  The  deep  blue  flowers 
with  a  yellow  bearded  throat  are  really  fascinating. 
The  corolla  of  course  is  split  to  the  base  on  one  side, 
and  the  wedge  shaped,  unequal  sized  segments  are 
deeply  bifid  at  the  apex,  with  a  tooth  in  the  notch. 
The  whole  plant  does  not  exceed  a  foot  in  height,  and 
is  much  branched,  with  slender  twiggy  branches 
densely  clothed  with  linear  very  small  leaves.  Careful 
attention  must  be  given  not  to  over-water  this  and 
allied  plants.  Veitch  &  Sons  of  Exeter,  who  firU 
flowered  this  species  in  Britain,  obtained  a  large 
Silver  Medal  for  it  from  the  Horticultural  Society. 
The  name  was  formerly  spelt  Lechenaultia,  and  L. 
Drummondi  and  L.  grandiflora  are  synonyms  of  this 
species. 

Colonial  and  Indian   Exhibition.— At 

the  Conference  held  on  Wednesday,  June  30,  Pro- 
fessor W.  Fream  read  a  paper  on  "Colonial 
Forestry,"  in  which,  after  referring  to  the  inquiries 
of  the  Select  Committee  on  Forestry,  and  to  the 
scheme  which  had  been  submitted  to  it  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Surveyors'  Institution,  respecting  a 
national  school  of  forestry,  he  proceeded  to  deal  with 
the  present  condition  of  forestiy  in  the  larger  colonies. 
In  Canada  there  is  need  of  conservation  of  existing 
forests,  and  of  tree  planting  over  the  vast  prairie 
regions  ;  several  of  the  provincial  goverments  have 
already  moved  in  the  matter,  and  everything  now 
seems  ripe  for  the  establishment  of  a  department  of 
forest  conservancy  under  the  Dominion  Government. 
In  New  South  Wales  the  Forest  Conservancy  Branch 
is  under  the  Minister  of  Mines,  and  was  established 
in  1S77,  There  are  5,390,513  acres  of  land  set 
apart  as  timber  reserves,  equivalent  to  2.7  per 
cent,  of  the  area  of  the  colony.  The  salaries 
and  expenses  of  the  officers  of  the  conservancy 
amount  to  nearly  ^10,000  per  annum.  The  total 
expenditure  from  1S77  to  1SS4  was  ^^75,923,  the 
revenue,  .1^85,992.  Nurseries  are  being  established 
for  the  propagation  of  the  most  suitable  trees,  indi- 
genous and  foreign.  In  Victoria,  952,367  acres  of 
State  forests,  and  285,334  acres  of  timber  reserves 
are,  in  conformity  with  the  State  Forests  Conservancy 
Act,  placed  under  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
but  even  this  area  is  not  commensurate  with  the  de- 
mand for  timber  for  industrial  purposes.  In  1SS3, 
the  revenue  from  woods  and  forests  was  ;^S58o,  and 
expenditure  ;£253S.  In  South  Australia,  the  Forest 
Conservancy  is  under  the  Commissioner  of  Crown 
Lands,  and  was  established  in  1S76,  since  when  the 
revenue  has  practically  balanced  the  expenditure,  and 
upwards  of  one  and  a  half  million  trees  have  been 
added  to  the  property  of  the  Colony  at  an  actual 
cash  disbursement  of  only  about  ^  2000.  The  approxi- 
mate value  of  permanent  improvements  is  /^iI5,ooo 
The  area  devoted  to  forest  purposes  is  150,000 
acres.  In  1884  the  Conservancy  distributed  gratis 
more  than  200,000  young  trees,  at  least  half  of  which 
survived  transplantation,  and  cost  the  Colony  less 
than  \d.  each.  In  Queensland  there  are  twenty 
forest  rangers  under  the  Department  of  Public 
Lands,  with  1,572,752  acres  of  proclaimed  timber 
reserves,  and  202,575  acres  of  reserves  for  State 
forests.  One  reserve  is  used  as  a  plantation 
for  growing  seedlings  for  distribution.  In  New 
Zealand,  out  of  a  total  area  of  66,394,400  acres, 
34  million  acres  of  Crown  lands  still  remain,  of  which 
10  million  acres  are  forest.  Under  the  New  Zealand 
State  Forests  Act,  1S85,  a  Forestry  Department  has 
just  been  started,  and  is  placed  under  a  responsible 
Minister  of  the  Crown,  who  acts  as  Commissioner  of 


Stale  Forests,  The  Government  assists  planting  on 
the  part  of  landowners,  by  subsidy  or  otherwise, 
loCape  Colony,  by  an  Act  passed  in  1S76,  public 
bodies  are  allowed  half  their  expenses  in  tree 
cultivation.  There  is  a  Superintendent  of  Woods  and 
Forests,  and  conservancies  have  been  established  at 
Knysna,  King  William's  Town,  and  in  the  Western 
Division.  To  encourage  planting,  over  one  million 
trees  are  raised  annually  in  nurseries,  and  distributed 
gratis  or  at  low  rates.  It  is  believed  that  the  Crown 
Forests  would,  if  regularly  and  carefully  worked,  pro- 
duce a  revenue  of  at  least  ;/^235, 000,  the  sum  which 
leaves  the  colony  every  year  to  pay  for  imported  wood 
— for  imported  railway  sleepers  alone,  ^^83,000  was 
expended  in  1SS3,  ,^44,000  in  18S4,  on  American 
and  Swedish  timber.  In  Australia  and  Cape  Colony, 
English  forest  trees  are  being  successfully  cultivated. 
In  all  the  Colonies  the  reckless  waste  and  wanton 
destruction  of  former  days  have  given  place  to  wise 
systems  of  conservancy,  such  as  are  worthy  of  tree- 
loving  people. 

Gardening  Appointment, — Mr.  Thomas 

Townend,  lately  under  Mr.  Glen,  Wentworth 
Woodhouse,  Rotherham,  has  been  appointed  Gar- 
denertothe  Hon.  Lady  Alice  Ewing,  Coed-Derwen, 
Bettws-y-Coed,  North  Wales. 


DISEASE    OF    LARCH    AND 

PINE  SEEDLINGS. 
The  accompanying  letter,  from  Mr.  Brace,  of 
Salbris,  was  sent  to  the  Editor  with  numerous  ex- 
amples of  diseased  infant  Larch  and  Pine  plants 
which  had  just  emerged  (in  sime  instances  only  half 
emerged)  from  the  seed-coats  :  — 

"  The  few  Pine  seedlings  forwarded  to  the  Editor  of 
the  Gardeners  Chronicle  are  of  this  season's  sowing,  and 
are  attacked  by  a  virulent  form  of  fungus.  I  would  feel 
greatly  obliged  if  you  could  kindly  aid  in  identifying  the 
fungus,  and  give  me  any  information  as  to  the  cause  of  its 
appearance,  &c.  I  attribute  it  cliiefiy  to  the  unusually 
cold  and  wet  .<;eason  that  we  have  had.  It  has  been  felt 
most  severely  in  the  seeds  of  P.  Laricio,  in  which  I  have 
lost  fully  25  per  cent.;  but  it  attacks  also  P.  sylvestris 
and  P.  austriaca  as  well.  At  present  it  seems  to  be 
dying  out,  but  I  am  still  in  great  fear  of  its  breaking  out 
again.  Now  that  a  little  dry  weather  has  set  in  I  am 
about  to  try  the  effect  of  flowers  of  sulphur  out  of  a 
sulphurator,  as  the  only  remedy  that  I  can  think  of  as 
likely  to  succeed.  A  plant  that  is  visibly  attacked 
seldom  shows  signs  of  life  after  the  third  or  fourth  day. 
It  does  not  attack  transplanted  seedlings.  My  partner, 
Mr.  David  Cannon,  forwarded  samples  both  to  Paris 
and  Versailles  for  identification,  but  it  seems  to  be 
hitherto  unknown." 

Our  correspondent's  letter  speaks  for  itself,  it  cor- 
rectly describes  the  presence  of  a  virulent  fungus 
which  grows  in  the  cotyledons  and  even  in  the  radicle 
of  the  infant  plants.  The  fungus  has  perfected  itself 
and  burst  through  the  cotyledons  ;  in  some  instances 
before  the  latter  bodies  were  free  from  the  seed- 
coat. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  5,  p.  19)  shows 
at  A  one  of  the  infant  plants  with  the  disease  spots, 
natural  size.  At  n  the  junction  of  the  base  of  the 
cotyledons  with  the  radicle  is  shown,  enlarged  10 
diameters  ;  here  the  burst  condition  of  the  cotyledons 
is  clearly  seen.  At  c  portion  of  the  same  part  of  the 
attacked  plant  is  shown,  enlarged  40  diameters  ;  and  at 
D  free  spores  are  shown,  enlarged  400'diameters.  The 
action  of  the  fungus  is  to  completely  exhaust  and 
drain  the  cotyledons,  and  leave  them  in  a  condi- 
tion like  tinder.  The  diseased  seedlings  of  course 
all  die. 

The  fungus  on  the  Latch  seedlings  is  Cseoma 
laricis  ;  that  on  the  Corsican  Pine,  C.  pinitorquum 
the  Silver  Fir  is  attacked  by  C.  Abietis  pectinatse. 
All  three  species  are  closely  allied,  and  the  disease 
spots  to  the  unaided  eye  look  like  minute  "red-rust ' 
patches. 

Mr.  Brace's  letter  is  of  great  importance,  as  it  adds 
one  more  instance  to  the  many  brought  forward  by 
me  of  parasitic  diseases  being  hereditary  in  plants,  or, 
in  other  words,  of  the  germs  of  the  disease  being 
present  in  the  seeds,  and  so  reproducing  the  disease 
in  the  seedling.  In  bad  cases  the  seedlings  die,  in 
mild  cases  {i.c.^  where  the  seeds  are  slightly  diseased) 
a  diseased  progeny  is  the  result.  The  fungus  in  this 
instance  must  have  existed  in  the  seeds  before  they 
were  planted,  or  the  quite  perfect  fungus  could  not 
have  thus  effectually  destroyed  them  almost  at  the 
moment  of  germination.  Wort/nu^tcn  G.  Smi/A, 
DunstabUt 


Jt'LV  3,   iSS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


19 


PEACH -WALL  TREE  COVERS 
AND  THEIR  MANAGEMENT  UN- 
HEATED. 

Owing  to  the  pattui  failure  of  the  Peach  crop  on 
walls  of  1S79  and  previous  years,  I  obtained  the  con- 
sent of  my  employer  to  have  erected  one  of  the 
above  structures.  I  consulted  Mr.  Hope,  of  55,  Lionel 
Street,  Birmingham,  our  horticultural  builder,  «ho 
submitted  a  plan  and  estimate  fur  the  same,  which 
were  highly  satislactory,  and  were  accepted.  I  give 
the  end  elevations  of  the  structure  to  show  the  ven- 
tilation, which  I  consider  so  necessary  (see  fig.  6). 
The  total  length  is  140  feet,  and  5  feet  wide  ;  it  is 
constructed  of  red  deal,  and  glazed  with  21-oz.  glass; 
the  front  wall  is  arched,  so  that  the  trees  have  pleiiiy 
of  root-room.  It  is  provided  with  ample  ventilation, 
as  all  the  lights  open  both  top  and  front,  the  means  of 
ventilation  being  of  the  most  approved  system  of 
shifting  levers  and  screws.  The  back  wall  is  wired, 
and  planted  with  Hale's  Early,  Royal  George,  and 
Walburton  Admirable  Peaches  j  Lord  Napier,  EIruge, 
and  Pitmaston  Orange  Nectarines.  The  whole 
length  of  front  is  planted  with  May  Duke  Cherries, 
trained  as  cordons,  on  four  wires  running  the 
length  of  the  house,  I  had  another  of  these  most 
most  useful  structures  erected  in  January,  1SS4,  of 
which  I  give  a  section  to  show  the  means  of  venti- 
lation (see  fig.  7).  This  is  upright,  the  same  width 
as  the  other,  and  96  feet  in  length.  This  is  also 
well  provided  for  in  the  way  of  ventilation  by 
the  same  means  as  the  other,  with  this  e.\cep- 
tioD,  that  a  portion  of  the  front  lights  are 
fixtures.  The  back  wall  of  this  is  planted  with 
a  bee,  Prince  of  Wales,  Walburton  Admirable,  and 
Lord  Palmerston  Peaches,  Pitmiston  Orange,  Prince 
of  Wales,  Humboldt,  and  EIruge  Nectarines.  The 
front  of  this  I  use  for  growing  a  large  qu.Tntily  of 
Tomatos  in  pots.  I  have  given  a  full  description  of 
both  these  tree  bowers,  as  I  have  no  choice  between 
them,  the  one  being  equally  as  good  as  the  other  for 
the  purpose  they  are  intended  for. 

Now  a  few  words  as  to  their  management.  After 
the  pruning,  tying  in  of  the  trees,  and  whatever  other 
work  is  required  to  be  done,  I  always  keep 
the  ventilatiors  open  day  and  night,  so  as  to  keep 
the  trees  as  backward  as  possible,  and  do  not  close 
them  till  the  bloom  can  no  longer  be  kept 
back,  I  give  the  borders  a  good  soaking  of 
water  before  the  trees  come  into  bloom,  and 
afterwards  keep  them  thoroughly  dry  till  the  fruit  is 
all  set.  By  doing  this  a  good  crop  of  fruit  can 
always  be  obtained  from  these  structures.  The 
apparent  loss  of  time  in  the  early  part  of  the  season 
can  be  made  up  by  early  closing  after  the  fruit  is  all 
set,  and  so  help  them  forward  in  this  way.  I  always 
find  the  fruit  from  these  structures  of  large  size, 
beautiful  in  colour,  and  of  the  highest  flavour,  and 
are  much  appreciated,  and  they  can  be  either  for- 
warded or  retarded  accordmg  to  requirements.  The 
supply  with  us  from  other  he.ated  Peach-houses  and 
these  structures  generally  continues  from  the  first  or 
second  week  in  May  till  the  end  of  October.  I 
should  say  that  the  kitchen  garden  here  lies  very 
high,  therefore  exposed,  and  all  crops  are  very  late 
in  consequence.  I  need  not  enter  into  further  detail 
of  their  after  management  throughout  the  season  a^ 
it  is  precisely  the  same  as  other  Peach-houses,  but 
the  few  remarks  I  have  made  I  find  in  practice  of  the 
utmost  importance  till  after  the  fruit  is  set,  and  for 
a  permanent  structure  I  can  highly  recommend  either 
of  these  kinds  of  Peaeh  wall  tree  covers.  Edward 
Ward,  Hcwell  Gardens,  Bronisgrovt. 


Home   j;!of(F{E3Pondence. 


Liliums. — A  week  ago,  after  a  month's  absence 
in  Scotland,  I  looked  over  our  Lilies.  My  friend, 
Mr.  M'lntosh,  many  years  ago  established  the  fact, 
that  whatever  the  season  may  be,  L.  auratum  and  a 
good  many  other  species  will  bloom  year  after  year 
if  planted  among  healthy  Rhododendrons,  the  reason, 
I  believe,  being  that  the  Rhododendron  leaves  shelter 
the  young  shoots  from  April  and  May  frosts,  and 
from  what  is  still  more  dangerous,  bright  sunshine 
after  them.  Whjn  gardeners  speak  to  me  about 
difficulties  with  Lilies,  I  recommend  them  to  keep  to 
this  safe  ground,  that  is,  when  not  many  dozen  plants 
are  required.  But  as  our  experiments  have  for  years 
past  been  in  the  direction  of  growing  Lilies  more  in 
masses,   and   as  this  has  been   an  unusually   trying 


season,  I  think  that  you  may  like  to  have  some  of  the 
results  we  have  arrived  at.  Having  acquired  a  strip 
of  wood  at  our  cottage  garden  near  here,  we,  three 
years  ago,  dug  out  the  soil  for  some  large  beds  about 
5  feet  deep,  made  a  sheltering  bank  of  the  natural 
soil,  filled  up  the  holes  with  good  Lily  soil,  and 
planted  a  number  of  L.  auratum  bulbs.  These  were 
successful :  therefore  the  following  year  we  made 
more  similar  beds  and  planted  them  with  L.  auratum, 
L.  speciosum,  L.  tigrinum,  L.  elegans,  L.  Kraraeri, 
L.  Batemani,  and  L.  longiflorum.  These  prosper- 
ing, we  last  year  made  another  large  bed,  and 
planted  it  with  L.  auratum.  In  all  these  beds  the 
Lilies,  with  the  exception  of  L.  longiflorum,  look  as 
healthy  as  if  they  had  had  the  advantage  of  Rhodo- 
dendron shelter.  There  is  no  protection  overhead, 
but  the  surrounding  wood  was  thick  enough  to 
protect  the  plants  from  the  bright  sunshine  in  May 
which  follow  the  night  frosts.  At  Oakwood,  Wisby, 
two  beds — in  which  L.  auratum  had  come  up  con- 
stantly stronger,  in  one  since  iSSi,  the  other  since 
18S2— have  a  good  many  Lilies  damaged.  Some 
L   cordifolium,  which  had   fine  strong  shoots  at  the 


Fig.  5.— disease  of  larch  and  i 


beginning  of  May,  were  killed  to  the  ground,  while 
L.'giganteum,justoppositethem,  had  the  leaves,  which 
were  then  developed  frosted,  and  looked  bad  ;  they 
have,  however,  thrown  up  their  flower-spikes,  and 
hardly  show  where  they  were  damaged:  I  think  it  may 
be  taken  as  a  fact  from  our  experience  of  over  a  good 
many  years,  that  L.  cordifolium,  unless  planted  where 
evergreens  will  protect  it  from  sun  after  spring  frosts, 
requires  the  protection  of  Fir  boughs  or  similar 
shading.  I  had  an  instance  of  the  efticacy  of  light 
protection  in  the  case  of  two  lots  of  Valotta  purpurea 
planted  near  the  water's  edge.  Over  these  we  placed 
common  wicker  coops  with  bracken  interlaced. 
Most  of  the  bulbs  are  all  right.  A  wren  made  her 
nest  in  the  Fern  of  one  of  the  coops,  and  brought  up 
her  young.  Even  some  of  the  North  American 
Lilies,  pardalinums,  &c.,  have  some  shoots  frosted, 
though  in  some  beds  these  Lilies  are  untouched.  In 
the  narrow  field  of  L.  auratum,  where  the  protecting 
cut  furze  fences  are  not  high,  thus  giving  but  little  pro- 
tection from  weather,  most  of  the  Lilies  seem  to  have 
done  better  than  where  they  had  more,  though  in- 
sufficient shelter.  For  some  years  past  the  winters 
have  not  been  severe  enough  to  try  Lilies  fairly,  bu* 
I  think  last  winter  may  be  taken  as  above  an  average 
one  as  a  test.     If  you  care  to  have  them  I  hope  to 


send  a  few  further  notes  when  more  of  the  Lilies  have 
flowered.  [We  do  care.]  We  planted  L,  tenuilolium 
in  all  sorts  of  roils  and  situations.  It  has  bloomed  on 
all  through  with  different  strength  ;  it  will  require 
another  year  in  the  ground  before  the  best  treatment 
can  be  ascertained.  I  will  close  this  note  by  saying 
that  a  few  days  back  I  saw  a  stem  of  L.  Krameri  in 
one  of  Mr.  M'Intosh's  Rhododendron  beds  with  nine 
flower  buds.  It  may  be  remembered  that  when  this 
Lily  was  introduced  it  was  considered  one-flowered  ; 
I  ventured  to  predict  that  as  it  strengthened  it  would 
have  more  flowers,  but  no  one  ever  dreamed  of  nine. 
George  F.  Wilson. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Certificates.— 
In  the  interest  of  gardening  I  am  always  ready  to 
protest  when  a  well-known  plant  receives  a  First-class 
Certificate  under  a  new  name.  Such  is  the  case  with 
the  plant  lately  certificated  as  Pioronicum  Dray- 
tonense.  This  plant  was  described  and  figured  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  on  the  authority  of  one  of  the 
staff  at  Kew,  about  three  years  ago,  by  the  name 
Doronicum  plantagineum  var.  excelsum.  Before  and 
since  that  time  it  has  been  largely  distributed  under 
the  name  of  "  Harpur  Crewe."  It  is  supposed  to  have 
appeared  as  a  spontaneous  seedling  in  that  gentle- 
man's garden  about  ten  years  ago  ;  and  in  accordance 
with  the  rule  proposed  by  some  influential  members 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  that  garden  varie- 
ties should  be  called  by  fancy  names,  has  generally 
been  called  in  gardens  "  Harpur  Crewe."  If,  ho»v- 
ever,  it  is  to  have  a  Latin  varietal  name,  the  name 
given  to  it  at  Kew  ought  to  have   the    preference. 

C.  Wolky  Dod,  [A  good  figure  was  given  in  our 
pages,  September  S,  1SS3,  and  a  description  at  p.  230 
of  the  same  volume.  Under  these  circumstances,  by 
the  action  of  the  law  of  priority,  it  should  be  called 

D.  plantagineum  var.  excelsum,  and  the  name  Dray- 
tonense  suppressed.  Ed.] 

Protea  cynaroides.— This  is  the  most  remarkable 
of  all  the  species  for  the  size  of  its  flowers,  which  are 
almost  as  broad  as  the  crown  of  a  man's  hat,  though 
the  stem  is  often  not  more  than  a  foot  high  ;  their 
colour  is  a  pale  pink,  found  on  flats  and  on  top  of 
Table  Mountain.  There  are  plants  at  Kew  from  seed 
collected  by  Miss  North  in  1S83.  It  is  stated  that  Mr. 
Hubbard  grew  his  plant  in  a  cold  north  greenhouse. 
W.  ]Valson. 

Schizopetalum  Walkeri. — A  few  days  ago  we 
came  upon  a  single  specimen  of  this  plant  in  flower 
growing  under  a  Peach  wall  (outside)  with  a  southern 
aspect,  and  among  a  lot  of  young  Cabbage  plants 
and  weeds.  Would  you  kindly  say  in  the  journal 
whether  the  plant  has  become  lately  more  naturalised 
in  this  country,  or  whether  it  is  of  rare  occurrence. 
I  presume  the  seed  comes  over  with  Wheat  from 
Chili.  We  have  always  had  a  good  deal  of  Claytonia 
perfoliata  in  this  garden  for  the  last  fifty  years.  S. 
Walkeri  has  never  been  seen  before.  "Liverpool," 
[We  have  never  heard  of  this  plant  becoming 
naturalised.  Ee.] 

Tulips  late  in  Flowering.— How  unusually  late 
the  florists'  Tulips  have  been  in  flowering  this  season 
is  shown  from  the  fact  that  Mr.  S.  Barlow,  J. P., 
writing  from  Stakehill  House,  on  June  21,  writes  : 
"  During  all  my  experience  of  thirty-seven  years  at 
this  late  locality  I  have  never  seen  a  Tulip  so  late 
in  the  season  as  June  20  before  this  year,  and  to-day, 
June  21,  I  am  sending  off  several  boxes  to  my  friends 
of  good,  late,  sound  Tulips."  One  of  these  reached 
me  by  parcel  post,  containing  some  two  dozen  fine 
fresh  flowers — bizarres,  roses,  and  byblcemens,  with 
some  charming  breeders,  and  they  look  as  if  they 
will  keep  in  water  in  a  cool  place  for  several  days  to 
come.  R.  D. 

Ferns. — I  have  this  week  had  the  pleasure  of 
examining  a  very  beautiful  variety  of  Adiantum 
gracillimum.  It  was  a  seedling  in  the  collection  of 
Mr.  E.  Moorhouse,  gardener  to  Mr.  G.  H.  Nelson, 
The  Lawn,  Warwick.  It  is  even  more  delicate  and 
graceful  than  its  parent.  The  ribs  are  perfectly  black, 
while  the  frond  is  a  charming  light  green — so  ex- 
quisits  that  no  one  could  fail  to  be  struck  by  its 
beauty.  In  the  same  greenhouse  I  noticed  a  large 
number  of  Adiantum  pellucidum,  which  has  the 
peculiarity  of  being  scented.  It  was  growing  very 
freely,  although  I  understand  it  is  somewhat  scarce. 
Lloyd  Evans,  IVarioiek, 

Gloxinias. — I  am  not  in  the  least  surprised  at  th  e 
information  given  concerning  these  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Chronicle,  at  p.  798,  by  Mr.  Lloyd  Evans.  There 
were  many  plants  of  Mr.  Alan  Bone's  "remarkable 
hundred,"  which  had  considerably  more  blooms  than 
the  average  number  I  specified,  especially  had  I  con- 
sidered the  flowers  which  were  coming  open.  During 
the  past  week  I  have  inspected  the  gardens  of  Sir 
George  Stucley,  Bart.,  at  Bideford,  and  amongst  the 
many  beautiful  subjects  to  be  found  there  is  an  ex- 
tensive collection  of  Gloxinias  which  averaged  quite 


20 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


QuLY  3,  i886. 


fifty  flowers  per  specimen.  We  have  indeed  arrived 
at  a  high  standard  of  excellence  in  gardening,  and  it 
is  gratifying  to  chronicle  such  meritorious  handiwork 
as  this.    W.  Napper. 


THE  ORCHID  CONFERENCE 

AT  LIVERPOOL. 
This  gathering,  excited  much  interest  among  those 
present.  Manyof  the  Council  were  present,  including 
several  growers  and  many  versed  in  the  general  prin- 
ciples of  nomenclature,  and  engaged  in  their  applica- 
tion. Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  the  President  of  the 
Society,  occupied  the  chair,  and  cleared  the  ground 
by  defining  the  limitations  of  the  subject  and  the  ob- 
.jects  to  be  attained.  He  regretted  the  unavoidable 
absence  of  Piof.  Reicbenbach  on  an  occasion  of  this 
kind.  On  resuming  his  seat,  the  Chairman  called 
upon  Mr.  Ridley,  of  the  Botanical  Department,  British 
Museum,  to  introduce  the  subject  of  the  nomen- 
clature of  orchids,  which  he  did  in  the  following 
terms  : — 

Mr.  Ridley  :— I  do  not  think  that  there  can  be 
any  doubt  but  that  the  state  of  the  nomenclature  of 
Orchids  at  the  present  day  leaves  much  to  be  desired  in 
the  way  of  simplification.  The  immense  size  of  the 
order,  numbering  upwards  of  5000  recorded  species, 
the  intricacy  of  the  synonymy  and  the  rapidity  with 
which  the  number  of  known  species  has  been  in- 
creasing during  the  last  few  years,  accounts  for  this  in 
great  measure.  It  has  been  almost  impossible  for  our 
orchidologists,  few  as  they  have  been,  to  arrange  or  sys- 
tematise to  any  extent,  the  species  of  any  of  the  larger 
genera  in  an  accessible  form,  on  account  of  the  very 
constant  and  rapid  accessions  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
species.  The  result  of  this  is  that  everyyear  the  difficul- 
ties increase,  and  seem  likely  to  do  so  until  some 
botanist  shall  arise  who  will  devote  himself  to  the 
humble  but  important  task  of  sweeping  up  the  scattered 
works  of  past  generations,  and  sorting  and  arranging 
them  in  a  simple  and  easily  consultable  form. 

The  whole  group  of  Orchids  may  be  roughly 
divided  into  non-cultural  and  cultural  species.  By 
the  former  I  mean  plants  which,  though  interesting 
in  themselves,  are  not  considered  worthy  of  culture, 
and  which  are,  therefore,  chiefly  known  from 
herbarium  specimens.  These,  as  a  rule,  present 
no  difficulty  to  a  systematist,  owing  to  their  smaller 
amount  of  synonymy  and  usually  more  careful  de- 
scriptions, as  well  as  to  the  fact  that  typical  specimens 
are  almost  always  to  be  found  in  one  or  the  other  of 
our  great  herbaria,  which  is  not  always  the  case  in  the 
matter  of  the  showier  plants  ;  sometimes  however  a 
few  of  them  half  accidentally  find  their  way  now  and 
again  into  the  houses  of  our  cultivators,  often  at 
considerable  intervals  of  time,  and,  alas  I  are  not  un- 
frequently  saluted  by  a  new  name  on  each  occasion. 
These  give  a  good  deal  of  trouble,  as  they  are  very 
soon  expelled  to  make  room  for  more  showy  plants, 
and  are  often,  especially  in  the  older  works,  ill 
described,  rarely  figured,  and  not  preserved  as  her- 
barium specimens.  What  wonder,  then,  that  errors  fre- 
quently occur  in  such  cases  ? 

But  it  is  specially  with  cultural  Orchids  that  we 
have  to  deal  to-day,  and  these  are  burdened  with 
a  synonymy  that  certainly  requires  lightening. 
Horticulturists'  favourites  may  be  divided  into  two 
sections— one  in  which  the  species  do  not  vary'to  any 
extent  under  cultivation,  so  that  he  who  desires 
novelties  must  seek  for  new  species;  and  another 
group  in  which  one  or  a  few  species  of  a  genus  are  so 
manipulated  and  selected,  that  an  endless  variety  of 
so-called  species  is  the  result.  Among  the  former 
class,  I  should  include  such  genera  as  Dendrobium 
and  Ccelogyne.  Of  these  most  of  the  specific  names 
found  in  garden  catalogues  really  represent  more  or 
less  distinct  species,  or  at  the  worst,  well-marked 
varieties.  The  other  section  is  best  represented  by 
the  Cattleyas.  The  number  of  species  belonging  to 
this  genus  is  by  no  means  large.  Mr.  Bentham 
in  the  Genera  Plantanim  computes  them  at  about 
twenty  species,  and  I  think  he  is  rather  over 
than  under  the  mark.  The  names,  however,  in 
garden  books  are  simply  legion,  nearly  all  of  which 
represent  mere  forms  of  Cattleya  labiata,  but  which 
are  treated  as  of  equivalent  value  to  genuine  species 
such  as  C.  citrina,  C.  Forbesii,  &c.  Some  distinc- 
tion should  be  made  between  these  forms  and  the 
distinct  species,  and  it  could  easily  be  done  by  giving 
fancy  names  to  the  former,and  abolishing  their  classical 
names.     To  show  the  exceedingly  inconvenient  results 


of  naming  these  forms  in  Latin  a  language  which  is  not 
too  well  provided  with  suitable  adjectives  for  plants  at 
the  best  I  may  cite  the  following  names  from  a  recent 
salecatalogue: — Cattleya  Mossire  superba,  C.  Mendelii 
superba,  C.  Trianse  superba,  C.  Trianx  rosea  superba, 
C.  Eldorado  superba  ;  C.  Gaskelliana  superba,  all  of 
which  are  varieties  of  C.  labiata,  and  quite  distinct 
from  the  well-known  species  Cattleya  superba.  All 
cultural  forms  of  this  nature  then  should  be  treated 
as  Auriculas,  Roses  and  Tulips  have  been  for  many 
years,  and  designated  when  requisite  by  fancy  names, 
in  any  language  but  a  classical  one.  The  chief  species 
to  which  this  applies  are  Cattleya  labiata,  Masdevallia 
Lindenii,  Odontoglossum  crispum  and  Pescatorei, 
Lycaste  Skinneri,  Cypripedium  iosigne  and  barbatum  ; 
but  there  are  numerous  other  species,  of  which  two 
or  three  cultural  forms  have  received  classical  names 
instead  of  the  more  suitable  fancy  names. 

This  does  not  do  away  with  the  naming  of  real 
varieties,  that  is  with  forms  of  plants  which  have 
certain  distinguishing  characteristics,  which  remain 
tolerably  constant. 

I  take  as  an  example  of  the  kind  of  revision 
required  the  names  of  varieties  of  Ccelogyne  cris- 
tata  which .  I  find  in  a  recent  garden  catalogue. 
They  are  :— Ccelogyne  cristata,  C.  c,  Chatsworth 
variety ;  C.  c.  hololeuca,  C.  c.  Lemoniana,  and  C.  c. 
maxima. 

Now  of  these  there  is  only  one  objectionable  one 
and  that  is  the  last,  C.  c.  maxima,  for  on  hunting  up 
the  original  description  I  find  that  its  simple  charac- 
teristics are  that  it  is  a  little  bigger  than  other  forms. 
Now  apart  from  the  fact  that  the  size  of  the  flowers 
is  probably  due  simply  to  an  extra  supply  of  nourish- 
ment, and  would  most  likely  diminish  in  the  same 
plant  again  under  unfavourable  conditions,  the  mere 
size  of  the  flowers  is  quite  insufficient  to  distinguish 
one  plant  from  another,  unless  there  is  enough 
ditTerence  to  be  stated  in  figures.  Thus  it  might  be 
10  inches  across  instead  of  3.  This  plant  probably 
was  not  worthy  of  a  name  at  all,  but  if  it  was  it  should 
have  been  a  fancy  name. 

The  remaining  names  speak  for  themselves ;  and  C. 
cristata  hololeuca  is  distinct  as  a  colour  variety  in 
the  absence  of  the  yellow  patch  on  the  lip,  C.  c. 
Lemoniana,  again  (though  the  error  made  by  its 
original  namer  in  imagining  that  Lemoniana  meant 
lemon-coloured  may  call  up  a  laugh  at  his  expense),  is 
equally  unobjectionable. 

In  naming  a  new  variety,  therefore,  the  namer 
should  think  first  whether  he  can  specify  in  a  few 
words  the  cause  of  distinctness  in  the  variety — thus, 
Ccelogyne  cristata  alba,  lip  entirely  white.  If  not, 
and  the  difference  is  really  so  slight  that  words  will 
not  clearly  convey  it,  as  in  many,  I  might  also  say 
most  of  the  innumerable  varieties  of  Cattleya  labiata, 
the  name  given  should  be  a  fancy  name.  Pro- 
fessor Michael  Foster,  in  a  recent  article  on  Iris 
cengialti  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  points 
out  that  it  is  not  of  importance  whether  a 
variety  of  this  value  first  appears  in  a  garden, 
or  in  the  native  haunt  of  the  typical  plant ;  but 
where  one  plant  varies  so  slightly  from  another  as  not 
to  deserve  a  [Latin]  variatal  name,  and  yet  requires 
some  title,  it  should  bear  a  fancy  name.  These  slight 
modifications,  in  fact,  are  not  strictly  varieties  at  all, 
but  forms,  and  one  can,  if  requisite,  break  them  up 
still  lower,  into  sub-forms,  so  that  a  species  may  be 
divided,  if  necessary,  into  sub-species,  variety,  sub- 
variety,  form  and  sub-form.  As  an  example,  Cattleya 
labiata  is  a  species,  C.  labiata  Triance  a  variety,  C. 
labiata  Trianse  alba,  a  sub-variety,  and  anything 
lower  would  be  a  form.  Now  it  seems  to  me  that  it 
would  be  most  advantageous  to  give  all  forms  of  the 
plant,  from  sub-varieties  downwards,  fancy  names. 

It  is  often  suggested  to  make  the  names  of  plants  in 
some  measure  descriptive,  but  when  put  into  practice 
this  is  frequently  found  to  be  unworkable.  Still  the 
namer  of  any  plant  should  do  his  best  to  make  the 
name  expressive  of  something  connected  therewith,  as 
for  instance  the  discoverer,  or  the  place  of  discovery,  or 
the  colour.  Quintinye,  in  his  Instructions  pour  ks 
tardins,  dated  1697,  suggests,  in  treating  of  the 
names  of  Pinks,  that  the  fancy  names  should  denote 
the  colours  of  the  flowers.  Thus  he  would  call  a  grey 
and  purple  kind,  the  Grand  Provincial,  or  the  Grave 
Philosopher,  or  General  Peter,  the  initial  letter  giving 
the  initials  of  the  colours  in  the  flower.  The  difficulty 
of  such  a  plan  lies  in  the  fact  that  namers  never  will 
conform  to  anything  of  the  kind. 

Another  very  important  necessity  is  that  of  regu- 
lating the  nomenclature  of  hybrids.     They  are  usually 


treated  as  species,  and  receive  classical  names  in  no 
way  denoting  their  origin.  In  wild  hybrids  this  is  in 
a  measure  excusable,  as  it  is  frequently  very  difficult 
to  discover,  on  finding  a  plant  intermediate  between 
two  species,  whether  it  is  a  connecting  link  or  a 
natural  hybrid,  but  in  garden  hybrids,  the  parents 
of  which  are  known,  it  is  much  to  be  deprecated. 
Certain  names,  it  is  true,  denote  the  garden  origin  of 
the  plants,  such  as  Cattleya  exoniensis  x  ,  and  who 
would  doubt  that  Cypripedium  Sedeni  x  was  anything 
but  a  cultural  hybrid.  The  usual  way  in  scientific 
works  of  denoting  a  hybrid  is  by  compounding 
the  name,  as  Carex  axillari-remota. 

This  may  be  shortened  by  cutting  off  portions  of  the 
two  words  and  making  a  compacter  name,  but  the  only 
instance  I  can  recall  of  this  method  is  that  of  Fhilageria, 
a  name  invented  by  Dr.  Masters  for  a  hybrid  between 
the  two  genera  Lapageria  and  Philesia.  This  plan 
it  seems  to  me  should  be  always  adopted  in  the  case 
of  hybrids  between  two  genera.  In  some  cases  it 
would  certainly  be  rather  difficult  to  get  a  neat  name 
compounded  out  of  the  two,  but  such  names  as  Cat- 
Irelia  and  Sophro-cattleya  are  not  worse  than  many 
generic  names,  such  as  Cienkowskia,  Warscwiczella 
&c.,  with  which  we  have  to  deal.  So  confused  is  the 
present  nomenclature  of  these  generic  hybrids  that  we 
have  known  plants  of  which  the  parentage  Is  mainly 
Cattleya  called  Lselias,  as  for  instance,  Lselia  Domi- 
niana  rosea.  This  is  stated  to  have  been  raised  from 
Cattleya  exoniensis  itself  crossed  with  C.  Dowiana ;  C. 
exoniensis  being  a  hybrid  between  C.  Mossise  and 
L.-elia  purpurata ;  so  that  there  is  actually  only 
quarter  blood  of  Lselia  in  the  plant,  and  yet  it  is 
called  a  Lxlia. 

With  respect  to  hybrids  between  species,  the  matter 
is  more  difficult,  for  though  compounded  names  are 
possible  in  some  cases  they  are  not  so  in  others,  owing 
to  the  length  and  unwieldiness  of  some  of  the  specific 
names.  Where  practicable  they  may  be  used,  but  in 
all  cases  where  it  is  certain  that  the  plant  is  a  hybrid,  a 
cross  (x)  should  be  always  put  after  the  name  whenever 
printed.  Where  the  same  parents  produce  different 
forms,  a  fancy  name  could  be  added  to  the  com- 
pounded name  to  distinguish  them. 

The  Discussion. 

Dr.  Masters,  while  assenting  in  the  main  to  Mr. 
Ridley's  observations,  took  occasion  to  protest  against 
the  idea  which  is  entertained  in  some  quarters,  that  there 
is  any  difference  in  principle  between  the  nomenclature  of 
Orchids  and  that  of  any  other  family  of  plants.  He  con- 
sidered that  the  existing  confusion  depended  in  great 
measure  upon  people  not  minding  their  own  business. 
The  principles  of  botanical  nomenclature  are  well  known 
and  recognised  by  botanists,  and  more  or  less  well  acted 
up  to.  Botanists,  like  other  people,  did  not  always  act 
fully  up  to  their  own  principles.  Moreover,  they  made 
as  many  mistakes  as  other  people,  but  there  was  this 
difference  between  the  system  employed  by  botanists  and 
the  no-system  followed  by  horticulturists — that  botanical 
mistakes  could  always  be  rectified,  because  the  system  of 
publication  and  registration  allowed  of  easy  reference 
for  purposes  of  future  confirmation  or  correction  as 
might  be  required,  while  at  present  nothing  of  the  kind 
existed  for  garden  names  proper.  He  cordially  acknow- 
ledged the  right  of  horticulturists  to  name  their  plants  as 
they  pleased,  subject  to  the  reservation  that  they  should 
not  create  confusion  by  adopting  an  imitation  of  the 
technical  language  used  by  botanists.  By  the  un- 
authorised use  of  Latin  and  Greek  names,  formed  on 
the  plan  adopted  by  botanists,  and  by  the  want  of  any 
authoritative  system  of  publication  and  registration, 
growers  were  in  a  large  measure  responsible  for  the 
confusion  of  which  they  now  complained.  Dr.  Masters 
pointed  out  that  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
had  laid  down  rules  for  the  guidance  of  horticulturists, 
but  these  rules  had  been  allowed  to  fall  into  abey- 
ance, and  were  more  honoured  in  the  breach  than 
in  the  observance,  even  by  the  committees.  For 
purely  garden  purposes  he  advocated  the  use  of  fancy 
names  if  possible  in  English,  but  in  any  case  so  con- 
structed as  to  prevent  any  possible  inference  that  the 
plant  had  been  examined  and  named  by  competent 
botanical  authority.  The  Society  should  refuse  to  recog- 
nise any  botanical  name  till  the  plant  had  been  identi- 
fied by  some  competent  authority.  In  the  same  manner 
he  thought  that  the  Committees  should  decline  to  adopt 
any  fancy  name  for  plants  brought  under  their  notice 
until  the  committee  were  satisfied,  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  experts  that  the  plant  was  deserving 
a  separate  name  and  that  it  was  really  distinct  enough 
from  any  existing  variation  to  deserve  a  special  appella- 
tion. A  register  should  be  kept  and  published  from  time 
to  time  of  all  names  and  if  necessary  a  provisional  name 
given  (English),  to  be  replaced  ultimately  by  a  permanent 
name  if  the  provisional  name  should  turn  out  on  exami- 
nation to  be  incorrect  or  inadequate. 

Mr.  Enoch  Harvey  assented  to  Dr.  Masters'  pro- 
posals, and  urged  the  Society  to  institute  a  committee- 
or  some  competent  person  to  form  a  collection  of  draw- 
ings and  dried  specimens  authoritatively  named,  and 
which  might  be  consulted  for  purposes  of  reference  when 
needed. 

[This  plan,  it  may  be  said,  parenthetically,  is  followed 
in  our  herbaria  at  Kew  and  the  British  Museum, whilePro 
fessor  Reichenbach's  unrivalled  collection  enables  him  to 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


21 


supply  the  requirements  of  the  horticulturists  from  a 
purely  botanical  point  of  view.] 

Mr.  Shirley  Hibberd  alluded  to  the  commercial 
side  of  the  question,  and  humorously  pointed  out  how 
Mr.  Blank,  having  an  Orchid  with  a  spot  in  one  corner 
of  a  petal,  gave  the  plant  a  name,  and  forthwith  sold  it 
without  the  least  further  care  or  thought.  He  received 
the  price  of  his  plant,  and  there  was  an  end  of  the 
matter.  For  the  rest  the  speaker  advocated  the  "  kick- 
ing out  of  the  names  of  all  garden  varieties. " 

Mr.  GoLDRING  criticised  some  of  Mr.  Ridley*s  state- 
ments, and  differed  in  opinion  a£  to  the  degree  of  value 
to  be  placed  on  certain  forms  of  Orchids  which  he  con- 
sidered of  higher  rank  than  Mr.  Ridley  seemed  to  do. 
[Such  questions  of  differences  of  appreciation  of  relative 
rank  are  unavoidable.]  Mr.  Goldring  also  objected  to 
the  statement  that  the  form  of  the  pseudobulb  could  be 
altered  by  cultivation,  as  Mr.  Ridley  appeared  to  infer 
in  the  case  of  certain  species. 

Mr.  Ridley  defended  his  propositions  by  adducing 
several  instances,  in  which  he  was  confirmed  by  Mr. 
Harvey  and  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence.  Mr.  Ridley  also 
raade  an  appeal  to  Orchid  growers  to  furnish  him 
with  adequate  specimens  for  determination.  The  speci- 
mens would  be  preserved  for  reference  in  the  museum. 

Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  expressed  his  willingness  to 
supply  specimens  both  to  Professor  Reichenbach  and 
Mr.  Ridley,  and  advised  his  fellow-orchidists  to  do  the 
same  as  opportunity  allowed.  [Speakmg  for  ourselves, 
we  are  pleased  to  acknowledge  gratefully  the  assistance 
we  receive  from  growers  in  these  particulars.] 

Professor  Michael  Foster  agreed  with  many  of  the 
observations  of  Dr.  Masters,  and  urged  the  desirability 
as  far  as  possible  of  making  the  naiiie  in  some  way  or 
another  descriptive,  so  that  the  nature  or  history  of  the 
plant  might  in  some  degree  be  embalmed  in  the  name. 
Names  for  hybrids,  he  suggested,  should  be  made  to  end 
in  a  consonant  ;  thus,  if  Dr.  Masters'  genus  Philageria  x 
had  been  named  Philager,  its  hybrid  character  {between 
Lapageria  and  Philesia)  would  have  been  indicated. 
Professor  Foster  also  advocated  the  establishment  of  a 
collection  of  drawings  and  specimens  for  reference. 

Mr.  Lynch  also  advocated  the  formation  of  such  a 
collection,  and  the  appointment  of  a  horticultural 
botanist,  whose  special  duly  it  should  be  to  keep  the 
collection  in  order,  and  to  take  charge  of  the  questions  of 
nomenclature  generally.  He  further  suggested  that  a 
petition  should  be  forwarded  to  Professor  Reichenbach 
to  draw  up  a  general  summary  of  his  life's  work  ! 

Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  in  summing  up  the  discus- 
sion, alluded  to  the  desirability  of  botanists  affording  for 
the  benefit  of  those  not  versed  in  the  dead  languages  an 
explanation  of  the  meaning  of  the  names  they  employed. 

Thus  ended  the  Conference,  which  proved  a  bright 
and  interesting  meeting,  and  in  which,  from  the  brief 
summary  we  are  only  able  to  give,  it  will  be  seen  that 
some  practical  suggestions  were  thrown  out. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S 

PROVINCIAL  SHOW,  LIVERPOOL; 

June  29  to  July  5. 

We  may  with  safety  endorse  the  general  opinion  of 
that  part  of  the  horticultural  world  which  has  been 
enabled  to  attend  this  meeting  of  the  Royal  Hoiti- 
cultural  Society  at  Liverpool,  that  the  meeting  has 
been  a  thoroughly  successful  gathering  in  the  horti- 
cultural sense — financially  it  is  yet  too  premature  to 
prophecy.  The  weather,  which  after  all  tells  most 
for  or  against  these  out-of-doors  diversions  of  mankind, 
is  now  at  the  moment  all-propitious,  and  so  far 
influenced  the  attendance  as  to  bring  great  numbers 
of  interested  visitors  on  the  opening  day.  We  must 
hope  for  a  continuance  of  fine  weather,  and  then  the 
financial  success  should  likewise  be  assured.  It 
speaks  volumes  of  the  power  latent  in  the  old  Society 
that  it  has  found  sufficient  support  from  the  gardeners 
and  their  generous  employers,  and  the  municipality 
of  Liverpool,  to  inaugurate  what  must  be  called  a 
*'  great  show." 

Flowering  plants  were  in  abundance,  taking  into 
consideration  the  lateness  of  the  season  for  the  best 
things.  Crotons  were  shown  in  better  form  ;  our  old 
acquaintances  in  foliage  plants,  which  meet  us  at 
every  big  gathering,  were  in  excellent  health  and 
vigour.  Orchids  were  an  especially  good  feature, 
and  are  evidently  plants  for  which  the  Liverpool 
amateurs  show  a  great  penchant,  and  which  they 
cultivate  in  their  not  over-salubrious  Lancashire 
atmosphere  in  an  excellent  manner,  that  was  a 
surprise  to  those  who  are  apt  to  imagine  all  that  is 
good  is  the  product  of  the  south  parts  of  the  island. 
Herbaceous  plants  of  all  kinds  were  found  in  great 
quantities,  as  were  cut  flowers,  British  Ferns,  tuberous 
Begonias,  and  zonal  Pelargoniums.  The  south 
country  growers  contributed  well  in  Roses,  and  show 
and  fancy  Pelagoniums. 

The  fruit  was  of  fairly  good  quality  for  the  season, 
but  was  on  the  whole  poorly  represented.  Pines  were 
abundant,  and  better  than  we  remember  seeing  them 
anywhere  during  the  previous  season. 

Vegetables,  sbowo  in  small  quantities,  were  ex- 
cellent. 


Tools,  garden  machines  and  appliances,  boilers, 
glass  erections  of  most  kinds,  summer-houses,  and 
the  now  innumerable  articles  in  daily  use  in  gardens 
were  to  be  found  in  great  abundance. 

The  great  seed  houses  made  effective  displays, 
although  they  rather  overshadowed  the  principal  exhi- 
bition, by  the  proximity  of  their  ambitious  fai^ides 
and  grandiloquent  signboards  and  trade  announce- 
ments. 

Floral  Division. 

Twelve  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  six  in  fiffiver, 
rfu/iKi:/ (open). —1st,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  Cheltenham.  The 


Fig.    7. — SECTION  I 


floweringseclion  comprised  AnthuriumScherzerianum, 
a  capital  specimen,  loaded  with  fine  spathes  ;  Ixora 
Regina,  a  large  plant  ;  Erica  tricolor  Wilsoni,  well 
done,  and  3  feet  in  diameter  ;  Dipladenia  amabilis, 
also  finely  flowered  ;  Allamanda  Henderson!,  literally 
drooping  under  its  burden  of  bloom.  Foliage  plants 
were— Croton  Queen  Victoria  ;  C.  Prince  of  Wales, 
a  fine  symmetrical  specimen  ;  Latania  borbonica, 
a  fine  plant  ;  Kentia  Canterburyana,  and  Cycas 
revoluta.  This  group  was  the  largest  in  the  show. 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Mould,  Pewsey,  with  plants  of  Erica 
aristella,  Bougainvillea  glabra  in  globular  form  ;  Dipla- 
denia amabilis,  Ixora  coccinea  were  beautiful  plants, 


as  were  also  Gleichenia  rupestris  and  Cycas  revoluta  ; 
but  all  were  of  a  much  smaller  size  than  the  foregoing. 
3d,  Mr.  H.  James,  Lower  Norwood,  whose  Pimelea 
mirabilis,  Lomarla  intermedia,  Franciscea  calyclna 
major,  were  well  grown,  but  showing  signs  of  ex- 
haustion. 

Nine  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  in  bloom,  distinct 
(nurserymen).  — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  with  Ixora  PiU 
grimii,  having  enormous  trusses  of  its  orange-scarlet 
flowers  thickly  set  all  over  it ;  Allamanda  Hender- 
son!, a  splendid  plant ;  a  large  handsome  Anthurium 
Scherzerianum,  Pimelea  decussata,  of  6  feet  in  dia- 
meter, and  his  variety  of  Anthurium  Scherzerianum 
with  deep  red  spathe  and  spadix.  2d,  Mr.  II.  James, 
with  Dracophyllum  gracile,  Slatice  Holfordi,  Alla- 
manda nobilis.  Erica  Cavendishi,  being  well  grown 
examples  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Mould,  in  whose  collection 
were  two  Staiices,  Butcheri  and  profusa,  with  an  extra- 
ordinary  amount  of  flower  on  them. 

Six  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  dislinrl,  in 
bloom  (amateurs). — ist,  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox,  gr.  to  H. 
H.  Watts,  Esq.,  Elm  Hall,  Worcester,  who 
had  a  superb  Ixora  coccinea,  5  feet  in  diameter,  and 
3  feet  high  ;  I.  Dixiana,  6  feet  high,  and  full  of 
flower ;  I.  Regina,  the  best  and  most  vigorous  young 
plant  in  the  show  ;  Allamanda  Henderson!,  very 
large  flowers,  of  great  substance  ;  and  Cleroden- 
dron  Balfouri  :  the  whole  formed  capital  examples  of 
cultivation.  2d,  Mr.  C.  Paul,  gr.  to  S.  Schloss, 
Esq.,  Osborne  Villa,  Bowdon,  whose  Stephanotis 
floribunda,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  and  Boronia  elatior, 
were  well-finished  examples. 

Twelve  Hard-wooJed  New  Holland  Plants,  in  flower 
(open).  — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  with  Aphelexis  in 
variety  ;  Darwinia  tulipifera,  Pimelea  decussata,  and 
Dracophyllum  gracile,  vigorous  plants  of  no  great 
age,  and  well  bloomed. 

Nine  fine-foliage  Plants,  distinct  {open).— ui,  Mr. 
J.  Cypher,  with  Croton  Sunset,  a  distinct  and  bright- 
leaved  variety  ;  Dasylirion  acrotrichum,  a  large 
plant;  Croton  Johannis,  fairly  well  coloured  ;  Cordy- 
line  indivisa,  a  very  fine  example  with  uncommonly 
stout  foliage  ;  Latania  borbonica,  Areca  Baueri,  and 
Kentia  Fosteriana,  both  large  plants,  with  healthy 
foliage.  This  was  an  imposing  group,  filling  well 
the  corner  of  the  tent  in  which  it  was  placed.  2d, 
Mr.  J.  Jellicoe,  gr.  to  F.  H.  Gossage,  Camp  Hill, 
Woolton,  whose  Pritchardia  pacifica,  Latania  bor- 
bonica, and  Dicksonia  antarctica  were  very  good 
specimens. 

Six  Fine-foliage  Plants,  distinct  (amateurs). — Ist, 
Mr.  A.  R.  Cox— the  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  Latania 
borbonica.  Calamus  ciliaris,  with  foliage  to  the  pot ; 
and  Alocasia  macrorhiza  being  capital  examples. 

j\'ine  Palms,  distinct  (o^ea).  — Hi,  Mr.  G.  Williams, 
gr.  to  S.  Baerlein,  Esq.,  Oak  Dsne,  Didsbury  ;  in 
this  lot  were  Thrinax  elegantissima,  Phcenicophorium 
seychellarum,  Kentia  Belmoreana,  Pritchardia  paci- 
fica, Phcenix  rupicola,  Kentia  australis,  K.  canter- 
buryana, Cocos  Weddelliana,  and  Geonoma  Schot- 
tiana,  sturdy,  healthy  plants  of  considerable  size.  2d, 
Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker,  nurserymen,  Aigbutth,  with 
Licuala  grandis,  Thrinax  elegans.  Phoenix  rupicola, 
Kentia  australis,  Seaforthia  elegans — a  number  of 
useful  furnishing  plants. 

Nine  Exotic  Ferns,  ir'!V!Hf/(open).  — ist,Mr.  Rhodes, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Horsfall,  Grassendale  Priory,  Aigburtb, 
the  species  and  varieties  consisting  of  Adiantum  for- 
mosum,  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla,  Davallia  Moor- 
lana — the  best  of  the  variety  in  the  show  ;  Davallia 
bullata,  Alsophilla  Moorei,  very  finely  grown,  with 
large  perfect  fronds ;  Dictyogramma  variegata,  a 
distinct  looking  plant  with  bold  fronds  ;  Microlepia 
hirta  ctistata,  Dicksonia  squarrosa,  Gleichenia  spe- 
luncae — all  of  them  well  grown  examples,  in  fresh 
condition.  2d,  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox  :  the  Microlepia  hirta 
cristata,  Gleichenia  dichotoma,  Goniophlebium  sub- 
auriculatum,  Dicksonia  antarctica,  were  handsome, 
regularly  grown  examples. 

Six  Exotic  Ferns,  a'!V/)«rf  (amateurs). — 1st,  Mr.  C. 
Paul,  with  an  immense  plant  of  Gleichenia  rupestris, 
G.  r.  glaucescens,  as  large  and  good  ;  a  Dicksonia 
antarctica,  12  feet  in  height  ;  Cybotium  regale,  with 
very  large  fronds,  and  wonderfully  robust  ;  Brainea 
insignis,  a  symmetrically  grown  specimen,  the  bronzy 
young  growth  contrasting  well  with  the  old  green 
fronds.  2d,  Mr.  G.  Williams,  gr..  Oak  Dene, 
Didsbury :  Davallia  divarlcata  and  Cibotium  Schiedei 
being  superb  examples,  the  others  in  the  group 
not  being  of  equal  merit ;  3d,  Mr.  Thos.  Gowen, 
gr.  to  J.  Cunningham,  Esq.,  Linton  Lodge,  Mossley 
Hill  :  Adiantum  Veitchii,  Davallia  Mooriana,  with 
pretty  lace-like  fronds,  and  Goniophlebium  subauri- 
culatum  and  Gymnogramma  argyrophylla  being  his 
best  plants. 

Fi/teen  British  Ferns,  distinct  (open).  —  These 
were  well  shown  by  several  gardeners,  being  plants 
that  find  much  favour  hereabouts.  1st,  Mr.  Thos. 
Bolton,  Fern  Cottage,  Warton,  Carnforth.  The 
species  and  kinds  shown  were  Lastrea  Filix-mas,  L.  f. 
m.  var.  flexuosa,  L.  dilatata  grandiceps,  L.  mas  var. 
ramosissima,  Polystichum  angulare  var.  Paleyensis, 
P.  a.  var.  venusta,  P.  aculeatum  var.  cristata  gracilis, 
Athyrium  Filix-foemina  plumosum  var.  Axminster,  A, 


22 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Ji'Lv  3    iS 


F.  f.  p.  var.  Stansfieldii,  Tiichomanes  radicans, 
and  Scolopendrium  var.  crispum.  All  of  these  were 
of  unexceptionable  good  culiivalion,  fresh  and  un- 
injured by  travel.  2d.  MessiF.  C.  Rjlands  &  Co., 
Bold  Lane  Nurseries,  Ormskiik,  with  an  even  lot  of 
excellent  specimens;  3d,  Messrs.  W.  &  J.  Birken- 
head, Sale,  Manchester— nice  healthy  plants,  amongst 
which  we  noticed  a  fine  piece  of  Osmunda  rcgalis 
cristata  with  perfect  foliation. 

Six  Brilisli  Ferns,  dislind  (open).  — Isf,  Mr.  Thos. 
Foster,  gr.  10  John  Brancker,  Esq.,  Green  Park, 
Liverpool,  whose  examples  of  Athyrium  Filix-freraina, 
a  crested  form  ;  A.  F.-f.  plumosum,  A.  F.-f.  Field- 
ingii,  with  long  attenuate  fronds  ;  and  Polystichum 
angulare  prolifera,  were  greatly  admired.  2d,  Mr.  G, 
Barber,  24,  St.  Michael's  Street,  Hurst,  who  had  a 
fine  plant  of  Athyrium  Filix-fcemina  dissectum  ;  3d, 
Mt.  J.  Hurst. 

Twelve  Crotom,  distinct  (nurserytrien).— This  was 
the  group  in  which  were  the  magnificent  plants  of 
Messrs.  Ker  &  Co.  of  the  Aigburth  Nurseries,  the 
sorts  consisting  of  the  following  varieties,  mostly  of 
Continental  origin  :  — C.  Mortfontainensis,  of  glowing 
gold  and  crimson  ;  C.  raosaicus,  of  similar  colour, 
but  with  a  different  leaf  form  ;  C.  Sinitzianus,  a 
narrow  leaved,  pendulous  habited  variety,  yellow  and 
green  ;  C.  Bergmanni,  with  broad  erect  foliage  of 
pale  gold  and  green  ;  C.  Aigburlhianus,  a  very 
narrow-leaved  variety,  and  erect  habit,  gold  on  young 
exposed  foliage  at  the  top  of  the  plant,  lower  leavei 
green  ;  and  the  better  known  C.  Weismanni,  C. 
Evansianus— the  latter  with  handsome  large  foliage 
of  crimson  and  green  ;  C.  Neumann!,  C. 
Countess,  and,  lastly,  C.  interruptus  aureus,  a  narrow 
yellow  leaf.  Better  coloured  plants  can  scarcely  have 
been  staged  before  at  any  sho»-.  2J,  Mr.  J.  Cypher, 
with  plants  of  much  less  dimensions  and  paler  tints  j 
Barori  Frank  Selierie,  and  Thompsoni  were  the 
newest  and  most  disiinct  varieties  j  3d,  Mr.  J.  Mould, 
with  nice  young  stuff  under  5  (eet  in  height. 

Six  Cretans,  distinct  (amateurs).  — rst,  Mr.  C. 
F.  Finnigan,  gr.,  the  Winter  Gardens,  New  Brighton, 
with  large  and  excellent  plants,  fairly  well  coloured, 
of  C.  Queen  Victoria,  C.  Baron  James  de  Rothschild, 
C.  Evansianus,  C.  Johannis,  C.  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
C.  augustifoliuF. 

Six  Dracicnas,  distinct  (amateurs).  — 1st,  Mr.  Jnhn 
Lambert,  gr.  to  Colonel  Wiogfield,  Onslow  Hall, 
Shrewsbury  :  the  plants  of  a  medium  size,  well  grown, 
and  high  in  colour;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Williams,  with 
smaller  specimens  of  greater  substance,  and  furnished 
with  foliage  down  to  the  pot ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox. 

Six  Adiantums,  distinct  (amateurs).  — 1st,  Mr.  J. 
Hurst,  whose  plants  consisted  of  well  known  kinds 
of  an  even  size  and  perfect  shape. 

T7velve  BronieliaJs,  distinct  (open).  — 1st,  Messr.'. 
R.  P.  Ker  &  Sons,  for  a  number  of  well  developed 
soecies,  consisting  of  Nidularium  fulgens,  N.  pictum, 
N.  Meyendorfi,  Vriesia  hieroglyphica,  Encholiiion 
Saundersii,  /Echmea  spectabilis,  a  strong  piece, 
carrying  a  large  spike  of  white  and  blue  fiowers  or 
calyces  ;  Pouretlia  mexicana,  Massangea  musaica, 
Karatas  Legrelli,  Tillandsia  tessellata.  This  collec- 
tion was  unique  of  its  kind,  in  plants  that  are  less 
grown  than  their  beauty  as  regards  flower  and  foliage 
entitles  them  to  be. 

Six  Caladiums,  distinct  (open).  — 1st,  Messrs.  J. 
Liing  &  Co.,  Stanstead  Park  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill, 
London,  S.  E. ,  the  plants  being  of  quite  extraordinary 
proportions  as  regards  size  of  leaf  and  bulk,  the  most 
striking  being  Candidum,  a  pale-leaved  sort  ;  and 
Leopold  Robert,  with  very  bright  coloration.  The 
others  consisted  of  sorts  that  have  been  some  years  in 
cultivation.  There  was  in  this  class  only  one 
exhibitor. 

Twelve  Neiti  and  Rare  Plants  sent  out  during 
1S84,  18S5,  and  18S6  (open).— 1st,  Messrs.  Kei  & 
Sons,  for  Adiantum  cuneatum  deflexum,  with  fronds 
possessing  five  pinna;,  and  a  habit  rather  more 
upright  than  that  of  the  type  ;  Divallia  fojnicula- 
cea,  with  lace-like  fronds,  very  gracefijl  ;  Gymno- 
gramma  gloriosa) ;  Croton  aighburthensis ;  and  An- 
thurium  Veitchi  flore  rubro,  almost  too  joung  a  plant 
to  decide  on  its  merits.  2d,  Messrs.  W.  &  J.  Birkeri- 
head,  for  Nephrodium  Sangwelli,  a  plant  with  stilTtri- 
angular-shaped  fronds  of  a  light  green  colour  ;  N. 
Bausei ;  Adiantum  Collissi,  a  Fern  of  a  loose  habit,  the 
young  fronds  with  a  rosy  tinge  on  thera  ;  A.  digitatum, 
a  variety  still  taller  than  the  last  named,  and  a  habit 
equally  spreading  ;  these  Adiantums  will  doubtless 
improve  in  appearance  when  older. 

Six  pans  or  pots  of  Lycopods,  distinct  (amateurs). — 
The  only  prize,  a  1st,  went  to  Mr.  Thomas  Foster, 
but  there  was  nothing  in  them  which  calls  for 
comment. 

Six  Colciises,  distinct  (amateurs).  — 1st,  Mr.  T. 
Parr,  gr.  to  C.  Collon,  Esq.,  Lulworih  House,  Birk- 
dale,  with  plants  that  were  perfect  hills  of  handsome 
leafage,  the  lesser  known  kinds  being  Gloire  de 
Rougemont,  Marquis  de  Nadilaud,  and  Mottisborne, 
all  of  which  possessed  bright  pleasing  colours  ;  2d, 
Mr.  W.  Bustard,  gr.  to  J.  Lewes,  Esq.,  St.  Ann's 
Road,  Liverpool,  with  a  number  of  flatly  trained 
specimens  nicely  contrasted  in  colour. 


iix  Ericas,  distinct,  j'k  i.'wOT  (open).  — Isl,  Mr.  J.  F. 
Mould,  with  excellent  plants  of  E.  ventricosa  grandi- 
flora,  E.  tricolor  Wilsoni,  E.  ampullacea  obbal,a,  E. 
ferruginea,  E.  depressa,  and  E.  Parmentieri,  the  two 
last  being  very  handsome,  and  all  were  well  grown. 

Twenty  Roses  in  S  inch  pots  (nurserymen).  —  1st, 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  whose  well  bloomed  plants 
carried  from  six  to  twelve  blooms,  the  gems  of  the 
group  being  La  France,  Duchesse  de  Valombrosa, 
Madame  Lacharme,  Madame  G.  Luizet ;  the  plants 
were  dwarf  and  well  furnished  with  foliage  as  well  as 
bloom.  2I,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries, 
Cheshunf,  the  plants  being  sturdy  examples,  but  little 
behind  the  winning  group. 

Group  of  Show,  Decorative,  and  FancyPelar^oniums, 
not  more  than  eighteen  plants,  in  6-inch  pots  (open). 

—  1st,  Mr.  C.  Turner— lovely  plants,  full  of  flower, 
and  remarkable  for  fine  development  in  such  sized 
pots  :  2l,  Messrs.  C.  Rylance  &  Co.,  useful  plants  of 
furnishing  siz^. 

Croup  of  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  under  similar  con- 
ditions to  the  foregoing.  — i%t,  Mr.  G.  Rhodes,  gr,  of 
Grassendale  Priory,  whose  plants  were  neat,  and 
nicely  furnished  wiih  trusses  of  bloom;  very  bright 
were  Sylvia,  Beaule  du  Suresne,  Leonidas,  Le  Grand, 
and  Leicestershire  Seedling,  a  pink  nosegay,  new. 
2J,  Messrs.  R.  Fleming  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Mag- 
hull,  Liverpool,  whose  exhibits  were  fairly  well 
bloomed,  considering  the  restriction  as  to  size  of  pni. 
Nine  Showand Fancy  Pelargoniums,  distinct  (open). 

—  1st,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Gold  Mine,  a  vivid  scarier, 
with  a  white  centre  ;  Invincible,  black  and  scarlet  j 
Ritualist,  cerise  and  crimson  ;  Mrs.  Pottle,  Despot, 
and  others  equally  good,  if  less  striking  to  Ihe  eye. 
2d,  Messrs.  C.  Rylance  &  Co.  ;  3d,  Mr.  E.  Bridger. 

Six  Siinlejloivered Zonal  Pelargoniums  (open).— 
1st,  Mr.  E.  Bridger,  The  Gardens,  Greenhlll,  Huy- 
lon,  with  vigorous  plants,  bearing  stout  trusses,  and 
plenty  of  them  ;  a  sort  shown — Mrs.  McKinlay— is  a 
pleasing  shade  of  rose.  2d,  Mr.  W.  Bustard,  gr. , 
St.  Ann's  Road,  Aigburlh,  whose  plants  were  of  a 
semi-globular  form,  and  nicely  bloomed  ;  3d,  Mr.  T. 
Go«en,    gr.,  Linton  Loige. 

Six  Doulile  flowered  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  distinct 
(open).— 1st,  Mr.  T.  Gowen  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Fleming 
&  Sons ;  3 1,  Mr.  J.  B.  Dixon,  Ashton  House, 
Preston. 

Nine  Nefent/ies  or  Sarraccnias  (open).  —  1st,  M'. 
H.  James,  Lower  Njrwood,  with  N.  Courtii,  N. 
Mastersiana,  N.  M.  nigra,  N.  Ralllesiana,  N. 
Hookeri,  with  fine  reddish  foliage  ;  N.  robusturi', 
N.  Dominiana,  all  the  plants  being  fairly  well  fur- 
nished with  pitchers  2J,  Mr.  C.  Paul,  with  broad 
masses  of  Sarracenia  purpurea,  crammed  with  pitchers, 
and  a  plant  of  S.  Fieldsii,  a  tall  green  species. 

Nine  Ivf-leaved  Pelargoniums  in  flower  (a'ptn) . — 
1st,  Messrs.  I'leming  &  Sons,  with  plants  in  tall 
pyramid  form,  consisting  of  sorts  now  commonly 
grown — Emily  Lemoine  (a  semi-double  scarlet),  and 
Abel  Carrier  (a  soft  rose),  were  the  best  of  these  ;  2d, 
Mr.  R.  Ashcroft,  Hornspit  Lane,  West  Derby,  with 
smaller  plants  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.James. 

Group  of  not  less  than  twenty- five  Tuberous  Begonias, 
in  bloom  (open). — 1st,  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  with 
small  plantsof  both  single  and  double  flowered  kinds  ; 
Mrs.  Amy  Adcock,  a  double,  with  the  lower  rows  of 
petals  of  a  bright  pink,  and  the  centre  ones  white, 
suffused  white,  is  a  distinct  and  pretty  flower  ;  all  of 
the  plants  were  well  flowered,  and  many  of  the 
flowers  of  over-large  proportions  to  please  some  critics. 

Nine  1  libelous  Begonias,  distinct  (open).  —  1st, 
Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.  This  group  consisted  of 
strong  plants  nearly  3  feet  in  height  and  proportion- 
ately broad,  of  single  flowered  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Hurst,  Beechwood. 

Six  Tuberous  Begonias  (amateurs).  — 1st,  Mr.  J. 
Hurst,  small  plants  of  new  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Jelli- 
coe,  also  newer  varieties,  but  smaller  in  size  ;  3d,  Mr. 
W.  Bustard,  with  large  handsome  plants  of  the  now  old- 
fashioned  pendulous  flowered  varieties. 

Nine  Gloxinias,  a'jjCi.jiV  (amateurs).- 1st,  Mr.  J 
Agnew,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Watts,  Grassendale  Park,  Aig- 
burth, with  strong  plants  of  erect  and  pendulous 
varieties,  and  possessing  capital  foliage  ;  2d,  Mr.  T. 
Gowen,  with  smaller  plants  and  fewer  bloom. 

Six  pans  of  Achimenes,  diUinct  (amateurs).  — 1st, 
Mr.  J.  Hurst,  with  large  pans  of  well- flowered  sorts; 
2d,  Mr.  T.  Gowen. 

Collection  of  twenly-five  varieties  of  annuals,  in  pots 
(open).  — 1st,  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  Holborn, 
London— a  very  interesting  collection,  including 
Rhodanthe,  Phlox,  Nasturtiums,  Chrysanthemums, 
Schizanthus,  Kaulfussia,  Candytuft,  &c. 

Collection  of  Pansiis  or  Violas,  grown  in  fots  (open). 
— This  competition  failed  to  be  much  responded  to,  the 
best  coming  from  Mr.  J.  Forbes,  Buccleuch  Nurseries, 
Hawick,  N.B.  The  plants  were  robust  and  very 
well  flowered,  as  is  only  possible  at  this  time  of  year 
in  the  North. 

Orchids. 

Group  of  twenty-five  Orchids  arranged  with  Palms, 
Ferns,  &-c.  (open).— 1st,  G.  Hardy,  Esq.,  Pickering 
Lodge,  Timperley  (gr.,  J.  Hill).  A  very  eflfective 
group,  composed  of  medium  sized  plants,  the  flowers 


of  which  were  placed  slightly  above  the  surrounding 
foliage.  Palms  and  P'erns  were  very  nicely  worked 
in  amongst  them.  Among  the  Orchids  were  the 
following,  in  good  condition  :— Dendrobium  Dearei, 
having  five  spikes  of  its  pure  white  flowers;  Cattleya 
Mossiae,  a  very  large  and  distinct  form  ;  Laelia  pur- 
purata,  C.  gigas  Sandetiana,  Aiiiides  Veitchii,  with 
three  spikes,  each  having  several  laterals — the  only 
plant  in  the  show  of  this  rare  species  ;  C.  Sanderiana, 
a  most  beautiful  variety  ;  C.  Mossia;,  with  thirty-six 
flowers ;  Odontoglossum  vexillarium  crispum,  four 
spikes ;  O.  cordatum,  ten  spikes  ;  Cattleya  Mossiae 
superba  ;  C.  Mendelii,  wiih  one  spike,  the  sepals  and 
petals  being  pure  white,  lip  intense  rosy-amethyst, 
very  sharply  cut  away  at  the  throat  ;  Masdevallia 
Ilarryana,  tine  in  colour  and  ol  good  s'ze  ;  Saccola- 
bium  praemorsum,  a  spike  iS  inches  long;  Vanda 
Dennisoniana,  two  spikes  of  its  creamy-white  flowers  ; 
Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum,  &c.  The  2I  prize  was 
taken  by  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  nurseryman,  Cheltenham, 
who  had  a  good  group,  but  since  several  fine  Crotons 
were  used  amongst  the  plants,  the  Ci'lour  of  these 
detracted  some*hat  from  the  cth:rwise  bright  effect  of 
the  Orchids.  Many  good  plants  were  in  this  collection, 
especially  D.  infundibulum,  with  thirty  of  its  white  and 
orange-scarlet  flowers  ;  C.  Mossiae,  Epidendium  vilel- 
linum  majus,  one  plant  with  twelve,  and  another  with 
twenty  spikes;  C.  Mendelii,  Cypripedium  S.onei 
Ij^vigatum,  having  four  excellent  spikes  and  good 
flowers ;  C.  Lawrenceanum,  Aerides  Fieldingii, 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  O.  ciirosmum,  O.  cris- 
pum, and  O.  Pescatorei ;  Oncidium  Lanceanum,  a 
capital  spike,  2  feet  long,  with  flowers  of  good  sub- 
stance and  colour  ;  'Anguloa  eburnea,  &:.  3  I  prize 
to  Mr.  H.  James,  nurseryman,  Lo»er  Norwood, 
whose  plants  were  mostly  small,  yet  including  nice 
pieces  of  Odontoglossum  cordatum  aurcunn,  Cattlt-ya 
Mossire,  C.  Mendelii,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  Epi- 
dendrum  vitellinum  majus,  &c. 

Twelve  Kxolic  Orchids  (amateurs). — In  this  class 
some  excellent  plants  were  shown,  the  most  notice- 
able, perhaps,  being  fine  healthy  and  well  fl  )wered 
plants  of  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  capital  Cattleya 
gigas,  Mossi.-e,  &c.  Here  Mr.  G.  Hardy  came 
again  to  the  fore,  with  plants  in  every  way  worihy  of 
the  Che-hire  establishment.  The  plants  being  placed 
on  a  sloping  bank  with  a  grass  edge,  each  plant 
had  a  fair  space  about  it,  and  could  be  seen  to 
advantage.  Cattleya  Mossice,  with  forty  flowers  of  a 
capital  colour,  was  very  telling  ;  Dendrobium  Waid- 
ianum,  an  immense  plant,  with  fourteen  flowering 
growths  full  of  flowers,  was  very  creditable  :  how 
Mr.  Hardy  had  managed  to  keep  this  early  spring- 
flowering  Dendrobium  till  the  end  of  Tune  was  a 
matter  of  surprise  to  many  of  the  Orchid  growers 
present  ;  Aerides  odora'um,  ei£;hteen  spikes  ;  Cypri- 
pedium Stonei,  six  spikes  ;  Cypripedium  Lawrence- 
anum, thirty  flowers  ;  Cypripedium  Parishii,  eleven 
spikes  of  its  singular  purple  and  green  flowers ; 
C  gigas  Sanderiana,  grand  in  colour  and  of  immense 
size,  three  spikes,  eleven  flowers  ;  Dendrobium  sua- 
vissimum,  eight  spikes ;  Cattleya  Mendelii,  twenty 
flowers ;  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  very  deep  in 
colour,  full  of  bloom  ;  Odontoglossum  vexillarium, 
a  very  fine  plant,  3  feet  over,  sepals  and  petals  bright 
rose,  lip  large  and  very  light  colour.  2d  prize  was  taken 
by  E.  Harvey,  Esq  ,  Liverpool  (Mr.  Worth,  gr  ),  with 
a  capital  lot,  among  which  we  noticed  Cattleya  Leo- 
poldi,  with  bulbs  4  feet  long  :  the  plant  bore  three 
spikes  of  bloom  only,  none  of  which,  however, 
were  fully  developed  ;  Phalaenopsis  speciosa,  a  very 
rare  and  choice  species,  in  the  way  of  P.  Lrdde- 
manniana,  but  much  brighter  in  colour,  the  bloom 
being  of  a  very  bright  rose  colour ;  Cattleya  Mendelii, 
five  spikes  ;  Masdevallia  Ilarryana,  Meadow  Bank 
variety,  with  fifty  flowers ;  Odontoglossum  citros- 
mum,  three  capital  spikes ;  Lselia  purpurata,  one 
spike ;  Cattleya  Sanderiana,  Odontoglossum  vexil- 
larium, ten  spikes,  deep  in  colour,  but  rather  small 
flowers  ;  Aerides  Lindleyanum,  Epidendrum  vitelli- 
num majus,  twelve  spikes  ;  Cattleya  Warnerii, 
ten  good  fiowers  ;  Odontoglossum  crispum,  five 
spikes.  3d  prize  fell  to  W.  J.  Thomson,  Esq.,  who 
had  a  good  plant  of  Anguloa  Clowesii,  with  eleven 
flowers  ;  Dendrobium  Dalhouseanum,  nine  spikes  of 
its  tawny  buflt  flowers  ;  Cattleya  lobala,  a  well 
flowered  plant  with  five  good  spikes ;  Cattleya 
Mendelii,  a  very  nice  form,  having  white  sepals  and 
petals  pure  white  faintly  margined  with  rose  colour, 
and  a  good  purple  labellum ;  a  Schomburghia, 
with  the  growth  of  tibicinis,  but  with  a  spike  about 
3  feet  long  with  a  dozen  flowers,  the  sepals  and 
petals  having  a  pale  yellow  and  a  deep  purple 
labellum — a  beautiful  thing  ;  Dendrobium  Bensonis, 
twelve  flowering  bulbs ;  Aerides  Fieldingii,  two  capital 
spikes  ;  Anguloa  Ruckerii  sanguinea,  eight  flowers  ; 
Odontoglossum  crispum,  three  spikes  ;  and  Cattleya 
gigas  Sanderiana. 

In  another  collection  we  noticed  a  good  dark  form 
ol  Cattleya  gigas,  Saccolabium  praemorsum,  a  grand 
mass  of  Dendrobium  tortile  roseum,  well  bloomed  j 
Cattleya  Mossiae,  Masdevallia  Harryana,  eighteen 
flowers ;  Cypripedium  A^eitchii,  twelve  flowers  ;  a 
grand  mass  of  Dendrochilum  fiiliforme,  having  thirty- 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


23 


six  spikes  of  its  very  prelty  florets;  C.  gigas,  a 
large  plant  of  Masdevallia  bella,  full  of  bloom  ; 
Odontoglossum  caudalum,  lic. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  nurserymen  Mr. 
J.  Cypher,  of  Cheltenham,  staged  a  very  fine  lot,  and 
was  successful  in  securing  the  premier  position. 
Here  we  noticed  D^ndrobium  suavissimum,  wiih  twelve 
spikes  of  its  bright  yellow  and  purple  blossoms  ; 
a  magnificent  plant  of  Dendrobium  Dearei,  with 
thiriy  spikes  ol  flowers;  Anguloa  Clowesii,  twelve 
Bowers  ;  Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus,  a  large  mass 
with  fifty  spikes  ;  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  ten 
spikes,  flowers  very  large  ;  Aerides  Lobbi,  four  spikes, 
each  2  feet  in  length;  Cattleya  Mendelii,  three  spikes  ; 
a  very  dark  form  of  Cattleya  Mossi:e,  Saccolabium 
guttatura,  with  six  spikes,  the  flowers  being  rather 
loosely  set;  D.  Jamesianum,  with  thirty  fl3wers; 
Odontoglossum  vexiiUrium,  a  nice  plant,  and  Cypri- 
pedium  Lawrenceanum,  with  twenty  flowers.  The 
2i  prize  was  taken  by  Mr,  H.  James,  Lower  Nor- 
wood, with  a  useful  lot.  Here  we  were  glid  to  find 
capital  plants  of  Cattleya  Mo;siie,  with  fuuiteen 
flowers  of  good  size  and  colour;  Cattleya  MendeM, 
with  eleven  blooms  ;  Hrassia  verrucosa  major,  with 
a  number  of  spikes;  Dendrobium  suavissimum,  with 
nine  spikes  ;  Aerides  virens  Dayanum,  Lcelia  Schil- 
leriana,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  Aetides  Fieldingii, 
with  a  spike  over  2  feet  long,  bearing  one  good  lateral ; 
a  large  well  bloomed  OJontnglos&um  vexillarium 
roseum,  and  Dendrochilum  filiforrae,  with  forty 
spikes. 

Six  Exotic  Onhiils,  disiinct  (amateurs).  — Here 
again  Mr.  G.  Hardy  came  well  to  the  fore  with  good 
specimen  plants  full  of  flower,  and  foliage  vigorous 
and  fresh.  His  plants  were  Cattleya  Mendehi,  wi'h 
ten  spikes;  C.  Mossice,  with  fifty  flowers  ;  C.  San- 
deriana,  five  spikes,  producing  eighteen  flowers  of 
splendid  colour  ;  OJon  o^lossum  vexillarium,  a  fine 
piece  3  feet  through,  full  of  bloom  ;  Dendrobium 
crassinode  Barberianum,  a  plant  in  a  basket,  wi'h 
ten  flowering  bulbs  iS  inches  to  2  feet  long,  and  full 
of  its  bright  flowers  ;  and  a  Cypripedium  barbatura 
nigrum.  2d  prize  was  awarded  to  E,  Harvey,  E^q  , 
Hho  had  nice  plants  of  Cattleya  Warneri,  C.  Men- 
delii,  with  fourteen  blooms;  Dendrobium  Daihou-i-'- 
anum,  three  sp;kes  ;  Masdevallia  Harryana,  BjH's 
blcod  var. ;  Epidendrum  Wallisii,  with  pale  yellow 
flowers,  spotted  with  purple,  light  coloured  labellum, 
spotted  also  with  rosy-purple— not  at  all  an  efTtciive 
plant  on  an  exhibition  stage  ;  and  Odontoglossum 
ctispum,  good  variety. 

Tiveh'c  Orchids  in  fiower, — Special  prize  ofieied  by 
the  Liverpool  Horticultural  Company  {J.  Cowan), 
consisting  of  a  cup,  value  25  guineas,  and  10  guineas 
in  cash.— The  only  exhibitor  was  G.  Hardy,  E  q., 
who  put  up  twelve  plants  of  large  size,  and  in  tastciul 
manner  ;  each  specimen  was  a  bond  fide  plant,  and  they 
were  all  well  bloomed.  In  the  centre  a  large  plint 
of  Dendrobium  Devonianum  was  well  elevated,  its 
light  bulbs  arching  over  in  a  natural  manner  ;  this 
plant  had  fourteen  flowering  bulb-,  several  being  over 
4  feet  in  length— abeautiful  plant,  pleasing  everyliody  ; 
Cattleya  Mendelii,  with  fifteen  flowers  perfectly  fresh  ; 
Cypripedium  superbiens  (Veitchii),  with  twenty  beau- 
tiful flowers  ;  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  a  very 
good  plant  with  twenty  spikes,  each  having  four  to 
six  blooms  ;  Cattleya  Warner i,  five  spikes,  the 
flowers  being  deep  in  colour,  and  fine  in  form  — 
on  one  spike  we  noticed  four  flowers  ;  C.  Mendelii, 
eight  spikes  ;  C.  gigas  Sanderiana,  splendid  in  colour, 
and  large  in  size  ;  Dendrobium  Jamesianum,  a  superti 
plant  with  sixiy  flowers,  a  genuine  single  piece; 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  with  thirty  spikes  ;CatiIcya 
MossiiK  superba,  with  thirty-six  spikes  ;  Cypripedium 
Stonei,  with  three  spikes  ;  and  a  Brassia  Lawrence- 
ana.  Truly  one  of  the  best  lots  ever  put  on  an  exhi- 
bition stage. 

A  large  plant  of  Lxlia  purpurata  was  shown  by 
the  Hon.  and  Rev.  T.  Boscawen,  having  grand 
bulbs  and  foliage,  and  producing  large  flowers  of  a 
deep  rose,  wiih  broad,  expanding  lip  of  a  deep 
purple,  gradually  fading  to  the  edge. 

Miscellaneous  Plants. — Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co. 
staged  a  good  lot  of  Orchids,  about  a  hundred  plants, 
medium  in  size,  but  well  bloomed.  Zygopetalum 
Gautierii,  Cattleya  Mendelii,  and  C.  Mossce  in 
several  varieties  ;  good  forms  of  Odontoglossum  cris- 
pum, among  them  being  several  deeply-spotted  forms  ; 
O.  facetum,  Mor modes  luxatum  eburneum,  L.  pur- 
purata, Lasiia  elegans  Schilleriana,  &c. 

A  good  group  was  put  up  by  the  Liverpool  Horti- 
cultural Company  (J.  Cowan,  manager),  in  which  we 
noticed  Cypripedium  caudatum,  Oncidium  leucochi- 
lum,  the  white  Cattleya  Eldorado,  C.  citrina,  C, 
Acklandi^,  Vanda  Roxburghii,  Saccolabium  pr^mor- 
sum.Maxillariavenusta,  Aeride^crassifolium,  Peristeria 
pendula;  several  Chysis  l^evis,  &c.  This  group 
was  nicely  worked  up  with  Ferns,  and  edged  with 
Adiantum  Pacotti. 

In  a  group  staged  by  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Hol- 
loway,  amongst  many  other  useful  and  ornamental 
foliage  and  flowering  plants  were  to  be  seen  nice 
plants  of  C.  Warneri  gigas,  Cypripedium  Veitchii, 
C.    Mo3si?2,    Odontoglossum    Coradinei    superbum, 


Cypripedium  ciliolare;  Masdevallia  S:hlimii.  Messrs. 
J.  Backhouse  i.\:  Sons,  York,  also  staged  a  group,  in 
which  were  good  Cattleya  gigas  in  several  distinct 
forms,  C.  Warneri,  C.  Harrisoni,  C.  Leopoldi,  good 
forms  of  Odontoglossum  crispum,  and  the  small  and 
pretty  Oncidium  cornigerum.  Several  pans  of  Disa 
grandiflora,  in  bud,  were  in  this  collection. 

Twelve  Cut  Flowers  of  Orchids,  varieties  distinct  (cut 
spikes  or  flowers,  set  up  with  Ferns,  lic. ).  to  be  shown 
in  glasses. — Mr.  J.  Cypher  was  1st,  showing  nice  spikes 
of  Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus,  Dendrobium  iofundi- 
bulum,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  Cypripedium  barba- 
tum,  C.  Warneri,  C.  Mossix,  Odontoglossum  vexil- 
larium, Dendrobium  eburneum,  Lxlia  purpurata, 
Anguloa  Ruckeii,  Cattleya  Mendelii,  and  Odonto- 
glossum Schlieperianum.  The  2I  prize  felt  to  A. 
Heine,  Esq.,  Fallowfield  (gr.,  J.  Ctaggs),  who  had 
good  flowering  bulbs  of  D.;ndrobium  nobile,  Vanda 
tricolor  cinnamomea,  Odontoglossum  cordatum,  O. 
Schlieperianum,  Catihya  Mossia;  superba,  C.  Men- 
delii, C.  Liwrenceana  {\  dark  form)  ;  Dendrobium 
formosum,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  Cypripedium 
barbatum  giganteum,  Lxlia  purpurata  Nelsii,  a  very 
dark  form.  \l.  Giskell,  Esq..  wasawardt  d  3  i  piiz.% 
for  good  flowers  and  spikes  of  Cauleya  Sanderiana, 
Calanlhe  veratrifolia,  L:^lia  purpurata,  Masdev.\llia 
Harryana,  Cilileya  maxima,  .\nguloa  eburnea,  OJoa- 
toglossum  Coradioei,  D^rndrobium  DalhoJseanum, 
Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus,  Odontoglossum  cris- 
pum, and  Vanda  teres. 

The  Orchids  shown  were  remarkable  for  their 
floriferousoess  and  the  general  freshness  of  the  indi- 
vidual plants.  Tfte  Cattleya  gigas  varieties  were  ex- 
cellent in  colour  and  large  m  S'Z::.  Among  exhibitors 
G.  Hardy,  E^q  ,  showed  remarkably  well,  taking  the 
leading  prize  in  each  class,  a  feat  which  speaks  well 
fur  the  excellence  of  hi;  collection  as  a  whule.  It  is 
needless,  to  say,  that  the  part  of  the  tent  in  which 
the  Orchids  were  staged  was  crowded  as  soon  as  the 
exhibition  was  opened,  and  continued  so  duiing  the 
whole  of  the  day. 

Group  0/ Miscellaneous  Plants,  arranged  for  effi^ct, 
occupying  a  space  nnt  exceeding  300  .'quare  feet 
(open).  — 1st,  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  &  Son,  who  had  se- 
cured  the  most  striking  effects  by  their  method  of 
arrangement,  and  the  use  of  bright  coloured  Crolons. 
The  ground  was  hidden  by  numbers  of  Adiantums, 
disposed  so  that  the  plants  barely  touched,  aud 
amongst  these,  at  intervals  sufluienily  wide,  were 
placed  Crotons.  Dracsnas,  Palms,  Anlhuriums  in 
flower,  Lilium  Hanisii,  just  a  few  to  aid  by  the  con- 
trast of  pure  white  against  dark  foliage  ;  other  plants, 
disposed  in  what  may  be  called  the  temperate  section 
of  the  group,  consisted  of  Pelargoniums,  Roses,  Rho- 
dodendrons, Gloxinias,  ^^c,  likewise  mixed  up  with 
Adiantums.  2d.  Messrs.  W.  &  J.  Birkenhead,  whose 
group  consisted  of  exotic  and  hardy  native  Ferns 
arranged  too  closely  together  to  produce  a  pleasing 
elfect.  The  good  material  was  there,  but  there  was 
far  more  than  was  required  for  the  space  at  disposal. 

A  Group  extending  to  not  more  than  loo  square 
/tv/ (amateurs).  — isl,  Mr.  G.  Williams,  Oak  Dene, 
whose  arrangement  consisted  of  a  mound  clothed 
with  Adiantums,  with  a  bed  of  the  same  on  the 
level,  flowering  plants,  Palms,  Crotons,  small  Cala-  ' 
diums,  being  distributed  over  it.  The  central  point 
was  a  Palm,  perched  on  the  top  of  the  mound,  the 
pot  being  hidden  in  a  graceful  manner  with  Panicum. 
2l,  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox,  whose  group  was  arranged  on 
the  level,  being  only  broken  up  by  the  plants 
employed,  which  consisted  of  white  Lilies,  Palms, 
Orchids,  Gloxinias,  Francoa  ramosa,  &c.  ;  3d,  Mr. 
J.  Jellicoe,  whose  plants  were  of  better  quality,  but 
being  small,  failed  to  produce  a  satisfactory  arrange- 
ment. 

Group  of  Miscellaneous  Plants,  in  or  out  of  flower 
(nurserymen). — 2d,  Mr.  Samuel  Johnson,  of  Oxton, 
Birkenhead  ;  the  group  was  rather  too  aitihcially 
arranged,  and  was  composed  of  Crassula  coccinea, 
Fuchsias,  Petunias,  Ericas,  &c. 

Group  of  fifty  Hardy  Hobaceous  Plants  (optn). -^ 
1st,  Messrs.  J.  Dickson  &  Son,  Newton  Nurseries, 
Chester;  this  formed  a  striking  feature  near  the 
entrance  to  the  great  tent,  and  being  composed  of 
strong  plants  which  had  been  grown  for  some  time  in 
pots,  and  selected  with  an  eye  to  effect,  compelled 
admiration  ;  we  note  a  few  of  them,  viz.,  Campanula 
rapunculoides,  C.  Burghalli,  with  large  blush-white 
bells,  a  distinct-looking  species,  and  growing  as  seen 
4  feet  in  height ;  Aquilegia  chrysantha,  Mimulus 
cardinalis,  and  M.  c.  Earl  of  Radnor,  both  tall,  robust 
plants  full  of  flower,  the  latter  variety  having  crimson 
flowers  ;  Galtonia  candicans,  Francoa  ramosa,  Lilium 
speciosura  rubrum,  and  other  common  species,  very 
tall  and  strong  ;  L.  spcciosum  album  stood  6  feet 
high,  and  like  the  others  was  quite  covered  with 
flowers  ;  a  tall  Composite  with  yellow  flowers  was 
seen  in  Erythroch^le  palmatifida.  Mr.  J.  Bostock, 
gr.  to  Enoch  Harvey,  Esq.,  12,  Riversdale  Road, 
Aigburth,  took  the  2d  prize.  In  this  group  we  noted 
Inula  glandulosa,  Cypripedium  spectabile,  some  very 
floriferous  herbaceous  R^eonies,  which  appeared  to 
have    been    growing     some     years    in    their    pots, 


Oenothera  Voungi,   with  pretty  yellow  flowers,  very 
fine  double  Pyrcthrums,  Achillea  tomentosa. 

Pi/ty  Hardy  Alpine  or  Rock  Plants  (open).  — Here 
the  1st  prize  was  taken  by  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  the 
Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt.  There  were  many  good 
and  rare  things  amongst  them,  as  Diyas  octopetala, 
Erigeron  glaucus,  Phyteuma  Cbannelli,  Ramondia 
pyrenaica,  Androsace  lanuginosa.  Genista  sagitalis, 
Campanula  turbinata  pallida,  C.  ihomboidalis,  C. 
tenuifolia  alba,  and  C.  species,  with  lovely  blue 
flowei-  that  do  not  droop  ;  Acantholimon  gluma- 
ceum,  and  Saxifraga  cochleata  minor.  The  plants 
appeared  to  be  well  established  in  their  pots,  and 
therefore  well  adapted  for  cultivation,  not  being 
merely  botanical  curiosities. 

Croup  of  Hardy  Ornamental  Foliage  Trees  and 
Shrubs  (nurserymen).  —  1st,  Messrs.  J.  Dickson  & 
Sons,  whose  exhibit  was  very  rich  in  varieties  of 
Japan  Maples,  that  are  so  well  adapted  for  the  cool 
conservatory  in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  if  too 
tender  to  be  planted  out-of-doors  in  most  parts; 
Oaks,  with  variegated  and  golden-coloured  foliage  ; 
Copper  Beech,  Euonymus,  iS:c.  2d,  Messrs.  W. 
Birron  cK;  Sons,  Elvaston  Nurseries,  Borrowasb, 
who  had  larger  grown  Japan  Maples,  but  not  in  such 
variety  as  Messrs.  Dickson.  The  plants  shown  by 
Messrs.  Barron  were  :— Acer  atrosanguineum,  Cornus 
mascula  var.,  Acer  polymoiphum  atropurpureum,  A. 
Negundo  var.,  Fagus  atropurpurea,  F.  0.  pendula, 
Ulmus  aurea  Rosseelsii,  (Juercus  Cerris  var.,  Piunus 
Pissardi,  Ulmus  myrtilolia  purpurea,  .Esculus  aurea 
var.,  Tilia  dissecta,  Acer  Pseudo-Platanus  Leopoldii, 
Ulmus  campestris  elegantissima  pendula,  U.  c.  lati- 
folia  alba  maculata,  U.  raontana  Dampieri  aurea, 
Quercus  pedunculata  albo  maculata,  Q.  p.  atro- 
purpurea, Acer  polymorphum  atropurpureum  dis- 
sectum,  A.  polymorphum,  A.  p.  dissectum,  A.  p. 
palmatifidum  var.,  A.  rufinervia,  A.  marmorata.  The 
above  were  strong  plants  in  tubs,  symmetrical  and 
vigorous  of  growth,  as  we  are  accustomed  to  see  from 
these  nurseries  ;  Abies  Sieboldii,  Retinospora  plu- 
mosa  aurea,  l\etinospora  telragona  aurea,  Abies  Dou- 
glasii  glauca,  Thuiopsii  Standi^hii,  Taxus  baccata 
aurea  var.,  Abies  Pattoniana   &c. 

Miscellaneous.— ^lzz%xs.  R.  Smith  &  Cc,  Wor- 
cester, staged  a  very  bright  and  interesting  group, 
consisting  of  varieties  of  Clematis  in  pots,  well 
flowered  ;  also  small  plants  of  new  varieties,  some  of 
which  had  beautiful  flowers,  but  being  as  yet  unnamed, 
we  can  only  mention  them  in  a  general  way  ;  Ericas 
and  Roses  in  pots,  neat,  floriferous  plants  ;  Japanese 
Maples,  Pa;onies,  as  cut  flowers ;  a  large  box- 
ful of  blooms  of  Diclamnus  fraxinella  was  very 
conspicuous  for  its  bright  tints.  Messrs.  W.  Cutbush 
&  Son,  nurserymen,  Highgate,  showed  a  group  cf 
plants  consisting  cf  Ivies  in  many  varieties,  for  which 
the  Highgate  nurseries  are  noted,  Japanese  Maple'-, 
Lilium  Harrisii,  Crassulas,  Spiraeas,  &c.,  a  pretty 
group  cf  ustful  plants.  New  Holland  plants,  which 
are  largely  grown  at  this  nursery,  were  present  in  but 
f:;w  examples.  Messrs.  F.  &  A.  D.ckson,  Upton 
Nurseries,  Chester,  had  a  circular-shaped  group  near 
the  entrance  in  the  big  tent,  consisting  of  Dracaenas, 
Palms  Ferns,  &c.,  small  stuft"  put  together  lightly. 
Mr.  Jennings,  gr.  to  Leopold  de  Rothschild  Esq., 
Ascot,  Leighton  Buzzard,  showed  a  splendid  group  of 
Carnation  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  ;  the  flowers  were 
of  the  largest  size,  and  showed  well  the  degree  of 
excellence  obtained  by  him  in  their  culture.  Mr.  C. 
Turner  showed  also  the  same  variety  and  the  pink 
flowered  ;  Carnation  Lady  Rose  I\Iolyneux,  a  white, 
and  Prince  of  Orange,  a  yellow  with  a  wire  edge. 
Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  Langport,  Somerset,  had  cut 
blooms  of  Gaillardias,  Pyrethrum  candidum,  &c.,  a 
pure  white  of  good  form.  Messrs.  Backhouse  &  Sons, 
nurserymen,  York,  received  a  Gold  Medal  for  a  group 
of  plants  consisting  of  Cattleyas  of  various  species, 
Odontoglossums  and  Oncidium  cornigerum.  Their 
collection  of  Trichomanes  and  Hymenopbyllums  was 
rich  in  rare  species,of  which  we  notea  few,  viz. : — Tricho- 
manes Luschnathianum  var.  pulchra  ;  T.  meifolium; 
Hymenophyltum  tamariscinum  ;  H.  multifidum  ;  H. 
hirsutum,  very  rare ;  H.  chiloense,  with  capsules 
borne  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  fronds.  Many  fine 
plants  came  from  the  same  nursery.  We  noticed 
Athyrium  Filix-fcemina  Edwardsii  ;  Saxifraga  Lanto- 
scana  superba;  Leptospermum  scoparium,  which  we 
are  surprised  to  find  flowering  so  far  north  in  the  open 
air  ;  Silene  petr?ea,  with  the  habit  of  the  common 
Thrift,  with  heads  of  small  white  flowers  ;  Potentilla 
nitida  var.  atro-rubens,  with  silvery  trifoliate  leaves 
and  bright  rosy-pink  flowers  ;  Aster  alpinus  alba  ; 
Buxus  latifolia  aurea,  the  foliage  pale  yellow  ;  Salix 
lanata,  with  a  creeping  habit  and  grey  foliage,  &c. 

Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  Edinburgh,  showed 
twenty-four  varieties  of  Violas,  of  great  excellence. 

The  Liverpool  Horticultural  Co.  (Limited),  Mr. 
John  Cowan,  manager,  exhibited  a  group  of  Roses, 
Paquerette,  Mignonette,  and  My  Pet,  small  flowered 
varieties  well  adapted  for  pot  culture.  Other  exhibits 
from  this  nursery  consisted  of  very  fine  double  and 
single  Petunias,  of  charming  variety  in  form  and 
colour  ;  Crotons,  Palms,  &c.,  the  group  taking  up 
considerable  space  in  the  cut-flower  tent. 


24 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  3,  1886. 


Messrs.  Jas.  Dickson  &  Son  received  a  Bronze 
Banksian  Medal  for  a  group  of  succulents,  consisting 
of  Aloes,  Agaves,  Yuccas,  Euphorbias,  Mammilarias, 
&c. 

Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nur- 
sery, Chelsea,  had  a  most  interesting  group  of  rare 
plants  effectively  arranged.  Philodendron  grandi- 
dens,  Anthurium  Warocqueanum,  A.  Veitchianum, 
all  with  splendid  foliage,  and  forming  the  background 
of  the  group,  against  which  the  smaller  plants  were 
well  shown  up.  The  Protea  cynaroides  and  Exacum 
macranthum  noticed  in  the  Cardiners'  Chronicle 
last  week  were  exhibited  in  the  group,  and  a  col- 
lection of  insectivorous  plants,  consisting  o(  Cepha- 
lotus  and  Draseras,  small  examples,  under  a  bell- 
glass  ;  Caraguata  angustilolia,  with  a  scarlet  flower- 
scape  and  smooth  narrow  arching  foliage  ;  Aralia 
Kerchoviana,  Nephrolepis  rufescens  tripinnatifida 
Hydrangea  paniculata  grandiflora,  two  plants, 
wonderfully  well  bloomed  ;  several  handsome 
greenhouse  Rhododendrons  ;  Nepenthes  Master- 
siana,  with  large  well  coloured)  pitchers  ;  Dieffen- 
bachia  Jenmanni,  Dracjena  norwoodensis,  green 
foliage,  striped  and  edged  with  creamy-white  and 
pink  ;  Haemanthus  hirsutus,  with  white  corymbs  of 
flowers,  produced  quite  freely. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway,  London,  had  a  very  charming  group,  con- 
sisting of  Cattleyas  in  variety  ;  various  Odontoglos- 
sums,  Houlletia  odorata,  Cypripediums,  Lycaste 
Deppii,  Lselia  purpurata,  Oncidium  Papilio,  Hy- 
drangea paniculata  grandiflora,  intermixed  with 
Adiantums,  Crotons,  small  Palms,  Spiraea  palmata, 
Metrosideros  floribunda  alba,  Sarracenias,  &c. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  displayed  a  very 
large  quantity  of  wax  models  of  roots,  fruits,  and 
vegetables ;  sixty  sorts  of  Potatos  of  1885,  well 
preserved  ;  some  fine  kinds  of  Cabbage  Lettuces  of 
this  year's  sowing,  several  Melons  and  Cucumbers 
raised  at  their  establishment,  together  with  samples 
of  living  grasses  and  Clovers. 

Messrs.  Cheal  &  Son,  Lowfield  Nurseries,  Craw- 
ley, Sussex,  showed  their  system  of  espalier  training 
of  fruit  trees  in  various  ways.  A  Gold  Medal  was 
awarded. 

Floral  Committee. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Floral  Committee,  James 
O'Brien,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ;  Major  Lendy,  Mr. 
Shirley  Hibberd,  Mr.  Herbst,  and  Mr.  Dean,  &o. , 
present.  First-class  Certificates  were  awarded — 

To  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Son,  for  Pteris  tremula 
foliosa,  a  stately  new  Fern,  with  effectively  crimped 
foliage  :  Philodendron  grandidens,  quite  a  show  plant, 
with  very  long  bronzy  leal  blades  ;  Nephrolepis  rupes- 
cens  tripinnalifida,  hnely  and  curiously  overlapping  in 
the  pinnae  ;  Gymnogramma  schizophylla  gloriosa,  much 
more  robust  than  the  type  ;  Rhododendron  Aurora,  with 
fine  yellow  and  orange  flowers — a  greenhouse  kind. 
The  award  of  a  Botanical  Certificate  to  Protea  cyna- 
roides,  provisionally  given  at  the  last  meeting,  was  con- 
firmed. 

To  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  ol  Holloway,  for  Araucaria 
excelsa  Vervaetiana,  a  noble  plant  of  the  robusta  or 
glauca  type,  but  with  a  bright  green  tint. 

To  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  &  Son,  Aigburth,  for  Croton 
aigburthensis,  a  pretty  plant,  with  narrow  leaves,  almost 
wholly  golden  :  Croton  Newmani,  with  broad  leaves, 
brilliantly  tinted  with  scarlet,  yellow,  and  bronze  ;  Gym- 
nogramma schizophylla  gloriosa,  as  Messrs  Veitch. 

To  Messrs.  James  Backhouse  &  Son,  York,  for  Hy- 
menophyllum  picturatum,  which  has  curiously  recurving 
pinnae  ;  Trichomanes  meifolium,  something  like  a  Todea 
pellucida ;  Polypodium  vulgare  trichonianoides,  an 
elegantly  divided  Fern,  almost  like  a  filmy  Fern  ;  Asple- 
nium  marinum  plumosum,  which  has  the  pinnee  again 
deeply  divided ;  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  var. 
Puy  de  Dome,  the  largest  of  the  hardy  white  Marguerites. 

To  Messrs  W.  &  J.  Birkenhead,  Sale,  for  Nephrodium 
Sangwelli,  a  pretty  light  green  Fern,  with  narrow  toothed 
pinnae  ;  llastrea  montana  coronans,  one  of  the  neatest  of 
crested  Ferns. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  Langport,  for  Gaillardia 
Ormonde,  a  large  crimson  and  yellow  kind  ;  Pyrethrum 
Lawtonburgh,  a  grand  pure  white,  quilled  double. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Seventy-two  Roses,  distinct  (open).  —  1st,  The  Cran- 
ston Nursery  and  Seed  Co.,  Worcester.  The  stands 
of  these  were  of  the  usual  fine  quality  of  Roses  from 
this  nursery,  and  amongst  those  of  exceeding  merit 
we  noticed  Mad.  T.  Level,  Marquise  Castellane, 
Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  Dingee  Conard,  Vicomte 
Vigier,  Magna  Charta,  Baron  Hausmann,  Captain 
Christy,  Lady  M.  Filzwilliam,  Mad.  Ducher,  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Eugene  Verdier, 
Constantine,  Treteakopf,  Mdlle.  Marie  Contet.  2d, 
Mr.  G.  Campbell,  Gay  Street,  Bath,  with  flowers 
but  little  less  fine,  Rosierist  Jacob,  Richard  Laxton, 
Uliich  Brunner,  Alfred  Colombe,  and  Merveille  de 
Lyon  being  capital  examples,  3d,  Messrs.  Paul  & 
Son,  Old  Nursery,  Chesbunt.  Seven  lots  were  staged 
for  this  contest. 

Forty-ei^ht  Roses,  distinct  (nurserymen). — 1st,  The 
Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Co.,  Countess  of  Oxford, 
Violette  Bowyer,  Nardy  Frftres,  Mons.  Noman, 
Julia  Touvais,  and  Ferdinand  Chaffolte  being  some  of 


the  finest,  together  with  the  sorts  mentioned  as  being 
prominent  in  the  previous  competition  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  House. 

Twenty-four  Roses,  distinct  (nurserymen). — 1st, 
Mr.  Prince,  Oxford,  the  Roses  in  his  boxes  bearing 
the  usual  evidence  of  the  suitability  of  his 
soil  of  the  district  for  the  production  of  Roses 
of  great  substance  of  petal  and  leal  and  size  of  flower. 
Very  good  were  the  sorts  Catherine  Mermet, 
Princess  of  Wales,  La  Boule  d'Or,  Tean  Ducher, 
Madame  Kuster,  Rubens,  and  Souvenir  d'Elise  Varden, 
Souvenir  d'un  Ami  ;  but  so  good  were  the  majority 
of  the  flowers  that  it  is  invidious  to  make  a  choice. 
Equal  2d,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath,  and  the 
Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Company. 

Twenty-four  Tea  Roses,  distinct  (nurserymen). — No 
1st  was  awarded.  2d,  Messrs.  G.  Cooling — a  fine 
lot,  but  rather  small. 

Twenty-four  Roses,  distinct  (amateurs).  —  1st,  Mr. 
G.  Campbell,  gr.  to  S.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  8,  Clay 
Street,  Bath.  In  this  group  were  superior  blooms 
of  Niphetos,  Duchess  of  Valombrosa,  Lady  Mary 
Filzwilliam,  Countess  of  Oxford,  Fran^oise  Michelon, 
Arthur  Dickson,  Rubens,  Beauty  of  Waltham,  and 
Merveille  de  Lyon  ;  2d,  R.  E.  West,  Esq.,  Reigate, 
Surrey,  the  best  blooms  being  found  in  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Ulrich  Brunner,  and  E.  Y. 
Teas. 

Twelve  Roses,  distinct  (amateurs). — 1st,  Mr.  E. 
Claxton.  The  Rosery,  Allerton,  who  had  fine  Inno- 
centa  Pirola,  Anna  Olivier,  Madame  Cusin  Niphe- 
tos, Hon.  E.  Giffard,  and  Souvenir  d'un  Ami  ;  2d, 
Mr.  S.  P.  Budd— Violette  Bowyer,  Alfred  Colombe, 
Lady  M.  Filzwilliam,  and  A.  K.  Williams  being 
some  of  his  best  examples. 

Twelve  Tea  Roses,  distinct  (amateurs).— 1st,  Mr. 
E.  Claxton,  who  had  beautiful  blooms  of  Marie  Van 
Houtte,  Niphetos,  Princess  of  Wales,  Madame  Cusine, 
and  Anna  Olivier.  2d,  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd,  the  sorts 
Devoniensis,  and  Madame  Willermoz,  being  very  fine. 
3d,  Mr.  Marshall  Bulley,  Chapel  Street,  Liverpool. 

Twelve  bunches  of  Pelargoniums  (open). — In  this 
competition  the  1st  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  and  the  2d  to  Messrs.  C.  Rylance  &  Co. 

Twelve  bunches  of  Single-flowered  Pelargoniums.  — 
The  three  prizes  were  awarded  to  Messrs,  Rylance  & 
Co.,  Mr.  Weir,  and  Messrs.  Fleming  &  Son,  in  the 
order  of  their  names. 

Twelve  bunches  of  Double-flowered  Zonal  Pelargo- 
niums.— 2d  and  3d  prizes  were  awarded  to  Mr.  W. 
Weir  and  Messrs.  Fleming  &  Son,  in  the  order  named. 

Twelve  bunches  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
distinct  (amateurs),— The  best  prize  fell  to  the  lot  of 
Mr.  G.  Williams,  who  had  Sobralia  macrantha. 
Lapageria,  red  and  white  ;  Dipladenia  Brearleyana, 
Anthurium,  and  AUamanda.  The  others  call  (or  no 
comment. 

Twelve  bunches  Hardy  Herbaceous  Plants  (ama- 
teurs).—Mr.  G.  Eaton,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Shirley,  Esq., 
Allerton  House,  Allerton,  who  had  the  best  collection, 
took  the  premier  prize,  and  Mr.  Bustard,  the  2d. 

Group  of  Cut  Hardy  Flowers  (nurserymen). — 1st, 
Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  West  Coates  Nursery, 
Edinburgh  ;  2d,  Messrs.  J.  Cocker  &  Sons,  seeds- 
men, Aberdeen,  who  had  an  excellent  lot  of  fresh 
looking  flowers,  the  Pyrethrum  being  larger  than  we 
are  accustomed  to  observe  in  England. 

Sixty  blooms  of  Pansies,  not  more  than  two  of  a 
sorts  (open).— Here  the  best  prize  went  to  Messrs.  J. 
Cocker  &  Sons,  for  a  quantity  of  large  flowers,  with 
well-defined  colouring,  smooth  and  globular  in  form. 

Twelve  varieties  of  Gloxinia  (open).  — Mr.  Thomas 
Gowen  was  the  winner  here  ;  but  the  flowers  lacked 
the  best  marks  of  the  newest  strains 

Cut  blooms.— Messrs.  James  Dichson  &  Sons,  re- 
ceived the  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  for  a  large 
quantity  of  cut  flowers  of  hardy  plants  shown  in 
grand  style,  the  Pseonies,  Delphiniums,  and  Lilies 
being  extremely  fine. 

Bouquets,  Etc. 

Three  .Stands  or  Vases  for  dinner-table  decoration 
(open).— 1st,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  with  three  tall  glasses 
elegantly  arranged  with  small  flowers,  grasses,  &c., 
that  would  look  pretty  by  artificial  light,  and  not 
intercept  the  view  over  the  table  ;  2d,  Mr.  T.  Prewett, 
Swiss  Nursery,  Hammersmith. 

Bridal  Bouquets  (open).— Mr.  J.  Cypher  was 
placed  deservedly  in  the  1st  place  for  these. 

Bo'cquet /or  the  Hand  (opea).— 1st,  Mr.  E.  Carr, 
Market  Hall,  Southport— two  very  artistically-made 
bouquets,  not  over-crowded  with  flowers. 

Arranged  Sprays  for  Ladies'  wear  (open). — In  this 
class  we  noted  a  yellow  Carnation,  Pride  of  Penshurst, 
which,  although  somewhat  wilted  with  the  heat, 
seemed  to  afford  excellent  material  for  these  articles 
of  fashionable  use,  the  colour  being  also  of  the 
patronised  tint  of  yellow. 

Skeletonised  leaves  and  flowers  were  shown  in 
charming  variety  by  Mrs.  Margaret  Hodgkins  and 
Mr.  R.  Frisby. 

Fruit. 

The  productions  shown,  if  very  numerous  in  most 


of  the  classes,  were  not  of  very  high  order  of  merit. 
Pines  were  of  fairly  good  appearance,  no  over- 
grown crowns  being  observed.  Grapes  were 
below  the  usual  quality — Foster's  Seedling  being 
small  in  berry  ;  Muscats,  In  some  cases  barely  ripe  ; 
the  finest  varieties  being  Hamburgbs  and  Madresfield 
Court, 

For  collections  of  eight  kinds  :  1st,  Mr.  R.  Parker, 
gr.  to  J.  Corbett,  Esq.,  Impney  Hall,  Droitwich,  who 
had  well  matured  Black  Hamburgh  and  Foster's  Seed- 
ling Grapes,  small  of  bunch,  an  excellent  Queen  Pine, 
well  coloured  British  Queen  Strawberries,  Noblesse 
Peaches,  Pitmaston  Nectarines,  neither  very  large  ; 
a  good  Blenheim  Orange  Melon,  and  Brown  Turkey 
Figs— a  good  collection  ol  very  presentable  fruits. 
2d,  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Norman- 
ton,  Somerley,  Ringwood,  whose  Black  Hamburgh 
Grapes  were  rather  loose  in  bunch,  but  well  coloured  ; 
Trebbiano,  thoroughly  ripened  ;  a  large  Queen  Pine, 
excellent  Sir  Joseph  'Paxton  Strawberries,  Hero  of 
Lockinge  Melon,  Lord  Napiet  Nectarines,  and 
Alexander  Peach.  3d,  Mr.  Bannerman,  Blithfield, 
Rugeley,  whose  large  well  coloured  Royal  George 
Peaches  and  Golden  Champion  Grapes,  rather  under 
ripe,  were  the  best  items. 

Collections  of  six  kinds.  —In  this  competition  there 
was  some  capital  fruit  shown  by  Mr.  Iggulden,  gr, 
to  the  Earl  of  Cork,  Marston  House,  Frome— Long- 
leat  Perfection  Melon,  Hale's  Early  Peaches,  Violet 
Hative  Nectarine,  Brown  Turkey  Figs,  Elton 
Cherries,  and  President  Strawberries  ;  2d,  Mr.  Miller, 
gr.  to  W.  H.  Long,  Esq.,  Rood  Ashton  Park,  Wilts. 
In  this  collection  were  the  handsome  Rood  Ashton 
hybrid  Melon,  Hale's  Peach,  and  Elton  Cherries  of 
much  excellence;  3d,  Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl 
of  Harrington,  Elvaston  Castle,  Derby,  whose  fruit 
ran  the  previously  named  lot  very  closely.  An  extra 
prize  was  awarded  for  fruit  in  this  class. 

Grapes,  three  bunches  of  each. — Of  these  there  were 
eight  lots  shown,  and  none  of  the  bunches  were  very 
large,  and  many  had  been  too  severely  thinned.  1st, 
Mr.  T.  Lambert,  gr.  to  Lord  Harlech,  Oswestry  j 
2d,  Mr.  I'Anson,  gr,  to  W.  Bretteston,  Esq.,  Runhan 
Hall,  Chorley — the  berries  small,  and  somewhat 
crowded  :  3d,  Mr.  E.  Gillman,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury,  Ingestre  Hall,  Staffs. — the  berries 
small  but  jetty  black.  Mr.  Loudon,  gr.  to  T. 
Barnes,  Esq.,  The  Quinta,  Chirk,  had  very  excellent 
fruit,  that  was,  perhaps,  inadvertently  passed  over. 

Madresfield  Court  was  shown  by  Mr.  Loudon, 
and  was  the  only  exhibit  in  its  class. 

Muscat  of  Alexandria. — These  were  the  reverse  of 
good,  and  the  winning  bunches  were  small,  and  not 
matured.  Mr.  Middleton,  gr.  to  R.  Pilkington, 
E5q. ,  Rainford  Hall,  St.  Helens,  took  the  1st  prize; 
Mr.  McKellar,  gr.  to  J.  Watts,  Esq.,  Abney  Hall, 
Chester,  the  2d ;  Mr.  Loudon  3d,  with  the  best- 
ripened  bunches. 

Foster's  Seedling  was  shown  by  six  competitors, 
Mr.  G.  T.  Miles  being  1st  with  well-ripened  fruit ; 
2d,  Mr.  I'Anson. 

Any  oiher  variety. — Mr.  Loudon  took  the  1st 
prize  with  Golden  Champion,  the  bunches  being  large 
and  green ;  zd,  Mr.  Chuck,  gr.  to  P.  Thellusson, 
Esq  ,  Brodsworth  Hall,  Doncaster,  with  small  bunches 
of  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  also  unripe. 

Baskets  oj  Grapes. — 1st,  Mr.  I'Anson,  with  Black 
Hamburghs  ;  2d,  Mr.  Tugwood,  gr.  to  J.  G.  Morris, 
Esq.,  Allerton  Priory;  3d,  Mr.  Elsworthy,  gr.  to 
A.  R.  Gladstone,  Esq.,  Court  Hey — the  fruit  very 
much  robbed  of  its  bloom. 

Pine-apples,  two  fruits.— Mt.  G.  T.  Miles,  took 
1st  prize  lor  (Queens  ;  Mr.  Parker,  2d,  with  the  same 
kind  ;  and  Mr.  Morris,  gr.  to  A.  P.  Vivian,  Esq., 
Glenafon,  South  Wales,  with  fine  examples  scarcely 
inferior  to  the  second  pair. 

Single  Pine  apple. — Here  Mr.  Miles  was  Ist,  and  in 
the  any  variety  class,  Mrs.  Horsfall,  Aigburth,  was 
Ist  with  the  only  fruit  shown,  a  small  Black  Jamaica. 

Peaches,  t-wo  dishes  of  six  fruits  each. — 1st,  Mr. 
Divers,  2d,  Mr.  Goodacre,  3d,  Mr.  J.  Stoney,  gr.  to 
Sir  Thomas  Earl,  Bart.,  Allerton  Towers. 

Single  dish  of  Peaches. — Mr.  Wallis,  gr.  Keele 
Hall,  was  1st  ;  Mr.  Oilman.  2d  ;  Mr.  Storey,  3d. 

Nectarines ,  two  dishes. — Mr.  Jamieson,  gr.  to  Earl 
Crawford  and  Balcarres,  Haigh  Hall,  1st  ;  and  Mr. 
Bannerman,  Wigan,  was  2d  ;   Mr.  Oilman,  3d. 

Single  dish  of  Nectarines. —  1st,  Mr.  Jameison  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Oilman  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  gr.  to  F.  Whil- 
bourne,  Esq.,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford.  Varieties  of 
Peaches  shown  were — Early  Albert,  Stirling,  Royal 
George,  Grosse  Mignonne,  Galande,  and  Violet  Hative ; 
and  ol  Nectarines — Lord  Napier,  Pine-apple,  Violet 
Hative  and  Downton. 

Strawberries,  three  dishes. — These  fruits  were  large 
and  well  coloured,  especially  Marguerite,  President, 
Sir  J.  Paxton.  Mr.  Garraway,  Bath,  was  winner  of 
the  Ist  prize  with  the  above  sorts  ;  Mr.  Iggulden, 
2d,  with  fruit  rather  smaller. 

For  a  single  dish  of  Strawberries,  Mr.  W.  Wild- 
smith  took  the  Ist  prize  with  a  very  fine  dish  of 
President ;  and  Mr.  G.  Garraway  2nd,  with  Sir  J. 
Paxton. 

Cherries  two  dishes,  — These  fruits  were  not  seen  in 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


25 


great  quantity,  but  were  very  well  ripened.  Mr.  Hare, 
Esq.,  gr.  to  H.  H.  C.  Nevile,  Grantham,  was  1st, 
witti  Elton  and  Black  Circassian  ;  Mr.  Miles  was  2d. 
In  the  single  dishes  the  same  exhibitors  took  the 
prizes  in  similar  order,  and  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards 
the  3d  prize. 

Fig!.  —Mr.  Wallis  1st,  for  a  dish  of  Brown  Turkey, 
well  ripened  and  large  ;  Mr.  Jamieson  2d,  with  Lee's 
Prolific  ;  and  Mr.  Miles  3d,  with  Negro  Lirgo,  so 
that  the  three  best  varieties  of  Figs  were  represented 
in  the  winning  dishes. 

Melons. — Of  these  there  were  fifteen  couples  ;  Mr. 
Bailey,  Frome,  Somerset,  1st,  for  Longleat  Perfec- 
tion, a  sort  like  Eistnor  Castle  in  appearance  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Gilman,  with  a  sort  unnamed. 

In  Messrs.  Suttons'  competition  Mr.  Goodacre  was 
the  winner  of  the  1st  prize,  with  Hero  of  Lockinge  ; 
Mr.  N.  E.  Owen  was  2d,  and  Mr.  Iggulden  3-1,  with 
the  same  ;  Mr.  Lockie,  gr.,  Oakley  Court,  Wmdsor  ; 
Mr.  Lyon,  gr.,  Rockferry ;  and  Mr.  G.  Park,  gr.  to 
Coi.  Parington,  Wigan,  taking  the  prizes  in  the  order 
of  their  names  for  Melon  Blenheim  Orange. 

AppUs  in  excellent  condition  came  from  Messrs. 
Cheal  &  Sons,  Crawley,  Sussex  ;  twenty  sorts  were 
shown,  French  Crab,  Gloria  Mundi,  and  Norfolk 
Beefing  being  the  soundest  fruit. 

Messrs.  Thomas  Rivers  &  Sons  had  a  very  vigor- 
ous and  clean  lot  of  fruit  trees  in  pots  bearing  heavy 
crops,  many  of  them  in  a  ripening  condition.  Espe- 
cially noticeable  were  the  Cherries,  Oranges,  Lemons, 
Nectarines,  and  Peaches.  Small  pyramids  in  pots 
were  also  shown  with  several  fruits  on  each.  They 
were  awarded  a  medal. 

Vegetables. 
We  did  Dot  think  these  were  so  good  as  they 
might  have  been,  many  of  the  samples  shown  being 
small  ;  and  the  entries  were  by  no  means  so  numerous 
as  the  encouragement  offered  warranted  us  in  expect- 
ing. 

Collection  of  eii^ht  kinds,  distinct.  —  1st,  Mr.  G.  T. 
Miles,  gr.  Wycombe  Abbey  ;  in  this  the  Veilch's  Early 
Cauliflowers,  White  Elephant  Onions,  Canadian 
Wonder  Beans,  Pride  of  the  Market  Peas,  were  good, 
especially  the  first  named.  2d,  Mr.  Richards,  Somer- 
ley,  this  contained  good  things,  the  weak  points  being 
the  Cauliflowers  and  Polatos.  Mr.  A.  Miller  and 
Mr.  G.  Garraway,  were  placed  equal  3d,  so  that  four 
out  of  the  five  collections  shown  received  prizes. 

Potatos,  three  dishes.  —  1st,  Mr.  F.  Miller,  gr.  to  J. 
Friend,  Esq.,  Margate,  Kent  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Richards.  The  sorts  shown  were  First  and 
Best,  Pride  of  the  Market,  Royal  Ashleaf,  Snowdrop, 
Porter's  Excelsior,  and  Sutton's  Ringleader. 

Single  dish  of  Potatos  — Mr.  Goodacre  was  1st, 
with  a  capital  one  of  Ashleaf  Kidney ;  2d,  Mr. 
Miles;  3d,  Mr.  Oldfield,  gr..  Chirk  Castle,  Ruabon. 
Beauty  of  Hebron  and  Snowdrop  being  shown  by  the 
last-named  competitors. 

Peas,  three  varieties,  fifty  pods  o]  each.— "Wit  Peas 
were  not  well  filled,  for  which  the  ungenial  weather 
experienced  till  quite  recently  is  responsible.  In  this 
class  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward.  gr.  to  Earl  Radnor,  Long- 
ford Castle,  was  1st  ;  Mr.  Iggulden  2J,  Mr.  Miles  3d. 
Peas,  single  dish.  —  Mr.  Miles  was  Isl,  Mr.  H. 
Richards  2d,  and  Mr.  Downham  3d,  The  sorts 
shown  were — Telephone,  William  I.,  Telegraph,  and 
Pride  of  the  Market. 

Twelve  Onions. — Of  these,  three  dishes  were 
shown,  Mr.  Miles  being  1st,  with  White  Elephant ; 
Mr.  Richards  2d,  and  Mr.  J.  Garland,  Exeter,  3d. 

Cabbages,  three  heads. — These  were  not  over  large, 
but  seemed  to  be  of  good  quality ;  1st,  Mr.  T 
Wilkins  :  3d,  Mr.  J.  Garland. 

Cauliflowers,  three  heads.—T^e.  examples  of  these 
were  neither  very  good  nor  numerous.  The  prizes 
fell  to  Mr.  Wilkins.  Mr.  J-  Barnett,  The  Deepdene, 
Dorking  ;  and  to  Mr.  W.  Iggulden. 

Toinatos,  twelve  fruits. — The  display  of  these 
favourites  was  a  good  one,  and  added  much  to  the 
interest  of  this  tent ;  1st,  Mr.  Elsworthy,  with 
Trophy;  2d,  Mr.  Bridge,  with  the  same  kind  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Long,  Rockferry,  with  Dedham  Favourite — a 
fine  lot,  apparently  misplaced. 

Cucumbers  one  brace. — Many  of  these  in  great 
variety  were  shown;  ist,  Mr.  Osen,  with  All  the 
Year  Round  ;  Mr.  Oldfield  2d,  and  Mr.  Leigh  3d, 
both  with  Telegraph. 

Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons'  Prizes. 

These  gentlemen  offer  liberal  prizes  for  the  best 
collections  of  twelve  kinds  of  vegetables,  and  the 
competition  for  these  was  very  spiriied. 

Mr.  Miles  loik  the  lit  prize,  with  a  superior  lot  of 
Cauliflowers,  Kidney  Beans,  Tomatos,  Marrows, 
Peas,  Turnips,  &c.  ;  Mr,  J.  Garland  was  2d,  Mr. 
Miller  3d,  Mr.  Iggulden  4th,  Mr.  Lambert  5th, 
and  Mr.  Wickens,  Blandford  6ih.  Mr.  Richards, 
Somerley,  got  disqualified  by  reason  of  his  showing 
two  dishes  of  Potatos,  but  really  deserved  a  prize  for 
the  excellence  of  his  productions. 

Implement  E.xiubition. 

Modes  of  heating  a  small  conservatory  from  10 — 

20  feet  long.     The  Silver  Medal  of  the  Society  was 


awarded  to  Messrs.  R.  Halliday  &  Co.,  Middleton, 
Manchester  ;  and  the  Bronze  Medal  to  Messrs.  Mes- 
senger &  Co.,  Loughborough. 

First-class  Certificates  were  given  in  this  competi- 
tion to  Mr.  Sam  Deards,  Harlow  ;  and  to  Mr.  J. 
Watson,  St.  Alban's,  for  a  mode  of  heating  with  gas, 
modes  of  fixing  hot-water  piping,  valves,  &c. 

The  Silver  Medal  was  granted  to  Messrs.  Foster  & 
Pearson,  Bieston.  Notts,  for  a  collection  of  valves, 
new  pipe  joints,  &c.  ;  and  a  Bronze  Medal  to  Messrs. 
Messenger  for  piping  and  valves,  flanges,  &c.  ;  plant- 
house,  or  vinery,  or  orchard-house. 

Messrs.  Foster  &  Pearson  secured  the  Silver  Medal 
for  a  plant-house;  a  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  to 
Messrs.  Richardson  &  Co..  Darlington,  for  a  forcing- 
house  ;  and  to  Messrs.  R.  Halliday  &  Co.,  Middleton, 
Manchester,  for  span  and  lean-to  houses  ;  Messrs. 
A.  Peel  &  Sons,  Wood  Green,  London,  received  the 
Bronze  Medal  for  a  plant-house  (portable) ;  the  same 
award  was  made  to  Messrs,  Wrinch  &  Sons,  Ipswich. 
A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  Lowe  & 
Sons,  Chester  Road,  Manchester,  for  greenhouses, 
vineries,  &c. ;  and  they  were  Commended  for  a  port- 
able house  with  boiler  and  house  complete. 

Messrs.  Stewart  &  Jack  received  a  Bronze  Medal 
and  were  Commended  for  a  cheap  small  bouse 
(portable). 

Movable  Pits  and  Frames.— Mt.  John  Webster, 
Prince  Allred  Road,  Wavertree,  obtained  a  Silver 
Medal  for  an  improved  garden  frame  ;  Messrs.  Foster 
&  Pearson  a  similar  award  for  a  movable  plant-house  ; 
and  Messrs.  J.  Crespin  &  Sons,  58,  Milk  Street,  Bristol, 
a  Bronze  Medal  for  a  portable  frame,  and  for  a  propa- 
gating case. 

Improvements  in  Glazing.  —  There  were  many 
systems  shown  of  these  desiderata,  Messrs.  J.  Crespin 
&  Sons  being  awarded  the  Bronze  Medal  lor  Hum's 
Patent  Automatic  Ventilator  ;  Mr.  S-  Deards,  the 
Silver  Medal  lor  the  patent  "Victoria"  dry  glazing. 

Hand  Mowers.— T\se  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  to 
Messrs.  Chadhorn  &  Coldwell.  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, 223,  Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G. 
(Mr.  Thos.  Clarke,  manager),  for  Excelsior  Hand- 
power  Mower.  The  machine  is  provided  with  a  seat 
for  the  driver,  and  shafts  or  traces  can  be  atached. 
The  New  Mjdel,  a  hand  machine,  has  exceedingly 
light  draught,  cuts  grass  of  any  height,  and  does  not 
rib,  besides  having  other  advantage  for  garden  use. 
Messrs.  Birlord  &  Perkins  received  the  Silver 
Medal  for  the  Godiva  Mower,  for  eveness  of  work. 

Garden  Cutlery.— K  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded 
to  Messrs.  Glassy  &  Co.,  54,  Victoria  Street,  Liver- 
pool, for  implements  used  in  the  garden. 

Garden  Pottery.— \U.  John  Matthews  received  the 
Silver  Medal  lor  his  deservedly  much  appreciated 
pots,  vases,  &c.,  and  also  Mr.  J.  Crute,  14,  Knight- 
rider  Street,  London,  E.G.,  for  concave-bottomed 
pottery,  rustic  work  in  clay,  window  boxes,  tiles,  &c. 
The  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  Glassy  & 
Co.,  for  garden  tools ;  and  turf  lifting  machinery,  by 
Mr.  F.  T.  Drummond,  Colon  Hall,  Bridgnorth,  was 
commended.  Messrs.  Leedham  &  Heaton,  Leeds, 
obtained  a  Bronze  Medal  for  tools ;  and  Dr.  H. 
Sweete,  Worcester  was  Commended  for  a  patent 
handy  bedding  and  potting  barrow. 

VVircivork.  —A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Peake  &  Sons,  for  training  arches  ; 
and  a  Silver  Medal  to  Mr.  J.  Braham,  104,  Dale 
Street,  Liverpool,  fjr  a  varied  lot  of  wirework.  A 
Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  Brookes  &  Co  , 
4,  Cateaton  Street,  Manchester,  (or  wire  rosery, 
arches,  &c. 

Garden  Seals,  C/;<r(;j.— Silver  Medals  to  Mr.  H. 
Cfflsar,  and  a  Bronze  Medal  to  Messrs.  Wrench 
&  Sons. 

A  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  J.  Davis  & 
Co.,  6,  Keonington  Park  Road,  London,  for  meteo- 
rological exhibits  of  a  varied  kind. 

Garden  Engines.  — ■  Messrs.  Barford  &  Perkins 
received  a  Bionze  Medal  for  patent  water  ballast 
garden  rollers. 

Decorations  for  Conservatories, — Messrs.  Halliday 
&  Co.,  a  Bronze  Medal  for  flooring  tiles. 

Garden  Tenting,  Shading. — Mr.  J.  Unite,  291, 
293.  Edgeware  Road,  London,  obtained  a  Silver 
Medal  fir  these  articles,  of  which  a  large  assortment 
was  observed.  Commended  were  Messrs.  W.  Rich- 
ardson &  Co.,  Darlington,  for  their  Parisian  green- 
house blinds,  made  of  wood  and  zinc  only.  Mr.  J. 
Pinches,  27,  Oxendon  Street,  London,  was  Com- 
mended for  a  series  of  useful  garden  labels  of  metal. 

Other  objects  not  included  in  the  above  classes 
were  Teak-wood  tubs  and  Orchid  baskets  by  Mr. 
P.  B.  Harkin,  22,  Button  Street,  Liverpool,  who 
was  Commended.  Mr.  E.  Sydney,  who  showed 
parcel  post  flower  and  fiuit  boxes,  was  also  Com- 
mended ;  Mr.  G.  Frieland,  for  a  new  insecticide  ; 
Messrs.  W.  Richardson  &  Co.,  for  glazed  wall  protec- 
tors ;  Mr.  G.  Bloxham,  gr.,  Brickhill  Manor,  Bletch- 
ley,  for  a  fumigator  of  simple  construction,  which 
has  the  property  of  sending  forth  the  smoke  in  a  cool 
state  ;  Messrs.  Bennett  Bros.,  Liverpool,  obtained  a 
Bronze  Medal  for  sundry  wirework,  garden  seats,  &c. ; 
and    Messrs.    Blake    &    Mackenzie,    School    Lane, 


Liverpool,  were  Commended  for  postal  flower  and 
plant  boxes  and  general  horticultural  printing  and 
seedsmen's  stationery. 

"Gardeners'  Chronicle"  Prizes. 
After  the  luncheon  on  Wednesday,  the  Fell  iws 
repaired  to  the  Conference  tent,  when  ihe  President, 
Sir  Trevor  Liwrence,  proceeded  to  announce  the 
awards  of  the  prizes  to  young  gardeners,  offered  by 
the  conductors  of  this  journal.  Sir  Trevor  prefaced 
his  remarks  by  a  statement  of  the  objects  of  the  prizes 
and  the  way  in  which  they  had  been  adjudicated.  As 
these  matters  have  been  often  alluded  10  in  previous 
numbers,  we  need  not  occupy  space  with  their  repeti- 
tion. Sir  Trevor  expressed  his  entire  concurrence 
with  the  objects  of  the  donors,  and  called  up  Mr, 
Harry  Bunyard  of  Chiswick,  to  receive  the  second 
prize,  the  other  laureates  not  being  present.  Mt. 
Bunyard's  appearance  was  made  the  signal  lor 
a  burst  of  apphuse,  the  greatest  interest  being  felt  in 
the  fact  that  the  second  prize  had  been  awarded  to  a 
Chiswick  gardener  for  a  very  good  and  very  well 
ilbstrated  paper.  Three  cheers  were  call-d  for  for 
Mr.  Bunyard.  three  more  for  Chiswick,  filliwed,  on 
the  proposition  of  Mr.  Shiihy  Hibbetd  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Magazine,  by  a  cheer  for  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle. 

The  President  then  calhd  on  Professor  Pynaert,  of 
the  Ghent  School  of  Horticulture,  to  make  some  ob- 
servations. 

M.  Pynaert,  speaking  in  French,  acknowhdged 
Ihe  cordial  welcome  he  and  the  foreign  visitors 
had  received,  expressed  his  satisfaction  at  being 
invited  to  take  part  in  such  a  fi'tc  d  intelli-^ence,  ap- 
pUuded,  in  terms  our  modesty  forbids  us  from  repro- 
ducing, the  spirit  of  progress  and  enterprise  manifested 
on  all  occasions  by  the  Gardeners'  Chionicle,  and 
especially  on  this  occasion  ;  and  then  proceeded  to 
give  some  details  as  to  the  two  schooh  of  horticulture 
in  Belgium— that  of  Ghent,  where  the  cubivation 
of  stove  phnts  and  the  principles  of  horticulural 
science  are  attended  to,  and  that  of  V.lvorde,  where, 
concurrently  with  instruc'ion  in  horticultural  science, 
pomobgy  was  specially  studied. 

[Visitors  to  the  Heakh  Exhibition  at  Kensington 
will  not  soon  forget  the  magnificent  model  of  the 
establishment  at  Vilvorde,  and  the  details  illrstrative 
of  the  scheme  of  instruction  ftlbwed  at  the  two 
Belgian  schooL], 

Prof.  Pynaert  incidentally  alluded  to  the  valae  of 
such  schools  by  pointing  to  a  phn  of  a  landscape 
garden  exhibited  on  the  present  occasion  by  Mr. 
A.  G.  Jackman  of  Woking,  a  former  pupil  of 
the  Ghent  school.  This  plan,  we  may  add,  secured 
a  prize  on  this  occasion,  and  will  shortly  be  illustrated 
in  these  column^, 

M.  JOLY,  ot  Paris,  in  an  interesting  speech  de- 
livered in  fluent  English,  said  that  he  had  made 
special  study  of  the  means  of  horticultural  education 
in  various  countries,  and  stated  that,  although  we 
had  no  schools  as  on  the  Continent,  nowhere 
were  plants  belter  cultivated  than  in  this  country. 
He  alluded  to  the  vast  importance  of  a  knowledge  of 
economic  entomology,  and  described  the  system 
followed  in  the  United  States,  where  each  S'ate  had 
its  entomologist,  the  whole  being  in  relation  to  a 
central  department  in  Washington  presided  over  by 
Professor  Riley.  He  pointed  out  the  enormous 
advantages  thus  conferred  on  practical  horticul- 
turists and  agriculturists.  M.  Joly  then  alluded, 
in  terms  of  warmest  admiration  to  the  multitude 
of  well  organised  and  well  equipped  schools  ol 
horticulture  and  agricukure  in  Germany,  and  attri- 
buted the  great  strides  Germany  was  making  in  all 
departments,  scientilic,  practical,  and  commercial,  to 
the  general  distribution  over  the  whole  country  of 
schools  of  science  of  such  excellence.  If  other 
countries  were  not  to  be  abimes  in  these  matters  they 
must  put  themselves  on  a  level  with  the  far  more 
advanced  systems  ol  scientific  education  followed  in 
Germany. 

Dr.  Masters  asked  to  be  allowed  to  express  his 
satisfaction  at  the  result  of  the  examinations,  and  to 
tender  his  thanks  to  the  President  for  awarding  the 
prizes,  and  to  the  Fellows  present  for  their  sympathy 
with  the  objects  of  the  meeting,  making  special 
allusion  to  his  sense  of  the  sympathy  and  encourage- 
ment accorded  to  him  by  the  presence  of  his  fellow 
journalists.  Dr.  Masters  further  alluded  to  the  vital 
necessity  for  gardeners  to  make  themselves  acquainted 
with  the  working  of  the  machinery  they  were  called 
on  to  direct  and  control,  and  alluded  to  the  back- 
ward state  of  knowledge  in  physiological  matters 
among  many  gardeners,  and  to  the  obstinate  preva- 
lence among  them  of  fallacies  and  errors  as  to  root- 
structure  and  action,  fallacies  which  had  been 
exploded  long  ago.  He  alluded  in  particular  to  the 
wonderful  organisation  and  properties  of  the  tips 
of  the  roots  as  made  known  by  Darwin,  and  echoed 
his  words  as  to  the  existence  in  that  situation  of  a 
controlling  force  and  sensibility  to  impressions 
comparable  in  a  degree  only  to  the  brain  of 
animals.  He  warmly  urged  the  necessity  for 
further     knowledge     of    physiology    as     a     guide 


26 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  3,  1886. 


to  cultivators,  in  the  absence  of  wViich  they 
would  be  utterly  unable  to  adapt  themselves  to  the 
new  conditions  and  new  circumstances  of  the  times, 
and  would,  as  M.  Joly  said,  be  left  behind  in  ihe  race 
by  nations  more  advanced  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge 
and  ils  application  to  practical  purposes. 

Dr.  Masters  then  proposed  a  vole  of  thanks  to 
the  exbibiiois  and  judges,  pointing  out  the  debt  of 
Rtatiiude  due  to  them  lot  their  ample  fulfilmeDt  of 
what  was  a  vital  condition  of  success  on  such  occa- 
sions. 

Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  in  responding,  pointed  out 
that  he  was  only  one  among  many,  and  alluded  in 
graceful  terms  to  Ihe  Liverpool  exhibitors  and  those 
from  elsewhere. 

Mr,  BURiuuGE  also  acknowledged  the  compliment, 
and  staled  how  their  labours  had  been  encouraged  by 
the  excellence  of  the  exhibits,  and  facilitated  by  the 
efforts  of  the  staff. 

I'rofessot  Michael  Foster  proposed  a  special 
vote  of  thanks  to  the  horticulturists  and  exhibitors  of 
Liverpool,  and  alluded  to  their  strenuous  and  emi- 
nently successful  efforts  to  promote  the  success  of  the 
show. 

Mr.  Harvey,  in  responding,  spoke  of  the  plea- 
sure his  townsmen  felt  in  receiving  the  Royal  Hotti- 
culiural  Society,  but  expressed  some  regret  that  a 
hrger  number  of  exhibitors  from  the  South  had  not 
put  in  an  appearance  to  confirm  the  verdict  which  he 
and  others  who  visited  the  southern  shows  had  re- 
poried  to  their  fellow  townsmen.  Mr.  Harvey  gave 
an  interesting  summary  of  the  history  of  the  Liver- 
pool Botanic  Gardens,  and  of  the  progress  of  horti- 
culture and  botany  in  Liverpool,  alluding  to  the  Ros- 
coes,  the  Tyermans,  and  others  who  had  made  Liver- 
pool famous  in  the  annals  o(  horticulture.  He  alluded 
to  the  fact,  that  owing  to  its  position  many  plants 
of  great  interest  and  value  had  been  first  introduced 
into  I^iverpool  by  Liverpool  men,  including  Catlleya 
Miissia;,  named  after  a  lady  belonging  to  «  family 
well  known  in  Liverpool. 

Dr.  Hogg  proposed  a  cordial  vote  of  thanks  to  Sir 
T.  Lawrence  lor  presiding  on  this  occasion,  and  for 
his  presence  at  Liverpool  when  urgent  private  affairs 
might  have  served  as  an  adequate  excuse  for  his 
absence. 

Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  in  replying,  alluded  to 
the  debt  the  public  owed  to  the  gardeners  for  the  im- 
provement of  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables,  due  to 
their  exertion,  and  claimed  for  the  old  Society  no  in- 
considerable share  in  the  promotion  of  the  present 
condition  of  horticulture  in  this  country.  He  con- 
cluded by  gracefully  expressing  the  thanks  of  the 
Society  to  Mr.  Barron,  Mr.  Dick,  and  the  staff  gene- 
rally, and  also  to  Mr.  Richardson,  Mr.  Ker,  and 
others,  without  whose  energetic  and  well-directed 
labours,  the  success  they  had  achieved  could  not  have 
been  compassed. 

The  Dinner. 

The  dinner  offered  by  the  Council  to  the  Mayor  of 
Liverpool  was  held  on  Wednesday  evening  at  Wood's 
Pavilion,  in  the  Liverpool  International  Exhibition. 
The  Hon.  and  Rev.  j.  T.  Boscawen  presided,  and 
among  those  present  were  Sit  David  Radcliffe  (Mayor 
o(  Liverpool),  Major  Mason,  Messrs.  P.  H.  Rath- 
bone,  Holbrook,  Gaskell,  Prange,  Haughton,  Lee, 
Pilkington,  Lee  Bapty,  Barrow,  Richardson,  Dr. 
Hogg,  and  others.  The  dinner  being  over  the  Chair- 
roan  read  a  letter  of  apology  from  the  President  of 
the  Society,  in  which  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  expressed 
his  regret  that,  owing  to  an  important  election  en- 
gagement, he  was  unable  to  be  present  that  night. 
Letters  apologising  for  non-attendance  were  also  read 
from  the  Duke  of  Westminster,  LordSefton,  SirThomas 
Edwards  Moss,  Lord  Derby,  and  Lord  Lalhom.  The 
loyal  and  patriotic  toasts  having  been  honoured,  Mr, 
Wm.  Haughton,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Society,  gave 
"The  Health  of  the  Mayor  of  Liverpool,"  which  was 
received  with  loud  applause.  In  acknowledging  the 
compliment,  the  Mayot  proposed  the  health  of  the 
Chairman,  which  was  well  received.  The  toast 
having  been  acknowledged  in  a  suitable  manner,  Mr. 
Lee,  the  Secretary  to  the  Society,  gave  the  health  of 
the  foreign  visitors,  which  was  responded  to  by  MM. 
J.  Von  Volxemand  Pynaert  Von  Geert.  The  "Visitors' 
Health  "  was  next  given,  and  responded  to  by  Mr. 
Prange,  alter  which  the  proceedings  terminated. 


DENDROlilUM  crvstallinum,  Rchb.  f.  —  A 
remarkably  fine  individual  is  in  the  hands  of 
Mr.  H.  f.  Ross,  Castagnolo  a  Lastra  e  Signa,  near 
Florence.  The  sepals  and  petals  have  fine  purple 
spots.  There  is  no  large  spot  at  the  apex  of  the 
lateral  sepals.  The  lip  is  shorter  and  rounder,  but  of 
the  usual  colour.  The  question  is  whether  it  will 
keep  constant,  and  whether  more  individuals  of  the 
same  kind  will  reappear.  In  such  a  case  a  name 
would  be  desirable.  I  have  not  seen  the  character- 
istic anther,  but  there  is  no  doubt  of  the  plant  being 
rightly  referred  to  Dendtobium  crystallinum.  H.  G, 
Rchb.  f. 


YORK    GALA  :    June  23,  24,  and  25. 

This  show  was  the  best  the  Society  has  had  for 
some  years,  with  the  exception  of  the  class  for  cut 
Roses,  which  flowers  have  been  so  retarded  in  their 
blooming  by  the  unprecedented  continuance  of  cold 
sunless  weather,  that  few  of  the  growers,  even  in  the 
southern  parts  ol  the  kingdom  were  capable  of  putting 
in  an  appearance.  Orchids  were  shown  in  beautiful 
condition,  and  in  much  greater  numbers  than  they 
have  been  on  any  previous  occasion  at  York.  This  was 
owing  to  the  exertions  of  the  Secretary,  Mr.  Wilson. 
The  number  of  people  that  may  be  seen  crowding 
round  the  groups  of  Orchids  at  any  exhibition  is 
evidence  of  the  interest  that  is  taken  in  them  by  chose 
even,  who  understand  little  about  them.  Noting 
this,  Mr.  Wilson  got  up  a  subscription  amongst  a  few 
friends  for  special  prizes.  The  amount  raised  ({,25) 
was  offered  independent  of  the  prizes  in  the  usual 
classes  for  these  plants.  So  well  satisfied  were  the 
committee  with  the  response  made  by  the  exhibitors, 
that  the  Sheriff  of  York  proposed  that  the  amount 
offered  in  special  prizes  for  Orchids  be  doubled  next 
year,  and  ^30  ol  the  money  was  subscribed  on  the 
spot.  Stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  including  flower- 
ing and  fine-foliaged  kinds,  were  present  in  excellent 
condition.  Pelargoniums,  as  usual  at  York,  were 
shown  in  beautiful  order,  reminding  us  of  the  way 
these  plants  were  brought'out  at  the  metropolitan  exhi- 
bitions in  times  past. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  open  class  of  sixteen,  ten  in  bloom  and  six  fine- 
foliage,  Mr.  Lens,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Zetland,  Aske  Hall, 
Richmond,  Yorks,  took  rst,  with  a  fresh,  well-flowered 
group,  his  best  blooming  examples  being  Pho^nocoma 
prolifera,  large  and  full  of  flowers  ;  a  grand  specimen  of 
Erica  depressa.  E.  tricolor  Wilsoni,  Ixora  Williamsii, 
finely  bloomed,  and  a  couple  of  specimens  of  Anthurium 
Scherzerianum  ;  the  most  noteworthy  of  the  foliage 
specimens  were  Encephalartos  villosus,  Kentia  Fos- 
teriana,  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  and  C.  Weismanni. 
Mr.  Cypher,  Cheltenham,  who  was  a  good  zd.  had, 
amongst  others,  Ixora  regina,  I.  Williamsii,  both 
fine  :  Erica  tricolor  Wilsoni,  E.  affinis,  and  Darvvinia 
tulipifera  ;  3d,  Mr.  Berry,  gr.  to  .\lderman  Dove,  York. 

Sixstove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom  (amateurs). — 
ist,  Mr.  Letts,  whose  most  noteworthy  specimens  here 
were  Ixora  Fraseri,  I.  Williamsi,  and  Dracophyllum 
gracile  ;  2d,  Mr.  Johnston,  gr.  to  ].  B.  Hodgkin,  Esq., 
Darlington,  who,  with  others,  had  nice  plants  of  Aphe- 
lexis  macrantha  rosea,  Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  and 
Phoenocoma  prolifera. 

Three  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs). — ist, 
Mr.  Adams,  Newcastle,  Erica  tricolor  Wilsoni  and 
Anthurium  Scherzerianum  being  the  best  ;  2d,  Mr. 
James  Sunley,  gr.  to  W.  N.  Champion,  Esq.,  Halifax. 

Three  Heaths.— ist,  Mr.  Cypher,  staging  medium- 
sized  plants  of  Erica  tricolor  Wilsoni,  E.  ampullacea 
obbata,  and  E.  ventricosagrandiflora ;  2d,  Mr.  Johnston. 

Fine-Foliage  Plants 
were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Mclntyre,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Gurney- 
Pease,  Darlington,  and  Mr.  Cypher,  who,  in  a  close 
run,  took  ist  and  2d  in  the  open  class  for  six  in  the 
order  of  their  name  ;  Mr.  Noble,  gr.  to  T.  Fry,  Esq., 
Darlington,  who  also  exhibited  well,  was  3d. 

Three  fine-foliage  plants.— ist,  Mr.  Letts,  who  had  a 
couple  of  Kenlias  and  a  fine  specimen  of  Cordyline 
indivisa  ;  2d,  Mr.  RoUinson,  gr.  to  W.  Bateraan,  Esq., 
Harrogate. 

Four  Crotons.— ist,  Mr.  Letts,  with  large  well  fur- 
nished examples  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mclntyre. 

Four  Dracaenas. — ist,  Mr.  Noble,  who  had  well 
grown  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Johnston. 

Ferns. 

In  the  open  class  for  six  varieties  Mr.  Johnston  took 
the  lead  with  fine  specimens  of  Gleichenia  Mendeli,  G. 
rupestris,  Davallia  Mooreana,  D.  fijiensis,  Dicksonia 
antarctica,  and  Adiantum  Farleyense  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mclntyre, 
who  in  a  good  half-dozen  had  beautiful  examples  of 
Adiantum  siculum,  A.  Williamsii  and  Davallia  bullata. 

Three  Ferns. --ist.  Mr.  Noble,  with  good  plants  of 
Goniophlebium  subauriculatum,  Davallia  Mooreana,  and 
Gleichenia  Mendelii  ;  2d.  Mr.  Mclntyre. 

Single  Tree  Fern.— rst,  Mr.  Nash,  gr.  to  Captain 
Starkey,  York,  with  a  fine  specimen  of  Dicksonia 
antarctica  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Simpson,  Selby. 

Hardy  Ferns,  as  usual,  at  York  were  beautifully  shown, 
Mr.  W.  R.  Robinson.  York,  being  a  long  way  ahead  in 
the  class  for  ten.  having  with  others  very  large  and  fresh 
examples  of  Adiantum  pedatum,  Athyrium  plumosum, 
Polypodium  phegopteris,  Trichomanes  radicans,  and 
Osmunda  regalis  cristata  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  H.  Rodwell, 
York. 

Six  hardy  Ferns. — Here  also  Mr.  W.  R.  Robinson  was 
ist,  with  large  fresh  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  H.  Rodwell. 

Orchids. 
With  twelve,  in  the  open  class,  Mr.  Hill.  gr.  to  J. 
Hardy.  Esq.,  Timperley,  Manchester,  took 'a  decided 
lead,  showing  a  fine  dozen  containing  splendid  plants  of 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  both  the  dark  and  the  light 
coloured  varieties,  each  2^  feet  in  diameter,  masses  of 
flowers  ;  good  specimens  of  dark  and  light  forms  of 
Cattleya  Mossise,  C.  Mendelii,  Laslia  purpurata,  Cypri- 
pedium  Stonei,  C.  barbatum,  and  Dendrohium  fim- 
briatum  oculatum  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cypher,  who  had  a  good 
collection,  the  best  of  which  were  Saccolabium  gutta- 
tum,  with  unusually  fine  spikes  ;  Dendrohium  Dearei, 


large  and  (finely  bloomed;  lEpidendrum  vitellinum,  a 
good  variety  of  Cattleya  Mendelii,  Cypripedium  laevi- 
gatum,  and  a  good  specimen  of  Odontoglossum  vexil- 
larium ;  3d,  Mr.  Mitchell,  gr.  to  Dr.  Ainsworth,  Man- 
chester. 

Eight  Orchids  (open).— Here  again  Mr.  Hill  had  ist 
honours,  staging  in  this  class  also  a  grand  lot  of  plants, 
the  most  noteworthy  of  which  were  a  large  profusely 
flowered  example  of  Cattleya  Mossise,  C.  Mendelii, 
beautifully  bloomed  ;  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum,  C. 
Parishii,  Masdevallia  Harryana,  and  Vanda  suavis.  2d, 
Mr.  Cypher,  whose  group  contained  Anguloa  Clowesii, 
Dendrohium  suavissimum,  and  an  immense  specimen  of 
Epidendrum  viteHinum  ;  3d,   Mr.  Mitchell. 

Four  Orchids  (amateurs).— ist,  Mr.  James  Sunley, 
with  well-flowered  plants  of  Dendrohium  devonianum, 
D.  densiflorum,  Cypripedium  barbatum,  and  Odonto- 
glossum crispum  ;  2d,  Mr,  John  Sunley,  South  Milford  ; 
3d,  Mr.  RoUinson. 

Single  Orchid.— ist,  Mr.  Letts,  with  a  large  and 
finely  bloomed  specimen  of  Aerides  odoratum  pur- 
puratum  bearing  some  thirty  spikes  ;  2d,  Mr.  Nash,  who 
had  a  well  flowered  plant  of  Saccolabium  guttatum. 

Pelargoniums 
were  not  quite  so  numerous   as  usual  here,  but  were 
shown  in  fine  condition. 

With  twelve  show  varieties  Mr.  Eastwood,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Tetley,  Leeds,  was  well  in  front  with  specimens  from 
3  to  4  feet  in  diameter  and  densely  flowered,  the  most 
noteworthy  being  Albino,  Madame  Hilaire,  Pericles, 
Triomphe  de  St.  Mande,  Queen  Bess,  and  Kingston 
Beauty  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mcintosh,  gr.  to  J.  T.  Hingston, 
whose  plants  were  well  flowered  but  smaller  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Vear,  gr.  to  Miss  Steward. 

Six  show  varieties.— ist,  Mr.  Eastwood— here  like- 
wise staging  large  finely  bloomed  examples. 

Three  show  varieties.— With  these  also  Mr.  Eastwood 
scored  ist  honours  with  plants  of  a  similar  description 
to  those  he  had  in  the  larger  classes. 

Twelve  zonals.— These  were  quite  equal  to  the  larger 
flowered  sorts  in  size  and  condition,  Mr.  Eastwood 
being  a  good  ist,  staging  large  plants  covered  with  well 
developed  flowers  ;  2d,  Messrs  Pybus  &  Son,  Ripon, 
who  also  staged  a  fine  dozen  ;  3d,  Mr.   Mactintosh. 

Six  zonals.— ist,  Mr.  Eastwood  ;  2d,  Mr.  Vear. 

The  ist  prizes  in  the  classes  for  six  and  for  three  fancy 
Pelargoniums  were  taken  by  Mr.  Eastwood. 

Six  variegated  varieties. — ist,  Messrs.  Pybus  &  Son. 

Six  bronze  Pelargoniums.— ist,  Mr.  J.  Bellerby. 

Fuchsias 
were  well  represented,  there  being  some  half-dozen  ex- 
hibitors in  the  class  for   six,  Mr.  J.   Bellerby  taking  1st 
honours  with   nicely   flowered  plants,    not    too    stiffly 
trained  ;  2d,  Mr.  Macintosh. 

Three  Fuchsias. — ist.  Miss  Wharton  ;  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Bellerby. 

Groups  qf  Miscellaneous  Plants  arranged  for 

Effect. 
'  These  were  a  leading  feature  of  the  show.  In  the  class 
for  groups  occupying  a  space  of  250  feet.  Mr.  Mclntyre 
took  the  lead  with  a  well  arranged  exhibit,  the  flowering, 
and  also  the  fine-leaved  plants  employed  being  alike 
suitable  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Simpson,  Selby,  who  likewise  had 
a  meritorious  group;  3d,  Mr.  Johnston. 

With  a  group  occupying  150  feet  Mr.  Mclntyre  was 
also  well  in  front  again,  staging  a  very  effective  arrange- 
ment ;  2d,  Mr.  Noble,  who  likewise  showed  well ;  3d, 
Mr.  Macintosh. 

Pot  Roses 
were  nicely  shown,  mostly    in    the  shape  of  medium 
sized  plants.     With  six  distinct  varieties  (open)  Messrs. 
Pybus  &  Son,    Ripon,   were  ist.   having  a  pretty  half- 
dozen  ;  zd.  Messrs.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Bedale. 

Nine  Roses,  in  8-inch  pots  (open).— ist,  Messrs. 
Jackson  &  Co.  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Pybus  &  Son. 

Filteen  Roses,  in  8-inch  pots  (open).— ist,  Messrs. 
Pybus  &  Son  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Jackson  &  Co. 

Six  Roses  (amateurs). — ist,  Mr.  Eastwood,  who  bad 
well-flowered  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Vear. 

Three  Roses.— ist,  Mr.  Vear. 

Six  Tea  Roses. — ist,  Messrs.  Pybus  &  Son  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Vear. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  was  a  thin  show  of  cut  Roses.  With  forty- 
eight  (open),  Mr.  May,  Hope  Nurseries,  Bedale,  took 
ist,  Mr.  Eastwood  being  2d. 

Thirty-six  (open).— ist.  Mr.  May  ;  2d,  Mr.  House, 
Peterborough. 

Twenty-four  (open),— ist,  Mr.  May  ;  2d,  Mr.  East- 
wood. 

Twelve  white  and  yellow  Roses.— ist,  Mr.  Eastwood. 

Twelve  Tea  varieties.  —  ist,  Mr.  Dawe,  Newent, 
Gloucestershire. 

Eighteen  Roses  (amateurs). — ist,  Mr.  Eastwood. 

Twelve  (amateurs).— ist,  Mr.  Vear. 

Basket  of  Roses. — ist,  Mr.  House. 

Two  bridal  bouquets.— ist,  Mr.  Cypher;  2d,  Mr. 
Mclntyre. 

Two  ball  bouquets.— ist,  Mr.  Cypher ;  2d,  Mr. 
Mclntyre. 

Twelve  bunches  of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers. — 
ist,  Mr.  Letts  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mclndoe,  gr.  to  Sir  J.  Pease, 
Guisborough. 

Twelve  bunches  hardy  herbaceous  flowers. — ist,  Mr. 
].  Holmes. 

Fruit. 

With  eight  dishes  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  gr.  to  Lord 
Carringlon,  Wycombe  Abbey,  took  ist,  staging  Madres- 
field  Court  Grapes,  small,  but  well  finished  ;  Buckland 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


27 


Sweetwater,  nice  bunches,  nicely  coloured ;  a  Queen 
Pine ;  Grosse  Mignonne  Peaches,  very  fine  ;  Lord 
Napier  Nectarines  ;  good  Black  Circassian  Cherries  ;  a 
good  dish  of  Negro  Large  Figs  ;  and  a  Longleat  Per- 
fection Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mclndoe  whose  best  dishes 
were  Bellegarde  Peaches,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines, 
Brown  Turkey  Figs,  and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes  ; 
Mr.  Dawes,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Meynell-Ingram, 
Templc-Newsome,  Leeds,  was  a  good  3d. 

Six  dishes. — ist,  Mr.  Dawes;  in  his  collection  was  a 
good  Queen  Pine,  Madresfield  Court  and  Foster's  Seed- 
ling Grapes,  both  in  good  condition  ;  finely  coloured 
Belle  Beauce  Peaches,  and  a  Longleat  Perfection 
Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mclndoe,  with,  amongst  others.  Black 
Hamburgh  Grapes,  Best  of  All  Melons,  and  a  nice  dish 
of  Brown  Turkey  Figs. 

Four  dishes —ist,  Mr.  Clayton,  gr.  to  J.  Fielden, 
Esq  ,  Grimston  Park,  with  k  bee  Peaches,  Violette 
Hative  Nectarines,  both  well  coloured  ;  Black  Ham- 
burgh Grapes,  and  a  fine  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Wallis,  gr.  to 
Sir  H.  M.  Thompson. 

Single  Pine.  —  rst,  Mr.  Clayton,  who  had  a  good 
Queen  ;  2d,  Mr.  Miles,  with  the  same  variety. 

Peaches  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Mclndoe  and  Mr. 
Wadds,  gr.  to  Lord  Middleton,  being  ist  and  2d  in  the 
order  ot  their  names. 

Dish  of  Nectarines. — ist,  Mr.  Black,  gr.  to  the  Misses 
Pease,  with  a  good  dish  of  Pine-apple  ;  2d,  Mr.  Miles, 
ihowing  Lord  Napier,  in  fine  condition. 

Three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes. — ist,  Mr. 
Hickson,  Tadcaster,  who  had  well  coloured  berries,  a 
little  thin  in  the  bunches  ;  2d,  Mr.  Wallis  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Alsop,  gr.  to  Lord  Hotham. 

Three  bunches  Muscats. — ist,  Mr.  Dawes. 

Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  any  other  variety. — 
ist,  Mr.  Alsop,  with  Buckland  Sweetwater,  good  bunches, 
in  beautiful  condition  ;  2d,  Mr.  Chuck,  gr.  to  P.  Thel- 
Uison,  Esq.,  Doncaster,  with  White  Tokay  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Miles. 

Strawberries  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Wadds  taking  ist, 
with  a  fine  dish  of  James  Veitch  ;  2d,  Mr.  Chuck,  with 
British  Queen. 

Cherries. — ist,  Mr.  Hare,  gr.  to  R.  H.  C.  Neville, 
Esq.,  with  Black  Tartarian,  a  beautiful  dish;  2d,  Mr. 
Miles. 

Figs. — ist,  Mr.  Mclndoe,  with  good  Brown  Turkey  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Miles,  with  Negro  Largo. 

White-fleshed  Melon. — ist,  Mr.  Blakey,  gr.  to  the 
Rev.  Canon  Newton,  Driffield,  with  a  good  fruit  of 
Exquisite  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mclntyre. 

Grecn-fleshed  Melon. — ist,  Mr.  Dawes  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Hare. 

Scarlet- fleshed  Melon. — ist,  Mr.  Chuck  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Miles. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  Nursery,  Upper  Hol- 
loway,  exhibited  a  very  fine  group  of  Orchids,  stove  and 
greenhouse  flowering  and  fine-leaved  plants. 

Fancy  Pansies  were  beautifully  shown  by  Messrs. 
Harkness  &  Son,  Bedale,  who  staged  over  half  a 
hundred  varieties — large  flowers,  prettily  marked,  and 
in  exceptionally  good  condition. 

Pansies  and  Violas  were  also  well  shown  by  Messrs. 
Kent  &  Brydon,  Darlington ;  Pansies  by  Mr.  W. 
Knight,  Middlesborough. 

Messrs.  y.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  had.  as  usual,  a 
fine  stand  of  cut  Begonias,  double  and  single  varieties. 


THE     SCOTTISH     PANSY. 

This  Society  held  its'.forty-second  annual  show  in  the 
Oddfellows'  Hall,  Forrest  Road,  Edinburgh,  on  the 
i8ih  inst.  The  severity  and  prolonged  continuance  of 
the  bygone  winter,  and  the  harsh  winds  and  low  tem- 
perature of  the  spring  had  rendered  Pansy  cuhure 
extremely  precarious  and  difhcult  this  season.  Hopes 
of  a  good  show  and  of  flowers  of  first-class  quality 
being  brought  together,  were  therefore  not  very  high 
till  the  entries  began  to  come  in,  when  it  became 
clear  to  the  committee  that  the  muster  would  at  least 
be  a  good  one.  The  quality  of  the  individual  blooms 
was  also  fairly  good.  A  lack  of  smoothness  and 
cleanness  of  colouring  marked  many  samples  of 
fancies,  while  in  respect  of  size  and  substance  there 
was  a  noticeable  falling  off  in  the  blooms  of  show 
varieties,  which  in  the  circumstances  alluded  to  was 
quite  to  be  expected.  Vet  there  were  many  fine 
flowers,  and  the  show,  though  somewhat  below  the 
average  in  extent,  was  considered  a  very  good  one  on 
the  whole.  The  competition  by  ladies  for  honours  in 
table  decorations  exclusively  composed  of  Pansies, 
Violas,  and  Ferns,  and  other  light  greenery,  was 
keenly  contested,  considering  the  limited  materials 
prescribed,  the  table  on  which  these  exhibits  were 
displayed,  formed  a  very  attractive  feature  of  the 
show. 

The  leading  prizetakers  amongst  nurserymen  were 
Messrs.  Dickson  &  Co.,  of  Edinburgh,  who  excelled 
in  show  varieties  of  Pansies  and  in  bedding  Violas  ; 
Messrs.  Laird  &  Sons,  who  carried  off  the  1st  prize 
for  the  best  fancy  Pansy  with  a  fine  exhibit  of  Princess 
Beatrice;  Mr.  Sutherland,  Lenzie,  who  led  in  fancy 
Pansies  generally  ;  and  Mr.  Forbes,  Hawick,  who 
exhibited  the  twelve  best  seedling  Pansies.  X. 


STA  TE  OF  THE  WE  A  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LOXDON, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  June  30,  1886. 


Hygrome- 
tncal    De- 

Q 

Barometer. 

Temperature  op 
THE  Air. 

ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 

Edition 

Wind. 

ij 

1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  ol 
18  years. 

1 

1 

0    .2    . 

s2 

a. 
s 

Q 

y^  II 

&e". 

1 

June 

In.    1    In.        0    j    „    1    .    1    „ 

In. 

24 

398]   +0,0270  946  5*4  458  9 

+  2.0 

45.0 

59 

W. 

000 

»5 

2983   +O03  72,5  50-9'2i.66t.4 

+  0.3 

48.1 

65] 

vv.  sw. 

0.02 

36 

29.S8   +0.0776.5,52  0  !4.5|64  0 

+   2.S 

St  2 

6^ 

s.s.w. 

0.00 

'7 

33.O!   +0l8  7I.7]s3  4 

.8  362.3 

+    I.O 

460 

«f 

.S.S.W.  ; 
W.NW. 

0,00 

38 

3003   +0.21 

75-2 

53.0 

22.2[.3.7 

+   2.4 

46.8 

55 

E. 

000 

'0 

30.C6   +024 

79.8 

5'.S 

29-3  6SS 

+  42 

48.9 

5S 

E. 

0.00 

3» 

30  10   +028 

735 

S4.0 

19.562, 6 

+    1.4 

50.7 

66 

E. 

,.00 

Mean 

29  97  i+o-IS 

74.3 

S«.5 

22,852.0 

+    1.4 

,8.. 

60 

variable 

0.00 

June  24. — Very  fine  day, 

—  25. — Very  fine  day. 

—  26. — Fine  morning  :  very  fine  afternoon 

—  27. — Very  fine  morning  ;  overcast 

—  28. — Very  fine  day. 

—  29. — Very  fine  day. 

—  30. — \'ery  tine  day. 


.^fte^ 


It  is  stated  that  Mr.  E.  J.  Beale.  of  James  Carter 
&  Co.,  has  been  selected  as  a  candidate  on  Glad- 
stonian  principles  for  South  St.  Pancras,  in  opposition 
to  Sir  Julian  Goldsmid. 


London  :  Aimosf>heric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  June  26,  the  reading  of  the  barometer  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29  S2  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.08  inches  by  i  p.m. 
on  the  2ist,  decreased  to  29  77  inches  by  i  p.m.  on 
the  23rd,  increased  to  30.04  inches  by  9  AM.  on  the 
24th,  decreased  to  29  99  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the 
same  day,  increased  to  30.04  inches  by  9  A  m.,  and 
decreased  to  3002  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  25th, 
increased  to  30  09  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the  26th,  and 
was  30.05  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29  99  inches,  being  o.oi 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  the  same  as  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  76".  5  on  the  26th  ;  on  the  2lst 
the  highest  temperature  was  57°. o.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  67*.2, 

The  lowest  temperature  was  45°.2,  on  the  21st  ; 
on  the  23rd,  the  lowest  temperature  was  53". o. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
49°- 8. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
24°. 5,  on  the  26th  ;  on  the  22nd  the  smallest,  was 
io°.9.    The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  17°, 4. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  20tb,  55". 3  ; 
on  the  2ist,  50°. 3  ;  on  the  22fid,  56°.!  ;  on  the  23rd, 
60". I  ;  on  ths  24ih,  5S°.9  ;  oh  the  25ch,  6i''.4  ;  and 
on  the  26  h,  64^o  ;  of  these  the  first  five  were  below 
their  averages  by  4". 6,  g'.S,  4^3,  o°.6  and,  2°.o 
respectively,  and  the  last  two  were  above  by  o''.3  and 

2'.8. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  58°.  o, 
being  4^.6  higher  than  last  week,  and  2°.6  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  133°. 5,  on  the  24'h.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  121°. 9. 

The  lowest  reading  of  a  minimum  thermometer 
placed  on  ihe  grass  was  37°.  7,  on  the  24rh.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  readings  was  43*. i. 

J^cein. — Rain  fell  on  the  22nd  to  the  amount  of 
0,04  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing June  26,  the  highest  temperatures  were  7S°.o  at 
Cambridge,  76°. 5  at  Blackheath,  73''.S  at  Plymouth  ; 
the  highest  at  Sunderland,  63".o,  at  Liverpool,  64". S, 
at  Newcastle,  65''.o.     The  general  mean  was  69°. 7. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  41'.  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 42''.4  at  Cambridge,  43"  at  Bristol  ;  the 
lowest  at  Preston  was  50°,  at  Liverpool,  48". 7,  at 
Newcastle,  48°.     The  general  mean  was  45°.  5- 

The  greatest   ranges   were    35°. 6    at    Cambridge, 


31". 3  at  Blackheath,  27^.8  at  Wolverhampton;  the 
least  ranges  were  16*.  I  at  Liverpool,  17°  at  Newcastle, 
and  18"  at  Sunderland.  The  general  mean  was 
24°.  2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge,  69°,  at  Plymouth  and  Brighton 
68". 2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Sunderland  60^.7,  at 
Liverpool  60°. 8,  and  at  Newcastle  6 1°. 3.  The 
general  mean  was  64°.  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth,  52°. 5,  at  Preston  51". 7,  at  Liver- 
pool 51°.  I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  46". 8. 
at  Hull  47",  and  at  Cambridge  47°.4.  The  general 
mean  was  49°.  5. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cam- 
bridge 2i°,6,  at  Brighton  iS°.i,  at  Blackheath 
17°. 4  ;  and  was  least  at  Liverpool  9°. 7,  at  New- 
caitle  12°. I,  at  Bradford  I2°.7.  The  general  mean 
was  1 4".  9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Plymouth 
58°.6,  at  Blackheath  58°.o,  at  Brighton  57^.4  ;  and 
was  lowest  at  Sunderland  52°.5,  at  Hull  52°. 7,  at 
Wolverhampton  53°.  I.     The  general  mean  was  55°.2. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  o.  15  inch  at  Preston, 
0.14  inch  at  Brighton,  o.oS  inch  at  Cambridge  and 
Liverpool  ;  the  smallest  falls  were  o.oi  inch  at  Hull 
and  Bradford.  No  rain  fell  at  Truro,  Plymouth, 
Bristol,  Sheffield,  or  Leeds.  The  general  mean  fall 
was  0.04  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature^ — During  the  week  end- 
ing June  26,  the  highest  temperature  was  79°,  at 
Perth  ;  at  Leith  the  highest  was  67°. 9.  The 
general  mean  was  73°.4. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  41°.  5,  at 
Aberdeen  ;  at  Paisley  the  lowest  temperature  was 
47".     The  general  mean  was  44^.9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Perth,  56°.  5, 
and  lowest  at  Greenock,  53°.9.  The  general  mean 
was  55°.3. 

Ratn, — The  largest  fall  was  0.35  inch  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  001  inch  at  Leith,  No 
rain  fill  at  Glasgow,  Dundee  or  Perth.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  o  07  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


*'  He  thai  questtonetk  tnuch  shall  learn  much" — Bacon. 

Double  Sweet  Brier. — Can  any  reader  state  where 
iiis  can  be  procured?  It  is  said  to  be  known  in  the 
tighbourhood  of  Southampton. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

'Our  Telegraphic  Address. — Our  correspondents 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  our  Registered 
Telegraphic  Address  is  "  Gakdchron,  LONDON." 
Teiei^rams  {but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will 
reach  the  Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other 
address  being  needed. 


Adiantum  Capillus-Veneris:  Old  Reader.  Whether 
lliis  can  be  shown  as  a  hardy  British  Fern  is  one  of 
the  debatable  points  connected  with  the  exhibition  of 
Ferns,  and  would  be  decided  by  the  particular  views 
of  the  judges.  We  should  say  it  is  not  admissible, 
because  not  truly  hardy,  though  it  may  survive  in  a 
very  lavourable  sheltered  situation.  We  have  had  it 
killed  in  an  unheated  greenhouse,  which  would  appear 
to  be  a  favourable  position  rather  than  otherwise,  and 
yet  it  has  succumbed,  the  plants  being,  of  course, 
frozen.  Unless  an  exceptionally  large  specimen,  it  is 
scarcely  bold  enough  to  group  with  other  British 
Ferns. 

Covering  up  Beech  Trees  and  Killing  Ants 
G.  Hiliifr.  It  would  hardly  do  to  cover  up  the  trunks 
of  the  trees  with  the  earth,  but  you  can  build  a  wall  of 
bricks  round  the  tree  (allowing  a  little  space  between 
the  wall  and  the  tree),  so  as  to  keep  the  pressure  of 
the  earth  off  the  trunk,  and  to  allow  air.  Ants  may 
be  best  destroyed  by  diluted  carbolic  acid,  gas-tar, 
guano-water,  and  paraffin  being  poured  into  their 
nests. 

Insects  :  W.  M.  The  objects  found  inside  an  acorn,  at 
Cannes,  in  January,  are  quite  new  to  us.  They  are  the 
cocoons  or  cases  inclosing  a  parasitic  Hymenopterous 
larva  with  horny  toothed  mandibles.  Please  send 
more  particulars.  Were  all  found  in  one  acorn  ? 
— J .  K.  Your  Pear  tree  has  been  infested,  under  the 
bark,  with  the  larvse  of  a  small  moth  (Tortrix  Wce- 
berana,  Gardenen'  Chronicle,  September  6,  1884  ;  or, 
CEcophora,  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1851,  p.  404  ?)  The 
pupa  skins  are  left  in  the  burrows,  the  moths  having 
escaped.  The  extravasated  fap  has  exuded  from  the 
wounds  made  by  the  'msec\s.—Ch£lsea.  We  have  only 
found  a  very  few  individuals  of  a  thrip  on  the  leaves 
sent — no  mites.     Try  repeated  fumigation  with  alter 


28 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  3.  1886. 


nate  syringing.— /4.  D.  W.  A  very  damaged  specimen 
of  ari  aphis-feeding  two  winged  fly  (Syrphus-syzitta- 
pipiens,  Linn.)  /.  O.  IV. 

Mowing  Machine;  G.P.J?.  We  cannot  recommend 
makers,  but  any  respectable  ironmongei  would  inform 
you  on  the  point. 

Names  of  Plants  :  IV,  Af.  Epidendrum  selligerum. 
—  H/.  Af.  P.  &*  Co.  Probably  Jean  Ducher.— y. 
Uiia^e  Rhus  To.vicodendron.— C.  P.  P.  Helianthe- 
mum  vulgare  var.  ovatum  ;  H.  vulgare  var.  syriacum  ; 
Sempervivum  hispiduluni  ;  Veronica  prostrata  ;  Prim- 
ula farinosa.  and  Saxifraga  geum.— <l/.  5.  Cotoneaster 
bacillaris.— y.  //.  i,  Jasione  montana  ;  2,  Anthyllis 
vulneraria. — //.  Shatv.  Zephyranthes  carinata,  native 
of  Mexico. — H.  J.  C.  i.  Festuca  bromoides ;  2,  Poa 
nemoralis  ;  3.  Arrhenatherum  avcnaceum  ;  4,  Aira 
fiexuosa  ;  5,  Festuca  duriuscula  ;  6,  Bromus  sterilis. 
— y.  W.  I  and  2,  two  forms  of  Centaurea  montana  ; 
3,  Viola  onobrychoides.— C<2OT^rm.  i,  Phieum  Eceh- 
meri  ;  2,  3.  and  4,  Festuca  duriuscula  ;  5.  Poa  pr<)ten- 
sis  var.  angustifolia. — S.  P.  6^  Co.  A  Pancratium, 
or  Hymenocallis  —  specimen  insufficient.  —  W.  C. 
Bowra.  i,  Eccremocarpus  scaber. — G,  C.  Crataegus 
crenulata. — fi.  Af.  1,  Olearia  niiida  ;  2,  Fraxinus 
excelsior,  with  alternate  leaves.— y.  H.  Ross.  Onci- 
dium  prsetextum.  —  H.  Cypripedium  supeibiens 
(Veitchi)  :  Dendrobium  Cambridgeanum.  —  T.  D. 
Sarcopodium  Dearei. — Old  Reader,  i,  Polystichum 
aculeatum  var.  lobatum  ;  2,  Scolopendrium  vulgare 
digitaium  ;  3,  Lastrea  dilatata  ;  4.  Polystichum  angu- 
lare  ;  5.  Athyrium  Filix-lcemina  rhoeticum  ;  6,  Lastrea 
Filix-mas  paleacea. 

■^*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  '*  Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  ^nd  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 


DIED,  at  Stanstead  Park,  Forest  Hill,  S.E..  James 
Laing,  aged  sixty-five  years,  late  of  Tarbat,  Ross-shire, 
and  brother  of  John  Laing,  nurseryman,  Forest  Hill. 


liarkcts. 

CO  VENT    GARDEN,    July  1. 

Trade  falling  off  considerably,  and  prices  still  lower. 
Outdoor  (ruit  reaching  us  in  good  supply,  yames  Web- 
ber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Avhrage  Wholesale  Prices. 


Cherries,  %-s\t:y 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs.  100 


6-  3  ' 


Melons,  e:ich  ..    ; 

Peaches,  per  dozen...  ; 
Pine-apples,  Eng..  lb.  ; 
—  St.  Michael,  each  ; 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  1 


..18  0-36 
Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 

s.  d.  s. 
Artichokes,  perdoz..  4  o-  . 
Asparagus,  Eng.,  100  20-5 
—  French,  bundle  2  6-  . 
Beaiib.  Kidney,  lb...  1  o-  . 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  o-  2 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  o  6-  . 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  3  o-  . 
Celery,  per  bundle..  16-2 
Colcworts,doz. bunch  8  o-  . 
Cucumbers,  each  ,,  o  6-  i 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..10-2 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . .  04-  . 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . .  03-  . 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,  i  o-  i 
Potatos  : — Best  Kidneys, 


Mint,  green,  bunch  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  punnet  1  6- 
MustardandCress.do.o  4- 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4  o- 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  2  o-  ; 
Potatos,  per  cwt     ..    4  o-  < 

,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  0-1 
Shallots,  per  pound. .  o  3-  1 
Spinach,  per  bushel  3  6- 
Sprue  Asparagus,  per 

bundle        ..  ..10- 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..16- 
Turnips,  bunch  ..06- 
Veget.  Mar.,  each,,  o  6- 
Ss.  ',   Rounds,  6s.  per  cwt. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  o-i3  o 
Bedding  PLiuts,  vari- 
ous, per  dozen     ..   i  o-  z  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  12  0-18  o 

Calceol.irias,  pc  doz.  5  o-  8  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracsena   terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz  .  12  0-24  o 


per 


per  dozen  . 
Evergreens, 

Ficus  elastic: 


Foliage  Plan 

Fuchsias  doi 
Hydrangeas, 

Marguerite 
pe-  ^ 


s.  d.  s.  d 

,  dozen  4  o-tS  o 


Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  o-  6  ( 
Myrtles,  per  dozen..  6  0-12  < 
N.islurtiums,  dozen  30-61 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  . 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  0-15  1 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  30-61 
Petunias,  dozen  ..40-6. 
Rhodanthes,  dozen..  60-91 
Spiraea,  per  dozen  ..   6  0-12  . 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Campanulas,  12  bun. 
Carnations,  12  bims. 


nflo 


Delphiniums',  "12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  , 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,   12   bun.  ; 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  ; 


Marguerites,  12  bun. 
Mignonette,  12  bun. 
Pansics,    12  bunches  : 


-  scarlet,  iz  trusses  < 


Ranunculus,  12  i.lms.  2  c 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6  c 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o  c 
—  red,  per  dozen  . 


utdo. 


:  bun. 


—  Mo._, . 

Spirseas,  12  bunches  6  < 
Stephanotis,  la  spys.  1  ( 
Sweet  Sultan,  isbun,  4  c 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun.  i  c 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  i 


SEEDS. 

London  :  June  30. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
Seed  Merchants,  27 •  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report  that 
there  were  but  few  buyers  on  the  seed  market  to-day, 
and  nothing  of  interest  or  importance  occurred.  Owing 
to  the  dry  weather,  there  is,  for  the  moment,  no  sowing 
demand  whatever.  Prices,  in  the  absence  of  business, 
are  consequently  without  alteration.  The  demand  for 
Hemp  and  Canary  seed  continues  in  narrow  compass  ; 
white  Millet  maintains  last  week's  currencies.  Orders 
still  come  to  hand  for  blue  boiling  Peas.  Harricot 
Beans  are  in  belter  favour.  Feeding  Linseed  keeps 
quiet. 

CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  June  29.  — English  white  Wheats 
about  upheld  their  value,  but  red  descriptions  showed 
6d.  reduction.  Foreign  Wheats  were  adversely  affected 
by  the  liberal  imports  of  Wheat  and  flour,  as  well  as  by 
the  weather,  and  sales  of  only  retail  extent  could  be 
effected  even  at  easier  rates.  Flour  was  quoted  6d.  lower 
on  the  week,  but  there  ha>  been  very  little  done.  For 
the  barley  crops  it  does  not  appear  that  hopes  are  much 
brightened,  and  from  abroad  last  week  imports  into 
London  were  nil.  Prices  consequently  steady,  but  with 
a  very  dragging  trade.  Beans,  from  like  causes,  tended 
against  buyers.  Peas,  with  a  slow  sale,  were  unchanged. 
Oats,  common  sorts,  were  easier  ;  good  corn  showed 
little,  if  any  change. 

June  20. — The  effect  of  the  forcing  weather  is  to  in- 
crease the  flatness  in  the  markets  for  Wheat  and  flour, 
and  to  diminish  the  supplies  of  home-grown.  Where 
business  has  been  done  in  either  Wheal  or  fiour  on  the 
spot  since  Monday  it  has  been  at  easier  rates.  Barley 
arrives  in  very  limited  quantity  from  any  source,  and 
prices  are  steady,  but  the  trade  is  very  slow.  Beans, 
from  scarcity,  are  firm,  and  tend  against  buyers.  Peas 
and  Lentils,  unchanged.    Oats  rem.iin  at  about  late  rates. 

Average  prices  oi  corn  for  the  week  ending  June  26  : 
— Wheat,  315.  id.  ;  Barley,  24T.  iid.  ;  Oats,  aot.  \od. 
For  t  le  corresponding  period  last  year  :— Wheat, 
32f.  2,d.  ;  Barley,  281.  3*/.  ;  Oats,  22J,  4*/. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  yw«^  30.— Good  supplies 
of  fruit  and  vegetables,  and  St.  Malo  and  Cherbourg 
new  Potatos  are  arriving  in  large  quantities.  Trade 
good.  Quotations  : — Gooseberries,  y.  to  4-r.  6d.  pei  sieve  ; 
Peas,  2J.  6d.  to  35.  do.;  do.  in  sacks,  4t.  ed.  to  6^.  per 
sack  ;  Cabbages,  4J.  to  Zs.  per  tally  ;  Radishes,  31.  to 
4J.  6d.  do  ;  Lettuces,  6d.  to  lod.  per  score ;  bunch 
Rhubarb,  is.  6d.  to  2j.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  do.  Greens, 
3J.  to  4J-.  do.  ;  do.  spring  Onions,  6s.  to  8j.  do.  ;  do. 
Parsley,  21.  to  31.  do.  ;  do.  Mint,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  do. 

Stratford  :  j^une  29.— Good  supplies  of  all  kinds 
of  produce,  and  with  good  attendance  of  buyers  a  fair 
trade  was  transacted  at  the  undermentioned  prices  : — 
Cabbages,  5^.  to  js.  per  tally  ;  Turnips,  31.  to  41.  per 
dozen  bunches  ;  Carrots,  household.  31.  to  4^,  do.  ; 
Mangels,  22s.  to  251.  per  ton  ;  green  Peas,  ;^s.  to  3J.  6d. 
per  bushel  ;  do..  7s.  to  8s.  6d.  per  bag  ;  Onions.  3:.  to 
4J.  6(/.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Parsley,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  do.  ; 
Cucumbers,  English,  2s.  to  4s.  perdoz.;  Cherries,  is.  to 
IS.  3^.  per  basket  ;  Apncots,  u.  to  2s.  per  case  ;  black 
Currants,  31.  to  5^.  per  basket. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  yune  29.— Supplies 
of  new  are  sensibly  increasing,  and  prices  lowering. 
Some  English  are  showing,  but  the  supplies  are  chiefly 
from  France  and  Jersey.  The  assortment  of  old  is 
narrowed  a  good  deal,  and  quotations  are  lower.  New 
French  and  Jersey  round,  55.  6d.  to  6s.;  Kidneys,  8s.  to 
gs.  per  cwt.;  old  Magnum  Bonums,  70s.  to  85J. ;  Cham- 
pions, 60^.  to  651.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  yune  30. — Jersey,  St. 
Malo.  and  Cherbourg  new  Potatos  are  arriving  in  large 
quantities,  and  meet  a  good  sale  at  moderate  prices. 
The  old  Potato  trade  is  now  nearly  over.  Quotations  ; 
—  New  Jersey  kidneys,  51.  to  6s.  ;  do.  rounds,  4r.  to 
^s.  6d.;  St.  Malo  kidneys,  ^s.  gd.  1051.  6d.;  do.  rounds, 
4i.  6d.  to  5J. ;  Cherbourg  do.,  4J.  gd.  to  u.  6d.  per 
cwt.  ;  old  :  65J.  to  901.  per  ton. 

Stratford:  June  29.— Quotations  :—  Old:  Mag 
nums,  60J.  to  75J.  ;  do.  inferior,  45J.  to  50^.  per  ton 
New  :  Jersey  Kidneys,  5J.  to  75. ;  do.  rounds,  5J.  to  6s. 
per  cwt. 

HAY. 

Whitfxhapel  :  June  29.— Moderate  supplies,  and 
dull  trade.  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  gos.  to  1075.  ; 
inferior,  yos.  to  85J.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  oos.  ;  inlerior, 
40J.  to  631. ;  and  straw,  25J.  to  36J.  per  load. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  yune  29.— There  was 
a  good  supply  of  meadow  hay  and  Clover,  with  prices 
rather  in  favour  of  sellers  for  meadow  hay.  Quotations  : 
— Clover,  best,  90^.  to  io5.r.  ;  second,  75J.  to  85^.  ;  hay, 
best,  84J-.  to  90J.  ;  seconds,  70J.  to  80s.  ;  and  straw, 
30J.  to  36J.  per  load. 

yuly  I. — There  was  a  fair  supply  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  better,  and  prices  were  firm. 


Qovemment  Stock.— On  Monday  and  Tuesday 
Consols  closed  at  loi^  to  101 J  for  both  delivery  and 
the  account.  The  same  final  prices  were  quoted  on 
Wednesday.  Thursday's  closing  figures  were  loi^  to 
joiS  for  both  transactions — the  quotations  being  ex  div. 


PURE    WOOD     charcoal 


B 


AMBOO   CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

should  be  without.     Ten  limes  moie  duiatic  ihan  wocd, 
and  easily  manufactured. 

P.  B.   HARKIN.  importer.  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 

SKINNER  &  BOARD,  BHISTOL, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERS  4   HOT-WATER   ENGINEERS. 
PATENTEES 


VENETIAN^ 

FRUIT  &  FLOWER  •==^ 


J/ 


1 


OPEN 

FOR 

VENTILATJON 


R.H.S.  EXHIBITION  at  LIVERPOOL. 

At    Wavertree     Park, 

JUNE  sg  lo  JULY  5,  i886. 


STANDARD    MANUFAC- 
TURING COMPANY, 
Strand     Arcade,     Derby, 
Exh'bit  their 
TRFE    PEU>ERS    and    r,ew 
■'AERIAi   '•     f  RUN  ING 
HIIOKS,    saw;,   and    SWIT- 
CHfS;  a'so  ih-.ir  new  Auioma- 
tic    Twig     and     Small     B  anch 
CLIPPERS  ;    also     F.u.t     and 
Flower      GATHERERS,      &r. 
Facilities      afforded       for       the 
visitors  to  try  the  ImFUments  in 
actual    use     at    the   Company's 


SKELETON  HANDLIGHTS,  to  hold 
Glass  or  Slates  (or  Wire  Netting  for  Venii'ation  and 
Protection  from  Rabbits.  Fowls,  &c.)  ;  either  can  be  exchanged 
in  a  lew  minutes.  The  Glass,  Slates,  or  Wire  Netting,  is 
secured  by  Patent  Adjustable  Clips.  They  are  equally  efficient 
as  Handlights  or  on  a  Frame ;  can  be  made  any  length,  with  or 
without  Frames.  A  Light  5  feet  long,  2  feet  wide  in  clear,  with- 
out Glass,  &C-,  loi.  :  with  Glass,  or  Slates  or  Wire  Netting.  151. 
Patentee,  J.  GODDARD,  F.R.H.S.,  13,  Radipole  Road, 
Fulhani,  London,  S.W. 


DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH;    and  CORNBROOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Frames   and  Sashes   in   Stock. 


B.W-WA-R«II-RST 


LONDON-MADE    HOSE    and    FITTINOS. 


SHAND,  MASON  &  CO.'S 


NEW  RED  RUBBER 


MINERALIZED  ANTIMONIAL 


Is  made  of  Pure  Rubber,  by  a  Special  Process.  It  does  not 
crack  or  peel  as  ordinary  Vulcanised  Indiarubber  Hose,  and 
IS  of  great  durability.  One  quality  only  is  made,  whicb  is 
guaranteed  to  stand  300  lb.  to  the  square  inch. 

The  fittings  are  of  GuD-metal.  of  the  most  improved  pattern, 
and  carefully  and  <>trongly  made  in  a  similar  manner  to  those 
intended  for  Fire  Erigade  use. 


SHAND,    MASON    &    CO., 

7S,  Upper  Ground  Street,  Blackfrlars  Road,  London, 


July  3,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


29 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(EstabUshed  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPOR  TS  of  EXHIBITIONS,  RE  VIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NO  TICES  of  all  HOR  TICUL  TURAL 

MA  TIERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  the  following  subjects  :— 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 
FORCI NG.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 

Original  Illustrations  by   IV.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,    W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  W. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 


MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VINES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


ADLAM(H.),  Natal 

ANDERSON  U-) 

ANDR    (E.),  Paris 
ANTOINE  IF.),  the  late,  Vienna 

ATKINS  (J.)         

AUSTEN    U).     Wiiley     Court 

Gardens . .         

BACKHOUSE  (T.),  York 
BADEN.POWELL(H.) 
BADGER  (E.W.) 
BAILLIE  (W.  M.),  Luton  Hoo 

Gardens  

BAINES(T.) 

BAKER  (G.)         

BAKER(J.  G.),  F.RS 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor)  . 

BALL(J.),  F.R.S 

BANCROFT  (G),  M.D. 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     .. 
BAXTER    (W.     H.),     Botanic 

Gardens.  Oxford 
BEIJERINCK,Dr,,Wagcr.:„gen 
BENNLT  (H.),  M.D.,  Mentone 
BENNETT  (A.  W.) 
BENNETT  (G  ),  M.D.,  Sydney 
BENTHAM  (the  late  G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEY(Rev.  M.J.),F.R.S. 
BLACKMORE(R.  D.).. 
BLAIR  (T),  Shrubland  Gardens 
BOISSIER  (E.),  the  late,  Geneva 
BONAVIA(Dr.),  N.  W.  P.  India 
BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J.  T.) 
BOULGER  (G.  S.),  F,  L.  S.       . . 
BOYLE  (Hon.  Mis.  E.  V.) 
BRADSHAW   (A.),  Waddesdon 

BRIG  HT'ithe  late'  H.  A.")'         '. '. 
BRITTEN  (I  I,  BiitishMuseum 
BROWN  (N.  E.).  Kew  .. 
BULLEN  (R.),  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow 
BURBIOGE    (F.    W.),    Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
BURVENICH  (Fr),  Ghent      .. 
CARMICHAEL     iC.    A.     M.). 

Henley-in-Arden 
CARUEL (Professor),  Florence.. 
CASPARY(Prof.),  Kcenigsberg . . 

CHALLIS(T.) 

CHITry(W.),  Pewsey  .. 
CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       . . 
CLARKE  (C.  B.).  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD  (T.  S.),  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (W.),  Eastnor  Castle 

Gardens 

COOKE  (M.  C.) 

COOMBER(J  ),  The  Hendre  .. 
CO0MBER(W.).  Regent's  Park 
COOPER  (Sir  DAN.,  Bart.)  .. 
CORNUlPro'essorMj.Dlrecor 

of  the  Jardin  dcs  PUntes,  Paris 
C0RREVON(H.),  Geneva  .. 
CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H .  H.) . . 
CROSSLING  (R.),  Sl  Pagan's 

Clastic  Gardens 
DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN(A.) 

DEAN(R.) 

DECAISNE(thelalePror),Paris 
DECANDOLLE(A  ),  Geneva.. 
DEHERAIN  (Professor),  Paris.. 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew        

DOD  (Rev.  C.  W.) 
D'OMBRAIN  (Rev.  H.  H.)     .. 
DOUGLAS  (J.),  Great  Gcaries, 

Ilford 

DOWNIE  0  ).  Edinbuigh 
DRUDE  (Professor),  Dresden  .. 

DRUERY(C.) 

DUCHARTRE  Professor),  Paris 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned :- 


Colonial  Notes. 

DUNN  (M.).  Dalkeith    ., 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchids. 

DUTHIE  0-  F.),  Saharunpore., 

Colonial  Notes. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

DYER  (BERNARD)      .. 

Chemical  Analyses. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

DYER   (W.     T.     T.).    Director. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Royal  Gardens,  Kew 

Garden  Botany. 

EARLEY(\V.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Garde:. ing. 

EICHLER  (Professor).  Director 

Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

Imperial  Bot.  Garden,  Berlin 
ELLACoMBE  (Rev.  H.  N). 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Forestry. 

Gar  en  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

ELWES(H.  J.) 

ENGELMANN  (the  lateG.),  St. 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Louis,  U.S..A.  .. 

Conifers. 

Practical  Gardening. 

EVANS  (A.).  LMhe  Hill  Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardeniug. 

EVERSHED(H.) 

Garden  Literature, 

Garden  Botany. 

EWBANK{Rev.  H.),  Ryde      .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Botany. 

FENZI(Cav.  E.),  Florence        .. 

Foreign  Correspondence 

Alpine  Plants. 

FINDLAY(B.j.  Manchester     .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Queensland  CorrespondeDCe 

FISH       (D.      T.).       Hardwicke 

Fruit  Culture. 

Gardens             

Practical  Gardening. 

FISHER  (Rev.  0.)' 

Roses. 

Practical  Gardening. 

FITCH  (W.  H.),  F.L.S. 

Illustrations. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  F  R.S. 

Plant  Physiology,  Irids. 

Foreign  Corre-spondence, 

FOWLER  (A.),   Castle  Kennedy 

VegEtable  Physiology. 

Gardens            

Practical  Gardening. 

Australian  Correspondence. 

FRASER(J,),  Kew 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Botany. 

GIBSON(WM.) 

Town  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

GILBERT  (J.  H.).  F.R.S. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

GLAISHER(J.),  F.R.S. 

Meteorology. 

Pomology. 

GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boston        . . 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

GREEN  (CHARLES)    .. 

Plant  Culture. 

Garden  Plants. 

GRIEVE(P.),  Bury  St.  Edmunds 
GRINDON(LEO) 

Practical  Gardening 

Indian  Notes. 

Garden  Literature. 

Landscape  Gardening. 

HANBURY(T.),  Mentone        .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

HART  a.).  Jamaica        ..          .. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Amateur  Gardening. 

HEMSLEY(\V.  B.) 

Garden  Botany. 

HEMSLEY(A) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchid  Culture. 

HENRY(thelateI.  ANDERSON)  Garden  Plants. 

Notes    from   a    Lancashire 

HENRIQUEZ  (Pro^.).  Coimbra 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Plant  Lore.               [Garden. 

HENSLOW(Rev.  G.)    .. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

Garden  Botany. 

HOOKER  (Sir  J.  D.).  K  C.S.I. 

Garden  Botany. 

HORNER  (Rev.  F.  D  )  . . 

Florists'  Flowers. 

Orchid  Notes. 

HUDSON      (J.),     Gunnersbury 

Gardens 

Flower  Gardening, 

Garden  Botany. 

IM     THURN      (EVERARD), 

Landscape  Gardening, 

British  Guiana. . 

Colonial  Notes. 

INGRAM  (W.),  Belvoir  Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Literature. 

JACKSON  (J.  R  ),  Kew  Museum 

Economic  Bouny. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

JOLY(C.),  Paris 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

JULIAN(RICHD.),  F.R.I.  B.A. 

Garden  Architecture. 

Practical  Gardening. 

KING  (Dr.).  Director  Royal  Bo- 

Beekeeping. 

tanic  GarJen,  Calcutta 

Colonial  Notes. 

Garden  Botany. 

KNIGHT  (H.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Botany. 

KOLB(MAX).  Munich  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

KRELAGE(E.  H.),  Haarlem  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

LANGE(Prof.).  Cooenhagen    .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LAVALLfiE  (the  bic  ALPH.), 

Fungi. 

Paris       ..          : 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LAWRENCE   (Sir  TREVOR), 

Practical  Gardening. 

President  Royal  Hort.  Soc. . . 

Orchids. 

Australian  Correspondence. 

LEICHTLIN     (MAX),      Baden 

Baden    

Garden  Plants. 

LOWNE,  (B.  T.).  F.R  C.S       .. 

Amateur  Gardening. 

Alpine  Plants. 

LYNCH     (R.     I.),     Cambridge 

Garden  Plants. 

Botanic  Garden 
MACLACHLAN  (R.).  F.R.S.  .. 

Garden  Botany. 
Insects. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MACOWAN  (Prof.),  Cape  loM'n 

Colonial  Notes. 

Physiology  of  Plants. 

MANGLES(theIate  J.H.).  F.L.S 

Rhododendrons. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MARIES  (C)        

Japan  Plants. 

Floriculture. 

MAW(G.),  F.L.S 

Crocus— Garden  Plants. 

Garden  Botany. 

MEEHAN  (T.),  Philadelphia    .. 

American  Correspondence 

Gaiden  Botany,  &c. 

MELVILLE     (D.),      Dunrobin 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Gardens             

Practical  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

MICHAEL  (.\.D.). 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

Garden  Insects. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Banff 

Forestry, 

Garden  Plants. 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

Roses. 

Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

MILLER  (W.),  Combe  Abbey.. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MONTEIROiChcv)  Lisbon     .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MOORE  (F.  W.),  Glasnevin  Bo- 

Foreign Correspondence. 

tanic  Garden 

Practical  Gardening. 

Ferns- 

MOORE   (T.),    Botanic   Gardec, 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Chelsea 

Ferns. 

MORREN  (Professor),  Li-ge    .. 
MORRIS  (D.),  Jamaica.. 
MUELLER  (Baron  Sir  FERD. 

v.),  Melbourne 
MURRAY  (G.).  British  Museum 
MURTON(H.  J),  Siam 
NAUDIN(C.),  Antibes  .. 
NELSON  (C.  J),   Orange  Free 

State 

NICHOLSON  (G.).  Kew 
O'BRIEN  (JAMES) 

O'BRIEN  (T.)        Propagation. 

OLIVER  (CapL  S.)         ..         ..     Foreign  Correspond. 
OLIVER(Prof  ).  F.R  S.  ..     Garden  BoUny. 

OLIVEIRA  (J.  D'),  Oporto      ..      Foreign  Correspond! 
ORMEROD(Miss)         ..         ..     Insects. 
PAGET  (Sir  JAMES)     ..         ..     Diseases  of  Plants. 
PAUL  (GEORGE)  ..         ..     Floriculture. 

PAUL(WM.)        Floriculture. 

PFITZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg  ..     Orchids. 

PHILIPS  (W.) Fungi-Plant  Disea! 

PLANCHON(Prof.),Moiitpellier    Foreign  Correspond. 

PL0WR1GHT(C.  B) ~  ~ 

PRESTO  (H.),  Trinidad 
PYNAERT  (E  ),  Ghent  .. 
REGEL(E),  St.  Petersburg     .. 
REICHENBACH  (Professor)  .. 
RICHARDS   (G.    H.),  Somerley 

Gardens     . .         Practical  Gardening. 

RIDLEY(H.N.),BritishMi  

RIVERS  (F.),Sawbridgew 

ROBERTS  (J.) Pract 

ROBINSON  (J.  F.)        ..         ..     Bees. 

RODIGAS(E.),  Ghent   ..         ..     Foreign  Correspondence, 

P.OLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew..     Garden  Botany. 

RUST  (J.  I Practical  Gardening. 

SARGEANT  (C.  W.).  Boston  ..     American  Correspondcnc 

SAUL  (M.I,  York Practical  Gardening. 

SCHO.MBURGK(Df.).  Adelaide    ColonUl  Notes. 
SHEPPARD     (J.).     Wolverston 

Gardens 
SIEMENS(thelateSirW.)F.R.S. 
SMEE(A,  H.),  Wallingtoo       .. 

SMITH  (W.  G.),  F.L.S 

SMITH  (T.),  New  Zealand  .. 
SMITH  IJ  ).  Mentmore  Gardens 
SORAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau  .. 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens 
STRICKLAND  (Sir  C.) 
SUKINGAR  (Professor),  Leyden 
SWAN    (W.),    Howick    House, 


.  Plants. 


Foreign  Correspondei 
Arboretum. 
Orchid  Culture. 


Colonial  Notes. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Orchids. 


Orchids. 
Fruit  Culture. 

al  Gardening. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Electric  Light. 
Practical  Gard  ning. 
Illustrations — Fungi. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Corresponden< 


SYME(G.),  Jamaica  .. 
THOMAS  (O.).  Chalsworth  Gds. 
THOMSON  |W.>,  Clovenfords.. 
THURBER(G),  New  York  .. 
TOD  ARO  (  Baron) .  Palermo  . . 
TRIMEN(H.),  Ceylon  .. 

VEITCH(H.)        

VILMORIN(H).  Paris.. 
WALLISO).  Keele  Gardens  .. 
WARD  (H.  W.),  Longford  Castle 

WARD  (MARSHALL)  !!         .'! 

WARINGTON  (R.) 
WATSON  (SERENO),  Boston, 

U.S.A 

WATSON  (W.),  Kew  .. 
WATT  (Dr),  Calcutta  .. 
WEBSTER  (J).  Gordon  Castle 


Garde: 


Orchid  Culture. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Vines. 

American  Corresponder 

Garden  Botany. 

Colon.al  Notes. 

Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondenci 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 


Practical  Gardening. 


WEBSTER    (A.    D.),    Penrhyn 

Castle    . .  . .  . .  . .      Forestry. 

WEIR  (H).,Tunbridge  Wells  ..     Gardening  for  Are 
WESTWOOD  (Professor)  ..     Insects. 

WILDSMITH    (W.),   Heckfield 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

WILLIS  (J.  W.),  Harpenden    ..     Chemistry. 
WILSON  (G.  F.),  F.R.S.         ..     Lilies,  &c. 

WILSON  (D.)        Practical  Gardening. 

WITTMACK  (Dr.),  Berlin        ..      Foreign  Correspondence. 

WOLKENSTElN.St.  Petersburg  Foreign  Correspondence. 

With  iBany  other*. 


30 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


[July  3,  iS 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Ltm  charged  as  two, 

15  Lines. ..£0     8 


4  Lines. ..;^o     3 

5  „     ...    o     3 

6  „     ...   o    4 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 


16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


o  12 
o  13 
o   13 


Page 

Half  Page  .. 

Column       350 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6d.,  and  f>d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  art  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Dbaths  and  Marriages.  5J.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  th*  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Parable  In  Advance. 

Thk  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  l\  3s.  lOd.  : 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  :    3  Months,  6S. 

FoRRiGN  {excepting    India    and    China)  :    includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Pc'BLisHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  i^avERTisEMENTS, 
41,  Wellbgton  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


"Gather  Honey  from  Your  Flowers.' 


NEIGHBOUR'S     CELEBRATED 

BEE-HIVES 


For  talcing  Honey  without 

the  Destruction  ( f 

the  Bees. 

Philadelphia  Exhibilion,  .8;6. 
Paris  Exhibition,  1878. 


GEO.  NEIGHBOUR  &  SONS 
COTTAGE    BEEHIVE, 

^s  originally  introduced  by  them, 
uotking  three  bell-glasses  or  tray 
f  sectional  supers,  is  neatly  and 
rjngly  made  of  straw;  it  has 
ree  windows  in  the  lower  Hive. 
This  Hive  will  be  found  I 
ss   many   practical  advar 

is  more  easy  of  management 
n  any  other  that  has  been 
troduced. 

Price    complete  £1  15    0 
Stand  for  ditto      0  10    6 


THE    GUINEA    FRAME    HIVE, 


'THE  APIARY,"  by  Alfred  Neighbour,  s.r. 


GEO.    NEiaHBOTJR    &    SONS, 
127,    HIGH    HOLBORN,  LONDON,    W  C, 

and    149,    REGENT    STREET,    LONDON,    W. 
Established  1815. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  ii  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstandine  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  td.  per  gallon, 


UNSOLICITED   TESTI!VIONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  The  Ryleys,  Alderley  Lodgt 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  >our  Black  Varnish,  : 
shall  be  glad  if  you  wdl  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  wr 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  r 

CADTION.-HiLL  & 
Customers  against  the  vs 
advertised. 

Every  ca-k  is  legibly  mi 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  wil 


>  be  painted." 
H  would  particularly  v 
.  cheap  Varnishes  now 


vith  their  name  and  Registered 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Erierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
t,l6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


Lawu  Mowers 
r\r\     PER  CFVl    FOR 

vl  I -ASH  Otf, MAKERS 
^U  PRICES  Cariiagepaid. 
All  the  Best  Mains  in  Stock. 


Garden  RoUers 

oby  i8in.  505.  I  i6by  i 


STlng  Water-Barrows.    I  Wood  Barrow. 

15  Gall...  lor.  I  3iGall...  ^f,s.  '  Well  made  and  cheap      ..  34/6 
aoGall...  36s.  I  40  Gall...  541.     Wilh  loose  top,  as  shown..  32/0 

LAWN  MOWER  REPAIRS, 

DEANK  St  CO.  have  SPECfAL  FACILITIES  (or  Grind- 
inL'  and  Repairinc  Lawn  Mowers  of  all  makes,  a  large  staflf  of 
EXPERIENCED  WtjRKMEN  being  employed  for  the  pur- 
po-e.  THOROUGHNESS  in  REPAIR  and  MODERATE 
CHARGES  guaranteed. 

Fstimites  given  in  all  cases  before  commencing  the  work. 

DEANE  AND  CO.'S  ILLUSTRATED  GARDEN  CATA. 
LOGUE  (the  most  complete  published)  free  by  post. 


DEANE   &  CO., 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


GARDEN   PLANT  TRUCK. 


HOSE  and  REELS,  I    GARDEN  ROLLERS, 

WATER  BARROWS,  PLANT  TRUCKS, 

GARDEN  ENGINES,     |    WHEELBARROWS. 
TUBE      WELLS      and      WATER      PIPES 


ROSERIES, 
ROSE  FENCING, 
GARDEN  ARCHES. 


HANGING  BASKETS, 
WIRE  WORK  SCREENS 
WIRE  TRELLIS,  &c. 


R.      HOLLIDAY. 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE   WORKS. 
BEAUFORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 


(GREENHOUSES,    Span-roof,   painted 

v^      coal,  glass  packed  in  box,  stage  both  sides   8  feet  by  s 
leet.  ^3  15J.;  side  lights  toopen,  fancy  ridge  lock  on  door  irons 
for  sashes.  5  guineas  ;  is  fe^t  by  »  feet,  .£8  ;  put  rn  rail  free 
TALBERT,  3,,  Soulhamptou  StreeiT  Camberwdl,  S.E 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the^ 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Fstablished  1849),  6,,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation    paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ^a  2(5,000. 
Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar.  Esq, 

Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway  Stations,  the  I  ocil 
Agents,  or  Wesl-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings  W  C  • 
orattheHeadOflice;— 64.  Cornhill.  London,  EC.  "  '  '  ' 
WILLIAM  J    VIAN,  Secretary. 

0  VOOD  ENCRWIMC  ^ 

VORTMiNrroN  C  SMlTi-I 

DUNSTABLE. 


PARTNER    WANTED.  —  A  Gentleman, 

-L  having  capital,  wishes  to  meet  with  a  Partner  in  Fruit 
and  Vegelable  Growirg  under  Glass,  in  the  Channel  Islam  5  or 
England.-N.,  Carlion  Lodge,  Maidenhead. 

W  ANTE  or  a^H  EAD      GARDENER', 

»  »  willing  and  obliging.  Unexceptionable  character 
required.  — Address  by  letter,  L.,  Howard's  Printing  Office, 
High  Street,  Sydenham,  S.E.  ' 


w 

nijhed 

Ranger's  Lodge.  Gr( 


ANTED,    at    the    beginning    of   Julv,   a 

GARDENER.     Single  man,     Wiges  /40,  wiiii  li.r- 
and  light.     One  other  employed.  — Enquire, 


ch  Park,  SE. 


WANTED,  in  the  County  ot  Sussei,  a 
SINGLE-HANDED  GARDENER,  married,  no 
children.  Wife  to  attend  to  Lodge.  Wages  i,\  IJ.  per  week 
and  lodge.  Large  Kitchen  Garden,  Lawns,  Small  Flower 
Garden,  Drive,  and  Plantations.  No  glass.  Assistance  given 
in  the  way  of  extra  labour  when  required.  No  application  wi:l 
be  considered  that  does  not  state  full  parliculars,  age,  last  situa- 
tion, reason  for  leaving,  &c — GARDENER,  The  Aylesbury 
Dairy  Company,  Limited,  St.  Petersburgh  Place,  Bayswaler, 
London,  W. 

XXZ-AN TED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  for 

»  »  a  Nursery.  Mu^t  be  well  up  in  Forcing  Bulbs  and 
Growing  Plants  for  Ma.ket.— Address,  with  palliculais  to 
SHAW  BROS.,  Market,  Leed<. 


Foreman. 
T\/"ANTED,    an     energetic     young     MAN. 

'»  Wages.  1 8s.  per  week.  Boihi-.  Milk  and  Vegetables 
—State  full  parliculars,  W.  CRANE,  The  Gardens,  Ballvwaller 
Park,  Ballywalter,  Co.  Down. 


ANTED,  a  PROPAGATOR,  Inside  and 

Out.       Must  be  good  at  Roses  —State  particulars  and 
wages  reqmred,  to  NURSERYMAN,  2,  Trinity  Road,  Jersey. 

ANTED,  a   GROWER  of  Indoor  Roses 

for  Market.     Good  wages  to  competent  man  — T    C 
Woodside  Nursery.  HaUway  Street.  New  EUbam.  Kent,         "' 


M 


&   A.    DICKSON  &  SONS 

energetic  and   trustworthy    MAN,    of 


ESSRS.     F. 

REQUIRE 
igh  experience,  for  the 
lies.  Must  be  a  skillul  ai,d  success  ul  Prrpagalor  and 
;r  of  Indoor  Stock  generally.  Vine  Growiog  and  Cut 
:rs  are  important  features,  and  it  will  be  needful  that 
ants  should  be  able  to  Manage  and  pioperly  Cmtrol  the 
■tquisile  for  the  Work  of  the  Depart  ment. — State  age,  ex- 
ith  any  other  parliculars,  F.&A.UICK- 
ueen's  Seedsmen,  Chester. 


SON  &  SONS.  The 

Head  Sbopman  or  Manager 

WANTED,  a  thorough  energetic  trust- 
wnrihy  person,  as  HEAD  SHOH.MAN  in  a 
Large  Seed  Establishment,  who  thoroughly  understands  the 
Trade  in  all  its  departments.  None  need  apply  whose  capabilities 
■nvestigaliop.— Apply,  with  copies  of 
to  VENUS, 
5trand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  CLERK,  for  the  Nursery 
Trade.  He  will  be  requited  to  do  the  Correspon- 
dence, Book-keeping,  and  a  few  months  Travelling  during  the 
season.  A  permanent  and  progressive  situation  given  to  a 
suitableman.  Reply  inownhandwriting.statingage, experience, 
and  salarly  expected.  Advertiser  will  require  good  references 
as  to  character  and  ability.— SURREY,  118,  High  Street, 
Hounslow,  Middlesex, 


July  3,  1886.J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


31 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  PACKER,  must  be 
thoroughly  experienced  and  energetic. — Apply,  in  own 
hiodwriting  to  JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "  Newton  " 
Nurseries,  Chester. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN   (about    iS)  for 
Retail  Shop. — Slate  experience  and  wages  required  to 
B.,  Linden  House,  Reading. 

WANTED,  a  young  LADY  ASSISTANT, 
in  the  Fliwer  and  Fiuit  Trade.— Must  be  thoroughly 
experienced  in  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.— Mr.  EDWARDS, 
Florist,  Forest  Hill,  b.E. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  young  LADY 
ASSISTANT.  Must  be  well  up  in  Bouquet  and 
Wreaih  Making,  &c.— Slate  salary,  with  references,  to 
PERKINS  AND  SONS,  Warwick  Road  Nurseries.  Coventry. 


WANT    PLACES. 

GARAWAY  AND  CO.  have  many  applica- 
tions for  Situations  from  Competent  Gaideoers.  and  will 
\>f.  pleased  to  furnish  particulars  to  any  Lady  or  Gentlemaa,— 
GARAWAY  AND  CO.,  Durdhara  Down,  Clifton,  Bristol. 

''PO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

J-      McIntvre  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and   Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existmg  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 

115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
bes  to  anDOunce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will   be    able   to  supply  any    Lady   or  Gentleman    with 


particulars,  &c.  — St.  John's  N 


\,  Worcester, 


GARDENERS,  FARM  BAILIFFS,  and 
FORESTERS  —We  are  always  in  a  position  to  recom- 
mend MEN  of  ihe  highest  respectability,  aid  thoroughly 
practical  at  their  business,  readily  furnishing  full  particulars  on 
applicaiion.— JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  -Newton" 
Nurseries,  Chester. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS    or  GARDENERS. 

TAMES    CARTER    and   CO.   have   at    all 

'*  times  Upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter, — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238.  High  Holbom.  W.C. 


G 


G 


ARDENER    (Head).— Thoroughly    prac- 
tical  Gardener  seeks  re-engagement.     Excellent    ch.-i- 
racler.— R.  WALTON,  Hilton  Park,  near  Wolverhampton. 

ARDENER   (Head).— Age    36,    married  ; 

r.ocd  reference  from  late  employer.— J  .  S.,  Holly  Dell, 
North  Road,  North  Finchley.  N. 

ARDENER   (Head).— Thoroughly  unde7- 

stands  Stove  Plants,  Orchids.  Vjnes  Melons,  Kuchen 
Garden,  &c.  Skilful  man.  A  successful  Grower,  Highly 
reccmmended.-H.  Y.,  9.  Chestnut  Grove,  Bilham,  S,W. 

^  ARDENER     (Head).— Mr.    Chapman, 

"^  Gardener.  Weston  Birt,  Tetbury.  Gloucestershire,  can 
with  confidence  recommet.d  his  Foreman  to  any  Lady  or  Gen- 
tleman requiring  the  services  of  a  competent  man. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  40  ;  twenty-five 
years'  experience;  thirteen  years  as  Head  Gardener. 
First-class  references,  and  good  character. — N,  N,,  lo,  Oamp- 
lon  Street,  Newington  Butts,  London,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept.  —  Age  33;  good  practical  experience  in  all 
branches.  Three  years  lu  present  situation  ;  can  be  highly  re- 
commended by  present  employer. —F.  B.,  Geo.  Simpson,  Eiq  , 
Wray  Paik,  Reigate. 

GARDENER  (HEAD).— Wm.  Taylor,  for 
the  past  five  years  Gardener  to  the  Right  Honourable 
Lord  Wolverion  Stanmore  Park,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with 
any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  lequiring  a  Gardener  — 
WILLIAM  TAYLOR,  Stanmore  Park  Gardens,  Stanmore.N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29,  married  when 
suited.— R.  Hubbard,  The  Gardens.  Rushton  Hall, 
Ketterirg,  Northamptonshire,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man. 
Fifteen  years'  experience  in  good  establis,hments.  Excellent 
references  (rom  past  and  present  employers. 

ARDENER  (Head);    age  30.— A  Sten- 

HOUSE,  for  the  last  three  years  Foreman  at  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Meynell  Ingram's,  Temple  Newsam,  Leeds,  is  at  liberty 
to  engage  with  any  gentleman  requiring  a  good  practical  man, 
Firsi-class  character.— A.  STENHOUSE,  38,  Stamford  Road, 
Fulham.  London.  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head),  where  a  man  of  ability 

and  strict  integrity  is  required,  and  the  keeping  of  every- 
thing neat  and  tidy. — Age  35,  married,  two  children  ;  total 
abstainer.  Has  bad  twenty  years'  practical  experience  in  the 
Cultivation  of  Grapes.  Peaches,  Cucumbers.  Melons,  Tomatos, 
Strawberries,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Ferns, 
Roses,  Chrysanthemums  ;  Pleasure  Grounds  and  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardens;  is  a  good  Plantsm^n,  and  Fruit  and  Veget- 
able Grower,  Excellent  character,— W.,  Gardefttrs'  Chronicle 
Office,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

ARDENER  (Head   Working).— Age  27"; 

fourteen  years'  experience,  and  has  a  thorough  practical 
knowledge  of  all  matters  relative  to  Horticuttiue.  Highly 
recommended,— J  NO.  JENKS.  Oaken,  near  Wolverhampton. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  M. 
Wright.  Gardener  to  Lady  Freake,  Fulwell  Park. 
Twickenham,  will  shortly  be  disengaged.  Seventeen  years' 
good  character  from  present  situation. 

ARDENErTcHead  Working).— J.  Gar^ 

LAND.  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  T.  D.  Acland. 
But. I  can  with  every  confidence  recommeDd  J.  Abrams  (total 
abstainer),  who  has  been  his  General  Foreman  five  years,  as  a 
thoroughly  practical,  honest,  hard-working  man.  —  JOHN 
ABRAMS,  Killertoa  Park  Gardens,  Exeter. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  age  27, 
married,  no  family. — A  Gentleman  can  highly  recom- 
mend his  Gardener.  Weil  up  mall  branches  and  the  rcutine 
of  a  Gentleman's  Establishment.— H.  D.,  The  Grove  Gardens, 
Eiphinstore  Road.  Hastings. 

/^:j.ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  2S  ; 

-*  fourteen  years'  good  practical  experience  in  Fruit, 
Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  including  Orchids.  Good  character 
and  re/erences,-H.    RICHARDSON,  Park  Cottages,  Hurst- 

ir^ARDEN^^RTHEAD  WoRKlNGJ";'age~2^y^ 

VJ  H.  Gilbert,  late  Foreman  to  the  Hon.  Lord  Digby,  is 
open  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  in  want  of  a  prac- 
tical man  as  above.  Highly  recommended. — Gardens,  Soulh- 
wick  Park,  Fareham,  Hants. 

/:j.ARDENER  (Head    Working),   age    28, 

V^  married  when  suited  — £,2  given  for  assistance  to  obtain 
situation  as  ab^ve  :  experienced  in  all  branches.  W^ll  recom- 
mended Churchman,  many  years  Chorister.— JOHN  TAY- 
LOR. 80.  Cleaveland  Road.  Surbiton,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single  handed). — Age  29;  fourteen  years'  experience. 
Good  references.— J.  A.,  27,  Fermoy  Road,  Harrow  Road, 
London,  W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed).  —  Age  35.  married,  two  children. 
Twenty  years'  experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  all  kinds  of 
Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vegetables.  Thoroughly  practical  in  every 
branch  of  the  profession.  Excellent  character  from  present  and 
previous  employer,— M.  A.  B.,  Great  Stanmore.  Middlesex. 

C:j.ARD£NER  (Head),  or  FOREMAN  in 
^  good  establishment. — Age  36  ;  eight  and  a  half  years 
in  present  situation.  Leaving  through  place  changing  hands. 
Highly  recommended.— Address,  stating  salary,  &c..  GAR- 
DENER,  thelsworth  Hall.  Ipswich,  Suffolk. 

GARDENER.  —  Unmarried,  competent  in 
Vines,  Peaches.  Melons,  Cucumbers.  Stove  a"d  Green- 
house Plants,  and  thorough  Cropping  of  Kitchen  Garden. — 
JOHN  BREEN,  Bromborough,  Birkenhead,  Cheshire. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  other- 
wise.— single  :  satisfactory  reason  lor  leaving.  Good 
character.  Total  abstainer.— W.  TOMS,  Prospect  Cottages, 
Snell's  Park,  Edmonton. 

GARDENER  (Single-h.\nded).  —  Young, 
single  :  satisfactory  reason  for  leaving.  Nine  years 
experience  in  Glass.  Flowers,  especially  Roses  and  Herbaceous, 
also  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  character  and  recommendations. 
—J,  KEMP,  Great  Wailey,  Brentwood,  Essex. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
help  is  given. — Age  30  ;  thoroughly  understands  Stove 
and  Greeahou  e.  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Eight  years'  good 
character  (mm  last  place.— J.  H.,  Devonshire  Road  Nursery, 
Greenwich.  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  where 
help  is  given)  — Age  26,  married,  two  children  :  six  years* 
in  present  situation.  Well  up  ui  all  branches,  both  Indoors  and 
Out.    Well  recommended.— M.  C,  Rowfant  Gardens,  Crawley, 

GARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). 
— Age  24,  single  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  all  branches. 
Strictly  steady  and  persevering.  Good  reference. — W.  H.  S, 
16.  New  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C 

ARD^NE^   (Second),— Age  23,    single; 

seven  and  a  half  years' experience.  Good  references. — 
W.  GRIFFITHS.  II,  Faulkner  Street,  Bishop's  Fields, 
Chester. 

ARDENER    (Second),    or   JOURNEY- 

MAN  in  Houses.— Age  16  :  good  references.— H.  HAR- 
FIELD.  Watnfvd.  Bi-hoos  Waltham. 

GARDENER    (Under,   or    good    Single- 
handed). —Good  character  -A.    GAVLER,    Belgrave 
Lodge,  Belgrave  Road,  St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Under),  where  three  or  four 
are  kept.  Well  recommended.— W.  K.,  Clarke's  Library, 
Dorking. 


GARDENER  (Under)  ;  age  20.— A  Lady 
wishes  to  recommend  a  good  persevering  man  as  above  ; 
desirous  of  a  change. — A.  S.,  Bereleigh  House,  Eastmeon, 
Paetsfield,  Hants 

GARDENER  (UNDER),  or  FIRST 
journeyman.- Age  22;  seven  years'  experience. 
Good  reference.  —  W.  P.,  6,  Lion  Terrace,  Beamish  Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 

MANAGER,  FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR. 
— All-round  man  under  glass,  wishes  to  meet  with  a 
permanency.— O.,  Mabel  Villa,  Newry  Road,  St.  Margaret's, 
Twickenham.  S.W. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  Market  Nursery.— Age  24  ; 
thoroughly  experienced  in  Growirg  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  also  Cut  Flower  and  General  Nunnery  Work  Highest 
testimonials.— ALPHA,  7,  Byron  Street,  We^t  Brighton. 

FO  R  E  M  A  N.— EDWARD  BENNETT,  The 
Vineyard.  Potters  Bar,  N.,  wishes  to  recommend  his 
Peckham  Foreman.  Levi  Knipht,  to  those  who  require  a  trust- 
worthy man  well  up  in  Fruit  and  Flowers. 

OREMAN,  age  25.— Mr.  S.   Ager,   East- 

ck  Park  Gardens,  Leatherhead,  can  confidently 
recommend  Geo.  Fletcher  as  above,  having  been  with  him 
five  years.     Abstainer.  ^^^_ 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  otherwise,  in 
a  good  establishment.— Age  28  ;  ten  yeais*  practical 
experience,  two  years  as  Foreman  in  last  situation. — R.  CAMP, 
Shute  Lodge,  Axminster.  


F 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  Outdoor.— Age  i^\  twenty 
years'  experience  in  Roses,  Conifers,  Fruit,  Forest,  and 
other  Stock,  Management  of  Men,  &c.  Eight  years  in  last 
placc-HORTUS,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Welling- 
ton Sueet,  Strand,  W.C. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses. — Age  26  ;  has  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  Fruit  and  Plant  cultivation,  also 
House  and  I'able  Decoration.  Twelve  years'  experience  in 
first-class  places. — Please  state  full  particulars  as  to  extent  o 
glassand  wages,  &c..  J.  HARRIS,  The  Gardens,  Hammer- 
wood.  East  Grinftead,  Sussex. 

FOREMAN  or  SALESMAN.  —  Age  25, 
married ;  well  up  in  Propagating,  Growing,  Forcing, 
and  Dei  oration  ;  active  and  industrious.  Good  references. — 
C.  G..  13.  Claremont  Road,  Birkdale,  Southport. 

FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR  (GENERAL), 
or  GROWER,  thoroughly  experienced  Highest  le- 
ferences.  Good  Salesman.  —  J.  W.,  i6,  Old  Humphrey's 
Avenue.  All  Saint's  Street,  Hastings. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN,  or  to  take  charge 
of  tmall  Nursery,  —  Eighteen  years'  practical  experience. 
Wrea.hs,  Crosses,  Bouquets,  Cut  Flower  and  Plant  Trade, 
also  Grapes.  Cucumbers.  &c.  Good  references.- FLORIS  r. 
High  Street,  Milton,  Stokeon-Trent. 

ENERAL    PROPAGATOR,    Indoor    and 

Out— Age    40;    seven   years'  references.- E.     L.,  Pro- 
theroe  &  Morris,  American  Nursery,  Leytoostone,  Essex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment. — Age  25  ;  good  character.  Bothy  pre- 
ferred.—W.  CHANNON,  8,  Rutland  Road,  Perry  Hill,  Catfotd, 
London,  S.E. 


G 


To  Head  Gardeners 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  houses,  in  a  good 

^'      establishment — Age    24;    two    years    in    present    j.lace. 


JOURNEYMAN  (Second^  ;    age  20.— 

tJ  G.  HiCKMOTT,  Huntleys,  Tunbridge  Wells,  can 
highly  recommend  E.  Powell  to  any  one  requiring  a  strong 
good  working  young  man. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  19  ;  good 
character.     B  thy  preferred —G.    BEECHER,  The  Gar- 
dens, BurhiU.  Walton-on-Thames,  Surrey. 

O  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  by  a  young 

man,  age  22,  a  situation  in  a  Propagating  House  or  Out- 
doors, Can  as  well  assist  in  Office-work,  and  i^peaks  French 
and  German  ;  also  knows  the  Correspondence  of  both  Languages. 
Five  years'  p-actical  experience.  Good  character. — b.,  Bor- 
rowash.  Derby. 

O   NURSERYMEN.— Well  up   in    general 

Indoor  Work.  Potting,  Tying.  Watering,  &c,  wiih  a 
considerable  knowledge  of  Propagating.  Good  scholar.  Age  9 
Three  years'  character.— F.  W.,  Norton  Road,  Sjuihborough, 
Tunbridge  Wells.  Kent. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

SALESMAN,  FOREMAN,  or  TRAVEL- 
LER. —  Age  ^o  :  fi  teen  years'  experiei  ce  in  various 
branches  of  the  profession.  —  H.  H  ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office^ 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

ALESMAN,     or     KNIFESMAN.  —  Tho- 

rou.hly  competent  in  General  Nursery  Woik;  ;o)d 
references.-WM.  IDNES.  Bowling  Green,  Powick,Worce>ter. 

SeedEman. 

MANAGING  SHOPMAN. —Twenty-five 
years'  expeiience  in  Agricultural,  Vegetable,  Flower 
Seed,  Flower  Roots,  Ptints.  Imp'ements.  Manures,  &c.  Good 
knowledge  of  buying.— VITi«,  15a.  Houndsditch,  Loi,don,  E. 


CHOP 

0     Age 

MAN, 

or 

FLORIST'S 

SALESMAN. 

t  •  active 

and 

obliging. 

u>ed  to 

shar, 

trade 

God 

experience 

in  Seeds 

Cu 

Flo«ers. 

Bulbs 

Plan 

S,    ,'iT 

Good 

leerences.- 

-X.  Y.  Z 

,  Floral  Deout 

Finkle 

Stree 

t,  Ken 

dal. 

Seed  Business. 

SHOPMAN.— Age  21  ;  has  had  nearly  five 
years'  experience  in  an  old-established  leading  Provincial 
Firm.  Conversant  with  Seed  and  Bulb  Business,  and  a  fair 
knowledge  of  Plants.  Highest  reference.— J.  H.  M,,  The 
Lodge,  Prince's  Park,  Liverpool. 

LERK,  LEDGER,  CORRESPONDENT, 

or  GENERAL.— Age  30  ;  thorough  Accountant  and 
good  Penman.  Moderate  salary.— N  .  CLARIDGF,  Swanley 
Junction,  Kent. 


CLERK,  in  the  Nursery  or  Seed  Trade. — 
Thoroughly  experienced  in  both  branch's  :  good  Bor,k- 
keeper  and  Correspondent  — H.  J.,  Gitrdeners'  Chronicle  Office 
41.  Wellington  Street,  Slrard,  W.C. 

NURSERY  CLERK.— Five  years'  experi- 
ence in  first-class  house.  Seeks  fresh  engagement. 
Excellent  testimonials.— WOOD.  10,  Lower  Bedford  Place, 
Terrell  Street,  Bristol. 

JUNIOR  CLERK.— Four  a  half  years  in 
Wholesale  Seed  Merchant's  as  Assistant  Book-keeper  and 
Invoice  Clerk.  Hiehest  relerences.— W.  R.,  7,  Willington 
Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

STATE  CARPENTER,  and  turn  his  hand 

to  other  woik— Married.-R.    FRANKS,  ^,    Caledoa 
Road,  West  Croft.  Carshalton,  Surrey. 

TO  FLORISTS.— A  young  Lady  (age  i8) 
wishes  for  a  situation  ;  exnerienced  in  all  its  branches. 
Goc d  references  given.— E.  TAYLOR,  10,  Saunders  Terrace, 
Kensal  Green,  W. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTandPILLS.— 
Those  who  have  given  these  remedies  a  fair  trial  (reely 
admit  that  they  inherently  possess  every  property  suitab'e  (or 
healing  and  Removing  Eruptions,  Ulcerations,  Piles,  Abscesses, 
Sores,  Bad  Legs  Gathered  Breasts  and  all  Disorders  of  the 
Glandular  System.  When  carefully  rubbed  in  the  Ointment 
relaxes  the  Swollen  Muscles,  diminishes  Intlammatioa,  assuages 
pain,  and  even  alleviates  dangerous  Maladies  which  may  have 
lasted  for  months,  or  even  years.  Holloway's  excellent  prepara- 
tions are  effective  singly,  resistless  m  combination,  and  have 
been  recommended  by  grateful  patients  to  be  resorted  to  as 
alteratives  when  alt  other  means  of  regaining  health  have  failed. 
Their  action  is  temperate,  not  violent  or  reducing. 


32 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IJULY    3,    1886. 


GREAT    LAWN    MOWER    CONTEST    OF   THE    SEASON. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Provincial  Show  at  Liverpool,  June  29  to  July  5,  1886, 

AFTER     EXHAUSTIVE     COMPETITION, 

"PATENT    EXCELSIOR," 

AWARDED 

First  afid  only  Prize,  a  Silver  Medal,  for  Horse-power  Lawn  Mower ; 
also  First  and  Highest  Prize,  Silver  Medal,  for  Hand  Mowers. 

EIGHTEEN  different  Patterns  of  Lawn  Mowers,  made  by  the  Leading  Manufacturers  of  botli 
England  and  America  were  on  exhibition. 


CHADBORN    &    COLDWELL    MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

223,  UPPER  THAMES  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G.  r.  clarke,  Manage,: 

THE     LARGEST     MAKERS     OF     LAWN     MOWERS     IN     THE     WORLD. 


AT    LAST  ! 


AT    L\ST! 


PATENT 

SOLUBLE       PARAFFIN. 


PARAFFIN    OIL    INSTANTLY    SOLUBLE    IN     COLD    WATER. 

ice  recognise  the  great  importance  of  this  announcement.       The  chief  drawback  to  the  us 
and  Cheap  Insecticide  is  at  list  removed. 

Pints,  Is.;     Quarts,  Is.  8d.;     Gallons,  5s.  6d. 


Ga  deners  will  at  once  recognise  the  great  importance  of  this  announcement.       The  chief  drawback  to  the  use  of  ihis  well-known 

and  Cheap  Insecticide  is  at  list  removed. 


R.    M.    PHILLIPPS    &    CO.,     DARTFORD,    KENT. 

THE  SOLUBLE  PETROLEUM  COMPANY,  CONISBORO',  ROTHERHAM. 

THE   COVENTRY '^   LAWN   MOWER 

(REGISTERED). 

THIS  MACHINE  has  been  very  considerably  improved  since  last  season,  and  the  Manufacturers  can 
recommer.d  it  with  increased  confideace.  The  Roller  is  no*  made  the  full  width  of  the  Machine.  1  he  Knives  have  been 
strengthened,  and  all  sizes  have  Steel  Blades.  The  Gearing  has  been  improved,  and  the  arrangement  for  regulating  has  been  simplihfd.  It 
will  turn  in  its  own  width,  is  light,  and  easily  worked,  will  cut  wet  or  dry  grass  of  any  length.  It  is  made  in  Coventry  by  skilled  English 
workmc  n,  of  best  English  irou  and  steel. 

PRICES  of  GRASS  BOXES  (each) :— 8-inch,  83  ;    10-inch,  8s.  6d.;    13-inoh,  Qs.; 
15-inch,  9s.  6d.;    18-inch,  lOs.  6d. 

WOOD  ROLLERS  (tor  attaching  to  Machine  when  Cutting  Verges)  :— 
8'inch,  2b.  6d.  ;  10-inch,  2  .  9d.  ;  IS-inch,  Ss.  ; 
15-inch,    3s.   6d   ;      18-inch,    43. 


M.\NUFACTURED    BY 


NETTLEFOLD     &    SONS, 

54,   HIGH    HOLBORN,    LONDON,   W.C. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london,    w.c. 


Please    send    me    "Tme      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
commencing -.^ ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O.  ^ 


1886. 

Months 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Ofllce  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  ^"^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  £1  ss.  loaT.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  luf.;    3  Months,  6s.;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1  8s.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND:' 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor : "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher, "  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Cay^l  Garden,  London,  W.C, 
■J  V?°"^  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriors,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  the 
»id  William  Richakds,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  July  3,  1886.  Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hevwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Csital)lisl)eti  I84i. 


No.  654.— Vol.  XXVI. 


(    New 
i  Sekies. 


SATURDAY,  JULY  10,  1886. 


gktered  at  the  General  ?      Price   5d. 
L-officc  as  a  Newspaper,  j  PosT-FREE,    s|</. 


Abies  Piiidro 
Albuca  curyn 
Apiary,  the   , 


CONTENTS. 


tiaurandya  Barclayar.a  . . 
■lisiletoin  July     .. 
dormodes   luxatum     piir- 
puratum  .. 


Birchfield,  Fallowfield     .. 

Birmingham       Gardeners 

Mutual        Improvem*:!!! 


,  Obituary- 


QUTTON'S     FLORISTS'     FLOWER 

O  SEEDS,  post-free. 

UTTON'S  CALCEOLARIA.     The   Best. 

"I  have  taken  ist  Prize  for  Calceola.ias  grown  from  the 
seed  I  got  from  you.  It  is  the  best  ^train  I  ever  saw.  This  is 
the  second  year  in  succe'-sion  that  plants  from  yjur  >eed  have 
taken  ist  Pnae  here."— Sir  A.  E  RamsaV,  Ban.,  Cheltenham. 
.  61/.  and  51.  per  Pavjket,  post-free. 


Boiler  contest  at  Liverpool, 
rsult 


Books,  notices  of — 

Gardens   of    Light    and  I  Pansies 

Shade 45  '       flowers 

Handbucli  der  Pflanzen-  |  Paradisia 

krankhei  en     . .         ..  44  ,  Pentstem 
The  Carnation  and  P* 


Serjesson,  Mr.  W. 
I  Odonioglossum      .. 
I  Orchid  notes  and  gleanings 
49  !  Ornithocephalus      grandl- 

48  ,  Paonies,   double    Chinese 


xhibit 


Brick  Te 


Cucumbers  diseased 
Cypripedium    Godefroyae, 

and  Its  allies 
Devonshire  gardens,  obser- 


volent  In 
Gladiolus  Watsonioides  . 
Glynde  Place 
Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 
Herbaceous  plants  In  th 

flower  garden    .*         • 
Hoya  Imperialis    .. 
ImantophyllumorHimar 

tophyllum 


Plants  and  their  culture  . . 
Rubus    deliciosus,    odour 

of 

Sagenia  mamiUosa 

Crystal  Palace  Rose    .. 
National  Rose    . . 
Richmond  Horticultural 
RoyalHorticultural,  Cot- 
tagers'   Show,    Liver- 

Shepperton  Horticultural 
Torquay  Rose    . . 
Tunbridge  Wells  Horti- 
cultural 


ing 

Sydney  Gardens,  Bath,  the 
Tritonia  Wilsoni    . . 

Tuberoses 

Weather,  the 

Wood  Lawn,  Didsbury   . . 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 


t^OTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


Now  Ready.  In  cloth,  I63. 
n^HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

I         Volume  XXV..  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


"THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

1  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  S6.35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Agent  for  America  :— C.  H.  MAROT,  814.  Chestnut  Street. 
Philadelphia.  U.S.A..  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 


To  the  Trade. 
TRIS        RETICULATA. 

-L      By  the  Dozen  or  Hundied.     Piice  on  application  to 

GILBERT   DAVIDSON.   VVernolen  Gardens,  Ammanford 
R.S.O..  Catmarihenshire,  South  Wales. 


TO     THE     TRADE. —TREE     CARNA- 
TIONS,   nice  plants,   twelve  best   sorts,  J51.  per  loo. 
BOUVARDIAS,  eight  beM  kinds,  good  plants,  55J  per  too. 
W.  JACKSON,  Bhkedown.  Kidderminster. 


To  the  Trade. 

RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples  of 
•  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  on 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 


PINES.  —  Ninety   Fruiting   and   Succession 
Queens  and  Smootii  Cayennes,  in  equal  proportion,  to  be 
Sold  Cheap — what  offers. 
C.  FORD.  Pierremont  Gardens.  Darlington. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attenticn  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS,  MAGA2INKS.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardetun'  Chronicle,  18S3  to  18SC. 
Address,    25,   Wellingtoa   Street,    Strand,    London,    W.C. 


SUTTON'S  CINERARIA.  The  Best. 

"  I  raised  iiS  plants  from  a  picket  of  Cineraria  seed  sup- 
plied by  your  firm.     Some  of  the  plants  measure  2  feet  7  inches 
Irom  tip  to  tip  of  the  leaves.     The  colours  are  splendid."— Mr. 
W.  Ward,  Gardener  to  the  Hon.  A.  G.  Campbell,  Bracknell. 
Price,  IS   6d.  and  51.  per  Packet,  prst-free. 


SUTTON'S  PRIMULA.  THE  Best. 

"The  Primulas  I  raised  from  your  seed  (Special  Hybrid) 
have  been  magnificent,  ihe  flowers  bemg  beautifully  fringed,  antl 
the  colours  o(  the  most  beautiful  shades. "-Mr.  C.  H.  West, 
Gardener  to  H.  Slubbs.  Esq..  Nuneaton. 

Price,  2r.  6d.  and  5^   per  Packet,  post-free. 

UTTON  AND  SONS,  SEEDSMEN,  by  Royal 

Warrants,  to  H..M.  the  Quein,  and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  Reading. 


100  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants  for  26s. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO.'S  selection  as 
above  contains  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  assort- 
ment of  beautiful  and  Hardy  Plants  for  the  Border  or  Rock- 
work,  which  produce  flowers  aad  render  the  garden  attractive 
all  through  the  year.     New  LIST  of  sixty-four  pages  dee. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and  -  Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 


PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  tiegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high.  4J.  per  dozen,  25.1.  per  roo.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaging  20  inches  high,  12s. 
per  dozen  ;  less  quantity,  \s.  j,d.  eacfe.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-free.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  o( 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  lis.  to  24J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  oc  application.  — RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchajits,  Worcester. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 
The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  sUong  j-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  alL 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 
Other   Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 


IRIS  CENGIALTI.— Among  all  the  species 
of  Iris  which  adorn  gardens,  the  above  is  one  of  the  very 
foremost  in  beauty.  More  compact  aod  dwarf  in  habit  than 
those  of  the  "  germinica"  section,  it  bears  large  and  intensely 
deep  purple  fljwers,  and  is  of  easy  cultivation  in  any  good  soil. 
Its  tufia  are  only  about  a  loot  high,  and  the  flowers  are  lifted 
well  above  the  foliage.  As  a  grand  and  perfectly  hardy  perennial 
113  garden  should  be  without  it.  There  are  two  varieties  of 
this  species,  one  rather  taller  than  the  other,  but  both  charming. 
Strong  plants.  2s  kd.  ;  smaller,  u.  td.  each. 
JAS.  BACKHOUSE  and  SON.  Vork  Nurseries.— Tune.  1886. 

Specialties. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY, 
Lion  Walk,  Colchester. 
IMPORTED  ORCHIDS.  CATTLEYAS,  DISA  GRANDI- 
FLORA,  UDONTOGLOSSUM  VEXILLARIUM,  COOL 
ORCHIDS,  of  sorts;  LILIUM  AURATUM,  BULBS  of  all 
kinds.  Hardy  and  Half-hardy;  North  American  LILIES 
and  HARDY  PLANTS. 

Importer;,  Exporters,  Plant  Merchants. 

The  New  Raspberry, 

LORD  BEACONSFIELD. 
A  Seedling. 
Finest  Raspberry  and  best  Cropper  in  England.  First-class 
Certificate  awarded  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883 
Now  to  be  seen  in  full  fruit.  Fruitery,  2j<  miles  from  Kiiitbury 
Station,  G.W.R.  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners  are  invited  to  an 
inspection. 

A.    FAULKNOR.    Inkpen,    Hungerford. 

LOVEL'S   STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  yi. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oblain  the  highest  market  pnces.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied.  


PEACHES  — NECTARINES— PEACHES. 
—During  the  present  month  we  can  obtain  good  prices 
for  first-class  Fruit  of  the  above. 

WISE    AND    RIDES,     Fruit  and    Flcwar  Salesmen,    Fruit 
Market,  and  360,  Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,W.C. 


HINTS  on  the   IMMEDIATE   BEAUTI- 
FYING of  gardens.    See  Herbaceous,  Alpine  and 

Bedding  Plant  LIS  rS,  free  on  application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Worcester. 


Byacli.tli3,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBEKGEN,    Jun.,     Haarlem, 
•     Hulland— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,   and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,   25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


White  Flowers  for  Cutting. 
UCHARISMASTERSIIandSANDERir. 

These  useful  new  free  floweiing  Eucharis  can  be  cffered, 
good  Bulbs,  by  the  dozen  or  hundred,  by 
Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL,  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 
ants,  536.  Kine's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


E 


CREEPERS  for  WALLS,  &c.-By  planting 
what   is  suitable   an    ugly  object   may  easily    be  made 
beautiful.     Descriptive  LIST  and  advice  free. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE  ROSES,  in  Pots, 
of  best  sorts  orlv,  in  great  quantity,  and  of  be<;t  passible 
q-iality.  Piiced  LIST  gratis.  A  Sample  Dozen  will  be  put  on 
rail,  carefully  packed  for  traveling,  on  receipt  of  13J.  dd. 

EWING  AND  CO  ,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Hivaol.  Hants. 

OSES     IN     POTS.— Her     Majesty,     the 

Benncit  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Forticn 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots.  15J.  to  361. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  aopUcation. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 
—  Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.  First-cla^s 
strains  (still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
12  years).  PRIMULAS  and  CINERARIAS-ja  (or  is.  6<i., 
34  far  «.  f>d  .  100  for  91.      CYCLAMEN-I2  for  aj. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham  ; 
12.  Market  Street,  Mauchesler. 

CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 
Strong  flowering  Plants  (4  feet  bine),  of  th's  free-blooming 
'*  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  w  each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS',  in  pots,  11.  6rf.,  2J  ,  to  iS.td. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Wokmg  Nursery,  Surrey. 

RIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 

—Seventeenth  year  of  dlstribation.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain.  11.  id.  per  dozen  ;  loj.  per  100  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carnage  free.  Also  Double  White  Primulas, 
(•d.  each. -JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

IMPATIENS    HAWKERII.— This  magnifi- 
cent  new  plant,  the  most  hand'ome  of  the  genus,  is  1.0W  in 
Flower  at  Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL'S  EstabUshment. 
5?6.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S  W. 

HUYA  CAKNOSA. — About  twenty-five  good 
Plants,  varying  in  size.     All  showing  bloom. — Price  oa 
application  to  W.  CHITTV.  68,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

PTERIS  TREMULA.— Well  established  in 
small  pots,  15J.  per  ico  ;    Cash. 
M.  SMVTHE,  16,  Beaumont  Squaie.  Mile  End,  E. 


NARCISSUS.  —  All   the   best   varieties   for 
cutting  and  for  every  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  "Trade  offer,  which  may  be  had  upon  application. 

THOMAS  S.  WARE,   Hale    Farm   Nurseries,    Tottenham, 
London. 


To  the  Trade  Only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Haarlem, 
.  Holland,  have  just  Published  their  Wholesale  CATA- 
LOGLTE'for  the  Season  1886-87  (76ih  year.  No.  385A),  ol  Dutch 
Flower  Roots  and  Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  Tuberous- rooted 
Plants. 

The  Catalogue  was  sent  to  all  the  Correspondents  of  the 
establishment  who  have  a  right  to  it,  and  will  be  sent  as  well  on 
prepaid  application  to  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 
only.  _^_^__^^__^ 


pYCLAMEN  SEED 

V-^     in  Sealed  Packets.  31.  €>d.  and  ^s.  each,  separate  colours 
red.  white,  pink,  and  marginata  or  mixed. 

H  Page  &  Sons  are  offering  for  the  first  time  theirwell- 
known  strain,  which  has  been  awarded  Three  Medals  by  the 
Royal  Horticuhutal  Society  during  last  season,  and  gained 
highest  honours  wherever  shown. 


'1  hey  cannot  be  surpassed  for  habit,  coloi 
the  quantity  is  limited,  Orders  will  be 


and  2 


August  I.     Applic 


Post-free 


ceipt    of    Postal    Order    after 


CELERY    PLANTS.— 10,000  extra  strong, 
transplanted,  choice  kinds.       Price  on  application. 
JAS.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "  Newton  "  Nurseries,  Chester. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  \s.,  is.  6d.,  55.  6d., 
and  101.  6(/.,  or  r  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  13^.  each.  By  ail  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guarantetd  of  the  best  quality. 


34 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(July  io,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Thursday  Next— (Sale No  7187.) 
SPECIAL  SALE   of  ORCHIDS  in    FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  his  Great  Rooms  38.  Kine  Street,  Covent 
Gardeo,  W.C,  on  THURSDAV  NEXT,  July  15  (instead  of 
Wednesday  as  previously  announced),  at  half  past  12  o'Clock 
precisely,  a  fine  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS,  in  Flower 
and  Bud,  including  Cattleya  Sanderiana,  C.  Eldorado  splendeiis, 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  O.  Alexandra;  and  Hybrids,  Mas- 
devaliia  racemosa  Crossi,  Cypripedium  superbiens  Veitchii. 
&c.  Also  a  fine  lot  of  Oncidium  Jonesianum  from  Messrs.  F. 
Horsman  &  Co.,  an  importation  of  Orchids  direct  from 
Brazil,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDRA, 

guaranteed  unflowered. 

CATTLEYA   SANDERIANA. 

Also  special  Trade  Lots  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEX- 
ANDR.'E. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Shuttle*orth,  Carder  &  Co. 
to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT  July  13,  at 
half.past  t2  o'clock  precisely,  CATTLEYA  SANDERIANA, 
200  plants  just  received  in  splendid  masses  and  fine  condition, 
having  good  dormant  e>  es. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR.E,  no  established 
plants,  all  guaranteed  unflowered,  of  the  very  best  type  :  and 
including  many  fine  specimens. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR.E  (imported),  in- 
cluding many  lots  specially  made  up  for  the  Trade,  O.  VEXIL- 
LARIUM, White  CATTLEYA  MOSSI/E,  and  C.  SPECIO- 
SISSIMA,  established  White  L/ELIA  ANCEPS,  MASDE- 
VALLIA  RACEMOSA  CROWII,  M.  HARRYANA,  M. 
TROCHILUS,  M.  SHUTTLEWORTHII,  ONCIDIUMS, 
CYPRIPEDIUMS.  &c.  ;  also  another  property  about  50  lots 
of  imported  ONCIDIUM  JONESIANUM. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 

CATTLEYA    GASKELLIANA^  in    flower,    grand     variety, 

specimen  with  over  100  bulbs. 
MORMODES.  new  variety,  in  flower. 
CATTLEYA  LEOPOLDII,  splendid  variety. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  their  SALE,  at  the  Central 
Sale  Booms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
July  16. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday   Next. 
VANDA   SANDERIANA. 

lyTESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

^iv;^",  ^'  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  .6.  at  half.past  12  o'clock 
precisely  a  fine  importation  of  Vanda  Sanderiana  in  splendid 
^\•^T  Aerides  roseum,  Angrajcum  Leonii,  &c.  :  and  a  fine 
lot  of  Odontoglossum  Alexandrse  in  flower,  superb  varieties. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Furze  Down  Park,  Tootlog  Common,  S.wl 

Eight  minutes'  walk  from  Tooting  Junction  Station. 
IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  CHOICE  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    Valuable  ORCHIDS. 
Stc.  by  order  of  Charles  Seely,  Esq.,  who  is  leaving  the 
neighbourhood. 

TVTESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

'-'-L  are  favoured  with  instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  2r, 
at  12  o  Clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  VALUABLE  COL- 
LECTION  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
including  many  handsome  specimen  Stephanotis  in  tubs  ; 
Eucharis,  Imantophyllums.  Crotons,  Dracanas  :  several  beauti- 
ful Palms  and  Tree  Ferns  :  smaller  Palms  and  Ferns  in  quanti- 
ties ;  fine  specimen  Camellias  and  Azaleas  ;  amongst  the  latter 
being  several  large  white  varieties  useful  for  cutting  ;  a  fine  as- 
sortment of  Established  Orchids,  comprising  eighty  Dendrobiums 
lor  cut  flower;  Vandas  Aerides,  cool  Odontoglots,  Miltonias  • 
many  fine  examples  of  Greenhouse  Rhododendrons,  Garden 
Seats,  Pots,  &c. 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had 
of  the  Head  Gardener,  Mr.  R.  Laing,  on  the  Premises ;  and 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Orchids  In  Flower. 
"lY/TESSRS.    PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 

7^^,,i^h.  ."  !""><'"n<:=  their  next  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  m  FLOWER  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY 
July  27,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  receive  notice  of  entries 

Chertsey. 

In  the  village  of  Thorpe,  about  20  miles  from  London,  in  a 
healthy  and  picturesque  neighbourhood,  twenty-five 
minutes'  walk  from  Egham  or  Virginia  Water  Station!!. 

IMPORTANT  to  GENTLEMEN  and  OTHERS  seeking 
a  compact  FREEHOLD  ESTATE,  with  advantages  for 
combining   business  with  pleasure.     For  Sale,  with  pos- 

MTsSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  owner  and  occupier  who  is 
leaving  the  neighbourhood,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  the 
Mart,  Tokenhouse  Yard,  City.  E.C,  on  THURSDAY.  July  29, 
at  2  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  FREEHOLD  ESTATE 
known  as  the  West  End  Fruit  Garden,  Thorpe,  near  Chertsey, 
embracing  a  total  area  of  about  19  Acres  of  excellent  Land,  well 
stocked  with  Fruit  Trees  and  Bushes  in  bearing  condition,  and 
Market  Garden  Produce.  There  is  a  modern  brick-built  Resi- 
dence, containing  seven  Bedrooms,  Dressing-room,  fitted  Bath- 
room, three  Reception-rooms,  two  Kitchens,  and  domestic 
offices,  numerous  Glass  Erections  and  Sheds,  brick-built  Cottage 
and  Stabling  ;  the  fruit  garden  is  bounded  on  one  side  by  a  con- 
crete wall,  630  feet  in  length.  The  property  has  a  frontage  of 
1100  feet  to  the  road  from  Staines  and  Windsor  to  Chertsey,  a 
portion  of  which  can  be  easily  utilised  for  building,  without 
detriment  to  the  remainder  of  the  land.  The  entu-e  Estate 
possesses  a  great  prospective  building  value,  and  a  portion 
contains  a  valuable  bed  of  the  best  gravel  to  a  good  depth. 

May  be  viewed.  Particulars,  plan,  and  conditions  of  Sale 
may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  at  the  Mart,  E.C. ;  of  W.  Sharp, 
Esq.,  Solicitor,  9,  Walbrook.  E.C;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Surveyors,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C 


Bothwell  Castle  Collection  of  Heaths. 

Very  Important  Public  Sale  of  the  RARE  and  CHOICE 
COLLECTION  of  Heaths  in  Bothwell  Castle,  Bothwell, 
N.B  ,  cultivated  by  the  late  Mr.  Andrew  Turnbull  for  the 
Right  Honotable  the  Earl  of  Home. 

MESSRS.  MORRISON,  DICK,  AND 
M'CULLOCH  are  instructed  by  the  Right  Honourable 
the  Earl  of  Home  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  in  Houses  Nos.  t 
and  2,  Bothwell  Castle,  Bothwell,  N.B.,  on  THURSDAY, 
July  29,  at  12  o'clock  Noon,  the  COLLECTION  of  RARE  and 
CHOICE  HEATHS,  well  known  as  the  most  important  and 
unique  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  containing  many  Varieties 
confined  to  this  collection. 

The  Book  of  the  Garden  says :  — "  The  cultivator  can  scarcely 
err  in  possessing  himself  of  the  different  varieties  originated  by 
such  men  as  Mr.  Turnbull  of  Bothwell  Castle,  who  has  .we  be- 
lieve raised  more  excellent  varieties  than  any  other  man  of  his 


The  whole  will  be  on  View  in  the  Houses  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  and  Wednesday,  July  26,  27.  and  28,  from  10  A.M. 
to  4  I'.M.,  and  on  Forenoon  up  till  Hour  of  Sale.  To  prevent 
overcrowding,  admission  by  Catalogue  only  (price  Sixpence, 
returnable  to  ail  purchasers),  on  application  at  our  ofiice,  98, 
Sauchiehall  Street,  Glasgow  ;  or  forwarded  by  post  on  receipt 


OardlfT. 

SALE  of  FLORIST'S  and  MARKET  GARDENER'S 

BUSINESS. 

MR.  W.  COURTENAY  CLARKE  is  in- 
structed to  OFFER  for  SALE  by  TENDER,  as  a 
going  concern,  subject  to  conditions,  the  BUSINESS  of  Mr. 
William  Thomas,  6,  Crockherbtown,  Cardifl',  and  Whitchurch. 
Seedsman,  Florist,  and  Market  Gardener.  The  shop  is  situated 
in  the  best  part  of  the  important  town  of  Cardiff,  and  possesses 
every  accommodation  for  the  carrying  on  of  an  extensive  business. 
In  the  rear  are  large  and  well-constructed  Hothouses,  fitted  with 
every  appliance  and  stocked  with  a  choice  selection  of  Plants. 
A  Lea.se  of  the  Premises  may  be  obtained  at  a  rental  of  .£160  a 
year,  tenant  paying  rates  and  taxes.  The  Garden  and  Ground 
at  Whitchurch  (near  Cardiff)  have  been  under  careful  cultiva- 
tion for  a  long  period,  and  are  well  supplied  with  Fruit,  Shrubs, 
Flowers,  and  Ornamental  Trees.  The  rent  of  the  Gardens  at 
Whitchurch  is  £i,\  per  annum.  The  Sale  presents  a  capital 
opportunity  to  any  Florist  and  Gardener  desirous  of  obtaining 
an  old-established  business  on  favourable  terms.  Separate 
Tenders  must  be  delivered  to  the  Broker  for  the  business,  which 
is  offered  in  the  following  Lots  : — Lot  i. — Goodwill,  Green- 
houses. Shop  Fixtures,  Trade  Plant,  Utensils,  and  Stock,  at  No. 
6.  Crockherbtown.  Lot  2. — Book  Debts,  amounting,  as  per 
Schedule,  to  j;;346  i4.r  2fll.  Lot  3.— Stock  of  Fruit.  Plants,  and 
Shrubs,  at  Whitchurch.  The  Broker,  on  behalf  of  the  vendors, 
reserves  to  himself  the  right  of  accepting  the  highest  aggregate 
Tender  for  Lots  i  and  2,  and  would  point  out  that  by  acquiring 
the  Book  Debts  the  purchaser  of  the  business  will  in  a  large 
measure  secure  the  valuable  connection  already  formed. 
Schedules  of  the  Stock,  Plant,  Trade  Utensils,  and  Book  Debts 
may  be  seen  at  the  Ofiice  of  the  Broker,  to  whom  all  "Tenders 
must  be  delived  on  or  before  July  13, 1886. 

For  further  particulars  application  may  be  made  to  F.  C. 
GOODCHILD,  Esq  ,  25,  Old  Jewry,  London,  or  to  the  Broker, 
at  his  Office. 

4.  Crockherbtown.  Cardiff.  June  22,  1886. 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited, 
Have  a  large  and  fine  stock  of 
EAST  INDIAN,   MEXICAN,   and  other  ORCHIDS  :  and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  fresh   Importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  also  of  fresh  importa- 
tions as  received,  forwarded  on  application. 

The  Company  have  also  a  large  stock  of  TEA  and  other 
ROSES  in  pots.  GRAPE  VINES,  FERNS,  and  other  ORNA- 
MENTAL PLANT'S. 

LISTS  with  full  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD   and    NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,   LIVERPOOL. 
ADDRESS  for  TELEGRAMS—"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 


FOR  DISPOSAL,  a  first-class  old-estab- 
lished SEED  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  near 
London  ;  long  Lease,  handsome  Premises,  and  doing  good 
cash  trade.     Satisfactory  reasons  for  disposal.     Incoming  low. 

G.  R.,   Gardeners  Chronicle  Office,    41,  Wellington   Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


FOR  DISPOSAL,  as  a  going  Concern, 
a  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.  Good  locality.  No 
opposition.  Exf-eptional  opportunity.  Price,  including  Stock, 
Plant,  and  Goodwill,  £,iooa.     Further  particulars  of 

Mr.  T.  WILLIAMS,  Auctioneer  and  Surveyor,  Staines. 


FOE 


SALE. 


NURSERY  AND  SEED  BUSINESS. 

THE  OLD-ESTABLISHED  NURSERY 
and  SEED  BUSINESS,  so  successfully  carried  on  for 
upwards  of  60  years  by  THOMAS  IMRIE  AND  SONS,  AYR. 

The  Nursery  Grounds,  extending  to  about  45  acres,  adjoin 
the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  and  there  are  commodious  premises  for  carrying 
on  the  Seed  Business.  The  Business  may  be  Sold  either  as 
one,  or  Nursery  and  Seed  separately  :  and  is  being  disposed  of 
solely  on  account  of  Mr.  Imrie's  delicate  state  of  health. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to  THOMAS  IMRIK 
AND  SONS,  Ayr,  N.B.— June  11,  r886. 


BERKS. 

TO      BE      LET     OR     SOLD, 

as  a  thorough  going  concern, 

A  NURSERY, 

Comprising  3^^  acres,  about  50  miles  from  London, 

with  Shop  in  Market  Place. 

Good    Dwellmg    House,     Greenhouse,    Frames,    &c. 

For  particulars,  apply  to  J.    FLOOD,    57,   Albert   Street, 

Mornington  Crescent,  London,  N.W. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  te. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listm  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 
NOTICE  !  -  COMMITTEE    MEETINGS,     Fruit    and 
Floral,  at  11  a.m.,  in  the  Conservatory  :  Scientific  at  i  r.M  ,  in 
the  Liudley  Library,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  13. 

SHOW  of  FLOWERS  and  FRUIT. 
N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  ijo'Clock   and  the  Public  at  i  o'Clock. 

NOTTINGHAM  HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 
The  GRAND  FLOWER  SHOW  and  HORTICULTURAL 
EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  Mapperley  Park.   Nottingham, 
on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSD.\Y,  July  14  and  rj. 

ONE    HUNDRED  and    FIFTY    POUNDS  and   Special 
Prizes.     Entries  Close.  July  7. 
Schedules  and  all  information  may  be  obtained  from 
2,  Exchange  Row,  Nottingham.  ^'  STEWARD,  Sec. 

HULL,  EAST  RIDING,  and  NORTH 
LINCOLNSHIRE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
A  GRAND  HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBITION  will  l.e 
held  in  the  Hull  Botanic  Gardens,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  July  14,  15,  and  r6.  Upwards 
of  TWO  HUNDRED  GUINEAS  in  Money  Prizes,  besides 
Gold  and  Silver  Medals.    Schedules  and  particulars  of 

PHILIP  MAC  MAHON,  Curator. 

Hull  Botanic  Gardens. 

The  following,  amongst  other  valuable  Prizes,  will  be 
awarded :  —  Group  of  Ten  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in 
bloom  (Orchids  excluded),  and  Six  Ornamental.  Fine-foliage  or 
Variegated  Plants,  distinct  varieties.  1st  Prize.  C^s  and  the 
Society's  Gold  Medal ;  2d  Prize,  .4io  ;  3d  Prize,  is. 

XTEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE 

-Ll  SUMMER  FLOWER  SHOW, 

JULY  21,  22,  and  23.       Entries  Close,  Friday,  July  i6. 
For  Schedules,  &c.,  apply  to 


"DOSE     SHOW    at     MANCHESTER, 

-*-t  JULY  17. 

For  Schedules  apply  to  the  undersigned, 

BRUCE  FINDLAY. 
Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Manchester. 

BEDFORDSHIRE  AGRICULTURAL 

SOCIETY'S    SHOW    at    Luton,   on  WEDNESDAY, 
July  21. 

A  GRAND  SHOW  of  FLOWERS  and   FRUITS,  open  to 
the    United    Kingdom,    will   be  held    in  connection    with    the 
above,  when  the  following  VALUABLE  FRIZES,  amongst 
others,  will  be  offered  : — 
10  ORCHIDS,  ist,  Ixa  ;  2d,  £6  ;  3d,  £4. 
6    „     rst,  £6  ;  2d,  £4  ;  3d,  .£2. 

12  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  ist,  ;<;is  ;  2d,;£io ; 
3<1.  is- 

6     rst,  £7  ;  2d.  jCs  :  3'!.  £3- 

Also  for  ROSES,  FRUITS,  &c.    For  Schedules  and  particulars 
apply  to 
Park  Square,  Luton. 


Mr.  S.  C.  OLIVER,  Hon.  Sec. 


T\7"ILTS    HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETY, 

*  V  SALISBURY.-SHOW,  JULY  29, 

DIVISION  A  (Open)-i2  Stove  and  Greenhouse   Flowering 
Plants.  £ts  :     rz  Variegated  and  Fine-foliage  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  ^^13. 
DIVISION    H    (Gentlemen's    Gardeners    and    Amateurs)  — 
For  Roses.  £15. 

Schedules  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

W.  H.  WILLIAMS,  Hon.  Sec. 
The  Nurseries,  Salisbury. 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE  HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY'S  GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW, 
Delapre  Park.  Northampton,  AUGUST  2  and  3  (Bank  Holiday 
and  following  day).  ^250  in  Prizes.  For  best  sixteen  Plants, 
£i&,  .£10.  £$;  Central  Group  for  Conservatory  Decoration, 
£9>  j66,  £3  lor. ;  twenty-four  Roses,  £3,  £i,  £1,  Sec,  Entries 
close  July  24.    Schedules  and  full  particulars  from 

A.   FORBES,  Secretary,  Northampton. 

t"  6  ~K    E-ON-TRENT 

horticultural   society. 

The  FIFTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  on 
THURSDAV,  August  26.  Veitch  Memorial  Medal,  Certifi- 
cate, and  £s  for  group  of  Orchids  and  Ferns  intermixed  ;  also 
for  miscellaneous  group  of  Flowering  and  Foliage  Plants. 
Schedules  of  Prizes  and  alt  information  may  be  obtained  from 

FRED.  W.  PEPPER.  Hon.  Sec,  117,  London  Road,  Stoke. 


HUDDERSFIELD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
The  THIRD  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  the  Town  Hall. 
Huddersfield,  on  FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY,  November  tx 
and  13.     Schedules  and  Entry  Forms  are  now  ready,  and  may 
be  had  on  application  to 
Marsh.  Huddersfield. 


Mr.  JOHN  BELL,  Hon.  Sec. 


CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLA- 
MEN.— Same  grand  strain  and  from  the  same  celebrated 
growers  that  I  have  sent  out  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  with 
all  the  latest  improvements  in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit. 
Five  year-old  Plants,  is.  td.  per  dozen,  51.  for  50,  qs.  for  100, 
all  Carriage  tree. 

S.  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Helper. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON,    Florist, 
Prospect   House,    Helper,   Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer   the 
following,  of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS. 
— Grand  Premier  Prize  Stiain  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
White,  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  Fine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers.  Suong  Plants,  to  bloom 
well,  is.  ^d.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  is.  6d.  ;  91.  per  100,  all  free. 

CINERARIA  S— C  I  N  E  R  A  R  I  A  S— 
CINERARIAS.— Bull's  celebrated  Prize  Strain,  dwarf 
compact  habit,  and  most  brilliant  colours,  cannot  possibly  be 
excelled.  Good  Plants,  i.r.  ^d.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  is.  6d. ; 
gs.  per  100,  all  free. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON.     Florist      Prospect     House. 
Belper,  Derbyshire. 


July  io.  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


35 


To  ExUWtors,  Decorators,  and  OthierB. 

FOR  SALE,  PALMS,  PALMS,  and  FERNS. 
Five  splendid  specimens,  fit  for  Exhibition  at  once  :— 
I  Latania  Borbonica.  i  Seaforthia  elegans,  i  Areca  sapida, 
I   Dion  edule,    i   Davallia  Mooreana.     For  price,  size,  6tc., 

^''''tHOS.  weaver,  Oakley  Hall  Gardens,  Basingstoke. 
Please  Read  Attentively. 

LILY    OF    THE    VALLEY, 

FOR    EARLY     FORCING. 
Stock,  1,250,000  Crowns,  strong  and  capable  of 

producing  very  fine  blooms. 
£\  ds.  per  1000,  £\i  15^.  per  10,000,  ^25  5.?. 
per  20,000,   £f>2  \os.  per  50,000,   ;^I22  \as.  per 
100,000,  ^182  per  150,000,  ^240  per  200,000, 

mcluding  charges  for  packing,  free  on  the  Railway  Station, 
Neussalz,  by 

F.    W.    KRAUSE, 

Lily    of    tlie    Valley    Grower, 
NEUSALZ-ON-THE    ODER.      GERMANY. 

$Si-  The  area  under  Lily  Culture  is  equal  to  %%  English 
acres.  The  freight  amounts  from  Neussalz  to  London  for  icoo 
pieces  (crowns)  to  about  iif.  xd,  :  2000,  \\s.  6d.  ;  3000,  laf. ; 
40:0,  12J.  3<^.  ;  5000,  17S.  <^d.  ;  6000,  x^s.  ;  7000,  i6j.  9a.  ; 
8000,  i8j.  ;  9000,  20J.  dd.  \  10,000,  ^r  3J-.,  &c. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFDSE. 

4<f.  per  bushel :  loo  for  255.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  toiu), 
^ol. ;  4-bushel  bags,  ^.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5J.  id.  per  »ck  ; 
5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each, 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  aaj.  ;  sacks, 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ^t.qd.  per  bushel;  15J.  per  hall 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  a-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II.  pe.  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Pnce  LIST.— H.  O.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21.  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  L.'ine  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
up  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  1  cwL  and  over  carriage  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,   Victoria   Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  {.i  ts.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI BROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15J. 
per  ton  per  Truck,  Sample  Bag,  5J.  ;  5  Bags,  22s.  6d.  ;  10  Bags, 
4SI.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loj.  6d.  per  Bag, 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  52J.  per  Truck  of  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famborough  Station,  Hants. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.'S 

NORWEGIAN 

FISH -POTASH    MANURE. 

Fish  Manure  is  composed  of  flesh  and  bone — the  best 
of  all  fertilising  materials,  and  in  combination  with  pure 
Salts  of  Potash  and  Magnesia  forms  a  perfect  fertiliser, 
as  it  contains  the  important  ingredients  of  Ammonia, 
Phosphates  and  Potash  in  Iheir  most  concentrated  and 
available  form.  It  is  equally  valuable  for  Farm  Use,  for 
Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  produces  wonderful 
growth,  especially  with  Vines. 


T/u  Average  Manurial  Cojistituents  art  as  follows  .•— 

Cod  Fish  and  Potash.      Herring  and  PotaslL 

Per  Cent.  Per  Cent. 

7.0  ..     ..     AmmoDia       ..     ..     d.30 

ao.o  ..     ..     Phosphates     ..      ..     9.0 

15.0  ..      ..     Potash 15.0 

10.0  ..      ..     Magnesia       ..      ..   lo.o 

Or,  in  other  words,  a  ton  of  COD  FISH  and  POTASH 
is  composed,  approximately,  of— 
10  Cwt.  of  Dried  Fish  Flesh— Organic  Matter. 
4     „      of  Dried  Fish  Bone — Phosphates. 
3     „      Sulphate  of  Potash. 
3     ,,      Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 
I     „      of   Moisture,  and  ingredients  not  of 
—  manurial  value. 

The  Prices  are  £10  per  Ton  (bags  included)  for  the  COD. 
and  £9  for  the  HERRING,  on  Rails  in  the  Docks,  subject  to 
Discount  for  prompt  Cash. 


Retail  Prices,  Carriage  Paid,  upon  receipt  of  P.  0.0. 

IN  TINS.-2  lb.  for  If.  ;  and 

IN  BAGS,  7 lb.,  3j.;  \^\h.,4S.\  28  lb..  6j.  6a'. ;  56  lb.,  ioj.  ed. 

\%  cwt.,  20s. ;  2  cwi.,  30f.      Bags  free. 


I^*  Apply  to  all  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO., 
10,   ST.   HELEN'S  PLACE,    LONDON,    E.G. 


For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 
and  CRICKET  PITCHES,  use 

*»T>       E       L       L       I       C      I       D       E," 

-l->  the  DAISYand  WEED  ERADICATOR.  Manufac- 
tured by  HURST  AND  SON,  152.  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 
To  be  obtained  (wiih  needful  instructions)  from  all  Seedsmen 
and  Florists  e»ery  where.    Sample  Dredger-canister,  is.  per  post. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H. S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

NATIVE  GUANO,  price  ^3  los.  per  ton,  in 
bags  on  rail,  Aylesbury.  Lots  under  lo  cwt.  ^s.  per 
cwt.  A  i-cwt.  sample  bag  sent,  carnage  paid,  to  any  station  in 
Eneland  on  receipt  of  Postal  Order  for  ^s. 

Extractsfrom  Tenth  Ayinual Collection  ofJieports.—'Sative 
Guano  for  PoUtos.— H.  S.  Eastv.  Great  Totham,  Essex  :  — 
"Used  for  Potatos.  CJood.  Consider  this  manure  about  the 
best  for  Potatos.  Very  economical.  Took  about  twenty  prizes." 
Native  Guano  for  Vegetables  and  Fruit  Trees. — J.  Smith, 
Head  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Rosebery  :— "  Used 
for  Pears. Onions,  Lettuces, Cabbages.  Potatos, Turnips,  and  Fruit 
Trees.  Onions  a  splendid  crop.  Other  crops  most  satisfactory." 
Native  Guano  for  Vines,  Roses,  Strawberries,  Pot  Plants,  &c.— 
J.  TowNSSND,  Florist,  Putney  :  — "Used  for  Celery,  Roses, 
Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Chrysanthemums,  Pelargoniums,  Fuch- 
sias, &c.  Excellent  results.  Best  and  safest  manure  I  have 
tried."  D.Williams,  Gardener  to  Lord  Wimborne  :— "  Used  for 
Vines,  Strawberries  in  pots,  Peaches,  Asparagus,  Onions,  &c 
Very  good  on  all  kinds  tried."  A.  F.  Barron,  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  Chiswick  ;  —  "  Without  doubt  a  very  valuable 
manure,  and  easy  of  apDiication."— Orders  to  THE  NATIVE 
GUANO  CO.  (Limited).  29,  New  Bridge  Street,  Blackfriars, 
London,  E.  C. ,  where  Pamphlets  o(  Testimonials  may  be  obtained . 

lUFOBTANT    TO    GASDENEBS. 


BENTLEY'S  WEED  DESTROYER. 

Invaluable  for  the  Destruction  of  Weeds 

and  Moss  on  Garden  Walks  and 

Carriage  Drives. 

Particulars  sent  Post-free. 


BECK     CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER.    HULL. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Pri 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market    {All  sacks  included. 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    5J.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  td, 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   41.  td.       „       5  sacks  for  2as. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5J.  6,/.      „      5  sacks  for  25X. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "1 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  ( tj.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    } 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ij.6<<.  per  bush.,  i+s.half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ti.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     W.  lb.   28  lb.  rSr. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Spe'cialiteT    8,/.  lb.,  2816  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     51.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2s.  per  bush.,  Sj.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsofPlants,  Flowers.  Fruits, Vegetables, &c.  Tins,  ij.  6rf. 

Bags— 7  lb..  31.;  141b.,  51.:  38lb..8j.;  561b.,  14J.:  t  cwt  .  221. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb.,  31.;  28  lb.,  5J.  id.; 

56 lb  .  loJ.  6,^.;  r  cwt.  r7J.  [.per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only.  2s.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  \s.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9*.  ;  15  sacks,  13^. ;  20  sacics,  17J.  ; 

30  sacks,  25*;  40  sacks,   3ar.     Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25*.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  ordy,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB.   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


ROSES   AND   CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

To  obtain  finest  Growth  and  Flowers,  use 

J  E  N  S  E  N'S 
Norwegian    Fish    Potash    IVIanure. 

Apply  to  all  Nurserymen,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO.    (Limited), 

No.   10,    ST.    HELEN'S     PLACE,    E.C. 


HUGHES'  SOLUBLE 
FIR-TREE  OIL 'NSECTiCIDE 

is.  6d.,  23.  6d.,  and  4S.  6d.  a  Bottle  ;    GaUon,  128.  6d., 
less  in  larger  quantities. 

HUGHES'  APHICtDE,  Is.  6d.    By  post  u.  %d. 
HUGHES'  GBEEN  SHADING  Is. ;  post  ^i.-^d. 

Also  CREAM  SHADING,  9d.  per  Box,  per  post  Is. 
HUGHES'    FLORAL    CEMENT,    in    Bottles, 

Is.  and  2s. 
HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most    effectual    in    Greenhouses,    6d.,    18..   and    2S.  6d. 

Post  3d.  extra. 
A  TREATISE  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
sent  Post-free,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E.  G.  HUGHES, 
Operative  Chemist,  Victoria  Street,  Manchester.  Wholesale 
from  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants. Wholesale  Druggists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH.— Best  im- 
ported,  td.  per  lb.,  141b.  6s.  6d.  Sp<£cialit^  Tobacco 
Paper,  cannot  be  surpassed,  jd.  per  lb.,  14  lb.  7^.  6d. 
Tobacco  Water,  very  strong,  Sd.  per  gallon. 

T.  HAMBLY  amd  CO..  z,  Thomas'  Lane,  Bristol. 


SMITH'S    WEED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


Effectually  Destroys 
Weeds,  Moss,  Dande- 
lions, &c. ,  on  Gardea 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


MARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing   Chemist. 

LOUTH,        LINCOLNSHIRE. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,"used^y  leading 
Gardenars  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressmg  for  Vine£ 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  ia  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  mtended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3;, ,  and  lor.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


BEST     TOBACCO     ROLL     PAPER    and 
CLOTH,  at  Lowest  Price. 
J.  DENYN,  Manufacturer,   removed  to  77,  Downs  Road, 

Clapton.  E. ^^^_^_ 

Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,    i  yard   wide,   f^ ; 
2  yards,  i%d.  ;    4  yards,  ^d.      A  considerable  reduction 
OD  quantities  of  500  yards  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 


NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS, 
My  first  oarcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  ( 
5 rime  quality.     Prices  on  application. 
AMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E 
Registered  Telegraphic  Addreis—JATEA,  LONDON. 


EXTRA  STRONG  TANNED  NET.— Ripe 
Fruit,  Tennis  Court,  or  Poultry  Run,  i-inch  mesh,  a  yards 
wide,  i^d.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  ^d.  per  yard  ;  or  2  yards 
wide,  loj.  per  >oo ;  4  yards  wide,  20J.  per  100  yards.  New 
TWINE  NETTING,  1  yard  wide,  2^.  per  yard  ;  2  yards  wide, 
4^.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide.  Sd.  per  yard.  COTTON  NET, 
nine  meshes  to  sqttare  inch,  ij^  yard  wide,  jd.  per  yard  ruQ. 
W.  CULLINGFORD,  Forest  Gate,  E. 

NETTING     FOR     FRUIT    TREES, 
Seed  Beds,  Kipe  Strawberries,  &c. 

TANNED  NETTING 
for  Protecting  the  above  from  Frost,  Blight,  Birds.  &c.. 
3  yards  wide,  ^d.  per  yard,  or  100  yards,  15^.  ;  4  yards  wide, 
4d.  per  yard,  or  50  yards,  15J. 

EATON  AND  DELLEK,  6  and  7,  Crooked  I-ane>  London 
Bridge,  E.C 


BAMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 
should  be  without.    Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
and  easily  manufactured. 

P.  B.  HARKIN.  Importer,  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 

EweU. 

FOR  SALE,  Three  GREENHOUSES  and 
large    PBACH-HOUSE,    with    Pipes,    SU£mg,    &c, 
complete.     Apply. 
H.  S.  WOODCOCK,  Auctioneer,  384,  Wandsworth  Road.  S.W. 

OR     SALE,    a    nearly    new    NURSERY 

VAN. — Apply   at  lo,   Bruce   Terrace,    Lordship  Lane, 
Wood  Green,  N. 

GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worlc,  Manures,  &C.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  Londou,  E.C. 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


36 


THE     GARDENERS-    CHRONICLE. 


(July  io,  1886. 


CARTERS' SEEDS 


PRESENT    SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
tion.    Very  distinct.     The  heads  are  extremely  fi.m, 
weighing  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  Sealed  Packets  only— Per  Packet,  \s.  and  6(/.  ;  per 
ounce,  21.     All  Post-free. 

CABBAGE-Carters'  Mammoth  Beefheart 

The  best  main-crop  Garden  Cabb.ige  in  cultivation  : 
veiy  large  firm  heads  of  exquisite  flavour,  very  few 
outside  leaves,  and  doss  not  readily  run.  The  finest 
Summer  Cabbage  known. 

In  Sealed  Packets— Per  Pkt.,  is.  and  id.  ;  per  ounce,  ij.  id. 

I    pTTIiPp  Price  per  pkt.,  postfree. 

CARTERS'  GIANT  WHITE  COS         ..  6rf.  and  i    o 

DUNNETT'S  GIANT  WINTER  COS..  6rf.  and  i    o 

HARDY  NORTHERN  KING  COS       ..  ..        16 
ALL  THE   YEAR   ROUND   CABBAGE 

LETTUCE 6i.  and  i     3 

ONION.  ''"^■''"-  ^''T-d.^"fd 

GIANT  ROCCA  16        06 

GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI           ..         ..16        06 
EARLY  WHITE  NAPLES           ..         ..10 
GIANT  MADEIRA 00 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


Spring  Gardening. 

CHOICE  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  Spring 
Gardening,  of  the  very  best  strains  :  also  VEGETABLE 
SEEDS  of  all  sorts,  likewise  of  the  best  strains.  Priced 
CATALOGUE  post-free. 

JAUES        DICKSON       &       SONS, 

"  Hvyal "  Nursery  and  Seed  Establishment, 

108,  Eastgale  Street,  Chester. 

CUTTINGS  of  Choicest  New  FLORISTS' 
FLOWERS  (1885)  very  cheap.  Per  dozen  varieties  :- 
Fuchsias  and  Pentstemons,  2s.  ;  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  single  and 
double.  Ivy-leaf,  &c.,  3J.  ;  Chrysanthemums,  is.  dd.  Or  to 
include  new  of  last  three  or  four  years — Chrysanthemums.  50  for 
y.  ;  Fuchsias,  50  for  31.;  Zmal  Pelargoniums,  double  and 
single.  Ivy,  &c.,  100  for  Zs.  Plants  also  supplied  very  cheap. 
All  free  by  parcel  post.  A  quantity  ot  choice  single  Dahlias, 
fine  plants,  2s.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free  on  application. 
RICHARD  PANNETT.  The  Nursery.  Chailey,  Sussex. 

DUTCH      AND      CAPE       BXTLBS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  k  SON'S 
CATALOGUE    FOR    1886. 

The  above,  containing  details  of  our  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants  (84  pages,  in  English). 
IS  NOW  READY,  and  will  as  usual  be  sent  post-free  on  appli- 
cation  to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Great  Britain, 
Messrs.  MERTENS  AND  CO..  3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary.at-Hill, 
London,  E.C. 

ANT.      ROOZEN      and      SON, 


OVERVEEN. 


HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 


DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FKENCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

Containing  List  of  all  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS. 
SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  tree  on  application  to 

WAT  KINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchaots, 
EXETER  STREET,   STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

FERNS  A  SPEGIALtT 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

I  Fern 

SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 
including  Descriptive  "  List  op  New,  Rare,  and 
Choicb  Ferns."  and  '*  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 
b-ee  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

pUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
V.'      TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  6j.  per  bushel 
(i5.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6rf.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \s. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL  BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION, 

Fiftli  List  of  Subscriptions  received  by  N.  N.  SHERWOOD,  Esq  :— 


BARTLETT.  T.  F 

BATTEN,   H.   B  ,  £■  q. 
BORWICK,  ALFRED,  Esq. 
BRITTLEHANK,  Mr. 
CLATWORTHY,  H.  J. 
CATTY  AND  DOBsON 
DEFRIES.  COLEMAN.  Esq. 
DICKSON,  GEORGE,  Esq... 
EDMONDS,  Mr 

EDMONDS,  Mr 

FRIEDLANDER  and  CO.  .. 

GERMAN,  Mr 

HARRISON.  T.,  Jun.,  Esq. 

HOWARD,  F 

INGRAM,  GEO.,  Esq 

INGRAM.  G,  Mrs 

JOHNSON.  J.  S..  Esq 

JONES,  GRIFFITH,  Esq.     .. 

MARPLES.  Mr 

MCLAREN.  Mr 

MERRITT.  JONATHAN      .. 

MITCHINSON,  JNO 

REID,  JAS  ,  Esq 

ROGERS.  Rev.  EDWARD  .. 
SHEPPARD.  Mr.   I.  C. 
SHERWOOD,  E.  N.,  Esq.   .. 
SHERWOOD,  Master.. 
SHERWOOD,  Miss      .. 
SHERWOOD,  Master  EDWARD  , 

SWIFT,  THOS.,  Mr 

TOWNSEND,  GEO.  Esq.  .. 
TROLLOPE,  Mr 

TAIT,  ROBT.,  Esq 

WARD,  DAVID,  Esq 

WATERLOW,  PHILIP.  Esq. 
WEBB.  EDWD.,  and  SONS 
WEEKS,  J.,  AND  to 

Amount  previously  acknowledged 
Total 


Crewkerne.. 

Hollands.  Yeovil 

Iligham  Hill.  Walthanlstow     .. 
Alexandra  Opera  House.  Sheffield     .. 

Great  Eastern  Street,  E.C.       '..         '.. 

Houndsditch.  E.C 

Mayor  ot  Chester,  self  and  sundries  .. 

Gardener  to  His  Grace  the  Duke  of 
St.  Albans,  Beestwood  Park,  near 
Nottingham 

Ditto  Ditto 

Pcs;n,  Gimai.y 

Gardener,  Notiiogham 

Leicester   

The  Abbey  Close,  Bedford      . . 
Huntingdon 

Hurst  &  Son         .'.'         .'."         '.'. 

Goldington,  Bedford 

Sheftield 

Cardington,  Beds. 

The  Cottage,  Oak  Lodge,  Totteridge, 

Herts 

Truro  

01  Peter  Henderson  &  Co. ,  New  York. 

Adcombe,  Ilminster 

Biil'ord 

Houndsditch         

Per  N.  N.  Sherwood,  E^q 

Dmo  Ditto 

Ditto  Ditto 

Hurst  &  Son        

Fotdham,  Soham  

The  Gardens,  Hawnes  Park,  Beds    .. 

Messrs.    Dickson,     Brown    &    Tai-, 

Manchester 
Mount  View,  Sheffield 

Great  Winchester  Street,  E.C. 

Stourbridge 

King's  Road,  Chelsea    .. 


Donation, D  E  Hellia 
Annua',r'.J.S.Johnso 
Do  ,p.Fi»ner,son&! 
~    .pcrMr.T.  F,  B 


Ditto. 


Do.,  per  Mr.  J  C.  Shcppard. 


10 

in 

0 

Ditto. 

I 

1 

0 

Do.  p.  Mr.  J.  r.  Sheppard 

Oo.  p.  Fisher  Son, dlSibtav 

0 

0 

Do   p.  Mr.  J.  C.  Sh.ppaid 

I 

0 

An:.ual. 

2 

3, 

0 

Donation. 

10 

10 

0 

Life  Sub  caption. 

I 

0 

0 

Donation.iiE.Helliar.Ejq 

2 

0 

Donation. 

105 

0 

Ditto. 

n 

0 

Ditto. 

3[ 

0 

0 

Ditto. 

21 

n 

0 

Ditto. 

0 

in 

fi 

10 

TO 

Life  Subsciii.tion 

° 

10 

Donation  \  cr  Mr.  J.  C 
Sheppard. 

n 

(, 

Selfardsund.KS 

5 

° 

° 

Donation  p«r  Hsber.  S^n 
&  Sibray. 

10 

TO 

0 

Life  Sub'cription. 

0 

Donation. 

° 

Ditto. 

£429 

iq 

6 

415 

IS 

" 

^845 

u 

6 

TO     ORCHID      GRO^VERS,     &c. 


MR.     CHAS.      PATIN, 

OF     ANTIOQUIA,     U.S.     COLOMBIA, 

Who  has  been  resident  there  for  the  last  13  years,  and  is  now  on  a  visit  to  Europe,  is  now 
Booking  Orders  for  COLOMBIAN  ORCHIDS  for  ne.\t  spring  delivery.  About  80  species  can 
be  supplied.     Price  LIST  and  full  particulars  will  be  furnished  upon  application  to 

Mr.   CHAS.  PATIN,  Basecles,  Hainaut,  Belgium, 

up  to  August  25,  after  wliicli  date  please  address  all  Comtnunicatioiis  to 

ANTIOQUIA,     U.S.     COLOMBIA, 


The  "INVINCIBLE"  LAWN  MOWER, 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 


WHEEL 

BARROWS. 

Horse-Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

Side  Delivery. 


SAMUEL  EDWARDS'  PATENT. 


The  Only  Lawn  Mower 
wood  regulating  Rollers  c 
either  in  front  or  at  back  of  the  Mo' 


PRICES  (including  Grass  Box), 

6  in.         7  in.         8-in.         gin  lo  in         i     in         14  in  1     in  iS  in  jo-io.  ,4-^ 

308.  408.  5O3.  6O3.  70s.  90s.  110s.  1303.  ISOa.  1703.  1903. 

Sole  Makers:    JOHN   CROWLEY   &    CO. 


Is  the 

B  E  S  T 

in  the  RIarket 

VIDE 
RESULTS 

CONTESTS. 

Side  Delivery. 

30-in.        3li.i         4...in. 

ijsa  £,i&  icio 
Sheffield. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d..    Post  Free  3id. 


W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C 


July  io,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


37 


^EBBS 


EMPEROR 


CABBAGE. 


THE  BEST  CABBAGE  in  CULTIVATION 


6(1.  and  Is.  per  packet,  Is.  6d.  per  ounce. 


Mr.  J.  Mulr,  In  the  "Journal  of  Horti- 
culture "  of  May  24,  says  :— 
"  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures  70  feet  by  50  feet,  and  here 
we    hive    many    sorts    growing.     The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  Is 
WEBBS'    EMPEROR. 


I  i 

Per  Ounce,  Post-free. 

EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE 8d. 

ENFIELD  MARKET          do 6d. 

EARLY  RAINHAM            do 8d. 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 6d. 

LARGE  RED  DUTCH       do.  6d  p=i  packet  ..  9d. 


ONION. 


Packei 

WEBB3'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  6d. 
WEBBS'  WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI  6d. 
LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI  6d. 

GIANT  ROCCA 6d. 

WHITE  LISBON  

WHITE  SPANISH  or  READING 


All  Garden  Seeds  Jree  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


WEBB  8c  SONS, 

Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Qaeen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FKAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class  Certificue).-In  introducing  for  the  first  time  this 
lovely  Fern,  which  was  raised  io  their  establishmeol,  E.  G.  H. 
&  Son  have  no  hesitation  in  saying;  that  never  since  the  intro- 
duction of  A.  Farieyense  has  anything  apptoaching  such  a 
charminE  variety  been  introduced  ;  in  habit  it  U  all  that  can  be 
desired  as  a  decorative  plant,  the  fronds  rising  well  from  the 
crown,  terminating  into  a  graceful  curve,  forming  quilea  pluine- 
like  frond,  while  the  pinnae,  which  is  of  moderate  siza,  is  beau- 
tifully cut,  as  in  the  way  of  A.  Farieyense  alcicorne,  and  in  a 
young  slate  ;  the  centre  of  the  same  is  of  a  golden-green. 
versing  off  into  a  paler  shade,  and  changing  to  a  deeper  green  as 
it  approaches  maturity  ;  and  in  addition,  when  growing,  it  is 
deliciously  fragrant,  a  few  plants  filling  ihe  hi 
perfume.     Eithe: 


valuable  addition 
_xhibition  or  decoration,  this  remarkable  novelty  is  certain  to 
become  the  most  popular  Adiantum  in  cultivation.  The  fronds 
when  cut  last  a  length  of  time  ;  some  which  were  cut  as  an 
experiment  remained  in  perfection  more  than  a  week  in  a  warm 
room.  Being  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  of  such  surpassing 
elegance,  it  will  quickly  supersede  the  old  favourite,  A.  cune- 
atum.  for  all  purposes. 

HeaUhy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,  5J.  and  71.   6d.  ;  6  for 

^     ^^^^*T    .^^    SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 


WG  0  R  D  O  N,  Importer  of  Orchids 
•  from  ALL  PARTS  of  the  WORLD.-An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  fiawering  plants,  and  must  be  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice. 
VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  to  be  ob- 
tained,  and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high  prices 
recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAVING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to  W.    GORDON,    The  Nurseries,  Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


ORCHID  EXIIBITIOI. 


One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights 
in  London. 


o 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  ORCHID 

EXHIBITION.  The  Private  View  to  Patrons  of  the 
Establishmtnt  is  held  every  TUESDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  lo  to  5  o'clock,  ihrouf-hout  JULY. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  S36,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


o 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  Willi.\m  Bull's  EXHI- 
BITION is  OPEN  to  the  Public  every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  10  to  5  o'clock, 
throughout  JULY.     Admission,  each  day,  2J.  ttd. 


ORCHIDS. — A   vision    of   loveliness   unpa- 
ralleled in  Europe. 

/^RCHIDS.—"  Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 

ORCHIDS.  —  "  A    scene    of    the    greatest 
Orchidic  beauty,  biffliog  description,  and,  we  had  air 


said,  defying  exaggeration." — Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


o 


RCHIDS.  —  Specimens    in    Flower   from 

Brazil,  Colombia,  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Madagascar,  Assam, 
Peru,  Costa  Rica,  Venezuela,  West  Indies,  Burmah, 
Borneo,  and  various  other  parts  of  the  Eastern  Archipe- 
lago.  

RCHIDS.— Private  View  to  Patrons  of  the 

Establishment  every  Tuesday.  Thursday,  and  Saturday, 
10  to  5  o'clock,  throughout  JULY. 


RCHIDS.— Public  Exhibition  every  Mon- 
day. Wednesday,  and  Friday.  10  to  5  o'clock,  throughout 
JULY.    Admission,  each  day,  as.  id. 


ORCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 
any  distance  to  see  at  Mr.  William  Bull's  Establish- 
ment for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London.  S  W. 


Now  Ready, 

reichenbachia: 

ORCHIDS   ILLUSTRATED 
AND  DESCRIBED. 

By     F.     SANDER,    St.    Alban's. 

This  Work  is  issued  in  Monthly 
Parts,  each  containing  four  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates  by  eminent 
Floral  Artists. 

The  History  and  Culture  of  each 
Plant  is  given  in  English,  French, 
and  German.  The  Latin  Descrip- 
tions and  Leaders,  &c.,  by  Professor 
Reichenbach. 


Price  ofeach  Number  to  Subscribers, 
7s.  6d.  per  Month. 

She  oj  Plates,  21  inches  by  15  inches. 


Sample  Copies  post-free  on  application,  to  be  re- 
turned in  case  of  non-aubscnptlon  to 

F.  SANDER,  ST.  ALBAN'S. 


THE 


SATURDAY,  JULY    10,    1886. 


GLYNDE    PLACE. 

IN  consequence  of  the  preference  for  foreign 
travel  many  interesting  spots  in  our  own 
country  remain  unexplored,  or  they  are  only 
seen  in  glimpses  from  the  railway.  Many  per- 
sons probably,  after  leaving  Lewes  en  route  for 
Eastbourne,  have  taken  a  rapid  glance  from  the 
train  at  Glynde,  and  have  sometimes  perhaps 
mistaken  the  church,  whose  architecture  seems 
in  the  distance  more  domestic  than  ecclesias- 
tical, for  Glynde  Place.  The  house  of  the  late 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  now  bear- 
ing the  family  title  of  Viscount  Hampden,  lies  a 
stone's-throw  beyond  the  church,  and  is  entirely 
concealed  from  view. 

The  village  of  Glynde  is  a  place  of  great 
attraction  from  more  than  one  point  of  view,  for 
it  is  not  only  a  delightful  Southdown  village, 
dry  and  clean  and  built  upon  a  slope,  with  good 
cottages  and  gardens  for  working  men,  and 
several  curious  old  houses — a  village  of  pros- 
perous and  smiling  aspect— but  its  history  is 
remarkable.  The  rural  population  of  England 
is  only  10,500,000  in  a  total  population  of 
26,000,000,  so  that  15,500,000  are  born  beneath 
a  canopy  of  smoke  instead  of  that  of  heaven. 
If  you  visit  Glynde  on  a  sunny  day  you  will  find 
a  pure  and  glittering  atmosphere  charged  with 
ozone,  while  at  night  this  cradle  of  strong  men 
and  healthy  women  is  overarched  by  the  starry 
sky,  without  intervening  fogs  and  smoke  clouds. 
There  is  no  need  to  discuss  whether  the  men 
are  better  for  being  born  in  a  gardened  country 
place,  or  a  guttered  town  enveloped  in  the 
fumes  of  factories  and  smoke  of  belching  chim- 
neys. Trade,  it  seems,  will  have  its  streets  and 
its  crowded  populations  stewing  in  their  own 
juice,  amongst  whom  a  third  generation  is  never 
reached,  the  stock  becoming  effete.  But  gar- 
dened spots  like  Glynde  will  have  to  be 
increased  for  the  sake  of  restoring  the  balance 
of  health  and  vigour  to  a  country  which  is 
already  startled  at  the  predicament  it  stands  in. 

The  land  question,  I  have  often  thought,  in- 
volves the  extension  of  gardens.  We  may  not 
get  small  farms  since  their  economy  may  be 
doubtful  :  we  shall  not  get  peasant  proprietors, 
because  commerce  in  England  pays  better 
interest  than  land  ;  but  we  must  have  more 
well-paid  labourers,  and  more  gardens,  and  to 
gardens  must  be  added,  in  pastoral  districts, 
cow  plots.  As  regards  these  various  details,  the 
history  of  Glynde  is  most  instructive.  Here  for 
a  period  of  forty  years  John  Ellman,  a  famous 
worthy  of  the  Southdowns  in  his  day,  accom- 
plished what  every  good  landlord  must  desire — 
the  happiness  of  those  who  dwell  and  labour  on 
his  property.  Mr.  Ellman  was  the  agent  for 
two  of  the  three  Lords  Hampden  who  preceded 
the  present  highly  respected  peer,  now  the  Lord- 
Lieutenant  of  Sussex,  in  the  ownership  of 
Glynde  Place.  As  these  former  owners  were 
absentees,  their  agents  held  the  office  of  premier 
on  the  estate  he  managed,  and  I  propose  to 
notice  briefly  his  system  of  government  as  the 
founder  of  a  model  village  ot  the  best  type 
I  moral  beauty  being  chiefly  aimed  at,  and  as  a 


38 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[July  lo,  1886. 


creator  of  many  gardens  as  well  as  substantial 
cottages.  Mr.  EUman  became  famous  to  the 
agricultural  world  as  the  improver  of  Southdown 
sheep,  the  premier  breed,  and  the  most  useful 
by  far  for  its  widespread  influence  in  refining  the 
mutton  of  other  breeds  of  sheep.  It  is  no 
small  merit  to  have  raised  the  price  and 
value  of  innumerable  flocks,  to  have  sold  at  300 
guineas  a  pair,  and  to  have  multiplied  the 
choicest  legs  of  mutton  and  improved  the  cutlets 
of  the  people.  The  son  of  a  small  farmer,  he 
became  the  personal  friend  of  Arthur  Young,  and 
of  all  the  famous  agriculturists  of  his  time. 
Francis,  Uuke  of  Bedford,  would  drive  over  to 
Glynde  when  visiting  the  Sussex  racecourses 
and  watering-places,  and  spend  several  days 
farming  with  his  friend  Ellman.  The  Earl 
of  Egremont,  the  greatest  man  in  Sussex,  a 
munificent  and  excellent  man  in  spite  of  foibles, 
was  his  close  ally,  as  well  as  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond, another  agriculturist  of  note,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  famous  Goodwood  flock.  The 
Earl  of  Chichester  of  1822  was  a  philanthropist 
like  the  late  respected  Earl  and  Lord-Lieutenant, 
and  an  interesting  letter  of  his  to  Ellman  refers 
his  success  in  rendering  Glynde  one  of  the 
happiest  and  best  regulated  villages. 

Want  of  space  prevents  my  giving  the  details 
of  Mr.  EUman's  plan  ;  but  I  may  say  that  the 
epitaph  on  his  tomb  in  the  churchyard  bears 
testimony,  in  simple  language,  to  his  fame  as  a 
breeder,  and  to  the  devotion  of  his  life  to  the 
happiness  of  the  people.  He  had  been  raised 
to  the  position  of  a  county  magistrate  in  times 
when  such  an  honour  was  rarely  conferred  on  a 
farmer,  and  having  educated  himself,  he  sup- 
ported a  school  in  the  village  and  a  winter 
evening  school  in  his  own  kitchen  for  the 
purpose  of  instructing  his  poorer  neighbours. 
His  method  may  be  generally  described  in  his 
own  ipithy  language.  He  preached  what  he 
practised,  when  he  said  : — 

"  Keep  your  young  unmarried  labourers  in  your  own 
house.  Let  them  feel  the  comforts  of  a  good  home,  and 
they  will  be  shy  ol  risking  these  by  improvident  mar- 
riages. Let  your  wives  and  daughters  personally  super- 
intend the  female  servants,  and  the  latter  will  acquire 
tastes  and  habits  adverse  to  hasty  marriages  and  in- 
different partners.  When  young  farming  men  marry 
and  settle  in  a  cottage,  let  them  have  grass  land  for  a 
cow  and  pig,  and  arable  enough  to  grow  Potatos  and 
vegetables  for  their  family,  and  above  all,  pay  them 
according  to  their  skill.  Teach  them  to  respect  them- 
selves, and  they  will  respect  their  employer  and  protect 
his  property.  Give  them  the  means  of  brewing  good 
beer  at  home,  and  they  will  seek  no  public-house. 
Remove  temptation  by  allowing  as  few  beer-shops  and 
pot-houses  as  is  compatible  with  the  convenience  of 
travellers.  Try  moral  measures  before  you  coerce  by 
penal  laws." 

Some  of  Mr.  EUman's  methods  may  sound 
old-fashioned,  but  they  are  not  the  less  excel- 
lent, and  the  substitutes  for  them,  in  these 
changed  times,  have  yet  to  be  found.  If  it  be 
true  that  farm  labourers  have  depreciated,  that 
can  only  have  arisen  from  the  circumstances 
of  their  daily  lives  having  altered  for  the  worse. 
Ellman  recommended  attaching  the  labourer  to 
the  land — the  reverse  has  been  accomplished, 
and  hence  the  labourers'  unions,  having  strikes 
as  their  object,  and  hence  the  agitators  whom 
farmers'  dread  without  having  the  least  notion 
how  to  circumvent  them,  for  farmers  do  not 
read — they  are  not  inventive,  and  not  one  in 
10,000  of  them  ever  studied  Mr.  EUman's  plans, 
or  heard  of  him  as  the  founder  of  a  model 
village. 

So  far  as  the  altered  conditions  permit  Lord 
Hampden  is  proceeding  on  the  same  lines  as 
Ellman  by  means  of  good  gardens  and  cottages. 
He  is  an  excellent  landlord  and  a  spirited 
armer.  Butter,  barley,  and  mutton  are  among 
the  best  products  of  Glynde,  and  it  must  suffice 
to  say  here  that  Lord  Hampden  has  founded  a 
herd  of  fifty  Jersey  cows,  the  best  of  butter- 
makers,  and  is  building  at  his  own  cost  and  risk 
a  butter  factory  for  himself  and  tenants  or  other 


neighbours.  He  has  introduced  steam  cultiva- 
tion on  his  farm — the  same  that  Ellman  held — 
and  is  producing  barley  and  mutton  beyond  all 
precedent ;  and  this  leads  to  an  increased  wage- 
fund  and  more  cottages,  which,  in  point  of  fact, 
have  been  already  built,  with  good  gardens  or 
allotments.  The  dinner  of  a  flourishing  friendly 
society,  at  which  Lord  Hampden  presides,  was 
held  the  day  after  my  visit  in  a  tent  in  a 
meadow.  I  can  only  mention  further  on  this 
subject  Lord  Hampden's  annual  pastorals, 
which  he  delivers  at  the  Glynde  harvest-home, 
and  which  the  country  has  learned  to  anticipate 
with  interest. 

It  is  time  to  speak  of  horticultural  matters. 
Mr.  Colgate,  Lord  Hampden's  agent,  had  taken 
me  to  look  at  a  silver  cup  won  by  a  member  of 
his  family  at  Petworth  in  the  last  century,  the 
first  silver  cup  probably  ever  awarded  at  a  live- 
stock show,  and  I  had  seen  the  large  room 
where  Mr.  Ellman  dined  on  state  occasions, 
when  in  passing  through  his  first-rate  farm- 
house garden,  he  pointed  to  a  common  Acacia 
tree  30  feet  high  perhaps,  and  of  ten  years' 
growth.  Its  history  is  curious.  The  bees 
having  swarmed  Mr.  Colgate  placed  their  hive 
on  an  old  stump  of  an  Acacia  which  had  been 
deprived  of  its  roots,  and  had  lain  three  years 
in  the  timber  yard.  Judging  from  the  appear- 
ance of  the  stump  the  tree  was  aged  and  of 
good  size,  and  this  makes  it  the  more  remark- 
able that  on  fixing  the  stump  in  the  earth  for 
the  purpose  of  supporting  it  firmly  a  dormant 
bud  should  have  presently  produced  a  shoot 
which  has  since  grown  into  a  tree,  as  I  have 
just  stated. 

Glynde  Place  is  a  large  quadrangular  house, 
improved  in  the  last  century  from  the  older 
mansion  of  the  Morleys  by  Dr.  Trevor,  Bishop 
of  Durham.  It  is  situated  not  far  from  the  base 
of  Mount  Caburn,  one  of  Gilbert  White's 
"  mountains "  of  Sussex,  and  a  spot  dear  to 
archjeologists  for  its  British  cr  Roman  earth- 
works at  the  crown,  and  at  the  top  of  the  village, 
whose  lower  level  rests  on  the  railway,  and  on 
a  reach  of  the  River  Ouse,  which  is  here  aug- 
mented by  the  Glydebourne.  The  rear  of  the 
house  abuts  on  the  high  road  ;  its  principal 
fronts  look  upon  a  pleasant  lawn  and  shrub- 
bery on  the  north,  and  across  the  terrace  on 
the  east,  where  the  landscape  includes  a  park 
of  100  acres,  planted  with  stately  trees  (the  land 
being  rich),  and  a  beautifully  wooded  country 
beyond.  It  is  a  long  view,  extending  mile  after 
mile  as  far  as  the  hills  of  Heathfield  and  the 
Forest  Ridge,  over  a  cultured  part  of  Sussex, 
every  inch  of  which  the  late  Speaker  is  prob- 
ably familiar  with,  loving  his  own  few  miles  at 
home  a  little  better  perhaps  than  he  can  do,  the 
more  distant  world  which  belongs  to  other 
people.  Home  must  be  sweet,  and  honours  and 
rewards,  worn  with  much  meekness,  cannot  be 
unwelcome,  when  they  follow  a  life  of  labour  for 
the  public  good. 

Glynde  was  first  granted  to  a  family  named 
De  Glynde,  whose  heiress  married  Sir  Richard 
Walleys  early  in  the  fourteenth  century.  The 
male  line  of  this  knightly  house  became  extinct, 
and  Joane,  the  daughter  of  the  last  Sir  John, 
conveyed  the  estate  about  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth  century  to  Nicholas  Morley.  There 
are  numerous  brasses  of  the  Morleys,  as  of 
their  successors  the  Trevors,  in  the  chancel  of 
the  church.  They  held  the  estate  for  seven 
descents,  when  the  last  owner  of  their  name,  a 
widow,  married  John  Trevor.  Trevor  after 
Trevor  followed  from  1653,  the  first  of  the  pos- 
sessors of  Glynde  bearing  the  name  being  the 
eldest  son  of  Sir  John  Trevor,  Secretary  of 
State  to  Charles  II.,  and  the  husband  of  Ruth, 
the  daughter  of  John  Hampden,  the  patriot. 
One  of  this  family  was  created  Viscount 
Hampden,  a  title  which  became  extinct  in  1824, 
and  remained  so  till  recently.  The  Brands 
acquired    the    estate    by    marriage    with    the 


Trevors,  and  Lord  Hampden's  brother,  the 
twenty-second  Baron  Dacre — to  whose  title  he 
is  heir  presumptive — bears  the  family  name  of 
Trevor,  having  changed  it  from  Brand  in  com- 
pliance with  the  will  of  the  last  Lord  Hampden. 
H.  E. 


ALBUCA  (EUALBUCA)   CORYMBOS.\, 
Baktr,   n.  sp* 

Like  Tritonia  Wilsoni,  this  was  discovered  by 
Mr.  A.  Wilson,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Port  Eliia- 
beth,  and  was  flowered  at  home  by  his  brother,  Mr. 
John  Wilson,  of  Greenside  Gardens,  St.  Andrews.  It 
belongs  to  the  subgenus  of  Albuca,  in  which  the  three 
outer  stamens  are  without  anthers.  It  comes  nearest 
to  A.  juncifolia,  Baker,  in  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1876, 
p.  534 ;  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  6395,  but  it  has  the 
erect  flowers  and  corymbose  inflorescence  of  A. 
caudata  and  A.  fastigiata. 

Description  ; — Bulb  globose,  above  an  inch  in  dia- 
meter ;  neck  short  ;  outer  tunics  splitting  into  fibres 
at  the  top.  Leaves,  6 — 8,  sub-terete,  glabrous,  above 
a  foot  long  when  fully  developed,  ^  inch  broad  at  the 
base,  convex  on  both  surfaces,  tapering  gradually  to 
the  apex.  Peduncle  terete,  \  foot  long.  Flowers, 
5 — 6,  inodorous,  arranged  in  a  lax  corymb  ;  pedicels 
erect,  2 — 4  inches  long  ;  bracts  ovate  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late. Perianth  an  inch  long,  yellow,  banded  with 
green ;  inner  segments  cucullate  and  permanently 
connivent,  so  that  the  flower  is  cleistogamous  and 
self-fertilised.  Outer  stamens  without  anthers.  Style 
prismatic,  as  long  as  the  oblong  ovary.  J.  G,  Baker. 

Tritonia  (Montbrktia)  Wilsoni  (Baker),  n.  sf.f 
This  was  sent  to  me  through  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
from  Mr.  John  Wilson,  of  Greenside  Gardens,  St. 
Andrew's,  N.B.  It  was  collected  by  his  brother, 
Mr.  Alexander  Wilson,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Port 
Elizabeth.  The  bulbs  of  the  eastern  province  of  Cape 
Colony  are  often  different  species  from  those  of  the 
western  regions.  This  comes  nearest  to  the  well- 
known  Tritonia  lineata,  Ker,  in  the  flower,  but  the 
leaves  present  an  entirely  different  type  of  character. 
Mr.  Wilson  has  kindly  sent  me  a  complete  specimen 
and  two  sketches  made  from  the  living  plant. 

Description. — Corm  globose,  }  inch  diameter; 
outer  coat  thin,  brown,  reticulated.  Stem  slender, 
terete,  2  feet  long  below  the  spikes.  Leaves  5 — 6, 
narrow  linear,  under  a  line  broad,  nearly  quadran- 
gular in  section,  the  three  lower  sub-basal,  I  —  ij  foot 
long,  the  others  distant,  superposed.  Spikes  simple 
or  forked,  lax,  4 — 7-flowered.  Spathe-valves  lan- 
ceolate, unequal,  \ — i  inch  long.  Perianth  white, 
flushed  with  purple ;  tube  funnel-shaped,  \  inch 
long  ;  segments  obovate-cuspidate,  twice  as  long  as 
the  tube,  the  arcuate  upper  one  the  longest.  Stamens 
reaching  half-way  up  the  limb  ;  anthers  linear-oblong, 
purple.  Style-arms  oblong-cuneate,  entire,  ofer- 
topping  the  anthers,   J.  G,  Baker, 

Sagenia   mamillosa,   T.  Moore,  Illust.  ffort., 
ser.  4,  vol.  vi.,  t.  598. 

Closely  allied  to  S,  decurrens,  but  with  all  the 
segments  of  the  frond  undivided,  and  the  sori,  which 
cover  the  surface,  inserted  in  very  deep  cavities,  so  as 
to  form  a  series  of  pointed  teat-like  protuberances  over 
the  upper  surface.     Hab.  :  Molucca  Isles. 

This  distinct-looking  and  handsome  Fern  has  been 
recently  introduced  from  one  of  the  Molucca  Isles  by 
the  Compagnie  Continentale  d'Horticulture,  and  is 
figured  in  the  publication  {Illustration  Horticole) 
which  emanates  from  their  establishment.  It  bears 
considerable  resemblance  to  Sagenia  decurrens,  espe- 
cially in  the  winged  rachis  and  stipes  ;  but  as  far  as 

•  Alh(ca{Eiialbuca)  corymboia.  Baker,  n.  sp. — Bulbo  glo. 
boso,  collo  brevi,  tunicis  apice  fibrosis ;  fotiis,  6—8,  sub-tereti- 
bus  glabris  utrinque  convexis  ;  pedunculo  tereti  foliis  breviori  ; 
floribus,  5 — 6,  inodoris  in  corymbum  lajtum,  dispositis,  pedicellis 
elongatis  erectis  ;  bracteis  ovatisvix  ovato-Ianceolatis ;  peri.inthio 
hiteo-vir  idi :  staminibus  exterioribus  castratia  ;  stylo  prisma* 
tico  ovario  aequilongo. 

t  Tritonia  {Mantbretia\  Witsoni  (Baker),  n.  sp.— Cormo 
globoso  tunicis  brunneis  reticulatis  ;  caule  gracili  tereti  bipedali ; 
foliis  5 — 6  anguste  linearibus  firmis  glabris  subquadrangularibus, 
3  subbasalibus  reliquis  superpositis  longe  segregatis  ;  spicis 
laxifloris  simplicibus  vel  furcatis,  spathae  valvis  lanceolatis 
Integris  inatqualibus  ;  floribus  albido-puipureis  ;  perianthii  tubo 


July  io,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


39 


we  can  ascertain,  the  lower  pair  of  segments  (pinnas) 
are  not  forl<ed  as  they  are  in  that  plant,  and  the 
mamillose  surface  is  quite  peculiar. 

The  plant  has  a  stout  caudex,  apparently  erect,  and, 
like  the  erect  moderately  stout  short  stipes,  is  fur- 
nished with  greyish  scales.  The  early  fronds  are 
simple,  lanceolate,  narrow  pointed,  the  succeeding 
ones  bear  one  pair  of  segments,  which  would  be 
pinna:  if  they  were  not  united  by  the  broad  leafy 
wing  of  the  rachis.  In  the  largest  fronds  we  have 
seen,  and  which  were  fully  fertile,  there  are  six  pairs 
of  these  side  lobes,  the  entire  frond  being  about  2  feet 
high,  of  a  firm,  stoutish  membranous  texture,  and  a 
dark  green  colour.  The  costa  is  prominent  on  the 
under-surtace,  and  from  it  branch  out  the  numerous 
conspicuous  pinnate  veins,  which  are  slightly  bent  in 
parallel  curves,  and  united  by  anastomosing  veinlets, 
which  ultimately  form  small  four-sided  areoles,  in- 
cluding a  sorus  attached  to  the  end  of  a  free  veinlet. 
The  sori  are  copious,  and  form  transverse  lines 
parallel  to  and  on  each  side  the  pinnate  primary 
veins,  extending  from  the  costa  to  the  margin  ;  these 
sori  being  very  prominent  on  the  upper  surface  form 
a  regular  close-set  series  of  pointed  nipple- like  eleva- 
tions, which  give  a  peculiar  roughened  or  rasp-like 
appearance  to  the  surface  as  seen  in  the  fresh  unpressed 
fronds  ;  on  the  under-surfaoe  the  sori,  which  are  sunk 
in  deep  pits,  are  covered  by  the  reniform  indusia.  In 
some  few  Assam  fronds  of  S.  decurrens  which  we  have 
seen,  there  is  an  indication  of  a  similar  set  of  pro- 
tuberances, but  they  are  not  so  much  elevated  nor 
acutely  pointed,  but  give  the  frond  more  of  a  bullate 
than  a  mamillose  appearance. 

As  a  garden  plant  it  will  form  a  bold  and  highly 
characteristic  species,  quite  desirable  in  a  collection 
which  goes  beyond  the  elegancies  of  Maidenhairs 
and  such-like  subjects.  It  requires  the  temperature 
of  a  hothouse,  but  is  a  very  free  grower,  and  a  good 
specimen  would  be  a  telling  object  either  in  the 
Fern-house  or  the  exhibition  tent.  The  figure  above 
quoted  gives  a  very  good  idea  of  its  general  ap- 
pearance, except  that,  being  much  reduced  to  suit  the 
size  of  the  page,  the  representation  is  not  equal  to 
the  reality.   T.  Moore. 

MORMODES  LHXATUM  {LindUy)  PURPURATUM, 

710V.  var.f  Rchb.  f. 
Last  year  the  variety  called  punctatum  appeared 
in  July.  Now  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart,,  M.P., 
P.R.H.S.,  has  most  kindly  favoured  me  with  a  spe- 
cimen of  a  new  variety.  Its  flowers  are  light  mauve- 
purple.  The  sepals  and  petals  bear  on  their  inner 
side  lines  of  numerous  dark  small  spots  of  the  same 
colour.  The  side  laciniae  of  the  lip  are  much  darker 
than  the  central  part.  It  is  one  of  Mr.  F.  Sander's 
importations,  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


THE    GENUS    ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM. 

{Continuid  from  p.  757,  vol.  jcx-i.) 
The  coronarium  section  is  a  small  one,  but  dis- 
tinct in  habit  of  growth  and  flower  from  all  the  other 
Odontoglossums,  The  four  which  comprise  the 
section  may  perhaps  be  considered  as  varieties  of  the 
same  thing,  differing  in  stature  according  to  the 
localities  from  whence  they  are  collected.  They  have 
all  the  same  running  habit,  the  old  form  of  O,  coro- 
narium being  the  largest,  and  having  the  pseudobulbs 
divided  by  the  greatest  length  of  rhizome.  All  have 
flattish-oval,  dark  green  pseudobulbs,  more  or  less 
stained  with  brown,  and  leathery  leaves.  They  thrive 
best  in  the  coolest  and  shadiest  part  of  the  Odonto- 
glossura  house,  and  should  be  placed  in  long  baskets, 
which  by  the  presence  of  the  peat  and  sphagnum 
offers  facilities  for  the  newly  running  growths  to  root. 
When  re-basketed  the  leading  growths  should  be  kept 
as  far  back  as  possible  to  allow  of  their  having  rooting 
room  before  them,  and  if  the  plants  have  occupied  all 
this,  and  it  is  not  desirable  to  shift  them,  a  raft  with 
sphagnum  moss  should  be  fixed  to  the  basket  (like 
the  bowsprit  of  a  ship),  in  order  to  afford  accommoda- 
tion for  the  growths  beyond  the  basket.  O.  coro- 
narium and  its  varieties  require  a  free  supply  of  water 
all  the  year  round,  but  more  particularly  when 
growing. 

Odontoglossum  coronarium  was  found  by 
Schlim  (who  describes  it  as  growing  on  the  ground), 
many  years  ago,  near  La  Baja,  in  the  province  of  Pam- 
plona, at  the  height  of  7000  feet.  Out  of  the  many 
small  importations  of  it  but  few  survived,  and  those 


quickly  disappeared,  until  of  late  years— the  plants 
being  collected  at  the  proper  time,  and  the  journey 
being  quicker  made— better  specimens  have  arrived, 
which  most  of  our  Orchid  growers  succeed  well  with, 
but  many  of  them  still  fail  to  get  their  plants  to  flower. 
Good  growth  being  put  on  the  plants,  however,  the 
flowers  are  sure  to  follow  regularly  enough  after 
the  plants  get  acclimatised  with  us,  or,  rather, 
used  to  their  altered  conditions  under  cultivation. 
The  flower-spikes  are  often  ij  foot  high,  bearing 
a  score  of  wax-like  flowers,  with  bright  chestnut- 
brown  sepals  and  petals,  and  a  yellow  lip  blotched 
with  crimson. 

O.  MiNiATUM.— This  may  be  regarded  as  a  more 
compact  and  freer  flowering  O.  coronarium ;  the 
flowers  are  borne  in  the  same  way,  each  2  inches 
across,  bright  chestnut-brown,  edged  with  yellow  ;  lip 
yellow,  the  base  and  column  being  marked  with  red, 
Peru  :  6000  feet. 

O.  BKEViFOLiUM  is  the  dwarfest  of  the  section. 
Hartweg  found  it  high  up  on  the  Cordillera  of  Peru, 
near  Loxa,  The  leaves  are  always  short  and  blunt, 
and  often  broad  as  long.  Flower  similar  to  those  of 
O.  miniatum. 

O,  CHIRIQUENSE,  Prof,  H.  G.  Reichenbach,  in 
Bo/.  Zeilims,  October  i,  1S52  ;  Lindley,  in  Folia 
Orchidacea,  Odontoglossum,  62.—"  Flowers  as  large 
as  Oncidium  crispum,  Reich,  Leaves  in  twos,  large 
and  green.  Sepals  brown.  Petals  and  lip  golden. 
Warscewicz  ;  on  the  Cordillera  of  Chiriqui,  at  the 
height  of  9000  feet,  on  decayed  trunks." 

This  is  no  doubt  the  Chiriqui  form  of  O.  coro- 
narium, and  little  was  known  of  it  until  Messrs.  F. 
Sander  &  Co.  exhibited  it  at  the  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  June  22,  this  year.  It  resem- 
bles a  light  form  of  O.  coronarium,  and  certainly  calls 
to  mind  the  Oncidium  crispum,  with  which  Professor 
Reichenbach  compares  it,  although  the  flowers  are 
much  thicker  in  texture.  Messrs.  Sander's  plant  had, 
however,  a  light  brown  blotch  on  the  lip  and  brown 
marbling  on  the  petals,  which  may  also  have  been  on 
the  typical  plant,  but  which  disappeared  in  the  drying 
of  the  flowers,  or  there  may  be  varieties  with  petals  and 
lip  wholly  yellow.  It  has  the  running  habit  of  the 
typical  O.  coronarium,  and  requires  the  same  mode 
of  culture. 

The  plant  is  interesting  as  being  one  of  the  few  we 
have  record  of  as  growing  on  decayed  trees.  Some 
more  recent  traveller  might  tell  us  whether  the  habit 
is  constant,  &c. 

O.  L.'EVE, — Found  in  Guatemala  by  Skinner  and 
Hartweg,  and  described  by  Lindley  in  Bot.  Reg., 
1844.  It  flowered  in  the  gardens  of  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society  in  1842,  Flowers  on  stout  ascend- 
ing spikes,  sepals  and  petals  yellowish,  barred  with 
brown,  lip  pandurate,  white,  rose  at  the  base.  This  is 
a  very  variable  species  running  from  the  smaller 
figured  form  into  the  higher  variety  named  O.  Reich- 
enheimii,  but  which  should  more  properly  be  called 
O.  Iseve  Reichenheimii.  This  seems  to  be  the 
strongest  and  handsomest  form  of  O.  Isve,  some  of 
the  varieties  being  very  beautiful  ;  the  sepals  and 
petals,  which  have  a  glossy  appearance,  are  yellowish, 
broadly  banded  with  chocolate-brown,  the  lip  vary- 
ing in  different  specimens  from  white  tinged  with 
rose  to  pink  blotched  with  violet.  A  very  handsome 
variety  of  the  largest  and  darkest  kind  recently 
bloomed  with  ].  Nevile  Wyatt,  Esq.,  at  Cheltenham, 
bearing  very  handsome  fragrant  flowers.  O.  1, 
auratum,  a  pretty  form,  flowered  first  by  Mr.  F.  W. 
Moore  of  Glasnevin,  and  afterwards  named  from  speci- 
men of  Major  Lendy  of  Sunbury  House,  Sunbury-on- 
Thames.  It  has  a  very  narrow  lip,  a  little  dilated  at 
the  apex  and  acute  at  the  top. 

O.  HASTILABIUM.— This  is  a  very  pretty  strong 
growing  cool  Orchid,  first  flowered  at  Syon  House 
in  1846  on  a  plant  received  from  Pamplona,  alt. 
2500  feet.  Flowers  nearly  3  inches  in  diameter, 
sepals  and  petals  pale  green,  even  barred  with 
purplish-brown,  lip  broadly  hastate,  white,  purple  at 
the  base. 

O.  CARINIFERUM. — This,  which  is  figured  in  Bot. 
Mag.,  4919,  as  O.  hastilabium  fuscatum,  is  amply 
distinct  from  O,  hastilabium.  The  flowers  are  borne 
on  loosely  branching  panicles,  sepals  and  petals 
greenish  stained  with  brown  on  the  inner  side,  lip 
three-lobed,  white,  changing  to  yellowish  in  the 
frontiportion,  rose'at  the  base.  Veraguas:  9000  feet. 
These  four  are  strictly  speaking  cool-house  plants, 
but  do  not  require  so  much  water  when  the  pseudo- 
bulbs are  mature  as  the  O.  crispum  section,  James 
O'Brien. 


HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  IN  THE 
FLOWER  GARDEN. 

Although  the  collection  of  hardy  plants  at  Hale 
Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  is  "  familiar  as  house- 
hold words  "  amongst  hardy'  plant  growers,  a  few 
notes  on  some  of  the  more  striking  kinds  in  blossom 
early  in  June,  may  possibly  be  of  use  to  those  who 
find  some  difficulty  in  keeping  up  a  good  supply 
between  spring  and  summer.  The  slightly  di- 
minished quantity  of  herbaceous  flowers  between  the 
two  seasons  is  hardly  noticed  in  gardens  where  flower- 
ing shrubs  are  well  grown  ;  for  in  May  and  early  in 
June,  these  shrubs  being  usually  at  their  best,  may 
well  fill  a  garden  with  beauty.  In  hardy-plant  cul- 
ture one  hint  may  well  be  taken  from  the  old  half- 
hardy  "  bedding  "  system— the  excellent  effect  often 
attainable  by  planting  a  mass  of  one  flower. 
Some  plants,  it  is  true,  are  most  effective  when 
seen  as  single  specimens  ;  but  in  many  cases  a  group 
large  or  small,  is  far  preferable  to  a  single  plant  of 
each  kind.  This  is  well  illustrated  at  Mr.  Ware's  in 
the  masses  of  many  hardy  plants  which  one  generally 
sees  dotted  about  separately.  For  instance,  Dode- 
catheonsplendidum— of  which  hundreds  of  plants  are 
grown  together— forms  a  sheet  of  bright  purple  ;  and 
though  the  great  quantity  of  this  and  of  many  other 
flowers  grown  in  this  nursery,  may  not  be  available 
in  ordinary  gardens,  much  of  the  effect  may  be 
obtained  by  smaller  groups.  Whether  grown  singly 
or  in  groups,  Dodecatheon  splendens,  and  the 
white  form  of  D.  Meadia,  should  find  a  place  in 
every  rockery.  The  latter  should  be  planted  where 
it  can  be  looked  at  closely,  as  both  in  colour 
and  form  it  is  singularly  pretty.  The  large  pale 
blue  Camassia  Fraseri  looks  far  better  as  a  group 
than  when  planted  singly ;  and  C,  Leichtlini  (a 
darker  blue  than  the  typical  C,  esculenta)  is  a  good 
plant.  It  is  entirely  different  in  habit  and  colour 
from  the  plant  grown  under  the  same  name  in  the 
Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden.  Another  beautiful  blue 
flower,  especially  adapted  for  grouping,  is  Ixiolirion 
tartaricum.  St.  Bruno's  Lily,  Anthericum  liliastrutn, 
is  perhaps  equally  beautiful,  whether  planted  in 
separate  bunches  or  in  large  groups  ;  at  Hale  Farm 
it  is  grown  in  profusion,  as  is  also  the  earlier 
"  Wood  Lily,"  Trillium  grandiflorum,  an  excellent 
subject  for  grouping  in  shady  spots.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  Primula  japonica  and  various  other 
Primulas,  which  lose  much  of  their  effect  when 
planted  separately.  P.  luteola,  though  not  one  of  the 
prettiest  of  Primulas,  is  of  value  from  its  late-flower- 
ing habit  ;  it  comes  in  well  for  May  or  June  with  P. 
japonica.  and  if  grown  in  groups  its  yellow  colour 
is  effective.  The  small  form  of  Thalictrum  minor, 
var.  adiantifolium,  is  much  better  as  a  foliage  plant 
than  the  type.  For  garden  purposes  the  two  kinds 
are. quite  distinct. 

The  value  of  Pseonies,  both  single  and  double,  as 
cut  flowers,  has  been  well  shown  in  Mr,  Ware's 
stand  of  hardy  flowers  in  the  conservatory  at  the 
Colonial  Exhibition  ;  and  also  that  of  the  single 
Pyrethrums,  which  are  as  useful  for  garden  as  for  cut 
flower  decoration.  Arranged  lightly  with  Ox-eye 
Daisies  and  golden  Doronicums  these  bright  red  and 
pink  flowers  are  peculiarly  effective.  Amongst  the 
best  are  Sherlock,  Hamlet,  and  a  new  deep  crimson 
kind  ;  Mrs.  Bateman  Brown. 

Onosma  taurica  flowers  profusely  planted  on  rock- 
work  without  any  protection  from  damp,  or  other 
special  treatment  ;  but  io  parts  of  the  country  where 
the  winter  climate  is  less  dry  than  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London  the  protection  of  a  piece  of  glass, 
not  close  enough  to  exclude  the  air,  would  probably 
be  of  use.  Nothing  is  better  than  part  of  a  broken 
clocAe,  as  an  unbroken  cap-glass  prevents  sufficient 
circulation  of  air  for  plants  requiring  this  very  slight 
amount  of  protection,  and  the  pieces  of  curved  glass 
often  fit  on  between  stones  in  rockwork  as  no  cap- 
glass  can  do.  Probably  at  no  time  of  year  would  a 
visit  to  the  Hale  Farm  Nurseries  be  of  greater  in- 
terest than  when  the  Lilies  and  later  Irises  are 
in  blossom.  Large  beds  of  L.  monadelphum 
(Colchicum)  and  other  choice  Lilies  must  be  a  beau- 
tiful sight.  But  of  all  summer  flowers  none  can 
surpass  in  beauty  some  of  the  Irises,  and  yet  in  how 
many  gardens  but  few  kinds  are  grown,  and  those  by 
no  means  always  the  best.  They  will  probably  make 
their  way  as  the  Nacissus  has  done,  and  the  sooner 
the  better,  for  a  garden  without  a  good  selection  of 
Irises  has  a  pleasure  lost.     I,  pallida  racemosa  and 


40 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


rjui.Y  10, 1886. 


I.  pallida  Celeste  are  hardly  inferior  in  beauty,  though 
smaller  in  size,  to  the  exquisite  I.  pallida  dalmatica  j 
and  they  flower  somewhat  earlier— at  the  same  time 
as  some  of  the  earlier  forms  of  the  "  variegata  "  and 
so  called  "germanica"  sections.  Amongst  the  latter 
eaily  forms  of  Iris  the  pure  while  I.  albicans,  and  a 
blue  and  white  form,  IVIadame  Chereau,  are  of  great 
beauty  ;  I.  Gracchus,  Victoiine,  Darius,  Penelope, 
Qaeen  of  IVIay,  and  Bridesmaid  are  also  beautiful, 
and  no  collection  should  be  without  the  rather 
dwarf  Iris  cengialli,  a  lovely  blue  kind,  flower- 
ing two  or  three  times  in  the  season — a  rare  advantage 
amongst  Irises,  for  though  the  Iris  season  may  be 
made  to  last  through  a  great  part  of  the  year,  it  must 
be  by  a  careful  selection  of  species,  each  of  rather  short 
duration.  A  little  rock  shrub  as  distinct  as  it  is 
pretty,  is  Helianthemum  rosmarinilolium,  with  small 
white  flowers  (a  miniature  "  rock  Rose  ")  and  dark 
green  foliage,  well  described  by  its  specific  name  ; 
and  if  Tamarisk  would  always  flower  as  freely  as  it 
does  here  it  should  be  in  every  collection  of  shrubs. 
Its  feathery  fuliage  is  always  pretty,  reminding  one  of 
some  Dacrydium-like  Conifer ;  but  when  covered 
with  equally  feathery  wreaths  of  pale  pink  flowers  it 
is  still  more  effective.  The  bright  yellow  Genista-like 
flowers  of  Thermopsis  fabacea  var.  montana,  and  the 
curious  orange-buff  colour  of  Orobus  aurantiacus 
make  them  good  additions  to  the  hardy  flower 
garden,  as  do  the  brilliant  colours,  yellow,  white,  and 
orange  of  the  Iceland  Poppies  (Papaver  nudicaule), 
and  the  many  shades  of  Ixias,  including  the  crimson 
I.  crateroides. 

Amongst  June  blue  flowers,  Linum  narbonense, 
Triteleia  laxa,  Pentsteraon  glaber  (with  a  shade  of 
pink  through  it)  ;  and  amongst  pink  flowers.  Lychnis 
viscariafl.-pl.  splendens,and  Lychnis  (Agrostema)  Flos- 
Jovis,  are  worth  growing;  and  Phlox  ovata,  a  dwarf, 
but  not  a  trailing  kind,  is  beautiful  when  grown  in  a 
mass.  Armeria  cephalotes  rubra,  and  the  pretty 
coral-red-flowered  Heuchera  sanguinea  are  grown 
here,  and  there  is  a  large  stock  of  Androsace  sarmen- 
tosa,  also  a  stock  of  the  silver-leaved  A.  lanuginosa. 
Even  where  the  climate  is  too  damp  for  the  successful 
culture  of  Swiss  Androsaces  on  rockwork,  these  two 
Indian  kinds  may  be  induced  to  grow  well  by  the 
slight  protection  of  a  piece  of  glass  to  keep  off  rain, 
but  not  to  exclude  the  air.  Amongst  these  small 
rock  plants  the  beautiful  Cyclobothra  pulchella,  with 
its  small  yellow  Colochortus-like  flowers,  is  worthy 
of  trial ;  and  amongst  bog  plants  there  is  a  pretty 
kind  of  Pinguicula,  called  here  P.  longifolia,  the  blue 
flowers  of  which  have  a  large  white  eye. 

Gloxinia  tuberosa  (not  yet  in  blossom)  is  of  in- 
terest as  a  hardy  plant  belonging  to  a  family  almost 
all  of  which  require  stove  or  greenhouse  treatment  • 
and  of  still  greater  botanical  interest  are  Primula 
imperialis  and  Iris  Robinsoniana,  outlying  species  of 
two  great  genera,  both  of  which  are  absent  from  Aus- 
tralia, and  both  species  being  probably  the  nearest  of 
any  in  their  habitats  to  the  Australian  continent.  P. 
imperialis  has  been  found  on  one  of  the  mountains  in 
Java,  though  I  think  it  has  been  introduced  into  this 
country  from  India  ;  it  is  yellow,  flowering  in  whorls 
like  P.  japonica,  but  as  yet  the  plant  does  not  seem 
to  have  attained  its  full  size  in  cultivation.  Iris 
or  rather  Dietes,  Robinsoniana  comes  from  Lord 
Howe's  Island  ;  it  is  one  of  the  very  few  Irises  from 
the  southern  hemisphere.  It  has  been  grown  for 
many  years  at  Kew,  but  has  never  flowered.  It  would 
be  interesting  to  try  this  Iris  in  various  positions 
under  glass  and  in  the  open  air  in  the  milder  parts  of 
the  country,  so  as,  if  possible,  to  induce  it  to  blos- 
som. Mr.  Ware  has  a  stock  of  it,  and  also  of  the 
New  Zealand  Ranunculus  Lyalli,  "Shepherds'  Lily," 
which  will  probably  succeed  best  when  treated  as'a 
bog  plant,  but  one  whose  hardiness  has  not  yet  been 
proved  ;  another  good  new  plant  is  Primula  Rusbyi, 
from  California,  which  appears  to  be  perfectly  hardy. 


C.  M.  Owen. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

ACONITUM  DISSECTUM,  Cartenfiora,  April,  fig.  16. 

Alocasia  augustiana.  Illustration  Horticok, 
t.  S9J.— A  species  with  spotted  petioles,  and  broad, 
cordate,  ovate-acute  leaves. 

Angr.1!CUM  CITRATUM,  niuslralion  Horticok 
'•  592- 

Beaufortia  splendens.  Illustration  Horticok 
t.  594. 

Calliopsis  Drummondii  and  C.  Atkinsoni, 
Garden,  May  29, 


Catasetum  Lehmanni,  Kegel,  Gartenflora,  t. 
1223,  figs,  a— G.— A  new  species  with  globose 
flowers,  green  segments,  and  a  pink  bag-shaped  lip. 
Colombia. 

C.  TABULARE  (Lindley)  var.  serrulata,  Rchb. 
f.,  Gartenflora,  t.  1223,  H— i. 

Cyrtoceras  refle.xum,  Revue  de  V Horticulture 
Beige,  May,  18S6.— A  stove  climber,  requiring  the 
same  treatment  as  its  near  ally,  Hoya. 

Iris  Douglasiana,  Gartenflora,  May,  t.  1222. 

A  Californian  species  of  the  beardless  section,  with 
pale  lilac  flower— segments,  striped  with  deeper 
purple,  and  flushed  with  yellow  at  the  base. 

L.-ELIA  harpophylla.  Revue  de  f Horticulture 
Beige,  May,  1SS6. 

LiLIUM  PARDALINUM,  Garden,  June  5. 

Salvia  HiANS,  Royle,  Gartenflora,  April,  t.   1221. 

Streptocarpus,  varieties  of.  Garden,  May  22. 


JESMOND    DENE    PARK. 

One   of  the   most   charming   wooded    resorts    in 
spring  and  summer  about   a   township    is   the   park 
given  by  Sir  William  Armstrong  to  the  people  of  New- 
castle, and  bearing  the  name  of  Jesmond  Dene.    It  is 
an  oblong  piece  of  ground,  extending  nearly  a  mile 
in  length  if  you  follow  the  winding  walks   sloping  on 
both  sides  to  a  stream,  not  very  pellucid  certainly, 
and  the  amphitheatre-like  form  on  both  sides  rising 
in  undulating  fashion,  the  acclivity  on  one  side  being 
particularly  steep,  especially  for  a  fiat  country,  and 
covered  with  large  deciduous  trees.     The  trees  give 
a  dignity  to  the  groundwork,  and  form,  when  covered 
with    leaves,     an    agreeable     shade    which    screens 
the  sun  in  its  meridian  glory,  whilst  the  leaves  fan 
the  atmosphere,   bringing  pleasing  sensations  to  the 
numeroui  promenaders.     It  was  delightful  to  see  on 
the  fine  Sunday  afternooon  that  the  writer  visited  this 
park  the  large  number  of  well-dressed,  well-behaved 
people   taking   advantage   of    the    promenade,    and 
admiring    Nature    in    some    of    her    most   pleasing 
forms,    without    resorting    to    that    species    of   Van- 
dalism    which    townspeople     are     sometimes     cre- 
dited   with.     There  was   abundance  of  bloom  of  a 
kind,  but  it  apparently  was  conserved  the  same,  as 
each  visitor  took  a  delight  in  seeing  it  there  for  the 
benefit   of    his   or   her    fellow-beings.       This   is   as 
it    ought   to    be.      Unfortunately   for    the    admirer 
of  Nature,  the  trees  and    plants   here,  as  in  almost 
every  other  public   park,   are   unnamed.      This   is, 
if  not  a  mistake,  at  least  something  remaining  to  be 
done.     Most  people  like  to  know  the  names  of  trees 
they  come  in  contact  with,  and  sometimes  inquire  into 
their  birth  and  parentage  ;  and  if  it  be  applicable  in 
the  one  case  it  is  equally  so!  in  the  other.     In  this 
age  of  progressive  intelligence,   when  the  Press  has 
become  so  powerful  an  engine  in  promoting  its  growth 
and  fostering  a  desire  for  increased  information,  the 
people  who  wander  about  public  parks  might  easily 
acquire  both  the  botanical  and   English  name  of  most 
of  the  trees  and  plants  that  come  before  the  eye  if  they 
were    prominently  labelled  ;    and    once    acquired,   it 
would  create  an  additional  zest  and  interest  in  reading 
about  them  in  the  various  prints. 

In  this  park  the  Plane  forms  a  very  conspicuous 
tree,  although  it  is  seldom  met  with  doing  well  in 
the  North  ;  all  along  the  glade  it  is  met  with  in 
good  sized  examples.  The  Lime,  the  Horse  Chest- 
nut, the  wild  Cherry,  the  Beech,  the  Oak,  the  Ash, 
the  Elder  and  the  Thorn  are  equally  at  home  ;  and 
whether  we  regard  the  columnar  form  of  some  of  the 
species,  or  the  wide-spreading  branches  of  others, 
in  regard  to  the  variety  of  leaf  form  and  the  various 
tints,  from  a  pale  green  to  the  young  bronzy  tints  of 
the  expanding  Sycamore,  they  present  a  beautiful 
feature  in  the  landscape  here.  Most  of  those  trees 
seem  to  have  been  planted  about  the  beginning  of 
the  century,  and  are  in  no  way  injured  by  hostile 
smoke  or  other  influences,  the  distance  from  the 
sites  of  factories  being  sufficient  to  insure  their  healthy 
growth. 

The  plants  of  lesser  stature  are  conspicuous,  more 
however,  from  their  numbers  than  from  their  variety. 
In  time,  doubtless,  this  will  be  rectified  ;  however] 
delightful  to  see  "London  Pride"  by  the  100,000 
spikes  growing  in  luxuriant  wildnessas  a  carpet  plant 
under  the  shade  of  the  trees,  still  a  little  less  of  it 
would  be  desirable.  No  doubt  there  are  lots  of  Saxi- 
frages and  Stonecrops,  and  Periwinkles  and  Arabis 
and  Sea  Pinks  and  Primroses  in  many  species  and 
varieties,   and  in   May  or  June   they  look   charm- 


ing with  Rhododendron  ponticum.  Azaleas,  Whin, 'and 
Heather,  springing  up  in  a  semi-natural-like  state 
amongst  them,  but  the  eye  longs  for  variety  of  both 
form  and  feature,  and  a  little  more  in  the  way  of  both 
alpine  and  the  larger  herbiceous  plants  would  be 
seen  to  great  advantage  in  this  beautiful  natural  dell. 
There  is  a  bit  of  rocky  shelving  about  the  bridge  at 
the  "Old  Mill,"  which  is  very  enjoyable,  where 
Sedums  and  Saxifrages  and  Periwinkles  hang  over, 
and  among  them  spring  Ferns  of  sorts,  but  not  enough 
of  them,  an  occasional  Rhododendron  and  Berberis 
with  the  rigid  Cotoneaster  covering  the  boulders  like 
a  cap  studded  with  multitudinous  white  flowers. 
This  is  one  of  the  best  looking  rock  plants  to  do  duty 
on  its  own  account  in  the  whole  of  the  Dene.  When 
the  entrance  and  exit  lodges  and  gates  have  been  put 
down  and  a  little  more  variety  has  been  introduced, 
this  park  will  not  only  be  appreciated  by  the  New- 
castle folks,  but  will  be  worthy  of  a  visit  from  all 
those  interested  in  parks  and  park  scenery.  J.  Ander- 


TUBEROSES. 

The  Colonies  just  now  are  in  the  ascendant,  and 
we  Britons  are  about  as  proud  and  self-coBscious  as 
any  old  hen  and  her  chicks— and  we  have  reason  to 
be.  In  these  days  demonstration  is  everything.  It 
does  not  do  to  read  of  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  that 
may  have  been  true  or  not,  but  we  did  not  see  it. 
Captain  Cook  may  have  discovered  that  part  of 
Australia  known  as  Botany  Bay,  but  we  were  not 
there  to  see  him  do  it.  Nevertheless  the  exhibits  at 
South  Kensington  furnish  proof  suflicient  even  for  an 
examiner,  and  so  we  trust  the  illustration  we  now 
give  of  Tuberose  growing  in  Natal  (fig.  S),  may  aflfurd 
satisfactory  evidence,  even  to  those  who  have  not  been 
there,  that  there  is  such  a  colony  as  Natal,  and  that 
the  Tuberose  is  grown  there  pretty  extensively,  fur- 
nishing employment  to  Europeans  and  to  natives, 
and  thus  contributing  not  only  to  the  luxuries  of  the 
"classes  "  at  home,  but  supplying  also  a  potent  factor 
in  the  spread  of  civilisation  among  the  masses,  black 
as  well  as  white. 

Messrs.  Edwards  &  Bell,  of  Pietermaritzburg— to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  the  photograph  whence 
our  illustration  was  taken— tell  us  that  they  have 
under  cultivation  more  than  12  acres  of  the  "double 
South  African  Tuberose,"  and  which  is  grown  chiefly 
for  the  London  and  the  Paris  markets.  Polianthes 
tuberosa  was  first  mentioned  by  L'Escluse  (Clusius)  in 
1594,  and  was  probably  originally  introduced  from 
Mexico.  The  name  of  Polianthes  is  derived  from 
folios,  white,  and  anthos,  flower,  and  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  Polyanthus— from  polus,  many,  and 
anthos,  flower— a  term  applied  to  umbellate  Primroses. 


NOTES    ON    SOME    CHINESE 
ECONOMIC   PLANTS. 

Recent  contributions  to  the  Kew  Herbarium  from 
various  persons,  and  investigations  in  connection  with 
the  forthcoming  Index  Floret  Sinensis,  have  brought 
to  light  some  interesting  facts  worthy  of  putting  on 
record.  Firstly,  there  is  a  small  collection  of  dried 
specimens  of  economic  plants  from  the  western  pro- 
vince of  Szechuen,  made  and  presented  by  F.  S.  A. 
Bouine,  Esq.,  H.  M.  Consular  Agent  at  Chungking 
or  Chungching,  the  capital  of  the  province  in  question. 
Mr.  Bourne  sends  transliterations  of  the  Chinese 
names  and  notes  on  the  uses  of  the  plants,  which  are 
given  below  in  his  own  words. 

Brassicaceous  Plants. 
The  specimens  are  not  in  all  cases  complete  enough 
for  absolute  specific  identification,  which  is  almost 
impossible  in  the  absence  of  ripe  or  nearly  ripe 
fruit;  but,  together  with  their  names  and  notes, 
collated  with  other  sources  of  information,  they  are 
sufficient  to  show  that  they  belong  to  two  species 
to  which  most  of  the  various  namei  given  to  Chinese 
Brassicaceous  herbs  are  reducible.  They  are:— i.  Bras- 
sica  campestris,  Linnxus,  syn.  B.  chinensis,  Linnsus; 
Sinapis  pekinensis,  Loureiro,  and  probably  also  B. 
oleracea.  Lour.  ;  2.  Brassica  juucea.  Hooker  fil,  and 
Thomson,  syn.  Sinapis  juncea,  Linn.  ;  S.  chinensis, 
Linn.  ;  and  S.  brassicata,  Linn.  There  is  a  third  cul- 
tivated species,  B.  cernua,  Thunberg,  but  Mr.  Bourne 
sends  nothing  that  is  referable  to  this.  Brassica 
violacea,  Linn.,  recorded  from  China,  is  an  obscure 


July  io,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


41 


plant,  of  which  no  authentic  specimen  exists.  Dr.  F, 
P.  Smith  [^Contributions  toauards  the  Materia  Medica 
and  Natural  History  of  China,  p.  197)  states  that 
both  the  white  and  black  Mustards  (Brassica  and  B. 
nigra)  are  cultivated  in  China,  and  that  the  latter  is 
indigenous,  but  his  botany  is  often  faulty.  There 
are  no  Chinese  specimens  of  either  in  the  Kew  Her- 
barium, and  Bretscbneider  in  his  various  works 
nowhere,  that  I  can  find,  mentions  Mustard.  In  fact, 
the  Chinese  names  cited  by  Smith  for  the  white  and 
black  Mustard  respectively  are  given  by  Bretscbneider 
(Early  Researches,  p.  137)  to  Sinapis  chinensis  and 
S.  brassicata,  varieties  of  Brassica  juncea. 

I.  Kao  ts'ai  (Brassica  juDcea  ?). — Seeds  pressed  for 
oil,  of  which  immense  quantities  are  used  for  light 
and  cooking.     Plant  not  eaten, 


Various     Vegetables. 

6.  Tun^   kao  ts'ai    (Chrysanthemum   segetum). — 
Eaten  when  small. 

7.  7<»^j'ai(SpinaoeaoIeracia).— Spinach  cultivated. 
8    IVo  shengts'ai  (Lactucascariola  var.  ?).— A  kind 

of  Lettuce. 

9.  Tung   han    ts'ai  (Milva   verticillita).— Eiten 
when  small  in  soup. 

10.  Yen  ts'ai  (Coriandrum  sativum,  ?).— Eaten  as 
salad  when  young  ;  good  for  a  cold. 

11.  Tien  ts'ai  (Beta  vulgaris).— Stalks  and  leaves 
eaten  boiled. 

12.  C/iV»<^j'ai(A.piumgraveolens). — Celery;  stalks 
and  leaves  eaten  fried. 

I  J.   Ch'iao  iifii  (Fagopyrum  esculentum).— Buck- 


remarkable  strength  and  beauty.  It  seems  to  prefer 
rock.  I  have  noticed  in  several  cases  that  a  loose 
shale  or  sandstone  dipping  at  such  an  angle  that  the 
roots  cm  push  their  way  between  the  layers  of  strata, 
supports  the  finest  trees.  Such  success  excites  the 
wonder,  and  often  the  worship  of  the  villagers.  When 
there  is  a  bigger  harvest  than  usual,  the  big  tree  gets  the 
credit.  There  is  one  13  miles  to  the  south  of  Chung- 
king, growing  directly  upon  loose  sandstone  dipping 
at  an  angle  of  85°,  the  branches  of  which  have  a 
radius  of  16  yards.  The  largest  branch  has  a  cir- 
cumference of  6 1  inches  4  feet  from  the  trunk,  whence 
it  extends  iS  yards  at  a  height  of  only  8  feet  above  the 
ground.  There  are  many  larger  trees.  The  pecu- 
liarity of  this  one  is  that  the  branches  shoot  out 
borijontally  from  the  top  of  gigantic  gnarled  roots,  so 


Fig.  8. — tuberose  growing  in  natal,     (see  p.  40  ) 


2.  Pai  ts'ai  (Brassica  campestris).  — When  young 
plant  eaten  as  Cabbage  ;  cultivated  also  for  its  seeds, 
from  which  oil  is  pressed  and  used  as  above. 

3.  Hung  yti  ts'ai  (Brassica  campestris  var.).— Cul- 
tivated for  its  seeds,  from  which  an  inferior  oil  is 
pressed,  and  used  as  above. 

4.  Yu  ts'ai  (Brassica  campestris  var.).  —  Culti- 
vated for  its  seeds,  from  which  a  fragrant  oil  is 
pressed  better  than  above  qualities. 

5.  Ch'ing  ts'ai  (Brassica  juncea  var.  ?.)— This  is 
peculiar  to  the  province  where  it  is  cultivated  in 
immense  quantities,  dried  in  the  sun,  pickled,  and 
eaten  with  Rice.  The  French  bishop  here  tells  me 
that  it  is  a  cross  between  Cabbage  and  Mustard 
seeds  sent.  The  seeds  are  sown  here  in  October, 
with  a  maximum  temperature  of  78°  Fahr.,  and  a 
minimum  temperature  of  64'  in  the  twenty-four 
hours.     The  plant  is  pulled  in  March. 


wheat ;  two  crops  a  year,  in   spring   and   autumn ; 
cheaper  than  Wheat. 

14.  La    ts'ai  (Brassica   juncea  ?). — Young   leaves 
eaten  ;  flavour  of  Rhubarb. 

15.  Han  ts'ai  (Amaranthus  gangeticus).— Eaten  as 
salad. 

16.  Wing    ts'ai    (Ipomcei    aquatica). — Grows    in 
moist  ground  ;  leaf  and  stalk  eaten  fried  in  oil. 

17.  Taeh'ing   ming  ts'ai   (Anaphalis   contorta). — 
Eaten  when  tender  (in  April),  boiled. 

Notable  Trees. 
Huang kuo'shu  (Ficus  infectoria). — This  is  the  tree 
about  which  travellers  in  Szechuen  speak  so  often  and 
not  without  reason.  It  is  generally  called  Banyan, 
but  it  is  surely  not  the  true  Banyan.  Natives  say  that 
it  grows  nowhere  but  in  this  province.  It  is  a  tree  of 
thin  growth,  but,  where  it  finds  a  suitable  habitat,  of 


that  there  is  scarcely  any  trunk.  Another  specimen 
close  to  Chungking  is  76  feet  high,  and  has  a  radius 
o(  about  20  yards.  The  wood  is  soft,  and  of  little 
value.     It  is  an  evergreen. 

Ch'ing  hang  (Quercus  dentata  ?)  — Charcoal  made 
from  the  wood  of  this  tree  is  used  for  smelting  ore. 
The  mount  lin  silkworm  is  fed  on  its  leaves. 

A'ou  shu  (Wickstroemia  chamaedaphne  ?). — The 
birk  of  this  plant  affords  an  excellent  paper-making 
fibre.     The  leaves  are  made  into  incense. 

San  I'iao  chin  (Litsea  sp. ). — This  specimen  was 
taken  from  an  evergreen  tree  about  20  feet  high,  of 
rounded  appearance,  bearing,  the  people  said,  white 
flowers.     This  is  the  only  specimen  I  have  seen. 

Dye  Plants. 

In  a  small  parcel  of  Chinese  plants  from   Corea, 

chiefly  such  as  are  used  in  dyeing,  lately  sent  to  Kew 


42 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IJULY    10,    l8 


by  W.  R.  Carles,  Esq.,  there  were  specimens  of 
"Tiyen  (ai,"  which  is  most  lii<ely  the  saine  as  the 
Teinching  of  Kortune  (iVanicrins^s  in  China,  i., 
p.  2J4),  a  species  of  Isatis.  Carles'  plant  is  doubtless 
Isatis  tinctotia,  though  liretschneider  (A'oles  en 
Botanical  Questions,  p.  8)  asserts  that  it  is  not  met 
with  in  China.  It  is  true  that  Kortune  gave  his  plant 
another  name  {Journ.  Hort  Soc.  Land.,  i.,  p.  269, 
with  a  woodcut  figure),  Isatis  indigotica;  but  it  is  not, 
so  far  as  the  fiijure  and  description  go,  different  from 
the  ommon  European  species,  which  is  also  found  in 
Northwest  India. 

Two  other  important  Chinese  dye-plants,  namely, 
Rhamnus  chlorophorus  and  R.  utilis,  of  Decaisnj, 
which  yield  the  famous  green  indigo,  or  vertdc  Chine, 
I  have  lately  had  occasion  to  examine,  with  the  result 
that  I  could  not  distinguish  them  from  previously 
described  species.  A  great  deal  has  been  written 
concerning  these  two  shrubs,  including  a  very  elabo- 
rate work  of  200  pages,  by  Rondot,  with  beautiful 
figures  of  the  plants  by  Riocreux,  and  specimens  of 
silk  dyed  with  vert  tie  Chine.  This  book  was  pub- 
lished under  the  auspices  of  the  Lyons  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  After  a  careful  comparison  o(  all  the 
Chinese  species  of  Rhamnus  I  have  reduced  R,  utilis 
of  D.;caisne  to  R.  davuricus  of  Pallas  ;  and  Maxi- 
mowicz  treats  the  latter  as  a  variety  of  R.  catharticus 
of  LinnKUS ;  but  as  it  is  distinguishable  and  already 
possesses  a  name,  I  have  preferred  retaining  it  as  an 
independent  species,  though  it  cannot  be  denied  that 
it  is  very  closely  allied  to  R.  catharticus.  Authentic 
specimens  of  R.  davuricus  and  of  R.  utilis  are  so 
exactly  alike  that  there  can  be  no  question  of  their 
specific  identity.  I  should  add  that  R.  davuricus,  as 
extended  by  Lawson  in  Hooker's  Flora  of  British 
India,  i.,  p.  639,  is  a  very  heterogeneous  species, 
which  few  botanists,  I  imagine,  will  accept. 

Turning  to  the  second  species  of  Rhamnus  which 
yields  the  dye  (R.  chlorophorus,  Decaisne),  I  cannot 
in  any  way  distinguish  it  from  the  European  R.  tinc- 
torius.  Almost  exact  counterparts  of  authentic  R. 
chlorophorus.  Dene.,  and  of  R,  globosus,  Bunge, 
another  reputed  Chinese  species,  are  to  be  found 
among  the  European  specimens  of  R.  tinctorius  in 
the  Kew  Herbarium.  Of  course  this  is  only  one  of 
many  instances  of  European  plants  recurring  in  China, 
though  apparently  absent  Irom  a  vast  intermediate 
area.  In  this  connection  I  may  mention  that  the 
remarkably  distinct  Caucasian  Euonymus  nanus,  a 
species  that  is  in  cultivation  at  Kew,  has  comparatively 
recently  been  collected  in  Turkestan,  Mongolia,  and 
in  the  mountains  of  Kansuh,  Western  China,  at  an 
elevation  of  7500  feet. 

Besides  the  two  species  of  Rhamnus,  R.  davuricus 
and  R.  tinctorius,  at  least  one  other  is  employed  in 
China  for  dyeing  purposes.  In  the  Kew  Herbarium 
is  a  specimen  of  a  species  destitute  of  both  (lowers 
and  fruit,  though  undoubtedly  a  Rhamnus,  collected 
by  Mesny  about  10  miles  north  of  Kweiyang,  in  the 
province  of  Szechuen,  at  an  elevation  of  6500  feet. 
It  is  quite  distinct  from  all  the  other  Chinese  species, 
and  apparently  an  evergreen.  A  note  by  Mesny 
accompanies  the  specimen,  to  the  effect  that  it  is 
used  with  other  ingredients  to  make  a  green  dye  for 
calicos  ;  its  own  liquor  being  blue  like  indigo.  )K. 
Sotting  Hevisley. 


\M        P^m- 


INCREASE  OF  COLONIES. 
I  PROMISED  in  my  last  article  to  say  a  little  more 
about  the  artificial  swarming  this  time.  It  should  ever 
be  the  object  of  the  beekeeper  to  keep  all  colonies 
strong,  and  therefore  artificial  swarming  and  increase 
(if  colonies  must  be  practised  with  care  and  judgment. 
If  a  colony  of  bees  is  too  much  weakened  by  swarm- 
ing, whether  natural  or  artificial,  that  colony  will  not 
produce  any  surplus  honey  during  the  remainder  of 
the  season.  A  very  nice  way  of  making  an  artificial 
swarm  is  that  practised  by  Mr.  G.  \V.  House,  a 
famous  beekeeper  on  the  other  side  of  the  herring, 
pond.  It  is  as  follows:— Take  an  empty  hive  filled  with 
frames  of  comb  foundation,  and  a  broad  frame  w.'th 
section  boxes  on  each  side  of  the  brood-chamber,  and 
place  the  hive  where  you  wish  it  to  remain.  Now 
lake  out  one  of  the  frames  of  foundation  and  go  to  a 
colony  and  exchange  it  for  a  fram;  of  brood  and  the 
adhering  bees ;  put  this  frame  of  brood  and  bees  in 


the  new  hive.  Now  go  to  another  colony,  and 
exchange  a  frame  of  foundation  for  a  frame  of  brood 
and  bees,  as  befjre  ;  and  proceed  thus  until  you  have 
the  new  hive  full  of  frames  containing  brood  and  the 
adhering  bees.  By  the  time  you  have  done  this,  any 
older  bees  will  have  returned  to  their  own  homes, 
and  the  younger  bees  will  be  in  such  a  per- 
plexed and  demoralised  state  that  they  will 
accept  any  queen  you  choose  to  give  them.  Vou 
have  only  to  place  your  queen  on  the  top  of  the 
combs,  and  she  will  run  down  bjtween  them  at  once 
and  be  accepted.  If  you  have  not  a  spare  queen 
but  have  a  ripe  queen  cell  to  spare,  you  can  insert  that 
instead,  but  a  queen  is  better,  as  valuable  lime  is 
saved,  and  a  good  beekeeper  will  mostly  have  on 
hand  a  spare  queen.  When  all  this  is  done  carefully 
put  on  the  top  surplus  arrangement,  and  all  is  done. 
Vou  will  then  have  a  colony  fit  to  stait  business  at 
once,  and  ready  to  take  advantage  of  the  weather 
and  bring  in  stores  of  honey.  Thus,  you  can  get  a 
colony  of  bees  without  injuring  the  others  one 
iota.  These  things  must  not  now  be  delajed  if 
you  intend  doing  them  this  season.  Honey  is  at  last 
coming  in  fast,  and  therefore  take  every  means  to 
keep  the  bees  well  employed.  When  supers  are 
about  half  or  three  parts  filled  it  is  a  good  thing  to 
raise  them  and  put  others  under.  By  this  means  the 
bees  are  stimulated  to  the  utmost,  and  you  will  find 
the  bottom  super  filled  almost  as  soon  as  the  top. 
This  is  always  a  good  principle  to  work  upon,  as  the 
bees  will  not  have  to  trample  so  much  upon  the 
finished  honeycomb,  but  can  continually  go  on  com- 
pleting their  work  downwards.  If  the  weather  con- 
tinues warm  you  can  put  a  third  and  even  a  fourth 
on,  but  always  under.    Walter  Chitty,  Peiosey. 


THE  GARDENERS'  ROYAL 
BENEVOLENT   INSTITUTION. 

The  forty-third  anniversary  festival  of  the  Gir- 
deners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institution  was  held  on 
Friday  night,  the  2d  inst.,  at  "  The  Albion,"  Alders- 
gJte  Street.  Mr.  N.  N.  Sherwood  presided,  and 
there  was  a  numerous  company,  including  Lord 
Crewe,  Baron  Schioder,  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  (Pre- 
sident of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society),  Mjjor 
Lambert,  Herbert  Adams,  Esq.  ;  Ed.  Tidswell,  Eq,, 
Treasurer ;  several  colonial  representatives,  the  Mayor 
of  Chester,  John  Lee,  Esq.,  the  father  of  the  Insti- 
tution  ;  B.  S.  Williams,  Hugh  Low,  C.  Fisher,  H. 
E.  Milner,  P.  Barr,  and  many  others— in  all  about  150. 

The  tables  were  elegantly  decorated  with  flowers 
and  plants,  sent  by  Messrs.  Cutbu>h,  Veitch,  Liino- 
Paul  &  Son,  Low,  &c. 

The  Chairman,  in  giving  the  toast  of  the  evening— 
"  The  Gardeners'  Rojal  bdnevolcnt  Institution,  long 
may  it  flourish  "—said  that  if  English  valour  over  sea  and 
Und  was  proverbial  in  like  manner  English  charity  had 
no  pai^allel.  In  no  other  country  were  there  such  magcii- 
fioenl  institutions  supported  by  voluntiry  contributions  ; 
llowhere  was  generous  charity  to  poorand  needy,  irrespec^ 
live  of  creed  or  nationality,  bestowed  with  a  more  Ijvish 
hand  than  in  England.  It  was  in  thiyear  1838  that  a  few 
charitably  disposed  gentlemen  conceived  the  most  laud- 
a()le  ld=a  of  starling  the  Gardeners'  Benevolent  Institution 
with  the  object  of  helping  poor  and  distressed  gardeners 
in  their  old  age.  For  four  years  the  Society  did  not 
prosper  ;  but  in  ihe  year  1842,  on  the  election  of  their 
present  Secretary,  matters  began  to  look  up  and  the 
proceeds  o(  the  anniversary  dinner  in  1843  amounted  to 
/40.  Since  that  time  the  Society  had  progressed,  and 
he  was  happy  to  tell  them  that  their  income  now 
amounted  to  over  ^2000  a  year.  They  had  funded 
the  sum  of  /2i,ooo.  They  had  118  pensioners  on 
the  hsts,  the  men  receiving /ao  per  annum,  and  the 
women  /16  per  annum.  Since  the  Society  was 
formed  tliey  had  helped  553  persons,  at  a  cost  of 
oyer  ;^43.oo3.  Those  figures  spoke  for  themselves. 
I  hey  must  not,  however,  relax  their  efforts,  for 
they  had  increasing  demands  upon  their  resources 
When  he  told  them  that  there  were  in  England  2r  000 
gardeners  they  might  imagine  to  what  a  degree  of  use- 
fulness the  Society  might  be  carried.  Need  he  dwell 
upon  Ihe  special  claims  which  the  Society  had  upon 
their  symp.ithy  and  support  ?  Bountiful  Nature  had 
stored  this  earth  of  ours  with  lovely  (lowers  in  countless 
variety  and  profusion,  with  luscious  fruits  and  health- 
giving  vegetables,  but  it  was  to  our  gardeners  that  we 
looked  by  their  core,  zeal,  and  attention  to  brine 
them  to  perfection.  They  were  aware  how  arduous 
were  the  duties  ol  a  gardener— in  all  weathers  all 
climates  and  seasons,  he  was  at  work  early  and  1  ile 
and  from  the  nature  of  his  duties,  through  exposure  to 
climatic  changes,  he  was  liable  to  infirmities  which 
incapacitated  him  from  gaining  his  daily  hving  -  and 
besides  that  he  was  not  too  highly  remunerated  '  Th^ 
;£^2i,ooo  reserve  fund  of  which  he  had  spoken  produced 
only  a  smill  sum  towards  their  annual  expenditure, 
and,  moreover,  it  was  a  nest-egg  which  they  did  not 
want  to  touch,  but  which  they  wanted  to  keep  for  a 


"rainy  day."  They  had,  therefore,  to  rely  upon  dona- 
tions and  subscriptions  lor  their  revenue.  .  He  was 
li  ippy  to  say  that  when  gardeners  were  .-ippcaled  to  in 
the  proper  way  thiy  were  ready  to  respond,  and  he 
niiKht  inform  them  that  a  gentleman  in  the  room  who 
had  written  to  many  of  the  gardeners  had  received  satis- 
factory replies  from  171  gentlemen's  gardeners.  He 
could  not  too  strongly  reconimend  the  Society  10  the 
support  of  the  gardeners  themselves,  and  he  hoped  that 
gentlemen  who  employed  them  would  impress  upon 
them  the  urgency  and  importance  of  belonging  to  the 
Society,  which  above  all  things  taught  the  grand  lessons 
of  sell-help,  thrift,  and  providence.  One  of  their  rules 
provided  that  any  subscriber  of  10  guineas  in  a  lump  sum 
who  had  been  on  the  books  of  the  Society  for  fifteen  years 
or  any  subscriber  of  i  guinea  per  annum  for  fifteen  years 
was  eligible  (or  the  benefit  of  the  pension  fist  without 
election  or  cmvas.  Looking  at  the  matter,  therefore 
from  a  monetary  point  of  view  it  was  a  good  investment. 
He  might  be  told  by  some  that  they  were  not  Ikcly  ever 
to  want  the  aid  ol  the  Society.  He  cjuld  only  reply 
that  there  were  on  the  list  men  who  had  been  in  alTuient 
circumstances,  and  who  were  now  gl  id  to  receive  the 
aid  which  the  Society  gave  them.  Moreover,  if  those 
who  subscribed  did  not  want  to  help  themselves  they 
ought  certainly  to  help  others.  He  ventured  to  su^roest 
that  many  of  them  who  had  children  fond  of  gaoTens 
should  enter  them  on  the  list  as  subscribers,  and  let  ihem 
save  up  their  money  for  the  Gardeners'  Uenevolenl  In- 
stitution. Many  generous  donations  bed  been  promised 
that  evening,  and  he  besought  them  all  10  give  llieir 
support  10  the  Society.  Let  them  in  the  kindness  of 
their  hearts  make  the  forty-third  anniversary  dinner  one 
ot  the  greatest  successes  in  that  respect,  that  they  had 
ever  had.  He  coupled  with  the  to.ast  the  name  of  ihe 
father  o(  the  Institution— Mr.  John  Lee. 

Mr.  John  Lee,  in  responding,  said  he  had  certainly 
been  connected  with  the  Institution  from  its  orioin  but 
he  could  hardly  claim  to  have  been  the  originator  o(  it 
Owing  to  the  exertions  which  had  been  put  forward 
during  the  last  few  years  they  had  been  enabled  to 
increase  the  amount  of  the  annual  pensions,  and  the 
Institution  was  now  in  a  very  flourishing  condition 
Ihis  was  greatly  owing  to  their  Secretary,  who  was 
about  the  best  beggar  in  ihe  world.  The  com- 
mittee also  had  acted  on  the  plan  of  preserving  the 
funds  entrusted  to  their  care,  so  that  no  institution 
in  London  has  been  managed  with  more  economy 
than  the  Gardeners'  Benevolent  Institution.  He  had 
proposed  the  election  of  the  first  member  of  the  Insti- 
tution Their  funds  were  then  in  a  miserable  condition, 
and  they  had  just  suffijient  to  pay  the  one  man's 
pension,  and  the  expenses  of  the  Institution  for  one 
year.  Now  they  had  116  pensioners,  and  granted  /20 
a-year  for  males,  and  £16  a-year  for  females.  While 
nnny  charitable  institutions  were  always  in  debt  the 
Girdenerj'  Benevolent  Institution  had  funded  every 
legacy  left  to  them  and  ev.-ry  life  donatio  1  In  that 
way  they  had  built  up  a  noble  fund,  which  they  could 
fall  back  upon  in  case  of  need. 

Mr  I.  R.  Bourne  proposed  "  the  President,  Vice- 
Presidmts,  and  Treasurer  of  the  Institu  ion  "  c  mplino- 
with  the  toast  the  names  of  Baron  Schioeder'and  of  Mr" 
E.  Tidswell,  who  briefiy  replied.  The  latter  gentlemen 
expressed  his  hearty  thanks  to  those  who  had  con- 
tributed to  the  decorations  o(  the  tables  and  the  room 
The  decorations  of  the  tables  were  due  to  the  deft 
fingers  of  Miss  Williams,  and  gifts  of  flowers  had  been 
sent  by  Messrs.  William  Cutbush,  Veitch.  Lain'',  Paul 
&  Son,  and  Low.  This  annual  festival  w.as  unique  in 
this  respect,  and  in  its  fruit  and  floral  display  he  be- 
lieved II  was  the  best  dinner  throughout  tlie  whole  of 
the  London  season. 

Major  Lambert,  in  proposing  "The  Chairman," 
said  they  had  m.ade  an  e.vccllent  choice  in  appointing  Mr 
Sherwood  their  Chairman.  Mr.  Sherwood  had  expressed 
the  hope  that  they  might  on  that  occasion  raise  the  sum 
ofj^Moo.  He  hoped  they  would  show  their  appreci  i- 
tion  of  Mr.  Sherwood's  services  in  the  chair  by  subscribimr 
hberally,  and  helping  their  Chairman  to  obtain  the  largcit 
subscription  that  had  ever  been  made,  at  this  their  (orty- 
Ihird  anniversary. 

The  Chairman,  in  acknowledging  the  toast,  said  he 
had  now  10  ask  them  to  drink  the  health  of  a  gentle, 
man  who  had  been  connected  with  the  Institution 
ever  since  its  foundation— Mr.  Cutler,  Iheir  Secretary 
If  ever  there  was  a  pattern  secretary,  and  who  took  fi 
genuine  interest  in  a  society,  it  was  Mr.  Cutler.  He 
hoped  they  would  make  Mr.  Cutler  happy  by  making 
the  subscription  list  one  of  the  largest  they  had  yet  had 

Mr.  Cutler,  the  Secretary,  then  said-Gentlemen,  for 
the  lorty-tliird  time  I  beg  to  make  my  annual  bo.v  and 
to  report  to  you  the  result  o(  this  evening's  proceedings 
Some  forty-three  years  ago  we  held  our  first  festival  i 
remember  it  well  ;  it  was  on  a  cold,  wet,  muiky  day  in 
January,  and  it  took  place  in  a  most  dingy  and  dirly 
place  in  the  Strand— the  late  "Crown  and  Anchor" 
famous  for  Radical  meetings  and  balls  of  questionable 
reputation.  We  collected  somewhere  between  2^40  and 
/,5o,  and  thought  we  had  done  wonders.  We  had 
about  forty  or  fifty  people  present,  and  out  of  that 
number  I  think  only  three  are  alive,  and  I  am  pleased 
10  say  they  are  in  the  room  at  this  moment— Mr. 
John  Lee,  Major  Bolton,  and  your  humble  servant. 
However,  since  that  time  we  have  steadily  progressed— 
not  so  fast  as  I  should  like,  but  still  we  have  progressed 
and  we  have  never  retrograded.  Now,  Mr.  Chairman  and 
gentlemen,  you  wiU  be  pleased  to  hear  that  the  resultofour 
day's  proceedings  is  the  largest  amount  ever  yet  received 
at  any  anniversary  ^J«««/i.  Gentlemen,  the  Chairman's 
fist  amounts  to  ^^570,  including  /'loo  from  him=elf  • 
and  to  show  that  he  practises  what  he  preaches  he  has 
put  down  the  sum  of/2r  for  each  of  his  three  children 
Baron  Schroder  has  given  us  £26  51.  ;  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  jf  25  £1. ;  Major  Geo.  Lambert,  ^£'31101. ;  Mr 


July  io,  iSSfi.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


43 


Harry  Veitch  has  collected  the  sum  of  /"32o,  out  of  which 
there  are  annual  subscriptions  from  about  eiffhiy  gardeners. 
Our  good  friend,  G,  A.  Dickson,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  Chester, 
has  come  up  specially  to  attend  this  festival,  and  has 
brought  from  his  locality  the  sum  of  ^loo.  Mr.  Tait 
(D.ckson.  Brown  &  Tail),  of  Manchester,  has  sent  up 
the  sum  of  £-j\\  Mr.  C.  Fisher,  of  Shemt-Id,  has  sent 
up  the  sum  ol  ^6S  ;  Mr.  Williams,  of  Holloway,  has 
brought  the  sum  of  ^55  ;  these  amounts  make  up  a 
grand  total  of  ^1430.  and  I  have  reason  to  think  there  is 
more  to  follow.  Gentlemen,  on  behalf  of  the  recipients 
of  your  bounty,  I  beg  to  thank  you.  and  I  am  sure  tliat 
none  of  you  will  sleep  any  the  worse  to-night  for  the 
valuable  aid  you  have  rendered  to  the  Instuuiion.  Now, 
what  cm  I  say  as  regards  niysell?  Nothing  but  an 
o!ten-told  t.ile.  G-jnikmen,  I  thank  you  very  much  for 
the  honour  you  have  again  conferred  upon  nie,  and  I 
trust  That  in  the  fev/  years  I  may  have  yet  to  Hve  to 
retain  the  good  opinion  which  I  have  good  reason  to 
know  you  entertain  lor  me.  Again,  I  beg  lespecilully  to 
thank  you. 

Mr.  H.  J.  Adams  gave  the  "  Horticultural  and  Bota- 
nical Societies  of  Ki.gUnd." 

Sir  Tkkvor  Lawkence  responded.  He  ventured  to 
suggest  that  they  should  get  the  President  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  to  occupy  the  chair  at  one  of  ilie 
annual  dinners,  and  if  they  could  get  the  Duke  of  West- 
minster to  take  the  chair,  he  thought  it  would  be  greatly 
to  the  advantage  of  the  Institution.  With  regard  to  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  he  admitted  there  was  one 
thing  it  might  have  done  and  which  it  had  not  done.  It 
might  haveinteresudittelfa  little  more  in  theeducalionof 
young  gardeners.  He  should  like  to  tell  them  that  of  the 
prizes  which  were  given  by  the  Gardeneri'  Chronicle  for 
an  essay  on  scientific  points  in  connection  with  practical 
horticulture,  the  second  prize  was  gained  by  a  young 
man  on  the  staff  ot  the  Horliculturdl  Society  at  Chis- 
wick.  When  he  heard  how  large  a  measure  of  support 
was  given  to  institutions  and  schools  for  tlie  education 
of  young  gardeners  abroad  he  thought  to  himself 
that  we  had  a  great  deal  to  learn  from  foreign  countries. 
We  were  a  little  disposed  in  this  country  to  think  that 
we  were  the  centre  of  the  universe,  and  that  the  whole 
of  tlie  foreign  countries  circulated  around  us  as  we  do 
round  the  sun,  but  the  longer  we  lived  the  less  reason 
we  found  to  consider  this  to  be  true.  Certainly  with  regard 
to  this  matter  of  the  education  of  young  gardeners  we 
were  very  far  behind  other  countries.  It  was  only 
lately  that  we  had  become  keenly  alive  to  the  necessity 
of  having  a  more  p'actical  system  of  technical  education, 
and  if  technical  education  were  necessary  in  anything 
certainly  it  was  necessary  in  gardening. 

Mr.  Shikley  Hidberd  proposed  "  The  Nursery  and 
Seed  Trades— the  Parents  of  the  Institution."  He  said 
that  that  Institution  was  so  deeply  indebted  to  the  seed 
trade  and  to  the  nursery  trade  that  the  toast  was  certainly 
appropriate  on  that  occasion.  It  might  be  that  tliey 
had  thought  of  the  capabilities  of  the  seed  trade  to 
continue  its  generous  support  to  the  Institution  during 
the  depression  of  trade  ;  for  those  trades  connected 
with  gardening  had  suftered  perhaps  as  much  as  any. 
Seeing,  however,  how  few  had  been  the  failures  in  tliose 
trades,  and  how  generous  they  had  continued  in  their 
support  of  the  Institution,  it  did  seem  that  the  state  of 
the  nursery  and  seed  trades  was  fairly  sound.  One 
reason  for  it  wu.<:,  that  members  of  those  tradr-s  did  not 
very  much  depress  one  another.  They  had  learned  that 
uniiy  is  strength.  Customers  were  always  increasing  in 
number,  and  the  earth  continued  to  produce  her  fiuits, 
therefore  one  might  reasonably  suppose  that  the  seed  and 
nursery  trades  would  continue  to  prosper  in  the  future. 

The  Mayok  or  Chester  briefly  acknowledged  the 
compHnient. 

The  Chairman  proposed  "  The  .Stewards  and  Com- 
mittee of  Management,"  which  was  responded  to  by  Mr. 
Williams,  and  the  proceedings  terminated. 


(|rcl|id  lo!i!3  and  ilfanings. 


BRASSAVOLA  DIGBYANA. 
The  earlier  culiivators  of  this  noble  species  grew  it 
on  a  block  suspended  near  the  glass,  where  it  proved 
of  exceedingly  iloiv  giowlh.  It  may  possess  this 
character  under  any  condition,  but  its  bold  and  telling 
appearance  should  insure  its  introduction  to  every 
collection.  A  fine  mass  of  it  flowers  annually  in  the 
garden  of  Sir  George  Macleay  at  Pendell  Couit, 
where  it  is  grown  in  a  large  well  drained  pot  in  a 
mixture  of  lumpy  fibrous  peat  and  sphagnum.  Its 
fragrance,  especially  at  night,  pervades  the  whole 
house  in  which  it  is  grown.  The  sepals  and  petals 
may  be  described  as  a  pale  green  white,  of  great 
endurance,  and  fading  with  age  ;  they  measure  at 
least  5  to  6  inches  across  the  lips,  but  are  altogether 
eclipsed  by  the  great  lacerated  white  labellum.  The 
fineness  and  extraordinary  length  of  the  fringes  con- 
stitutes the  moit  conspicuous  feature  of  the  labellum, 
which  also  possesses  near  the  base  a  curiously  elevated 
process,  doubtless  concerned  in,  or  lending  material 
assistance  in  bringing  about  fertilisation.  This  pro- 
cess is  well  shown  in  the  Botaniciil Ma^^^azim^  t.  447.^. 
The  pseudobulbs  and  the  oblong,  solitary,  rigid  ter- 
minal leaf  presents  the  appearance  of  a  Catlleya  or 


Lselia,  to  the  latter  of  which  ihe  Genera  Flaiitaram,  how- 
ever, considers  it  should  belong.  The  sepals  and  petals 
are  nearly  of  the  same  width,  while  the  labellum  is 
abruptly  dilated  and  hooded,  depriving  it  of  the 
tubular  appearance  of  the  labellum  of  a  LceUa.  A 
stronger  character,  however,  is  derived  from  the 
enormously  elongated  beak  of  the  ovary.  The  beak 
and  ovary  measure  at  fijwerin^  time  7  inches  in 
length  ;  the  former  curves  over  the  end  of  the  large 
spaihe,  bringing  Ihe  flower  into  a  horizontal  position. 
The  peduncle  and  pedicel  only  measure  about  an 
inch,  therfore,  the  distinct  pseudobulbs  and  terminal 
flat  leaf  are  the  strongest  characters  that  militate 
against  its  retention  in  the  genus  Brassavola.  y.  F. 

ONCIDIU.VI   TETRACOPiS,    Rchb.  f. 

All  the  flowers  I  had  seen  from  Messrs.  W.  Hull, 
Farmer  Hall,  and  Lemon,  had  brown  wings  to  the 
column.  Mr.  A.  Wilson,  Westbrook,  Sheffield,  sends 
rae  the  same  species  with  yellow  wings,  adorned  with 
a  few  purple  Hoes  and  streaks.  A  mo^t  welcome 
sketch  of  the  whole  plant  gives  evidence  that  the 
pseudobulbs  stand  close  together,  so  that  our  plant 
may  be  easier  of  management  than  those  species  with 
straggling  stems  and  distant  pseudobulbs.  //.  G. 
Kchb.  f. 

HOYA    IMPERIALIS. 

Of  all  the  cuMvatid  species  of  Iloya  the  present 
is  deservedly  entitled  to  the  high-sounding  title  it 
receives.  The  fragrant  flowers  arc  between  2  and 
3  inches  in  diameter,  of  great  substance  and  rigidity. 
They  are  produced  on  the  young  wood  in  exlra- 
axillary  umbels  of  nine  to  fourteen  flowers  each. 
Occasionally  they  are  terminal  or  subterminal  on  the 
young  wood,  but  more  frequently  on  the  space 
between  two  leaves,  with  the  peduncle  becoming 
separate  from  the  branch  at  a  point  on  a  level  with 
the  petioles  of  two  opposite  leaves,  or  nearly  so.  The 
umbel  is  large,  although  the  flowers  composing  it  are 
few  comparatively  with  that  of  many  other  species 
owing  to  the  great  sze  of  the  individual  flowers. 
The  staminal  corona  is  large,  procninent,  and  white, 
contrary  to  the  general  rule  in  most  of  the  more 
generally  cultivated  species,  where  it  forms  the  most 
conspicuous  and  attractive  object  of  the  flower.  The 
corolla  is  described  in  the  BotanUal  Magazine, 
t.  4397,  as  deep  rose  without,  and  pale  rose  within, 
failing  to  white,  hut  this  description  neither  agrees 
with  the  coloured  plate  nor  with  that  of  the  living 
plant  itself.  Externally  it  may  he  described  as  a 
pale  dusky  yellow,  and  deep  brownish.red  internally, 
fading  to  a  yellowish-while  before  it  drops  away. 
When  seen  in  prime  condition  the  corolla  is  of  great 
substance,  and  shines  with  a  waxy  lustre.  The  ol.ilan- 
ceolate  or  oblong,  leathery,  opposite  leaves  are  of 
great  siz.'.  There  is  a  plant  in  the  unique  and  most 
interesting  collection  at  Pendell  Court,  where  it  is 
trained  under  a  rafter  clo?e  to  the  glass  in  the  tropical 
Water  Lily-house,  and  has  been  flowering  for  a  c;n- 
siderable  time.  J.  F. 


THE  SYDNEY  GARDENS,  BATH. 

For  years  past  Bath  has  been  famous  for  its  gar- 
dens, and  in  the  time  of  Beau  Nash  the  chief  of  these 
were  the  Spring  Gardens  ;  others  of  scarcely  less  im- 
portance were  the  Villa  Gardens,  King  James' 
Palace  and  the  Bagatelle  Gardens  ;  and  to  these  were 
sub-equently  added  the  Grosvenor  Gardens.  At  that 
lime  Spring  Gardens  "  were  practically  in  the  country, 
and  though  the  approach  to  them  was  repelling,  they 
aff  itded  from  their  airiness  a  pleasant  contrast  to  the 
sluft'y,  narrow  streets  of  the  city.  Wiih  their  grottos, 
arbours,  and  statuary,  greensward,  and  gay  parterres, 
music,  and  games,  they  supplied  the  charm  of  variety, 
and  ministered  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  patrons." 

The  pleasure  gardens  pastimes  of  those  days  are 
worthy  notice.  A  writer  in  one  of  the  Bath  papers, 
treating  on  Bath  in  the  eighteenth  century,  says  :  — 
"Imagine  the  beaux  and  belles  ot  our  crescents  and 
squares  rising  with  the  lark,  and  after  a  visit  to 
the  baths  or  pump-room,  going  to  a  public 
garden  to  breakfast,  and  to  dance  or  to  witness 
some  novel  diversions."  Vet  this  was  for  many  years 
a  keenly  relished  feature  in  the  fashionable  pro- 
gramme of  the  past  century.  It  was  even  customary 
with  persons  of  rank  and  fortune  to  invite  their 
friends  to  "concert  breakfasts  "  at  the  public  places 
in  question,  and  to  participate  in  the  stately  minuet 
or  cotillon.  In  those  days  fashionable  society  must 
have  retired  to  lest  much  earlier  than  in  Ihese  later 


days  if  they  rose  with  the  lark.  "  Every  Monday 
and  Thursday  a  public  breakfast  took  place  to  the 
sound  of  '  French  horns  and  clarionets.'  The  tariff 
was,  it  seems,  moderate,  the  tickets  being  i-r.  6</. 
each,  while  'private  breakfasts  without  music'  were 
charged  only  Is.  Ladies  and  gentlemen  likewise  met 
there  in  the  evening  to  drink  tea.  The  charges,  it 
will  be  seen,  were  sufliciently  low  to  tempt  even  the 
frugal  mind.  A  specialty  advertised  were  the  'Spring 
Garden  cakes  and  rolls,'  which  were  ready  'every 
morning  from  early  after  nine.'  That  our  forefathers 
were  thus  prompt  '  to  brush  with  hasty  steps  the  dew 
away  '  may  cause  surprise,  but  then  Nash's  rules  cul- 
tivated 'the  early  to  bed'  maxim.  The  balls  began 
at  6  o'clock  and  closed  at  II,  even  in  the  middle  of  a 
dance,  if  one  was  going  forward.  Nor  would  he 
suffer  them,  not  even  to  please  royally,  to  continue  a 
moment  longer,  believing  it  to  be  injurious  to  invalids, 
and  therefore  bad  for  Ihe  reputation  of  the  waters." 

How  great  a  gulf  separates  the  nineteenth  from  the 
seventeenth  century  is  curiously  illu-trated  by  one  of 
the  municipal  laws  enacted  in  the  latter.  It  is  as 
fallows :— "That  no  person,  after  he  had  been  chosen 
mayor  of  the  said  city  (Bath)  should  wear  any  noble- 
man's or  gentleman's  livery  without  the  leave  and 
licence  of  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  under  the 
penalty  of  ^  10  to  the  use  of  the  pojr  of  the  said  city 
for  every  olf;oce."  la  thjse  days  it  was  apparently 
a  custom  fjt  the  chief  magistrate  to  borrow  a  suit 
from  some  lackey  who  came  in  the  retinue  of  the 
more  distinguished  visitors,  in  order  to  show  proper 
deference  to  his  master.  Spring  Gardens  continued 
one  of  the  haunts  of  fashion  until  the  building  of 
Liura  Place  and  adjacent  houses  having  encroached 
oa  the  area,  it  wa;  thought  expidient  to  lay  out  fresh 
grounds  on  an  improved  scale,  which  led  to  the 
establishment  of  the  Sydney  Gardens,  and  the  eventual 
cl  «iog  of  Spring  Gardens. 

The  beautiful  sylvan  grounds  known  as  Sydney 
Gardens  are  at  the  termination  ol  Pulleney  Street. 
They  were  at  first  cilled  "  Sydney  Gardens, 
Vauxhall."  They  were  designed  by  Mr.  Hircourt 
Master,  architect,  and  were  opened  on  May  II, 
1795.  Though  not  large  in  size,  they  are  laid  out 
with  great  taste  ;  they  are  studded  with  stately  trees, 
which  alTjrd  grateful  shade  during  the  summer  heat. 
Formerly  they  included  a  hotel,  which  was  described 
as  "elegant  and  spacious,  and  conducted  with  great 
spirit  and  liberality  ;  swings,  bowling  greens,  and  a 
Merlin  swing  in  the  labyrinth  were  included  in  its 
games  ;  grt)ttoes  and  alcoves,  formed  with  much 
taste,  also  alVjrded  co;y  noiks.  During  the  summer 
there  were  public  nights  wi  h  music,  fireworks,  and 
superb  illuminations.  Surrounding  the  gardens  was 
a  ride  for  the  ace  iramodation  of  ladies  and  gentlemen 
oa  horseback,  the  terms  being  2s.  6./.  for  one  month, 
5r.  for  three  months,  and  I5r.  a  year ;  non-subscribers, 
6Y.  each  time.  This  combination  of  advantages 
failed  to  make  either  the  hotel  or  the  gardens  perma- 
nently successful  ;  both  have  undergone  sundry  vicis- 
situdes. The  building  is  now  a  branch  of  the  Bith 
College;  the  ride  and  the  grottos  have  dis- 
appeared, and  private  d.vcllings  have  encroached 
on  the  ground  ones  open  to  the  public.  Never- 
theless, the  gardens,  though  curtailed  and  changed, 
are  still  beautiful,  and  devoted  as  they  are  now 
chiefly  to  music  and  flower  shows,  furnish  enjoy, 
ment  and  recreation  to  all  classes  of  citizens."  The 
Great  Western  Railway  pisses  through  the  grounds  by 
means  of  a  deep  cutting,  but  the  changes  thereby 
effected,  improved  rather  than  otherwise  their  appear- 
ance, giving  additional  walks,  bridges,  and  grassy 
slopes,  while  the  passage  of  the  trains  is  by  no  means 
of  a  disagreeable  character.  The  Kennett  and  Avon 
Canal  also  traverses  the  gardens  parallel  with  the 
railway.  An  elegant  orchestra  has  been  erected  for 
the  use  of  the  City  Band,  a  gymnasium  is  also  pro- 
vided for  the  young  ;  and  there  are  likewise  facilities 
for  croquit,  archery  and  lawn  tennis  ;  so  that  the  gar- 
de.as  are  now  adapted  to  meet  modern  requirements. 
The  Sydney  Gardens  now  belong  to  a  body  of  pro- 
prietors who  lease  them  to  the  Floral  FS/e  and  Band 
Committee.  This  bidy  maintains  them  for  the  pur- 
pose of  holding  their  band  performances  and  floral 
f.'ii.  The  committee  consists  of  some  sixty  o  :ihe 
leading  tradesmen  of  th:  city,  who  canvass  the 
whole  of  the  town  and  district  annuilly,  for  the  sale 
of  tickets.  A  first-class  band  is  provided,  the  main- 
tenance ot  which  costs  about  ^50  per  week,  and 
which  performs  from  May  until  September,  both  in 
the  Sydney  Gardens  and  also  in  Victoria  Park.  A 
yearly  subicriplion  of  5^.  admits  one  person  through- 


44 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


QULY   10,    1886. 


out  the  season  to  the  band  performances,  and  also 
entitles  the  subscriber  to  one  ticket  of  the  nominal 
value  of  half  a  crown,  to  admission  at  2  o'clock  to  the 
spring  fete  in  May,  and  to  the  autumnal  show  in 
September,  and  additional  tickets  to  the  three  other 
shows  at  a  cost  of  is.  each— a  show  of  bulbs  and 
spring  flowers  in  March,  a  Rose  show  in  July,  and  a 
Chrysanthemum  show  in  November. 

How  large  a  financial  responsibility  is  undertaken 
by  the  committee  is  seen  when  it  is  stated  that  last 
year's  undertakings  involved  an  expenditure  of 
^3124  \\s.,  and  there  was  a  loss  of  £'^0  on  the  year, 
owing  to  bad  weather,  which  involved  an  encroach- 
ment upon  a  moderate  reserve  fund  started  a  year  or 
two  since.  But  the  committee  is  looked  upon  as  one 
of  the  public  institutions  of  Bath,  and  its  work  is  on 
no  account  allowed  to  drop.  The  management  of  the 
gardens,  &c.,  is  accomplished  by  means  of  sub- 
committees, as  one  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  floral 
files,  one  for  the  band,  another  for  the  gardens,  &c. 
Altogether  the  Society  appears  to  stand  almost  unique 
of  its  kind,  for  the  large  amount  of  entertainment  and 
enjoyment  it  gives  for  so  small  an  outlay.  And  in  so 
far  as  the  operations  of  the  committee  give  an  impetus 
to  horticultural  enterprise  it  is  doing  as  much  as  any 
city  or  town  in  the  kingdom.  There  is  a  strong 
floral  committee,  and  during  the  last  four  years  the 
Rose,  Chrysanthemum,  and  bulb  shows  have  been 
added,  making,  as  already  stated,  five  in  one  year. 
The  present  secretary  to  the  committee,  Mr.  Benjamin 
Pearson,  has  occupied  this  position  for  a  number  of 
years  past.  R.  D, 


OLEARIA     NITIDA. 

The  above-named  shrub  (fig.  10)  came  to  me  from 
a  garden  of  a  friend  living  on  the  borders  of  the 
counties  of  Clare  and  Galway,  who  did  not  know  its 
name,  so  when  in  the  first  year  of  its  existence  it 
bloomed  profusely  in  the  cutting  bed,  I  sent  a 
specimen  to  the  Herbarium  at  Kew,  where  Mr. 
Baker  kindly  named  it  for  me.  It  is  perfectly  hardy 
here,  and  is  of  a  neat  and  compact  habit  of  growth. 
W.  E.  Gumlikton.  [  The  shrub,  of  which  we  owe  the 
opportunity  of  illustrating  to  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
Gumbleton,  is  described  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  in  the 
Handbook  of  the  New  Zealand  Flora,  p.  125  (1867)  in 
the  following  terms :— "  A  small  tree,  resembling  O, 
furfuracea,  but  the  tomentum  is  more  silvery  and 
shining,  and  the  leaves  more  ovate,  less  coriaceous, 
sinuate-toothed,  and  acute  or  acuminate.  Heads  in 
close,  many-flowered,  rounded  corymbs,  on  silky 
pedicels  J— J  inch  long,  about  as  broad  ;  involucral 
scales  few,  pilose  or  laxly  villous ;  florets,  15—20,  rays 
short.      Pappus    unequal.     Achene   silky.     Eurybia 

alpina,   Lindl.  et  Paxt.  Mag "      Mountains 

of  northern  island,  abundant  throughout  the  middle 
island,] 

ROUND   LIVERPOOL. 

(Conthmid from  p.   i..) 

BiRCHFIKLD,  FALLOWFIKLD,  NEAR  MANCHES- 
TER, THE  Residence  of  A.  Heine,  Esq.— This 
place  is  about  two  miles  from  Manchester,  from 
which  tram  cars  run  past  the  gates  every  ten  or 
fiiteen  minutes  during  the  day.  Here  a  good  col- 
lection of  Orchids  has  been  formed  in  very  little  time, 
and,  what  is  more,  they  are  in  beautiful  condition. 
Vandas  occupy  one-half  of  a  good-sized  house  ;  they 
include  most  of  the  leading  varieties  of  V.  tricolor, 
V,  suavis,  and  others,  beautiful  plants,  furnished 
down  to  the  pots  with  stout  healthy  leaves,  that  show 
the  treatment  they  receive  to  be  right.  Cattleyas  are 
represented  by  quantities  of  the  favourite  kinds,  such 
as  C.  Mendelii,  C,  gigas,  C.  Dowiana,  C.  Trianas, 
C.  Skinneri,  and  C.  Mossire,  in  their  varied  forms. 
Many  of  the  plants  are  large  masses,  that  have  been 
imported  within  the  last  two  years,  and  are  in  beau- 
tiful condition  ;  some  of  them  are  from  3  to  3J  feet  in 
diameter.  Lselias  of  the  various  favourite  kinds 
thrive  equally  well,  the  bulbs  and  leaves  in  many 
cases  as  short  and  stout  as  when  imported.  Den- 
drobiums,  such  as  D.  Wardianum,  D.  crassinode,  D. 
devonianum,  D.  densiflorum,  D.  thyrsiflorum,  and 
the  longer  bulbed  species,  such  as  D.  fimbriatum,  are 
as  vigorous  as  they  well  could  be. 

The  warmer  section  of  the  East  Indian  species, 
such  as  Aerides,  Saccolabiums,  and  Cypripediums, 
show  by  their  condition  that  the  treatment  they  get 
suits  them.  The  cool  kinds,  comprising  Odontoglos- 
sums,  Masdevallias,  and  others  that  require  a  like 
temperature  thrive  as  well  as  could  be  desired. 
Plants  of  O.  crispum  that  have  been  imported  three 


years  have  made  progress  such  as  usually  requires 
more  time  to  effect. 

The  remark  is  often  made  that  it  seldom  happens 
that  the  different  sections  of  Orchids  that  respectively 
require  warm,  intermediate  and  cool  treatment  are 
all  done  well  at  the  same  place,  but  Mr.  Cragg,  the 
gardener  here,  seems  to  be  successful  with  all. 

Wood    Lawn,    Didsbury,    near    Manchester, 
THE  Residence  of  J.  Broome,  Esq. 

This  place  is  about  3  miles  from  the  Manchester 
Exchange,  from  which  the  trams  run  frequently. 
Plants  of  various  sorts  are  well  represented  here  ;  a 
nice  collection  of  specimen  hardwooded  stove  and 
greenhouse  kinds,  including  Azaleas  and  Heaths,  are 
well  grown.  Fine-leaved  plants  are  likewise  present 
in  considerable  numbers  and  in  good  condition. 
Pitcher  plants  are  a  leading  feature,  they  include  both 
Sarracenias  and  Nepenthes  ;  of  the  latter — though  too 
early  in  the  season  to  see  them  at  their  best— there 
is  a  number  of  fine  specimens,  amongst  which  may  be 
named  N.  bicalcarata,  bearing  sixteen  of  its  singular 
pitchers  ;  N.  Mastersiana,  two  forms  quite  distinct  in 
appearance,  but  both  fine  ;  N.  sanguinea,  still  very 
rare,  and  one  of  the  best ;  N.  Broomeana,  which  may 
be  described  as  something  in  shape  between  N.  Ratfles- 
iana  and  N.  Hookeriana  :  the  ground  colour  is  pale 
green,  the  marking  which  covers  much  of  the  surface 
is  nearly  black.  Sarracenias  comprise  all  the 
leading  kinds,  of  which  may  be  mentioned  S. 
Drummondii,  several  forms  of  S.  flava,  includ- 
ing S.  |flava  maxima,  Jwhicb  is  one  of  the   finest  ; 


S.  Chelsoni  x  ,  S.  Mitchelliana  x  ,  S.  Tolliana  x  ,  S. 
Swanniana,  S.  ornata  x  .  S.  illustrata,  and  S.  Mad- 
disoniana  x  .  Mr.  A.  Cole,  Mr.  Broome's  gardener,  is 
successful  with  these,  as  he  appears  to  be  with  what- 
ever class  of  plants  he  takes  in  hand. 

There  is  an  interesting  collection  of  Sonerillas, 
comprising  nine  or  ten  kinds  of  these  beautifully 
marked  small-leaved  plants.  A  small  house  is  filled 
with  filmy  Ferns,  which  are  in  good  condition  and 
very  interesting. 

Amongst  Orchids  are  several  noteworthy  specimens, 
Vanda  teres  Andersoniana  in  particular,  a  plant  of 
which  bad  over  fifty  spikes,  carrying  240  of  its 
singularly  beautiful  flowers  coming  on.  This  speci- 
men alone  is  worth  going  some  distance  to  see. 


CCELOGYNE    DAYANA. 

This  seems  to  have  become  as  great  a  favourite  as  C. 
Massangeana,  which  it  somewhat  resembles  in  habit ; 
its  pseudo  bulbs  however  are  long  and  slender,  and 
the  leaves  of  a  darker  green.  The  flowers  of  C. 
Dayana  are  produced  on  long  drooping  scapes,  each 
bearing  from  twenty  to  thirty  blooms,  the  sepals  and 
petals  are  light  yellow  shaded  with  a  bronzy  tint,  lip 
yellow  and  white  on  the  inner  surface,  the  side  lobes 
being  evenly  marked  as  with  a  grainer's  comb.  The 
plant  should  be  grown  in  a  basket  and  suspended  in  a 
Cattleya-house,  in  which  position  it  shows  to  advan- 
tage its  elegant  inflorescence.  C.  Dayana  was  received 
from  Borneo  by  Messrs.  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  of 
Chelsea,  who  flowered  it  about  two  years  ago  and 
forthwith  distributed  it.  Our  illustration  (fig.  9)  was 
taken  from  a  flower  off  a  grand  spray  which  was 
produced  on  Baron  Schroder's  plant  this  year. 


Butins  of  Jflfllis. 

Handbuch  der  Pflanzenkrankheiten.   (Manual  of 
Plant  Diseases).     Von  Dr.  Paul  Sorauer.   Berlin  : 

Paul  Parey,  1886. 
In  these  days  of  depression  in  agriculture,  and  of 
close  competition  in  all  horticultural  work,  a  good 
book  on  plant-diseases  is  an  undoubted  boon  to  all 
growers  of  plants,  and  one  which  no  wise  gardener 
or  farmer  can  aff'ord  to  reject.  Dr.  Sorauer's  book  is 
written  in  German  and  therefore  is  inaccessible  to 
many  readers  in  this  country  ;  but  its  lessons  are  sure 
to  reach  indirectly  all  who  are  seriously  interested  in 
its  subject.  No  worthy  book  is  altogether  sealed  to 
the  earnest  student,  since  it  influences  all  contem- 
porary work  of  the  like  kind  ;  and  if  I  may  say  so  in 
these  pages  few  better  services  have  been  done  to 
lovers  of  plants  than  the  accounts  of  researches  on 
plant  diseases  published  in  these  columns  and 
associated  with  the  names  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Berkeley,  Mr.  Worthington  Smith,  Mr.  Plowright, 
and  others.  These  are  happily  for  the  most  part 
original,  but  all  more  or  less  influenced  by  and  full  of 
criticism  of  such  work  as  Sorauer's  book  contains.  A 
notice  of  it  here,  therefore,  is  in  its  right  place. 
This  second  edition,  as  it  is  called,  is  virtually  a  new 
book.  The  first  edition,  published  in  1874,  is  a  book 
of  406  pages,  while  the  first  volume,  now  published, 
of  the  present  edition,  dealing  with  non  parasitic 
diseases  only,  contains  no  fewer  than  920  pages.  This 
comparison  gives  a  rough  but  striking  idea,  not  only 
of  the  enlargement  of  the  book  but  of  the  progress  of 
the  subject,  of  which  it  is  a  fair  index — with  the 
reservation,  however,  that  the  present  edition  is  a 
better  book  for  its  time  than  the  first  one  was.  Since 
the  publication  of  the  first  edition  research  has  been 
very  busy,  and  the  life-histories  of  many  disease 
organisms  have  been  traced  ;  and  not  only  this,  but 
Frank's  admirable  Kranhkeilen  has  appeared  in  the 
interval,  and  has  largely  contributed  to  the  making  of 
this  book  possible  in  its  present  form.  Frank's  book 
showed  the  extent  of  the  field,  and  to  cover  it  com- 
prehensively Dr.  Sorauer  has  undertaken  a  reconstruc- 
tion of  his  former  work,  and  has  done  it,  it  may  be 
said  at  once,  with  great  care  and  fulness.  He  has  gone 
independently  to  the  original  sources  of  information, 
has  brought  the  treatment  of  it  up  to  date  by  incor- 
porating the  results  of  recent  research,  and  has 
written  the  book  in  a  style  of  his  own.  It  appeals 
not  only  to  the  scientific  man  but  to  the  intelligent 
plant-grower,  for  whose  benefit  the  author  frequently 
goes  out  of  his  way,  as  it  were,  to  make  clear  such 
portions  of  his  subjects  as,  usually  treated,  demand  a 
knowledge  of  plant  anatomy  for  their  proper  appre- 
ciation. As  he  happily  says,  "the  practical  farmer 
has  no  more  need  to  be  a  plant-pathologist  than  he 
has  to  be  a  veterinary  surgeon,"  but  all  the  same  he 
has  need  o(  such  knowledge  as  shall  enable  him,  in 
case  of  sudden  need,  to  deal  with  outbreaks  of  dis- 
ease, and  to  guide  him  towards  its  prevention.  The 
author  proposes  shortly  to  issue  an  "Atlas  of 
Plant  Diseases,"  with  the  object  of  rendering 
familiar  to  a  wide  class  the  appearance  of  spe- 
cific diseases.  Such  an  atlas,  were  each  plate 
of  it  accompanied  by  concise  and  clear  directions  as  to 
the  treatment  of  the  disease,  would  be  by  far  the  best 
form  of  literature  for  the  purposes  o(  the  plant  grower. 
Assuredly,  too,  in  these  times,  when  one  hears  of 
the  "inherent  degeneracy"  of  certain  plants  being 
responsible  for  epidemics,  there  is  great  need  of  a 
lucid  explanation  of  those  causes  which  favour  the 
spread  of  diseases.  More  light  is  needed  on  the 
questions  which  arise  as  to  the  effects  of  the  cultiva- 
tion on  crops.  The  fact  that  the  growing  together  of 
vast  numbers  of  plants  of  the  same  species  encourages 
the  spread  of  parasitic  disease,  is  often  explained  by 
the  statement,  that  the  plants  in  question  are  in  some 
way  (more  or  less  mysterious)  weakened  by  the  un- 
natural habit  (if  the  plant  be  not  gregarious  in  a  wild 
state),  and  thus  rendered  more  susceptible  to  disease. 
Whether  there  is  anything  in  this  speculation  some  one 
may  in  time  try  to  find  out  (and  there  may  be  some- 
thing in  it),  but  surely  the  simple  explanation,  that  when 
plants  grow  close  together  the  spread  of  infection  is  a 
very  easy  matter,  lies  nearer  at  hand  than  the  other. 
That  this  is  the  case  among  wild  plants  growing 
together  is  a  familiar  fact.  Almost  every  one  has 
observed,  for  example,  that  when  white  rust  (Cysto- 
pus  candidus)  once  attacks  a  patch  of  Shepherd's 
Purse,  very  few  plants  of  that  patch  escape.     Of  far 


ftJLY   10.    1886.1 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


45 


greater  interest,  however,  is  the  inquiry  into  the 
nature  of  the  disease-resisting  powers  of  races,  and 
the  alleged  gradual  loss  of  such  power.  Such  ques- 
tions are  touched  upon  by  Dr.  Sorauer  in  his  interest- 
ing preface,  and  perhaps  he  does  not  touch  upon 
them  very  cautiously  in  all  cases.  The  whole  ques- 
tion of  predisposition  to  disease  requires  very  careful 
handling,  and  enquiry  can  hardly  take  a  more  fruitful 
direction  than  the  precise  causes  of  predisposition. 
At  all  events,  it  is  important  for  the  grower  to  know 
that  a  susceptible  state  need  not  be  in  itself  an  un- 
healthy state— that  it  probably— nearly  always— is 
but  a  normal  phase  in  the  development  of  the  plant. 

The  present  volume  is  devoted  to  the  non-parasitic 
diseases,   and  after  a  short  introduction  the  author 


dealt  with  at  great  length — wounds  of  the  axis,  wounds 
of  foliage,  of  fruits,  and  of  seeds,  and  the  reparative 
processes  in  plant  tissues.  Chapter  V.  is  a  short  one 
on  the  various  knot  formations,  which  are,  however, 
very  fully  treated  of.  The  subject  of  Chapter  VI.  is 
galls,  and  it  is  discussed  in  great  detail  ;  the  galls 
formed  by  Coleoptera,  Lepidoptera,  Hymenoptera, 
Diptera,  Orthoptera,  Ilemiptera,  Acarina,  worms 
and  Rotatoria  being  each  dealt  with  in  succession. 
The  abnormal  production  of  gum,  resin,  and  the  like, 
is  the  subject  of  Chapter  VII.,  and  the  last  (Chapter 
VIII.)  is  devoted  to  weeds.  There  are  three  indexes 
to  the  book,  one  of  gall-bearing  plants,  one  of  the 
other  plants,  and  one  of  subjects,  which  is  a  pity, 
since  a  good  general  index  is  much  to  be  preferred. 


Fig.  10.— olearia  nitida  ;  hardy  shrub  ;  flowers  white,    (see  p.  44  ) 


deals  with  his  subjects  in  the  following  order. 
The  first  chapter  contains  a  very  exhaustive  treatment 
of  the  influence  of  the  soil  on  vegetation.  First  he 
discusses  the  position,  "  the  lie  of  the  land,"  then  he 
takes  the  unfavourable  physical  conditions  of  the  soil, 
and  lastly  the  like  chemical  conditions,  subdividing 
the  last  portion  into  sections,  dealing  with  the  power 
of  absorption  of  the  soil,  with  the  causes  which  lead  to 
starvation,  and  to  excess  of  water  and  food.  In 
Chapter  II.  hurtful  atmospheric  influences  are  con- 
sidered ;  first  of  these  frost,  with  the  manifold 
injuries  caused  by  it,  then  excess  of  heat,  next  want 
of  light  and  excess  of  it,  with  sections  on  the  effects  of 
storm,  lightning,  hail,  snow,  and  ice  incrustations. 
Chapter  III.  contains  a  very  full  and  exceedingly  good 
account  of  the  injuries  caused  by  noxious  gases  and 
fluids — chief  of  these  sulphurous  acid,  produced  in 
the  combustion  of  coal.     In  Chapter  IV.  wounds  are 


German  authors   are   much   too    fond  of   classified 
indexes. 

Such  are  the  subjects  dealt  with  in  the  book,  and 
on  each  of  them  it  is  an  ample  storehouse  of  infor- 
mation. They  are  all  treated  of  with  adequate  detail, 
but  the  grasp  of  the  matter  is  not  the  same  through- 
out. Nevertheless  the  book  is  not  only  trustworthy, 
but  it  is  an  indispensable  guide  to  plant  diseases  for 
all  students  of  the  subject.  Dr.  Sorauer  deserves 
the  thanks  of  botanists  for  having  brought  us  much 
nearer  a  true  plant  pathology  than  we  have  yet 
been.  To  the  great  body  of  information  he  has 
gathered  together  here,  research  must  add  still  more 
before  the  subject  can  be  satisfactorily  laid  down  on 
truly  scientific  lines.  Much  has  been  done  already, 
and  among  those  who  have  worked  in  the  right 
direction  Dr.  Sorauer's  name  bears  an  honoured 
place.   G,  M. 


Gardens  of  Light  and  Shade.     By  G.  S.  C. 
Elliot  Siock. 

In  such  a  matter  as  ornamental  gardening  there  is 
room  for  the  greatest  diversities  of  taste,  but  there 
should  be  no  prejudice.  Our  author  is  apparently  no 
botanist,  and  has  little  love  or  care  for  plants  as  such. 
So  much  the  worse  for  him  ;  he  misses  the  main 
charm  and  interest  of  a  garden — its  life.  Still,  for  all 
that,  he  and  those  like  him  may  and  do  extract  a  vast 
deal  of  pleasure  from  a  garden,  looked  at  from  their 
point  of  view  only;  and  in  considering  his  book,  we  have, 
of  course,  to  look  at  it  from  his  point  of  view.  He  is  a 
thorough  admirer  of  the  picturesque  style  of  gardening, 
and  be  upholds  Nature  as  the  model  for  the  gardener 
to  follow.  No  one  will  gainsay  such  a  truism,  no  one 
questions  the  validity  of  the  oracle,  it  is  the  interpreta- 
tion of  it  that  leads  to  diversity  of  opinion.  Nature 
teaches  us  that  the  highest,  the  most  satisfying  sort  of 
beauty  is  that  styled  the  beauty  of  appropriateness,  or 
fitness  lor  purpose,  suitability  to  circumstances,  and 
harmony  with  surroundings.  When  these  are  secured 
there  is  for  those  who  can  read  it  a  consistent  history — 
a  lesson  in  adaptation.  The  natural  style  of  garden- 
ing is  unquestionably  in  the  abstract  the  most 
beautiful  and  the  most  agreeable,  but  in  prac- 
tice it  must  be  modified  more  or  less  accord- 
ing to  the  size  of  the  garden,  its  situation,  the 
nature  of  ^its  surroundings,  and  the  purpose  for 
which  it  is  required.  A  garden  is  by  its  very  nature 
to  some  extent  artificial  ;  if  it  were  not  so  it  would 
not  be  a  garden.  To  conceal  the  art  that  made  it 
what  it  is  often  demands  the  exercise  of  the  finest 
taste,  but  there  are  cases  where  any  attempts  to  con- 
ceal the  formality  and  art  employed  must  necessarily 
be  futile  and  ridiculous.  The  chapter  that  pleases  us 
least  in  the  present  book  is  that  beaded  "  Spare  the 
trees."  Here theauthorgibesat the "averagegardener" 
for  his  alleged  propensity  to  mutilate,  and  if  possible 
destroy  trees.  Well  we  know  that  some  men  calling 
themselvesgardenershavelittlesympathy  with  trees  and 
make  away  with  them  when  they  can.  Sometimes 
they  have  good  reason  for  so  doing  ;  they  want  some- 
thing, or  are  told  by  their  employers  to  do  something 
incompatible  with  the  presence  of  trees.  But  let  us 
suppose  that  there  is  no  such  necessity — that  it  is  a 
mere  question  of  personal  taste  and  inclination,  then 
let  us  ask.  Which  is  the  man  that  "spares  the 
trees"?— he  who,  by  timely  thinning,  pruning,  and 
judicious  management,  gets  the  utmost  possible  beauty 
out  of  the  tree  or  shrub  for  the  greatest  length  of 
time,  or  be  who  lets  the  internecine  war  betwean  tree 
and  tree,  and  bush  and  bush,  go  on  till  not  a  well- 
formed — that  is,  a  naturally  formed — tree  or  shrub  is 
left  on  the  place,  but  only  a  collection  of  distorted 
cripples  cruelly  deformed  for  want  of  proper  attention, 
and  marked  with  the  scars  of  ceaseless  struggles  which 
might  have  been  obviated,  and  from  which  it  is  the 
gardener's  business  to  protect  his  subjects.  In  the 
forest  or  on  the  mountain  side  such  sights  are  often 
grandly  picturesque,  suggestive,  and  interesting  to  the 
highest  degree ;  but  in  a  suburban  villa  garden,  such 
as  our  author  contemplates,  such  things  are  incon- 
gruous and  ridiculous  where  they  are  not  painful.  In 
the  suburbs  of  our  large  towns  we  are  shocked  and 
horrified  daily  at  the  cruel  treatment  of  shrubs  and 
trees,  and  the  waste  of  good  material  from  sheer 
ignorance.  We  may  well  cry  "  Spare  the  trees,"  but  in 
a  different  sense  from  our  author,  When  we  see  as  we 
do  choice  shrubs  and  trees  each  with  a  beauty  of 
its  own  crowding  one  another  out  of  existence, 
not  a  chance  being  given  to  any  one  of  them  to 
develope  its  beauty  properly — when  we  seeCalifornian 
monsters  and  Himalayan  giants  sweeping  the  bed-room 
windows  with  their  branches,  and  knocking  against  the 
chimney-pots,  truly  we  may  say,  "  Spare  the  trees," 
and  lament  that  all  this  barbarous  want  of  attention, 
all  this  cruel  ill-treatment,  this  careless  ignorance, 
this  incongruity,  has  not  been  spared  us  by  the 
timely  forethought  and  intervention  of  the  gardener. 
Conservatism  such  as  our  author  advocates  in  this 
matter  really  and  truly  leads  to  the  most  deplorable 
anarchy,  and  ultimately  to  the  destruction  of  the  very 
elements  of  beauty,  picturesqueness,  and  comfort  he 
is  so  anxious  to  preserve.  No,  it  is  not  the  gardener 
(there  are  gardeners  and  gardeners)  who  is  the  Goth 
and  Vandal ;  the  scandal  and  enormity  lie  at  the 
doors  of  those  who  allow  ignorance,  unreasoning 
sentiment,  and  temporary  gratification  to  stand  in  the 
way  of  intelligence,  foresight,  and  progressive  im- 
provemement. 

With  the  author's  suggestions  as  to  the  arrangement 
of  small  plots — "  Jack-towel  Gardens" — we  have  more 


46 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  io,  iS86. 


Bympathy.  His  plans  are  not  too  much  cut  up, 
secure  variety  and  interest,  and  as  mucli  breadth  and 
repose  as  the  restricted  dimensions  will  allow.  Plan 
E,  at  p.  69,  with  its  path  intersecting  the  whole  length 
of  the  lawn,  docs  not  commend  itself  on  paper,  l)ut 
paper  plans  on  so  small  a  scale  ofcen  give  a  very  faulty 
impression  of  the  real  appearance  of  the  garden.  The 
li,ts  of  plants  suggested  seem  appropriate.  Personally 
we  doubt  the  policy  of  in'roducing  fruit  trees  into 
such  small  gardens  as  the  author  contemplates,  eiiher 
from  the  point  of  view  of  beauty  or  economy;  but  if  the 
fancy  of  the  owner  must  be  gratified  in  this  direclion 
he  might  be  counselled  to  select  cordon  Apples  on  the 
Paradise,  or  pyramidal  Peaison  the  (Quince.  A  standard 
fruit  tree  in  a  flower  garden  is  as  ugly  a  thing  as- 
well,  a  standard  Rose. 


The   Carnation  and   Picotee  :    Us  (sic)    History, 
ProJ>eilu-s,  and  Manasicmcnt ,  ir-c.     A  reprint  nf 
the    essays   and    papers  thereon    by  Mr.    E.  S. 
Dodwell.     Groombridge  &  Sons. 
May  I  be  allowed  to  add  a  word  of  acknowledg- 
ment and  welcome  on  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Dod- 
well's   book   on   the   culture   of  the   Carnation   and 
Picotee,  wherein  the  knowledge  and  practice  of  many 
years,    hitherto    given   at   intervals,    and    in    wider 
bounds,   is   now  gathered    into  one    permanent   and 
more  accessible  form. 

Speaking  figuratively,  from  the  flower  it  represents 
and  treats  upon,  it  has,  like  the  bizirre  Carnation 
of  triple  colour  gifts,  the  white  ground  colour  of  a 
helpful  pure  intent,  the  bold  markings  of  a  full  expe- 
rience, and  for  the  third  feature  of  richness  the  history 
of  the  Carnation  as  a  botanist's  and  a  florist's  flower. 
No  one  need,  and  I  think  no  one  will,  unless  out 
of  extreme  innocence  of  the  existence  of  Mr.  Djd- 
well's  book,  attempt  to  go  over  the  floral  ground  it 
covers.  The  history  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee 
could  literally  only  be  repeated,  and  its  culture  could 
not  be  more  plainly  and  practically  set  forth,  while 
the  important  principles  of  improvement  by  seed  are 
explained  by  one  who  has  had  a  rare  experience  and 
B  large  success. 

What  constitutes  excellence  is  well  known  among 
florists,  and  is  here  faithfully  laid  down.  What  shall 
be  the  super  excellence  of  the  future,  of  this  alone  we 
present  labourers  may  not  write.  That  will  ever 
remain  an  unfinished  tale  of  any  florist  flower— a 
story  without  an  end,  so  long  as  there  shall  be  florists 
who,  in  their  day,  will  lead  their  flowers  on,  and 
make  record  of  advances  gained. 

In  Mr.  Dodwell's  book  I  note  one  modest  omis- 
sion, though  from  bis  words  on  "Pleasures  of  a 
garden,"  one  might  almost  infer  it  without  aid— that 
one  point  is  the  constant  beauty  of  order,  and  spot- 
less cleanliness,  whether  from  weed,  or  pest,  or  decay- 
ing matter,  in  which  his  flowers  always  have  been 
nurtured.  It  was  always  a  pleasure  to  see  the  con- 
dition and  surroundings  of  Mr.  Dodwell's  Carnations 
and  Picotees— nothing  about  them  to  detract  or  dis- 
tract. I  know  that  some  of  us,  so  long  as  the  jewel 
was  there,  have  not  always  cared  about  the  setting, 
but,  nevertheless,  untidiness  was  not  lair  to  the  jewel. 
On  one  thing  we  have  much  to  thank  Mr.  Dod- 
well for,  and  that  is  the  bestowal  of  his  very  inti- 
mate knowledge  of,  so  to  say,  the  personal  and 
family  history  of  so  many  varieties  of  the  Carnation 
and  Picotee.  It  i;  the  result  of  careful  notes  and 
close  observation,  and  many  other  acts  of  patience 
and  deep  interest,  and  but  for  him  such  history 
would  have  been  lost. 

The  Carnation  is  both  a  favourite  garden  flower 
and  of  high  standing  as  one  of  the  sterling  old  flowers 
of  the  florist.  But  not  alone  to  the  florist,  I  feel 
sure,  will  this  book  be  of  great  practical  use  :  much 
of  the  same  treatment  and  attention,  if  paid  to  the 
usual  garden  varieties,  will  amply  justify  its  adoption. 
What  is  needful  to  the  florist  flower  will  be  a  complete 
luxury  to  the  border  Carnation,  though  to  neither  is 
it  a  system  of  riotous  living  and  unnatural  coddling. 
Valualde  to  all  who  would  grow  Carnations  of  any 
kind  is  the  knowing  how  to  secure  seed,  from  the 
early  hour  of  catching  the  fugitive  pollen  on  the 
anthers,  to  the  time  for  harvesting  the  rather  shelly 
and  shabby-looking  pod  ;  generally  necessary,  also,  is 
knowledge  of  the  causes,  symptoms,  and  remedy  of 
disease.  Welcome  to  all  is  the  right  teaching  on 
packing  the  plants,  or  their  flowers.  On  all  such 
matters  and  import  Mr.  Dodswell's  book  will  be  of 
more  than  limited  use. 
Vet  I  hope,  too,  that  it  will  be  a  means  of  spread- 


ing the  knowledge  and  cultivation  of  a  beautiful  and 
fragrant  flower  in  its  more  varied  and  more  highly- 
gified  forms.  L-t  it  stand,  to  "strangers  yet,"  on 
these  intrinsic  merits,  though  we  could  all  speak  of 
what  more  to  a  florist  his  florist  flowers  are.  I  would 
only  remark  that  the  Carnation  and  Picotee  are  not 
necessarily  pot  plants,  neither  are  they  a  whit  less 
frost-proof  than  the  border  kinds  S  jme  are  of  a  habit 
more  slow  of  increase,  and  of  slenderer  growth  ;  but 
most  will  be  found  robust  enough  for  the  open  garden. 
There  they  will,  as  two-year  old  plants  especially, 
be  abundant  bloomers,  and  as  shiwy  as  any  rougher 
things  ;  but  the  more  they  flower  the  smaller  the  size, 
as  indeed  also  with  the  rougher  things.  The  severer 
the  exposure,  the  less  lasting  their  beauty  ;  but  so  it 
will  be,  too,  with  coarser  kinds.  In  the  matter  of 
propagation  the  method  of  always  having  a  succession 
of  plants  from  layers  is  the  best.  No  winter  will 
destroy  a  healthy  rooted  layer,  but  in  two-year-old 
planti,  or  older,  winters  like  the  last  will  be  found 
fatal  in  destroying  the  pith  of  an  old  main  stem,  and 
so  the  entire  plant. 

I  hope  that,  even  as  a  garden  flower,  ih:  florists 
Carnation  and  Picotee  will  become  more  known,  and 
that  Mr.  Dodwell's  words  of  guidance  may  fulHI  the 
practical  floricullural  object  for  which  he  has  written 
the  length  and  breadth  of  his  long  experience  as  a 
grower,  judge,  and  raiser  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee. 
F,  D,  Horner, 


Hyacinthus,  The  perianth  is  six-parted,  with  hypo- 
gynou;  stamens,  while  Ilemerocallis  has  the  perianth 
united  at  the  base,  and  the  stamens  seated  upon  it. 
SciUa  nutans  has  the  perianth  segments  slightly 
united  at  the  base,  the  stamens,  however,  seated 
upon  it,  and  Hyacinthus  has  a  tubular  Bower. 
Paradisia  Liliastrum  is  figured  \a  Flore  dcsSerres,  21S2, 
where  a  great  number  of  synonyms  are  given.  J.  F. 


THE    NOMENCLATURE    OF 
PARADISIA. 

Now  that  botanists  have  carried  it  thus  far  and 
saddled  it  v;ith  such  a  pleasant  name  it  is  hoped  they 
will  rest  on  their  arms  and  have  it  alone.  I  have 
traced  it  through  nine  Latin  or  Greek  generic  names, 
and  three  or  four  English  names,  such  as  Liliaster, 
S:.  Bruno's  Lily,  and  Savoy  Spiderwort.  None  of 
the  generic  names  are  very  recent,  which  shows  that 
the  older  botanist;  were  quite  as  mischievous  in  their 
nomenclature  as  those  of  the  present  day,  and  might 
well  have  been  asked  "where  they  were  going." 
Paradisia  is  so  named  because  considered  a  suitable 
inhabitant  of  Paradise.  Bertoloni  in  his  Flora 
Italiana,  iv.,  132,  authorises  this  name,  but  many 
other  European  botanists  have  each  named  it  accord- 
ing to  his  own  liking.  Linnaeus  is  quoted  as  the 
authority  for  both  Hemerocallis  and  Anthericum, 
although  it  is  most  probable  he  authorised  Ilemero- 
callis liliastrum  only.  The  plant  is  described  in 
Loudon's  En^ycJopiSdia.  of  Plants  under  both  the 
above  names  in  the  first  edition  of  the  book,  and 
almost  in  the  same  words,  referring  in  each  case  to 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  318,  where  it  is  figured 
as  Anthericum.  It  is  described  and  figured  in 
the  Illustrated  Dictionary  0/  Gardening  as  Antheri- 
cum, but  is  referred  to  Paradisia  later  on.  In  the 
Journal  of  the  LimiiVan  Society,  xv.,  2S6,  Czackia 
is  the  adopted  name,  and  is  perhaps  next  to  Antheri- 
cum that  most  commonly  emp'oyed  in  gardens. 
Other  names,  such  as  Phalangium,  Liliastrum, 
AUobrogia,  and  llyperogyne,  have  probably  never 
been  employeil  in  British  gardens,  nor  much  quoted  in 
gardening  book-.  Amidst  all  this  tangled  synonymy 
it  is  significant  to  note  that  the  specilia  name, 
Liliastrum  seems  to  have  been  retained  in  every  case 
except  where  the  latter  has  been  used  by  Link  in  his 
Handbook,  i.,  173,  as  the  generic  name,  when 
Liliastrum,  album  was  used.  If  it  could  bi  demon- 
strated that  the  latter  was  the  oldest  name  it  would  be 
a  very  suitable  and  desirable  one  to  adopt  ;  but  the 
mischief  attached  to  the  alteration  of  long-standing  or 
well  known  garden  names  is  incalculable,  and  cannot 
be  appreciated  by  gardeners  generally  who  hate 
synonyms,  nor  can  understand  why  botanists  alter 
them,  ev,n  if  only  to  rectify  a  popular  but  erroneous 
garden  name.  Tiiere  is  but  one  species  of  Paradisia, 
namely,  Liliastrum,  a  native  of  the  Pyrenees  and  the 
Alps  of  middle  Europe  generally,  from  whence  it 
was  introduced  to  this  country  in  1629,  and  may 
probably  have  retained  a  position  there  ever  since, 
seeing  that  it  is  hardier  than  some  people  are  willing 
to  imagine.  It  likes  a  tolerably  moist,  rich,  open 
soil,  but  is  not  fastidious  in  that  respect,  and  main- 
tains itseli  in  the  open  border  without  the  slightest 
artificial  protection  even  in  the  northern  parts  of  this 
island,  attaining  an  average  height  of  18  inches, 
flowering  in  spring  or  early  summer  and  then  going  to 
rest.  Speaking  broadly,  it  would  bear  the  same 
relation  to  Hemerocallis  that  Scilla  nutans  does  to 


PRUNIXG  AND  INCREASING  RHODODEN- 
DRONS. 

This  is  a  good  time  to  trim  in  Rhododendrons,  as 
if  cut  in  now  they  will  throw  up  an  abundance  of 
young  shoots  in  a  few  weeks'  time,  but  the  growths 
made  will  not  bloom  the  following  year.  Should  it 
be  desired  to  increase  the  stock  of  any  particular 
variety  of  these  or  hardy  Azaleas,  the  present  is  a 
good  time  to  layer  them.  Prepare  some  good  sandy 
peat  and  surround  the  plant  with  a  mound  about 
6  inches  in  depth.  Get  some  strong  hooked  pegs 
and  secure  the  branches  on  which  it  is  desired  to 
operate,  making  them  fast  to  the  ground.  With  a 
sharp  knife  proceed  to  tongue  the  shoot,  cutting  it 
from  below  in  a  slanting  direction  upwards.  Be 
careful  not  to  cut  too  deep,  as  the  wood  is  brittle. 
Mound  some  of  the  sandy  peat  over  the  shoot  at  the 
place  operated  upon  and  a  flit  stone  can  he  laid  atop 
of  all  to  prevent  evaporation,  and  secure  it  from  being 
disturbed  by  birds  scratching.  The  soil  must  never 
be  allowed  to  become  dry,  else  the  rooting  process 
will  not  proceed  rapidly.  They  will  also  root  freely 
without  tonguiog,  but  not  so  quickly.  Most  American 
plants  are  now  growing  freely,  and  they  will  derive 
great  benefit  from  liberal  doses  of  water ;  applications 
of  weak  cow-dung  water  will  be  of  great  benefit. 

Dahlias,  Hollyhocks. 

Continue  to  tie  up  Dahlias  and  Hollyhocks  as  they 
advance  in  growth.  Use  rather  broad  strands  of 
tying  material,  so  as  not  to  cut  the  stems.  If  it  be 
intended  to  show  either  of  these,  it  will  be  necessary 
to  reduce  the  number  of  spikes  on  Hollyhocks  to  one; 
and  the  quantity  of  blooms  on  Dahlias  will  require  to 
be  reduced  in  number.  Freq'aent  waterings  with 
manure-water  should  be  given,  and  a  good  mulch 
should  be  spread  over  the  beds.  If  ihis  is  likely  to 
prove  objectionable,  2  or  3  inchesof  soil  can  be  scraped 
from  the  bed,  the  mulching  material  then  hid  on, 
and  the  soil  returned  on  the  top.  The  dry  soil  will 
prevent  the  escape  of  ammonia,  and  will  also  neutralise 
the  smell  1.  f  the  manure, 

Roses. 

Roses  will  require  liberal  supplies  of  manure-water. 
If  this  be  neglected  mildew  will  result,  followed  by 
the  total  loss  of  flowers.  Should  mildew  appear  at 
once  take  measures  to  stop  its  ravages.  Syringe  the 
trees,  and  while  they  are  wet  dust  them  over  wi  h 
flowers  of  sulphur.  I  have  tried  double-refined 
petroleum  with  good  results.  Heat  rain-water  to  a 
temperature  of  85°,  and  put  into  6  gallons  o(  it  a 
small  6oflowerpotful  of  petroleum.  Stir  it  up  twice 
in  the  vessel  with  the  syringe  before  each  draw  out. 
Bi  careful  not  to  draw  from  the  very  top,  and  do  not 
use  any  after  it  gets  within  3  inches  of  the  bottom  of 
the  vessel.  There  is  nothing  which  I  have  tried  as 
yet  so  deadly  with  red  spider  as  petroleum.  Stop  all 
gross  shoots  on  Roses,  to  equalise  the  flow  of  sap. 
The  shoots  thus  stopped  will  throw  two  or  three  mode- 
ale  shoots,  and  will  flower  well  in  autumn.  Budding 
must  be  no  longer  delayed,  and  Carnations  should  be 
layered  forthwith.    Win.  Baillie,  Litton  Hoo. 


pi.AJNT?  AND  THEIR  j]uLTUF(E. 


FERNERY. 
In  this  department  more  air  must  now  be  given 
to  mature  the  fronds,  and  a  plentiful  supply  of  water 
should  be  given  to  the  roots,  whether  in  pots  or 
planted  out.  The  items  of  Tree  Ferns  of  all  sizes 
must  be  kept  well  moistened,  thereby  encouraging 
them  to  increase  in  bulk,  as  well  as  causing  a  more 
robust  growth  in  the  whole  plant.  Shading  of 
moderate  thickness  should  be  used,  and  that  only 
when  the  sun  is  shining  fully  on  the  house  ;  blinds 
that  are  fixtures  should  be  avoided  if  poisihle.     Pot 


July  io,  i886.1 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


47 


up  such  seedlings  as  may  be  required.  Now  is  a 
good  time  lo  slaita  batch  of  Adianlum  cuneatum  and 
A.  gracillimum,  which  have  been  at  rest  for  a  short 
time.  Any  of  the  small  and  delicate  varieties,  such 
as  Cheilanthes,  Cinychium  japonicum,  Llavea  cordi- 
folia,  &c.,  which  may  not  be  doing  well,  should  be 
repotted,  using  good  fibrous  peat,  similar  to  that 
employed  for  Orchids,  with  plenty  of  broken 
sandstone  and  charcoal  intermixed  ;  elevate  the 
plants  slightly  above  the  rim  of  the  pots,  and 
do  not  over-pot  them.  Encourage  root-action  as 
much  as  possible  ;  if  a  good  quantity  of  roots  is  not 
made  during  the  summer  or  early  autumn,  it  is  very 
difHcult  to  keep  the  plants  in  a  healthy  stale  through 
the  winter.  Trailing  varieties,  such  as  Lygodium 
scandens,  should  be  tied  to  trellises  or  sticks. 

The  Filmy  Ferns  should  have  careful  attention, 
never  allowing  them  to  suffer  from  dryness  at  the 
root,  or  in  the  air  of  the  house,  for  i(  this  point  be 
overlooked  the  ends  of  the  fronds  will  become  brown 
and  unsightly.  Keep  the  blinds  down  over  this 
house  so  long  as  the  sun  shines  out.  Pot  up  singly 
any  seedlings  of  last  year  ;  they  will  make  nice  little 
plants  by  next  season  ;  regulate  the  creeping  rhizomes 
on  pans  and  rockwork,  so  as  to  get  the  space  covered 
vhere  desired. 

Azalea-house. 

Specimen  plants  of  these  when  in  active  growth  must 
be  supplied  regularly  with  some  fertiliser,  such  as 
Standen's  or  Clay's  manure,  giving  also  liberal  sup- 
plies of  water  at  the  root,  except  to  those  which  have 
been  recently  potted,  and  have  not  yet  got  hold  of  the 
new  soil.  Syringe  regularly  twice  a  day  to  keep  up  a 
moist  atmosphere,  as  well  to  keep  thrips  in  check  as 
to  promote  healthy  foliage.  If  thrips  be  present  it  is 
better  not  to  resort  to  smoking  until  the  growths 
get  more  matured,  and  no  more  shade  should  be  given 
than  is  necessary,  shutting  up  the  house  about  2  30, 
except  on  days  when  the  sun  is  very  hot,  when  it 
may  be  closed  about  4  o'clock.  Plants  that  have 
made  their  growth  should  be  removed  to  an  airy 
house  or  pit ;  at  no  time  would  I  advise  the  placing 
ol  Azileas  out-of-doors  without  some  protection 
against  storms.  All  plants  that  were  grafted  some 
time  ago,  and  have  made  a  nice  growth,  should  have 
a  few  ties  put  to  them,  as  it  is  frequently  the  case  in 
moving  or  rearranging  the  plants  that  some  of  them 
get  their  scions  broken  off,  and  most  commonly 
where  they  can  be  ill-spared. 

The  Conservatorv. 
This  structure  will  now  be  gay  with  plants,  both 
flowering  and  foliage,  and  these  intermixed  with 
Balsams,  Celosias,  Tuberoses,  Pelargoniums,  Glox- 
inias, Fuchsias,  &c.,  the  benches,  &c.,  edged  with 
Ferns,  Panicuras,  Tropjeolum,  Tradescantia,  or  some 
other  graceful  plant.  See  that  the  plants  are  not 
crowded  together.  Regulate  the  trailers  on  the  roofs, 
trellises,  and  pillars;  do  not  tie  them  in  too  closely  or 
their  elegance  will  be  lost.  All  such  plants  as  are 
planted  out  in  narrow  borders,  will  require  frtquent 
waterings,  otherwise  theirblooming  season  will  be  much 
shortened.  For  a  few  days  keep  the  ventilators  a 
little  closer,  near  plants  which  have  just  been 
brought  io  from  warmer  houses. 

Greenhouse  Plants. 

Successional  batches  of  tuberous  Begonias,  Coleus, 
Balsams,  Fuchsias,  and  similar  useful  plants  should 
now  be  coming  forward  to  take  the  place  o(  those 
that  are  getting  past  their  best.  Pelargoniums  when 
over  should  be  placed  out-of-doors,  in  a  sunny  posi- 
tion, to  ripen  their  wood  prior  to  cufting  down. 
Hydrangeas,  when  the  flowering  is  over,  should  be 
placed  with  the  Pelargoniums,  but  giving  them  a  large 
supply  of  water  at  the  roots.  Cuttings  of  these  should 
be  put  in  without  delay,  singly,  in  pots,  in  bottom-heat. 
If  kept  to  single  stems  they  make  fine  blooming  heads 
early  for  another  season. 

All  soft-wooded  Ericas  will  now  be  making  free 
growth,  and  will  require  liberal  supplies  of  water, 
and  during  the  bright  hot  days  we  are  experiencing 
will  be  benefited  by  being  dewed  over  with  the 
syringe.  If  mildew  should  show  itself,  a  dusting  of 
suljihur  must  be  applied.  In  this  department,  if  at 
all  crowded,  many  plants  of  hardier  constitution 
may  be  placed  out-of-doors,  such  as  Camellias,  Gre- 
villeas,  Acacias,  Agapanthes,  Lomatias,  &c.,  if  they 
have  completed  their  growth,  placing  them  in  shady 
positions  at  first,  and  ultimately  bringing  them  in  a 
more  sunny  place  later  in  the  season  :  this  must  be 
observed,  otherwise  the  foliage  will  get  discoloured 
and  burned,  and  oftentimes  causing  a  great  gap  in  the 
plant  supply  where  it  can  be  ill-spared.  A.  Evans, 
Lyths  Hill,  HasUmcre, 


"Pr^UIT3    "yNDEF}    "QLAgg. 


PREPARING  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS    FOR 
FORCING. 

The  first  step  to  be  taken  in  this  direction  is  to 
obtain  the  necessary  number  of  6  and  7-inch  pots — 
only  a  small  percentage  of  the  latter  size  for  late 
varieties— and  well  crock  them,  by  placing  a  large 
piece  of  crock  in  the  bottom  of  each  pot,  then 
2  inches  thick  of  two  or  three  smaller  sizes  (the 
smallest  pieces  being  placed  on  the  top),  over  which 
sprinkle  a  handful  of  fresh  soot,  to  prevent  the  ingress 
of  worms,  and  over  that  a  few  rough  pieces  of  loam 
or  leaves.  This  done,  fill  the  pots  to  within  an  inch 
of  the  top  with  a  compost  consisting  of  three  par's 
good  loam  and  one  ol  horse  droppings,  rubbed  through 
a  quarter-inch  sieve,  ramming  it  in  firmly  as  the 
work  proceeds.  The  pots  should  then  be  taken  lo 
the  Strawberry  quarters  and  placed  so  as  to  reduce  to 
a  minimum  the  chances  of  the  runners  being  dis- 
placed in  the  process  of  watering  the  plants  and 
gathering  the  fruit.  The  runners  should  be  layered  in 
the  centre  of  the  pots  as  soon  as  they  are  large 
enough  to  handle,  and  secured  there  by  means  of 
small  pegs  (one  to  each  plant),  a  sufficient  number 
of  which  should  be  made  beforehand  out  of  old 
brooms  on  wet  days.  The  best  runners  should,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  be  selected,  and  the  superfluous 
ones  cut  away  as  the  work  of  layering  proceeds.  The 
plants  thus  layered  should  be  watered  overhead  every 
afternoon  during  bright  sunny  weather ;  this,  in 
addition  to  keeping  the  surface  of  the  soil  moist, 
which  is  all  that  is  required  until  the  roots  have 
pushed  into  it,  will  keep  the  young  plants  clean  and 
fresh. 

As  soon  as  they  have  become  sufiiciently  esta- 
blished to  admit  of  their  being  severed  from  the 
parent  plants  they  should  be  removed  to  a  favourable 
situation,  where  they  will  be  well  exposed  to  the  sun, 
and  be  placed,  not  too  closely  together,  on  sifted  coal- 
ashes,  or  on  the  brick  walls  enclosing  Vine  borders. 
From  this  time  until  the  plants  have  completed  their 
growth  they  should  have  liberal  supplies  ol  diluted 
liquid  manure  at  the  roots,  together  with  an  occa- 
sional surface-dressing  of  Beeson's  manure,  so  as  to 
develope  large  consolidated  crowns  ;  and  with  this 
object  in  view,  all  runners  and  any  small  crowns  that 
may  proceed  from  the  original  and  principal  ones 
should  be  removed  as  soon  as  they  appear.  As  the 
runners,  one  in  each,  are  being  layered  the  points 
immediately  beyond  the  miniature  plant  should  be 
pinched  out. 

The  Best  Varieties  for  Forcing. 
These  are  Vicomlesse  Ilericart  de  Thury,  La 
Grosse  Sucree,  Keen's  Seedling,  President,  and  Sir 
Joseph  Paxton ;  and  the  entire  number  of  plants 
grown  should  consist  of  as  many  of  the  two  last-named 
varieties  as  the  three  first-named  ones  together. 
These  varieties  make  a  good  succession  by  putting 
them  into  the  forcing-house  in  the  order  in  which 
their  names  appear. 

Peaches. 

In  order  to  assist  the  trees  in  late  houses  to  swell 
fine  fruits  they  should  be  kept  well  supplied  with 
liquid  manure  at  the  roots,  every  eight  or  ten  days, 
until  the  fruits  commence  colouring,  when  supplies  of 
clear  water  will  be  sufficient.  Failing  supplies  of 
liquid  manure  being  at  hand  an  occasional  surface 
dressing  of  Beeson's  manure  before  giving  clean 
water  at  the  roots  will  answer  the  same  purpose.  The 
shoots  should  be  kept  tied  up  to  the  trellis  and  all 
lateral  growths  be  pinched  clean  out,  and  in  tying 
the  young  and  best  placed  shoots  in  their  proper 
position  to  the  trellis  those  ol  last  year's  growth, 
which  have  no  fruit  on  them,  and  which  in  the 
ordinary  way  would  be  cut  out  at  the  winter  prun- 
ing, may,  with  advantage  to  the  tree,  be  removed 
forthwith,  using  a  sharp  knife.  Anything  approaching 
crowding  of  the  shoots  should  be  avoided,  otherwise 
the  very  object  which  most  gardeners  have  in  view — 
the  production  of  good  well-ripened  wood — will  be 
defeated. 

Houses  in  which  the  fruits  are  ripening  should 
have  a  sufficient  thickness  of  soft  dry  grass  laid 
on  the  bed  beneath  the  trees  to  prevent  any  ol  the 
fruits  which  may  (all  from  being  bruised.  This  is  better 
than  looping  a  piece  of  garden  netting  underneath 
the  trees,  unless  it  be  secured  pretty  close  to  the 


latter,  and  be  made  of  some  soft  material,  otherwise 
the  ripe  fruit  would  sustain  injury  in  the  fall  by  coming 
in  contact  with  the  net.  I  need  hardy  say  that  these 
houses  should  have  abundance  of  fresh  air  admitted 
to  them  day  and  night,  and  the  trees,  regardless  of 
the  fact  of  the  fruit  being  ripe,  should  not  be  allowed 
to  sufler  for  want  of  water  at  the  roots — a  condition 
which  would  cause  them  to  drop  their  fruit  sooner 
than  they  otherwise  would  do,  and  their  leaves  to 
become  infested  with  red-spider.  Beating  this  in 
mind  the  soil  (il  indoors)  should  be  thoroughly  watered 
before  putting  the  material  indicated  above  on  it,  and 
again,  as  soon  as  the  fruit  has  been  gathered,  and 
once  or  twice  during  the  interval,  should  the  weather 
be  hot  at  the  the  lime,  the  trees  should  be  well 
syringed  overhead  morning  and  afternoon  after  the 
crop  has  been  taken. 

Figs. 
Trees  swelling  their  fruit  should,  in  order  that  the 
latter  may  attain  to  large  dimensions,  have  occasional 
waterings  of  liquid  manure  at  the  roots,  and  the 
points  of  strong  growing  shoots  should  be  pinched 
out  prior  to  tying  them  in  to  the  trellis,  and  all  super- 
fluous growths  be  removed  forthwith.  Syringe  the 
trees  and  house  generally,  in  the  morning  and  after- 
noon at  shutting  up  time — about  half-past  four  o'clock 
— when  the  temperature  maybe  run  up  logo'.  H.  W 
Wani,  Longford  Castle. 


j4aRdy   "pRuiT  '(^arde;^. 


Where  bush  fruits  are  grown  extensively,  and 
the  greater  part  of  it  has  to  be  gathered  for  preserving, 
a  busy  time  is  now  at  hand,  and  considerable  man- 
agement will  be  necessary,  especially  during  change- 
able weather,  in  order  to  harvest  the  crop  in  a  satis- 
factory condition.  When  the  weather  is  favourable 
it  is  by  far  the  best  plan  to  employ  as  many  hands  as 
possible,  so  that  when  the  fruit  is  ripe  it  may  be 
gathered  as  quickly  as  possible.  Should  this  exces- 
sively dry  weather  continue,  undoubtedly  more  hands 
than  are  available  will  be  required  for  watering.  At 
least  the  roots  from  which  the  dessert  Strawberries 
are  to  be  gathered  for  some  time  to  come  should 
receive  timely  attention  in  this  respect,  or  the  bearirg 
season  will  be  quickly  over-  The  nets  should  be 
entirely  removed  two  or  three  times  during  the  period 
the  plants  are  fruiting,  and  all  weeds  and  useless 
runners  removed,  as  much  for  the  preservation  of  the 
nets  as  for  the  benefit  of  the  plants.  The  breastwood 
should  now  be  spurred  back  on  wall  Plums  and 
Apricots,  and  afterwards  the  trees  should  receive  a 
good  syringing  or  hoseing  overhead,  and  a  good 
soaking  of  water  at  the  root.  Young  trees  growing 
rapidly  should  receive  attention  as  to  pinching  and 
training  as  opportunities  occur,  and  the  growths  be 
kept  clean  by  frequent  syringings,  G.  H.  Richards, 
SomcrUy,  Rin^wood. 


BUPHANE  toxicaria. — This  plant  is  gener- 
ally recorded  under  the  name  of  Brunsvigia,  and 
sometimes  under  that  of  Hajmanthus,  some  of  the 
species  of  which  it  certainly  resembles  strongly,  such 
as  H.  Catherinae  and  H.  Kalbreyeri,  in  the  many- 
flowered  umbels  of  starry  flowers.  The  latter,  how- 
ever, throws  up  its  flowers  at  the  same  time,  while 
B.  toxicaria  is  perfectly  leafless,  or  merely  showing 
the  lips  of  the  young  leaves.  The  scape  is  exceed- 
ingly short,  with  a  dense  umbel  of  pedicellate  starry 
red  flowers.  They  are,  however,  generally  recorded 
as  pink,  but  are  certainly  much  darker  in  the  speci- 
men flowering  in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew.  As  in 
Hsemanthus,  the  stamens  are  a  conspicuous  feature  of 
the  flower,  and  the  filaments  in  the  present  instance  are 
red,  with  white  anthers,  until  they  burst,  exposing 
the  pale  yellow  pollen.  The  pedicels  elongate  after 
flowering,  the  lower  fall  down  until  the  fruiting 
umbel  presents  a  globose  outline.  Flowering  is  of 
rare  occurrence  with  this  Amaryllid  in  this  country, 
and  a  quantity  of  curiously  characteristic  distichous 
leaves  is  usually  all  the  growth  made  in  a  season 
when  the  plant  goes  to  rest,  and  remains  in  that  con- 
dition for  great  part  of  the  year.  It  is  grown  as  an 
economic  plant,  because  the  expressed  juice  is  used 
at  the  Cape  as  an  ingredient  in  the  poison  used  to  lip 
arrows.  It  is  called  by  the  Dutch,  Bolletje's  Gift,  OT 
Poison-bulb-  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in  tlM 
Botanical  Register,  7567. 


48 


THB     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


■July  td,  i8 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

r  Royal  Horticultural  Society  ;    MectiiiK  of 
the    Fruit     and    Klorai     ITommiltecs.   at 

T„..„.„  ,..,,..,  J       Show  of  Hlowers  and  Kruit.   ,    ' 

:  Kose  society  s  Show. 


.'  Rooms. 

'  nedford  and  Itcrordshire  Horticultural  So- 
ciety's show. 


t  Nottingham  liorticull 
(  Chiswick   Horlicultui 

J"'y'S-<  Sale  of  a  Collection  of  I 
I      Bud,  at  Stevens'  Roi 


if  Orchids  in  Flower  and 
Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 


Fkidav,  Iulyi6[      Morris' Roomi 

Sathroav        Ti,1v  ,7  /  ^"yi-^    Botanic    Society     of     Manch. 

SATURDAY,       July  17  j       Rose  Show. 


IN  spite  of  the  attraclions  offered  by  the  Rose 
Show  a  gloom  hung  over  South  Kensington 
on  Tuesday  last.  The  Roses,  poor  things  !  did 
their  best  in  the  sweltering  heat.  If  they  did 
lose  their  character,  change  colour,  and  open 
their  eyes,  that  was  not  their  fault;  they  pre- 
served their  beauty  as  well  as  could  be  expected, 
and  the  Rose  maniacs,  who  are  about  as  busi- 
ness-like a  set  of  people  as  we  know,  also  did 
their  parts  well.  Our  friends  are  so  much  of 
specialists  that  we  almost  fear  to  express  any 
opinion,  but  we  do  not  think  we  are  far  out 
when  we  say  that  the  show  was  not  up  to  the 
average,  though  as  much  so  as  the  season  the 
Roses  have  gone  through,  and  that  they  are 
now  enduring,  would  lead  us  to  expect.  Among 
hybrid  perpetuals  A.  K.  Williams  was  remark- 
able for  its  brilliant  rose  colour  and  the  perfect 
symmetry  of  its  flowers.  Madame  de  Watte- 
ville  is  a  new  Tea  of  great  promise,  with  large 
flowers  of  pale  cream  colour,  flushed  with  pale 
violet-pink.  Lady  Mary  Filzwilliam,  one  of 
Mr.  Bennett's  seedlings,  was  shown  in  fine 
condition,  with  large  very  full  ivory  flowers 
flushed  with  pale  pink^very  lovely.  The 
prize  for  the  best  Rose  in  the  exhibition, 
however,  fell  to  a  white  Rose,  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon.  It  was  very  large  and  beau- 
tiful, and  we  shall  not  contest  the  judgment ; 
only  we  think  the  judges  laid  too  much  stress 
upon  mere  size,  but  rosarians,  and  hot-water 
apparatus-makers  are  gentlemen  Editors  have 
a  wholesome  fear  of,  and  so  we  shall  be  careful 
in  expressing  an  opinion,  though  we  cannot 
help  thinking  that  in  class  22  the  basket  of  Tea 
Roses  marked  No.  2  was  better  than  that  to 
which  the  judges  awarded  the  first  prize  ;  but, 
good  rosarians,  this  is  really  only  a  matter  of 
opinion  ! 

But  as  we  have  said,  not  even  the  Roses 
could  dissipate  the  gloom  from  the  faces  of  the 
horticulturists.  What  could  be  the  matter .'  It 
was  not  the  heat.  Growers  of  stove  and  green- 
house plants  can  stand  that.  It  was  the  news 
that  the  great  Provincial  Show  at  Liverpool, 
from  which  so  much  was  hoped,  had  proved 
a  financial  failure.  We  need  not  point  out 
in  the  present  state  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Society  how  serious  a  matter  this  is,  nor 
how  great  are  the  disappointment  anil  sur- 
prise. When  a  great  catastrophe  has  hap- 
pened the  British  public  looks  out  for  some- 
body to  hang.  On  this  occasion  they  will  have 
a  ditificulty  in  finding  anybody  to  fit  the  noose. 
The  clerk  of  the  weather  was  most  amiable  ; 
such  a  sunny  sky,  not  only  for  one  day,  but  for 
the  whole  duration  of  the  show,  has  rarely,  if 
ever,  been  experienced.  The  show,  if  not 
quite  the  most  varied,  or  quite  the  best, 
since  1S66,  was,  at  least,  quite  up  to 
the  average  ;  the  exhibitors  did  their  duty 
in  the  main  ;  the  Council,  instead  of  keeping 
aloof,  took  an  active  share  in  the  work,  and 
mustered  in  force  on  the  ground  ;  the  managers, 
Mr.  Barron  and  Mr.  Richardson,  with  Mr. 
Ker  and  the  staff,  did  all  that  men  could  do, 
and  a  good  deal  more  than  most  would  have 
done.  The  Liverpool  horticulturists  did  their 
part  well,  and  yet  we  have  sorrowfully  to 
chronicle  a  [dismal  failure,  and,  this  in  a  city 


swarming  with  people  as  densely  as  London 
itself — that  is,  if  area  be  considered.  On 
the  five-shilling  day,  it  was  said.  Wait  till  the 
shillings  come  ;  on  the  half-a-crown  days,  still  the 
hope  was  held  out — the  shillings  will  make 
amends  ;  but  the  shilling  days  came,  and  the 
sixpenny  days  came,  and  they  were,  if  possible, 
more  thinly  attended  than  the  others.  What 
could  be  the  reason  ?  The  Press  gave  good 
reports,  the  show  was  fairly,  if  not  extensively, 
advertised  ;  the  Mayor  die!  his  best,  and  yet ! 
The  only  causes  of  failure  that  we  can  think  of 
were  the  elections  and  the  close  proximity  of 
the  vast  and  varied  "  Shipperies  "  E.xhibition. 
This  absorbed  all  the  shillings  and  sixpences, 
and  left  the  Horticultural  Society,  we  fear,  with 
resources  not  more  than  sufficient  to  pay 
the  attendants,  and  utterly  inadequate  to  defray 
the  other  items  of  the  cost.  Had  some  arrange- 
ment been  made  earlier  in  the  week,  so  that  one 
reduced  payment  should  have  admited  to  both 
exhibitions,  the  result  might  have  been  differ- 
ent. The  result  might  have  been  different  also 
if  the  elections  had  not  been  going  on  at  the 
time,  but  Liverpool  is  so  vast  and  is  the  centre 
of  so  vast  an  outlying  population  that  the  elec- 
tions could  have  had  but  little  effect.  So  far  as 
horticulture  is  concerned  the  loss  is  immaterial. 
The  show  was  a  good  one,  and  it  the  Society 
could  not  command  success  it  at  least  amply 
deserved  it.  Instead  of  finding  fault,  as  some 
are  disposed  to  do — they  always  do  on  such 
occasions — we  think  the  horticulturists  are 
under  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  Society  for 
having  made  a  right  gallant  attempt  in  the 
proper  direction,  and  their  failure  is  a  matter 
not  only  for  sincere  regret,  but  for  such  support 
and  assistance  as  the  horticulturists  may  be 
able  to  give.  The  matter  was  gone  into  with 
spirit  for  the  benefit  of  horticulture  and  horti- 
culturists, and  they  should  be  the  last  to  find 
fault.  We  shall  probably  not  hear  any  more  of 
provincial  shows  for  some  time  to  come. 

As  a  set-off  against  the  melancholy  failure  at 
Liverpool,  it  is  pleasant  to  record  a  genuine 
success  for  the  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent 
Institution.  Mr.  Sherwood,  as  head  of  one  of 
the  largest  seed  firms,  was  the  right  man  in  the 
right  place,  and  we  are  glad  to  learn  that  the 
largest  amount  ever  collected  (^1430),  not  even 
excepting  occasions  when  Royalty  presided, 
was  got  together  when  one  intimately  con- 
nected with  gardening  and  gardeners  filled  the 
chair.  We  hope  the  precedent  now  set  will  be 
followed  in  the  future,  and  we  hope  that  the 
gardeners  will  on  another  occasion  send  their 
shillings  and  sixpences,  or  as  much  more  as 
they  can  afford,  freely.  We  had  occasion  to 
speak  of  this  in  a  former  issue  ;  it  is  satisfac- 
tory to  know  that  ultimately  a  considerable 
number  of  small  donations  were  received  from 
gardeners. 

P.IONIA  Broteri.  —  We   gladly  avail  out 

selves  of  Mr.  Barr's  courtesy  by  publishing  an 
illustration  of  this  species  taken  for  us  from  a  living 
plant  in  his  collection  (fig.  11).  The  species  is 
about  2  feet  in  height,  wiih  crimson,  fragrant 
flowers,  and  is  intermetiiate  in  general  characters 
between  P.  corallina  and  P.  officinalis.  It  was 
described  by  Mr.  Baker  in  our  columns,  July  5, 
1884,  p.  10,  and  is  now,  as  we  believe,  figured  for 
the  first  time.     It  is  a  native  of  Spain  and  Portugal. 

The  "  Gardener's  Benevolent." — Mr. 

Cutler  must  really  excuse  us  if  we  relrain  from 
quoting  the  full  title  of  the  Instiiution  he  con- 
tinues to  direct  with  such  skill,  and  with  such 
advantage  to  the  community.  We  know  he  will, 
for  has  he  not  communicated  to  us  an  inleiesting 
fact  with  reference  to  the  Veitch  family  ?  In  the 
spring  of  1S43  he  was,  he  tells  us,  introduced  to  the 
late  Mr.  James  Veitch  of  Exeter,  who  became  a 
subscriber  at  that  time ;  his  sod,  whom  most  of  us 
remember  at  Chelsea,  was  a  firm  supporter  of  the 
Institution,  and  at  the  festival  on  last  Friday,  two  more 
generations  of  the  Veitch  family  were  represented  in 


the  persons  of  Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  the  present  head 
of  the  firm,  and  Messrs.  J.  H.  and  Arthur  Veitch, 
the  great-grandsons  of  the  original  James  Veitch.  It 
is  permitted  to  very  few  Secretaries  to  be  personally 
acqiinted  with  four  generations  of  one  family,  and 
the  fact  says  a  good  deal  for  the  family  as  well  as  for 
the  Society. 

"Gardeners'  Chronicle"    Prizes.— In 

reply  to  several  enquiries  we  have  to  state  that  the 
first  prize  essay  will  be  published  as  a  whole  or  in 
part  so  soon  as  the  woodcut  reproductions  of  the 
drawings  are  completed.  This  necessitates  a  delay  of 
some  weeks. 

Mr.  II.   Schmitz.— We  learn  that  Mr.  H. 

Schmitz,  formerly  Secretary  of  the  Compagnie  Con- 
tinentale  of  Ghent,  has  established  on  his  own 
account  a  horticultural  agency  and  seed  store  on  a 
large  scale  at  20,  Rue  de  Brabant,  Ghent. 

The  Liverpool  Show.— The  prizes  which 

Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.  offered  to  be  com- 
peted for  at  the  above  show  on  the  29th  ult.,  for  their 
Telephone,  Telegraph,  Stratagem,  and  Pride  of  the 
Market  Peas,  fifty  pods  of  each,  were  not  (in  conse- 
quence of  the  judges  having  confounded  them  with 
those  that  were  staged  for  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  prize  for  three  dishes  of  Peas)  awarded  until 
the  second  day  of  the  show,  when  the  1st  prize  was 
given  to  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Castle,  the 
only  exhibitor  in  this  class,  and  who  also,  as  pre- 
viously reported,  secured  the  Society's  ist  prize  for 
three  dishes  of  Peas. 

Royal  Gardens,  Kew.— A  second  edition 

of  the  Official  Guide  to  the  Museums  of  Economic 
Botany  has  been  published,  or  rather  to  No.  I 
Museum.  The  value  of  such  a  catalogue  depends 
upon  the  compiler.  The  exhibits  are  there,  as  we  all 
know,  in  profusion,  and  they  are  admirably  arranged, 
and  now  the  showman  has  done  his  part,  and  pro- 
vided an  excellent  systematic  catalogue. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  :  Boiler 

Contest  at  Liverpool. — The  competition  in  the 
three  classes  began  about  mid-day  on  Tuesday, 
Wednesday,  and  Thursday  respectively,  and  each 
lasted  till  about  8  o'clock  the  next  morning,  being 
banked  up  about  8  p.m.  the  previous  night.  In  the 
ist  class,  for  boilers  capable  of  heating  2000  feet  of 
4-inch  pipe,  the  entries  being  Messrs.  F.  &  J.  Mee, 
of  Liverpool,  with  a  6-feet  wrought  iron  saddle 
boiler,  having  water-way  bars  and  back ;  Messrs. 
Foster  &  Pearson,  with  their  "ChilwellNurseries" 
boiler,  6  feet  long,  being  an  adaptation  of  the  Roch- 
ford  pipe  boiler ;  and  Messrs.  Wood  &  Co.,  of  Bristol, 
with  a  tubular  saddle  boiler.  Messrs.  Mee  came  out 
best.  In  the  2d  class,  for  boilers  capable  of  heating 
1000  feet  of  4-inch  pipe,  the  entries  were  Messrs. 
Mee,  with  the  same  boiler ;  Messrs.  Foster  & 
Pearson,  with  their  "  Beeston  "  boiler,  a  wrought- 
iron  sectional  boiler,  with  tubes  connecting  the 
sections  i  Mr.  F.  Witherspoon,  of  Durham,  with 
his  "  Red  Rose  "  cast-iron  tubular  saddle  toiler  ; 
and  Mr.  Sam.  Deard,  of  Harlow,  with  his 
coil  boiler  on  waterway  bars,  Messrs.  Foster 
&  Pearson  retired  from  the  contest  during  the 
day,  and  Mr.  Deard's  boiler  showed  the  best 
results.  In  the  3d  class,  for  boilers  capable 
of  heating  500  feet  of  4-inch  pipe,  the  entries 
were— Mr.  J.  G.  Wagstaff,  with  his  combined 
wrought  and  cast-iron  saddle  boiler,  with  waterway 
bars  ;  Mr.  S.  Deard,  with  a  small  coil  boiler  (with- 
out waterway  bars) ;  Mr.  Wood,  with  a  similar 
boiler  to  his  2000  feet  one,  but  smaller ;  and  Messrs, 
Foster  &  Pearson,  with  their  independent  wrought- 
iron  "  Liverpool  "  boiler,  which  they  withdrew  from 
competition.  Mr.  Deard's  boiler  again  came  out 
best.  Messrs.  Mee  and  Mr.  Deard  were  awarded 
Silver  Medals,  and  Messrs.  Witherspoon,  Wag- 
staff,  and  Wood  a  Bronze  Medal  each, 

MiSTLETO  IN  July. — Well,    we   have  very 

extraordinary  weather  this  summer,  that  is  certain, 
The  newspapers  are  so  busy  that  they  have  failed  to 
record  the  the  extraordinary  Gooseberry,  though  the 
state  of  Kensington  Gardens  has  not  escaped  notice, 
and  the  big  show  at  Liverpool  was  noted,  as  usual, 
as  the  biggest  of  its  kind  since  1866.  But  we 
— we,  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle — have  something 
more  extraordinary  to  record — something   not  quite 


JolV  10,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


49 


to  often  dished  up,  and  that  is  the  appearance  of 
Mislleto  berries  at  midsummer,  or  soon  after.  The 
branch  lies  on  our  table  before  us  with  its  glistening 
white  berries,  and  sends  us  back  in  memory  to  that 
period  a  few  months  since,  when  waggonload  after 
waggonload  passed  our  window  to  the  adjacent 
market,  as  they  will  probably  do  next  December.  Its 
appearance  at  midsummer  baffles  calculation.  Can 
it  have    anything   to   do   with  the  elections?    Our 


joined  the  Society,  which  has  been  in  existence  little 
more  than  four  months,  and  lectures  on  various  gar- 
dening subjects  have  been  given.  Mr.  J.  Crook 
has  been  appointed  librarian,  and  Mr.  J.  Hughes 
has  shown  great  energy  in  obtaining  the  special  dona- 
tions to  the  library  fund.  The  Birmingham  Botanical 
and  Horticultural  Society  has  arranged  that  for  an 
annual  subscription  of  ^5  5^.  the  Gardeners'  Society 
shall  have  the  privilege  of  tree  admissions  on  all  ordi- 


collections  which  might  otherwise  escape  the  obser- 
vation of  those  most  concerned.  The  plant  named  at 
the  head  of  this  paragraph  was  shown  at  the  National 
Rose  Society  on  Tuesday  last,  at  South  Kensington, 
and  the  solecism  of  showing  an  Irid  at  a  Rose 
show  may  be  pardoned  with  the  expression  of 
a  hope  that  the  authorities  will  do  it  again.  Their 
reputation  is  so  well  established,  that  no  one  will 
misconstrue  their  action,  but  all  will  gratefully  appre- 


FlG.   II,— P.SONIA   BROTERI  :  FLOWERS  CRIMSON,    FRAGRANT.      (SBE  P.   48.) 


specimen  comes  from  Gordon  Castle  gatden,  up  In 
Aberdeenshire. 

The   Birmingham   Gardeners'  Mutual 

Improvement  Society.— A  library  in  connection 
with  this  recently  formed  Society  was  opened  lately, 
funds  to  the  amount  of  ;^6o  having  been  subscribed 
by  gentlemen  of  Birmingham  for  this  purpose,  and 
100  volumes  of  standard  gardening  works  have 
been  already  purchased  at  a  cost  of  /40,  and  fifty- 
two  other  books  have  been  generously  presented  by 
other  persons.     Two  hundred  members  have  already 


naty  days  and  Sundays  to  all  members  on  presenting 
their  cards  of  membership,  and  to  free  access  to  the 
Botanical  Society's  library  for  reference,  and  other 
privileges.  Mr.  W.  B.  Latham,  Curator  of  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  is  the  Chairman  of  the  new  Society, 
and  a  series  of  essays  and  discussions,  as  well  as 
lectures,  are  being  arranged  for  the  autumn  and  winter 
season. 

Gladiolus    Watson ioides.  —  The    Kew 

authorities  are  rendering  excellent  service  by  exhibiting 
from  time  to  time  specimens  from  their  miignificent 


ciate  the  feeling  Which  induces  them  to  lay  their 
treasures  before  the  horticultural  fraternity.  The 
present  species  is  a  Gladiolus  with  a  spike  of  orange- 
pink  curved  trumpet-shaped  (lowers.  The  special 
interest  lies  in  the  fact  that  it  was  raised  from  seed 
collected  on  KiUimanjaro,  the  snow-capped  mountain 
of  South  Tropical  Africa,  at  a  height  of  10,300  feet,  by 
Mr.  H.  H.  Johnston,  and  sown  in  January,  1885. 
Mr.  O'Brien  at  once  recognised  the  plant  as  Gladi- 
olus Watsonius  of  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  450, 
and  t.  569.  This  latter  name  is  not  taken  up  in  Mr. 
Baker's  Systema  Iridacearum,  at  least,  we  have  not 


so 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JOLY   10,    l8 


discovered  it.  In  any  case,  the  discovery  of  the 
plant  on  the  il^pes  of  Kilimanjaro  is  a  fact  of  great 
significance  and  high  interest, 

Banana  Culture  in  Costa  Rica. — The 

British  consul,  writing  on  the  agriculture  of  San 
JoEc,  Costa  Rica,  says  the  cultivation  of  IJLinanas  on 
the  Atlantic  slope  is  increasing  steadily,  owing  to  the 
success  which  has  attended  those  who  have  taken  up 
lands  alonside  the  railway  for  that  purpose.  Many 
who  bought  land  on  credit  at  {^\  per  acre  have  been 
enabled,  in  less  than  four  years,  to  pay  off  not  only 
the  principal  and  all  working  expenses  of  clearing 
and  cultivating  the  land,  but  tj  be  in  possession  of  a 
farm  of  some  250  to  500  acres  of  Banana  plants, 
grazing-grour.d,  and  woodlands,  bringing  in  an  in- 
come of  ^6o  to  ;^So  per  month, 

The  Royal  Oxfordshirk  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Show. — There  were  six  entries 
for  the  prizes  offered  by  Messrs.  Webh  &  Sons,  of 
Wordsley,  Stourbridge,  and  the  compelion  was  keen, 
all  vegetables  being  of  first-class  quality,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  these  their  customers  were  fortunate  in  taking 
thirfy-two  1st  and  2d  prizes  in  the  open  classes. 

Arracacca.— From   a   letter   addressed   to 

the  London  Secretary  of  Slate  for  India  by  the 
Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  and  published 
in  the  Proceedings  ol  the  Agricultural  and  Horticul- 
tural Society  of  India,  it  seems  that  the  Arracachi 
(.\rracacca  esculenta)  is  now  fairly  established  in 
India.  Mr.  Morris,  lately  of  Jamaica,  considers  it 
"a  most  valuable  food-plant,"  becoming  more  palat- 
able and  desirable  the  longer  it  is  used,  and  states 
as  his  opinion  that  "  if  the  natives  of  India  take  to  it 
as  an  article  of  food,  he  could  conceive  nothing  more 
likely  to  flourish  in  the  hill  districts,  and  to  afljrd 
with  little  labour  the  means  of  sustaining  life  under 
adverse  circumstances."  Regarding  the  distribution 
of  the  plant  from  Kew,  Mr.  Dyer  says:  —  "A 
supply  of  tubers  received  at  Kew  from  Jamaica  was 
sent  in  18S3  to  Saharunpur,  Ootacamund,  and  Cey- 
lon, and  in  18S4  to  Calcutta  for  Darjeeling.  Mr. 
Lawson,  Director  of  Government  Cmchona  Planta- 
tions, Parks  and  Gardens,  Niigiris,  reported  in  1SS4 
that  plants  had  been  raised  from  tubers  sent  from 
Kew.  The  result  of  the  other  two  botanical  esta- 
blishments has  not  reached  us.  From  Ceylon  Dr. 
Trimbn  has  recently  reported  that  he  has  raised  the 
Arracacha  from  seed  obtained  direct  from  Jamaica. 
He  appears  to  have  obtained  the  tubers  without 
difficulty  and  in  abundance.  As  a  matter  of  taste, 
he  has  a  less  favourable  opinion  of  them  than  Mr, 
Morris  ;  but  the  important  point  is,  that  the  intro- 
duction of  the  esculent  into  India  is  accomplished, 
and  that  its  further  diffusion  need  present  no  diffi- 
culty." 

Brick  Tea.  —  Reporting   on   the   trade  of 

Foochow  for  1885  the  British  consul  says  the  manu- 
facture of  brick-tea  of  varieties  of  tea-dust  by  Russian 
merchants  only,  for  export  to  Siberia,  is  acquiring 
considerable  importance.  The  low  cost  of  the  dust, 
the  cheapness  of  manufacture,  the  low  export  duties 
upon  it,  together  with  the  low  import  duties  in 
Russia,  combine  to  make  this  trade  a  success  and  a 
profitable  business.  "  The  most  expensive  part  of  the 
business  is  the  freight  on  the  bricks  by  sea  to  Tien- 
tsin, and  the  carriage  on  camel-back  to  Kiachta. 
The  Russian  merchants  export  Tea-leaf,  but  in  small 
quantities,  for  Russia  proper,  their  chief  business 
being  the  making  of  brick-tea,  their  commissions  on 
orders  from  Russia  being  large,  and  no  loss  is  in- 
curred. The  brick  is  so  beautifully  made,  and  is  so 
portable,  that  it  has  surprised  me  that  the  British 
Government  does  not  get  its  supplies  from  this  port  ; 
they  would  find  it  less  expensive  and  wholesomer 
than  what  is  now  given  the  army  and  the  navy. 
I  think  a  trial  should  be  made,  or  that  a  Government 
agent  should  be  employed  on  the  spot  to  manufacture 
the  brick-lea  in  the  same  way  that  the  Russians  here 
and  at  Hankow  do," 

Cvpripediu.m  Godefroy/E  and  its  Al- 
lies.—Widely  distinct  as  the  types  C.  concolor  and 
C.  niveum  may  seem  to  be,  the  differences  are  all 
bridged  over  by  C.  Godefrt.yce  and  its  forms.  The 
two  former  are  figured  in  the  Cankiicfs'  Chronide, 
vol.  xix.,  n.s.,  p.  19,  fig.  3,  where  the  leading  and 
characteristic  differences  are  pointed  out.  All  have 
flowered  from  time  to  time  at  Kew,  but  at  present  a 


whole  series  of  forms  is  flowering  together,  affording 
an  excellent  opportunity  for  comparison.  The  lead- 
ing points  of  C.  concolor  are  the  narrow  petals,  the 
elongated  laterally  compressed  labellum,  the  rhom- 
boid-triangular staminode,  or  columnar  shield,  with 
its  upper  edge  pubescent,  the  pale  yellow  ground 
colour  dotted  with  purple,  and  the  leaves  spotted  or 
blotched  with  grey  above,  and  closely  moti led  with 
purple  underneath.  C.  niveum  differs  from  the  above 
in  the  broader  petals,  shorter  more  inflated  labellum, 
the  shorter  subreniform  staminode,  with  a  tooth  in 
the  notch,  the  white  ground  colour  of  the  flowers, 
and  in  the  undersurface  of  the  leaves  being  generally 
of  a  uniform  dark,  almost  black,  colour.  This  cha- 
racter of  the  leaves,  however,  is  not  altogether  con- 
stant in  C.  niveum,  which  has  its  foliage  sometimes 
uniformly  green  above.  C.  Gode^royx  is  distinguished 
by  its  broad  sepals  and  petals,  short  sub-inflated 
labellum,  roundish  tridentate,  often  almost  orbicular, 
staminode  without  the  pubescence  on  its  upper  edge, 
and  the  white  ground  colour  of  the  flowers  more  or 
less  heavily  spotted,  almost  blotched,  with  purple, 
A  form  of  this,  also  flowering,  has  the  narrow  later- 
ally compressed  labellum,  and  the  pale  yellow  ground 
colour  of  C.  concolor,  but  otherwise  conforms  to  C. 
GodefroyjE.  All  these  forms  are,  botanically,  varieties 
of  one  variable  species,  although  for  horticultural 
purposes  they  may  be  treated  as  distinct. 

Ornithocephalue  grandiflorus.— Of  the 

twenty  known  species  of  this  genus  the  subject  of 
this  note  is  by  far  the  largest,  most  handsome  and 
deserving  of  the  attention  of  Orchid  growers.  The 
other  members  of  the  genus,  though  diminutive  and 
inconspicuous,  are  interesting  on  account  of  the  un- 
wonted and  extraordinary  elongation  of  the  rostellum 
and  pedicels  of  the  poUinia.  This  is  noticeable  to 
some  extent  in  PhalKnopsis  Lowii,  which,  however, 
does  not  approach  anything  resembling  the  develop- 
ment of  those  organs  in  the  large-flowered  Ornitho- 
cephalus.  The  flowers  themselves  are  produced  in 
long  drooping  racemes,  exhibiting  a  peculiar  mixture 
of  the  purest  white  and  deep  green.  The  sepals  and 
petals  are  white  with  a  distinct  green  blotch  above 
the  base  excepting  the  upper  sepal,  which  is  concave 
add  without  the  blotch.  The  labellum  is  white  with 
large-toothed  deep  green  crest,  which  serves  greatly 
to  give  character  to  the  flower.  A  coloured  plate 
given  in  the  Belsiquc  Hortieok  for  1S84,  p.  S<},  gives 
an  excellent  idea  of  the  natural  habit,  size  and  appear- 
ance of  a  plant  in  full  flower  but  the  artist  has  painted 
the  flowers  with  a  decided  tinge  of  yellow  which  does 
not  correspond  to  that  of  a  flowering  specimen  in  the 
cool  Orchid-honse  at  Kew.  Lindley  first  described 
this  species  in  1840  from  a  dried  specimen  from  the 
Organ  Mountains  of  Biazil— and  the  good  qualities  of 
living  flowering  plants  excels  all  that  he  said  regard- 
ing them.  This  species  was  shortly  described  or 
noticed  in  \}aiGarJcners"  Chronicle  by  Reichenisach, 
August  5,  1S82,  but  excepting  this  no  notice  seems  to 
have  been  taken  of  the  genus  in  gardening  periodicals 
although  several  of  the  small-flowering  species  have 
flowered  in  this  country  from  lime  to  liaie,  chiefly  in 
gardens  of  the  curious  or  of  specialists. 

Maurandya  Barclayana. — The  genus,  as 

now  constituted,  contains  only  about  six  species,  even 
after  Urospermum  and  Usteria  have  been  merged  in  it. 
They, are  confined  to  Mexico  and  are  therefore  not 
suffi:iently  hardy  to  withstand  our  winters  out-of- 
doors,  although  they  may  and  are  cultivated  suc- 
cessfully in  sheltered  places  in  summer.  The 
species  mentioned  above  is  probably  the  best  known 
and  oftenest  cultivated  in  this'country,  and  forms  a 
fine  subject  for  trellis  work,  supporting  itself  by 
twining  or  twisting  petioles.  The  cordate  and  hastate 
slightly  lobed  leaves  are  beautifully  enlivened  by 
the  long  tubular  flowers  that  vary  considerably 
in  colour.  A  figure  in  the  Bolanical  Regisler,  t.  iioS, 
erroneously  spelt  Maurandia  Barclaiana,  exhibits 
flowers  with  a  whitish  tube  and  a  deep  violet  lamina. 
Two  varieties  of  the  plant  grown  at  Pendell  Court 
have  more  or  less  overlapped  one  another  in  growth, 
so  that  the  foliage  is  enlivened  by  purple  fljwers  with 
a  whitish  tube  and  pure  white  ones.  Although  both 
must  be  considered  as  old  introductions  they  have  not 
enjoyed  that  popularity  and  dissemination  in  British 
gardens  which  their  own  intrinsic  merit  deserves. 
They  are  readily  raised  from  seeds  and  might  often 
be  utilised  for  the  same  purpose  as  Thunbergia  alata, 
or  both  might  be  grown  in  combination.  At  Pendell 
Court  they  enjoy  the  protection  of  a  cool-house,  where 


Himalayan  Rhododendrons  are  grown  planted  out  in 
a  peat  bed,  margined  by  the  profusely  flowering 
Streptocarpus  Rexii  floribundus,  in  many  shades,  from 
pure  white  to  varieties  heavily  striped  with  violit. 

Awards  made  at  the  Liverpool  Show. 

— Gold  medals  have  been  awarded  to  Mr.  B.  S. 
Williams,  Upper  Holloway,  and  Msssrs.  J  imes 
Veitch  &  Sons,  London,  for  groups  of  miscellaneous 
plants  ;  and  Messrs.  James  Backhouse  &  Sons,  York, 
for  filmy  ferns  and  herbaceous  plants.  Silver  Gilt 
Medals  have  been  given  to  Messrs.  W.  Cutbubh  & 
Sons,  Highgate,  for  group  of  miscellaneous  plants; 
Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester,  for  stove 
and  greenhouse  plants  ;  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co., 
St.  Alban's,  for  a  group  of  orchids  ;  and  Messrs.  R. 
Smith,  the  Nurseries,  Worcester,  for  a  group  of 
Clematis;  Silver  Medals  to  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co., 
High  Holborn,  for  a  collection  of  annuals,  and 
Mr,  Charles  Turner,  Slough,  for  a  group  ol  tree  Car- 
nations ;  and  Bronze  Medals  to  Mr.  Edward  Bridge, 
Huyton,  for  Pelargoniums,  and  Messrs.  James  Dick- 
son &  Sons,  Chester,  for  a  collection  of  succulents  ; 
to  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  for  grasses,  living 
specimens  of  vegetables  and  roots,  seeds,  and  models 
of  garden  products,  &c.  This  award  was  erroneously 
attached  to  a  notice  of  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons'  cordon- 
trained  fruit-tree  exhibit  in  our  report  of  the  show  last 
week. 

Proposed  Rose  Show  in  Edinburgh. — 

The  horlicuhural  com-nittee  of  the  luternational 
Exhibition,  Edinburgh,  has  announced  its  intention 
of  giving  space  in  the  hall  of  the  exhibition  budiings 
for  a  display  of  Roses  from  the  20'.h  to  the  24ih  inst. 
Most  of  the  principal  trade  growers  in  the  country 
have  given  assurances  of  their  co-operation  with  the  • 
committee  in  the  matter.  It  is  expected  that  there 
will  be  an  extensive  disphy.  Although  Roses  only 
have  been  specially  solicited,  space  will  be  given  for 
any  other  exhibits  that  may  be  sent  in.  It  is  also  the 
intention  of  the  committee  to  offer  /ac  lilies  for 
exhibits  of  other  classes  of  cut  flowers  subsequently 
at  different  times  during  the  season.  Arrangements 
are  also  being  made  for  a  comparative  trial  of  liwn- 
mowers  at  the  time  of  the  forthcoming  Rose  Show 
should  the  weather  intervening  prove  favourati; ;  at 
present,  however,  the  prevailing  drought  and  heat 
give  little  promise  of  a  sufficient  growth  of  grass  to 
laiily  test  the  various  machines  exhibited. 

The    Golden    Elder. — This    shrub    does 

well  in  town  gardens,  and  in  cases  where  it  fails  to 
develope  the  golden  tint  of  its  foliage  it  is  recom- 
mended to  be  cut  back  severely  so  as  to  induce  the 
formation  of  young  vigorous  shoots  of  the  desired 
coloration.  This  plan  does  not,  however,  always 
succeed,  but  even  as  a  green  variety  it  is  a  very 
desirable  plant  in  smoky  situations.  It  differs  from 
the  common  Elder,  cot  only  in  colour,  but  also 
slightly  in  the  size  and  shape  of  the  leaflets,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  convex,  not  flat,  flower-cymes,  the  larger 
individual  flowers,  their  greater  substance,  &c. 

T.HE  Odour  of  Rubus  deliciosus.— To 

one  accustomed  to  the  odour  emitted  by  this  showy 
Bramble  the  question  would  naturally  arise  whether 
it  derives  its  specific  name  from  that  circumstance. 
ToRREY,  however,  in  the  Annah  of  the  Lyceum  of 
Natural  Hislory,  Ncm  York,  describes  the  Bramble 
as  having  purple  flowers  succeeded  by  a  delicious 
fruit.  It  seems  that  all  ihe  plants  cuUivated  in  this 
country  have  white  flowers,  and,  although  it  flowers 
abundantly  at  Kew  both  00  a  wall  and  in  the  open 
ground  it  never  matures_any  fruit  nor  even  seems  to 
set  any.  The  peculiar  odour  of  which  it  is  possessed 
continues  to  be  given  off  for  a  considerable  period  of 
time,  evidently  while  young  wood  and  leaves  are 
developed,  whether  in  the  presence  of  blossom  or  not. 
Probably,  however,  the  odour  emitted  is  most  power- 
ful when  the  young  foliage  and  flower-buds  are 
bursting  forth,  especially  when  the  air  is  still,  and  at 
any  period  of  the  day  provided  the  atmosphere  is 
moist.  .Moisture  is  not  essentially  necessary,  but  it 
seems  to  intensify  the  volume  ol  the  volatile  odori- 
ferous  matter.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  this 
material  is  excreted  by  the  reddish  glands,  with 
which  the  young  shoots,  leaves,  and  calyx  are  heavily 
beset  while  growth  is  advancing.  The  Botanical 
Magazine  in  describing  the  plant  figured  t.  6062, 
says,  this  species  is  without  glands,  bristles,  or 
prickles,  and  the  statement  is  repeated  in  Flore  lies 


July  10,  iS86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


51 


Serres^  2404,  which  quotes  from  the  former  work. 
The  description  had  evidently  been  made  from 
old  or  fully-developed  specimens  from  which  the  glands 
had  disappeared.  The  odour  at  times  is  distinctly  dis- 
cernible several  yards  distant  pervading  the  atmosphere, 
and  when  the  plant  is  out  of  flower,  any  one  unac- 
quainted with  it  would  have  difficuliy  in  detecting 
from  whence  the  smell  proceeded,  especially  if  grown 
in  the  vicinity  of  other  plants.  The  odour  is  distioc'ly 
that  of  bleaching  linen,  and  it  has  been  def^cribed  as  that 
of  soap-suds,  which  would  practically  amount  to  much 
the  same  thing.  It  is  by  no  means  over-powerful  or 
disagreeable,  and  although  it  does  not  appear  to 
have  derived  its  specific  name  from  the  odour 
emitted  by  the  excreting  glands,  yet  there  is  no 
denying  that  such  migh^  hive  been  the  case,  seeing 
that  the  olfactory  nerves  in  different  people  are  acted 
upon  differently  by  the  same  odour.  An  excellent 
representation  is  given  of  the  species  in  the  Gar- 
deners* Chronicle^  iSSi,  xv.,  537,  fig.  lOl. 

The  New  Comhination  Stake  and  Clip. 

— The  Plaskynaston  Tube  Company  have  sent  us  an 
iron  stake  that  is  at  once  simple,  efficient,  and 
durable  ;  and  it  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  tying 
with  string  or  grass.  The  stake  consists  of  an  iron 
tube,  sharpened  at  one  end,  for  driving  int3  the 
ground  ;  at  the  other  end  it  is  cut  off  square,  and  a 
slot  ^-inch  deep  is  cut  out  on  one  side,  into  which  the 
clip  is  slipped.  It  is  ingenious,  and  will  find  buyers 
amongst  those growersof  Roses,  Raspberries, and  trees, 
who  want  a  neat  and  durable  stake,  and  who  do  not 
oHject  to  the  cost,  which  is  not  much  in  excess  of 
woiked  wooden  stakes. 

Peat. — There   is  often   found  such  a  great 

difticulty  in  towns,  and  indeed  in  many  counlry 
places,  in  obtaining  the  various  kinds  of  peat  suit- 
able for  Orchids,  hard  wood  plants,  and  Ferns,  that 
we  are  glad  to  have  received  for  inspection  peat 
samples  from  Mr.  II.  G.  Smitii,  of  21,  Goldsmith 
S  reet,  Drury  Line,  which  appear  likely  to  fulfil  all 
the  requirements  of  gardeners. 

Streptosoien  Jamesoni.— This  is  one  of 

those  plants  concerning  which  botanists  have  differed 
not  only  as  to  the  proper  genus  in  which  to  place  it, 
but  also  as  to  the  natural  order.  At  all  events,  the 
Browallias,  the  nearest  allies  of  this  plant,  were  for- 
merly classified  amongst  the  Scrophularinece,  like 
m:\ny  other  irregular  flowered  SoIanace?e.  Moreover, 
the  the  shrubby  habit  of  this,  the  only  species,  would 
stand  in  the  same  relation  to  that  of  the  Browallias  as 
Diplacus  does  to  Mimulus,  and  the  twisted  corolla 
lube  recalls  that  of  Lycop;is,  as  contraited  with 
Anchusa  proper.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  plant  in  the 
Bdanical  Magazine,  t.  4605.  under  the  nime  of 
Browallia,  and  a  more  recent  one  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Chronicle^  vol.  xxi.,  n.s.,  p.  797,  fig.  147.  A  flower- 
ing specimen  in  the  Heath-huuse  at  Kew  shows  a 
bubhy,  branching  shrub,  wiih  comparatively  large 
deep  orange  flowers,  handsome  enough  to  merit  a 
more  extended  culiivalion.  The  leaves  are  small, 
and  the  plant,  although  stated  to  attain  a  height  of 
4  feet,  will  flower  freely  in  a  much  smaller  state,  as 
that  in  the  Healh-house  does  not  exceed  15  or  iS 
inches.  Although  introduced  in  1S50,  the  plant  has 
been  recently  reintroduced,  after  being  lost  to  culti- 
vation for  a  great  many  years. 

Royal   Visit    to   Aldershot.  —  Mr.    J. 

Clakke,  curseryman  of  Farnham,  had  the  honour  to 
supply  the  whole  of  the  plants  and  table  decorations 
for  the  luncheon  on  the  occasion  of  the  royal  visit-to 
Aldershot,  July  2. 

PunLiCATiONS  Received. —Cij/./c-w  Feather 

London :  Society  for  the  Promotion  cf  Christian 
Knowledge,  3.  Northumberland  Avenue,  Charing 
Cross.— AV^j  on  Flora  of  Flat  Island.  By  J.  IIORNK 
(Mauritius).  —  Weeds  mentioned  in  the  Wisconsin 
iVeed  Law  of  1884  5,  and  several  Oilier  Weeds. 
By  A.  B.Seymour.  —  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Part  I.  (Philadel- 
phia :  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Logan  Square). 
—  Caracterisliqiies  dc  la  tige  dcs  Poroxylons  {Gymno* 
spenncs  Fos sites  (leTepoqite  Houillcre).  By  Messr?.  C. 
E  Bertrand  and  B.  Renault. — Annual  Refoi i  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  the  Year  1S84.  (Wash- 
ington :  Government  Printing  Office.) 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.  Walter 

Tedder,  of  the  Frame  Ground,  Kensington  Palace 
Gardens,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  \V.  Johnson, 
Esq.,  Tbe  Birches,  Mitcham, — Mr.  Rohert  Ellis, 
late  Foreman  to  the  Earl  of  Lovelace,  East  Ilorsley 
Towers,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Sir 
Edward  Moon,  Bait,,  Fetchara  Rectory,  Surrey. 


jHoME     fJor^FjEgPONDENCJE. 


Strawberry  Plants  for  Forcing.— The  time  is 
fast  approaching  when  we  shall  be  very  busy  pre- 
paring our  Strawberry  plants  for  next  year's  forcing. 
We  force  here  several  thousand  plants  annually,  and 
I  wish  to  mention  a  plan  which  I  have  adopted  for 
several  years  with  good  results.  A  few  weeks  before 
the  runners  are  ready  to  handle  we  collect  some  good 
fibrous  loamy  turf,  place  it  i.i  heat,  and  then  cover  it 
with  sufficient  hilf-rotteii  f.^rmyard  manure  packed 
tightly  together  lo  set  up  a  sli;;ht  fermentation  through 
the  whole  heap,  with  the  oliject  of  destroying  insects 
and  seeds  of  weeds  contained  in  the  turf;  this  will 
also  render  the  soil  in  better  condition  fur  the 
runners  to  root  into.  As  soon  as  the  runners 
are  ready  we  cut  the  turf  into  pieces  a  few 
inches  square,  and  carry  it  in  boxes  to  the  Straw- 
berry beds,  and  upon  it  peg  the  runners  tightly, 
finally  sprinkling  over  with  short  lawn-grass. 
Great  care  should  then  be  taken  to  see  that  the 
plants  are  thoroughly  watered.  In  a  very  short  time 
rooting  will  take  place,  and  the  turves  must  then  be 
removed  before  the  plants  root  through  into  the  soil 
beneath,  and  be  potted  at  once  into  4S's  or  32's, 
as  may  be  desired.  We  pot  our  earliest  into  4S's, 
and  the  rest  ioto  32's,  using  good  fibroua  loam  and 
rotten  stable-manure.  This  plan  appears  to  have 
several  advantages  over  the  system  of  pegging  the 
runners  at  first  into  small  pots,  in  that  it  is  more 
economical  as  regards  labour.  The  turves  do  not  dry 
so  readily  as  pots,  being  on  the  ground  and  sheltered 
by  the  parent  plants,  and  hy  the  thort  grass  which  is 
sprinkled  over  them.  This  is  a  great  point,  because 
hot  and  drying  influences  may  naturally  be  expected 
during  the  month  of  July,  and  plants  in  pots  often 
suffer  very  much  at  that  time  from  these  causes. 
The  plant  has  the  advantage  of  being  less  expensive 
than  pot  layering.  As  our  potting  loam  is  deficient 
in  calcareous  matter  we  top-dress  the  pot  with  lime 
during  the  month  of  September.  Before  tbe  winter 
sets  in  all  the  plants  are  top-dressed  with  a  mixture 
of  loam  and  manure  from  the  fowl-house,  and  those 
which  are  required  for  earliest  forcing  are  removed 
for  shelter  from  the  weather  under  the  protection  of  a 
glass  covering,  the  remainder  are  packed  in  leaves  in 
an  open  exposed  position  on  a  quarter  in  the  kitchen 
garden,  and  brought  in  as  required.  The  sorts  we 
use  for  the  earliest  forcing  are  Black  Prince  (small  but 
good  and  very  early),  followed  by  Vicomtes^e  Heri- 
cart  de  Thury,  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  Keens'  Seedling, 
and  President.  Alfred  Gant^  The  Gardens,  Porters^ 
She  nicy. 

Observations  on  Devonshire  Gardens. — The 
most  striking  object  in  the  garden  at  present  is  the 
Buddleia  globosa,  planted  at  the  back  of  the  shrubbery, 
with  Escallonia  macrantha  in  front  of  it.  The  rich 
orange  balls  of  the  Bjddleii,  set  off  by  the  glossy 
green  foliage  and  deep  red  (lowers  of  the  Escallonia, 
form  a  beautiful  combination.  Escallonia  Ingram!  mixed 
with  Pittosporum  Mayii  forms  another  fine  ombina- 
tion.  Choisya  lernata  is  peifectly  hardy  here,  and 
has  passed  through  the  late  severe  winter,  in  an  open 
border,  with  the  thermometer  more  than  once  as  low  as 
20°  Fahr.,  without  the  slightest  injury.  It  has  bloomed 
sparingly  this  year,  but  has  made  very  vigorous 
growth,  and  is  one  of  the  prettiest  evergreen  shrubs  in 
the  garden.  The  herbaceous  borders  are  now  in  their 
prime,  with  a  gorgeous  display  of  Peonies  of  all 
shades,  from  pure  white  to  dazzling  crimson  ;  oriental 
Poppies,  Delphiniums,  and  last,  not  least,  doub'e 
Pyrethrums.  The  latter  are  of  great  value  both  for 
profusion  of  flowers  and  for  keeping  a  long  lime  when 
cut.  Carduus  heterophyilus  might  be  added  to  the 
list,  wi;h  its  abundance  of  hright  purple  flowers,  but 
it  spreads  rapidly,  and  requires  to  be  kept  within 
bounds.   G.  H.  White,  St.  Mary  Church,  Devon. 

Imantophyllum  or  Hymantophyllum  ?  — As 
lh2  H  was  dropped  in  accordance  with  a  law  of 
Niture,  why  endeavour  to  revive  an  unnecessary  and 
useless  limb  ?  Throughout  Nature  we  find  that  parts 
which  have  ceased  to  be  of  any  use  are  dropped  by 
degrees,  until  their  former  existence  can  only  be  made 
known  by  dissection.  All  the  languages  derived 
from  the  Arabic  and  Sanskrit  appear  to  be  much 
simpler  than  their  parents,  so  are  those  derived  from 
the  Latin.  The  multiplication  of  new  words  in  the 
arts  and  sciences  calls  for  urgent  simplification  of 
terms,  and  not  a  reversion  to  parents,  which  are  more 
difficult  to  pronounce  and  to  write.  Imantophyllum 
lost  its  H  by  disuse.  Hindostan  and  Hindoo  have 
their  H's  aspirated,  but  no  one  ever  attempts  to  write  or 
pronounce  Indo-European  or  Indo-Chinese  with  an  H. 
Although  the  dropping  of  all  unpronounced  letters 
in  a  printed  book,  would  give  the  brain  a  shock,  as  in 
many  instances  it  would  not  catch  their  meaning  as 
readily  and  quickly  as  it  could  read,  there  are  signs 
of  a  desire,  originating  in  a  need,  of  dropping  a  useless 
letter  in  many  words,  which  occur  in  American  pub- 
lications.    I  well  remember  tbe  tioae  when  "favor" 


and  "  labor  "  and  others  were  written  with  a  u  ;  now, 
probably,  many  would  consider  it  a  nuisance  to  have 
lo  reintroduce  it.  Similarly,  there  are  many  words  of 
old  English,  which  would  startle  us  by  reappearing 
to-day  in  their  old  garb.  There  is  another  point  upon 
which  botanists  might  help  to  ease  the  brainwork. 
When  I  was  at  the  Hagkala  Garden  in  Ceylon  I  saw 
the  Mountain  Papaw.  I  asked  for  some  of  its  seeds. 
The  superintendent  of  the  garden  being  a  practical 
man,  on  the  seed  packet  wrote,  if  1  remember 
rightly,  something  like  Carica  kundrimarensis 
[cundinamarcensis,  from  the  town  of  Cundinamarca]. 
Dr.  Trimen,  before  handing  me  the  packer, 
saw  it  was  not  correctly  spelt,  and  began  to  rewrite 
it,  but  had  to  stop  in  the  middle  of  the  specific  desig- 
nation for  a  few  seconds  to  remember  the  right  way 
of  writing  this  six-syllabled  word.  Whenever  I  have 
to  write  this  word  I  am  never  sure  that  I  have  hit  it 
off,  and  only  hope,  as  in  this  instance,  that  it  may  be 
all  right.  When  I  have  had  to  pronounce  this  brain 
fatiguing  word  I  have  had  to  whisper  it  to  myself 
first,  and  count  with  my  fingers  whether  I  had  hit  ofi 
the  right  number  of  syllables.  In  this  case  more 
especially  there  was  no  excuse  for  the  invention  of 
so  terrible  a  specific  name.  Who  is  there  that  knows 
or  perhaps  cares  where  this  unpronounceatile  place 
is?  It  might  be  in  Central  Africa,  in  Siberia,  or 
in  Patagonia  :  few  would  care  to  inquire.  But  to 
the  person  who  had  to  pronounce  and  write  it,  it 
would  be  a  relief  to  have  to  speak  and  write  a  less 
fatiguing  word.  As  this  is  called  Mountain  Papaw, 
Canca  montana  would  not  only  have  been  more 
appropriate,  but  would  have  indicated  that  it  is  a 
species  01  variety  peculiar  to  mountain  climates,  and 
probably,  as  I  have  found,  will  not  live  in  the  plains  ; 
while  the  oiher  term  is  simply  a  puzzle.  There  is  a 
fine  and  troublesome  word  which  has  lately  appeared 
in  print,  in  connection  with  Greek  troubles.  If  the 
Greek  Minister  in  question  should  ever  discover  a 
new  plant  in  the  home  of  this  Papaw,  he  might  like 
to  name  it  Papamichaelo-paulosia  kundinamarcensis. 
All  derivations  of  words  to  the  student  of  verbal 
evolution  are  very  interesting,  but  they  might  be  left 
to  antiquarians  and  dictionaries  of  derivaiions.  To 
remodel  words  which  have  been  simplified  by  a 
natural  process  of  elimination  is  of  doubif^ul  advantage 
to  any  nineteelh  century  brain,  filled,  as  it  is,  like  the 
*'piu  non  posso "  abdomen  of  the  queen  of  the 
termites.    E.  Bonavla,  M.D.,  May  29, 

Pansies  as  Exhibition  Flowers. — Such  a  large 
number  of  these,  and  also  of  Violas,  were  shown  at 
the   great  Whilsun  exhit-ition   at   Old    Trafford,    that 
there  seems  something   like  a  revival  of  the   Pansy  as 
a   show    flower.       At  Manchester   both  Pansies  and 
Violas    m    pots    are    "made    up"   specimens;    the 
schedule  of  prizes  requires  they  should   be  shown  in 
pots   8   inches   in   diameter,   and    in  order   to   have 
exhibition  specimens  of  this  kind  made-up  plants  are 
necessary.     The  method  adopted   appears   to  be  to 
take    six  or   eight    nice    young    plants   raised    from 
autumn   struck    cuttings   that   are    showing    flower; 
these   are  put  into  pots   previous   to  the  show,  and 
brought    on    nicely   into   bloom,    the    result    being — 
when  they  are  well   managed — that  the  plants   have 
filled  out  their  foliage,  and  look    like  one  specimen, 
even  in  height,  the   heads  of  flowers  erect  and  well 
above  the  foliage,  and  facing  one  way.  The  average  is 
9  or  10  to  15  or  16  blooms,  and    fine   blooms,   too  ; 
and  when  three  or  four  collections  of  twenty  pots 
each   are   shown,    and    all   in    good   condition,    the 
effect     presented     by  the    mass    of    bloom    is  very 
fine.      A    few    nice    little     Ferns    or    table    plants 
between     the    collections     is   wanted     to    make     a 
dividing    line,  and    break  up   the   uniformity  other- 
wise   presented.      Mr.     Findlay    finds    it    necessary 
to    state    in    his     schedule    that     the    plants   must 
be    rooted,   merely   blooming    shoots   without    roots 
having   been    employed    in    previous    years.      As    a 
matter  of  course,  plants  of  one  variety  only  are  placed 
in  a  pot,  and  so  there  is  none  of  that  unevenness  wit- 
nessed in  the  case  of  the  Pansy  as  one  may  see  in  some 
of  the   made-up  Orchids — several  varieties  of  Odon- 
toglossura  A!exandr?e  of  various  sizes  and   different 
markings,   and  Caltleya  Mossice  made  up   of  forms 
differing  widely  in  the  character  and  colouring  of  the 
lip.     It  may  be  stated,  in  regard  to  these  made-up 
Pansies,  that  a  good  deal  depends  upon  how  the  work 
is  executed.     Some  are  so  well  done  as  to  look  like  a 
large  single  plant  with  many  shoots  pegged  out  in  a 
shapely  and  perfect  manner.     One  thing  Mr.  Findlay 
should  do— he  has  two  classes  for  twenty  pots  of  Pan- 
sies ;  one  class  simply  states  Pansies,  the  other  fancy 
Pansies.     At    the   recent    show   at    Manchester   one 
exhibitor  put  up  only  show  Pansies,  so  called — yellow 
grounds,  cream  and  white  grounds,  and  selfs  ;   but  all 
the  others  had  a  considerable  admixture  of  fancy  and 
bedding   Pansies.     Mr.  Findlay  should    require  show 
Pansies   only   in   the  former   class.      The    Rev    Mr, 
D'OiTibrain  assisted  me  to  make  the  awards  in  these 
classes;    and     we    held    the   opinion    that    as    there 
was   a   class    for    fancy    Pansies,    the    obvious    in- 
tention  of  the   framer    of    the   schedule    was,    that 
the  former  class  should  be  show  Pansies  only.     In 


52 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


fJULV  10,    1886. 


point  of  size  of  bloom,  as  also  of  richness  of  colouring, 
it  is  impossible  that  the  show  Pansies  can  compete 
with  the  fancy  varieties,  but  they  require  greater  skill 
to  have  them  in  good  character.  I  trust  that  Mr. 
Findiay  will  adopt  this  suggestion,  or  the  danger  is 
that  the  show  Pansy  will  be  quite  crowded  out  by  the 
fancy  varieties.  I  have  before  me  the  schedule  of 
prizes  of  the  Norton  Pansy  Club,  the  exhibition  of 
which  look  place  on  June  19.  It  is  an  entirely  new 
organisation,  and  the  schedule  contains  sixty-five 
classes.  If  the  competition  was  as  keen  as  at  Man- 
chester, the  judges  must  have  had  a  busy  time  of  it. 
One  regulation  is  worthy  of  notice — it  sets  forth  that 
"  any  stand  of  Pansies  containing  show  blooms  under 
14  inch  in  diameter,  or  fancy  ^blooms  under  \\  inch 
in  diameter,  will  be  disqualified."  This  is  done  to 
ensure  the  presence  of  good-sized  flowers,  but  one  can 
understand  what  an  onerous  duty  would  be  put  upon 
the  judges  if  they  had  to  measure  many  blooms 
apparently  undersized.  The  beautiful  fancy  Pansies 
are  now  to  be  seen  in  almost  every  garden  ;  but  the 
show  varieties  have  their  claims  upon  growers  also, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  they  will  not  be  suffered  to  fall 
away  from  cultivation  through  neglect.  K.  D. 

Strawberry  The  Captain.  —  When  we  get 
any  fruit  or  vegetable  that  is  extra  early  or  late 
it  is  a  great  acquisition  to  our  list  of  good  things. 
A  few  years  ago  we  had  an  extra  late  and  extra 
good  Strawberry  in  Loxford  Hall,  now  we  have 
got  two  extra  early  in  King  of  the  Earlies  and 
The  Captain.  I  gathered  the  first  of  the  former  in 
the  open  ground  on  June  15,  and  the  first  of  the 
latter  on  June  19,  the  quality  and  appearance  of  both 
of  them  being  all  that  need  be  desired.  The  Captain 
is  of  an  immense  size.  In  my  first  batch  of  forced 
plants  the  King  was  not  very  satisfactory,  in  the 
second  batch  they  were  good  in  size  and  flavour,  but 
the  crop  was  not  very  good.  I  shall  certainly  give 
both  kinds  another  trial  as  an  early  forcer,  for  being 
a  week  in  advance  of  any  other  they  are  great  acqui- 
sitions for  very  early  forcing.   D,  IValker. 

Abies  Pindrow. — It  may  not  be  generally  known 
that  two  distinct  kinds  of  leaves  occur  on  the  above 
tree — 1st,  those,  generally  on  young  trees,  which  are 
thickly  and  regularly  disposed  on  the  branches,  one 
inch  long  on  the  underside,  by  half  that  on  the  upper  : 
some  bifid,  and  with  two  rather  indistinct  silvery  lines 
beneath  ;  2d,  those  in  adult  trees,  where  the  leaves  are 
2  inches  to  2\  inches  long,  usually  bifid,  and  arranged 
in  two  rows  horizontally.  No.  i,  to  which  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker  refers,  was  that  figured  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  but  I  have  sent  to  the  Editor  branches 
from  the  very  tree  that  the  cones  figured  were 
taken,  in  which  both  kinds  of  foliage  are  dis- 
tinctly revealed.  The  true  Pindrow  is  here  perfectly 
distinct  at  all  stages  of  development  from  A.  Web- 
biana.  A.  D,  Webster, 

I  send  inclosed  a  branch  of  a  handsome  speci- 
men of  this  variety  that  we  have  growing  in  the  pinetum 
here,  and  which  I  think  you  will  agree  with  me  is 
quite  in  accord  with  Sir  J.  Hooker's  description  of  it  in 
your  last  week's  issue,  and  which  I  believe  to  be  cor- 
rectly named.  There  are  a  good  many  trees  planted 
here,  indifferent  positions,  but  this  is  the  only  one  that 
has  made  a  good  specimen.  This  is  planted  on  high 
ground,  and  it  is  also  very  much  protected  by  other 
trees,  and  so  escapes  the  spring  frosts.  It  is  from 
30  to  40  feet  high,  and  well  furnished  with  branches 
to  the  ground  ;  the  others  of  this  variety  are  contin- 
ually losing  their  leaders,  and  so  have  a  stunted 
appeance.  I  also  send  a  specimen  of  Abies  Webbiana 
as  grown  here.  Edward  Ward,  Hcwell  Gardens, 
Bromsgrove.  [The  specimen  sent  is  from  a  sterile 
branch  ;  the  one  figured  was  from  a  fertile  branch,  as 
mentioned  in  Mr.  Webster's  letter.  Ed.]. 

Names  of  Fruits.— It  must  be  puzzling  to  many 
who  receive  the  catalogues  of  nurserymen,  and  other 
lists  of  fruits,  to  observe  how  varied  the  descriptions 
and  names  of  the  fruits  are.  It  is  not  of  minor  im- 
portance to  purchase  fruit  trees  and  wait  patiently 
perhaps  for  several  seasons,  and  then  to  find  the 
fruits  quite  different  to  what  one  desired  or  expected. 
It  is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  tantalising.  In  the  case  of 
synonyms  it  seems  difficult  to  conceive  how  some 
critics  class  fruits,  and  arrange  their  identity.  It 
would  appear  to  me,  that  they  must  not  have  seen 
the  kind  in  its  true  character,  or  probably,  they  have 
not  met  with  it  at  all.  For  example,  take  Ham- 
burgh Grapes  :  they  are  changed  in  the  descriptive 
lists  very  materially  from  what  one  was  accustomed  to 
observe  in  years  gone  by.  I  have  old  catalogues 
before  me  which  I  am  inclined  to  trust,  because  I 
know  the  fruits  were  proved  on  the  vendor's  premises. 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Ftankenthal  are  described  in 
one  list  as  the  same  kind,  in  another  description  they 
are  said  to  be  quite  distinct ;  Victoria  Hamburgh  is 
described  as  Dutch  Hamburgh,  while  we  read  else- 
where as  to  the  complete  distinction  of  these  kinds. 
The  Victoria  is  represented  as  a  superior  sort,  while 
the  Dutch  is  described  as  coarse  and  third-rate.  What 
I  have  (from  my  earliest  recollections)  supposed  to  be 


Victoria  Hamburgh,  is  one  of  the  coarsest  and  least 
palatable  Grapes  I  know,  and  I  have  seen  it  awarded 
Ist  prizes  when  the  fruit  was  quite  unfit  for 
the  most  plebeian  dessert.  I  have  always  known 
the  old  Black  Hamburgh,  Esperione  and  Cham- 
pion Hamburgh  as  being  first-rate  kinds  and 
distinct  in  foliage,  form  of  berry  and  flavour ; 
but  Hamburgh's,  under  certain  conditions,  change 
their  character  very  much.  I  have  seen  Esperione 
smooth  and  round  one  season,  and  quite  hammered, 
like  Victorias,  the  next  (in  the  same  vinery  and  on  the 
same  Vines,  too).  Some  preparations  of  liquid-manure 
are  said  to  have  a  strong  tendency  to  cause  the 
hammered-looking  surface,  Abercairney  Seedling  I 
noticed  is  confounded  with  West's  St.  Peter's.  The 
samples  which  I  had  from  Mr.  Brown,  the  successful 
gardener  at  Abercairney,  were  more  unlike  the  true 
West's  St.  Peter's  than  any  other  black  Grape  with 
which  I  am  acquainted.  'The  berries  of  this  Perth- 
shire-raised Grape  are  more  like  Black  Alicante  than 
any  kind  I  know  of.  Some  fruit  of  this  kind,  which 
I  had  from  another  source,  having  been  received 
from  Abercairney  many  years  ago,  probably  during 
the  time  the  late  excellent  gardener,  Mr.  Arnott 
(the  raiser),  had  charge  of  Abercairney  Gardens,  and 
seemed  much  like  the  fruit  I  received  from  Mr. 
Brown  two  years  ago ;  flavour,  perhaps,  less  sugary. 
The  names  and  descriptions  of  Muscats  are  perplexing 
in  some  catalogues.  We  know  three  kinds  of  Muscats 
as  being  quite  distinct : — Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
Canon  Hall,  and  Bowood,  I  notice  one  authority 
describing  the  Canon  Hall  as  having  "belter  set 
bunches."  I  would  go  a  long  distance  to  see  better 
set  bunches  of  this  kind — as  it  is  rarely  met  with 
more  than  half  set — but  sometimes  seen  in  prime 
condition,  and  is  really  a  sight  worthy  of  record. 
Bowood  Muscat,  I  notice,  is  described  as  being  the 
same  kind  as  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Our  experi- 
ence is,  that  it  sets  as  freely  as  a  Hamburgh. 
The  berries  are  larger,  earlier,  and  of  deeper  colour 
than  the  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  I  thought  when  I 
first  saw  this  kind  o(  Bowood  (I  was  then  an  under- 
ling in  that  part  of  Wilts)  that  it  was  a  most  valuable 
acquisition,  and  I  think  so  still.  It  is  seldom  that  it 
can  be  purchased  true,  but  when  it  is  obtained,  and  the 
bunches  and  berries  in  good  condition,  will  be  found 
to  resemble  very  strongly  the  plate  issued  in  the 
Pomologist  many  years  ago.  I  have  had  it  in  my 
charge  in  several  vineries,  but  more  than  once  tried  to 
buy  it,  and  received  Muscat  of  Alexadria  instead. 
It  is  properly  described  in  a  catalogue  of  Mr.  Rivers' 
dated  1877.  I  once  had  the  strongest  reasons  to 
value  its  free  setting  qualities  and  other  good  charac- 
teristics. At  Impney  Park,  Worcestershire  (a  place 
where  I  was  entrusted  to  form  a  new  park,  gardens, 
&c.,  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  M'Cormack),  the 
Vines  were  ordered  before  my  arrival  on  the  ground, 
and  I  was  pleased  to  find  in  a  choice  selection  Bowood 
Muscat,  and  it  proved  to  be  the  kind  which  I  had 
longed  in  vain  for  years  to  see.  The  canes  were 
planted,  but  shortly  afterwards  I  was  instructed  to 
fruit  the  young  and  newly  planted  Vines  to  give  a 
supply  the  first  year,  and  the  Vines  intended  to  be  the 
permanent  stock  were  made  *' supernumeraries,"  and 
went  through  a  severe  ordeal,  the  Bowood  Muscat 
standing  the  severe  treatment  among  the  best.  In 
1881  a  notice  of  these  gardens,  Grapes  and  their 
excellence,  was  given  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
October  I,  p.  427,  and  the  Bowood  Muscat  was  then 
conspicuous  and  noticeable  to  the  most  casual  ob- 
server, the  large  yellow  berries  being  very  prominent 
alongside  of  fine  Muscats  of  Alexandria.  The 
descriptions  given  by  vendors  of  fruits  in  their  listsjare 
far  from  being  reliable,  and  many  are  at  variance 
with  each  other  in  their  opinion.  M.  Temple,  Carron 
House, 


A  Novel  Plant  House.— Mr.  J.  Goddard,  of 
Fulham,  the  inventor  of  the  useful  patent  adjustable 
"  clip,"  designed  to  hold  together  two  or  more  pieces 
of  glass,  slates,  or  other  suitable  material  to  form  a 
protection  from  sun,  wind,  &c.,  and  therefore  very 
useful  in  the  striking  of  cuttings  and  a  thousand  other 
ways  amongst  lights  and  so  on,  has  designed  what 
may  not  be  inappropriately  termed  a  novel  and  useful 
plant  house,  inasmuch  as  it  will  meet  the  wants  of  a 
large  class.  There  are  thousands  of  houses  with  low 
garden  walls  from  4  feet  to  5  feet  high,  the  occupiers 
of  which  would  like  to  have  the  means  of  growing  or 
preserving  flowers  or  plants  without  going  to  the  ex- 
pense of  raising  the  wall,  and  who  object  to  plant 
frames.  The  house  in  question  is  specially  adapted 
for  such  garden  walls.  It  is  made  from  4  feet 
to  6  feet  high,  about  5  feet  wide,  and  a  little  over 
2  feet  from  front  to  back  ;  the  roof  is  made  to  take  off, 
so  that  it  can  be  used  as  a  hand-light  in  the  garden  or 
on  a  frame.  The  glass  is  very  readily  removed  or  re- 
placed being  held  in  position  by  the  "clips."  No 
door  is  required,  as  any  square  of  glass  in  the  front  or 
ends  can  be  taken  out  to  get  at  the  contents  of  the 
house,  and  replaced  again  in  one  minute,  as  it  is  held 
by  a  screw  knob  and  a  clip.  If  the  house  is  sent  a 
distance,  the  packing  case  is  made  to  be  utilised  as  a 
frame  for  the  roof  of  the  house,  so  that  the  packing- 


case  in  this  instance  does  not  meet  with  the  fate  in 
store  for  packing-cases  generally,  which  are  stowed 
away,  and  become  eyesores  and  nuisances.  B, 

Araucarias  Coning. — Many  of  your  readers  will 
doubtless  remember  a  fine  Araucaria  on  my  lawn. 
It  is  now  about  45  feet  high,  and  is  probably  one  of 
the  most  perfect  specimens  in  the  kingdom.  Last 
year,  for  the  first  time,  it  bore  a  profusion  of  male 
cones  on  the  upper  branches,  and  this  year  it  has 
borne  a  further  quantity,  but  only  on  the  south  side, 
and  in  bunches  of  two,  three,  and  four  on  the  upper 
terminal  boughs.  On  the  morning  of  the  4th  ult.  a 
singular  circumstance  occurred  which  is  worth  report 
ing.  My  attention  was  called  to  "smoke"  issuing 
from  the  cones.  Upon  looking  up  I  saw  the  cones 
were  discharging  pollen  in  a  regular  systematic 
manner,  and  so  profuse  as  to  resemble  a  good  puff  of 
smoke  from  a  cigar  or  pipe.  The  display  continued 
nearly  the  whole  day  at  intervals  of  about  a  minute, 
and  was  watched  with  considerable  interest  by  a  suc- 
cession of  visitors.  The  weather  was  warm  and 
bright,  with  little  or  no  wind,  and  so  was  the  next 
day,  but  no  further  display  took  place.  After  each 
puff  of  pollen  it  disappeared  like  smoke,  and  was 
doubtless  wafted  to  immense  distances.  The  cones 
before  discharging  the  pollen  appeared  of  an  incon- 
spicuous green  colour,  and  after  a  very  conspicuous 
brown.  I  enclose  a  sample  for  your  inspection,  and 
please  note  their  curious  formation.  The  four  formed 
one  bunch.    W.  H,  Rogers,  Southampton, 

Astrantia  maxima.— So  far  as  my  knowledge 
goes  this  appears  to  be  a  very  rare  plant  in  our  gar- 
dens, and  I  am  not  aware  of  any  nurseryman's  cata- 
logue of  hardy  plants  in  which  it  occurs  for  sale. 
The  Astrantias  seem  to  be  altogether  overlooked,  or 
passed  over  as  worthless,  but  I  consider  them  both 
beautiful  and  interesting  plants,  if  a  suitable  situation 
can  be  found  for  them  in  a  shady  place  or  in  a  wood- 
land walk.  The  ordinary  Astrantia  major  has  green 
flowers,  and  is  not  a  striking  plant,  but  A.  maxima 
has  pinkish  flowers  and  a  deep  purple  centre,  and  is 
certainly  a  beautiful  plant  either  for  the  border  or  the 
wild  garden.  I  send  herewith  flowers  of  both  these 
varieties  for  your  opinion  [we  concur].  My  stock  of 
each  of  them  came  originally  from  the  wreck  of  the 
Longford  Bridge  Garden,  where  a  grand  collection  of 
hardy  plants  was  got  together  by  the  late  Edward 
Leeds.  Astrantia  maxima  is  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  No.  1553,  in  the  year  1813.  It  appears  to 
have  been  named  A,  maxima,  by  Pallas,  in  1790,  and 
was  grown  by  the  Loddiges  from  seeds  sent  from  the 
Caucasus.  It  occurs  in  Aiton's  Hortus  Kewensis  as 
A.  helleborifolia,  a  name  which  had  be  engiven  to  it 
by  Salisbury,  in  his  Paradisus  Londinensis  ;  but  the 
proper  name  is  A.  maxima,  the  English  name  the 
Hellebore-leaved  Astrantia.  All  collectors  of  hardy 
plants  should  endeavour  to  obtain  this  plant,  as  its 
rosy  coloured  flowers  are  very  pretty,  and  it  is  most 
useful  for  floral  decoration,  the  tall  sprays  lasting 
many  days  in  water.  Wm,  Brockbank,  Brockhurst, 
Didsbury. 

Double  Chinese  Pseonies. — The  wonderful 
beauty  of  both  colour  and  form  to  be  found  in  this 
group  of  late  flowering  Pseonies  may  make  a  few 
notes  of  use  as  to  some  of  the  many  kinds  worth 
growing.  Mr.  Walker  of  Whitton,  has  made  a  care- 
ful selection  of  them,  both  from  home  and  foreign 
collections.  He  finds  the  confusion  amongst  their 
names  equals  that  amongst  Narcissi.  If  some  "central 
authority,"  such  as  the  Narcissus  Committee,  would 
take  them  in  hand,  it  would  save  many  a  disappoint- 
ment to  the  growers  of  these  fine  flowers.  At  first 
sight,  the  large  piece  of  ground  devoted  to  them  at 
Whitton  looks  like  a  garden  of  Roses,  from  white  to 
deepest  crimson  in  colour ;  but  without  vicing  with 
the  Queen  of  Flowers,  these  Peonies  have  a  singular 
beauty  of  their  own,  not  less  striking  in  the  half-open 
smaller  blossoms  and  globular  buds  than  in  the  soft 
masses  of  varied  colour  to  be  seen  in  the  large  full- 
blown flower.  The  following  kinds  are  named  from 
Mr.  Walker's  collection.  Perhaps  the  loveliest  of  all 
is  a  semi-double,  blush  while  with  a  centre  of  golden 
stamens,  called  P.  anemoneflora  (but  quite  distinct 
from  an  early  P^eony  also  called  anemoneflora)  ; 
Duchesse  de  Nemours,  white  shading  into  a  canary 
centre  ;  Caroline  Allain,  pale  pink  shading  into  pale 
yellow  ;  Modeste,  blush  with  pale  yellow  centre ; 
Viscomtesse  de  Ballaret,  pink  shading  to  cream  ; 
Princess  Galitzin,  Marie  Jacquin,  blush  ;  Princess 
Nicholas  Ribex,  pink,  outer  petals  with  yellowish- 
white  small  petals  round  the  centre,  which  is  pink  ; 
and  Canary,  creamy-white  shading  to  sulphur  ;  Pro- 
fessor Morren,  shaded  pink  ;  Alice  de  Julvecourt  and 
Pulcherrima,  resembling  the  Rose  .Souvenir  de  la 
Malmaison  in  colour  ;  Auguste  Mielley,  pale  pink  ; 
and  Maxima,  white  with  a  small  patch  of  red  in  the 
centre  (a  beautiful  flower)  ;  P.  Whitleyi  fl.-pl.,  large 
globular  white  with  pale  pink  outer  petals  ;  Louis 
Parmentier,  nearly  white,  a  very  late  kind  ;  Marie 
Lemoine,  a  very  good  white,  also  late  flowering  ;  and 
amongst   darker    shades,    Duchesse   de   Theba  and 


JULV   10,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


53 


Auguste  d'Hour,  dark  crimson  ;  Zoe,  bright  rose, 
full  and  globular  in  form  ;  and  Madame  Munier,  deep 
rose.  Any  or  all  these  Pseonies  would  be  a  valuable 
addition  to  the  beauty  of  every  garden  in  which  they 
are  not  already  grown,   C.  M.  Owen. 

Pentstemons. — In  discussing  the  origin  of  the 
florist's  section  of  the  genus  Pentslemon,  your  usually 
well-informed  correspondent,  J.  Douglas,  seems  for 
once  to  have  gone  very  wide  of  the  mark  (see  vol.  xxv. , 
p.  754).  I  imagined  that  every  horticulturist  of  note 
was  well  aware  that  the  bedding  Pentstemons  of  the  pre- 
sent day  are  lineal  descendants  of  the  P.  Hartwegii, 
Benth.,  introduced  some  forty  years  since,  and  well 
represented  at  t.  3661,  vol.  Ixv.  of  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  under  the  erroneous  name  of  P.  gen- 
tianoides.  The  true  species  of  the  latter  name  having 
been  subsequently  introduced,  the  former  was  re- 
christened  by  the  name  it  now  bears.  Possibly  these 
two  species,  to  neither  of  which  Mr.  Douglas  alludes, 
may  jointly  have  originated  the  present  race  of 
Pentstemons,  employed  with  such  good  effect  as 
bedding  and  border  plants  ;  but  it  is  quite  as 
probable  that  they  are  the  progeny  of  the  P.  Hart- 
wegii alone,  as  a  comparison  of  any  variety  with  the 
coloured  illustration  above  referred  to  will  show  no 
greater  departure  from  the  type  than  can  easily  be 
accounted  for  by  forty  years  of  cultivation  and  selection. 
That  either  P.  speciosus,  or  any  of  the  other  forms  of 
P,  glaber,  have  had  any  share  in  the  production  of  the 
plants  under  discussion  there  is  not  a  tittle  of  evidence 
that  I  am  aware  of,  and  those  who  are  best  acquainted 
with  these  species  will  doubtless  agree  with  me  that  it 
is  very  improbable.  At  the  same  time  I  am  far  from 
refusing  to  believe  in  the  possibility  of  obtaining  a 
hybrid  of  the  P.  Hartwegii  with  one  or  other  of  the 
glaber  section,  but  I  venture  to  hazard  the  opinion 
that  a  successful  cross  would  give  plants  very  distinct 
from  those  at  present  cultivated.  Let  me  add  that 
the  P.  Jaffrayanus  alluded  to  amongst  other  species 
is  certainly  inferior  as  a  garden  plant  to  the  best  forms 
of  P.  heterophyllus,  the  flowers  of  which  are  of  a 
lovely  sky-blue.  It  is  readily  raised  from  seed,  and 
selected  varieties  can,  if  desired,  be  as  easily  increased 
by  cuttings.  With  plants  of  uniform  size  and  strength 
a  most  charming  bed  may  be  arranged  by  any  intel- 
ligent gardener.  Soixante, 

A  Work  on  Colour. — What  a  boon  it  would  be 
to  those  not  "  up  "  in  colours  if  some  authoritative 
book  were  published  descriptive  of  colours.  Such  a 
diversity  is  presented  in  Queen  Flora's  charming 
dominion  1  The  visitor  at  a  flower  show  must  be 
often  puzzled  to  "  hit  off"  exactly  the  colour  of  some 
object  which  is  there  displayed  for  his  admiration. 
For  instance,  take  only  a  flower  which  claimed 
notoriety  at  the  recent  Conference  and  the  day 
which  is  kept  sacred  to  the  memory  ol  an  illus- 
trious statesman — I  refer,  of  course,  to  the 
Primrose.  The  range  of  tints  to  be  found  in 
this  now  popular  flower  i.;,  indeed,  astonishing 
— from  pure  white,  and  the  most  delicate  shades, 
running  to  rich  gold,  orange,  bright  or  deep  red, 
maroon,  crimson,  or  purple.  But  to  return  to  the 
work  in  question.  Supposing  that  some  alphabet  of 
colours  with  their  shades  were  prei  ired,  what  a  source 
of  satisfaction  it  would  be  to  tho.e  in  search  of  such 
information— useful,  too,  to  reporters  of  the  horticul- 
tural Press,  who  must  be  often  at  their  wits'  end  to 
adequately  describe  the  subjects  continually  coming 
under  their  notice — one  representative  of  the  fourth 
estate  giving  it  as  one,  and  his  companion  of  the  pen 
another  colour.  No  two  people  agree  in  this  matter. 
To  instance  what  we  mean— supposing  blue,  with  its 
various  shades  (to  take  a  common  example)  is  the 
colour  in  question,  for  which  reference  would  be  made 
in  the  book,  under  B  would  be  found  an  illustration 
of  the  colour,  with  description  of  it  and  its  shades. 
We  throw  out  these  very  crude  ideas  for  what  they 
may  be  worth,  and  if  any  one  learned  in  colour  can 
be  induced  to  take  this  important  matter  up  these 
rambling  remarks  will  not  have  been  written  in 
vain.  B. 

A  Fine  Begonia.— Now  that  the  tuberous-rooted 
Begonias  are  popular  in  gardens  it  might  be  interest- 
ing and  encouraging  to  growers  to  place  on  record 
the  successes  of  Mr.  Mitchell,  the  gardener  at  Tehidy 
Park,  Camborne,  Cornwall.  Some  eight  years  ago 
he  added  to  his  fine  collection  a  plant  of  that  good 
single  flowered  variety,  Madame  Oscar  Lamarche, 
and  he  has  grown  and  preserved  the  same  tuber  ever 
since.  The  result  is  that  be  has  the  finest  specimen 
that  has  ever  come  under  my  notice,  and  just  now  it 
is  the  pink  of  perfection— a  mass  of  glowing 
orange-red  flowers— so  clustered  are  they  on  every 
side  that  the  handsome  foliage  is  almost  hidden  from 
view.  This  extraordinary  individual  is  growing  in  a 
20-inch  pot,  and  the  tuber  is  over  15  inches  in 
diameter,  whilst  the  height  of  the  plant  from  the 
top  of  the  pot  ranges  from  3  to  4  feet,  and  it 
is  quite  5  feet  wide.  IV.  Napper,  Alphington  Cross, 
July  I. 


Cucumbers  Diseased  (pp.  768,  797,  vol.  xxv.). — 
The  case  of  young  Cucumbers  dying  from  the  tips 
downwards  is  probably  familiar  to  too  many  gar- 
deners. The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  12) 
taken  from  examples  of  the  dying  ends  of  Cucumbers 
observed  by  me  at  different  times,  probably  shows  the 
ailment  referred  to.  The  plants  may  possibly  have 
been  thrown  out  of  health  by  treatment  similar  to 
that  mentioned  by  "  C.  D."  However  this  may  be, 
the  dying  ends  of  the  diseased  Cucumbers  swarm  with 
fungus  threads  and  colourless  fungus  spores.  The 
spores  are  shown  enlarged  400  diameters  in  the 
middle  of  the  illustration.  I  take  the  bodies  illus- 
trated to  be  the  buds  or  spores  of  GlKosporium 
Iffiticolor  (illustrated  on  p.  796),  or  a  closely 
allied  species  which  grows  in  and  on  Melons, 
Gourds,  and  Cucumbers.  As  the  ends  of  the 
Cucumbers  soften  and  decay  a  white  mould  often 
covers  the  perished  end  ;  this  mould  does  not  belong 
to  GlKosporium,  buti  is  Polyactis  vulgaris,  illustrated 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  February  8,  1S86.  It 
seems  probable  that  the  conditions  mentioned  by 
"  C.  D.,"  p.  797,  may  encourage  the  growth  of  these 
fungi.  The  spores,  of  course,  when  living  under 
favourable  conditions  are  able  to  continue  the  disease, 
and  they  no  doubt  often  swarm  in  Cucumber-houses, 
Melon-pits,    vineries,    and     orchard-houses.      Good 


-TIPS  OF   DI58ASBD  CUCUMBEHS  :    NATU 

With  fungus  spores  enlarged  400  diara. 


ventilation — as  opposed  to  warm,  moist,  stagnant  air 
— would  probably  have  a  beneficial  effect  on  the 
growth  of  ailing  Cucumber  plants.    W.  G.  S, 


CRYSTAL   PALACE  :    July  3. 

The  Rose  Show  of  the  Crystal  Palace  Company 
was  a  decidedly  good  one,  there  being  keen  competi- 
tion in  most  of  the  classes,  and  almost  every  prize 
offered  was  awarded.  The  blooms  of  the  Roses  were 
very  nice,  and  when  the  condition  of  the  season  is 
considered  good.  The  tables  on  which  the  boxes 
were  placed  had  been  separated  and  spotted  all  over 
the  body  of  the  Palace,  the  leading  classes  occupying 
the  centre  transept,  and  consequently  plenty  of  room 
was  allow;d  for  the  visitors.  This  was  as  well,  for 
the  attendance  was  numerous,  great  interest  being 
shown  in  the  flowers. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  Colchester,  stood  1st  in  a  keen 
competition  for  seventy-two  varieties,  distinct,  single 
trusses,  with  a  collection  of  handsome  blooms,  which 
fully  merited  their  prize.  The  varieties  were  so  arranged 
that  their  colours  blended  and  balanced  each  other. 
Some  of  the  best  examples  were  Duke  of  Connaught, 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  Madame  de  Watteville,  General 
Jacqueminot,  InnocentaPirola,  Lord  Macaulay,  Victor 
Hugo,  Marechal  Niel,  Marie  Finger,  Pitora,  Madame 
Lambard,  Madame  Ch.  Maurice,  Marguerite  de 
Romaine,  and  Duchess  of  Bedford  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  who  followed 
very  closely  with,  among  others,  S.  Reynolds  Hole, 
Julia  Touvais,  A.  K.  Williams,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,* 
Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Alba  rosea,  and  Souvenir 
d'un  Ami ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  Cant,  Colchester. 

With  forty-eight  varieties,  distinct,  three  trusses  of 
each,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  was  again  1st  ;  and  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son  2d,  with  almost  the  same  blooms  as  were 
shown  in  the  seventy-two  varieties.  Specially  fine 
examples  of  Baroness  Rothschild,  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton, and  Madame  de  Watteville  being  included  in  the 
jst  prize  lot ;    while  Messrs.   Paul  &  Son  showed 


specially  good  blooms  of  Madame  G.  Luizet,  Victor 
Verdier,  and  Marie  van  Houtte ;  Messrs.  Keynes, 
Williams  &  Co.  were  3d. 

The  next  class  was  twenty-four  varieties  of  H.P.'s 
in  threes.  There  was  good  competition  here,  all  the 
exhibitors  in  the  class  showing  uniformly  fine  blooms. 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  showed  the  best  collection, 
the  best  varieties  being  Mons.  Nomao,  Lady  M. 
Fitzwilliam,  Madame  G.  Luizet,  and  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington ;  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath,  were  next  in 
merit,  with  Merveille  de  Lyon,  A.  K.  Williams,  Fran- 
95ise  Michelon,  and  Prince  Arthur  as  their  best 
blooms. 

For  twenty-four  varieties,  distinct,  in  single  trusses, 
Mr.  G.  Prince,  14,  Market  Street,  Oxford,  secured 
the  1st  place  in  a  good  competition,  having  fine 
specimens  of  Princess  of  Wales,  Lady  M.  Fitzwilliam, 
Madame  Cusin,  Marechal  Niel,  and  Madame  G. 
Luizet.  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  was  2d,  with 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  Xavier  Olibo,  Marechal  Niel,  and 
Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Mount, 
Canterbury. 

The  Tea-scented  and  Noisette  Roses  were  numer- 
ous and  on  the  whole  very  fine,  and  they  appeared  to 
find  great  favour  with  the  visitors.  The  best  eighteen 
varieties,  three  trusses  of  each,  came  from  Mr.  George 
Prince,  nurseryman,  Oxford,  who  had  fine  examples 
of  Altia  rosea,  Francisca  Kruger,  Li  Boule  d'Or, 
Niphetos,  Princess  of  Wales,  Catherine  Mermet,  Jean 
Ducher,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon, 
Anna  Olivier,  Innoceota  Pirola,  Madame  Hippolyte 
Jamain,  Hon.  Edith  GiBird,  and  Amazone  j  zd, 
Mr.  G.  W.  Piper,  nurseryman,  Uckfield,  with  ad- 
mirable flowers  of  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Marie 
van  Houtte,  lean  Ducher,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac, 
Anna  Olivier,  Niphetos,  Jean  Pernet,  Etoile  de 
Lyon,  and  Catherine  Mermet  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 

Then  followed  a  series  of  classes  for  Roses  in 
colours,  but  as  the  collections  were  unlimited  in 
extent  some  showed  a  greater  quantity  of  flowers 
than  others.  The  best  collection  of  yellow  Roses, 
three  trusses  of  each,  came  from  Mr.  Geo.  Prince, 
all  of  them  being  tea-scented,  and  included  fine 
blooms  of  Jean  Ducher,  Princess  of  Wales,  Francisca 
Kruger,  Etoile  de  Lyon.  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Perle 
des  Jardins,  Madame  C.  Kuster,  Marie  van  Houtte, 
and  Amazone;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Mattock,  nurseryman, 
Oxford,  who  had  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Jean 
Ducher,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Anna  Olivier,  Boule  d'Or, 
and  Belle  Lyonnaise  ;  3d,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

Next  came  a  collection  of  white  Roses,  three 
trusses  of  each,  and  here  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  was  1st, 
with  a  superb  lot,  comprising  Edith  Giffard, 
Niphetos,  Devoniensis,  Innocenta  Pirola,  Madame 
Lacharme,  very  fine,  and  Madame  Bravy  ;  2d,  Mr, 
G.  Prince,  with  Edith  Gifl'ard,  Anna  Olivier,  Alba 
rosea,  Niphetos,  lonocente  Pirola,  &c.,  also  very 
good  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  W.  Piper. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  had  the  best  collection  of 
pink  Roses,  staging,  a  very  fine  lot,  comprising  Mad. 
G.  Luizet,  Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  Madame 
Montels,  Madame  Hippolyte  Jamain,  Mons.  Noman, 
Pride  of  Waltham,  Baroness  Rothschild,  Catherine 
Soupert,  Princess  Beatrice,  Julia  Touvais,  Lady  Mary 
Fitzwilliam,  Marie  Finger,  Duchesse  de  Valombrosa, 
Madame  Cusin,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  and  Catherine 
^Mermet ;  2d,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  with  very  fine  blooms 
of  Madame  Cusin,  Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  Mons. 
Noman,  Lady  Mary  Fiizwilliam,  Mad.  Gabriel 
Luizet,  and  Duchesse  de  Valombrosa ;  3d,  Messrs. 
J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Cambridge. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  had  the  best  collection  of 
crimson  Roses,  staging  fine  blooms  of  A.  K.  Williams, 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Dr.  Andry,  Mon?.  E.  Y.  Teas, 
Gen.  Jacqueminot,  Duke  of  Teck,  Ulrich  Brunner, 
Comte  Rimbaud,  Marie  Rady,  Marie  Baumann, 
Madame  Victor  Verdier,  and  Camille  Bernardin  ; 
2d,  Mr.  R.  B.  Cant,  with  A,  K.  Williams,  Fisher 
Holmes,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Dr.  Sewell,  Marie 
Baumann,  Gen.  Jacqueminot  ;  3d,  Geo.  Christy, 
Esq.,  Westerham. 

Mr.  R.  B,  Cant  was  1st  with  a  collection  of  velvety 
crimson  Roses,  having  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Fishet 
Holmes,  Prince  Arthur,  Duke  of  Marlborough,  Dr. 
Sewell  and  Maurice  Bernardin  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son,  with  Louis  van  Houtte,  Prince  Arthur, 
Reynolds  Hole,  Charles  Darwin,  Prince  Camille  de 
Rohan,  &c.  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Geo.  Bunyard  &  Co. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  had  the  best  eighteen  trusses  of 
Marechal  Niel,  Mr.  Geo.  Mount,  St.  Dunstan's,  Can- 
terbury, being  2d. 

In  the  class  for  the  same  number  of  trusses  of  any 
Tea  or  Noisette  Rose,  Mt.  B.  R.  Cant  was  again  1st 
with  a  superb  lot  of  Souvenir  d'Elise  ;  Mr.  W.  J. 
Grant,  Hope  End  Farm,  Ledbury,  being  2d  with 
Marie  van  Houtte,  and  Mr.  Prince  3d,  with  a 
superb  lot  of  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac. 

In  the  class  for  eighteen  trusses  of  Marie  Baumann 
or  similar  coloured  Rose,  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co. 
were  1st,  with  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps  ;  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant  2d,  with  Marie  Baumann  ;  and  Messrs.  Bunyatd 
&  Co,  3d,  with  the  same. 

The  best  eighteen  trusses  of  Prince  Camille  de 
Rohan,  or  other  Rose  of  similar  colour,  came  from 


54 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(July  io,  1886. 


Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  who  hart  Abel  Carricre  ;  2d, 
Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  wilh  Xavier  Olibo  j  3d,  Mr. 
R.  B.  Cant,  wilh  Fi>her  Holmes. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Grant  had  the  best  eighteen  trusses  of 
Frani^ois  Michelon,  or  similar  colour,  staging 
Marquis  de  Castellane  ;  the  Cranston  Seed  and  Nur- 
sery Company  were  2 1  with  Fran9iis  Michelon  ; 
Mr.  B.  K.  Cant  being  3d  with  John  Hopper. 

The  best  eighteen  blooms  of  Lady  Mary  Filz- 
william,  a  similar  colour,  broutjht  some  exquisite 
blooms  of  this  lovely  Rose  from  Mr.  H.  Bennett,  the 
raiser ;  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  being  2d  ;  and  Mr.  T.  W. 
Girdiestone,  Sunniugdale,  3d,  wiih  the  same. 

Mr.  G.  Frince  had  ihe  best  eighteen  trusses  of  A. 
K.  Williams;  Mr.  W.  J.  Grant  being  2d;  and 
Messrs.  I\iul  &  Son,  3d. 

Mr.  Prince  had  ihe  best  eighleen  trusses  of  \V.  A. 
Richardson,  showing  it  richly  coloured  ;  Mr.  W.  J. 
Grant  was  2d  ;  and  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son.  3d. 

The  Rev.  j.  H.  Pemherton,  Romford,  had  the 
best  eighteen  trusses  of  Niphetos  ;  Mr.  Geo.  Prince 
being  2I;  and  Mr.  E.  T.  Aiherton,  Chatteris,  3d. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  had  the  best  twelve  bunches  of 
Rosa  polyantha,  showing  nice  specimens  of  Madame 
Pacqueretle,  Perle  d'Or,  Simplex,  Mignonette,  and 
Anna  Maiia  Monlraval  ;  Mr.  G.  Prince  was  2d, 
having,  distinct  from  the  foregoing,  Cecil  Brunner. 

Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Son  had  the  best  examples  of 
Rosa  rugosa,  staging  good  bunches  of  the  red  and 
white  forms  ;  Messrs,  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.  being  2d. 

In  the  amateurs'  division  there  vvas  as  good  a  show 
as  in  the  open  classes,  but  the  competition  in  some 
classes  was  not  very  large,  still  it  was  large  enough 
to  cause  all  the  prizes  to  be  awarded.  On  the  whole 
this  division  was  remarkably  fine,  good  blooms  being 
the  rule. 

For  foity-eight  varieties,  one  of  each,  W.  J.  Grant, 
Esq.,  Hope  End  Fjrm.  Ledbury,  was  ist,  Horace 
Vernet,  Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  Madame  G.  Luizet,  and 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  being  the  most  remarkable 
specimens  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Campbell,  gr.  to  S  P.  Eudd, 
Esq.,  S,  Gay  Street,  Balh.  including  Baroness  Roths- 
child, Li  France,  Pride  of  Waltham,  Prince  Camille 
de  Rohan. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties,  distinct, 
H.P.'s,  one  truss  of  each,  there  was  a  fine  exhibition 
of  uniformly  good  blooms,  the  judges  considering  it 
right  to  award  an  extra  priz?. 

Mr.  J.  Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B.  Haywood,  Woodhalch 
Lodge,  Reigate.  was  1st,  wilh  Mrs.  Baker,  Francois 
Michelon,  A.  K.  Williams,  Madame  Lacharme.  F. 
de  Lesseps,  and  Madame  Noman  ;  2d,  R.  E.  West, 
Esq  ,  Reigate.  having  Ulrich  Brunner,  Merveille  de 
Lyon,  Abel  Carriere,  Etienne  Levet,  ar.d  Madame 
G.  Luizet  ;  3d,  Mr.  R.  Gray,  gr.  to  Earl  Stanhope, 
Chevcning,  Sevenoaks ;  and  extra  3d,  G.  Christy, 
Esq.,  Buckhurst  Lodge,  Westerham. 

Wilh  twenty-four  varieties,  three  trusses  of  each, 
T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq.,  was  1st,  with  good  blooms  of 
J.  S.  Mdl,  La  France,  Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Mar- 
quis do  Castellane,  A.  K.  Williams,  Marie  van 
Houttc,  Alfred  Colomb,  Franjois  Michelon,  Marie 
Finger,  Madame  Lacharme,  and  Lady  Maiy  Fitz- 
williani  ;  W.  J.  Grant,  Esq.,  was  2d,  having  Lady 
Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Horace  Vernet,  Charles  Lefebvre, 
La  Rosiere.  Beauty  of  Waltham,  &c. 

Mr.  Jas.  Brown,  gr.  to  A.  J.  Waterlow,  Esq.,  Rain- 
ham,  was  1st.  with  twelve  varieties,  having  good 
flowers  of  La  Havre,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  A.  K. 
Williams,  La  France,  Marquis  de  Castellane,  Madame 
G.  Luizet,  Pride  of  Reigate,  charmingly  striped  ; 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  Countess  of  Rosebery,  Pride  of 
Wahham,  Eugene  Ftirst,  &c.;  2d,  J.  L.  Curtis,  Esq., 
Chatham. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  King,  Madingly  Vicarage,  Cambs., 
had  the  best  twelve  Tea  and  Noisette  Roses,  having 
Catherine  Merraet,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon,  Madame  Cusin,  Innocenta  Pirola, 
S.-iuvenir  de  Paul  Neron,  Princess  of  Wales,  NLarechal 
Niel,  Jean  Ducher,  and  Souvenir  d'un  Ami ;  2d, 
Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton,  with  a  very  good  lot,  tunning 
the  1st  somewhat  hard. 

Seedling  Roses. 

Mr.  H.  Bennett  had  Viscountess  Folkestone,  a  frag- 
rant blush  coloured  variety,  with  a  warm  flesh  centre  ; 
Messrs.  William  Paul  &  Son  had  Grand  Mogul,  a 
crimson  A.  K.  Williams,  and  Silver  Truce,  silver- 
white,  with  deep  flush  centre. 

Carnations,  Picotees,  and  Pinks. 

Mr.  C.  Turner  had  the  best  twelve  Carnations, 
staging  good  blooms  of  Illuminator,  A.  K.  Mayor, 
Charles  Turner,  John  Keet,  Outsider,  a  good  scarlet- 
flake ;  Mrs.  Maclaren,  Figaro,  Miss  E.  ^Vemyss,  and 
three  Cloves  ;  2d,  Mr.  James  Douglas,  Great  Gearies, 
Ilford,  wilh  seedlings.  Mr.  Douglas  had  the  best 
twelve  Picotees,  showing  mainly  yellow  ground  seed- 
lings ;  Mr.  C.  Turner  being  2d  with  Clara  Penson, 
Evelyn.  William  Summers,  Mrs.  Rudd,  Chanticleer, 
&c.  Mr.  Henry  Hooper,  nurseryman,  Balh,  had  the 
best  twelve  Pinks,  shoeing  very  large  flowers  of 
Ne  Plus  Ultra,  Henry  Cannell,  Boyard,  Brilliant, 
Eclipse,  W.  Paul,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Cattley,  Bath. 


Special  prizes  were  offered  by  Messrs.  Paul  & 
Son,  nurserymen,  Wallham  Cross,  for  a  collection  of 
flowers  introduced  from,  or  raised  at,  the  Waliham 
Cross  Nurseries ;  one  collection  only  put  in  appear- 
ance, and  that  of  an  inferior  character. 

Groui>  of  Tuberous  Begonias. 

In  this  class  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill, 
were  the  only  exhibitors.  They  were  awarded  the 
1st  prize  for  a  group  occupying  about  144  square 
feet.  The  group  firmed  a  square  pyramid,  and  was 
relieved  with  Caladiums,  Palms,  Ferns,  Mosses,  &c., 
which  relieved  the  blaze  of  colours  from  the  bloom 
of  the  B.'gonias. 

Miscellaneous. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Wallham  Cross,  contri- 
buted a  fine  group  of  Roses,  which  were  arranged  in 
a  tasteful  manner  in  front  of  the  stage.  Numerous 
varieties  W£re  shown,  and  samples  of  almost  every 
form.  There  were  entire  baskets  each  of  a  sort 
separated  by  Adiantum.  Pots  of  Roses  were  studded 
here  and  there,  and  at  both  ends  and  forming  a  line 
at  the  back  were  ornamental  standard  baskets  and 
standard  Roses  in  pots.  The  following  were  included 
in  this  group  :  — Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Captain 
Christy,  Violetle  Bowyer,  Ma  Capucine,  Madame 
Faico',  Anna  Olivier,  &c.,and  two  new  ones — Grand 
Mogul  and  Silver  Queen. 

E.  Holman,  Esq.,  Rockhills,  Crystal  Palace  Park, 
exhibited  six  pots  of  Petunias,  which  were  well 
flowered  and  of  good  appearance. 

Mr.  P.  Perry,  gr.  to  W.  G.  Rowlett,  Esq.,  showed 
some  pots  of  Carnation  Magnificence,  full  of  bloom 
of  a  delicate  rosy-salmon  colour — very  attractive. 

Messrs.  J.  Cheat  ,&  Son,  Crawley,  Sussex,  con- 
tributed a  nice  little  collection  of  herbaceous  flowers, 
having  G^Znothera  Voungi,  Spircea  {several  vars  ), 
Phlox  (vars.),  &c. ;also  they  showed  a  group  of  Roses, 
R.  rugosa  vars.,  the  Moss  Rose  and  Provence,  as  well 
as  Teas,  (S:c. 


NATIONAL  ROSE  SOCIETY'S   SHOW: 
Tuesday,  July  6. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  Society  took  place  in 
the  conservatory  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Sociely  at 
Soulh  Kensingt.m. 

The  flowers  were  quite  as  numerous  as  on  any 
former  occasion,  but  the  quality  of  the  blOi)ms  had 
suffered  much  from  late  frost,  and  yet  more  from 
the  great  warmth  experienced  for  the  last  week  in 
England.  Many  of  the  flowers  were  found  wiih 
damaged  or  op3n  centres,  and  almost  all  wtre 
under-sized.  New  Roses  were  shown  in  a  few  in- 
stances, but  there  was  nothing  remarkable  to  be 
found  in  any  of  those  exhibited,  and  they  were  of 
poor  quality  generally. 

The  competitors  in  the  smaller  classes  were,  as 
usual,  in  great  numbers ;  but  ihe  entries  in  the  classes 
for  seventy-two,  forty-eight,  and  twenty-four,  were 
fewer,  and  were  those  whom  we  always  expect  to  see 
head  the  lists  of  priz:-winners  at  Ibis  and  other  large 
gatherings  of  Rose  growers,  The  day  was  exceedingly 
warm,  so  that  the  blooms  soon  alter  being  set  up, 
showed  signs  of  distress,  and  by  the  evening  many 
flowers  were  spoilt. 

Nurserymen. 

Seventy-two,  distinct,  single  trusses. — In  this  class 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  nurseryman,  Colchester,  took  the 
1st  prize,  with  a  lot  of  fairly  even  flowers  of  H,P,'s, 
amongst  them  being  fine  blooms  of  Boildeau.  Lord 
Macaulay,  Duke  of  Connaught,  Beauty  of  Waltham, 
Duke  of  Wellington,  La  France,  Ariadne,  Marie 
Verdier,  A.  K.  Williams.  Of  Teas  were  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon.  Devoniensis,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Li 
Boule  d'Or,  and  Innocenta  Pirola. 

The  two  Silver  Medals  in  the  nurserymen's  classes 
for  the  best  II. P.  and  the  best  Tea  were  awarded  to 
a  bloom  of  Boildeau,  H.P.,  and  to  Souvenir  d'Elise, 
Tea,  in  this  stand.  2d,  Mr.  F.  Cant,  Colchester, 
with  a  good  stand,  his  best  flowers  being  Mrs.  Jowitt, 
Marechal  Niel,  Anna  Olivier,  La  Havre,  and  Ilorace 
Vernet;  3),  Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons,  The  Old  Nur- 
series, Cheshunt  ;  4'h,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  SIcuJh. 

Forty-eight  distinct,  three  trusses  of  each.— The 
1st  prize  was  again  taken  by  Mr.  B.  R,  Cant,  who 
showed  a  stand  in  which  were  excellent  examples  of 
Lady  M.  Filzwilliam,  Dr.  Sewell,  Fisher  Holmes, 
Ulrich  Brunner,  Horace  Vernet,  Marquise  de  Cas- 
tellane, Niphetos,  and  Souvenir  d'un  Ami.  A  good 
2d  was  seen  in  Mr.  C.  Turner's  stand,  who  put  up  a 
iTright  fresh  collection  of  flowers,  conspicuous  examples 
being  observed  in  Catherine  Mermet,  Horace  Vernet, 
Countess  of  Rosebery,  Reynolds  Hole,  Abel  Carriere, 
Beauty  of  Wallham,  and  Alba  rosea.  The  3d  prize 
fell  to  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  »hose  flowers 
of  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Seaateur  Vaisse,  Marie 
Rady,  and  Alfred  Colomb  were  very  superior.  The 
fourth  prize  was  awarded  to  the  Cranston  Seed  and 
Nursery  Company,  Hereford. 

Twenty-fiur  Teas   or   Noisettes   (distinct),    single 


trusses. — In  this  class  the  1st  prize  was  well  taken  by 
Mr.  G.  Prince,  Oxford,  wilh  a  beautiful  stand,  ihe 
best  of  which  were  Comtesse  de  Nadaiilac,  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Rubens.  Amazone, 
and  Madame  Wiliermoz  ;  Mr.  F.  Cant,  2  1,  showing 
excellently  ;  Mr.  B.  Cant,  taking  the  3d  prize. 

Forty-eight  single  trusses  (distinct),  —  Messrs 
Curtis,  Sandfjrd  tS;  Co.,  Torquay,  were  the  winners 
of  the  1st  prize,  wilh  one  of  the  best  collections 
in  the  show,  very  good  flowers  being  observed  ia 
Madame  S,  de  Laplace,  Lord  Macaulav,  E.  Y.  Teas, 
Captain  Christy,  Marie  Rady,  and  Xavier  Olibo ; 
2d,  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Cambridge,  who  showed 
a  good  lot  of  blooms  in  a  very  fresh  condition,  the 
finest  being  Maurice  Jiernardin,  Beauty  of  Waltham, 
A.  K.  Williams,  Fran^oise  Michelon,  and  Madame 
WatteviUe  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath  ; 
4th,  Messrs.  J.  Jeffries  &  San,  Cirencester. 

Twenty-four,  distinct,  three  trusses  of'each. — In 
this  class  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  took  the 
lead  wilh  an  excellent  collection.  We  observed 
very  fine  examples  of  Madame  G.  Luizet,  Lord 
Macaulay,  Duke  of  Wellington,  Baroness  Rothschild, 
Marie  Rady,  and  Jean  Ducher.  2d,  Messrs.  Jeffries 
&  Son,  who  in  a  nice  stand  had  fine  fljwers  of  Lady 
M.  Fiizvilliam,  Annie  Lixton,  Dachesse  de  Valom- 
brosa.  Queen  of  Queens,  and  La  France  ;  3d,  Messr-. 
Codling  &  Son,  who  showed  remarkably  well  j  4th, 
Messrs.  Burrell  &  Co. 

Twenty-four,  distinct,  s'n^le  trusses.  —  Mr.  G, 
Mount,  the  Rose  Nurseries,  Canterbury,  was  here 
the  winner  of  the  1st  prize,  having  fine  examples  of 
Lady  M.  Filzwilliam,  Lord  Herbert,  Dr.  Andry, 
Maiechal  Niel,  Captain  Christy,  and  A.  K.  Williams; 
2d,  Messrs,  Harkness  &  Sons,  Bedale,  Yorkshire  ; 
3d,  Mr.  T.  Bunyard,  Ashford,  Kent. 

Eighteen  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distincf,  single  trusses. 
— 131,  [,  Mattock,  New  Headington.  Oxon,  whose 
floA'ers  were  very  meritorious  ;  2d,  Messrs.  J.  Bur- 
tell  &  Co.  ;  3d,  Mr,  G.  Mount 

Amateurs. 

Forty-eight  single  trusses,  distinct. — The  1st  prize 
and  Challenge  Trophy  were  taken  by  the  Rev,  Joseph 
H,  Pdinbeitin.  Havering,  Reigate.  The  Silver 
Medil  of  ihe  Society  for  the  best  flower  in  the  sh  iw. 
A.  K,  Will  ami,  a  superbly  finisheJ  fresh  bloom,  f  II 
likewise  to  this  exhibitor.  Amongst  his  very  fine 
exampl.-s  were  Francii-e  Mic'"ebn,  Magna  Charla, 
M  ill'.  Marie  Coinier',  Hoiace  Vernet,  Eiienne  L»ve', 
Louis  van  Houtte,  Dake  of  Wtllingion,  Counters  of 
Rosebery,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  and  a  grand 
Alphonse  Soupert.  2d,  W.  G.  Grant,  Eq  ,  Hope 
End  Farm.  Ledbury,  the  best  in  this  stand  being 
Louis  van  Houtte,  Constantine  TrefeakofT,  Le  Havre, 
and  John  S.  Mdl;  3d,  E.  B.  Haywood,  Esq., 
Woodhatch  Lodge,  Reigate  (gr.,  Mr.  Ridout)  — 
Marquise  de  Castellane  and  Ferd.  de  Lesseps  wtre 
very  nice  bloom.;  4'h,  S.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  S,  Gay 
Street,  Bath.  There  were  nine  competitors  in  this 
cla=s. 

Tweniy-four,  distinct,  single  trusses. — ist,  Mr.  R. 
Gray,  gr.  to  the  Eirl  of  Stanhope,  Chevening  Park, 
who-  staged  a  very  beautiful  lot  of  evenly  matched 
blooms,  bright  colours  predominating — Paul  Jamain, 
A.  K,  Williams,  Horace  Vernet,  Xavier  Olibo,  Eiienre 
Level,  Cimille  Bernardin,  La  France,  and  Mari5chal 
Niel  being  the  best  of  them,  2d.  G.  Christy,  E<q  , 
Buckhurst  Lodge,  Westerham — Marie  Ridy,  Abel 
Carriere,  Madame  Lacharme,  and  Mrs,  Newell,  a 
fine  dark  Rose,  being  the  best.  3 1.  E.  M.  Bethune, 
E-q.,  Denne  Place,  Horsham  (gr.,  Mr.  II.  Harris); 
4lh,  Mr.  Gurney  Fowler,  Woodford,  Essex.  Four 
lots  were  shown. 

Twelve,  distinct,  three  trusses  of  each. — 1st,  Rev. 
J.  H.  Pemberton,  with  flowers  of  a  medium  size,  but 
o!  generally  perfect  form  ;  the  best  being  seen  in 
Mdlle.  Marie  Cointet,  A,  K.  Williams,  Marquise  de 
Castellane,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Niphetos,  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  Catherine  Mermet,  Beauty  of  Waltham,  Ma- 
dame G.  Luizet,  and  Horace  Vernet.  Equal  1st,  W. 
J.  Grant,  wiih  blooms  of  good  substance  and  form  — 
H.  Vernet,  Fran<;oise  Michelon,  Marie  Rady,  Beauty 
of  Waltham,  General  Jacqueminot,  and  Le  Havre, 
being  the  finest.  3d,  T.  B.  Hall,  Esq.,  Larchwood, 
RocUferry — the  flowers  being  rather  small— Charles 
Lefebvre,  Dupuy  [amain,  Violette  Bowyer,  Monsieur 
Noman,  Captain  Christy,  Madame  Hippolite  Jamain, 
being  the  bes*.  Equal  3d,  E.  W.  Girdlestone,  Sun- 
niugdale, Berks,  with  flowers  unequal  in  size  and 
punished  by  the  heat — Prince  Arthur,  Marie  Baumann, 
Caroline  Kusler,  were  good  examples.  There  were 
eight  competitors. 

Eighteen  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct,  single  trusses. 
• — Ist,  Rev.  Dr.  E.  G.  King,  Madingley  Vicarage, 
Cambridge,  and  winner  of  the  National  Rose  Scciet>'s 
Silver  Medal  for  the  best  Tea  or  Noisette,  with 
Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon.  Other  fine  examples  were 
seen  in  Catherine  Mermet,  Sunstt,  Anna  Olivier, 
Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Niphetos,  Marechal  Niel,  Caroline 
Kuster,  and  David  Pradel.  2d,  Rev.  J.  H.  Pember- 
ton, who  had  but  few  really  first-class  blooms — 
Madame  Bravy,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Belle  Lyonnaise, 
and    Bouquet    d'Or    being    the   finest ;    3d,  E.   M. 


July  io,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


55 


Bilhune,  Esq  ,  small  blooms,  several  being  still  in 
the  unopened  state.     There  were  seven  entries. 

Thirty-six,  distinct,  single  trusses.  —  1st,  Mr. 
Brown,  gr.  to  E.  W'ateilow,  Esq  ,  Great  Doods, 
Reigate.  His  blooms  looked  fresh,  and  were  of  an 
even  and  medium  size,  well  contrasted  in  colour,  the 
finest  being  A.  K.  \Villiam=,  Lady  M.  Fiizwilliam, 
Mirie  Brumann,  Reyn^Hs  Hole,  M.  Nomin,  Charles 
Darwin,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  and  Maiie  Rady.  2d, 
F.  Wade,  Esq  ,  Entsham  Hill,  West  Farleigh,  some 
fine  examples  being  observed  in  his  M.  Niel,  Marie 
Biuminn,  M.  Noman,  E.  Levet,  Bille  Lyonnaise. 
3I,  Mr.  E.  Mitchell,  Gubens,  Corbetsay,  Romford, 
in  which,  among  som:  fine  blooms,  were  others  with 
faulty  centres. 

Eight  distinct,  three  trusses  of  each. — is(,  Mr. 
Brown,  Great  Doods,  rather  small,  but  perfect 
flowers  as  regards  the  major  number  :  E'.oile  de 
Lyon,  Eugene  Fiirst,  Marie  Ridy,  and  Merveille  de 
Lyon  being  the  finest ;  3d,  Mr.  E.  H.  Fellows, 
Wimpole  Rectory,  Royston  ;  4th,  F  Ward. 

Eighteen,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 1st,  Mr.  E.  B. 
Lmdsell,  Bearton,  Ilitcbin — the  examples  of  Xivier 
Olibo,  Lord  Macauliy,  Baroness  de  RoihschilJ, 
Madame  G.  Luizet,  and  Marie  Baumann,  being 
his  best  flowers.  2d,  Rev,  L.  Girnet,  Chrisileton, 
Chester — fresh  looking,  but  comprising  some  imper- 
fect blooms— Comtesse  de  NadailUc,  La  France,  and 
\y.  Havre,  being  the  best  examples.  3!.  Miss  Biker, 
Holmfels.  Reigate  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  Budgen)— Ulrich  Brun- 
ner,  Horace  Verne',  and  E.  L-!vet,  were  the  finest 
blooms  ;  4th,  Mr.  W.  H.  Wakeley,  Mackland,  Rain- 
ham.     There  were  eight  entries. 

Twelve  Teas,  or  Noisettes,  distinct,  single  trusses. 
—  1st,  E.  Claxton,  Esq.,  The  Rosery,  Allerton, 
Liverpool  a  lot  of  small  blooms,  evenly  matched, 
and  not  over-blown  as  some  were.  The  examples  of 
Caroline  Kuster,  Madame  Willermoz,  M.  H.  Jamaio, 
Princess  of  Wales  and  Jean  Djcher,  were  very  nice. 
2d,  E.  Wateilow,  Esq.  :  Eioile  de  Lyon,  Alba  rosea 
and  Catherine  ^Iermet  being  very  fine.  31,  Rev. 
L.  Garnet — in  this  lot  the  blooms  of  Comtesse  de 
NadailUc,  Madame  Cusin  and  Souvenir  d'un  Ami 
were  very  good  ones.  4th,  E.  B.  Lindsell.  There 
were  eight  competitors. 

Eighteen,  distinct  single  trusses. — 1st,  E.  Mawlty, 
E  q, ,  Rose  Bank,  Berkhampstead^the  finest  of  the 
flowers  being  seen  in  Captain  Christy,  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon,  Henri  Ledechaux,  Chailes  Lefebvre 
L*?  Havre,  Xavier  Olibo ;  some  of  the  others  were  not 
fully  developed.  2d,  W.  H.  Jackson,  Esq.,  Stagsden 
Vicarage,  Bedford — a  lot  ol  medium-sized  blooms, 
but  comprising  a  few  fine  ones  in  Xavier  Olibo, 
Alfred  Colomb  and  Beauty  of  Wal-ham  ;  3d,  Mr.  W. 
Narroway,  Headington  Qaarry  ;  4ih,  Mr.  II.  Lister, 
gr.  to  Lord  Brooke,  Easton  Lodge,  Dunmow.  There 
were  four  entries. 

Twelve,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 1st,  Rev.  Allen 
Cheales,  Brockham  Vicarage,  Surrey — a  capital  box- 
ful, the  best  being  Marie  Rady,  A.  K.  Wdliams, 
Marie  Baumann,  Star  of  Walhain,  Maicchal  Niel, 
M)n-.  Niman,  Niphetos.  2 1.  H.  Foster,  Esq., 
Ashford,  Kent,  with  fresh,  smallish,  generally  perfect 
blooms — Mons.  Woolfitld,  a  very  fine  pink  flower, 
and  Marie  Rady  were  conspicuous  examples  :  4'h, 
Mr.  Rothery,  Ribsden,  Windlesham,  Bagshot  (gr., 
H.  Godfrey).     There  were  six  entries. 

Nine,  distinct,  single  trusses.— 1st,  Rev.  H.  B. 
Biron,  Lympe  Vicarage,  Hy;he  :  a  lot  of  good  Roses 
cut  at  the  right  moment,  very  beautiful,  were — Marie 
Biumann,  Marie  van  Hoiitie,  Madame  G.  Luiz  =  t, 
Captain  Christy,  Violetle  Bowyer,  Innocenta  Pirola, 
La  Boule  d'Or.  2d,  Mr.  E.  CulheH,  Chapel  Croft, 
West  Humble,  Dorking  —  a  pretty  boxful,  which 
were  preferred  by  some  to  the  previous  lot.  '}f\.  Rev. 
Canon  Hodgson,  Saltwood  Rectory  Hythc  —  nice 
blooms,  but  not  well  contrasted.  4h,  Mr.  E.  Home, 
Park  House,  Reigate.     There  were  eight  entries. 

Six,  distinct,  single  trusses.— 1st,  Rev.  Frank  S. 
Taylor,  Littleton  Vicarage,  Evesham — a  good  stand  : 
Boildieu,  Marechal  Niel,  Charles  Lefebvre,  and 
Madame  G.  Luizet.  2d,  Miss  Alice  Lucas,  Wratton, 
Hiichen  ;  3d,  J.  H.  Ashurst,  E^q  ,  Farningham ; 
4'h,  Mr.  J.  Bateman,  74,  Twisdale  Road,  Highgale. 
There  were  eight  entries. 

Six  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct,  single  trusses.  —  1st, 
Rev.  F.  R.  Burnsides,  Chipping  Campden,  Glouces- 
tershire, with  a  lovely  lot  of  flowers — Sladame  Cusin, 
Marechal  Niel,  Comtesse  de  Nadaiilac,  La  Bjule 
d'Or,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  com- 
prising the  sorts  ;  3d,  Mrs.  Fuller,  the  Vicarage, 
Bexley  ;  4th,  J.  Sladden,  E^q.,  Badsay,  Worcester- 
shire.    There  were  twelve  entries. 

Extra  Classes. 

Twenty-four,  distinct,  single  trusses,  twelve  H.P., 
twelve  Tea  or  Noisette.  — 1st,  Rev.  R.  C.  Hale, 
Woodmancote  Rectory,  Henfield,  Sussex  ;  a  piece 
of  plate  went  with  this  pnz^,  and  a  very  nice  lot  of 
each  kind  was  shown,  some  of  the  finest  blooms 
being  R.  Jacobs,  Marie  Baumann,  Marie  Rady, 
Madame  G.  Luizet,  Beauty  of  Waltham,  Fran^oise 
Michelon,  Annie  Wood,  Violette  Bowyer,  Caroline 
Kuster,  Madame  Lambard,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami.     2d, 


Mr.  W.  H.  Jackson — very  good,  not  over-blown 
blooms;  Alba  rosea,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Marie 
Rady,  M.  Noman,  Dr.  Andry,  and  A.  K.  Williams, 
comprising  the  choicest  varieties;  3I,  W.  J.  Grant, 
Esq.     There  were  nine  entries. 

A  basket  of  Teas  or  Noisettes. — 1st  prize,  and  a 
piece  of  plate,  C.  E.  Cuihill,  Esq. — a  large  globular 
mass  of  fully  developed  and  half-opened  flowers  ; 
2i,  E.  C'axton,  Esq.,  similar;  3!,  Rev.  J.  A.  Wil- 
liams, Aldermaston  Lidge,  S;ratfjrd.  There  were 
five  entries. 

Twelve,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 1st,  Rev.  Canin 
Hodgson,  Saltwood  Rectory,  Hythe  (gr.,  Mr.  Shoe- 
smith).  In  this  stand  we  observed  nice  blooms  of 
Edith  Giff'rrd.  Innocenta  Pirola,  Duchesse  de 
Vallombrosa,  Comtessede  Nidaillac;  2d,  W.  J. Grant, 
Esq.     Tnere  were  nine  entries. 

Six  distinct  single  trusses.  —  1st,  J.  H.  Ashurst, 
E.q  ;  2a,  Mr.  Samuel  Tuke,  Hitchin ;  3!,  L. 
Eames,  Esq,  Hitchin;  4'h,  Rev.  F.  F.  Lambert, 
Clothal  Rectory,  Baldock.  None  of  these  stands 
were  of  any  particular  merit,  and  showed  the 
'prentice  hind  unmistakeably.     Ten  competed. 

Six  new  R'jses,  for  the  first  time  in  Engli,h 
nurserymen's  lists  since  the  spring  of  i834  and  subse- 
quently: single  trusses.  — 1st,  E.  W.  Girdlestone,  Esq., 
Sunningdale.  We  did  not  observe  anything  of 
superlative  merit,  and  will  merely  indicate  the  names, 
&c.,  premising  that  none  of  them  had  undergone  a 
course  of  good  culture,  so  small  and  poor  were  the 
blooms: — Gloire  Lyonnaise,  cream-coloured;  Lady  of 
the  Lake,  pink,  incurved  petals,  centre  full  ;  Madame 
de  Watteville,  creamy-white,  petal  cerise  lipped  ; 
Souvenir  de  Gabrielle  Brevet,  similar  to  the  previous 
one,  but  the  edge  colour  less  distinct ;  Grace  Darling, 
colour  of  Catherine  .Mermei,  hut  very  small  as  seen  ; 
Joseph  Metral,  purplish-crimson.  3d,  Rev,  Allan 
Cheales. 

Six  single  trusses  of  any  H.P.— Ist,  Mr.  Gray, 
Chevening,  with  Etienne  Levet ;  equal  Ist,  W.  J. 
Grant,  Esq  ,  with  La  France.  2d,  Mr.  T.  B.  Hall, 
with  Madame  G.  Luizet ;  3 1,  Mr.  W.  Narroway, 
with  A.  K.  Williams  ;  4th,  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd,  with 
Ulrich  Brunner.     Eleven  competed. 

Six  single  trusses  of  any  Tea  or  Noisette.  —  Ist, 
E.  Claxton,  Esq  ^Madame  H.  Jamain  in  this 
stand  was  a  very  tine  bloom  ;  2d,  Rev.  F,  K.  Barn- 
side— Innocenta  Pirola  was  perhaps,  the  best  of  its 
kind  in  the  show  ;  3d,  E.  W.  Girdlestone.  Twelve 
competed. 

Open  Classes. 

Twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct,  three  trusses  of 
each.— 1st,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  Colchester,  with  Madame 
C.  Kuster,  Niphetos,  Madame  Lambard,  very  good  ; 
Madame  Bravy,  La  Biule  d'Or,  Moire,  Madame  H. 
Jamain.  2d,  Mr.  F.  Cant,  with  Madame  H.  Jamain, 
Innocenta  Pirola  as  his  best ;  3^,  Rev.  F.  P.  Roberts, 
Rectory,  Scole,  Norfolk ;  4th,  Mr.  C.  W.  Piper. 
There  were  seven  entries. 

Garden  Roses,  of  not  more  than  twenty-four  varie- 
ties.— The  prizes  fell  in  the  proper  sequence  to  the 
Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton,  J.  Sladden,  Esq.,  and  J. 
Walker.     Ten  competed. 

Twelve  bunches  Moss  or  Provence  varieties.  —  1st, 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt  ;  2d,  Messrs.  G.  Bun- 
yard  ;  3d,  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Co. 

Twelve  bunches  buttonhole  Rases,  not  less  than 
six  varieties. ^There  was  a  pretty  display  of  these, 
many  Rises  not  otherwise  regarded  as  buttonhole 
Roses  than  in  the  bud  state  competed  with  others  that 
appear  just  fitted  for  this  purpose.  1st,  Mr.  J.  Mat- 
tock ;  2d,  Messrs.  G.  Banyard  cSc  Co. 

New  Roses,  distinct,  sinsjie  trusses.  —  1st,  ^^essrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  with  the  sorts  Madame  Rawull 
Chandone,  pink  ;  Longfellow,  purple  ;  Grace  Dar- 
ling, Richard  Wilder,  scarlet ;  Ella  Gordon,  scarlet ; 
Madame  fulie  Gautien,  soft  rose.  2d,  Messrs.  Curtis, 
Sandford  &  Co.,  with  Baron  Trevet,  Souvenir  de 
Reoe  Levcque,  crimson  ;  Victor  Hugo,  dark  red  : 
Madame  Massecault,  Madame  Norman  Neruda,  and 
President  Senelar  ;  3d,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  new  Roses  brought 
out  since  18S4  -Ist,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  with  Madame  de 
Wattevide ;  3 1,  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  Madame 
Norman  Neruda. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  yellow  Rose.  — Ist, 
Mr.  W.  J.  Grant,  with  Marie  van  Houtte  ;  2J,  W. 
H.  Wakeley,  E=q.,  with  Marechal  Niel;  3!,  J. 
Walker,  E  q.  ;  4th,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant. 

Twelve  blooms  of  any  white  Roses. — Ist,  Mr.  B. 
R.  Cant,  with  Niphetos,  in  perfect  form  ;  2J,  Curtis, 
Sandford  &  Co.,  with  Merveille  de  Lyon;  3  I,  Mr. 
W.  H.  Piper  ;  4lh,  Mr.  C.  Turner— both  with  alba 
rosea,  very  delicate  and  nice-looking  blooms. 

Twelve  trusses  of  any  crimson  Rose. —Ist,  Mr.  B. 
R.  Cant,  with  A.  K.  Williams  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Cant ; 
3d,  with  the  same  kind,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  & 
Co.  ;  4'h,  Mr.  W.  II.  Wakeley,  with  Alfred  Colomb. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  dark  velvety-crim- 
son Rose.  —  1st,  Messrs.  Keynes,  WiUiams  &  Co., 
with  Reynolds  Hole,  fine  blooms  ;  2 1,  Messrs. 
Cooling  &  Son,  Bath  ;  3 1,  Mr.  G.  Prince,  with 
Xavier  Olibo ;  4th,  Mr.  B.  R,  Cant,  with  small 
blooms  of  Prince  Arthur, 


Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  Rose. — Ist,  Mr.  H. 
Bennett,  with  very  fine  specimens  of  Lady  M.  Fitz- 
wiiliam;  2 1,  Messrs.  Curiis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  with 
Ulrich  Brunner  ;  3!,  Mt.  B.  R.  Cant,  with  Souvenir 
d'Elise  Vardon ;  4th,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams 
&  Co. 

Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Co.  exhibited,  not  for  compe- 
tition, a  box  of  blooms  of  W.  A.  Richardson,  to 
show  its  adaptability  for  buttonhole  and  bouqet  uses. 

Mr.  J.  Walker,  Whitton,  showed  a  splendid  assort- 
ment of  English  Iris  in  fine  bloom. 

Messrs.  Birr  &  Son  and  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  had  a 
numerous  collection  of  hardy  plants  in  flower. 


TUNBRIDGE    WELLS    HORTICUL- 
TURAL :   July  2. 

The  exhibitions  held  here  annually  stand  in  the 
front  rank  of  those  that  take  place  south  of  the  metro- 
polis. 0.1  the  present  occasion  the  display,  with  the 
exception  of  fruit,  of  which  there  was  less  than  usual, 
was  quite  equal  to  that  of  former  years.  Stove  and 
greenhouse  plants  were  remirkably  well  shown  ;  in 
the  groups  competing  there  was  a  total  absence  of  the 
stale-flowered  examples  which,  where  present,  have 
an  adverse  influence  on  the  general  efTcct. 

SrovE  AND  Greenhouse  Flowering  Plants. 

The  collection  of  eight,  with  which  Mr.  Gibson, 
gr.  to  T.  F.  Birnaby  Atkins,  Esq.,  Halstead  Place, 
Sevenoaks,  took  Ist,  was  one  of  the  best  we  have  seen 
for  some  time.  It  contained  a  well- flowered  example  of 
Dipladenia  amabilis,  Ixora  Fraseri,  a  large  and  finely- 
bloomed  Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  Allamanda  Hen- 
derson!, profusely  flowered  ;  and  a  grand  specimen 
of  the  old  Clerodendron  fillax,  bearing  a  crowd  of 
spikes  of  its  tlaming  red  flowers,  backed  by  massive 
healthy,  foliage  Mr.  Rann,  gr.  to  J.  Warren,  Esq., 
Handcross  Park,  Crawley,  who  was  2d,  had, 
amongst  others,  one  of  the  largest  and  best  flowered 
Siatices — S.  Gilbertii — that  we  have  seen  ;  it  is  a 
high  coloured  form  of  S.  Butcheri,  marine. blue  ;  the 
specimen  presented  a  dense  sheet  of  flowers,  5  feet 
across  ;  Epacris  miniata,  in  beautiful  condition,  and 
a  large  and  well-bloomed  example  of  Azalea  Juliana  ; 
3 1,  Mr.  S.  Pope,  gr.  to  J.J.  Barrow,  Esq.,  Holm- 
wood  Park,  Tunbii.lge  Wells. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants.  —  Here  Mr.  Pope 
took  the  lead;  2d,  Mr.  Bolton,  The  Gardens,  Coombe 
Bink,  Sevenoaks,  who  staged  a  nicely  flowered  half- 
dozen. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Moor- 
house,  gr.  to  J.  W.  Temple,  Esq.,  Leyswood,  Groom- 
bridge,  who  had  a  group  of  well-managed  plants. 

Fine  foliage  Plants. 

In  the  class  for  eigh',  Mr.  Rann   had   1st  honours, 

staging   as   usual  a    fine   group  of  large  well  grown 

plants,  the  most  noteworthy  being  Croton  Evansianus, 

C.  princeps,  Phtiinix  tenuis,  and  Thrinax  elegans  ; 
Mr.  Pope,  who  was  2d,  also  had  a  fine  group  con- 
taining Alocasia  Lowii,  Croton  angustifolius,  and  C. 
variegatus,  in  the  form  of  pyramids,  over  7  feet  high, 
and  well  clothed  with  highly  coloured  foliage. 

Six  fine-foliage  plants.  —  Here  again  Mr.  Rann 
took  the  lead  with  good  specimens  in  fine  order, 
amongst  thtm  being  Crotun  picturatus,  C.  Williamsit 
— the  latter  one  of  the  best  of  the  large  leaved  kinds, 
a  beautiful  plant  of  Bonapartea  stricia  recurva  ;  2 1, 
Mr.  Moorhouse,  who  in  a  good  collection  had  Croton 
Weismanni,  Chamserops  bumilis,  and  a  splendid 
example  of  Cycas  revoluta. 

Ferns. 

Wiih  eight,  Mr.  Pope  was  Ist,  staging  a  handsome 
collection,  the  best  of  which  were  Davallia  Moore- 
ana,   Cyathea  medullaris,    Dicksonia  sqaarrosa,    and 

D.  antarctica  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bolton. 

Si.K  Ferns. 

Here  Mr.  Bolton  took  the  lead  with  fresh  nicely 
grown  plants ;  2d,  Mr.  Allen,  gr.  to  G.  H.  Field, 
Esq.,  Ashurst  Park,  also  having  good  examples. 

Hardy  Ferns  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Scammell,  gr. 
to  C.  Reily,  Esq.,  Tunbridge  Wells,  being  1st  with  a 
good  group,  the  best  of  which  were  Osmunda  gracilis 
and  Oooclea  sensibilis  ;  Mr.  Allen,  who  was  2d,  like- 
wise showed  well. 

Lycopodiums. 

As  usual  here  these  were  shown  in  beautiful  con- 
dition, 1st  honours  being  taken  by  Mr.  Scammell, 
whose  collection  included  charming  examples  of  Sela- 
ginelli  Wildenovii,  S.  Martensii  variegata,  S.  denticu- 
latua  aureua,  and  S.  ccesia ;  Mr.  Aylward,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Foster,  Boyne  House,  a  cloie  2J,  with  plants 
only  a  little  inferior. 

Pelargoniums. 

These  were  in  very  good  condition  for  so  late  in 
the  season.  Mr.  Shoebridge,  gr.  to  W.  Elwards, 
Esq.,  Fern  Bank,  Tunbridge  Wells,  and  Mr.  Vt'ilkins, 
gr.  to  F.  V.  Williams,  Esq.,  Shirley  Hall,  being  Ist 
and  2j  in  the  order  of  their  names. 


56 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(July  io,  1886. 


Six  zonah.  —  1st,   Mr.  Allen  ;  2d,  Mr.  Beilby,  gr. 
to  W.  H.  Tindall,  Esq.,  Holljsbaw. 

Fuchsias. 
With  six,  Mr.   Shoebridge  had   1st,  staging  large 
specimens  nicely  flowered  :  Mr.  Beilby,  who  was  2d, 
also  had  creditable  plants. 


Tuberous  Begonias. 
The  1st  prize  in  the  class  for  six  went  to  Mr.  Allen  ; 
2d,  Miss  Kenrick,  Rusthall. 

Groups  of  Plants  Arranged  for  Effect. 

These  are  always  well  done  here,  and  being  suffi- 
ciently numerous  to  fill  a  good  sized  tent  are  one  of 
the  leading  features  of  the  show.  Mr.  Fennell,  gr. 
to  Mrs.  Cazalet,  Fairhwn,  Tonbridge,  took  the  lead 
with  a  beautiful  arrangement,  nicely  balanced  in  both 
form  and  colour  :  2d,  Mr.  Aylward,  who  also  had  a 
nice  group;  3d,  Mr.  Waterman  ;  4th,  Mr.  Wilkins. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  forthcoming  in  nice  condition.  With 
forty-eight  Mr.  G.  W,  Piper,  Piltdown  Nurseries, 
Uckfield,  came  in  1st,  with  a  stand  containing, 
amongst  others,  some  good  blooms  of  Tea  varieties. 
Of  these  may  be  named  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac, 
Marie  van  Houtte,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  and 
Niphetos  ;  2d,  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone. 

Twenty-lour  (open).  — In  this  class  Mr.  Ridout,  gr. 
toT.  B.  Haywood,  Esq.,  Woodhatch  Lodge,  Reigate, 
had  1st,  with  good  flowers,  the  best  of  which  were 
Captain  Christy,  Marie  Finger,  Marie  Verdier,  La 
France.  Etienne  Level,  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet, 
Anna  Olivier,  and  A.  K.  Williams,  the  bloom  of  the 
last-menlioned  taking  the  National  Rose  Society's 
Silver  Medal  for  the  best  Rose  exhibited  in  the  class  ; 
2d,  Mr.  R.  E.  West,  Reigate. 

Twenty-four  Roses  (amateurs).— Here  Mr.  Ridout 
was  again  well  in  front,  with  a  good  stand,  in  which 
were  fine  flowers  of  Mrs.  Biker,  Henri  Ledechaux, 
Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Captain  Christy,  and  A.  K. 
Williams,  which  here  likewise  took  the  National  Rose 
Society's'silver  Medal  for  the  best  flower  exhibited  in 
the  amateurs'  classes  ;  2d,  Mr.  Simmons,  gr.  to  the 
Rev.  R.  C.  Hales,  Woodmancote  Rectory,  Henfield, 
with  a  nice  lot  of  flowers. 

Twelve  Roses  (amateurs).— 1st,  Mr.  Ridout,  whose 
best  blooms  here  were  Countess  of  Oxford,  Lidy 
Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Maidchal  Niel,  and  A.  K. 
Williams  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Warde,  West  Farleigh. 

Twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes.  —  1st,  Mr.  Ridout, 
with  beautiful  flowers,  remarkable  amongst  which 
were  Catherine  Mermet,  Souvenir  de  Paul  Neron, 
Madame  Charles,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  and 
Madame  Cusin  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Warde. 

Six  Roses. — 1st,  Mr.  Simmons ;  2d,  Mr.  Shoe- 
smith,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  Canon  Hodgson.  Saltwood 
Rectory,  Hythe. 

Eighteen  varieties  of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers. 
1st,  Mr.  Moorhouse,  who  had  a  beautiful  collec- 
tion,'principally  Orchids,  of  which  may  be  men- 
tioned La;lia  purpurata,  Dendrobium  suavissimum, 
D.  chrysotoxum,  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  C.  Mendelii, 
C.  Mossire.  and  several  varieties  of  Odontoglossum  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  A.  H.  Btassey,  Esq., 
Preston  Hall,  Aylesford. 

Table  Decorations,  Bouquets,  &c. 
These  are  always  well  represented  at  Tunbridge 
Wells,  both  as  regards  numbers  and  elegance  of 
arrangement.  With  three  stands,  Mr.  Hatton,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Swanzy,  The  Quarry,  Sevenoaks,  took  1st, 
having  the  best  arrangement  of  the  kind  we  have  seen 
for  some  time  ;  2d,  Mr.  Searing,  Oak  Lodge,  Seven- 
Single  stand.— 1st,  Mr.  Bishop,  gr.  to  F.  Peake, 
Esq.,  The  Waldrons,  Croydon,  with  a  nicely-arranged 
exhibit ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  R.  Chard,  Clapham. 

Stand  of  wild  flowers.  — 1st,  Mrs.  Fennell  ;  2d, 
Miss  Edith  Jenner,  Golden  Green. 

Bride's  bouquet.  — 1st,  Mr.  Chard  ;  2d,  Mrs.  Bishop, 
Croydon. 
Ball  bouquet.— 1st,  Mr.  Chard ;  2d,  Mr.  Bishop. 

Fruit 
was  less  plentiful  than  usual  here,  and  of  a  mixed 
character  in  the  matter  of  quality.  In  the  collection 
the  mistake  is  made  of  no  limit  being  put  as  to  the 
number  of  dishes,  the  result  being  that  a  good  many 
are  introduced  which  are  no  improvement  either  in 
appearance  or  reality.  Mr.  Waterman  took  1st,  his 
best  dishes  being  Black  Hamburgh  and  Buckland 
Sweetwater  Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  and  Figs  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Hopgood,  gr.  to  Sir  Julian  Goldsmid,  Somer- 
hill,  Tonbridge. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes.  — 1st,  Mr.  Hop- 
good,  who  had  well  coloured  examples  of  Black 
Hamburgh,  a  little  loose  in  the  bunch  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Moorhouse,  with  larger  bunches  not  so  well  finished. 

Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes.— 1st,  Mr.  Harvey, 
gr.  to  C.  L.  Huggins,  Esq.,  Warlingham,  with 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,   nicely  coloured  for  so  early 


in   the    season ;    2d,    Mr.    Moorhouse,    with   good 
examples  of  Foster's  Seedling. 

Dish  of  Nectarines. — 1st,  Mr.  Moorhouse,  with  fine 
fruit  of  Lord  Napier  ;  2d,  Mr.  Allen,  with  Violette 
Hative. 

Dish  of  Peaches.  — 1st,  Mr.  Bolton  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hop- 
kins, The  Gardens,  High  Cross,  Framfield. 

Melon  —  ist,  Mr.  Searing,  gr.  to  A.  Monkton, 
E'q.,  Sevenoaks  j  2d,  Mr.  Grossman. 

Strawberries. — Ist,  Mr.  Scaramell,  who  had  a  fine 
dish  of  Sir  Joseph  Paxton  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  Amies,  Maid- 
stone, with  James  Veitch. 

Cherries. — 1st,  Mr.  Hopgood,  with  a  beautiful  dish 
of  Black  Tartarian  ;  2d,  Mr.  Waterman,  with  Frog- 
more  Early. 

Miscellaneous. 

A  large  and  effective  group  of  miscellaneous  flower- 
ing and  fine-leaved  plants  and  Ferns  was  contributed, 
not  for  competition,  by  Mr.  Coleman,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Arthur  Pott,  Bentham  Hill,  which  received  a  well 
merited  High  Commendation,  From  Mr.  A.  H, 
Webber,  nurseryman,  Tunbridge  Wells,  came  a  group 
of  Ferns,  very  well  put  together. 


TORQUAY     HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY'S  ROSE  SHOW. 

The  above  exhibition  was  held  on  June  30  and 
July  I,  in  the  Winter  Gardens,  Torquay.  There  was 
a  very  fine  lot  of  Roses,  all  the  classes  well  contested, 
but  the  high  temperature  of  the  building  soon  caused 
the  flowers  to  expand  after  uncovering  so  that  really 
the  cut  Roses  on  the  second  day  could  not  have  been 
very  attractive.  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  cS:  Co.  took 
the  lead  in  the  principal  classes,  Messrs.  Cranston  & 
Co.,  of  Hereford,  and  Cooling  &  Son,  of  Bath,  also 
showing  in  good  form. 

For  twelve  new  Roses  of  1885  and  1886,  and  for 
six  blooms  of  any  new  Rose  of  1885,  Messrs.  Curtis, 
Sandford  &  Co    took  1st  in  each. 

For  twelve  blooms,  any  one  variety,  Messrs.  Curtis, 
Sandford  &  Co.  were  Ist,  with  a  fine  lot  of  Merveille 
de  Lyon  ;  Messrs.  Cranston  &  Co.  and  Cooling  &  Son 
2d  and  3d  respectively,  each  with  Madame  G.  Luizet. 
For  seventy-two  distinct  single  trusses  Messrs. 
Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  were  well  to  the  front  with 
good  blooms,  their  best  blooms  being  Ulrich  Brunner, 
a  very  fine,  broad-petalled  Rose  ;  Beauty  of  Waltham, 
Lady  M.  Fitzwilliam,  Eugenie  Verdier,  Horace 
Vernet,  Etienne  Levet,  Marechal  Niel,  Madame 
Lacharme,  Mons.  Noman,  M.  Vailant,  A.  K. 
Williams,  and  Dupuy  Jamain  ;  Messrs.  Cranston  & 
Co.  were  in  capital  form  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  R.  Beachey, 
of  Kingskerswell. 

For  forty-eight  distinct  single  trusses,  Messrs. 
Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.  again  were  placed  1st,  with  a 
very  beautiful  fresh  lot  of  Roses,  A.  K.  Williams,  A. 
Colomb,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Merveille  de  Lyon  and  Marie 
Rady  being  the  best  in  their  collection ;  Messrs. 
Cranston  &  Co.,  2d,  and  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Son, 
Bath,  3d. 

For  thirty-six  varieties  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  & 
Co.  again  took  Ist  honours— a  grand  specimen  of 
Ulrich  Brunner  was  shown  in  this  stand  ;  2d,  Cranston 
&  Co.  ^      •     o 

For  twenty-four  distinct  single  trusses.- Curlis  & 
Sandford,  1st  ;  Cranston  &  Co.,  2d  ;  Mr.  W.  R. 
Beachy,  3d. 

For  twelve  Teas  and  Noisettes. — Messrs.  Cooling 
&  Son  took  the  lead  with  a  very  nice  lot  of  blooms 
indeed.  The  best  blooms  in  their  stand  being  Eioile 
du  Lyon,  Clothilde,  Marechal  Niel,  Madame 
Margottin.  Alba  rosea,  David  Pradel,  and  Perle  des 
lardins;  Capt.  Christy,  Sidmouth,  2d,  and  Cranston 
■&  Co.,  3d. 

Amateur  Classes. 
For  forty-eight  varieties,  distinct,  single  trusses.— 
1st,  Mr.  Medland,  gr.  to  Moreton  Sparks,  Esq., 
Rooklands,  Torquay;  2d,  Capt.  Christy  (gr.,  Mr. 
Evans),  Sidmouth  ;  3d,  Mr.  Marsh,  gr.  to  Sir  J.  G. 
Freake,  Warfleet,  Dartmouth. 

For  twelve  trebles.— ist,  Mr.  Teed,  gr.  to  Mr«. 
Ensor,  The  Bungalow,  Exeter ;  2d,  Mr.  Medland  ; 
3d,  Mr.  F.  H.  Plumptree. 

For  twenty-four  varieties,  distinct.— 1st,  Mr.  Med- 
land ;  2d,  Mr.  Cole,  gr.  to  W.  B,  Fortescue,  Esq., 
Octon,  Torquay  ;  3d,  Capt.  Fane  Tucker. 

Twelve  varieties,  single  trusses.  — Ist,  Mr.  Teed  ; 
2d,  Mr.  H.  Dammerell,  gr.  to  Lady  Macgregor  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Medland. 

For  six  varieties,  single  trusses. — Ist,  Mr.  Teed  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Medland  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Dammerell. 

Twelve  blooms,  one  variety.  —  Ist,  Capt.  Christy; 
2d,  Mr.  F.  H.  Plumptre. 

Table  decorations,  centrepiece.— Ist,  Miss  Florence 
Morris,  Torquay,  with  a  very  pretty  and  simple 
arrangement ;  2d,  Mrs.  Seaman. 

Twelve  stove  plants,  distinct.  — Ist,  Miss  Lock  ; 
2d,  Mr.  F.  Ferres,  gr.  to  J.  W.  Kimber,  Esq.  ;  3d, 
Captain  Fane  Tucker. 

Six  stove  plants.— 1st,  Captain  Tucker ;  2d,  Mr. 
H.  Dammerell. 


Three  stove  plants.— 2d,  Captain  Tucker.  "^  No 
1st  awarded. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — 2d,  Mr.  Cole  ; 
extra  prize,  Ciptain  Fane  Tucker. 

Six  Coleus,  distinct.— 2d,  Mr.  H.  Dammerell. 

Six  greenhouse  plants.  — ist.  Miss  Lock;  2i,  Mr. 
H.  Dammerell. 

Six  exotic  Ferns. — The^e  were  all  excellent,  and 
a  good  competition  ;  Isl,  Miss  Lock  ;  2I,  Mr.  Cole. 

Six  Begonias.— 1st,  Mr.  Ferris,  with  a  very  beau- 
tiful lot,  some  very  choice  doubles  being  included, 
White  Lady,  Perfection,  and  Sulphur  Queen  being 
eipecially  good  of  the  latter  kind  ;  2d,  Miss  Lock. 

Four  Orchids.  — 1st,  Mr.  G.  Lee,  gr.  to  W.  Laveis, 
Esq.,  having  good  specimens  each  of  Odontoglos- 
sum vexillarium,  Cypripedium  barbatum,  Anguloa 
Clowesii,  Cattleya  Mossise  ;  2d,  Mr.  Medland,  who 
has  always  taken  the  lead  with  Orchids  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood up  to  the  present  time. 

Specimen  Orchid.— 1st,  Mr.  Lee,  with  a  nice 
piece  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  ;  2d,  Mr.  Medland, 
with  Thunia  alba. 

Fruit, 

Collection  of  six  distinct  kinds.— 1st,  Mr.  Cole, 
with  good  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  good  Royal 
George  Peaches,  Lord  Napier  Nectarine,  Golden 
Perfection  Melon,  and  Sir  Joseph  Paxton  Strawberries, 
fine. 

Three  bunches  black  Grapes.— Ist,  Mr.  Cole,  with 
Black  Hamburgh  ;  2d,  Miss  Lock. 

Three  bunches  white  Grapes. — ist.  Miss  Lock. 

In  the  classes  for  six  Peaches  and  six  Nectarines, 
Mr.  Cole  took  1st,  with  nice  fruit. 

For  white  and  red  Currants  Mr.  Plumptre  took 
1st  prize. 

Six  kinds  of  vegetables.— Ist,  Mr.  Cole. 

Special  Prizes. 

For  twelve  Begonias. — Ist,  Mr.  W.  R.  Beachy, 
with  a  capital  lot,  good  varieties,  and  well  grown. 

Miscellaneous  groups  of  plants. — Ist,  Miss  Lock  ; 
2d,  Mr.  H.  Dammerell  ;  3d,  Captain  Fane  Tucker. 

Cut  flowers,  twelve  bunches. — ist,  Mrs.  Teed  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Medland. 

The  local  nurserymen  contributed  large  collections 
of  plants  and  cut  flowers.  Messrs.  Veitch,  of  Exeier, 
showed  a  fine  group  of  Japanese  Maples,  and  a  col- 
lection of  choice  Orchids,  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  with  an  abundance  of  cut  blooms  of  herbaceous 
and  other  flowers,  among  them  being  Paeonies,  very 
showy  i  Gladiolus,  of  The  Bride  or  Colville  section, 
some  very  beautiful  and  attractive  varieties  were 
shown,  especially  the  Blushing  Bride.  Delicatissimus 
ramosus,  Giant  Red,  and  Prince  Albert,  Delphin- 
iums, Pieonies,  and  some  excellent  boxes  of  Roses. 
They  had  some  very  fine  examples  of  Sir  Joseph 
Paxton,  Vicomtesse  Hericart  de  Thury,  and  President 
Strawberries,  and  an  early  large  Marrow  Pea.  which 
obtained  a  Certificate.  Some  beautiful  Sarracenia 
Chelsoni  x  and  purpurea  were  very  good,  together 
with  a  nice  collection  of  double  Begonias,  and  a  very 
effective  group  was  made. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  were  strong  in  cut 
blooms,  especially  of  Niphetos  Roses,  excellent  boxes 
of  Pansies,  plants  of  Pelargoniums,  Paeonies,  and 
Orchids  in  great  variety,  &c. 

Messrs.  Smale,  Barton  Nurseries,  put  up  a  large 
collection  of  decorative  plants  ;  also  Messrs.  Phillips 
&  Co.  ;  Mr.  W.  Mitchell  ;  Messrs.  Horn  &  Son, 
Mary  Church,  Torquay ;  Mr.  W.  H.  Burridge, 
Paignton,  and  Mr.  W.  R.  Beechey,  Kingskerswell. 

Mr.  Medland  put  up  a  nice  group  of  several 
dozen  Orchids  in  bloom,  which  were  a  very  attractive 
feature  of  the  exhibition. 


SHEPPERTON    HORTICULTURAL: 
July  I. 

Held  in  beautiful  weather,  and  in  the  charming 
Thames  riverside  grounds  of  Manor  House,  Shepper- 
ton,  the  residence  of  Mr=.  W.  A.  Lindsay,  on  the 
above  day,  a  very  succeessful  show  resulted,  although 
in  so  secluded  a  corner  of  Middlesex  it  was  a  matter 
for  wonder  whence  the  people  were  to  come  from  to 
make  a  financial  success  also.  Disposed  under 
gigantic  overhanging  Elms,  the  tents  were  small  but 
numerous,  thus  scaitering  the  exhibits,  and  permitting 
no  good  general  effect  to  be  obtained. 

Plants. 
Of  these,  the  best  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
came  from  Mr.  Reeves,  gr.  to  W.  Hewett,  Esq.,  Oat- 
lands  Park,  who  had  a  good  specimen  of  the  bearded 
Orchid,  Brassia  Wrayse,  also  fair  Statice  profusa. 
Plumbago  capensis,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum.  and 
Tabernsemontana  coronaria  flore-pleno;  Mr.  Child, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Slade,  Claygate,  Surrey,  was  2d  best.  Mr. 
Reeves  also  had  the  best  foliage  plants  in  good  Croton 
majesticus,  Pandanus  Veitchii,  and  Caladium  Prince 
Albert,  &c.  Mr.  Reed,  gr.  to  E.  Pettitt,  Esq.,Oatlands 
Park,  had  in  his  lot  a  capitally  coloured  Acalypha. 
Ferns  were  plentiful,  Mr.  Reed  haviug  the  best  six. 


July  lo,  1886,) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


57 


whilst  the  best  six  Adiantums  came  from  Mr.  Barrow, 
gr.  to  the  Rev.  A.  Brandon,  Chertsey,  who  had  fine 
yormosum  cuneatum  gracillimum,  and,  with  others,  a 
good  plant  of  A.  Sanctal  Catharine,  having  broad 
pinnte,  a  very  handsome  kind.  Coleuses  were  in 
strong  force,  the  best  well  grown  and  coloured  pyra- 
mids coming  from  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Colonel 
Tilbnt,  Esher.  The  best  kinds  were  Princess  Royal, 
Sunset,  and  Miss  Rosina.  Mr.  J.  Batt,  gr.  to  II.  W. 
Cuthbert,  Esq.,  Charlton,  was  2ci,  also  with  good 
coloured  pyramids.  Mr.  Wiggins,  gr.  to  W.  Clay, 
Esq.,  Kingston,  had  the  best  six  show  Pelargoniums, 
small,  but  very  fresh,  well-bloomed  plants  ;  as 
al.so  a  good  showy  group  of  seedling  plants  in 
bloom.  Zonals  were  largely  shown,  the  best 
doubles— really  fine  well-bloomed  plants— coming 
from  Mr.  Waile,  and  included  Mrs.  Leavers,  Madame 
Pomerii,  Colonel  Pomerii,  Double  Perfection,  and 
C.  H.  Phayer.  Mr.  Waite  had  also  the  best  singles, 
large  well  (lowered  plants,  in  John  Gibbins,  Blanche 
Gordon.  Miss  Stockham,  &c.  ;  Mr.  Reeves  being  2d, 
also  with  good  plants. 

Mr.  Child  had  the  best  Begonias  in  Helelia,  Boule 
de  Neige,  Mr.  A.  Slade,  and  others,  richly  bloomed  : 
and  the  2d  best  lot,  good  compact  plants,  came  from 
Mr.  Thorne,  gr.  to  A.  E.  Flood,  Esq.,  Walton-on- 
Thames. 

Gloxinias  were  largely  shown,  and  generally  good, 
the  best  dozen  really  good  plants,  grandly  flowered, 
coming  from  Mr.  Bradley,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Walker, 
Shepperton,  and  Mr.  Beaver  the  best  half-dozen. 

Fuchsias  were  in  capital  form,  the  best  pyramids, 
in  excellent  bloom,  coming  /rom  Mr.  Reeves,  and 
there  were  in  the  groups  good  specimens  of  Lord 
Beaconsfield,  Wave  of  Life,  Mrs.  Marshall,  Gustave 
Dore,  and  Alba  coccinea. 

The  only  lot  of  six  Orchids  came  from  Messrs. 
Jackson  &  Son,  Kingston,  and  included  some  good 
pieces  of  Dendiobium  suavissimum,  Cattleya  Mossise, 
Cypripedium  barbatum,  C.  grandiflorum,  &c.  This 
firm  also  showed  a  capital  group  of  their  Ericas,  and 
other  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. 

The  usual  decorative  groups  were  not  a  strong 
feature.  Mr.  Sutton,  gr.  to  J.  S.  Sissoon,  Esq., 
Walton,  came  1st,  Mr.  Reeves  2d,  and  Mr.  Reed  3d, 
with  combinations  ol  the  usual  order. 

Roses. 

These,  in  the  form  of  cut  flowers,  were  in  strong 
force,  the  open  forty-eight  singles  bringing  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  from  Colchester  with  a  full  lot  of  blooms  ;  Mr. 
C.  Turner,  of  Slough,  coming  next.  Messrs.  G.  Bun- 
yard  (Maidstone),  and  Fletcher  (Atherstone),  also 
being  compeliiors.  The  flowers  shown  included 
many  of  the  best  known  kinds. 

Mr.  Warwick,  gr.  to  II.  Kitchen,  Esq.,  Hampton, 
had  the  best  twenty-four  blooms,  and  also  the  best 
twelve,  all  very  fresh. 

In  the  class  for  six  blooms  of  one  kind  fifteen  lots 
were  staged,  the  old  H.P.  General  Jacqueminot 
coming  1st,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam  2d — the  former 
from  Mr.  Warwick,  and  the  latter  from  Mr.  Bennelt,  of 
Cobham. 

Mr.  E.  Bennett,  Shepperton,  staged  a  fine  box  of 
his  Lady  Mary  Filzwilliam,  as  fine  a  lot  as  we  have 
seen,  all  grand  flowers.  Mr.  W.  Tayler,  Hampton, 
also  staged  good  cut  Roses. 

Fruits 
were  moderate,  the  best  three  bunches  of  Black 
Hambutghs  coming  from  Mr.  Osman,  gr.  to  L.  T. 
Baker,  Esq.,  Chertsey  ;  Mr.  Waite  having  the 
second  best.  The  former  exhibitor  was  also  1st  wiih 
whites,  having  very  good  Buckland  Sweetwater  ;  and 
Mr.  Reed  followed  with  Foster's  Seedling.  Royal 
George  was  the  best  Peach  shown,  and  President,  a 
really  grand  sample,  from  Mr.  Briggs,  gr.  lo  the  Rev. 
H.  Vigne,  Sunbury,  the  best  Strawtaerry.  James 
Veitch  and  Sir  Toseph  Paxton  were  also  good. 
William  Tlllery  was  the  best  Melon,  and  the  best 
Cucumbers  handsome  samples  of  Blue  Gown,  shown 
by  Mr.  Merrick,  gr.  to  A.  Stearns,  Esq.,  Hallefotd  ; 
and  Tender  and  True  from  Mr.  Waite,  who  also  had 
the  best  Tomato.  This  exhibitor  also,  in  good  com- 
petitions, took  1st  prize  in  two  separate  classes  for 
the  best  lot  of  twelve  kinds  of  vegetables  in  baskets^ 
both  very  fine  collections,  showing  high  merit.  In 
one  class  Mr.  Batt  took  2d  place,  and  in  the  other 
Mr.  Child. 

Bouquets  were  plentiful,  but  chiefly  amateurish, 
solid,  and  heavy. 

Dinner-table  decorations  were  more  varied,  and  in 
several  instances  very  pleasing,  no  less  than  seventeen 
tables  being  dressed  with  large  and  lesser  stands  in 
all  sorts  of  fashions.  The  ladies  who  awarded  the 
prizes  seemed  to  prefer  heavy  dressing,  the  1st  prize 
going  to  a  composition  of  cream  and  pink  Roses  with 
Maidenhair  Ferns  arranged  by  Miss  A.  Lucas,  of 
Halleford  ;  Miss  Alice  Lendy,  of  Sunbury,  coming 
2d,  with  a  lighter  combination  of  Dog  Roses,  creamy 
flowers  in  variety,  grasses  and  Ferns,  but  still  too 
much  of  it.  One  table  dressed  with  simple  wild 
flowers,    scarlet    Poppies,    Ox-eye    Daisies,    yellow 


Cornflowers,  and  blue  Cornbottle,  with  grasses,  was 
both  elegant  and  pleasing,  in  spite  of  the  combina- 
tion of  somewhat  striking  colours. 


COTTAGERS'    SHOW,    LIVERPOOL; 

July  3. 

Compared  with  the  other  departments  of  the 
Royal,  at  Liverrool,  the  cottagers'  display  was  a  poor 
one  indeed.  Doutitless  the  earliness  of  the  season 
had  something  to  do  with  it,  combined  with  the  fact 
that  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  show  there  are  no 
true  cottage  gardens,  these  being  situated  some  6  or 
7  miles  distant,  in  Cheshire.  Some  nice  bunches  of 
annuals  were  exhibited  — pretty  and  showy. 

The  class  for  three  window  plants  was  only  repre- 
sented by  two  exhibitors,  who  showed  typical  speci- 
mens of  subjects  that  are,  as  a  rule,  so  well  dotie  by 
cottage  gardeners,  one  lot,  the  Ist  prize,  containing 
an  exceedingly  well-flowered  double  Ivy-leaved 
Pelargonium.  What  a  fine  subject  for  window  culture 
is  the  double  Ivy-leaved  Pehrgonium.  The  2d  prize 
lot  had  a  nice  plant  of  Kalosanthes  coccinea,  bright 
and  good.  A  well  flowered  Bpgonia  was  also  notice- 
able. Fuchsias  were  fairly  represented  in  the 
varieties  Avalanche  and  Mrs.  Lye. 

The  only  class  in  which  any  approach  to  compe- 
tition was  made  was  that  in  a  bunch  of  cut  flowers, 
the  1st  prize  being  awarded  to  a  nice  little  posy, 
admirably  arranged,  to  Harry  Mercer,  Higher  Bching- 
ton,  Cheshire.  Charming  buds  of  Gloire  de  Dijon 
and  other  Roses,  sweet  Carnations,  pretty  blue 
Forget  me-Nots  and  nice  sprays  of  Spiraeas  tastefully 
peeping  out,  made  up  a  charming  yet  simple  combina- 
tion ;  the  fault  wiih  most  being  that  they  were 
lumpy — one  indeed  that  was  disqualified,  but  which 
was  awarded  an  extra  prize,  being  a  veritable  ball  of 
flowers.  This  is  a  matter  in  which  our  cottagers 
need  some  training— taste  in  arrangement,  which  is 
half  the  battle  in  a  competitive  display. 

Vegetables  call  for  no  special  comment — Potatos, 
owing,  doubtless,  to  the  earliness  of  the  season,  being 
very  small.  Cabbages  were  pretty  fairly  shown.  A 
nice  collection  of  sweet  and  pot  herbs  was  also  on 
view.  A  curiosity  was  a  bunch  of  five  medium-sized 
Cucumbers  (Telegraph)  on  a  shoot  or  stem  of  some 
6  or  9  inches  long ;  originally  it  had  produced 
six,  one  being  removed.  This  was  awarded  an  extra 
prize,  and  was  exhibited  by  a  shoemaker,  James 
Norris,  Liverpool  Road,  Formby. 


RICHMOND  SHOW:  July  7. 

The  show  was  held  in  the  customary  place — the 
old  Deer  Park — three  large  marquees,  together  with 
a  few  smaller  tents,  being  there  erected  to  hold  the 
exhibits.  These  were  numerous,  and  generally  of 
good  quality,  with  the  exception  of  some  of  the  fruits 
— as  Pines  and  Grapes— Peaches,  Strawberries,  and 
vegetables  being  very  fine,  the  cottagers'  exhibits 
especially  so.  Palms  and  other  foliage  plants,  F-erns 
and  the  groups  of  plants  ranged  for  effect  in  the 
largest  marquee,  the  Roses  and  table  decorations,  the 
latter  being  encouraged  by  special  prizes  olTered  by 
(he  members  of  the  Royal  Family  resident  in  the 
neighbourhood  and  by  others,  had  brought  together  a 
considerable  amount  of  competition. 

Some  very  beautiful  Roses  in  pots  and  as  cut 
blooms  were  shown  by  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons, 
which  were  not  excelled  by  any  at  the  National  Rose 
Society's  .show  at  Kensington. 

Space  does  not  allow  of  a  full  list  of  awards  being 
given,  but  only  the  names  of  the  Ist  prize-takers  in 
the  prominent  classes. 

Groups  of  plants  arranged   for  effect,    100  square 

feet, Messrs.    Hooper    &    Co.,    Twickenham    and 

Covent  Garden,  were  here  the  winner  of  the  1st  prize, 
the  Lilium  auratum,  Petunia  Empress,  Croton  Morti, 
forming  some  of  the  most  attractive  plants  in  a  very 
pleasing  arrangement. 

Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — Messr'-.  T. 
Jackson  &  Sm,  Kingston,  won  the  Ist  prize  with  well 
bloomed  Ericas,  Rondeletia,  Pimelea,  &c.,  each  plant 
being  excellent  in  its  way. 

Mr.  F.  J.  Hill,  gr.  to  H.  Little,  Esq.,  Twicken- 
ham, took  1st  prize  for  Pelargoniums. 

Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son  were  1st  for  six  exotic 
Orchids,  having  well  bloomed  examples,  Cattleyas 
of  various  species,  Aerides  rosea,  Odontoglossum 
vexiUarium  roseum,  and  Saccolabium  Blumei,  &c.  ; 
Messrs.  F.  J.  Hill  and  Mr.  H.  James  taking  respec- 
tively 2d  and  3d  prizes. 

Mr.  Munro,  gr.  to  E.  D.  Paul,  Esq.,  Twicken- 
ham, took  the  prize  for  eight  Ferns,  well  grown, 
handsome  plants. 

Mr.  f.  Dorset,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Welch,  Westcroff, 
Kingston,  came  in  1st  for  nine  capital  Fuchsias  of 
medium  exhibition  size. 

Pelargoniums  of  the  zonal  type  were  in  great 
numbers,  and  were  generally  well  done,  the  winner 
of  the  1st  prize  being  Mr.  Sallow,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Flack. 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.  took  the  Ist  prize  for  a 
group  of  foliage    plants  (six),  healthy,  well    grown 


specimens,  of  a  useful  size,  the  rare  Kentia  Lucyana 
being  one  of  them. 

In  the  open  Rose  competition  Messrs.  Pau  &  Son, 
the  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  took  the  Ist  prize  for 
thirty-six  triplets. 

In  the  amateurs'  classes  for  twenty-four  blooms, 
single  trusses,  the  prizes  fell  respectively  to  Mr. 
Warwick,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Kitchen.  E-q  ,  Hampton  ; 
Mr.  R  E.  West,  Reigate  ;  and  Mr.  Fanning,  gr.  to 
W.  Clarke,  Esq.,  Roehampton. 

For  twelve  blooms,  Mr.  West  and  Mr.  Warwick 
were  Ist  and  2d. 

Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  had  a  capital 
non-competing  group  of  "  picture  trees  and  shrulis," 
amongst  them  being  the  golden  and  silver  Horse 
Chestnuts,  Cornus  aurea  elegintissima,  Sambucus 
nigra  aurea,  (Juercus  nigra  rubra,  Q.  Mirbecki,  Q. 
argentea  picta,  Cerasus  elegantissima,  a  very  pretty 
silvery  variegation. 

Fruit. 

Mr.  J.  Coombes,  gr..  Sheen  House,  took  Ist  prize 
for  Black  Hamburghs  ;  Mr.  W.  Bites,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Meek,  Po*let  Lodge,  was  Ist  for  Foster's  Seedling; 
Mr.  O.  Hickle,  gr.  to  W.  Cunard,  Esq.,  Twicken- 
ham, took  the  Ist  prize  for  a  small  Queen  Pine  ;  Mr. 
E.  Lake  was  ist  for  a  dish  of  Peaches  of  much  merit  ; 
and  Mr.  O.  Hickle  for  Nectarines.  Mr.  Croker,  gr. 
to  W.  Reynolds,  Esq.,  Isleworth,  was  1st  for  two 
dishes  of  Strawberries— good  fruit  of  President  and 
Sir  J.  Paxton.  For  a  collection  of  six  dishes  of  fruit 
Mr.  H.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  P.  T.  Rose,  Bart., 
Raynors,  Penn,  Bucks,  was  1st,  his  Melons,  Peaches, 
Figs  and  Grapes  being  very  good.  A  good  many 
bunches  of  Grapes  were  shown,  but  nothing  was 
above  ordinaiy  form,  Mr.  T.  Osman  being  winner 
with  both  black  and  white  varieties  ;  Mr.  Cakebread 
was  2d  for  white  soits. 

Vegetables. 

Cucumbers  were  in  abundance,  and  were  of  great 
excellence,  Mr.  Fillsell,  gr.  to  T.  R.  Greaves,  Esq., 
Twickenham,  taking  Ist  prize. 

In  the  ama'eur  diss  Mr.  Stroud,  of  the  Police  Or- 
phanage. Twickenham,  took  the  i>t  prize  for  a 
collection  of  vegetables  of  fairly  good  quality,^  the 
C  lul  flowers  bein^  the  weakest  point.  Mr.  C.  J. 
W^ile,  gr.  to  Colonel  W.  P.  Taltjot,  Esher,  was  Ist 
in  the  open  class,  most  of  his  vegetables  being  of  good 
quality,  especially  so  the  Tomatos,  Artichokes,  Broad 
Brians,  and  Peas. 

The  local  exhibitors  came  out  very  strongly  in  the 
vegetable  classes,  and  the  competition  was  conse- 
quently of  a  keen  character. 

Dinner-table  decorations,  bouquets,  sprays,  and 
cut  flowers  generally,  were  in  great  quantities,  the 
special  and  other  prizes  being  well  competed  for. 


TWICKENHAM    HORTICULTURAL: 
June  28. 

Through  the  action  of  a  neighbouring  society  in 
appropriating  the  date  usually  occupied  for  the 
summer  show  at  Twickenham,  this  exhibition  had 
to  be  brought  forward  a  week,  and  thus  to  some  ex- 
tent in  a  late  season  suffered.  Still  farther,  shows  in 
two  adjoining  parishes  on  the  two  following  days  pre- 
sented o'lslacles  to  many  exhibitors.  Asa  result  the 
classes  were  generally  thinly  filled,  and  the  show  as  a 
whole  was  not  up  to  its  usual  mark.  In  one  respect, 
however,  some  compensation  was  made,  as  the  grand 
groups  of  cut  flowers  from  Mr.  Walker,  of  Whitton 
and  Mr.  W.  Poupart,  of  Twickenham,  demonstrated. 
Mr.  Walker  puts  up  always  the  finest  Daffodils, 
and  in  the  same  way  his  Pofonies.  Irises,  both 
English  and  Spanish  in  great  and  beautiful  variety, 
and  rich  orange  and  yellow  examples  ol  Papaver  nudi- 
caule,  were  fresh  and  exceedingly  beautiful.  Mr. 
Poupart  showed  Psonies  and  Irises,  also  moss  and 
other  Roses,  crimson  and  various  coloured  Carna 
lions.  Sweet  Peas,  in  several  striking  colours,  &c. 
Of  general  plant  groups  there  were  sent  by  Messrs. 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  a  lovely  lot  of  dwarf  Roses 
in  pots,  wonderfully  fresh  and  striking,  neatly  mar- 
gined with  the  telling  variegated  Eurya  latifolia. 
From  Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son,  Kingston,  came_  a 
charming  group  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  in- 
cluding good  Ericas,  Ixoras,  Pimeleas,  and  numerous 
good  Orchids.  Mr.  W.  Gordon,  of  Twickenham, 
sent  a  capital  lot  of  plants  that  included  many  good 
forms  of  Odontoglossum  Alexandra,  also  Tuberoses, 
and  Liliums.  Mr.  R.  Liing,  Twickenham,  had  a 
pretty  group  of  decorative  plants,  with,  standing  out 
from  them,  some  wondrously  flowered  Tuberoses. 
Mr.  Wiggins,  gr.  to  W.  Clay,  Esq.,  Kingston,  sent  a 
very  eft'ective  group  of  seedling  \arge- flowered  and 
golden  tricolor  Pelargoniums,  which  were  greatly 
admired.  Mr.  Henry  Little,  Twickenham,  showed  a 
fine  lot  of  Orchids,  including  many  fine  Cattleyas  ;  and 
from  Mr.  W.  Tayler,  Hampton,  came  baskets  of 
Captain  Christy  and  Lady  Mary  Filzwilliam  Roses, 
with  a  good  lot  of  other  blooms,  including  the  pretty 
single-flowered  rugosa.  Mr.  Bray,  of  Richmond, 
had  two  handsome  bouquets  of  Roses,  one  white  the 


58 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  io,  1886. 


other  pink  and  crimson,  with  ribbon  trimmings  to 
match, 

Dicoralive  Groufts. — In  the  open  class  the  finest  of 
these  was  sent  up  by  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  in  that 
firm's  superb  style.  Petunia  Empress,  a  lovely  soft 
tint,  and  grand  Gloxinias,  were  prominent  features  in 
a  faultless  arrangement,  Mr,  Filsell,  gr.  to  Mr. 
Greaves,  next  followed,  with  a  neat  arrangement. 
In  the  smaller  groups  the  best,  a  very  bright  coloured 
affair,  neatly  arranged,  came  from  Mr.  Buckland, 
gr.  to  G.  J.  Atkins,  Esq.,  Twickenham  ;  Mr.  Bates, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Meek,  Poulett  Lodge,  Twickenham,  in 
whose  charming  grounds  the  show  was  held,  took 
1st  place  with  six  plants  in  flower,  having  really 
capital  examples  of  AUamanda  Hendersoni,  Cleroden- 
dron  Balfourianum,  BougaioviUea  glabra.  Plumbago 
capensis,  Sobralia  macrantha,  and  the  pretty  white 
Trachelospermum.  Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son  were 
2d,  having  good  Franciscea  calycina  major,  Boronia 
elatior,  and  Darwinia  fuchsioides,  &c.  The  only  lot 
of  large-flowered  Pelargoniums  came  from  Mr.  Hill, 
gr.  to  H.  Little,  Esq.,  tine  plants  of  Delicatum  and 
Nelly  Fordham  (fancies),  and  Thebais  formosa,  &c., 
large  flowered. 

Gloxinias  were  good,  especially  the  six  plants  from 
Mr.  C.  Garrod,  gr.  to  J.  R,  Tisdale,  Esq.,  dwarf, 
finely  flowered,  and  admirably  grown  ;  Mr.  Parson, 
gr.  to  T.  Twining,  Esq.,  had  the  2d  best  lot,  really 
good  plants  also  ;  and  the  only  lot  of  Begonias  in 
bloom,  small  but  admirably  flowered. 

Fruit  was  moderately  represented,  the  best  Black 
Grapes,  really  good  Madresfield  Court,  superbly 
finished,  coming  from  Mr.  Thomson,  gr.  to  lilessrs. 
Wells,  of  Hounslow ;  Mr.  Parsons-  coming  next 
with  good  Hamburghs ;  the  best  whites  were 
good  Foster's  Seedling,  from  Mr.  O.  Hickle, 
gr.  to  W.  Cunard,  Esq.,  Orleans  House  ; 
and  Mr.  Thompson  was  2d  best  with  promising 
Muscats.  Mr.  Thompson  had  the  best  dish  of 
Peaches  in  fine  Gros  Mignonne  ;  Mr.  Hickle  the 
best  Nectarines  in  fine  EIruge  ;  and  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to 
the  Hon.  C.  Talbot,  Esher,  the  best  Melon,  in  Hero 
of  Lockynge.  He  was  also  1st  with  a  handsome 
brace  of  Tender  and  True  Cucumbers,  Royal  Windsor 
coming  2d.  The  finest  Tomatos,  Ne  plus  Ultra, 
came  from  Mr.  Hickle.  Mr.  Waite  was  an  easy  1st 
with  a  fine  lot  of  vegetables,  inclusive  of  Snowdrop 
Potatos,  Leviathan  Beans,  Early  Nantes  Carrots, Tele- 
phone Peas,  good  Cauliflowers,  &c.  Mr.  Poupart  sent 
a  very  fine  lot  of  market  vegetables,  including  Giant 
Cauliflowers,  fine  Cabbages,  Turnips,  Tomatos, 
Vegetable  Marrows,  &c.  'The  cut  flower  and  table 
decoration  tent  was  well  filled,  but  Roses  were  of 
moderate  quality.  As  usual,  the  best  box  of  cut 
Gloxinias,  really  beautiful  blooms,  came  from  Mr. 
Norwich,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Kitching,  Esq.,  Hampton. 


;f!oLONIAL      ]^0TE3. 


A   HANDFUL  OF   NATAL   TERRESTRIAL 
ORCHIDS. 

It  Is  well  known  that  although  South  Africa  does 
not  abound  in  showy  epiphytal  Orchids,  yet  there  are 
very  many  handsome  terrestrial  species  in  this  country 
well  worth  cultivation.  On  looking  through  trade 
lists  or  scanning  the  pages  of  the  Gardtmrs'  Chronicle, 
it  it  rare  to  find  aught  from  South  Africa  but  Disa 
grandiflora  or  D.  Herschelli.  1  shall  venture  to 
describe  here  a  few  of  the  best  terrestrial  species  I 
know,  omitting  very  many  others  which  I  have  met 
with,  as' not  being  showy  they  do  not  seem  to  be 
worth  much  notice  for  garden  purposes.  I  must  say 
that  it  is  very  difficult  to  identify  with  precision  any 
Orchid  here  except  the  best  known  ones.  I  have  not 
seen  the  below-quoted  plates  from  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  &c.;  all  know  how  badly  Orchids  dry  (for 
the  herbarium),  and  there  is  no  complete  set  of 
Dative  plants  properly  named  in  town  here,  but  I  will 
do  the  best  I  can.  Following  Harvey's  Genera  we 
begin  with — 

Eulofihia  ensala,  Lindley,  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1 147. — 
Pseudobulbs  shaped  like  a  flattened  Potato,  six  to 
eight  in  number,  lying  well  below  the  soil.  Leaves 
long  and  narrow,  about  i  inch  broad,  and  18  inches 
long.  Flower-stem  i^ — 2  feet  long,  bearing  at  the 
top  a  dense  cluster  of  from  thirty  to  forty  tube-shaped 
flowers,  three-quarters  of  an  inch  long,  of  a  clear 
bright  yellow.  Sepals,  petals,  and  labellum,  all 
much  alike  ;  the  lip  has  a  short  spur,  and  is  covered 
with  short  hair-like  teeth.  This  is  a  tall,  noticeable 
plant,  flowering  through  December  and  the  first  week 
of  January.  It  grows  amongst  long  grass  fully  exposed 
to  the  sun,  at  elevations  of  2503 — 3000  feet  on  hill- 
sides, and  also  on  level  ground.  Soil  a  heavy  black 
loam, 

Eulophia  Dregeana,  Lindley,  —  Pseudobulbs  flat- 


tened, conical  in  shape,  their  tops  just  visible  above 
the  soil.  Leaves  recurved,  rather  more  than  I  inch 
broad  and  I  foot  long.  Flower-stem  li  foot  long, 
bearing  about  a  dozen  flowers,  near  2  inches  across, 
in  a  lax  raceme.  Sepals  green,  petals  pale  primrose- 
yellow  or  white.  Lip  superior,  mauve-coloured, 
with  a  small  spur.  A  very  bright,  handsome  plant, 
flowering  about  the  same  time  as  the  last  species. 
Rather  rare  ;  grows  in  peaty  soil  amongst  rocks  in 
moistish  but  open  places,  at  an  elevation  of  3000 — 
3500  feet. 

£.  sp. — A  very  fine  species  I  once  saw,  but  neglected 
to  collect,  may  be  briefly  noted.  Habit  of  E.  ensata, 
but  the  flowers  are  twice  as  large,  yellow,  with  a  deep 
maroon  spot  at  the  base  of  the  lip. 

Lissothilus  Krehii,  Reichenbach  fil.,  Bot.  Mag,,  t, 
SS6i. — Pseudobulbs  conical,  growing  on  the  surlace  of 
the  soil.  Leaves  nearly  2  inches  across,  and  li  foot 
long.  Flower-stem  4  to  6  feet  high,  bearing  about  fifty 
flowers,  which  are  i^  to  2  inches  across.  Sepals  light 
brown  or  deep  maroon-purple.  Petals  golden-yellow 
above,  cream-coloured  beneath.  Lip  with  a  short 
spur,  yellow  and  purple-tinted.  The  finest  Orchid  I 
know  of,  and  well  worth  a  place  in  the  most  select 
collection.  One  variety  I  have  seen  has  the  petals 
veined  with  purple  beneath,  and  is  probably  the  same 
variety  as  that  described  by  Mr.  H.  N.  Ridley  as  L. 
K^^ebsii  var.  purparata  (see  Gard.  Chron,,  July  25, 
18S5,  p.  102).  Time  of  flowering  from  beginning  of 
November  to  end  of  January.  Our  plant  is  by  no 
means  plentiful,  it  is  never  found  growing  in  the  open 
sun,  but  on  the  outskirts  of  the  bush  in  partial  shade 
at  an  elevation  of  3000  feet.  Soil,  loose  peat  and 
leaf-mould. 

Satyrium  candidttm,  Lindley. — Tubers  ovate,  about 
2  inches  long.  Flower-stem  12  —  15  inches  high,  with 
two  large  ovate  leaves  at  the  base.  Flowers  from  fifteen 
to  twenty,  about  half  an  inch  across,  snow-white, 
sweet-scented.  The  back  sepal  has  two  long  slender 
spurs.  The  shape  of  the  flower  reminds  one  of  a  Gothic 
gargoyle.  It  is  a  pretty  species,  one  of  our  earliest 
spring  flowers.  It  is  found  growing  on  open  hill- 
sides in  black  loamy  soil  amongst  grass,  flowering 
through  November,  at  an  elevation  of  2500 — 3000  feet. 

.y.  carneum,  R.  Brown,  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1512. — 
This  plant  is  like  the  foregoing  in  habit  and  locality, 
but  it  flowers  about  a  month  later,  and  is  more  robust 
in  habit.  The  Rowers  are  rosy-carmine,  and  I  have 
seen  wild  specimens  3  feet  high  ;  but  I  must  say  I 
am  not  certain  of  the  exact  names  of  these  two 
Satyriums,  owing  to  reasons  as  above  stated. 

Disa  folygonoides,  Lindley,  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  6532. — 
Tuber  long  and  pointed,  about  4  inches  long.  Leaves 
lanceolate.  Flower-stem  2 — 4  feet  high,  bearing 
100 — 200  small  close-set  flowers,  varying  in  colour 
from  pink  to  scarlet.  A  showy  species,  growing 
often  on  steep  hill-sides  in  heavy  red  clay  or  black 
loam  fully  exposed  to  the  sun.  It  continues  in  flower 
during  December  and  January  at  an  elevation  of  from 
2500 — 3000  feet. 

D.  micrantha,  or  what  is  taken  for  such,  I  have 
spoken  of  in  a  previous  paper  as  found  near  the 
Polela. 

Disperi!  Fanniniit,  Harvey,  Thesaurus,  t,  171. — 
A  very  delicate  quaint  little  plant.  Tubers  very  small. 
Flower-stem  a  foot  high,  ,:  leaves  stem-clasping. 
Flowers  3 — 5  in  number,  nearly  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  across  ;  white  with  a  purple  tint.  The  struc- 
ture of  the  flower  is  very  curious,  in  aspect  it  resem- 
bles an  old-fashioned  mob-cap  I  It  grows  under 
the  shade  of  trees,  amongst  leaf-mould,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  3000  feet. 

Cultivation. 

In  addition  to  the  above  Orchids  I  would  mention 
a  Cymbidium,  possibly  a  terrestrial  species.  I  have 
one  plant,  but  it  has  not  yet  flowered.  It  has  long 
cylindrical  pseudobulbs  (evidently  tending  to  a  true 
stem)  some  2  feet  long,  crowned  by  a  tuft  of  two- 
ranked  leaves  i  foot  long  and  i  inch  broad.  Can 
this  be  Harvey's  Cymbidium  Sandersoni  first  de- 
scribed by  him  some  thirty-five  years  ago,  but  since 
lost  sight  of? 

And  now  »  word  as  to  cultivation,  of  which  I  should 
not  have  ventured  to  add  to  Mr.  Brown's  remarks, 
were  it  not  that  he  refers  mostly  to  the  Cape  climate 
which  is  very  nearly  the  reverse  of  ours.  My  know- 
ledge of  the  Cape  peninsula  is  very  limited.  Twelve 
years  ago  I  spent  two  days  there,  and  partly  ascended 
Table  Mountain.  In  that  region,  as  I  understand, 
most  rain  falls  between  May  and  September  in  the 
winter.  The  dry  season  is  in  summer,  from  November 
to  April. 


In  Natal  it  is  just  the  other  way  about.  Our  Orchids 
flower  in  the  moist  season  from  November  to  March, 
during  which  time  they  enjoy  much  rain  and  sun  alter- 
nately. From  April  to  October  rain  is  scarce — > 
slight  shower  every  month  on  the  average  ;  but — and 
I  wish  to  draw  special  attention  to  this — the  soil  be- 
neath the  surface  does  not  get  dust-dry.  Nearly  all  our 
Orchids,  save  Lissochili,  delight  in  a  heavy  retentive 
black  loam  or  red  clay,  interlaced  with  grass  roots  ; 
during  winter  the  air  is  very  clear  and  the  dews  are 
heavy  and  of  course  the  dry  grass  absorbs  a  good  deal 
of  moisture.  There  is  no  deep  secret  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  terrestrial  Orchids;  we  see  Disas  and  Saty- 
riums growing  alongside  of  Gladioli  and  Gazanias,  and 
surely  any  one  can  grow  the  last  named. 

Lissochili  and  Eulophias,  from  the  nature  of  their 
rhizomes,  have  an  indefinite  life,  but  the  members  of 
the  great  tribe  Ophrydeae  seem  to  live  but  a  few 
years.  Take  Disa  polygonoides,  for  instance.  The 
first  year's  seedling  will  be  a  tiny  plant  about  2  inches 
high,  the  second  year  it  increases  in  strength,  the 
third  it  flowers,  the  fourth  a  stronger  spike  is  sent 
up,  and  then  the  plant 'perishes.  Disas  and  Saty- 
riums, however,  seed  very  freely,  and  there  should  be 
no  difficulty  in  thus  propagating  them.  I  would 
advise  firm  potting  in  turfy  loam  with  good  drainage, 
and  to  meddle  with  them  as  little  as  possible.  Keep 
the  plants  cool  and  moderately  dry  in  the  winter,  and 
heat  with  moisture  in  the  summer. 

I  cannot  refrain  (though  it  has  no  direct  bear- 
ing on  Orchids)  from  speaking  of  the  most  unusual 
weather  we  have  had  in  the  past  summer.  March 
generally  sees  the  last  of  the  summer  rains, 
and  the  final  shower  is  usually  a  heavy  one,  but 
this  season  has  been  unsurpassed  for  very  many  years. 
On  the  afternoon  and  evening  of  March  7  there  fell 
4.20  inches  of  rain.  A  sudden  flood  of  course  fol- 
lowed. Our  river  rose  30  feet  in  less  than  six  hours, 
and  much  damage  was  done.  I  regret  to  say  the 
Tuberose  crop  has  suffered  much.  'Very  many 
thousands  of  bulbs  planted  near  the  river  were  torn 
out  of  the  ground,  swept  away,  and  totally  lost ;  those 
remaining  were  further  injured  by  a  heavy  hailstorm 
two  days  after.    R.  IV,  Adlam,  Afaritzdurg,  Natal. 


S  TA  TE  OF  THE  WE  A  THER  A  T  BLA  CKHEA  TH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  July  7,  1886. 


Hygrome- 

BABOHETKR. 

Temperature  of 

THE  AIR. 

ductions 
from 

Wind. 

5 

Tables  7th 

Q 

Edition- 

t 

S 

L 

i 

1 

Mean  Reading 

Reduced  to 

33°  Fahr. 

Departure  frotD 

Average  ot 

s 

! 

i1* 

ill 

li" 

a 

n 

"■a 

lulv 

In.    i    In.    j    „ 

.  1 . 1 0 

^ 

„ 

In. 

30.11  ]-(-O.J9  70.s|48.S21.o!s9.= 

-  3.0 

48.3 

67J 

E.S.E. 

0.00 

3013 

-t-O3i78.5|S'.5«7.0|63.9 

+  2.8 

so  .9 

61 

E. 

0.00 

3014 

-(-0.3383.054  0 

29  0  66  9 

+  57 

56,6 

7.f 

E  : 
E.  N.E. 

0.00 

30. 1  ■ 

-f-0.3186.1 

60.5 

35.6 

71.7 

-t-IO.4 

57-3 

H 

W.SW. 

0.00 

5 

30.07 

-t- 0.2681.3 

61.0 

30.2 

71.0 

-^  95 

48.6 

45 

N.W. 

o.oo 

6 

ag.gj 

+a.3S4.S 

53  3 

29.269.3 

-1-  76 

55  3     61 

S.S.W. 

0.00 

' 

39.73 
3003 

-(-oo8 
-fO.23 

86.8 
S..S 

59  0 
55.7 

37.869.3 

-1-  7.5 

63.4 
53-9 

74 
63 

S.S.'W. 

o.«, 

Mean 

3S.8 

67.3 

S. 

0.00 

July  I. — Very  fine  day. 

—  3. — Very  fine,  few  light  clouds  in  afternoon. 

—  4.— Fine  day. 

—  5.— Very  fine. 

—  6.— Very  fine. 

—  7. — Very  fine,  few  clouds  in  morning. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  3,  the  reading  of  the  barometer  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.02  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.24  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  28th,  decreased  to  30.19  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
the  same  day,  increased  to  30.33  inches  by  9  a.m. 
and  decreased  to  30.27  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  July 
1st,  increased  to  30.34  inches  by  9  A  M.  on  the  2nd, 
and  was  30.30  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 


JDLY   10,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


59 


at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.26  inches,  being  0.27 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  0.26  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The   highest  temperature    in     the 
shade  in  the  week  was  83°.o  on  July  3rd  ;  on  the  1st 
the  highest  temperature  was  7o°'S*     The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  76°. o, 
,  The  lowest   temperature  was  4S°.5,  on  July   1st  ; 

on  June  30th,  the  lowest  temperature  was  54°'°- 
The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
52°.  I. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
29°.3,  on  June  29th  ;  on  the  27lh  the  smallest,  was 
18°.  3.    The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  23°. 9. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  27th,  63°. 2  ; 
on  the  28th,  63°.7  ;  on  the  29tb,  65°.5  ;  on  the  30th, 
62°.6  ;  on  July  1st,  59°.2  ;  00  the  2nd,  63°.9  ;  and 
on  the  3rd,  66°. 9  ;  and  these  were  all  above  their 
averages  (excepting  July  1st  which  was  2°  below) 
by  1°,  2°.4,  4°.2,  i''.4,  2°. 3  and,  5°. 7  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  63°.4, 
being  5°.4  higher  than  last  week,  and  2°.  I  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  I3S°.5,  on  the  28th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  1 29°.  9. 

Rain, — No  rain  fell  during  the  week, 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  3,  the  highest  temperatures  were  88".  2  at 
Cambridge,  85°.o  at  Truro,  S4°.o  at  Sheffield  and 
Leeds  ;  the  highest  at  Liverpool  was  73°.  5,  at  Brighton 
74°.5,  at  Plymouth,  76°.2.  The  general  mean  was 
8o°.4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  35°  at  Sheffield, 
4I°.3  at  Cambridge,  44°  at  Hull;  the  lowest  at 
Liverpool  was  5i''.4,  at  Plymouth  49°. 9,  at  Brighton 
49°.  3.     The  general  mean  was  46°.  2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  49°  at  Sheffield,  46°. 9 
at  Cambridge,  40°  at  Truro  ;  the  least  ranges  were 
22°.  I  at  Liverpool,  25°,  2  at  Brighton,  26°.  3  at  Ply- 
mouth.    The  general  mean  was  34°.  2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  7S°.8,  at  Truro  77°.?,  at  Bristol 
76'.  I  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Liverpool  70^.4,  at  Brad- 
ford 7o°.6,  at  Brighton  7I°.2.  The  general  mean 
was  74°.o. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Liverpool  55°.8,  at  Wolverhampton  54°.7, 
at  Preston  54^.4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Cambridge  47''.4, 
at  Truro  48°.  3,  at  Hull  49°.  I.  The  general  mean 
was  Si'.S. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Sheffield 
32".  I,  at  Cambridge  31°. 4,  at  Truro,  29°.4  ;  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool  I4°.6,  at  Bradford  18°,  at  Preston 
i8°.9.     The  general  mean  was  22^.5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheatb 
63°.4,  at  Wolverhampton  62°.6,  at  Leeds  62°. 4  ;  and 
was  lowest  at  Sheffield,  57°.  a,  at  Hull  s8°.8,  at 
Bradford  59°'8.     The  general  mean  was  6o°.9. 

Rain. — There  was  no  rainfall  at  any  station  during 
the  week,  excepting  at  Nottingham,  when  the  amount 
of  two  days  was  o.  16  inch. 

Scotland  ;  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  3,  the  highest  temperature  was  8i°.7,  at 
Dundee,  at  Greenock  the  highest  was  77°. 2.  The 
general  mean  was  79°. 4. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  37°.  5,  at 
Perth  ;  at  Dundee  the  lowest  temperature  was  45°.6. 
The  general  mean  was  41°. 8. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Dundee  6l°.3, 
and  lowest  at  Aberdeen  58°.  The  general  mean  was 
60°.  o. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  at  Aberdeen  to  the  amount  of 
0.16  mch.  No  rain  fell  at  Glasgow,  Edinburgh, 
Dundee,  Greenock,  Leitb,  Paisley,  or  Perth. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  S,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. : — The  weather  has  been  cloudy  and 
somewhat  showery  in  the  extreme  north  of  Scotland, 
but  fine  in  all  other  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

The  temperature  has  been  above  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  excess  varying  from  1°  in  "  Scotland, 
N.,"  and  "England,  E.,"  and  2°  in  "England, 
N.W.,"  to  4°  in  "  England,  N.E.,"  and  "  England, 


S.W.,"  and  5°  in  the  "Midland  Counties,"  and 
"  Ireland,  S."  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which 
were  generally  registered  on  the  3d  or  4th  in  England 
and  on  earlier  dates  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  were  as 
high  as  from  85°  to  89°  over  the  greater  part  of 
England,  between  81°  and  84°  in  Ireland,  and  69° 
and  81°  in  Scotland.  The  lowest  of  the  minima, 
which  were  registered  during  the  earlier  part  of  the 
week,  ranged  from  42°  in  "  England,  E.,"  to  49°  in 
"England,  N.E.,"  and  to  53°  in  the  "Channel 
Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  been  slightly  more  than  the  mean 
in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  but  in  all  other  distrcits  rain 
has  been  almost  entirely  absent. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decrease  in  the  extreme 
north  and  east  of  Scotland,  but  a  very  considerable 
increase  elsewhere.  The  percentages  of  the  possible 
amount  of  duration  over  England  and  the  "  Channel 
Islands  "  were  very  high,  ranging  from  55  in  "  Eng- 
land, N.E.,"  and  61  in  "England,  N.W.,"  to  77 
in  "  England,  S.,"  83°  in  "  England,  S.  W.,"  and  89° 
in  the  "Channel  Islands."  The  highest  percentages 
at  individual  stations  were  89  at  Jersey,  88  at 
Hastings,  86  at  Falmouth,  and  85  at  Pembroke. 
These  figures  are  higher  than  any  which  have  been 
recorded  since  the  commencement  of  the  "  Bright 
Sunshine  "  returns  in  April,  1880.  The  highest  per- 
centages previously  recorded  were  83  at  York,  and 
85  at  Geldeston,  for  the  week  ending  May  22,  1882, 

Depressions  observed. — During  the  whole  of  this 
period  the  distribution  of  barometric  pressure  over 
our  islands  was  anticyclonic,  and  the  only  depres- 
sions which  appeared  in  our  area  were  some  large 
but  shallow  disturbances  which  passed  in  an  easterly 
direction  outside  our  northern  coasts.  The  winds 
over  the  United  Kingdom  were  consequently  light 
and  variable,  but  at  our  northern  stations  westerly  or 
south-westerly  breezes  generally  prevailed,  and  in 
the  south,  light  easterly  or  north-easterly  airs. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Leaf-cutter   Sawfly  :   L.  M.    The  holes  in  your 
Rose-leaf  are  made  by  the  larva  of  the  Rose  Sawfly 


(fig.  13).  which  builds  its  nest  of  the  fragments,  and 
retires  into  retreat  into  the  case  so  formed,  till  it  alters 
its  form,  and  changes  its  mind,  and  issues  as  a  perfect 
insect. 
Double  Lily  :  y.  .S.  W.  Many  thanks.  Please  mark 
the  plant  and  report  on  its  behaviour  next  year.  The 
specimen  was  not  in  fit  condition  for  determination 
when  we  saw  it. 

Errata  :  Liverpool  Show  Report  .-—Class  76,  instead 
of  ■  ■  R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  ist,  and  Cocker  &  Sons, 
Aberdeen,  2d,"  read  "  ist,  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons, 
Aberdeen  ;  and  2d,  Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird,  Edinburgh." 
Implement  class  :  hand-mowing  machine  : — The  Silver 
Medal,  given  to  Messrs.  Chadborn  &  Coldwell  for  their 
exhibit,  was  of  equal  value  to  that  given  to  Messrs. 
Harford  &  Perkins,  these  latter  gentlemen  objecting  to 
the  use  of  the  definite  article.  Messrs.  \.  Carter  & 
Co.,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  London,  showed  a 
collection  of  hardy  annuals  raised  from  seed,  and  were 
awarded  a  Silver  Banksian  Medal. 

Flora  oi-  Algiers  :  Miss  O.  Munby's  Catalogue, 
pubhshed  by  Taylor  &  Francis. 

Flora  of  France  :  Miss  H.  Gillet  et  Magne,  Flore 
de  France. 

Fqxglove  :  Mi^s  S.  Your  plant  is  distorted  by  fascia- 
lion,  caused  probably  in  this  case  by  some  injury  in  a 
very  early  stage  ot  growth. 

Names  of  Largest  English  Growers  of  To- 
matos.  Cucumbers,  and  Mushrooms  for 
Market  :  H.  T.  We  do  not  know  who  are  the 
largest  growers. 

Names  of  Plants  :  H.  R.  Grape,  white,  Mrs.  Pearson ; 
Jasrainum  Sambac  fl.-pl. — Collins  6*  Co.    Campanula 


puraila. — P.  y.  I.  I,  Lolium  perenne  ;  2,  Festuca 
pratensis  ;  3,  Arrhenatherum  avenaceura  with  smut 
(Puccinia) ;  4,  Festuca  pratensis  var.  elatior  ;  5,  Festuca 
ovina ;  6,  Bromiis  erectus. — H.  S.,  Guernsey,  i, 
Galium  mollugo  ;  2,  Heracleum  sphondylium  ;  3, 
Senecio  Jacobaea ;  4,  Chrysanthemum  Leucanthe- 
mum  :  5,  Scrophularia  nodosa  ;  6,  Funiaria  capreolata  ; 
7,  Lychnis  dioica  ;  8,  Achillea  Millefolium  ;  9.  Silene 
inflata  ;  10,  Lotus  corniculatus  ;  ri.  Cotyledon  um- 
bilicus ;  12,  Caucalis  Anthriscus  ;  13,  Vicia  sativa. 
Another  time  send  six  specimens  only. —  W.  C.  B. 
r,  Eccremocarpus  scaber  ;  2,  Geranium  platypeta- 
lum  ;  3,  Jasminum  revolutum  ;  4,  Santolina  incana. — 
F.  C.  I,  Lepidium  sativum  ;  2,  Leontodon  autum- 
nalis  ;  3,  Medicago  lupulina  ;  4,  Deutzia  scabra  ; 
5,  Leontodon  hirtus  ;  6,  Crepis  biennis. — F.  C.  C.  D. 
Fuchsia  procumbens. — T.  K.  Ingram,  i,  Dolicho- 
deira  tubiflora  ;  2,  Peperomia  reseditlora ;  3,  Scilla 
peruviana  ;  4,  Francoa  ramosa  ;  5,  Rivina  Isevis  ;  6, 
not  in  a  fit  state  to  name.— C  H.  P.  Eloeagnus 
longipes.  The  fruit  of  some  varieties  of  this  are  said 
to  be  of  good  flavour,  but  your  fruit  is  too  rough- 
tasted  to  be  eaten  raw  ;  it  may  perhaps  make  good 
jam  or  tarts. —  W.  S.     Barkeria  elegans. 

Petunias  :  J.  C.  &•  Co.  Your  complaint  should  be 
addressed  to  your  German  correspondents,  and  if 
they  decline  to  furnish  a  satisfactory  explanation  then 
we  might  publish  your  protest. 

Red  Sycamore:  A.  V.  Z.  The  red-fruited  form  of  the 
common  Sycamore,  Acer  Pseudo-Platanus  variety 
erythrocarpa. 

The  Best  Colonies  for  a  Florist  and  Gar- 
dener :  Constant  Subscriber.  Those  that  have  been 
the  longest  settled,  and  where  wealth  abounds,  viz., 
the  large  towns  and  cities  of  Canada  and  Australia. 
In  the  latter  you  would  have  to  compete  with  the 
frugal  and  laborious  Chinaman  ;  and  in  the  former 
with  a  winter  of  six  months'  duration.  Flower  grow- 
ing would  pay  better  than  vegetable  culture.  Assisted 
passages  are  not  given  to  gardeners.  Visit  the  Colonial 
Exhibition,  read  the  Catalogues,  and  decide  for  your- 
self. 

Wilson  Junior  Blackberry  :  V.  C.  b"  Co.  The 
best  plan  will  be  to  exhibit  specimens  before  the  Fruit 
Committee  at  its  next  meeting. 

Wireworm  and  Cresylline.— If  W.  Birt  will  for- 
ward his  address  to  us,  we  could  pubhsh  his  letter 
on  the  above  subject. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Peter  Van  Velsen  &  Sons,  Hontvaart,  Overveen, 
Haarlem — Dutch  Flower  Roots, 

Rovelli  Brothers,  Pallanza,  Italy— General  Cata- 
logue. 

Thos.  Methven&Son.s,  15,  Princes' Street,  Edinburgh 
— Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

Friedr.  Roemer,  Quedlinburg,  Germany— Flower  and 
Vegetable  Seeds. 


Communications  REceivaD:— W.  K. W.  C-J.  J.  W.— 

G.  H.  W.  -T.  W.— A.  G.— J.  G  —J.  S.  Whall— A.  W.- 
J.  McL. — Eucharis  (we  cannot  notice  anonymous  letters). — 
Compagnie  Continentale  (enclosure). —  1'.  C  H. — L.  L. — 
E.  &  B.— las.  Backhouse  &  Son, -A.  M.— T.  B.— P.  S.— 
G.  H.  H.-J.  D  -F.  M.-W.  B.,  Elvaston.— J.  Kelly.— 
•yV.  K.— J,  H,  C.-J.  G.— H.  Drake  (no  space  for  your 
report).  —  F.  S. — Messenger  &  Co. — Professor  Reichenbach. 
—J.  F.— J.  R.  J.-C.  T.  D.-W.  S.— A  D.  W.— W. 
Marshall.- W.  'W.-E.  J.  Canning.-F.  S.  G.— J.  C— 
A.  Kershaw. 


©ijitttatfi. 

Mr.  William  Serjesson. — This  gentleman  died 
at  Trafford  Park,  Manchester,  on  June  25,  in  bis 
eighty-second  year.  He  had  held  the  position  of 
Head  Gardener  to  Sir  Humphrey  and  Lady  de 
Trafford  since  1849.  Though  an  invalid  for  eight 
years,  he  was,  through  the  kindness  of  Lady  de 
Trafford,  allowed  to  retain  his  position  up  to  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  was  buried  at  St.  Ann's  Church, 
Baxter*on-Irwell. 


larKets, 


C0VEN7    GARDEN,    July  8. 
Markets  very  heavy,   with   business    dull,     yames 
Webber,   Wkolesale  Apple  Afarket. 

Vegetables.— AvKR AGS  Retail  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  '        ' 

Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-.. 
Asparagus, Eng,,  100   20-50 
—  French,    bundle  26-.. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb...  10-.. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch . .  06-  . . 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..   16-20 
Colcworts.doz. bunch  80-.. 
Cucumbers,  each    ..06-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .   10-20 
Herbs,  per  bunch    ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  ,. 
lettuce,  per  dozen.,  10-16 

PoTATOS :— Best  Kidney 


Mint,  green,  bunch  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  punnet  i  6- 
MustardandCress.do.o  4- 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4  o- 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  2  o- 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..40-; 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  o~  i 
Shallots,  per  pound. .  o  3-  < 
Spinach,  per  bushel  3  6- 
Sprue  Asparagus,  per 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..16- 
Turnips,  bunch  ..06- 
Veget.  Mar.,  each.,  o  6-  , 

7J. ;   Rounds,  5s.  per  cwt 


6o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  io,  i8 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Currants  i^-sie- 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  cas 


Peaches,  per  dozen  ...  2  o-ti 
ne-apples,  Eng.,  lb,   2  o- 
-  St.  Micnael,  each  2  6-  1 
I  0-36  o  I  Strawberries,  per  lb.  06- 


Plamts  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 

Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  0-18  o 
Bedding  Plants,  vari- 

Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  ..  12  0-18  o 
Calceolarias,  pei  doz.  50-80 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Draciena   terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..  ..30  0-60  o 
—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Ericas,  various,  doz.  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

Everp-eens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ,.6  0-24  0 

Ficus  elastica  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


r.  d.  s.  d 


30-9. 


Foliage  Plants,  va 

Fuchsia's,  dozen 
Hydrangeas,  doz. 
Lobelias,   per   doz 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..8  0-12  1 
Mignonette,  per  doz,  4  o-  6  ( 
Musk,  per  dozen  .,  2  o-  4  < 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  ( 
Nasturtiums,  dozen  30-6) 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  < 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  0-15  1 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  30-61 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


ArumLilles,  I2blms.  , 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  < 
Campanulas,  12  bun.  , 
Carnations,  12  bims.  ] 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  : 
Daisie^i,  common,  12 

bunches     ..  ..  : 

Delphiniums,  12  bun.  ; 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  , 
Forge  t-me-Noc,      or 


Pansies.  12  bunches 
PcEonies,  12  blooms.. 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 


.  9-  ] 


Pinks,  var,  12  bu 
Pyrethrums,  12  bu 
Rhodanthes,  12  bii 
Roses,  Tea,  per  dc 

—  red,  per  dozen  ..20- 

—  outdoor,  ,2  bun.   3  o 

—  MobS,  12  bun...  2  » 
Spirjeas,  12  bunches  6  o 
Stephanotis,  iz  spys.  i  6 
Sweet  Sultan,  i2l3un.  3  o- 
TropeEolums,  12  bun.  1  o 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  4 


9-  : 


SEEDS. 

London  ;  June  30.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane,  E  C,  write  that 
the  seed  market  to-day  was  most  thinly  attended,  with 
scarcely  any  transactions  passing.  The  samples  of  new 
French  Trifolium  now  coming  to  hand  show  fair  quality, 
but  the  prices  asked  for  same  are  still  considered  to  be 
too  high.  In  Clover  seeds  for  the  moment  no  business 
is  taking  place.  There  is  no  variation  in  Rape  or 
mustard.  Hemp  and  Canary  sell  slowly  at  previous 
rates.  The  inquiry  for  blue  Peas  continues,  and  the 
finest  samples  have  consequently  become  e.\hausted. 
There  is  no  alteration  in  other  articles. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  July  7.— Plentiful  sup- 
plies of  all  kinds  with  a  good  demand  at  following  rates  : 
—Gooseberries,  2i.  grf.  to  3r.  ^d.  pet  sieve;  English 
Strawberries,  5^.  6d.  to  6r.  61.  per  peck  ;  Peas,  21.  6d. 
to  31.  per  sieve  ;  Cabbages,  71.  6d.  to  gs.  per  tally  ; 
Radishes,  51.  to  6j.  do  ;  Lettuces,  6d.  to  lod.  per 
score ;  bunch  spring  Onions,  61.  to  -js.  per  dozen  ; 
do.  Greens,  51.  to  6r.  do.  ;  do.  Carrots,  4i.  to  y.  do.  ; 
Turnips,  31.  to  41.  do.;  do.  Mint,  -zs.  do.  ;  do.  Parsley' 
21.  to  31.  do. 

Stratford  :   July  6.— Supplies  have  been  good,  and 

a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  following  prices  ■ 

Cabbages,  3^.  to  %s.  per  tally  ;  Greens,  21.  6d.  per  dozen 
Turnips,  2s.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Carrots,  household 
31.  do.  ;  Onions,  spring,  4;.  jto  51.  do.;  green  Peas 
41.  bd.  to  S!-  bi.  per  bag  ;  Gooseberries,  ij.  to  ij.  bd. 
per  sieve  ;  Cherries,  English,  41.  6d.  to  %s.  per  basket 
Strawberries,  31.  6d.  to  5^.  per  peck  ;  black  Currants 
4t.  e>d.  to  6j.  per  sieve  ;  red  do.,  y.  bd.  to  41  do 
Cucumbers,  ij.  ^d.  to  u.  gd.  per  dozen. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  July  6  —For  old 
Potatos  there  is  now  very  little  inquiry.  New  Potatos 
come  on  offer  more  freely,  and  meet  a  quiet  demand. 
Quotations  :— Jersey  and  French  kidneys,  6s  to  7/  • 
Malta  rounds,  51,  to  6j,  ;  Lisbon,  ditto,  is.  61.  to  cj' 
6d.  per  cwt. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  July  7.— Quotations  • 
—  New  :  Jersey  kidneys,  6s.  6d.  to  71.  6d.  ;  do.  rounds, 
St.;  St.  Malo  kidneys,  6j.  ;  do.  rounds,  4^.  to  41,  61  ■ 
Cherbourg  kidneys,  6r.  6d. ;  do.  rounds,  4s.  to  41.  6d. 
per  cwt.  Old  :  Champions,  50J.  to  60s.;  Magnums,  'iv. 
to  80s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  yufy  6.— Quotations  :— New  :  Kidneys, 
130S.  to  140J.  ;  do.  rounds,  70-t.  to  got.  per  ton. 

Imports,— T'nit  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  3881  cases  47S  bo.xes  Cherbourg,  2547  packages 
Jersey,  432  packages  St,  Nazaire,  77  boxes  Cadiz,  56 
boxes  Harfieur,  218  cases  Bordeaux,  129  bags  ii  cases 
Malta. 


HAY. 

Stratford  :  July  6. —  Quotations  :— Hay,  Soj.  to 
90J.  ;  Clover,  90J.  to  iioi.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  365.  per 
load. 


OOTemment  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  loij  to  ioi3  for  delivery,  and  101,=,  to  loi-'-  for 
the  account.  Tuesday's  and  Wednesday's  final  prices 
were  loiy,,  to  loi^  for  delivery,  and  \o\\  to  1018  for 
the  account.  Thursday's  latest  quotations  were  ioi2  to 
loij  for  both  delivery  and  the  account. 


IMPORTANT  TO  GARDENERS, 


FRANCIS  &  CO, 

SUPPLY:- 

I.— Garden  Syringes  of  all  kinds. 

2. — Indiarubber  Delivery  and  Suction  Hose. 

3.— Galvanised  Wire  Nettmg. 

4.— Indiarubber  Door  and  Carriage  Mais. 

5  — Gutta-percha  Goods. 

6. — Superior  Waterproof  Garmenls. 

7.— Barometers.  Thermometers,  and  Rain  Gauges. 

8. —  Prepared  Chloride  of  Ammonii  for  destroyuig  Inse 

9  — Telecraph  Instruments. 

-InsuUted  and  Galv.-»niscd  Iron  Wires. 

-Medical  and  other  Batteries. 

-Lightning  Conductors. 


-Elei 


elh. 


-Fire  and  Burglar  Alarms. 
-Speaking  I'ubes. 

-Adjustable  Electric  Thermometers. 
-Distinfecting  Fluids,  Special. 
-Francis  &  Co.'s  Insect  Destroyer. 
-Garden  Tools  of  every  description. 
20.  — Quotations  for  every  requisite. 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

For  GREEN ^OUSES,  VINERIES, 

CONSERVATORIES,    FORCING    PITS, 

INCUBATORS,  and  for  FIRE. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

"  Your  Thermometers  are  nmv  in  all  the  Sheds,  and 
to  you  are  we  indebted  for  uniformly  itrong  and  healthy 
Plants," 

"last  night  your  Electric  Tell-tale  saved  what  is 
probably  the  finest  house  of  Vines  in  the  Kingdom." 

"  Your  Electric  Thermometer  is  a  mighty  good  thing, 
and  no  Wine  Grower  should  be  without  them.  Timely 
notice  of  approaching  frost  means  the  saving  of  perhaps 
a  whole  crop," 


THE 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETER 

Is  so  applied,  that  when  the  temperature  either  rises 
above  or  falls  helow  the  degree  at  which  it  may  be  set. 
a  bell  is  sounded  or  other  signal  given  at  however  great 
a  distance.  Any  number  of  Thermometers  may  be 
employed  with  the  same  Bell,  so  tliat  every  point  can  be 
under  thorough  protection  at  COMPARATIVELY 
TRIFLING  EXPENSE. 

FRANCIS  AND  CO.'S  Thermometers  are  largely 
employed  by  Wine  Growers  in  the  open  as  well  as  under 
Glass,  and  are  most  valuable  for  Conservatories,  Green- 
houses, Forcing  Pits,  Hospital  Wards,  and  in  the  process 
of  Incubation. 

Used  throughout  the  Ostrich  Farm3  of 
South  Africa. 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

Also  form  the  most  perfect  PROTECTION  AGAINST 
FIRE,   the  ever  ready  Alarm  signalling  the  very  first 
outbreak  instantly. 
Readily  applied.    Fitted  wltli  ease  and  certainty. 

PRICES, 

Large  Bell,  Wire.  Pusb.  aod  Battery,  com-   £   s.  d. 

plete  for  any  communication        ..        ..150 

Ordinary  Thermometers,  from— eacli  ..010 

Registering        0    16 

Insulated  Wire,  Galvanised  Wireandlnsulatorsas  desired. 
Bells.  Batteries,  Thermometers,  &c.,  separate  if  required. 

ALSO 

ELECTRIC 

FIRE    ALARMS, 

and  ELECTRIC  HOUSE  BELLS, 

As  supplied  to  the  Government  Offices  and  Railway 

Companies. 

ALL    GOODS    GUAHANTEED. 

The  £^  set  delivered,  carriage  paid,  at  nearest 

Railway  Station. 

FRANCIS    &    CO., 

Telegraph  Engineers  and  Government  Contractors, 

EAGLE    TELEGRAPH   WORKS, 
HATTON  GARDEN    LONDON,  E.G. 

SEND  for  CATALOGUE. 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  ^d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  ij.  %d,  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Sution  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq,  The  Ryieyi,  AUerley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  jour  Black  Varnish,  and 
sh;iil  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
eilher  wocd  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  piinled." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  agaiust  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

X18,  Queea  Victoria  Street.  Loodon.  E.G.  ;  and 
n6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


DOULTON    &   WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,     LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,   PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN  EDaiNGS,    &o., 

imperishable"'terra  cotta. 


Tiles  tor  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,  including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Decorations,  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &o  , 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE,   LAMBETH   FAIENCE,  AND  THE 

NEW  SILICON   WARE. 


Show  Rooms,   Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 


Boslier's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no  Slu^s  or  Insects, 
take   up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  ( 
as  do  "^own"  Edgings,  consequ 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stine, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  m  great  variety  of  design 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road.  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  suppUed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3i.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Linmg  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  ic.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and 'Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  ^eat  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Oiscount  to  the  Trade. 


July  10,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


61 


GARDEN  HOSE. 


HOSE  and  REELS,  |    GARDEN  ROLLERS, 

WATER  BARK0W5,  PLANT  TKUCKS, 

GARDEN  ENGINES,  |    WHEELBARROWS. 

TUBE      WELLS     and  WATER      PIPES 

ROSERIES,  I    HANGING  BASKETS, 

ROSE  FENCING.  WIRE  WORK  SCREENS, 

GARDEN  ARCHES,  WIRE  TRELLIS.  &c 


R.    H  O  LLI  DAY, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE    WORKS. 
BEAUFORT    STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 

HY.    VAN    &    CO. 

(The  Oldest  LondoD  Hou.e  in  the  Tiade,  Estd.  1780), 

17,    Tooley    Street,    London   Bridge,   S.E. 


Ilusiii  .1  c   1      \i  OL,l  L      I     (  A« 

PROTECTION    FOR    FRUIT    AVD    FLOWERS. 
GARDEN  NETTING    2  yirds  wide,  I'ji/    or  ner  100  yards, 

10s.  :  diLto.  4  yards  wide,  id.,  or  per  10:1  yards,  i~is, 
SCRIM  CANVAS,  I  yard  wide.  3^.  ;    ij^  yard,  \]/id.  ;    and 

2  yards,  6rf.  per  yard. 
TIFFANY,  33  inches  wide,  in  20 yard  pieces,  y.  6d.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
KICK  CLOTHS.  TAkFAULlNS,  Corn  and  Potato  SACKS. 

FLAGS,  TENTS.  &c..  for  Sale  or  Hire. 

TH  OM  AS'S 

GALVANISED  WIRE  NETTING. 


Rsduccd  Prices  fer  Rati  of  50  Yards. 


^^.^^.^i^^^mj" 

J5 

2  ft 

3  ft. 

4  ft. 

Q     Mesh. 

wide. 
J     d 

wide. 

Wide. 

ilM"  h"  ^?>SfflBK 

K     3-in. 

3     9 

6    8 

7    6 

iir-"io«ii 

J     2-in 

5    4 

8    0 

10   8 

|K-:OTii 

J    15-in 

6    6 

9    9 

13    0 

1     1-m, 

10    0 

15    0 

20    0 

STEEL    BARB 
2        WIRE. 

100  yard  Reels     ..    7s.  Od. 

260     „         „  Vz  cwt..l33.  9d. 

530      „  ,,    I  c*t..  279.  6d, 

Sj>eciai  Quotations  /or  large 

quantities. 

;nt.  Discount  for  Cabh 

with  Order. 


5  per  < 


J.    J.    THOMAS    &     CO., 

87.  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.G.  : 
28s  and  362,    EDGWARE    ROAD,     LONDON,    W. 
RADE     ONLY.  —JOHN      SHAW     and 

CO.  30  and  3t,  Oxford  Street,  Manchester,  Manu- 
facturers ot  Tiffany,  Netting,  and  all  other  Shading  and 
Protecting  Materials.  No.  i  TIFFANY,  20  yards  long, 
38  inche-;  wide,  in  not  less  than  10  pieces,  is.  each.  No.  z 
TIFFANY,  20  yards  long,  38  inches  wide,  mineralised,  in  not 
less  th^n  10  pieces,  us.  ^d.  each.  Cash  with  order.  Price  Lists 
on  apiUcaiton      Special  prices  for  large  qtianiiiies. 


21-OZ  Foreign  of  the  above  sues  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities   always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ.  glass  io 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    A    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  Jolm'B  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  London,  E.C 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle., 


W.    H.    LASCELLES   &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON,    E.O. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  w  II  give  Esti  nates  (or 
every  desciipuon  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK.,  free  o( 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

I2r,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  buildings.  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  pcst-(ree  on  application. 

BOTJIiTON     &    PATJL,    NORWICH. 


No.  74  —Three  quarter  Span-roof  Garden  Frame. 

C^sh  Prices-Carnage  Paid.  Price.  Pjclting  Ci.se. 

8  (eet  long  ..  5  feet  wide  ..  £4  12  6  ..  5J.  j  Allowed  in 
12  feet  long  ..  6feet  wide  ..  650..  tsA  full  if  re-d. 
16  feet  long   ..  6  fett  wide     ..        800..     71.  (   car.  paid. 

These  Frames  are  13  inches  high  in  frtnt,  24  inches  high  at  the 
hack,  and  31  inches  at  the  ridge.  Front  or  back  lights  turn 
over-  Set-opes  are  provided  for  ventilat>ng.  All  painted  lour 
coats  of  best  oil  colour.  The  hghts  are  glazed  with  21-oz.  English 
glass.     Carriage  paid  to  most  Railway  iitatiLOs  In  England  and 

Wales  

Greenhouses  suitable  fcr  Villas.  Small  Country  Hou-e?,  &c. 
Send  for  c  mplete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing, 
possess  one.  The  sashes  t 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and 


1  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted 

6  leet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  fr 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ■ 

6  feet  long,   5  feet  wide,  ,,  ,,  , 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  **  .     ' 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied 


the  other,  and 

be  taken  apart 

iage  paid  to  any  station 


R.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 
MANCHESTER. 

KELETON    HANDLIGHTS,  to  hold 

Glass  or  Slates  (or  Wire  Netting  for  Veniilation  and 
Protection  from  Rabbits.  Fowls.  &c.)  ;  either  can  be  exchanged 
in  a  few  minules.  The  Glass,  Slates,  or  Wire  Netting,  is 
secured  by  Patent  Adjustable  Clips.  They  are  equally  efficient 
as  Handlights  or  on  a  Frame  ;  can  be  made  any  length,  with  or 
without  Frames.  A  Light  5  feet  long.  2  feet  wide  in  clear,  with- 
out Glass,  Sc  ,  los.  :  with  Glass,  or  Slates  or  Wire  Netting.  15s. 
Patentee.  J.  GODDARD.  F.R.H.S.,  13,  Radipole  Road. 
Fulham.  London,  S.W. 


%LASSHeUSES&»EATING: 


^^ 


B.W.WA-R«U;RST 


ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld  ), 

(la  e    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Established  Half  a  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Ccal  in  the  Un'ted  King- 
dom, supply  the  purest  Anthracit.;  for  Horticultural  purpose-. 
COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
London  Offices    and    Depot.   3,    Mileage   Station, 

Paddlngton,  W.— The  G.  C.  G,  Co  will  be  pleased  to  luroi  h 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
Erst  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


LONDON-MADE    HOSE    and    FITTINGS 


SHAND,  MASON  k  CO.'S 


NEW  RED  RUBBER 


iwlMlTiK 


.  Mineralized  ANTiMONiALJI 


s  made  of  Pure  Rubber,  by  a  Special  Process.  It  does  m 
:rack  or  peel  as  ordinary  Vulcanised  Indiarubber  Hose,  ar 
s  of  great  durability.  One  quality  only  is  made,  which 
guaranteed  to  stand  300  lb.  to  the  iquare  inch. 

The  fittings  are  ol'Gun-metal,  ot  ihe  most  improved  patten 
Lnd  carefully  and  strongly  made  in  a  similar  manner  to  iho; 
ntended  for  Fire  Brigade  use. 


SHAND.     MASON    &    CO., 
79,  Upper  Ground  Street,  Black&iars  Road,  London. 


The   Original   and   only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price. 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES    AND     FITIINGi 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


HIGH   and  LOW  PRESSURE  and  HlJT-Alk  HLAllNG 
APPARATUS  ERECTED  and  GUARANTEED. 

FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 

GOLD   MEDAL   AWARDED 

from  the  International  Exhibition,  1885,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

for  their  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GREENBOUSES. 

r>iie  Lists  free. 

T.     WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 

RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    E.ASTVILLE.    BRISTOL. 
Agents  Wanted  to  sell  Wood's  Boilers. 

LAGSTONE     EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or   Walks  under  Trees.      Prices,   id.,   lad., 
and  ir.  per  yard  run. 

The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Yorks. 

BOULTON  &  PAUL^  MANUFACTURERS,   NORWICH. 

Garden     Engine 

and  Water  Barrow 

combined  —This   im- 
plement     is      specially 


F 


lited       for 


ibe 


^^^*S5.   Y'^'V      Cash    Prici 

f         ^m         ^^    (carnage  paid)— 

\         %  J  5  gal    size    £,1  ISJ. 

fc,\ery   requisite  fur  ll 


62 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


July  io,  1886, 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Htad  Lint  chargid  <u 

turn. 

4  Lines...;fo 

^ 

0 

15  Lines... /o    8 

6 

fi     •> 

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6 

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A 

ND  SIXPKNCE 

fOK   EV 

ERY  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 

II  le 

across  columns,  the  lowest  charjre  will  be  301. 

Page 

_ 

_ 

..l9    o    0 

Half  Page  „ 

_ 

_     S    0    o 

Column 

■  ■     3 

5    0 

OARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTINa  SITUATIONS. 

a6  words  i$.  fid.,  and  (>d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE  ADVERTISEMENTS   MUST   BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT    NOTICE. —Advertisers    art   cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 


Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  is.  each  i 
Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 
by  Thursday  noon. 


All  SubscrlptloQS  FayaUe  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  £1  3s.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  11a.  lid. ;    3  Mouths,  6s. 

Foreign  (excepting   India  and   China) :    includine    Postase, 

£1  6s.  for  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  8a.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

INVENTORIES     GOLD    MEDAL. 

The  only  one  awarded Jor  English  Watches! It 


BENSON'S 

(NEW  PATENT,  No.  4658) 

•'LUDGATE"    WATCH. 

SILVER,  .^fa^isv,  GOLD, 

£5  5s.  ,^^^^^^£12  12s. 


The   "Ludgate  Watch"  Is  an  English  Lever  for 
Rough  Wear,  of  my  BEST  LONDON  MAKE. 

"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement- 

yewelUd  throughout  in  rubies  — true  Chrotwmeter  balance — 
adjuittd  for  extremes  of  temperature  ivith  damp  and  dust- 
Proo/  patent  rin^-band,  and  extended  barrel — massive  dotne 
cases,  crystal  glass.     IVmds,  set  hands  and  opens  at  back. 

An  Illustrated  and  Priced  BOOk,  explaining  the  advanUges 
of  this  Watch,  sent,  Post-free  on  appticatioa  to 

J.  W.  BENSON, 

Watchmaker    to    the    Queen.    THE    STEAM     FACTORY, 

Lndgate  Hill,  E.C. :  28,  Royal  Excbange,  E.C.; 

And  25,  Old  Bond  Street,  W.,  London. 

Established  1749. 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  tbe 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 
Capital  £1.000.000.       Income  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid    for    112,000    Accidents,    ^^2,215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  FARt.;uHAR,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :— 8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C  ' 
er  at  the  Head  Office  ■,—6^,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  .■— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  o|-  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved 
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THE 

TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST, 

A   MONTHLY   RECORD   OF   INFORMATION 
FOR  PLANTERS 

OJ  Tea,  Cacoa,  Cinchona,  Coffee,  Indiaruhber,  Sugar,  Palms, 

Cotton,  Cardamoms,  Kola,  Coca,  Cinnamon,  Nutmegs, 

Fibrous  Plants,  atid  other  Products  suited 

/or  Cultivation  in  the  Tropics. 

Published  at  Obser^-er  Office.  Colombo,  Ceylon,  on  or  about  the 

1st  of  each  Month.      Commenced  in  June,  i83i.] 

The 


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tory terms  of  the  T.  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardens 
from  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  F.R.S..  downwards,  and  so  have  all 
Planters.         ^^  -^^  Planter  should  be  without  it. 


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THE    TROPICAL   AGRICULTURIST. 

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repertory  of  everything  relating  to  the  Economic  Botany  of 
the  East.'* 

^^  For  the  Sale  of  Plants,  Seeds.  Machinery,  Implements, 
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Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  Eaklev,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms."  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  45.  6d. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  I'XOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  eveiy 
size.    A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  7^. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.   By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  is. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  ij.  stitched. 

rrow    TO    GROW    asparagus. 

*--*-      A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlkv.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London:  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  and  CO..  Bouverie 
Street,  E.C. 

REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — i2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre.  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghcm,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongltindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Olivnra, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  (Jcert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  j.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  ol  every  month, 
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BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F  Burve- 
nich, F.  Pavnaert.  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  los.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLK,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

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Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

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Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  a  full 
Explanation  of  Technical  Terms.  Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  25^, 

BOTANY  tor  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  E.xaminer  in  Botany.  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  100  Illustrations.     Price  3^.  6*^. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
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LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 
With  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.    Price  gx. 

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CAL   BOTANY.      With   numerous   Illustrations.   Svo, 
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For    Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools.      Price 

London:  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  and  CO.,  Bouverie 
Street,  E.C. 


To  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

PARTNER  WANTED.— A  young  Gentle- 
man (experienced)  is  anxious  to  meet  with  a  PARTNER 
in  above  Trade,  or  to  PURCHASE  an  ESTABLISHED 
BUSINESS,  in  or  near  London.— Apply  by  letter  to  R  V.  P., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41 ,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.  C. 

St.     Marylebone     Cemetery. 
SUPERINTENDENT. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN, 
that  the  Burial  Board  are  prepared  to  RECEIVE 
APPLICATIONS  from  persons  desirous  of  becoming  Candi- 
dates for  the  APPOINTMENT  of  SUPERINTENDENT  to 
the  St.  Marylebone  Cemetery,  situate  at  East  End,  FintJlley. 
The  Salary  will  be  ;£ioo  per  annum,  with  residence.  The 
Applicant  must  be  a  married  man,  not  less  than  30,  nor  more 
than  45  years  of  age  on  last  birthday,  accustomed  to  Drainage, 
Working  to  Plan,  and  Laying  Out  of  Grounds.  He  must 
understand  Gardening.be  a  good  Correspondent,  and  competent 
to  take  the  general  Management  of  a  Cemetery. 

Applications  in  the  Handwriting  of  the  Candidates,  with 
Testimonials  of  recent  date  (three  only)  as  to  character  and 
experience,  also  statement  of  previous  occupation,  to  be  for- 
warded to  the  CLERK  of  the  BOARD  (of  whom  personal 
inquiries  may  be  made  as  to  the  duties)  on  or  before 
SATURDAY,  the  1 7th  day  of  July.  A  personal  canvas  of  the 
members  of  the  Board  is  strictly  prohibited. 
By  order, 

W.  E.  GREENWELL,  Clerk  to  the  Board. 

Court  House,  Marylebone  Lane  — July  i.  1886. 

ANTED,    a    HEAD    GARDENER,    to 

take  charge  of  Grass  Land,  able  to  Survey  Laod, 
and  Measure  Masons'  and  Joiners*  Work.  Wages  .^oj.  per  week, 
house  and  coal.  —  Full  particulars  of  experience  and  references 
to  JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries, 
Chester. 

CAN  ANY  GENTLEMAN 
RECOMMEND  a  GARDENER  and  WIFE,  without 
children?  Situation  20  miles  South  of  London.  Small  famUy. 
The  Gardener  to  attend  to  a  Flower  and  Vegetable  Garden, 
the  Wife  to  Wash.  A  small  cottage  and  coals  provided. 
Wages  aSj.  a  week  in  addition.— A.  B.,  Messrs.  Rixon  & 
Arnold,  39,  Poultry,  £.C. 


July  io,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


63 


Wanted,  Head  Working  Gardener. 

WANTED,  a  respectable  GARDENER, 
with  experience.  Must  be  sober,  honest,  industrious, 
and  obhging  (from  35  to  45  ytars  of  age  preferred).  Cottage 
and  garden  provided.  — K  W.  SHUKER,  Scorrier  Office, 
Cornwall. 

WANTED,  near  London,  aMANandWIFE, 
without  encumbrance.  Man  as  good  Single-handed 
Gardener,  with  care  of  2  Cows ;  Wife  to  undertake  Laundry. 
Live  in  cottage  on  preinises.  Good  wages  to  competent  persons. 
-Apply,  by  letter.  T.  C.  M.,  May's,  159,  Piccadilly.  W.      ^^ 

W'  ANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN, 
under  a  Bailifif  on  a  Farm  of  about  260  acres  in  Bucks. 
Must  thoroughly  understand  Stock  and  Milking,  and  be  a  good 
Shepherd.  Wife  to  attend  to  Poultry.  A  personal  character 
indispensable,  and  only  those  with  the  highest  qualifications 
need  appIy.-Apply,  by  letter  only,  to  H.  L.,  6,  Vere  Street 
Residences.  Cavendish  Square,  London,  W. 


WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  an  energetic  and 
practical  WORKING  PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER 
of  Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Plants  for  Market ;  well  up  in  Wreaths. 
Crosses,  and  Bouquets  ;  good  Salesmm  and  thorough  know- 
ledge of  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade.  Must  be  willing  to  make 
himself  generally  useful.  None  need  apply  that  cannot  pro- 
duce character  as  to  ability  and  sobriety  ;  young  man,  married, 
prefened.  Wage=,  i<^s.  per  week,  with  house  free  —ISAAC 
MATTHEWS  AND  SON. Nurserymen, Milton,  Stoke-on-Trent. 


WANTED,  an  energetic,  trustworthy,  and 
practical  MAN,  to  take  charge  of  a  Landscape  and 
Jobbing  Department  of  a  Nursery,  near  London.  Must  be 
competent  to  give  Plans  and  Specifications. — Applicants  to 
state  age,  experience,  where  last  employed,  and  salary  ex- 
pected, with  any  other  particulars,  to  H.  H..  Gardeners! 
Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellingion  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED,   a  respectable   MAN,  to    Grow 
Soft-wooded  Plants  for  Market.— White  Horse  Nui 
sery.  Park  Lane.  Tottenham,  London. 


WANTED,  a  CLERK  ;  must  be  well  up  in 
Invoicing,  Correspondence,  and  Ledger  Work  ;  prefer- 
ence given  to  one  who  understands  Shorthand. —Reply  in  own 
handwriting,  stating  age,  experience,  and  salary  required,  to 
B.  S.  WILLIAMS.  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
HoUoway,  London,  N. 

WANTED,  a  HEAD  PACKER,  must  be 
thoroughly  experienced  and  energetic. — Applv,  in  own 
handwriting  to  JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "  Newton" 
■     .  Chester. 


WANT    PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  imtancis 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anythin^^ 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
ike  sender !  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  vary  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Karnes  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  till  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
ahove  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N, 


GARDENERS,  FARM  BAILIFFS,  and 
FORESTERS  —We  are  always  in  a  position  to  recom- 
mend MEN  of  the  highest  respectability,  and  thoroughly 
practical  at  their  business,  readily  furnishing  full  particulars  on 
application.— JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
Nurseries,  Chester. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  aie  constantly  receiving 
applications  firom  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c — St.  John  s  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
McIntvrh  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelhng  existinff  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  32,  married;  has 
had  eighteen  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession.  Character  will  bear  strictest  investigation. 
Abstainer.— J.  THOMAS.  Stedham,  Midhurst. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  32.  —  Lord 
Wantage.  Lockinge  Paik,  Wantage,  is  desirous  of  re- 
commending H.  Brown  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
eood  ail-round  Gardener  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Desires  re-engage- 
ment. Thoroughly  acquainted  with  all  branches.  Firit- 
rate  references  as  to  cluiracter  and  ability. — R.  WALTON, 
Hilton  Park,  near  Wolverhampton. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  incum- 
brance ;  twenty  years  as  Head  Gardener.  Thoroughly 
experienced.  First-class  references  and  character.  —  H.  S.^ 
Mrs.  Cann.  Burnt  Ash  Hill.  Lee,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Head),  near  London  pre- 
ferred.—Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches-  Excellent 
character  from  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen.  Good  references  as 
to  ability. —  GARDENER,  s,  Rutland  Street,  Montpelier 
Square,  Knightsbridge.  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head),  age  31,  without 
family.  -Mr.  Derkicutt,  Gardener  to  Lady  Edwards, 
Pye  Nest.  Halyose,  can  recommend  a  young  Man,  well  up  in 
Plant,  Fruit,  and  Vegetable  Culture,  and  general  routine  of 
Gardening,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  one. 

GARDENER  (Head),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment. —  A  Clergyman  thoroughly  recommends  a 
parishioner  as  above.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches  of 
the  profession.  Excellent  character  from  past  and  present 
employers.— RECTOR,  Chale,  Isle  of  Wight. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  aj^e  29,  married  when 
suited.- R.  Hubbard.  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall, 
Kettering,  Northamptonshire,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man. 
Fifteen  years'  experience  in  good  establishments.  Excellent 
references  from  past  and  present  employers. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  a  man  of  ability 
and  strict  integrity  is  required,  and  the  keeping  of  every- 
thing neat  and  tidy. — Age  35,  married,  two  children  ;  total 
abstainer.  Has  had  twentv  years'  practical  experience  in  the 
Cultivation  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Tomatos, 
Strawberries,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Greenhou'^e  Plants.  Ferns, 
Rosei,  Chrysanthemums  :  Pleasure  Grounds  and  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardens  ;  is  a  good  Plantsman,  and  Fruit  and  Veget- 
able Grower.  Excellent  character.— W.,  Gardener^  Chrotttcle 
Office,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  27  ; 
fourteen  years'  experience,  and  has  a  thorough  practical 
knowledge  of  all  matters  relative  to  Horticulture.  Highly 
recommended.— JNO.  JENKS.  Oaken,  near  Wolverhampton. 

GARDENER  (He.\d  Working).— Age  40, 
married  (one  daughte.-.  age  r^);  upwards  of  twenty 
years'  practical  experience  Highest  references  as  to  character 
and  ability. -B.  DURANTS.  Enfield  Highway,  N. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING) ;  age  28.— 
H.  GlLUERT,  late  Foreman  to  the  Hon.  Lord  Digby.  is 
open  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  in  want  of  a  prac- 
tical man  as  above.  Highly  recommended.— Gardens,  South- 
wick  Park,  Fareham,  Hants 

ARDENER   (He.\d    Working).— Seven- 

teen  years'  experience.  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucum- 
bers, Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  Ferns.  Five  years* 
good  character  from  last  place. -S.  WILSON,  Lexden  Park, 
Colchester.  Essex. 


C:i  ARDENER  (HE.4D    Working),   age    28, 

vJ  married  when  suited  —C^  given  for  assistance  to  obuin 
situation  as  above  :  experienced  in  all  branches.  Well  recom- 
mended. Churchman,  many  years  Chorister.— JOHN  TAY- 
LOR. 80.  Cleaveland  Road,  Surbiton,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Head    Working);   age  27, 

married,  no  family.— A  Gbntlbman  can  highly  recom- 
mend his  Gardener.  Well  up  in  all  branches  and  the  routine 
of  a  Gentleman's  Establishment- H.  D.,  The  Grove  Gardens, 
Elphinstone  Road,  Hastings. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 
or  more  are  kept,  or  SECOND,  in  a  good  esublishmeot. 
— Age  25.  single  ;  nine  years*  experience  of  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  also  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Highly 
recommended, — J.  G.,  Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 


GARDENER.  ^ — Unmarried,  competent  in 
Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers.  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  and  thorough  Cropping  of  Kitchen  Garden, — 
JOHN  BRKEN,  Bromborough,  Birkenhead,  Cheshire. 


GARDENER.— A  Gentleman  wishes  to 
recommend  his  late  Under-Gardener.  who  has  only  left 
him  through  reduction  of  establishment.  More  than  two  years' 
good  character.— E.  W.  CRACROFT,  Esq..  Hackthorn  Hall, 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),— Fourteen 
years'   experience  Inside  and  Out  ;   good   references. — 
GARDENER,  2,  Birch  Terrace,  Orsett,  Essex. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed).  — Young, 
smgle  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  Glass,  Flowers, 
especially  Roses,  and  Herbaceous  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving  Good  character  and  recom- 
mendations.—J.  KEMP,  Great  Warley.  Brentwood,  Essex. 


GARDENER  (Under);  age  20.— G.  Bates 
wishes  to  obtain  a  situation  in  a  good  establishment. 
Can  be  recommended  by  his  present  employer,  Horace  Meltor, 
Esq.,  Beach  House,  Lytham,  Lancashiie. 

ARDENER     (Under),     or     FIRST 

journeyman.  Inside  or  Out,— Age  aa  ;  seven  years' 
experience.  Good  reference. — W.  P.,  6,  Lion  Terrace,  Beamish 
Road,  Putney,  S.W. 


MANAGER.— Wanted,  by  the  late  Manager, 
The  Royal  Vineries,  Jersey,  a  re-appointment.  Well 
up  in  Grapes,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Ferns,  Roses, 
&c.  Would  take  good  private  place.  High  class  testimonials. 
Pay  own  expenses.— McTHUN,  Springfield  Nursene*,  Jersey. 

FOREMAN,  where  two  or  three  are  kept,  in 
the  Houses  — Age  24  ;    can  be  well  recommended  as  to 
ability,  &c — A.  W.,  33,  Salisbury  Road,  Highgate,  London,  N. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  Private  Establishment,— 
Well  experienced  in  all  branches.  Two  years'  good 
character  from  last  place,  Sir  H.  Bromley.  —  G,  EMERY, 
7,  Elgin  Teiiace,  Maida  Vale,  Leudoii,  W, 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  Outdoor,— Age  36;  twenty 
years'  experience  in  Roses,  Conifers.  Fruit,  Forest,  and 
other  Stock,  Management  of  Men,  &c.  Eight  years  in  last 
place.  — HORTUS,  Gardeners'  ChronicU  Office,  4t,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


FOREMAN  ;  age  28.— Lucombe,  Pince  & 
Co.,  Exeter  Nurseries,  Devonshire,  would  be  pleased 
to  hear  of  a  Foreman's  place  for  one  of  good  recommendation  ; 
abstainer.  Ten  and  a  half  years'  experience.  Inside  and  Out, 
in  Noblemen's  and  Gentlemen's  Gardens  ;  knowledge  of  House 
Decorations.     Please  state  wages.     Distance  no  object. 


To  Head  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  otherwise,  in 
a  good  establishment.— Age  38  ;  ten  years*  practica 
experience,  two  years  as  Foreman  in  last  situation, — R.  CAMP, 
Shute  Lodge.  Axminster.  


FOREM.\N  (or  Single-Handed).  —  Age 
35  ;  experienced  in  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  Fruit 
and  Plant  Houses,  Forcing,  &c.  Good  references. —W,  W., 
39A.  New  Inn  Hall  Street.  Oxford.      


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  PLANTS- 
MAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  establishment  — 
Age  26.— G.  WOODMAN,  The  Hyde  Lodge,  Ingatestone, 
Essex. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN.  —  Twenty  -  five 
years'  experience  with  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  &c. 
Could  take  charge  of  a  Branch  Nursery. — E.  H.,  Kingswood 
Place.  Railway  Road,  Teddington. 

NURSERY  FOREMAN,  or  to  take  charge 
of  >mall  Nursery.— Eighteen  years*  practical  experience. 
Wreaths,  Crosses,  Bouquets,  Cut  Flower  and  Plant  Trade, 
also  Grapes.  Cucumbers.  &c.  Good  references. — FLORIST, 
High  Street,  Milton,  Stokeon-Trent. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses.— 

^  Age  74:  eight  years'  experience,  two  years'  good  cha- 
racter. Highly  recommended.  Abstainer. — K.,  Beams,  58, 
High  Street,  Dorking. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out.— Age  23  ; 

O  can  be  well  recom mended. -H.  CROOKS,  HoJbway. 
near  Cromford,  Derby. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  20  ; 
five  years*  experience.  Inside  and  Out.     Good  character. 
— F.   WOODWARD,     The  Garden',    Pierrepont,    Farnham, 


To  Head  Gardeners, 
TOURNEYMAN,  for  the  Houses  ;  age  21.- 

fJ  J.  GoDFKEV,  Aihwick  Hall,  Marshfield,  Chippenhai 
Wilts,  wishes  to  recommend  an  intelligent  young  man  as  abov 
Can  make  himself  useful  in  Kitchen  Garden      Total  abstainer 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment,  where  three  or  four  are  kept. — Age  20; 
three  years'  experience.  Good  reference.  A  small  weekly 
Premium  Bothy  preferred.— E.  LAMBERT,  Horn  Lane, 
Woodford,  Essex. 

LEARNER,  of  Outdoor  Fruit  Cultivation  for 
London  Markets  — Young  ;  board  preferred.  Willing 
to  work.  Premium  offered.— Mr.  REID,  9.  Leconfield  Road, 
Canonbury,  London,  N. 

O  GENTLEMENandNURSERYMEN.— 

A  young  man  (age  19)  seeks  a  situation  in  a  Gentlemaa's 
Garden  or  Nurseries.  Three  years  in  present  situation.  Good 
character,  &c.— J.  MUSGRAVE,  Crakehall,  Bedale. 

Tb"GENTLEMEN'andl^URSERYMEN.— 
Situation  wanted  by  a  young  man.  Understands  Grapes, 
Cucumbers,  Tomatos.  &c.  No  objection  to  be  useful.  Good 
Glazier  ;  handy  at  Repairs  :  own  tools.  Good  character,— 
J.  G..  20,  Southgate  Road,  Islington,  N. 

TO  N  U  R  S  E  R  Y^I  E  N.  —  A  young 
Dutchman  who  has  had  experience  in  Nurseries  in 
Holland  and  Germany  seeks  employment  in  a  Nursery  in 
England.- MEEUWISSEN,  Bookseller  Gallery,  Amsterdam, 
Holland. 

T~  oIjOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 
GARDENERS  —The  Advertiser  wishes  to  place  his 
nephew  (age  17)  under  a  thorough  practical  man.  Would  nrit 
object  to  give  a  small  Premium  -H.  BARNARD,  Chase  Side 
Nursery.  Southgate,  London,  N, 

SHOPMAN,  or  FLORIST'S  SALESMAN. 
— Twenty  years'  experience  —  Wholesale  and  Retail. 
Accustomed  to  a  sharp  all-round  trade.  Good  knowledge  of 
Nursery  Stock  and  its  value.  References. — KENTIA,  164, 
Kilburn  Lane,  London.  W. 

To  MurserTmen  and  Florlats. 

SALESMAN,  FOREMAN,  or  TRAVEL- 
LER. —  Age  ^o ;  fifteen  years'  experience  in  various 
branches  of  the  profession. — H.  H. ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  WellinKton  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

OACHMAN  (Under),  or  PAD  GROOM.— 

Used  to  Hunting,  Light  weight.  Good  character. — 
GEORGE  BOUENE,  Barming,  Maidstone. 

STATE  CARPENTER,  and  turn  his  hand 

to  other  work--Marned.-R.  FRANKS,  4,  Caledon 
Road.  West  Croft,  Carshalton,  Surrey. 

HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Easy  Digestion.— 
These  admirable  Pills  cannot  be  too  highly  appreciated 
for  the  wholesome  power  they  exert  over  all  disorders  of  the 
Stomach,  Liver,  Bowels,  and  Kidneys.  They  instantaneously 
relieve  and  steadily  work  out  a  thorough  Cure,  and  in  its  course 
dispel  Headache,  Biliousness,  Flatulence,  and  depression  of 
spirits.  It  is  wonderful  to  watch  the  daily  improvement  of  the 
complexion,  as  HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  Purify  the  Blood  and 
Restore  Plumpness  to  the  Face  which  had  lost  both  flesh  and 
colour.  These  Pills  combine  every  excellence  desirable  in  a 
domestic  remedy.  The  most  certain  and  beneficial  results  flow 
from  the  occasional  use  of  this  regulating  Medicine ;  even 
persons  in  health,  or  when  foUowinE  sedentary  occupatiooSf  will 
find  it  an  i&nduable  aperient. 


64 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.       -  qulv  ,o,  .sse. 

CONTBACTOBS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC  ADDEESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONrON),  ,g==3  g-ji^r^ 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOiTeRS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  \  ytk  Edition,  price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  Eud. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


PATENT    RELIANCE    EOTAEY 
VALVES. 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  SfREFT,  LONDON,  E.G. 


No.  37. 
No.  63. 


THE    IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HYDRAULIC    RAM. 

This  useful  Self-acting  Apparatus,  which  works  day  and  night  without  needing  attention,  will  raise  water  to 
any  height  or  distance  without  cost  for  labour  or  motive-power,  where  a  few  feet  fall  can  be  obtained,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishments,  Farm  Buildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c, 


DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power. 
PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

Steam  Power.  (Garden?,  &c. 

No.  46a.  IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49a.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  5oandS4<j.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction. 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  for  Ms'.nsions,  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES. 
WATER  WHEELS.  WARMING  APPARATUS.  BATHS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  GASWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particular!  taken  in  any  part  oj  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimatn  furnished. 


No.  49.     C^RDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  54*.  THE    CA.SSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed    for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 

No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    ma    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
commencing for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. _^_ 


1886. 

Months 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  ""^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  ^i  y.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  \is.  \id.  ;    3  Months,  6:r.  ;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £\  6j.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £\  Zs.  2d. 

P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUAT.MOND." 


PrintTlv  Wn  wil  E,r-„..^I     ,  .2    Al'^''  'AV  ^^  ¥'""  '      Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 
,1  W,.  ■ ,.,, V^i.\rr=  ,    .t.  f?i'  ■,,,  «°  °   '^!,^''S-  Braijbury.  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  Oily  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  ihe 

a  WU.LIA11  KICHARDS,  at  the  uace,  41,  WelUngton  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.-SATURDAV.  July  10,  1886.  Agent  for  Manchester-IoriN  Hbvwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


€£{tat)li6f)eti  1841. 


No.  655.-V0L.  XXVI.  {sSf.l}        SATURDAY,  JULY  17.  1S86. 


!    Registered  at  the  General  \      Price    5d. 
[  Post-office  as  a  Newspaper,  j  Pqst-FREE,   sh^- 


CONTENTS. 

Cambridge  Botanic    Gar- 


Chick-houses        .. 
Cocoons  found  in  an  acorn 

at  Cannes 
Colonial  Exhibition 
C  lour,  wo  k  on  .. 
Dendrobium  percnanthum 
Dracontium  Carderi 
"  EngUsh  Botany" 
Extraordina  y  tithes 
Flower  garden,  the 

Foreign  correspondence    . 
Forctr  /       . . 
Fruit  and  flower-growing 
for  market  . . 

ing  of  the  shoots  of 
Fruits  under  glass 
Garden  in  midsummer,  the 
Gladiolus  Watsoaioides  .. 


Ha 


Uelianthemui 
foUum       .. 
"  Hortus  Floridus  " 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Liverpool,  St.  John' 


'Ma 


Misileto  in  July,  ripe 


Odontoglossum  rigidum 
Orchid  houses,  the 

„     notes    and    gle; 
ings 
Pcntstemon,  the   .. 
Phytt 


5  Lambeni3 
l-Unts  and  their 
Potato  disease.  I 


P.iltensca  rosea      .. 
Rock:ry,  the 

Ro;es,   orange  fungus  on 
Scottish  Horticultural  As- 


Senecio  squalidus . . 

Aylesbury  Horticultural 
Ealing,  Acton,  and  Han- 
well  Horticultural  .. 
Ediuburgh  Botanical  .. 
Royal  Horticultural 
Sidcup  Ho 

Tabernaemontana        core 
naria  and  other  specie 
Thysan 'tus  multiflorus    . 
Tsuga  Brunoniana 
Vanda  Lindeni 
Weather,  the 
Wollaston's  Apospory      . 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Phyteuma  comosum 
Kos-,  Orange  Fungus  on  (four  cuts) 
Summer-pruned  Shoot,  a.. 
Tsuga  Uri 


SCOTCH    SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
jyj£    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    regularly,    are  particularly   re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV. C 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


T 


Now  Ready,  in  clotb,  16s. 
'HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

"'      e  XXV.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 
W,  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


BEDFORDSHIRE         AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY'S    SHOW    at    Luton,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
July  at. 

A  GRAND  SHOW  of  FLOWERS  and   FRUITS,  open  to 
the   United    Kingdom,    will   be   hsld    in   connection    with    the 
above,  when  th^  following  VALUABLE  PRIZES,  amongst 
others,  will  be  offered  :— 
10  ORCHIDS,  isi,  .£10  ;  2d,  16  ;  3d,  it 
6    „     ist,  i.6 ;  ad.  ii ;  3d.  li.  ,  ,    , 

12  STOVE  ard  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS.  jst,;(;is  ;  ad.XIio; 
3d,  £5- 

6  ,.   „   ,.   nt,  ii ;  ad.  £s ;  3^.  £3-  ,      .    , 

Also  for  ROSES,  FkUI  TS,  &c.    For  Schedules  and  particulars 

»P£'>',">„  ,    ,  Mr.  S.  C.  OLIVER,  Hon.  Sec. 

Park  Square.  Lutc" 


"rHE    GARDENERS  CHRONICLE 

■i  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Monihs. 

Agent  for  America  :— C.  H.  MAROT.  814.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia.  U  S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 

THE    COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR  of 
GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  Lite  Sir  Joseph 
Paxton,  M.P. 

Reprinted  ftom  the  Cardcners^  Chronicte,  with  numerous 
Alterations  and  Additions. 

Price  3^,  ;  post-free  3^</. 
Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  Wm.  Richards, 
at  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Published  at  the  Office  ol  the  Gardeners*  Chrotttcle^  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HULL,  EAST  RIDING,  and  NORTH 
LINCOLNSHIRE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
A  GRAND  HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBIflON  will  be 
held  in  the  Hull  Botanic  Gardens,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  FRIDAY.  July  14.  15.  and  16.  Upwards 
of  TWO  HUNDRED  GUINEAS  in  Money  Prizes,  besides 
Gold  and  Silver  Medals.     Schedules  and  particulars  of 

PHILIP  MAC  MAHON,  Curator, 

HuU  Botanic  Gardens. 

The  following,  amongst  other  valuable  Prizes,  will  be 
awarded  ;  —  Group  of  Ten  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in 
bloom  (Orchids  excluded),  and  Six  Ornamental,  Fine-foliage  or 
Variegated  Plants,  distinct  varieties,  ist  Prize.  £\^  and  the 
Society's  Gold  Medal ;  2d  Prize,  ^lo  ;  3d  Prize,  £s. 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE  HORTICUL- 
TURAL  SOCIETY;)  GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW, 
Delapre  Park,  Northampton,  AUGUST  2  and  3  {Bank  Holiday 
and  following  day).  Xas  in  Prizes.  For  best  sixteen  Plants, 
Lii,  £>o.  £s;  Central  Group  for  Conseivatory  Decoration, 
£9.  £6,  £i  101.  ;  twenty.four  Roses,  £3.  £t.  £t.  &c.  Entries 
close  July  24.     Schedules  and  lull  particulars  from 

A.   FORBES,  Secretary,  NorlhampK 


ATLOCK    BATH    HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY'S  FIFTEENTH  EXHIBITION,  en 
SATURDAY,  August  7.  Upwards  of  ilXTY  POUNDS 
given  in  PRIZES  in  Class  open  to  all  England.  For  Schedules 
ipply  to  Mr.  A.  CLARK,  Matlock  Bath. 


NARCISSUS. —  All   the   best   varieties   for 
cutting  and  for  eveiy  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Speci  il  Trade  offer,  which  may  be  had  upon  application. 

THOMAS  S.  WARE,  Hale   Farm   Nurseries,   Tottenham, 
London. 


jJRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 

Jtr  —Seventeenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  u.  Sd.  per  dozen  ;  loj.  per  too  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Also  Double  White  Primulas, 
id.  each.-JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

LEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 

Strong  flowering  Plants  (4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
"  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready.  3s  each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS,  in  pots,  ij.  6d.,li.,\.o  is.6d. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 


PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 
— Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.  First-class 
strains  (still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
la  years).  PRIMULAS  and  CINERARIAS-12  for  ts.6d., 
24  for  ai.  bd  .  100  for  9!.      CVCLAMEN-12  for  ar. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Altiincham  ; 
la.  Market  Street,  Manchester^ 


ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  151.  to  361. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  00  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Now  Keady. 

TEA  and   NOISETTE    ROSES,    in    Pots, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  great  quantity,  and  ol  best  possible 
quality.     Priced  LIST  gratis.      A  Sample  Dozen  will  be  put  on 
rail,  carefully  packed  for  travelling,  on  receipt  of  13*.  dd. 
EWING  and  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant.  Hants. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.  VAN   TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     HolUnd.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to  „  „     . 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  as.  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


To  the  Trade  Only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Haarlem, 
•  Holland,  have  just  Published  their  Wholesale  CATA- 
LOGUEfor  the  Season  i886.37(75ih  year.  No.  385A),  ol  Dutch 
Flower  Roots  and  Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  Tuberous  rooted 
Plants. 

The  Catalogue  was  sent  to  all  the  Correspondents  of  the 
establishment  who  have  a  right  to  it,  and  will  be  sent  as  well  on 
prepaid  application  to  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 
only.  


Hyacinths.  TuUps,  Crocus,  &c. 

THE       NEW      WHOLESALE      TRADE 
CATALOGUE  is  now  ready,   and  will  be  forwarded, 
post.free,  on  application. 

E.  J.  LOMANS,  Haarlem,  Holland. ^   _ 

PR  I  M  U  L AS,   D0U~FlE   WHITE, 
4J  per  dozen.  3or.  per  too. 
TAYLOR  AND  CO.,   Nurserymen,  Timperley,  Cheshire. 


PEACHES  — NECTARINES— PEACHES. 
—During  the  present  month  we  can  obtain  good  prices 
for  first-class  Fruit  of  the  above. 

WISE   AND   RIDES,    Fruit  and   Flowsr  Salesmen,    Fruit 
Market,  and  360.  Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  London,W.C. 

ANTED,    COMMISSIONS   in 

CLOVERS.  GRASSES,  GARDEN  and  AGRI- 
CULTURAL SEEDS  for  Biistcl,  West  of  England,  and  South 
Wales.  P.  O.,  Atheoxum,  Bristol. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


ANTED,    CUTTINGS  of  good  SHOW 

PELARGONIUMS. 
W.     and    J,     BROWN,    Stamfoid. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class  Certificate).— See  full  description  in  Gardtntri' 
Ckronicll,  July  10.  ,  ,j  . 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,   SJ.   and  is.  <ia.  , 
6  for  air.  and  3or 

E.   G.    HENDERSON   and    SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W^ 

pARNATION  "PRIDE  of  PENSHURST." 

Kj  —The  most  beautiful  yellow  (First.ctass  Certificate  Royal 
Horticultural  Society).  Vigorous  grower,  perpetual  bloomer, 
suitable  lor  either  pot  culture  or  borders,  perfectly  hardy,  forces 
well.  Healthy,  weU  rooted  plants,  established  in  pots,  of  this 
lovely  variety,  rzt.  per  dozen  :  sample  plant  post-free  for 
fifteen  penny  stamps. 

F.  WEBBER.  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS     METHVEN     and     SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,   in  five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet,  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wallleaved.  at 
ij..  ar.  6d.,  &  sr.  each  colour.  Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 

LEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 

The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Pnce 
of  3S.  each.      The  value  of  strong  j-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  all. 


PALMS.— A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  elegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high.  41.  per  dozen,  asr.  per  100,  Seaforthia  eleeans,  Latania 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaging  ao  inches  high,  lar. 
per  dozen  ;  less  quantity,  tj.  3d.  each.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-fVee.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill.  London,  N. 

FOR  SALE,  40,000  GENISTAS  in  thumbs, 
good  planu  for  shifting  to  48's,  at  13J.  per  100;  ij.  per 
too  for  cases  and  packing  ;  for  Cash  only.  Post-office  orders 
payable  at  Leyton  Green.  ,    „  „      , 

T.  BALDWIN  and  SON,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road, 
Leytoi 


LOVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  3d. 
W   LOVEL  and  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 


The  New  Eaapberry, 

LORD  BEACONSFIELD. 
A  Seedling. 
Finest  Raspberry  and  best  Cropper  in  England.  First-cIass 
Certificate  awarded  by  the  Royal  Horticultuial  Society.  1883. 
Now  to  be  seen  in  full  fruit.  Fruitery,  a}^  miles  from  Kiutbury 
Station,  G.W.  R.  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners  are  invited  to  an 
inspection.  ,  ,     , 

A.    FAULKNOR.    Inkpen,    Hungetford. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  is.  6i.,  ss.  id, 
and  loi.  id.,  or  i  cwt.  hags,  sealed,  1 3s.  each.  By  all  Nuisety- 
men  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheflield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

'  12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  tree  hy  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quaUty  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  £i  is.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FI  BKOUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  Americai.  Plant  Beds,  ISJ. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bags,  2Zi  id  ;  10  Bags, 
av  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lol.  6<i.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND  Coarse  or  Fine,  sas  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO  .  Faroboroufih   Station,  Hams. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTIERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  ever  v  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  I    Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 

Esiablished  i854j 

First  Arrival  New  Archangel  Mats  this  Season. 

J      BLACKBURN     AND     SONS    are    now 
•     prepared  to  quote  Prices   o  Buyers  on 
4  and  5.  Wormwood  street    LondM 


,  EC. 


To  Nurserymen.  Seed  Merchants,  and  Flcrlsts. 

JBLAlKBUKN  and  suns  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5.  Wotmwocd  Street,  London.  E.C. 

ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worie,  Manures,  &c.      Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C, 


66 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


QULY   17,    18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Tuesday   Next. 

BRAZILIAN   ORCHIDS   and   PLANTS. 

Collected  and  brought  to  this  country  by  Mons.  S.  A. 

Bataillard,  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  of  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
July  so,  230  plants  of  L.  CINNABARINA,  350  L.  PERRINII, 
lOooSOPHRONITISGRANDIFLORA.  3o)S.COCCINEA; 
also  fine  specimens  of  VRIESI A  GII5ANTEA,  V.  FENEf- 
TRIS,  COCOS  GLAZIOVA,  EUTERPE  EDULIS  FOLIIS 
VARIEGATIS,  PALM  SEEDS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 

NEW  CATTLEYA,  collected  and  sent  home  by  Mr.  F.  Mau. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM  HASTILABIUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Cfntral  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  63,  Cheapside.  E.G.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  20, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Mau.  a 
grand  importation  of  a  quite  new  CATTLEYA  from  a  hitherto 
unsearched  district,  as  is  confirmed  by  the  enormous  and 
perfect  specimens  which  are  offered.  The  habit  of  t'le  plant  is 
somewhat  in  the  way  of  Cattleya  Mendelii.  but  the  bulbs  are 
much  stronger,  and  the  leaves  are  of  a  thick  leathery  texture, 
very  broad  :  flowers  large,  measuring  to  9  inches  across ;  sepals 
and  petals  of  a  delicate  ro^e  to  pure  white  ;  lip  very  large,  deep 
magenta-purple,  with  yellow  in  the  centre,  and  beautifully 
fringed  edges.  Dried  flowers  will  be  on  view.  Some  of  the 
masses  have  over  too  bulbs.  Also  a  fine  lot  of  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM HASTILABIUM.  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Furze  Down  Park.  Tooting  Common,  S.W. 

Eight  minutes'  walk  from  Tooting  Junction  Station. 
IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  CHOICE  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    Valuable  ORCHIDS. 
&c..    by  order  of  Charles  Seely,  Esq.,  who  is  leaving  the 
neighbourhood. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  21, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  VALUABLE  COL- 
LECTION of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
including  many  handsome  specimen  Stephanotis  in  tubs : 
Eucharis,  ImaDtophyllums,  Crotons,  Dracsenas  ;  several  beauti- 
ful Palms  and  Tree  Ferns  ;  smaller  Palms  and  Ferns  in  quanti- 
ties ;  fine  specimen  Camellias  and  Azaleas  :  amongst  the  latter 
being  several  large  white  varieties  useful  for  cutting  ;  a  fine  as- 
sortmenlof  Established  Orchids,  comprising  eighty  Dendrobiuras 
for  cut  flower;  Vandas  Aerides,  cool  Odontoglots,  M.ltoni.as; 
many  fine  examples  cf  Greenhouse  Rhododendrons,  Garden 
Seats,  Pots  &c. 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had 
of  the  He.id  Gardener,  Mr.  R.  Laing,  on  the  Premises  ;  and 
of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  6^,  Cheapside,  London,  K.C. 

Friday  Next..— Imported  Orchids. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUC  TION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  23, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  following  ORCHIDS  :  — 
From  Messrs.  Shuttlewonh,  Carder  &  Co  ,  CATTLEYA 
SKINNERII,  in  splendid  condition,  and  fine  masses  ;  C. 
SPECIOSISSIMA.  C.  SANDERIANA,  and  ODON  ro- 
GLOSSUM  ALEXANDRA,  of  the  best  style. 

From  the  New  Plant  Company  ;— ONCIDIUM  PAPILIO, 
O.  LURIDUM.  O.  JUNCI  FOLIUM,  ODON  rOGLOSSUM 
HASTILABIUM,  and  O.  CORONARIUM,  &c. 

Also  a  quantity  of  DENDROBIUMS  in  variety,  and  other 
IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  and  other  property. 

On  view  mornine  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Orchids  In  Flower. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg    to    announce    their    next    SPECIAL    SALE    of 
ORCHIDS  in   FLOWER  will    take  place  on  TUESDAY, 


July  27,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  t 


:  of  entries 


Harrow  Road.  W. 
By  order  of  the  Executors  of  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Baller. 


Cle; 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The  Wood- 
field  Nursery,  Harrow  Road,  W.,  close  to  Westboume  Park 
Station,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  28,  at  twelve  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely, the  whole  of  ihe  well. grown  stock-in-trade  consisting  of 
a  magnificent  collection  of  2000  SUCCULENTS,  a  collection 
probably  unequalled  in  this  country  ;  a  variety  of  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  ;  2000  Ferns  and  Palms,  specimen 
Palms  and  other  plants  for  furnishing  :  600  fine  healthy  Arau- 
caria  excelsa  in  48  pots  ;  the  Erections  of  Five  GREEN- 
HOUSES, iioo  feet  HOT.WATER  PIPING,  BOILERS, 
nearly  new  Spring  Market  VAN.  Pony  CART,  spring  VAN, 
cipital  Brown  MARE,  PONY,  MOULD,  LOAM,  MANURE, 
and  other  effects. 

r  day  prior  to  sale  ;  catalogues  had  on  the  premises, 


Chertsey. 

In  the'village  of  Thorpe,  about  20  miles  from  London,  in  a 
healthy  and  picturesque  neighbourhood,  twenty. five 
minutes'  walk  from  Egham  or  Virginia  Water  Station^. 

IMPORTANT  to  GENTLEMEN  and  OTHERS  seeking 
a  compact  FREEHOLD  ESTATE,  with  advantages  for 
combining    business   with   pleasure.     For    Sale,  with  pos- 

M'e'sSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  owner  and  occupier,  who  is 
leaving  the  neighbourhood,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  the 
Mart,  Tokenhouse  Yard,  City.  E.C..  on  THURSDAY.  July  29, 
at  2  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  FREEHOLD  ESTATE, 
known  as  the  West  End  Fruit  Garden,  Thorpe,  near  Chertsey. 
embracing  a  total  area  of  about  19  Acres  of  excellent  Land,  well 
stocked  with  Fruit  Trees  and  Bushes  in  bearing  condition,  and 
Market  Garden  Produce.  There  is  a  modern  brick-built  Resi- 
dence, containing  seven  Bedrooms,  Dres.sing-roora,  fitted  Bath- 
room, three  Reception-rooms,  two  Kilcheos,  and  domestic 
offices,  numerous  Glass  Ereciionsand  Sheds.  brick-buiTt  Cottage 
and  Stablmg  ;  the  iruit  garden  i';  bounded  on  one  side  by  a  con- 
crete wall,  630  feet  in  length.  The  property  has  a  frontage  of 
iioo  feet  10  the  road  from  Staines  and  Windsor  to  Chertsey,  a 
portion  of  which  cin  be  easily  utilised  for  building,  without 
detriment  to  the  remainder  of  the  land.  The  entire  Estate 
possesses  3  great  prospective  building  value,  and  a  portion 
contains  a  valuable  bed  of  the  best  gravel  to  a  good  depth. 

May  be  viewed.     Particulars,  plan,    and  conditions  of  Sale 
may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  at  the  Mart,  E.G. ;  of  W.  Sharp, 


Wednesday  next— (Sale  No.  7189) 
ESTABLISHED   ORCHIDS,    STOVE   PLANTS,  &c..  the 
property  of  a  Gentleman. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  July  21,  at  half- 
past  twelve  o'clock  precisely  :-A  fine  COLLECTION  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  STOVE  and  other  PLANTS, 
the  property  of  a  Gentleman  giving  up  their  culture,  com- 
prising Cattleyas.  Cypripediums.  Dendrobes  in  quantity, 
Calanthes,  Oncidiums,  and  other  ORCHIDS  ;  also  ALO- 
CASIAS.  CROTONS.  CYPRUS  ALTERNIFOLIUS, 
DRAC/ENAS.  EUCHARIS,  GARDENIAS,  IXORAS, 
CALADIUMS,  ACHIMENES,  GLOXINIAS,  ADI. 
ANTUMS.  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7190.) 
CYPRIPEDIUM  GODEFROY/F.  in  flower,  magnificent  var. 
CYPRIPEDIUM,  new  v,iriety  in  flower. 
CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA,  fine  varieties  in  flower. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E,  specially  fine  forms  in 
TRICHOPOLIA  GALHOriANA,  rare.  [flower. 

MASDEVALLIA  BACKHOUSIANA,  fine  specimen. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  his  Great  Rooms,  ^8,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W.  C  ,  on  1  IIURSDAY  NEXT.  July  I2,  at  h.ilf  past 
12  o'clock,  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  the  above 
fine  ORCHIDS,  also  VANDA  SANDERIANA.  MOR- 
MODES  LUXATUM  EBURNEUM.  CATTLEYA  WAR- 
NERII,  CYPRIPEDIUM  NlTANS.&c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Whittlesey,  near  Peterborough,  Cambridgeshire. 

To   NURSERYMEN   and    FLORISTS. 

MESSRS.  S.  GREGORY  and  SON  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION  at  the  "  Fslcon  "  Hotel,  in 
Whittlesey,  on  FRIDAY,  July  23,  at  7  o'Clock  in  the  evening 
precisely,  a  NURSERY  BUSINESS,  lately  carried  on  by 
Mr.  James  Loomes.  The  Glass  comprises  50-foot  House, 
50X13:  three  Houses,  50X9;  one  House  22X  12,  and  several 
pits.  "The  Houses  were  recently  built  and  in  good  repair,  acd 
heated  by  Hot  Water  on  the  best  principle.  1  he  Ground  com- 
prises about  5,'2  acres,  half  an  acre  ot  which  is  sub-let  to  a 
Tennis  Club.  The  stcck  consists  of  about  3000  Rose  Trees, 
Conifers,  and  other  Shrubs,  nearly  2  acres  of  Potatos.  and 
about  three-quarters  of  an  acre  of  Strawberiies.  The  houses  are 
well. stocked  with  Pelargoniums,  Coleus,  Ferns,  &c.  Immediate 
possession  and  assistance  in  managing  the  business  for  the  first 
few  weeks  if  required,  and  the  Purchaser  can  have  a  lease  of 
the  ground  for  ten  years.  The  Premises  are  well  situated  for 
Railway  coramunicalion.  The  whtle  will  be  offered  in  one  lot. 
For  further  particulars,  and  to  view  apply  to  Messrs.  S. 
GREGORY  AND  SON,  Auctioneers,  Highcauseway, 
Whittlesey. 

Botbtrell  Castle  Collection  of  Heaths 

Very  Impjrtant  Public  Sale  of  the  RARE  and  CHOICE 
COLLECTION  of  Heaths  in  Boihwell  Castle,  Bothwell, 
N.  B  ,  cultivated  by  the  late  Mr.  Andrew  TurnbuU  for  the 
Right  Honotable  the  Earl  of  Home. 

MESSRS.  MORRISON,  DICK,  and 
M'CULLOCH  are  instructed  by  the  Right  Honourable 
the  Earl  of  Home  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  in  Houses  Nos.  i 
and  2,  Bothwell  Castle,  Bothwell,  N.  B..  on  THURSDAY, 
July  29,  at  t2  o'clock  Noon,  the  COLLECTION  of  RARE  and 
CHOICE  HEATHS,  well  known  as  the  most  important  and 
unique  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  containing  many  Varieties 
confined  to  this  collection. 

The  Book  of  ihe  Garden  says : — "  The  cultivator  can  scarcely 
err  in  possessing  himself  of  the  difl'erent  varieties  originated  by 
such  men  as  Mr.  Turnbull  of  Bothwell  Castle,  who  has  we  be- 
lieve raised  more  excellent  varieties  than  any  other  man  of  his 

The  whole  will  be  on  View  in  the  Houses  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  and  Wednesday,  July  26,  27.  and  28,  from  ro  A.M. 
to  4  p  M. ,  and  on  Forenoon  up  till  Hour  of  Sale.  To  prevent 
overcrowding,  admission  by  Catalogue  only  (price  Sixpence, 
returnable  to  all  purchasers),  on  application  at  our  office,  98, 
Sauchiehall  Street,  Glasgow  J  or  forwarded  by  post  on  receipt 
of  Sixpence  in  Stamps. 

MORRISON,  DICK,  and  M'CULLOCH,  Auctioneers. 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited, 
Have  a  large  and  fine  stock  of 
EAST  INDIAN,   MEXICAN,   and  other  ORCHIDS  ;  and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  fresh    Importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  also  of  fresh  importa- 
tions as  received,  forwarded  on  application. 

The  Company  have  also  a  large  stock  of  TEA  and  other 
ROSES  in  pots,  GRAPE  VINES,  FERNS,  and  other  ORNA- 
MENTAL PLANTS. 

LISTS  with  full  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD   and   NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,  LIVERPOOL. 
ADDRESS  for  TELEGRAMS-"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 


FOE 


SALE. 


NURSERY  AND  SEED  BUSINESS. 

THE  OLD-ESTABLISHED  NURSERY 
and  SEED  BUSINESS,  so  successfully  carried  on  for 
upwards  of  60  years  by  THOMAS  IMRIE  and  SONS,  AYR. 

The  Nursery  Grounds,  extending  to  about  45  acres,  adjoin 
the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  and  there  are  commodious  premises  for  carrying 
on  the  Seed  Business.  The  Business  may  be  Sold  either  as 
one,  or  Nursery  and  Seed  separately  :  and  is  being  disposed  of 
solely  on  account  of  Mr.  Imrie's  delicate  state  of  health. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to  THOMAS  IMRIE 
AND  SONS,  Ayr,  N.B.— June  11,  18S6. 

BERKS 

TO      BE      LET     OR     SOLD, 

as  a  thorough  going  concern, 
A  NUBSEBT, 

Comprising  3J^  acres,  about  50  miles  from  London, 

with  Shop  in  Market  Place. 

Good    Dwelling    House,    Greenhouse,    Frames,    &c. 

For  particulars,  apply  to  J.    FLOOD,    57,   Albert   Street, 

MomingtOD  Crescent,  London,  N.W. 


FOR  IMMEDIATE  DISPOSAL,  a 
FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.-The  Proprietor  of  a  large 
and  highly  lucfative  business,  in  full  swing,  which  has  been 
estabhshed  for  over  twenty  years,  and  is  beautifully  j,iiuated 
in  the  main  road,  Bayswater,  known  as  Bayswatsr  HUI,  and 
commands  the  traffic  from  the  piincipal  entrance  to  Kensington 
Garden?,  is  desirous  of  disposing  of  the  same.  There  is  an 
unexpired  term  of  fifteen  years  to  run  of  the  present  lease,  at  an 
exceptionally  low  rental,  and  the  trade  return  represents  a 
large  amount  per  annum.  The  books  show  various  records  o( 
Royal  patronage,  and  a  clientele  which  includes  a  great 
number  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  of  London,  also  of  numerous 
Country  patrons.  To  those  seeking  a  good  Floral  Business 
this  is  confidently  recommended  as  a  first-class  investment.  It 
is  especially  suited  to  a  partnership  where  the  ccmbined 
energies  of  two  or  more  practical  men  would  conduce  to  a  great 
increase,  as  a  large  portion  of  the  business  is  in  Ball  and  Kout 
furnishing,  and  in  the  ever  increasing  demand  for  0oral  decora- 
tions m  refined  society  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  whole 
stock,  plant,  goodwill,  and  lease,  will  be  sold  together  as  a 
going  concero,  as  the  Proprietor,  being  practically  single- 
handed  in  the  management,  now  finds  it  much  too  great  a  strain 
upon  him,  and  he  wishes  to  retire  in  consequence  of  ill-health. 

Fuither  particulars  will  only  be  furnished  to  Principals  or 
their  Solicitors.     Apply  to 

J.  A.  KING.  ^9,  Queen's  Road,  B,iyswater,  London.  W. 

To  Gardeners  and  Amateurs. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  Detached  Twelve-roomed 
HOUSE,  with  abcut  2  Acres  of  GARDEN  GROUND 
of  the  richest  quality,  producing  a  great  quantity  of  Fruit  and 
Vegetables  (2  to  3  tons  of  Tomatos  and  several  hundredweight 
of  Grapes  last  year).  3^^  miles  west  cf  London.  Price  j^zyjo, 
with  possession. 

E.  AND  F.  SWAIN,  Ager.ts,  82,  High  Street,  Netting 
Hill  Gate,  W.     (3795). 

London,  N. 

A  few  doors  from  railway  itaiion.  in  a  good  neighbourhood. 

"PLORIST'S      and      SEED      SHOP      and 


HOUSE.— Long  Leai 
;£250.     A  capital  opening. 

Apply    to    PROTHEROE 
Cheapside,  E.C. 


Stcck,  Fixtures,  and  Good-will, 
AND    MORRIS,    67    and 


TO  BE  LET,  ON  LEASE,  MARKET 
GARDEN  GROUND  at  Camberwell,  close  to  the  sta- 
tion on  the  London,  Chatham  and  Dover  Railway,  containing 
about  25  acres,  being  within  three  miles  of  Covent  Garden  and 
other  Metropolitan  Markets. 

For  particulars,   app'y  to  Messrs.   DRIVER  and  CO.,  4, 
Whitehall,  London.  S.  W. 

T'  ITTeT,  a  NURSERY  GARDEN  and 
good  walled.in  GARDEN  and  HOUSE,  suitable  for 
Boarding-house,  situated  on  the  South  Coast  ;  7  or  8  acres  of 
Land.  Has  been  chiefly  used  for  growing  shrubs,  medicinal 
herbs,  and  flowers.  Present  crop  to  be  taken  at  valuation. 
R.  LAM  BE,  Elatchington,  Seaford. 

PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  63.  Cheapside.  London,  E.C,  and  at  Leytoa- 
stone,  E.      Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Sumford  Hill,  N. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.'S 

NORWEGIAN 

FISH -POTASH    MANURE. 

Fish  Manure  is  composed  of  flesh  and  bone — the  best 
of  all  fertilising  materials,  and  in  combination  with  pure 
Salts  of  Potash  and  Magnesia  forms  a  perfect  fertiliser, 
as  it  contains  the  important  ingredients  of  Ammonia, 
Phosphates  and  Potash  in  their  most  concentrated  and 
available  iorm.  It  is  equally  valuable  for  Farm  Use,  for 
Fruits.  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  produces  wonderful 
growth,  especially  with  Vines. 


The  Average  Mamirial  Constituents  are  as  follows  :^ 
Cod  Fisli  and  Potash.      Herring  and  Potasli. 

Per  Cent.  _  Per  Cent. 

7.0  ..  ..  Ammonia        ..     ..     8.30 

20.0  ..  ..  Phosphates    ..     ..     g.o 

15.0  ..  ..  Potash 15-0 

10.0  ..  ..  Magnesia       ..      ..   10.0 

Or,  in  other  words,  a  ton  of  COD  FISH  and  POTASH 
is  composed,  approximately,  of-^ 
ic  Cwt.  of  Dried  Fish  Flesh— Organic  Matter. 
4    „      of  Dried  Fish  Bone— Phosphates. 
3     „      Sulphate  of  Potash. 
3     ,,      Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 
I    „      of  Moisture,  and  ingredients  not  of 
—  maniu-ial  value. 

The  Prices  are  £10  per  Ton  (bags  included)  for  the  COD» 
and  £9  for  the  HERRING,  on  Rails  in  the  Docks,  subject  to 
Discount  for  prompt  Cash. 


Retail  Prices,  Carriage  Paid,  i^pon  receipt  of  F.OO. 

IN  TINS.-2  lb.  for  II. ;  and 

IN  BAGS,  7  lb.,  2j.;  14  lb.,  4^.:  z8  lb.,  6.r.  6*/. ;  56  lb.,  10*.  td. 

iji  cwL,  20s. ;  2  cwt.,  30J.      Bags  free. 


^^  Apply  to  all  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO., 
10,   ST,    HELEN'S  PLACE,   LONDON,    E.C. 


i 


July  17,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


67 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4^.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  ton&), 

ios. ;  4-bushel  bags,  4^.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.   6d.    per   sack  ; 

5  sacks  25^.  ;  sacks,  ^.  each. 
BLACK  FlBROUa  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  lu. ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  it.  gi.  per  bushel;  isj.  per  half 
ton,  26^.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II.  p.!-.  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6<ir.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Pri 
Qusillty,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (AU  sacks  included. 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    51.  per  sack  :  5  sacks  for  22r.  dd, 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   4s.  fid.       „       5  sacks  for  201. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    51.  &^.       „       5  sacks  for  25J. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "k 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  I  ir.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  mciuded). 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  to.,  per  bush.,  14J.  half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     8</.  lb.    28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Spe'cialitiJ)    Srf.  lb.,  2S  lb  i8r. 

MUSHROOM  SfAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     ss.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

allkindsofPlants,  Flowers.  Fruitf,Veeetables,Sc.  Tins,  is.erf. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  35.;  14  lb.,  51.;  281b..  81.;  561b.,  14'.:  icwt,  22s. 
VIRGIN  CORK,   bestqualily  only_i4lb,  3s.;  28  lb.,  5s.  6rf.; 

56  lb  ,  lOJ.  ^d. :  I  cwt  ,  17s.  Lper  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2j.  (id. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13;.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,   30s.     Truck -load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2S.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,   E. 


iiiiiiiiiiiiii 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

Sealed  Bags  only, 

7  lb.        14  lb.        28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 

W    "4/6"    7/6"    T276     20A 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE   MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,    LONDON,    E. 


SMITH'S    WEED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


Effectually  Destroys 
Weeds,  Moss,  Dande- 
lions, &c..  on  Garden 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


MARK      SMITH, 

MaDufacturing  Chemist, 

LOUTH,        LINCOLNSHIRE. 


EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

James  Veitch  &  Sons 


BBG  TO   ANNOUNCE  ' 


THE  ABOVE  VALUABLE  BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORCING, 

And  will  be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 

ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERY,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  LONDON,  S.W. 


NEVv^  ORCHIDS, 

Brought  home  by  Mr.  EDWARD   WALLACE. 

A  NEW  CATTLEYA,  provisionally  named  C.  WALLACE!.  Collected  in  quite  a  new 
locality.  The  bulbs  resemble  somewhat  those  of  a  Triana:  ;  the  flowers  nearly  as  large,  but  being 
SELF-COLOURED  are  like  those  of  a  large  Eldorado  splendens  ;  lip,  same  colour  as  sepals  and 
petals,  WITH  RICH  ORANGE  THROAT.  MANY  ARE  PURE  WHITE,  others  nearly  so. 
VERY  FLORIFEROUS  AND  FRAGRANT.  6-8  FLOWERS  WERE  SEEN  ON  ONE 
SPIKE.  Flowers  after  C.  Trian^e  is  over.  FROM  A  COOL  LOCALITY,  AMONG  THE 
MOUNTAINS,  ABOUT  3000  FEET  ABOVE  SEA  LEVEL  ;  therefore  as  easily  grown  as 
C.  Triana;.     Dried  flowers  on  view. 

NEW  EPIDENDRUM,  provisionally  called  E.  WALLACEI.  In  the  way  of  E.  Stamfordi- 
anum,  BUT  DIFFERENT  AND  FAR  FINER;  has  much  broader  and  shorter  foliage  (obovate) 
than  that  species  ;  is  MORE  FLORIFEROUS  AND  RICHER  COLOURED.  Collected  at 
an  elevation  of  1500  FEET  ABOVE  SEA  LEVEL.  Grows  aloft,  in  tufts,  on  trees.  The  spikes 
are  emitted  in  pairs  from  the  base  of  the  bulbs,  and  were  seen  to  descend  1  —  2  feet,  with  3 — 5 
branches,  and  with  LARGE  ROUND  BUNCHE.-,  OF  WHITE  OR  ROSY-LILAC 
FLOWERS  ;  a  most  beautiful  sight.  Described  by  Mr.  Wallace  as  like  great  BUNCHES  OF 
WHITE  OR  RICHL-Y-XOLOURED  LILAC.     Plants  breaking  well.     Dried  flowers  on  view. 

A  NEW  SOBRALTA-LIKE  PLANT,  bears  bunches  of  flowers  looking  on  the  mountain 
side  like  MASSES  OF  SNOW. 

A  WHITE  BLETIA,  found  growing  on  the  mountain  slopes  in  grass  and  loamy  soil ;  with  a 
GRAND  SCHOMBURGHIA,  AND  SEVERAL  OTHER  NOVELTIES. 


THE  NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  COLCHESTER. 


NATIVE  GUANO,  price  £z  \os.  per  ton,  in 
bags  on  rail,  Aylesbury.  L^ts  under  lo  cwt.  a,s.  per 
cwt.  A  i-cwt.  sample  bag  sent,  carriage  paid,  to  any  station  in 
England  on  receipt  of  Postal  Order  for  5J. 

Extracts  from  Tenth  Annual  Collection  of  Reports  —Native 
Guano  for  PoUtos. — H.  S.  iiASTV,  Great  Toiham,  Essex  :— 
"Used  for  Potatos.  Good.  Consider  this  manure  about  the 
best  for  Potatos,  Very  economical.  Took  about  twenty  prizes." 
Native  Guano  for  Vegetables  and  Fruit  Trees.— J.  Smith, 
Head  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Ro-';ebery  ;— "  Used, 
for  Pears,  OnionSf  Lettuces,  Cabbages,  Potatos.Turnips,  and  Ftuit 
Trees.  Onions  a  splendid  crop.  Other  crops  most  satisfactory," 
Native  Guano  for  Vines,  Roses,  Strawberries,  Pot  Plants,  &c.— 
J.  TowNSEND,  Florist.  Putney  :  — "  Used  for  Celery,  Roses, 
Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Chrysanthemums,  Pelargoniums,  Fuch- 
sias, &c.  Excellent  results.  Best  and  safest  manure  I  have 
tried. "  D.Williams,  Gardener  to  Lord  Wimborne  :— "  Used  for 
Vines,  Strawberries  in  pots.  Peaches,  Asparagus,  Onions,  Sec. 
Very  good  on  all  kinds  tned."  A.  F.  Barron,  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  Chiswick  :  —  "Without  doubt  a  very  valuable 
manure,  and  easy  of  application."— Orders  to  THE  NATIVE 
GUANO  CO.  (Limited),  29,  New  Bridge  Street,  Blackfriars, 
London,  E.G.,  where  Pamphlets  ot  Testimonials  may  be  obtained. 

IIIIFOB,T.ANT    TO    OABDENERS. 


BENTLEY'S  WEED  DESTROYER. 

Invaluable  for  the  Destruction  of  Weeds 

and  Moss  on  Garden  Walks  and 

Carriage  Drives. 

Particulars  sent  Post-free. 


BECK     CHEMICAL     WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 

and  CRICKET  PITCHES,  use 

BE       L      L      I       C       I       D       E  , 
the  DAISYand  WEED  ERADICATOR.    Manufac- 
tured by  HURST  AND  SON,  152,  Houndsditch.  London,  E. 
To  be  obtained  (with  needful  instructions)  from  all  SeedsnieD 
and  Florists  every  where.    Sample  Dredger-canister,  if.  per  post. 

ROSES   AND    CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

To  obtain  finest  Growth  and  Flowers,  use 

JENSEN'S 
Norwegian    Fish    Potash    Manure. 

Apply  to  all  Nurserymen,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO.    (Limited), 
No.   10,    ST.    HELEN'S     PLACE,    E.C. 

ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Tnrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  adce  against 
American  BliKht.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  35.,  and  loj.  6rf. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  u.,  (rem  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

PURE     WOOD     CHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 


BEST     TOBACCO     ROLL     PAPER    and 
CLOTH,  at  Lowest  Price. 
I.  DENYN,  Manufactuier,   removed  to  77,  Downs  Road, 
Clapton.  E.   

AMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

should  be  without.     Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
easily  manufactured. 
P.  B.  HARKIN.  Importer.  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 


B 


Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,     I  yard    wide,    \d.; 
s  yards.  ^\id.  ;    4  yards,  ^d.       A  considerable  reduction 
on  quantities  of  500  yards  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 
My  first  rarcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
prime  quality.     Prices  on  application, 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  eomraercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Registered  Telfgraphic  Addkess— JATEA,  LONDON. 

RADE  ONLY.  —JOHN  SHAW  AND 
CO,  30  and  31,  Oxford  Street,  Manchester.  Manu- 
facturers 01  Tiffany,  Netting,  and  all  other  Shading  and 
Protecting  Materials.  No.  i  TIFFANY,  20  yards  long, 
38  inches  wide,  in  not  less  than  10  pieces,  ar.  each.  N0.2 
TIFFANY,  20  yards  lone,  $3  inches  wide,  mineralised,  in  not 
less  than  ro  pieces,  is,  ^d.  each.  Cash  with  older.  Price  Lists 
on  apijlication.     Special  prices  fnr  laree  quantities. 

XTRA  STRONG  TANNED  NET.— Ripe 

Fruit.  Tennis  Court,  or  Poultry  Run,  i-inch  mesh.  2  yards 
wide,  i%d.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  -^d.  per  yard  ;  or  2  yards 
wide,  lOiT.  per  too;  4  yards  wide,  2oi  per  100  yards.  New 
TWINE  NETTING,  I  yard  wide,  20'.  per  yard  ;  ayardswide, 
^d.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  Zd.  per  yard.  CuTToN  NET, 
nine  meshes  to  square  inch,  i]^  yajd  wide,  ^d.  per  yard  run. 
W.  CL'LLINGFuRD,   Forest  Gate.  E. 

NETTING     FOR     FRUIT    TREES, 
Seed  Beds,  Ripe  Strawberries,  &c. 

TANNED  NETTING 
for  ProtectinK  the  above  from  Frost,  Blight.  Birds,  &c  , 
2  yards  wide,  2a'.  per  jiard,  or  100  yards,  15J.  ;  4  yards  wide, 
^d.  per  yard,  or  50  yards,  15J. 

EATON  AND  DELLEK,  6  and  7,  Crooked  Lane.  Loodoo 
Bridge.  E.C. 


68 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JDLY   17,    1886, 


SUTTON'S  SEEDS 

FOR    PRESENT    SOWING, 

POST-FBEE. 


CABBAGE. 

SUTTON'S  FLOWER  OF  SPRING,  per  pkt 
WHEELtK      IMPERIAL  ..per  ounce 

ELL.\M'S  KAKLY  DWARF  ..         „ 

ONION. 

GIA\T  KOCCA perounce 

GI  >N  T        MON  ROCCA       .. 

THE  QUEEN perpU 

GLOcit,   1  .  iIOLI         peiounce 


LiETTUCEj.      cos  varieties 

Sutton's  Winier  White           ..          ..  per  packet  I     o 

Sutton's  Champion  Brown    ..          ,,  ,,  10 

Sutton's  Black-seetied  Hath..         ..  per  ounce  i    6 

CABBAGE   VAKIETIES. 

Sutton's  Commodore  Nutt  ,.          ..  re- packet  i     o 

Sutton's  Standwell ..  ,     o 

Hamm-irsmi'h  Hardy  Green           ..  per  ounce  o     q 

.'liansie.d  Park            „  ,6 

Drumhead  or  Malta ,,  09 

PRICPS  and  full  pirticulars  of  othtr  SEEV: 
FOR  PRkStNT  no  WING  may  bt  hid  Gratis 
and  Pofi.free  on  application. 

hMcyufcrm 

Seedsmen   by   Royal   Warrants  to    HM    the 
Qaeen  and  HK.H.  tbe  friace  of  Wales, 

READING. 


DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FU£NCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

Contaimng  List  of  all  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  tree  on  application  to 

W ATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET    STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,ofover  1300  species  and 

includiog    Descriptive     *' List    of   New,    Rare,     . 

Choics  Ferns,"  and  *'  Hardy  North  American  Fbri 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSEBT.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES 

AND    LILTCTM    HABBISII, 

Grown    by   Wm.    Risley,    Maritzburg,   Natal. 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
aie  hereby  informed  that  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  description.  The  Bulbs  promise 
to  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  market. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  freely  for  dehvery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  earty 
application.  Quotations  very  low.  Terms— net  cash.  For  prices 
and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGG R, 

17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 


■f^ 


WcTTie  ar^  ^ee^. 


THE  HOME  OF  FLOWERS, it  is  said,  was 
ne.=     b..    lovely   and    intere^tint       <11  requ.tu.g   CUl'- 
Tl-  GS,     UU^  (iF  KObtb,  btEDLINGS,  PRIMULAS. 
ClNERAKIAj.  CYCLAMEN,  &c.,  shuuld  have  them  at  once. 
SRND     FOR    A    CATALOGUE. 


H.    CANN£LL.    &    SONS, 

SWAN  LEY,  KENT. 


WEBBS' 

'   '   EMPEROR 

CABBAGE. 


THE  BEST  CABKAGt  in  CULTIVATION 

6d.  and  la.  per  packet,  is.  6d.  per  ounce 


Mr.  J.  Mulr,  In  the  "  Journal  of  Horti- 
culture "  of  May  24,  says  :— 
"  Our  largefct  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures  70  feet  by  60  feet    and  liere 
Wcj    liiva    many    sorts    growing.     The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  Is 
WEBBS'    EMPEROR 


Pet  Ou 


HiRlY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE  . 

ENFIILD  MARKET  do 

EAKLY  RAINHAM  do 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 

LARGE  BED  DUTCH        do.  6d.  pei  packet 

ONION.  ,  , . 

Packet. 
WEBB3'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  6d. 
WEBBS'  WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI   6d. 
LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI        ..        6d. 

GIANT  ROCCA 6d. 

WHITE  LISBON  

WHITE  SPANISH  or  READING 


All  Garden  Seeds  Jree  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


WEBB  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


Please  Read  Attentively. 

LILY    OF    THE    VALLEY, 

FOR    EARLY     FORCING. 

Stock,  1,260,000  Crowns,  strong  and  capable  of 
producing  very  fine  blooms 

^i  bs.  per  looo,  £\z  15.?.  per  10,000,  ^25  5^. 
per  20,000,  ^62  loj.  per  50,000,  ^122  loj-.  per 
100,000,  ;^i82  per  150,000,  £,ii,o  per  200,000, 

iucludins  charges  for  packing;,  free  on  the  Railway  Station, 
Neussalz,  by 

F.    W.    KRAUSE, 
Lily    of    the    Valley    Grower, 
NEUSALZ-ON-THE    ODER,      GERMANY. 
^T  The  area  under  Lily  Culture  is  equal  to  Z%  English 
acres.     The  freight  amounts  from  Neussalz  to  London  for  1000 
pieces  (crowns)  to  about  nj.  ^4'  :    2000,  iij.  fid.  ;    3000,    i«. ; 
40CO,  lis.  yi.  ;    5Q00,  12X.  grf.  ;     6000,   i+r.  ;     7000,  l6x,  gt/.  ; 
800Q,  i8j.  ;  9000,  aoj.  td.  ;  io,ooQ,  £\  3J.,  &c. 


DUTCH      AND      CAPE      BT7LBS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 
CATALOGUE    FOR    1886. 

The  above,  contaiaing  details  of  our  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants  (84  pages,  in  English). 
IS  NOW  READY,  and  wlU  as  usual  be  sent  post-free  od  appli- 
cation to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Great  Britain, 
Messrs.  MERTENSandCO.,  3,CrossLane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill, 
London  t  E.C. 

ant.      ROOZEN      AND      SON, 

OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 


CARTERS' SEEDS 


PRESENT    SOWING. 


CABBAGE-Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
tion.    Very  distinct.      The  heads  are  extremely  firm, 
weighing  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  Scaled  Packets  only— Per  Packet,  u.  and  td.  ;  per 
ounce,  QS.     All  Post-free. 

CABBAGE-Carters' MammothBeefheart 

The   best    main-crop   Gtrden  Cabbape  in  cultivation  ; 

very  large  firm    heads  of  exquisite   flavour,  very  few 

outside  leaves,    and  tiois  not  readily  run.     The  finest 

Summer  Cabbage  known. 
In  Sealed  Packets— Per  Pkt.,  tj.  and  id. ;  per  ounce,  ii.  id. 
I    pTTIIPF  Price  per  pkt.,  post-free. 

CARTER?'  GIANT  WHITE  COS  ..  id.  and  t  o 
DUNNETT'S  GIANT  WINTER  COS..  6i.  and  i  o 
HARDY  NORTHERN  KING  COS  ..  ..  it 
ALL  THE   YEAR    ROUND   CABBAGE 

LETIUCE W.andi    3 

QI^IQI^  Post-free.    Per  oz.     Per  pkt. 

GIANT  ROCrA  ''i    6        06 

GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI           ..         ..16        06 
KAKLY  WHITE  NAPLES           ..         ..10 
GIANT  MADEIRA 00 


!QUE 


237  (Si  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


C^UTTINGS   of  Choicest  New  FLORISTS' 

V>'  FLOWERS  (t885)  very  cheap.  Per  dozen  varieties  :- 
Fuchsias  and  Pcnutemons,  jj.  ;  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  single  and 
double.  Ivy-leaf.  &c.,  3^.  ;  Chrysanthemums,  ij.  id.  Or  to 
include  new  of  last  three  or  four  years— Chrysanthemums.  50  for 
3r.  :  Fuchsias,  50  for  3*. ;  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  double  and 
single.  Ivy,  &c..  100  for  8j.  Plants  also  supplied  very  cheap. 
All  free  by  parcel  post.  A  quantity  of  choice  smglc  Dahlias, 
fine  plant .,  sr.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free  on  application. 
RICHARD  PANNEFT,  The  Nursery,  Chailey.  Sussex. 


SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON,    Florist, 

^  Prospsct  House,  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the 
following,  of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS. 
— Giand  Premier  Prize  Stiain  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
White,  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  l-ine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fiioged  flowers.  Strong  Plants,  to  bloom 
well,  \s.  yi.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  is.  id.  ;  gr.  per  100,  all  free. 

piNERARIAS-CINERARIAS— 

Vy*  CINERARIAS.-BuU's  celebrated  Prize  Strain,  dwarf 
compact  habit,  and  most  brilliant  colours,  cannot  possibly  be 
excelled.  Good  Plants,  is.  ^d.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  is.  id. ; 
gs.  per  100,  all  free. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON.     Florist     Prospect     House, 
Belper.  Derbyshire. 


WG  O  R  D  O  N,  Importer  of  Orchids 
•  from  ALL  PARTS  o(  the  WORLD._An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  must  be  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice. 
VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  to  be  ob- 
tained, and  great  bargains  ;  see  Public  Journals  for  high  prices 
recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAYING  INVESTMENT-  to  auy  one  with  glass  at  command 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to   W.    GORDON,    The  Nurseries,  Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


pVCLAMEN  SEED, 

V-^    in  Sealed  Packets,  as.  6d.  and  $s.  each,  separate  colours, 
red,  white,  pink,  and  margioata  or  mixed. 

H.  Page  &  Sons  are  offering  for  the  first  time  their  well- 
known  suain,  which  has  been  awarded  Three  Medals  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  durmg  last  season,  and  gained 
highest  honours  wherever  shown. 

They  cannot  be  surpassed  for  habit,  colour,  and  size  ;  and  as 
the  quantity  is  limited,  Orders  will  be  executed  in  strict  rota- 
tion,  and  sent  Post-free  on  receipt  of  Postal  Order  after 
August  1.     Application  to 

H.  PAGE  AND  SONS, 
Grove    Nursery,    Teddington,    S.W. 


To  the  Trade. 

RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples  of 
•  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  oo 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  ol 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  laj.  to  24J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

W  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  requii« 
descnption.  Price  is.  per  bushel 
(is,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
id.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  scaled  pack* 
ages  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sigruiture  attached 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
'Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
"-Tchants,  Hifhgate  Nurseries,  N, 


July  17,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


69 


OECHIL  EXHIBITION 


One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights 
in  London. 


0 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  ORCHID 

EXHIBITION.  The  Private  Vitw  to  Patrons  of  the 
Establishmtnt  is  held  eve.y  TUESDAY.  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  lo  to  5  o'Clock,  ihrouRhout  JULY. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,   536,    King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


o 


RCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  EXHI- 
BITION is  OPEN  to  the  Public  every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  10  to  5  o'clock, 
throughout  JULY.    Admission,  each  day,  ar.  6(/. 


/^RCHIDS^— A   vision    of    loveliness   unpa- 


ralleled in  Europe. 


/^RCHIDS.—"  Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 


o 

o 

o 
o 
o 


RCHIDS. —  "A    scene     of    the    greatest 

Orchidic  beauty,  blffling  d-^scriotion.  and,  we  had  almost 
said,  defying  exaggeration." — Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


RCHIDS.  —  Specimens    in     Flower    from 

Brazil.  Colombia.  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Madagascar.  Assam. 
Peru,  Costa  Rica,  Venezuela,  West  Indies,  Hurm^h. 
Borneo,  and  various  other  pins  of  the  Eastern  Archipe- 
lago.   

RCHIDS.— Private  View  to  Patrons  of  the 

Establishment  every  Tuesday.  Thursday,  and  Saturday, 
10  to  5  o'clock,  throughout  JULY. 


RCHIDS. — Public  Exhibition  every  Mon- 
day. Wednesday,  and  Friday.  10  to  5  o'Clock,  throughout 
JULY.    Admission,  each  day,  as.  id. 


RCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 

any  distance  to  see  at  Mr.  William  Bull's  Establish- 
ment for  New  and  Rate  Planu,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  Lor  don.  SW. 


Now  Ready, 

reichenbachia: 

ORCHIDS   ILLUSTRATED 
AND  DESCRIBED. 

By    F.     SANDSB,    St.    Alban's. 

This  Work  is  issued  in  Monthly 
Parts,  each  containing  four  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates  by  eminent 
Floral  Artists. 

The  History  and  Culture  of  each 
Plant  is  given  in  English,  French, 
and  German.  The  Latin  Descrip- 
tions and  Leaders,  &c.,  by  Professor 
Reichenbach. 


BOOKS  FOR  THE  COUNTRY 


HOW 


f  ready,  crown  8vo,  price  w.  dd. 

MANAGED  and  IMPROVED 


MY  ESTATE.     Reprinted  from  the  -S"^.  James'  Gazette. 
Contents  :— Choice    of    an     Estate— Underwoods— Timber — 
Building   and    Quarrying —  Making    Grounds  —  Farming  and 
Shooting — Fishponds  and  Aviaries— Conclusion. 


With  1937  Full.page  Coloured  Plates. 

SOWERBY'S   ENGLISH  BOTANY. 

Containing  a  Description  and  Life-size  Coloured  Drawings 
of  every  British  Plant.  Edited  and  brought  up  to  the 
Present  Standard  of  Scientific  Knowledge  by  T.  BOS- 
WELL  (formerly  Syme),  LL.D.,  F.L.S.  &c.  With  popular 
Descriptions  of  the  Uses,  History,  and  Traditions  of  each 
riant,  by  Mrs.  LANCASTER,  Author  of  "  Wild  Flowers 
Worlh  Notice,"  "  The  British  Ferns,"  &c.  The  Figures 
by  \.  E.  SOWERBY,  J.  W.  SALTER,  A.L.S.,  and  N. 
E.  BROWN.  In  Twelve  Volumes,  super-rcyal  Svo,  i,i),  31. 
in  cloth;  £,-ik  its.  in  half  morocco;  and /30  gs.  whole 
morocco.  Also  in  Eighty-nine  Paru.  s^.  each,  except  the 
Index  Part,  ^s.  dd. 


Price  ofeach  Number  to  Subscribers, 
7s.  6cl.  per  Month, 

Size  of  Plates,  21  inches  by  15  inches. 


Sample  Copies  post-free  on  application,  to  be  re- 
turned in  case  of  non-subsoripllon  to 

F.  SANDER,  ST.  ALBAN'S. 


Vol.  XII.,  Parts  84-89.  with  ninety-eight  Plates,  ii  \ss. 

SOWERBY'S    ENGLISH   BOTANY. 


Edited  by  J. T.  BOSWELL.  LL.D..  F.L.S.  Part  84.  wi 
twenty-two  Co'oured  Plates,  contains  Marsiliacejc.  h 
lacex,  Selaginel  laces.  Lycopodiacese,  Ophioglossact 
Pait  85,  with  eighteen  Coloured  Plates,  coouins  Filic 
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Part  87.  with  twenty-one  Plates,  conuins  Equisetac**  a 
Charactse  Part  88,  with  fourteen  Col <u red  PUte-,  cootai 
Characea:,  Price  51.  each  part.  Part  89,  Index  to  t 
whole  woilc,  containing  Scientific  and  common  Engl 
Names,  with  their  equivalent  m  French  atd  Germao,  7^.  ( 


Third  edition,  large  p^st  Svo    75.  (xl. 

RAMBLES   in  SEaRCH  of  WILD 

FLOWERS,   and  How  to  Distinguish  TUem.    By 

M.    HLUE-;,  Author  ut  ■'  Rambles  in  searcT  01  fl^werless 

Plant;.,"  '"  Uriiish  Grasse-:;'  &c.     With  nincty-six  Coloured 

Figures  and  numerous  Cuts. 

"  This  liiile  bov.'k  has  already,  wea'e  pleased  to  note  attained 

itsthid   edition.       Wg    •inceiety   wish    it   ihit    cominuance    of 

public  lovour  whith  it  so  well  deserves  "Saturday  Review. 


Cr.w 


,  6j. 


THE  CAT,  Past  and  Present.  From 

the    French  of  M.    CHAMPFLEURY.  with   Supplement- 
ary Notes  by  Mrs.   CASHEL   HOEY.     With  numerous 
Illustrations. 
"  A  translation  of  Mr.  Champfleury's  pleasant  volume,   '  The 
Cat,'  with  some  supplementary  notes  of  an  amusing  character, 
by  Mrs.  Cashel  Hoev,  and  the  clever  illustrations  of  the  French 
edition.     .     .     .     This  sprightly  bjok  is  sure  to  be  popular  with 
lovers  of  cats." — AtkeniEum. 


Small  post  Svo,  ^s. 

ANECDOTES    of    DOGS.     By 

EDWARD  JESSE.     With  forty  Woodcuts  after  Harvey, 
Bewick,  and  others. 

With    thiriy-four    additional    Steel    Engravings    after 
C'KJper,  Lindseer,  &c.     -js.  6d. 


CAGE 


Small  post,  Svo,  51. 

and    CHAMBER 


BIRDS  : 


their  Natural  History.  Habits.  Food,  Diseases,  Manage- 
ment, and  Modes  of  Capture.  Translated  from  the  German 
of  J.  M.  BECHSTEIN.  with  considerable  additions  on 
Structure,  Migration,  and  Economy,  Compiled  from  vari- 
ous sources  by  H.  G.  ADAMS.  Together  with  Sweet's 
British  Warblers.  With  forty-three  Plates  and  Woodcut 
Illustrations 

With  the  Plates  Coloured,  7^.  6a. 


Two  volume^,  small  post  Svo, 


BRITISH     BIRDS  ;     or,    History   of 

the  Feathered  Tribes  of  the  British  Islands.    By  ROBERT 
MUDIE.     Revised  by  W.  C.  L.   MARTIN.     Fifty-two 
Figures  of  Birds,  and  seven  additional  Plates  of  Eggs. 
With  the  Plates  Coloured,  ^s.  6d,  per  VoL 


Small  post  Svo,  $s. 

INSECT  ARCHITECTURE.    By 

JAMES  RENNIE.    Revised  and  Enlarged  by  Rev.  J.  G. 
WOOD,  M.  A.     With  i86  Woodcut  Illustrations. 


bmall  postBvo,  ss. 

THE  COMPLETE  ANGLER;  or, the 

Contemplative  Man's  Recreation.  By  IZAAK  WALTON 
and  CHARLES  COTTON.  With  Lives  of  the  Authors 
and  Variorum  Notes,  Historical  and  Practical,  edited  by 
EDWARD  JESSE.  To  which  is  added  an  account  of 
Fishing  Stations,  Tackle.  .<ic  ,  by  HENRY  G.  BOHN. 
With  Index  and  Portrait  of  Walton,  and  203  Engravings 

1  of  twenty-six  Engravings  on 


„j  Wood. 

With  the  further  addil 
Steel,  71  M. 


SATURDAY,  JULY    17,    irS6. 


Small  post  Svo,  5^. 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  of  SEL- 

BORNE,  with  Observations  on  various  Parts  of  Nature, 
ardlhe  Naturalists'  Calendar.  By  GILBERT  WHITE. 
With  Notes  by  Sir  WILLIAM  JARDINE.  Edited,  with 
further  Notes,  a  Biog'aohical  Sketch,  and  complete  Index, 
by  EDWARD  JESSE.  With  forty  full  page  Wood 
Engravings.  ^^ 

LONDON: 

GEORGE    BELIi    &    SONS, 

4,  York  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.O. 


THE  GARDEN  IN  MID.SUMMER. 

AMONG  the  many  pleasures  of  a  garden 
none  is  greater  than  the  return  to  it  in 
summer,  after  an  absence  of  some  little  time, 
and  just  now  this  pleasure  is  mine.  True,  the 
Apple  blossoms  are  gone  that  I  left  tossed  up 
against  the  deep  blue  sky.  Poets  and  painters 
alike  have  tried  to  depict  this  fairest  of  spring's 
sights,  but,  as  the  rosy  dawn  breaking  across 
the  azure  heavens  vanishes  while  yet  we  gaze, 
so  does  the  subtle  beauty  of  the  Apple  bloom 
seem  to  escape  the  power  of  words  and  the 
most  delicate  touch  of  the  artist's  brush.  I 
remember  once,  in  an  old  garden,  finding  an 
Apple  branch  covered  with  bloom  as  tender  as 
ihe  rose  lining  of  a  deep-sea  shell,  and  centred, 
almost  smothered  mid  the  blossom;,  lay  the 
nest  of  a  goldfinch,  embroidered  with  the  pale 
grey  moss  or  lichen  with  which  age  had  clothed 
the  stem  of  the  old  gnarled  tree.  Softly  swayed 
the  branch  in  the  summer  wind  across  the  clear 
blue  sky,  merrily  hummed  the  bees  around  the 
blossoms,  but  the  bird  sat  calm  and  still,  with 
her  crimson  head  above  the  silvery  nest.  As 
the  Apple  bloom  has  passed,  so,  too,  have  the 
Bluebells  ceased  to  uprear  their  spikes.  Very 
lovely  were  they  on  June  i,  when  the  stems  had 
grown  so  tall  that  the  blossoms  seemed  to  float 
as  ablue  cloud  above  the  fresh  gre^-n  grass  be- 
neath the  trees.  The  Gorse  on  the  wilde  ground 
shows  now  but  as  a  golden  broidery,  while  some 
time  since  so  massed  together  in  many  places 
were  its  blossoms  that  they  looked  like  con- 
centrated sunbeams,  not  a  spray  of  gieen  being 
left  visible. 

But  if  the  sweet  freshness  of  May  be  gone, 
the  full  richness  of  June  has  come  ;  every  leaf 
is  expanded,  and  the  shadows  bring  delightful 
coolness.  The  meadows  after  the  late  rains 
have  a  luscious  growth,  and  are  full  of  King-cups 
and  honied  Clover,  while  the  seedling  grass 
looks  purple  as  it  bends  in  the  light  breeze. 
In  the  garden,  the  Poppies  hold  sway.  The 
great  crimson  Papaver  bracteatum,  with  dark 
blotches  at  the  base  of  each  petal,  and  blossoms 
measuring  a  foot  across,  flings  its  wild  arms  in 
every  direction  —  now,  into  a  group  of  Iris 
dalmatica,  among  the  pale  mauve  flowers  that 
flutter  with  a  delicious  coolness  around  the 
fiery  blossoms  ;  now  into  a  tangle  of  Scotch 
Roses,  the  snowy-white  and  crimson  making 
brilliant  contrast  ;  then  falling  among  the 
dark-leaved,  silver-lined,  sweet  Rosemary,  set 
with  soft  grey  blossoms,  that  rest  the  eye  beside 
the  glowing  Poppies. 

But,  brilliant  as  they  are  with  the  sun  shining 
on  them,  more  dazzling  still  do  they  appear 
with  the  sun  shining  through  them,  while  sink- 
ing toward  the  west  ;  then  the  light  and  bril- 
liancy is  that  of  rich  stained  glass  :  as  they 
gleam  like  some  old  cathedral  window  one  feels 
it  is  the  hour  of  vespers  in  the  garden.  These 
Poppies  are  easily  raised  from  seed,  transplanted 
when  of  sufficient  size  to  where  they  are  to 
bloom.  With  a  growth  miniature  in  compari- 
son to  the  oriental  Poppies,  Papaver  umbrosum 
is  just  now  very  bright  and  gay  ;  the  slender 


70 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(July  17,  1886. 


stems  and  fragile  petals  fanned  by  the  light 
breeze  have  a  wavering,  fluttering  motion,  like 
the  butterflies  that  hover  round  them.  The 
dark  blotches,  too,  seem  deeper  on  the  outer 
side  of  their  shining  petals  than  within,  giving 
a  very  distinct  appearance  when  the  flowers  are 
half  closed.  In  good  rich  soil  these  Poppies 
produce  a  succession  of  blossoms  during  the 
early  summer  months,  and  are  never  so  fine  as 
from  seed  sown  in  autumn.  Not  far  from  these 
sparkling  blossoms  is  a  group  of  Iceland  Pop- 
pies. They  do  not  flutter  in  the  breeze,  but  are 
like  little  bowls  of  beaten  gold,  and  their 
colour,  from  pale  yellow  to  orange-red,  is 
most  satisfying  to  the  eye.  Coming  from  such  a 
northern  latitude  they  are  naturally  indifferent 
to  our  winter  frosts,  waking  up  each  spring  into 
soft  cushions  of  green  to  be  crowned  with 
blossoms  a  little  later  on.  The  Siberian  Irises 
are  beautiful  in  companionship  with  them, 
especially  the  variety  orientalis,  with  its  crim- 
son spathe-sheaths  and  gem-like  depth  of 
colour.  These  Irises  rather  resent  being  moved, 
but  once  established  are  fair  to  see,  especially 
if  given  a  cool  deep  soil. 

Growing  against  the  wall  and  blossoming 
now  for  the  first  time  is  a  tall  tree  of  Abutilon 
vitifolium.  Four  years  ago  it  was  a  little  seed, 
now,  after  the  spring's  fresh  growth,  it  covers 
a  goodly  space,  and  has  quite  forgotten  that 
every  leaf  was  torn  from  it  in  the  winter 
storms.  The  flowers  are  exquisite  in  bud,  of  a 
soft  pinkish  tinge,  changing  as  they  e.xpand  to 
pale  lilac  and  opening  out  quite  round,  and 
almost  flat,  but  for  the  curved  bowl-like  rim 
encircling  them. 

Not  iar  from  this  flowering  shrub  is  a  plant 
of  Rodgersia  podophylla.  Well  pleased  with  a 
peaty  soil  and  shaded  situation  its  noble  bronzy 
leaves  measure  30  inches  across,  and  a  spike 
of  bloom  moving  like  a  white  feather  above  the 
polished  leaves  adds  to  the  effect.  In  a  niche 
on  the  little  rockery  the  Edelweiss  is  at  last 
content,  and  consequently  its  flowers  are  large, 
soft,  and  of  a  pearly  whiteness.  It  was  only 
last  year  that  a  friend  told  me  how  best  to  grow 
this  plant.  "  Give  it,"  he  said,  "  plenty  of  lime 
rubbish  from  an  old  wall,"  and  following  his 
bidding,  the  seedlings  so  planted  are  to-day 
large  tufts  of  velvety-white,  beside  the  deep 
crimson  Dianthus  cruentus.  The  heights  of 
Switzerland  need  not  be  searched  for  this  star 
of  the  mountain,  when  it  can  be  so  easily  grown 
at  home.  But  still,  how  dull  and  commonplace 
it  seems  to  pluck  it  in  the  garden,  compared 
with  the  alpine  climb,  the  snowy  summit  far 
above,  the  intoxicating  freshness  of  the  moun- 
tain air,  the  wonder  of  the  unknown  scene  ; 
and  then  the  flower  itself,  like  snow  shadows, 
brought  home  as  a  message  from  those  lonely 
heights.  The  Edelweiss  may  be  freely  grown 
in  our  gardens,  but  the  romance  and  mystery 
will  remain  in  the  alpine  search. 

The  silver-frosted  Saxifrages  are  now  at  their 
best,  sending  forth  their  long  flower  plumes, 
that  fall  over  the  cool  grey  rocks  like  the  spray 
from  a  fountain  ;  and  Erinus  alpinus  is  never  so 
happy  as  in  its  self-found  home  in  the  chink  of 
an  old  wall,  blown  there  by  the  wind. 

July  I. — June  has  departed,  but  she  has  left 
us  her  Roses.  They  are  climbing  over  the 
trellis  in  all  the  abandonment  of  luxuriant 
growth,  and  the  golden  coppery  hue  of  the 
Tea  Roses,  with  their  bronzy  leaves,  makes  a 
beautiful  background  for  oiher  flowers.  To-day 
it  is  the  dark  purple  blue  Larkspurs  that  are 
blossoming  in  front  of  the  Roses,  and  show 
like  church  spires  against  an  evening  sky  from 
which  the  flush  has  faded  and  only  the  golden 
light  remains.  While  other  flowers  faint  and 
tire  in  the  strong  sunshine  these  tall  Del- 
phiniums become  more  lovely  every  day. 
Clustered  together  in  groups  the  fresh  and 
pltntiful  foliage  seems  to  protect  the  ground 
beneath  fronr  the  scorching  heat.     But,  fair  as 


they  are  with  the  yellow  Roses  for  background, 
still  fairer  are  they  beside  the  old  Rose  Cdleste. 
Here  the  Larkspurs  of  ccerulean  blue  are  the 
very  sky  itself  in  all  its  azure  depth,  and  the 
Roses  are  like  the  fleecy  clouds  at  sunset,  that 
have  caught  the  last  rays  of  light  as  they 
float  across  the  sky.  Lilies  are  late  with  us, 
the  white  Martagon  being  the  only  one  in 
bloom.  Growing  beside  the  Spanish  Iris 
"  Thunderbolt,"  the  tall  Lily  stems,  bearing  each 
from  thirty  to  forty  blossoms,  mingle  well  with 
the  dark  Iris,  which  from  the  rainy  spring  is 
also  tall  and  strong.  This  clouded  Iris  is  of 
more  vigorous  habit  than  the  type.  Lifted  and 
divided  every  few  years,  when  the  foliage  has 
died  away,  and  well  decayed  manure  dug 
deeply  into  the  ground  before  replanting,  it  has  a 
bold  and  noble  aspect,  and  the  colouring  is  most 
unique.  Beautifully  as  the  flowers  group  them- 
selves out-of-doors,  it  is  pleasant  sometimes  to 
place  those  together  indoors  in  a  vase  that  one 
has  not  seen  hitherto  side  by  side.  Before  me 
at  this  moment,  is  a  vase  of  clear  Bohemian 
glass,  and  in  it  soine  soft  lilac  sprays  of  the 
tree  Lupin,  with  a  few  gold  and  crimson  single 
Gaillardias  scattered  through,  and  it  is  a  picture 
fair  to  see. 

Among  rosy  blossoms,  none  is  prettier  at 
present  than  the  Oxalis  floribunda  ;  it  appears 
to  revel  in  the  sunshine,  never  flagging  under 
the  most  scorching  rays,  and  tossing  its  bright 
flowers  out  on  every  side,  until  they  form  a 
complete  wreath.  The  rosy  Erigeron  is  another 
sun-worshipper  ;  it  is  literally  enveloped  in  a 
pink  haze  of  Daisy-like  blossoms.  When 
the  summer  flowering  is  past,  it  sends  up 
fresh  heads  of  bloom  late  in  autumn  ;  even  in 
the  dark  days  of  November  it  is  lingering  still, 
looking  cheerfully  upward  with  its  eye  of  gold 
to  bid  us  be  of  good  courage.  Then  it  is  that 
we  prize  it  most,  for,  with  the  flicker  and  sparkle 
of  a  thousand  blossoms  round  us,  winter  seems 
far,  far  away.  L.  A.  L. 


DENDROBIUM  PERCNANTHUM,  n.  sp* 
A  new  member  of  the  antennate  Stachyobia  divi- 
sion. Never  have  I  seen  a  Dendrobium  with  such 
a  lip,  just  ccimparable  to  that  of  Epidendrum  glaucum, 
Lindl.  (! !).  Hence  it  is  the  type  of  a  new  group. 
The  stems  are  very  strong,  shining  like  a  Bamboo, 
The  numerous  racemes  bear  flowers  equal  to  those  of 
Dendrobium  macrostachyum,  but  of  a  much  stronger 
texture.  Sepals  triangular.  Chin  blunt.  Tepals 
linear,  longer,  retrorse.  Lip  ligulate,  trifid  at  the 
apex  in  a  most  singular  manner  for  a  Dendrobe. 
Side  lacini^s  blunt  rhomboid,  central  lobe  ovate, 
apiculate.  Five  keels  run  from  the  base  to  the  top, 
where  they  split  in  the  mid-lacinia  into  even  branches, 
so  that  one  might  believe  that  at  some  places  there 
were  but  three  keels,  the  lateral  ones  being  contiguous. 
Sepals  and  petals  of  a  sulphurous  colour.  Lip  white, 
mid-Iacmiaand  borders  of  the  upper  part  yellow,  keels 
brown,  partly  purple.  This  was  kindly  sent  to  me  by 
Mons,  Lucien  Linden.  It  was  gathered  by  the 
Lindenian  collectors.  H.  G,  Rchb.  f.  [Name  from  the 
Greek  perknos,  black-spotted  ?     Ed.] 

Vanda  Lindeni,  k.  ,t/.t 

This  Vanda  stands  very  near  to  Vanda  bastifera, 

which  was  for   a  long  time  only  known    from  one 

•  Dindnbiiiin  peyc'innthum,  n.  sp.— (Stachyobia  antcnnata 
perciuntha);  caule  elongate  vpiido  nitido  calatnum  gryphinum 
crasso  infeme  sulcato ;  racemis  5Upernc  crebris  mult  floris  ; 
bracteis  minutis  ;  ovariU  pedicellatis  gracilibus  ;  metito  obtiis- 
angulo ;  sepalis  triaogulis;  tepalis  linear  bus  longioribus 
reversis,  labello  ligulato  apice- dilatato  trifido,  laciniis  laterali- 
bus  semirhombeo  rotundatis.  lacifiia  mediana  ova'a  apicula 
carinis  quinis  per  longitudinam  nunc  valde  approximatis  laterali- 
bus  in  disco  lacini^c  mediae  bifis ;  columna  trigoiia,  supeme 
dilatau,  androclinio  pluridentato.  Ins.  Molucc,  A.  Linden. 
H.  C.  Ricltb.  f. 

t  Vanda  Lindeni,  n.  sp.,— Aff.  Vandae  hastifera;  ;  racemo 
laxifloro,  plurifloro  :  sepalis  tepalisque  cuneato  oblongis  obtuse 
acutls  undulatis,  labelli  lacinii^  latecalibus  rhgmbeU  quadratis 


plant  in  the  bands  of  Director  J.  Linden  pere.  No 
one  imagined  at  that  time  that  M.  Auguste  Linden 
would  discover,  and  that  Mons.  le  Directeur  Lucien 
Linden  would  grow  its  nearest  ally.  It  is  dedicated 
to  Mons.  Auguste  Linden.  We  are  not  accustomed 
to  see  the  name  Linden  in  connection  with  Asiatic 
plants. 

The  old  Vanda  hastifera,  Rchb.  f.,  has  flat  sepals 
and  petals,  light  green,  with  dark  blackish  spots. 
The  lip  is  tinted  with  dark  and  light  mauve,  and 
the  central  lacinia  is  hastate  at  the  base,  and  at 
its  top  stand  two  varnished  tumours,  which  might 
make  a  cynophile  think  of  a  double-nosed  dog. 
A  nice  sketch  in  colours,  prepared  by  the  sagacious 
Sanderian  traveller,  I  believe  at  Singapore,  gives 
evidence  of  the  plant  having  the  same  colours  in  Asia 
as  it  had  in  1S72  at  Brussels.  I  have  a  fine  Asiatic 
specimen  from  this.  My  young  friend,  told  me 
the  Malayan  name  signified  *'  water  branch."  The 
fresh  species  has  a  rich  raceme  of  flowers  as  large  as 
those  of  Vanda  concolor.  Its  predominant  feature  is 
given  by  the  much  undulated  cuneate  oblong  blunt 
acute  sepals  and  petals,  which  are  light  yellow,  with 
much  red  in  the  disc  and  on  the  outside.  The  side 
lacinias  of  the  lip  are  nearly  square,  or  a  little  rhombic, 
whitish-yellow,  with  some  black-purple  spots  at  the 
upper  margin.  The  mid-lacinia  is  of  a  most  remark- 
able structure.  It  may  be  called  triangular  ancipitous, 
going  out  into  a  sharp  angle  under  two  tumours  at  the 
apex,  sulcate  beneath,  with  a  linear  velvety  ascend- 
ing auricle  at  each  side  of  the  base,  with  three  furrows 
over  the  disc  and  hairs  of  the  shortest  kind  at  the 
base.  Of  course  it  is  very  fleshy,  whitish-yellow,  with 
four  purple  lines  over  disc,  purple  spots  on  the  two 
dog's  nose  tumours,  and  burnt  sienna  colour  at  the  top 
under  those  tumours  ;  spur  conical,  burnt  sienna 
coloured  at  apex,  hairy  inside.  Column  yellow, 
burnt  sienna-coloured  at  the  base.  It  is  of  Sondaic 
origin    H.   G.  Rchb.  f. 

OdONTOGLOSSUM    RIGIDt;M,    Lindl. 

This  appears  to  be  a  very  uncommon  plant  in  our 
collections,  so  that  it  has  even  been  mistaken  for  Odon- 
toglossum  aureum.  It  has  strong  ovoid  hard,  rather 
dark  bulbs,  and  linear  ligulate  acute  leaves.  A  long 
sheathed  peduncle  bears  a  stately  wide,  more  or  less 
zigzag  branched  panicle.  The  flowers  stand  on  long 
green  stalked  ovaries.  Sepals  and  petals  oblong-acute, 
the  lateral  sepals  now  free,  now  more  or  less  connate 
at  the  base,  often  with  a  green  keel  on  each  side  out- 
wards, excepting  this  canary-bird  yellow.  The  long 
stalk  of  the  lip  runs  out  into  a  square  or  nearly  square 
obtusangled  blade,  subcordate  at  the  base,  with  an 
apiculus  in  the  centre  in  front.  There  is  some  biden- 
tate  or  tricrenate  callosity  at  the  very  base  of  the  blade, 
just  where  it  touches  the  stalk  of  the  lip.  The  lip  is  of 
a  fine  chrome-yellow,  thus  giving  an  excellent  contrast 
to  the  lighter  sepals  and  petals.  The  trigonal  column 
is  green  at  the  base,  yellow  at  the  top,  and  has  very 
remarkable  deflexed  ligulate  wings,  with  more  or  less 
prominent  teeth.  Its  nearest  allies  are  Odontoglossum 
cochleatum,  Rchb.  f.  (Oncidium  cochleatum,  Lindl.), 
Odontoglossum  crocatum,  Lind.,  Rchb.  f.  ;  O.  mysta- 
cinum,  Rchb.  f ,  B.  Zeit. ;  O.  aureum,  Rchb.  f.  (Onci- 
dium aureum,  Lindl.);  Odontoglossum  festatum, 
Lindl.,  Rchb.  f. ;  O.  hemichrysum,  Rchb.  f. ;  finally, 
O.  bicolor,  Lindl.  The  latter  has  never  been  seen, 
neither  by  Dr.  Lindley  nor  by  me,  it  having  been 
described  from  one  of  Taffalla's  pictures,  copied  at 
Lima  by  poor  Matthews.  My  wild-grown  speci- 
mens of  O.  rigidum  are  from  Hartweg,  Jameson  and 
Mandon. 

It  was  but  quite  recently  that  I  had  fresh  flowers, 
I  have  to  thank  cordially  for  them  Mr.  Sillem, 
Laurie  Park,  Sydenham,  who  sent  it,  grown  by  Mr. 
Billiald ;  Mr.  O.  Wrigley,  Bury,  Lancashire,  grown 
by  Mr.  Swan  ;  and  for  very  fine  bulb,  leaves,  and 
inflorescence,  Mr.  W.  Lee,  Downside,  Leatherhead. 
No  one  sends  fresher  materials  than  Mr.  Lee,  but 
there  are  numerous  senders  who  think  it  is  quite  enough 
to  have  the  Sowers  put  loosely  in  a  box,  when  they 
arrive  shrivelled,  withered,  broken  to  pieces,  and, 
the  anthers  and  pollen  apparatus  of  various  species 
mixed.  I  remember  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago  Mr.  Walter  Filch,  the  excellent  artist,  told 
me  he  was  disgusted  at  getting  flowers  not  packed 
separately  in  paper.   H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

erectis,  lacinia  mediana  triangula  camosa  antice  deorsum  trian- 
gula  ancipiti,  superne  gibberibus  hemisphiricis  duobus  colla- 
teralibus,  medio  per  discum  quadricullata,  basin  versus  velu- 
tina,  utrinque  basi  auricula  ascendenti  lineiri  velutina  conSr.icua, 
catcan  conico  intus  velutino,  labello  dimidiate  aequilongo  ; 
cloumna  davata.  H.  G.  Rchb.  /. 


July  17,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


71 


HAARLEM. 

It  is  ofcentimes  a  matter  for  wonder  why  those 
who  are  in  quest  of  pleasure  or  health  feel  bound  to 
take  their  run  upon  the  Continent  during  the  autumn. 
If  any  consideration  for  flowers  comes  in  it  should  be 
absolutely  decisive  against  such  a  course.  Not  to 
say  that  the  spring  flowers  are  for  the  most  part  the 
best  in  any  land,  it  is  still  to  be  remembered  that 
there  is  a  freshness  about  the  meadow  or  hillside 
which  only  can  be  met  with  in  the  earlier  months  of 
the  year,  and  nurseries  and  botanic  gardens  have 
not  that  used-up  appearance  at  that  time  which  they 
are  sure  to  present  in  the  fall.  The  nurseries  of 
Belgium  and  Holland  had  for  a  long  time  been  in  my 
thoughts,  and  at  last  I  found  myself  in  the  merry 
month  of  May  en  route  for  Haarlem  itself.  The 
stay  at  Ghent  was  but  a  short  one,  and  the  visit  to 
Van  Houtte's  splendid  collection  of  plants  was  neces- 
sarily very  brief.  "  Cest  magnijique !"  was  the 
encomium  of  the  innkeeper  with  whom  I  was  staying, 
and  his  words  may  be  accepted  as  truth.  The  only 
fault  to  be  found  with  it  was,  that  it  was  in  many 
respects  over  my  head.  Large  glasshouses  full  from 
end  to  end  of  Orchids  in  the  finest  condition,  others 
that  were  devoted  to  Palms,  to  Indian  Rhododen- 
drons, to  rare  Ferns,  and  especially  one  that  might  be 
called  a  temperate-house,  and  where  a  great  many 
New  Holland  plants  had  been  gathered  together, 
were  interesting  to  run  through,  and  were  very  re- 
mindful of  Kew.  I  took  down  the  names  of  a  few 
greenhouse  plants  in  which  I  mean  to  Invest,  and  I 
am  sure  they  may  be  recommended.  The  names  are 
these  : — Borcnia  polygalcefolia,  Kennedya  ferruginea, 
Lithospermum  fruticosum,  and  Cantua  dependens. 
The  Kennedya  was  exceedingly  pretty,  and  apparently 
of  a  very  free  growth.  The  Lithospermum  is  doubt- 
less very  well  known,  but  blue  flowers  are  always 
acceptable,  and  when  I  saw  it  in  such  beauty  I  won- 
dered that  we  make  so  little  use  of  it  for  decorative 
purposes  in  England.  I  have  grown  Cantua  depen- 
dens for  some  time,  and  at  last  I  gave  it  up  in  despair, 
because  it  seemed  absolutely  to  refuse  to  blossom 
with  me.  I  expect  from  what  I  saw  in  this  nursery 
that,  after  all,  it  only  requires  sufficient  age.  Com- 
paratively small  plants,  but  whose  stems  showed  that 
they  had  long  ago  passed  their  minority,  were  well 
covered  with  bloom.  No  one  can  look  on  Cantua 
dependens  doing  well,  and  in  its  full  glory,  without 
wishing  to  have  it.  and  the  mental  note  that  I  made 
about  this  fine  thing  was,  that  it  must  be  tried  again, 
but  with  greater  patience  than  before. 

In  Van  Houtte's  garden  there  is  a  department  for 
everything  :  herbaceous  plants  in  the  open  ground 
were  rather  backward  this  year,  and  Hyacinths, 
Tulips,  and  such-like  have  their  head-quarters  at 
Haarlem,  to  which  place  it  was  best  to  repair  for  them. 
For  an  hour  or  more  before  Haarlem  was  reached 
an  Egyptian  plague  seemed  to  be  upon  us  all.  Dust 
entered  the  railway  carriages  though  every  window 
was  closed,  and  sand,  sand,  sand,  seemed  to  be 
everywhere.  Soon  long  parallelograms  of  the 
brightest  possible  colours  were  stretching  out  on  the 
right  hand  and  the  left,  and  bulb  gardens  declared 
themselves,  where  Tulips  were  all  ablaze  by  thousands 
and  tens  of  thousands. 

The  best  gardens  that  I  visited  were  those  of  Messrs. 
Roozen,  Krelage,  and  De  Graaf  (at  Leyden).  M.  de 
Graaf  was  unfortunately  on  a  visit  to  England,  but  I 
think  his  wife  put  me  in  the  way  of  seeing  all  that 
there  was  to  be  seen  ;  and  nothing  could  exceed  the 
courtesy  of  M.  Roozen  and  of  M.  Krelage.  They 
gave  me  much  of  their  time,  and  added  to  the 
interest  of  the  visit  in  every  way. 

I  have  several  times  seen  the  question  raised,  Why 
cannot  Hyacinths  and  Tulips  become  articles  of  com- 
merce in  England  as  they  are  on  the  Continent  ?  Are 
there  not  large  tracts  of  land  which  are  as  good  for 
this  purpose  in  our  own  country  as  those  on  the  Con- 
tinent? I  dare  say  an  affirmative  answer  might  be 
given  to  this  question,  but  it  would  not  settle  the 
matter.  Later  on  I  was  talking  to  Herr  Max  Leichtlin 
about  this  very  point,  and  his  reply  to  my  question  went 
down  to  the  very  roots  of  the  business.  He  simply 
uttered  the  word  "experience,"  and  experience  gives 
the  explanation  of  all  things.  A  Dutchman  has  been 
familiar  with  the  mysteries  of  bulb  growing  from  his 
youth,  and  there  is  no  trouble  which  he  is  unwilling 
to  take  regarding  it,  and  there  are  no  minutiae  which 
he  considers  to  be  too  small  to  attend  to,  M.  Roozen 
showed  me  in  one  of  the  fields  through  which  we 
were  passing,  a  barrowful  of  sick  Hyacinths  which 


had  been  condemned,  and  were  presently  to  be  thrown 
away ;  but  whoever  could  have  picked  out  those  sick 
bulbs  from  their  fellows  who  were  doing  well  but 
one  whose  eye  had  been  trained  to  it  by  long  years  of 
practice,  and  who  could  "  spot  "  spot  in  a  moment  ? 
I  saw  what  he  referred  to  when  I  took  the  Hyacinths 
into  my  hands  and  handle  them  carefully,  but  as  to 
marching  through  several  acres  of  bulbs  and  condemn- 
ing the  worthless  ones  at  first  sight,  it  would  have 
been  easier  to  fly ;  and  yet  apparently  common 
labourers  were  doing  this  without  any  eflfort  at  all.  I 
have  often  heard  the  question  raised  in  England  if 
bulbs  like  manure  or  not  ?  and  unless  my  memory  is 
deceptive,  the  answer  is  often  returned  in  the  nega- 
tive. The  highest  authority  that  we  have  for  Lilies,  I 
think,  has  said  that  with  the  single  exception  of 
Lilium  giganteum,  no  Lily  is  in  his  opinion  ever 
benefited  by  manure.  It  may  be  so,  but  it  is  not  the 
practice  of  Holland.  Sand  and  manure — manure  and 
sand  are  the  alpha  and  omega  of  all  things.  It  should 
be  said  that  of  course  the  manure  is  in  a  very  decom- 
posed state,  but  a  Dutchman  relies  on  it  implicitly, 
and  the  fields  are  enriched  not  only  in  the  first  in- 
stance, when  they  are  recovered  from  some  barren 
waste,  but  again  and  again,  so  that  fertility  may  not 
be  impaired.  A  bulb,  it  is  true,  does  not  like  to  lie 
in  manure — it  should  be  cushioned  in  sand,  and  the 
roots  should  push  downwards  into  the  rich  provision 
from  which  they  get  vigour  and  life.  This  tends  also 
to  keep  them  from  being  ever  burnt  up  in  the  summer. 
It  is  when  the  rootlets  have  nothing  proper  to  feed 
upon  that  they  come  too  much  to  the  surface,  and 
they  cannot  then  stand  the  burning  rays  of  the  sun. 

An  emphasis  should  be  put  on  the  thorough  de- 
composition of  the  manure,  but  it  cannot  be  bad 
practice  to  use  it  in  this  way  when  such  good  results 
flow  from  it.  Not  to  speak  of  Tulips  and  Hyacinths, 
I  saw  fields  and  fields  of  Lilies,  which  were  perfectly 
innocent  of  shade,  and  yet  doing  quite  well  after  this 
fashion. 

It  was  most  interesting  to  be  initiated  into  the  ways 
by  which  Hyacinths  are  mostly  increased.  Two 
methods  are  commonly  used.  A  threefold  incision 
from  the  base  upwards  may  be  made  in  the  bulb,  or 
the  bottom  of  it  may  be  scooped  out  altogether  in  the 
form  of  a  cup.  In  the  latter  case,  fhe  shape  of  the 
bulbs  will  be  best,  and  they  come  in  quantities  about 
the  size  of  small  Peas,  and  have  to  be  grown  on  and 
on  for  a  very  long  time.  Hyacinth  growers  seem  to 
recognise  three  distinct  sizes  lor  the  market,  of  which 
the  best  and  the  costliest  are  for  the  most  part  sent 
to  England.  It  takes  six  years  before  such  bulbs  are 
sent  out,  and  they  are  during  that  period  shifted 
several  times  from  one  kind  of  soil  to  another.  In 
addition  to  all  this,  it  would  almost  require  a  lifetime 
to  have  the  properties — such,  for  instance,  as  their 
lending  themselves  easily  to  be  forced,  their  readiness 
tomultiply,  S:c. — of  an  ionumerablearmy  of  I-Iyacinths, 
Tulips,  and  Anemones  at  one's  fingers-ends.  M. 
Roozen  estimated  his  Anemones  alone  at  a  million. 

It  would  baffle  all  computation  to  give  the  slightest 
idea  of  the  number  of  Narciss,  Tulips,  Hyacinths, 
and  of  all  sorts  and  kinds  of  things  which  are  grown 
by  him.  But  truly  it  was  a  gorgeous  sight  to  gaze 
on  the  morning  of  a  cloudless  day  on  those  great 
breadths  of  colour.  Can  anything  in  point  of  mere 
colour  go  beyond  a  Tulip  field  when  every  petal  is 
thrown  back  to  the  sun,  and  they  seem  to  be  drinking 
in  his  rays.  It  is  questionable  whether  anything  could 
make  a  more  vivid  impression  on  the  visual  orgins 
than  they  do  ;  when  looked  at  for  any  length  of  time 
they  become  quite  dazzling.  I  feel  as  though  I  had 
never  seen  red  or  yellow  before  until  I  went  to  Holland. 
It  is  not  my  province  to  enter  here  into  the  dilTer- 
ent  qualities  of  bybloemens,  of  bizarres,  and  of 
breeders — these  are  Eleusinian  mysteries  with  which 
a  professional  florist  is  alone  competent  to  deal  ;  but 
some  few  names  may  be  roughly  given  of  flowers 
which  struck  me  most  at  the  time,  and  which  I  jotted 
down  that  I  might  act  upon  them  later  on.  Brutus 
is  a  glorious  yellow  flower,  with  scarlet  streaks  on  it. 
Cerise  Gris-de-lin  speaks  for  itself  in  point  of  colour. 
Couleur  Cardinal  and  Couleur  Ponceau  are  both  very 
fine.  De  Kaiser  is  of  dark  scarlet  hue,  very  large, 
and  strikes  one  at  once.  Joost  van  den  Vondel  must 
on  no  account  be  omitted,  for  it  is  the  most  beautiful 
of  all  the  white  Tulips.  Pottebakker,  scarlet  (Ver- 
boem),  is  very  attractive.  Proserpine  excels  in  form. 
Princess  Beatrice  is  a  good  double  white  that  has  yet 
to  make  her  appearance  in  catalogues.  White  Swan 
will  always  hold  her  own,  and  with  Ophir  d'Or,  Rex 
lubiotum,   Tournesol,  Violet  Superieur  (the  four  last 


are  doubles),  the  list  comes  to  an  end  of  those  which 
made  their  way  into  my  notebook.  I  daresay  there 
may  be  many  others  as  good  or  better  than  these,  but 
for  the  excellence  of  those  named  above  I  can  answer. 
Hyacinths  had  been  for  some  time  over  in  M.  Roozen's 
fields,  but  Narcissi  were  still  lingering  when  I  paid 
him  a  visit.  Most  of  them  are  like  household 
words  just  now  in  England  ;  but  Narcissus  poeticus 
Vervaensis  is  very  distinct,  and  I  was  glad  to  make 
its  acquaintance,  Of  course  what  is  said  of  one 
collection  of  Tulips  or  Hyacinths  may  be  pretty  well 
said  of  another.  It  cannot  be  denied  that  there  is  a 
good  deal  of  sameness  in  Holland,  but  it  is  a  same- 
ness that  can  well  be  put  up  with— it  is  not  every- 
where to  be  seen.  I  especially  noticed  that  while 
florists'  Tulips  and  Hyacinths  seemed  to  be — if  it 
may  be  so  said— the  great  staple  of  the  land,  very 
many  other  things  were  evidently  in  favour  as  well, 
which  are  far  too  numerous  to  be  named.  M,  Kre- 
lage's  list  of  bulbs  is  simply  bewildering.  He  very 
kindly  pointed  out  to  me  some  good  things  as  he 
took  me  through  one  garden  after  another.  Leu- 
cojum  pulchellum  major  and  L.  vernum  fl.-pl.,  are 
both  very  good,  and  the  latter  is  somewhut  scarce.  I 
greatly  admired  Tulipa  Ostrokowskyana  (from  Dr. 
Regel),  and  another  called  suaveolens  sylvestris, 
which  differs  from  the  type  in  being  red,  is  very 
pretty  indeed.  T.  Greigi  was  in  fine  form  with  M. 
Krelage,  and  some  large  beds  full  of  dwarf  Irises — 
I.  pumila  cinerea,  I.  lutea,  and  I.  sulphurea— were 
extremely  effective.  Cape  bulbs  must  be  well 
worth  seeing  in  many  places  a  little  later  on. 
At  M.  de  Graal's  nursery  at  Leyden,  Narcissus 
Kaiser  Wilhelm  seemed  to  me  to  be  by  far  the  largest 
Narcissus  blossom  I  have  ever  seen  ;  and  Maria  de 
Graaf  and  Cecilia  de  Graaf  were  very  nice  specimens 
of  the  garden  varieties  of  moschatus  But  what  variety 
drew  me  most  at  that  garden  was  a  large  patch 
of  Gladiolus  Watsonianus  ;  it  was  very  fine  indeed, 
and  doing  well  in  one  of  ihe  frame.».  Lilium  Thomp- 
soni,  Brodiaai  Iludelii,  and  many  other  things  might 
well  have  a  word  of  praise,  but  the  truth  is  it  is 
exceedingly  difficult  to  select,  to  know  where  to  begin 
and  where  to  end,  where  so  much  is  so  good. 

I  left  Holland  after  a  snjurn  of  a  week  there  with 
many  regrets.  It  need  not  here  be  said,  that  the 
country  is  unlike  anything  else,  and  has  great  features 
of  intercit.  Flowers  are  not  its  only  attraction,  and  a 
visit  to  the  picture  gallery  at  Amsterdam,  and  organ 
recitals  at  Haarlem,  filled  up  many  hours  that  could 
be  taken  from  the  main  object  in  view.  A  Wanderer, 


"  HORTUS   FLORIDUS." 

So  much  interest  was  excited  by  the  letters  pub- 
lished  some  time  since,  concerning  this  bibliographical 
curiosity,  that  we  are  pleased  to  insert  the  following 
notes  that  have  been  obligingly  furnished  in  a  letter 
to  Canon  Ellacombe,  at  his  request,  by  Mr.  Krelage, 
who  has  added  some  comments  on  the  very  com- 
plete copy  of  the  Ej;  ish  edition  in  the  possession  of 
Canon  Ellacombe. 

The  complete  edition  of  the  English  Hortus 
Floridus,  1615  (oblong  folio),  as  far  as  can  be  ascer- 
tained, consists  of  the  following  parts  :  — 

1.  Twenty-eight  pages  text  (sheet  A — G)  containing — 
a,  the  English  title,  "A  Garden  of  Flowers,"  &c., 
I  page:  b,  "The  Booke  to  his  Readers,"  i  page;  c, 
*'  To  the  Reader  Salute,"  i  page  ;  (/,  "  The  first  booke, 
contayninge  a  very  hvely  and  true  description  of  the 
flowers  of  the  springe,"  9  pages;  c,  "The  second 
booke,"  &c.,  4  pages;  /  "The  third  booke,"  &c.,  6 
pages  :  vP.  "  The  fourth  and  laste  booke,"  »&c.  ;  and  h, 
"The  Translator  to  the  Readers  or  Practisioners,"  4 
pages  ;  i,  a  piece  of  poetry,  signed  T.   W. ,  i  page. 

2.  Engraved  Latin  general  litle,  with  the  portraits  of 
Dodonaeus  and  Clusius,  marked  "A.D.  r6i4.  Extant 
Arnhemii  apud  Joannem  [anssonium.  Biblioph.  ibid. " 

3.  Engraved  frontispiece  (a  garden  with  a  lady  and  a 
gentleman  looking  over  a  b.Uuslrade)  to  the  first  book. 

4.  Fifty-three  plates  (ihe  first  book),  marked  :  i — 41 
and  43—54  ;  or,  r— 52  and  54  ;  *  pi.  42  =  pi.  52.  In 
the  copies  in  which  pi.  42  is  omitted,  pi.  52  is  always 
to  be  found  ;  if  a  copy  possesses  pi.  42,  pi.  52  is 
omitted,  Of  the  greater  part  of  the  plates  two  editions 
exist  :  r,  one  with  insects  ;  2,  one  without  insects  on  or 
near  the  flowers.  In  the  English  copy  in  Mr.  Krelage's 
hbrary  is  to  be  found,  bound  after  pi.  54,  an  unnumbered 
plate  showing  an  instrument  for  transplanting  Tulips. 

5.  Engraved  frontispiece  (garden,  like  3)  to  the 
second  book.f 

*    Mr.    Franken's  remarks  agree  wilh   my  [opinion   on  this 


72 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


fJULY   17,    1886. 


6.  Twenty  plates  (the  second  book).  The  first  edition 
of  the  Latin  translation  consists  of  19  plates  ;  the  second 
edition  of  20  plates. 

7.  Engraving  representing  Flora,  with  cornucopia, 
leaning  against  an  Orange  tree,  with  Cyclamen,  Sun- 
flower, and  on  a  coat  on  the  right  hand,  the  epigram  : — 

"  Flora  natur?e  referens  vices, 
Exhibet  blandas  violas,  rosasque, 
Quicquid  et  dites  Arabes  remittunt. 
Spargit  odorem.     A.  \B." 

8.  Engraved  frontispiece  to  the  third  book  (garden, 
without  lady  and  gentleman,  and  with  other  flowers  in 
the  beds). 

g.  Twenty-seven  plates  (the  third  book).  PI.  i — 25, 
and  two  supplementary  plates,  viz,,  13 — 14  and  25. 
The  description  of  these  supplementary  plates  is  to  be 
found  in  the  English  text,  under  Nos.  13,  14,  and  25. 

10.  Engraved  frontispiece  to  the  fourth  book 
(t=  under  8). 

11.  Twelve  plates  (the  fourth  book),  marked  id — 12D. 
Remark  on   Books   I.   to  /F.— There  exist    different 

engravings  of  almost  all  the  plates  of  these  four  books, 
differing  but  very  slightly  ;  for  example,  sometimes 
plates  are  numbered,  sometimes  not,  &c.  As  for  the 
English  text,  it  is  perhaps  preferable  to  bring  it  in  the 
book  before  the  plates,  as  the  signature  of  the  sheets  is 
not  interrupted.     A,  to  G. 

12.  Title  to  the  second  principal  part  :  "  Cognos- 
cite,"  &c. 

13.  One  hundred  and  twenty  plates  on  61  folios  with- 
out text.     (Second  principal  part.)  * 

14.  At  the  reverse  side  of  plate  120,  in  a  typographic 
ornament,  the  words  :  "  Finis  coronat  opus." 

Remarks  on  Mr.  Ellacombe's  Copy. 
4.  As  to  the  omission  of  the  text  of  plates  42  to  54 
Miltitz  in  his  Bibl.  Bat.,  Berol.,  1829,  remarks:  — 
"I.  Booke,  textus  fol.  5,  tab,  aen.  41,  ut  in  priori 
editione  (viz..  the  Latin  edition),  et  praeterea  tab.  43— 
54  Tuliparum,  quarum  vero  nulla  in  textu  mentio." 
Pritzel,  in  his  Thesaurus,  has  copied  the  above  passage. 
Th.  J.  T.  Arnold  says,  that  "  these  plates  (42  (3)— 54) 
were  published  at  a  later  date  than  the  others,  when  the 
EngUsh  and  Dutch  text  had  already  been  published." 
In  the  Latin  edition  the  text  of  these  plates  is  printed 
in  verso  of  the  plates.  Miltitz  seems  not  to  have  seen 
plate  42  (nor  has  Mr.  Ellacombe)  ;  but  it  is  the  same  as 
plate  52  ;  it  figures — Tulipa  Adriani  Bitsi  lutea  rubris 
fiammis  elegan.  ornata,  and  Tulipa  Nob.  viri  yoftan-a 
Seulen  albl  rubris  maculis  puncta,  vide  "  Franken,  Les 
Van  de  Passe." 

6.  As  to  Mr.  Ellacombe's  question  about  plates  18  and 
30  :  these  represent  18  (which  is  also  missing  in  my 
English  copy,  but  which  I  possess  in  my  Latin  edi- 
tions) :  Caryophylleus  fi.  albo  punctato,  and  Cariophilus 
floresanguineo  :  and  Caryophylus  flore  niveo.  20.  Cario- 
phylus  maxiraus  col.  carneo,  Cariophylus  raaxiraus  varie- 
gatis. 

7.  This  page  seems  not  to  be  found  in  Mr.  Ellacombe's 
copy. 

9.  In  Mr.  Ellacombe's  copy  the  two  supplementary 
plates  seem  not  to  be  found. 

12.  The  Latin  general  title,  "Altera  pars  Horti 
fioridi,"  &c.,  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  English  edition, 
neither  are  there  found  the  four  special  Latin  titles  pre- 
ceding the  four  books  of  the  first  part. 

13.  Plate  27 — 28  represents  Primula  veris  and  Pyrus. 

References   to   the   Literature   of    "Horti 

Floridi:"   English  Edition. 

Afonographs. 

Cr.  Passaeus'  "  Hortus  Floridus,"  door  Th.  J.  T. 
Arnold,  published  in  Bibliograpkiscke  Adversaria, 
ii,.  No.  6.  the  Haye,  Mart.  Nyhoft',  1875;  and  Biblio- 
^raphische  Adversaria,  iii..  No.  4,  the  Haye,  Mart. 
Nyhoff,  1876.  Mr,  Arnold  gives  a  description  of  a 
complete  Latin  copy,  not  without  some  shght  inac- 
curacies, but  not  of  the  English  editions,  which  he 
probably  never  saw. 

L'CEuvre  grave  des  Van  de  Pa^se,  d^crit  par  D. 
Franken,  Dz.  Amsterdam  :  Fred.  Muller  &  Co.,  i88r, 
p.  265,  No.  1346.  In  this  excellent  work  very  inter- 
esting notes  are  given  on  the  history  and  works  of 
the  family  De  Passe.  The  author  distinguishes  six 
editions: — "  i.  I^es  planches  publiees  s^parement  sans 
numero,  avant  les  terrains,  d'ou  sortent  les  plantes  et 
avant  les  insectes  (Cabinet  des  Estampes  d  Paris). 
ii.  Sans  texte  (description  des  plantes)  raais  avec  I'intro- 
duction  en  HoUandais,  la  planche  de  I'instrument  pour 
d^porter  les  oignons  en  fleur,  les  terrains,  &c.  iii.  Avec 
le  texte  Latin,  iv,  Avec  le  texte  Anglais,  v.  Avec  un 
texte  (?)  toujours  avec  un  titre  en  HoUandais,  vi.  Avec 
un  texte  (?)  toujours  avec  un  titre  Fran9ais."  Probably 
V.  is  the  same  as  ii. 

About  edition  iv.  is  said  : — "  iv.  Avec  le  texte  Anglais. 

•  Mr.  Franken  supposes  tliAt  the  plates  of  the  second  prin- 
cipal part  are  en^aved  by  an  unknown  German  artist  ;  cer- 
(■ainly  they  are  not  engraved  by  one  of  the  De  Passes. 


Je  ne  fais  que  citer  cette  Edition  :  je  n'ai  jamais  vu 
d'exemplaire." 

From  all  this  it  may  be  concluded  that  the  English 
edition  is  the  rarest. 

The  English  edition  is  mentioned  : — 

1.  Bibl.  Bof..  a  J.  F.  Seguierio  digeslus  accessit  5//'/. 
Bat.  Bamaldi,  &c.,  1740,  p.  134.  (i.  Index  librorum 
rei  herbarias).  "Translated  out  of  the  Nederlandish 
original  into  English,  1615,  m.  4,  icon,  117." 

2.  Bibl.  Bot.,  auctore  A.  von  Haller,  tome  i.,  p.  415, 
§  432.  Tiguri  apud  Orell,  &c  ,  1771.  Von  Haller  copies 
Seguier.     Inexact. 

3.  F.  A.  Miltitz,  Bibl.  Bof.,  Berolini,  1829,  p.  83. 
Exact  description  of  the  English  edition. 

4.  Manuel  du  Libraire;  par  J.  C.  Brunei  :  3d  edition, 
tome  iii,  A  Bruxelles,  1821.  "  II  y  a  une  Edition 
d'Utrecht,  1615,  in  fol.  obi.,  texte  Anglais  4  laquelle  on  a 
ajout^  les  pi.  42 — 54  pour  le  printemps."  Incorrect 
note. 

5.  Thesaurus  Lit.  Bot  Cur.,  G.  A.  Pritzel.  Lips, 
Brockhaus,  1851.  No.  7796.  Gives  the  English  title 
and  copies  Miltitz. 

6.  G tilde  to  the  Literature  0/ Botany,  ]a.cksQn,  1881 ; 
§  12,  early  modern,  p.  37.  Mentions  the  first  words  of 
the  English  edition. 

It  may  be  observed  that  Garidel  and  Pater  d'Ardene 
mentioned  this  work,  and  had  a  discussion  about  the 
existence  of  the  Latin  edition. 

Tournefort,  in  his  Institutiones  rei  Herbarei,  tome 
i.,  p.  43.  Paris,  1700,  mentions  : — 

Editions  1614  et  1617  (Latin  ed.). 

Garidel,  Histoire  des  Plantes  qui  naissent  aux 
environs  d'Aix,  &c.,  1715,  fol.,  p.  xxxii.  Explication 
des  Noms  des  auteurs  botanistes.  hones  Crispini  Pas- 
saei,  1607  [?]. 

"Quoique  M.  de  Tournefort  nous  donne  le  titre  de 
ce  Hvre  en  Latin,  I'ouvrage  est  pourtant  en  Fran9ois.  Je 
ne  crois  pas  qu'il  ait  Jamais  6t6  traduit  en  Latin  [!  !] 
tout  ce  livre  qui  est  in  longa  forma  n'^tant  qu'un 
recueil  de  fleurs  dont  I'auteur  en  a  donn^  d'excellentes 
figures.  ..."  (Then  he  gives  the  French  title).  "  L'on 
trouve  au  frontispice  de  cette  m^me  Edition  le  litre 
Latin  suivant  fort  different  de  celui  de  M.  de  Tourne- 
fort :  Hortus  Floridus,  &c.  ]e  ne  S9ai  si  M.  de 
Tournefort  a  eu  en  main  une  autre  Edition  que  celle  que 
j'ai  puisqu'il  I'a  dit  faite  k  Arnheira  en  1607,  la  mienne 
est  k  Utrecht  en  1614." 

D'Ardene,  P.  de  I'Oratoire,  in  his  Traite  des  Revon- 
eules,  3d  edition,  Avignon,  1763,  p.  7  ;  and  in  his 
Traiti  de  Tulipe,  Avignon,  1765,  pp.  20,  79,  mentions 
the  Hortus  Floridus,  and  differs  in  his  opinion  on  the 
existence  of  the  Latin  edition  with  Garidel.  He  pos- 
sesses, too,  the  second  principal  part  of  the  work. 

Lastly  we  may  refer  to  the  different  articles  in  the 
Gardeners  Chronicle,    1885,  ii.,  viz.,  pp.  346,  362,  395, 
439,  and  469. 
J.  H.  Krelage,  Haarlem^  Holland, 


THE  HIMALAYAN  HEMLOCK 
SPRUCE,   TSUGA   BRUNONIANA. 

I  FIRST  met  with  this  graceful  tree  (fig.  14)  on  the 
banks  of  the  Tambur  River,  in  Eastern  Nepal,  in 
November,  1848,  and  have  described  'Wmmy  Journal 
as  a  beautiful  species,  forming  a  stately  blunt  pyramid, 
with  branches  spreading  like  the  Cedar,  but  not  so 
stiff,  and  drooping  gracefully  on  all  sides  ;  and  its 
surrounding  scenery  as  grand  as  any  depicted  in 
pictures  by  Salvator  Rosa  ;  a  river  roaring  in  sheets 
of  foam,  sombre  woods,  crags  of  gneiss  rocks,  and  tier 
upon  tier  of  lofty  mountains  flanked  and  crested  with 
groves  of  black  Firs  (Abies  Webbiana),  terminating  in 
snow-sprinkled  rocky  peaks.  Here  one  individual  was 
measured,  and  found  to  be  20  feet  in  girth,  at  about 
5  feet  frorn  the  ground,  and  its  concomitant  vegetation 
was  of  many  Rhododendrons  (especially  arboreum, 
Hodgsooi,  Falconeri,  and  barbatum),  Leyceslcria 
formosa,  Thalictrums,  Roses,  Thistles,  Alder,  Oaks, 
Birch,  Magnolias,  Camellias,  Euryas,  Laurels,  Bar- 
berries, Holly,  Anemones,  Strawberries,  Raspberries, 
an  alpine  Bamboo,  and  many  other  genera  of  the  tem- 
perate and  sub-alpine  regions  of  the  Himalaya,  On 
another  occasion,  in  the  Lachen  valley  of  Sikkim,  I 
measured  a  .Spruce  that  was  28  feet  in  girth  and 
120  feet  in  height.  Nor  were  these  very  exceptional 
dimensions,  though  they  greatly  exceed  what  prevails 
in  the  Darjeeling  district  of  Sikkim,  for  Mr.  Gamble 
in  his  list  of  the  trees,  shrubs,  and  large  climbers  of 
that  region,  gives  60  to  80  feet  as  the  average  stature 
of  this  tree  and  10  to  15  feet  as  the  average  girth  at 
4  feet  from  the  ground. 

The  Himalayan  Hemlock  Spruce  does  not  extend 
westward  beyond  Kumaon,  where,  according  to 
Madden,  it  attains  a  height  of  70  to  80  feet,  and 
yields  an  inferior  timber ;  eastwards  it  extends  into 
Bhotan,  where  Griffith  met  with  it  at  6500  to  9000 


feet,  which  is  a  considerably  lower  elevation  than  it 
affects  in  Sikkim,  where  its  inferior  level  is  about 
8000  feet,  and  its  superior  10,000  feet.  The  wood  in 
Sikkim  is  little  used,  not  being  durable,  but  the  bark 
is  much  employed  for  roofing. 

In  a  geographical  point  of  view  the  occurrence  of  a 
Tsuga  in  the  Himalaya  is  interesting,  as  affording  an 
evidence  of  the  affinity  of  the  flora  with  that  of  Japan 
and  North  America.  The  latter  country,  and 
especially  its  north-west  territories,  are  the  head- 
quarters of  the  genus.  On  the  sierras  of  California, 
Oregon,  and  British  Columbia,  three  species  are 
found— T.  Mertensiana,  T.  Pattoniana,  and  T. 
Hookeriana  ;  in  Eastern  America  there  is  only  one, 
T.  canadensis,  the  type  of  the  genus.  One,  T.  Sie- 
boldii,  occurs  in  Japan,  between  which  country  and 
the  Himalayas  none  have  as  yet  been  found,  ihough  it 
is  most  probable  that  one  or  more  species  will  be 
found  in  the  mountains  of  Western  China.  And 
this  reminds  me  that  the  central  region  of  the  Hima- 
layas, including  Kumaon,  Nepal,  and  Sikkim,  is  the 
most  interesting  on  the  globe  as  the  meeting  point  of 
the  types  of  many  floras,  which  advance  no  further 
in  any  direction.  Genera  of  the  Malayan  archi- 
pelago reach  its  hot  humid  valleys,  but  there  they  end. 
On  its  drier  outer  ranges,  types  of  the  Deccan  flora 
reach  their  northern  limit.  In  its  temperate  and  sub- 
alpine  regions  are  intermixed  in  profusion  orders  and 
tribes  characteristic  severally  of  Europe,  Dahuria, 
China,  Japan,  and  both  eastern  and  western  North 
America  :  whilst  in  its  alpine  and  sub-alpine  regions 
are  representatives  in  numbers  of  the  floras  of  Scan- 
dinavia, the  Altai,  Siberia,  and  the  Arctic  zone. 

T.  Brunoniana  is  a  tender  plant  in  most  parts  of 
England.  At  Kew  it  has  been  killed,  and  I  have  seen 
no  good  specimen  nearer  London  than  on  a  south 
slope  near  Leith  Hill,  and  then  only  in  a  very  shel- 
tered and  well  watered  valley.  All  the  other  species 
of  the  genus  do  well  at  Kew.  J.  D.  Hooker. 


THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 

No.  VI. 

Fiji. — The  products  of  these  islands  occupy  a  com- 
paratively small  space,  and  though  there  is  but  lit  le 
of  absolute  novelty  among  them  there  are,  neverthe- 
less, some  of  considerable  interest.  The  Coca-nut  and 
its  products,  as  might  be  supposed,  is  fully  represented, 
as  well  as  Candle-nuts  (Aleurites  moluccanus),  the  oil 
of  which  is  used  for  illuminating  purposes  ;  and  Dilo- 
nuts,  the  kernels  of  Calophyllum  inophyllum,  from 
which  an  abundance  of  oil  is  obtained  having  a  high 
reputation  for  the  cure  of  rheumatism.  Tapa  cloths 
are  also  abundant,  the  entrances  to  the  court  being 
hung  with  cuitains  of  this  material,  which,  as  our 
readers  will  know,  is  the  beatenout  baikofthe  Paper 
Mulberry  (Broussonetia  papyrifera).  Amongst  the 
many  valuable  woods  that  are  found  in  the  Fiji  islands 
the  "  Visa  "  and  the  Sandal-wood  will  attract  most 
notice,  for  here  is  shown  a  canoe  cut  out  of  a  solid 
"  Vesi  "  trunk.  The  tree  which  furnishes  it  is  a  legu- 
minous one  (Afzelia  bijuga),  and  the  wood  is  heavy, 
close  and  even  grained,  and  of  an  intensely  dark  brown 
colour.  The  natives  use  it  not  only  for  canoes  but 
also  for  pillars  for  houses,  bowls  in  which  to  serve  kava, 
war  clubs,  &c.  The  Sandal-wood  (Santalum  yazi)  was, 
it  is  said,  "at  one  time  plentiful  in  various  parts  of 
Fiji  ;  but  in  the  early  stage  of  settlement  its  destruc- 
tion must  have  been  most  indiscriminate." 

Under  the  name  of  Bandina  Boxwood  some  blocks 
are  shofvn  of  a  remarkably  hard  wood,  which  appeared 
upon  examination  to  be  suitable  for  engraving  pur- 
poses. It  is,  however,  of  a  dark  brown  colour, 
which,  it  seems,  unfits  it  for  the  better  kind  of  work. 
Upon  submitting  a  sample  of  this  wood  to  an  expert, 
he  reported  that  the  wood  has  no  special  claim  in 
consequence  of  its  dark  colour.  This,  he  says,  con- 
siderably reduces  the  value,  as  it  could  only  compete 
with  inferior  Box,  which  is  at  present  supplied  in 
sufficient  quantity.  He  explains  this  objection  by 
saying  that  *'  cutting  upon  wood  is  like  drawing 
upon  paper ;  if  it  is  tinted,  there  must  be  a  limit  to 
the  density  of  the  tint,  or  your  drawing  will  be 
absorbed  by  the  tint  upon  which  it  is  drawn.  An 
engraver  would  have  difliculty  in  observing  his  pro- 
gress while  doing  his  work."  The  plant  producing 
this  Bandina  Boxwood  is  at  present  unknown,  but  it 
is  stated  that  should  it  prove  useful  it  could  be  had  in 
any  quantity  up  to  two  feet  in  diameter  from  Fiji, 
and  the  other  outlying  groups  of  islands  in  the 
Pacific. 


JDI.Y    17,    1886.1 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


73 


Some  fine  masses  of  Kava  root  (Piper  methysticum) 
are  shown,  also  powdered  Kava  root.  This,  it  will 
be  remembered,  is  the  source  from  whence  the  Fijian 
beverage  called  kava  is  made  by  masticating  the  root 
and  ejecting  and  fermenting  the  saliva.  It  is  known 
to  have  diuretic  properties,  and  has  latterly  attracted 
some  notice  for  its  medicinal  value  in  this  country. 
Quite  recently,  indeed  within  the  last  few  weeks,  a 
spirit  prepared  from  Kava  root  has  appeared  on 
sale  at  the  refreshment  bars  in  the  Exhibition,     It  is 


constant  use  that  chiefs  and  people  alike  owe  their 
robust  health,  in  spite  of  the  depressing  influence  of 
their  tropical  climate.  This  primitive  and  unsophis< 
ticated  liquor  regulates  the  action  of  the  internal 
organs  ;  it  possesses  remarkable  soothing  properties  ; 
it  is  a  health  stimulant,  an  excellent  brain-feeder,  a 
wonderful  restorer  of  faded  energies  and  of  exhausted 
nerve-power.  It  is  a  preventive  to  gout  and  rheuma- 
tism. To  those  engaged  in  heavy  intellectual  labour 
it  gives  renewed  energy.     It  is  a  veritable  Elixir  of 


Fig.  14.— tsuoa  brunoniana  :    Himalayan  hemlock  spruce,     (see  r.  72.) 

(From  a  diawing  made  in  Nepal  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker.) 


a  colourless  liquid  and  is  sold  in  square,  white  glass, 
capsuled  bottles,  with  labels  fully  describing  its  virtues. 
It  is  called  Yagona,  the  finest  Kava  Schnapps,  or 
aromatic  gin,  and  its  value  is  set  forth  as  follows  : — 
*'  The  active  principle  of  this  agreeable  and 
splendid  beverage  is  prepared  from  the  root  of 
the  Piper  methysticum,  a  species  of  Pepper.  The 
root  is  called  Yagona  by  ihe  natives  of  Fiji,  and 
from  it  they  make  their  national  diink,  which 
is  diuretic  rather  than  intoxicating.  Yagona 
has  been  the  Royal  drink  of  the  Fijian  and 
Samoan  chiefs  from  time  immemorial,  and  it  is  to  its 


Life.  As  a  diuretic  it  ii  unrivalled,  and  it  imparts  a 
purity  to  the  blood," 

If  the  general  use  of  the  "Yagona"  should  be  the 
only  result  of  the  Exhibition,  it  will  finally  have 
fultilled  a  great  mission  ! 

A  liltle  Handbook  to  Fiji  and  Catalosui  of  thi 
Exhibits  has  been  issued  under  the  authority  of  ihe 
Executive  Commissioner,  the  Hon.  James  E.  Mason, 
M.I.C.,  and  this  contains  some  interesting  facts  on  the 
culture  of  the  Cocoa-nut,  Cinchona,  Coffee,  Cotton, 
Sugar,  Tea,  Tobacco,  &c.  Of  the  latter  we  are  told  that 
though  it  flourishes  in  all  the  islands  of  Fiji,  it  is  most 


largely  cultivated,  and  reaches  its  greatest  perfection 
in  the  "  Colo,"  or  highland  provinces  of  Viii  Leon,  the 
largest  island  of  the  group.  All  sorts  nl  Tobacco 
seed  have  been  grown,  including  Virginia  and 
Latakia.  The  natives  smoke  their  tobacco  rolled  up 
into  "  saluka  "  or  cit;areiies,  the  wrapper  used  being 
the  dry  leaf  of  the  Plantain.  Connoisseurs  are  very 
particular  in  the  choice  of  their  wrappers,  and  will 
only  use  the  leaves  of  certain  sorts  of  Plantains. 
Tobacco  is  an  important  iota  of  native  life.  Without 
it  and  kava  no  important  discussion  can  be  conducted. 

New  Zealand. 

Amongst  the  products  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  in 
this  court  timber  and  its  manufactures,  in  the  form 
principally  of  elaborate  cabinet-work,  holds  a  pro- 
minent place.  Here  we  see  some  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful pieces  of  mottled  Kauri  (Dammara  australis) 
imaginable,  certainly  the  most  ornamental  wood  of 
the  colony,  also  fine  specimens  of  Honeysuckle 
(Knightiaexcelsa),  besides  which  there  is  a  good  series 
of  well  named  building  timbers.  A  fairly  good  show  is 
also  made  of  Kauri  gum,  the  resin  from  the  tree  men- 
tioned above,  which  is  dug  up  in  large  quantities 
and  sometimes  in  enormous  lumps,  and  used  for 
varnish  making.  None  of  the  lumps  shown,  however, 
in  the  Exhibition  equal  in  size  those  we  occasionally 
see  in  commerce  in  this  country.  Some  of  the  speci- 
mens aie  curious,  and  will  attract  attention  on 
account  of  their  dark  colour  and  admixture  with  coal. 
It  is  stated  that  this  dark  coloured  gum  waj  much  in 
demand  some  time  since,  when  the  fashion  prevailed 
for  dark  wood  furniture,  as  the  polish  or  varnish  pre- 
pared from  it  greatly  helped  to  deepen  the  col  lur. 
A  small  specimen  of  Kauri  wood  is  shown  with  the 
resin  naturally  deposited  on  it — indeed  almost  covered 
with  it — showing  the  abundance  with  which  it  ii 
formed  in  the  trunk  of  the  tree. 

The  botanical  visitor  to  the  New  Zealand  court 
will  not  fail  to  note  the  fine  mass  of  Raoulia  eximia, 
the  Composite  plant  which  the  colonists  call  Vege- 
table Sheep,  in  consequence  of  its  forming  large 
shaggy  looking  tufts  on  the  mountains,  which  in  the 
distance  are  readily  mistaken  for  sheep. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Geographically  considered  New  Zealand  and  the 
Cape  are  not  near  neighbours,  but  at  Kensington  a 
few  seconds  take  us  from  one  country  to  the  other. 
The  Cape  collection  will  be  remembered  for  its  dia- 
mond  washing  and  polishing,  and  for  its  ostrich  leathers, 
and  foremost  amongst  its  vegetable  products  for  its 
fine  collection  of  woods  and  dried  medicinal  plants, 
and  not  less  for  its  excellent  Official  Handbook  and 
Catalogue  of  Exhibits.  In  the  former  the  "  Sketch 
of  the  Flora  of  South  Africa,"  by  Mr.  Harry  Bolus, 
F.L.  S.,  already  commented  on  in  these  pages, 
contains  a  great  deal  of  valuable  and  interesting 
matter.  The  following  description  of  the  Karroo  re- 
gion will  be  read  with  interest  : — "  During  periods  of 
drought  nothing  can  be  imagined  more  desolate  and 
mournful  than  the  appearance  of  the  vegetation  ;  the 
soil  is  rarely  covered,  bare  patches  of  greater  or  less 
extent  intervening  between  shrubs  and  bushes.  These 
are  frequently  blackened  by  drought  as  if  they  had 
been  killed  by  fire.  The  largest,  and  indeed,  almost 
the  only  trees  are  those  of  the  Acacia  leonida  (Dorru- 
boom),  which  line  the  banks  of  the  dry  river  beds  ai 
with  a  fringe  ;  and  occasionally  on  the  higher  moun- 
tain sides  a  few  other  trees  of  shrubby  habit  occur. 
For  the  most  part  the  shrubs  are  scattered,  and  range 
from  5  to  S  feet  in  height,  with  intervening  shrubleti, 
I  to  2  feet.  Yet,  after  copious  rains,  all  will  be 
changed  within  a  week  or  two,  as  if  by  magic.  Many 
of  the  apparently  dead  bushes  put  forth  bright 
green  leaves  ;  the  shrublets  are  covered  with  flowers 
often  before  leaves  can  be  seen  ;  bulbous  plants  which 
may  not  have  flowered  for  several  years  previously, 
send  up  their  scapes  with  incredible  rapidity,  and 
annual  flowering  bulbs  and  grasses  are  everywhere 
seen  where  formerly  all  was  bare  and  barren.  Nama- 
qualand,  perhaps,  exhibits  this  phenomenon  to  the 
most  striking  extent,  I  was  amazed  on  visiting  that 
desert  country  after  the  rains  of  June  to  July,  1883, 
to  see  tract.s  hundreds  of  acres  in  extent,  covered 
with  sheets  of  living  fire  or  glowing  purple,  visible 
from  several  mil-s*  distance,  caused  by  the  beautiful 
Composilae  in  flower  ;  and  nothing  is  more  singular 
than  to  see  this  luxuriance  intermingled  with  the 
black  or  white  branches  of  dead  shrubs,  killed  by 
previous  droughts,  standing  like  ghostly  intruders  on  a 
scene  of  merriment  and  joy.     These  charming  displays 


74 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  17,  iS86. 


piss  away  all  too  rapidly,   and  in  a  month  ot  two 
lillle  that  is  beautiful  remains." 

Mr.  Bolus  gives  an  enumeration  of  the  plants  found 
in  this  region  which  belong  to  very  dilTerent  natural 
orders,  and  remarks  that  the  predominating  fiaiute 
of  the  region  is  the  peculiar  adaptation  of  its  vegetable 
life  to  meet  the  severe  conditions  of  the  dry  and  hot 
climate  and  soil.  Some  idea  of  the  appearance  of  the 
plants  may  be  obtained  from  those  which  are  used  to 
give  a  character  to  the  scenery  surrounding  the 
stufTed  ostriches,  sheep,  and  goats  in  the  case  imme- 
diately to  the  left  on  entering  the  court. 

In  the  catalogue  referred  to  is  an  excellent  liht  of  medi- 
cinal plants  and  iheir  usfs,  and  also  a  valuable  descrip- 
tive list  of  ihe  wood.^.  Of  the  Kimissi  or  Knyana  Box- 
wood (Gonioma  Kamassi)  we  learn  that  until  recently 
it  was  cut  indiscriminately  with  other  woods  for 
fencing  pole^  but  the  discovery  of  its  value  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  true  Boxwood  has  led  to  its  stricter  preser- 
vation. It  has  been  reported  upon  by  a  London 
firm  of  wood  engravers  as  ''suitable  for  the  finest 
mechanical  engraving,  such  as  machinery  of  all  de- 
scriptions also  adapted  for  ordinary  engraving 
purposes."  Further  trials,  it  is  anticipated,  will  lead 
to  an  export  trade  in  this  wood,  which,  by  some,  is 
considered  superior  to  East  London  Box-wood, 
recently  described  as  Buxus  Macowani. 

The  concrete  juice  of  Euphorbia,  which  has  of 
late  years  been  used  in  the  preparation  of  a  paint  for 
coating  ships'  bottoms  to  prevent  them  fouling,  is 
described  as  being  sometimes  used  in  King  William's 
Town  to  destroy  corns,  and  as  a  blister,  and  it  is  also 
used  by  thieves  to  obliterate  the  mark  on  stolen 
stock  ;  when  the  juice  is  rubbed  on  the  animal's  hide 
it  turns  the  hair  white.  By  rubbing  their  flanks 
against  Ihe  stiff  Cactus-like  branches,  horses  often 
acquire  while  streaks  on  their  coats,  the  hair  becom- 
ing blanched  where  the  Euphorbia  juice  has  acted. 

It  may  be  as  well  here  to  correct  a  slight  error  that 
occurred  in  the  notes  last  week  under  New  South 
Wales,  where,  referring  to  the  so't  down  which 
clothes  the  bases  of  the  leaf-stalks  of  Macrnzimia 
spiralis,  the  word  pulse  occurs  where  it  should  be 
Pulu. 


ST.  JOHN'S  FLOWER,  FRUIT, 
AND  VEGETABLE  MARKET,  LIVER- 
POOL. 

Visitors  to  the  late  show  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  at  Liverpool  of  a  marketing  turn  of 
mind,  doubtless  paid  a  vidt  to  St.  John's  Flower 
Market,  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  ciiy.  and  near  to 
Lewis'  vast  emporium— the  Liverpool  Whitely. 

The  writer  of  these  remarks  spent  a  short 
time  in  the  market  on  a  Saturday  night,  and  the 
impression  left  (comparing  it  with  Covent  Garden 
Market)  was  that  the  Liverpudlians  are  slightly  ahead 
of  us  in  this  important  respect  —  while  Covent 
Garden  is  closed  as  a  market  after  a  few  hours  in  the 
early  morning,  and  is  therefore  practically  in  the 
hands  of  the  traders,  in  Liverpool — at  any  rate,  on 
the  great  wage  night— an  aliimportint  night— the 
most  humble  folk  can  go  direct  to  the  market  and 
purchase  at  market  prices  what  they  wish  in  the 
flower,  fruit,  and  vegetable  line— In  such  a  centre  as 
Liverpool  a  great  advantage.  That  the  boon  is 
appreciated  was  seen  in  the  vast  crowd  promenading 
up  and  d)wn  the  various  avenues  in  spite  of  the 
■difficul'.ies  of  locomotion.  And  then  what  a  Babel 
of  voices  !— Ihe  vendors  recommending  their  different 
wares  in  lusty,  earnest,  and  at  times  hardly  intellig- 
ible sounds. 

It  would  be  invidious,  perhaps,  to  single  out  any 
of  the  numerous  flower-stalls,  yet  in  a  necessarily 
hurried  run  through,  those  of  Messrs.  Fishlock 
Brothers,  Mrs.  Fenn,  and  Ihe  Liverpool  Horticul- 
tural Company  struck  me  as  deserving  of  special  com- 
mendatory notice.  In  each  of  these  were  to  be 
found  thoroughly  representative  displays  of  Ihe 
flowers  in  season— bright  and  attractive  exhibitions. 

Liverpudlians  seem  to  be  "great  "  in  wreath-mak- 
ing—some charming  examples  being  on  view— models 
of  chaste  acd  elegant  arrangement.  Water  Lilies 
appeared  to  be  specially  abundant. 

A  few  remarks  by  way  of  conclusion  on  the  building 
itself,  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  a  local  work,  may 
not  be  out  of  place  here. 

The  market  was  commenced  in  1S20,  from  the 
designs  of  Mr.  John  Foster,  Corporation  Surveyor, 
and  was  opened  in  1S23,  when  the  market  was  finally 


removed  from  Castle  Street.  In  point  of  con- 
venience and  adaptation  to  its  purpose  the  market 
possesses  one  great  advantage— that  of  simpliciiy  — a 
right-angled  parallelogram,  surrounded  by  streets  on 
the  four  sides,  and  intersected  by  avenues,  Ijngltu- 
dinally  and  transversely.  It  is  simply  a  large  area 
protected  from  the  weather.  The  size  of  covered 
area  is  1S3  yards  by  45  yards,  inclosing  not  short  of 
2  acres,  imparting  a  certain  dignity  to  the  erection. 

To  architectural  merit  it  can  hardly  lay  claim,  the 
heavy  carpentering  of  the  roof,  and  the  narrow  spoce 
covered  by  each  si»an,  giving  a  feeling  of  lowness  and 
almost  gloom.  Much  alliwance,  however,  must  be 
made  for  the  time  when  it  was  erected  ;  sixty  years 
have  done  much  in  the  way  of  iron  roofs,  clear  glass, 
and  bold  spans. 

What  a  noble  effect  would  be  produced  by  a  similar 
area,  spanned  by  a  roof  similar  to  that  of  Lime  Street 
Railway  Station,  and  covered  wholly  or  partially  with 
glass  ! 

The  opening  o(  the  market  did  much  towards  im- 
proving the  immediate  neighbourhood,  which  until 
that  time  had  been  a  noted  locality,  occupied  princi- 
pally by  rope  walks  without  any  thoroughfares.   B. 


FRUIT    AND    FLOWER 
GROWING    FOR    MARKET. 

The  vast  quantiiies  of  Grapes,  Strawberries,  and 
Peaches  grown  by  Mr.  Ladds  at  his  several  places  — 
Bexley  Heath,  Dartford  Heath,  and  Swanley— in 
years  past,  will  be  quite  put  in  the  shade  by  this 
year's  crop,  especially  at  the  two  last-named  places. 

At  Bixley  Heath,  where  all  the  Vines  are  now 
arrived  at  a  full  bearing  state,  there  is  a  fine  show  of 
fruit.  The  oldest  Vines,  Alicante  and  Lady  Downe'n, 
occupying  a  house  300  feet  long  by  25  feet  wide, 
notwithstanding  the  extraordinary  weight  of  fruit 
they  have  borne  annually  for  nine  years,  do  not  seem 
to  be  in  any  way  weakened  thereby,  as  the  crop  so 
far  appears  to  be  quite  equal  to  that  they  have  pro- 
duced before.  The  two  houses  of  Gros  Colmir,  each 
150  feet  by  25,  are  wonderfully  strong,  carrying  a 
splendid  lot  of  bunches,  as  also  are  the  iNIuscats 
with  which  another  house  is  filled.  The  same 
applies  to  the  adjoining  house  devoted  to  Alicante. 
The  three  houses,  each  300  feet  by  24,  in  the 
furthest  part  of  the  grounds,  which  last  year 
were  fruited  the  full  length  of  the  rod-,  are  again  bear- 
ing an  immense  crop,  as  even  as  if  the  bunches  had 
been  tied  on  by  hand. 

At  Dartford  Heath,  in  the  four  houses,  each  130 
feet  long,  first  planted  with  Peaches,  the  trees  now  fill 
the  space  allotted  to  them,  and  are  carrying  a  promis- 
ing crop,  averaging  about  150  fruit  each.  Eighteen 
more  houses,  of  simiUr  siz;,  have  here  been  planted 
with  Peaches :  in  two  or  three  of  these  a  large 
number  of  kinds  have  been  put  in  with  a  view  to  test 
what  varieties  will  best  answer  f<-.r  market  to  come  in 
at  the  time  ihey  are  required.  Here,  and  at  Swanley, 
Ihere  have  this  season  been  120,000  Strawberries  gro\4  n 
in  pots.  Little  forcing  is  attempted,  the  crop  being 
regulated  so  as  to  come  in  to  give  a  succession  during 
the  time  that  intervenes  between  those  that  are  forced 
and  the  outdoor  fruit.  At  the  time  I  saw  Ihem  (the 
beginning  of  J  une)  the  earlier  portion  of  the  crop  was 
over,  but  the  quantities  that  were  ripe  and  coming  on 
were  such  ihat  a  mere  description  conveys  lillle  idea 
of.  Something  like  a  score  of  the  long  houses  at  Dait- 
ford  Heath  were  filled  with  them.  The  pots  in  all 
cases  are  stood  on  the  floors.  So  placed  in  these  low 
light  houses,  the  growth,  made  slowly  with  only  a 
little  more  protection,  is  in  no  way  behind  that  which 
is  made  by  forced  phnts  elevated  close  to  the  ghss  in 
the  ordinary  way.  In  addition  to  the  houses  already 
named,  there  is  a  block  of  three  spans,  each  25  feet 
wide  and  325  feet  long  ;  there  are  no  divisional  walli, 
the  centre  gutters  being  supported  on  brick  piers. 
This  represents  a  Strawberry  bed  considerably  over 
half  an  acre,  such  as  there  can  be  little  doubt  in  say- 
ing was  never  seen  under  glass  before.  Growers  of 
pot  Strawberries  will  not  have  forgotten  the  difficulty 
there  was  list  summer  through  the  prolonged  dry 
weather  in  getting  runners,  and  wiih  the  quantiiies 
that  Mr.  Lidds  requires  the  difficulty  was  increased. 
In  September  I  saw  the  runners  in  the  course  of  being 
taken  up  and  potted,  and  what  with  the  lateness  of 
the  time,  and  the  small  size  of  the  runners,  the  prospects 
of  their  yielding  a  crop  did  not  look  very  bright  ;  yet 
it  is  hardly  possible  that  anything  could  have  done 
better  than  these  little  plants.     The  most  remarkable 


thing  about  them  was,  that,  alihough  not  showing 
more  possibly  than  two-thirds  the  number  of  fruit  that 
big  plants  will  produce,  there  was  a  much  larger 
quantity  of  large  ones  ihan  usualty  seen,  which  isju.t 
what  the  market  growers  require,  as  small  fruit  make 
little  money,  and  with  a  stock  of  such  magnitude  as 
grown  here,  thinning  is  out  of  ihe  question.  The 
three  spans  mentioned  were  last  year  planted  wiih 
Gros  Colmar  Vines,  which,  as  often  occurs  under  Mr. 
Ladds'  course  of  cultivation,  did  not  make  much 
headway  the  first  season  on  account  of  some  oiher 
crop  having  to  be  considered  before  them.  Last  year 
the  whole  space  was  covered  with  Tomatos,  the 
treatment  required  by  which,  in  the  matter  cf  com- 
paratively lillle  root  moisture,  interfered  much  with 
the  growth  of  the  Vines,  Thii  )ear  they  will  be 
encouraged  to  make  all  the  growth  possill;.  Six 
more  houses,  each  300  feet  long  and  several  100  feet, 
were  being  built,  which  fill  up  all  the  available  space 
here. 

At  Swanley,  in  the  ten  houses,  each  200  feet  long 
by  17  feet  wide,  planted  two  years  last  spring  with 
Black  Hamburgh-,  each  Vine  has  two  rods.  Last 
year  they  were  allowed  to  carry  six  or  seven  branches 
to  a  rod,  this  year  they  have  twenty  to  each  rod, 
forty  to  a  Vine  ;  they  will  average  about  a 
pound  each  ;  they  were  just  about  stoning.  If 
these  Grapes  colour,  Grape-growers  will  begin  to 
ask  what  weight  of  fruit  Vines  can  be  made  to  carry 
before  they  are  overcropped.  Mr.  Ladds  has  no 
misgivings  on  the  subject,  though  no  one  knows 
better  than  he  does  that  if  the  crop  is  deficient  in 
this  respect,  coming  in  at  the  time  that  ihese  will, 
their  value  will  be  much  reduced.  The  strength  of 
the  Vines  is  such  as  leaves  no  indication  Ihit  the  fruit 
they  bore  last  year  had  any  adverse  influence  on 
them,  and  the  shoots  they  have  made  this  year  are  as 
strong  as  could  be  wished  for.  Nothing  short  of  the 
extraordinary  extent  to  which  they  are  fed  could 
sustain  young  Vines  when  cropped  in  this  way.  Two 
houses  of  Alicante,  and  three  of  Gros  Colmar,  planted 
at  the  same  time,  were  carrying  similar  crops.  In 
five  houses  planted  wiih  Muscats  late  last  year,  the 
Vines  are  going  on  well.  Five  others,  planted  at  the 
same  time  last  summer  with  Gros  Colmar,  are  in  a 
like  condition.  In  the  big  house  here,  6S0  ftet  long, 
containing  Gros  Colmar,  each  Vine  having  two  rods, 
Ihe  rods  confined  to  two  bunches  each,  the  Vines  are 
in  grand  condition,  and  look  as  if  ihey  would  gain 
strength  enough  to  bear  their  full  length  next  year. 

In  addition  to  the  pot  Strawberries  grown  hire  and 
at  Dartford  Heath  many  houses  were  filled  with 
plants  taken  up  from  the  open  ground  about  the 
beginning  of  March  and  planted  in  rows.  Quantities 
of  fruit  have  been  produced  by  these,  the  average  of 
the  crop  being  something  like  two-thirds  that  which 
the  pot  plants  have  yielded. 

As  will  be  easily  understood,  the  Grape  thinning  is 
no  small  matter,  and  involves  an  immense  amount 
of  labour  that  brooks  no  delay.  The  work  is  got  at 
as  soon  as  the  Vines  are  fiirly  out  of  bloom. 
Women  alone  are  now  engaged  in  the  operation  at  Mr. 
Ladds'  place  ;  for  a  considerable  time  over  fifty  were 
so  employed.  For  such  pjrtion  of  the  Vines  as  can- 
not be  reached  standing  on  the  floor  of  the  houses 
movable  stages  are  used  consisting  of  four  upright 
pieces  of  timber  wiih  movable  platforms  that  can  be 
raised  or  lowered  as  required  These  are  each  large 
enou,;h  to  accommodate  two  women  who  can  sit  or 
kneel  at  their  work  as  they  feet  inclined,  in  this  way 
doing  it  with  much  more  comfort  than  when  standing  in 
the  usual  manner.  Not  only  is  Grape  thinning  b:ing 
now  done  by  women,  but  they  are  al,o  employed  in 
flower-gathering,  packing,  and  other  light  work. 

Turning  to  plants,  ten  200  feet  long  houses  at 
Swanley  were  planted  with  Mare-hal  Niel  Roses,  and, 
so  far  as  the  size  of  the  plants  would  admit,  have  this 
spring  borne  a  good  crop  of  flowers.  Tea  similar 
houses  contain  Gloire  de  Djsn. 

Winter-flowering  Heaths  are  being  grown  in  quan- 
tity, as  well  as  Genistas,  of  which  about  20,000  are 
coming  on. 

Carnation  Gloire  de  Nancy,  the  favourite  perpetual 
flowering  white  variety,  is  represented  by  immense 
numbers. 

Twenty  thousand  Manetti  stocks  in  pots,  plunged 
out-of-doors,  were  in  course  of  being  budded,  mostly 
with  Niphetos,  the  buds  to  remain  dormant  ;  two 
buds  are  put  in  each  just  above  the  collar  on  opposite 
sides  of  the  stem. 

In  the  plant  department  at  Bexley  Heath  the 
centre  bed  of  one  of  the  wide  300  feet  long  houses 


JL'LY   17,    1SS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


75 


was  occupied  by  African  Tuberoses  as  thick  as  the 
plants  could  stand,  pre5enling  a  si^jht  of  these  swee"- 
scented  flowers  such  as  I  hive  not  belore  seen  any- 
thing to  approach  ;  many  of  the  bulbi  had  from  three 
lo  four  spikes  each  ;  soin^  that  I  c  )un'ed  had  as  many 
as  sixty  flo^vers  on  the  spikes  springing  from  a  single 
bulb.  Three  dozen  Hirers  to  a  bulb  would  be  a 
moderate  estimate  of  the  crop. 

The  principal  Girdenia-house,  a  double  spin,  300 
feet  long  by  35  wide,  contains  a  splemiiJ  lot  of  plants, 
all  in  pats,  dense  and  bushy.  Planting  out  was  tiiid 
for  some  years  ;  poti  are  preferred.  In  another  house 
occupied  by  smiller  stock  of  ihase  plants  there  are 
numbers  of  examples  in  4S  siz:d  pots,  bearing  as 
many  as  a  dozen  buds  and  flowers  each.  Here,  as 
by  most  of  the  other  market  growers,  Ge^-cfal  Jac- 
queminot is  the  principal  high-coloured  Rose 
Ihat  is  forced.  The  plants  are  grown  on  so  as 
to  get  stout  and  strong  before  they  are  u^ed.  In  the 
spring,  after  the  cron  of  flo*ers  \i  gathered  the  plants 
are  turned  out-of-doors,  and  headed  right  down  close 
to  the  bottom.  Being  fall  of  vigorous  roots  they 
break  strongly;  about  four  shoots  are  retained  t5 
each  plant,  which,  with  attention  and  liberal  treat- 
ment, get  strong  before  the  end  of  ihe  season.  Instead 
of  making  away  with  the  old  stock  of  Niphetos,  and 
other  Tea  varieties  that  have  been  forced  for  a  series 
of  years,  they  are  now  headed  down  to  within  some 
9  or  10  inches  of  the  collar,  and  the  stoch  plunged 
out'Of-door?.  Plants  (hit  have  been  so  treated  were 
pushing  up  shoots  as  thick  as  one's  linger. 

Hydrangea  panicuhta  grandiflora  is  grown  in 
immense  quantities ;  there  is  no  hirdy  forced  plant 
that  is  a  greater  favourite  in  the  market  than  this. 
T,  B. 


CH  ICK- HOUSES. 

In  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  August  15,  18S5, 
p.  219,  a  correspondent,  writing  under  the  name  of 
Bhundari,  Duslypore,  says,  "  I  must  take  exception 
to  an  assertion  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  June  20, 
in  which  the  writer  of  the  notes  claims  lo  be  the 
originator  of  the  chick-house,  a,nd  must  protest 
against  the  claim.  'Chick-houses'  better  known  as 
'Betel-houses,'  have  been  used  for  ages  in  India  for 
the  cultivation  of  the  Pan-leaf."  While  thanking  the 
writer  for  his  information,  Iwould  refer  him  to  p.  734. 
of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  June  7,  1SS4.  I 
think  I  wrote  plainly  enough  there  for  anybody. 
This  is  what  I  said  :  — "  In  1871  I  went  to  the  Royal 
Botanic  Garden,  near  Calcutta.  I  saw  there  that  the 
then  Curator,  Mr.  Scott,  had  been  successful  in  grow- 
ing  Orchids  and  Ferns  under  a  grass  roof,  such 
as  is  used  by  natives  for  growing  the  Paa  Vine,  a 
species  of  Pi  par.  On  returning  to  Licknow  I  can- 
ceived  the  idea  of  trying  a  modification  of  what  I  saw 
in  Calcutta,  suited  to  a  climate  where  a  hot  dry  wind 
usually  raged  between  March  15  and  June  15— some- 
times even  later.  In  the  horticultural  garden  I  erec:ed 
a  house  covered  on  all  sides  and  top  with  'chicks* 
of  reeds,  called  'Senlha,'  that  is,  the  dry  stems  of 
the  Saccharum  moonja.  A  'chick'  is  a  blind  made 
either  of  these  reeds  or  of  strips  of  Bambo3,  more  or 
less  thin,  and  filled  to  doors  and  windo-vs  of  Indian 
bungalows,"  &c:. 

Could  any  one  have  shown  mare  plainly  how  the 
idej  of  a  chick-house  grew  out  of  the  idea  of  the  Pan 
Vine-house,  partially  adapted  to  the  Calcutta  climate 
(whether  by  Dr.  Anderson  or  his  assistant,  Mr.  Scott, 
matters  little),  and  then  finally  moditied  to  suit  a 
climate  totally  ditT^reot  Irom  that  of  Calcutta  ? 

The  correspondent  from  Duslypore  further  slates 
that  had  "  those  assertions  been  published  in  India 
they  would  barely  pass  unchallenged."  Now,  how 
does  he  think  that  the  success  of  the  Lucknow  chick- 
bouse  got  abroad,  so  that  one  can  hardly  go  any- 
where without  seeing  a  chick-house?  I  will  inform 
him.  My  usual  annual  report,  in  which  the  success 
of  the  chick-house  was  mentioned,  wa^  published 
in  the  Oudh  Government  Gazelle  of  the  period, 
which  was  distribated  to  all  uffi-ials  in  India. 
Whether  the  modified  idea  was  reflected  back  to  the 
Calcutta  Botanic  Garden,  whence  its  original  came, 
or  not,  I  do  not  knovv  ;  but  this  I  know,  the  present 
palatial  plant-house  in  the  Royal  B  jtanic  Garden  at 
Seebpore  was  erected  after  the  success  of  the  Lucknow 
chick-house  wis  published,  and  during  the  tenure  of 
the  present  director.  Dr.  King.  It  is  made  of  iron 
supports,  covered  with  wire  netting,  to  which  are  tied 
the  leaves  of  a  long  grass,  chick-fabhion. 
The  corespondent  from  Duslypore  raiher  objects  to 


chick-house,  and  would  prefer  "Betel-bouse."  To 
call  a  house  made  solely  of  chicks  a  "  chick-house  " 
is  as  liUle  absurd  as  to  call  a  house  made  of  glass  a 
glasshouse.  To  call  a  house  which  has  no  Betel  in  it 
a  "Betel-house"  would  be  as  if  a  glasshouse,  in 
which  Orchids  are  grown,  were  called  a  Tomato- 
house  because  on  some  former  occasion  Tomatos  may 
have  been  grown  there.  The  chick-house  goes  by 
that  name  all  over  the  North-west  Provinces  and 
Oudh. 

As  I  originated  the  chick-house  (not  the  Betel- 
house),  I  did  not  see  why  I  should  say  that  some  one 
else  did  it.  I  gave  the  history  of  the  growth  of  the 
idea  both  chronologically  and  morphologically,  and  I 
think  that  was  enough.   E.  Conavia^  M.D. 


mi\^i  iJotfs  and  gleanings. 


ANGR.ECUM    SESQUIPEDALE. 

At  Rosefie'd,  Sevenoak",  this  Orchid  has  been 
grown  successfully  four  years  in  a  Caltleya-hcuse» 
nor  is  this  the  first  time  that  I  have  seen  and 
heard  of  it  growing  well  in  the  temperature  of  a 
Catileya-house  ;  in  fact,  this  remarkable  Orchid  is  not 
at  all  difficult  to  grow  if  it  be  kept  free  from  Ihrips, 
which  prove  lo  be  a  very  troublesome  pest  when  onci 
allowed  to  get  into  the  centre  of  the  plants,  and  dilil- 
cult  to  dislodge.  The  plints  require  plenty  of  water 
when  nuking  their  growth,  but  much  less  when  at 
rest  in  winter.  In  the  same  house  the  Japanese  A. 
falcatum  was  in  (lower,  and  in  good  health.  The 
flowers  of  this  species,  which  are  very  small,  and  of 
the  purest  white,  are  produced  in  a  cooler  tempera- 
lure  than  those  of  any  of  the  others.  The  end  of 
June  or  in  July  is  the  proper  season  for  flowering. 

la  the  cool  house  Mr.  Cooke  has  made  a  good  hit 
with  Disa  grandiflora  ;  he  has  placed  it  near  Ihe  glass 
at  the  end  of  the  house,  where  the  draught  of  the 
wind  from  the  opening  of  the  door  would  frequently 
reach  the  plants.  They  receive  a  plentiful  supply  of 
water  at  the  roots.  J.  D, 

DE.NDROBiU.\I    DeAREI. 

The  more  one  has  an  opportunity  of  seeing  this 
new  species,  more  especially  when  the  variety  is  good, 
and  the  spike  one  of  good  length,  the  more  it  seems 
to  me  we  shall  admire  it.  On  an  exhibition  stage 
a  large  pUnt  has  somewhat  of  a  reedy  look,  the 
long  bulb  being  rather  against  its  effectiveness,  but 
in  the  Orchid-house,  where  we  can  get  near  to  it  and 
admire  the  (lowers  whilst  overlooking  the  growth 
its  purity  and  freshness,  and  its  long-lasting  qualities 
combine  in  my  opinion  to  make  this  one  of  the  m^it 
interesting  and  useful  Dendrobiums  of  recent  intro- 
duction. I  enclose  a  flower  cut  from  a  plant  now 
flowering  with  us  which  is  just  3  inches  across.  Ttie 
variety  sent  is  much  the  best  we  have  of  several  now 
in  flower,  though  all  are  very  pretty. 

CCELOGVNE  PANDUKATA. 

This  curious  Orchid  does  very  well  with  u;  here,  as 
you  will  see  by  the  spike  I  enclose.  We  have  a 
large  specimen  with  seven  spike?,  bearing  ten,  eleven, 
and  twelve  flowers.  Whilst  lacking  in  the  gorgeous- 
ness  of  many  other  plants,  it  ceitiinly  has  a  peculiar 
beauty  of  its  own.  The  long  drooping  flower-spikes, 
bearing  pale  green  flowers  3  to  4  inches  across,  wi;h 
a  lip  of  the  same  colour,  strangely  marked  with  black 
lines  on  the  upper  part,  spotted  with  black  on  tiie 
centre  crest,  and  a  large  black  blotch  on  the  front  or 
lower  part  of  the  lip,  are  certainly  markings  not  to  be 
found  on  any  other  species  in  the  manner  we  hav^ 
them  here.  The  lengthened  lip  adds  also  to  its 
distinctness. 

Cattleva  Gasicelliana,  variety. 
This  very  distinct  and  biautiful  form  Is  at  present 
flowering  very  nicely  with  us  here.  The  plant  was 
imported  about  two  years  ago  and  is  now  in  bloom 
for  the  first  tnne.  As  you  will  nodce,  it  is  very  per- 
fect in  outline.  On  the  plant  the  flowers  stand  up  very 
erect,  and  have  no  inclination  to  fall  over  as  is  often 
the  case  with  this  species.  The  flowet  is  7J  Inches 
across.  Sepals  and  petals  light  mauve,  lip  of  the 
same  colour,  with  beautifully  crisped  edges.  The  throst 
is  of  a  lemon-yellow,  whilst  a  band  of  clear  white 
separates  the  mauve  colour  of  the  lip  from  the  open 
throat.    As  a  variety  we  have  never  seen  anything 


like  it,  and,  needless  to  say,  we  think  very  highly  of  if. 
W,  Swan,  Howick  House,  Preston. 

Cattleya  labiata  var.  Mossi.r.,  Limll. 
Mr.  Vanner,  of  Chlslehurst,  has  been  so  kind  as  to 
send  me  a  fine  flower  of  Cattleya  TrianK  with  side- 
sepals  bearing  each  an  orange-coloured  central-stripe. 
Mr.  W.  Swan  has  just  flowered  at  Mr.  E.  Wiigley's, 
Howick  House,  Preston,  Lancashire,  such  a  Cattleya 
Mossia;  from  a  recently  imported  plant,  and  the 
just-namid  gentleman  favoured  me  kindly  with  the 
fiae  flower.  It  has  a  most  remarkable  character, 
as  on  one  side  near  the  orange  streak  there  are  a  few 
of  those  broken  mauve  lines  which  are  characterls- 
tical  of  the  MossIk  lip  ;  hence  the  flower  has  the 
tendency  to  form  three  lips  in  the  way  I  ventured  to 
call  ttilabellla  diccycia,  the  three  lips  belonging  to  the 
dlffiirent  whorls  of  the  flower.  This  explained  at 
once  to  my  great  satisfaction  Mr,  Vanner's  fine 
Trians  flowers,  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Aganisia  tricolor. 
A  singular  and  beautiful  species  with  creeping 
annulate  rhizome,  elongate-ovoid  pseudobulbs,  each 
bearing  a  single  oblanceolate  leaf.  The  flowers  are 
borne  in  loose  racemes,  each  flower  about  2  inches 
across,  flattlsh,  with  obovate-acute  whitish  segments 
tipped  with  yellow  ;  petals  of  similar  size  and  form, 
but  bluish  in  colour;  lip  with  a  prominent  orange 
callus  near  the  base,  disc  saddle-shaped,  purplish- 
brown.  This,  according  to  the  figure  and  descrip- 
tion given  by  Mr.  N.  E.  lirown,  is  a  very  beautiful 
novelty  to  which  the  attention  of  collectors  should  be 
directed.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Amazjn  district,  and 
is  figured  In  the  last  number  of  LiiiJenia,  t.  45. 


TABERN/EMONTANA  CORONA- 
RIA  AND  OTHER  SPECIES. 
This  plant,  greatly  resenabling  the  Gardenia,  is 
very  ornamental  in  appearance,  and  from  a  like  resem- 
blance Is  often  called  Cape  Jasmine.  It  is  well 
deserving  a  place  in  every  collec;ion  of  plants, 
and  If  a  small  house  or  pit  can  be  devoted  to  the 
plants  so  much  the  better,  as  they  will  then  repay  the 
cultivator  for  his  pains.  Their  pure  white  flowers 
and  delicate  sweetness  render  them  especially  adapted 
for  bouquets  and  buttonholes  and  other  uses.  There 
can  be  no  objection  to  their  use  in  large  quantities, 
as  the  scent  is  very  delicate.  The  plants  can  also  be 
used  when  in  full  bloom  for  house  decoration,  stand- 
ing the  exposure  and  dry  air  of  the  dwelling  very 
well.  They  also  make  good  subjects  for  exhibition 
purposes.  If  only  wanted  for  cut  bloom;  they  should, 
if  possible,  be  planted  out  In  pits  or  In  beds  In  the 
stove,  where  a  hi^h  temperature;  Is  kept  up  ;  if  treited 
in  this  way  the  plants  will  fljwer  for  nine  months  in 
thj  year.  A  compost  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  loam 
and  piat  in  equal  parts,  with  a  liberal  addition  of 
silver-sand  and  a  little  well  decomposed  manure,  suits 
them.  Bjttomheit  Is  not  essential  to  their  good 
culture,  and  I  have  found  that  the  blooms  will  last 
longer,  and  there  will  be  a  more  continuous  supply  of 
them,  without  it. 

A  little  m)re  atmospheric  heat  is  required  when  the 
plants  are  making  their  growth  ;  when  the  growth  is 
completed  a  cooler  temperature  may  be  given,  apply- 
ing more  heat  when  they  are  wanted  to  flower. 
After  blooming  they  should  be  pruned  in  slightly, 
and  be  potted  on  starting.  Propagate  by  cutting  off 
half-ripened  wood,  which  roots  freely  If  plunged  in 
bottom-heat  under  a  bell-glass.  The  double  variety, 
Tdberna^montana  coronaria  flore-pleno.  Is  far  the  best  ; 
T.  cymosa  is  also  good,  and  well  deserves  to  have 
mjre  attention  paid  to  It.  T.  grandiflora  is  somewhat 
rare  In  collections,  and  produces  Its  flowers  in  August 
and  September,  and  the  season  of  flowering  may  be 
prolonged  until  the  other  varieties  come  in  for  the 
winter  supply.   A.  Evans,  Hashmcre. 


Laxton's  "Noble"  Strawberry. — This  variety 
precedes  Excelsior  by  from  seven  to  ten  days.  The 
plant  is  a  vigorous  grower  and  fertile ;  fruits 
large,  of  a  deep  crimson  colour.  In  appearance 
like  Keens*  Seedling.  The  flavour  has  a  slight 
acidity,  reminding  one  of  Eiton  Pine,  and  this 
season  it  is  poor  in  flavour,  possibly  from  the  de- 
ficiency of  sunshine,  It  is  a  seedling  from  Forman'4 
ExceUIor, 


76 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(July  17,  1886. 


ORANGE  FUNGUS  OF  ROSES: 

COLEOSPORIUM   PINGUE,   L^V. 

Under  the  name  of  Coleosporium  pingue,  the 
"orange  fungus"  or  "red  rust*'  of  gardeners  has 
been  familiarly  Icnown  to  botanists  for  at  least  twenty- 
eight  years.  Before  that  time  it  was  called  Uredo 
rosae,  U.  pinguis,  U.  effusa,  and  no  doubt  other 
names.  In  different  stages  of  growth  the  fungus 
differs,  in  colour,  from  pale  sulphury-yellow,  through 
vermilion  to  black,  and  in  each  of  these  stages  it  has 
received  different  names,  the  names  (for  variety)  being 
at  times  interchanged.  During  late  years,  with  the 
progress,  or  supposed  progress,  of  discovery,  other 
names  have  been  given  to  the  "orange  fungus"  of 
Roses,  and  to  make  "  confusion  worse  confounded  " 
the  old  name  of  Coleosporium  pingue  has  of 
late  been  obliterated  and  left  out  of  text-books, 
even  as  a  synonym.  It  is  not  even  indexed  by 
Dr.  Winter  in  Rabenhorst's  Kryptogainenflora^ 
"Orange  fungus"  has  long  been  known  in  this 
country  as  one  condition  of  a  fungus  named  Fhrag- 
midium  mucronatum  or  Aregma  mucronatum,  but  if 
the  index  of  Dr.  Winter's  volume  is  referred  to, 
neither  of  these  names  will  be  found.  The  followers  of 
Dr.  Winter  in  this  country  of  course  imitate  their 
chief,  so  that  to  all  but  advanced  botanists  "orange 
fungus  "  has  no  botanical  name  at  all,  and  cannot  be 
found  under  old  and  familiar  Latin  names  in  the 
more  advanced  books.  When  gardeners  write  of 
Vine  mildew  they  call  it  the  Oidium,  when  of 
the  Potato  fungus,  the  Peronospora,  but  when  they 
write  of  "orange  fungus  "  they  simply  call  it  "orange 
fuQgus,"  because  they  dare  not  venture  on  a  botanical 
name.  One  cannot  be  surprised  at  gardeners  turning 
away  with  disgust  from  the  wordy  verbiage  of  modern 
text-books.  The  newer  mycological  priests  are  so 
intent  on  the  utter  destruction  of  the  older  beliefs  that 
they  will  not  even  print  the  familiar  old  names  as 
synonyms  as  slight  indications  of  what  former  priests 
taught  us  but  a  very  few  years  ago  ! 

"  Orange  fungus "  of  Roses  has  been  especially 
unfortunate  in  the  treatment  it  has  received  from 
botanists,  not  only  in  the  different  names  it  has 
received  and  the  total  obliteration  of  its  most  familiar 
names,  but  especially  in  the  definition  of  its  cha- 
racters. The  characters  of  the  different  stages  of 
growth  of  this  fungus  have  been  so  altered, 
"emended"  and  "cooked,"  that  it  is  quite  safe  to 
say  the  fungus  has  almost  every  character  of  which  a 
fungus  is  capable  of  gracelully  bearing.  It  has  as 
many  and  as  few  characters  as  names,  and  advanced 
teachers  are  always  cutting  off  or  squeezing  in  new 
characters  to  make  it  fit  into  some  pet  theory.  The 
theory  is  never  modified  to  suit  the  fungus,  this  would 
show  fallibility  on  the  part  of  the  teachers ;  poor 
feeble  Nature  is  clipped,  and  squeezed,  and  added 
to  and  inflated,  as  the  case  may  be,  so  that  a 
wretched  fungus  may  be  driven  by  hook  or  by  crook 
into  one  of  the  labyrinths  of  a  cut  and  dried  theory. 
Mr.  Berkeley,  in  writing  of  all  the  British  species  of 
the  genus  Coleosporium,  says,  "we  cannot  find  dis- 
tinctive characters." 

I  will  endeavour  to  explain  in  words  as  simple  as 
possible  the  nature  of  "  orange-fungus."  It  exists  in 
three  forms,  which  gradually  run  into  each  other  on 
the  leaves  and  stems  of  Roses,  and  these  forms 
gradually  vary  in  colour  according  to  the  season  of 
the  year.  It  is  very  seldom  that  all  three  forms  are 
found  on  one  Rose  bush  or  on  one  Rose  leaf,  but  on 
rare  occasions  all  three  conditions  may  be  found  grow- 
ing together,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  15. 

In  its  first  stage  of  growth  the  fungus  is  sulphury 
or  creamy-yellow.  In  this  condition,  as  at  A,  fig.  15, 
it  has  long  been  known  as  Lecythea  rosae  ;  in  Us  mid- 
summer stage  it  is  brilliant  cinnabar-red,  or  vermilion, 
in  colour,  as  at  B  ;  this  is  the  familiar  Coleosporium 
pingue,  or  "  orange  fungus  "  stage.  At  length  it  is  jet 
black,  as  at  C,  and  this  is  the  old  and  equally  familiar 
Phragmidium  or  Aregma  mucronatum  condition. 

I  quite  agree  with  the  majority  of  observers  who 
conclude  that  the  three  forms  belong  to  one  fungus, 
although  some  botanists  think,  or  once  thought, 
differenily  ;  for  iustance,  Le  Maout  and  Decaisne  say 
the  third  form  is  a  "parasite"  on  the  second,  and 
that  a  similar  parasitism  is  of  "  frequent  occurrence." 
If  the  sulphur-coloured  Lecythea  is  taken  first,  and 
a  fragment  of  a  pustle  enlarged  in  section  under  the 
microscope  400  diameters,  it  will  be  seen  as  in  fig. 
16.  The  spores  are  at  first  smooth,  then  almost 
invisibly  spinulose,  they  are  nearly  colourless,  and 
are    filled  with   irregular    masses   of  protoplasm,    as 


shown  at  D  ;  round  the  entire  margin  of  each  pustule 
is  a  fringe  of  elongated  bodies,  shown  at  E,  termed 
paraphyses — these  paraphyses  are  probably  abortive 
attempts  of  Nature  at  the  production  of  the  stalked 
spores. 

The  teachers  who  obliterale  the  old  landmarks  and 
suppress  names  wish  it  to  be  believed  that  the  three 
stages  of  growth  in  "  orange  fungus "  agree  with 
/^cidium,  Uredo,  and  Puccinia  ;  the  teachers  are  in 
this  case  at  their  wits'  end  for  an  /£cidium,  so  the 
Lecythea  stage  is  squeezed  in  as  a  gingerbread  ^ci- 
dium   condition.     To   an   outsider   it   is   remarkably 


unlike  an  ^cidium,  and  is  as  remarkably  like 
an  immature  Uredo  (it  is  described  under  Uredo 
in  some  books)  ;  the  paraphyses,  E,  too,  are  like  Puc- 
cinia, and  unlike  /E;idium  j  but  we  are  coolly  told 
that  in  the  instance  before  us  the  presumed  ^-Ecidium 
and  Uredo  stages  are  "  not  to  be  easily  distinguished." 
The  eye  of  faith  is  required.  A  large  amount  of  faith 
is  requisite  in  the  proselyte  who  accepts  the  sulphur- 
coloured  condition  of  "orange  fungus"  as  a  poor 
relation  of  the  /Ecidium  of  Barberry-blight.  To  me 
it  is  no  i^cidium  but  a  mere  early  condition  of  the 
next  01  Uredo  stage  of  growth — the  suppressed  Coleo- 


■     " ORANGE     FUMCUS  ' 
ENLAKGBD   4OO   DIAM. 


sporium  stage.  The  name  of  the  first  condition— 
Lecythea  rosea — has  of  course  been  suppressed. 

Sometimes  Lecythea  is  accompanied  by  so-called 
spermogonia  and  spermatia  ;  the  names  are  meant  to 
indicate  a  sexual  function  j  if  sexual,  the  result  must 
be  a  resting-spore  condition  ;  but  Lecythea  spores  are 
not  resting-spores  ;  the  resting-spores  are  produced  in 
the  last,  or  black  stage  of  the  fungus. 

A  section  through  a  fragment  of  the  Coleosporium 
or  "  orange  fungus  "  condition  is  shown  enlarged  400 
diameters  in  fig.  17.  Here  the  spores  have  become 
much  deeper  in  colour,  the  wall  of  the  spore  is  thicker 
and  somewhat  more  echinulate  than  in  Lecythea,  and 
the  protoplasm  is  coarsely  granular.  Perhaps  the 
fungus  before   us   is   not   a  "good"  Coleosporium, 


especially  when  viewed  in  the  light  of  the  fact  that 
teachers  are  always  "emending"  fungus  characters 
to  exclude  "shady"  species  that  interfere  with 
theories,  and  so  are  not  wanted  ;  and  to  bring  in 
other  "shady"  growths  that  happen  to  be  badly 
wanted,  to  give  dubious  support  to  a  theory.  As  no 
new  name  has  of  late  been  invented  for  "orange 
fungus,"  let  gardeners  stick  to  the  old  one  and  still  call 
it  Coleosporium  pingue,  although  it  is  at  the  risk  of 
some  superfine  mycologist  one  day  telling  a  learner 
that  he  cannot  "apprehend"  what  he  means,  and 
that  the  name  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  indexes,  even 
as  a  synonym. 

We  now  come  to  the  black  or  Phragmidium  mucro- 
natum stage,  as  shown,  enlarged  40Q  diameters,  in 
fig.  18.  P.  mucronatum  has  also  now  been  profes- 
sionally wiped  out,  and  a  new  name  substituted  in 
P.  subcorticatum  ;  rightly  or  wrongly  I  know  not, 
and  do  not  care  —  life  is  too  short  for  one  to  be 
always  hunting  down  fungus  names ;  it  is  suf. 
ficient  to  say  that  the  old  P.  mucronatum  (like  the 
Coleosporium)  does  not  now  even  exist  as  a  synonym. 
The  name  has  been  stamped  clean  out  of  existence 
by  a  school  of  youthful  and  over  zealous  teachers,  so 
that  no  trace  can  be  discovered  unless  fragments  are 
carefully  and  laboriously  sought  for  and  put  together 
for  printing  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  All  gar- 
deners who  look  at  the  three  handsome  compound 
spores,  taken  from  a  fragment  of  a  black  Phrag- 
midium pustule,  will,  I  think,  agree  that  they  are 
very  handsome,  well  grown  fellows.  It  almost 
seems  a  pity  to  advise  the  destruction  of  them  by  fire. 
An  immature  example  is  shown  at  fig.  18  F,  and  the 
peculiar  manner  in  which  the  outer  of  the  two  mem- 
branes of  the  stem  breaks  away  from  the  base,  is 
shown  at  G. 

The  Phragmidium  is  essentially  the  resting-spore 
condition  of  the  fuigu;,  and  it  is  by  the  black 
Phragmidium,  which  rests  in  decaying  Rose  leaves 
and  stems  all  through  the  winter,  that  the  Lecythea 
and  Coleosporium  stages  are  reproduced  each  summer. 
The  Coleosporium  is  the  genuine  "red  rust" 
fungus  which  potentially  agrees  with  the  "  red  rust  "  or 
Uredo  of  corn.  It  produces  a  vast  number  of  bright 
red  spores,  which  constantly  reproduce  the  Coleo- 
sporium, but  the  "  orange  fungus"  or  "red  rust" 
would  utterly  perish  each  year  were  it  not  for  the 
black  resting  spores  of  the  Phragmidium,  every  seg- 
ment of  which  will  after  a  six  months'  rest  germinate 
and  produce  sporidia,  which  sporidia  give  rise  to  the 
sulphur  Lecythea  and  orange  Coleosporium  of  early 
summer.  It  follows,  therefore,  that  when  Roses  are 
badly  affected  with  "  orange  fungus,"  as  they  are  this 
year,  that  the  spring  (as  the  wet  spring  we  have 
passed  through)  was  favourable  for  the  germination  of 
the  black  Phragmidium  spores  which  were  produced 
on  Roses  last  year.  These  Phragmidium  spores 
rested  till  the  advent  of  the  abundant  warm  showers 
of  the  spring,  when  they  germinated,  and  by  their 
sporidia  gave  rise  to  "orange  fungus." 

Red-rust  should  be  looked  for  each  year 
in  its  inconspicuous  sulphury  stage,  and  failing 
this,  at  the  first  appearance  of  the  oiange  stage. 
If  all  the  "orange  fungus"  could  be  destroyed  no 
black  Phragmidium  resting-spores  would  be  produced. 
If  the  Phragmidium  could  be  utterly  destroyed  any 
one  autumn,  no  Lecythea  or  Coleosporium  could 
appeal  in  the  summer.  Mr.  Berkeley,  in  writing 
of  "orange  fungus,"  has  said:  —  "It  is  so  very 
common  that  the  affection  is  quite  beyond  any 
remedy.  Every  hedge  will  diffuse  the  fungus  if  you 
could  for  a  moment  drive  it  out  of  the  garden."  Mr. 
G.  Baker,  Vice-President  of  the  National  Rose 
Society,  says,  in  the  Rosarians  Year-book  for  1882, 
that  "orange  fungus"  chiefly  attacks  the  "lower 
leaves  of  the  smooth-wooded  class  of  Rose  plants, 
such  as  Victor  Verdier,  Comtesse  d'Oxford,  Hip- 
polyte  Jamain,  and  the  like ;  but  it  is  worthy 
of  remark  that  neither  Madame  Clemence  Joigneaux, 
William  Warden,  or  Edward  Morren,  and  those 
of  the  same  character  of  foliage,  &c.,  are 
seldom  subject  to  these  forms  of  fungoid  disease." 
If  gardeners  would  send  the  names  of  a  few  Rosea 
that  appear  to  be  generally  or  always  free  from 
"  orange  fungus,"  the  list  might  lead  to  good  results 
and  further  useful  observation.  Mr.  Baker  publishes 
a  good  suggestion  for  the  prevention  of  the  annual 
reappearance  of  this  pest  in  gardens.  He  says, 
"This  can  be  attempted  by  raking  off  all  loose 
materials  and  as  much  of  the  soil  as  possible,  and 
burning  them.  At  the  same  time,"  he  says,  "give 
the  ground  a  good  dressing  of  quicklime.     The  burnt 


July  17,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


77 


soil  and  other  matters  can  be  returned  to  the  Roses, 
greatly  improved  by  the  change  they  have  undergone, " 
The  raking  and  burning,  and  the  application  of  quick- 
lime, necessarily  destroys  the  restlng-spores  of  the 
Phragmidium.  Mr.  Baker  says,  "At  pruning  time 
carefully  collect  everything  cut  from  the  plants 
and  destroy  it  ;  then  give  the  plants — stems  and 
branches,  stakes  and  ties,  if  any— a  good  coat- 
ing of  the  following  mixture,  applied  with  a 
suitable  brush  :  —  Quicklime  and  soot,  mixed  to 
the  consistency  of  paint,  in  a  pailful  of  which  add 
half  a  pound  of  sublimated  sulphur,  and  a  small 
handful  of  coarse  salt ;  stir  and  mix  well  together 
before  applying.  The  object  being  to  destroy  the 
resling-spores  of  this  troublesome  fungus.  I  have 
tried  washes  of  all  kinds,  carefully  syringing  and 
brushing  over  the  leaves  with  various  compounds, 
but  with  little  success ;  and  in  some  instances  find- 
ing the  remedies  even  more  fatal  than  the  disease,  I 
have  most  faith  in  an  infusion  of  Hellebore  root, 
4  pz.  to  half  a  gallon  of  water,  then  add  half  a  drachm 
of  the  bichloride  of  mercury  (first  dissolve  the  mercury 
in  a  little  spirit),  and  lastly,  add  half  a  gallon  of  lime- 
water.  I  have  certainly  seen  good  results  from  this 
application,  though  I  must  also  admit  it  has  some- 
times failed,"  Mr.  Baker's  plans,  therefore,  are 
reasonable  attempts  at  destroying  the  resting-spores 
on  and  in  the  ground  in  the  late  autumn  by 
raking  and  burning,  and  by  the  application  of  quick- 
lime ;  destroying  any  resting-spores  on  the  old  stems, 
branches,  and  stakes,  in  the  autumn,  by  a  corrosive 
wash  ;  and  by  an  application  of  another  wash  in 
the  summer,  which  is  supposed  to  make  the  surface 
of  the  stems  and  foliage  unsuitable  for  the  germination 
of  the  spores  in  the  "  orange  fungus  "  or  Coleosporium 
ctage.  The  washes  of  course  cannot  reach  the  interior 
of  the  stems  and  leaves  where  the  mycelium  or  spawn 
of  the  fungus  vegetates. 

It  is  essential  to  remember  that  in  every  stage  of 
growth  "orange  fungus,"  or  "red  rust,"  vegetates 
inside  the  leaves  and  stems  of  the  Rose,  when  it  is 
well  advanced  in  growth  inside  it  bursts  the  mem- 
branes of  the  Rose  and  litters  its  spores  outside.  The 
"red  rust  "  spores  germinate  quickly  and  spread  the 
mischief  at  once,  whilst  the  black  spores  produced  in 
late  autumn  rest  in  the  dead  refuse  of  Rose  bushes, 
on  or  in  the  ground,  and  germinate  in  the  spring  after 
six  months'  rest. 

The  effects  of  "orange  fungus "  are  well  known. 
When  the  pest  attacks  the  plants  very  early  in  the 
summer,  as  in  the  present  year,  the  leaves  drop  and 
the  branches  become  naked  and  disfigured.  The 
wood  does  not  ripen,  and  so  being  in  a  bad  state  it 
dies  in  the  winter,  and  the  bushes  consequently  get 
into  a  weak  and  unsatisfactory  state,  or  sometimes 
die  in  the  next  spring. 

"  Red  rust  "  is  not  confined  to  garden  Roses,  it  may 
be  found  in  its  various  stages  of  growth  on  the  Dog 
Rose,  R.  canina,  and  R,  collina.  Sweet  Brier,  R. 
rubiginosa,  the  wild  R,  arvensis  ;  R.  pimpinellifolia,  R. 
cinnamomea,  R,  turbinata,  R,  rubrifolia,  R,  alba,  R. 
tomenlosa,  R.  gallica,  R,  centifolia,  and  others, 

A  closely  allied  fungus  to  the  Coleosporium  and 
Phragmidium  before  us  is  a  parasite  extremely 
common  on  Brambles ;  this  is  Phragmidium  bul- 
bosum.  Every  boy  or  girl  who  has  gathered  Black- 
berries in  the  autumn,  must  have  observed  the 
profuse  production  of  black  resting-spores  of  this 
species  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  Blackberry 
bushes.  The  familiar  old  name  of  this  fungus — vir,, 
P.  bulbosum — has  (like  all  the  others)  been  quite 
wiped  out  :  but  as  it  does  not  just  now  specially 
concern  us  what  has  been  done  with  it,  or  how  the 
old  species  has  been  transformed,  we  will  leave  it, 
merely  pointing  out  the  fact  that  the  name,  like 
every  other  name  mentioned  in  this  article,  does  not 
appear  in  the  newer  indices. 

Baron  Tiiumen  has  written  on  the  diseases  of  Roses, 
and  I  will  conclude  this  brief  paper  with  a  quotation 
from  him,  so  that  gardeners  may  take  note.  Speaking 
of  "orange  fungus"  he  says,  "  This  disease  is  of  less 
consequence  than  other  Rose  diseases.  [I]  It  is  due," 
he  says,  "to  a  fungus  named  Cseoma  miniatum 
[name  not  in  latest  published  indices],  which  rarely 
appears  on  the  leaves.  [I]  It  ff  rms  cushion-like  pro- 
jections, of  an  crange-red  colour — the  .■P.ddiuii'"\\'\ 
Other  authorities  teach  that  the  sulphury  Lecyihea  is 
the  unhappy  jlJcidium,  In  conclusion  B.ron  Thii- 
men  says  the  disease  is  usually  not  very  faial,  but 
when  fatal  it  is  better  to  burn  the  plants  !  Gardener^, 
take  notice — don't  preserve  the  dead  plants,  W,  G. 
Smith,  DunslaHe. 


Jfarfigii  Correspnkntf. 


ORANGE  CULTURE  IN   SAN    FRANCISCO, 

In  a  recent  Government  report  on  the  products  of 

San  Francisco,  it  is  stated  that  there  are  about  12,000 

acres  planted  in  Orange  trees  in  Los  Angelos  County 

now  bearing  fruit,   and   several    thousand   acres   in 


young  trees,  which  will  begin  to  bear  fruit  in  from 
two  to  five  years'  time.  In  San  Bernardino  County 
the  Orange  crop  has,  at  intervals  of  from  three  to  four 
years,  been  greatly  damaged  by  frost.  At  less  fre- 
quent intervals  the  same  trouble  has  been  experienced 
in  this  county. 

Oranges  are  being  shipped  from  Mexico  to  the 
Eastern  States.  Should  the  reciprocity  treaty  come 
into  effect,  the  consequences  will  be  very  serious  to 


,1'ORE     CONDITION    (Pl 


Orange  growers  here.  The  present  duty  is  sufficient 
to  protect  Californian  Orange  growers  from  competi- 
tion with  the  cheaply-produced  Mexican  article.  As 
the  Mexican  Oranges  are  of  better  quality  their  ad- 
mission free  of  duty  would  cripple  the  industry  here. 

The  "  white  scale  "  is  still  doing  immense  damage 
to  the  Orange  tree?.  Some  of  the  oldest  Orange 
orchards  in  the  country  are  being  topped  and  pruned 
to  such  an  extent  that  they  will  not  bear  any  fruit  for 
several  years.  In  some  cases  the  trees  are  being  cut 
down.     No  cheap  effectual  remedy  has   as  yet  been 


discovered  to  destroy  the  insect  ;  it  is  stated,  how- 
ever, that  another  insect  has  appeared  which  preys 
on  the  "white  scale,"  and  is  not  iojurious  to  the 
Orange  tree. 

Trek  Planting  in  Hong  Kong. 

It  seems  that  the  authorities  in  the  Hong  Kong 
Botanical  and  Afforestation  Department  are  planting 
trees  on  a  very  large  scale,  for  we  notice  in  the  report 
for  18S5  the  following  figures:  —  Pious  sinensis, 
342,302;  Eucalyptus  (fourteen  species),  16,408.  In 
addition  to  the  above  number  of  Pinus  sinensis  trees 
planted,  there  were  sown  in  sites  as  many  as  204  838. 
Other  trees,  which  are  not  so  well  known  to  us  here, 
were  also  planted  in  considerable  quantities. 

The  soil  is  rather  variable,  and  the  failures 
chiefly  occur  on  the  steep  slopes,  where  the  grass 
is  scanty.  Where  the  ground  is  covered  with  a 
fibrous  carpet  of  grass  roots  the  rain,  as  it  rushes 
down  the  slopes,  is  absorbed  in  sufficient  quantities  to 
saturate  the  soil  and  render  it  suitable  for  the  recep- 
tion and  subsequent  development  of  the  young  tree  ; 
but  where  the  ground  has  been  denuded  of  its  herbage 
by  the  irrepressible  grass-cutter  with  his  blunt  sickle, 
which  does  not  cut  but  uproots  the  grass,  the  young 
tree  is  sorely  handicapped  in  the  struggle  for  existence. 

The  fourteen  species  of  Eucalyptus  were  raised  in 
various  quantities.  Each  species  was  planted  in  a 
clump,  and  marked  with  a  ticket  so  as  to  identify  the 
different  kinds,  and  note  their  relative  adaptability  to 
the  soil  and  climate  of  Hong  Kong.  This  compari- 
son has  been  very  interesting,  and  will  be  valuable  in 
enabling  to  select  the  most  suitable  kinds  in  future. 
The  three  species  that  are  conspicuously  superior  to 
the  others,  and  which  may  be  considered  an  unquali- 
fied success,  are  E,  robusta,  citriodora,  and  tereti- 
cornis.  The  next  in  order  are  marginata,  platy- 
phylla,  cotymbosa,  resinifera,  and  hsemastoma.  These 
five  kinds  have  not  done  so  well  on  the  exposed  hills 
near  the  Military  Sanitarium  as  the  three  first-men- 
tioned kinds,  but  they  have  succeeded  very  well  at 
S6konp\  where  the  position  is  more  sheltered  j  and 
the  reporter  has  no  doubt  that  they  will  succeed  in 
many  of  the  unexposed  parts  of  ttie  island.  Other  four 
species,  namely,  Stuartiana,  siderophloia,  microcorys, 
and  maculata,  have  grovn  moderately  well.  The  per- 
centage of  deaths  is  small,  but  the  growth  is  slow  and 
weakly.  They  evidently  required  a  richer  soil  than 
the  aljove  mentioned  soits.  The  two  species  that 
have  been  least  successful  are  pilularis  and  heme- 
phloia.  A  large  proportion  of  boih  kinds  have  died, 
and  those  that  have  survived  have  not  a  promising 
appearance. 

It  is  also  stated  in  the  report  that  10,000  young 
Camphor  trees  were  raised  during  the  season  in 
Kowloon  nursery,  and  will  be  planted  out  as  soon  as 
the  weather  is  suitable.  Preparations  were  made  in 
the  nursery  at  Sikonf  6  for  raising  a  similar  quantity 
of  Camphors  next  summer,  but  Camphor  seeds  are 
very  scarce  this  year,  and  the  price  has  lisen  400 
per  cent.  It  has  therelore  been  decided  to  sow  the 
ground  with  Pine  seeds  instead. 

ViTis  Martinii, 
The  Superintendent  in  the  report  of  Ihe  Botanical 
and  Afi'orcstation  Department  of  Hong  Korg,  1885, 
states  that  this  "new  tuberous  rooted  Vine  from  Cochin 
China  fruited  this  year  in  Hong  Kong  for  the  first 
time.  The  seeds  were  procured  from  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  Saigon,  in  1883,  The  seedlings  were 
planted  out  the  same  summer  and  made  several  shoots, 
each  of  which  died  down  in  the  winter.  They  began 
to  make  fresh  shoots  about  the  middle  of  April,  1S84, 
and  grew  well  during  the  summer,  but  showed  no 
inclination  to  flower  ;  and  again  died  down  in  the 
winter.  Last  summer  they  started  vigorously,  and 
showed  flower  about  the  end  of  Miy,  Many  of  Ihe 
bunches,  however,  failed  to  develope  liuit,  owing 
apparently  to  imperfect  fertilisation,  but  there  was  a 
good  average  crop  of  bunches  on  the  canes  irrespect- 
ive of  the  failures.  The  (ruit  was  ripe  in  October, 
many  of  the  bunches  weighing  I  lb,  each.  The 
berries,  when  ripe,  are  jet  black,  and  rather  under 
the  average  size  of  ordinary  Grapes,  The  seeds  are 
large  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  berry.  The 
flavour  is  a  peculiar  blending  o(  sweetness  and  acidity, 
very  pleasant,  but  tending,  in  my  case,  to  leave  a 
curious  smarting  sensation  on  the  tongue;  rthers 
might  not  find  this  peculiarity  at  all  objectionable. 
The  flavour  might  be  altered,  as  is  well  known,  by 
varying  the  mode  of  cultivation,  but  the  size  of  the 
seeds  is  likely  to  prevent  the  Grape  becoming  popular 


78 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JULV   I?,    1886. 


as  a  table  fiuit  ;  it  may,  however,  he  very  well  adapted 
for  a  wine  producer,  A  number  of  seedlings 
nf  thii  Vine  were  distributed  anlon(;^t  residents  of  the 
Ccdony,  but  I  learn  that  none  of  these  plants  have 
ftuitid.  A  few  remarks  as  to  the  mode  of  cultivation 
may  therefore  be  useful.  The  tubers  should  be 
planted  at  a  distance  of  12  feet  apart  in  well  manured 
soil,  taking  care  to  keep  the  manure  near  the  surface, 
as  the  tubers  take  a  horizontal  direction  and  do  not 
penetrate  the  soil  to  any  great  depth.  When  the 
shoots  appear  in  the  spring  it  is  well  to  cut  olT  all  the 
weak  ones,  leaving  only  four  strong  canes  ;  these 
should  be  trained  along  a  trellis  or  a  wall,  as  the  case 
might  be,  leaving  a  widih  of  3  feet  betwen  the  canes. 
All  the  lateral  bunches  should  be  pruned  back  to 
within  one  bud  of  the  main  rod,  except  those  laterals 
that  show  bunches  ;  but  it  will  be  found  that  very  few 
bunches  will  be  developed  on  the  lateral  shoots,  most 
of  the  bunches  springing  directly  from  the  main  rods  ; 
but  in  the  case  of  a  bunch  springing  from  a  lateral 
branch  the  branch  should  be  stopped  at  the  second 
bud  above  the  bunch.  The  laterals  might  be  allowed 
to  grow  till  they  are  2  feet  long.  It  will  then  be 
seen  if  they  are  likely  to  throw  out  bunches  or  not. 
If  not,  prune  them  back  as  described,  and  also  pinch 
back  all  subsequent  growth  as  it  appears.  It  may 
be  found  necessary  to  thin  out  the  leaves  to  allow 
the  run  to  get  at  the  bunches,  but  in  doing 
this  great  care  should  be  taken  not  to  break  c»r 
otherwise  injure  the  leaf  directly  above  the  bunch. 
If  this  leaf  happens  to  be  accidentally  remove  1 
the  bunch  below  it  will  ripen  immaturely  and  soon 
shrivel  up.  It  is  an  advantage  to  thin  out  the 
bunches,  leaving  a  space  of  15  or  iS  inches  between 
them.  It  is  also  advantageous  to  thin  the  berries, 
leaving  hardly  one  half  of  the  original  quantity  on 
each  bunch  ;  but  I  am  afraid  this  process  would 
prove  impracticable  if  the  Vine  were  extensively 
grown,  owing  to  the  labour  it  would  entail.  After  the 
fruit  is  gathered  the  Vines  require  no  further  attention 
till  spring.  By  way  of  experiment  one  lot  of  plants 
was  allowed  to  grow  at  will.  Some  of  them  threw  up 
as  many  as  a  dozen  suckers,  and  produced  laterals  in 
profusion,  but  they  all.  failed  to  flower.  Another  lot 
was  transplanted  into  well-manured  ground  just  as 
the  crowns  began  to  push  in  the  spring  ;  they,  loo, 
failed  to  flower,  and  presented  rather  a  sickly  appear- 
ance during  the  summer. 

"The  horticultural  Press  has  already  suggested  that 
this  Vine  should  receive  the  attention  of  Vine-growers 
in  the  wine-producing  countries  of  Europe  where  the 
Phylloxera  has  denuded  the  vineyards  of  the  old  class 
of  Vines.  There  being  no  Ph)lloxerain  Hong  Kong, 
I  cannot  say  whether  the  dreaded  insect  would  spare 
this  Vine  ;  but  in  view  of  the  wonderful  improvements 
that  have  been  and  can  be  brought  about  by  skilful 
and  persistent  cultivation,  it  is  not  unreasonable  to 
surmise  that  this  new  Vine  may  ultimately  become  a 
wine  producer.  It  is  easily  cultivated,  and  seems  to 
be  well  adapted  for  a  tropical  climate,  or  a  climate  in 
which  the  resting  season  is  comparatively  cold  and 
the  growing  season  hot." 


THE  PENTSTEMON. 

I  MAY  say  in  answer  to  "  Soixante  "  that  before 
writiog  the  article  alluded  to  last  week,  I  had  added 
to  my  practical  knowledge  by  carefully  searching  the 
old  authorities  and  examining  the  coloured  plates 
published  during  the  present  century.  I  suppose  one 
ought  to  take  nothing  for  granted,  but  I  had  also 
written  some  years  ago  about  the  Penlstenion  in  Ihe 
Gardeners*  Chronicle^  and  stated  that  P.  geniianoides 
was  the  parent  of  most  of  the  garden  varieties.  My  re- 
marks arein  vol  xii.,  n.?.,  p.  589.  and  areas  follows:  — 
*'  Probably  P.  gentianoides  is  the  parent  of  most  of 
the  fine  varieties  at  present  in  cultivation,  although  it 
is  not  improbable  that  some  of  the  varieties  with 
large  broadly-opened  flowers  owe  their  most  valued 
characieristics  to  that  beauti^il  late  fiowering  species, 
P.  cobo^a." 

At  p.  754  of  vol.  XXV.  I  wrote  on  the  suppositic n 
that  P.  gentianoides  was  the  reputed  parent  of  the 
garden  varieties.  It  is  merely  a  su^i^estion  on  my 
part  that  other  species  may  have  become  intermingled 
with  them.  I  have  before  me  Mr.  Fitch's  double- 
page  plate  of  P.  gentianoides  in  Bot.  Mag.  (t.  3661)* 
and  that  of  a  very  much  ponrer  form  of  the  same 
species  in  Bot.  Rc^,^  t.  3,  183S,  Dr.  Lindley  and 
Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  were  both  agreed  as  to  the  name 
P,  gentianoides.     The  Bot.  Mag.  specimen  flowered 


in  the  Glasgow  IJotanic  Garden  ;  Lindley 's  specimen 
was  procured  from  Mr.  Groom,  of  Walworth.  I 
have  not  paid  any  psrsonal  attention  to  hybridising 
species  or  vati' tics  of  Pcntstemons,  nor  does  *'Soix- 
ante "  seem  to  be  any  better  informed.  I  find  P. 
Ilartwegii  was  introduced  in  1825  and  P.  gentian- 
oides in  iS-;6,  The  last-named  cannot,  therefore,  be 
Lindley 's  plant.  Oae  cannot  do  everything  ;  but  I 
have  often  wished  I  had  lime  to  spare  for  crosFing 
some  wf  the  distinct  species  and  varieties  of  this  genus. 
Some  of  them  are  very  lovely,  and  continue  in  flower 
after  many  things  are  destroyed  by  the  autumn  frosts. 
7.  Doujas. 


PRUNING. 

No  better  time  than  the  present  could  be  chosen 
for  general  forest  pruning,  for  correcting  rival 
leaders  on  standard  trees,  removing  overgrown 
branches  from  the  rides,  and  cutting  back  over- 
hanging boughs  from  rides  and  drives.  This  latter 
should  receive  particular  attention  and  be  regularly 
attended  to  at  stated  intervals,  as  few  things  are  more 
unpleasant  to  foot  or  other  passengers  than  branches 
protruding  into  the  walks  and  drives,  and  probably 
surcharged  with  rain.  Where  it  is  not  considered 
advisable  to  remove  branches  altogether  from  trees 
and  shrubs,  terminal  pruning,  pricking  or  disbudding 
may  be  resorted  to  with  favourable  result?.  Prune 
closely  off  with  a  saw  all  broken  and  twisted  dead  or 
dying  twigs  and  branches,  and  look  over  the  lawn 
trees  to  see  that  none  have  died  out,  and  if 
so,  have  such  removed  at  once  either  by  stubbing 
or  felling  in  the  usual  way. 

Pruning  in  the  nursery  should  likewise  receive 
attention  just  now,  all  contending  shoots  and  un- 
gainly side  branches  being  removed  or  cut  into 
shap?.  By  so  doing  a  great  amount  of  trouble  is 
saved  hereafter,  but  unfortunately  this  is  an  operation 
that  is  too  often  neglected  even  in  the  majority  of 
nurseries. 

Cutting  Weeds. 

Thistles,  Nettles,  Docks,  and  any  other  rank  weeds 
should  be  cut  from  amongst  young  trees,  while  plan- 
tation margins  and  waste  ground  will  be  all  the 
better  for  an  overhaul,  as  by  cutting  over  the  weeds 
before  seeding  time  their  future  development  is 
retarded  in  a  considerable  degree.  Farmers  too  often 
perhaps  give  utterance  to  by  no  means  complimentary 
language  regarding  the  seeding  of  woodland  weeds 
on  their  fiel  i^,  but  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  at  Iea4 
in  this  district,  the  fault  is  their  own,  for  uncultivated 
field  corners,  head-rigs,  and  stackyards— not  to  speak 
of  the  parks  and  cultivated  grounds — are  anything 
but  creditable  to  a  Welsh  farmer ;  but  we  may  be  born 
in  a  stable  and  yet  not  be  a  horse— so  it  might  have 
been  more  truthful,  at  least  conveyed  a  more  truthful 
meaning,  had  we  substituted  "a  farmer  in  Wales" 
fora  "  Welsh  farmer." 

Where  Gxse  abounds  in  recently  formed  woods  a 
sharp  look-out  will  require  to  be  kept,  as  it  is  apt  to 
encroach  too  much  on  the  young  plants  and  be  rather 
a  nuisance  than  an  advantage. 

Nursery  Work. 

Weeds  are,  owing  to  the  dripping  season  here, 
unusually  abundant,  and  every  opportunity  should  be 
taken  advantage  of  to  get  rid  of  as  large  a  number 
as  possible.  Iljeing  during  dry  sunny  weather  is 
undoubtedly  the  speediest  and  best  method  of  getting 
rid  of  them  ;  but  where  this  cannot  be  engaged  in  from 
thickness  ol  the  plants  in  the  bed  or  other  reasons, 
hand-weeding  is  a  good  but  rather  expensive  sub- 
stitute. 

Seed  beds  will,  during  dry  weather,  require  atten- 
tion in  the  way  of  watering — work  that  is  best  per* 
formed  in  the  cool  of  the  evening,  or  the  last  thing 
before  the  men  leave  off  work  at  night.  Weeding  of 
seed  beds  may  be  done  during  damp  weather,  as 
there  is  then  less  chance  of  the  young  plants  getting 
loosened  or  otherwise  injured  when  extracting  the 
weeds.  Young  hardwoods  and  Pines  may  now  be 
looked  over  and  pruned  into  shape,  by  the  cutting 
away  of  all  rampant  side  shoots  and  contending 
leaders.  The  ties  and  clay  around  grafts  must  receive 
attention,   the  former  by  being  loosened  where  the 


scion  has  taken,  and  Ihe  latter  by  being  kept  moi;t 
and  free  from  crack?. 

The  pink  Hawthorn  and  Horse  Ches'nul  may  now 
be  budded  upon  the  last  year's  shoots,  taking  care  to 
bud  upon  stock  that  arc  somewhat  in  advance  of 
those  from  which  the  buds  are  taken.  This  is  a 
simple  and  at  the  same  time  inexpensive  way  of  intro- 
ducing contrast  and  beauty  to  our  woodland  gladts 
and  margins. 

All  vegetable  refuse  in  the  nursery  should  be  col- 
lected in  a  heap  or  heaps,  and  turned  over  occasional!'", 
so  that  fermentation  may  go  on  equally  over  the 
misses.  In  the  case  of  weed-i  this  is  particularly 
desirable,  so  that  their  germinative  properties  may  be 
completely  destroyed,  and  to  hasten  and  insure  this 
the  admixture  of  a  small  quantity  of  Hme  is  to  be 
highly  recommended. 

Seedling  Rhododendrons  may  still  be  planted  in 
lines,  care  being  taken  to  lift  the  plants  with  good 
balls,  keep  quite  damp  until  planted,  and  afterwards 
shade  by  means  of  Spruce  branches  for  a  few  days 
until  a  start  to  growth  is  made. 

Wind-swayed  Pines  and  Firs  in  the  nursery  breaks 
should  be  tramped  up  at  once,  and  in  doing  so  rather 
incline  the  tree's  head  to  than  from  the  point  where 
the  prevailing  winds  of  the  district  blow. 

Dj  not  ram  stones  into  the  holes  formed  by  the 
trees  while  rocking  about,  for  this  is  a  highly  injurious 
practice,  and  one  that,  unfortunati^ly,  is  by  far  too  often 
performed,  but  stamp  the  surrounding  soil  firmly  into 
all  crevices,  and  level  Ihe  surface  with  a  spade.  If 
left  unnoticed,  wind-swaying  plants  soon  become  un- 
healthy, and  assume  a  yellow,  withered  appearance 
previous  to  dying  ou'right,  this  being  ciused  by  in- 
gress of  air  at  the  roots,  as  well  as  by  the  straining  and 
mangling  to  which  such  are  subjected.  A.  D.  PVebifer, 
Penrhyn  Castle,  North  Wales. 


.i0r.l-tjcrT]. 


The  season  has  been  very  suitable  for  all  the 
various  kinds  of  plants  growing  in  this  department. 
The  heavy  rains  in  the  early  part  of  the  summer 
greatly  assisted  them  in  making  good  prowth.  The 
drought,  at  present,  is  rather  telling  on  the  Fern?, 
especially  Onoclea  sensibilis,  S'.ruthiopteris  ger- 
manica,  and  Adiantum  pedatum,  giving  them  a 
browned  appearance  ;  all  other  varieties  withstand 
the  dry  weather  very  well.  The  rockery  is  now  in 
its  full  beauty,  the  large  clumps  of  Sp'r.ea  japonica 
are  one  mass  of  their  white  flower;,  the  little  wild 
Thyme  and  Marjorim  clothing  the  rjcks,  and  the 
variius  varieties  ol  S:dums  and  E:heveria=,  ari  all  in 
full  bloom,  also  Er'ci  scoparia  siricia,  Pnlux  'rjndosa 
and  P.  setacea  a'vjpurpur-a,  Ononis  sr/ensis,  and 
the  small  white  Campanula,  and  reck  Pinks,  all  tend- 
ing to  enhance  the  beauty  and  variety  of  this,  in  my 
opinion,  one  of  the  most  interesting  Irrnches  of 
horticulture,  as  there  is  always  something  to 
attract  the  attention,  even  in  the  depth  of 
winter.  Veronica  rjpestris  forraosa,  of  which  I 
have  large  clumps  interspersed  among  the  rock- 
work,  are  literally  covered  with  their  tiny  blue 
flowers.  The  Ilclianthemums  are  just  out  of  bloom, 
but  the  Lysimachias  are  at  present  supplying  quanti- 
ties of  their  yellow  flowers.  Giultheria  Shallon  and 
G.  procumbens  are  also  in  full  bloom  :  these  are  very 
suitable  subjects  associated  with  rockwork.  With  us 
G.  Shalloa  grows  on  the  sandstone  rock  without  any 
soil,  and  sets  its  fruit  freely.  Rhododendrons,  self- 
sown,  gro.v  in  the  same  way.  The  named  varieties 
of  Pyrethrums  and  Lychnis  are  very  suitable  for  this 
garden,  and  are  most  useful  to  cut  for  decoration.  I 
now  give  the  nam;s  of  a  few  Conifers  that  have  been 
planted  here  many  years,  and  which  seem  most  suit- 
able on  the  rockery  :— Taxus  adpressa,  Picea  excelsa 
compacta,  e.  clanbrasiliana,  and  Irish  Vews  ;  these 
all  occupy  the  high  places  in  the  rockery.  Picea 
excelsa  pumila,  e.  pygmaa,  e.  parvifolia,  Abies 
e.  Hudsori,  and  Juniperus  prostrata,  are  distributed 
about  in  the  intermediate  and  lower  places,  and  are 
all  very  suitable  to  this  purpose.  I  find  it  a  good 
plan  to  overhaul  the  rockwork  about  every  fourth 
year,  taking  up  all  the  small  plants-,  dividing  them 
where  necessary,  turning  out  the  old  soil,  and  putting 
in  fresh  material^a  mixture  of  Icam  and  leal-soil  and 
peat— where  required.  I  general'y  do  this  in  Sep- 
tember and  October,  so  that  the  plants  get  settled 
again  before  winter  really  sets  in.  Edward  Ward, 
Hewell  Gardens,  Bromsgrove, 


July  17,  1SS6.I 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


79 


c^ 


i 


J 


WATERING  THE  BEDS. 
Watering  (jf  plants  will  call  for  a  large  amount  of 
attention  during  hot  weather.  This  is  work  that  is 
best  delayed  as  long  as  possible  in  the  daytime — the 
later  the  better  ;  and  should  a  cloudy  day  arrive 
advantage  should  be  taken  of  it.  Positive  injury  is 
done  by  dribbling  water  over  the  beds,  for  no  sooner 
does  thesun  shine  than  all  is  again  rapidly  evaporated. 
If  alt  the  beds  cannot  be  watered  at  once  the  better 
plan  is  to  give  one  or  two  beds  a  thorough  drenching 
ID  the  evening,  and  next  morning,  the  first  thing,  to 
give  these  beds  a  careful  stirring  with  a  hoe  or 
rake.  The  fine  soil  being  thereby  mixed  with  a 
large  portion  of  air  makes  a  capital  non-conductor, 
and  moisture  will  remain  in  the  soil  for  the  benefit 
of  the  plants.  If  we  could  but  produce  an  atmo- 
sphere corresponding  to  that  which  is  present  during 
a  fill  of  rain,  how  easy  would  our  task  become  ! 
Shading  is  a  method  which  can  be  resorted  to  when 
there  are  only  a  few  beds,  but  where  there  are  many 
of  them  it  is  out  of  the  question,  and  there  is  nothing 
for  it  but  artificial  watering. 

Bedding  Plants 
should  have  well  filled  the  spaces  allotted  to  them, 
but  this  is  far  from  being  actually  the  case.  Many  of 
them  have  made  but  little  pirgress  in  growth,  the  late 
very  hot  weather  disposing  them  to  flowering — a  dis- 
advantage when  the  display  is  not  required  till  the 
middle  or  end  of  August.  Most  of  the  flower-heads 
might  be  removed,  and  the  plants  would  then  be 
disposed  to  make  gro«tb.  Now  is  a  suitable  time  for 
making  notes  on,  and  correcting  errors  in,  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  beds.  Carnations  will  require  abundance  of 
water  to  keep  them  in  good  heal'h.  If  shading  in 
some  shape  can  be  placed  over  the  beds  so  as  to 
shade  them  when  they  are  coming  into  bloom,  the 
flowers  will  be  much  finer,  and  their  season  of  bloom- 
ing will  be  much  prolonged. 

Lawns. 
These  had  begun  to  feel  the  efT.'cts  of  the  drough*, 
but  the  late  rains  will  have  improved  their  appear- 
ance. The  rooting  out  of  Dandelions,  Planlains,  and 
other  weeds,  should  be  proceeded  with  whenever 
opportunity  offers.  If  the  centre  be  cut  out,  and  a 
teaspoonful  of  salt  placed  on  the  orifice,  they  will 
give  little  further  troubh.    W.  M.  Baillie  Luton  Hoo. 


pi-AJ^Tg  AND  THEIR  ^^ULTUF^E. 


THE  GREENHOUSE. 
Those  who  are  fond  of  variegated  or  fioe-follage 
plants  will  find  the  variegated  Yuccas  a  most  suitable 
clas?,  including  V.  variegata,  Y.  quadricolor,  Y. 
Stokesii,  and  many  others.  These  plants  are  best 
potted  in  rich  loam  with  plenty  of  sand.  Aralia  Sie- 
boldii  variegata,  A.  argentea  var.,  A.  aurea  var.,  are 
useful  plants,  with  ample  foliage,  distinct  in  habit, 
that  will  stand  a  great  deal  of  rough  usage.  The 
New  Zealand  Flax,  Agapanthus  umbellatus  variegatus. 
Hydrangea  argentea  variegatus,  H.  aurea  variegatus, 
are  both  handsome  and  useful.  The  Aspidistra  lurida 
and  the  variegated  variety  are  always  beautiful.  The 
difterent  sorts  of  Abutilon  Darwinii,  A,  tessclatum, 
A.  Thompsoni,  and  A.  Sellowianum  marmoratum, 
are  very  useful.  Myrtus  communis  variegatus  is 
another  which  is  very  telling  in  decoration  work, 
and  for  cutting.  All  the  above-mentioned  plants  are 
easily  grown  and  may  be  placed  for  a  great  part  of 
the  year  in  structures  where  flowering  plants  of  freer 
growth  would  suffer. 

Plant  Pits 
must  DOW  be  well  looked  after.  To  keep  the  plants  in 
them  in  good  order,  turning  them  round  to  get  them 
nicely  balanced  is  very  essential.  Poinsett  ias. 
Euphorbia  JacquinifoHa,  Aphelandras,  Justicias,  and 
Gardenias  of  soits,  Libonia  penrhosensis,  Impaliens 
Sultani,  and  others,  Bromeliads,  Celosias  and  Balsams, 
which  have  filled  their  pots  with  roots,  will  be  bene- 
fited by  having  a  regular  supply  of  manure-water. 
Gloxinias  and  Acbimenes  must  be  kept  well  shaded 


when  opening  their  bloom,  otherwise  they  last  but  a 
short  time  and  their  flo  vers  will  not  be  nearlyso  bright. 

Propagation 
should  be  pushed  on  now  as  fast  as  possible  with 
all  the  double  Piimulas,  as  these  are  the  most 
useful  of  plants  for  the  autumn  and  winter  months. 
Any  Draccpnas  which  it  is  desired  to  increase  may  be 
propagated  by  taking  off  the  tops  of  the  plants,  which 
will  root  freely  at  this  time  of  year  if  placed  in  jars  of 
water  in  a  moist  stove,  potting  them  ofT  as  soon  as 
a  good  quantity  of  roits  have  been  formed.  Shift 
on  all  plants  of  SoUnums.  such  as  Williams'  Little 
Gem  and  S.  Princess  of  Wa'es  ;  these  make  charming 
little  plants  during  the  dull  months.  Keep  the 
syringe  at  work  freely  in  the  plant  pits  during  hot 
weather,  especially  where  cement  or  impervious 
s'one  is  used  for  the  walls.  Keep  Gardenias, 
Ixoras,  and  Tabernsemontanas,  which  have  recently 
been  cut  down,  quite  close  and  in  a  moist  atmosphere 
until  they  break  freely.  A.  Evans^  LyChe  Hill^ 
Hashmere. 


"pF^UIT3     'yNDEFJ     "(^LA3S. 


MELONS. 
So  far,  the  weather  this  season  has  been  most 
favourable  to  the  production  of  Melons  of  first-rate 
qjality,  and  daring  its  continuance  fire-heat  may  be 
dispensed  with.  But  in  the  event  of  a  change  to  dull 
weather  ensuing,  the  water  in  the  pipes  should  be 
sufficiently  heated  to  raise  the  day  temperature  to 
75°,  and  to  prevent  that  of  the  night  from  falling 
below  70°  or  65°.  Especially  is  it  advisable  that  this 
should  be  done  during  dull  weather  in  houses  in 
which  the  plants  are  either  in  flower  or  their  fruits 
are  approaching  maturity,  because,  in  consequence  of 
a  more  buoyant  atmosphere  than  could  otherwise  be 
maintained  being  commanded,  a  quicker  and  better 
"set,"  as  well  as  more  highly  flavoured  fruit, 
are  secured.  However,  when  the  character  of  the 
weather  is  such  as  to  render  tire-heat  unnecessiry, 
the  amount  of  atmospheric  moisture  in  the  houses 
in  the  afternoon  should  be  somewhat  reduced  in 
quantity.  Melons  swelling  their  fruits  should,  prior 
to  being  watered,  have  a  dressing  of  manure  Uid  on 
the  surface  of  the  bed,  keeping  it  an  inch  or  two 
away  from  the  stems  of  the  plants,  which  will,  with 
proper  treatment,  bring  about  the  best  possible 
results. 

Pits  and  Frames. 

Late  plantings  in  pits  and  frames  will  now  be 
coming  into  flower.  For  this  reason,  with  a  view  to 
securing  a  good  set,  the  sashes  should  be  drawn  off 
for  a  few  hours— siy  from  It  A.M.  to  2  P.M.— on 
sunny  days,  and  the  blossoms  fertilised  when  the 
pollen  is  dry,  until  the  desired  number  to  form  the 
crop  be  obtained.  Three  or  four  fruits— according  to 
the  condition  as  regards  strength  of  the  individual 
plants  and  the  size  to  which  the  varieties  grown  attain 
to — will  be  an  ample  crop  for  each  plant  to  ripen. 
Remove  all  superfluous  fruits  as  soon  as  it  can  be  seen 
which  are  going  to  swell,  and  those  left  for  the  crop 
should,  as  a  matter  of  course,  be  the  most  even  as 
regards  size,  and  be  distributed  as  regularly  as 
possible  over  the  bines,  and  after  they  have  attained 
to  the  size  of  a  full-grown  Magnum  Bonum  Plum,  te 
elevated  above  the  foliage  on  inverted  flowerpots. 
The  thinning  and  stopping  of  the  shoots  should  be 
attended  to,  two  or  three  limes  a  week,  and  not  be 
left,  as  is  not  unfrequently  the  case,  until  barrow- 
loads  of  shoots  are  removed  at  one  time,  to  the 
detriment  of  the  crop.  At  the  beginning  of  next 
week  a  sufficient  number  of  seeds  of  those  two 
excellent  varieties  Blenheim  Orange  of  Hero  of 
Lockinge  should  be  sown,  to  furnish  plants  lot 
supplying  Melons  in  November  and  December. 

Vineries. 
The  semi-tropical  weather  which  we  have  expe- 
rienced during  the  last  three  or  four  weeks  having 
rendered  fire-heat  unnecessary  in  vineries  at  night, 
therefore  a  diminution  should  he  made  in  the  distri- 
bution of  atmospheric  moisture  in  houses  in  which  the 
Vines  are  swelling  their  ciops,  otherwise  mildew 
will  be  likely  to  put  in  an  appearance,  though  there 
need  be  no  apprehension  felt  in  this  direction  in  the 
case  of  Vines  from  which  the  crop  has  been  taken,  and 
among  the  leaves  of  which  there  is  a  Iree  circulation 
of  air  day  and  night.     These  should  be  thoroughly 


syringed  every  afternoon  with  clear  water,  and  like 
Vines  in  every  stage  of  growth,  should  be  kept  well 
supplied  with  water  at  the  roots. 

Grapes  and  Spiders. 
House  spiders  are  quite  as  troublesome  to  Grape- 
growers  as  they  are  to  housemaids,  and  they  are 
certainly  much  more  injurious  if  alloued  to  locale 
themselves  in  the  vineries,  as  aff-cting  the  ap- 
pearance  of,  it  may  be,  otherwise  faultless  bunches, 
by  partially  enveloping  the  beriies  in  their  webs 
to  the  detriment  of  the  bloom,  than  their  presence, 
however  objectionable,  would  be  in  the  interior 
of  the  town  and  country  mansion.  Therefore,  at 
^o  time,  and  particularly  during  the  summer  months, 
should  spiders  be  tolerated  in  vineries  ;  they  should 
be  hunted  daily,  and  their  webs  broken  up,  great 
care  being  required  in  removing  these  with  a  camel- 
hair  pencil  from  the  bunches  of  Grapes,  or  berries, 
not  to  lub  the  latter,  as  in  that  case  the  work  would 
be  better  let  alone  ;  the  spiders  may  be  removed  from 
the  interior  of  the  bunches  by  the  aid  and  careful 
use  of  a  pointed  slick  and  a  pair  of  Grape  scissors, 
H.  IV.  IVarJ,  Longford  CaslU. 


SEEDS  TO  SOW. 
Turnips. — During  this  month,  and  up  to  the  second 
week  in  August,  these  should  be  sown  largely,  as 
upon  these  sowings  will  depend  the  sup[ly  for  winter 
and  spring  consumption  ;  moderately  firm,  light,  rich 
soil  suits  them  best,  and  the  surface  before  sowing 
should  be  rendered  fine  and  workable  by  forking, 
raking,  &c.  ;  afterwards  sow  in  shallow  drills  I  foot 
apart  for  the  small  varieties,  and  from  15  to  its  inches 
for  the  larger  growing  ones ;  among  the  latter 
\'eitch's  Red  Globe  and  Green-top  Wtiite  Sione  are 
about  the  best  for  the  purpose.  Ttiinning  out  the 
young  plants  should  be  done  as  eaily  as  possible,  and 
beforethey  become  inany  wayovercrowdedand  weakly. 
Sow  also,  about  the  middle  of  the  month,  for  a  good 
supply,  some  fine  early  Cabbage,  such  as  Ellam's 
Early,  or  Wheeler's  Imperial,  for  eaily  spring  use, 
and  a  fortnight  later  a  more  general  one,  a  portion 
of  which  will  be  available  for  planting  out  in  October 
and  November,  and  which  will  also  constitute  the  main 
supply  lor  the  following  spring  aad  summer. 

Onions. —X  small  sowing  of  White  Lisbon  now,  in 
drills  I  foot  apart,  in  a  dry  sheltered  position  ;  but 
the  main  autumn  sowing  of  Giant  Rocca,  &c.,  had 
better  be  deferred  until  the  middle  of  August.  An 
additional  soairg  of  Eiily  Horn  Carrot,  if  desired, 
may  still  be  made  on  a  warm  border. 

Lctluce. — Sow  Cabbage  varieties  now  in  beds 
in  warmer  situations,  also  Brown-seeded,  Bath, 
and  White  Cos,  for  coming  into  use  in  late  autumn 
and  winter;  likewise  Bitavian  and  green  cuibd 
Endive,  Radishes,  Mustard  and  Cress,  and  oihtr 
requirements  for  salads. 

Locks. — Where  extra  fine  specimens  of  these  are 
required,  trenches  should  be  prepared  for  them  very 
similar  to  those  used  for  planting  Ctltry,  that  is  i  fjot 
wide,  and  when  ready  for  planting  9  inches  deep  ;  the 
soil  at  the  bottom  of  the  trench,  alter  being  thoroughly 
loosened  and  broken  up,  should  be  enriched  by  (he 
addition  of  some  well  decomposed  manure,  and  the 
plants  placed  9  inches  apart  in  the  rows.  During  lt:e 
growing  season  occasional  applications  of  artificial 
manure,  will  be  highly  beneficial  ;  earthing-up  should 
be  deferred  as  long  as  praciicable.  Planting  on  the 
level,  for  all  ordinary  purposes  is  ihe  best  and  most 
profitable  method.  A  plot  ol  ground  that  has  been 
manured  for  a  previous  crop  will  be  the  best ;  holes 
should  be  made  with  a  diliber  in  lines  \  foot  spait 
and  9  inches  deep,  and  the  plants  dropped  into  them, 
soil  sufticient  to  cover  the  roots  only  being  placed  in 
the  holes  at  the  time  of  planting.  Good  strong  plants 
will  be  necessary  for  planting  in  this  manner,  and  the 
holes  should  be  widened  at  the  ground  level,  and  the 
soil  made  firm  by  twisting  the  dibber  a  few  times 
round  on  the  inside. 

General  Work. 
Plant  out  late  Broccoli,  autumn  Cauliflower,  Kale, 
&c.,  and  fill  up  any  spare  corners  and  vacancies  with 
Savoys,  Cabbage,  Coleworts,  &c,,  and  attend  to  the 
earihing-up,  mulching,  and  watering  of  growing 
crops,  staking  of  late  Peas,  Sic.  Clear  the  ground  of 
early  Potatos,  in  readiness  for  succession  crops,  and 
if  not  quite  ripe  Ihe  tubers  should  be  allowed  to 
remain  on  the  ground  for  a  few  hours,  tn  set  the 
skin,  and  afterwards  removed  to  a  cool  shed,  and 
lightly  covered  over.  Cauliflowers  should  he  I  joked 
through  daily,  and  as  soon  as  the  heads  show  have 
the  leaves  broken  down  over  them,  to  keep  them 
while  and  tender.  Where  it  is  necessary  and  need- 
ful to  retard  some  for  a  few  days,  they  shnulde  be 
cut  off  close  to  the  ground,  or  pulled  up  by  the  roots, 
and  placed  in  water  in  a  cool  cellar  or  shed,  "^ohit 
Am  ten,  Wiiley  Court, 


8o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JULV   17,    1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 
Tuesday,       July  2 


,  (  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  Talm  Seeds,  &c  , 
1       at  Proiheroe  »  Mo-tij-  Rooms, 
f  Bedford    Agricultural    Society's    Show    at 


Wbdnudav,  July  3 


TMUbsdav,      July  7j 
FntDAY,  July  »3 


Luu 


i-Tyne  Hoi 
.  (Three  1 


Sale  of  a  Coiled  ion  of  Established  Orchids, 

stove  I'lanIS,  Sc,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

Clearanre  -ale  of  the  Colleciinr  of  Stove 

and  Greenhouse  plants  at  Furze  Down 

I'ar!<.  Tooting,  by  Proiheroe  &  Morris. 

■  Graniham  Hoiticuftural  Society's  Summer 


1  Society  3 

:rhebhle  and  Distiict  Rose  Show. 
i\    Imporicd    Orchids    from    Mr.    P 
nder.  at  Stevens'  Rooms, 
ol  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  J 


UP  to  the  present  lime  we  have  heard  com- 
paratively little  of  the  Potato  Disease 
this  year,  but  the  weather  of  the  last  weel<  has 
been  favourable  to  the  growth  of  the  fungus, 
and  we  may  confidently  expect  to  hear  shortly 
of  its  appearance  in  various  localities.  Prob- 
ably we  shall  hear  less  of  it  than  in  some  pre- 
ceding years,  for  the  excellent  reason  that,  for 
the  last  year  or  two,  the  climatal  conditions 
have  not  been  favourable  to  its  develop- 
ment, and  that  now,  when,  as  it  would  seem, 
these  conditions  are  more  favourable,  there  is  less 
fungus  to  develope,  and  that,  in  consequence, 
we  shall  have  fewer  lamentations.  This  is  only 
saying  in  other  words  that  the  Potato  disease 
is,  to  a  large  extent,  an  affair  of  weather,  and  this 
is  true.  Unfortunately  it  is  also  true  that  a  large 
number  of  persons — the  vast  majority,  indeed 
— influenced  by  this  fact,  are  content  to  sit  with 
their  hands  before  them  and  do  nothing.  "  We 
cannot,"  say  they,  "  alter  the  weather,  and  there- 
fore we  must  put  up  with  the  loss."  Is  this  a 
fair — is  it  a  reasonable  inference  ?  We  do  not 
think  it  is.  True,  we  cannot  alter  the  weather. 
We  cannot  alter  the  course  of  the  seasons,  but 
the  seasons  themselves  tell  us— if  we  would 
but  read  the  lesson  aright — that  the  pest  is  con- 
trollable, and  that  it  is  our  own  fault  if  we  allow 
it  to  go  unchecked.  All  the  time  so-called 
"practical  men,"  who  really  are  the  wildest  of 
theorists,  go  on  talking  about  things  they  do  not 
understand  —  electricity,  degeneration  of  the 
Potato  plant,  and  the  like — so  long  may  we 
expect  their  lucubrations  to  be  barren  of 
results. 

The  truth  is,  the  investigation  of  the  nature 
and  course  of  the  Potato  disease  is,  in  all  essen- 
tial points,  beyond  the  powers  of  untrained 
observers,  and  is  only  to  be  profitably 
undertaken  by  specialists.  A  man  unaccus- 
tomed to  the  use  of  the  microscope,  one  who  is 
not  familiarly  acquainted  wiih  the  nature  and 
mode  of  growth  of  fungi  in  general,  and  of  those 
in  particular  which  affect  the  Potato  (for  there 
are  many),  is,  for  all  he  may  think  to  the  con- 
trary, a  visionary  theorist.  He  may  pride  him- 
self on  being  a  practical  man— and  on  certain 
points  of  practice  he  may  be  all  that  his  own 
fancy  or  the  verdict  of  his  neighbours  paints 
him  to  be— but  even  from  his  own  standpoint 
he  must  be  adjudged  a  failure,  if  he  neglects 
those  practical  means  which  science  has  laid 
before  him  of  combating  the  disease.  He 
either  deliberately  ignores  them,  or  he  has 
formed  the  opinion  that  it  is  better  worth 
his  while  to  let  things  go  than  to  adopt  such 
measures  as  are  clearly  open  to  him.  This 
may  be  so.  Abstract  science  is  one  thing, 
fiscal  regulations,  rent  and  taxes,  the  price  of 
labour,  foreign  competition,  form  another  and 
very  complex  whole.  It  may  be  that  the 
grower  is  right  when  things  are  looked  at  from 
this  point  of  view,  but  he  can  only  be  right 
for  the  immediate  present.  It  may  be  better 
to  let  things  go  for  the  moment  ;  it  must  be 
better  to  stamp  out  the  Potato  disease  in  the 
future  1  Can  it  be  done  ?  Not  absolutely, 
we  fear ;  but  that  it  can  be  done  to  a  useful 
extent  is,  as  we  think,  taught  us  by  the 
lessons  of  the  weather.  The  weather 
has  held  it  in  check  for  the  last  year  or  two, 
doubtless   far  more  efificiently  than   we  could 


do,  but  nevertheless  it  has  shown  us  that  it  can 
be  checked.  In  the  meantime  what  have  we 
done  ?  Have  we  put  our  shoulders  to  the 
wheel  ?  Have  we  done  a  single  thing  on  our 
parts  to  follow  up  the  lead  Nature  has  given 
us  ?  During  these  years  of  relative  exemption 
has  any  one  man  destroyed  a  diseased  Potato 
when  he  has  seen  it?  Not  a  bit  of  it.  We 
take  little  or  no  heed  whether  we  plant  healthy 
or  diseased  seed-tubers.  When  disease  of  the 
haulm  makes  its  appearance,  we  leave  it  to 
rot  in  the  garden  or  the  field ;  so  that 
the  fungus  may  disperse  itself  to  the  fullest 
possible  extent  ;  we  throw  the  diseased  haulms 
on  the  dung-heap,  we  use  it  as  packing  for 
Potatos  that  come  to  market ;  we  give  the 
diseased  tubers  to  cattle  and  to  pigs,  and  we 
scatter  the  manure  broadcast.  If  we  wished 
to  do  it,  could  we  possibly  ensure  any  better 
means  of  securing  the  diffusion  of  the  Potato 
disease  than  those  which  we  adopt  ?  We 
have  allowed  ourselves  to  become  fatalists,  to 
act  as  though  half  a  loaf  were  not  better  than 
none. 

The  Potato  disease  is  due  to  the  attacks  of  a 
parasitic  fungus  which  passes  a  large  proportion 
of  its  life  within  the  substance  of  the  plant, 
where  we  cannot  get  at  it  with  any  application 
that  would  not  also  kill  the  plant.  Under 
favourable  conditions  the  fungus  comes  to  the 
surface,  and  gives  off  millions  upon  millions  of 
spores  wafted  readily  by  the  slightest  breeze, 
and  ready  to  sprout  upon  the  leaf  or  haulm 
when  there  is  sufficient  moisture.  With  such 
an  enemy — endowed  with  the  faculty  of  propa- 
gation by  various  other  means  which  we  need 
not  here  detail— is  there  any  reasonable  chance 
that  we  could  by  any  possibility  control  its 
diffusion  ?  The  answer  to  this  question 
is  surely  given  in  the  narration  we  have 
above  given  as  to  what  we  do  not  do.  Over 
and  over  again  we  have  seen — we  have  seen 
them  on  the  day  we  are  writing — one  or  two 
diseased  haulms  in  a  cottage  garden  or  slip,  the 
rest  perfectly  healthy  ;  but  the  diseased  haulm 
is  left,  and  that  one  is  more  than  sufficient  to 
infect  the  whole  neighbourhood,  and  if  weather 
be  favourable  to  it,  it  will  do  so.  That  one 
should  be  destroyed  by  fire  the  instant  it  is 
recognised,  and  its  successors  should  be  treated 
in  the  same  way.  We  shall  be  told  of  course 
that  the  plan  is  not  practicable  on  a  large  scale ; 
nor  is  it,  but  is  that  any  reason  why  it  should 
not  be  adopted  on  a  small  scale  ? 

We  are  confident  that  many  a  small  crop  on 
a  labourer's  plot— many  a  crop  on  which  the 
amateur  depends  for  the  supply  of  his  own 
household — might  be  saved  by  the  destruction 
of  diseased  haulm  the  instant  it  is  seen.  In 
field  culture  this  destruction  of  isolated  plants 
could  not,  it  is  true,  be  carried  out,  but  at  least 
the  haulms  might  be  destroyed  en  masse,  if  not 
by  fire,  which  is  difficult,  by  vitriol,  by  soaking 
in  sulphate  of  copper  or  potassium  sulphide,  or 
other  chemical,  by  avoiding  throwing  diseased 
haulm  or  tubers  on  the  muck  heap,  and  by 
never  in  any  case  giving  tubers  known  to  be 
diseased  to  the  pigs. 


Phvteuma  comosum.  —  Out    illustration 

{fig-  >9)r  taken  from  a  drawing  of  Mr.  Sendtner's, 
shows  how  this  singular  and  beautiful  plant  grows 
"  chn  sot."  A  rocky  cleft  to  root  In,  with  plenty 
of  soil  therein,  limestone  debris  by  preference, 
copious  moisture,  as  there  is  pretty  sure  to  be  in  such 
a  situation,  and  full  exposure  to  the  sun  —  these 
appear  to  be  the  requisites.  The  plant  is  allied  to  the 
Campanulas  and  Lobelias,  and  has  deep  blue  flowers 
borne  in  close  heads,  with  oblong  deeply-toothed 
leaves.  The  flowers  themselves  consist  ol  five  petals, 
united  into  a  tube  at  the  tips,  but  balloon-shaped 
below,  where  the  five  petals  are  separate  one  from 
another,  so  as  to  leave  interspaces  between,  through 
which  presumably  insects  enter  the  flower,  and  carry- 
ing off  the  pollen  from  the  included  stamens  would 
deposit  it  on  the  projecting  stigma   of  some   other 


flower.  The  plant  is  a  native  of  the  Austrian  Alps, 
and  was  introduced  into  cultivation  by  Mr.  George 

Maw. 

Nomenclature. — At  the  Floral  Committee 

on  Tuesday  the  new  rule  was  acted  on  in  one  or  two 
instances  ;  thus  the  committee  refused  to  recognise 
the  name  Odontoglossum  macranthum  Soutbgatei, 
and  certificated  the  plant  as  G.  macranthum,  South- 
gate's  variety.  This  was  done  because  no  authority 
was  cited  for  the  name  Soutbgatei,  beyond  the  exhi- 
bitor's fancy.  The  name  has  not  been  published,  and 
no  description  or  illustration  has  been  given,  as  would 
be  implied  by  the  employment  of  a  Latin  name  ;  and 
a  Latin  name  without  description  or  illustration  goes 
for  nothing.  The  adoption  of  an  English  name  at 
once  shows  the  true  nature  of  the  plant,  and  avoids 
confusion  by  preventing  the  possibility  of  confusing  it 
with  a  botanically  recognised  plant.  Of  course  there 
is  nothing  to  prevent  Mr.  Southgatk  calling  his 
plant  Soutbgatei,  if  he  so  pleases,  but  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society  should  not  recognise  the  name 
except  under  the  circumstances  we  have  mentioned. 
No  hardship  is  inflicted  on  any  one  by  such  a  course, 
and  something  is  done  towards  simplification  of 
nomenclature  and  the  avoidance  of  confusion. ^It 
having  been  ascertained  that  the  Doronicum  certi- 
ficated at  the  recent  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  as  D.  draytonense  had  been  previously 
described  and  figured  (Gani.  Chron.,  vol.  xx.,  p.  296) 
as  D,  plantagioeum  var.  excelsum,  the  name  dray- 
tonense  was,  on  the  proposition  of  Dr.  Masters, 
expunged  from  the  record,  and  the  correct  name 
inserted  in  its  place. 

Eremostachys.  —  Dr.    Regel    has   lately 

published  a  monograph  of  the  species  of  this  genus, . 
thirty-nine  in  number.  These  species  are  herbaceous 
perennial  Labiates,  many  of  them  of  an  ornamental 
character.  The  monograph  is  of  a  purely  botanical 
character,  and  is  illustrated  with  several  outline  illus- 
trations. 

"English  Botany." — With  the  eighty- 
ninth  number  the  new  edition  of  English  Botany, 
edited  by  Dr.  Boswell,  is  brought  to  a  close.  The 
present  part  is  almost  entirely  taken  up  with  the 
index,  which  is  very  copious.  A  preface  informs  us 
that,  owing  to  the  ill-health  of  Mr.  Boswell,  the 
completion  of  the  work  was  entrusted  to  Mr.  N.  E. 
Brown.  All  concerned  may  be  congratulated  on  the 
termination  of  a  work  of  such  magnitude  and  sustained 
excellence. 

French   Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. — 

We  learn  from  the  Revue  de  V Hortkultiirt  Beige 
that  a  society  has  been  established  in  France  to 
protect  and  develope  the  interests  of  the  horticul- 
tural trade.  The  discussion  of  fiscal  regulations  and 
legislative  reforms,  so  far  as  they  concern  horticul- 
ture, is  one  of  the  objects  of  the  society,  as  well 
as  the  establishment  of  a  central  committee  to 
afford  information  calculated  to  prevent  the  losses  in 
the  horticultural  trade. 

Flowering   of    Agave    filifera.  —  An 

object  of  popular  as  well  as  scientific  interest  has 
suddenly  and  unexpectedly  appeared  in  the  grounds 
of  the  Edinburgh  Exhibition  this  week,  in  the  shape 
of  a  very  fine  specimen  of  this  plant  throwing  up  an 
enormous  flower-stem.  The  plant  forms  one  of  the 
collection  of  Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson.  The  stem 
was  first  observed  on  Monday  last,  when  it  was  only 
jut  issuing  from  the  crown  of  leaves,  and  such  is  the 

apidity  of  growth,  that  in  three  days  it  has  attained 
a  height  of  2^  feet.  The  stem  at  the  base  is  about 
3  inches  in  diameter,  and  is  densely  clothed  with  long 
acutely  lanceolate  fringed  scales  of  a  grey-green 
colour.  It  is  now  protected  from  injury  by  a  wire 
guard,  and  we  may  hope  to  see  it  lievelope  its  in- 
florescence to  perfection. 

Hollies. — Some  beautiful  examples  of  these 

were  noticed  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Show  at  Liverpool,  the  production  of  the  Elvaston 
Nurseries  of  Messrs.  Barron  cS:  Sons.  Evidently 
the  soil  of  this  nursery  suits  them  admirably,  the 
colouring  of  the  different  kinds  being  clear  and  well 
defined.  Of  kinds  we  noted  nobilis,  a  fine  broad- 
leaved  kind  ;  a  pendulous  variety  of  argentea,  very 
pretty  ;  ovata,  nana  aurea,  versicolor,  medio  picta, 
laurifolia,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Queen, 


iHE    GARDENERS'    C  H  RO  N IC  I.k.  —  ivi.\    17,    1886. 


Fig.  19,— phyteuma  comosum  at  home  ;    flowers  light  purple,    (see  p,  80.) 


82 


rilll     G.IRDRNERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  17,  18 


DoiJiiLE      Flowf.ks     an'd     Variegated 

Leaves.  —  Some  years  since  the  late  Professor 
MOKREN  advanced  the  notion  that  double  flo\r<  1 ; 
riid  not  co-exist  with  variegated  foliage.  Many  excep- 
tions were,  however,  soon  pointed  nut,  and  some  were 
shown  on  Tuesday  last  at  the  Royal  Horlicullural 
Society,  in  the  shape  of  silver  leaved  Pelargoniums 
with  double  flowers. 

Mr.  RiVEEs'  Pot  Fruit  Trees  at  Liver- 

root. — It  appears  that,  although  we  made  mention 
of  the  beauty  and  vigour  of  Mr.  Rivers'  pot  trees  at 
Liverpool,  we  omitted  to  mention  that  a  Gold  Medal 
was  awarded  them.  In  repairing  the  omission,  we 
may  say  that  the  trees  amply  disserved  the  recognition 
Ihey  received. 

Inheritance,  or  Otherwise,  of  Colour. 

—  We  hear  of  people  ready,  from  peculiarities  of 
appreciation,  to  say  black  is  white,  and  vice  vcrsd^ 
and  soms  sort  of  oblique  countenance  is  given  to  such 
a  proceeding  by  I  he  fact  that  black  does  not  alA-ays 
reproduce  black,  nor  white  succeed  to  white.  An 
instance  of  this  was  afforded  the  other  day  at  Ken- 
sington, where  a  new  white  Grape  was  shown  with 
oval  berries,  and  stated  to  be  a  seedling  from  Black 
Monukka.  No  foliage  was  shown,  nor  was  there  a 
bunch  of  the  parent  with  foliage  for  comparison,  as 
there  should  have  been. 

Cassia  lignea  and    the  Chinamen. — 

According  to  the  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the 
AfTorestation  Department  of  Hong  Kong  for  1S85, 
there  is  a  great  difticuUy  in  growing  this  tree,  as  the 
following  extract  from  the  report  will  show  : — "The 
plantations  of  Cassia  lignea  that  were  made  on 
the  hills  north  of  Aberdeen  would  probably  have 
been  in  a  thriving  condition  by  this  time  but  for  the 
persistence  of  the  Chinese  in  breaking  off  the  leaves 
and  branches  of  the  plants.  They  appear  to  attach 
some  importance  to  the  plant  as  a  medicine,  and 
despite  the  vigilance  of  the  forest  guards,  they  suc- 
ceed in  keeping  the  plants  in  an  almost  leafless  con- 
dition. Even  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,  where  the 
plants  are  protected- by  iron  tree-guards  and  wire 
netting,  they  have  killed  several  plints  by  persisiently 
defoliating  them  and  wrenching  ofl  the  branches." 

Pulten.ea  rosea  —  writes  Baron  Ferdi- 
nand von  Mueller  — is  one  of  the  most  local  of  all 
plants  in  existence,  being  absolutely  restricted  to  the 
summit  of  Mount  William,  in  the  Australian  Gram- 
pians, at  about  5000  feet.  This  is  also  the  exclusive 
native  locality  of  Eucalyptus  alpina.  If  plants  strong 
enough  for  experiment  are  available,  they  might  be 
tried  in  mild  places  of  Enghnd  as  outdoor  plants, 
inasmuch  as  this  Pultensea  has  to  endure  in  its 
native  haunts  a  sub-alpine  clime,  and  is  subjected  to 
frosts  of  more  or  less  severity  through  several  months 
in  the  year.  In  places  like  Arran  in  Scolhnd,  the 
Devonshire  coast,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  it  ought 
to  prove  perfectly  hardy. 

Malesia. — The    last    numbers    of    Signer 

Beccari's  publication  relating  to  the  flora  of  the 
Indian  Archipelago  contains  the  continuation  of  the 
lengthy  catalogue  of  "  piante  ospitatrice,"  or  plants 
selected  as  habitations  by  ants,  including  not  only 
the  curious  Ilydnophytum  and  other  Rubiaceae, 
in  which  large  gall-like  swellings  occur  on  the 
plants,  and  which  become  the  residence  of 
ants,  bat  also  of  various  Asclepiads,  Dischidia, 
Nepenthes,  Ferns,  Palms,  &c.  The  third  volume 
opens  with  a  monograph  of  the  species  of  Nepenthes 
of  which  thirty-three  species  are  admitted,  as  well  as 
eighteen  hybrids.  A  list  of  the  Ferns  and  Lycopods 
of  Borneo  and  New  Guinea  follows,  and  the  com- 
mencement of  a  paper  on  "  Asiatic  Palms  "  is  given. 
Excellent  lithographic  illustrations  of  new  or  inter- 
esting species  are  given. 

"LiNDENiA." — Among  the  plants  flguted  in 

recent  numbers  are  :  — 

Cypi  ipcdium  Lawreiueamim  vai:  Hyeanum,  t. 
42.— A  variety  with  the  mottled  leaves  of  C.  Liw- 
renceanum  or  C.  Dayanum,  with  the  upper  sepal 
while  with  green  veins  ;  petals  narrow,  ciliate,  green  ; 
Up  pouch-shaped,  green. 

Deiidrohium  straliotcs,  t.  43. — Avery  curious  Den- 
drobe,  described  by  Professor  Reichenbach  in  our 
columns,  vol.  xxv,,  p.  266.  The  flowers  have  white 
lanceolate  sepals,  the  whitish  lateral  petals  are  much 


longer,  narrower,  erect,  and  twisted  ;  the  lip  with  two 
lateral  erect  lobes  and  a  spade-shaped  flat  central  lobe, 
all  while,  with  violet  venation.  The  plant  is  a  native 
of  the  Sonda  Isles.  The  flowers  are  produced  in 
great  abundance. 

Cattkya  ipCiion^siina  var.  Maloitana,  —  A  form 
with  large  flowers,  sepals  and  petals  magenta- 
coloured,  lip  trumpet-shaped,  with  an  expanded 
two-lobed  limb,  rosy-lilac,  mottled  and  streaked 
with  reddish-purple,  and  with  a  white  throat  blotched 
with  orange. 

•    ExTRAOKDis'ARV    TiTHES.— A  meeting  of 

Hop  and  fruit  growers  from  the  counties  of  ivent, 
Sassex,  and  Surrey  was  held  a  few  days  since  at 
the  Bridge  Hoifse  Hotel,  to  consider  the  recent  Act 
for  the  aboliiion  of  extraordinary  tithes.  Mr.  T.  H. 
Bolton,  late  M.P.  for  North  St.  Pancras,  who  is 
President  of  the  Anti-Extraordinary  Tithe  Associa- 
tion, occupied  the  chair,  and  explained  the  provisions 
of  the  Act  which  he  had  carried  through  the  last 
Parliament,  and  suggested  the  course  that  would  be 
probably  adopted,  setlling  the  amount  of  compensa- 
tion to  be  paid.  He  thought  that  it  would  be  desir- 
able that  persons  interested,  both  as  landowners  and 
tenants,  should  co-operate  together  to  avoid  unneces- 
sary complications  and  difiiculty  in  working  out  the 
Act,  and  to  insure  the  fixing  of  a  reasonable  scale  of 
compensation.  A  long  discussion  ensued  upon  the 
provisions  of  the  Act,  which  was  generally  approved. 
It  was  resolved,  pending  the  carrying  out  of  the  Act, 
that  as  far  as  the  association  could  influence  the  indi- 
vidual action  of  Hop  growers  and  others  the  distress 
sales  should  be  suspended.  A  vote  of  thanks  was 
given  to  Mr.  Bolton  for  his  services  to  the  Hop, 
fruit,  and  market  gardeners  in  obtaining  the  Act. 

Statice    Suworowi. — Like    many    other 

things  that  hail  from  the  same  quarter  of  the  world, 
this  showy  and  highly  desirable  annual  is  bothered 
with  a  difficultly  spellable  and  very  unpronounceable 
name.  It  varies  considerably,  both  as  to  size  and 
showiness,  under  slightly  difl'erent  courses  of  treat- 
ment, but  seems  to  have  no  difficulty  attached  to  it  if 
grown  in  a  cool  place.  It  is  a  native  of  Western 
Turkestan,  and  should  accordingly,  if  the  best  pos- 
sible results  are  to  be  attained,  be  grown  in  an  un- 
heated  house  or  frame,  even  at  the  expense  of  treating 
it  as  a  biennial,  when  it  will  form  a  strong  crown 
with  large,  little  divided  leaves,  and  flower  splendidly 
in  early  summer.  A  group  of  flowering  specimens  in 
the  Caps-house  at  Kew,  and  another  in  the  rockery, 
exhibit  much  branched  flowering  stems,  from  2  to  2\ 
feet  in  height.  Tha  divisions  of  the  inflorescence  are 
spicate,  finger-like,  tapering,  often  of  considerable 
length,  and  densely  furnished  with  rosy-pink  flowers 
of  medium  size,  having  the  calyx  striped  with  a  darker 
colour.  A  figure  of  the  plant  in  Regel's  Gartenflora 
gives  a  poor  idea  of  the  real  beauty  of  this  species  ; 
while  another  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  Sep- 
tember 29,  1883,  p.  393,  gives  a  more  favourable 
impression  of  the  likely  dimensions  and  showiness  of 
the  plant.  Very  different  is  the  case  with  S.  lep- 
tostachya,  another  annual  species  flowering  in  the 
herbaceous  ground,  with  slenderly  divided  leaves, 
and  slender  spikes  of  inconspicuous,  though  pretty, 
pale-coloured,  miniature  flowers, 

Dracontium  Carderi. — We  are  indebted 

to  Mr.  F.  Moore,  the  Curator  of  the  Glasnevin 
Botanic  Garden,  for  a  specimen  of  the  spathe  and 
spadix  of  this  handsome  Aroid.  D.  Carderi  is  one  of 
those  Aroids  which,  from  a  tuberous  stock,  throw  up 
a  single  leaf-stalk  bearing  a  much-divided  blade. 
The  spathe  before  us  is  borne  on  an  erect  cylindrical 
stalk,  purplish-brown,  spotted  with  white,  and  with 
a  few  small  prickles  scattered  over  its  surface.  The 
spathe  itself  is  about  a  foot  long,  concave-lanceolate 
acuminate,  convolute  near  the  base,  bright  velvety- 
green  outside,  dull  purple  within,  but  yellow  near  the 
base.  The  spadix  is  about  il  inch  long,  cylindric 
obtuse,  dull  purple,  covered  over  the  whole  surface 
with  purple  flowers,  having  the  whole  conformation  of 
the  genus.  The  plant  is  a  native  of  Colombia,  and 
was  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  f.  6523. 

Ghent   Horticultural   Society. — At  a 

mteting  held  on  the  5lh  inst.  the  following  awards 
were  made  :— First-class  Certificates  ;  To  Mr.  Alex, 
Dalliere,  for  Petnettya  lilacina  nigra  major,  and  P, 
1.  fruclo  albo  ;  to  Mr.  Aug.  van  Geert,  for  Hoplo 
phyton  robustum  variegatum  ;  to  Mr,  Desmet-Du 
vivier,    for   Anthurium   Scheizerianum    var.  sangui 


neum ;  to  Messrs.  Vervaet  &  Co.,  for  Ccelogyne 
Massangeana  ;  and  to  Mr.  L'nden,  Director  of 
the  Compagnie  Continentale  d'Horticulture,  for 
Alocasia  Augustiana,  A.  mirmorata,  Phrynium  varie- 
gatum, Alocasia  nigricans,  Sagenia  mammillosa,  Alo- 
casia gigas,  and  for  Amaryltis  Bjnguerolhi.  Cul- 
tural Certificate  ?  To  Mr.  J.  Hye-L;ysen,  for  Cypri- 
pedium  supcrbiens.  Commendations  for  Novelty  : 
To  Mr.  Desmet-Ddvivier,  for  Anthurium  Scherzeri- 
anum  Brillant  ;  to  Messrs.  Vervaet  &  Co.,  for  Odon- 
toglossum  Alexandrir;  var.  fastuosum  ;  and  to  Mr. 
Linden,  Director  of  the  Compagnie  Continentale 
d'Horticulture,  for  DraCDena  Madame  Lucien  Linden, 
D.  Comte  de  Grunne,  Alocasia  Macedoana,  Pan- 
danus  Kerchovei,  and  for  Dracxna  Mr.  James 
Bray.  Commendations  for  Culture  :  To  Mr.  Alex. 
Dalliere,  for  Todea  supetba  ;  to  Mr.  Linden,  Direc- 
tor of  the  Compagnie  Continentale  d'Horticulture, 
for  Darlingtonia  californica. 

Flowers  in  Season.— If  Covent  Garden  and 

editors  carrying  on  their  business  adjacent  thereto 
cannot,  except  at  too  rare  intervals,  visit  the  flower- 
gardens  and  shrubberies  of  our  island,  it  is  fitting  that 
in  this  case  the  mountain  should  go  to  Mahomet  ! 
On  this  principle  Mr.  BuRBIDGE,  the  Curator  of  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  obligingly 
sends  us  a  boxful  of  flowers,  which  act  as  reminders  to 
tell  us  what  is  in  bloom,  and  to  testify  to  the  way 
things  are  grown  in  the  Home- Rule  counties. 

TropitoUttn  polyphyllum.  with  its  glaucous  pal- 
mate foliage  and  wealth  of  yellow  flowers. 

Aster  cabulicui. — A  tall  species,  with  short-stalked, 
lanceolate  leaves,  slightly  serrated,  and  hoary  on  the 
lower  surfaces.  The  flower-beads  are  individually 
small  (about  half  an  inch  across),  but  disposed  ia 
corymbs,  the  ray- florets  pale  lilac. 

Chrysanlheiimm  liiicanl/umum,  the  Ox-eye  Daisy, 
with  the  outer  white  florets  not  strap-shaped  as  usual, 
but  tubular  and  irregularly  lobed  as  in  a  Centaurea  ; 
as  if  to  compensate  for  their  irregularity,  their  size  is 
much  smaller  than  usual.  This  is  a  variety  which 
will  please  the  botanist,  but  lovers  of  Marguerites 
will  not  be  so  appreciative.  Will  Mr.  BURBIDGE 
tell  us  if  it  is  constant  from  seed  ? 

Aslrantia  carniolica  is  an  improvement  upon  the 
common  form,  in  having  larger  bracts  tinted  with 
rose. 

Buplcurttm  frnlicosum  is  a  half  shrubby  Unbellifer 
with  thick,  leathery,  entire  leaves,  very  unlike  those 
of  Umbellifers  in  general.  The  plant,  we  may  add, 
does  well  in  towns,  and  is  striking  even  if  not 
beautiful. 

Anemones  in  July  are  what  we  did  not  dream  of 
some  time  ago,  but  in  the  Emerald  Lie  they  seem  to 
be  able  to  make  Anemones  bloom  for  half  the  year. 

Si/ene  ciliata  is  after  the  pattern  of  our  common 
S.  inflata,  but  has  foliage  more  like  that  ol  a 
Calceolaria. 

Double  Crimson  Sweel  IVilliam  may  be  recom- 
mended for  general  adoption  as  a  border  plant. 

Centaurea  glastifolia  is  remarkable  for  its  globular 
flower-heads  the  size  of  a  Cherry,  and  consisting  of 
overlapping  silvery  scales. 

C.  maoocephahi  is  the  handsomest  of  its  class,  with 
large  flower-heads  aj  large  as  a  mid-sized  Apple  or 
bigger,  with  curious  brown  jagged  bracts,  and  a  head 
of  bright  yellow  flowers. 

L'iikyriis  tuberosns,  a  species  with  wiry  branches, 
obovate  leaflets,  and  racemes  of  small  lilac-rose 
flowers. 

Achillea  MilleJ'olium  is  a  useful  plant  for  lawns  and 
banks.  Sheep  do  not  object  to  it,  every  one  says 
how  pretty  it  is,  both  in  flower  and  foliage.  The 
deep  rosy  variety  may  sometimes  be  found  wild,  and 
is  well  worth  growing. 

Ac<cna  argentca  is  like  our  commOQ  Burnet,  but 
has  glaucous  foliage. 

From  Mr.  S.MITH,  of  Newry,  come  the  following 
notes  with  illustrative  specimens  :  — 

Abelia  trijiora,  now  finely  in  bloom  here.  As  a  dis- 
tinct free-growing,  and  free-flowering  shrub  it  occu- 
pies a  high  position. 

Calceolaria  Sinclairii,  from  New  Zealand,  is  very 
distinct  in  shape  from  the  better-known  C.  violacea, 
though  the  spotting  and  general  appearance  of  the 
flower  is  much  the  same.  Grown  in  a  ma:  s  along  with 
Musk  and  Urge-flowered  Mimulus,  in  a  damp  and  half 
shady  spot,  it  is  very  good. 

Veronica  Chathamica  is  a  most  distinct  rockwork 
shrub,  mimicing  as  it  does  in  flower-spike  and 
foliage  some  of  the  large-leaved  group,  though  its 
stems  are  quite  prostrate. 


July  17,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


83 


TriUlcia  laxa,  in  a  mass  and  grown  as  strong  as 
the  specimen  I  send,  is  often  mistaken  in  the  distance 
for  .^gapar.thus  ;  the  latter  frequently  does  not  grow 
2  feet  high  or  bear  forty  flowers  on  a  £tem. 

Deiitzia  candidissinia,  pt ,  is  perhaps  the  best 
white- flowered  hardy  ihsub  we  have,  and  it  would 
be  hard  indeed  to  imagine  anything  finer  than  it  is 
just  now.  A  mass  of  huge  arching,  5  to  6  feet  long, 
flower-laden  branches,  bending  to  the  ground  with 
the  weight  of  their  full  double  pure  white  blossoms. 

Escallonia  kticatitka  is  distinct  and  good  on  a  wall ; 
it  is  of  moderate  growth,  and  shows  no  tendency 
to  outgrow  the  space  allotted  to  it,  as  many  of  its 
near  relatives  do. 

Philadelphus  fai-viflonis. — This,  though  about  the 
smallest  flowered  of  the  group,  is  free  in  growth  and 
free  blooming,  and  is,  moreover,  the  sweetest  of  all. 
Its  delicious  perfume  approaches  more  nearly  to  that 
of  Boronia  megastigma  than  any  other  flower  I  know. 
Backia  astartcoi t'cs^  as  a  cool  greenhouse  flowering 
shiub  would  be  not  easily  surpassed.  A  specimen 
planted  out  here,  and  about  6  feet  high,  is  now  a 
dense  mass  of  pendent  flower-laden  spray.  It  is  in 
blocra  nearly  the  year  through. 

Dianthus  AcddenI, — This  is  a  "come  by  chance  " 
in  a  bed  of  seedling  D.  barbatus,  and  is  probably  a 
natural  hybrid.  However  that  may  be  it  is  a  very 
charming  perennial,  bright,  beautiful,  and  continuous 
blooming.  [It  looks  like  a  cross  between  a  Sweet 
William  and  a  garden  Pink.   Ed.] 

Scottish  Horticutural  Association. — 

The  ordinary  monthly  meeting  was  held  on  Tuesday, 
July  6,  in  the  Society's  rooms,  5,  St.  Andrew 
Square,  Edinburgh — Mr.  Alex.  Milne,  President, 
in  the  chair.  The  President  read  a  paper  from  Mr, 
Dea.\,  Ealing,  on  "  The  Primrose."  After  referring 
to  the  earlier  history  of  the  Primrose,  he  described 
the  various  varictite  he  cultivates  himself.  He  was 
awarded  a  vole  of  thanks  for  the  paper.  The 
following  were  the  exhibits  : — Dr.  Paterson,  Bridge 
of  Allan,  a  collection  of  Orchids  ;  Messrs.  Dici-;- 
SONS  &  Co.,  nurserymen,  Edinburgh,  a  collection 
ef  single  and  double  Delphiniums  and  of  Crinum 
Moorianum.  Mr.  RusHTON,  CUrewood  Garden, 
sport  from  Pelargonium  Beauty  of  Oxton,  which  is 
identical  wiih  Baltic  ;  Mr.  McMlLAN,  Edge  Hill,  a 
variegated  double  white  Pelargonium,  which  received  a 
Certificate  :  also  a  bunch  of  Chrysanthemum  scgetum  ; 
Mr.  Morris,  Hay  Lodge,  a  collection  of  hardy  cut 
flowers  ;  M-ssrs.  Methven  &  So.N,  nurserymen, 
Edinburgh,  Passiflora  Constance  Elliot.  The  meet- 
ing closed  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  exhibitors. 

Cambridge  Botanic  Garden.— The  most 

important  operation,  according  to  the  annual  report, 
has  been  that  of  planting  the  unique  and  remarkable 
specimen  of  Aloe  plicatilis  in  a  new  tub,  which,  on 
account  of  the  weight  of  the  specimen  and  its  ex- 
ceptional liability  to  be  injured,  was  one  o(  con- 
siderable anxiety.  Ic  was,  however,  safely  accom- 
plished without  the  breakage  of  a  leaf,  or  any  disturb- 
ance of  soil  that  was  not  intended.  Extra  good 
drainage  was  secured  by  means  of  drain-tiles,  which 
were  so  arranged  that  the  specimen  may  at  any  future 
lime  be  lifted  without  difficulty  by  means  of  bars 
passed  through  them.  The  labelling  of  trees,  shrubs, 
and  other  plants  in  the  garden,  has  had  a  large  share 
of  attention.  7400  labels  of  all  kinds  have  been  used. 
1 120  labels,  of  a  form  noticed  in  the  arboretum  at 
Oxford,  have  been  used  for  trees  and  shrubs,  and  it 
appears  satislactoiy ;  it  has  the  upper  part  turned 
over  so  that  the  name  is  protected  from  falling  dirt  and 
drip  without  being  in  any  degree  hidden  from  view 
ard  is  fixed  in  its  place  by  means  o(  copper  wire. 
The  use  of  zinc  as  a  material  for  labels  continues  to 
be  satisfactory,  and  several  inquiries  have  been 
made  about  the  system  of  making  and  writing 
that  has  been  adopted.  Labour  provided  by  the 
special  grant  has  been  chiefly  devoted  to  the 
continuation  of  thinning  the  belt  of  trees  and 
laying  doxn  the  ground  with  grass.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  409  yards  of  the  path  between  the  Panton 
S:reet  gate  and  the  Trumpington  Road  gate  have 
been  remade.  Among  the  principal  plants  of  scien- 
tific interest  that  have  flowered  are  Callisia  insignis  ; 
Clematis  Davidiana,  illustrated  in  the  Gardmers' 
ChionicU  ;  Crotalaiia  laburnifolia,  drawn  for  the 
Botanical  lilngazine,  and  not  before  known  as  a 
Dative  of  Africa,  whence  the  seeds  came  ;  Dioon 
cdule,  of  which  the  cone,  a  female,  is  preserved  in 
the   Museum  ;    Eucomis   zambesiaca,   n.   sp.  ;    Iris 


Eulefeldi,  drawn  for  the  Botanical  Rlaga'Jiie  j  Iris 
kumaonensis  ;  Iris  Leichilinii,  Iiis  Miksii,  Iiis 
reticulita  var.  sophemensis  ;  Myosotidium  nobile,  a 
plant  of  difficult  culture  and  great  rarity  ;  Opuntia 
camanchica ;  and  Xanthcceras  sorbifolia,  drawn 
for  the  Botanical  Maga-.iiie.  Thladiantha  dubia 
was  of  interest  in  fruit,  the  female  plant  being 
rare.  About  1319  plants  and  1047  packets  of 
seeds  have  been  received.  Contributions  have 
been  received  from  various  Bjtanic  Gardens,  and 
a  return  has  been  made  to  most  of  them. 
Mjny  interesting  and  rare  plants  have  been  received, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  Araasonia  punicea. 
Anemone  Fannini,  a  remarkable  species  from 
Sou  h  Africa  ;  Dracunculi-s  creticas,  Drosera  Baikei, 
Galaclodendron  utile,  the  Cow  tree  of  South  America  ; 
Gymnogramma  Pearcei,  several  new  species  and 
varieties  of  Iris  from  Professor  Foster,  Paullinia  sor- 
bibs,  the  Guarana  ;  new  Primulas,  Sisyrinchium  fili- 
folium,  the  Pale  Maiden  of  the  Falkland  Islands  ; 
Strcptocarpus,  n.  sp.,  with  red  flowers;  Uiricularia 
bifida.  In  exchange  about  763  plants  and  135S 
packets  of  seeds  have  been  distributed.  A  number 
of  plants  have  been  very  successfully  forwarded  to  the 
Bitanic  Gardens,  Georgetown,  Demerara,  and  it  may 
be  interesting  to  state  that  Neiumbium  luteum  has 
become  established  there,  having  in  a  few  months 
covered  a  large  piece  of  water,  producing  thousands 
of  leaves.  Vitis  Dterophora  has  also  made  an  immense 
growth, 

ThYSANOTUS     MtJLTIFLORUS.— At    a    hasty 

glance  this  curious  Liliaceous  plant  is  rather  mis- 
leading as  to  its  real  affinity,  on  account  of  the 
absence  of  three  out  of  six  stamen.":.  O.her  species 
also  exhibit  this  peculiarity  in  a  more  cr  less  perfect 
manner,  and  were  for  that  reason  grouped  under 
Thysanella.  The  various  other  members  of  the  genus 
are  characterised  by  very  unequal  perianth  segments, 
the  outer  being  narrow  and  entire,  while  the  three  of 
the  inner  series  are  broad,  overlapping  those  of  the 
outer  series,  and   finely  fimbriated   or  fringed.     This 


7hE    'pRCHID     J40UgE3. 

CATTLE  Y  AS. 
In  all  Orchid  collections  that  are  divided  into  three 
sections  there  is  almost  sure  to  be  -^hat  is  termed  the 
Cattleya-house.  But  we  find  (as  others  no  doubt  do) 
that  some  Catileyas  do  not  grow  well,  flower  freely, 
and  keep  in  gooJ  health  for  many  years  if  all  are 
grown  in  the  one  Cattleya-house.  Take,  for  instance, 
C.  speciosissima  :  include  all  varieties  of  this  grand 
Cattleya,  and  it  will,  I  think,  hold  its  own  against 
any  other  species.  We  have  had  flowers  as  large  as 
any  Cattleya  gig.is  I  have  ever  heard  of,  and  shades 
of  colour  that  would  please  any  Orchid  fancier;  and 
another  point  in  its  favour  is  that  wiih  proper  treat- 
ment it  will  flower  twice  in  the  year.  We  grow  this 
Cattleya  at  the  south  end  and  east  side  of  an  East 
Indian-house  ;  they  have  but  little  shading,  only 
running  the  blinds  down  when  the  sun  is 
very  powerful,  and  as  they  are  all  grouped 
together  they  can  be  managed  without  injuring  the 
more  tender  plants  in  the  house.  C.  amethystoglossa 
receives  the  same  treatment.  This  plant  I  have  seen 
standing  in  th;  Cattleya-house  and  not  show  the  least 
sign  of  growing,  while  other  species  would  finish  up 
their  growth  and  flower  well.  C.  Eldorado  is  a  very 
pleasing  variety,  and  Ibwers  at  a  lime  when  most  of 
the  others  are  past.  It  is  not  a  giant  among  Cattleyas, 
but  it  is  very  interesting.  When  several  plants  are 
grown  it  will  be  seen  that  the  flowers  vary  much  in 
their  shades  of  colour,  from  the  variety  crocata,  which 
I  consider  to  be  the  best  of  the  whites,  and  from  the 
dark  purple  ornaia.  This  species  did  not  give 
satisfaction  when  grown  with  C.  Mossice  and  C. 
Triance,  &c.  On  entering  the  Cattleya-house  here, 
at  the  north  end,  close  to  the  boilers,  is  about 
12  feet  divided  from  the  main  house,  which 
forms  a  sort  of  lobby  ;  this  has  brick  sides  and  wall 
at  the  end.  Over  ihe  slate  stages  at  the  sides  (which 
,,  ,r   J   ■       V  ■  ^  •        ,  have  an  opening  at  the  back  to  let  the  warm  air  rise) 

IS  well  exemplified  in   the  spcces  under  notice,  the       jj  pUced,  about  6  inches  above  the   other  stage,  and 
llowejs  of  which  are  violet-purple    numerously  pro-       close  back  tothe  wall,  a  temporary  stage  of  corrugated 
^ '"''"=  ="P'^>  '^i^'       iron  ;  this  is  covered  with  shinele,  and  a  little  live 


duced  in  an  umbel  terminal 

rises  sufticiently  high  to  c.ury  the  flowers  clear  of  the 
foliage.  Like  many  other  highly  attractive  flowers 
they  are  very  ephemeral  in  their  duration,  in  this 
instance  expanding  in  the  morning  and  closing  up 
again  sarly  in  the  afternoon.  A  few  only  ofan  umbel 
expand  at  once,  so  that  a  succession  is  kept  up  for  a 
considerable  time  by  one  umbel,  and  a  good  sized 
plant  or  rather  group  of  plants,  such  as  that  flowering 
in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew,  is  even  more  elTociive  and 
more  lasting.  The  leaves  are  radical,  numerously 
produced,  narrowly  linear,  and  remind  one  of  an 
Allium,  iM ilia  or  Tulbaghia,  but  have  a  semi-rigid  or 
leathery  character,  another  peculiar  feature  of  a  dry 
and  arid  climate,  such  as  that  of  Australia,  to  which 
it  belongs.  Nineteen  species  are  known,  only  one  uf 
which  is  found  out  of  the  above  country. 

— —  Senecio  snijALiDUS.  — Every  Oxford  man 
must  be  familiar  with,  and  well  nigh  everv 
visitor  to  the  famous  University  town  must  have 
been  struck  with,  the  abundance  and  beauty  of 
this  plant  on  the  old  walls  of  the  city.  According 
to  Mr.  Druce's  excellent  flora,  the  first  notice  of  the 
plint  in  its  present  situation  was  in  the  preface  to 
SinxHORf's  Flora,  1799,  but  how  long  before  that,  it 
hid  been  established  there  is  no  evidence  to  show. 
DiLLENius  sent  seeds  of  it  to  Linn.eus,  but  whether 
from  the  garden  or  the  college  walls  is  not  stated. 
Our  present  concern  with  it  is  as  a  decorative  plant, 
and  for  the  rockwork  we  know  of  no  plant  more 
effective  over  a  long  period  than  this  curiously  mis- 
named plant.  One  caution  we  must  however  give, 
viz  ,  that,  wherever  planted,  let  it  be  in  dry  poor  soil. 
Under  opposite  conditions,  it  grows  rankly,  and  loses 
half  its  beauty.  We  have  used  it  with  great  effict  in 
a  flower  bed,  taking  care  that  the  bed  was  thoroughly 
drained,  and  that  water  was  only  sparingly  given. 
Under  such  circumstances  compactness  of  habit  is 
ensured,  and  continuity  of  bloom  during  many  months. 
Transplantation  by  means  of  seedling  plants,  isbelt;r 
than  propagation  by  seed. 

PtIBLICATION    '&ZQ%\\!.-o.— How  I  Managed 

and  Improved  my  Estate.  Reprinted  from  the  St. 
James'  Gazette.  (London  :  G.  Bell  &  SONS,  Yoik 
Street,  Covent  Garden.) 

Gardening  Appointment. — Mr.  Andrew 

Armstrong,  late  Gardener  to  R.  S.  Dunbar,  Esq., 
Eagle  Cliff,  Greenhithe,  has  been  engaged  as 
Gardener  to  Mrs.  CORBETT,  Ember  Court,  Thames 
Ditton,  Surrey, 


sphagnum  is  shaken  over  it,  which  soon  grew,  and 
formed  a  moist  bed  ;  here  C.  Eldorado  grows  and 
flowers  well. 

Cattleya  Dowiana  and   its  variety  aurea  are   still 
among  the  grandest  of  Orchids,  and  one  which  the 
hybridist  will  not  easily  improve  by  crossing,  as  other 
colours  do  not  blend  well  with  the  gold.    I  hope  some 
day  to  see   one    with  pure  white  sepals  and  petals. 
This  Cattleya,  if  not  well  attended  to,  will,  after  five 
or  six  years  from   the  time  of  being  imported,  begin 
to  languish.     If  grown  in  the  Erst   Indian-house  it 
should  be  in  a  light  position  under  the  top  ventilaator, 
so  that  the  growths  might  make  up  with  plenty  of 
fibre   in  them,  otherwiie  if  grown  in  a  close  atmo- 
sphere and  heavily  shaded  the  plants  will  look  green 
and  healthy,  and  should  the  growths  not  rot  olT,   the 
following  spring  will  be  a  trying  time  lor  it,  as  it  will 
probably   turn  yellow,  and   then  it   will    take   some 
coaxing  to  bring  it  round   again.     Bat  take  an  im- 
ported plant  of  the  same  appearance  and  give  it  warm 
treatment  and  it  will  grow  freely,   while  the  former 
would  make  a  very  weak  start.   We  grow  this  Cattleya 
at  present  in  two  ways,  some  are  suspended  in  baskets 
over  the    C.    EldoraJos,    where   the  temperature  at 
night  is  a  fe',»  degrees  higher  when  the  fires  are  going, 
and  there  is  more  moisture  in  the  air ;  and  another 
lot  is  grown  in  pots  on  the  stage  at  the   warmest  end 
and  on  the  west   side   of  a   large   division    where   a 
general  collection  of  Cattleyas  and  Lslias  are  grown. 
Hence  they  get   much  of  the  afternoon  sun,  a  rather 
light  shading   being  used.     The   latter  plants  appear 
to  be  doing  rather  better  thin  thase  hanging  from  the 
roof.     Amongst  them  we  find   C.  Dowiana  aurea  is 
the  best  grower.     Now  is  a  busy  time  fjr  potting  and 
top-dressing  the  various  species,  viz  ,  Cattleya  Mossi.T, 
C.    Mendelii,    C.    Skinneri,    C.     Lawrenceana,    and 
Laslia  purpurata.     Any  plant  that  it  is  necessary  to 
pot  is  attended  to  when  the  growth  has  started  about 
half   an  inch,  but   some  Cattleyas,   such  as  MossIk, 
sometimes  begin  to  root  freely  before  the  buds  begin 
to  break.     Tftese  can  be  potted  as  soon  as  the  flowers 
are   over.     Top-dressing  can   be  done  at  any  time, 
taking    care   not     to    disturb   the   roots   more   than 
can  be  avoided. 

As  the  flowers  of  OJontoglossum  vexillarium  fide 
and  new  growth  commences  the  plants  must  be 
potted,  and  those  in  which  tha  compost  has  become 


84 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  17,  1886. 


sour  must  be  shaken  free  of  it,  cutting  away  any  dead 
roots  ;  then  half  fill  the  pots  with  new  crocks  for 
drainage,  and  pot  the  plants  in  two  parts  peat  and  one 
of  sphagnum,  adding  a  few  pieces  of  broken  potsherd?. 
If  the  weather  should  be  hot  and  dry  it  will  help  the 
plants  much  if  extra  shading  be  put  on  after  potting, 
keeping  the  house  damp,  and  also  round  about  the 
pots  and  on  the  surface,  but  do  not  water  the  plants 
for  a  time.   C.  Woolford,  Downside. 


SUMMER   PINCHING   OF  THE 
SHOOTS   OF   FRUIT   TREES. 

For  the  better  elucidation  of  the  directions  as  to 
the  summer  pruning  of  Pears  and  Plums  given  in  our 
Notices  to  Correspondents,  we  give  a  figure  (fig.  20) 
showing  how  summer  shoots  can  be  made  to  form 
fruit-spurs  without  the  wasteful  method  of  wholesale 
cutting  back  of  young  shoots  so  often  practised  by 
gardeners. 

The  block  is  one  which  illustrated  an  article  on  this 
subject  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  July  lo,  1847. 
Since  that  time  the  art  of  making  fruit  trees  Iruitful 
after  this  manner  has  been  successfully  taught  by  the 
late  Mr.  T.  Rivers,  M.  De  Breuil,  and  others.  Mr. 
Cappe  says,  in  describing  the  method,  he  commenced 
to  pinch  the  young  shoots  nearest  the  leader  (this 
would  apply  to  young  trees  in  course  of  being  formed, 
but  is  equally  applicable  lo  branches  of  old  trees) 
as  soon  as  they  are  from  2^104  inches  long,  as  seen  at 
a,  a  ;  he  then  let  all  the  other  shoots  go  on  until  they 
were  of  a  certain  length,  when  he  pinches  them  at  k,  t: 
This  severe  pinching  will  sometimes  cause  the  shoois 
to  die  off,  and  to  convert  the  existing  spurs  into 
shoots.  In  general,  however,  the  young  shoots  after 
they  have  been  pinched  will  remain  stationary,  with 
only  one  or  two  leaves  on  them,  and,  in  the  year 
following  the  operation,  will  form  fruit  spurs. 
Under  ceitain  circumstances,  when  the  trees  are  of 
a  very  vigorous  growth,  they  will  break  again,  so 
that  they  will  require  to  be  pinched  a  second  or 
third  time,  as  will  be  observed  at  .-,  e,  f, /,  and 
g.  When  it  was  found  that  the  tree  had  too  much 
sap,  Mr.  Cappe  allowed  those  branches  that  had 
been  pinched  a  second  or  third  time  to  remain  un- 
touched at  the  winter  pruning,  and  he  only  cut  them 
in  after  they  had  produced  some  shoots,  by  that 
means  preventing  some  of  the  branches  taking  too 
great  a  development.  The  branches  /',  /(,  illustrate 
the  case,  and  they  will  be  cut  off  at  i,  i.  The 
pinching  of  the  shoots  on  a  leader  differs  a  little 
from  that  practised  upon  the  lateral  branches.  Sup- 
posing fig.  20  to  be  a  leader  of  a  pyramid,  instead  of 
pinching  the  shoots  a,  a,  as  they  are  represented,  he 
let  them  grow  to  the  length  c  f  *,  b,  before  he  pinched 
tbero,  this  being  necessary  to  secure  wood  for  the 
next  winter  pruning. 


J4oME     j30F(F(E3P0NDENCE, 


Rose  coloured  Wild  Primrose,  and  'Prim- 
rose  erraticisms. — May  I  be  permitted  to  revert  tto 
a  note  of  mine  which  appeared  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronideol  the  5th  ult.,  p.  649,  regarding  a  plant 
of  the  above  description,  which  I  found  growing  wild 
near  Fochabers  ?  At  the  time  I  referred  to  it  I  con- 
sidered it  an  unusual  departure  from  the  usual  yellow 
colour  of  our  uncultivated  native  Primrosie,  and  I  was 
under  the  impression  that  any  departure  from  either  its 
specific  form  or  colour  only  occurred,  and  that  rarely, 
in  the  Southern  Counties  of  England.  The  editorial 
note  appended  to  my  inquiry  for  information,  so  far 
undeceived  me  on  this  point,  and  I  have  now  con- 
firmatory evidence  that  the  aberrant  colouring  in 
question  is  not  the  result,  or,  at  least,  the  sole  result, 
when  occurring,  of  a  comparatively  warmer  tem- 
perature. A  lady  (riend,  on  seeing  my  plant  in 
bloom,  informed  me  that  some  years  ago  a  forester 
or  keeper  brought  her  several  Primroses  of  the  same 
colour,  which  he  had  gathered  in  a  still  more  northern 
district—on  the  estate  of  Skibo,  Sutheriandshire. 
These  she  carefully  preserved,  and  has  cultivated  ever 
since.  She  subsequently  sent  me  one  of  the  plants, 
which  I  found  identical  in  all  respects  with  the  one  I 
submitted  to  you.  I  am  in  hope  of  being  able  to 
ripen  the  seed  of  one  or  other  of  these,  and  to  raise 
plants  therefrom,  so  as  to  ascertain  if  any  or  all  of  the 
produce  will  come  true,  and  adhere  to  the  abnormal 
colour,  or  revert  to  what  is  supposed  to  be  the 
permanent  colour  of  the  species  On  the  whole,  I 
suppose  it  may  be  held  that  the  farther  north  we  go 
the   Primrose   has  a  lessened  tendency   to   diverge. 


Apropos  of  my  last  remark,  I  am  reminded  that  the 
recent  National  Primula  Conference,  and  also  the 
selection  of  late  years  of  the  Primrose  as  a  political 
party  emblem,  will  both  be  the  means  of  bringing 
our  sweet,  modest,  and  favourite  flower  from  its 
retiring  and  haunts  into  public  favour,  and  a  noto- 
riety only  hitherto  accorded  to  its  more  pretensions 
and  well-to-do  relatives,  the  cultivated  and  highly- 
prized  show  Auricula  and  Polyanthuses.  On  that 
account  I  may  be  allowed  to  refer  to  a  circum- 
stance connected  with  its  habit  of  growth  which 
I  have  never  been  able  to  clear  up.  As  our  Ameri- 
can cousins  would  say,  I  was  "raised"  in  a  dry 
sandy  district  where  Primrose  wildings  were  unknown. 
On  coming  (nearly  fifty  years  ago)  to  reside  in  another 
north  country  village,  I  was  delighted  by  seeing  this 
attractive  flower  growing  abundantly  along  the  banks 
of  a  neighbouring  river.  On  becoming  aware  of  my 
partiality  for  these  "earliest  nurslings  of  the  spring," 
an  intelligent  villager  told  me  he  had  introduced  them 
into  his  garden  and  cultivated  them  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  for  borders  to  the  footpaths  in 
same.  On  showing  them  to  me,  I  observed  that  they 
differed  from  those  growing  by  the  riverside,  inasmuch 
as  each  flower  of  the  latter  was  borne  on  a  single 
flower-stalk  or  scape,  while  those  of  the  first-men- 
tioned were  on  pedicles,  or,  in  short,  more  umbel- 
late (as  I  afterwards  became  aware),  like  the  other 
four  or  five  recognised  indigenous  British  species  of 
the  same  genus,  none  of  which  grew  in  or  near  the 
district  referred  to.  My  friend,  however,  assured  me 
that  they  had  all  under  cultivation,  and  several  years 
after  their  removal,  assumed  this  form  of  inflorescence. 
Mis  garden,  I  may  remark,  was  favourably  situated 
and  sheltered,  had  rich  and  suitable  alluvial  soil,  and 
he  treated  his  plants  generously  with  manure  ;  all 
which  might  have  been  the  exciting  cause  of  the 
change.  At  the  time  I  suggested  that  the  plants  he 
showed  me  might  possibly  have  been  self-sown  from, 
and  had  gradually  supplanted,  those  he  had  trans- 
planted from  the  river  side.  He,  however,  was  con- 
fident that  they  were  the  original  plants,  and  had  all, 
without  exception,  undergone  the  structural  change 
referred  to.  Their  umbelliferous  uniformity  did 
certainly  support  both  his  statement  and  theory,  more 
than  it  did  my  supposition.  In  all  my  subsequent  wan- 
derings I  never  forgot,  though  I  have  never  been  able 
to  verify,  or,  I  may  say,  disprove  the  theory  held  by 
my  old  observant  and  long  since  deceased  friend.  I 
have  cultivated  and  raised  from  seed  all  our  aboriginal 
species  (at  present,  from  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to 
hybridise  farlnosa  and  scotica  with  each  other,  I 
have  obtained,  and  now  in  flower,  vigorous  and  true 
seedlings  of  both  the  originals),  but  I  have  never 
found  an  undoubted  form  of  vulgaris  which  had  once 
assumed  its  recognised  form  of  flower  afterwards 
appropriate  that  of  any  of  its  congeners,  or  the  reverse, 
and  what  one  might  consider  the  retrograde  pro- 
cess take  place  with  them.  I  am  not  overlooking 
the  well  known  fugitive  character  of  many  of  the 
Primulte,  and  that  not  only  the  garden  forms  and 
varieties,  but  that  (excluding  farinosa  and  scotica)  our 
indigenous  species  merge  into  forms  peculiar  to  each 
other  when  produced  from  seed,  both  under  cultiva- 
and  when  produced  under  their  natural  conditions. 
I  am  also  aware  that  if  the  several  single  bearing 
flower-scapes  of  vulgaris  are  traced  downward  they 
are  found  to  terminate  and  unite  in  the  crown  stock 
of  the  plant,  and  that  their  union  there  might  be  held 
to  constitute,  as  it  were,  a  sessile  umbel.  Such  being 
the  case,  if  we  were  to  suppose  the  crown  of  the  root 
or  the  part  of  union  were  stimulated  by  a  high  or 
changed  mode  of  cultivation  into  elongation,  it  would 
practically  become  the  peduncle,  while  the  scapes 
thereby  upheaved  and  borne  on  it  would  in  like 
manner  become  the  pedicels  of  an  umbel.  In  con- 
clusion, and  no  doubt  somewhat  in  antagonism  to  this 
supposition,  let  me  add  that  I  had  opportunities  of 
traversing  during  eighteen  summers  the  main  island 
of  the  Shetland  group,  where  by  "  peeiie  "  rivulets, 
and  in  rock-sheltered  nooks  along  its  wind-swept 
coasts,  P.  vulgaris  (the  "Mayflower"  of  the  Shet- 
landers)  grows  abundantly,  and  enlivens  the  silent  ar.d 
otherwise  often  flowerless  scene  they  grace  with  their 
presence.  On  these  occasions  I  never  failed  to  keep 
a  watchful  eye  on,  when  passing,  my  favourites,  but 
among  these  I  never  detected  the  least  change  or 
tendency  to  change,  either  in  their  form  or  colouring. 
The  cool  and  moist  climate,  the  (over  the  yeai) 
equable  temperature,  and  the  unstimulating  soil,  may 
account  for  the  sameness  and  uniformity  of  form  I  met 
with.  Opportunities  for  similar  observations  in  the 
Channel  Islands  might  have  favoured  opposite  con- 
clusions. Some  of  your  better  informed  readers  may 
remove  my  uncertainty,  and  enlighten  me  on  the 
interesting  if  perplexing  questions  I  have  referred  to. 
J.G. 

Helianthemum  rosmarinifolium.  —  I  think 
there  is  a  slight  mistake  in  the  name  of  the  above. 
C.  M.  Owen  speaks  of  it  as  having  "  small  white 
flowers,"  whereas  the  true  H.  rosmarinifolium  has 
bright  yellow  flowers,  and  has  leaves  clothed  with 
white  lomentum  ;  and,  besides,  it  is  an  upright,  not 


a  spreading  shrub.  The  one  mentioned  by  C.  M. 
Owen  I  have  no  doubt  is  H.  umbellatum,  which  is  a 
sub-prostrate  shrub,  with  dark  green  leaves,  and  has 
small  but  very  pretty  white  flowers,  which  are  borne 
in  umbels — hence  the  specific  name.  It  has  a  wide 
geographical  range,  being  found  in  considerable  quan- 
tity through  Central  and  Southern  France  ;  while 
H.  rosmarinifolium  is,  I  believe,  confined  to  the  sea 
coast — at  least,  I  have  always  found  it  in  such  posi- 
tions. Both  the  above  may  be  seen  in  the  York  Nur- 
series, Ilolgate,  York.   R.  Poller. 

Gladiolus  Watsonioides,  Baker  (see  p.  49). — 
You  will  find  this  fully  described  in  the  Journal  of 
the  Linnean  Society,  vol.  xxi.,  p.  405,  and  it  will 
appear  shortly  in  the  Botanical  Magazine.  It  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Joseph  Thomson,  and  introduced 
into  cultivation  by  Mr.  II.  H.  Johnston.  It  is  quite 
distinct  from  the  Cape  (jiadiolus  Watsonius  of  Thun- 
berg,  for  which  the  name  adopted  in  my  Catalogue 
("Systema  Iridacearum,"  Joitrn.  Linn,  Soc,  vol.xvi., 
p.  161)  is  Homoglossum  revolutum.  Like  many 
other  of  the  Cape  bulbs  this  latter  has  received  a 
great  many  different  names.  You  will  find  no  less 
than  eight  cited  in  my  paper.  The  Cape  plant  has 
a  convolute  subulate  leal,  like  that  of  Gladiolus  tristi?. 
The  Kilimanjaro  plant  has  a  flat  linear  leaf  li  foot 
long,  and  a  third  or  half  an  inch  broad,  and  grows 
twice  as  tall  as  the  Cape  species,  and  it  has  longer 
spathes,  a  shorter  p-.rianth  tube  and  a  more  unequal 
perianth  limb.   7.  G-  Baker. 

Secreting  Glands  of  Oncidium  Bateman- 
nianum.  —  It  is  contrary  to  the  usual  rule  for 
secreting-glands  to  be  developed  outside  of  the 
flowers,  or  in  any  way  unconnected  with  fertilisation 
in  Orchids,  but  instances  occur  which  have  evidently 
been  selected  (if  selected  at  all)  for  some  other  pur- 
pose. The  primary  function  of  glands  is  generally 
considered  to  be  that  of  excreting  waste  products, 
which  may,  of  course,  be  utilised  by  Nature  for  a 
secondary  purpose.  The  present  instance,  howeverj 
is  one  of  those  peculiar  cases  where  it  is  difficult  to 
assign  a  satisfactory  reason  for  their  occurrence  and 
use.  Outside  of,  and  at  the  base  of  each  bract,  sub- 
tending the  flowers,  is  a  gland  that  exudes  a  good- 
sized  drop  cf  a  clear  but  viscid  or  sticky  liquid. 
This  takes  place  soon  after  the  expansion  of  the 
flower,  and  when  it  has  attained  its  best — probably 
when  the  latter  is  ripe  for  fertilisation.  Not  only 
does  it  exhibit  a  considerable  degree  of  viscidity,  but 
it  is  possessed  of  a  rich  and  sugary  taste,  quite  unlike 
the  watery  and  insipid  taste  of  the  nectar  usually 
contained  in  the  nectaries  of  those  flowers  furnished 
with  such.  This  tall-growing  species  does  not  seem 
to  enjoy  a  wide  popularity,  judging  from  the  fact  that 
there  are  few  published  figures  of  it,  but  one  occurs 
in  Knowles  and  Westcolt.  Specimens  flower  regu- 
larly and  annually  in  the  cool  section  of  the  Orchid- 
house  at  Kew  about  this  season,  jf,  F, 

WoUaston's  Apospory. — In  your  issue  of  Dec. 
19,  1S85,  there  is  a  most  interesting  account  of  Mr. 
S.  B.  WoUaston's  discovery  of  apospory  in  connection 
with  Pelystichum  angulare  var.  pulcherrimum,  Padley 
found  some  twenty  years  previous  in  North  Devon  ;  I 
have  now  much  pleasure  in  announcing  the  appear- 
ance of  precisely  the  same  phenomenon  (viz  ,  the  pro- 
duction of  true  prothalli  from  the  apices  of  the  pinnulets 
in-tead  of  by  the  mediation  of  the  spore)  upon  another 
and  distinct  form  of  P.  a.  pulcherrimum  which  was 
found  by  Dr.  Wills  near  Chard  in  Dorsetshire.  Mr. 
Padley's  find  was  observed  at  the  time  to  bear  some 
abnormal  excrescences  upon  the  pinnulets,  but  they 
were  assumed  to  be  a  minute  kind  of  cresting. 
Wills'  find,  however,  has  apparently  until  now  pro- 
duced nothing  of  the  kind,  and  I  believe  the  pheno- 
menon has  been  induced  by  the  very  close  Todea 
treatment  to  which  I  have  subjected  the  plants  in  my 
possession  with  precisely  the  ottject  I  have  attained. 
The  prothalli  now  form  a  very  beautiful  fringe 
along  the  inferior  edges  of  the  pinnse,  but  are  too 
immature  at  present  to  permit  me  to  do  more  than 
chronicle  their  existence.  C,  T,  Druery,  Fernholme, 
forest  Gate. 

■  Cocoons  found  in  an  Acorn  at  Cannes. — 
At  your  request  I  have  applied  to  my  niece  for 
further  particulars  respecting  these  curious  seed-like 
bodies,  and  now  give  you  her  account  of  the  matter, 
which  I  think  you  will  say  does  credit  to  her 
powers  of  observation  and  description  [We  heartily 
concur.  Ed]:  —  "Thank  you  for  your  letter  aboit 
the  cocoons  :  I  will  tell  you  all  I  know  about 
them.  I  picked  up,  last  January,  three  acorns  free 
from  the  cup  on  a  road  through  a  deserted  garden  at 
Cannes,  and  brought  them  home  intending  to  plant 
them.  One  was  a  very  large  one.  When  I  got  back 
to  London,  I  noticed  something  rattle  inside  the  shell, 
and  on  breaking  it  open  some  of  the  little  cocoons  fell 
out,  I  took  the  shell  off  and  found  the  acorn  itself 
nearly  covered  with  these  little  seed-like  bodies, 
which  were  easily  shaken  off,  and  left  little  white 
"pits  "  where  they  had  been,  and  a  network  of  the 


July  17,   1886.; 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


85 


FlO.    20  — SUMMER    PINCHING    IN    THE    PEACH.       (SEE    T. 


inner  skin  of  the  acorn.  I  opened  one  of  the  cocoons 
and  found  a  little  white  body  in  it,  just  as  you  did  at 
Ely.  They  did  not  change  in  the  least  (as  far  as  I 
could  see),  during  the  months  I  kept  them  before  bring- 
ing them  to  you.  Neither  of  the  other  acorns  had  any 
cocoons  in  them.  All  the  cocoons  were  found  in  one 
acorn.  They  were  embedded  in  the  nut  and  covered 
it  completely  and  spread  round  the  acorn."  IV, 
Marshall. 


Odontoglossum  vexillaritim. — When  the  plants 
are  in  flower  they  are  kept  in  a  cooler  and  drier 
house  to  prolong  their  beauty.  In  such  a  place  they 
continue  in  perfection  from  four  to  six  weeks.  During 
that  lime  they  make  no  perceivable  growth,  but  when 
the  flowers  decay  they  make  fresh  breaks,  and  are 
from  that  time  kept  growing  for  the  remainder  of  the 
year,  Mr.  Douglas  would  have  preferred  the  sentence 
he  quoted  without  the  word  "nearly."    Such  would 


not  truthfully  express  our  treatment,  as  they  are  not 
encouraged  to  grow  when  in  bloom.  J.  Ridoul. 

Ripe  Mistleto  Berries  in  July.  —  Vour  corre- 
spondent seems  to  think  that  Mistleto  berries  in  July 
are  something  wonderful,  but  if  he  had  made  use  of 
his  perceptive  faculties  he  would  have  seen  they  were 
the  produce  of  last  year,  which  had  escaped  the 
ravages  of  birds,  probably  owing  to  their  immature 
condition  from  a  late  and  cold  season.  I  see  that 
several  large  bunches  on  some  Apple  trees  in  my 
kitchen  garden  are  now  full  of  berries.  I  enclose  a 
spray  on  which  are  last  year's  berries,  and  this  year's 
in  course  of  formation.   F.  G.  Rosters,  Southampton. 

Pinus  Lambertiana.— I  send  you  by  post  a  small 
box  containing  male  and  female  flowers  of  Pinus 
Lambertiana,  Douglas,  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  Thomson 
from  Kenfield  Hall,  near  Canterbury.  The  flowering 
of  P.  Lambertiana  in  this  country  has  been  so  rare  an 
occurrence,  50  far  as  I  am  aware,  that  these  flowers 
seem  to  me  exceptionally  interesting,  and  I  cannot 
help  saying  what  a  boon  it  would  be  to  those  who 
study  Conifers  in  their  scientific  aspect  if  you  would 
have  them  figured  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle^  espe- 
cially as  the  flowers  of  other  rare  species  have  lately 
been  figured  there.  Among  the  rarer  species  of 
Conifers  that  have  recently  coned  at  Kenfield  are 
Abies  bracteata,  A.  Pindrow,  and  Pinus  Coulteri 
(macrocarpa).  A.  H.  K.  [We  shall  endeavour  to  com- 
ply with  our  correspondent's  wishes,  and  with  those 
of  others  at  home  and  abroad  who  have  written  in  the 
same  strain,  and  shall  be  grateful  for  specimens.   Ed] 

Work  on  Colour.— If  there  is  such  a  thing  as 
the  science  of  colour  it  must  be  in  a  very  rudimentary 
or  at  all  events  a  very  chaotic  condition.  Not  only 
is  the  general  public  at  sea  in  the  matter  of  colour 
description,  but  even  professionals  and  those  whom 
we  should  look  upon  as  adepts  in  colour  painting 
frequently  signally  fail  to  give  anything  like  an  exact 
representation  of  natural  colours.  This  refers  to  the 
colours  of  foliage,  fruit,  and  especially  to  that  of 
flowers.  It  is  surprising  and  even  to  be  regretted 
that  a  popular  work  on  colour  has  not  been  attempted 
and  committed  to  the  patronage  of  the  public.  Such 
a  work  would  indeed  be  a  boon,  as  expressed  by 
"  B."  at  p.  53  :  but  its  real  value  to  the  public  at 
large  would  be  difficult  to  realise  if  care  were  taken 
to  inculcate  its  principles  and  disseminate  its  teach- 
ings. The  primary  value  would  depend  upon  its 
being  authoritative,  and  to  be  accepted  as  a  standard 
work  it  should  be  both  exhaustive,  definite,  and  deci- 
sive. Why  should  not  instruction  in  colours  be  dis- 
seminated just  as  we  are  instructed  or  educated  in 
other  matters  by  illustrated  books  and  periodicals 
innumerable  ?  A  recognised  and  reliable  authorita- 
tive work  of  this  character  would  not  only  greatly 
assist  the  artist,  professional  or  adept,  but  constitute 
a  source  of  instruction  and  pleasurable  recreation  to 
thousands  of  amateurs  who  earned  their  bread  by 
other  means.  Take,  for  instance,  the  word  green, 
and  fathom,  if  possible,  its  significance.  To 
simply  state  that  a  plant  has  green  leaves  gives 
but  a  feeble  conception  of  what  they  are  really  like, 
and  the  same  expression  as  applied  to  flowers  is  even 
more  vague.  Green  (colour)  is  in  reality  a  class  word, 
including  an  innumerable  variety  of  shades  and  tints. 
Referring  to  some  of  the  old  figures  in  botanical  works, 
it  has  been  jocularly  remarked  that  the  evolution  of 
colour  in  flowers  is  often  so  rapid,  that  the  latter  are 
with  difiiculty  recognisable  alongside  of  the  coloured 
figures  of  their  historic  progenitors.  How  different 
their  prehistoric  ancestors  must  have  been  !  Darling- 
tonia  californica  is  an  instance  in  point,  where  the 
figure  in  the  Botanical  Mas^azine^  t.  5920,  has  little 
in  common  in  the  matter  of  colour  with  living  speci- 
mens. The  sepals  are  too  deeply  green,  without 
exhibiting  any  of  their  pale  purple  markings,  while 
the  petals  exhibit  a  contrast  of  yellow  and  brownish- 
red  that  is  altogether  unnatural  and  misleading  to 
those  who  have  not  seen  living  specimens.  Many  of 
the  older  botanists  paid  little  attention  to  colour,  and 
even  yet  some  of  them  regard  it  as  of  minor  import- 
ance, and  dried  specimens,  especially  of  the  great 
Orchid  family,  often  do  not  even  afford  a  clue  to  the 
natural  colours.  For  this  very  reason  figures  coloured 
true  to  Nature  would  be  invaluable  ;  but  it  olteo 
seems  an  open  question  whether  the  artist  meant  to 
improve  upon  Nature,  or  whether  the  latter  completely 
eluded  or  baflled  his  skill.  A  figure  of  Barkeria 
Lindleyana  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  6098,  and 
another  in  Paxton's  Magazine  of  Botany,  xiii., 
P'  '93>  agree  in  most  points  of  structure  and  with  the 
living  plant,  but  the  colour  in  both  instances 
is  altogether  discordant  with  Nature.  The  second  of 
the  two  figures  quoted  exhibits  an  extraordinary  mix- 
ture and  association  of  colours.  The  exterior  surface 
of  some  of  the  flowers  is  of  a  nearly  uniform  pale 
violet-blue  or  some  such  indescribable  colour,  while 
the  same  aspect  of  others  is  all  red  except  the  lower 
half  of  the  labellum.  The  apex  of  the  labellum  is 
deep  almost  blood-red  with  a  large  glaring  white 
blotch  above  the  column.    All  these  colours,  doubtless 


86 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


fJULY   17,    1SS6. 


mcanl  tn  lepresent  different  shading  due  to  the  posi- 
tion of  the  flowers,  are  too  exaKg^"''^'^  ^"'^  '°°  "'o'^"* 
in  contrast  to  be  be  pleasant,  to  say  nothing  of 
natural.  That  colour  varies  accordingly  as  the 
light  is  transmitted  or  reflected,  and  also  upon  its 
intensity,  is  well  exemplified  in  Masdevallia  Veitchii, 
or  even  belter  in  Nanodes  Medusa.',  figured  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  t.  5723,  and  reproduced  in  the 
Flore  lies  Sei res.  1771,  in  both  of  which  the  labellum 
is  described  as  lurid  purple.  The  labellura  is  else- 
where described  as  purple  or  amethyst-purple.  A 
notable  feature  in  the  latter  figure,  although  a  re- 
production, is  that  the  shading  is  considerably  dif- 
ferent from  the  original.  The  spathes  in  different  in- 
dividuals of  Anlhurium  ferrierense  must  vary  consider- 
ably in  colour  (which  there  is  great  reason  to  believe 
Ihey  do),  or  else  the  colour  is  so  peculiar  ihitscaicely 
two  writers  describe  it  alike.  In  Kegel's  Garten- 
flora,  1SS4,  p.  307.  the  colour  is  described  as 
*'  hrillant  rosa-carmin,"  and  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Cliioniile,  xxi.,  p.  1S5,  the  spa'he  is  said  to  lie 
pale  rose  or  pink-coral,  and  again  as  a  lustrous 
pink-coral  colour,  while  anoiher  writer  says  a  pecu- 
liar deep  red.  These  are  but  a  few  of  the  many  in- 
stances that  might  be  selected  to  show  the  necessity  of 
some  reliable  and  standard  work  on  the  subject.  J.  F. 
Under  the  above  heading,  your  correspon- 
dent *'B.  "  raises  a  question  of  some  importance, 
and  well  worthy  of  consideration.  If,  as  he  ad- 
vocates, some  authoritative  book  were  published, 
describing  the  different  colours,  and  the  shades  vary- 
ing between,  what  an  admirable  work  for  reference  it 
would  be.  It  is  in  the  diversiiy  of  the  shades  that 
confusion  arises,  and  opinions  differ  ;  and  this  differ- 
ence of  opinion  leads  to  an  uncertainly  on  the  part 
of  others.  As  for  instance,  among  the  many  things 
for  which  we  are  indebted  to  the  gardening  Press, 
not  the  least  important  are  the  notices  of  new  plants  ; 
but  if  the  descriptions  are  at  variance  concerning 
colour,  doubts  are  raised  in  the  minds  of  those — it 
may  be  intending  purchasers — who  have  not  the 
opportunity  of  seeing  for  themselves,  Lut  rdy  solely 
upon  what  they  read.  Some  have  been  misled  by  the 
so  called  "blue  Primula,"  yet,  on  examination,  the 
"  blue  "  proves  to  be  one  ol  the  many  existing  shades 
hard  to  describe,  being  neither  one  thing  nor  the 
other,  and  which  would  probably  be  classed  under 
purple.  Surely  then,  a  standard  woik  from  a  reliable 
authority,  would  be  the  means  of  obviating  all 
this,  and  prove  highly  beneficial  to  all  who  consulted 
its  pages.  //.  [Our  correspondents  must  not  overlook 
the  personal  question.  Do  any  two  people  really  see 
colour  alike  ?  Again,  the  colour-printing  processes 
now  in  use  often  do  not  at  all  fairly  represent  the 
original  drawing,  and,  moreover  generally  lade  after 
a  short  time.  Ed.] 


sD  Sr 

ROYAL  I-IORTICULTURAI^  :  Tuesday, 
July  13. 
The  conservatory  was  enlivened  by  a  beautiful  dis- 
play of  hardyherbaceous  plants  from  our  suburban  nur- 
serymen and  other?,  amonirst  which  Roses,  Gaillardias, 
Lilies,  Delphiniums  figured  largely,  and  good  vege- 
tables and  fruit  added  to  the  attractions  of  the  show. 
A  few  new  plants  of  merit,  some  Orchid?,  and  Aus- 
tralian productions  made  up  the  more  miscellaneous 
items  of  a  beautiful  and  interesting  display. 

Scientific  Committee. 
H.   Pascoe,  Esq.,  in  the  chair. — Present  :  Messrs. 
W.  G.  Smith,  J,    O'Brien,   G.    F.  Wdson,  A.  Grote, 
G.  Maw,  and  Dr.  Masters. 

Rhododendron  ponticum  var.  myktifolium. 

Mr.  G.  Maw  doubted  this  being  a  true  native  of 
Gibraltar,  as  stated  at  the  last  meeting.  At  ihe  same 
time  Mr.  Maw  mentioned  that  1\.  ponticum  was 
wild  at  Aiges^iras,  where  it  grew  in  company  with 
Balantiura  culcita,  both  cases  aii'ording  instances  of 
isolation. 

CiSTUS    LADANIFERUS. 

Mr.  Maw  remarked  that  plants  of  this  with  blotched 
flowers  grew  in  Spain  in  company  with  oiheta  in 
which  no  blotch  was  perceptible.  He  had  also  seen 
a  few  instances  of  blotched  and  unblotched  flowers  on 
the  same  plant. 

Digitalis  lutea  and  gkandiflora. 
Mr.  Maw  suggested  that  these  might  be  dimorphic 
forms  of  one  and  the  same  species 

Daffodils. 
Mr.  Maw  reported  on  the  occasional  occurrence  of 
erect-nowered  DalTodils.  He  also  staled  that  N. 
minimus  of  Botanical  Magazine,  \.  6,  was  identical 
with  M.  minor,  and  abundant  in  Central  Spain  at 
high  elevations.     Drawings  of  various  hybrids  v.'ere 


shown,  and  the  opinion  expressed  that  N.  calathinus 
and  N.  triandrus  were  one  and  the  same  species. 
Masdevallia  Dayana. 

Mr.  O'Brien  alluded  to  this  interesting  species,  in 
which  the  three  sepils  cohere  by  their  tips,  leaving, 
however,  la'eral  apertures  through  which  insects  may 
enter,  as  in  M.  fenestrata.  The  peduncles  originate 
from  the  top  of  the  shoot,  and  not  from  the  base  as  in 
others  of  the  genus.  A  Botanical  Ceitificale  was 
awarded  to  the  plant. 

Cattleya  Loddigesii. 

A  dimerous  flower  was  shown,  on  which  Dr. 
Masters  undertook  to  report  at  the  next  meeting. 

Fungus  on  Mangos. 
Mr.  W.  G.  Smith  alluded  to  a  fungus    Capnodlum 
nr.angiferum,    which    he    had    received    from    G.    S, 
lenman,  Esq  ,  of  Demerara.      The  fungus  occurs  also 
in    India,    but    there   attacks    the    leaves    only.       In 
Guiana  it  bursts  through  the  bark  of  the  trees. 
MisTLETO  IN  July. 
Dr.  Masters  showed  a  spray  of  Mistleto  with  ripe 
berries. 

Selenipedium  and  Uropedium. 
Dr.   Masters  exhibited  a  drawing  by  Mr.  W.   G. 
Smith  of  a  specimen,  received  from  Mr.  Bull,  interest- 
ing as  confirming  the  notion  that  Uropedium  is  a  mon- 
strous state  of  Selenipedium. 

Fire  Blight  in  Pears. 
Dr.  Masters  exhibited  specimens  of  this  disease 
received  from  Professor  Arthur,  of  New  York  Agri- 
cultural Station.  The  disease  is  attributed  to  Bacteiia, 
and  happily  ha=^  not  yet  been  noticed  outside  the 
United  Slates.  To  the  naked  eye  the  young  shoots 
look  dry,  shrivelled,  and  black  as  if  scorched  by  fire. 
Mr.  Worthington  Smith  undertook  to  report. 


Floral  Committee. 

Present  :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq  ,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  M.  T.  Masters,  H.  Bennett.  W.  Bealby.  H. 
Herbst,  J.  Walker,  Shirley  Hibberd,  W.  Wilks  G. 
Duffield,  J.  Hudson,  W.  Holmes,  R.  Dean.  C.  Noble, 
H.  Ballanline,  J.  Dominy,  J.  O'Brien,  G.  Paul,  J. 
Douglas,  A,  F.  Lendy,  and  E.  Hill. 

Mr.  W.  Bull,  Kind's  Road.  Chelsea,  showed  Impa- 
liens  Hawkeri,  described  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
vol.  XXV.,  p.  7G0.  The  plants  shown  were  healthy, 
vigorous,  and  remarkable  (or  the  lively  lint  of  rose  of 
the  flower.  Lourea  papilio,  a  slender  habited  plant 
with  a  leaf  of  a  light  fjreen  shade  banded  transversely 
with  brown,  and  whose  breadth  is  twice  that  of  its 
length  ;  Aphelandra  chTysops,  the  foliage  marked  on 
the  lines  of  main  ribs  with  creamy-white,  the  flowers  and 
flower-bracts  yellow,  tipped  with  palegreen— a  handsome 
addition  to  those  already  in  cultivation.  A  flower  of  the 
handsome  Aristolocbia  elegans  wa^  shown  ;  and  Pteris 
ludens,  a  species  with  large  foliage,  deeply  lobed,  of  cheer- 
ful shade  of  green,  the  stipe  dark  brown,  and  smooth. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nursery, 
showed  a  basketful  of  new  hybrid  Gloxinias,  of  which 
Irma  is  a  brilliant  scarlet  ;  The  Moor,  rich  purple  ; 
Vestal,  white,  with  a  taint  rosy  bordering  to  the  tube, 
and  all  were  of  refined  tints.  From  Ihe  same  establish- 
ment was  brought  Carnation  Mrs.  Mason,  a  pink  self 
flower,  with  just  a  suspicion  of  yellow  amongst  the  centre 
petals.  A  charming  collection  of  Iris  Kasmpferi,  Can- 
terbury Bells  (both  single  and  double),  and  Ten-week 
Stock  (Snowflake,  a  pure  white  flower  borne  on  a  stout 
spike),  were  likewise  exhibited  by  this  firm. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Paradise  Nursery,  HoUoway, 
showed  the  rare  Dendrobium  Williamsi  ;  the  flowers 
are  ivory-white,  round  in  form,  the  throat  and  lip  purple, 
pseudobulbs  terete,  and  stems  slender  erect  ;  Sarracenia 
hybrida,  a  dwarf  variety,  with  pitchers,  either  red  or 
green  according  to  age,  that  are  spotted  with  white  near 
the  apex. 

Mr.  W.  Bealby,  Roehampton,  showed  an  Ivy-leaf 
Pelargonium,  Eden  Marchi,  having  semi-double  pink 
flowers  ;  and  Delphinium  Colbert,  a  very  robust  spike  of 
a  metallic  hue. 

Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart. ,  Burford  Lodge,  showed 
several  choice  Orchids — viz.,  Phaius  Humbloti,  a  new 
species— sepals  and  petals  of  pinkish-purple,  crest  bright 
yeUow,  and  Ivp  rosy-purple,  the  flower-stems  about 
18  inches,  and  foliage  those  of  the  genus  generally  ; 
Spathoglottis  Augustorum,  having  a  tall  stem  surmounfid 
with  a  corymb  of  white  starry  blossoms,  with  the  faintest 
shade  of  lilac  in  tlie  centre  of  each  ;  Ai-*rides  var.  roseum, 
possessing  a  short  drooping  spike  of  rose-coloured 
blooms. 

Mr.  R.  Dean,  Ranelagh  Road.  Ealing,  showed  a 
number  of  Canterbury  Bells,  of  "  hose-in-hose  "  charac- 
ter, in  shades  of  pink,  blue,  and  lilac  ;  Everlasting  Pea, 
Delicita,  pretty,  pink  and  white ;  New  Giant,  crimson, 
and  Mauve  Beauty,  Ten-week  Stocks,  fine  stout  spikes 
of  defined  colours  ;  Carnation  Eflie  Deans,  of  a  cerise 
colour  ;  and  flowers  of  Malva  moschatus. 

Mr.  Salter,  gr.  to  I.  Southgate,  Esq.,  Selborne, 
Streatham,  showed  a  flower  of  Oucidium  niacranthum, 
Southgate's  variety,  and  a  flower  of  the  type  to  show 
difference  of  marking  on  the  petals  ;  the  difference  con- 
sists in  the  variety  having  a  large  brown  patch  spread 
over  one-halt  of  the  petal  from  the  base  upwards. 

Mr.  White,  gr.  to  C.  Dorman,  Esq.,  The  Firs,  Lawrie 
Park,  Sydenham,  showed  a  fine  form  of  Odontoglossum 


crispum,  named  Imperati  ;  it  is  a  grand  flower,  with 
lilac-coloured  lints  on  the  lower  petals  ;  O.  crispum, 
Mrs.  C,  Dorman,  a  splendid,  large,  almost  pure  white, 
finely  frilled  flower,  of  ninoh  subs-ance  ;  and  Epidendtuni 
v.tellinum  maximum,  a  showy,  large-flowered  variety. 

Baron  T.  Hruby.  Peschkau,  Bohemia,  showed  Odonto- 
glossum crispum  Hrubyanum,  wilh  dark  purpHsh  spots 
of  a  large  size  over  all  parts  of  the  flower. 

Mr.  Nicholas,  gr.  to  Earl  Fortescue,  Castle  Hill, 
showed  a  spike  of  Renanthera  coccinea,  evidently  cut 
from  a  plant  possessed  of  considerable  vigour. 

Colonel  E.  T.  Berkeley,  Sibbertoft,  Market  Har- 
b:)rough,  showed  Phala;nopsis  speciosa  var.  Imperator, 
of  nmch  darker  tints  (bright  purple)  than  the  ipyc, 
although  the  advantage  ot  size  goes  with  the  Utter, 
which  was  exhibited  alongside. 

Some  charminjj  varieties  of  Papaver  rheas  came  from 
Rev.  W.  Wiiks,  Shirley  Vicarage,  Croydon  ;  the  colours 
were  white,  pink,  scarlet,  and  mixtures,  of  all  three,  and 
th-i  flowers  were  comparatively  large. 

Mr.  f,  Naylor.  St.  Hilda's  Nursery,  Harrow,  showed 
a  much  crested  variety  of  Pteris  serrulata;  the  habit  is 
dwarf,  and  densely  bushy. 

Mr.  Thurstane,  nurseryman,  Merrievale,  Wolver- 
hampton, showed  seedling  Pinks  wi'h  fine  markings. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son.  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt, 
obtained  a  Silver  Banksian  Medal  for  boxes  of  cut  Roses 
of  good  quality,  in  which  were  some  excellent  samples  of 
Madame  Alphonse  Lavallee,  a  Rose  we  do  not  remember 
to  have  observed  in  good  form  this  season. 

Mr.  T.  Bunyard,  nurseryman,  Asliford,  Kent,  showed 
a  small  collection  of  cut  Roses,  many  of  which  were  of 
fine  quality. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  received  a 
Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  for  a  very  extensive  collection 
of  Roses  in  the  cut  state,  consisting  of  varieties  raised 
by  them,  as  Grand  Mogul,  a  neaily-formed  crimson  ; 
a  seedling  from  A.  K.  Williams,  Silver  Queen,  in  the  way 
of  Captain  Christy,  but  smaller  as  seen  ;  Tea  Rose,  The 
Bride,  Lady  of  The  Lake,  flesh-coloured  ;  Horace  Paul, 
medium-sized,  bright  crimson;  and  Garden  Favourite 
and  C.  Dickens  two  good  bedding  varieties.  Baskets  of 
various  kinds  were  shown  besides  those  in  boxes. 

A  Silver  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded  to  R.  J, 
Measures,  Esq.,  Cambridtje  Lodge,  Camberwell,  for  a 
group  of  miscellaneous  Orchids,  set  up  with  Ferns, 
CaUdiums,  and  other  foils  to  flowers.  Amongst  the 
Orchids  were  several  of  the  newer  Cypripediums,  a  few 
Cattleyas,  Vandas,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  Laelia 
xanthina,  &c. 

The  permanent  exhibitions  of  Messrs.  P.  Barr  &  Sons 
and  Messrs.  Thos.  Ware.  Tottenham,  were  gay  wilh 
hardy  flowers  in  season,  the  latter  taking  ist  prize  for 
hardy  plants,  and  Messrs.  G.  Paul  the  2d.  both  com- 
peting groups  being  rich  in  rarer  kinds  of  pUnts. 

Mr.  W.  Chitty,  florist,  Stamford  Hill,  showed  a  bold 
foliaged  Coleus,  named  Prince  Albert.  The  leaves  are 
dark  purple  marked  with  crimson  and  gold. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  lS:  Co.,  Holborn,  showed  their  Silene 
pendula  compacta,  double  flowers.  It  is  showy  as  seen 
in  bunches. 

Mr.  Gordon,  Twickenham,  showed  a  few  varieties  of 
Iris  Kasmpferi,  thick  petalled  and  handsome. 

Odontoglossum  vexillarium  var.  Hollington,  came 
from  A.  J.  Hollington.  Esq.,  Forty  HiU,  Enfield. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons.  Swanley,  Kent,  showed  a 
dark,  long-tubed  variety  of  Fuchsia,  General  Roberts  ; 
yellow  Carnation,  Pride  of  Penshurst :  and  a  number  of 
bedding  Pelargoniums  with  variegated  foliage  and  semi- 
double  flowers. 

Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  Langport,  showed  a  quantity 
of  cut  blooms  of  Gaillardias,  Gladiolus  ramosus,  Prni- 
stemon,  Alstromerias,  Phloxes,  Poppies,  &c. ,  and  were 
awarded  a  Bronze  Medal. 

First-Class  Certificates. 

To  Baron  Hruby,  for  Odontoglossum  crispum  Hruby- 
anum. 

To  Mr.  Naylor,  jor  Pteris  serrulata,  "  Naylor 's 
Crested." 

To  C.  Dorman,  Esq.,  for  Odontoglossum  crispum, 
Mrs.  C.  Dorman, 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Ten-week  Stock, 
Snowflake. 

To  Mr.  W.  Bealby,  for  Pelargonium  peltatum,  Eden 
Marchi. 

To  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  for  Phaius  Humbloti, 

To  Messrs,  W.  Paul  &  Son,  for  Rose  H.P.  Grand 
Mogul. 

To  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  for  Papaver  nudicaule  miniatum. 

To  Mr.  W.  Bull,  for  Aphelandra  chrysops. 

To  Mr.  W.  Bull,  for  Impatiens  Hawkeri. 

To  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  for  Dendrobium  Williamsi- 
anum. 

To  J.  Southgate,  Esq.,  for  Oncldium  macranthum 
Southgate's  var. 

Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  T.  F.  Rivers,  Esq..  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  H.  J.  Veitch,  W.  Paul.  C.  Ross.  J.  Roberts. 
W.  Denning,  W.  Warren,  C,  Norman,  G,  Bunyard, 
T.  B.  Haywood,  J.  Burnett,  G.  T.  Miles.  P.  Crowley, 
F.  Rutland,  R.  Hogg. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hopereceived 
a  Silver  Knightian  Medal,  for  a  meritorious  exhibit  of 
Raibins,  with  and  without  stalks,  dried  Peaches,  Pears, 
Figs,  and  Quinces,  Cape  Gooseberries  in  .'yrup,  &c, 

A  large  Cockscomb-shaped  dark-coloured  Strawberry, 
Waterloo,  came  from  tne  Sicleiy's  Garden.  It  is  a 
vigorous  grower,  cropping  well,  and  is  of  fairly  good 
quality, 

Messrs.  Viccars,  Collyer  &  Co. ,  Leicester,  showed  a 
few  fruits  of  an  Ameri:m  Blackberry,  the  name  of  the 


July  17,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


87 


son  not  being  stated  ;  but  it  is  too  early  as  yet  for  these 
or  any  Blackberries,  to  be  able  lo  judge  as  to  their  merits. 

Competing  Classes  ;  Fkuits. 
The  bulk  o(  the  competitive  classes  were  on  this  occa- 
sion devoted  to  fruits,  and  an  admirable  display  resulled, 
the  quality  generally  being  exceedingly  good  —  raucli 
belter  than  at  Liverpool,  as  well  as  more  abundant. 
Three  classes  were  given  to  Grapes,  that  for  Black 
Hamburghs  bringing  eight  lots  of  three  bunches,  the 
best  very  solid,  handsome,  well-furnished  samples  coming 
Ironi  Mr.  Tavener.  gr.  to  Sir  A.  H.  Macdonald.  Wool- 
mer  Forest :  Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Harring- 
ton Elv.iston  Castle,  coming  2d,  with  admirable  bundles, 
but' wanting  rather  in  colour;  Mr.  Neighbour,  Bickley 
Paik,  having  the  three  best  medium-sized  clusters. 

In  the  cl.rss  for  any  other  black  kind.  Mr.  Goodacre 
was  aeood  I't  with  grandly  finished  Muscat  Hamburgli, 
a  highly  meritorious  sample.  Mr.  G.  T.  Mdes, 
Wycombe  Abbey  Gardens,  came  next  with  very  neat 
Gros  Maroc,  hardly  up  to  size,  but  still  excellent  ;  and 
Mr  T.  0~mar,  gr.  to  .S.  J.  Biker,  Esq.,  Chertsey,  was 
od  with  fine  Ahcantes,  full  of  bloom,  but  wanting  deeper 
colour.  Six  lots  were  shown  here,  but  only  four  lots  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandiia,  the  best,  about  half-coloured, 
coming  from  Mr.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  P.  Rose,  Rayners 
Park  Bucks  ;  whilst  Mr.  Meelh,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Sewell, 
Esq.,  Loughton,  Essex,  had  the  finest  bunches,  but  still 
green.  .  ,    . 

Pines  were  shown  in  pairs  .ind  singly,  six  lots  b;ing 
in  the  ist  class  the  best,  very  handsome  Queens  coming 
from  Mr.  Miles.  These  were  well  ripened,  and  weighed 
5  lb  2  oz.  and  4  lb.  14  oz.  respectively.  Very  good 
Queens  also  obtained  prizes  for  Mr.  Dawes,  Temple 
Newsome;  and  Mr.  H.  Morris,  gr.  to  G.  A.  Yivinn, 
Esq  ,  South  Wales.  Only  one  pair  of  Smooth  Cayenne 
was  shown.  Mr.  Miles  also  had  the  best  single  Pine  in 
a  fine  Queen,  Mr.  Dawes  again  coming  2d,  and  Mr. 
Hudson,  gr.  to  H.  J.  Atkinson,  Esq.,  M.P.,  3d. 

Peaches  were  abundant,  fourteen  dishes  being  shown, 
and  mostly  very  fine  samples.  Grosse  Mignonne  from 
Mr.  Seymour,  gr.  to  W.  R.  Winch,  Esq.,  North  Mimms, 
Halfield.  were  a  grand  sample  ;  and  Crimson  Galande, 
from  Mr.  Wallis.  Keele  Hall  Gardens,  were  both  fine 
and  richly  coloured.  Grosse  Mignonne,  a  good  sample, 
won  the  3d  prize  for  Mr.  Cakebread.  Royal  George, 
Violetle  halive,  and  Harrington  were  also  good. 

Of  Nectarines  there  were  thirteen  dishes,  the  best— a 
truly  superb  sample,  large  and  richly  coloured,  came 
from  Mr.  Roberts,  Gunnersbury  Park  Gardens  :  these 
were  Lord  Napier  ;  Mr.  Robins,  gr.  to  E.  D.  Lee,  Esq  , 
Aylesbury,  having  the  same  kind  for  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
Seymour  was  3d  «ilh  rich  coloured  Pitmaslon  Orange. 

Gunnersbury  furnished  the  best  Cherries,  Mr.  Hudson 
having  truly  superb  samples  of  Bigarreau  Napoleon  and 
Black  Circassian  ;  and  Mr.  Roberts  hardly  less  good, 
Bigarreau  Napoleon  and  Black  Tartarian,  for  ist  and 
2d  lots.  Baron  von  Schmidt,  Mayduke,  Elton,  and 
BigarreAU  were  also  shown. 

The  class  for  pairs  of  Melons  was  well  filled,  sixteen 
lots  being  staged— a  very  irregular  sample.  The  best 
were  Blenheim  Orange,  Hero  of  Lockinge,  and  Imperial 
Green-flesh,  from  Messrs.  Salter,  Streatham  ;  Pitman, 
Ingestre  Gardens.  Stafford  ;  and  W.  H.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle.  None  of  the  numerous  kinds  shown  were  of 
special  merit  as  far  as  flavour  was  concerned. 

Figs  were  good.  Brown  Turkey  being  chiefly  shown. 
Mr.  Tavener  had  very  fine  fruits  lor  the  ist  place  ; 
Mr.  Howe,  Streatham  Common,  came  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
Wallis  3d. 

Strawberries  were  admirable,  ten  pairs  of  dishes  being 
shown  in  one  class,  and  fourteen  dishes  in  the  single 
class.  Mr.  Galandroy,  gr.  to  C.  B.  Bingley,  E^q., 
Greenlord,  came  isl.  with  remarkably  good  Dr.  Hogg 
and  British  Queen  ;  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  A.  Brassey, 
Esq.,  Aylesbury,  was  2d,  with  fine  James  Veilch  and 
British  Queen  ;  Eclipse  and  President  giving  Mr. 
Seymour  3d  place. 

In  the  single  dish  cUss,  rich-coloured  British  Queen 
placed  Mr.  Robins  ist,  and  Dr.  Hogg  put  Mr. 
Seymour  2d. 

MlSCELL.\NEOUS. 

In  this  class  Mr.  Moss,  Wellfield  Park  Gardens,  put 
up  some  fairly  well  preserved  dishes  of  .Apples  and  Pears, 
Buckland  Sweetwater  Grapes,  and  a  seedling  Grape 
from  the  Black  Monukka,  which  very  closely  resembles 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  received  a  Commendation. 

Veget.veles. 
These  were  exceptionally  good  for  the  season,  and  the 
competition  in  the  class  for  eight  kinds  very  keen,  several 
old  exhibitors  being  amongst  the  competitors.  It 
was  therefore  due  to  undoubted  merit  that  Mr.  C. 
H,  Richards,  of  Somerley  Gardens,  Ringwood,  as  a 
compiralively  young  gardener,  should  have  so  ad- 
mirably taken  ist  place  with  a  faultless  collection,  which 
comprised  Early  London  Cauliflowers,  Peifection  To- 
mitos,  clean  Snowdrop  Potatos,  Telegraph  Peas,  match- 
less scarlet  Carrots,  White  Elephant  Oaions,  Globe 
.Artichokes,  and  excellent  Asparagus.  Mr.  Miles  came 
2d,  his  lot  including  Pearl  Cauliflowers,  new  Interme- 
diate Carrots,  White  Elephant  Onions,  ^'oore■s  Cream 
Marrows,  Telephone  Peas,  &c.  Mr.  Waile,  gr.  to  the 
Hon.  Col.  Talbot  Cooper,  was  3d,  with  highly  meri- 
torious things,  Duke  of  Albany  Peas  especially  being 
good.  In  other  collections  this  Pea  was  shown  exceed- 
ingly fine,  and  Leviathan  Beans  were  excellent. 

Ihe  best  dish  of  Tomatos,  fine  Trophy,  came  from 
Mr.  R.  Farrance,  Chadwell  Heath,  Essex;  a  superb  dish 
ol  Starnlordian  coming  2d,  from  Mr.  Jennings,  gr.  to  J. 
Freeman,  Esq.,  Farnborough  ;  Hackwood  Park  taking 
3d  place  for  Mr.  Ross.  Reading  Perfection,  Acme,  and 
I'rentham  Fillbasket,  were  also  good. 

Cucumbers  were  but  moderate,  only  four  brace  being 


shown,  and  none  first-class  ;  Parley  Park  Hero,  Model, 
and  Telegraph  took  prizes  in  this  order. 

Special  Phizes. 
The  chief  of  these  were  offered  by  Messrs.  James 
Carter  &  Co.,  seedsmen.  Hclborn,  for  dishes  in  fours  of 
their  fine  Peas,  Telephone,  Telegraph,  Stratagem,  and 
Pride  of  the  market.  Forly  dishes  in  ten  lots  were 
shown,  many  samples  being  very  fine.  The  prizes  fell 
ist  and  2d,  somewhat  oddly,  to  Messrs.  Marriott,  of 
Boston,  father  and  son,  whose  samples  bore  a  singular 
resemblance  in  size  and  development  ;  Mr.  Phillips. 
Meopham,  Kent,  coming  3d  ;  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Ward, 
Longford  Castle  Gardens,  4lh. 

Mr.  House,  of  Peterborough,  invited  competition  for 
single  dishes  of  his  Perlect  Marrow,  an  abrupt  podded 
kind,  rather  shorL  The  Messrs.  Marriott  here  took  ist 
and  3d  prizes,  and  Mr.  Cook,  Boston,  2d. 

There  was  moderate  compelilion  for  Messrs.  Webb  & 
Sins',  of  Wordsley,  prizes  lor  single  dishes  of  Word^lev 
Wonder  Pea,  a  rather  small  sword-shaped  kind  ;  Mr. 
Marriott  was  again  1st,  and  Mr.  Ward  2d. 

Ol  other  cohections  of  Peas,  Mr.  Mundell,  of  Moor 
Park  Gardens,  showed  several  dishes,  including  the  old 
Bunch  Pea,  erroneously  described  as  the  Egyptian 
Mummy  Pea.  Mr.  T.  Laxton,  Girtford,  had  a  good 
collection  of  his  kinds,  including  the  Ameer,  W.ilton 
Hero,  Sensation,  &c.  :  and  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  staged 
a  big  collection,  the  best  of  which  seemed  to  be  Tele- 
phone, Stratagem,  Pride  ol  the  Market,  Duke  of  Albany, 
Alfred  the  Great,  and  Prodigy.  This  collection  was 
effectively  dressed  with  bunches  of  flowers  ol  Sweet  Peas 
in  great  variety. 

Dytno:td Peuh—lAxfimt  examples  of  this  esteemed 
variety,  splendidly  coloured,  intended  to  be  staged  in 
competition  for  the  prizes  offered,  unfortunately  arrived 
too  late  (or  the  purpose.  They  were  sent  by  Mr.  Hugh 
Lynch,  gr.  to  Lord  Beaumont,  Carlton  Towers,  Selby, 
Yorkshire,  and  would,  doubiless.  had  they  been  received 
in  time,  have  stood  some  beating. 


EDINBURGH    BOTANICAL  :  July  8. 
The  Sociely  met  this  evening  in  the  class-room, 
Royal    Bo-.anic   Garden,    Professor    Dickson    in    the 
chair.    The  loUowiog  communications  weie  read  :  — 

I.  "On  the  Fertilisation  of  CypripediumcalceoUs." 
By  A.  D.  Webster,  Llandegai,  Penthyn. 

n.  "Note  on  a  Cape  Bjlbous  Plan'."  By  John 
WiUon,  St.  Andrews. 

III.  "  Account  of  a  B)tanical  Journey  lo  the  West 
African  Coast."     By  J.  Rattray,  B.Sc,  F.R.S  E. 

IV.  "On  Ihe  Occurience  ol  Floatinc;  Diatom 
Masses  on  the  West  African  Coast,  with  Microscopic 
Demonstration."     By  J.  Rattray,  B  S:..  F.R.S. E. 

V.  "Observations  on  the  Ferns  of  Canada."  By 
Professor  Liwson,  LL  D.,  Dalhousis  College,  Nova 
Scotia. 

VI.  "  Contributions  to  the  Theory  of  Variation  in 
Plants."     By  P.  Geddes,  F.R  S.E. 

VH.  "  Rc'jort  on  Temperature  and  Vegetation  at 
the  Royal  Botanic,  Edinburgh,  for  June,  1SS6."  By 
R.  Lindsay,  Curator. 

"  Duiing  the  past  month  outdoor  vegetation  gene- 
rally has  suffered  severely  from  the  great  drought 
which  prevailed.  There  were  twenty-one  diy  days 
during  the  mm'.b.  The  temperature  was  extremely 
variable.  Ou  several  days,  during  the  latter  portion 
of  the  month,  the  thermometer  reached  78°  in  the 
shade,  and  on  the  night  ol  the  z\  if  fell  as  low  a;  30  , 
or  2°  of  frost.  Other  low  readings  occurred — on  ihe 
1st,  36° ;  4th,  35° ;  27th,  3;' ;  2Sth,  36°. 

"  The  highest  morning  readings  were  :— On  the 
5ih,  60°;  7ih,  65°;  i9-h,  65';  20th,  65°;  2Sih,  6z°. 
llardy  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  prolitic 
of  bloom,  and  presented  a  rich  appearance,  although 
of  short  duration.  Conifers  have  made  fairly  good 
healthy  growths,  and  variegated  varieties  are  remark- 
ably well  coloured.  Oa  the  rock  garden  300  ipecies 
and  varieties  of  plants  came  into  bloom  during  the 
month,  making  a  total  of  753  for  the  season,  as  com- 
pared with  81S  at  the  corresponding  dale  last  year. 
The  following  were  amongst  the  most  conspicuous 
which  flowered,  viz.: — 


BATH    ROSE    SHOW  :   July  8. 

Favoured  with  beautiful  weather,  a  capital  com- 
pelilion of  excellent  Roses  in  the  twenty-five  chsses 
devoted  to  the  flowers,  and  a  good  attendance  of 
visitors,  the  Bath  Floral  Fclc  and  Bind  Committee 
had  therefore  just  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  grand 
exhibiiion  of  Roses  which  ihey  held  in  ihe 
Sydney  Gardens  ;  and  the  visitors  also  had  cause 
to  be  satisfied  with  the  excellent  arrangements 
in  connection  with  the  show,  and  the  beautiful 
gardens.  The  exhibition  on  the  present  occasion  was 
admitted  by  all  to  have  been  the  best  the  Society  has 
hitherto  had,  and  that  ihe  average  quality  of  ihe 
blooms  was  higher  than  that  of  those  staged  two  d.iys 
earlier  at  the  National  Rose  Show  in  Scuih  Ken- 
sington. It  may  be  staled  that  T.  W.  Girdleslor, 
Esq.,  gave  an  exhaustive  and  lucid  lecture  on  the 
Rose  in  the  afternoon,  and  which  was  listened  lo  by  a 
Urge  and  appreciative  audience,  among  whom  were 
many  ol  the  leading  growers  in  ihe  country. 

Nurserymen. 

Seventy-two  varieties. —There  were  four  exctl!ent 
Ids  staged,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  Colchester,  being  1st, 
with  a  very  even  fresh  lot  of  blooms,  including 
Matcchal  Niel,  Countess  of  Rosebery,  Dr.  Sewell. 
Countess  of  Oxfird,  Niphetos  (very  fine).  Star  of 
Waltham,  Reynolds  Hole,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Annie 
Laxton,  Dake  ol  Wellington,  Jean  Ducher,  Souvenir 
d'lClise  Vardon,  Xavier  Olibo,  and  Jules  Chie  ien. 
2d,  Mr.  Frank  Cant,  Colchester,  his  best  blooms 
being  Charles  Lelebvre,  Louis  van  Houlle,  Reynolds 
Hole,  and  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon.  3d,  Messrs.  G. 
Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nursery,  Cheshunt,  whose 
flowers  were  almost  equal  lo  ihe  former  lot,  showing, 
among  others,  grand  blooms  of  Souvenir  d  Elite 
Vaidon,  Niphetos,  and  Reynolds  Hole.  Messrs. 
George  Cooling  &  Sons,  ol  Bilh,  also  showed  well 
in  Ihis  class. 

Thirty-six  varieties,  three  trusses  of  each.— Mr. 
George  Prince  was  1st,  his  blooms  of  Jean  Ditcher, 
Prince  Arthur,  Alba  rose?,  and  Catherine  Mermet 
being  perfect.  Mr.  B.  U.  Cant  was  a  veiy  close  2d, 
and  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  of  Salisbury. 
a  good  3d.     Six  lots  were  staged. 

Eighteen  varieties.  — isl,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford 
&  Co.,  Devon  Nurseries,  Torquay  ;  and  2.1,  Messrs. 
lohn  lefTeries  &  Son,  Cirencester.  There  were  only 
two  stands  put  up  in  this  class.  Baih  showed  well,  the 
former  having  good  blooms  of  Reynolds  Hole, 
Ulrich  Brunner,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Abel  Grand, 
and  FranijOise  Michelon. 

There  were  five  stands  of  thirly-six  varieties  (not 
open  to  exhibitors  in  class  2  for  a  like  number  of 
varieties)  put  up,  the  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co  , 
being  again  to  the  front  with  a  good  even  fresh  lot 
of  blooms  — Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Jean  Ducher, 
Ulrich  Brunner,  and  Madame  Hippolyte  Jamin  being 
the  finest  examples.  2 1,  Messrs.  Jtfferies  &  Son; 
and  3J,  Mr.  Mattock,  ol  Oxford,  all  showinj  well. 

Six  good  stands  of  eighteen  Teas  or  Noisettes, 
distinct,  were  staged.  — I.t,  Mr.  G.  Prince;  2d,  Mr. 
Frank  Cant  ;  and  3-!,  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant— Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,  Rubens,  Maiechil  Niel,  Souvenir  de  Paul 
Neron,  Jean  Ducher,  and  Madame  de  Watleville 
being  very  telling  in  the  1st  prize  stand. 


Anemone  palniata 

Meconopiis  nepaleiisi^ 

A'.drosace        lanuginosa 

Mul^ediuni  aJp  num 

Leichtlini 

Myosolis  aus  ralis 

Campanu'a  ablctina 

,.     azorici 

..    bar-.ata 

Ononis  rotundifolia 

Calceolaria  Kellyana 

Onosma  taurica 

Calhcartia  villosa 

Orchi.foUosa 

Calochorius  cueriileus 

,,    maculiEa  superba 

Chamsebatia  ioiiolosa 

Fetrocopii  Lagascana 

Coronilla  iberica 

Poientilla  criocarpa 

Cro-spedia  Richea 

Primula  farinosa 

Chrysobactron  Hookeri 

„     mollis 

Cli.uonia  Andrewsiana 

,.     Parrj-i 

Dianthus  alpinus 

Ramondia  pyrenaica 

. .     serbica 

„     cinnabari^us 

RUododer.dron  ferrugi 

album 

„     siiperbus 

,,     lepidotum 

Erod  urn  Munescavi 

S.ixifra^a  pyramidalis 

Entjeron  aurantiacus 

Sedum  Hookerianum 

Gaillardia  maxima 

Silene  maritima  picno 

riiobiilaria  cordifolia 

?pira;a  pro^uiiibe  s 

Hoiistonia  strpyllifolia 

\';Lncouveria  he.xandi-a 

Hypoxis  erecta 

\'eronica  Colensoi 

L'num  acuminatum 

,.     Giithriana 

Linnaea  borealis 

„     Lyalhi 

Linaria  pallida 

\  icia  WllQsa 

Amateurs. 

The  seven  classes  for  amateurs  brought  out  a  capital 
compelilion,  the  Rev.  J.  II.  Pemberion,  Havering, 
Reigate,  taking  Ist  prize  wiih  thiny-six  varieties, 
single  trusses,  of  excelljnt  quality  ;  the  blooms  being 
full,  fresh,  and  even.  These  included  Madame  Gabriel 
Luizel,  Madame  Victor  Vetdier,  C.  Bernaidin,  A.  K. 
Williams,  A.  Colomb,  and  Beile  Lyonnaise.  2J,  W. 
J.  Grant,  Esq,,  Hereford,  in  whose  stand  the  y<ix- 
plish-crimson  Abel  Carriere  was  veiy  much  admired. 
3d,  T.  W.  Girdleston,  E,q. 

Four  stands  ol  twenty-four  varieties,  single  trusses, 
were  staged.- 1st,  Captain  Chiisiy,  Sidmouih,  with  a 
capital  lot  of  blooms,  including  A.  K.  Williams,  Li 
France,  Marie  Finger,  Marie  Rady,  and  the  dtlicale 
flcsh-coloured  variety  named  after  the  exhibior  him- 
self. 2d,  Mr.  W.  Narroway,  Oxford,  and  3!,  Rev. 
C.  C.  Layard,  all  showing  well. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  trebles,  distinct,  five  lots 
were  put  up.  1st,  W.  T.  Grant,  Esq.,  showing  excel- 
lent blooms  ol  Mjdame  G.  Luizei,  Souvenir  d'£li=e 
Vardon,  Fisher  Holmes,  La  France,  and  A.  K. 
Williams.  2d,  Thomas  B  Hall,  Esq.,  Rockfarry, 
whose  flowers  ran  the  others  very  closely.  3d, 
T.  W.  Girdleston,  E:q.,  with  a  good  bt  of  blooms. 

In  the  following  class  for  six  varieties,  three  trusses 
of  each,  W.  Narroway,  Esq.,  was  Ist;  2d,  Caulain 
Christy  ;  3d,  P.  Grubb,  Eq.,  ol  Warminster.  There 
were  only  three  exhibitors  in  this  class,  and  they  all 
showed  well  alike. 

Four  competitors  put  in  an  appearance  for  the 
prizss  offered  for  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct, 
single  trusses  of  each,  and  here  tlie  Rev.  J.  H. 
Pemberton  secured  first  place  wiih  capital  blooms 
of  Jules  Finger,  Catherine  Mermet,  Souvenir  d'Elise 
Vardon,  Madame  Btavy,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Madame 
H,  lamin,  Hon,  Edith  Giffatd,  eS:c.;   Mt.  W.  Grant 


88 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


{July  17,  i886, 


and  Captain  Christy  being  a  good  2d  and  3d  in  that 
order. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  six  varieties  seven 
lots  were  put  up.  J.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  was  a  good  1st, 
his  Princess  of  Wales  and  Marie  van  Houlte  being 
very  good  ;  W.  Narroway,  Esq.,  was  2d  j  and  W.  J. 
Grant,  Esq.,  was  3d  ;  all  showing  creditable  blooms. 

Open  Classes. 

Fourteen  stands  of  twelve  single  trusses  of  any 
Rose  were  put  up. — 1st,  Messrs,  Keynes,  Williams 
&  Co,  with  twelve  superb  blooms  of  Reynolds  Hole  ; 
ad,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  with  Ulrich 
Brunner ;  and  3d,  Mr.  F.  Cant,  with  Mans.  Noman, 
The  last  named  exhibitor  was  1st  for  a  like  number 
of  fine  blooms  of  Mar&hal  Niel  ;  2d,  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant,  with  the  same  variety  ;  3d,  W.  T.  Grant,  Esq., 
with  Marie  van  Houtte.  Each  exhibitor  in  this 
class  got  placed. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  of  any  crimson 
Roses  six  stands  were  put  up,  the  1st  prize  going  to  Mr, 
George  Pince,  with  Reynolds  Hole ;  2d,  Messrs, 
Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  with  Xavier  Olibo  in  fine 
form  ;  and  the  3d  to  Messrs,  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co., 
with  Marie  Baumann. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  twelve  blooms  of 
La  France  there  were  seven  claimants  for  honours, 
all  showing  good  blooms.  1st,  W.  J.  Grant,  Esq.; 
2d,  Mr.  F.  Cant ;  and  3d,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford 
&Co. 

The  prizes  offered  for  six  trusses  of  any  new  Rose 
of  1884  or  1885  brought  up  three  exhibitors,  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant  securing  1st  prize  with  six  perfect  blooms 
of  Madame  Watteville  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford 
&  Co.,  with  Benoit  Comte  ;  Messrs.  George  Cooling 
&  Son  being  a  good  3d,  with  Alphonse  Soupert. 

Local  Prizes  (Amatkdrs). 

S.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  secured  the  1st  prize  and  the 
National  Rose  Society's  Gold  Medal  for  a  stand  of 
twenty-four  varieties,  single  trusses  ;  his  best  blooms 
were  Frioce  Arthur,  Camille  Bernardin,  and  Xavier 
Olibo  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Jolly. 

The  Rev.  G.  E.  Gardiner  had  the  best  stand  of 
twelve  distinct  varieties,  Mr.  J.  S.  Pope  the  2d  best, 
and  Mr.  H.  J.  Walker  the  3d  best. 

S.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  had  the  best  stand  of  Teas,  nine 
varieties.  Princess  of  Wales  being  very  good  in  this 
stand  ;  2d,  Mr.    F.  Clerk  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  J.  Walker. 

Bouquets  of  Roses  for  the  hand  (open).  —  1st,  Mr. 
John  Mattock  ;  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons  being  a  close 
2d,  with  a  good  arrangement  of  small  neat  blooms  in 
variety. 

The  National  Rose  Society's  Silver  Medals. 
Two  of  the  National  Rose  Society's  Silver  Medals 
were  awarded  to  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Pembcrton  and  Mr. 
Frank  Cant,  the  former  for  the  best  hybrid  perpetual, 
and  the  latter  for  the  best  Tea  or  Noisette  Rose 
(Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon)  in  the  show. 


EALING,    ACTON,    and    HANWELL: 

July  7. 

Held  in  the  fine  pleasure-grounds  of  E.  M. 
Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger  Hill,  Ealing,  in  beautiful 
weather,  the  exhibition  was  a  great  success,  excelling 
all  previous  ones  in  extent — this,  too,  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  the  Richmond  show  was  somewhat  perversely 
put  back  a  week,  thus  taking  the  customary  Ealing 
date.  Not  only  were  five  huge  tents  entirely  filled 
with  exhibits,  but  the  entries  were  in  excess  of  any 
previous  year's.  It  is  worthy  of  record  that  in  this 
locality,  where  cottage  gardens  and  allotments  are  so 
warmly  encouraged,  not  only  are  twenty-six  prizes 
awarded  for  the  best  of  these,  but  that  also  some 
twenty-eight  classes  for  cottagers  at  the  show,  and 
these  brought  no  fewer  than  473  entries,  and  of 
vegetables  and  fruits  alone  no  less  than  743  distinct 
dishes.  A  finer  display  of  cottagers'  produce  cannot 
be  seen  at  any  similar  exhibition. 

Decorative  groups  lormed  a  feature  —  one  from 
Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons,  Hammersmith,  quite 
excelling  all  that  excellent  firm's  previous  efforts.  It 
was  not  less  than  60  feet  in  length  and  proportionately 
broad,  and  was  throughout  edged  with  nice  plants  of 
the  Bambusa  Fortunei  variegata,  alternated  with 
small  Araucaria  excelsa,  and  behind  comprised  of 
large  numbers  of  pot  Roses,  Hydrangea  paniculata, 
Spiraea  palmata,  &c.,  in  bloom  ;  and  Palms,  Yuccas, 
standard  Euonymuses,  Ivies,  &c.,  in  great  variety, 
Messrs.  Fromow  &  Sons,  Chiswick,  sent  a  neat 
group. 

From  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  the  Messrs.  Rothschild, 
Gunnersbury  Park,  came  a  choice  lot  of  plants,  in- 
cluding some  good  Orchids,  all  admirably  set  up  in  a 
carpet  of  foliage  plants. 

Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger 
Hill,  occupied  the  centre  of  one  tent  with  a  massive 
group  of  conservatory  plants,  which  was  of  a  very 
effective  character  ;  and  Mr.  Hudson,  gr.  to  H.  J. 
Atkinson,  Esq.,  M.  P.,  Gunnersbury  House,  also  bad 
a  pleasing  group  of  elegant  foliage  plants  in  great 
variety. 


Mr.  Chadwick  was  the  fortunate  winner  of  the  ist 
prize  for  the  best-arranged  large  group  of  plants,  one 
of  a  very  pleasing  kind,  in  which  Liliums,  Gloxinias, 
and  the  striking  Pancratiums,  told  with  good  effect, 
a  margin  of  Caladium  Bellemyi  and  Selaginella 
greatly  aiding.  Mr.  A.  Wright,  Chiswick,  was  2d, 
some  good  pink  Hydrangeas  lending  colour.  Mr. 
Hudson  was  3d,  with  a  pretty  but  rather  thin  group  j 
and  Mr.  Fountain,  gr.  to  Miss  Wood,  Hanger 
Hill,  4th. 

Ferns  are  always  good  here,  the  best  six  coming 
from  Mr.  Fountain,  who  had  good  Davallia  Moore- 
ana,  Dicksonia  antarctica,  fine  Adiantums  in  variety. 
Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to  T.  Nye,  Esq.,  Ealing,  had  excel- 
lent Davallia  elegans,  Blecbnum  brasiliense,  &c.  Mr. 
Davis,  gr.  to  H.  G,  Lake,  Esq.,  Chiswick,  had  the 
best  four  Ferns,  and  the  same  exhibitor  was  Ist  for 
six  foliage  plants. 

Mr.  Smith  had  the  best  four  Caladiums,  medium- 
sized,  but  well  done,  Mr,  Fountaine  coming  2d. 

Very  fine  pyramid  Fuchsias,  full  of  growth  and 
bloom,  came  from  Mr.  Smith.  Mr.  Wright,  gr.  to 
S.  Greenfield,  Esq.,  Hanwell,  was  2d  with  very 
good  plants,  Mr.  Davis  had  the  best  zonal  Pelar- 
goniums, good  compact  plants.  The  finest  plants  of 
Coleus,  huge  bush  forms  of  Baroness  Rothschild, 
Mrs.  Simpson,  Ada  Sentance.  The  best  Begonias,  in 
bloom,  came  from  Mr.  Sutton,  gr.  to  Mrs.  William- 
son, Ealing,  and  Mr,  Fountaine  had  the  2d  best.  A 
remarkable  feature  was  found  in  the  six  huge 
pyramids  of  mosses  sent  by  Mr.  Wright,  of  Chiswick  ; 
each  grew  2^  to  3  feet  high,  and  proportionately 
broad.  They  were  admirably  done,  and  comprised 
Selaginella  Martensi,  M.  stolonifera,  M.  variegata, 
uncinata,  Kraussiana,  and  K.  variegata. 

Cut  Roses. 
The  open  class  for  twenty-four  trebles  was  not 
so  well  filled  as  on  previous  occasions,  doubtless 
owing  to  the  great  heat  which  prevailed.  Mr.  C 
Turner  found  it  an  easy  task  to  win  the  1st  prize  ; 
and  Mr.  Rumsey,  Watham  Cross,  came  2d.  The 
kinds  shown  were  those  so  often  recapitulated,  Mr. 
Turner's  blooms  being  excellent.  This  exhibitor  also 
took  ithe  1st  prize  for  twelve  Teas  in  the  popular 
kinds ;  Mr.  Elliot,  gr,  to  Joseph  Moore,  Esq., 
Ealing,  and  Mr.  Langdon,  Ealing,  following  with 
excellent  blooms.  In  another  class  Mr.  Langdon 
was  a  good  Ist  with  admirable  fresh  blooms.  Mr. 
Sutton  had  the  best  box  of  stove  Pelargoniums.  Mr, 
Fulford,  gr.  to  J.  Boosey,  Esq.,  Acton,  the  best  cut 
Gloxinias ;  and  Mr.  Wright  the  best  box  of  zonal 
Pelargoniums. 

Good  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers  came  from  Mr. 
Stevens,  gr.  to  F.  Tautz,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  Chadwick, 
who  also  had  the  best  hardy  flowers.  These, 
with  the  plants,  are  but  a  few  mentioned  from  many, 
for  full  details  of  the  exhibits  would  be  impossible. 

A  handsome  wedding  bouquet  from  Mr.  J.  Morris, 
Acton,  took  Ist  prize  in  one  class,  and  Mrs.  G.  Wee- 
don,  Ealing,  had  the  best  bouquet  of  Roses.  In  the 
chief  class  for  dinner-table  stands,  Mrs.  Hudson, 
Gunnersbury,  won  a  silver  salver  with  arrangements 
hardly  up  to  her  usual  form.  Mrs.  Chadwick,  Hanger 
Hill,  came  2d,  and  Miss  Dean,  3d,  with  very  pleasing 
stands,  Floral  baskets  were  numerous  and  pretty, 
one  composed  of  orange-scarlet  Begonias,  with  foliage 
was  much  admired.  Mrs.  H.  B.  Smith,  Ealing,  had 
two  superb  bouquets,  one  having  a  base  of  Lilium 
lancifolium  rubrum,  dressed  with  single  flowers  of 
Odontoglossum  Alexandrse,  and  the  other  of  white, 
scarlet  and  rose  Carnations ;  also  some  beautiful 
sprays  for  ladies  adornment.  From  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 
&  Sons,  and  C.  Lee  &  Sons,  came  fine  collections  of 
cut  Roses. 

Fruit  and  vegetables  were  abundant  and  excellent. 
Mr.  Lockie,  gr.  to  Lord  Otho  Fitzgerald,  Oakley 
Court,  Windsor,  staged  some  fine  Melons,  Beauty  of 
Windsor  being  of  such  splendid  quality  as  readily  to 
secure  a  Certificate  of  Merit.  Of  Grapes,  Mr,  Wil- 
son had  the  best  blacks  in  fine  Hamburghs ;  Mr. 
Baird,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Daw,  Esq.,  Ealing,  having  good 
Madresfield  Court.  Mr.  Smith  bad  in  white  kinds 
good  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  Mr.  Baird,  Foster's 
Seedling.  This  latter  exhibitor  had  the  best  collec- 
tion of  fruits.  The  best  Strawberries  came  from  Mr. 
Galandring,  gr.  to  B.  Bingley,  Esq.,  Greenford, 
whose  dishes  of  Jas.  Veitch  and  Sir  J.  Faxton  were 
grand.  Mr.  Wilson  took  1st  prize  for  vegetables 
with  an  admirable  collection. 


Jean  Ducher,  Reynolds  Hole,  Marie  Finger,  Charles 
Lefebvre,  Madame  Emma  Hall,  Abel  Carriere,  Comte 
Raimbaud,  Baroness  Rothschild,  Dr.  Sewell,  Sou- 
venir de  Madame  Alfred  Vy,  Mons.  Noman,  Prince 
Arthur,  Madame  Geo.  Schwartz.  Marie  Baumann, 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  Duke  of  Teck,  Marquise  de 
Castellane,  Star  of  Waltham,  Pride  of  Waltham, 
Madame  A.  Dumesnil,  Duchesse  de  Valombrosa, 
Horace  Vernet,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Henri  Ledechaux, 
Madame  Bravy,  Jean  Lamy,  Souvenir  d'Elise 
Vardon,  Thomas  Mills,  Caroline  Kuster,  Etienne 
Levet,  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Fran9oise  Michelon,  Innocenta  Pirola,  General  Jac- 
queminot, A.  K.  Williams,  Constantine  Tretia- 
koff,  a  beautiful  cerise-red  Rose ;  Lord  Macaulay, 
&c.  The  foregoing  may  be  taken  as  a  good 
selection  of  cut  Roses  for  show  purposes.  2d,  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant,  nurseryman,  Colchester,  with  a  fine  lot 
of  blooms,  a  few  of  the  most  striking  being  Comtesse 
d'Oxford,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  Louis  van  Houtte, 
Reynolds  Hole,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Jules  Chretien, 
bright  crimson-red,  large  and  full ;  Queen  of  Queens, 
very  fine  ;  Charles  Lefebvre,  A.  K.  Williams,  Sou- 
venir d'Elise  Vardon,  Marie  Baumann,  Etienne  Levet, 
Ulrich  Brunner.  A  fine  stand,  shown  by  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son,  Cheshunt,  should  have  been  placed  3d,  but  a 
collection  from  Mr.  W.  Rumsey,  Waltham  Cross, 
was  preferred  to  it,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  receiving  an 
extra  prize.  A  good  collection  from  Mr,  F.  Cant, 
Colchester,  had  to  be  disqualified  through  containing 
two  blooms  of  Madame  de  Watteville. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant  was  placed  1st,  with  a  good  lot,  comprising 
Horace  Vernet,  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Duchesse  de 
Morny,  Comtesse  d'Oxford,  Alfred  Colomb,  Le  Havre, 
Madame  de  Watteville  (the  Colchester  soil  appears  to 
bring  out  this  Tea-scented  variety  in  fine  character), 
Mai^chal  Niel,  Madame  Eugene  Verdier,  A.  K, 
Williams,  &c.;  2d,  R.  E.  West,  Esq.,  Reigate  j  3d, 
T.  W.  Girdleston,  Esq.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that 
the  amateurs  were  more  than  equal  to  some  of  the 
most  noted  trade  growers. 

The  best  twelve  Teas  and  Noisettes  came  from  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant,  who  had  remarkably  fine  flowers  o( 
Catherine  Mermet,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Comtesse 
de  Nadaillac,  Mat^chal  Niel,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami, 
Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madame  de  Watteville ;  2d,  Mr  F. 
Cant,  with  a  remarkably  good  lot  also  ;  3d,  Messrs. 
Geo.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone. 

T.  W.  Girdleston,  Esq.,  had  the  best  six  trusses 
of  any  one  variety,  staging  fine  Marie  Baumann ;  2d, 
Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  with  Ulrich  Brunner ;  3d,  Mr. 
F.  Cant,  with  Mar^chal  Niel.  Several  fine  lots  were 
exhibited  in  this  class. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  prizes  many  others 
were  offered  for  the  encouragement  of  amateur  Rose 
culture,  and  some  very  good  flowers  were  staged  in 
the  classes.  Mrs.  Fuller,  of  Bexley,  had  the  best 
twenty-four,  and  also  the  best  twelve  ;  Mr.  G.  T. 
Ongley,  of  Eltham,  being  2d  in  both  classes.  Mr.  E. 
A.  Lockbart,  Sidcup,  had  the  best  six  j  Mr.  S. 
Hodgkinson,  Sidcup,  being  2d.  Mr.  Ongley  had  the 
best  six.  Tea-scented  varieties,  Mrs.  Fuller  being  2d. 
Special  prizes  were  offered  by  several  of  the  trade 
growers  :  thus  Messrs.  Geo.  Bunyard  &  Son  offered 
prizes  for  twenty-four  Roses,  twelve  H.P.'s  and  twelve 
Tea-scented,  Mr.  G.  T.  Ongley  being  Ist  ;  Mr.  W. 
Rumsey,  Waltham  Cross,  offered  prizes  for  the  best 
twelve  Roses,  and  Mr.  Ongley  again  beat  all  the 
competitors.  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant's  special  prize  for 
eighteen  blooms  went  to  Mr.  Fuller  of  Bexley. 
Sidcup  and  Bexley  grow  good  Roses,  for  Straw- 
berries and  other  fruits  are  largely  grown  there, 
and  what  uits  the  latter,  appears  to  do  well  for 
Roses  also. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  go  into  detail  in  reference  to 
the  many  classes  in  the  schedule  for  plants,  flowers, 
&c.,  but  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  Silver  Medal 
of  the  Society  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Thomas  Crasp, 
gr.  to  Earl  Sydney,  Frognal,  Foot's  Cray,  for  a  group 
of  plants,  including  some  admirable  pot  Vines  ;  while 
a  fine  group  of  fruit  trees  in  pots  from  Messrs.  Thomas 
Rivers  &  Son,  Sawbridgeworth,  consisting  of  Vines, 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  Cherries,  Apples,  Plums,  Figs, 
&c. ;  a  large  and  showy  group  of  plants  from  Mr.  B.  S, 
Williams,  Victoria  Nurseries,  Holloway ;  one  from 
Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Son,  nurserymen,  Forest  Hill, 
including  some  fine  Begonias  ;  and  one  from  Messrs. 
James  Carter  &  Co.,  Holborn  and  Forest  Hill,  con- 
taining among  other  things  some  excellent  Stocks 
growing  in  pots,  were  highly  commended. 


SIDCUP  HORTICULTURAL  :  July  10. 

The  leading  feature  of  this  exhibition  was  Roses, 
and  for  a  suburban  district  it  had  a  Rose  show  of 
extraordinary  dimensions  and  of  unusual  interest. 
Prizes  were  offered  in  four  classes,  open  to  all-comers, 
and  in  that  for  forty-eight  varieties,  single  trusses, 
eight  lots  competed,  the  exhibitors  representing  some 
of  the  leading  trade  and  amateur  growers  of  the  day. 
The  Ist  prize  was  awarded  to  T.  W.  Girdleston, 
Esq.,  Sunningdale,  who  set  up  a  magnificent  lot  of 
blooms — as  good  a  lot  as  we  are  likely  to  look  upon 
this  season,  comprising  Crown  Prince,  Victor  Verdier, 


AYLESBURY    FLORAL    AND    HORTI- 
CULTURAL  :  July  8. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  took  place, 
as  usual,  in  the  Corn  Exchange  and  Meat  Market,  in 
the  centre  of  the  town  ;  and,  though  the  buildings 
do  not  show  off  the  exhibits  to  the  same  advantage 
as  tents,  they  were  certainly  cooler,  besides  being  so 
central.  It  was  an  exhibition  decidedly  in  advance 
of  that  of  last  year,  and,  large  as  the  buildings  are, 
they  were  scarcely  roomy  enough  to  take  all  the 
exhibits  sent  for  competition. 


July  17,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


89 


Groups  of  Plants 
were  a  good  feature,  and  were  found  round  the  sides 
of  the  Corn  Exchange,  tables  being  placed  down  the 
centre.  Lord  Rothschild's  special  prize  was  awarded  tcf 
Mr.  Alfred  Bradshaw,  gr.  to  Baron  F.  de  Rothschild, 
Waddesdon,  Aylesbury,  for  a  bold  group,  consisting 
of  specimen  Palms,  Croton?,  Orchids,  Caladiums, 
Ferns,  including  some  fine  Todea  superba,  &c. 

In  competition  for  the  special  prizes  given  by  the 
President,  Alfred  de  Rothschild,  Esq.,  for  the  best 
collection  of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  Mr.  Gibbs, 
gr.  to  Miss  Alice  de  Rothschild,  Eythorp,  Aylesbury, 
was  placed  1st,  having  a  fine  group,  comprising 
Orchids  in  variety  and  other  flowering  plants  mingled 
with  Palms,  Ferns,  &c.  ;  Mr.  Shrimpton,  gr.  to  Lady 
de  Rothschild,  Aston  Clinton,  Tring,  was  2d,  also 
with  a  good  collection. 

Baron  F.  de  Rothschild  offered  special  prizes  for 
the  largest  and  best  collection  of  plants,  the  1st  prize 
going  to  Mr.  Gibbs  ;  Messrs.  Ingram  &  Whitfield, 
florists,  Aylesbury,  being  2d.  The  competition  in 
the  foregoing  class  was  very  great. 

There  was  a  class  for  the  best  general  collection  of 
plants,  flowers,  and  fruit ;  and  Mr.  Robins,  gr.  to  E. 
D.  Lee,  Esq.,  Hartwell,  Aylesbury,  was  1st,  fruit 
being  a  strong  point  ;  Mr.  Maggs,  gr.  to  C.  Threlfall, 
Esq.,  Aylesbury,  2d, 

Ferns. 

Mr.  Shrimpton  staged  the  best  six  plants,  putting 
up  good  specimens  of  Dicksonia  antarcltca,  Blechnura 
brasiliense,  Adiantum  formosum,  A.  Farleyense,  A. 
cuneatum,  and  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Heal,  gr.  to  H.  Cazenove,  Esq.,  Aylesbury.  Mrs. 
Gunn,  Aylesbury,  had  the  best  three  varieties  ;  H. 
Gurney,  Esq.,  Aylesbury,  being  2d  ;  the  latter  staged 
the  best  three  Mosses. 

Begonias. 

Some  excellent  tuberous-rooted  Begonias  were 
shown  by  Mr.  Wheeler,  gr.  to  F.  Parrott,  Esq., 
Aylesbury,  and  no  one  visiting  country  shows  can 
help  being  struck  with  the  marked  improvement 
in  the  culture  of  these  during  the  past  few  years.  Mr. 
H.  Cazenove  was  2d. 

There  were  other  classes  for  plants,  but  those 
mentioned  were  the  leading  features  in  the  plant 
classes. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  a  leading  feature,  and  a  special  prize 
for  twenty-four  blooms  brought  a  good  competition  : 
Mr.  J.  Walker,  nurseryman,  Thame,  being  1st,  with 
fine  blooms  ol  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Reynolds  Hole, 
Comtesse  d'Oxford,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Mdlle.  Bon- 
naire,  Senatcur  Vaisse,  Prince  Camille  de  Rohan, 
Marie  Van  Houtte,  Marechal  Niel,  iStc.  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Gibbs.  Mr.  11.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  P.  Rose,  Bart., 
Rayners  Peno,  had  the  best  thirty-six  varieties,  Mr. 
Robins  being  2d.  In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties,  Mr. 
T.  Anstiss,  Brill,  Bucks,  was  1st  ;  and  Mr.  C.  A. 
Lippincott,  2d.  There  were  prizes  for  collections  of 
cut  flowers,  for  florist  flowers  in  six  varieties — Carna- 
tions and  Picotees,  &c.,  but  the  classes  contained 
nothing  worthy  of  special  notice. 

The  best  three  pieces  for  table  decoration  came 
from  T.  B.  Barnett,  Esq.,  Aylesbury  (Mr.  While, 
gr.),  made  up  mainly  with  varieties  of  Centaurea 
minor,  and  very  pretty  thev  were  :  Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  Wootton,  Bucks,  was  2d. 

Fruit 
was  fairly  well  represented.  The  only  exhibitor 
of  twelve  dishes  in  competition  for  the  special 
prize  given  by  Leopold  de  Rothschild,  Esq.,  was  Mr. 
Robins,  who  had  Black  Prince  and  Foster's  Seedling 
Grapes,  Grosse  Mignonne,  and  Early  York  Peaches  ; 
Lord  Napier  and  Violet  Hative  Nectarines,  Figs, 
Strawberries,  Melon,  &c.  In  the  class  for  two 
bunches  ol  Grapes,  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  gr.  to  Lord 
Carington,  Wycombe  Abbey,  was  1st,  with  fine 
examples  of  Gros  Maroc  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria. 
Mr.  Cakebread  being  2d  with  excellent  Black  Ham- 
burgh, and  Foster's  Seedling.  Mr.  Morton,  gr.  to 
H.  A.  P.  Cooper,  Esq.,  Aylesbury,  had  the  best 
three  dishes  of  Strawberries,  staging  good  fruits  of 
Amateur,  President  and  James  Veitcb.  Mr.  Cazenove 
had  the  best  two  dishes,  staging  Empress  Eugenie 
and  President.  Mr.  Cakebread  had  the  best  dish  of 
Peaches  in  Belle  Bauce,  a  very  fine  half-dozen  indeed. 
Mr.  Robins  being  2d. 

Vegetables 
were  extensively  and  finely  shown,  and  filled  a  con- 
siderable space  of  tabling.  Excellent  specimens  of 
these  are  grown  about  Aylesbury,  but  the  drought  is 
being  felt  there,  and  rain  is  urgently  needed,  especi- 
ally by  the  main  crops  of  Potatos. 


STATE  OP  THE  WEATHER  AT  FLACKHEATH,  LONDON, 
For  thk  Wekk  ending  Wednesday,  July  14,  1886. 


Hygrome- 

tncal    De- 

Bmomitie. 

Teupkraturb  of 
THE  Ala. 

ductions 

!; 

Tables  7tli 

i 

i 

1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  ot 
18  years. 

X 

t 

h 

1* 

a 

i 

If 

Si 
si 

July 

IlL 

In. 

^ 

•  1  ■■ 

„ 

In. 

8 

3965 

—0.1667.5 

59  0 

8  s'ei.S 

-  0.2 

49  6 

65 

N.NW. 

o.oo 

, 

39.86 

-f  0.05  63.5 

Si.o 

■"•SS6.4 

—  S7 

47. 7 

73{ 

S.S.W.  : 
N.NW. 

0.00 

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-t-o.i8  66.2  480 

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-  4648.8 

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S.S.W. 

0.00 

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+0.1772-849.0 

»3  861.0-   I.3J49.6 

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W.  ; 

w.  sw. 

0.00 

" 

S9.79  — O03'66.s[s7,s 

9  060.3-  2-IS9.1 

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s.w. 

0.24 

13 

*>73  -<»09  73o'49  0 

240593-  3352  3 

78 

s.w. 

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»933  —04969.833  0 

16.8594—  3.247.8 

70 

s.w.  : 

w.s  w. 

0.32 

■ 

~~ 





^— 

Mean 

J976  — ao5  68.5lsa.4 

16.159,4-  3.950-7 

74{ 

able. 

0.72 

July    8. — Fine  day,  overcast  s 

—  9.  — Fine,  occasionally  c 

—  lo.-Dull. 

—  II.— Fine  day. 

—  12.— Rain  in  early  morning,  and  all  the  afternoon. 

—  13. — Rain  in   early  morning;   fine  day;  rain  betwe 

II  r.M.  and  midnight. 

—  14. — Fine  and   bright  in   early  morning,  and  at  tim 

during  the  day;  heavy  rain  from  8.45  a.m. 
9  A.M.     Strong  wind. 


TsUGA  SiEBOLDi.— A  fine  specimen  of  this  was 
shown  at  Liverpool  by  Messrs.  Barron,  of  Borrowash. 
It  is  like  the  common  Hemlock  Spruce,  but  has 
bolder  foliage,  and  is  hardier,  starting  in  spring  some 
two  or  three  weeks  after  the  variety  nana. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
weekending  July  10,  the  reading  of  the  barometer  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.30  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.34  inches  by  9  a.m. 
on  the  4th,  decreased  to  30.26  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
the  same  day,  increased  to  30.29  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  sth,  decreased  to  29.80  inches  by  9  a.m.  on 
the  8th,  increased  to  30.19  inches  by  9  a.m.  on  the 
loth,  and  was  30.18  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
was  30.09  inches,  being  0.17  inch  lower  than  last 
week,  and  o.  10  inch  below  the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  86°. 8  on  the  7th;  on  the  9th 
the  highest  temperature  was  63°.  5.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  76°.S. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  48°.o,  on  the  loth  ; 
on  the  sth,  the  lowest  temperature  was  6i°.o.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  56°.  2. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
29''.2,  on  the  6th  ;  on  the  Sih  the  smallest,  was 
8°.  5.     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  20°.  3. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  4th,  7i°.7  ;  on 
the  5th,  7i°.o  ;  on  the  6th,  69°.2  ;  on  the  7th,  69°.3  ; 
on  the  Sth,  6i°.8  ;  on  the  9th,  56^.4  ;  and  on  the 
loth,  57°. 6  ;  of  these  the  first  four  were  above  their 
averages  by  io°.4,  9°.$,  7°.6,  and,  7°.5  respectively, 
and  the  rest  were  below  by  o°.2,  5°.  7,  and  4°.  6 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  65^.3, 
being  i°.9  higher  than  last  week,  and  3°.5  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
eed  bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  139°.  5  on  the  Sth.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  1 22°.  8. 

Rain. — No  rain  fell  during  the  week. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  10,  the  highest  temperatures  were  88°.o  at 
Cambridge,  86°.8  at  Blackheatb,  83°.5  at  Notting- 
ham ;  the  highest  at  Newcastle  was  70''.o,  at  Liverpool, 
72"'.o,  at  Bradford,  78°.6.  The  general  mean  was 
So°.9. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  40''.o  at  Sheffield, 
4i°.6  at  Wolverhampton,  43'  at  Truro;  the  lowest 
at  Brighton  was  52°,  at  Liverpool  5o°.7,  at  Preston, 
50°.    The  general  mean  was  46°.  i. 


The  greatest  ranges  were  44".  2  at  Cambridge, 
43°  at  Sheffield,  40°. 2  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  least 
ranges  were  21°. 3  at  Liverpool,  23°  at  New- 
castle, 26°. o  at  Brighton.  The  general  mean  was 
34°.  8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  77'.4,  at  Blackheatb  76°.s,  at 
Plymouth  75". o  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Newcastle  65". 5, 
at  Liverpool,  65°.  7,  at  Preston  69°.  9.  The  general 
mean  was  72".  3. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton  56°.  5,  at  Blackheatb  56°.  2,  at 
Plymouth  S5°.o,  and  was  lowest  at  Sheffield  48°.o,  at 
Wolverhampton  5o'*.2,  at  Cambridge  Sl''.2.  The 
general  mean  was  53°.  I. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge 
26°.2,  at  Wolverhampton  22°.9,  at  Sheffield  22°.6, 
and  was  lowest  at  Liverpool  11°.  9,  at  Newcastle 
I4°.2,  at  Preston  15°.     The  general  mean  was  I9°.2, 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheatb 
65°.3,  at  Plymouth  and  Brighton  63°.!,  and  was 
lowest  at  Newcastle  56°.5,  at  Sheffield  S7°.4,  and 
at  Liverpool  57°.9.     The  general  mean  was  6o°.8. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  0.14  inch  at  Not- 
tingham, 0.1 1  inch  at  Leeds,  0.08  inch  at  Preston; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.02  inch  at  Brighton  and 
Cambridge.  No  rain  fell  at  Plymouth.  Bristol, 
Blackheatb,  Wolverhampton,  Sheffield,  or  Liverpool, 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.04  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  loth,  the  highest  temperature  was  78°.  o,  at 
Aberdeen,  at  Paisley  the  highest  was  66°. 8.  The 
general  mean  was  72°,!, 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  37°.  5,  at 
Perth  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  wa.>  44°.  i. 
The  general  mean  was  4I°.4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Perth  58°.  5, 
and  lowest  at  Greenock  55°.  8.   The  general  mean  was 

57°-5- 

Fain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.55  inch  at  Dundee, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.07  inch  at  AlieideeD, 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.26  inch' 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  12,  1S86,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  Ii6,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. : — The  weather  continued  fine  during 
the  earlier  days  of  the  period,  but  subsequently 
became  cloudy  or  dull,  with  a  general,  but  not  heavy, 
fall  of  rain. 

The  temperature  has  equalled  the  mean  in  the 
*'  Midland  Counties,"  "  England,  S."  and  the 
"Channel  Islands,"  but  in  all  other  districts  it  has 
been  below  it,  the  deficit  ranging  from  1°  in  "  Scot- 
land, E."  and  "  England,  S.W."  to  3°  in  "  Ireland, 
N."  and  4°  in  **  Scotland,  N."  The  highest  of  the 
maxima,  which  were  registered  on  the  6th  over  Eng- 
land and  in  most  parts  of  Ireland,  and  on  the  nth  in 
Scotland,  ranged  from  65°  in  the  N.  and  W.  of 
Scotland  to  75°  in  "England,  N.E."  and  "Ireland, 
S.,"  76°  in  the  "  Channel  Islands,"  and  to  85°  in 
"England,  S.,"  and  87°  in  "England,  E."  The 
lowest  ol  the  minima,  which  were  recorded  either  on 
the  9th  or  loih,  ranged  from  33°  in  "  Scotland,  N," 
35°  in  "England,  S.W.,"  37"  in  "Scotland,  E.," 
and  38°  in  "Scotland,  W.,"  to  44^  in  "England, 
S.,"  and  to  50°  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Rainfall  has  been  a  little  more  than  the  mean  in 
the  south-west,  south,  and  east  of  England,  and  equal 
to  it  in  the  north  of  Scotland,  but  in  all  other  parts 
of  the  Kingdom  it  has  been  less  than  the  normal 
value. 

Bright  Sunshine  has  been  more  prevalent  than  it 
was  last  week  in  the  north  and  east  of  Scotland,  but 
in  all  other  districts  a  decided  decrease  is  shown — 
especially  in  Ireland.  The  percentages  of  the  pos- 
sible amount  of  duration  ranged  from  20  in  "  Ireland, 
N.,"and  24  in  "Ireland,  S.,"  to  43  in  "England, 
S.,"44in  "Scotland,  E.,"  and  "  England,  S.W. ," 
and  to  62  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  ohsetved. — Some  large,  but  shallow 
disturbances  passed  in  an  easterly  direction  to  Ihe 
northward  of  Scotland,  and  a  very  few  smalt  and 
shallow  subsidiaries  over  our  islands,  but  beyond 
these  no  depressions  have  appeared  in  our  neighbour- 
hood. Light  to  moderate  breezes  from  between  N. 
and  N.W.  or  N.  have  been  most  general  over  the 


^o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IJULY„I7,    1886. 


United  Kingdom,  but  towards  the  end  of  the  period 
the  wind  on  our  W.  and  N.W.  coasts  backed  to  the 
Bouth,  and  increased  considerably  in  force. 


•,*OuR  Telegraphic  Address.— Uiircarreifmiimts 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  our  Registered 
Telegraphic  Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London." 
Telegrams  (but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will 
reach  the  Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other 
address  beins  needed. 


Agaric  in   Mushroom-house  :    R.  M.  L.    No ;  the 
Agaric  is  neither  Agaricusvenus  nor  A,  phalloides,  but 
a  large  white  variety  of  A.  ceptestipes,  and  probably 
of  exotic  origin.    The  first  mentioned  fungus  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  second.    W.  G.  S. 
Bouvardia  :  G.  Russell.    Unfortunately  too  common. 
Cut  the  plants  in  hard— the  young  growth  that  follows 
may  be  healthy.     We  know  neither  the  cause  nor  the 
cure. 
Cape  BtJLSs  :  E.  G.  H.  Most  of  these  enjoy  a  warmer 
temperature  than  that  of  a  greenhouse,  and  you  could 
not  do  better  than  to  pot  them  at  once  into  pots  just 
.  large  enough  to  hold  the  bulb,  sinking  them  to  about 
half  their  depth  in  the  soil,  which  should  consist  of 
good  rich  loam  mixed  with  a  little  dried  cow-manure 
and  sand,  not   too  much  of  the  latter.     All  bulbs  like 
very   firm    potting,    so   see   that   the  soil   below   the 
bulb  is  firmed  before  placing  the  bulb  thereon,  and 
that  the  soil  around  it  is  made  firm  with  the  hand. 
Put  the  plants  by  themselves,  as  they  usually  abound 
with  mealy-bug  and  other  pests.     A  pit  or  frame  on 
a  mild  hotbed  of  leaves  will  suit  them,  especially  if 
about  6  inches  of  finely  sifted  coal-ashes  be  placed 
over  the  surface,  into  which  the  pots  may  be  plunged. 
Give  little  or  no  water  until  signs  of  growth  appear, 
and  afterwards  it  must  be  given  with  great  care.     A 
shelf  in  a  stove  near  the  light  will  suit  them  during 
the  winter.    After  treatment  will  depend  on  the  species 
and  the  time  the  bulbs  flower. 
Corrections    and   Addenda.  —  Messrs.   Sutton    & 
Sons,    Reading,  received  a  Gold   Medal,  and   not   a 
Bronze,  for  their  fine  display  noticed  in  our  report  of 
the  Provincial  Show  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
at  Liverpool.    Mr.  Laxton's  new  Strawberry,  "Noble," 
at  the  same  show,  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certifi- 
cate.— At  p.  56,   "  Miscellaneous,"  in  report  of  Tun- 
bridge  Wells  Show,  for  Mr.  A.  H.  Webber,  Tunbridge 
Wells,  read.  Mr.  F.  Webber,  Tonbridge. 
Fruit  Trees  :  J.  F.  After  laying-in  now  what  young 
wood  is  required  on  Pears  and  Plums,  the  foreright 
and  other  wood  of  current  season's  growth  can  be  cut 
back  to  within  four  buds  of  the  point  from  which  the 
shoots  originated,  to  be  still  further  shortened  accord- 
ing to  the  habit  of  fruit  bearing  of  the  particular  sort  at 
the   general  pnining.      Were   it   not    for    the    great 
amount  of  time  required  to  carry  it  out,  the  pinching 
back  of   young  growths  whilst  still  green  and   soft 
would  be  the  better  way,  as  then  less  of  the  vigour  of 
the  trees  would  be  wasted  in  wood  which  at  last  has  to 
be  sacrificed. 
Fungi    on    Plants  :   H.  Munro.    i,  on  Silver  Fir  is 
Peridermium  elatinum  ;  2.   on  leaves  of  Strawberries 
is  Oidium  balsami,  described  and  illustrated  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,    September    25,     rS8o — also    common    on 
Turnip  leaves  ;  3,  on  Viola  leaf  ..^cidium  depauperans. 
described  and  illustrated  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  Sep- 
tember 16.  1876.    W.  G.  S. 
General  Index  to  Botanical  Plates  :   W.  H.  T. 
Pritzel's  Iconum  Botanicorum  Index  is  the  work  you 
want.    The  supplements  bring  the  work  down  to  1866. 
Our  index  of  Plant  Portraits  is  nearly  complete  for 
garden  plants  ;    see  our  Index  for  each  half-yearly 
volume. 
Grafting   Black   Hamburgh   and    Madresfield 
Court  Vines   on    Royal   Muscadine  :    Old  Sub- 
scriber.    We  do  not  doubt  the  capability  of  this  as  a 
stock  for  either  of  these,  but  it  would  be  hkely  to  cause 
diminution  of  size   in  bunch   and   berry,  and   might 
influence  the  flavour.    The  experiment  is  worth  trying. 
Insect  on  Orchid  ;   J.  H.  G.    The  specimens  were 
smashed  in  the  post ;  send  some  wrapped  in  damp 
blotting-paper,  and  enclosed  in  a  tin  box. 
Insects  :   W.  P.  b'  Sons,     It  is  one  of  the  weevils, 
which  are  all  very  destructive   to  vegetation.      The 
insects   feed  during   the    night,    when    they   may  be 
caught   by  spreading  a  sheet  beneath   the  Vines  or 
other  plants  before   dusk,  and  then  going   into   the 
houses  suddenly  with  a  hght  ;   many  are   thus  scared 
and  fall  on  the  sheet  :  these  should  be  quickly  collected 
and  destroyed.     During  the  day   the  insects  hide  in 
chinks  and  under  stones,  where  they  can  be  destroyed 
in   great   uumbers   by   pouring    hot-water  into   their 
haunts.     By  following  up  these  methods  the  creatures 
can  be  kept  within  bounds. 
Insects  in  Pear  Tree  Bark  :  J.  R.     In  the  spring 
and  early  summer  the  larvas  can  be  killed  in  the  holes 
by  inserting  a  piece  of  wire,  or  by  the  application  of 
strong  insecticides  injected  by  means  of  a  small  syringe 
into  the  hole^.    Where  the  insects,  abound  .it  will  be 


found  a  better  practice  to  coat  the  stems  and  main 
branches  with  a  mixture  of  clay,  lime,  and  soot,  to 
which  a  little  tar  or  spirits  of  tar  can  be  added.  This 
is  not  unsightly,  and  is  distasteful  to  most  Uving 
things. 

Moss  ON  Trees  :  W.  G.  S.  Moss  is  not  injurious 
when  not  over-abundant,  but  it  is  often  a  sign  of  water 
stagnant  in  the  soil,  and  of  great  moisture  in  the  sur- 
rounding air.  Dusting  the  trees  in  winter,  when  the 
moss  is  damp,  with  powdered  quicklime,  or  white- 
washing 'the  trees,  will  rid  you  of  the  objectionable 
parasite. 

Names  of  Plants  :  A.  S^oung.  The  shrub  is  Rubus 
odoratus,  the  flower  the  Parrot  Tulip. —  W.  J.  A 
medium-sized  flower  of  Phalaenopsis  grandiflora,  not 
P.  amabilis.— /^.  M.  H.  The  Thunia  is  very  like 
MarshalliiE.—  W.  S.  A  nice  pale  form  of  Cattleya 
GaskeUiana. — Barr  &■  Son.  Gladiolus  communis. — 
M.  if  C.  Sibthorpia  peregrina.— £.  H.  J.  Linaria 
Pelisseriana.— //.  J.  R.  A  very  bad  common  Cattleya 
Eldorado. 

Subjects  to  Plant  in  a  Heated  House  of  60  feet 
IN  length  as  a  Source  of  Profit  :  H.  IVoolmtr. 
You  might  grow  Tomatos  and  Cucumbers  together  or 
separate  for  early  work,  or  very  late  Grapes  of  good 
keeping  kinds.  In  plants  there  are  numerous  subjects. 
You  might  cover  the  roof  with  Stephanotis  floribunda, 
growing  Adiantums  underneath  ;  or  you  could  grow 
Marichal  Niel  Rose. 

Vine  Leaves  :  C.  H.  Your  Vine  leaves  have  the  ap- 
pearance of  having  been  burnt.  The  ventilation  has 
probably  not  been  well  attended  to  and  the  house  may 
be  too  dry.  There  is  neither  disease  nor  decay  pre- 
sent ;  want  of  attention  to  the  above  details  is  the 
cause  of  the  appearance. 

Weed  on  Lawn  :  R.  C.  Crepis  biennis.  When  did 
you  mow  your  lawn  last  ?  You  are  going  the  best  way 
to  stock  your  lawn  with  this  weed.  Copious  manuring 
will  favour  the  grasses  and  proportionately  enfeeble 
the  weeds.  Meantime  carefully  cut  off  all  the  flowers 
to  prevent  their  seeding. 

White-skinned  Cucumber  :  Cucumber.  The  form  is 
that  of  the  common  ridge  variety  the  "short  prickly." 
only  the  spines  are  quite  rudimentary.  You  have 
clearly  been  deceived  by  your  seedsman,  but  probably 
unintentionally,  the  differences  between  the  "Tele- 
graph," and  this  one  being  too  marked  for  any  one  to 
fancy  he  could  send  out  the  one  for  the  other. 

*^*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "£(/iVor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  ^nA.  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —  Letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

<g"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Oflice  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Oflice,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Avbragb  Wholesale  Prices. 


Com 


oMMUNitAT.ons  Received  :— W.  H.  T.-D.  M.-T.  H.  P. 
Drinkstone  Park.  — I.  C.  Arthur,  New  York.— A.  G.  J.— Ed, 
AndrS,  Paris.-;.  W.-A.  K.-T.  C— W.  S.-I.  O.  W.- 
J.  F.-T.  M.-H.  G.  R.-W.  G.  S. 


larkets. 


COVENT    GARDEN,    July  15. 


.en,  who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  uken 
as  f;uides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Our  market  is  heavily  supplied  with  all  classes  of 
goods,  and  clearances  are  only  made  at  a  sacrifice, 
James  Webber,  WkolesaU  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Cherries,  %-%\tvi 
Currants,  J^-siev< 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  case 


30-39     Peaches,  perdozen...  : 

20-40     Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  ; 

13-30      —  St-  Michael,  each  : 

.18  0-36  o  I  Strawberries,  per  lb.  i 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 
Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-.. 
Asparagus.  Eng.,  100    20-50 
—  French,    bundle  z  6-  . . 
Beaiib,  Kidney,  lb...  10-.. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch . .  06-  . . 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..    16-20 
Coleworts.doz.bunch  80-.. 
Cucumbers,  each    ,.06-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .    10-20 
Herbs,  per  bunch    ..  04-  .- 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen..   10-16 

PoTATOs  :  — Best  Kidneys,  75. 


s.  d.  s. 

Mint,  green,  bunch  o  4-  . 
Mushrooms,  punnet  16-: 
Mustard  and  Cress.do.o  4-  . 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4  o-  . 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  2  o-  j 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    . .    4  o-  e 

,,  kidney,  per  cwt  40-  = 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  c 
Spinach,  per  bushel  3  6-  , 
Sprue  Asparagus,  per 

bundle        ..  ..   I  o-   , 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     .,16- 

Turnips.  bunch        -.06- 

Veget   Mar.,  each.,  o  6- 

Roiinds    55.  per  cwt. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz. 
Bedding  Plants,  vari 

ous,  per  dozen 
Begonias,  per  dozer 
Bouvardias,  doz 
Calceolarias,  pei  doz, 
Cyperus,  per  dozen.. 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . . 
-  viridis,  per  doz. . 
Ericas,  various,  doz, 
Euonymus,    in  var. 

per  dozen  . . 
Evergreens,  in  var. 

per  dozen 
Fie  us  elastic 
Ferns,  in  va 


dozen  4  0-18  o 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias.  dozen  .*.'  3  o-  < 
Hydrangeas,  doz.  ..  g  o-ii 
Lobelias,  per  dozen  3  o-  ( 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..8  o-i; 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  o-  ( 
Musk,  per  dozen  ..20-. 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-1; 
dozen  3  ( 


Pain 


■  6-21 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  4  c 
Asters,  12  blooms  ..  o  ( 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  ( 
Campanulas,  12  bun.  4  < 
Carnations,  12  blms.  i  c 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  1  ( 
Daisies,  common,  12 

bunches     ..  ..   2  ( 

Delphiniums,  12  bun.  3  1 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  2  ( 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  2  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2  < 
Lapageria,  red,  12  bl.  i  < 
Liliuiii  candidum,  12 

bunches  ..  ..  6  t 
—  12  blooms  ..  o  ( 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  < 


Mignonette,  12  bun.  30-90 
Pansies,  12  bunches  10-30 
PjEonies,  12  blooms..  10-20 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

trusses        . .  ..09-10 

—  scarlet,  iz  trusses  04-06 
Pinks,  var.,  t2  bun.  20-40 
Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  20-60 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun,  60-90 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  09-20 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .   20-40 

—  outdoor,  12  bun.   30-90 

—  Moss,  12  bun...  6  0-12  o 
Spirffias,  12  bunches  60-89 
Stephanotis,  12  spys.  16-30 
Sweef  Peas,  12  bun.  16-30 
Sweet  Sultan,  12  bun.  30-40 
Tropseolums,  12  bun.  10-20 
Tuberoses,  u  bltns..  04-10 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  July  12. — The  Wheat  trade  opened 
with  a  firmer  tone,  which  improved  towards  the  close, 
and  rather  better  prices  were  obtained  for  some  descrip- 
tions of  foreign.  The  flour  trade  was  slow,  and  the 
large  imports  into  London  are  ag?iinst  prices,  but  the 
receipts  of  English  are  very  small,  which  is  calculated  to 
help  them  a  little.  Barley  was  firm,  and  met  rather 
more  inquiry.  Beans  were  also  firm  at  late  lates.  With 
rather  more  supply  Peas  were  6rf.  lower  on  the  week, 
The  heavy  arrivals  of  Oats  have  put  the  market  rather  in 
favour  of  buyers. 

Jtily  14, — There  was  not  much  animation  in  the  trade 
to-day,  but  the  tone  was  steady.  Both  English  and 
foreign  Wheat  supported  Monday's  prices.  Flour  met 
little  inquiry,  and  remains  unaltered  in  value.  Grinding 
Barley  was  steady,  with  a  moderate  demand.  Oats  were 
slow  of  sale.  Beans  tended  against  buyers,  and  Peas 
sold  slowly  at  Monday's  rates. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London):  July  \,\. — Plentilul  sup- 
plies, for  which  there  was  a  fair  demand.  Prices  ;— 
Black  Currants,  5J.  to  5^.  dd.  per  half  sieve ;  red 
Currants,  41.  6(/.  to  5.r.  do. ;  Gooseberries,  ■^s.  6d.  to  5^.  per 
bushel  ;  Cherries,  3^^.  6d.  to  4?.  6d.  per  half  sieve;  Straw- 
berries, 5^.  to  6.;.  6d.  per  peck  ;  Cabbages,  5J.  to  js.  6d. 
per  tally  ;  bunch  Greens,  y.  to  3J.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches ; 
do.  Onions,  4^^.  to  4^.  6d.  do.  ;  do.  Carrots,  3J'.  6d.  to 
4J-.  do.  ;  Broad  Beans.  2J.  6d.  to  35.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  Peas, 
2J.  to  2s.  6d.  do  ;  do.,  2s.  6d.  to  4s.  6d.  per  sack  ; 
Lettuces,  lod.  to  is.  2d.  per  score ;  Mint,  2s.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Parsley,  2;.  6d.  do. 

Stratford  :  J^^ly  13. — There  was  a  good  supply,  and 
a  fair  trade  at  tne  following  prices  : — Cabbages,  4s.  to 
6s.  per  tally  ;  Greens,  is.  to  is.  6d.  per  bunch  ;  Onions, 
iios.  to  140-T.  per  ton  ;  Peas,  3^.  to  5.1.  6d.  per  bag  ; 
Lettuces,  6d.  to  lod.  per  score  ;  Cherries,  ^s.  to  6s. 
per  basket ;  Gooseberries,  ripe,  2;.  6d.  1035.  6d.  per  sieve  ; 
do.,  green,  is.  to  2s.  do.;  Currants,  black,  3^^.  6d.  to 
4J.  6d.  per  sieve. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  July  13. — Fair  sup- 
plies of  foreign,  and  fairly  suitable  assortment.  English 
come  forward  small.  Quotations  :— Jersey  and  French 
kidneys,  6s.  to  js. ;  rounds,  3J.  6d.  to  4s.  per  cwt. 

Columbia  (East  London):  July  14 — Quotations: 
— Jersey  kidneys,  6s.  6d.  to  8s.;  do.  rounds,  5r.  to  6s.; 
St.  Malo  kidneys,  6s.  to  js.  6d.;  do.  rounds,  41.  6d.  to 
5J,  6d. ;  Cherbourg  kidneys,  6j.  6d.  to  js.  6d. ;  do.  rounds, 
4s.  6d.  to  $s.  6d.  per  cwt.;  Magnums,  s^s.  to  6^s.; 
Champions,  40;.  to  50J.  per  ton. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  July  13. — The  supply  was  short, 
and  there  was  a  fair  demand  for  the  best  quaUties.  Quo- 
tations : — Clover,  prime,  90.1.  to  loys.  ;  inferior,  70J.  to 
85J.  ;  hay,  prime,  70s.  to  95J.  ;  inferior,  45J.  to  651,  ;  and 
straw,  25-r.  to  37J.  per  load. 

July  15. — A  moderate  supply  was  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  fair,  and  prices  dearer  for  Clover. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  July  13. — A  good 
supply,  with  a  firm  trade  for  meadow  hay,  but  duU  for 
Clover.  Quotations  ; — Clover,  best,  90J.  to  105J.  ;  se- 
conds, 7SS.  to  85-r,  ;  hay,  best,  84J.  to  951.  ;  seconds, 
yos.  to  Bos.  ;  and  straw,  $os.  to  36J.  per  load. 


Government  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  and  Wednesday  at  loii  to  loig  for  both 
dehvery  and  the  account.  Thursday's  closing  prices 
were  loij  to  loij  for  both  delivery  and  the  account. 


July  17,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


91 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING^    PRACTICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPORTS  of  EXHIBITIONS  \REVIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NOTICES  of  all  HORTICULTURAL 

M4  ITERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 
HOME,     COLONIAJ^,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS, 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  tlie  following  subjects  :— 


FLOWElR  GARDENS. 
FORCING.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEl^IENTS.- INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNg— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 


MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.-rSOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLAINTS. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VINES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING.       * 
WOODS,  S:c.,  &c.,  &c. 


Original  Illustrations  by   W.  H.  ^ITCH,  F.L.S.,    W.  G.  SMITH,  EM.S.,  ^V.  f.  WELCH,  and  Others. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned  :— 

,i„„;,i  v„,«  ^     DUNN  f M.I.  Dalkeith    ..         ..     Practical  Gardening.  MORREN  (Profosor),  L 


ADLAM  (H.).  Natal        ..         ..  Colonial  Notes. 

ANDERSON  (J.) Orchids. 

ANDR     (E.),  Paris  ..  ..  Foreign  Correspondence. 

ANTOINE  (F.),  the  late,  Vienna  Foreign  Correspondence. 

ATKINS  (J.)  Practical  Gardening, 

AUSVEN    (J,),     Witley    Court 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

BACKHOUSE  (T,),  York         ..  Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

BADEN-POWELL  (H.)  ..  Forestry. 

BADGER  (E,W,)  ..         ..  Practical  Gardening. 

BAILLIE  (W.  M.).  Luton  Hoo  . 

Gardens  . .  . .         . .  Practical  Gardening. 

BA1NES(T.) Practical  Gardening. 

BAKER  (G.)         Practical  Gardening. 

BAKER  0.  G,),  F.R  S Garden  Botany, 

BALFOUR  (thelateProfessor)..  Garden  Botany, 

BALL<J,),  F,R.S Alpine  Plants. 

BANCROFT  (G.),  M.D.  ..  Queensland  Correspondence 

BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     ..  Fruit  Culture. 
BAXTER    (W.     H,),     Botanic 

Gardens,  Oxford         . .  •  Practical  Gardening. 

BEIJERINCK,Dr.,V/ag=r.;.igen  Diseases  of  Plants. 

3ENNE1'  (H,),  M,D. ,  Mentone  Foreign  Correspondence. 

BENNETT  (A.  W.)        ..         ..  Vegitable  Physiology. 

BENNETT  (G).  M,D,,  Sydney  Australian  Correspondence, 

BENTHAM  (the  late  G.),  F.R.S,  Garden  Botany, 

BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  ..         ..  Foreign  Correspondence. 

BERKELEY(Rev.  M,J.),F.R.S.  Diseases  of  Plants. 

ELACKMORE(R.  D.)..         ..  Pomology. 

BLAIR  (T,),  Shrubland  Gardens  Practical  Gardening. 

BOISSIER(E.),thelate,  Geneva  Garden  Plants, 

BONAVlA(Dr,),  N.  W.  P.  India  Indian  Notes. 

BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J.  T.)  Landscape  Gardening. 

COULGER(G,  S.),  F.L.S.       ..  Vegetable  Physiolog;'. 

BOYLE  (Hon,  Mrs,  E.  V.)        ..  Amateur  G.ardening. 
BRADSHAW   (A.),  Waddesdon 

Gardens Orchid  Cultr" 

BRIGHT  (the  late  H.  A.)  ..  " 

BRIITEN  (J.),  BiitishMuseum 
BROWN  (N,  E.),  Kew  .. 
BULLEN  (R,),  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow  

BURBIDGE    (F.   W.),   Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
BURVENICH  (Fr,),  Ghent      .. 
CARMICHAEL     iC.    A.     M.), 

Henley-in-Arden 
CARUE  L  (Professor),  Florence. . 
C.\SPARY(Prof.),  Koinigsberg.. 

CHALLIS(T,) Practical  Gardening. 

CHITrY(W.),  Pewsey  ..  ..  Beekeeping. 

CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       ..  Garden  Botany. 

CLARKE  (C.  B,),  F,R,S,  ..  Garden  Botany, 

COBBOLD(T,  S.),  F,R.S,        ..  Diseases  of  Plants. 
COLEMAN  (W.),  Eastnor  Castle 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

COOKE  (M,C.) Fungi,    ,^      ,     . 

COOMBER  (J  ),  The  Hendre  . .  Practical  CJardening. 

COOMBER  (W.).  Regent  s  Park  Practical  Gardening. 

COOPER  (Sir  DAN,  Bart,)     ..  Australian  Coirespondi 
CORNU  (Professor  M,),  Direcior 

ofthe  Jardindes  Plantes, Paris 

CORREVON  (H.),  Geneva      ..  Alpine  Plants, 

CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H.  H.)..  Garden  Plants. 
CROSSLING  (R,),  St.  Fag.in's  .     ,  ^     ^     , 

Castle  Gardens  . .  - .  Practical  Gardening. 

DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES)  Physiology  of  Plants. 

DEAN  (A.) Practical  Gardening, 

DEAN  (R,) Floriculture. 

DECAlSNE(thelateProf),Paris  Garden  Botany. 

DE  CANDOLLE(A,).  Geneva,  .  Garden  Botany,  &c. 

DEHERAIN  (Professor).  Paris, ,  Vegetable  Chemistry. 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 


from  a    Lancashire 
Plant  Lore.  [Garden. 

Garden  Botany. 

Orchid  Notes. 


Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 


Foreign  Corresponde 

Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Plants, 


DOD  (Rev.  C,  W,) 

D'OMBRAIN  (Rev,  H.  H.)     .. 

DOUGLAS  0-).  Gr"'  Gearies,  , 

Ilford Practical  Gardemng. 

DOWNIEti').  Edinburgh         ..     Practical  Gardening. 
DRUDE  (Professor),  Dresden  . .     Foreign  Correspondei 

DRUERV(C,) Ferns. 

DUCHARTRE  Professor),  Paris    Foreign  Correspondei 


DUNN  (M.),  Dalkeith    ..         ..  Practical  Gardening. 

DUTHIE  (J.  F.),  Saharunpore..  Colonial  Notes. 

DYER  (BERNARD)      ..         ..  Chemical  Analyses. 
DYER   (W.     T.    T),    Director, 

Royal  Gardens.  Kew  ..  Garden  Botany. 

EARLEY(W,) Practical  Gardening. 

EICHLER  (Professor),  Director 

Imperial  Bot,  Garden,  Berlin  Foreign  C-jrrespondei 

ELLACOMBE  (Rev.  H.  N),  Gar  en  Botany, 

ELWES  (H,  J,) Garden  Botany. 

ENGELM  ANN  (the  late  G.),  St. 

Louis,  U.S. A rnnif..rs. 

EVANS  (A.),  L\  the  Hill  Gardens 
F.VERSHED  (H.) 
EWBANK(Rev,  H.),  Ryde      .. 
FENZI  (Cav.  E.),  Florence 
F1NDLAY(B,),  Manchester     .. 
FISH      (D.      T.),      Hardwicke 

FISHER  (Rev.  O,')'         '.'.         '.'■ 
FITCH  (W.  H.).  F.L.S. 
FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  FR.S. 
FOWLER  (A),  Castle  Kennedy 

Gardens 
FRASER  (J,),  Ke%v 

GIBSON  (WM.) 

GILBERT  (J.  H.).  F,R,S. 
GLAISHER(J.),  F.R.S. 
GRAY  (Prof.  ASA).  Boston 
GREEN  (CHARLES) 


1  Plants. 
Foreign  Corresijondenc 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Garden  Botany. 
*"'     '   s'  Flowers. 

r  Gardening. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Literature. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Illustrations. 

Plant  Physiology,  Irids. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Town  Gardening. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Meteorology. 

Garden  Botany. 

.  Plant  Culture. 

GR1EVe\P.),  Bury  St'.  Edmunds     Practical  Gardening. 
GRINDON(LEO)  ..         ..     Garden  Literature. 

HANBURY(T,),  Mentone       ..     Foreign  Correspondence, 
HART  (J,),  Jamaica        ..         ..     Colonial  Notes. 
HEMSLEY(W.  B.)        ..         ..     Garden  Botany. 

HEMSLEY(A.) Practical  Gardening. 

HENRY(thelateI,ANDERSON)Ga   '      "'     - 
HENRIQUEZ  (Prof.),  Coimbra     " 
HENSLOVV(Rev.  G,)    .. 
HOOKER  (Sir  J,  D.),  K.C.S.I. 
HORNER  (Rev.  F.D.),. 
HUDSON      (J),     Gunnersbury 

Gardens  

IM     THURN      (EVERARD). 

British  Guiana Colonial  Notes. 

INGRAM  (W.),  Belvoir  Gardens     Practical  Gardening. 
JACKSON  (J.  R),  KewMuseum     Economic  BoUny. 

J0LY(C,),  Paris Foreign  Corresponden. 

JULIAN(RICHD,),  F,R.I.B,A,     Garden  Archit 
KING  (Dr.),  Director  Royal  Bo- 

tanic  Garden,  Calcutta         ..     Colonial  Notes. 

KNIGHT  (H.) Practical  C^rdening. 

KOLB  (MAX).  Munich  .. 
KRELAGE(E.  H,),  Haarlem 
LANGE  (Prof.),  Copenhagen      . 
LAVALLfiE  (the  late  ALPH.), 

Paris 

LAWRENCE   (Sir   TREVOR), 

President  Royal  Hort.  Soc, . . 

LEICHTLIN    (MAX),     Baden 

LOWNE,  (b!  T.).  F.R.C.S 

LYNCH     (R.     I.),     Cambridge 
Botanic  Garden 

MACLACHLAN  (R,).  F.R.S.  . . 

MACOWAN  (Prof),  Cape  Town 

MANGLES(thelate  J.H.),  F.L.S.  Rhododendrons. 

MARIES  (C)        Japan  Plants. 

MAW  (G.),  F.L.S Crocus— Garden  Plant 

MEEHAN(T.),  Philadelphia    ..     American  Corresponde 

MELVILLE     (D.),      Dunrobin    ^ 

Gardens  Practical  Gardening. 

MICH.AEL(A.  D,l Garden  Insects. 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

Banff Forestry. 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

Gardens Practical  Garderu'ng. 

MILLER  (W,).  Combe  Abbey..     Practical  Gardening. 

MONTEIRO  (Chev)  Lisbon    ..     Foreign  Corresponden 

MOORE  (F,  W),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic Garden Practical  C^dening. 

MOORE  (T.),    Botanic  Gardec, 

Chelsea..        ., ,  w-        ••    Fe*«i        '"   •' 


Foreign  Correspondei 
Foreign  Correspondei 
Foreign  Correspondei 

Garden  Botany. 

Orchids. 


1  Botany, 
i.al  Note 


Lifge    .. 
..  JRRIS(L).),  Jamaica.. 
MUELLER  (Baron  Sir  FERD. 

V,),  Melbourne 
MURRAY  (G.),  British  Museum 
MURTON(H.  J,),  Siam 
NAUDIN(C,),  Antibes  .. 
NELSON  (C.  J.),  Orange  Free 

State 

NICHOLSON  (G,),  Kew 
O'BRIEN  (JAMES) 


Australian  F 
Plant  Disea 
Colonial  No 
Foreign  Cor 


ign  Correspondence. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence 


Floric 


Foreign  Coi 
Arboretum. 
Orchid  Cul 

6i!RiEN(t.")       ..'        ..         ..     Propagati 

OLIVER  (Capt.  S.)         ..  ^         -  , 

OLIVER  (Prof),  F.R.S. 

OLIVEIRA  (J,  D').  Oporto 

ORMEROD  (Miss) 

PAGET(Sir  JAMES)     .. 

PAUL  (GEORGE) 

PAUL(WM,)  rior.cu.iuic. 

PFITZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg  ..     Orchids. 

PHILIPS  (W.) Fungi— Plant  Di 

PLANCHON(Prof,),Montpellicr     Foreign  Correspondi 

PL0WR1GHT(C.  B) 

PRESTO  (H.),  Trinidad 
PYNAERT  (E  ),  Ghent  .. 
REGEL(E.),  St,  Petersburg     .. 
REICHENBACH  (Professor)  .. 
RICHARDS   (G.    H,),  Somerley 

RIDLEY(H.N.), British  Museum 
RIVERS  (F,),Sawbridgeworth.. 

R0BERTS-(J,) 

ROBINSON  (J,  F) 
RODIGAS(E,).  Ghent   .. 
ROLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. . 

RUST  (J  )  Practical  Gardening, 

SARGEANT  (C.  W.),  Boston  . .     American  Correspom 

SAUL  (M),  York Practical  Gardening. 

SCHOMBURGK(Dr.),  Adelaide    Colonial  Notes. 
SHEPPARD    (J),    Wolverston  . 

Gardens  Practical  Gardemng. 

SIEMENS(thelateSirW,)F,R.S.     Electric  Light, 
SMEE(A.  H.),  Wallington       ..     Practical  Gard-ning. 

SMITH(W.G,).  F.L.S Illustrations— Fungi. 

SMITH  (T.),  New  Zealand       ..     Colonial  Notes. 

SMITH  (J),  Mentmore  Gardens     Practical  Gardening. 

SORAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau     . 

STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens 

STRICKLAND  (Sir  C) 

SURINGAR  (Professor),  Leydei 

SWAN    (W.),    Howick    House 


Fungi — Plar 
Colonial  Notes, 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Orchids. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Orchids, 
Fruit  Culture, 
Practical  Gardening. 


THOMAS  ((J,).  Chatsworth  Gds. 
THOMSON  (W,l,  Clovenfords.. 
THURBER(G,),  New  York  .. 
TOD  ARO  ( Baron) ,  Palermo  . . 
TRIMEN(H.),  Ceylo 


of  Plai 
CJarden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

Orchid  Culture. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Vines. 

American  Correspondence. 

Garden  Botany. 

Colonial  Notes. 
VElfCH(H.)"     ,.'        ..         ..     Orchids, 
VILMORIN(H).  Paris.. 
WALLIS  a,).  K=<^'e  Gardens 
WARD  (H,  W.),  Longford  Castle 

WARD  (MARSHALL)  ,. 
WARINGTON  (R.) 
WATSON  (SERENO),  Boston, 

U.S.A 

W.\TSON  (W.),  Kew  .. 
WATTtDr,),  CalcutU  .. 
WEBSTER  (J,),  Gordon  Castle 

Gardens 
WEBSTER    (A.    D.),    Penrhyn 

Castle Forestry. 

WEIR  (H).,  Tunbridge  Wells  ..     Gardening  for  Amateurs. 
WESTWOOD  (Professor)         ..     Insects. 
WILDSMITH    fW.),    Heckfield 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

WILLIS  (J.  W),  Harpcnden     ..     Chemistry. 
WILSON  (G,  F.),  F.R.S.         ..     Lilies,  &c. 

WILSON  (D.)        Practical  Gardenmg, 

WITTM.ACK(Dr,),  Berlin        ..     Foreign  Correspondence. 

WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg  Foreign  Correspondence. 

With  many  oUiers. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Indian  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 


92 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  17,  1886. 


!I0    SEEfDISMEN,   FLOIBISTS,    <S:c. 

GEORGE  HARRISON, 

1S2,    DRURY    LANE,    LONDON,    W.C, 

Five   minutes*  walk  from   Covent  Garden. 
Cheapest  House  in  London  for 

BOUQUET        WIRE. 

WHITE  WIRE  on  Reels,  ij.  ^d.  per  lb.  |  „  ,  ,  .i  ,i 
BLUE  WIRE,  on  Reels,  ^^Ad.  per  lb.  I  ^  '"'*  '°  '"'  '"• 
BLUE  WIRE,  for  Stalks,  ^y,d.  per  lb.,  in  3^-in.,  7-in.,  and 

BRIGHT    WIRE,    for    Camellias,     6M</.   per  lb.,    in   7.in. 

lengths  ;  (30)  Z%d.  per  lb. 
BLUE  WIRE,  in  Rings,  from  ^l.  per  stone  of  r4  lb 

N.B.  No  less  than  3  lb.  packets  of  Reel  Wire,  or  61b.  packets 
of  Stalk  Wire  at  these  prices. 

THOMAS'S 

GALVANISED  WIRE  NETTING. 


Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Roll  of  50  Yards. 


2  ft.      3  ft. 
wide,      witje. 

4  ft.   1   6  ft. 

wide.      wide. 

3    9      6    8 

5  4      8    0 

6  6       9    9 
10    0    15    0 

7  6  111  3 
10  8  16  0 
13  0  19  6 
20    0     30    0 

3-ln 
2-in 

15-ln 
I  1-ln. 

STEEL    BARB 
BARB         WIRE, 

100  yard  Beela      ..    7s.  Od 

260     „         „  %  cwt.,  13s.  9d, 

630      „  „    I  cwt..  27s.  6d. 

Special  Quotations  for  large 


5  per  I 


with  Ordei 


;  for  Cash 


J.    J.    THOMAS    &     CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.C.  : 
285  and  362,    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 

Koslier's  Garden  Edslag  TUe?. 


1HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  m.iKtii;,  .if  great  dunibility.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
lited  for  K  1  r  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
'grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

lUustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces.  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  Ac.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SI      L     V     E      R  s"    AND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Tou 
or  Truckload.  on   Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  a:.y 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


DOULTON   &   WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,     LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,  PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN  ED9INGS,   <&c., 

imperishable'^terra  cotta. 


Tiles  tor  Linimr  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,  including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Decorations,  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c  , 

for  the  Conservatory,  in 

DOULTON  WARE,   LAMBETH   FAIENCE,  AND  THE 

NEW  SILICON   WARE. 

Sbow  Booms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  sunilai  current  sizes  ol  16-OZ  gbss  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBGE    FABUILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS 
84,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London  E  C 

stock  List  and  Prices  on  apfilicatum.     Quote  Chronicle 


SKINNER  &  BOARD,  BRISTOL, 

HORTICULTURE  BUILDERS  &  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS 
PATENTEES 


GARDEN   PLANT  TRUCK. 


HOSE  and  REELS, 

WATER  BARROWS, 

GARDEN  ENGINES, 

TUBE      WELLS      a 

ROSERIES, 
ROSE  FENCING, 
GARDEN  ARCHES, 


G.4RDEN  ROLLERS, 
PLANT  TRUCKS, 
WHEELBARROWS. 
WATER      PIPES 

HANGING  BASKETS, 
WIRE  WORK  SCREENS 
WIRE  TRELLIS,  &c. 


R.      HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTUR.4L   IRON  and   WIRE   WORKS, 
BEAUFORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S  VV 


Lawn  Movers 
t\t\     PEk  CENT   lOR 

)\  ICASHOFF'MAKERS 
^U  PRICES.  Carnage  paid. 
All  tlie  Best  Makes  in  Stock. 


Girdou  Rollers 


Swing  'Water-Barrows.    I  Wood  Barrow. 

15  Gall. . .  301.  I  30  GalL  . .  46s.  I  Well  made  and  cheap      . .  34/6 
2D  GalL . .  36J.  I  40  Gall. . .  54J-     With  loose  top,  as  shown . .  32/6 

LAWN  MOWER  REPAIRS. 

DEANE  &  CO.  have  SPECIAL  FACILITIES  for  Grind- 
ing and  Repairing  Lawn  Mowers  of  all  makes,  a  large  staff  of 
EXPERIENCED  WORKMEN  being  employed  for  the  pur- 
pose. THOROUGHNESS  in  REPAIR  and  MODERATE 
CHARGES  guaranteed. 

Estimates  given  in  all  cases  before  commencing  the  work. 

DEANE  AND  CO.'S  ILLUSIlRATED  GARDEN  CATA- 
LOGUE  (the  most  complete  published)  free  by  post. 


DEANE  &  CO., 


BOULTON   &   PAUL,   NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powerlul  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 

This    implement    is     most 
useful  in  large  gardens ;    is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread' 
for     distributing     water     i 
liquid    manure.       Waterpots 
and  pails  can  be  filled  when 
the  spreader  is  not  in  use. 
Cash  Price — Carriage    Paid 
Complete  (36  galls  )  Is  ">s 


IRON  HOSE  REELS. 


Cash  Prices. 

18-galI.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nis.d  Steel  Tank,  £1  12J. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  "Tank,  £7. 

36-galI.  Pair.^w,  with  Oak 
Tub,  jCi  zi. 


BOULTON     &     PAUL,      WOICWICH. 

HY.    VAN    &    CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  Hcu  e  in  the  Trade,  Esld.  1780). 

17,     Tooley     ?tret-t,     London    Eridge,    S.E. 


IVustra'cd  CAIALOGUES  fosl-licc. 

PROTECTION    FOR    FRUIT    AND    FLOWERS. 
GARDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  i}^</.,  or  oer  100  jarJs, 

lor.  :  ditto.  4  yards  wide   3-/.,  or  per  10-'  yards   a^r. 
SCRIM  CANVAS    I  yard  w  de    3<!'.  ;    iH  5  arj,  4  J^i.  ;    and 

2  yards  fid  per  yard 
TIFtANV    3S   nche    w  de   m  20  yard  pieces,  3r.  6</.  per  p-ece. 
SH-VDING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
RlCk  CLOTHS   TARPAULINS,  Com  and  Potato  SACKS, 

FLAGS    TENIS    &c     for  Sale  or  Hire. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     BUNHILL    ROW      LONDON,    E.O. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  desaiption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  pcst-free  on  application. 


Wood. 

THE  GENERAL  WOOD  COMPANY, 
Swedish  Wharf.  High  Street,  Peckham,  London,  S.E. 
Supply  all  desciiotions  of  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES.  Manufactured  DOORS,  FLOORING, 
MOULDINGS,  SASHBARS.  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 

Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


93 


DEAITE  &  CO.'S  No.  58  C0NSEBVAT0R7. 

A  remarkably  handsome 
and  imposiDg  structure. 

Price,  erected  complete 
(withbrickwoikl.with- 
in  1 5  miles  of  London 
Bridge. 

Proportionate  prices  in 
anv  partofthecountry. 

LOUGHBOROUGH 
HOT-WATER  APP- 
ARATUS (fix 


plete), 


s  below. 
H.W.Ap, 
;o..;£i2    s 


15ft.  by  gft.,  Z45 
soft,  by  laft.,  62 
asft.  by  14ft.,      88     _  . 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories,  u,=>;i.i.uuies, 
&c  ,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS    made  in    any  part  of  the  Country    FREE    OF 
CHARGE.    DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

HORT.Cl-LTURAt,  Bu.LDERS  AND  HoT- WATER  ENGINEERS, 

wiuam''s»let,}  LONDON      BRIDGE. 


BOULTON    &     PAUL,    NORWICH. 


No.  75  —Melon  or  Cuciunber  Frames. 

Cash  Prices— Carriage  Paid.  Price.         Packing  Case. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  £,1  50  ..  45.  f  Allowed  in 
12  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  4  12  6  ..  5r.  <  full  if  retd. 
16  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  o  o  . .  5/6  (  car.  paid. 
These  Frames  are  13  inches  deep  in  front,  and  24  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  2  inches  thick,  with  a  strong  iron 
strengthening  rod,  and  one  handle  to  each  light.  All  pairted 
four  coats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  glazed  with  best 
21.OZ.  English  glass.  Orders  amounting  to  40;.  carriage  paid 
to  most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT-WATER  APPARATUS 

for  Heating  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


HOBTICULTDRAL  STKUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCKIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES.  TENNIS  COURTS.  VERANDAHS.  &c. 


o  w 


as  5 


HOT-WATEB    APPABATXTS  for  WARMING  CHIfRCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES,  anil  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


The"INVIN( 

3IBLE"  LAWN  MOWER 

SAMUEL  EDWARDS'  PATENT.                    A 

f    AWARDED  the 

First  Prize 

at  each  of  the 

3  Great  Contests 

BIRMINGHAM, 
MANCHESTER, 
and  LONDON. 

Is  the 

GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 

WHEEL 

BARROWS. 

Horse-Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

side  Delivery. 

GOLD      MEDAL.                      jf 

BEST 

The  Only  Lawn  Mower  in  which  the         IM    , 
wood    regulating    Rollers   can    be    used        J^    / 
either  in  front  or  at  back  of  the  Mower.       jK    m 

in  the  Market 

VIDE 
RESULTS 

CONTESTS. 

PRICES  (including  Grass  Box), 

6in.        7.in.        S-in.        9  >"■        'o-m-       is-ia.       14-in.        i6-in.        iS-in.         2o-in.  24-in 

80s.  40a.  50s.  60s.  70s.  90s.  110s.  130g.  150s.  ITOs.  190s 

Sole  Makers:    JOHN  CROWLEY   &   CO., 


side  Delivery. 
30-in.  36-in  42-in. 
£22    £26    £30 

Sheffield. 


w 


ARNER'S  GARDEN  ENGINES 

WATER-BARROWS 


and 


are  of  the  best   Materials,   Strength  and   Construction,  in  a 

variety  of  sizes  and  forms.     Perfectly  reliable.     Special  Prize 

Medals  have  been  awarded  for  this  class  of  Machinery  to  Jno. 

Warner  &  Sons,  at  Exhibitions  held  at  Calcutta,  Nice,  London, 

Vienna,  Arnheim,  Mayence.  Brabant.  Brussels,  &c.  ;  and  Two 

Silver  Medals  awarded  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

Manufacturers  of  Garden  Syringes.  Fountains.  &c. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  upon  application  to 

JOHN  WARNER  and  SONS,  Hydraulicand  Horticultural 

Engineers,  The  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripplegate,  E.C.  ;  and  the 

Foundry  Worltf,  Walton-on.the-Naze,  Essex. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving   h    -.i^c-^i.  ^Vood,  rr  Stiine. 


H 


^    *»WA!W^ 


This  VARNISH  is  aa  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
Its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstandinKa  host  of  unprincipled 
im  tators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mtxing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  m  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  per  gallon, 
ictory.  or  is.  8d,  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

Fr<?m  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  The  Ryieys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  lUustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill    Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 


TOLftSSHOUSES&WEATING: 


BW.WA-K«U;RST 


L^Ia,  BBAITTOKT  STEiiET.  CHELSEA,  8.W. 


l^/' 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'    Chronicle"    fm 
CQmmencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.O.O.  ^_^____ 


1886. 
Months, 


^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  ""^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  -  ,2  Months,  £i  y.  lod. ;    6  Months,  11..  iid.  ;    3  Months,  6.. ;  Post-free.  ^ 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :-Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Zs.  2d. 

P.O.O.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUAfMOND." 


9^ 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  17,'  i§ 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Lim  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines... ;^o 
5 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 


15  Lines... £0  8 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 


9 

o  9 

o  10 

o  10 

O  II 

O  II 

O  12 

O  12 

o  13 

o  13 

R   HVERV   ADDITIONAL    LINK. 

,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  301. 
..        -        ..£g    o    o 
_        ..500 
3     5     o 


GAEDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS,  6(/. ,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  Q  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-if^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marbiaghs.  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week   MUST   reach  the  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Parable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  £,\  33.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months.  113.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign  (exceptinE   India  and   China) :    includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 

PiiBLisHiNG  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


Cucumber  Frames 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention   to  their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  ihey  always  have   a   large   stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      1  hey  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England :—       £  s.  a. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p^^^i         (       f  lo    o 
3-  ight  frame,  la  feet  by  6  fee    V(,  (^\^  )       =     ^    o 

6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet )  ^     xo    o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester. 


*  Gather  Honey  from  Tour  Flowers." 


NEIGHBOUR'S     CELEBRATED 

BEE-HIVES 


For  talcing  Honey  without 

the  Destruction  of 

the  Bees. 

Philadelphia  Exhibition,  1876. 
Paris  Exhibition,  1878, 

TAree  Silver  Medals  and  several 

others  awarded  to 
GEO.  NEIGHBOUR  &  SONS 

COTTAGE    BEEHIVE, 

as  originally  introduced  by  them, 
working  three  bell-glasses  or  tray 
of  sectional  supers,  is  neatly  and 
trongljj 


,  the  ! 


Hii 


is  Hive  will  be  found  to  pos- 
maoy  practical  advantages, 
J  more  easy  of  management 
any  other  that  has  been 
troduced. 

Price,  complete,  £1  15   0 
Stand  for  ditto,     0  10    6 


THE    GUINEA    FRAME    HIVE, 


Wilh  metal  ends  to  Standard  Frames,  and  extra  space  at 
the  sides  to  admit  of  chaff  or  other  packing  ;  also  a  double 
quilt  for  the  cover  and  a  case  of  i  lb.  Sections  wilh  cover  are 
included.  PrlCO,  unfamlid,  21s. 

"THE  APIARY,"  by  Alfred  Neighhour,  51. 

CATALOGUE   of  Imfroz'ed  Hives    and  AfpUances,  with 
Drawings  and  Prices. 

GEO.    NEIGHBOUR    &    SONS, 
127,    HIGH    HOLBORN,  LONDON,    W.C, 

and    149,    REGENT    STREET,    LONDON,    W. 

Estahlislud  1815. 

LONDON-MADE    HOSE    and    FITTINGS. 

SHAND,  MASON  &  CO.'S 


F>/^R  I  SI  AN  llNEWiED  RUBBEi 


GREENHOUSE 


MADE  of  WOOD  and  ZINC  ONLY. 

AWARDED  40  PRIZE  SiEDALS 

Sole  Agents  for  Great  Britain, 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

„'J°.S,.°L^°«s  D  ARLINGTON. 


(mineralized  ANTIMONIALJ 


Is  made  of  Pure  Rubber,  by  a  Special  Process.  It  does  not 
crack  or  peel  as  ordinary  Vulcanised  Indiarubber  Hose,  and 
is  of  great  durability.  One  quality  only  is  made,  which  is 
guaranteed  to  stand  ^oo  lb.  to  the  square  inch. 

The  fittings  are  of^  Gun-metal,  of  the  most  improved  pattern. 


■efully  ai 
ended  for  Fir 


llhoi 


To  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

PARTNER  WANTED.— A  young  Gentle- 
man (experienced)  is  anxious  to  meet  with  a  PARTNER 
in  above  Trade,  or  to  PURCHASE  an  ESTABLISHED 
BUSINESS,  in  or  near  London.— Apply  by  letter  to  R.  V.  P., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  OfTice,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, W.C. 

Working  Head  Gardener. 

WANTED,  a  strong  active  married  MAN, 
under  40  years  of  age.  Must  be  experienced  in  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Stove,  Greenhouse,  Vineries,  Orchard, 
and  Melon  Houses. — Apply,  stating  wages  and  particulars  of 
last  situation,  to  Mr.  BURRELL,  Wesilcy  Hall,  Bury  St. 
Edmunds. 

WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  tlioroughly 
understanding  Herbaceous  Nursery  Wo'ik.  Carnations, 
and  Roses,  and  how  to  produce  Small  Market  Hardy  Plants 
in  quantity.  None  need  apply  unless  practically  expeiienced. — 
J.  LOADSTONE  (The  Lady  Flori:ti,  The  Gardens,  Llanelly, 
Carmarthenshire. 


Hoigcultui^  Works,' 


SHAND.    MASON    &    CO.. 
75,  Upper  Ground  Street,  BlacKfriars  Eoad,  London. 

E     P      P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Comhill,  London. 
Capital  £1,000.000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     rT2,ooo    Accidents,    ;^2, 315,000. 

Chairman,  Hahvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Sutions,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :— 8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C. ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  Comhill.  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN  for 
Nursery — must  understand  propat;ating  Young  Pl:.nts 
and  Bulbs  ff,r  Cut  Flower  Trade.— Address,  with  wage?,  &c  , 
SHAW  BROS.,  Knostrop,  Leeds. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  in 
a  Small  Nursery,  mu^t  lhorou§hly  understand  all 
branches  of  Cut  Flower  Tiade,  good  Glimmer  and  Packer. 
Wages  26s.  per  week  and  cottage. — Apply  wiih  references  to 
H.  MILLER.  Hatlesden  Park  Nursery,  Harlesden.  N.  W. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  an  energetic  and 
practical  WORKING  PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER 
of  Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Plants  for  Market ;  well  up  in  Wreaths, 
Crosses,  and  Bouquets  ;  good  Salesman  and  thorough  know- 
ledge of  Nurseiy  and  Seed  Trade.  Must  be  willing  to  make 
himself  generally  useful.  Nor.e  need  apply  that  cannot  pro- 
duce character  as  to  ability  and  sobriety  ;  young  man,  married, 
preferred.  Wages,  ^t^s.  per  week,  with  house  free.— ISAAC 
MATTHEWS  AND  SON.Nurserymen,  Milton,  Stoke-on-Trent. 

ANTED,   AT    ONCE,    a    steady    indus- 

trious  Man,  as  GROWER  of  Cut  Flowers  ard  Plar.ts 
for  a  General  Trade.  None  but  those  taking  an  interest  in 
their  calling  need  apply. — State  age,  wages,  experience,  &c., 
to  W.  BARRACK.  Florist.  Kendal. 

WANTED,  IMPROVER,  with  premium, 
under  glass,  in  a  large  establishment ;  age  not  ut^der  ' 
no.  State  experience,  testimonials,  &c.  Bothy.— A.  EVANS, 
Lylhe  Hill,  Haslemere. 

WANTED,  a  TRAVELLER.  —  A  great 
Horticultural  Establishment  en  the  Continent,  growinjj 
especially  Stove  Plants,  wants  for  its  Agent  in  the  United  Mates 
ot  America  a  trustworthy  man,  of  thorough  experience,  skilful 
in  the  knowledge  of  his  business  and  lully  acquainted  with 
above-named  plants.  —  CATTLEYA,  Gardenfrs'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


WANTED,  AT  ONCE,asCORRESPOND- 
ING  CLERK.  Preference  given  to  a  man  who  can 
Write  Shorthand  ;  must  be  a  quick  and  neat  writer.  This  is  an 
exceptional  opportunity  for  a  man  of  good  character,  as  the 
situation  will  be  both  a  comfortable,  permacent,  and  progres- 
sive one. — Apply  in  own  handwriting,  staling  ag*",  and  giving 
particulars  of  engagements  and  salary  requiied,  to  THOMAS 
S.  WARE,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottennam,  London. 


WANTED,  a  married  MAN,  no  family  ;  \6s. 
per  week  to  look  after  Pony,  Cart-horse,  Milking, 
Lawn-Mowing,  and  to  be  very  useful  in  the  Garden.  Also  wife 
as  Charwoman  to  Uve  in  Lodge  at  Gaie.-Sir  CHARLES 
PIGOTT,  Ban.,  Wexham  Park,  Slough.  Bucks. 


WANT    PLACES, 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
tlie  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Names  a7td  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  7vish  Repeated. 


Gardenera,  Head  and  Under. 

THE  BIRMINGHAM  and  MIDLAND 
COUNTIES  GARDENERS'  MUTUAL  IMPROVE- 
MENT ASSOCIATION  have  upon  their  Register  COM- 
PETENT and  ENERGETIC  MEN  of  excellent  character. 
Ladies  or  Gentlemen  requiring  either  of  the  ab?ve,  can  obtain 
particulars  byapplying  to  J.HUGHES,  Hon.  Secretary.  North* 


wood  Villas.  Metchley  Lai 


,  Ha 


,  Bir 


linehai 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,   BAILIFFS    or  GARDhNERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom.  W.C. 

O     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A, 

McIntyrb  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodellmg  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park.  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

I  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c  — St.  John  s  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


GARDENERS,  FARM  BAILIFFS,  and 
FORESTERS  —We  are  always  in  a  position  to  recom- 
mend MEN  of  the  highest  respectability,  and  thoroughly 
practical  at  their  business,  readily  furnishing  full  particulars  on 
application.— JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "Newton" 
■  s.  Chester.  


GARDENER  (HEAD)  ;  age  29,  married  when 
suited.— R.  Hubbard,  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall, 
KetteriDg.  Northamptonshire,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man. 
Fifteen  years'  experience.  Excellent  references  from  past  and 
present  employers. 


July  I7,''i88d.j" 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


95 


GARDENER  (Head).  — Age  38,  married, 
three  children  ;  twelve  years'  IQ  present  situation. 
Satisfactory  reas  jns  for  leaving. —GARDENER,  Mr.  Turner, 
Cranfield  Court,  Newport  Pagneli.  

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30  ;  fourteen 
years'  e.\perience  in  England  and  H'rance  :  highest 
references  as  to  character  and  ability.— W.  Clark,  High  Street, 
Higham  Ferrers,  Northamptonshire. 

GARDENER  (Head).— R.  Walton,  Hilton 
Paik,  near  Wolverhampton,  requires  a  situation  as  above. 
Experience  in  all  branches  Highly  successful  Cultivator  of 
Fruits.  Flowers,  and  Vegeubles. 

C:j.ARDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  family; 
■^  twenty-three  ye:irs'  thoroughly  experienced  in  Flowers, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Highest  references  and  character.— GAR- 
DENER, Craven  Cottage.  Royal  Nurseries.  Ascot. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept.  —Age  30;  married,  one  child.  Understands 
Vines,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Flowers,  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
— W.  ROSIER,  The  Laurels,  Wimbledon  Park. 

A  R  D  E  N  E  R    (Head)  ;    age   28.— Mr. 

Mitchell.  Head  Gardener  to  Sir  George  Elliot,  Bart.. 
M.P.,  Aberaman  Park,  Aberdate,  can  confidently  recommend 
his  Foreman,  f.  Tebby,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  who  may 
require  a  thorough  practical  man. 


GARDENER  (Head).— John  Derricut, 
for  the  last  eleven  years  Gardener  to  the  late  Sir  H. 
Edwards.  Birt.,  C.B.,  seeks  re-engagement  in  good  establish- 
ment. Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Highest  refer- 
ences.—Pye  Nest,  Halifax. 


GARDENER  (Head),— Thorough  practical 
allround  man— Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables  :  also 
Kitchen  and  FIowerGaTdeniag.  Character  will  bear  the  s 
investigation.  Thirteen  years  in  last  place.  Highly 
mended  by  present  and  previous  employers.  Present  pi; 
be  seen.— alpha.  Kerne  Road.  Ditton  Hill,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  several  are 
kept. — Thoroughly  experienced  in  all  Branches  of  the 
profession,  understands  the  Management  of  Poultry  and  Stock. 
Three-and-a-half  years  Head  Gardener  in  present  situation, 
five  years  in  last.- HEAD  GARDENER,  A.  StedaU,  Esq., 
The  Chestnuts,  Denmark  Hill,  S.E. 

/•:j.ARDENER    (Head).  —  Married,  one  son 

vj  (age  15);  Scotch  trained.  Twenty  >ears'  experience  as 
head  in  good  eitablishments  in  the  Early  and  Late  Forcing  o( 
all  kinds  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  thorough  know- 
ledge of  Orchids,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Trees,  Shrubs, 
and  Hardy  Flowers,  Laving  out  and  Planting  New  Gardens, 
first-class  re!erences.-W.  ARMSTRONG.  27,  Salisbury  Road, 
Upper  Holloway,  N. 

'ARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING);  married, 

no  children. -J.  MoRTER,  Esq.,  can  with  confidence 
^end  his  Gardener  as  a  thorougn,  trustworthy,  practical 
GARDENER,  Fuchsia  Cottage,  Hanworth,  Middlesex, 


G 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  27  ; 
fourteen  years"  experience,  and  has  a  thorough  practical 
knowledge  of  all  matters  relative  to  Horticulture.  Highly 
recommended.— JNO.  JENKS.  Oaken,  near  Wolverhampton. 


(^  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

\^  or  more  are  kept. — Age  34,  single;  twenty  years'  ex- 
perience in  gocd  establishments.  Seven  years  in  present  situa- 
tion as  Gardener  to  E.  Leigh  Pemberlon.  Esq.  Good  references. 
—J.  BUTT,  Torry  Hill.  Sutingbourne. 

G"'aRDENE"r~(Head  Working),  age  28, 
married  when  suited  —£i  given  for  assistance  to  obtain 
situation  as  ab^ve  ;  experienced  in  all  branches.  Well  recom- 
mended. Churchman,  many  years  Chorister.— JOHN  TAY- 
LOR, 80.  Cleaveland  Road,  Surbiton,  Surrey. 


GARDENER    (Head     Working).— 
Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.     Good  character 
for  conduct  and  ability.     Leaving  through  death  of  employer. — 
'"—   1^* House,    Collier's  Wood,   Lower 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 
eighteen  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of 
the  professit  n.  Highly  recommended  as  to  character  and 
capability.  Could  Manage  Land  and  Stock  if  required. — 
G.  MARSHALL,  2,  Cumberland  Terrace,  Bramford  Road, 
Ipswich. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
handed). — Age  25  :  twelve  years'  experience  :  can  be 
well-recommended.— W.  F.,  3,  Rymer  Street,  Dulwich  Road, 
Heme  Hill. 

GARDENER  (HEAD,  or  good  Single- 
handed)— Age  27;  understands  Early  and  Late  Forc- 
ing of  Grapes,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardening.  Fourteen  years'  experience  ;  good  refer- 
ence.    Abstainer. — G.  T..  5.  Bury  Fields,  Guildford. 


GARDENER  (Head  or  Single-handed). 
— Seventeen  years'  experience.  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons, 
Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Stove,  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  Ferns. 
Five  years'  good  character.— S.  WILSON,  Lexden  Park,  Col- 

ARDENER.— Onechild(age  9);  thoroughly 

understands  his  work  in  all  branches.     Wife  would  lake 
Dairy  or  Cook  —  F.  S.,  Lynlon  Place,  Goat  Road,  Enfield, 

GARDENER.— A  Gentleman    wishes    to 
recommend  his  late  Under-Gardener.  who  has  only  left 
him  through  reduction  of  establishment.  _More  than  two  years' 


GARDENER.— Age  44;  thoroughly  under- 
stands Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  Laying-out 
and  Planting.— T.  BARTRAM,  Post-ofBce,  Maindee,  New- 
port, Mon.  

GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED),  Or  Other- 
wise.—Married  ;  no  objection  to  Cows  or  Pony.  Over 
three  years'  character.— H.  BERRISFORD,  Hon.  W.  M. 
Jervis,  Quamdon,  Derby. 


GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED),  or  where 
help  is  given.  -Thoroughly  well  up  to  the  work  of  a 
good  Garden.  Good  character  and  references.- J.  BROWN, 
3,  Staten  Gardens,  Twickenham. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
others  are  kept.— Married,  no  family:  good  practical 
workman  in  Conservatory,  Fernery,  Cucumbers,  Flower,  Fruit, 
and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Good  references.— J.,  Willow  Cottage, 
Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED).  — Young, 
single  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  Glass,  Flowers, 
especially  Roses,  and  Herbaceous  and  Kitchen  Gardening. 
Satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving.  Good  character  and  recom- 
mendations.—J.  KEMP,  Great  Warley,  Brentwood,  Essex. 

ARDENER  (SECOND  or  SINGLE-HANDED), 
— Age  24,  single  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  all  branches  : 
good  character.— M.  L.  D.,  45.  High  Street,  Watford,  Herts. 

GARDENER,  good  Second  under  a  Fore- 
man.— Four  years'  good  pergonal  character  from  present 
Employer.— G.  H.  LEE,  Orchard  House,  Crayford,  Eri.h 
Delivery,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (SECOND),  where  four  or  five 
are    kept    Indoors    and    Out.— Good    character. — State 
wages  to  S.TUCKER,  sr, Upper  P.rrk  Road,  Hampstead.N.W. 

GARDENER  (Second).— Age  24  ;  ten 
years'  good  practical  cxp-rience.  Well  recommended 
from  present  and  previous  places.  — R.  PAGE,  The  Gardens, 
Margery  Hall,  Reigatc,  Surrey.  


GARDENER  (Second),  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.—Age  24  ;  ten  years'  practical  experience  in 
all  branches.  Twelve  months'  good  character. — J.  D.,  73A. 
Manor  Street,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (good  Second),  where  three 
or  four  are  kept. — Age  sr,  tingle  :  seven  years'  experi- 
ence in  Housework  and  other  branches  of  the  profession.  Seven 
years'  character  from  present  employer.  Abstainer.— JNO.  R. 
CATON.  Messrs.  A.  Ross  &  Son,  Nurseries,  Kendal. 


/^ARDENER    (Second),    or    FIRST 

vJ  JOURNEYMAN  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ;  good  expe- 
rience Inside  and  Out.  Good  character  ;  distance  no  object. — 
J.  FLETCHER,  Harleyford  Garden,  Great  Marlow,  Bucks. 


GARDENER    (Under).  — Age  23;    know- 
ledge of  General  Routine.     Five  years'  good  character. 
— W.  G.,  North  Cottage,  Sulina  Road,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Under),  where  three  are 
kept. — Could  see  to  one  or  two  cows  if  required.  Please 
state  wages.  Good  character. — J.  E.  B,,  Tackley,  near 
Oxford. 


r^  ARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  Gentle- 

VJX  man's  garden. — Age  20  ;  five  years'  experience  indoors 
and  out.— G.  STUART,  Milton  Cottage,  Winchester  Road. 
Portswood,  near  Southampton. 


/^.ARDENER    (Under).— Age    24;     eight 

\^  years'  experience,  two  years'  good  character.  Highly 
recommended ;  abstainer.  —  K.  BEAMS,  58,  High  Street, 
Dorking,  Surrey. 

A R D ENER    (Under),    or    JOURNEY- 

MAN  :  outsif'e  preferred  ;  age  2t.— Mr.  Thompson, 
Gardener,  Frickley  Hall,  Doncaster,  can  thoroughly  recommend 
a  young  man  as  above.  Six  years'  experience,  chiefly  in  the 
Houses.   

GARDENER  or  FLORIST.— Young ;    has 
had  seven  years'  experience.~A.  L.,  Oak  Villa,  Lome 
Road,  Forest  Gate,  E. 


To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

FOREMAN,  or  the  Management  of  a  garden. 
— Well  up  in  Growing  Grapes.  Cucumbers,  Melons  ; 
understanding  In  and  Oui-of-door  Work.  House  and  Table 
Decorations.— F.  FIELD,  Lower  Rin^wood,  Reigate,  Surrey. 


FOREM.A.N,  in  the  Houses,  or  otherwise,  in 
a  good  establishment  —Age  26  ;  ten  years'  practical 
experience.  Can  be  well  recommended.  ^\  given  for  assistance 
to  obtain  a  situation  as  above.— W.,  Mr.  Nurse,  Belmont  Place, 
Malvern  Wells. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  Outdoor.— Age  36;  twenty 
years'  experience  in  Roses,  Conifers.  Fruit,  Forest,  and 
other  Siock.  Management  of  Men,  &c.  Eight  years  in  last 
place.-HORTUS,  Gardeners'  ChronicU  Office,  41,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

OREMAN  ;   age  2S.— Lucombe,  Pince  & 

Co..  Exeter  Nurseries,  Devonshire,  would  be  pleased 
to  hear  ot  a  Foreman's  place  for  one  of  good  recommendation  \ 
abstainer.  Ten  and  a  half  years'  experience.  Inside  and  Out, 
in  Noblemen's  and  Gentlemen's  Gardens  ;  knowledge  of  House 
Decorations.     Please  state  wages.      Distance  no  object 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good  estab- 
Hshmerit.— Age  27  ;  twelve  years'  experience  in  Growing 
Vires.  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbars,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants  and  Orchids.  Well  represented  by  present  and  previous 
employer.— M.  FIELD,  Stockton  House,  Codford  St.  Mary, 
Bath. 

OREMAN,    in    the    Houses,    or   Single- 

HANDED.— Nearly  five  years  in  last  situation.  Can  be 
well  recommended  — W.  B,,  Dunks  Green,  Tonbringe,  Kent. 

OURNEYMAN    (First),   in   the   Houses  ; 

age  24.  —  T.  Cai*ter.  Gardener,  Popringe  House, 
Faversham,  Kent,  can  with  confidence  recommend  to  any 
Gardener  requiring  a  steady,  trustworihy  man,  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out— Age  23  ; 

t'      can  be   well   recommended.  —  E.    C,    Little   Gaddesden 
House,  Berl<hampstead. 

JOURNEYMAN,    in    the     Houses,     under 
Foreman,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  20  ;  good  cha- 
racter.—S.  THATCHER.  The  Gardens,  River  Mead,  Sunbury. 


JOURNEYMAN,  or  to  make  himself  useful  in 
the  garden.- Age    tq  ;  four  years'  experience  and  good 
references,— H.  BENNEl'T,  Steeple  Aston,  Oxon. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— 
D.  C.  PowBLL,  wishes  to  recommend  the  above.  Six 
years*  t  xperience  ;  two  years  in  present  situatron. — The  Gar- 
dens, Powderham  Castle,  Exeter^ 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  24; 
nine  years'  e-\perience,  well  recommended,  good  knowledge 
of  Orchids.  Total  abstainer.— J.  WHITE,  The  HatmiHs, 
Brenchley.  Kent. 


To  Head  Gardeners. 

JOURNEYMAN,  for  the  Houses  ;  age  21.— 
J.  Godfrey,  Ashwick  Hall,  Marshfield.  Chippenham, 
Wilts,  wishes  to  recommend  an  intelligent  young  man  as  above. 
Can  make  himself  useful  in  Kitchen  Garden,     Total  abstainer. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden  where  gardening  in  all  branches  is  carried  on. — 
Five  years'  good  character. — W.  L.,  Long  Cross  House, 
Chertsey. 


IMPROVER;  age  19.— T.  Carlton,  Gar- 
dener to  Lord  Hillingdon.  will  be  pleased  to  highly  recom- 
mend the  above  to  any  Head  Gardener  requiring  a  steady  and 
industrious  young  man,  employed  in  the  Houses  here  five 
years.  — F.  CRABB.  The  Gardens,  Wilderness.  Sevenoaks. 

''rO  GENTLEMEN  and  GARDENERS.— 

X  C.  Fox,  late  Foreman  to  Mr.  R.  Green,  Florist,  London, 
at  his  growing  establishment,  seeks  a  situation  in  a  private 
Establishment.  Good  character  and  testimonials.  Married  ; 
age  35.— C.  F.,  Grosvenor  Cottage,  Wellington  Road,  North 
Houn^low. ^ 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  GARDENERS, &c.— 
Situation  wanted  by  a  young  man.  Understands  Vines, 
Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  &c.  Willing  to  fill  uptime 
at  Painting,  Glazing,  and  Repairs.  Good  character.— G.,  i6, 
Liverpool  Buildings,  Livepool  Road,  Islington,  N. 

O   NOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 

GARDENERS.— The  Advertiser  wishes  to  place  his 
son  {age  r8)  under  a  thorough  practical  man.  Would  not  object 
to  give  a  small  Premium  Has  been  two  years  in  a  garden. — 
M.  T.,  U7,  Marine  Parade.  Brighton,  Sussex. 

O     FOREMEN     and     GARDENERS.— 

Wanted,  a  Situation,  in  the  Houses  under  Foreman : 
age  21  ;  two-and.a-half  years'  good  character.  —  J.  F.,  8, 
Frogley  Road,  East  Dulwich.  S.li. 

O ~N URS E RY MEN.— Wanted,    a    situa- 

the   Houses.     Age    19:    hree  and  a  half  years' 
;ed  to  general  Nursery  Work.    Can  be  well  recom- 
ded.-j.  H.,  I,  Rhymer  Street,  Herne  Hill,  S  E. 


T 


.vpei 


TO  NOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 
GARDENERS —The  Advertiser  wishes  to  place  his 
nephew  (age  17)  under  a  thorough  practical  mm.  Would  not 
object  to  give  a  small  Premium.-H.  BARNARD,  Chase  Side 
Nursery,  Southgate,  London,  N. 

MANAGERr~or  TRAVELLEK.  —  Thirty 
years'  experience  in  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 
Unexceptionable  references.- J.  R.  CARAWAY,  2,  Nursery 
Villas,  Clifton,  Bristol, 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.— 
Twenty-eight  years  experience  in  all  branches  appertain- 
ing to  Seed  and  Bulb  Business  Routine.  Accustomed  to  brisk 
Counter  Trade.  Efficient  Correspondent.  Well  versed  in 
Planu.— G.,  r.  London  Road.  Yeovd. 

SHOPMAN,  or  otherwise. — Thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade.  Five  years  with  Messrs.  Webb 
&  Sons,  of  Wordsley,  and  other  good  references.— W.  J. 
WILLS,  Audnam,  Stourbridge. 


SHOPMAN  (or  SECOND).— Fourteen  years' 
experience  in  the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Trade.  Satisfac. 
tory  references  from  present  employers.  Messrs.  Nutting 
&  Son,  London.- A.  S.,  Mrs.  Brown,  48,  Olney  Street, 
Walworth  Road,  London,  S.E. ' 

To  Nurserymen. 

SALESMAN,  in  Greenhouses,  and  to  assist 
in  pfRce  if  required.  Has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
Execution  of  Orders,  Value  of  Plants,  &c  :  seven  years'  experi- 
ence in  a  large  Provincial  Nursery. -H.  W.  M.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  ^i,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SALESMAN,    or     KNIFESMAN.  —  Tho- 
roughly  competent   in    General   Nursery    Work;     good 
references.— WM  JONES.  Bowling  Green,  Powick,  Worcester. 

rpRAVELLEK,   in   the    Nursery    and    Seed 

-I-  Trade — Has  had  several  years'  experience  in  both 
branches,  and  can  produce  first.class  references  from  previous 
employers.  —  H.  M..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

CLERK,  in  the  Nursery  or  Seed  Trade. — 
Good  Book-keeper  and  Correspondent,  and  well  experi- 
enced in  both  branches.  First-class  testimonials. — A.  R., 
Gi/vAnfwC/iro/dV/irOIBce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


FIREMAN  and  USEFUL  MAN  in  a 
Nursery.— Has  been  with  Messrs.  H.  Low  &  Co.  nine 
years.  Can  have  first-class  references.- H.  J.,  6r,  Sixth  Avenue 
Bush  Hill  Park,  Enfield. 

r^ARPENTER   and  JOINER  on   a  Gentle- 

V^  man's  Estate,  and  HOUSE  PAINTING  and 
GLAZING  if  required.—  Married.  age  33.  no  encumbrance 
abstainers  ;  three  and  a  half  years  with  present  employer. — 
A.  BROOKER.  Renemham,  Menlen-on-Thames. 

HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
— Coughs,  Influenza. — The  soothing  properties  of  these 
medicaments  render  them  well  worlhy  of  trial  in  all  diseases  of 
the  lungs.  In  common  Colds  and  Influenza  the  Pills  lakea 
inietnally  and  the  Omtment  rubbed  externally  are  exceedingly 
eflicacious.  Wheu  Influenza  is  epidemic  this  treatment  is 
easiest,  safest,  and  surest.  HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and 
OINTMENT  purify  the  blood,  remove  all  obstructions  to  the 
free  circulalfton  through  the  lungs,  relieve  the  over-gorged  air 
tubes,  and  render  respiration  free,  without  reducing  the  strength, 
irritating  the  nerves,  or  depressing  ihe  spirits.  Such  are  the 
ready  means  of  saving  sufTering  when  afflicted  with  Colds, 
Coughs,  Bronchitis,  and  other  complaints  by  which  so  many  ar» 
seriously  and  permanently  afflicted  in  most  couatriesi^  - 


96 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  17,  1886. 


IMPORTANT  TO  GARDENERS. 


FRANCIS  &  CO. 

SUPPLY:- 

I.— Garden  Syringes  of  all  kinds. 

2. —  Indiarubber  Delivery  and  Suction  Hose. 

3. — Galvanised  Wire  Netting. 

4. — Indiarubber  Door  and  Carriage  Mats. 

5.  —  Gutta-percha  Goods. 

6. — Superior  Waterproof  Garments. 

Barometers,  Thermometers,  and  Rain  Gauges. 

Prepared  Chloride  of  Ammonia  for  destroying  Insects. 

■Teleeraph  In 


7-— 


-Insulaied  and  Galvanised  Iron  Wires. 
-Medical  and  other  Batteries. 
-Lightning  Conductors. 
-Electric  House  Belli. 
-Fire  and  Burglar  Alarms. 
-Speiking  Tubes. 

-Adjustable  Electric  Thermometers. 
-  Disinfect  iog  Fluids,  Special. 
-Francis  &  Co.'s  Insect  Destroyer. 
-Garden  Tools  of  every  description. 
-Quotations  for  every  requisite. 


ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

For  GREENHOUSES,  VINERIES, 

CONSERVATORIES,    FORCING    PITS, 

INCUBATORS,  and  for  FIRE. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

"  Your  Thermomettrs  are  now  in  all  the  Sheds,  and 
to  you  art  we  indebted  fjr  uniformly  drong  and  healthy 
Plant!." 

"  /  ast  night  your  Electric  Tell-tale  saved  what  is 
trobab.'v  the  finest  house  of  Vines  in  the  Kingdom." 

"  Your  Electric  Thermometer  is  a  mighty  good  thing, 
and  no  Wine  Grower  should  be  without  them.  Timely 
notice  of  approaching  frost  means  the  saving  of  perhaps 
a  whole  crop. " 

THE 

ADJQSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETER 

Is  so  applied,  that  when  the  temperature  either  rises 
above  or  falls  below  the  degree  at  which  it  may  be  set. 
a  bell  is  sounded  or  other  signal  given  at  however  great 
a  distance.  Any  number  of  Thermometers  may  be 
employed  with  the  same  Bell,  so  that  every  point  can  be 
under  thorough  protection  at  COMPARATIVELY 
TRIFLING  EXPENSE. 

FRANCIS  AND  CO.'S  Thermometers  are  largely 
employed  by  Wine  Growers  in  the  open  as  well  as  under 
Glass,  and  are  most  valuable  for  Conservatories,  Green- 
houses, Forcing  Pits,  Hospital  Wards,  and  in  the  process 
of  Incubation. 

Used  throughout  the  Ostrich  Farms  of 
South  Africa. 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

Also  form  the  most  perfect  PROTECTION  AGAINST 
FIRE,  the  ever  ready  Alarm  signalling  the  very  first 
outbreak  instantly. 

Readily  applied.    Fitted  with  ease  and  certainty. 
PRICES, 

Large  Bell.  Wire.  Push,  and  Battery,  com-   £  s.  d. 

plete  for  any  communication        . .       ..ISO 

Ordinary  Thermometers,  from— each         ..010 

Registering        .,        „        „        0   16 

Insulated  Wire,  Galvanised  Wireand  Insulators  as  desired. 
Bells,  Batteries,  Thermometers,  &c. ,  separate  if  required. 

ALSO 

ELECTRIC 

FIRE    ALARMS, 

and  ELECTRIC  HOUSE  BELLS, 

As  supplied  to  the  Government  Offices  and  Railway 

Companies. 

ALL    GOODS    GUARANTEED. 

The £,'i  set  delivered,  carriage  paid,  at  nearest 

Railway  Station. 

FRANCIS   &   CO., 

Telegraph  Engineers  and  Government  Contractors, 

EAGLE    TELEGRAPH   WORKS, 
HATTON  GARDEN    LONDON,  E.G. 

SEND  for  CATALOGUE. 


GREENHOUSES,   VINERIES,    RANGES,    CONSERVATORIES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c. 

Constructed  to  the  most  artistic  designs,  of  the  best  materials,  at  the  lowest  prices. 

THE  EFFICIENCY  OF  ALL  WORK,    INCLUDING  BOILERS  AND  HEATING  APPARATUS,  GUARANTEED. 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  Designs,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  of  charge. 


HUGHES'  FIRTREE-OIL 


DIRECTIONS 
WITH   EACH. 


HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  for  Glass  Houses. 

Convenient,  Inexpensive.  Easily  Applied.  Lasts  all  tlie  Summer,  and 
can  then  be  easily  washed  off.     Is.,  post  Is.  3d. 

Also,  CKEAM  SHADING,  9d.  per  box,  per  post  Is. 

HUGHES'   FLORAL  CEMENT  for  fixing  bloom 

in  Azaleas,  ire,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.  A  preat  boon  to  Flonats  and  all 
lovers  of  Flowers.  Dries  instantly.  Sold  in  bottles,  Is.  and  28..  Per 
Post,  3d.  I 

HUGHES'  STYPTIC,  for  preventing  Vines  bleeding  after  Pruning. 
Very  effectual  m  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being  wasted.  In  bottles,  1/6  and 
2/6.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'    TROPICAI    BEETLE   POWDEE,   for   Destroying 

Beetles,  Cockroaches,  Crickets,  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosqmtos,  &c.  Most  effectual  in  Greenhouses,  for  Animals,  and  Bcd-dotUin?. 
Price,  6d.,  Is.,  and  23.  6d.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 

A  TREATISE  on   FIR-TREE  OIL  as  an  Insecticide,  and  on  the  Uses  and  Application  of  the  above  Preparations, 
sent  POST  FREE,  on  receipt  of  address,   by 

E.  G.  HUGHES  Operative  Chemist.  Victoria  Street,  MANCHESTER.  Wholesale  from  aU 
the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Merchants,  Wholesale  Druggists,  and 
Patent  lledioine  Houses. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

vineries.  Stoves,  Greenliouaes,  Peacn  Houses,  Forcliig  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 
perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.  We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  the  vrrv  best.  .  i  l  -  e  e  c 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  vnthout  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  ot  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.  Hot- Water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 
in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock.  .    „.     ^ 

Flans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues /ree.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  ofthi  Kmgdcm. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  tias  been — 

UODBRATE    CHARGES  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Edito 

Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bra..»„„.    ..„.,„..,  „  ^^  ,  „„,„„„„  „„..^.,  .  .. .,  -..,  -. , 

•aid  William  Richakds,  u  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Su«t,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  July  17, 1886, 


Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher  "  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Co\'ent  Garden,  London.  W.C. 
Agnkw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefnars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  the 
:.  D....!*..  n k  r*....i-«  :..  *k.  ^oM  ^n,,n*« d.i.i,Dr.&v   T,,t\r  T.,  vRRA  Agciit  foi  Mauchcster — John  Heywoou* 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estaljlisteti  1841. 


No.  656.— Vol.  XXVI.  {ser^.es.}        SATURDAY,  JULY  24,  i.' 


J   Registered  at  the  General  ?      Price   5d. 
■j  Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,    5W. 


CONTENTS. 

Acorn  Galls 

Fruits,  tropical     ..        ..     121 

Adiantum  Capilliis-Vene- 

,,     under  glass             ..      116 

ris  var.  grandis 

H.malayan          Hemlock 

Apiary,  the 

Spruce,  hardiness  of..      11! 

Azalea  occidenlalis 

Irisfilifolia           ..          ..      iii 

Black      Country     flow  er 

Kapok        114 

shows 

Boiler  competition,  Liver- 

pool         

iiH 

Leichtlm's,  Max,  garden     loi 

Howl  Managed  to  Im- 

Moth, the  bro/n,  or  small 

prove  my  tstate 

swift        117 

Botanical  Magazine 

Odontoglossum,             the 

Carnation       ground       at 

genus 10: 

V  eitch's 

III 

Orchid  notes  and  glean- 

Carpenteria  cahfomica  . . 

Chiswick    Scientific    So- 

Phylloxera in  Algeria    ..      112 

ciety       

Plants  and  their  culture     116 

Chondrorrhyncha  Lendy- 

Potato  disease,  the         ..     J14 

ana 

Rosery,  the          . .          . .      115 

Cistus  family,  the 

Seeds  transplanted  by  in- 

Colour,  Look  on  . . 

lift 

Societies:- 

„     inheritance.. 

ii« 

Chiswick  Horticultural     i-o 

Florists'  flowers  . . 

120 

Hull,  East   Kidiiig  and 

Flower  garden,  the 

1(6 

North      Lincolnshire     119 

Foreign  horticulturists  in 

Nottingham    Horticul- 

England 

tural  and  Botanical  .     119 

Forestry    .. 

i.fi 

Trees  and  Shrubs            ..      loi 

frruit  cr.  ps,  report  on  the 

Tweed    vinery,     Cloven- 

condition of  the 

fords       105 

„    „     the 

Veroi.ica  salicornoides  ..      114 

„     „     the,     of     Nova 

Violas  as  summer  bedding 

Scotia 

"5 
118 

plants 118 

Weather 122 

ILLUSTR 

ATIONS. 

,-- 

Moth,  the  bwilt,  atd  Pupa 

117 

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents^  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


Now  Ready,  In  cloth,  I63. 
"THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

I         Volume  XXV.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Vi'ellinston  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


"THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  for  America  :— C.  H.  MAROT,  8t4.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington.  S.W. 
NOTICE  !  —  COMMITTEE    MEETINGS,     Fruit    and 
Floral,  at  11  a.m.,  in  the  Conservatory  ;  Scientific  at  1  p  M.,  in 
the  Lindley  Library,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  27. 
NATIONAL  CARNATION  and  PICOTEE  SOCIETY'S 
SHOW. 
N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  la  o'clock,  and  the  Public  at  i  o'Clock. 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE  HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY'S  GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW, 
Delapre  Park,  Northampton,  AUGUST  2  and  3  (Bank  Holiday 
and  following  day).  ;£2S3  in  Prizes.  For  best  sixteen  Plants, 
C^i,  £10.  ;£5 ;  Central  Group  for  Conservatory  Decoration, 
i.^,  £>f>.  £'^  loj.  ;  twenty-four  Roses,  ^3.  £2,  £1,  &c.  Entries 
close  July  24.     Schedules  and  full  particulars  from 

A.  FORBES,  Secretary,  Northampton. 

MATLOCK  BATH  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETVS  FIFTEENTH  EXHIBITION,  on 
SATURDAY.  August  7.  Upwards  of  ijIXTY  POUNDS 
given  in  PRIZES  io  Class  open  to  all  England.  For  Schedules 
apply  to  Mr.  A.  CLARK,  Matlock  Bath. 

ALNE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— 

The  TWENTY-SECOND  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION 
will  be  held  in  Bowood  Park,    Calne.  Wilts,    on  TUESDAY, 
August  17.  when  PRIZES  to  the  amount  ol  ONE  HUNDRED 
and  SEVENTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered.     Amongst  others 
are  the  following  Special  Prizes,  Open  to  all  England  :— 
12  varieties  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  ^15,  .^10.  £5. 
6  varieties  of  Ornamental  Foliage  Plants,  iiio,  £$,  £2  los. 
36  varieties  of  Roses,  Cup  or  £5,  £2  10s.,  £1  ros. 

Entries  Close,   August  10.      For  Schedules  and  other  par- 
ticulars, apply  to  FRED.  C.   HENLY.      1„       ^ 

HERBERT  HARRIS,  (  "°''  ^^ 


NARCISSUS    "SIR   WATKIN."— The 
largest  stock  of  this  (the   best)  Narciss  grown,   also  alt 
other  varieties  worthy  of  cultivation. 

Prictd  CATALOGUE,  post-free,  on  application. 
JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  Newton  Nu 


H 


OPWOOD  AND   SON,    Nurserymen, 

Hewlett  Road,  Cheltenham,  ofi"dr  the  following  :— 
EUCHAKIS  AMAZONICA  biooms  at  3t.  6^.  per  doien. 
STEPHANOTIS,  4J.  per  dozen  trusses. 

TERIS  TREMULA.-(3ut  of  6o's,  fine  stuff, 

i6j.  per  100,  packed  free  fcr  cash  with  order  ;   sample 
dozen  free  by  post,  2J.  6d. 

D.  LEVESQUE,  Brunswick  Nuisery,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 

MR.       D  0  D  W  E  L  L'S        GRAND 
"  CARNATIONS,"  the  finest  grown. 
50:0  Uobloomed  Seedlings,  warranted  of  the  highest  parent- 
age,   unrivalled    whether    lor    bedding    or  forcing    for  spring 
flowering.     3^.  6it.   per  dozen,  aii.  per  100.     Special  terms  for 
quantities.     Particulars  on  application. 

The  Cottage.  Stanley  Road.  Oxford. 


PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  elegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high,  45.  per  dozen.  251.  per  100.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaclng  20  inches  high.  12J. 
per  dozen  ;  less  quantity,  is.  j,d.  each.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-free.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 
The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  strong  j-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  all. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 
Other   Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 


PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 
—  Plants  now  ready  for  potting  m  single  pots.  First-class 
strains  {still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
t2  years).  PRIMUL».S  and  CINERARIAS— 12  for  xs.6d., 
24  for  as.  bd..  lOo  for  9s.       CYCLAMEN- r2  for  2S. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.  Oldlield  Nursery,  Altrincham  ; 
12.  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


Hyacinths.  Tulips,  Crocus,  &c. 

THE       NEW      WHOLESALE      TRADE 
CATALOGUE    is  no*   ready,    and  will  he  forwarded, 
post. free,  on  application. 

E.  J.  LOMANS,  Haarlem,  Holland. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIsTin 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  (lowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2r.  to  3\s.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  — RICHARD  SMITH  AND 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


SEEDS. — All    sorts    for    present    and    later 
sowing,  of  best  selected  qualities.     Carriage  and  post-free. 
Priced  CATALOGUE  on  application. 
JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  Royal  Nursery  and  Seed 
Business,  108,  Eastgate  Street,  Chester. 

OR  SALE,  40,000  GENISTAS,  in  thumbs, 

good  plants  for  shifting  to  48's.  at  ly.  per  100 :  is.  per 
100  for  CiSes  and  packing  ;  for  Cash  only.  Post-office  orders 
payable  at  Leyton  Green. 

T.  BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road, 
Leyton. 


FOR  SALE.  —  One  fine  PALM,  LATA- 
NIA BORBONICA.  12  feet  throuijh,  healthy. 
Price  5  guineas.  Also  one  PALM,  PHCENIX  DACTYLI- 
FERA,  8  feet  high  ;  3  guineas,  worth  double. 

M.  HUGHES,  Nurseryman,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham. 

ABBAGE  SEED    for    SALE.— Good    and 

,tock.      East    Ham    and    Early    Rainham.      Price 
lording  to  quantity. 
F.  WAGSTAFF.  Chalk  Pit  Farm.  Stiffoid.  Romford. 


c 


To  the  Trade 
CABBAGE  and  ONIO.V  SEED  lor  Autumn  Sowing. 

HAND   F.    SHARPE    have    fine    Selected 
•     Stocks  of  the  abovt-nanud  SEEDS,  which  they  are 
prepared  to  offer  at  very  advantageous  prices. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 


SPHAGNUM  MOSS— Best  quality,  to  be  dis- 
posed  of;    either  in  large  or  jmall  quantities. — Apply  to 
J.  SMYTHE,  The  Gardens,  Bisterne  Park,  Rmgwood,  Hants. 


Floral  ConunUsion  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  .  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


WANTED,  COMMISSIONS  in 
CLOVERS,  GRASSES,  GARDEN  and  AGRI- 
CULTURAL SEEDS  for  Bristol,  Wfsi  of  England,  and  South 
Wales.  P.  O.,  Athena:um,  Bristol. 

ANTED,         AUCUBA         JAPONICA 

CUTTINGS  in  quantity.     Price  per  1000  to 
G.  PHIPPEN,  Reading. 


w 


Camelllaa,  Azaleas,  Rhoilodendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

Sic.     Plants  grown  specially  for  Engli.h  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman 
•  Loc  Christy.  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
applK 


Hyacitiths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.   VAN    TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.-Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now   ready,   and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE    ROSES,    in    Pots, 
of  best  sorts  only,   in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  pDs^ible 
quality.     Priced  LIST  gratis.      A  Sample  Dozen  will  be  put  on 
rail,  carefully  packed  for  travelling,  on  receipt  of  ly.  6d. 
EVVJNG  AND  CO  ,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant.  Hants. 

OSES     IN     POTS.—  Her     Majesty,     the 

t  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 


R 


AND    CO  ,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 

New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class   Certificate).  — See  full  description   in   Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  July  .0. 

Strong  liealthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,   ss.  and  71.  6d.  ; 
6  for  2  If .  and  30J 

E.   G.    HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 

LEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new),— 

Strong  flowering  Plants  (4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
"  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  w   each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS",  in  pots,  .1  6rf  ,  2S  ,  to  il.  6rf. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 

PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 
—Seventeenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  ts.  fid.  per  dozen  ;  10s.  per  100.  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Also  Double  White  Primulas, 
6d.  each.— JOHN  STEVENS.  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

ARCISSUS.  —  All   the   best   varieties   for 

cutting  and  for  eveiy  description  of  foicing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  Trade  offer,  whii;h  may  be  had  upon  application. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,   H.le    Faim    Nurseries,    Tottenham, 

Strawberries. 
r^HARLES  TURNER'S  NewandDescriptive 

V-.^     LIST  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  post-free  en  appli- 
cation^  The  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough. 

To  the  Trade 
RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples  of 
•  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  on 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attentu  n  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATINGBOUKS.  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  ixKGardtturs'  Ck,onicle,  1883  to  18SO. 
Address,    25,    Wellington    Street.    Strand.    London,    W.C. 

G ARDEN   REQuTsTtES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Ratfia,    Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
Work,  Manures.  &c      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  and  SCULL,  go.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


First  Arrival  New  Archangel  Mats  this  Season. 

T      BLACKBURN     AND     SUNS     are    now 
•     prepared  to  quote  Prices  10  Buyers  on  application  at 
4  and  5,  Wotnuvood  Street.  London,  E.C. 


To  Nurserymen.  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

JBLALKBUKN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5.  Woimwocd  Street,  London.  E.C. 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants.  &c.,  £b  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  Kl  RROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15J. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bags,  22s.  bd.  ;  10  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  roj.  td.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine.  521  per  Truck  of  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO..  Famborough  Station.  Hants. 

EESON'S    MANURE    is   the  best  for  all 

Horticullural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2S.  bd.,  5s.  td., 
and  los.  bd.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  1  3s.  each.  By  all  Nutsery- 
men  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheflield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


98 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JOLY  24,    1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


New  Orchids. 

Brought  home  by  Mr.  Edward  Wallace. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  July  29.  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely. 

A  NEW  CATTLEYA  collected  in  a  fresh  locality.  The 
bulbs  resemble  somewhat  those  of  a  Triana:,  the  flowers  nearly 
as  large,  but  self  coloured,  lips  same  colour  as  sepals  and 
petals,  with  rich  orange  throat  ;  many  are  pure  while,  others 
nearly  50,  very  fionferous  and  fragrant,  six  to  eight  flowers 
were  seen  on  one  spike.  Flowers  after  C.  Triana:  is  over: 
from  a  cool  locality  among  the  mountains,  about  3300  feet 
above  sea  level,  and  as  easily  grown  as  C.  TrianK.  Dried 
flowers  will  be  shown. 

A  NEW  EPIDENDRUM  in  the  way  of  E.  Stamfordianum, 
but  difTerent  and  far  finer.  Has  much  broader  and  shorter 
leaves  than  that  species,  is  more  fioriferous  and  richer  coloured. 
Collected  at  an  elevation  of  1500  feet  above  sea  level.  Growi 
aloft  in  tufts  on  the  trees.  The  spikes  are  emitted  mostly  in 
pairs  from  the  base  of  the  bulb,  and  were  observed  to  descend 
I  to  2  feet,  with  three  to  five  branches,  and  large  sprays  of 
white  or  roiy-lilac  fljwers.  Described  by  Mr.  Wallace  as  a 
most  beiutihil  sight.     Dried  flowers  will  be  shown. 

A  NEWWHirESOBRALlA-LIKE  PLANT, with  bunches 
of  flowers  looking  on  the  mountain  side  like  masses  of  snow. 
With  dried  flowers. 

A  WHITE  BLETIA,  found  growing  on  the  mountain 
slopes  in  grass  and  loamy  soil.     With  dried  flowers. 

Also  the  following  valuable  plants-GALEANDRA  DIVES, 
ayellowCATASETUM.afine  SCKOMBURGKIA,  a  grand 
new  TERRESTRIAL  ORCHID,  with  flowers  4  inches  across, 
of  a  purple  colour:  and  a  few  plants  of  MASDEVALLIA 
PICTURATA,  the  first  established  plants  ofl^ered  for  sale  in 
Europe. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday   Next. 
SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67and68.  Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  TUESDAY  NEX  F,  July  27,  at 
half  past  12  o'clock  precisely,  ORCHIDS  in  FLOA'ER,  irom 
various  Collections,  comprising  Oncidiums,  Cattleyas  Sanderi- 
ana  and  Gaskelliana,  Masdevallia  :  Hatryanasanguinea,  seventy 
leaves,  twenty-five  flowers  ;  Oncidium  longpipes,  twenty  bulbs 
Epidendrums,  Odontoglossums  in  variety,  and  many  other 
ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  of  FLOWERING 
ORCHIDS,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  about  150  lots  of 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDRjE  of  the  best  type,  also 
CATTLEYA  SANDERIANA  and  C.  SKINNERI,  from 
Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Carder.  &  Co. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The  Wood- 
field  Nursery,  Harrow  Ro.ad,  W.,  close  to  Westbourne  Park 
Station,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  28,  at  twelve  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown  stock-in-trade  consisting  of 
a  magnificent  collection  of  2000  SUCCULENTS,  a  collection 
probably  unequalled  in  this  country  ;  a  variety  of  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  :  2000  Ferns  and  Palms,  specimen 
Palms  and  other  plants  for  furnishing  ;  600  fine  heaithy  Arau- 
caria  excelsa  in  48  pots  ;  the  Erections  of  Five  GREEN- 
HOUSES, iioo  feet  HOT-WATER  PIPING.  BOILERS, 
nearly  new  Spring  Market  VAN.  Pony  CART,  .spring  VAN, 
capital  Brown  MARE,  PONY,  MOULD,  LOAM,  MANURE, 
and  other  effects. 

On  view  day  prior  to  sale  ;  catalogues  had  on  the  premises, 
of  J.  O.  Jacobs,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  8s,  Blackfriars  Road,  S.E., 
and  of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  E.G. 

Chensey. 

In  the  village  of  Thorpe,  about  20  miles  from  London,  in  a 
healthy  and  picturesque  neighbourhood,  twenty-five 
minutes'  walk  from  Egham  or  Virginia  Water  Stations. 

IMPORTANT  to  GENTLEMAN  and  OTHERS  seeking 
a  comp-ict  FREEHOLD  ESTATE,  with  advantages  for 
combining    business   with   pleasure.     For   Sale,  with  pos- 

M'^ESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  i-istriicted  by  the  owner  and  occupier,  who  is 
leaving  ihe  neighbourhood,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  the 
Mart.  Tokenhouse  Yard,  City,  E.G.,  on  THURSDAY.  July  zg, 
at  2  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  FREEHOLD  ESTATE, 
known  as  the  West  End  Fruit  Garden,  Thorpe,  near  Chertsey, 
embracing  a  total  area  of  about  19  Acres  of  excellent  Land,  well 
stocked  with  Fruit  Trees  and  Bushes  m  bearing  condition,  and 
Market  Garden  Produce.  There  is  a  modern  brick-built  Resi- 
dence, containing  seven  Bedrooms,  Dressing-room,  fitted  Bath- 
room, three  Reception-rooms,  two  Kitchens,  and  domestic 
offices,  numerous  Glass  Erections  and  Sheds,  brick-built  Cottage 
and  Stabling  ;  the  fruit  garden  is  bounded  on  one  side  by  a  con- 
crete wall,  630  feet  in  length.  The  property  has  a  frontage  of 
HOC  feet  to  the  road  from  Staines  and  Windsor  to  Chertsej',  a 
portion  of  which  can  be  easily  utilised  for  building,  without 
detriment  to  the  remainder  of  the  land.  The  entire  Estate 
possesses  a  great  prospective  building  value,  and  a  portion 
contains  a  valuable  bed  of  the  best  gravel  to  a  good  depth. 

May  be  viewed.  Particulars,  plan,  and  conditions  of  Sale 
may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  at  the  Mart,  E.C, :  of  W.  Sharp, 
Etq.,  Solicitor.  9,  Walbrook.  E.G.;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Surveyors,  67  ana  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Lewis  ham. 

By  order  of  tlie  Mortgagees. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTIn.N,  at  the  Mart, 
Tokenhouse  Yard,  City,  E.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT. 
July  29,  at  2  o'clock  precisely  — 

Lot  I.— The  valuable  PLOT  of  LAND,  situate  in  George 
Lane,  Lewisham.  now  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  R.  Biggs,  and 
used  by  him  as  part  of  his  old-established  Nurseries,  together 
■with  the  three  well-built  Houses  standing  thereon,  two  being 
let  and  one  in  hand,  the  whole  representing  a  total  rent  of  ;^58 
per  annum. 

Lot  2.-Four  LEASEHOLD  COTTAGES,  Nos.  82.  88,  90, 

and  92,  Hither  Green  Lai  e,  LewiAam,  let  to  weekly  tenants, 

and  producing  .£72  i6j.  per  annum,  and  Leashold  Ground-rents 

secured  upon  84  and  86,  Hither  Green  Lane,  and  houses  in  rear. 

The  properties  are  held  at  low  ground-rents. 

Particulars  may  be  had  at  the  Mart;  of  Messrs.  YARDE 
AND  LOADER,  Solicitors,  i,  Raymond  Buildings,  W.C;  and 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Friday  Next. 

AERIDES  GODEFROYANUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  1.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  S.ile  Rooms,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside.  E.C, 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  30.  at  h.ilf-past  12  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely, a  fine  lot  ol  AERIDES  GODEFROYANUM.  It  is  a 
superb  new  species.  Professor  Reichenbach  describes  it  in  the 
Cirdnwi-  C/iraniele  hi  juTte  a5  last,  and  says  ;-•' The  most 
stately  member  of  the  Foxbrush  group."  The  fljwers  can. 
however,  only  be  compared  to  those  of  Aerides  maculosum. 
This  might  be  considered  a  giant  Atirides  affiae,  with  Lobbii 
flowers  improved.  Professor  Reichenbach  also  states  that  *' it 
produces  a  magnificent  and  glorious  inflorescence  " — a  statement 
which  is  not  exaggerated.     We  saw  the  plant  in  flower  a  few 

At  the  s.ame  time  will  be  sold  a  splendid  lot  of  CfELOGVNE 
PANDURATA,  a  new  DENDROHIUM  of  extraordinary 
beauty,  alsD  another  species,  no  doubt  quite  new  ;  a  yellow 
SACCOLABIUM,  a  very  pretty  and  lovely  species,  the  spikes 
are  erect,  and  the  colour  is  orange-yellow. 

Many  other  fine  ORCHIDS  will  be  olTered  the  same  day. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 
CYPRIPEDIUM    SANDERIANUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  S.ander  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rosmi.  67  and  68.  Cheap, 
side,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  30,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  preci'-ely.  a  splendid  lot  ol  this  remarkable  and 
superb  new  CYPRIPEDIUM.  ofl'ered  for  the  first  time. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  SANDERIANUM  is  figured  and  fully 
described  in  the  Keickenbacha.  It  stands  by  itself  in  its 
singular  and  quaint  beauty,  and  is  the  only  Cypripedium 
besides  caudatum  producing  flDwers  with  tails  iS  and  20  inches 
long  It  produces  three  flowers  and  more  on  the  stem,  the 
petals  are  very  broad  at  the  base,  and  of  a  reddish-purple 
mottled  with  a  light  hue,  the  tail-like  part  is  black-purple,  and 
the  tips  are  quite  blunt,  covered  with  thick  hairs. 

The  pouch  is  a  dark  brownish-red.  It  is  altogether  a  showy, 
remarkable,  anti  fine  new  Orchid. 

Professor  Reichenbach,  in  describing  it,  says  :—"  This  is  an 
extraordinary  surprise,  as  well  as  a  great  beauty,  from  the 
Malayan  Archipelago.  It  is  a  great  pleisureto  dedicate  this 
fine  novelty  to  Mr.  F.  Sander." 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  h.ad. 

Friday  Next. 
NEW  CYPRIPEDIUM. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Sander  to  include  in  the  SALE 


On\ 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Datoli  Bulb3.-Trade  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  arranged  their  SALES 
ol  DUTCH  BULB  j  for  the  coming  season  as  usual.  The  fir^t 
salriS  are  specially  made  up  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  large 
Buyers,  and  will  commence  in  AUGUST. 

Farther   particulars   next    week. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Bothwell  Castle  Collection  of  Heaths. 
Very  Important   Public    Sale  of   the   RARE   and  CHOICE 
COLLECTION  of  Heaths  in  Bothwell  Castle,  Bothwell, 
N.B  ,  cultivated  by  the  late  Mr.  Andrew  Turnbull  for  the 
Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Home. 

MESSRS.  MORRISON,  DICK,  AND 
M'CULLOCH  are  instructed  by  the  Right  Honourable 
the  Earl  of  Home,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  in  Houses  Nos.  i 
and  2,  Bothwell  Castle,  Bothwell,  N.  B..  on  THURSDAY, 
July  J9,  at  12  o'clock  Noon,  the  COLLECTION  of  RARE  and 
CHOICE  HEATHS,  wefl  known  as  the  most  important  and 
unique  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  containing  many  Varieties 
confine  1  to  this  collection. 

The  Bjok  pf  the  Garden  says :  — *'  The  cultivator  can  scarcely 
err  in  possessing  himself  of  the  difTerent  varieties  originated  by 
such  men  as  Mr.  Turnbull  of  Bothwell  Castle,  who  has  we  be- 
lieve raised  more  excellent  varieties  than  any  other  man  of  his 

The  whole  will  be  on  View  in  the  Houses  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  and  Wednesday,  July  z5,  27,  and  28,  from  10  A.m. 
to  4  P  M  ,  and  on  Forenoon  up  till  Hour  of  Sale.  To  prevent 
overcrowding,  admission  by  Catalogue  only  (price  Sixpence, 
returnable  to  all  purchasers),  on  application  at  our  office,  gS, 
Sauchiehall  Street,  Glasgow  ;  or  forwarded  by  post  on  receipt 
of  Sixpence  in  Stamps. 

MORRISON,  DICK,  and  M'CULLOCH,  Auctioneers. 


Stanwell,  Middlesex, 

FREEHOLD  LAND,  suitable  for  Market  Garden  or  Building 
Purposes  ;  also  HOUSE,  HOMESTEAD,  and  Small 
DAIRY  FARM,  most  conveniently  placed,  close  to  the 
Villages  of  Stanwell  and  West  Bedfont.  within  14  miles  of 
Hyde  Park  Corner,  iJi  mile  from  Ashford  Station,  2!< 
miles  from  Staines,  and  near  the  great  Western  road  from 
Salisbury  to  London,  all  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  and 
in  the  occupation  of  the  Vendors,  comprising  together  gi 
acres  or  thereabouts;  also  FOUR  COPYHOLD  COT- 
TAGES, with  extensive  Gardens,  fronting  the  road  to 
Ashford  Station.     Let  at  low  weekly  rents. 

MESSRS.  BUCKLAND  and  SONS  will 
SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  in  Lots,  by  crder  of 
the  Executors  of  J.  C.  Ward.  Esq..  deceased,  at  the  "Angel 
and  Crown"  Hotel,  Staines,  on  THURSDAY,  August  5.  at  5 
for  6  o'clock  P.M.,  unless  an  acceptable  ofiTer  be  made  previously, 
Particulars  and  Condiiions  of  Sale  of  Messrs.  YOUNG  and 
SONS,  Solicitors.  29.  Mark  Lane,  E.G.;  at  the  "  Swan," 
Stanwell;  at  the  place  of  sale  ;  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  11, 
Adam  Street,  Strand.  W.C.  and  Windsor. 


To  Wurserymen,  Flori3ts.  &c. 

MESSRS.  FLEETWOOD  and  GOODEVE 
are  favoured  with  instructions  to  SELL,  by  PRIVATE 
CONTRACT,  the  Goodwill.  Growing  Stock,  Houses,  of  an 
OLD-ESTABLISHED  NURSERY,  established  and  success- 
iuliy  carried  on  by  the  same  proprietor  for  Eighteen  years,  and 
now  sold  on  account  of  ill-health  preventing  him  attending  to 
his  business.  The  Nurseries  and  Houses  are  well  stocked  with 
a  varied  and  Saleable  Stock.  The  concern  is  now  in  working 
order,  and  is  a  grand  opening  for  a  young  man  about  to  com- 
mence business.  An  immediate  purchaser  would  be  liberally 
dealt  with  and  part  of  the  purchase- money  might  remain  on 
good  security.     Price  ;C55o  oi"  valuation. 

Full    particulars    of     the    Auctioneers,    42,    Cherry    Street, 
Birmingham. 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited, 
Have  a  large  and  fine  stock  of 
EAST  INDIAN,    MEXICAN,   and  other  ORCHIDS  ;   and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  fresh   Importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  alsoof  fresh  importa- 
tions as  received,  forwarded  on  application. 

The  Company  have  also  a  large  stock  of  TEA  and  other 
ROSES  inputs.  GRAPE  VINES,  FERNS,  and  other  ORNA- 
MENTAL PLANTS. 

LISTS  with  full  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD   and    NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,   LIVERPOOL. 
ADDRESS  for  TELEGRAMS—"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 


FOE 


SALE. 


NURSERY  AND  SEED  BUSINESS. 

''I'^HE     OLD-ESTABLISHED     NURSERY 

i  and  SEED  BUSINESS,  so  successfully  carried  on  for 
upwards  of6oyea.s  by  THO.M AS  IMRIE  and  SONS,  AYR. 

The  Nursery  Grounds,  extending  to  about  45  acres,  adjoin 
the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable  Trees 
and  Shrubs,  and  there  are  commodious  premises  for  carrying 
on  the  Seed  Business.  The  Business  may  be  Sold  either  as 
one,  or  Nursery  and  Seed  separately  :  and  is  being  disposed  of 
solely  on  account  of  Mr.  Imrie's  delicate  state  of  health. 

Further  particulars  on  application  to  THO.MAS  IMRIE 
AND  SONS.  Ayr,  N.B  —June  11,  i8S5. 


T 

0 

BE      SOLD, 

an 

old- 

established 

FRUITERER'S,    GREENGROCER'S 

and 

FLOR- 

IST'S. 

Long  Lease.      Horse,  2 

Vans; 

for  use. 

Price 

i= 

50.       Apply  at  456,  Fulha 

m  Road 

S.W 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  through  ill-health, 
an  old-established  FLORIST  S  and  NURSERY  BUSI- 
NESS, 6  miles  from  London,  S.E.  A  good  trade  (no  m.'^rket) 
is  being  dona,  and  every  satisfaction  given  for  leaving,  and 
books  can  be  inspected.  Capital  required  for  freehald  land, 
buildings,  &c.,  about  ^tooo.  For  further  pirticulars,  apply 
The  Victoria  Nursery,  Malham  Road,  Forest  Hill,  S  E. 

OR     IMMEDIATE     DISPOSAL,    a 

FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.— The  Proprietor  of  a  large 
and  highly  lucrative  business,  in  full  swing,  which  has  been 
established  for  over  twenty  years,  and  is  beautifully  situated 
in  the  main  road,  Bayswater,  known  as  Bayswater  Hill,  and 
commands  the  traffic  from  the  principal  entrance  to  Kensington 
Gardeni,  is  desirous  of  disposing  of  the  same.  There  is  an 
unexpired  term  of  fifteen  years  to  run  of  the  present  lease,  at  an 
exceptionally  low  rental,  and  the  trade  return  represents  a 
large  amount  per  annum.  The  books  show  various  records  of 
Royal  patronage,  and  a  clientele  which  includes  a  great 
number  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  of  London,  3lso  of  numeious 
Country  patrons.  To  those  seeking  a  go^d  Floral  Business 
this  is  confidently  recommended  as  a  first-class  investment.  It 
is  especially  suited  to  a  partnership  where  the  c:-mbined 
energies  of  two  or  more  practical  men  would  conduce  to  a  great 
increase,  as  a  large  portion  of  the  business  is  in  Ball  and  Kout 
furnishing,  and  in  the  ever  increasing  demand  for  floral  decora- 
tions in  refined  society  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  whole 
stock,  plant,  goodwill,  and  lease,  will  be  sold  together  as  a 
going  concern,  as  the  Proprietor,  beine  practically  single- 
handed  in  the  management,  now  finds  it  much  loo  great  a  strain 
upou  him,  and  he  wishes  to  retire  in  consequence  of  ill-health. 

Further  particulars  will  only  be  furnished   to  Principils  or 
their  Solicitors.     Apply  to 

J.  A.  KING,  gg,  Queen's  Road,  B  lyswater,  Londoo.  W. 


Florists  or  Gardeners. 

5  minutes'  walk  from  Rye  House  Station,  G.E.R.; 
17  miles  from  London. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  Plot  of  excellent  LAND, 
Walled-in,  and  with  Double  and  Single  Gates,  and  the 
frontage  of  93  feet  6  inches,  and  having  2  well-built  Ghss 
Houses,  each  3D  by  u  feet ;  and  a  Stable  and  Chaise  House. 
Highly  adapted  lor  horticultural  purposes,  or  for  the  erection  of 
a  villa  residence. 

Apply  to  Mr.  HENRY  BELLINGFIELD,  Ware,  Herts; 
and  16.  Union  Court,  Old  Br^ad  Street,  E.C. 

BERKS 

TO      BE      LET     OR     SOLD, 

as  a  thorough  going  concern, 

A  NXJRSERY, 

Comprising  3^  acres,  about  so  miles  from  London, 

with  Shop  in  Market  Place. 

Good    Dwelling    House,     Greenhouse,    Frames,    &c. 

For  particulars,  apply  to  J     FLOOD,    57,   Albert  Street, 

Mornington  Crescent,  London,  N.W. 


To  Florists  and  Otbers  —Chelsea. 

TO    BE    LET,    a  large  Walled  GARDEN. 
Glass  and  Gardener's  Cottage. 
Apply  to  N.  G,  GODFREY,  13,  Bsautfort  Street,  S.W. 

T""  O  BE  LeT,  ON  LEASE,  "MARKET 
GARDEN  GROUND  at  Camberwell,  close  10  the  sta- 
tion on  the  London,  Chatham  and  Dover  Railway,  containing 
about  25  acres,  being  within  three  miles  of  Covent  Gardtii  and 
other  Metropolitan  Markets. 

For  particulars,  apply  to  Messrs.  DRIVER  and  CO.,  4, 
Whitehall,  London,  S.W. 

To  LancLed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
IIS,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

pYCLAMEN     SEED, 

V-^  in  Sealed  Packets,  at.  dd.  and  5J.  each,  separate  colours, 
red.  white,  pink,  and  mirginata  or  mixed. 

H.  Pagf.  &  Sons  are  offering  for  the  first  time  their  well- 
known  strain,  which  has  been  awarded  Three  Medals  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  during  last  season,  and  gained 
highest  honours  wherever  shown. 

They  cannot  be  surpassed  for  habit,  colour,  and  size  ;  and  as 
the  quantity  is  limited.  Orders  will  be  executed  in  strict  rota- 
tion, and  sent  Post-free  on  receipt  of  Postal  Order  after 
August  I.     Applic 


July  24,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


99 


» 


CARTERS' SEEDS 


PRESENT    SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cullivn- 
tion.     Very  distinct.      The  heads  are  extremely  firm, 
weighine  from  4.  to  6  lb. 
In  Sealed  Packets  only— Per  Packet,  is.  and  6d.  ;  per 
ounce,  2J.     All  Post-free. 

CABBAGE-Carters' Mammoth  Beefheart 


The   best    main-crjp   Garde 
very  large  firm    heads   of  e 
outside  leaves,    and  does  r 
Summer  Cabbage  known. 

n  Cabbape  in  cultiva 
xquisite    flavour,    very 
01  readily  run.     The  i 

Se-iled  Packets-Per  Pkt.,  11 

and  6<i. ;  per  ounce,  is 

FTTIIPR 

Price  per  pkt.,  post 

CARTERS'  GIANT  WHITE  COS         ..     dd.  and 
DUNNETT'S  GIANT  WINTER  COS..     6<i.  and 
HARDY  NORTHERN  KING  COS       .. 
ALL  THE   YEAR   ROUND   CABBAGE 

LETTUCE 6rf.  and  : 

Posl-free.     Per  oz.     Per 


ONION. 


GIANT  ROCCA 
GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 
EARLY  WHITE  NAPLES 
GIANT  MADEIRA    .. 


SMENbv  Roval  VVarrs 
and  H  R.H.  ihe  Pn 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


WG  O  R  D  O  N,  Importer  OF  Orchids 
•  from  ALL  PARTS  of  ll.e  WORLD. -An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recenlly  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  mu^t  be  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice. 
VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  to  be  ob- 
tained, and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high  prices 
recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAYING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  off'ered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply   to   W.    GORDON,    The   Nurseries,   Amvand   Park 
Road.  Twickenham.  Middlesfx. 

DUTCH      AND      CAPE       BXILBS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  k  SON'S 
CATALOGUE    FOR    1886. 

The  above,  containing  details  of  our  immense  Colleclions  of 
New.  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants  (84  pages,  in  English). 
IS  NOW  READY,  and  will  as  usual  be  sent  post-free  on  appli- 
cation to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Creat  Britain. 
Messrs.  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  St  Mary-at-Hill, 
London,  E.C. 

ANT.       ROOZEN      AND      SON, 

OVERVEEN.  near  HAARLEM.  HOLLAND. 

DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  SJiecial  U7io/esa/e  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

Containing  List  of  all  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS.  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  free  on  application  to 

W ATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  aod  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,   STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C 

DANIELS'   SEEDS 

For  Present  Sowing. 

r^  KTiTt  \  r^T^  Per  pkt.  Per  cz. 

CABBAGE.  I.  d.  s.  d. 

DANIELS'  DEFIANCE,  the  finest  Cabbage 
in  cultivation,  early,  large  heads,    7  lb.  to 
10  lb.  each,  post-free  ..  ..  ..  ..10..      16 

DANIELS'   LITTLE    QUEEN,   a  superior 

dwarf,  early  variety I     o     ..     i     6 

ENFIELD  MARKET —      ..06 

DWARF  NONPAREIL  —      ..     o    S 

ONIONS. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA        ..         ..  i  o  ..  2  6 

,,    WHITE  ELEPHANT  TRIPOLI     ..  o  9  ..  2  o 

„    GIANT  ROCCA —  ..10 

.,    CRIMSON  ROCCA        o  6  ..  i  3 

"      NEW  WHITE  GLOBE i  o  ..  J  6 

„    IMPROVED  WHITE  SPANISH     ..  i  o  ..  2  6 
Other  kinds,  f>d.  to  8rf.  per  ounce. 

LETTUCES. 

D.WIELS'  MONSTROUS   BROWN  COS     10..  26 

„    GREEN  WINTER  COS  ..         ..     o    6     ..  i    6 

,,    CONTINUITY  CABBAGE      ..         ..     i    o     ..  2    5 

„    TEXTER o    6     ..  I     6 

Other  kinds,  gi/.  and  is.  per  ounce. 

DANIELS    BROTHERS, 

16,  18,  and  20,  EXCHANGE  STREET, 
NORWICH. 

Catalogues  free  on  application. 


PALMS        FOR        SALE. 
Two  grand  Specimens. 
One  LATANIA  BORBONICA,    10  feet  high  and   12  feet 
through,  with  twenty  leaves  5  feet  across. 

One  ARECA  SAPIDA,  just  making  ninth  leaf,  8  feet  6  inches 
long,  3  feet  6  inches  across  leaf,  10  feet  through. 
THOMAS  WEAVER.  Oakley  Hall  Gardens,  Basingstoke. 


SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON,     Florist, 
Prospect   House,    Belper.   Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer    the 
followins,  of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS. 
—Grand  Premier  Prize  Stiain  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
White,  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  Fine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fiinged  llowers.  Strong  Plants,  to  bloom 
well,  IS.  yi.  perdozen,  extra  strong  i.s.t>d.  ;  gi.  per  loo,  all  free. 

/^  I  N  E  R  ARIAS— CI  NER  ARIAS— 

\J  CINERARIAS.-Bul.'s  celtbrated  Prize  Strain,  dwail 
compact  habit,  and  most  brilliant  colours,  cannot  possibly  be 
excelled.  Good  Plants,  \s.  id.  per  d^zen,  extra  strong  15.  td.  ; 
gj.  per  100.  all  free. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON.     Florist     Prospect     House, 
Belper,  Derbyshire. 


c 


A    B    B    A    G    E 


application  ti 

TABER 
Witham.  Es. 


SEEDS 

Large  York 

Early  Rainham 

Ellam's  Early 

Dwarf  Nonpareil 

Leeds  Market 

Drumheads. 

choice    stocks.      Prices    on 


CULLEN,      Seed    Growers. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 

OF    CHOICE 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS,  &c. 

\V€  have  much    pleasure  in  eJT'.- r in ^  strong  healthy  trans- 
planted Stedlings/rovt  our  superb  strains  of  the  folloivtng  : — 
Per  dor.     Per  loo. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers  only.  s.  d.           s.  d. 

beautifully  tigred  and  spotted         ..          ..  i     6     . .    lo     6 
CARNATIONS  and  PICUTEES,  from  sUge 
flowers,   will  produce  80  per  cent,   of  fiae 

double  blooms 16     . .    10     6 

CARNATIONS,  choicest  yellow,  very  fine  ..  26..— 

CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  itrain    ..         ..  i     6     . .    10     6 

,,     new  dwarf,  large  flowered,  fine    ..          ..  z     o     ..    12     6 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM,    strorg    young 
plants,    from    single    pots,    fo;    blooming 


CYCLAMEN  ALBUM,  pure  white,  very  fine  4     6  .  30     o 

CYCLAMEN,  very  choice,  mixed        ..          ..  4    o  .  25     o 

PRIMULA,  Crimson  King,  magnificent       ..  26  ..  — 

,,     Crimson  King,  extra  strong  plants          . .  36  . .  — 

„     Daniels'  choicest  white,  fine         . .         . .  1     6  . .  10     6 

,,     Daniels' choicest  red,  sp'endid     ..          . .  i     6  . .  10     6 
,,     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beautiful 


,,     Daniels'   choicest   mixed,    extra    strong 

plants         3     6     ..    15     o 

PANSY.  Emperor  William,  deep  ultra-marine 

blue,  very  fine  ..      10..76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice      ..      i     o     ..      7     6 
BLUE   GUM   TREE  of  Australia  (Eucalyptus  globulus),  tine 
for  greenhouse  or  sub-tropical    garden.       Said   to  be    the 
most  powerful  febrifuge  known.       Fine  young  plants  of  this 
iuleresling  species,  dd,  each,  5^.  per  dozen. 

Carriage  Paid  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Onier. 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  NORWICH 
i^UTBUSH'S      MILL. 

V^      TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN. — Too  well  knowo  to  require 

description.        Price    6j.    per    bushel 

{is,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 

td.  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 

jj  ages  and  printed    cultural  directions 

'    enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 

(Limited),       Nurserymen    and    Seed 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4(f.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25^.  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

i.os.  :  4-bushel  bags,  411^.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  5».   id.    per    sack; 

5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  t4'  each, 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  221. ;  sacks, 

4,/.  each. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  rj.  grf.  per  bushel;  ijj.  per  hall 

ton.  265,  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  \d.  each. 


SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Wnte  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  0.  SMYTH.  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  Gateiy  ciUed  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.  C. 


THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
up  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Eveiy  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedimen. 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwt.  and  over  carriage  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.   GEORGE,  10,   Victoria  Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 


For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 
and  CRICKET  PITCHES,  use 

BE  L  L  I  C  I  D  E  ,  " 
the  DAISY  and  WEED  ERADICATOR.  Manufac- 
tured by  HURST  and  SON,  152,  Houndsditch.  London,  E. 
To  be  obtained  (with  needful  instructions)  from  all  Seedsmen 
and  Florists  everywhere.    Sample  Dredger- canister,  ir.  per  post. 


best  I  tj.  : 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

(Juallty,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included. 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    51.  per  sack  ;  s  sacks  for  221.  td. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   \s.  f>d.       „       5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    55.  6i/.       ,,       5  sacks  for  25J. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     '^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  ( 

LEAF  MOULD, bestonly  . 

PEAT  MOULD,        „ 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  rs.  6i.  per  bush.,  r4!.halft. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  bestonly rs.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     Srf.  lb.   28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Spicialit,;)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb,  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack..     51.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2j.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits, Vegetables, &c.  Tins,  ij.  6rf. 
7lb.,3i.;  141b.,  SJ.;  281b..  8j.;  561b..  i 
I  CORK,  best  quality  ooly— 14  lb  ,  31. 

,.  ..  .  los.fd.:  t  cwt,  ITS- 
HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubl.'s  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  To  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13;. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s ;  40  sacks,  30s.     Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail. 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,   E. 
IMPORTANT    TO    GARDENERS. 


BENTLEY'S  WEED  DESTROYER. 

Invaluable  for  the  Destruction  of  Weeds 

and  Moss  on  Garden  Walks  and 

Carriage  Drives. 

Particulars  sent  Post-free. 


BECK     CHEMICAL     WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,    HULL. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.'S 

NORWEGIAN 

FISH -POTASH    MANURE. 

Fish  Manare  is  composed  of  flesh  and  bone— the  best 
of  all  fertilising  materials,  and  in  combination  with  pure 
Salts  of  Potash  and  Magnesia  forms  a  perfect  fertiliser, 
as  it  contains  the  important  ingredients  of  Ammonia, 
Phosphates  and  Potash  in  their  most  concentrated  and 
available  form.  It  is  equally  valuable  for  Farm  Use,  for 
Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  produces  wonderful 
growth,  especially  with  Vines. 


Tke  Average  Manuriil  Constituents  are  as  follows  .•— 
Cod  Fish  anil  Potash.      Herring  and  Potash. 

Per  Cent.  Pet  Cent, 

7.0  ..  ..  Ammonia        ..      ..     8.30 

200  ..  ..  Phosphates     ..      ..     9.0 

15.0  ..  ..  Potash     150 

10.0  ..  ..  Magnesia       ..      ..    lo.o 

Or.  in  otherwords,  a  ton  of  COD  FISH  and  POTASH 
is  composed,  approximately,  of— 
10  Cwt.  of  Dried  Fish  Flesh— Organic  Matter. 
4     „      of  Dried  Fish  Bone— Phosphates. 
3     „      Sulphate  of  Potash. 
2    „      Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 
I     „      of  Moisture,  and  iogredients  not  of 
— ■  manurial  value. 

The  Prices  are  £10  per  Ton  (bags  included)  for  the  COD, 
and  £9  for  the  HERRING,  on  Rails  in  the  Docks,  subject  to 
Discount  for  prompt  Cash. 


Retail  Prices,  Carriage  Paid,  upon  receipt  of  P.0.0. 

IN  TINS.-2  lb.  for  is. :  and 

IN  BAGS,  7  lb.,  2s. ;  14  lb.,  4s. ;  28  lb.,  6^.  6d. ;  56  lb.,  los.  6d. 

1%  cwt.,  20s. ;  2  cwt.,  30J.      Bags  free. 


1^^  Apply  to  all  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    &    CO., 
10,   ST.    HELEN'S   PLACE,    LONDON,    E.C. 

HUGHES'  SOLUBLE 

FIR-TREE  OIL '«sECTiciDE 

Is.  6d.,  23.  6d.,  and  43.  6d.  a  Bottle  ;    Gallon,  12S.  63,, 
less  in  larger  quantities. 

HXTGHES'  APHICIDE,  Is.  6d.    By  post  u.  8,/. 
HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  la. ;  post  is. 31!. 

Also  CREAM  SHADING.  9(1.  pet  Box,  per  post  Is. 

HUGHES'    FLORAL    CEMENT,    in    Bottles, 

Is.  and  23. 

HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most    effectual    in    Greenhouses,     64.,    IS.,  and    2s.  6Q. 

Post  3d.  e.xlra. 
A  TREATISE  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
sent  Pcst-free,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E.  G.  HOGHES, 
Operative  Chemist,  Victoria  Street,  Manchester.  Wholesale 
from  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants, Wholesale  Druggists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


lod 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  t\,  1886. 


^EBBS 


EMPEROR 


CABBAGE, 

Tnti  Parliest  and  Best  Cabbage, 

6d.  and   a.  par  packet.  Is.  6d.  per  ounce,  post-free. 
78.  per  pound. 


Mr.  J.  Mulr,  In  the  "Journal  of  Horti- 
culture "  of  May  24,  says  :— 
"  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures  70  feet  by  50  feet,  and  here 
we    have    many    sorts    growing.     The 
best  of  all  these  at  the  present  time  is 
WEBBS'    EMPEROR. 


9d. 


I  I 

Per  Ounce,  Post-fr( 

EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE 8d 

ENFIILD  MARKET  do 6d 

EARLY  RAINHAM  do         8d 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 6d, 

LARGE  RED  DUTCH       do.  6d.  pei  packet 

ONION,  p^^,^, 

WEBBS'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  6d. 
WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI  6d. 

LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI 

GIANT  BOCCA 

WHITE  LISBON 

WHITE  SPANISH  or  READING 


6d. 


All  Garden  Seeds  pee  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRI0GE. 


EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 


James  Veitch  &  Sons 

THE  ABOvf  SEe  ilBS  FOrIH^  FORCING, 

And  will  be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 

ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERY,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  LONDON,  S.W. 


N  E  MT 


ORCHIDS, 


M 


BrougJit  home  by  Mr.  EDWARD   WALLACE. 

R.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions  from  tiie 
New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  29,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely  : — 

A  NEW  CATTLEYA,  collected  in  a  fresh  locality.  The  bulbs  resemble  somewhat  those  of 
Triana:,  the  flowers  nearly  as  large  but  self-coloured,  lips  same  colour  as  sepals  and  petals,  with 
rich  orange  throat  ;  many  are  pure  white,  others  nearly  so,  very  floriferous  and  fragrant — six  to 
eight  flowers  were  seen  on  one  spike.  Flowers  after  C.  TriansE  is  over  ;  from  a  cool  locality 
among  the  mountains,  about  3000  feet  above  sea  level,  and  as  easily  grown  as  C.  Trianae.  Dried 
flowers  will  be  shown. 

A  NEW  EPIDENDRUM  in  the  way  of  E.  Stamfordianum,  but  different,  and  far  finer. 
Has  much  broader  and  shorter  leaves  than  that  species,  is  more  floriferous  and  richer  coloured. 
Collected  at  an  elevation  of  1 500  feet  above  sea  level.  Grows  aloft  in  tufts  on  the  trees.  The 
spikes  are  emitted  mostly  in  pairs  from  the  base  of  the  bulb,  and  were  observed  to  descend  i  to  2 
feet,  with  three  to  five  branches,  and  large  sprays  of  white  or  rosy-lilac  flowers.  Described  by 
Mr.  Wallace  as  a  most  beautiful  sight.     Dried  flowers  will  be  shown. 

A  NEW  WHITE  SOBRALIA-LIKE  PLANT,  with  bunches  of  flowers  looking  on  the 
mountain  side  like  masses  of  snow.     With  dried  flowers. 

A  WHITE  BLETIA,  found  growing  on  the  mountain  slopes  in  grass  and  loamy  soil.  With 
dried  flowers. 

Also  the  following  valuable  plants,  GALEANDRA  DIVES,  a  yellow  CATASETUM,  a  fine 
SCHOMBURGKIA,  a  grand  new  TERRESTRIAL  ORCHID,  with  flowers  4  inches  across,  ol  a 
purple  colour  ;  and  a  few  plants  of  MASDEVALLIA  PICTURATA,  the  first  established  Plants 
offered  for  sale  in  Europe.     On  view  mornine;  of  Sale,  and  Catalo^es  had. 


FRIDAY     NEXT. 


CYPRIPEDIUM   SANDERIANUM. 


1U[ESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS  are  Instructed  by   Mr.   F. 

Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central   Sale   Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  30,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  splendid  lot   of  this  remarkable  and  superb 

NEW    CYPRIPEDIUM-offered  for  the  first  time. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  SANDERIANUM  is  figured  and  fully  described  in  \k^&  Reiclienbachia.  It  stands 
by  itself  in  its  singular  and  quaint  beauty,  and  is  the  only  Cypripedium,  besides  caudatum,  producing  flo-wers 
with  tails  18  and  20  inches  long.  It  produces  three  flowers  and  more  on  the  stem.  The  petals  are  very  broad 
at  the  base,  and  of  a  reddish-purple,  mottled  with  a  light  hue ;  the  tail-like  part  is  black-purple,  and  the  tips 
are  quite  blunt,  covered  with  thick  hairs.  The  pouch  is  a  dark  brownish-red.  It  is  altogether  a  showy 
remarkable,  and  fine  new  Orchid. 

Professor  Reichenbach  in  describing  it  says  :— "  This  is  an  extraordinary  surprise  as  well  as  a  great 
beauty,  from  the  Malayan  Archipelago.     It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  fine  novelty  to  Mr.  F,  Sander." 


On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


JDLV  24,   1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


101 


SUTTON'S  SEEDS 

FOR    PRESENT    SOWING, 

FOST-FBEE. 

CABBAGE. 

SUTTON'S  FLOWER  OF  SPRING,  ptr  pkL     i    o 
WHEELER'S  IMPERIAL  ..per  ounce    o    8 

ELLAM'S  EARLY  DWARF  ..  „  10 

ONION. 

GIANT  ROCCA percuoce  i  o 

GtANT  LEMON  ROCCA       i  6 

THE  QUEEN per  pkt  i  o 

GLOBE  TRIPOLI         peiounce  o  g 

LETTUCE, cos  VARIETIES. 

Sutton's  Winter  White  . .  . .      per  packet  i  o 

Sutton's  Champion  Brown    ..         ..  ,,  i  o 

Improved  Black-seeded  Bath  . .       per  ounce  i  6 

CABBAGE  VABIETIES. 

Sutton's  Commodore  Nutt  . .         . .     per  packet  i    o 

Sutton's  Standwetl      ..          ..          ..             „  i     o 

Hammersmith  Hardy  Green           . .       per  ounce  o     9 

Stanstead  Park            . .          . .          . .             ,,  t     6 

Drumhead  or  Malta ,,  09 

PRICES  and  full  particulars  of  other  SEEDS 
FOR  PRESENT  SOWING  may  be  had  Gratis 
and  Post-free  on  application. 

Seedsmen   by   Royal   Warrants  to    H  M.   the 
Queen  and  H.R.H.  tbe  Prince  of  Wales, 

READING. 


LOVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  welUrooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  ^J. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 

BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 


B.  8.  WILLIAMS' 

Well  Ripened  and  Heavy  Bulbs  of 


ROMAN 


HYACINTHS, 

■  }i  inches  in  ciicum'erence. 


PAPER-WHITE       NARCISSUS, 

From  5  to  6  inchee  in  circumference. 

DOUBLE       ROMAN       NARCISSUS, 

From  5  to  6^2  inches  in  circumference. 


Ear'y  Orders  Solicited. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAY,  LONDON,  N. 


AFRICAN     TUBEROSES 

AMD    LILIUH    HABKISn, 

Grown    by    Wm.    RisleY,    Maritzbur^,    Natal. 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
are  hereby  informed  ihat  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  description,  llie  Bulbs  promise 
to  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  market. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  freely  for  delivery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  arc  advised  to  make  an  early 
application.  Quotations  very  low.  Terms— net  cash.  For  prices 
and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR, 

17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NTniBESY,    SALE,    HAMOHESTER 


OECHID  EXIIBITIOI. 


One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights 
in  London. 


o 


iRCHIDS.— Mr.  William  BULL'S  ORCHID 

EXHIBITION.  The  Private  View  to  Patrons  of  the 
EsUblishment  is  held  every  TUESDAY.  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY.  10  to  5  o'clock,  throughout  JULY. 

EsUblishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


ORCHIDS.— Mr.  William  Bull's  exhi- 
bition U  OPEN  to  the  Public  every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  10  to  5  o'clock, 
throughout  JULY.    Admission,  each  day,  a/,  id. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fem 

Cultivation,"  ij. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    DesCTiptive     "  List    07  New,    Rabb.     and 

Choicb  Ferns."  and  "  Hardv  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


/^RCHIDS.— A   vision    of   loveliness  unpa- 


o 


ralleled  in  Europe 

RCHIDS.— "  Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 


ORCHIDS.  —  "  A  scene  of  the  greatest 
Orchidic  beauty,  biffling  dffscriotion,  and,  we  had  almost 
said,  defying  exaggeration."— Gari/tf«^«'  Chronicle. 


o 


RCHIDS.  —  Specimens    in     Flower    from 

Brazil.  Colombia,  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Madagascar.  Assam. 
Peru,  Costa  Rica,  Venezuela,  West  Indies,  Burmah, 
Borneo,  and  various  other  parts  of  the  Eastern  Archipe- 
lago.   

RCHIDS.— Private  View  to  Patrons  o.  the 

Establishment  every  Tuesday.  Thursday,  and  Saturday, 
10  to  5  o'clock,  throughout  JULY. 


RCHIDS.— Public  Exhibition  every  Mon- 
day, Wednesday,  and  Friday.  10  to  5  o'Clock,  throughout 
JULY.    Admission,  each  day,  js.  id. 


RCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 

any  distance  to  see  at  Mr.  Willum  Bull's  Establish- 
ment for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London,  S  W. 


Now  Ready, 

reichenbachia: 

ORCHIDS   ILLUSTRATED 
AND  DESCRIBED. 

By     F.     SANDER,    St.    Alban's. 

This  Work  is  issued  in  Monthly 
Parts,  each  containing  four  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates  by  eminent 
Floral  Artists. 

The  History  and  Culture  of  each 
Plant  is  given  in  English,  French, 
and  Germaa  The  Latin  Descrip- 
tions and  Leaders,  &c.,  by  Professor 
Reichenbach. 


Price  ofeach  Number  to  Subscribers, 
7s.  6d.  per  Month. 

Size  oj  Plates,  21  inches  by  15  inches. 


Sample  Copies  poBt-free  on  application,  to  be  re- 
turned In  case  of  non-aubsorlptlon  to 

F.  SANDER,  ST.  ALBAN'S. 


SATURDAY,  JULY   24,    1886. 


MAX    LEICHTLIN'S    GARDEN. 

AFTER  a  journey  of  two  days  from  Haarlem, 
the  next  place  at  which   I  made   a   halt 
was    Baden-Baden.      It   is  the  Mecca  of   all 
true    gardeners,    where    plants    and   bulbs   of 
the   greatest   interest    are    to    be    found.      Of 
course  all   this    centres   in     Herr    Leitchtlin's 
Botanischer  Privat  Garten.     A  more  delightful 
situation  could  hardly   be   imagined  than  that 
which    is    occupied    by    him.      The    town   is 
stretched    out    at   hi?   feet    amid    an    amphi- 
theatre of  richly-wooded  hills.     In  front  are  the 
Greek  church  and  the  villa  of  Prince  Solms, 
besides  many  other  residences  of  one  kind  and 
another.      On   the   left   he   is   flanked   by   the 
palace  of  the  Grand  Duke,  and  the  ruins  of  a 
fine  old  castle  are  against  the  sky-line  at  the 
back.     I  have   scarcely  anywhere  met  with    a 
prettier  scene  than  this.     If  flowers  have  any 
sense  of  beauty  themselves,   they  must  he  su- 
premely happy  in  Herr  Max  Leichtlin's  hands. 
It   was  difficult  at  first  to  realise  that   I   had 
come  to  a  spot  of  which  I  had  heard  so  much 
before.     How  many  envelopes  of  the  brightest 
possible  yellow  have  I  not  received  from  here  ! 
How   many    boxes    or  tinfuls    ot  bulbs    have 
been  sent  to  me  from  here  !     How  often  have  I 
received  the  best  possible  horticultural  advice, 
and  how  in  almost   every  garden  of  any  note 
which   I   have  visited   (and   the   number    has 
mounted  up  very  considerably  of  late)  has  not 
Max  Leichtlin's  name  appeared  on  label   after 
label,  and  "grandiflora  Leitchlini,"  or  "  Leicht- 
lini  macrantha,"  or  something  else  of  the  same 
sort  has  been  a  certain  passport  to  fame.  From 
a  bulbist's  point  of  view  this  little  spot  of  ground 
is  the  umbilicus  of  the  world— for  into  it  are 
poured  in  one  continuous  stream  the  treasures 
of  Central  Asia,  of  Persia,  of  Siberia,  of  the 
Himalayas,  of  Asia  Minor,  of  the  Cape,  and  of 
many  other  regions  of  botanical   interest  which 
are  too  numerous  to  be  named.  By  a  kind  of  force 
of  attraction  any  specially  good  thing  when  it  first 
comes  to  light  gravitates  here  before  it  travels 
elsewhere.     Consuls    in    out-of-the-way    parts 
of  the    world,    soldiers,    missionaries,    ladies, 
doctors,     adventurers,     as     well     as     profes- 
sional   collectors— all    hand    over   any   excep- 
tionally interesting   treasure   which  they  may 
have  found  to  the  well-known  gardener  at  Baden- 
Baden.     But  it  does  not  follow  from  this  that 
all  plants  and  bulbs  leave  Herr  Max  Leichtlin's 
hands  just  as  he  found  them.     It  is  true  he  is 
not  one  of  those  professional  hybridisers  who 
like  to  carry  a  flower  away  from  its  own  proper 
type  as  far  as  they  can  do  it— who  think  they 
can  so  improve  on  Nature  that  they  hide  it  and 
disfigure    it   altogether.     He    emphasises   and 
deepens  the  true  characteristics  of  a  flower.     In 
the  first  place,  he  knows  what  they  are,  and 
then  by  patient  attention  and  selection  he  makes 
them  more  clear.     As  an  example  of  this  let  me 
mention  Crocosmia  aurea  macrantha.     It  has 
not  yet  been  sent  out,  but  the  whole  stock  is 
sold,  and  it  will  be  one  of  the   best  autumn 
flowers  of  the  future  I  am  sure.     Max  Leichtlin 
showed  me  the  different  stages  through  which 


102 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  24,  18 


this  Crocosmia  had  passed.  He  has  dried 
specimens  of  each  and  all  of  them,  and  it  was 
most  curious  to  note  how  improvement  had 
followed  upon  improvement  till  now  it  can  no 
longer  be  desired. 

In  the  same  sort  of  way  who  does  not  call  to 
mind  a  certain  Freesia  which  gladdens  us  in  the 
spring  ?— and  I  think  Primula  rosea  must  bend 
its  head  before  Primula  rosea  grandiflora,  as  it 
has  come  out  of  Herr  Max  Leichtlin's  hands. 
There  are  many  other  instances  that  might 
be  given  of  the  same  sort  of  thing.  With 
Irises  he  has  been  conspicuously  successful, 
and  he  looks  for  greater  victories  still  ;  but  what 
struck  me  first  of  all  on  entering  his  garden  was 
a  charming  Aubrietia  that  was  clinging  to 
the  wall.  I  know  Aubrietia  gra-ca,  and  A. 
Campbelli,  and  several  others,  and  I  possess 
one  which  goes  under  the  name  of  A.  eru- 
bescens.  and  which  flatters  itself  that  it 
ought  to  be  noticed  because  it  is  perhaps 
a  little  more  red  than  blue.  Really  it  is  of  no 
particular  colour  at  all,  but  it  does  its  best  to  be 
blushing,  though  with  very  indifferent  success. 
Max  Leichtlin's  new  Aubrietia  is  of  a  most 
captivating  rosy-carmine  hue  that  could  be 
imagined  ;  there  is  no  mistake  about  it  at  all. 
The  colour  is  attracting  and  pleasing  in  the 
highest  degree,  and  while  the  plant  still  is  an 
Aubrietia  all  over,  it  is  very  much  better  than 
anything  else  which  I  have  ever  seen  before  of 
the  same  sort.  The  magician  informed  me 
that  it  took  him  ten  years  to  accomplish  this 
feat.  A  life  has  not  been  lived  for  nothing 
which   could  do  so  much. 

With  the  greatest  possible  kindness  Herr  Max 
Leichtlin  has  from  time  to  time  gone  over  his 
garden  with  me,  and  has  shown  to  me  his  green- 
houses, his  seed-beds,  and  his  frames.  A  garden 
like  this  requires  an  interpreter  at  every  turn.  It 
is  by  no  means  large,  and  though  I  believe  some 
three  or  four  acres  are  attached  to  the  house,  the 
inner  sanctuary,  where  such  wonderful  things  are 
done,  is  not  more  than  three-quarters  of  an  acre 
in  extent.  This  is  crammed  full  to  overflowing, 
and  not  a  square  foot  or  even  an  inch  of  ground 
has  been  lost.  The  Privat  Botanischer  Garten 
lies  open  towards  the  south  with  perhaps  a 
slight  inclination  to  the  east,  and  one  of  its  fea- 
tures is  that  terrace  rises  above  terrace— they 
are  made  upon  a  slope.  This  arrangement  of 
terraces  has  its  advantages  and  its  delects.  The 
rain  sometimes  comes  down  in  torrents  in  these 
parts  and  washes  the  soil  of  one  terrace  over 
another,  but  they  have  a  pretty  effect,  and  the 
extent  of  available  walls  for  creepers  and  for 
the  shelter  of  tender  things  is  largely  increased 
by  their  means. 

Some  of  the  Contents  of  thf.  Garden. 
Among  the  most  noticeable  of  plants  and  bulbs 
which  were  in  blossom  in  May  may  be  given  the 
following  :— Iris  paradoxa,  which  I  have  never  seen 
before,  and  which  is  excessively  striking.  It  comes 
from  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  in  his  own  words  it  may 
be  said  "the  claws  are  ochreous-yellow,  speckled 
with  small  crimson  spots  ;  and  the  falls,  which  are 
attenuated  and  tongue-like,  much  resemble  small 
pieces  of  black  velvet."  Iris  Korolkowi  in 
its  best  form  was,  to  my  great  misfortune,  just 
over.  This  must  be  a  very  great  beauty  indeed. 
When  it  is  admittedly  the  finest  of  all  the  Irises, 
what  more  can  be  said  of  it  ?  Max  Leichtlin,  to 
whom  flowers  are  as  the  breath  of  his  life, 
stops  still  in  his  garden  to  look  at  it.  He  is 
unable  to  pass  it  by.  The  colour— the  veining— 
the  whole  contour  of  this  Iris,  are  said  to  be 
incomparably  good.  A  variety  was  in  blossom 
of  olive  green  appearance,  and  with  black  markings 
on  it.  One  might  well  have  been  cootenled  with  it  if 
only  it  had  been  the  best.  Polygonum  sphcero- 
cephalam,  of  a  pleasing  red  colour ;  Androsace  foliosa, 
IxioUrion  macranthum,  Eremurus  rnbustus,  and  E. 
Bungei,:  Tropaeolum  brachyceras,  ^thionema  cauda- 
tum  ;  a  new  Lachenalia,  which  had  the  good  points 
of  aurea  and  of  Vancouver!  pendula  combined  ;  Pole- 
monium  grandifloium,  hexandia,  Dracocephalum 
!.randiaorum,  and  very  many  more  things,  which  are 


too  numerous  to  be  named,  were  in  blossom  at  the  time 
of  my  visit,  and    were    very   attractive   indeed.     In 
most   of  these   cases   there  was  newness,  and   some 
special    point    had    to   be    observed.       Polemonium 
grandiflorum  is  of  great  size.     Ixiolirion  macranthum 
is  the  best  Ixiolirion  I  have  ever  seen.     .E'hionema 
caudatum  is  pure  white,  and  other  notes  of  the  same 
sort  might  be  given  about  some  ol  the  rest.     Even 
where  a  plant  or  bulb  is  not  quite  new,  it  often  has  a 
different  look  in  this  garden  from  what  it  assumes 
elsewhere,  e.g.,  Eremurus  robustus   is  by  no  means 
as   good   under   one  set  of  conditions   as   it  can  be 
under  another.     I  never  saw  anything  equal  to  the 
specimen   of    this    glorious    plant   as   it   is   in    Max 
Leichtlin's  hands.     It  has  seemed  to  me  sometimes 
to  be  rather  overrated,  but  no  one  would  say  that  for 
a  moment  who  has  ever  beheld  it  in  all  its  gloiy.     As 
I  looked  upon  it  the  other  day  it  must  always  take  first 
rank,  and  Eremurus  Bungei,  which  is  of  a  very  clear 
yellow  colour,  is  a  most  worthy  companion  for  it,  and 
sure  to  be  very  highly  appreciated.     A  large  bed  of 
Iris  mora^oides  should  not  be  passed  over  without  a 
word.     It  was  quite  at  its  best  when  I  saw  it,  and  it 
showed  how  dilTerently  flowers  often  look  when  grown 
in   large   quantities   from  what   they  do  when   only 
single  specimens  are  obtained.     Of  plants  and  bulbs 
which  have  yet  to  grow  into  celebrity  the  number  is 
legion.      Here  is  a  wonderful  Thistle,    Cnicus  con- 
spicuus,  which  will  have  a  very  large  head  of  blossom 
of  a  bright  red  colour.     There  is  a  distinct  Arnebia, 
of    which   outsiders   are    ignorant  at    present.      An 
Amaryllis  from  China,  which  is  said  to  be  quite  hardy, 
raises  much  expectation  at  once,  and  a  shrub,  Loni- 
cera    Alberti,    promises  great    things,    and    will    be 
wreathed  in  rosy  blossoms  before  long.     But  to  deal 
with  the  future  would  be  an  endless  task  in  such  a 
garden  as  this.     I  prophecy  that  the  Aubrietia  I  have 
referred  to  above  will  be  a  wonderful    favourite  in 
villa  gardens  before  long,  and  so  also  will  many  other 
things  which  are  seen  all  packed  together  be  exceed- 
ingly admired   when  they  come  to  be  distributed  and 
properly  planted  out.     A  large  frame  full  of  Teco- 
philasa  must  have  been  a  sight  to  see  a  few  weeks 
ago  in  Max  Leichtlin's  garden,  and  when  this  comes 
to  be  belter  known,  and  specially  because  it  appears 
to  be  quite  hardy,  no  lover  of  flowers  will  ever  be 
contented   without  it.     There  is  one  thing  which  is 
certainly  a  pity,  and  it  ought  to  be  remedied.     I  am 
told  by  Herr  Max  Leichtlin  that  very  often  he  grows 
a    large    stock    of    some    desirable    plant   or    bulb, 
and     it     is     altogether    passed     by    on    the    other 
side.     No  one  seeras  to  care  for  it,  no  one  notices  it, 
and  the  whole  lot  of  valuable   things  is  then  thrown 
away,   and  consigned  to  oblivion.     Such   a  plant  is 
Dianthus  pulcherrimus,  a  little  gem  of  only  an  inch 
or  two  in  height.     It  was  known  and  cared  for  in  the 
distant  past,   then  it  was  utterly  lost  to  sight,  and 
when  it  was  accidentally  rediscovered  by  Max  Leicht- 
lin a  few  years  ago  in  an  apothecary's  garden  on  the 
Polish  frontier  it  found  no  favour  at  all,  and  it  soon 
passed   into  forgetfulness  again.     It  is    much  to   be 
deplored  that  such  a  thing  as  this  should  happen  at 
all,  but  it  does  happen,  I  am  told,   over  and    over 
again.     What  in  the  world  can  our  nurserymen  be 
about  to  permit  it  ?     They  are  the  channels  through 
which  these  fine  things  should  come  into  the  hands  of 
the  community  at  large  ;  they  ought  to  be  much  more 
wide   awake,    I    am   sure.     The   loss   of  Herr   Max 
Leichtlin's  plants  must  be  the  loss  of  so  much  silver 
and  gold  to  their  coffers. 

It  must  be  a  matter  of  some  anxiety  to  carry  on 
operations  in  such  a  garden  as  his.  Who  does  not 
know  how  some  favourite  may  be  lost  through  an 
awkward  turn  of  the  water-pot?  and  too  much  shade 
or  too  much  sun  may  work  havoc  at  once  ;  but,  in 
our  case  there  is  no  need  for  despair.  Experience 
always  must  be  bought  at  some  cost,  and  a  letter  to  the 
generous  donor  of  a  plant  that  has  come  to  grief,  or  a 
few  shillings  spent  for  the  second  time  at  some  nursery 
garden  from  which  it  was  obtained,  will  very  often  put 
things  right  again  for  the  future,  and  the  worst  that 
has  happened  is  delay.  But  nothing  of  this  sort  takes 
effect  at  the  Botanischer  Privat  Garten  at  Biden- 
Baden.  To  work  there  is  something  like  playing 
with  edged  tooh— you  may  cut  your  fingers  before 
you  think  about  it  at  all.  All  the  nursery  gardens  in 
the  world  would  fail  to  repair  the  loss  of  this  or  that 
very  scarce  and  correspondingly  precious  plant  or 
bulb  if  it  should  fail.  Pounds  instead  of  shillings  will 
never  bring  it  back  if  it  goes.  Only  a  few  days  before 
I  arrived,  the  gardener  who  works  under  Max 
Leichtlin's  eye,  and  who  seems  to  be  intent  on  his 


business,  mistook  a  flower  for  a  weed,  and  Incarvillea 
OIg£e  compacta  went  its  way  and  disappeared  from  the 
scene.  Incarvillea  Olga;  is  not  uncommon,  and  we 
all  know  it  very  well,  but  Incarvillea  Olgffi  compacta 
is  a  very  different  thing,  and  a  stranger  to  most  of  us. 
No  careless  gardening  will  do  in  a  place  like  this— it 
would  work  havoc  in  a  very  short  time  indeed. 

But  if  plants  are  lost  in  grievous  and  unexpected 
ways,  I  was  glad  to  find  that  they  sometimes  hold 
their  own,  and  are  saved  after  the  strangest  adventures. 
The  best  Gladiolus  that  Max  Leichtlin  has  ever  had 
— his  favourite  of  favourites  with  that  particular 
flower— was  growing  once  in  a  bed  of  seedlings  which 
he  had  occasion  to  move,  and  which  were  doomed  to 
destruction,  as  he  set  no  great  value  upon  them. 
Ninety-nine,  we  may  say,  perished  accordingly,  but 
the  hundredth  was  not  so  minded  to  die.  It  con- 
quered bravely  in  the  fierce  struggle  for  existence 
which  it  had  to  endure,  and  its  owner  took  pity  on  it 
when  it  reappeared  the  following  spring,  much  to  his 
surprise,  and  he  let  it  live,  merely  because  it  stood 
out  so  well  against  adverse  circumstances,  and  seemed 
unwilling  to  perish.  The  reward  was  this— a  very 
singular  and  beautiful  Gladiolus,  which  in  leaf  and 
general  habit  differed  from  all  others,  and  of  which 
the  blossom  could  not  fail  to  be  admired, 

Mr,  Max  Leichtlin's  Experiences. 
In  addition  to  the  great  pleasure  and  profit  of 
viewing  his  plants,  there  is  an  immense  deal  to  be 
gained  from  discoursing  with  the  master  himself.  I 
have  seen  him  very  often,  and  he  most  kindly  gave 
me  access  at  all  times  to  his  domains.  The  following 
may  be  taken  as  samples  of  the  very  valuable  hints 
which  dropped  from  his  lips. 

We  were  bending  over  a  very  large  patch  of  Om- 
phalodes  Lucilice,  and  I  said,  "  How  do  you  progagate 
it  ?  Do  you  grow  it  from  seed  ?  "  The  reply  at  once 
was,  "There  is  just  one  fortnight  in  April  which  is 
good  for  increasing  it,  and  if  you  manage  to  catch  that 
one  fortnight  every  little  tiny  bit  of  it  will  grow." 
What  length  of  experience  may  have  been  wanted  to 
find  out  this  one  all-important  fortnight  in  the  course 
of  the  year  !— for  he  would  not  allow  that  outside  of  it 
there  is  the  same  chance  of  success. 

Omphalodes  Luciliae  is  very  tractable  lor  fourteen 
days,  and  for  351  days  in  the  year,  according  to  Herr 
Max  Leitchthn,  it  is  very  captious  indeed.  But  my 
lesson  did  not  by  any  manner  of  means  end  there. 
We  passed  on,  and  soon  another  great  favourite, 
Pulmonaria  dahurica,  was  reached.  In  my  crass 
ignorance  I  said,  "  I  shall  try  to  find  a  fortnight  for 
this  Pulmonaria  in  the  spring,  after  the  way  of 
Omphalodes  Lucilia."  "  Then  you  will  do  no  good 
with  it  at  all,"  was  the  immediate  reply,  "for  it  only 
divides  in  the  autumn." 

It  is  the  very  quintessence  of  horticultural  experience 
with  which  Herr  Max  Leichtlin  abounds,  and  what  is 
so  very  important  to  other  persons  is,  that  he  does  not 
try  to  keep  it  to  himself.  Who  has  not  admired 
Nerines  and  often  failed  with  Ihem  if  he  has  tried  to 
grow  them  at  all  ?  But  it  makes  all  the  difference  in 
the  way  of  encouragement  if  you  know  there  are  two 
sorts  which  stand  out  from  all  the  rest  in  point  of 
facility  of  culture,  and  other  good  properties  which 
they  possess.  Begin  with  Nerine  excellens  and  N. 
pudica,  and  let  the  troublesome  N.  saroiensis  go  its 
way.  Over  and  over  again  the  thought  was  upper- 
most in  my  mind,  "  Would  only  that  my  friend  would 
write  a  book  !  "  I  have  never  felt  this  so  strongly 
with  regard  to  any  one  else.  He  has  a  manner  of 
treating  things,  and  a  hold  upon  all  minutiae  which 
have  to  do  with  either  plants  or  bulbs  that  seem  to 
command  success,  and  long  patient  trials  have  of 
course  brought  enlightenment  with  them.  Max 
Leichtlin  can  now  tread  certainly  where  most  other 
persons  have  still  to  feel  their  way.  A  book  from 
him  full  of  horticultural  lore  would  be  of  priceless  value 
to  amateurs,  and  to  those  to  whom  progress  is  dear. 
I  was  much  amused  at  hearing  that  exactly  the  same 
thing  had  already  been  suggested  to  him. 

All  along  Max  Leichtlin  made  me  anxious  to  learn 
from  him.  It  is  true  I  went  to  Baden-Baden  for  that 
purpose,  but  the  desire  only  deepened  as  it  was  fed. 
If  I  could  put  back  the  hands  upon  the  clock  of  Time, 
and  I  had  nothing  important  to  do,  I  should  like 
nothing  better  than  to  serve  an  apprenticeship  under 
him,  and  to  enter  fully  into  all  the  inner  mysteries  of 
his  profession.  But  valuable  as  his  suggestions  cer- 
taiQly  are  from  every  point  of  view  to  the  lover  and 
cultivator  of  plants,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
his  example  must  not  be  servilely  copied  in  every  case. 


July  24,  i886.1 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


103 


It  is  right  so  far  as  it  goes  beyond  all  question  and 
doubt,  but  he  lives  and  works  amidst  surroundings 
which  no  English  gardener  can  know.  A  lizard 
which  almost  runs  across  your  hand  and  then  stands 
motionless  and  stares  you  in  the  face  reminds  you  that 
you  are  in  rather  a  hot  place.  In  the  merry  month  of 
May  the  process  of  putting  on  and  taking  off  the 
scrim  coverings  from  his  frames  requires  great  atten- 
tion and  care.  But  who  would  see  such  a  need  for 
it  in  England  at  that  early  season  of  the  year?  And 
at  midsummer  the  trouble  is  even  greater  to  which  he 
submits — the  ground  becomes  so  heated  and  baked 
by  the  fierce  rays  of  the  sun  during  the  daytime  that 
it  does  not  answer  at  all  to  water  in  the  evening, 
which  is  just  the  very  time  that  our  gardeners  take  for 
the  purpose.  Max  Leichtlin  rises  at  half-past  three 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  he  then  and  then  only 
deems  it  safe  to  water  his  favourites.  In  winter  time 
he  seems  to  suffer  in  the  opposite  way.  He  tells  me 
that  snow  very  frequently  falls  to  the  depth  of  half  a 
foot  in  a  night. 

But  the  man  must  have  his  eyes  closed  to  what  is 
beautiful  and  his  ears  shut  against  all  that  is  instruc- 
tive in  the  way  of  gaidening  lore  who  does  not  find  a 
visit  to  Baden-Baden  refreshing  and  useful  in  the  very 
highest  degree. 

We  all  have  to  be  thankful  that  there  is  one  person 
who  gives  himself  up  so  undividedly  to  the  study  of 
his  choice,  and  who  does  it  so  well  that  his  are  no 
barren  investigations,  but  they  blossom  and  bear  fruit 
abundantly,  A  Wandcrci\ 


ADIANTUM    CAPILLUS-VENERIS    VAR. 
GRANDE,   T.  M, 

The  remarkably  handsome  form  of  Adiantum 
Capillus-Veneris,  of  which  a  description  is  subjoined, 
was  sent  to  us  by  the  raiser  some  two  years  since,  at 
which  time  it  was  not  fully  developed,  and  we  advised 
its  being  grown  on  in  the  expectation  that  it  would 
prove  to  be  something  noteworthy,  and  such  it  has 
proved  to  be,  for  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  it  is  the 
finest  and  most  noble  of  all  the  varieties  of  this  species 
of  Maidenhair. 

The  plant  is  of  creeping  habit,  and  soon  developes 
a  dense  spreading  tuft  of  its  handsome  fronds.  These 
grow  about  a  foot  high,  springing  up  from  a  creeping 
scaly  rhizome,  and  have  a  black  shining  stipe  of  about 
6  inches,  and  a  triangular  ovate  lamina  of  the  same 
length,  made  up  of  alternate  spreading  pinnse  which 
consist  of  a  few  very  large  pinnules,  the  basal  ones 
on  the  lowest  pinnae  being  just  sufficiently  divided  to 
render  the  fronds  technically  tripinnate.  These 
pinnules  are  very  peculiar,  for  when  growing  on  the 
frond  they  appear  to  be  solid,  and  one  supposes  they 
are  large  and  undivided  ;  when,  however,  they  are 
gathered  and  placed  between  paper  for  the  herbarium 
they  appear  to  undergo  some  degree  of  shrinking 
without  being  reduced  in  their  general  bulk,  for  they 
are  parted  into  from  ten  to  a  dozen  dichotomously- 
dlvided  segments,  which  are  cut  down  fully  two- 
thirds  to  the  base,  so  that  a  frond  laid  in  paper  one 
day  would  scarcely  be  recognised  the  next.  In  both 
forms,  the  concrete  and  the  divided,  the  fronds  are 
particularly  handsome.  The  pinnules,  of  which  the 
larger  ones  measure  fully  an  inch  across,  vary  some- 
what in  form,  some  being  half-circular  in  outline, 
some  roundish-flabelliform,  and  some  few  cuneate,  or 
occasionally  more  or  less  rhomboidal  with  the  posterior 
line  concave.  The  margin  is  in  all  cases  deeply  lobed, 
in  a  dichotomous  manner,  with  a  sorus  occupying  the 
apex  of  each  lobe,  and  either  oblong  or  linear  in 
shape  according  to  the  breadth  of  the  lobe  on  which 
it  is  produced  ;  this  is  covered  by  a  narrow  indusium, 
which  is  regular  or  toothed  at  the  margin.  The  rachi- 
des  and  pedicels  are  of  a  glossy  black,  like  the  stipites. 

The  fortunate  raiser  of  this  fine  novelty  is  Mr.  T, 
Jannock,  of  the  Lily  Nursery,  Dersingham,  King's 
Lynn,  who  makes  a  specialty  of  the  cultivaiion  of  the 
Lily  of  the  Valley.  He  reports  that  he  finds  this 
Fern  most  useful  as  a  decorative  plant,  and  adds,  "  It 
is  hardy,  and  will  stand  out-of-doors  in  sheltered 
places  during  the  summer."  It  will  grow  in  shallow 
pans  or  vessels  of  any  description  ;  the  specimen  sent 
to  us — a  very  fine  example  of  good  cultivation, 
with  quite  a  forest  of  vigorous  fronds,  was  growing 
in  a  shallow  pan  some  1 4  inch  deep  and  6  inches  across, 
which  was  literally  hidden  from  above  by  the  mass  of 
bright  green  fronds  with  which  it  was  furnished. 


Fronds  lo  inches  to  a  foot  long  (including  stipites 
of  5— 6  inches),  evergreen,  glabrous,  triangular  ovate, 
tripinnate  ;  pinn?e  spreading,  alternate,  the  lowermost 
slightly  bipinnate  ;  pinnules  large,  shortly  and  finely 
pedicellate,  the  larger  ones  fully  an  inch  across,  half- 
circular  roundish  flabellate  or  cuneate,  the  intermedi- 
ate ones  sometimes  rhomboidal,  with  the  posterior  side 
recurved,  all  more  or  less  deeply  dichotomously 
lobate,  the  largest  ones  parted  quite  two-thirds  to 
the  base  into  12 — 15  segments;  veins  flabellately 
forked  ;  sori  oblong  or  linear,  occupying  the  apices  of 
all  the  lobes  ;  indusium  narrow,  irregular  or  toothed  at 
the  edge  ;  rhizome  creeping,  covered  with  pointed 
dark  brown  scales ;  stipes,  rachis,  and  pedicels  glossy 
black,    T:  Moore, 

LaSTREA    DILATATA    VAR.    DENTIGERA,  «,  Var, 

This  neat  and  pretty  variety,  unlike  anything  we 
find  in  our  herbarium  of  British  Ferns,  is  well  worthy 
of  record.  It  is  almost  symmetrical,  the  few  varia- 
tions in  the  two  fronds  before  us  consisting  in  one  of 
them  having  two  blank  spaces  where  there  should 
have  been  pinnce,  the  pinns  opposite  one  of  these 
blanks  being  forked  ;  and  in  the  occurrence  in  the 
other  frond  of  a  group  of  three  pairs  of  pinnse  which 
are  smaller  than  the  normal  size,  are  unequal  in  length, 
are  set  on  askew,  and  are  more  crowded  than  usual. 
The  fronds  are  dwarf  (6— S  inches  long),  slender, 
lanceolate  or  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate,  the  larger 
pinnos  about  i:^  inch  in  length,  the  pinnules  ovate 
acute,  quite  distinct  in  the  lower  part,  and  more  or 
less  decurrent  in  the  upper  part  of  the  frond  ; 
they  are  parted,  according  to  their  size,  into  from 
two  to  four  lobes,  which  ate  again  cut  into  one 
or  two  short  acute  ovate  teeth.  This  toothing 
being  very  even  throughout  the  frond  becomes 
a  very  conspicuous  feature,  and  is  intended  to  be 
indicated  by  the  name  adopted.  The  slender  stipes 
and  rachis  are  each  furnished  with  small  lanceolate 
scales,  which  are  mostly  recurved,  and  though  petite^ 
are  large  enough  to  show  here  and  there  the  dark 
brown  stripe  which  is  one  of  the  recognised  marks  of 
this  species.  The  specimens  here  described  were 
sent  to  us  by  the  Countess  of  Ilchester,  the  plants,  now 
growing  at  Melbury,  having  been  found  by  her 
in  August,  1SS5,  near  Loch  Laggan,  in  Inver- 
ness-shire, at  from  1500—2000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  In  its  minute  toothing  it  perhaps  comes 
nearest  to  L.  dilatata  erosa  among  the  older  forms, 
but  that  is  much  larger,  and  a  more  vigorous  grower. 
r.  Moore. 

Masdevallia  STRIATELLA,  ?(.  Sp* 
A  small  flowered  Masdevallia,  in  the  way  of  Mas- 
devallia chloracea  and  campyloglossa,  with  a  closed 
perigone  going  out  into  three  short  tails,  which  are 
yellow,  while  the  body  of  the  perigone  is  white,  with 
several  (always  nine  ?)  cinnamon  longitudinal  stripes. 
Petals  lanceolate,  with  an  angle  in  the  middle  of  the  in- 
ferior side,  white,  with  a  brown  mid-nerve.  Lip  lan- 
ceolate acute,  with  an  angle  on  each  side  at  the  base, 
white,  yellow  at  the  base  and  apex,  and  with  three 
longitudinal  purple  nerves.  Column  white,  with  purple 
side  borders.  The  leaf  is  rather  thick,  cuneate,  ligulate, 
blunt,  acute,  reaching  5  inches  in  length,  not  i  in 
breadth,  I  had  this  nice  little  beauty  through  the 
kindness  of  Mr.  W.  Lee,  Downside,  Leatberhead. 
H.  G,  Rchh.  p. 

Chondrorrhyncha  Lendyana,  K.  Sp.\ 
Major  A,  C,  Lendy,  Sunbury  House,  Sunbury-on- 
Thames,  Middlesex,  has  grown  this  for  some  years. 
Finally  it  has  flowered,  and  has  proved  a  chaste  novel 
beauty.  The  flower  is  nearly  as  large  as  that  of 
Warscewiczella  discolor,  but  the  petals  are  very  large, 
and  much  superior  to    the  sepals,   the  lateral   ones 

•  Masdevallia  siriatella,  n.  sp. — AfT.  Masdevallia:  chlor- 
acea. Rchb.  f.,  ac  M.  campyloglossa,  Rchb.  f. :  foliis  cuneato 
obloogo  ligiilatis  obtuse  ucutis  pedunculis  subbrevioribus 
fioribussolilanisporreciis  ;  ovaris  pedicellatis  bracteas  exceden- 
tibus  ;  mento  in  sepalorum  tubo  minute  ;  caudis  crassis  lubum 
ipsum  non  sequantibus  ;  tepalis  la  nee  is  infra  angulatis  ;  labello 
basi  utrinque  angulato  lanceo  ;  columna  clavata  apice  acuta. 
Sepalaalbida  nervis,  cinnamomeis,  caudis  aurantiacis.  Tepala 
alba  nervo  mediano  brunnea.  Labellum  basi<e  apice  llavuin 
nervis  ternis  purpurcis.  Columna  alba  purpureo  marginata. 
Col.  cl.  Lee.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

t  Chondrorrhyncha  Lendyana,  n.  sp.  — Sepalo  imparl  ligu- 
lato  obovato  acuto,  sepalis  lateralibus,  lineari  ligulatis  rcversis 
retrorsis  ;  tepalis  oblongis,  labello  elliptico  antrorsum  obscuris- 
sime  subcrenatulo,  callo  depresso  bidentato  in  disco,  rostello 
producto  tridentato.  Sepala  pallidissime  ochroleuca.  lepala 
ejusdem  coloris.  _  Labellum  croceum  maigine  antico  pallidius. 
Columna  alba  striolis  in  basi  purpureis.  Exc.  Lendy  Sunburyenj-i 
dicata,  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


are  reverse  and  retrorse,  which  produces  a  very 
peculiar  impression  ;  and  the  large  elliptical  lip  has 
a  small  bidentate  callus  in  the  centre.  Sepals  and 
petals  are  of  the  lightest  whitish-yellow,  but  the  lip  is 
much  darker.  The  column  is  white  with  some  small 
purple  lines  at  the  base  in  front.  It  is  dedicated  with 
great  satisfaction  to  its  excellent  possessor.  H.  G, 
Rchb.  f. 


THE    GENUS    ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM. 

{Continued  from  p.  39.) 

The  following  form  a  very  pretty  section,  many 
of  them  come  under  Lindley's  division  Isanthium, 
and  most  of  them  bear  branched  panicles  of  rather 
narrow-petalled  or  comparatively  small  flowers. 
All  are  from  high  elevations,  and  all  succeed  best  in 
the  cold  house,  and  with  a  liberal  supply  of  rain-water. 
Many  of  this  section  are  difficult  to  import  and  slow 
to  come  into  regular  flowering  condition,  but  they  are 
all  very  beautiful  and  free  flowering  enough  when  once 
they  get  established.  Many  of  them  also  partake 
more  of  the  habit  of  growth  of  Oncidium  macran- 
thum  than  of  the  other  sections  of  Odontoglossum,  and 
they  succeed  well  when  grown  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  plant  named. 

Odontoglossum  auropurpureum,  has  large 
pear-shaped  pseudobulbs,  and  more  or  less  erect  leaves, 
the  whole  plant  being  of  a  light  green  ;  flowers  about 
2  inches  acros5,  of  good  substance  ;  sepals  and  petals 
narrow,  yellow  marked  with  purple,  borne  on  stiff 
much-branched  upright  panicles,  often  S  feet  in  height, 
Peru  ;  Venezuela. 

O.  REVOLUTUxM. — Similar  in  habit  to  O.  Lindeni, 
but  with  stiff  leaves  rolled  back  on  either  side  of  the 
midrib.  Flowers  yellow,  borne  on  stout  spikes  in  a 
dense  pyramidal  panicle. — Hartweg,  Paramo  of 
Guanacas,  Popayan,     Height,  11,000  feet, 

O.  LiNDENi.  —  Habit  of  O.  auropurpureum. 
Flowers  on  upright  scapes,  2  to  3  feet,  the  upper  half 
branched,  each  arm  bearing  several  narrow-petalled 
flowers,  wavy  at  the  edge,  of  a  clear  yellow  tint,  and 
neatly  2  inches  across. — New  Grenada  ;  6000  feet. 

O.  SPATHACEUM,  —  Of  this  Lindley,  in  Folia 
Orchidacea^  says  :  —  "A  noble  plant,  with  large 
panicles  of  spotted  flowers,  apparently  yellow,  with 
sepals  \\  inch  long.  The  bracts  are  much  larger  and 
more  spathaceous  than  in  the  allied  species."  More 
recently  received  dried  specimens  prove  the  plant  to 
be  a  very  fine  one,  with  golden-yellow  flowers,  some- 
times marked  with  crimson  spots.  It  is,  however, 
very  difi&cult  to  import,  and  but  few  of  it  have  sur- 
vived.— New  Grenada. 

O.  PARDINUM,  originally  discovered  by  Dr. 
Jameson  in  the  Andes  of  Ecuador  at  a  height  of 
10,000  feet,  and  well  flowered  by  Backhouse,  of 
York,  in  1S67,  has  ovate  compressed  pseudobulbs 
and  narrow  acute  leaves,  all  of  a  greyish-green.  It 
bears  narrow-petalled  flowers  on  strong  panicles,  and 
the  variation  in  the  colouring  is  very  great,  some  of 
the  varieties  being  wholly  yellow,  some  spotted,  and 
some  barred  with  reddish-brown.  All  are  pretty  and 
fragrant. 

O.  ANGtJSTATUM. — This  is  a  very  elegant  plant, 
with  narrow  pyriform  pseudobulbs,  each  bearing  one 
leaf.  The  flowers  are  on  erect  branched  panicles. 
Sepals  narrow,  greenish-yellow  with  a  line  of  brown 
in  the  middle.  Petals  broader  and  wavy  at  the  edge, 
yellow  with  brown  bars. — Peru,  in  the  valley  of  the 
Lloa  ;   height  8000  feet. 

O.  CLAviCEPS. — This  curious  species  has  large 
twiggy  branched  panicles  of  flowers,  reminding  one 
of  Oncidium  phymatochilum.  The  narrow  wavy 
petals  and  sepals  are  cinnamon,  barred  with  darker 
brown,  the  lateral  sepals  being  under  the  labellum. — 
Ecuador. 

O.  RAMOSissiMUM.  —  This,  although  known  for 
many  years,  is  not  yet  plentiful  in  collections.  The 
pseudobulbs  are  oval  and  compressed,  leaves  long, 
narrow,  and  pointed.  Flowers  on  upnghr,  much 
branched  panicles,  sometimes  almost  wholly  pure 
white,  in  others  tinged  with  lilac,  and  in  some, 
of  the  forms  white,  profusely  spotted  with  purple  ; 
lip  purple  at  the  front  portion.  The  late  Mr.  Roezl 
mentions  having  found  it  at  Meanizal,  Columbia,  at 
12,000 — 13,000  feet,  where  it  is  often  subjected  to 
frost. 

O.  Edwardii. — Plentifully  sent  from  Ecuador  about 
1S78  by  Edward  Klaboch,  after  whom  it  was  named. 
It  is  a  fine  and  distinct  species,  with  stout  dark  green 
pseudobulbs  and   strong    panicles   of  violet-coloured 


I04 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[July  24,  1886. 


flowers,  each  about  an  inch  across.  It  is  also  very 
fragrant. 

O.  lOPLOCON  resembles  a  plant  intermediate 
between  O.  ramosisfimum  and  O.  Edwardii,  both  of 
which  it  resembles  in  some  o(  its  features.  Flowers 
mauve,  the  wavy  segments  being  broader  and  shorter 
than  those  of  O.  ramosissimum.  It  flowered  with 
Mr.  Bull,  of  Chelsea. 

O.  LILIFLORUM.— Under  this  name  a  very  charm- 
ing plant  was  exhibited  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  It  bears  a  resemblance 
to  O.  ioplocon,  but  is  much  stronger  growing  if  Mr. 
Buchan's  plant  fairly  represents  it.  It  has  since  been 
imported  and  sold  under  the  name  O.  liliflorum,  and 
thus  the  name  is  established  in  gardens.  It  bears 
stout  flower-spikes  3  to  4  feet  in  length,  naked  for 
two-thirds  of  the  length,  and  bearing  at  the  top  a 
dense  head  of  rose-coloured  flowers,  each  over  an  inch 
across,  the  segments  being  broader  and  shorter  than 
O.  ramosissimum.  Janics  O'Brien. 


ACORN   GALLS. 

The  inquiry  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  as  to  the  origin  of  "cocoons  in  an  acorn 
at  Cannes,"  furnishes  a  convenient  opportunity  for  a 
brief  sketch  of  what  is  known  of  this  interesting  phe- 
nomenon. From  the  description  given  I  have  little 
doubt  that  these  so-called  cocoons  are  true  galls,  and 
probably  produced  by  a  small  gall-making  Cynips 
known  as  Andricus  glandium,  or  a  closely  allied 
species.  Mayr,  in  his  Die  Mitteleuropaischen  Eielien- 
gallen,  in  describing  the  acorn-galls  of  Andricus 
glandium,  says:  — "If  we  cut  through  the  fallen 
acorns  of  the  Turkey  Oak  in  autumn,  we  often  find  in 
their  interior  a  remarkable  thickening  of  the  brown 
shell,  which  takes  the  place  of  part  of  the  nut,  and  in 
section  show  while,  hard,  oviform,  or  polyhedral 
inner  galls  of  about  the  size  of  a  Hemp-seed.  They 
ate  joined  together  with  slightly  denser  tissue,  and  in 
ench  there  lies  a  gall-fly  larva.  Sometimes  we  find 
the  acorn-shell  only  thickened  by  a  single  gall  at  a 
place,  but  sometimes  the  seed  is  wholly  appropriated, 
and  the  whole  acorn  filled  with  these  galls."  He 
further  remarks  that  the  fly  was  not  bred  until  the 
thiid  year  after  the  galls  were  gathered.  The  above 
translation,  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Fitch,  together  with  other 
infoimation,  may  be  found  in  the  Entomologist  for 
187S. 

ilcfore  considering  how  far  the  description  of  the 
cocrons  found  at  Cannes  agrees  with  the  above,  we 
may  mention  what  is  known  of  acorn-galls  in  Britain, 
as  we  shall  see  it  has  a  distinct  bearing  on  the  ques- 
tion. In  the  autumn  of  1S74  Mr.  G.  B.  Rothera 
collected  at  Ollerton,  Nottinghamshire,  an  acorn-gall 
which  he  describes  as  a  thin,  shelly,  unilocular  gall, 
lying  loosely  within  the  acorn-case,  and  containing  a 
large,  fat,  white,  mandibulate  larva,  closely  resem- 
bling that  of  Cynips  Kollari,  the  maker  of  the  well- 
known  bullet-gall.  He  remarks  that  it  does  not 
agree  with  the  one  figured  by  Mayr,  nor  with  Giraud's 
description,  which  applies  to  a  multilocular  gall. 

In  the  early  summer  of  1S75  Mr.  Cameron  col- 
lected near  Glasgow  two  or  three  galls  which  he 
referred  to  this  species.  As  they  were,  however, 
from  the  common  Oak,  as  were  presumably  the 
Notts  specimens,  it  is  very  doubtful  if  they  belong  to 
A.  glandium,  which  has  only  yet  been  certainly  bred 
from  the  Turkey  Oak.  And  what  renders  the  suspi- 
cion that  they  are  produced  by  a  distinct  species  the 
more  certain  is  the  fact  that  of  the  numerous  Euro- 
pean galls  now  known,  none  are  common  to  these 
two  species  of  Oak. 

In  the  autumn  of  1877  Miss  E.  A.  Ormerod  dis- 
covered at  Kew  acorn-galls  on  the  true  Turkey  Oak, 
Q.  Cerris,  and  its  variety,  Lucombeana.  These  I 
have  little  doubt  are  really  produced  by  A.  glandium. 
They  are  common  at  Kew  every  autumn,  though  I 
have  not  yet  succeeded  in  breeding  the  insect.  The 
chief  difference  between  the  two  consists  in  the  more 
dwarfed  state  of  the  acorn  in  English  than  in  South 
European  specimens,  though  this  would  hardly  de- 
note a  specific  difference  if  unaccompanied  by  any 
other,  and  possibly  may  be  due  to  our  less  favourable 
climate.  Now  comes  an  interesting  point.  Miss 
Ormerod,  in  the  spring  of  the  previous  year,  had 
found  a  bud-gall  on  the  same  O^k  which  yielded  the 
acorn-galls  in  the  autumn,  and  on  forwarding  speci- 
mens to  Herr  von  Schlechtendal,  he  gave  the  opinion 
that  they  corresponded  to  the  bud-galls  of  Andricus 
cirpulans  of  Mayr.    Miss  Ormerod  then  threw  out  the 


suggestion  that  further  search  might  possibly  show 
these  two  galls  to  be  the  spring  and  autumn  forms  of 
the  same  species,  as  is  now  so  well  known  in  the 
case  of  the  common  Oak.  Whether  this  be  really  the 
case  is  a  problem  which  I  believe  yet  awaits  a 
solution. 

This  dimorphism  in  galls  is  an  extremely  interesting 
and  even  remarkable  fact,  for  the  two  forms  have 
hitherto  been  usually  placed  in  distinct  genera.  If 
acceptable  I  may  possibly  return  to  this  at  some 
future  date  ;  in  the  meantime  it  would  materially  help 
in  the  solution  of  the  question  as  to  the  maker  of  the 
cocoons  found  at  Cannes  if  Mr.  W.  Marshall  could 
inform  me  if  the  acorns  were  those  of  the  Turkey  Oak 
or  of  the  common  species,  and,  still  better,  if  he  would 
kindly  forward  me  specimens,  on  some  future  occa- 
sion, for  identification,  and  to  enable  me  to  breed  the 
maker,  if  possible.   R.  A.  Rolfe,  Herbarium,  Kew. 


(Prfl|id  %i\ti  and  ilcanings. 


HEMIPILIA  CALOPHYLLA. 
This  is  an  interesting  and  very  beautiful  addition 
to  the  genera  of  Orchids  now  cultivated  at  Kew.  It 
was  in  flower  there  till  a  few  days  ago,  when,  a  figure 
of  it  having  been  made,  the  spike  was  secured  and 
carefully  dried  for  the  Herbarium.  It  is  well  described 
by  Professor  Reichenbach,  as  follows: — "The  leaf 
is  dark  green,  very  beautifully  mottled  and  netted 
with  brown,  and  equals  that  of  the  common  Ilemi- 
pilia  cordifolia,  Lindl.,  as  does  the  whole  plant.  The 
elegant  flowers  are  white,  with  green  tips  to  the 
sepals  and  petals  ;  the  lip  is  purplish,  and,  according 
to  a  note  of  the  Rev.  C.  Parish,  flowers  wholly 
purplish  occur."  The  plant  was  detected  on  lime- 
stone rocks  near  Moulmein,  in  August,  1873,  by  the 
Rev.  C.  Parish  who  forwarded  to  Professor  Reichen- 
bach a  drawing,  and  a  specimen  with  an  eight- 
flowered  spike.  In  habit  it  resembles  a  Goodyera  or 
Anaectochilus,  except  that  it  has  the  peculiarity  of 
producing  only^a  single  leaf.   R.  A,  R. 

Dendrobium  breviflorum,  Lindl. 

This  long  lost,  though  by  no  means  showy  Den- 
drobium, has  again  turned  up,  a  specimen,  received 
from  the  Calcutta  Botanic  Garden,  being  now  in 
flower  at  Kew.  It  was  described  by  Lindley  in  1859, 
with  the  information  that  it  flowered  in  1844,  in  the 
nursery  of  the  Messrs.  Loddiges  ;  the  wild  locality 
being  doubtfully  given  as  Singapore.  A  coloured 
drawing  at  Kew,  received  from  the  Calcutta  Botanic 
Garden,  however,  states  that  the  plant  was  introduced 
there  from  Parasnath,  in  the  Indian  province  of  Behar 
— a  much  more  likely  locality.  The  flowers,  which 
are  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  are  borne  in  fascicles  on 
pseudobulbs  of  the  previous  year.  The  sepals  and 
petals  are  pale  greenish-white,  with  crimson  spots 
arranged  somewhat  in  longitudinal  stripes.  The  lip 
is  three-lobed  ;  the  broad  central  lobe  yellow  in 
colour,  and  the  falcate  acute  side-lobes  crimson.  The 
column  is  creamy-white,  with  a  crimson  border  round 
the  stigma.  Lindley's  herbarium  contains  a  well  exe- 
cuted coloured  drawing  of  the  flower,  a  portion  of  a 
pseudobulb,  and  a  fascideof  flowers.  R.  A.  Rolfe,A'ew. 

Some    Orchids    in    Flower    at    Messrs. 
J.  Veitch  &  Son's. 

The  large  Cattleya-house  still  contains  a  good 
number  of  plants  in  flower,  but  we  could  perceive 
the  season  was  fast  drawing  to  a  close,  and  a  week  or 
so  of  hot  weather  will  dispose  of  the  remainder  of  the 
harvest  of  bloom  that  has  now  lasted  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year.  A  few  Cattleya  Sanderiana,  in 
which  considerable  diversity  of  colour  and  some  also 
in  size  of  bloom  were  noticed  ;  the  cheerful-looking 
C.  crispa,  a  few  richly-coloured  C.  Dowiana,  and  C. 
elegans ;  Laelia  elegans,  always  so  capital  a  contrast 
in  its  pure  white  to  the  high-coloured  species  ;  and 
several  of  the  lesser  known  Lselia  xanlhina,  with 
flowers  of  white  and  pale  yellow.  Of  the  charming 
species  C.  guttata  Leopoldi  there  were  several  plants 
bearing  robust  spikes  of  eight  or  ten  blooms  each, 
distinct  from  everything  else  by  the  richness  of  their 
tints. 

In  other  houses  were  Angraecum  Scottianum, 
a  pretty  diminutive  species,  pure  white,  the  tail 
measuring  6  inches  in  length  ;  the  very  varied  as  to 
colourOncidium  Jonesianum;  Dendrobium  endocbaris. 


one  of  Mr.  Seden's  hybrids,  with  terete  pseudobulbs 
and  white  flowers.  Mignonette-scented  ;  and  D. 
rbodostoma,  a  small  flower,  with  the  colours  common 
to  D.  nobilc. 

Cattleya  gigas. 
This  species  has  done  very  well  this  season  in  the 
gardens  of  De  B.  Crawshay,  Esq.,  Rosefield,  Seven- 
oaks.  It  is  certainly  one  of  the  finest  of  the  genus, 
and  grows  freely  enough,  but  is  very  shy  in  flowering. 
If  the  plants  are  potted  in  the  same  way  as  C.  Mossiae, 
C.  Mendelii,  C.  Trianas,  &c.,  and  placed  on  a  stage, 
they  will  probably  remain  flowerless.  I  have  grown 
it  the  best  in  blocks  suspended  near  the  roof.  Mr, 
Cooke,  the  gardener,  has  placed  his  plants  in  pans 
and  baskets,  and  hung  them  up  near  the  roo'.  Nearly 
the  whole  of  the  growths  have  produced  flowe:s  out 
of  a  considerable  number  of  plants.  It  likes  a  warm 
temperature  when  making  its  growth.  J.  Douglas, 

Spathoglottis  angustorum. 

From  the  Compagnie  Continenlale  of  Ghent  we 
have  received  a  cut  spike  of  the  singular  and  beau- 
tiful plant  described  by  Professor  Reichenbach  in 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  vol.  xxv.,  p.  334,  and 
figured  in  the  Lindenia,  t.  25.  The  flowers 
are  borne  in  close  many-flowered  terminal  racemes, 
each  flower  springing  from  a  white  boat-shaped, 
eventually  reflexed,  bract.  The  slender  erect 
pedicels  measure  about  an  inch  in  length,  and  pass 
imperceptibly  into  the  ovary,  which  is  linear,  un- 
twisted, and  of  about  the  fame  length  as  the  pedicel. 
The  individual  flowers  are  about  ij  inch  in  diameter, 
white,  flushed  with  lilac  ;  the  three  sepals  broad  at 
the  base,  oblong-acute,  concave,  the  side  petals  of  a  , 
similar  colour,  but  broader  and  tapering  at  the  base  ; 
the  lip  is  shorter  than  the  petals,  and  of  singular 
construction  :  the  basal  portion  has  on  each  side  a  lobe 
of  falcate  oblong  obtuse  form,  and  of  a  purplish-brown 
colour,  finely  spotted,  ascending  and  arching  over  the 
central  callus,  which  has  a  median  groove,  bounded 
on  either  side  by  a  thick  wedge-shaped  process,  flat 
at  the  top,  and  provided  with  a  few  hairs  ;  at  the  base 
o(  this  callus,  on  either  side,  are  two  small  ear-shaped 
processes,  while  in  front  of  them  the  lip  runs  out  into 
a  long  slender  stalk  or  unguis,  pointed  in  the  middle, 
and  dilating  in  front  into  a  petaloid  transversely 
oblong,  two-lobed  violet-coloured  limb.  The  column 
is  about  half  the  length  of  the  petals,  club-shaped, 
white,  arching  over  the  side  lobes  of  the  lip.  Pol- 
linia  eight,  with  long  stalks. 

We  do  not  know  directly  by  what  means  the  flowers 
get  fertilised,  but  the  inference  to  be  drawn  from  the 
structure  is  highly  curious.  It  will  be  seen  from  what 
has  been  before  said  that  there  is  a  well-marked 
tunnel  in  front  of  the  base  of  the  column,  a  tunnel 
formed  by  the  side  lobes  of  the  lip  which  form 
the  sides  and  roof,  while  the  floor  is  formed 
by  the  deeply-grooved  callus  or  wart.  In  front  of 
this  is  the  lip  with  its  long  slalk  jointed  in 
the  middle,  and  terminating  in  a  petal-like  expansion. 
We  imagine  from  this  structure  that  an  insect  alight- 
ing on  the  fore  part  of  the  lip  crawls  along  the  tunnel 
at  the  base  to  get  at  the  honey.  Having  entered 
the  tunnel  the  door,  which  at  first  stood  invitingly 
open,  is  closed  behind  him  by  the  action  of  the  hinge 
in  the  stalk  of  the  lip.  The  lip,  in  fact,  which  was 
at  first  in  a  straight  line  becomes,  probably  by  the 
impact  of  the  insect  exciting  the  movement,  sud- 
denly bent  at  right  angles,  thus  more  or  less  effectually 
closing  the  tunnel,  or  at  any  rate  detaining  the  insect, 
which  in  its  struggles  to  free  itself  from  the  trap  must 
infallibly  dislodge  the  pollen  masses.  M.  T.  M. 


AZALEA    OCCIDENTALIS. 

The  word  Azalea  olTers  a  difficulty  in  nomenclature. 
Botanists  have  ascertained  that  between  Rhododen- 
drons and  Azaleas  there  are  no  absolute  limitations — 
that  while  a  Rhododendron  proper  and  an  Azalea 
proper  are  amply  distinct,  there  are  intermediates 
which  do  not  fit  precisely  into  one  or  the  other,  and 
consequently  from  their  point  of  view  there  is  but  one 
genus,  of  which  Azalea  is  a  mere  subdivision.  From 
a  garden  point  of  view,  however.  Azaleas  are  not 
Rhododendrons,  nor  are  Rhododendrons  Azaleas — the 
intermediates  are  unknown  or  ignored,  and  custom 
has  become  too  potent  to  allow  of  any  change  in  garden 
nomenclature.  So  long  as  it  is  understood  what 
is  meant  it  really  is  not  of  much  consequence  ;  and 
under  these  circumstances  we  prefer  to  stick  to  the 
garden  nomenclature,  and  call  this  plant  Azalea  occi- 
dentalis.  Botanicatly  it  is  Rhododendron  (section 
Azalea)  occidentale. 


July  24    18 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


105 


Azalea  calendulacea  has  long  been  known  from  the 
Eastern  or  Atlantic  States,  and  the  present  species 
from  California  is  in  the  dried  state  so  like  the  older- 
known  plant,  that  it  is  no  wonder  that  it  was  thought 
they  were  identical.  Nevertheless,  the  Pacific  plant 
is  amply  different  when  seen  in  the  fresh, 
and  so,  instead  of  one  species  common  to  both 
sides  of  the  American  continent  we  have  two— one 
peculiar  to  the  South  Atlantic  Slates,  the  other  to  the 
West  or  Pacific  Slates.     Whether  or  no  they  origi- 


This,  and  the  illustration  (fig.  21),  preclude  the 
necessity  for  giving  further  botanical  detail.  Its 
garden  history  is  that  it  was  introduced  to  the 
Veitchian  nursery  at  Exeter,  many  years  ago,  by  Mr. 
W.  Lobb,  and  it  was  from  this  source  that  Sir  W. 
Hooker's  figure  was  taken.  From  the  same 
source,  probably,  were  derived  the  bushes  in  the  Kew 
Arboretum  ;  little,  however,  has  been  heard  or  thought 
of  the  plant  till  recently.  Just  as  we  were  thinking 
Azaleas  were  nearly  over,  Mr.  Anthony  Wattrer 
brought  up  to  South  Kensington  trusses  of  this  Azalea, 


the  community  are  due  to  Mr.  Waterer  for  once  more 
bringing  this  under  notice. 


^COTCH      j^toTEg. 

The  Tweed  Vineyard,  Clovenfords.— It  is 
nearly  eight  years  since  we  had  the  pleasure  of  look- 
ing over  this  famous  Grape-growing  establishment. 


Fig.  21.— azalea  occidentalis  :   flowers  orange  and  crimson,  fragrant. 


nated  in  some  remote  past  from  one  common  stock  no 
one  can  say ;  probably  they  did,  but  the  pedigree  is 
not  forthcoming,  and  we  must  now  take  them  for 
what  they  are— two  distinct  species. 

A.  occidentalis  is  a  native  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  of  the  coast  range  along  streams.  It  is  fully 
described  in  the  Botany  of  California,  vol.  i., 
and  in  Gray's  Synoptical  Flora  of  North  America, 
vol.  ii.,  part  I  (1878),  p.  40,  having  been  pre- 
viously described  from  imperfect  materials  by 
Torrey  and  Gray,  and  by  the  late  Sir  W.  Hooker, 
who  figured  it  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  5005. 


which  attracted  great  attention  from  the  season  at 
which  they  were  shown,  as  well  as  from  the  beauty  and 
fragrance  of  their  flowers.  The  flowers  are  each  about 
2  inches  long,  the  tube  I  inch,  cylindric-funnel-shaped, 
deep  rosy-red  and  shining,  though  not  so  thickly  beset 
with  glandular  hairs  as  A.  calendulacea,  in  which  also 
the  tube  is  more  slender.  The  leaves,  too,  are  bright 
shining  green,  assuming,  we  are  told,  a  glowing  red 
colour  in  autumn.  At  the  margins  they  are  bristly, 
but  not  serrulate  as  they  are  shown  in  the  woodcut. 
For  the  rest  our  illustration,  taken  from  Mr.  Waterer's 
specimen,  tells  its  own  tale.  Anything  which  will 
prolong  the  Azalea  season  is  welcome,  and  this  has 
so  many  good  points  in  addition  that  the  thanks  of 


Many  changes  have  taken  place  since  then  in  the 
horticultural  world,  short  though  the  time  be— few  of 
them  for  the  better,  many  for  the  worse,  whether  the 
view  be  taken  from  the  commercial,  the  social,  or  the 
domestic  standpoint.  There  have  been  changes  in 
this  great  place  also,  as  we  noticed  on  the  occasion 
o(  a  recent  visit,  but  they  are  of  such  a  nature  as  to 
increase  rather  than  diminish  the  interest  of  the  visitor, 
while  they  undoubtedly  add  to  the  profit  of  the  pro- 
prietors. Perhaps  the  most  notable  change  in  recent 
years  is  the  discarding  of  the  market  plant  trade  and 
the  substitution  of  Orchid  growing  instead. 


io6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  24,  i886. 


The  Orchids. 

The  suites  of  houses  formerly  devoted  to  the  culti- 
vation of  thousairls  of  the"  usual  classes  of  market 
plants  are  now  filled  with  valuable  Orchids.  The  col- 
lection consists  only  of  the  best  species  and  varieties 
obtainable — nothing  inferior  of  its  kind  is  grown,  and 
the  genera  selected  from  include  all  that  are  popular 
at  the  present  time.  The  condition  of  the  stock  is 
exceptionally  good,  the  plants  clean,  vigorous,  and  well 
established.  Of  rare  kinds  we  noted  fine  plants  of 
Anguloa  eburnea  (true)  and  A.  Ruckeriana  in  flower, 
both  specifically  alike  in  growth,  but  totally  distinct 
in  colour,  the  former  pure  ivory-white  and  spotless, 
the  latter  deep  bronze  crimson,  and  both  as  interest- 
ing as  they  are  rarely  seen.  Some  fine  forms  of 
Odontoglossum  citrosmum  were  flowering  freely,  and 
several  splendid  plants  of  Dendrobium  suavissimum 
were  profusely  covered  with  their  thyrses  of  lovely 
flowers.  Among  Cattleyas  we  noted  a  goodly  number 
of  G.  Gaskelliana  in  flower,  which,  if  not  one  of  the 
best  of  the  genus,  is  certainly  a  most  useful  one,  inas- 
much as  it  extends  the  possible  season  of  Cattleya 
blooming  to  a  period  long  after  that  in  which  the  other 
sections  of  the  genus  have  ceased  to  flower.  Cypri- 
pedium  ciliolare,  as  seen  here,  is  a  very  distinct  and 
desirable  species.  Why  such  a  beautiful  and  free- 
blooming  sort  should  have  made  so  little  impression 
on  Orchid  growers  at  the  time  of  its  introduction  is 
difficult  to  conceive.  It  is  unquestionably  one  of  the 
finest  and  most  distinct  of  the  section  of  the  Lady's 
Slipper  family,  to  which  it  belongs.  There  were 
some  admirably  healthy  specimens  of  C.  Dominianum 
in  bloom,  and  a  magnificent  specimen  of  C.  Stonei 
in  a  20-inch  pot  that  was  formerly  in  the  collection 
of  the  late  Mr.  Sam  Mendel  in  his  most  glorious  hor- 
ticultural days.  Some  very  healthy  plants  of  Phalx- 
nopsis  Luddemanniana  were  flowering  freely  in 
baskets  ;  and  the  dwarf  and  best  form  of  Sobralia  ma- 
crantha  was  showing  a  profusion  of  its  always 
attractive  blooms.  The  most  noticeable  of  rare 
species  and  varieties  not  in  flower  were  vigorous 
plants  of  L.-slia  Jonghiana,  with  from  seven  to  nine 
bulbs;  Dendrobium  nobilenobilius,  line  young  stock, 
in  fine  growth  ;  Lrelia  Amanda,  Cattleya  Skinneri 
alba,  C.  exoniensis,  Laclia  anceps  alba,  Ccclogyne 
Massangeana,  C.  cristata  (Chatsworth  variety)— of 
the  latter  a  large  stock  propagated  from  original  plants ; 
Dendrobium  Leechianum,  a  fine  batch  of  young  plants ; 
andOdontoglossum  Pescatorei  Thomsoni,  a  very  supe- 
rior form  olihis  popular  species.  The  stock  ol  Masde- 
vallias  and  Odontoglossums,  containing  only  the  be.t 
varieties  of  all  that  are  worth  growing,  is  all  well 
established,  and  being  propagated  at  home— not  im- 
ported—are to  be  depended  upon  as  to  the  character 
of  each  individual  plant.  There  were  a  good  many 
plants  of  Odontoglossum  Alexandr,-e,  and  a  few  of 
O.  Pescatorei,  in  bloom,  all  showing  distinctiveness 
and  purity  of  colouring.  Several  strong  tufts  of  Mas- 
devallia  chimera  were  the  only  samples  of  that  genus 
in  flower. 

The  Vineries. 

A  look  through  the  vineries  was  very  gratifying. 
We  have  often  had  the  pleasure  of  inspecting  them 
since  they  were  first  planted  some  sixteen  or  seventeen 
years  ago,  but  have  never  seen  the  Vines  more  heavily 
cropped  or  in  better  health  than  on  this  occasion. 
The  Lady  Downe's  houses  are  simply  grand,  the  crop 
enormous,  the  bunches  large,  almost  uniform  in  siz> 
from  top  to  bottom  of  the  long  rafters,  averaging 
2500  in  each  house.  Viewed  from  an  end  of  the 
house,  the  crop  appears  to  be  a  solid  mass  of  noble 
bunches  and  berries.  The  Gros  Colmar  houses  are 
even  more  remarkable  for  the  excessive  weight  of  the 
crop  they  contain.  The  bunches  are  somewhat  fewer 
perhaps  per  Vine,  but  the  enormous  size  of  the 
berries,  which  in  the  earliest  house  are  jnst  beginning 
to  colour,  and  the  greater  bulk  of  the  bunches  com- 
bine to  give  an  appearance  of  greater  weight  than  is 
suggested  by  the  view  of  ihe  Lidy  Downe's  crop. 

These  two  Vines  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria  form 
the  bulk  of  the  crop  now  grown  at  Clovenfords. 
The  two  first  are  the  favourites  in  the  market,  they 
take  more  readily  by  the  public  than  any  other  sorts. 
They  keep  belter,  and  carry  with  much  less  risk  of 
damage  to  distant  markets,  and  as  these  are  the  chief 
01  rather  the  only  outlets  for  such  masses  ol  the  best 
qualities  of  grapes  as  are  annually  produced  here,  the 
selection  of  sorts  and  other  arrangements  are  all 
made  by  Ihe  proprietors  with  the  view  of  meeting  the 
requirements  of  their  trade.  Very  little  from  Cloven- 
fords finds  its  way  into  Scotch  markets,  consequently 
only  sorts  that  will  carry  and  keep  well  are  grown, 


For  this  reason  we  regretted  to  observe  that  the 
space  devoted  to  the  growth  of  the  Duke  of 
liuccleuch  is  very  much  restricted  as  compared  with 
what  it  was  formerly.  This  is  not  a  good  keeping 
Grape,  nor  is  it  a  good  traveller.  Its  thin  skin,  its 
slender  footstalks,  and  its  enormous  weight,  all  un- 
suit  it  for  either  keeping  long  or  travelling  well.  But 
provided  there  is  a  ready  market  near  at  hand,  Messrs. 
Thomson  are  still  of  opinion  that  the  "  Duke"  is  one 
of  the  best  and  most  profitable  to  grow  for  market 
purposes.  No  variety  is  more  in  favour  with  retail 
dealers  or  consumers  of  Grapes,  and  it  is  with  regret 
that  Messrs.  Thonnon  find  themselves  compelled,  for 
the  reasons  above  stated,  to  limit  their  own  growth  of  it. 
The  most  astonishing  fact  that  came  to  our  know- 
ledge in  connection  with  the  Vines  at  Clovenfords  on 
this  occasion,  was  that  the  use  of  farmyard  or  stable 
manure  had  been  wholly  discontinued  during  the  last 
three  or  four  years  ;  it  is  not  even  used  in  the  way  of 
mulchings.  Grass  mown  from  the  roadsides  in  the 
neighbourhood,  is  the  only  material  used  for  mulch- 
ing, and  that  only  on  inside  borders  to  moderate 
evaporation,  and  to  prevent  the  raising  of  dust  by  the 
passage  o(  the  munerous  visitors  through  the  houses. 
Nothing  in  the  shape  of  nutriment  or  stimulant  has 
been  given  to  these  Vines  during  the  time  stated  above, 
except  the  "Improved"  Vine  manure,  manufactured 
by  Messrs.  Thomson  themselves.  Prior  to  that  time 
they  were  treated  to  stable  manure  collected  for  them 
in,  and  hauled  at  great  cost  from  Galashiels,  a  dis- 
tance of  3  miles,  but  the  exhausted  soil  did  not 
respond  to  such  applications,  and  the  Vines  decreased 
in  vigour,  shanking  set  in,  and  it  became  evident  that 
a  change  of  treatment  must  be  adopted  or  disaster 
would  ensue.  Many  experiments  had  been  instituted 
prior  to  this  time  with  the  various  aitificial  manures 
that  are  in  the  market,  some  of  which  proved  per- 
fectly satisfactory,  as  mere  stimulants  during  the 
periods  of  growth,  but  were  deficient  in  the  staying 
qualities  requisite  to  the  reinvigoration  of  worn  out 
plants  such  as  the  Vine  by  accretion.  The  result  was 
the  concocting  of  their  own  special  manure,  originally 
only  for  their  own  purposes,  and  which  the  public  now 
have  the  advantage  of,  but  not  before  Messrs.  Thom- 
son had  proven  by  their  own  experience  that  it  was 
all  they  desired  to  meet  the  requirements  of  their  own 
case.  Their  \'ines  have  improved  steadily  since  they 
changed  their  treatment  as  regards  mrnure,  and  if  re- 
sults mean  anything  in  such  a  matter  they  are  eloquent 
at  Clovenfords  in  favour  of  the  new  treatment.  As 
regards  the  actual  cost  relatively  of  the  artificial  and 
the  natural  manures,  Mr,  W  Thomson,  sen.,  con- 
siders the  firm  are  over  ^100  annually  in  pocket  by 
the  change,  the  larger  portion  of  which  sum  was  due 
to  the  labour  attendant  on  the  use  of  the  latter.  Clean- 
liness and  the  absence  of  unsightly  litter  are  points  of 
perhaps  secondary  consideration  to  growers  for  market 
generally,  but  not  so  at  Clovenfords,  where  everything 
is  kept  in  spick  and-span  order,  and  there  is  evident 
economy  in  any  case  in  the  maintenance  of  such  con- 
ditions. .V. 


YrEE?      and      ^HF^UBg. 

RETIN'OSPORA  TETRAGONA  AUREA. 
Messrs.  W.  IJakron  h  Son,  of  Borrowash,  showed 
at  Liverpool  a  fine  specimen  of  ihia  compact  growin}^ 
Conifer,  which  has  the  great  advantage,  we  were  told, 
of  doing  well  in  the  colliery  districts,  where  it  is 
exposed  not  only  to  foul  air,  but  to  strong  wind.  We 
do  not  know  the  source  of  this  fine  golden  variety. 

ACIES   DOUGLASII    GLAUCA. 

This  handsome  variety  is,  we  learn  on  the 
authority  of  Messr?.  Barron,  who  showed  a  fine  plant 
at  Liverpool,  hardier  than  the  common  form  and 
that  from  Vancouver  Island,  and  less  liable  to  be  hurt 
by  spring  frost. 

Zenobia  speciosa. 
The  most  experienced  botinists  seem  to  be  In  accord 
in  considering  that  there  is  but  one  species  of  this 
genu5  (by  some  considered  a  section  of  Andromeda), 
and  that  specie-,  moreover,  very  variable.  Asa  Gray 
says  that  it  varies  from  bright  green  to  chalky  while 
{Synoptical  Flora  of  North  America,  p.  30).  For 
garden  purposes,  however,  it  is  well  to  keep  the 
varieties  distinct.  The  variety  pulverulenta,  figured 
by  U5  at  p.  109,  Gardiners  Chronicle,  vol.  xx.,  has 
oblong  obtuse    leaves,   markedly   crenate,  and   very 


glaucous.  The  pedicel?,  arranged  in  umbels  along 
the  ends  of  the  tranches,  are  about  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  long,  and  the  drooping  flowers  measure 
rather  over  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  are 
bell-shaped,  or  somewhat  funnel-shaped,  not  dis- 
tended, in  the  middle. 

Andromkda  cassinifolia, 
of  which  a  specimen  has  been  kindly  sent  us  from 
Combe  Wood  by  Messrs.  Veitch,  is  even  more  beauti- 
ful, so  far  as  the  flowers  are  concerned.  The  young 
shoots  are  somewhat  angular,  and  bear  shortly- 
stalked,  ovate-oblong,  finely-serrulate,  not  crenate, 
rather  thick  green  leaves,  the  colour  of  which  is  set 
off  by  the  red  tint  of  the  shoot-stalks.  The  flowers 
are  like  those  of  a  Lily  of  the  Valley  on  a  large  scale, 
bell-shaped,  distended  in  the  middle,  and  arranged  in 
tufts  or  umbels  on  alternate  sides  of  the  shoot  for  a 
length  of  4  or  5  inches.  Both  forms  are  strikingly 
handsome,  and  so  hardy  that  one  wonders  not  to  see 
them  more  frequently. 

Hydrangea  involucrata. 
From  Messrs.  Veitch  we  have  received,  from  their 
rich  stores  at  Combe  Wood,  flowering  specimens  of 
Hydrangea  involucrata  vera,  a  plant  with  the  stems 
and  foliage  more  or  less  covered  with  stout  bristly 
hairs,  the  leaves  shortly  stalked,  lanceolate,  finely 
toothed,  and  with  prominent  nerves.  The  two  upper- 
most leaves  or  bracts  are  much  smaller  than  the  others, 
boat-shaped,  and  forming  an  involucre  to  the  cyme  of 
pretty  blue  flowers.  The  species  is  Japanese,  and  not 
often  met  with. 

NOTOSPARTIUM   CARMICHAELIi^. 

is  a  pretty  and  interesting  shrub,  with  stems  like  those 
of  the  Spanish  Broom,  and  with  scale-like  leaves  only. 
From  the  sides  of  the  flattened  branches  issue  short 
racemes  of  pale  violet  pea-shaped  flowers.  It  is  a 
native  of  New  Zealand.     Messrs.  Veitch. 

Styrax  japonicum. 
A  shrub  with  slender  wiry  branches,  small 
thin  ovate  acute  leaves,  tapering  into  a  short 
stalk.  The  flowers  are  borne  on  the  shoots  of  the 
year,  and  have  Ions;  slender  pendulous  stalks.  The 
flowers  themselves  are  bell-shaped,  white,  five- 
petalled. 

Choisva  ternata, 

Mr.R. Greenfield,  at  p.  767,  makes  enquiries  respect- 
ing this  plant  which  he  had  noted  at  Kew  some  six 
years  ago.  Until  quite  recently  there  were  two  plants, 
which  would  correspond  to  what  he  mentions,  and 
as  he  did  not  specify  on  what  aspect  it  was  planted, 
nor  in  what  particular  part  of  the  garden  he  saw  if, 
one  could  not  be  certain  which  he  meant.  One 
enjoyed  the  protection  of  a  wall  on  the  southern 
aspect,  growing  and  flowering  freely  without  the 
slightest  protection  until  it  was  removed  recently 
owing  to  some  alterations  that  were  being  made. 
Another  plant  which  I  believe  had  been  planted 
about  the  same  date  occupies  an  eastern  aspect  on 
the  herbaceous  ground  wall,  where  it  produces 
annually  a  great  quantity  of  Orange-like  blossom  in 
many-Sowered  umbels.  About  three  years  ago  some 
large  branches  of  this  plant  suddenly  died  through 
some  unaccountable  cause,  as  frost  had  evidently 
nothing  to  do  with  it  ;  but  the  remainder  of  the  plant 
assumed  its  wonted  vigour,  and  to-day  it  covers  by  a 
rough  computation  an  area  of  60  square  feet,  or  10  in 
height  by  6  in  breadth.  It  sufters  no  systematic 
pruning,  and  the  leading  branches  only  are  nailed  to 
the  wall,  so  that  an  unbroken  surface  of  foliage  covers 
the  wall,  which  doubtless  assists  the  plant  in  severe 
weather.  The  power  ol  resisting  cold,  however,  pos- 
sessed by  this  plant  should  induce  gardeners  to  plant 
this  shrub  on  a  much  greater  scale  than  has  hitherto 
been  done  in  the  open  air.  A  figure  of  it  is  given 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicie,  vol.  xhi.,  n.s.,  18S0, 
p.  625.  J.  F. 


Statistics  of  Harvests  and  the  Meteor- 
ological Pheno.mena.  —  C.  P'errari  has  published 
in  the  Agricultural  Annals  for  1SS3  a  comparison  for 
Italy  between  the  statistics  of  harvests  and  the 
meteorological  phenomena.  He  deduces  a  number  of 
practical  rules,  such  as  the  more  rain  we  have  in 
summer  the  greater  the  harvest  of  corn  [Maize] ;  but  for 
Wheat,  Rye,  and  other  grains,  great  rain  frequency 
is  injurious,  and  the  harvest  is  greater  as  the  temper- 
ature is  higher  and  the  cloudiness  less. 


July  24,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


107 


REPORT    ON    THE    CONDITION    OF    THE    FRUIT    CROPS. 

[FROM    OUR    OWN    CORRESPONDENTS,    JULY,    1SS6.] 


COUNTY. 

APRICOTS. 

PEACHES 
PLUMS.        CHERRIES.'    and  NEC- 
TARINES. 

APPLES. 

,      PEARS. 

SMALL            STRAW- 
FRUITS.         BERRIES. 

NUTS. 

NAME 
ADDRESS. 

SCOTLAND. 

1 

1 

ABERDEEN    

Some  soit!^      Under  avem,e      Not  Erown 

Complete 

Same  as 

Rather    under      Average; 

Not  grown 

John    Forrest,  The  Gardens, 

olh(.Ts  under 
Average 

out-of-doors 

failure 

Apples 

average  ;  goot 

goo-l 

Haddo  House 

lliidcr 

Average 

Not  grown 
outside,  but 

Average 

Under 

Over 

Average 

Under 

R.  Farquhar,  Fyvie  Castle 

Victoria  good 

Scarce 

over  in  houses 

Scarce 

Fair  average 

Good 

James    F.    Smith,     Dunecht 

Gardens 
G.  Ta>lor,  The  Gardens,  In* 

ARGYLI 

Under 

Under 

Average ; 

None  grown 

Under; 

Under 

Average  ; 

Average 

eood 

outside 

bad 

good 

verarv  Ca-stle 

AYR 

Average;  good  Average;  gooc 

Under  aver- 

Under aver- 

Over average 

Average :  gooc 

William       Priest,       Eglinton 

age  :  bad 

age  :  bad 

very  good 

Gardens,    Irvine. 

B.^NFK 

Aboutaverage 
very  good 

Some  sorts              Under 
over,   others  a 

Rather  under ; 
good 

Total  failure, 
with  the  excep 

Very  light 
crop 

Average,  ex- 
cepting Goose- 

Average 

John  Webster,  Gordon  Castle 

Gardens 

little  under ; 

lion   of  two  or 

berries  :  rather 

good 

three  hardy 

under 

CAITHNESS   

Under  ;  Lad 

Under  ;    bad      Under  ;  pood 

Under ;    bad 

Under ;  bad 

Average ;  good 

Average  ;good 

John  Sutherland,    Langwel!, 

BerridaW 

CLACKMANNAN 

Under  average 

Good 

Good 

Under  average 

Under 

Under 

Abundant 

Extra  good 

Very  few 

Thomas  Ormiston.  The  Gar- 
dens. Alloa  Park 
Jas    Mitchell,  CamJs  Eskan, 

DUMDARTON    

Average 

Very  good 

Und.-r 

Under 

Very  good 

Under 

Helensburgh 

DUMFRIES 

Ave  race 

Under 

Under 

Failure 

Over  :  good 

Average ;  good 

James  Smart,  Raehills,  Lock- 

erbie 

EAST  LOTHIAN  

Avemge 

Under  average 

Average 

Average 

UnJ.rav.ras. 

Under  average 

Over  average  ; 
good 

Average ;  good 

Failure 

L.  Dow.  The  Gardens,  New- 
bylh,  Prestonkirk 

FORFAR    

Over  ave  age 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Over  average 

Average 

Jjmes     Mitchell,      Panmure 

Gardens,  Carnoustie 

Under 

Average  *, 
especially 

Average  ;    but 

not  much  c  ilti- 

vated     in     this 

district 

Ui.dcr 

Very  b:id 

Under 

Snrh   as 
Goose  be  tries 
and  Currants 
fairly  good 

Average 

"  Carse  ol    Go,\  rie  " 

0«r  average 

Over 

Average 

Average 

Ov--rav!raie 

Good  appear- 

M.   A.   Macdonald,   Bamac- 

KINROSS 

Average  ;  goDCJ 

Under  ;  good 

Over  average;.  Average  ;  gooc' 

Under  aver- 

Under;    bad 
Average  ;  vcrj 

Under ;    b.ad 
.\verage :  verj 

Under ;  good 
Full    iV  ia,e. 

Under  ;  good 
Average;  veij 

Under' kver- 

Jo"n"ForUine!  Bhir  Adam 

MIDLOTHIAN   

M     Dunn,    Dalkei  h    Palace 

very  good 

ige  ;  very  ^00 

good 

good 

very  good 

good 

3£e  :  gold 

Girden^ 

Under  aver- 

Under average!  Average  ;  gocd 

None  outside 

^veragi  ;  gore' 

Under  aver- 

Over average  : 

Under  aver- 

Charles  Johnston,  Dalhousie 

age  :  bad 

1 

age  :  gocd 

gnod 

f>ge  ;  good 

Castle  (.lardens,  Lasswsde 

MORAY 

Average 

Under         |         U^der 

Ui.der 

Scarcely  any 

Very  lew 

Average 

Very  good 

D^inald    Cunningham.    Dam- 

appearance 

away  Castle  Gaidei  s,  FiJres 

NAIRN  

Under 

Under                  U  .der 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Very  good 

Average 

James    M->nson,     Kilranncck 

Castle,  F  rt  George 

ORKNEY 

!  \m,.t^(,p-  ■  or,r,^ 

Average 

Uader 

Vvaragiigooe 

Over  average 

Average;  go  1 

r.  Macdonald.  Balf  ur  Castle 

0         c 

Gardens,  Ki'kwa'l 

PEEBLES 

Average  ;    late 
Under 

Under 

Over ;  very 
late 
Under 

Abund.ant 

Over ;  good 

Malcolm  Mclntyre,  The  Glen, 

Good 

Good 

Good 

Fair 

Innerleithen 
John  Robb,  Drummond  Castle 

Gardens 
Peter     W,     Fairgrieve,     The 

Gardens.  Dunkeld 

Bad  crop 

Good  :  above 
average 
Under 

Average 

Under  averag« 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Average 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Very  good 

Very  good 

John  McKiddie,  Gr.,  Rossie 

Priory,   Inchture. 
Thomas       Lunt,      Ardjiowan 

RENFREW 

Under  average 

Average ;  good 

Under  average 

Under  aver- 

Under .average 

Over  average  . 

Abundant  ; 

age:  bad 

very   good 

very   good 

Gardens. 

ROSS   

Average ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 

Under  ;  bad 

Under 

Under 

.Average ;  vcrj 
good 

Average  :  very 
good 

J.    McKay,  Tarb..t  Gardens, 

Parkhill. 

Under  average 

Under  average 

Under:   bad 

Under  average 

Und:r  aver- 
age ;  bad 

Under  aver- 
age :  b.ad 

Under  average 

Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 

D.  Harvey,  Invergordon 

ROXBURGH   

Under ;  good 
Average ;  good 

Under ;  good 
Under 

Average 
Under 

Under  ;  good 

Over  ;  good 
Under;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Un.^er 

John  Galloway.    Mint)   Gar- 

STIRLING     

Average ;  good 

Under ;  good 

Good  aver- 
age :  good 

Good  aver- 
age :  good 

dens,  Hawick 
Maurice  Fitzgerald.  Dunmorc 

Park,  StirUng 

Average 

Under 

Under 

Under  " 

Under 

Ov5r 

Over;  g>od 

J.  King,  BUir  Drummond 

SUTHERLAND 

Over:    gnod 

Average 

Under  ;   very 

Under 

Average 

Average 

Average 

D.  Melville,  Dunrobiu  Castle 
Garxlens 

WIGTON   

Average 

Over 

Under 

U..dcr 

Over 

Average 

\rcliihald  Fowler,  Castle  Ken- 

nedy, Stranraer 

ENG  LAN  D- 

NORTHERN 

COUNTIES. 

CUMBERLAND     

Over  on  walls 

Under 

Not  grown 

U.  der 

Under 

Fu'l  c  op 

Under;  fruit 

\.    Hammond.  Brayton,  Car- 

'      ' 

small 

lisle 

\VESTMORELAND.... 

Under ;  good 

Avtrage 

Under 

Under 

Average ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Bad 

William  A.  Miller,  Underley 
Gardens  KirkW  Lonsdale 

NORTHUMBERLAND 

Under  aver- 
age;  good 

Average  ; 
moderate   crop 

May  Duke 
and  Morello 

Under  average 

Scarre 

Light  crop 

Heavy  crop 

Under  average 

George       Harris,       Alnwick 
Castle 

Over ;  good 

Under :  good 

average 

Average  ;  very 

good 

Over  ;  good 

Under  :  good 

U,.d-r ;  bad 

Average ;  good 

Average :  very 
good 

Under 

D.wid  Inglis.  Howick   Hall, 
Lesbury 

DURHAM       

Under:   bad 

Average  ;  good   None  outside 

Under;   bad 

Under;   b.:d 

Average;  good 

Over  average : 

J.  Hunter,  Lambton  Castle 

Plenty 

Some,  more  or 

Of  all  kinds      Not  qrown  on 

Generally  a 

About  the  same 

Plenty  of  all 

very  good 
Early  varieties 

Wiih  me  a 

R.  Westcott,  Raby  Gardens, 

less,  on  all 

thin  crop 

open  walls 

ihin  crop. 

as  Apples 

kinds 

not  good,  Lite 

failure 

Darlington 

kinds :  Vic- 

here 

though  some 

kinds  yplendid 

toria  full  c  op ; 

kinds  plenty 

Damsons  very 
few 
Under 

YORK 

Under 

Good 

UnHer 

Under 

Bad 

Very  good 

Under 

Under 

f  homas  Jones,  Ribston  Gar- 

Average 

Under 

Average             Average 

Under 

Under 

Average 

Average 

Under 

dens,  Wetherby 
Robert    C,    Kingston,    Bran- 
tinghamlhorpe,        Brough, 

1 

East  Yorkshire 

Under 

Very  good               Good 

Good 

Bad 

Bad 

Good 

Good 

Joseph      Shiw,      Nunapple- 
ton.  BoItJn  Percy 

Average 

Over                 Average 

Average 

Under 

Average 

-    Over 

Over 

James  Batley,  The  Gardens, 
Wentworth   Castle,    Barns- 

Under  aver- 
age ;    but    not 
very  exten- 

Over   average  Under  average  Under  average 

Had 

Average 

Over     average  Average  onlow 
land  ;    much 

Not  much 
grown  in  this 

fames  Tindall,    Sprotbrough 
Hall  Gardens,  Doncaster 

dried  up  on 

district 

sively  grown  in 

high  land 

this  neighbour- 

hood 
Bad 

RIoJerate            Moderate 

Good 

Bad 

Bad 

Good                  Good 

Bad 

William   Culvervvell,    Thorpe 

Perrow,  Bedale 

LANCASHIRE    

Under  average 

Average 

.... 

Under  aver- 
age ;  good 

Under  average 

Average  ;  good  Over  average  ; 
good 

W.  B.  Upjohn,  Wor^ley  H  »U 
Gardens,  Manchester 

Over 

Over  ;    good 

Average  ;  good 

U..derj   bad 

Under;  bad 

Over  ;    good    Aveiaf;;  ;  good 

Walnuts    aver- 
age; very  small 

W.  P.  Koberts.Cuerden  H.d', 
Presto  a 

io8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  24,  1886, 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FRUIT  QKOV^— {Continued). 


APRICOTS.        PLUMS. 


CHERRIES. 


PEACHES 
AND  NEC- 
TARINES. 


APPLES.  PEARS. 


NAME 
ADDRESS. 


NORTHERN 
COUNTIES. 
LANCASHIRE   ..  ., 


MIDLAND 

counties; 
cheshire 


STAFFORDSHIRE , 


NORTHAMPION. 
BEDS 


Average  ;  good    Under  ;   bad      Over  ;    good 
....  Over;    good  .Average  ;  good 


None  grown  !   Partial    crop 
outside       ' 


laverage  ;    fruit 
healthy 


None  grown 
out-of-doors 
Under  average 


Under  ;  good 
Average ;  good 

Under 


imsonsVlei 
tiful 


Over  ;  our 
Plums  are 
looking  won- 
derfully well, 

from  blight 
Dver  average 

Average 

Average 


Average 


Morellos   good  N 


Average 


Under :  j 
good  crop,  but 
have  dropped 


Under  ; . 
Unde 


Under  ; 
Unde: 


Heavy  crop 


Under ;  more 
1  walls  than 
n  standards 


Early    variety 
good,   late     { 


Average 
Failure 


;   qualityl   Under  ;    not 
good  I     very   large 

I      generally      j 

Average;  Cur-  Average  ;   pro- 
rants  are  much  mise  to  do  well 
blighted  I 


1  Average  ;  \ 
Average 
Under 
Good 


Under  aver- 
age ;  good 

Under 

Average ;  good 

Under  ;  good 

Under 
Under  average 

Uiidi 
.verage;fair  'Q 


Much  over 
iverage  ;  good 
Over ;    good 

Over  ;  very 

Over 

Average 

Over  average 

Over 


ver  average ; 
1     very  good 
Under  ;  bad    Average  ;  good 


bad 


Under 
Undei 
Very  good 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Partial 

Average 

Bad 

Under ;  bad 

Under 

Under 

Very  much 

under  average; 


Ovi 


walls 


quantity 
Average 

Average  ;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Under 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Over 

Aveiage ;  very 

Average  ;  good 


Not  grown 

outside 

Average ;  good 


Not  grown 

plenty  in  ' 
Very  good 

Good 
Average;  goo 
Average  ;  good 

Under 
Average 


Average  ;good 
Under  average 
Below 

Average ;  good 
Undtr 
Under 
Light 


Average ;  good 

Average 

Bad 

Under 
Under 

Light 


Under 
Under  average 


Undi 


Under ;  good 

Good 

Very  good  ; 
dessert  kinds, 
also  cooking  ; 
Damsons    very 

Average ;  good 
good 


Un' 


Plentiful 

Abundant ; 

Good 

Average 


Average 

Average  ;  good 

Plentiful 

3ver ;  good 

Good 

Average 


Very  good 
I  Average  ;  good 

Under 
Under 
Partial 
Average 


Under 

Average 

Average 

Under 

Average ;  good 

Under  average 

Under;  very 

bad 
Under ;  good 

Under  average 

Under 

Under 
Under  ;  bac 

Under 
Under 
Plentiful 


Under 

Over    average 

Under;    f 

Under 

Under 

Under  average 

Average 

Average 

Under  ave 
age  ;  goo< 
Jnder  aver; 

Average ;  good 

Under ;  good 


Average 
Average  ;  very 

Under 

Plentiful 

Abundant 

Under  average 


Good 
Very  good 

Average :  vei 

Average 
Average  ;  very 

Plentiful 

Very  abundant 

Good 

Average ;  good 

Over  ;    good 

Average 
Over  average 

Average 

Over 

Average ;  goot 

Average ;  very 

Over ;  very 

good 
Over  ;  good 

Abundant 

Ver>'  good  ; 

Goo-eberries, 

Currants, 

Very  good 
Average ;  very 

Average 


;  Average ;  very 

Good 

Average;  very 

Average ;  gc 

Under 

Average  ;  good 

Very  good 

Under  average 

Very  good 

Average ;  good 

but  small 
Aveiage ;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Under 
Average 

Average 
Average ;  good 
average ; 
Average ;  good 


Undei 
Undf^i 


Alfred  Jos    Grant.  Withing- 

ton  Hall,  Chelford 
Robterl      Mackellar,     Abiiey 

Hall 

\Vm.  Whitaker,  Crewe  Hall. 


W.  Wibberley,  Oulton  Park. 

Tarporley 
;).       Thomas,       Chatsworth 

Gardens 
[.        Whirledge,       Staunton 

Harold,  Melbourne 

rhos.  Keetley,  Darley  Abbey 

Derby 
Richard        Carr,       Welbeck. 

Worksop 
).   A.  Woods,  The  Gardens, 

Osberton  Hall,  Worksop 
\.  Henderson,  Thoresby  Park, 


Very  good 


Ov 


Good 


Plentiful 


Abi 


Average ;  good 
Failur 


Under 

Under 

.  Under  avers 

Under 

Under ;  go^ 


Over 

Much  ov( 
average  ;  good 

I     Abundant 

Average 
Average ;  good 
i     Over ;  very 

Over ;  very 

good 

Over  average  ; 


Average ;  good 

Under 

Under 
Under  aver- 
age ;  good 


Average  ;  good 
Very  much 
nder  average ; 


Average ;  small 

Averagt 
Average  ;  g 
Average ;  small 


Average 

Average ;    fi; 
Average 


Over 

Under 
Under ;   ba 
Under 
Under 
Under 

:  Under  average  Under  average 
Under  Average 


Under  average 
Averagf 


Average 
Average ;  good 
Average  ;  good 


er  average 


Over ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Under 

Plentiful 

Under ;  bad 

Under 

Under;  good 
Average ;  good 
Average ;  good 
ige ;   not  very 

Under 

Under ;  ven 

bad 

Average 

Under       small 

Under ;  very  ! 

Average ;  ve  y 

Average 

Under 


Under 

Average 

Not  many 
grown 

Average 
Under 


Undei 
Undei 


Under 
Bad 


\verage  ;  good 
Average 

Average ; 

good ;  Walnuts 

much  under 

average 

Average  ; 
under 

Average 
Under 
Average 
Average 


M.  Gleeson,  Clumber  Park, 

Worksop 
A    S.  Kemp,  Haughton  Hall. 

Shifnal 
James   Louden,    The   Quinta 

Gardens,  Chirk 
Richard     Milner,     Sundorne 

Castle  Gardens,  Shrewsbury' 
Edmund  Bland,  Oteley  Park, 

Shrewsbury 
Henry  Purser,  The  Gardens, 

Berwick  House, Shrewsburj- 
Wm.      Davidson,       Sandon, 

rill  Simpson,  Wrottestey, 


Wolv 


W. 


nptoi 


Bennett, 


Burton -on-Trent 
George     Wythes,    Teddesley 

Park,  Penkridge 
N.      Ward,      Little       Aston 

Gardens.  Sutton  Coldfield 
John  Wallis,  Keele  Hall  Gar- 
dens, Newcastle 
5eo.  H.  Green,  The  Gardens, 

EnviUe  Hall 
Alfred         Hamshere,         The 

Gardens,  Beaumanor  Park, 

Loughborough 


Henry  Wood,  BosworthPark, 

Hinckley 
G.  C.  Maynard,  The  Gardens, 

Cole  Orton  Hall,  Ashby  de 

la  Zouch 
John       Grey,        Normanton, 

Stamford 
Henry  Mason,  The  Gardens, 

Bisbrook  Hall,  Uppingham 
Wm.    Miller,     Combe   Abbey 


Gardens 
i.     Greenfield, 
Gardens 


The    Priory 


Temple,     Packington 
Hall,  Coventry 
rhomas  Beddard,   Stoneleigh 


Ale: 


)rth 

D.    Chi 


Gardens,      Kenll- 
Warwick 


Castle 
J.     Trigger,      Milton     Park, 

Peterborough. 

dmund  Cole,  Ahhorp  Park 
Geo.       Ford,     Wrest      Park. 

Ampthill 


M.   Baillie,  Luton  Hoo 
rk,  Luton 

A.  McKay,  Woburn  Abbey 

Charles      Turner,      Cranfield 

Court,  Newport  Pagnell 
;.   Hewett,   Daylesford    Gar- 
dens, Chipping  Norton 

Thomas     Doherty,    Wroxton 
Gardens,  Banbury 

Henry    Downing,     Heythorp 
Park,  Chipping  Norton 

Thos.  Bailey,  Shardiloes  Gar- 
dens, Amersham 

Geo.  Thos.  Miles,  Wycombe 
Abbey  Gardens 


July  24,  1886.J 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


109 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FRUIT  CKOVS— {Continued.) 


APRICOTS.  1      PLUMS. 


MIDLAND 
COUNTIES. 

BUCKS   


Average        uver  average 
I      very  good 
Under  average!         Good 

Under  average  Average  crop 


Average  ;  good  Under  ;      gooc 
Under        t       Average 

Over  average 


Under  aver- 
age :  good 
Under;  good 


Average  ;  very 
Average ;  good 


Under  average  Over  average 
Under  average  Ovtr  average 


EASTERN 

COUNTIES. 
LINCOLN Undei 


verage. 


Average  crop, 
and  trees 
losing  many 
branches,  but 
look  healthier 
Failure 

Under 


Under 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Under 
Under ;   bad 
Under  averag* 
Under  average 

Under 

Under  average 

Under;  late 

Average ;  good 

Under 

Under 

Under 

Under  average 

Under ;  good 

Good  crop 
Under  ;  good 


SOUTHERN 
COUNTIES. 

BERKS 


PEACHES 

CHERRIES.,    AND  NEC-    ,     APPLES. 

'    TARINES. 


Under 
Average 


Under 

Good 

Under  average 

Average 

Over  average 

Over;  good 

Over  average  ; 

very  good 

Under 

Over ;  good 

Average 

Over  ;  good 

Under  average 

Over;  good 


Over  average 

very  good 

Good 


3ver ;    good 
Average 


Plentiful  : 
Average ;  good 
Average  Ismail 
Average  ;  very 


Under 
Under  average. 

Good 
Average 
Average 

Under 
Average 
Average ; 

Under;   bad 
Morellos  gcod 

Under  average 

Average 

Average 

Under 

Over  average 

very  good 

Over ;  very 

good 

Average ;  good 

Ov 


Average ;  good 

Bad 

Very  scarce 


Average 


Very  good  ; 
over  average 
Under;  good 

Average;  good 

Under  average 


Average  on 
others  under 


Average 
'  Under 


MIDDLESEX. 


'    Under 

Under 

Average 

Under ;  got 

Bad 
Under 


Average 
ver  average 


\  walls,  but  not 
I    so  heavy  as 
I       last  year 
Average  crop 
very  goud 


Ave  rag* 
good ;  Morellos 

Average 
Average ;  good 


Good  under 

glass 
Very  good 

Under  average 

Average ;  good 

Over  average 

■  Average  ;  good 

Over  average  ; 

very  good 

Over;  good 

Average ;  good 

Average 

Average ;    bad 

Average  ;  good 

Medium 
Under ;  good 

Average 
Under  avcr- 


Plentiful  and 

good  :  trees 

clean  ;  making 

good  wood 


Avera;e  crop 
'      very  good 


Under  average 
Under  average 
Under  average 


Under 

Under 

Much   undt; 
average 


The  worst  crop 
I  have  seen  fc 
twenty  year; 

Failure 

Much  undei 

Under 

Under  ;  .^lmo! 


Under 
Under 
Under 
Under 
Under;  l 
Bad 


Undci 


age  :  good 
Under;  good 

Under:  good 

Under 

Under  aver- 

age  :  bad 
Unaer ;  good 

Very  thin 

Under  ;  very 


Unr'er  average 
Avcragi 


Average 

^Average 

Under  average 


Under  aver 

age  ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Under  average 

Under  average 


and  black 

Currants    ove 

average  : 

plentiful 


very  good 
Gooseberries 
and  Currants 


Gooseberries 
.and  Currants  a 
'great  crop  and 


Average ;  good 
Under  ave 


Under ;     good 

Under 
Under  average 


Under  aver 

age  ;  good 

Under  average 


Un^er 
Over  average 


Under 
Average 

Under 

Under 

Under 
Under ;  good 

Under 
Under ;   bad 


Under 
Under  average 

Under 
Under  aver- 
age ;  good 

Under 

Average  ;  good 
Average 
Under 

age ;  bad 
Average  ;  good 

Good  crops 

Under;  few 


Average 
Over;  good 
Very  good 


Middling 

Average ;  vcij 
I      Average 

Average 
Under ;  good 

Average 

good 
L'^nder  ;  good 

Under 

Veiy  good 

Good  crops, 


Under 
Under  average 


A  n  average 
trees  very  ihni 


Average;  good  Average  ;  good   Under  ;  good     Under  ;  bad 


Average       !       Average 
Morellos  aver-        Average 
age  ;  good 


Average ;  good 

Average 

Over ;  good 
Average  ;  good 

Over ;  good 

Very  good 

Average  ;  good 

Average  ;good 

Average  ;  good 

Abundant 
Average  ;  very 


butv 


Moderate  Very  abund- 
crop  ;  trees  |  ant,  aud  of 
lean;  looking   good  quality; 


Under 

Average 

Over ;    good 

Over ;    good 


Average 
Very  good 


Under 

Average 

Over  :  good 

age ;  good 
Over ;  very 

Average  ;  very 
Average  ;  good 


Under 
Under  average 
Average  ;  good 

Under 


Under  a- 
ige ;     Walnuts 


Under 

Under 

Walnuts  3 
and  Filbei 
under  average 

Average 
Average ;  good 

Few 
Under  average 


NAME 
ADDRESS. 


Undei 
Undei 


Good 
Under  average 

Und  1 
Under  average 


Under 
Short  crop 
Cobs  and  Fil- 
Walnuts  aver 


J.  Smith,  Mcntmore,  Leigh- 
ton  Bmzard 

Philip  Frost,  Dropmore, 
Maidenhead 

William  Waters,  Bulstrode 
Park,  Gerrard's  Cross 


J.  Bone,  The  Latimcrs,  Ches- 

eorge      Norman,      Hatfield 
House  Gardens 
R.  Ruffctt,  Panshanger 


J.  C.  Mundell,  Moor  Park 
Gardens,  Kickmanswonh 

Joseph  Thompson,  Gorham- 
bury  Gardens,  St.  Albans 

lohn  Kipling,  Knebworth 
House,  Stevenage 

Charles  Kinns,  Brocket  Gar- 
■  ns,  VVelwyn 


Uavid     Lumsden,     Bloxham 

Hall 
George    B.    Tillyard,    Brock- 

l<:sby  Park 


Mr.    J.    Taylor,    Lee,    Gains- 

borough 
Thomas    Vinden,    Harlaxton 

Manor,  Grantham 
W.     Harris,     Blankney    Hall 

Gardens 
J.  Seth,  Grimsthorpe  Gardens, 

William      Ingram,     '  Belvoir 

Castle  Gardens.  Gramham 
H.    Batchelor,  Cation  Park. 

Norwich 
W.    Shingler,    Melton    Con- 
James      Forder,      Hillington 

Hall,  King's  Lynn 

Penney,       bandringham 

GarCens,  King's  Lynn 
F.   Lee,   Lynford   Hall   Gar- 

)     Real,    Shotcsham   Park. 
No- 


es    Sheppard,    Woolver- 

— jne,  Ipswich 
John    Wallis,    Orwell    Park, 

near  Ipswich 
Robert  bquibb,  Icltworth 
J.  Mill,   The   Gardens.  Ren- 

dlesham  Hall,  Woodbridge 
D.  T.  Fish,  Hardwicke,  Bury 

St.  Edmunds 

eo.    Eden,     Henham    Hall 

Gardens,  Wangford 
D.   Douald,    KnoU's    Greer. 

Le>ton 
William   Smith,    Birch    Hall, 

Birch,  near  Colchester 

^       Bowman,       Highlands, 

Chelmsford 
Jas.  Douglas,  Great  GearicF, 

Ilford 
William  Earley,  Ilfoid 


Under  average 

Dver :    good 

Average  ; 
;ood.      Wal- 

Bad 


Audley     End 


Henry  Lister,  Easton   Lodge, 

Dunmow 
C.  Butler,  Parndon  Hall  Gar- 
ns,  Harlow 


I.  Fenn,  Cottage  Farm,  Sul- 
hamslead  Abbitts,  Keading 
.    H.    Rose,    Lockinge  Gar- 

;eo.  Stanton,  Park  Place  Gar- 
dens, Henley-on-Thames 

Neil  Sinclair,  Easthampstead 

Park,  Wokingham 
Alex.  Dean,  Bedfont 

^    Barron,    Royal   Horti- 
Itural  Society,  Cliiswick' 


no 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  24,  1SS6. 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FRUIT  CROPS— (C^«//«7/^^. 


SOUTHERN 
COUNTIES. 
MIDDLESEX 


WILTSHIRE  .. 


DORSETSHIRE 


WESTERN 
COUNTIES. 
HEREFORD    


WORCESTER . 


GLOUCESTERSHIRE 


MONMOUTH. 
SOMERSET... 


Average 
Average 


Under  a; 
ige;  not  many 

grown 

Under 


Under 
Average 

Under  aver; 
Average;  good 

Average ;  good 
Scarce 
Ead 

Under 
Under  average 
Under  average 
Average ;  good 
Und:r  average 
Ead 

Under 


CHERRIES. 


Under  average        Average 
,ge  ;  good  Average  ;  good 
Under         Average ;  good 


Ave 


age;  . 


Under  average 
Average 
Under 
Averasc ; 


Over;  good 
Plentiful 

Average 

Average 

Over  average; 

ery  good 
Average ;  good 


Above  aver- 
age ;  good 
Moderate  crop 


Average  ;  over 
Average 

Over  average 
Average 
Average 

Average ;  good 


Over ;  good 
Average ;  good 


Under 

Average ;  j 

Under 

Average  ;  good 

Under :  good 

Average  un- 
der;  good 

Under  aver- 

age  :  good 

Under 

Under   aver- 
Under  average 


Average       I         Good 
Under  average    Overavera 
Over  ;  good    i    Over  ;  go( 
Bad  Good 

I 


Under 
Average  ;  good 


Good  average 
Average ;  good 


Uver  average 

good 
Average ;  good 


Most     ex- 
cellent 
Very  good 


Avenge ;  good 
Average ;  good 
er ;  good 

Average 
Average  ;  good 

Over 
Average ;  very 

Average  ;  very 

ver  average 

Average 

Average 

verage  ;  gooi 


Average 
Over ;  good 


Under  : 


Under 
Very  i 


Average ;  good 
Over  average 


ver  average 

good 

Average 


Under ;  bad 
Bad 


PEACHES 
AND  NEC- 
TARINES. 


Average ;  good 
Average ;  good 


Under 


Average 


ver    average  Under  average 

ver  average  ;  Un^er  average 

very  good     ' 
verage  ;  good  Average  ;  good 


age ;  good 
Under  aver- 
age;  good 

Under 

Under  aver- 
age ;  good 
Averagcearly 
orts,  late  kinds 

Under 


'         Und. 
Average  ;good  Ov 
Over  average 


Under  aver, 
age  ;  bad 
Average 


I  ver  average 
very  good 
Average 


Under 

Under 

Over  ;    good 

Average ;  good 


Over  average  ; 

very   good 

Under 


Under  average 

Under;  good 
Under  average 

'under  average 

Much  under 

Under  average 

Under  average 

Under  aver- 
age; good 
Under 

Average ;  good 

Much  under 

average 
Under  aver- 
pge  ;  good 
Under ;  bad 

Under ;  good  ' 

Under 

Average : 

Under  average  j 

Under  averaje| 

Under        I 

inder ;    scarce 
Average ;  good 


Under ;  bad 
Average :  very 

Average;  good' 
Over ;   good 


:ry  go  id 

Average ;  good 

Average  ;  good 

Over 


Under 
Average  ;  good 

Under 
Under ;  good 


rage  ;  Average  ;  good 
very  good     | 
Ave  age  ;  good  Over  avc  age  ; 
very  good 


Ov. 


Much 
Under' 


age  :  good 
Under  average 

Under  aver- 
age ;  good 
Over  ;  good 

Over  ;  good 

Average ; 

Average 

Over 
Average 

Under  average 


Average ;  good 
Gooseber 


good 
ver  average 


Very  g  od 
Average ;  goo 


Good  and 
Average  :  good 


Under ;  good 

Under  aver- 
age ;  small 
Under 


sequence 
dry   weatl 


Average 
Under;   bad 

Under;    bad 

Under  averag, 

Under  average 

Under 

Very  good 

Average  ;  good 

Under  aver- 
age; small 
'Under 

Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 
Dried  out  ; 


Ave 


Under ;     good 
Average  ;  good 

Over  ;  very 
Average  ;  good 


try  good 


:ragc  ;  good 


-erage    Under  avet 
erage        Average 


NAME 
ADDRESS. 


Under  av( 

Uiide. 


John  Woodbridge,  Syon  Gar- 
dens, Brentford 
:  William  Bates,  The  Gardens. 
Poulctt  Lodge.'I  wickenham 
Wm.  Denning,  Londesborough 
Oge  Gardens,    Kingston- 


i-Tha 


Lylhe  Hill,  Hasle. 
drldgf 


Under  avir-    John       Tanner, 
age  ;  good     i     Court.  Godstnnc 
Unieraver-    Jamci    Gold,    High    Ashu: 
age  ;  bad      |     Dorking 

Under  Thos.        Sillence,       Nonsi 

Park,  Cheam 
Under  average  R.   Gray,  Chevening,  Sev 

Under 


Bad 
Averagi 


F.  Deu.\berry,  Cobliam  Hall, 

Gravesend 
John  Charlton,  Summer  Vale 

Nursery,  Tunbridgc  Wells 


Under  average'Charles     Haycock,     Barham 
Court,  MaiJ=t.inc 
Under  G.      A.       Don,      Bedgebury, 


fruil 


Under 
Under  ;  bad 

under 
Under  average 

Average  ■  good 

Average 

Average ; 

under 

Over  ;  good 

Under  average 


Under 
Average  ;  good 
Average  ;  verj- 

Under 

Average 

Average  ;  very 

small 
Average  ;  good 

Average  ;  good 


Overavcrag. 

Averag' 

Und  r 

Very  good 

Under  ave  ag 

Under  averag 

Average  ;  gooi 


Average  ;  very 
good 
Under 


Under  aver; 


Fair  prospect 


Very  good, 
pecially  Goose- 

I     Very  good 

Over  average 

A  good  crop 


Average 
Under  average 


Average 


L''nder  average   Over  average  Over  average  ;    UndL_   _.  _. 
I  good  1     age ;  good 

Under  ;  good  Average  ;  good     Over  ;  very    'Average;  small 

Bad  '      Average  Good  Bad 


Average ;  good 
Average  ;     un- 


C.  Maxted,  Kearsney  Abbey, 
Jo.eph  Rust,  Eridge  Castle 
B.     Coombe,    Wislon    P  rk, 

F.       Rutland,       Goodwood, 

Chichester 
Sidney    Ford.  The  Garde  s, 

Lconardslee,  Horsham 
John  Halsey,  Cowdray  Park, 


worth  Garde 

Thomas  Porinell,  The  Gar- 
dens, Beauport,  Battle 

\Vm.  Smythe,  The  Gardens, 
Basing,  Alton 

P.  H.  Edwards.  Fowley  Gar- 
dens, Liphook 

W.  Wddsmith,  The  Gardens, 
Hcckfield  Place,  Winchfield 

F.  Thlrlby,  The  Gardens, 
Broadlands,  Romsey 

Thomas  D.  Myles,  Appley 
Towers,  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight 

Wdliam  Phipps,  Bowood, 
Calne 

J.  Horsefield,  Heytesbury 

Thomas  Kinj,  Devizes  Castle 

J  H.      W.      Ward,      Longford 
Castle,  Salisbury 
W.    Pratt,  Longteat  Gardens, 

William  P.  Leach.  Bryanston 
Garden-,  Blandford 

James  Beck.  Critchill  Gar- 
I     dens,  Wimborne 

David  Wiliams,  The  Gar- 
I     dens,  Canford  Manor 


j  W.  Nash,  Brj  ngwyn 

ij.  Chinnery,   Downton  Castle 

I     Gardens,  Ludl  >w 

W.  Coleman,  Eastnor  Castl-;, 
Ledbiiry 

Kenneth  McKcnzie,  Allens- 
'     more  Court 

.Arthur  Ward,  The  Gardens, 
'     Stoke  Edith  Pa  k 

iChas.  Denning,  Holme  Lacy 

Gardens 
Walter  Child.  Croome  Court, 
I     Severn  Stoke 
William  Crump,  Madrcsfield 

Court,  Malvern 
-  John    Austen,    Witley    Court 

Gardens 

Alexander  Scott, The  Gardens, 
'     Sherborne  Park,  Northleach 

A.  Chapman,  Weston-Birt 
I     Gardens 

John  So-.vray,  Highean  Court 

ay,    Dodington 


Partial;  the 
cold  winds  in 
May  and  June 
bit  them  off 

Under 

Under  average 
Blighted 


Wilham  Kallett,  Cossineton 
House  Farm 

W.  Igguldcn,  Marston  Gar- 
dens, Frome 

John  Chalmers,  Orchardleigh 
Gardens.  Frome 


July  24,  :S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


Ill 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FRUIT  CKOVS— {Continued), 


WESTERN 

COUNTIES. 

DEVON 


CORNWALL 


WALES. 

CARMARTHEN 


GLAMORGANSHIRE 
MERIONETHSHIRE. 

MONTGOMERY   

PEMBROKE    


a^e  ;  good 
Not  many     j 
grow 


Uodci 

Undei 
Undci 


IRELAND.  I 

ARMAGH Under  average 

BELFAST     


CLARE  . 


DOWN    

DUBLIN    

KILKENNY     .... 
WESTMEATH    .. 

CHANNEL 

ISLANDS. 

GUERNSEY    .... 

JERSEY 

ISLE  OF  SCILLY 


PLUMS.      CHERRIES. 


Average ;  good 
Over ;  goo  3 

Over  average 

Over;  good 

Under  averas* 

Under  averjge 

Under 

Average ;  good 

Above  average 

Under 

Under  on 

standards. 

Damsons 

heavy  crop 

Averagt 

Average ;  goo  3 

Under 


Under  ;  bad 

Under 

Average  ;  good 


Average 

Under  ;  bad 

Average 


Ear'y  Cher- 
ries, average 
good  ;  Morel 
los,  most  of  the 
fruit  dropped 
at  stoning 
Plentiful 


Average  ;  good 
Averagt 

Average  of  all 
sorts:  Morell 
heavy  crop  i 

Ave -age 
Under 


Under  average 
.Average  ;  very 


Under 
Average ;  good 
Average  ;good 
Average  ;  good 


PEACHES 

AND  NEC-    i     APPLES. 

TARINES.    , 


Under  ;  good  'Average  ;  good 


Average;   late  Under  nv( 
Over  ;  good  ;  I        Undei 


No 

Over  average 

Under;    smal 

Full  average 

Average 


Under  aver- 
age ;  good 
Average  ;  g  3cd 


Under 
Under 
Average 


Average  ;good        Av 
Under  ;  good  ;  Unde: 


Under  average 

Under ;  good 

Und  r 

Under 


Average  ,  som( 
s  heavily 
laden 


Under 
Average  ;  good 

Under 
Under  average 


Und=r  averjge 

Average 
Under ;  go  d 

Over  average 
Under  ;  good 

Under 

Under 

Under 


Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 
Average 

Under 

Average ;  wall 


age  ;  good 
first,  but 
red    much 
1  drought 


Abundant 
Average 


Over  average 

Over ;  good 

Abundant  and 

Over  average  ; 
very   good 
Very  good 

Average  ;  good 

Very  good 

Average 

Heavy  crops 
of  Currants, 

Raspberries  ; 

Gooseberries, 

Good  ;  .-werage 

Over  average 

Over 


Undei 


Average 

Under 

Average  ;  good 

Under ;  bad 


Currants  abun- 
dant, Go< 

I  I    Raspberr 

vera ge  Under  average  Average  ;  good| 


drought 

ver  average 
good,  but 

Average 
good 


Good  ;  average 

Over  average 

very  good 

Over 

Average ;  good 
Average  ;  very 

Average 
Average 


Under  ;  bad    I    Under ;  bad  '  Average  ;  good '  Avera; 

Under        1  Much  under  I  Average  ;  good  Average  ;  good 
Under         Average ;  good  Good  Good 


Over         j         Over  Average  ;  good i Average  ; 

Average  ;  pro-  Average  ;   pro-' Average ;  good  Average  ; 
mise  well      ,       mise  well      I  j 

Under  aver-    |  Average  ;  good     Above  a 

age;  good     [Average  ;  good  I  age  ;  very 


Average ;  good 

Under  average 

Under;  bad 

Few  grown 

Under 


Walnuts 
failure,    Fil- 
berts and  Cobf 
very  poor 


Averagt 
Average  ;  good 


NAME 
ADDRESS. 


George     Baker,     Membland, 
Plympton 

Fred.   Jackson,    Ricton    Gar- 
dens, Budleigh  Saltcrton 
,    J.    Barnes,  The  Gardens, 
Stoodleigh  Court,  Tiverton 

James   Enstone,  Wear,   near 

Exeter 
Charles  Lee,  Boconnoc,  Lost* 

withiel 
ames  Murton,   Pencalcnick, 

Truro 
George  Knox,  Port  Eliot 


.   Ballard,   Glenusk,   Crick- 

howell 
Lewis    Bowen,     Edwinsfoid, 

Llandilo 
Allan   Calder,  Vaynol    Park, 

Bangor 
P.  Middleton,  The  Gardens! 

Wynnslay,  Rhuabon 


Jas.    Muir,    Marram    Park, 

Port  Talbot 
J.    Bennett,    Rhug   Gardens, 

Corwen 
William   Lee.    Powis    Castle 

Gardens.  Welshpool 


Geo.  Porteous,  Garron  Towe 


Jas.      Taylor,    Mountstewart 

Gardens,  Newtownards 
J.  Ellam,  Brcnanstown  House 

Gardens 
William      Gray.     Woodstock 

Park,  Innistioge 
John     Igoe,     Garden    Vale, 

Athlonc 


THE  CARNATION  GROUND  AT  MESSRS.  J.  VEITCH   AND   SONS. 


Cold  days  and  colder  nights  in  early  summer, 
and  the  general  unfavourable  climatic  conditions 
of  the  present  season,  hindered  the  proper  deve- 
lopment of  most  varieties  of  Carnations  and  Picotees, 
the  "grass"  being  anything  but  abundant,  and 
the  flowering  season  nearly  a  fortnight  later  than 
usual.  London  air  prevents,  in  the  most  favour- 
able years,  any  attempts  at  the  culture  of  many 
flowers,  both  those  strictly  of  the  florists'  type  as 
well  as  others  equally  desirable  ;  but  the  Carna- 
tion, the  Pink,  and  the  Picotee  are  all  in  about 
an  equal  degree  proof  against  its  malignity,  as 
is  proved  by  many  a  pot-grown  flower  on  window- 
sills  in  the  densest  parts  of  town,  and  by  the 
really  fine  show  made  with  the  Clove  Carnation 
and  others  in  the  Embankment  gardens,  near 
Charing  Cross. 

But  to  return  to  our  Chelsea  flowers.  Here  space 
is  not  so  confined  with  houses,  and  factories  are  a 
good  way  off.  Some  fine  varieties  were  found  in 
bloom  or  coming  into  bloom,  which  many  a  gardener 
in  country  places  would  highly  prize  in  his  borders. 
These  are  nearly  all  "border"  flowers  that  we  find 
here,  and  are  mostly  such  as  are  good  doers,  as  under- 


stood by  the  cralt ;  not  but  that  most  of  the  show 
varieties— which  by  the  way  are  not  grown  at  Chelsea 
— will  grow  and  flower  in  the  open  border  under  good 
treatment.  Of  sorts  excellent  for  beds  where  plants 
are  liked  that  do  not  reach  a  great  height  may  be 
mentioned  C.  The  Bride  (Hodges),  a  fine  bold 
regular  flower,  pure  white,  grows  well  and  lasts 
long  in  flower ;  C.  Burnett,  nearly  new,  of  a  cerise 
colour,  with  abundant  grass  and  bloom,  and  of  a 
dwarf  stocky  habit ;  C.  W.  P.  Milner  is  another 
fine  bedder,  reaching  to  a  height  of  20  inches, 
the  flowers  being  white  and  very  full  in  form  ; 
C.  Royal  Purple  is  also  fine  for  beds  ;  it  has  abund- 
ant foliage,  is  robust  in  constitution,  and  is  of  a 
pleasing  shade  of  colour;  in  bedders  nothing  can 
excel  C.  Magnum  Bonum  for  compactness  of  growth, 
abundance  of  bloom  and  colour,  which  is  a  brilliant 
scarlet.  Newer,  and  slightly  taller  growers  are  C. 
Brilliant  (new),  an  abundant  flowerer,  of  a  purplish- 
cerise  tint  ;  C.  Celia,  a  lovely  pink  Sower,  tolerably 
well  known,  a  tall  and  strong  grower  ;  C.  Florence, 
a  buff-coloured  self,  the  bloom  full  and  large  ;  C. 
Earl  of  Wilton,  a  good  crimson  flake ;  C.  Ajax,  a 
purple  flake  ;  C.  Masterpiece  (new),  a  rich  crimson 


self,  of  very  fine  quality ;  C.  Walter  Ware,  a  fancy 
variety,  buff  ground,  with  scarlet  stripes  ;  C.  General 
Stewart,  a  very  dark  crimson  self,  carrying  abundance 
of  bloom  ;  C.  Earl  of  Beaconsfield,  a  dark  shade  of 
the  same  colour,  with  still  darker  stripes,  a 
splendid  flower ;  C.  Countess  of  Ellesmere,  a  fancy, 
spotted  minutely  with  crimson  on  a  pale  pink 
ground  ;  this  is  an  old  but  very  pretty  variety. 
C.  Beauty  of  Whitby  is  a  fine  scarlet  flower,  ex- 
cellent in  all  points  as  a  border  kind  ;  as  are  also 
C.  Dora  Williamson,  white  j  C.  Beauty  of  Boston, 
deep  rose^one  of  the  best  of  that  colour ;  C.  Brigadier, 
a  scarlet  flower,  of  a  medium  size  and  dwarfish  habit ; 
and  C.  Queen  of  Roses. 

The  Picotees  were  coming  into  bloom  in  large 
numbers,  both  old  and  new  kinds.  Two  of  the 
finest  were  observed  in  P.  grandiflora,  a  heavily 
barred  flower  ;  and  P.  Goldfinder,  a  medium  grower, 
the  flower  having  a  yellow  ground. 

Pink  Rose  Perfection  is  a  late  flowerer,  a  robust 
grower,  and  is  a  true  Pink,  being  a  sport  from  one  of 
the  laced  varieties  ;  as  an  edging  Pink  this  would  be 
excellent.  Pink  Abbotsfordiana,  a  purple-rose,  is 
likewise  a  meritorious  variety.  M, 


112 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  24,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

f  Royal  Horticultural  Society:  Meeting  of 
tfie  Fruit  and  Floral  Committee,  at 
It  A.M.  :  Scientific  Committee,  at  i  P.M. 

1  Show  of  the  National  Carnation  and  Pico- 
tee  Society  (Southern  Section). 
Sale  of  Imported  Orchids  brought  home  by 
Mr.  E.  Wallace,  of  Colchester,  at  Stevens' 

Sale  of  Flowering  Orchids,  at  Prothcroe  & 


Thursday,     July  29  J  ^Xi'"  liofiiculturalSociety's  Show  at  Sails- 

'      J     '     -^  ^      bury  (two  days). 
Friday.  IuIv  m  J  S^*''  "''  '  '.'cbids,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander, 


Show  (and  on  Monday,  August  2). 


THE  reports  which  we  are  enabled,  by  the 
courtesy  of  our  correspondents,  to  give  in 
this  issue  as  to  the  general  state  of  the  Fruit 
Crops  in  Great  Britain,  are,  if  not  entirely 
satisfactory,  at  least  of  much  interest.  It  must 
be  borne  in  mind  that  they  are  supplied  from 
all  partsof  the  country  by  experienced  observers, 
who  have  for  the  most  part  been  in  the  habit 
of  supplying  this  kind  of  information  for  several 
years,  from  the  saine  localities  all  over  the 
country ;  and  if  they  cannot  be  relied  on  to 
afford  mathematically  exact  evidence  they  at 
least  give  a  thoroughly  impartial  general  state- 
ment. The  evidence  applies  to  some  crops  that 
are  past,  and  to  others  that  are  as  yet  prospective. 
They  are  of  interest,  especially  if  compared 
with  similar  evidence  for  the  last  quarter  of  a 
century,  as  affording  some  criterion  as  to  the 
probable  value  of  fruit-growing  as  one  remedy 
for  the  depression  in  agriculture  ;  and  they 
must  also  be  considered  from  this  point  of  view 
with  the  details  obtained  from  a  study  of  the 
exhibits  from  week  to  week  at  the  Colonial 
Exhibition  from  our  several  colonies,  and  more 
especially  from  the  territories  of  Canada  and 
the  United  States.  Looked  at  from  these  points 
of  view  we  cannot  say  the  record  is  reassuring 
for  the  home-grower.  Fruit  culture  in  this 
country  is  as  uncertain  as  are  the  Wheat  crops, 
and,  when  all  things  are  considered,  from  much 
the  same  general  causes. 

The  fruit  crops  generally  this  year  may  be 
written  off  as  a  failure,  but  the  excep- 
tion— small  fruits — is  significant.  Small  fruits 
come  in  early  ;  they  defy  foreign  com- 
petition in  the  matter  of  carriage,  and  even 
Strawberries,  which  travel  as  badly  as  things  of 
that  kind  can  travel,  have  probably  yielded  a 
profit,  even  though  the  aggregate  crop,  as 
appears  from  our  reports,  has  been  deficient. 
Our  Apple  crop,  which,  on  the  whole,  is  the 
most  commercially  important,  is  under  average, 
while  our  American  and  Canadian  advices  seem 
to  show  that  in  those  countries  the  crop  will  be 
a  fair  average.  We  know  what  this  means. 
In  a  few  months  thousands  upon  thousands  of 
barrels  will  pour  into  our  markets  from  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic,  while  the  experience 
of  the  last  few  years,  and  the  indications  of 
the  Colonial  Market  at  South  Kensington  go 
to  show  that  from  such  far-off  localities  as  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  the  southernmost  Aus- 
tralian colonies  fruit  of  excellent  quality  may  be 
expected  to  arrive  in  first-rate  condition  at 
seasons  when  our  own  fruit  crops  are  exhausted, 
or  nearly  so. 

Even  in  regard  to  tropical  fruits,  which  formed 
the  subject  of  an  address  by  Mr.  Morris,  the 
newly  appointed  Assistant  Director  at  Kew — 
of  which  a  report  is  given  in  another  page — and 
which  hitherto  we  have  not  taken  much  into  con- 
sideration, the  prospects  for  the  home-grower 
are  not  brilliant.  West  Indian  Pines,  as  it  is, 
have  to  a  large  extent  brought  about  the  aboli- 
tion of  Pine  growing  in  this  country,  and  we 
see  no  reason  to  doubt  that  if  some  of  the 
colonies  take  the  matter  up  they  may  prove  as 
formidable  rivals  in  Grape  culture  as  they 
have  done  in  the  case  of  Pines.  Even  in  the 
instance  of  soft  tropical  fruits — the  Mangos,  the 
Bananas,  the  Guavas,  the  Mangosteens,  perhaps 


even  the  Durians — we  see  no  reason  to  doubt 
that  in  the  future  quick  transit  and  the  use  of 
refrigerating  chambers  on  board  ship,  will 
enable  our  colonial  friends  to  supply  the  market 
at  profitable  rates  with  fruits  which  at  present 
we  only  know  by  hearsay.  Of  course  this  will 
be  a  public  benefit,  but  whether  the  home  fruit- 
grower will  look  at  the  prospect  in  this  light  is 
another  matter.  At  any  rate,  we  think  that 
the  circumstances  go  to  support  our  contention, 
frequently  expressed,  that  it  would  be  unwise 
for  the  agriculturists  to  trust  to  fruit  culture 
alone  to  remedy  the  depression  under  which 
they  are  suffering.  At  any  rate,  they  should 
not  put  their  trust  exclusively  in  Apples,  still 
less  in  Pears.  If  money  is  to  be  made  it  must 
be  in  the  culture  of  soft  fruits  within  easy  reach 
of  the  markets  of  populous  centres,  and  it  must 
be  combined  with  other  crops,  such  as  popular 
fiowers  and  vegetables.  Those  who  are  grow- 
ing for  commercial  purposes  must  take  special 
heed  that  they  put  not  all  their  eggs  in  the 
same  basket,  and  small  growers  will  do  well  to 
develope  local  trade  in  their  own  neighbourhood 
rather  than  flood  the  great  markets.  It  is  very 
anomalous  that  in  country  places  the  casual 
visitor,  and  presumably  the  native,  finds  a 
difficulty  in  getting  country  products — milk, 
butter,  fruit.  Go  to  a  country  hostelry,  and  see 
what  is  put  before  you. 

The  general  results  to  be  gleaned  from  our 
tabular  statement,  which  we  shall  supplement 
next  week  with  many  interesting  details,  for 
which  we  cannot  find  space  this,  is  that  Apri- 
cots have  been  decidetily  under  average,  that 
Plums  are  likely  to  furnish  a  good  crop  of  fine 
quality  ;  that  Cherries  have  been  very  variable 
and  generally  good  in  the  South.  To  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  the  same  remarks  apply ; 
Apples,  commercially  the  most  important,  on  the 
whole  are  a  failure  ;  Pears  hardly  less  so,  though 
fair  in  the  home  and  southern  counties. 
Small  fruits  (Gooseberries,  Currants,  &c.)  have 
yielded  a  good  general  average,  above  rather 
than  below  the  standard.  Strawberries  have 
been  generally  deficient  alike  in  quantity  and 
in  quality — better  perhaps  in  the  North  than 
in  the  South,  but  still  generally  bad.  Lastly 
Nuts,  including  Walnuts  and  Filberts,  are 
reported  generally  as  deficient.  Allowing  for 
exceptional  cases,  we  cannot  see  much  reason 
for  congratulation  in  the  report  of  the  fruit 
crops  for  1886.  On  the  Potato  crop  we  shall 
report  in  a  subsequent  issue. 


The  Prospects  of  the  Year,  when  judged 

by  the  splendid  promise  of  the  bloom  on  Apples, 
Pears,  and  Plums,  were  so  good  that,  barring  the 
damage  effected  by  frost  during  the  bloomiDg  period, 
we  should  have  witnessed  the  most  prolific  year  on 
record.  But  there  were  two  separate  agencies  at 
work  against  this  wished-for  consummation,  viz.,  the 
physical  inability  of  the  trees  to  carry  an  abundant 
crop,  owing  to  the  exhaustion  following  on  the  fine 
crops  of  the  previous  year ;  the  other  the  inclement 
weather  in  April  and  May.  Continued  low  tem- 
perature, accompanied  by  more  than  the  usual  amount 
of  north  and  north-eastetly  winds,  wrought  much 
havoc,  especially  in  the  early  districts,  where  trees 
come  into  flower  early.  The  crops  of  the  year, 
par  excellence^  are  Plums  of  all  kinds ;  Cherries, 
Cun-ants,  excepting  black  sorts,  which  are  gene- 
rally thin  on  bushes ;  Gooseberries  and  Raspberries. 
Strawberries  cannot  be  regarded  as  a  firsl-iate 
crop.  In  Kent  we  find  the  Cherry  crop  stated  to  be 
especially  good,  and  as  the  county  is  noted  for  these 
fruits,  this  means  money  to  the  grower.  Damsons  and 
Plums  in  this  county,  and  generally,  are  likewise  abun- 
dant ;  wall  fruit  and  nuts  are  not  plentiful ;  Apples  and 
Pears  are  scarcely  found  anywhere  in  abundance  in 
southern  shires,  with  the  exception  of  parts  of  highly 
favoured  Devonshire  and  Worcestershire.  The  Mid- 
lands have  been  more  favoured  than  other  parts  in  the 
same  latitude,  as  the  fruit  crops  of  all  kinds  are  stated  to 
be  the  finest  known  for  several  years,  and  the  fruit  trees 
very  clear  of  insects.  In  the  Eastern  Counties  much 
of  the  blossom  dropped  off  Strawberries,  orchard  fruit. 


&c,,  so  that  whole  rows  of  prolific  varieties  of  the 
former  have  no  fruit  on  them,  and  the  Apple,  Pear, 
and  Plum  crop  will  be  a  very  light  one  ;  and  on  the 
same  coast,  but  further  north,  the  orchard  crops  are 
rather  worse.  The  rainfall  over  the  whole  of  England, 
and  especially  in  the  counties  bordering  on  the  North 
.Sea,  has  been  much  below  the  yearly  average — a  cir- 
cumstance that  has  worked  detriment  to  the  fruit  crops 
in  those  parts,  being  the  cause,  together  with  the 
starving  effects  of  long-continued  cold,  of  the  loss  of 
much  of  the  blossom.  The  farther  we  go  north  or 
west,  the  worse  become  the  crops  of  Pears  and 
Apples,  although  in  some  western  Plum  and  Damson 
districts  good  crops  of  these  fruits  are  found.  The 
wall  fruits  in  these  parts  are  also  generally  thin.  The 
small  fruits  in  Northumberland  and  Durham  are  said 
to  be  excellent,  and  Peaches  and  Apricots  are  abun- 
dant, but  we  suspect  that  is  where  there  is  the  great 
advantage  of  heated  walls.  Scotland  can  boast  of  a 
heavy  crop  of  small  fruit ;  and  in  the  milder  parts,  some 
of  the  finest  sorts  of  Apples  and  Peats  have  done  well, 
and  Plums  in  orchards  and  on  walls  are  a  good  crop. 
Over  the  country  generally,  there  are,  however, 
lamentations  about  the  poorness  of  the  fruit  crops. 
In  Ireland  the  crops  of  large  fruit  are  thin,  some 
kinds  of  Plums  only  being  abundant.  We  may  hope 
in  the  interest  of  the  growers  of  market  fruit,  that  in 
the  absence  of  large  crops,  the  quality  will  be  so 
good  that  enhanced  prices  will  recoup  them  for  their 
loss.  And  in  the  greater  interest  of  the  consumer,  we 
may  be  allowed  to  hope  for  large  consignments  of 
those  splendid  varieties  of  Apples,  Pears,  &c.,  now 
to  be  seen  in  the  Australian  Court  of  the  Colonial 
Exhibition,  and  which  we  are  assured  can  be  brought 
from  that  distant  colony  with  success,  and  at  a 
season,  when  our  own  supplies  are  naturally  coming 
to  an  end. 

The  Phylloxera  in  Algeria, — We  have 

received  the  following  official  notice  from  the  Foreign 
Office,  based  upon  a  communication  from  Sir  Lam- 
bert Playfair,  the  Consul-Genetal  at  Algiers  : — 

"  In  my  late  report  of  a  journey  taken  in  the  western 
parts  of  Algeria  I  alluded  to  the  subject  of  the  Phylloxera, 
which  had  appeared  at  TIemfen,  and  to  the  measures 
adopted  for  stamping  it  out. 

"  I  regret  to  report  that  it  has  appeared  in  the  east, 
also  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Philippeville  in  three  sepa- 
rate localities,  although  at  no  great  distance  from  each 
other.— I  have,  &c.,      (Signed)     "  R.  L.  Playfair." 

"  The  Earl  of  Roseberv." 

Bee   Manual:     "Les    Abeilles."     Ey 

Victor  Rendu.  (Paris  :  Hachettk  &  Co.)— 
This  is  a  useful  little  book  of  in  pages  and  seventeen 
engravings.  The  text  is  everything  that  could  be 
desired.  The  book  is  approved  by  the  Society  pour 
I'Instruction  ^lementaire.  The  plates,  especially 
those  of  the  bees,  are  not  quite  up  to  those  of  many 
other  works  on  the  same  subject  and  in  the  same 
language.  The  book  will  no  doubt  [sell  well,  as  it 
has  in  a  short  space  of  time  passed  into  the  third 
edition, 

"  COMPENDIO   DELLA  FLORA  ItALIANA." — 

This  useful  publication,  directed  by  Professor  Gibelli, 
is  now  completed,  so  far  as  the  text  goes,  by  the 
issue  of  the  general  index.  Ninety-nine  quarto  plates, 
each  with  analytical  details,  render  this  one  of  the 
most  serviceable  works  of  the  kind.  The  length  of 
time  involved  in  its  publication,  though  inevitable 
under  the  circumstances,  is  the  greatest  drawback  to 
the  book. 

"The  Botanical  Magazine."— The  July 

number  contains  figures  and  descriptions  of  the 
following  plants  : — 

Myrmocodia  Beccarii,  t.  6883. — A  most  extraor- 
dinary plant.  One  of  many  specially  studied  by 
Signor  Beccari,  and  remarkable  for  the  huge  spinous 
tubers  developed  on  the  stems,  and  which  are  chan- 
nelled in  all  directions  by  ants,  which  form  their  nests 
in  these  tunnels,  the  plants  themselves  not  being 
specially  injured,  but  flourishing  in  spite  of  the  dis- 
turbance of  its  interior  economy.  The  plant  in 
question  was  imported  by  Messrs.  Veitch  from  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  was  by  them  presented  to 
the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  where  it  is  treated  as  a 
stove  epiphyte. 

Aristolochia  longifolia-y  t.  6884. — A  native  of  Hong 
Kong,  with  a  short  thick  stem,  from  which  proceed 
slender  climbing  stems,  with  short-stalked  long  lanceo* 


July  24,  1886.  j 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


113 


Fig,  22,— carpenteria  californica  :   flowers  white,  fragrant,    (see  p.  115.; 


late  leaves,  downy  on  the  under  surface.  The 
flowers  are  borne  on  short  stalks,  tubular,  bent 
abruptly  in  the  middle,  the  limb  expanded,  oblique, 
two-lobed,  purplish-brown. 

Galtonia  clavala,  t.  6885. — It  is  satisfactory  to  see 
a  third  species  of  this  genus  which  differs  so  remark- 
ably in  habit  from  Hyacinthus,  and  which  is  yet 
structurally  so  close  to  it.  The  flowers  are  long, 
tabular,  and  green,  so  that  though  botanically  interest- 
ing, it  is  by  no  means  so  desirable  a  plant  for  gardens 


as  the  two  previously  described  species,  G.  candicans 
and  G.  princeps. 

Pleurolhallis  Barberiana,  t.  6886. — A  pretty  little 
species,  not  likely  to  find  favour  with  orchidists  just  at 
present. 

Tttlipa  Kaufmanniana,  t.  6S87. — Nimiuiii  ne  creih 
colori  might  be  adopted  as  the  motto  for  this  and 
other  Tulips,  which  vary  so  remarkably  in  the  colour 
of  their  flowers.  In  the  present  instance  the  perianth- 
segments  are  sometimes  white,  flushed  outside  with 


brown,  or  with  crimson ;  sometimes  yellow  flushed 
inside  with  red.  In  all  the  specimens,  however,  the 
claw  of  the  segments  is  flushed  with  orange-yellow, 
without  any  black  line  or  encircling  horse-shoe  mark, 
as  in  the  nearly  allied  T.  Gesneiana. 

Foreign  Horticulturists  in  England. 

— On  Tuesday  last,  favoured  with  glorious  weather, 
the  twelve  Belgian,  French,  and  Dutch  horticul- 
turists,   including    Messrs.    J.     van    Hulle,     E. 


114 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


fJULV   24,    18S6. 


Lkmoine,  Besson,  Delaux  (Chrysanthemum  nolo- 
tiely),  C.  Havenith,  and  L.  Waltheny  Hal- 
LEIN,  now  in  England  on  an  excursion  to  seek 
information  and  instruction  from  the  various  estab- 
lishments, paid  a  visit  to  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons, 
Swanley.  On  arrival  they  wne  met  by  Mr.  H. 
Cannell,  sen.  ;  the  nursery  and  greenhouses  were 
thrown  open,  and  they  were  allowed  to  ramble  at 
their  leisure,  and  remain  as  long  a-i  they  chose  over 
any  special  object  which  interested  them  most.  The 
construction  of  the  houses,  heating  apparatus,  &c., 
came  in  for  their  share  of  inspection.  Having  passed 
through  the  various  depaitments  of  the  "Home 
of  Flowers,"  luncheon  was  served  at  the  "Lulling- 
stone  Castle  "  Hotel,  alter  which  the  fruit-growing 
portion  of  the  neighbourhood  (at  present  in  fine 
pick)  was  inspected,  and  the  quantities  now  being 
despatched  to  every  large  town  in  the  North  of  Eng- 
land appeared  to  astonish  them,  a  finish  being  made 
with  a  run  through  Mr.  Ladd's  immense  fruit-growing 
establishment. 

Messrs.   J.   Carter  &  Co.  at  Norwich 

Show.— On  the  occasion  of  the  visit  of  H.R.H. 
the  Princess  of  Wales  to  the  show  of  the  Royal 
Agricultural  .Society  at  this  town,  Mr.  Sharman, 
manager  to  the  above  firm  of  London  seedsmen,  had 
the  honour  of  presenting  to  Her  Royal  Highness  a 
bouquet  o(  Roses  gathered  Irom  their  Rose  grounds  in 
Kent. 

iMrORT      OF      B0FFALO      BERRIES.  —  The 

Canadian  correspondent  of  the  Liverpool  Journal  of 
Commerce  says,  that  "  Mr.  W.  II.  Hooi'ER,  of 
Brandon,  is  developing  a  new  industry  in  the  country. 
The  other  day  he  shipped  some  samples  of  Buffalo 
Berries  (Shepherdia  argentea),  growing  luxuriantly  on 
the  prairies  on  that  part  of  the  North-West  territory, 
to  Messrs.  Crosse  &  Blackwell,  pickle  manu- 
facturers, London,  England,  as  a  test.  He  is  con- 
fident they  will  turn  out  satisfactorily.  He  gathered 
the  other  day  285  berries  from  two  plants." 

New  Park  at  Wednesbury.  —  We  have 

been  informed  that  Messrs.  W.  Barron  &  Son, 
of  Elvaston  Nurseries,  are  appointed  Consulting 
Engineers  and  Surveyors  to  the  Wednesbury  Urban 
Sanitary  Authority  in  the  matter  of  a  proposed  public 
park,  and  they  have  received  instructions  to  prepare 
plans  and  specifications  for  the  same. 

Kapok. — Some  attention  has  been  drawn  of 

late  to  the  silk  cotton  which  encloses  the  seeds  of 
Eriodendron  anfractuosum,  under  the  name  of  Kapok. 
From  a  communication  made  to  the  Agricultural  and 
Horticultural  Society  of  India  it  seems  that  the 
quality  of  the  cotton  is  much  superior  in  Java  to  that 
produced  in  India,  which  is  attributed  to  the  greater 
heat  of  the  dry  season  in  the  former  country.  The 
writer  of  the  communication  referred  to  says  :  — "  The 
Kapok  is  only  used  to  fill  up  mattresses,  chicks,  cS:c. 
So  far  as  I  am  aware  there  is  in  the  whole  of  Java  no 
Kapok  plantation.  In  each  village  there  are  some  trees, 
the  fruit  of  which  is  sold  by  the  natives  for  one  rupee 
per  thousand.  When  cleaned  the  price  is  30  to  50 
Rs.  per  picul  (i.e.,  130  English  pounds)  ;  the  price  is 
now  very  high,  but  I  do  not  doubt  it  will  rise  more 
when  the  use  is  more  known.  Several  people  have 
tried  to  make  the  Kapok  tree  a  culture,  but  all 
attempts  failed,  the  cause  of  which  must  be  sought  in 
the  enormous  salaries," 

Chiswick     Scientific    and     Literary 

Society. — An  enjoyable  garden  party  was  given 
by  this  Society  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Gardens,  Chiswick,  on  Friday  evening  the  i6th 
inst.,  in  the  large  vinery.  A  number  of  members  of 
the  Society,  and  a  few  outsiders  (who  were  specially 
invited)  exhibited  a  varied  selection  of  objects  under 
microscopes ;  Mr.  G.  Nicholson,  Kew,  showing 
some  botanical  specimens.  The  weather  was  favour- 
able for  astronomical  studies,  and  a  great  attrac- 
tion consisted  of  a  telescope  fitted  up  on  the  lawn. 
Commander  Robinson,  R.N.,  was  in  charge  of 
the  instrument,  and  gave  information  respecting 
the  moon,  the  planets  Jupiter  (with  his  moons)  and 
Mars,  as  well  as  several  of  the  fixed  stars,  &c.  A 
well-dried  and  well  mounted  collection  of  British 
plants,  with  botanical  descriptions  attached  was 
shown  by  Miss  Rutter,  although  the  names  were  not 
in  all  instances  correct.  The  gardens  are  most  suitable 
lor  scientific  conversaziones,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
Ibis  meeting  will  not  be  the  only  one  of  its  kind. 


Nova  Scotia  Fruit-Growers'  Associa- 
tion.—We  have  before  us  the  report  cf  the  Society 
for  1SS5.  At  a  time  when  our  societies  are  languish- 
ing, it  is  interesting  to  see  that,  both  in  the  United 
Slates  and  in  the  Dominion,  the  practical  value  of 
such  associations  is  recognised,  and  the  members  do 
their  best  to  give  and  receive  information  on  subjects 
of  interest  to  them.  The  meetings  seem  to  partake 
of  the  character  of  the  conferences  which  have  been 
so  popular  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and 
afford  an  indication  of  what  people  want,  and  of  one 
excellent  means  of  supplying  the  want.  There  is  a 
serious  business  purpose  about  these  Transatlantic 
meetings  which  is  in  marked  contrast  to  the  dilettante 
gatherings  our  societies  have  catered  for  to  so  little 
purpose. 

The  Potato  Disease.— We  take  the  follow- 
ing from  Vne  Journal  of  Ihe  P/iarmaceiilical  Society  :  — 
"  Dr.  A.  B.  Griffiths  has  lately  made  some  inter- 
esting experiments  on  the  effect  of  sulphate  of  iron 
on  the  Potato  disease  fungus  (Chemical  A'ews,  May 
28,  p.  256).  He  found  that  an  aqueous  solution  of 
0.1  gram  of  ferrous  sulphate  in  100  grams  of  water 
causes  perforations  of  the  cellulose  walls  of  the 
hypha:  and  spores,  while  it  does  not  attack  the 
cellulose  walls  of  higher  forms  of  plant  life,  the 
cellulose  of  which  appears  to  be  of  a  different 
character,  since  it  is  coloured  by  reagents  which  do 
not  affect  the  cellulose  ot  fungi.  He  also  suggests 
that  potash  salts  in  manures,  while  valuable  for  the 
Potato,  also  stimulate  the  growth  of  fungi,  since 
Chevreul  has  shown  that  fungi  greatly  flourish  when 
watered  with  a  solution  of  potassium  nitrate. 

PiNUs  Engelmanni. — A  Pine  cone  would 

not  appear  at  first  sight  to  be  a  suitable  material  for 
the  fabrication  of  a  hair-brush  ;  nevertheless.  Dr.  E. 
Palmer  says  the  Mexican  Indians  use  the  cones  of 
the  Pine  in  question  for  this  purpose  by  removing 
the  corky  portion  of  the  scales.  Perhaps  these  In- 
dians do  not  have  much  use  for  such  brushes. 

Colocasia    Devansayana,    Linden    and 

Rodigas, — This  is  a  supposed  new  species  of  Colocasia, 
of  which  the  flowers  are  not  known.  It  is  derived 
from  New  Guinea,  and  has  long-stalked  leaves,  the 
stalks  reddish-brown,  sheathing  for  half  their  length  ; 
the  blades  hastate  or  cordate  ovate-acute. 

The  Oxford  Carnation   and    Picotek 

Union. — The  second  exhibition  of  the  Union  will 
take  place,  as  last  year,  in  Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell's 
garden,  Stanley  Road,  Oxford,  on  Tuesday,  August  3, 
and  the  schedule  of  prizes  recently  issued  comprises 
forty-five  for  collections  of  twelve  or  six  blooms 
respectively,  and  seventy-eight  prizes  for  single 
blooms,  the  total  money  value  being  nearly  £^0.  In 
issuing  the  schedule  Mr.  Dodwell,  the  Hon. -Secre- 
tary, states  :  — "  The  object  of  the  founder  of  the 
Association  has  been  to  foster  interest  and  enthusiasm 
in  the  cultivation  of  the  flowers  rather  by  free  fraternal 
communion  than  by  the  stimulus  of  large  money 
prizes  ;  therefore  an  essential  part  of  the  programme 
is  a  modest  luncheon,  free  to  all  subscribers — an 
arrangement  which  many  years  of  experience  has 
proved  to  be  good."  The  10  a.m.  Great  Western 
Railway  express  from  Paddington  reaches  Oxford  at 
11.40,  and  judging  begins  at  noon,  to  suit  the  con- 
venience of  exhibitors  from  a  distance. 

Skeleton  Leaves.— Some  of  the  best  speci- 
mens we  have  seen  were  exhibited  by  Mrs.  Hodg- 
KINS,  Beaufort  Avenue,  Withington,  at  the  recent 
Liverpool  show.  They  were  not  only  well  prepared, 
but  effectively  mounted  upon  a  crimson  velvet  back- 
ground. Amongst  other  things  a  Nepenthes  bical- 
carata  was  exhibited.  Now-a-days,  when  consider- 
able importance  attaches  to  the  distribution  of  the 
vascular  bundles,  these  preparations  may  become 
something  more  than  mere  fancy  work. 

ACRI-HoRTICtJLTURAL  SOCIETY  OF    INDIA. 

— Ttie  last  number  of  the  ^tJKrjra/ contains  articles  on 
grafting  Mangos  by  Mr.  Maries  ;  on  the  preparation 
of  Rhea  fibre,  by  Mr.  Jennings  ;  on  the  flowering 
of  Bambusa  arundinacea,  by  Mr.  Nichols,  and  an  in- 
teresting paper  on  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Society 
in  the  sixty-five  years  of  its  existence.  The  Society 
was  established  in  1S20,  at  the  instigation  of  Dr. 
Carey,  the  Baptist  missionary,  so  favourably  known 
as  a  scholar  and  a  botanist.  The  improvement  of 
agricultural  and  horticultural  products  was  the  chief 


end  aimed  at,  and  this  was  accomplished  by  the 
establishment  0/  an  experimental  garden,  the  instruc- 
tion of  the  natives,  the  introduction  and  diffusion  of  use- 
ful plants,  the  establishment  of  a  library  and  museum, 
and  the  publication  of  a  Journal.  The  replies 
given  to  questions  and  the  manner  in  which  informa- 
tion is  afforded  on  points  of  interest,  as  shown  in  the 
Journal,  alone  afford  CDnclusive  evidence  as  to  the 
utility  of  the  Society,  which  boaitssome  561  member;. 

Hygrometer. — For  cultural  purposes  an  in- 
strument of  precision  is  not  needed,  as  less  exact 
means  answer  the  end  in  view.  M.  le  Comte  de 
Buysson  has  lately  again  called  attention  to  the  car- 
pels of  Erodium,  whose  long  beaks  roll  up  when 
dry,  and  straighten  when  moist,  like  the  awns  of  Stipa 
and  other  plants.  A  small  slab  of  slate  or  zinc  is 
pierced  in  the  centre,  and  into  the  hole  the  seed  is 
introduced.  With  the  carpel  of  Erodium  gruinum 
M.  DE  Buysson  says  that  when  the  beak  is  quite 
straight,  an  atmosphere  saturated  with  moisture  is 
indicated  ;  when  it  has  six  coils  complete  dryness 
exists,  a  medium  condition  being  shown  by  two  coils 
of  the  spire. 

Veronica  salicornioides.  —  There  is  a 

whole  group  of  dwarf  Veronicas  which  mimic  Lyco- 
podiums  or  dwarf  Conifers,  and  which  apppear  to  be 
anything  rather  than  what  they  really  are.  In  such 
cases  proof  may  be  demanded,  and  such  is  before  us 
in  the  form  of  flowering  specimens  of  the  plant 
ramed  at  the  head  of  this  paragraph,  and  which 
undoubtedly  prove  the  plant  to  be  a  Veronica.  For 
our  specimen  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Gumbleton, 
Many  of  our  readers  will  remember  (he  fine  group  of 
these  species  exhibited  by  Mr.  Ware  at  the  meetings 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  on  fune  22  this 
year.  This  group  showed  how  well  these  plants 
which  are  hardy  (except  perhaps  in  the  severest 
winters)  are  fitted  for  ornamental  beds  on  terraces  or 
for  window-garden  purposes. 

Black  Country  Flower  Shows— Some 

extremely  interesting  and  instructive  papers  might 
be  written  on  "  Pitmound  Gardening  in  the  Black 
Country."  By  the  Black  Country  is  meant  that 
stretch  of  country  lying  between  Birmingham  and 
Wolverhampton,  with  ironworks,  coal  mines,  &c., 
in  abundance,  and  which  appears  to  be  at  all  times 
encompassed  by  a  dense  atmosphere  of  smoke. 
Here,  one  would  imagine,  gardening  must  be  carried 
on  under  great  difficulties,  and  yet  three  highly  suc- 
cessful flower  shows  are  held  annually  in  the  month 
of  August — one  at  Darlaston,  one  at  Eilston,  and  one 
at  Willenhall.  These  places,  from  their  geographical 
position,  may  be  said  to  form  a  triangle,  and  they  are 
about  3  miles  from  each  other.  Bilston  has  probably 
the  largest  show,  and  Willenhall  ranks  next  in 
importance  ;  in  each  case  the  competition  is  very 
keen,  and  the  attendance  large.  Ani  it  is  worthy 
of  note  that  while  large  commerciil  centre,  like 
Wolverhampton  and  Walsall — probably  for  want 
of  pluck  and  good  management — are  unable  to  support 
a  show,  and  even  Birmingham  is  without  a  thoroughly 
representative  exhibition,  in  these  unlovely  districts 
not  only  are  good  shows  held,  but  they  are  well 
managed,  and  financially  successful.  Well  done, 
Black  Country  I 

Philippine   Forestry.— At  a  time  when 

the  forestry  question  is  forcing  itself  into  the  fore- 
ground, owing  to  the  rapid  exhaustion  of  forests  in 
various  directions,  it  is  unfortunate  to  hear  a  rumour 
of  the  probable  early  recall  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Forests  in  the  Philippines,  and  the  suspension  of  the 
work  in  which  he  is  engaged.  The  investigation  of 
the  flora  was  one  branch  of  the  work  of  this  depart- 
ment, and  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  that  practically 
nothing  has  been  done  since  the  time  of  Cuming, 
until  the  woik  was  taken  in  hand  by  Don  Sebastian 
ViDAL,  the  present  Commissioner — and  that  even 
now  some  of  the  islands  are  practically  unexplored — 
it  will  be  a  matter  for  sincere  regret  if  the  work 
should  come  to  a  sudden  termination  owing  to  the 
unsettled  state  of  the  political  horizon  in  Spain. 

The    Cistus  Family.— We   welcome    the 

appearance  in  the  Bolelim  da  Sociedadc  Broteriana 
of  a  monagraph  written  in  French  by  Professor 
Henriques,  and  devoted  to  the  genera  and  species 
of  Cistaceee.  The  Professor  gives  an  historical 
summary  of  the  family,  and  adopts  Wilkomm's  sub- 
division of  the  family,  and  enumerates  as  European 


July  24,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


115 


genera — Cistus,  Halitnium,  Tuberatia  Helianthemum, 
and  Furaana.  This  is  followed  by  a  sketch  of  the 
physical  geography  and  mountain  systems  of  Portugal 
and  of  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  Cistinese. 
Eleven  species  of  Cistus  (irrespective  of  varieties)  are 
noted  in  Portugal — nine  species  of  Ilaliraium,  six 
species  of  Tuberaria.  thirteen  of  lielianthemum,  and 
four  of  Fumana,  and  of  these  abbreviated  descrip- 
tions are  given,  arranged  in  the  convenient  form  of 
analytical  tables,  together  with  indications  of  the 
localties  where  the  species  are  found.  An  ap* 
pendix  relating  to  the  hybrids  between  various 
species — and  which  are  very  common  in  this  genus 
— is  added.  In  this  appendix  M.  Bornet's 
experiments  are  alluded  to.  This  botanist,  it  will 
be  remembered,  raised  numerous  hybrids  in  the 
garden  of  M.  Thuret,  at  Antibes,  where  we  hid 
the  pleasure  of  seeing  them.  Unfortunately  M. 
BORNET  his  not  yet  published  any  record  ol  his 
experiments,  but  we  learn  from  M.  IIenriques' 
statement  that  M.  Bornet  succeeded  in  raising  245 
hybiid  Cisti,  that  Cistus  ladaniferus  yielded  results 
with  seventeen  other  species,  but  that  no  cross  could 
be  efTected  between  a  Cistus  and  a  Helianthemum, 
although  the  pollen  of  Cistus  salvicefolius  produced 
a  hybrid  with  Halimium  halimifolium.  We  would 
fain  hope  that  Professor  Henriques'  conscientious 
monograph  may  lead  to  the  revival  of  the  cultivation 
of  these  very  beautiful  shrubs,  formerly  so  much  in 
vogue  that  Sweet  published  an  illustrated  mono- 
graph of  the  forms  known  to  him.  Now-a-days  if  a 
floweris  unsuitable  for  house  decoration,  or  as  a  "  cut 
Bower,"  it  is  little  esteemed,  be  it  never  so  beautiful 
or  interesting.  Some  day  intelligence  as  well  as  the 
satisfaction  of  the  mere  sense  of  beauty  will  be  con- 
sidered, and  things  will  change. 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.  C.  Tur- 
ner, late  of  Mostyn  Hall,  F-|intshire,  has  been 
appointed  Ilead-Gardener  to  David  Brimslow, 
Esq.,  Bitleswell  Hall,  Lutterworth. —Mr.  John 
Smvthe,  late  Gardener  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Pollok, 
Lismany,  Co.  Galway,  Ireland,  has  been  appointed 
Gardener  to  [ohn  Mills,  Esq.,  Bisterne  Park,  Ring- 
wood,  Hants. 


CARPENTERIA  CALIFORNICA. 

This  is  a  handsome  shrub,  which  bids  fair  to  be 
hardy,  and  of  which  up  to  the  present  more  has  been 
heard  than  seen.  It  is  a  native  of  King's  County, 
California,  and  was  originally  described  by  Dr.  Toirey 
in  the  Pianhc FremontiaitiC,  t.  7,  where,  however,  only 
capsules  and  leaves  are  shown.  These  capsules  ar^ 
remarkable,  in  that  they  split,  not  only  into  valves, 
but  the  outer  surface  of  each  valve  peels  ofif  from  the 
inner  surface.  Dr.  Kellogg,  in  the  Proceedings:  of  the 
Californian  Academy,  vii.,  10,  alluded  to  it  ;  and  the 
plant  is  duly  registered  in  that  most  useful  book  of  Mr. 
Sereno  Watson,  the  Botany  of  California^  vol.  ii  , 
p.  446. 

What  we  know  of  it  is  derived  from  these  sources, 
from  the  herbarium  specimens  at  Kew,  from  notices 
and  figures  in  the  Garden  (October  23,  iSSo,  and 
July  iS,  1SS5),  and  specially  from  the  specimen 
6gured,  and  which  was  obligingly  communicated  at 
our  request  by  Miss  T^kyll,  of  Munstead,  near  Godal- 
ming,  who  has  been  so  fortunate  as  to  be  the  first  to 
flower  the  plant  in  this  country.  Miss  Jekyll's  letter 
is  appended  to  this  note.  All  that  we  need  add  is 
that  the  plant  is  a  shrub  with  lanceolate,  rather  thick 
leaves,  very  finely  serrulate,  felted  with  close  white 
hairs  on  the  under  surface,  and  with  rather  dislait 
nerves.  The  flowers,  as  shown  in  the  illustration 
(fig.  22,  p.  113),  from  a  photograph,  are  very  like 
those  of  a  Philadelphus,  but  differ  in  having  the  styles 
united  throughout  into  one  column,  while  in  Philadel- 
phus the  styles  are  separate  above,  though  inseparate 
tenea'.h.  The  ovary  and  capsule  are  more  nearly 
sepaia'e  from  the  base  of  the  calyx  than  in  Phila- 
delphus, besides  which  there  is  in  Carpenteria  the 
peculiar  mode  of  splitting  up  of  the  valves  of  the  pod 
before  alluded  to. 

"  The  specimen  figured,"  writes  Miss  Jekyll,  "is 
a  bush  about  7  feet  high,  planted  out  in  a  cool  green- 
house. There  are  others  out-of-doors  (one  of  them 
showing  bloom  on  one  point).  As  they  have  withstood 
the  late  severe  winter  without  having  a  leaf  injured, 
and  without  any  protection  except  that  aflorded  by  a 
west  wall,  near  which  they  grow,  I  think  we  may  con- 
sider that  this  fine  thing  is  hardy,  a":  any  rate  in  our 
southern  counties.  Our  soil  is  peaty  sand,  elevation 
400  feet." 


THE    FRUIT    CROPS    OF    NOVA 

SCOTIA. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  one  of  the 
Canadian  Commissionesr  at  the  Canadian  Exhibition 
for  the  following  reports  on  the  Apple  crop  in  Nova 
Scotia  from  which  we  yearly  import  so  much  fruit  of 
excellent  quality  :  — 

Ne-vport. — Potatos  are  looking  well,  and  will  be 
probably  a  good  crop,  although,  on  account  of  con- 
tinued rains  at  the  usual  planting  season,  very  late 
planted.  There  is  promise  of  a  fine  crop  of  Apphs. 
The  trees  were  loaded  with  bloom,  a  large  proportion 
of  which  have  been  fruitful.  I  have  noticed,  how- 
ever, on  gravelly  soils,  trees  that  have  a  great  many 
yellow  leaves,  indicating  a  famished  condition.  The 
Plum  trees  in  this  vicinity  have  nDslly  succumbed  to 
the  '*  black  knot." 

Kings  County. — The  prospect  for  the  Apple  crop 
is  good,  and  in  soms  sections  very  good.  Some  few 
orchards  have  been  devastated  by  canker  worm  ; 
others  considerably  injured,  but  not  enough  to  make  a 
material  dilTerence  in  the  main  crop.  And  taking 
the  increase  and  growth  of  young  orchards  into 
account,  I  should  estimate  that  the  crop  of  18S6  will 
be  the  largest  ever  grown  in  the  county  of  Kings. 

Annapolis, — The  prospect  of  an  extraordinary  large 
Apple  crop  is  not  as  encouraging  as  it  was  earlier  in 
the  season.  There  was  an  immense  show  of  blossoms, 
but  it  is  reported  from  many  sections  that  the  fruit 
did  not  set  well,  and  the  present  dry  weather  is 
causing  the  nearly-formed  Apples  to  drop  off.  It  is 
rather  early  to  give  an  opinion,  but  there  will  certainly 
be  an  average  crop.  Small  fruit  is  very  abundant, 
Strawberries  being  exceptionally  fine. 

Cumberland. — According  to  reports  from  the  differ- 
ent sections  fruit  trees  were  never  in  a  more  flourish- 
ing condition,  and  we  look  for  a  bountiful  yield  in 
this  part  of  the  province  Many  localities  are 
becoming  quite  thickly  studded  with  Apple  orchards, 
varying  in  extent  from  seventy  up  to  200  trees,  and 
most  of  them  not  over  twelve  years  old.  The  varieties 
found  to  succeed  best  are  of  the  more  hardy  species, 
as  Duchess  of  Oldenberg,  Emperor  Alexander, 
Golden  Pippins,  Wealthy,  English  and  Golden 
Russet,  Red  and  White  Astrachan.  Owing  to  the 
"  black  knot"  Pluras  have  been  found  not  to  succeed 
except  one  variety,  Moore's  Arctic,  which  is  doing 
well. 

jycz«/-r.— The  indications  of  a  good  Apple  crop  are 
fair.  The  show  of  blossoms  was  wonderful,  and  in  all 
the  Apple  growing  districts  considerable  fruit  has  set. 

Yarmouth. — Fruit  bloom  was  abundant,  and  the 
crop  will  be  large,  with  favourable  conditions  for 
maturing.  Small  fruit  are  all  doing  well  ;  cultivated 
Strawberries,  Wilson  chiefly,  are  beginning  to  come 
forward.  Raspberries  (cultivated),  which  were  a  total 
failure  last  year,  through  winter  killing  of  the  buds, 
give  promise  of  a  larger  crop  than  I  have  ever  seen  ; 
while  Gooseberries  and  Curr.ints  make  their  annual 
display  of  well  filled  branche?.  Upon  the  whole  the 
season  has  been  an  early  and  a  most  favourable  one 
for  the  farmer  ;  and  should  no  disastrous  wind  storms 
occur,  the  exhibition  in  October  should  show  un- 
wonted excellence  of  fruit,  root,  grain,  and  other 
crops,  Potatos  never  looked  better,  making  a  strong, 
healthy,  rapid  growth ;  the  earliest  growers  are 
already  in  the  market  with  the  first  of  the  crop, 
retailing  at  3  cents  per  pound. 


Itfltins  of  ^(jfllis. 

How  I  Managed  and  Improved  my  Estate. 
(London  :  George  Bell  &  Sons,  18S6.) 

This  cheerful  book  re-appears  from  the  columns  of 
the  St,  James'  Gazette,  where  many  readers  must 
have  welcomed  occasional  pictures  of  country  life  by 
one  who  had  given  up  London  work  and  established 
himself  in  Sussex,  with  a  single  task  in  hand,  that  of 
the  management  of  a  landed  estate,  which  he  had 
purchased  for  the  express  purpose  of  improving  it. 
If,  after  thirty  years  experience  in  management  similar 
to  that  of  our  author — building,  planting,  farming,  and 
all  the  miscellaneous,  delightful,  and  sometimes  un- 
profitable work  of  managing  land—he  had  written  a 
volume  on  the  subject,  it  would  have  proved,  we  will 
not  say  a  better,  but  certainly  a  bigger  book.  His 
plan,  however,  is  a  good  one,  since  he  gives  his  own 
experience  in  simple  language.      In  commencing  the 


building  of  a  very  handsome  house  he  says,  *'  I 
resolved  to  have  no  master-builder  but  myself,"  and 
as  a  great  many  people  have  either  built  houses  or 
hoped  to  do  so  some  day,  his  account  of  finding  a 
stone  quarry  on  the  spot  and  building  far  beyond  his 
first  plan,  for  the  sake  of  utilising  the  excellent  mate- 
rials, must  prove  attractive  to  many  persons.  In 
"puddling  "a  tish  pond  he  saved  ;[{j3oo  by  using  a 
horse  instead  of  ten  or  twelve  men  !  In  laying  out 
his  gardens,  which  cost  /'150  for  ornamental  shrubs, 
he  saved  hundreds  by  personal  superintendence  and 
contrivance — we  might  say  thousands,  or  the  differ- 
ence between  £,^yy:i,  which  the  house  and  grounds 
cost  him,  and  ^10,000,  which  the  same  would  have 
cost  in  the  hands  of  contractors. 

We  have  now  shown  that  this  little  book  of 
loS  pages  contains  by  no  means  a  dull  story, 
and  for  that  reason,  if  for  no  other,  its  eight  chapters 
are  better  and  more  wholesome  reading  than  is  at 
present  offered  to  agriculturists  in  some  of  their 
special  papers  which  are  engaged,  week  after  week, 
in  bewailing  the  bad  times.  Our  author's  subjects  are 
as  follows  :  — I,  Choice  of  an  Estate  ;  2,  Under- 
woods;  3,  Timber;  4,  Building  and  Contracting  ;  5, 
Making  Grounds  ;  6,  Farming  and  Shooting  ;'^7,  Fish- 
ponds and  Aviaries;  S,  Conclusion.  On  these  several 
topics  he  discourses  briefly,  and  not  at  all  in  the  style 
of  some  preachers,  for  he  does  not  venture  beyond 
the  limits  of  his  knowledge,  and  only  tells  what  he 
can  himself  vouch  for  as  having  come  within  the 
range  of  his  own  personal  experience.  As  an  observer 
of  scientiiic  phenomena,  and  in  the  domain  of  natural 
his'.ory,  our  author  seems  to  us  to  be  sometimes  misled, 
as  in  the  case  of  a  wonderful  storm,  or  something, 
by  which  he  says  his  house  *'  was  sofily  and  mightily 
struck  "  in  the  night,  so  that  the  walls,  though  3  feet 
thick,  "rocked  with  the  blow."  There  is  a  curious 
discovery  (p.  104)  of  "  a  dangerous  peculiarity  in  the 
manners  of  weasels  with  which  all  strollers  in  woods 
and  out-of-the-way  places  should  be  acquainted."  This 
is,  that  instead  of  running  away  from  an  intruder  they 
runup  him  as  far  as  his  jugular.  A  "sure  instinct 
guides  them  to  the  largest  blood-vessels  of  all  who 
offend  thera  !"  We  have  enjoyed  a  large  acquaintance 
among  weasels  and  stoats,  as  well  as  game-keepers, 
and  have  often  shot  the  former  and  sometimes  the 
latter  ;  but  in  our  district  the  weasels  were  not 
held  in  ill-odour,  at  least  not  morally  in  connec- 
tion with  human  jugulars.  Our  author  relates  a 
fact  far  more  satisfactory  when  be  tells  us  that 
he  made  a  good  profit  of  his  land  consisting  of 
two  estates.  He  says  ;  — "  I  gave  ^14,000  for 
them  ;  farmed  them  and  managed  the  woodlands 
almost  entirely  myself,  obtaining,  during  the  whole 
time  I  held  the  land,  considerably  higher  returns  than 
I  could  have  obtained  in  rent;  sold  ^^looo  worth  of 
timber;  spent  about  1^5500  on  improving  house  and 
land  ;  and  within  fifteen  years  afterwards  had  parted 
with  the  place,  which  I  had  made  too  grand  for  my 
use,  for  ;^27,ooo— the  whole  transaction  leaving  me 
;{^95oo  richer  than  I  was  before  in  money,  and  richer 
also  in  a  great  deal  of  pleasant  experience  and 
country  knowledge."    And  this  in  these  bad  times! 


SOME  RECENT  ACQUISITIONS  IN  ROSES. 
We  have  received  from  Messrs.  W.  Paul  and  Son, 
of  Waltham  Cross,  some  blooms  of  four  new  Roses, 
viz.,  Florence  Paul,  Lady  of  the  Like,  Grand  Mogul, 
and  Silver  Queen,  the  first  two  being  already  in 
commerce,  and  the  others  will  be  first  sold  in  the 
spring  of  18S7.  Florence  Paul  is  of  a  dark  crimson, 
of  nearly  the  same  tint  as  the  well-known  A.  K. 
Williams,  from  which  it  was  obtained  ;  is  of  medium 
size,  the  petals  being  slightly  recurved  ;  a  vigorous 
grower,  and  odorous  to  a  slight  degree.  Lady  of  the 
Lake  is  of  a  light  flesh  colour,  very  full  in  the  centre, 
especially  when  half  expanded  ;  the  foliage  is  some- 
what similar  to  that  of  the  Provins  Roses,  and  the 
flower  is  slightly  perfumed.  Silver  Queen  is  a  very 
light  coloured  Rose,  approaching  to  white  in  the  outer 
petals  ;  the  flower  is  very  full  and  pleasing  in  form,  and 
theshoots  and  foliage  robust.  Grand  Mogul,  which  has 
already  appeared  on  the  exhibition  table,  Is  a  very  dark 
crimson,  darker  than  the  first-named,  and  is  furnished 
with  short  recurved  petals,  fairly  numerous,  and 
forming  a  flattish  bloom,  with  the  centre  nearly  made 


Ii6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


(July  24,  1886. 


up— a  good  flower  when  well  done.  What  we  miss 
in  most  of  the  new  Roses,  is  that  distinctive  and 
always  desirable  quality,  strong  true  Rose  scent. 
The  odour  of  the  Tea  Rose  is  delicious  in  moderate 
doses  ;  but  it  at  last  becomes  overpowering,  not  so 
that  of  the  Cabbage  Rose,  and  others  partaking  of 
the  nature  of  that  variety. 

New  Roses:  Caroline  Darden  (Dickson). 
The  following  extract  from  a  letter  received  this 
morning  from  one  of  the  judges  at  the  Helens- 
burgh, West  of  Scotland,  show,  held  on  last  Friday, 
will  interest  all  lovers  of  Roses,  especially  your 
correspondent,  "Wild  Rose  "  :  —  "  Dicksons,  of 
Newtownards,  produced  a  sensation  with  their  new 
Roses  here  yesterday.  None  could  have  anticipated 
that  your  Emerald  Isle  would  have  the  credit  of  pro- 
ducing such  a  magnificent  seedling  Rose  as  Caroline 
Darden,  formerly  named  after  the  famous  American 
Dr.  Jacks,  but  now  sent  out  under  the  maiden  name 
of  his  wife.  It  is  in  the  way  and  build  of  Charles 
Lefebvre,  or  peihaps  nearer  A.  K.  Williams,  but 
much  darker,  of  greater  substance  of  petal,  and  glow- 
ing velvety  richness.  Their  Earl  of  Dufferin,  a  mag- 
nificent new  seedling  Rose  also,  got  the  1st  prize  as 
the  best  Rose  at  the  show,  all  classes  competing. 
Besides  Caroline  Darden  and  Earl  Dufferin,  they  also 
received  Certificates,  First-class,  for  James  Brownlow 
and  W.  Laird.  Rest  assured.  Murphy,  these  are 
Roses  that  will  be  heard  of  in  the  future."  I  was 
rather  proud  to  get  this,  as  last  year  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  drew  attention  for  the  first  time  to  these 
seedling  Roses,  and  this  year  confirms  the  impression. 
Caroline  Darden  also  got  a  First-class  Certificate  a 
few  days  since  at  the  Royal  Dublin  Society's  Summer 
Show.  I  am  sure  all  lovers  of  Roses  will  be  proud 
of  the  Messrs.  Dickson's  success.   W.  J.  Murphy. 


A  SURVEY  of  the  general  features  of  the  pleasure 
grounds  should  now  be  made.  When  deciduous  trees 
and  shrubs  have  attained  their  full  size  and  proper 
colour  of  foliage,  a  better  idea  can  be  formed  of  the 
requisite  thinning  and  planting  where  it  is  desirable 
to  open,  or  keep  open,  views  of  some  distant  objects, 
and  also  where  it  would  be  advisable  to  introduce  a 
light  loliaged  or  flowering  shrub,  or  the  dark  tints  of  the 
purple  Beech  or  Pine.  In  opening  these  groves  or 
views,  the  sides  should  not  be  made  straight,  or  they 
have  a  formal  look,  but  plenty  of  sprayey  branches 
should  be  left  on  either  side.  Should  the  weather  be 
showery  towards  the  end  of  the  month  the  planting  of 
shrubs  should  be  commenced.  Choose  cloudy  days 
for  the  operation,  and  see  that  the  soil  is  well 
loosened  for  a  considerable  distance  round  the  plants, 
so  as  to  prevent  the  stagnation  of  water,  which  is 
most  injurious  to  them. 

Cuttings. 
Cuttings  of  Hollyhock  should  now  be  inserted. 
Choose  young  shoots  when  they  can  be  obtained  ; 
but  they  will  strike  freely  from  eyes.  Cut  the  side 
shoots  into  pieces  of  one  eye  each,  put  them  into 
some  slight  compost,  and  under  a  handlight  they  will 
soon  strike.  Cutting  of  Pansies  should  also  be  made 
now.  It  does  not  signify  how  small  the  cuttings  are, 
but  they  should  be  taken  from  shoots  which  have  not 
flowered,  as  they  will  root  quicker  and  more  cer- 
tainly than  those  which  have  flowered.  Cuttings  of 
Phloxes  and  many  other  herbaceous  plants  should 
be  put  in  as  opportunity  offers.  If  not  already 
attended  to  offsets  of  the  hardier  kinds  of  Semper- 
vivums  should  be  pricked  into  lines,  also  cuttings  of 
Mentha,  Santolina,  Herniaria,  and  all  the  other  hardy 
plants  used  for  carpet  and  other  bedding. 

Roses. 
The  budding  of  Roses  should  now  be  completed. 
Do  not  allow  the  ligatures  to  remain  after  the  union 
is  completed.  Suckers  should  also  be  removed  as 
soon  as  they  appear ;  they  are  more  troublesome  this 
year  than  usual.  When  Roses  do  not  receive  sufli- 
cient  water  mildew  is  sure  to  attack  the  plants.  As 
a  remedy  for  this  disease  I  have  tried  soot  with  good 
results.  I  damp  the  foliage  with  a  fine  spray  syringe, 
and  dust  the  soot  over  them,  allowing  it  to  remain 


on  for  three  or  four  days,  then  washing  it  off.  All 
flowers  should  be  picked  off  immediately  their  beauty 
is  past.  Young  shoots  attacked  with  greenfly  may 
have  their  points  dipped  in  tobacco-  water.  All  strong 
shoots  of  perpetuals  should  be  shortened.  This  will 
induce  the  plants  to  produce  several  flowering  shoots 
from  the  growths  so  treated. 

General  Work. 
Chrysanthemums  in  beds  will  require  abundant 
supplies  of  minure-water.  The  same  applies  to 
Dahlias  and  Hollyhocks.  Keep  the  seed-pods  con- 
stantly picked  off  Violas,  and  give  them  frequent 
waterings  with  liquid  manure,  or  else  they  will 
speedily  go  out  of  flower.  W.  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo, 
Beds. 


fF{UIT3     -yNDEF}     <^LA33. 


PMJNT3  and  their  f  U:LTUFi£:. 

♦ • 

CHRYSAXTHEMUMS. 
Easy  as  these  plants  are  to  manage,  the  press  of 
other  work  is  often  the  cause  of  their  being  but  little 
attended  to,  and  a  fine  head  of  bloom  is  in  conse- 
quence not  obtained.  The  stronger  and  more 
vigorous  the  plants,  the  more  nutriment  they  will 
require,  to  be  given  in  the  shape  of  manure-water. 
The  pots  will  now  be  getting  full  of  roots,  and  should 
be  plunged  in  sifted  coal  ashes,  cocoa-nut  fibre,  or 
any  other  suitable  material ;  this  keeps  the  tempera- 
ture more  equable  about  the  roots,  besides  saving 
much  labour  in  watering  the  plants.  Where  a  batch 
of  the  earliest  varieties  are  grown  to  keep  up  a  sue- 
cessional  display,  the  plants  will  now  be  showing  their 
bloom-buds,  and  should  now  be  always  watered  with 
some  kind  of  manure-water  in  a  diluted  state.  Stake 
and  tie  all  growths  as  they  require  it,  and  pinch  back 
all  lateral  growths  as  they  appear  if  single  specimen 
blooms  only  are  required. 

Roses  (Teas) 
which  were  turned  out-of-doors  some  time  since  should 
now  be  examined,  repotting  any  plants  that  have 
filled  their  pots  ;  repot  or  retub  all  young  free-growing 
plants,  according  to  the  growth  they  have  made  and 
space  they  are  to  occupy,  in  good  fibrous  loam,  with 
the  addition  of  some  half-inch  bones,  mortar  rubble, 
and  sand  enough  just  to  keep  it  open.  Keep  the 
plants  well  watered  at  the  roots,  and  syringed  over- 
head twice  a  day— at  least,  afler  potting  during  hot 
dry  weather,  pinching  off  all  buds  as  they  appear,  for 
if  these  are  left  on  the  plants  will  exhaust  themselves 
before  they  are  wanted  for  forcing.  Place  them 
where  they  can  get  the  full  benefit  of  light  and  air, 
so  as  to  get  the  wood  thoroughly  matured.  If  mil- 
dew should  show  itself,  dust  all  of  them  over  with 
flowers  of  sulphur  at  once,  Any  hybrid  perpetuals 
that  are  kept  in  pots,  and  which  are  required  lor  early 
forcing,  must  be  treated  in  a  similar  manner  to  the 
Tea  varieties. 

Stove  Plants. 
Finish  the  potting  of  all  winter-blooming  plants 
without  delay,  place  the  plants  near  the  glass,  keep- 
ing them  rather  close  (or  a  few  days  after  potting, 
afterwards  admit  more  air,  so  as  to  get  them  stocky 
and  well  matured,  for  on  this  depends  the  abundant 
flowering  of  the  plants.  Gesneras  and  Tydeas  will 
want  a  warm  moist  temperature,  but  avoid  the  water 
getting  on  their  foliage.  Late  batches  ol  Gloxinias 
must  now  be  in  their  blooming  pots,  and  should  be 
stood  where  they  can  attain  their  full  development  ; 
other  varieties  of  this  class,  such  as  Goldlussias,  Seri- 
cographis,  Thyrsacanthus,  Plumbago,  Eranthemums, 
Rivina,  Euphorbia  Jacquinifolia,  &c.,  are  best 
plunged  in  pits  near  the  glass  ;  shading  lightly  during 
the  hottest  part  of  the  day,  and  shutting"up  early  for  a 
few  hours,  then  putting  on  a  little  air  later. 

Poinsettias  and  Uegonias  are  best  kept  full  exposed 
to  the  sun,  with  plenty  of  air  given  ;  the  Poinsettias 
require  plenty  of  water  at  the  roots,  for  if  this  be  ne- 
glected red-spider  will  be  sure  to  attack  them.  A 
quantity  of  the  different  varieties  of  Coleus  should  be 
potted  on  for  late  work,  as  these  plants  are  found  to 
be  very  useful  for  various  decorative  uses  indoors ;  the 
persistent  increase  of  insects  at  this  season  will  render 
constant  efforts  needful  lo  destroy  them.  All  climbers 
that  have  done  flowering  should  be  well  thinned  out 
to  get  the  wood  properly  exposed  to  the  sun,  re- 
ducing the  amount  of  water  at  the  roots— but  not 
enough  to  cause  them  to  flag.  A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill, 
Haslemers. 


VINES. 
These  in  every  stage  of  their  growth  should  have 
abundance  of  water  given  to  the  roots  every  week  or 
ten  days,  providing  the  drainage  is  good,  following 
the  clear  water  with  copious  drenchings  with  liquid 
manure  until  the  berries  begin  to  colour  ;  after  which 
period  clear  [water  only  should  be  applied,  other- 
wise, in  the  case  of  black  Grapes,  size  of  berry 
will  be  secured  at  the  expense  of  colour  and  finish. 
Vines  should  never  be  allowed  to  get  dry  at  the 
roots  until  they  have  shed  their  leaves,  and  then 
only  moderately  so,  but  always  inclining  to  the  moist 
side,  which  is  their  natural  condition.  However, 
Vines  of  Madresfield  Court,  should,  from  the  time 
the  berries  begin  to  colour,  receive  water  less  fre- 
quently at  the  roots  than  would  be  beneficial  for 
other  varieties  of  the  Grape  Vine.  A  buoyant  and 
moving  atmosphere  should  be  maintained  so  as  to 
prevent  the  berries  of  this  fine  Grape  as  far  as 
possible  from  cracking,  and  to  attain  this  object  the 
Vines  should  be  allowed  to  make  lateral  growth 
freely  so  that  any  superabundance  of  sap  may  find 
vent  in  the  foliage,  and  thus  be  drawn  away  from  the 
berries.  As  soon  as  all  the  Grapes  are  cut  in  the 
early  and  second  early  houses,  syringe  the  Vines 
morning  and  afternoon  so  as  to  rid  them  of  any  red- 
spider  that  may  be  present,  leaving  the  ventilators  in 
fair  weather  at  all  times  fully  open,  so  that  the  wood 
shall  become  well  ripened,  and  prevent  the  Vines  in 
the  early  house  from  pushing  into  growth,  as  they 
frequently  show  a  tendency  to  do  when  the  atmo- 
sphere of  the  house  is  kept  close  and  moist  instead  of 
moist  and  airy— moist,  so  far  as  the  syringing  of  the 
Vines  morning  and  afternoon,  and  damping  the  path- 
ways, &c,  about  mid-day  goes.  Vines  cropped  light 
rather  than  otherwise,  and  kept  well  supplied  with 
moisture  at  the  roots,  and  a  free  circulation  of  fresh 
air  maintained  from  the  time  the  berries  begin  to 
colour,  are  sure  lo  finish  their  crops  well.  During 
hot  weather,  the  vineries  containing  ripe  and  ripening 
Grapes  should  have  the  pathways  and  surface 
borders  damped  over  with  the  syringe  about  1 1  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  and  again  at  I  and  half  past  4  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  so  as  to  render  the  atmosphere  con- 
genial to  the  requirements  of  the  Grapes  and  foliage 
alike. 

E.xposing  White  Grapes  to  the  Sun. 
Now  that  the  danger  of  the  berries  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  being  scorched  by  the  sun  shining  on  to 
them  is  past,  the  bunches  of  this  and  other  while 
Grapes  should  be  gradually  exposed  to  the  sun's 
rays  by  tying  back  the  leaves  by  which  they  are 
shaded  a  little  at  a  time,  with  a  view  to  the  better  and 
quicker  colouring  of  the  berries.  H.  (K  IVard,  Long- 
ford Castle. 


"pOREgTF^Y. 


DISEASE  OF  PINE  SEEDLINGS. 
I  HAVE  to  tender  you  ray  sincere  thanks  for  the 
interesting  information  that  has  been  elicited  on  the 
subject.  I  have  also  received  a  late  issue  con- 
taining Mr.  Worthinglon  Smith's  valuable  report 
thereon.  There  seems,  however,  to  have  been  a  slight 
misunderstanding  with  regard  to  the  varieties  sent, 
which  I  selected  from  seeds  of  Pinus  Laricio,  Corsi- 
can,  P.  austriaca,  P.  sylvestris  (Ilaguenau  variety). 
The  Laurel  and  Fir  seedlings  have  been  unaftected. 
The  disease  has  vanished  as  suddenly  as  it  came,  and 
thus  left  us  unable  to  state  whether  the  action  of  the 
sulphur  was  a  preventive  in  the  beds  that  were 
dressed.  I  have  for  some  time  been  aware,  through 
a  long  and  painful  experience,  of  the  Coffee-leaf 
disease  (Hemileia  vastatrix),  both  on  my  own  estate 
and  those  of  my  neighbours,  that  certain  forms  of 
fungus  were  inherent  in  the  seeds  of  various  trees  ; 
and  on  my  first  noticing  the  present  fungus  it  struck 
me  as  bearing  a  marked  resemblance  to  the  Hemileia 
in  many  of  its  characteristics.  Still  in  the  present 
instance  there  is  one  circumstance  which  makes  me 
think  it  may  have  been  due  to  atmospheric  rather  than 
other  causes,  inasmuch  as  it  has  attacked  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent  plants  raised  from  seeds  that  were 
gathered  in  some  seven  or  eight  different  localities  all 


July  24    1886] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


117 


widely  remote  the  one  from  the  other,  when  the 
parent  trees  could  hardly  have  been  simultaneously 
affected  —  viz  ,  Ritja,  Scotland,  Mayence,  Corsica, 
Barres  Vilmorin,  Montpellier,  and,  in  the  case  of  P. 
austriaca,  some  other  German  or  Austrian  source.  I 
have  observed  in  the  case  of  Hemileia,  that  although 
it  seems  to  be  ever  present  in  the  trees'  system,  certain 
climatic  conditions  are  necessary  to  its  development 
to  any  serious  extent,  and  that  its  appearance,  there- 
fore, at  certain  seasons,  and  in  certain  weather,  can 
be  predicted  with  some  degree  of  certainty.  In  the 
case  of  the  present  subject  we  shall  find,  I  trust  and 
believe,  that  when  the  seedlings  have  passed  the 
cotyledonary  stage,  they  are  capable  of  resisting  its 
influence,  or  in  the  event  of  its  existence  in  a  latent 
form,  of  throwing  it  out  of  the  plant's  system. 
Instances  of  its  having  attacked,  or  having  been 
detrimental  to,  plants  of  a  more  mature  age,  would 
be  of  great  service.  E.  y,  C,  Brace. 

Protection  of  Trees  from  Stock. 
One  of  the  most  difficult  and  perplexing  duties 
devolving  upon  the  forester  at  all  seasons,  but  espe- 
cially during  the  summer  months,  is  that  of  protecting 
single  trees  from  horses  and  other  animals,  to  which 
they  are  most  frequently  and  seriously  exposed.  It 
is  often  a  source  of  deepest  regret  in  passing  through 
an  otherwise  beautiful  district  of  country  to  find 
scarcely  a  tree  to  gladden  the  eye  and  diversify  the 
landscape.  In  hot  weather,  too,  how  painful  it  is  to 
travel  under  the  scorching  rays  of  the  meridian  sun, 
and  the  cooling  shade  is  as  much  longed  for  by  the 
weary  footsore  traveller  as  the  bubbling  spring  or 
sparkling  fountain.  True  it  is  we  regard  our  park  and 
avenue  trees  more  as  luxuries  than  as  objects  of  utility, 
and  more  for  the  wealthy  than  the  poor.  This,  to 
some  extent  at  least,  is  true,  but  it  is  no  fault  of  the 
rich,  nor  their  desire  it  should  be  so,  and  but  for  the 
circumstance  that  roadside  trees  are  so  expensive  and 
difficult  to  raise  there  might  well  be  shady  bowers 
and  avenues  for  the  poor  as  well  as  the  rich,  and  for 
the  public  no  less  than  for  private  persons.  This 
want,  however,  might  be  amply  supplied  and  the  diffi- 
culties overcome  but  for  the  one  reason,  that  single 
trees  are  so  very  expensive  and  difficult  to  protect  and 
grow  to  perfection.  That  hedgerow  and  park  trees 
can  be  made  safe  and  secure  by  various  kinds  of 
fencing,  there  is  no  doubt ;  if  it  were  otherwise  we 
should  not  enjoy  the  pleasure  of  those  few  trees  we 
have ;  but  in  these  days  of  economy  and  utility 
the  expense  of  erecting  the  guards  is  so  great  as  to 
frighten  many  proprietors  from  even  attempting  it. 

In  these  columns  some  years  ago  I  described  a 
plan  of  protection  that  appeared  to  be  much  thought 
of,  and  is  becoming  of  general  use.  The  plan  was 
simply  that  of  enclosing  the  stem  or  trunk  of  the  tree 
in  a  sheet  of  wire  netting,  giving  to  each  tree  a  kind 
of  coat  of  mail  to  wear.  There  is  very  little  skill  or 
art  required  to  put  it  on,  but  to  those  who  may  never 
have  seen  it  done  a  few  words  of  direction  may  be 
useful,  and  should  the  writer  still  fail  to  make  the 
subject  clear  he  will  gladly  answer  any  requisitions 
that  may  be  put  to  him  respecting  it.  The  first  thing 
to  do  is  to  procure  the  requisite  quantity  of  wire 
netting,  usually  30  inches  broad,  i^  inches  mesh,  and 
No.  16  wire  gauge.  If  the  tree  is  a  small  one  the 
netting  may  be  put  on  the  whole  breadth  and  overlap 
the  edges  so  as  to  take  it  in  to  the  proper  width,  and 
thereby  avoid  cutting,  except  at  the  proper  length  to 
go  as  high  up  the  tree  as  required.  It  requires  to  be 
securely  tied  by  means  of  brass  wire,  and  when  it 
becomes  too  tight  by  reason  of  the  tree  enlarging  the 
ties  must  be  slackened  and  the  netting  let  out.  It 
requires  to  be  securely  and  firmly  fastened  to  the 
ground  by  means  of  bent  pieces  of  common  fencing 
wire  thrust  iuto  the  ground  in  the  form  of  staples. 
This  for  sheep  and  cattle  is  usually  quite  sufficient, 
and  is  equally  effective  against  hares  and  rabbits. 
Horses,  however,  sometimes  (though  rarely)  catch 
hold  of  a  slack  part  of  the  netting  and  tear  it,  and  to 
prevent  this  a  piece  of  barbed  wire  twisted  round  the 
trunk  above  the  netting  proves  most  effective. 
All  this  is  done  cheaply,  expeditiously,  and  gives 
the  utmost  satisfaction  wherever  it  has  been  applied. 
Both  the  netting  and  barbed  wire  can  be  so  closely 
and  neatly  put  upon  the  tree  as  to  be  invisible  at  a 
very  short  distance,  and  can  be  equally  well  applied 
to  a  limb  or  branch  as  to  the  stem  or  trunk.  It  does 
no  injury  to  the  stem  if  slackened  at  intervals  of  years 
varying  according  to  the  growth  of  the  tree. 

Apart  from  animals  gnawing  the  bark  of  trees  they 
also  naturally  rub  themselves  against  them,  and  when 


the  barbed  wire  is  put  on  they  are  completely  pre- 
vented from  doing  so,  but  which,  if  not  provided  for 
in  another  way,  would  amount  to  actual  cruelty. 
What,  therefore,  should  be  done  in  all  parks  and 
grazing  fields  is  to  erect  rubbing  posts,  which  con- 
sist simply  of  a  section  of  a  rough  tree  pruned  of  its 
branches  (not  too  close),  and  sunk  2  or  3  feet  into 
the  ground.  Such  rubbing  posts  fulfil  a  twofold 
purpose— they  prevent  the  animals  from  rubbing 
against  the  trees,  gates,  and  fences,  which  they  greatly 
destroy,  and  affjrd  much  pleasure  and  comfort  to  the 
animals,  which  in  effect  is  to  induce  them  to  thrive 
better.    C.   Y.  Michie,  Cullen  Home,  July  10. 


THE  BROWN,  OR  SMALL,  SWIFT 

MOTH. 
We  here  illustrate  ( Sg.  23)  the  transformations  of  one 
of  the  most  destructive  of  our  native  insects,  the  cater- 
pillars of  which  are  quite  as  injurious  to  many  growing 
vegetables  as  the  larva;  of  the  Ileart-and-Djirt  Moth, 
Agrostis  tritici  (or  exclamationis).  The  caterpillar, 
here  represented  of  the  natural  size,  when  full  grown, 
at  the  close  of  the  year  and  early  spring,  is  of  a  white 
colour,  with  a  bright  chestnut-red  head.     It  is  of  a 


more  slender  form  than  is  usual  with  the  surface  grubs, 
as  the  caterpillars  which  feed  on  plants  just  beneath  the 
surface  of  the  earth  are  called  ;  it  is  furnished  with 
the  usual  number  of  legs,  namely,  three  pairs  of  pec- 
toral legs  attached  to  the  first  three  segments  of  the 
body  after  the  head,  four  pairs  of  ventral  clasper-legs, 
and  two  anal  claspers  ;  the  body  is  very  sparingly 
clothed  with  short  single  bristles.  The  head,  and 
the  first,  second,  and  part  of  the  third  segments  of  the 
body,  are  represented  in  the  upper  right-hand  figure 
of  our  woodcut  more  highly  magnified. 

One  of  our  correspondents  ("  B.  W.")  sent  us  some 
portions  of  roots  of  the  Hoteia  (Spiraea)  japonica  with 
several  of  these  caterpillars,  which  had  gnawed  and 
riddled  the  roots,  as  shown  in  our  upper  left-hand 
figure.  AnothercorrespondentC'T.  W.")sentanumber 
of  the  caterpillars,  which  were  "devastating  many  of 
his  plants,"  of  which  he  gave  a  list,  including  the  fol- 
lowing species  : — Achillea  ptarmica  and  serrata.  Cam- 
panula glomerata,  dahurica  and  Van  Houttei,  Buph- 
thalmum  salicifolium.  Ranunculus  aconitifolius  and 
amplexicaulis,  Convallaria  majalis,  Trollius,  different 
varieties  ;  Scabiosa  caucasica ;  Primula,  different 
varieties  ;  Thalictrura,  different  varieties  ;  and  Paeo- 
nias,  different  varieties.  They  are  also  destructive  to 
pot  plants.  Strawberries,  Parsnip,  Beans,  Lettuce, 
Potato,  Celery,  and  grass  roots,  and  we  have  found 
them  devouring  the  young  and  tender  shoots  of  Chry- 
santhemums before  they  have  found  their  way  above  the 


surface  of  the  earth.  They  form  an  elongate  oval  cell  in 
the  earth  for  the  cocoon  in  which  they  change  to  shining 
reddish-brown  chrysalids,  which  are  longer  than  usual, 
and  are  furnished  with  short  bristles  on  the  rings  of 
the  body  (see  lower  right-hand  figure  in  our  woodcut), 
which  enable  them  to  wriggle  upwards  to  the  surface, 
when  ready  to  transform  to  perfect  insects. 

The  moth  is  here  represented  of  the  natural  size, 
but  the  specimen  selected  for  representation  is  much 
more  strongly  marked  with  whitish  spots  and  stripes 
than  usual,  being  generally  much  more  suffused  with 
brown  scales,  whence  the  specific  name  of  fuscus,  or 
the  brown  swift,  was  given  to  the  more  common 
variety  by  the  late  Mr.  Haworth.  Other  varieties 
have  been  named  nebulosus,  the  spotted  silver  swift ; 
obliquus,  the  silver  swift ;  and  angulum,  the  tawny 
swift,  by  the  same  writer,  who  was  famous  for  making 
species  out  of  varieties  of  common  insects.  The  more 
ancient  name  of  lupulinus  given  to  the  species  by  Lin- 
n.iejs  has,  however,  prevailed.  The  moth  is  extremely 
active  on  the  wing,  flying  in  the  twilight  with  great 
velocity,  whence  all  the  species  of  the  genu;  to  which 
it  belongs,  are  termed  swifts.  This  genus  was  named 
Ilepialus  by  Fabricius,  and  includes  as  its  typical 
species  the  large  species  vulgarly  known  as  the 
Ghost  moth,  Hepialus  humuli  of  Linnaeus,  the  male  of 
which  is  pure  white,  and  the  female  tawny-orange 
with  darker  markings.  The  caterpillar  feeds  on  the 
roots  of  Hops  and  grasses,  and  the  common  name  by 
which  it  is  known  owes  its  origin  to  the  white  male 
being  often  seen  in  grassy  churchyards,  hovering, 
pendulum-fashion,  over  graves,  amongst  the  rank 
grass  among  which,  the  female  moth  is  quietly  resting, 
/.  O.  IV. 


\n 


nm. 


TAKING  THE  HONEY. 
I  AM  now  going  to  address  those  happy  people  to 
whom  is  allotted  the  task  of  taking  the  honey.  I  say 
happy,  in  a  twofold  sense,  for,  firstly  of  the  first,  as 
Moses  said  in  the  Fuar  of  Wakcfichi.  some  people 
will  find  there  is  none  the  bees  can  spare  ;  and 
secondly  of  the  second  (that's  my  own),  where 
they  can  spare  it,  we  can  get  the  honey  with- 
out doing  as  my  good  old  Wiltshire  mother  used 
to  do — burn  the  bees.  The  season  cannot  by  any 
possible  means  now  be  a  good  one,  and  only  those 
who  fed  their  bees  during  the  cold  and  dreary  days 
of  June  will  find  there  is  a  surplus.  The  bees  must 
be  kept  up  in  strength,  and  then  if  the  honey  season 
only  lasts  a  fortnight  amazing  quantities  will  be 
brought  in.  One  of  the  simplest  ways  of  taking  the 
supers  off  is  to  take  a  piece  of  calico  and  saturate  it 
well  in  pure  carbolic  acid  and  warm  water,  one  part 
of  acid  to  twenty  of  water.  Go  to  a  hive,  uncover 
the  supers,  and  simply  lay  the  wet  rag  over  them. 
Of  course,  directly  you  uncover  the  bees  they  will 
come  forward,  and  endeavour  to  inquire  after  your 
health,  but  do  it  with  promptness  and  decision  and  the 
bees  will  beat  a  retreat.  So  much  do  they  dislike  the 
smell  that  the  boxes  will  be  empty,  or  nearly  so,  in  a 
couple  of  minutes.  Then  take  the  box  quietly  off. 
Vou  will  be  sure  to  find  it  stuck  down.  Do  not  pull 
it  up  suddenly,  or  you  would  pull  up  the  frames  as 
well,  and  then  great  anger  would  follow,  but  twist 
the  box  a  little  one  way  and  then  another  till  you 
find  it  quite  loose,  then  lift  it  off  and  put  it  in  a  dark 
box.  I  keep  a  large  box  for  the  purpose.  Light  is 
excluded  from  every  part  of  the  box  except  a  little 
hole  about  halt  an  inch  in  diameter  at  the  top.  In 
this  hole  is  inserted  a  pipe  made  of  perforated  zinc, 
and  16  inches  long.  Vou  can  put  any  amount  of 
honey  and  bees  in  a  box  of  this  sort,  and  you  could 
stand  it  in  the  middle  of  your  apiary.  The  bees  will 
soon  fly  out  of  the  top  of  the  pipe,  and  the  box  will 
not  have  a  bee  left  in  it.  Vou  might  think  that 
robber  bees  would  get  in,  but  they  do  not.  Robber 
bees  are  something  like  human  robbers,  i.e.,  they 
make  mistakes.  They  endeavour  to  get  into  the  box, 
but  have  no  sense  to  fly  to  the  top  of  the  pipe  and  go 
down  it.  They  climb  up  some  other  way,  and  keep 
on  endeavouring  to  get  through  the  holes  of  the  per- 
forated zinc,  which,  of  course,  is  impossible.  When 
the  bees  are  all  gone  you  can  carry  the  honey  trium- 
phantly away.  My  box  is  made  to  carry  frames  as 
well.     If  the  frames  contain  any  bees  they  depart  out 


ii8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[July  24,  1886. 


of  the  pipe  Ihe  same  way  as  described  above. 
Another  time  I  hope  to  speak  of  other  traps  for  bees, 
and  also  the  best  way  to  lake  out  frames  of  honey- 
comb from  the  hives.    Waller  Chilly,  Pewsey. 


j40ME     jjOF5F(E3PONDENCE. 


Seeds  Transported  by  Insects. — It  is  always 
well  to  record  singular  facts  that  occur  in  Nature,  and 
I  would  ask  you  to  allow  me  to  do  so  in  this  instance. 
Some  fresh  seed  of  Cyanophyllum  was  sown  in  the 
stove,  and  much  to  our  surprise  none  appeared  to 
germinate  ;  in  a  short  time  we  found  that,  in  pots 
near  to  the  pan  and  also  in  pols  on  the  other  side  of 
the  stove,  there  were  healthy  plants  of  the  Cyano- 
phyllum growing  with  other  plants,  showing  that 
some  insect  had  transported  the  seed.  We  put  this 
action  down  to  ants,  and  one  is  led  to  suppose  that 
the  seed  contains  some  property  that  they  are  partial 
to  or  they  would  not  have  gone  to  so  much  trouble, 
T.  Christy,  Malvern  House,  Sydeniiain,  Ji:/y  14. 

Colour  Inheritance. — Last  autumn,  when  at 
Glen  Eyre,  Southampton,  I  obtained  cuttings  of 
one  of  the  bluest  6owered  Hydrangeas  I  ever  saw. 
I  purposed  testing  the  effect  of  our  soil  here  in 
respect  of  floral  coloration,  and  have,  now  that  one 
of  the  plants  is  in  bloom,  evidence  that  the  beautiful 
blue  tint  has  departed,  and  only  the  normal  hue  of 
pink  remains.  I  must  say  I  did  not  expect  anything 
else,  but  still  thought  the  experiment  worth  making. 
The  question  remains,  What  peculiarity  is,  there  in  the 
Hydrangea  that  diverse  soils  should  thus  affect  colora- 
tion of  its  flowers?  Are  there  any  other  plants,  the 
flowers  of  which  are  similarly  affected  by  diverse 
soils,  and  if  so  which  are  they?  The  soil  which 
produces  blue  Hydrangeas  has  not  yet  been  known  to 
produce  the  anxiously-Iooked-for  blue  Dahlia  or  I\ose. 
After  all  it  seems  uncertain  [not  at  all]  whether  the 
coloured  portions  of  the  Hydrangea  are  really  flowers 
or  but  coloured  bracts  of  foliage.  If  it  be  the  latter 
then  the  curious  variations  in  colour  to  which  these 
are  subject  may  be  explained.  With  respect  to  the 
peculiarity  alluded  to  at  p.  82,  of  a  black  Grape  pro- 
ducing white  fruited  progeny,  no  information  is  given 
as  to  the  other  parent — assuming  that  it  had  one  other, 
and  perhaps  it  was  a  white  one.  It  is  well  known 
that  the  pollen  parent  as  a  rule  exercises  the  greatest 
force  upon  the  cross  effected.  I  have  a  case  now  in 
which  seed  from  a  purple  Potato  crossed  with  a  red 
Potato  has  produced  seedlings  having  white  tubers, 
but  Potatos  in  their  progeny  are  very  erratic.  A.  D., 
Bcdfont. 

Iris  filifolia. — Amongst  many  bulbs  sent  to  me 
about  this  time  last  year,  collected  by  my  son  near 
Gibraltar,  were  three  bulbs  of  Iris  filifolia,  which  he 
found  growing  in  exposed  crevices  near  the  summit  of 
the  rock.  I  have  heard  that  this  species  is  not  hardy 
in  England,  but  I  planted  them  all  in  sheltered 
crevices  exposed  to  the  south,  and  so  narrow  that  the 
bulb  touched  the  rock  on  both  sides,  and  all  flowered 
well  at  the  end  of  June.  Iris  filifolia  in  general 
habit  is  not  unlike  Iris  (Xiphium)  lusitanica,  but  has 
slenderer  leaves.  The  flowers  are  purplish-blue,  with 
a  line  of  clear  dark  yellow  running  down  the  centre 
of  the  falls.   C.  Wolley  Dod,  London,  July  17. 

Foxgloves.— At  the  Botanical  Gardens,  Hull, 
Mr.  P.  McMahon,  the  Curator,  has  a  very  fine  strain 
indeed,  and  the  long  and  massive  spikes  of  blossoms 
are  objects  of  great  beauty  just  now.  The  variety  of 
colours  is  as  remarkable  as  the  size  and  rich  marking 
of  the  flowers,  especially  the  spots  and  blotches  in  the 
throats  of  the  blossoms  ;  the  white  flowers  are 
variously  spotted  with  dark  brown  acd  black,  the 
purple  flowers  are  finely  marked  in  the  same  way,  and 
there  are  some  other  very  pleasing  shades.  Mr. 
McMahon  uses  the  Foxglove  as  an  edging  to  clumps 
of  shrubbery,  and  the  spikes  of  bloom  are  thrust  up 
and  through  the  outermost  fringe  of  branches.  Some 
of  the  spikes  of  bloom  would  measure  4  and  5  feet  in 
length.  Foxgloves  can  be  sown  now,  but  it  is  best  if 
done  in  March  and  April,  so  that  the  plants  may  be 
strong  and  thoroughly  established  by  early  summer 
the  following  year.  R.  D. 

The  Boiler  Competition  at  Liverpool.— In 
your  paper  of  the  loth  inst.  I  observe  an  article  on 
the  subject  of  the  recent  horticultural  boiler  contest 
at  Liverpool,  in  which  my  name  is  mentioned  as  a 
competitor,  and  inasmuch  as  the  article  contains 
statements  which  are  somewhat  erroneous,  will  you 
allow  me  a  small  space  to  correct  them  ?  In  the  first 
place,  I  must  mention,  in  the  2000  feet  contest  Ihe 
following  rules  should  have  been  observed,  namely  : 
—Rule  5,  that  the  rise  in  100  feet  should  not  be 
more  that  6  inches;  and  Rule  6,  that  no  boiler  should 
have  more  than  one  flow  and  two  returns.  Both  of 
these  rules  I  strictly  complied  with,  but  my  two  com- 
petitors did  not  observe   them,   and  whilst   accom- 


panying the  judges  taking  the  levels,  they  observed 
this  infringement,  and  commented  upon  it  ;  and  why, 
under  the  rules,  they  were  not  excluded  from  com- 
petition, I  was,  and  still  am,  at  a  loss  to  know.  I 
protested  against  this  noncompliance  with  the  rules, 
both  before  and  after  the  decision,  but  without  effect, 
and  should  be  glad  to  know  why  my  protest  has  not 
been  noticed,  or  some  satisfactory  reason  given  why 
these  breaches  of  the  rules  in  question  were  over- 
looked ?  I  would  also  observe  that  my  boiler  is  not 
a  saddle,  but  a  longitudinal  tubular  boiler  of  slow 
combustion.  The  size  is  4  feet  4  inches  .  3  leet  3 
inches,  compared  with  the  olhtr  competitors,  6  feet 
long  each.  The  following  is  a  correct  statement 
of  the  heat,  ascertained  by  Ihermometeri  as  taken 
on  the  ground,  and  which  speaks  for  itself,  showing 
by  the  heat  obtained  that  each  competitor  did  his 
utmost  to  ascertain  the  greatest  heat  each  boikr  was 
capable  of  producing  :  — 

Wood. 


Time, 

Thermometer. 

Total. 

13.30 

■M 

84 

90 

lAi 

7-K 

2.50 

88 

93 

74 

74 

328 

1. 10 

126 

116 

82 

82 

4,6 

1.30 

132 

I!6 

92 

92 

442 

5.30 

156 

150 

122 

122 

550 

4  30 

16S 

162 

130 

130 

Sin 

6.30 

156 

132 

124 

124 

S5<; 

Twelve  liours  banking 


Mu 

Time. 

Thermometer. 

Tot.il. 

12  30  p 

^1 

82 

S3 

72 

66 

12.50 

105 

100 

77 

74 

356 

1. 10 

120 

124 

104 

76 

4'4 

1.30 

126 

126 

84 

98 

430 

2.30 

130 

130 

108 

120 

4S8 

4  30 

n8 

.46 

124 

"4 

532 

6.30 

146 

148 

118 

130 

542 

the  hours'  baiikir 


Foster  &*  Pearson. 


Time. 

Thermometer. 

, 

Total. 

12.30  p 

«' 

82 

80 

73 

75 

12.50 

90 

S3 

74 

76 

325 

1. 10 

120 

108 

73 

78 

3S4 

I  .10 

120 

no 

82 

82 

304 

2.30 

.46 

133 

106 

io3 

4<jS 

4.30 

,33 

126 

104 

106 

474 

6.30 

1,6 

134 

loS 

no 

494 

8.0 

142 
Twelv 

132 

e  houi 

s'  banki 

112 

49S 

8.0   A. 

' 

88 

S2 

73 

75 

3.S 

Total  Result?.. 
Mr.  Wood,  Bristol 
Messrs.  Mee,  Liverpool 
Messrs.  Foster  &  Pearson,  Beeslc 
Thomas  Wood, 


3846° 
3636" 
3385° 


Books  on  Colour.  — One  of  the  best  and  cheapeit 
works  on  colour  known  to  me  is  the  new  edition  of 
Field's  Chromatography^  by  J.  Scott  Taylor,  11.  A. 
(Camb.),  published  at  5j.  by  Winsor  &  Newton, 
Rathbone  Place,  \V.,  or  obtainable  of  any  colourman. 
It  has  four  coloured  plates  or  charts  of  colours.  At 
the  same  time  there  are  no  doubt  some  other  good 
modern  books  or  colour  charts  which  might  possibly 
prove  of  equal  service  to  gardeners,  bolanists,  or 
florists,  were  they  as  well  known  to  them  as  they 
doubtless  are  to  artists.  Reichenbach  adheres,  I 
believe,  to  Winsor  &  Newton's  standard.  It  must  be 
remembered  in  all  questions  of  this  kind  that  colour 
is  of  relative  value  only  as  seen  in  flowers  and  pictures, 
every  tint  being  either  strengthened  or  weakened  by 
that  nearest  to  it  ;  thus,  while  white  heightens 
the  tone  of  colours  near  it,  black,  on  the  other 
hand,  weakens  them.  Again,  as  the  Editor  pointed 
out  last  week  in  a  footnote,  colour  is  so  subtle  in  its 
variations  that  probably  no  two  persons  see  colour 
exactly  alike,  and  even  if  they  do  so,  now  and  then 
there  is  the  ditliculty  of  nomenclature  to  be  met  and 
accounted  for,  since  a  hue  one  person  calls  pale  blue 
another  speaks  of  as  bluish  lilac,  another  as  slate 
colour  or  French  grey,  and  so  on  ad  infinitum.     The 


varieties  of  colours  — ?*.;•.,  tints  or  hues— being  infi- 
nite, it  follows  that  no  one  chart  can  serve  to  illus- 
trate these,  hence  the  difl'iculty  of  fixing  a  standard 
scale  of  both  colours  and  names.  The  work  men- 
tioned above  (Scott  Taylor's  edition)  is  the  best  I 
know  on  the  subject,  being  a  standard  one  amongst 
artists,  and  so  of  course  not  less  useful  to  gardeners, 
bolanists,  and  manufacturers.  F.  W.  BurhiJoe,  F.L.S. 
[We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  work  in  question,  on 
which  we  shall  report  later  on,     Ed  ] 

Darwinian  Idea  in  Ancient  Saxon  Times. — 
The  E-Xcta-  Bock,  published  by  the  Society  of  Anii- 
quarie?,  shows  that  there  was  a  paraphrase  in  Saxon 
verse  of  a  book  of  animals,  dating  from  the  early 
part  of  the  eleventh  century.  There  is  a  French 
metrical  translation  of  this  by  Philip  de  Thaun,  ao 
Anglo-Norman  poet,  dating  about  1121.  Philip  de 
Thaun,  in  describing  the  eagle,  says  it  can  look 
straight  at  the  sun,  when  at  its  brightest,  without 
blinking.  The  author  says  the  eagle  has  acquired 
this  singular  property  by  always  taking  the  very 
young  birds  from  the  nest  and  compelling  them  to 
gaze  at  the  sun  ;  such  young  birds  as  could  gaze  at 
the  light  without  flinching  were  preserved  by  the 
mother,  and  such  as  could  not  do  so  were  discarded, 
and  not  brought  up.  P^y  this  continual  process  of 
selection  a  race  of  tagles  wa';  evolved  capable  of 
gazing  straight  into  the  sun  !    /K  G.  S. 

Violas  as  Summer  Bedding  Plants.— Two 
notable  illustrations  of  the  value  of  Violas  as  bedding 
plan's  in  summer  have  c  >me  under  my  notice  of  late, 
and  they  serve  to  illustrate  the  value  of  these  hardy 
and  easily  managed  plants  in  making  an  effective 
display.  One  is  to  be  seen  at  Messrs.  Collins  Bros, 
i^t  Gabriel's  nursery  at  Hampton,  Middlesex.  The 
Violas  here  are  really  splendid  and  enduring  masses 
of  flower,  and  when  planted  by  Mr.  Jenkins,  the  fore- 
man at  the  nursery,  he  placed  a  good  dressing  of  cow- 
dung  at  the  bottom  of  the  bed,  and  planted  the 
Violas  over  it.  When  the  dry  weather  set  in  the  soil 
about  the  Violas  was  covered  with  a  surfacing  of 
decayed  Narcisfu;  foliage,  keeping  the  surface  cool 
and  moist.  The  plants  are  in  a  fully  exposed 
position,  and  it  may  be  accepted  as  a  clearly  ascer- 
tained fact,  that  Violas  will  stand  a  good  deal  of 
drought,  provided  they  have  something  good  to  root 
into.  The  phn  of  placing  a  layer  of  cow-dung  cr 
any  good  manure  beneath  the  surface  is  a  good  one  ; 
it  not  only  gives  the  plants  something  holding  to  root 
into,  but  ic  ensures  a  cool  bottom  also.  The  varieties 
used  at  Hampton  are  (^ueen  of  Lilacs,  Countess  of 
Kintore,  deep  blue  -  purple  and  white;  Archie 
Grant,  rosy-purple  ;  True  Blue,  clear  blue  ; 
Ardwell  Gem,  sulphur-yellow  ;  Golden  Queen 
of  Spring,  pale  yellow,  remarkably  free;  Countess  of 
Hopetoun,  pure  white;  Lidy  Polwattb,  pure  white  ; 
and  Elegans,  mulberry.  In  the  beautiful  public  park 
at  Wolverhampton,  Violas  are  used  by  Mr.  Thomas, 
the  Superintendent,  with  great  effect.  They  are 
mainly  employed  as  edgings  to  shrubbery  borde^p, 
and  they  can  be  seen  in  long  broad  lines,  blooming 
so  freely  that  the  foliage  is  almost  hidden  from  view. 
Some  were  planted  last  autumn,  oihers  in  the  autumn 
of  18S4  or  the  spring  of  1S85.  Particularly  striking 
and  effective  are  the  Tory — a  very  fragrant  form  of 
Lutea  grandiflora,  Holyrood,  Queen  of  Spring, 
Dean's  White  Bedder,  and  one  or  two  others.  Bed* 
are  also  filled  in  the  same  way,  and  they  are  very 
effective  also.  Some  fancy  Pansies  are  largely  used, 
especially  a  well-known  variety  named  Thoma? 
Granger,  which  can  be  seen  flowering  in  dense 
masses.  Common     annuals,      Foxgloves,     Sweet 

Williams,  &c.,  the  latter  especially,  are  largely  used, 
and  one  realised  how  valuable  they  are  for  decorative 
purposes  when  used  in  a  mass.  The  admirable 
manner  io  which  the  park  is  kppt  reflects  the  highest 
credit  upon  Mr.  Thomas,  /v'.  D. 

Hardiness  of  the  Himalayan  Hemlock 
Spruce  in  Hampshire. — I  enclose  a  few  sprays 
with  new  and  old  cones  of  Abies  Brunoniana.  The 
tree  from  which  they  were  taken  is  about  20  feet 
high,  and  has  been  planted  out  about  twenty-five 
years  in  very  poor  gravelly  soil,  but  somewhat  shel- 
tered by  other  trees,  Wm,  Henry  /iO^ers^  Red  Lodge 
Nursery^  Southampton. 


"pRUIT      J^OTEg. 

P1N'E-.\PPI.E  NECT.^RIN'E. 
On  looking  over  the  gatdens  at  Warwick  Cislle 
the  other  day  I  observed  in  one  of  the  Peach-hou£es 
the  above  Neclatine,  bearing  a  crop  of  wonder'ully 
fine  fruit.  Mr.  Christie  informed  me  he  had  been 
gathering  off  the  same  tree  for  some  time,  and  some 
of  the  individual  fruits  he  had  weighed  had  turned 
the  scale  at  %\  oz.  Is  this  not  an  exceptional  weight 
for   Fioe-apple   Nectarine?     I   send   you   by   parcel 


July  24,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


119 


post  two  fruits  gathered  to-day,  and  which  weigh 
7i  oz.  and  6^  oz.  respectively  ;  the  samples  sent  are 
not  picked,  but  the  (ruit  all  over  the  tree  are  in  equally 
fine  condition,  and  dozens  could  be  gathered  equal  to 
what  I  have  sent.  RoU.  GreenficU,  Friory  Gardens. 

[Very  fine  samples  indeed,  but  the  heat  and  the 
cotton-wool  had  unfortunately  made  them  uneatable. 
The  fruit  measured  3  inches  in  diameter.   Ed.] 

Afi'LE  Kambour  Mortier. 
This  Apple  was  raised  by  M.  Mortier,  and  is,  says 
the  Bullelin  d'Arhoriciilturi,  an  excellent  market 
Apple.  The  tree  is  vigorous,  hardy,  symmetrical, 
and  prolific  ;  the  fruit  large,  slightly  conical,  yellow 
streaked  with  red.  Flesh  yellowish,  juicy,  soft, 
aromatic.     Season  February  to  April. 


mtiuim. 


HULL,    EAST     RIDING      AND      NORTH 
LINCOLNSHIRE:  July  14,  15,  16. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  the  Society  took  place  in 
the  Botanic  Gardens,  Hull,  on  the  above  dates,  but 
under  manifest  difficulties,  for,  though  the  weather 
was  fine  and  bright,  the  wind  blew  with  terrific  force 
from  the  Humber,  and  so  affected  the  stability  of  the 
tents  that  all  the  fruit  had  to  be  removed  from  that 
in  which  it  was  staged  ;  and  one  of  the  long  plant 
tents,  that  containing  the  choicest  plants,  had  a  por- 
tion of  the  roof  torn  into  strips  to  the  great  concern 
of  the  exhibitors,  and  damage  to  ihe  visitors.  The 
exhibits  were  arranged  in  four  tents,  two  of  them  very 
large  ones.  Some  good  features  were  present,  and 
the  fineness  of  the  day  brought  a  good  attendance 
of  visitors.  The  mishap  to  the  tents  occurred  just 
before  the  completion  of  the  judging,  and  reporting 
became  a  ditTicuIt  matter.  The  arrangements  of  the 
show  were  carried  out  by  Mr.  Philip  MacMahon,  the 
Curator  of  the  Botanic  Garden^,  and  his  colleagues  ; 
and  had  the  wind  been  less  violent,  everything  would 
have  proved  enjoyable.  The  Botanic  Gardens  are 
extremely  gay  just  now,  and  visitors  had  the  privilege 
of  walking  about  them. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

One  of  the  leading  classes  was  that  for  ten  flowering 
and  six  foliaged  plants,  Mr.  James  Cypher,  nursery- 
man, Cheltenham,  teing  the  onlyexhibilor,  and  staged 
a  fine  lot,  consisting  of  Clerodendron  lialfourianum, 
Erica  venosa,  E.  ferruginea  major,  E.  tricolor  ma)or, 
Ixora  salicifoUa,  I.  Pilgrimi,  Anlhurium  Scherzeri- 
anum,  Allamanda  nobilis,  Bougainvillea  glabra, 
Croton  Prince  of  Wales,  and  C.  Sunset,  Kentia 
Canterburyana,  K.  Fosteriana,  Cycas  revoluta,  &c. 
Mr.  W.  G,  Nation,  gr.  to  W.  GIossop,  Esq., 
Endsleigh,  Hull,  had  the  best  six  plants  ;  and  Mrs. 
Ross,  Hull,  was  2d,  Mr.  Nalioa  also  had  the  best 
three  plants. 

Mr.  A.  K.  Greene,  gr.  to  Sir  A.  K.  RoUitt.  Hull, 
had  the  best  specimen  plant  in  flower,  staging  a  huge 
yellow  Picotee,  well  grown,  and  laden  with  bloom  ; 
Mr.  Nation  being  2d,  with  a  fine  Hydrangea  hor- 
tensis. 

In  the  amateurs'  classes  small  but  neatly  grown 
plants  were  shown  ;  Mr,  J.  Melbourne,  Hull,  had  the 
best  twenty ;  and  Mr.  J.  Long  the  best  ten. 

Orchids. 

Mr.  Cypher  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  six  plants, 
having  neat  and  nicely-flowered  examples  of  Sacco- 
labium  Blumei,  Dendrobium  infundibulum  and  a 
darker  centred  variety  ;  Cattleya  Mossi.-e,  C.  Mendelii, 
and  Cypripedium  Laurenceanum. 

FiNE-FOLIAGED    PLANTS. 

Mr.  Green  had  the  best  ten  ornamental  plants, 
staging  fine  examples  of  Cocos  flexuosus,  Cibotium 
regale,  Areca  VerschatTeltii,  Latania  borbonica, 
Alsophila  excelsa,  Anthurium  regale,  &c.  ;  Mr.  R. 
Simpson,  nurseryman,  Selby,  was  2d,  with  smaller 
plants.  J.  Glos5op,  E.q.,  Hull,  had  the  best  three 
plants,  Mr.  R.  F.  Jameson,  Hull,  being  2d.  The  best 
specimen  plant  was  a  superb  specimen  of  Phyllanthus 
nivosus  from  Mr.  Nation  ;  Mr.  Greene  coming  2d 
with  Dasylirion  acrotrichum.  Mr.  A.  Leadbetter, 
gr.  to  A.  Wilson,  Esq..  Tranby  Croft,  Hull,  had  the 
best  four  Palms,  very  good  specimens  indeed,  fresh 
and  even,  bnt  unnamed  ;  Mr.  Greene  being  2d. 
Coleuses  were  fairly  well  shown. 

Ferns. 
Some  good  tree  Ferns  were  shown  by  Messrs. 
Greene,  Simpson,  and  others ;  exotic  Ferns  were 
small,  but  clean  and  healthy  ;  and  Lycopodiums  were 
nicely  shown  by  the  Rev.  Canon  Newton,  of  Hull. 
Mr.  R.  SimpsoD  had  the  best  twelve  hardy  Ferns. 


Gkoups  arranged  for  Effect. 

These  were  the  leading  feature,  and  made  a  fine 
display  in  one  of  the  large  tents.  The  best  to  fill  a 
space  of  200  feet  came  (rom  Mr.  Greene,  and  this 
showed  much  more  artistic  merit  than  either  of  the 
others,  overcrowding  being  a  common  fault  ;  Mr.  G. 
Cottam,  Hall  Gate,  Cottingham,  was  2d;  and  Mr, 
R.  Simpson  3d. 

Mr.  Cottam  had  the  best  group  to  fill  a  space  of 
103  feet  ;  Mr.  Simpson  being  2d,  and  Mr.  Greene  3d, 

Miscellaneous  Flowering  Plants. 

These  included  Pelargoniums  of  various  types, 
Fuchsias,  tuberous-rooted  Begonias,  bedding  plants, 
&c. ;  they  were  numerous,  but  not  of  a  nature  to  call 
for  special  remark. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Of  these  there  were  a  good  lot,  but  the  unfortunate 
accident  to  the  tent  prevented  the  taking  of  notes. 
Cut  Roses  were  a  good  feature,  and  some  capital 
blooms  were  shown.  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son, 
nurserymen,  Bedale,  had  the  best  thirty-six  Roses  ; 
Messrs.  G.  Swailes  &  Son,  Beverley,  being  2d. 

Mr.  J.  Fisher  had  the  best  twenty-four;  Mr.  H. 
May,  iiedale,  being  2d. 

Mr.  May  had  the  best  twelve  ;  Mr.  H.  Norton 
being  2d.  Mr.  H.  Stourton,  J.  P.,  Holme  Hall, 
Hull,  had  the  best  basket  of  Roses,  Mr.  J,  Fisher 
being  2d. 

Bunches  of  hardy  perennials,  and  also  of  hardy 
annuals,  shown  in  twelves,  made  a  pretty  display. 
Mr.  A.  Wilson,  J.  P.,  and  Mr.  G.  Cottam,  took  the 
leading  prizes. 

The  only  exhibitor  of  cut  Orchids  was  Mr.  J, 
Cypher,  who  staged  a  very  fine  lot. 

Pansies,  Phloxes,  and  Carnations,  were  also  shown. 

Fruit. 
Mr.  Leadbetter  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  a  collec- 
tion of  fruit.  The  best  collection  of  eight  bunches  of 
Grapes,  not  less  than  four  varieties,  came  from  The 
Gardens,  Dalton  Hall,  Hull,  the  gardener.  Mr.  }. 
Allsop  ;  Mr.  J.  H.  Shaw  being  2d,  Mr.  Shaw  had 
the  best  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  Mr.  Allsop 
being  2d  ;  while  Mr.  Nation  had  the  largest  bunch  of 
Grapes.  Other  fruit  consisted  of  Melons,  Peaches, 
Cherries,  Strawberries,  &c. 

Vegetables 
were  a  good  feature,  some  of  the  leading  prizes  going 
to   Mr.    Clark,    of  Studley    Royal.     Cottagers    also 
exhibited  vegetables,   and  very   creditably  too,   not' 
withstanding  the  backwardoes  of  the  season. 


NOTTINGHAM  HORTICULTURAL  AND 
BOTANICAL  :  July  14  and  15. 

The  Society  held  its  summer  show  in  the  pic- 
turesque grounds  of  Mapperly  Park.  The  exhibition 
collectively  was  a  good  one,  each  department,  in- 
cluding plants,  cut  flowers,  and  fruit,  being  well 
represented.  One  of  the  best  features  of  the  show 
was  the  groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect  which 
filled  the  greater  part  of  two  large  tents,  and  the 
winning  groups  were  remarkably  well  arranged. 

For  a  group  occupying  255  superficial  square  feet, 
first  honours  in  this  class  went  to  Mr.  Lyon,  gr.  to 
Viscount  Ossington,  Ossington  Hall,  Newark,  who 
had  a  good  group  well  put  together,  the  plants  used 
being  suitable  for  the  purpose,  and  well  chosen  as 
regards  colour:  2d,  Mr.  S.  Thacker,  Nottingham, 
who  also  had  a  well-arranged  group  ;  3d,  Mr.  Ward, 
gr.  to  T.  H.  Oakes,  Esq.,  Riddings  Park,  Alfreton, 
Deiby.  The  smaller  groups,  occupying  a  space  of 
123  super  feet,  were  also  very  well  done  ;  Mr.  Massey, 
gr.  to  Alderman  Lambert,  Mapperley  Hall,  taking 
the  lead  with  one  of  the  best  examples  of  this  style  of 
arrangement  that  has  come  under  our  notice^lightly 
and  beautifully  put  together  ;  2d,  Mr.  Swanwick,  gr. 
to  Colonel  Seeley,  Sherwood  Lodge,  who  likewise 
showed  well. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  class  for  six,  three  flowering  and  three  fine- 
foliage,  Mr.  Ward  was  well  in  front,  staging  a  good 
Ixora,  Erica,  and  Kalosanthes,  associated  with  three 
handsome  foliage  examples  ;  2d,  Mr.  Meadows,  gr.  to 
C.  T-  Cox.  Esq.,  Rock  House,  Old  E  as  ford  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Lyon,  both  staging  fresh,  healthy  specimens. 

Single  specimen  flowering  stove  plant.  —  ist,  Messrs-. 
J.  R.  Pearson  iS;  Sons,  Chilwell,  Nottingham,  with  a 
large,  well  grown  example  of  Uipladenia  buliviensis. 

Single  specimen  flowering  greenhouse  plant.  —  ist, 
Mr.  Meadows  ;  2d,  Mr.  Attenborough,  gr.  to  W.  H. 
Farmer,  Esq.,  Alexandra  Park. 

Fine-foliage  Plants 
With  six,  Mr.  Meadows  was  1st,  having  in  a  nice 
collection  good  plants  of  Kentia  Belmoreana,  Areca 
rubra,  and  Latania  borbonica  ;  2d,  Mr.  Lyon.  Single 
specimen  foliage  plant. — ist,  Mr.  Thacker,  with  a 
large  Croton. 


Three  Coleus.  — 1st,  Mr.  Edington,  gr.  to  W.  H' 
Ashwell,  Esq.,  Woodthorpe  Grange,  Sherwood, 
with  large  specimens,  the  varieties  remarkably  distinct 
in  their  general  character,  an  essential  which  many 
exhibitors  of  these  and  other  plants,  of  which  there 
are  now  such  numbers  of  varieties,  do  not  always 
keep  sufiiciently  in  view  ;  2d,  Mr.  Attenborough. 

Three  Caladiums.  —  1st,  Mr.  Massey ;  2d,  Mr, 
Collins,  gr.  to  H.  ^L  Baines,  Esq.,  Eim  Bank,  Six 
dinner-table  plants.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Ward,  who  had  well- 
matched  examples,  right  as  to  size  ;  2d,  Mr.  Lyon, 
who  also  staged  very  pretty  plants. 

Tuberous  Begonias, 

With  a  nicely  flowered  half-dozen,  Mr.  Atten- 
borough was  1st  ;  Mr.  Collins  being  2d, 

Gloxinias  were  well  shown.  With  six  Mr.  Sutton, 
gr.  to  J.  Fisher,  Esq. .Fair  Lawn,  The  Park,  Notting- 
ham, had  1st,  staging  erect  varieties,  beautifully 
flowered  ;  2d,  Mr.  Brown,  gr.  to  Dr.  Powell,  who 
also  had  a  meritorious  collection. 

Orchids 
were  few  in  number.     1st,  Mr.  Meadows  with  three, 
staging   Oncidium   raacranthum,    Epidendrum    vitel- 
linum,  and  Cypripedium  barbatum. 

Single  Orchid.  — 1st,  Mr.  Kirk,  gr.  to  W.  J.  Wight- 
man,    Esq.,    Nottingham,    with    Stanhopea   insignis, 
nicely  flowered  ;  2d,  Mr.  Meadows. 
Ferns. 

Mr.  Lyon  was  1st  with  six,  staging  a  fresh  well 
grown  group,  consisting  of  Gymnogramma  chryso- 
phylla,  Davallia  Mooreana,  Adiantum  trapeziforme, 
Platycerium  alcicorne,  Asplenium  nidus  avis,  and 
Woodwardia  radicans  ;  Mr.  Meadows,  who  was  2d, 
also  had  a  pretty  group. 

Three  Ferns. — 1st,  Meadows. 

Two  Tree  Ferns. — With  these,  In  a  close  run,  Mr. 
Attenborough  took  1st,  having  two  beautiful  medium 
sized  examples  of  Cyathea  dealbata  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Ralphs,  gr.  to  J.  Booth,  with  two  specimens  of 
Dicksonia  antarctica. 

Lycopodiums  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Collins, 
who  had  finely  grown  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ralphs. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 

With  six  double  varieties  Mr.  Ralphs  took  the  lead, 
his  plants  being  well  grown  and  compact ;  2d,  Mr. 
Attenborough, 

Three  Fuchsias.  —  1st,  Mr.  Collins. 

Basket  of  plants  arranged  for  effect. — These  were 
well  done  ;  Mr.  Mee,  The  Gardens,  Woltaton  Park, 
Nottingham,  being  ist,  and  Mr.  Walker,  gr.  to  J.  W, 
Lewis,  Esq.,  Hardwick  House,  2d. 

Rustic  stand  arranged  with  Ferns.  —  ist,  Mr,  W,  A. 
Edwards,  Woodthorpe  Drive. 

Two  hanging  baskets.  —  1st,  Mr.  Attenborough, 
with  Hoya  bella,  and  Platycerium  alcicorne. 

Cut  I'^lowers. 

Roses  were  very  well  shown,  the  flowers  not  having 
suffered  as  they  have  done  further  south  for  want  of 
rain.  With  thirty-six  single  blooms,  Mr.  W.  H. 
Frettingham,  The  Nurseries,  Beeston,  had  1st  with  a 
good  stand  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Howe,  Nottingham,  who 
likewise  exhibited  well. 

Twenty-four  single  blooms. — 1st,  Mr,  J.  Howe, 
staging  a  beautiful  lot  of  flowers  ;  this  stand  con- 
tained the  premier  Rose  in  the  show,  a  splendid 
bloom  of  Countess  of  Rosebery  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hallam. 
Twelve  Roses,  —  1st,  Mr.  Hallam.  Six  Roses. — 1st, 
Mr.  J.  Foljambe.  Twelve  bunches  of  stove  and  green- 
house flowers.  Here  Mr.  Ward  took  the  lead,  putting 
up  large  bunches  of  good  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mee. 

Collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  flowers.  —  ist, 
Messrs.  Pearson  &  Sons,  whose  exhibit  contained 
a  fine  assortment  of  Delphiniums  and  other  favourite 
kinds  very  well  arranged  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mee. 

Fruit. 

The  fruits  shown  were  very  well  done  and  abund- 
ant, and  were  an  attractive  feature  of  the  show.  With 
six  dishes  Mr.  Edmonds,  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  St. 
Albans,  Bestwood  Lodge,  was  ist,  having  very  good 
Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  a  (^ueen  Pine,  Royal 
George  Peaches,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines,  Figs,  and 
a  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  Hussey  Packe, 
Esq.,  likewise  staging  a  good  collection,  the  best  of 
which  were  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria Grapes  and  a  Oueen  Pine;  3d,  Mr.  Ward, 
who  had  two  good  bunches  of  Muscat  Hamburgh 
Grapes. 

Two  bunches  of  black  Grapes. — 1st,  Mr.  Ward, 
with  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  medium  sized  bunches, 
perfectly  finished  in  every  respect  ;  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Forrest,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Fearfield,  Esq.,  Stapleford. 

Two  bunches  of  white  Grapes.  —  1st,  Mr.  D, 
Roberts,  with  nice  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Ward. 

Single  Pine. — 1st,  Mr,  Edmonds;  2d,  Mr.  Roberts, 
both  showing  Queens. 

Dish  of  Peaches. — 1st,  Mr.  Edmonds,  with  fine 
Royal  George ;  2d,  Mr.  Roberts. 


120 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


July  24    i8 


Dish  of  Nectarines. — 1st,  Mr,  Edmonds,  with  Lord 

Napier  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ward,  with  Violette  Hative. 

Scarlet-fleshed  Melon.  — 1st,  Mr.  Melville,  gr.  to 
W.  Hornsby,  Esq.,  St,  Vincent's,  Grantham ;  2d, 
Mr.  Edmonds. 

Green-fleshed  Melon, — 1st,  Mr.  Massey  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Walker. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Upper  Ilolloway,  received  a 
well  merited  commendation  for  a  large  and  beautiful 
group  of  miscellaneous  flowering  and  fine-leaved 
plants,  including  numerous  Orchids,  Ixoras,  Heaths, 
Lilies,  Amaryllis,  Anthuriums,  Palms,  Ferns,  Crotons, 
Nepenthes,  &c. 

Messrs.  Pearson  contributed  a  large  and  varied 
group  of  flowering  and  fine-leaved  plants,  and  also 
a  good  collection  of  hardy  Ferns,  amongst  them  being 
some  large  and  finely  grown  examples. 

From  Mr.  W.  Bardill,  nurseryman,  Stapleford, 
came  a  very  good  collection  of  evergreen  trees  and 
shrubs. 

Mr.  Don,  seedsman.  Chapel  Bar,  Nottingham, 
exhibited  a  number  of  wire  stands,  Fern  cases  and 
hanging  baskets,  nicely  arranged  with  suitable  plants, 
and  also  some  galvanised  handlights,  durable  and 
well  adapted  for  the  various  uses  to  which  appliances 
of  this  sort  can  be  turned. 


CHISWICK    HORTICULTURAL:    July  15 

This  Society  again  received  permission  to  hold  its 
show  in  the  gardens  of  the  Royal  HDrticultural 
Society.  The  weather  being  fine  and  not  too  hot 
there  was  a  fair  attendance  of  visitors.  The  show 
itself  assumed  proportions  larger  than  those  of  any 
previous  exhibition  of  the  Society,  and  was  generally 
acknowledged  to  be  the  finest  show  held  in  the  dis- 
trict during  the  present  season.  There  were  two  large 
marquees,  besides  the  great  vinery  and  another  large 
house,  which  were  well  filled  with  exhibits. 

Groups. 

One  tent  was  almost  completely  devoted  to  the 
groups  of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  which  are  always 
a  charming  feature  at  the  Chiswick  show,  the 
smooth,  well-kept  lawn  (on  which  the  tent  was 
erected)  serving  to  display  their  beauties  with  great 
effect. 

In  the  1st  class,  for  a  group  occupying  100  square 
feet,  the  1st  prize  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  Hooper 
&  Co.,  Twickenham,  for  a  very  pleasing  arrangement 
of  Palms,  Crotons,  Orchids,  Liliums,  Ferns,  &c., 
with  clumps  of  their  fine  rosy-pink  coloured  Petunia 
Empress,  which  was  particularly  telling.  Messrs  W. 
Fromow  &  Sons,  Sutton  Court  Nursery,  Chiswick, 
were  2d,  with  a  group  almost  equally  good,  the 
Orchids  being  especially  noticeable ;  3d,  Mr.  W. 
Brown,  Richmond. 

For  a  group  of  60  square  feet  Mr.  J.  Hudson,  gr. 
to  H.  J.  Atkinson,  Esq.,  Acton,  was  1st,  and 
Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Ealing, 
was  2d.     Both  groups  were  of  good  quality. 

Amongt  groups  not  for  competition  Messrs  C. 
Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  contributed  a  very  large 
and  extremely  interesting  collection  of  Palms,  Arau- 
caria  excelsa,  Dracaena,  Aralia  dactylifera,  standard 
Euonymus  and  variegated  Ivies,  Kalosanthes,  Roses, 
and  Statice  floribunda,  &c.  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  Messrs, 
Rothschild,  also  sent  a  remarkably  pretty  group, 
which  was  highly  commended.  Gladiolus  Colvillei, 
the  Pancratiums  being  very  prominent.  Mr.  May, 
gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Bute,  Chiswick,  also  sent  a 
good  group. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
These  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Bates,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Meek,  Twickenham,  being  ist,  Bougainvillea  glabra 
and  Dendrobium  clavatum  being  the  best  plants. 
Mr.  Chadwick  showed  a  particularly  fine  plant  of 
Statice  profusa  in  his  collection.  This  exhibitor  also 
staged  a  fine  lot  of  six  fine-foliaged  plants,  securing 
Ist  prize  with  them. 

Orchids 

were  fairly  well  shown,  the  ist  prize  being  awarded 
to  Mr.  H.  James,  Lower  Norwood  —  Cattleya 
Gaskelliana,  Aerides  Fieldingi,  Cattleya  Leopoldi, 
and  Cypripedium  barbatum  being  his  best  plants  ; 
2d,  H.  Little,  Esq.,  Kingston. 

Selaginellas 

formed  a  splendid  feature.  Mr.  Wright,  gr.  to  E.  H. 
Watts,  Esq.,  Devonhurst,  Chiswick,  staging  a 
remarkably  fine  lot  of  six  pyramidal  plants  some  3  feet 
in  height,  S.  cxsla,  S.  uncinata,  S.  Mertensi,  and  S. 
Kraussiana  being  the  best. 

Scarlet  Geraniums  and  Gloxinias 

were  well  shown  by  H.  G.  Lake,  Esq.,  and  Messrs, 
Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenham. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  fairly  well  shown,  the  best  stand  of 

twenty-four    coming  from    Mr.   Rumsey,   with    the 


usual  show  varieties ;  Mr.  Bunyard,  Ashford,  Kent, 
being  2d.  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son  and  Messrs.  J. 
Veitch  &  Son  exhibited  large  collections  of  fine 
blooms  not  for  competition, 

A  special  prize,  offered  by  the  Marquis  of  Bute,  for 
York  and  Lancaster  Roses,  brought  three  competitors, 
the  Ist  prize  being  awarded  to  Mr.  Fountain,  gr.  to 
Miss  Woods,  Ealing.  It  may  be  remarked  that 
although  these  prizes  have  been  offered  by  the 
Marquis  for  six  years  in  succession,  this  is  the  first 
time  that  there  has  been  any  competition  for  them. 
Gloxinias  were  particularly  well  shown. 

Prizes,  to  be  competed  for  by  the  Board  School 
children,  were  offered  for  the  best  arranged  bunch  of 
flowers,  and  another  for  wild  flowers,  and  brought 
forward  a  large  number  of  youthful  competitors. 

Table  Decorations  and  Bouquets 
were  extensively  shown,  and  created  great  interest. 
The  class  for  three  stands  suitable  for  the  decoration 
of  a  dinner-table  brought  seven  competitors,  the  ist 
prize  being  awarded  to  Mrs.  Hudson,  Gunnersbury, 
for  a  very  elegant  arrangement ;  2d,  Mr.  Chard, 
Clapham  ;  and  3d,  Mr.  Prewett,  Hammersmith. 

In  the  class  for  three  bouquets  a  keen  competition 
took  place,  Mr.  Chard  being  awarded  the  1st  prize  ; 
2.1,  Mr.  J.  A.  Morris,  Acton  ;  and  3d,  Mr.  Brown, 
Richmond. 

Fruit  and  Vegetaeles. 

Fruit  was  not  very  largely  shown,  and  calls  for  no 
special  remark.  Vegetables  on  the  other  hand  were 
l.nrgely  and  well  shown,  the  chief  prizes  being  carried 
cff  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Waite,  Glenhurst  Gardens,  Esher. 

Medals. 
The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  offered  two  Silver 
Medals  for  the  exhibitor  who  had  the  most  meri- 
torious aggregate  display  of  plants  and  flowers,  and 
of  fruits  and  vegetables.  Mr.  Wright,  Chiswick, 
secured  that  for  plants,  and  Mr.  Waite  the  one  for 
fruits,  &c. 


j^OJ-ONIAI.      ]^|0TE3. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIAN  TREES. 
The  following  table,  prepared  by  Mr.  Mohun, 
shows  the  mean  breaking  loads  of  some  of  the  British 
Columbia  woods.  The  pieces  tested  were  i  inch 
square,  with  a  span  of  I  foot,  supported  at  both  ends 
and  loaded  at  the  centre,  and  were  fair  average 
specimens  of  building  timber,  partly  seasoned,  but 
free  from  knots  and  flaws.  The  tests  were  made 
through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  R.  Jones,  at  the  office  of 
the  Dominion  Inspector  of  Weights  and  Measures  :— 


Description  of  Timber. 

% 

3 

0 

lb.[ 

Yellow  Cypress   (Chamfficyparis  nutkaensis) 

693 

5005 

31.21 

Birch                    (Betula  papyrifcra) . . 

650 

.6025 

37-57 

Red,^or^Dou£.|(p^^^^„j^„^  Douglasii)  .. 

6381 

•  S453 

34- 

Alder                    (Alnus  rubra) 

567 

•S'SS 

32.16 

Maple                   ;  .\cer  macrophyllum) 

580I 

.5999 

3741 

White  Pioe          (Pinus  monticola)    .. 

473 

•4457 

27.79 

Cedar                   (Thuia  gigantea)     . . 

453 

.4001 

24.95 

Spruce                  ( Pice.i  sitchensis)     . . 

4=7 

■4tS 

25,88 

Hemlock              (Tsuga  Mertensiauaj 

400 

•5037 

31.41 

The  results  given  by  exceptionally  good  specimens 
have  been  eliminated  from  the  above  table.  It  may 
be  mentioned  that  one  piece  of  Douglas  Fir  only 
broke  under  a  load  of  850  lb.,  to  have  included  which 
would  have  raised  the  mean  breaking  load  to  660  lb. 

Sporting  in  Fruits. 
Mr.  C.  E.  Hogg,  of  the  Survey  Department, 
brought  us  this  week  an  unusual  specimen  of  Grapes. 
The  bunch  weighed  i  lb.,  and  was  in  two  divisions, 
one  of  which  was  of  the  Black  Hamburgh  variety, 
the  other  part  were  Muscats.  The  two  varieties  were 
growing  from  the  one  stem.  The  amalgamation  is 
unusual,  and  was  a  result,  no  doubt,  of  hybridisation, 
brought  about  by  bees  while  the  parent  Vine  (the 
Hamburgh,  evidently)  was  in  flower  [?].  The  circum- 
stance is  suggestive  of  what  can  be  done  by  the  very 
uteful  and  most  interesting  process  of  hybridising — a 
process  which,  by  the  way,  is  not  followed  so  much  as 
it  might  be  by  fruit  growers.  Florists  amongst  us 
devote  more  attention  to  the  subject,  and  secure  very 


peculiar,  and  at  times  valuable  results  in  their  floral 
favourites.  The  main  value  of  hybridising  in  fruit 
culture  would  be  in  securing  varieties  with  desirable 
qualities  of  richness,  hardiness,  &c. ,  which  can  be 
got  by  hybridising  one  or  more  varieties.  Austra- 
lian Town  and  Country  Journal,  April  10. 

In  your  issue  of  the  loih  inst.  is  mentioned 

an  extraordinary  bunch  of  Grapes,  consisting  partly 
of  Black  Hamburghs  and  partly  of  Muscatels — 
whether  black  or  white  is  not  stated.  The  cause  of 
this  phenomena  is  attributed  to  the  operations  of  bees, 
as  I  read  it,  on  the  bloom  to  which  the  fruit  in  ques- 
tion succeeded,  as  the  bunch  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  borne  by  a  seedling  Vine.  It  would  be  inte- 
resting to  me,  if  to  no  one  else,  to  learn  whether  the 
fertilisation  by  insects  or  any  other  means  has  been 
proved  to  alter  the  form  or  character  of  fruit  or  seed 
vessel  on  the  parent  plant.  The  case  referred  to 
appears  to  me  to  be  one  of  those  freaks  of  Nature 
commonly  called  "sports."  The  presence  of  Navel 
Oranges  on  common  Orange  trejs  has  also  been  attri- 
buted to  bees,  but  I  believe  this  conclusion  has  been 
jumped  at,  as  I  have  not  heard  of  any  one  who  has 
worked  out  the  experiment  for  himself,  which  might 
be  easily  accomplished.  I  heartily  endorse  your 
recommendation  to  practise  hybridising,  as  I  have 
seen  the  immense  benefits  which  result,  but  they 
must  be  looked  for  in  the  seedlings.  I  have  found 
with  flowers  that,  provided  the  parents  be  distinct  in 
some  respects  from  each  other,  the  offspring,  however 
numerous,  will  not  contain  two  producing  flowers 
exactly  alike.  The  late  Mr.  C,  Darwin  proved 
that  it  is  a  general  though  not  infallible  rule  that 
cross-fertilisation  is  beneficial  to  the  oflTspring,  some 
of  his  experiment  being  conducted  through  twelve  or 
more  generations,  C.  Bennet,  Gordon,  April  14,  in 
the  Australian  Town  and  Country  Journal,  [See 
our  issue  for  Jan.  30,  where  there  is  an  account 
of  a  curious  Lemon,  the  supposed  result  of  hybridisa- 
tion. Ed.] 


flaiiijstjs'    |l0ui^ra. 


AURICULAS. 
Up  till  now  the  portion  of  our  Auricula  plants 
set  apart  to  save  seeds  from  are  still  in  the  Auricula- 
house  ;  but  we  will  repot  them,  and  place  in  frames 
behind  a  north  wall  as  soon  as  possible  after  the 
seeds  have  been  saved.  The  usual  practice  is  to  sow 
the  seedsjas  soon  as  they  are  ready ;  many  persons, 
on  the  other  hand,  wait  until  the  spring.  I  am 
amongst  that  number,  preferring  (0  wait,  because  the 
largest  proportion  of  the  seeds  do  not  vegetate  until 
the  spring,  and  it  requires  considerable  patience  to 
attend  to  the  'seed-pots  for  six  months,  keeping  the 
soil  moist,  &c.  The  small  seedling  plants  raised 
from  seeds  in  the  spring  must  also  be  grown  on  with- 
out any  check.  We  usually  flower  them  in  large 
6o-sized  pots,  using  good  rich  compost,  and  carefully 
attending  to  their  wants  as  regards  supplying  them 
with  water.  They  must  also  be  kept  quite  free  from 
greenfly  by  fumigating,  or  dusting  with  tobacco 
powder. 

Carnations  and  Picoteks 
are  coming  into  flower  out-of-doors.  The  recent  very 
hot  weather  has  caused  the  flower-buds  to  swell  at  a 
very  rapid  rate,  they  will  therefore  not  be  more  than 
a  week  later  than  usual.  The  flowers  are  constantly 
attacked  by  thrips  when  the  weather  is  so  hot  as  it 
has  been  recently ;  they  attacked  the  flower-buds 
even  before  the  flowers  show  their  colour,  and  it  is 
very  difficult  indeed,  to  destroy  them  in  any  other 
way  than  by  taking  the  plants  into  a  glass  house  and 
smoking  them,  or  by  dusting  the  opening  pods  with  dry 
tobacco  powder  will  also  destroy  them.  Attend  to 
tying  the  pods  of  those  likely  to  burst  with  a  strip  of 
muting.  Tree  Carnations  should  now  be  placed  out- 
of-doors,  and  must  not  be  allowed  to  suffer  from  want 
of  pot-room.  Place  sticks  to  the  plants,  and  syringe 
them  on  dry  hot  days. 

Pinks  are  yet  in  still  flower,  and  besides  their 
sweet  perfume  are  certainly  very  pretty.  This  week, 
we  shall  take  off  the  pipings,  and  if  it  does  not  rain 
the  bed  will  be  well  watered  ;  the  pipings  do  not 
form  roots  well  unless  they  are  brittle  with  moisture 
at  the  time  of  taking  them  off.  Those  who  have  no 
frames  or  hand-glasses  to  spare  will  succeed  in 
propagating  the   Pinks  out-of-doors  if  they  take  off 


July  24,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


121 


pipings  in  rainy  weather,   plant  them  in  fine  sandy 
soil  and  shade  from  bright  sunshine. 

The  forcing  Pinks  of  which  cuttings  or  pipings  were 
put  in  during  April,  are  now  ready  to  be  planted  out  in 
the  open  ground.  Let  the  plants  be  9  inches  apart, 
in  light,  deep,  and  rich  soil.  They  will  make  very 
good  growth  if  they  are  kept  supplied  with  water 
during  dry  weather.  I  like  to  have  large  specimens 
by  the  end  of  September  or  first  week  in  October, 
when  they  are  dug  up  and  potted  for  forcing. 

Dahlias. 
The  effect  of  the  hot  weather  has  been  to  force  the 
[.1  mts  into  bloom.  If  we  had  not  removed  the  flowers 
the  whole  collection  would  have  been  in  flower. 
Some  plants  that  were  left  alone  have  each  fully 
developed  flowers  upon  them.  The  right  treatment 
for  the  plants  at  present  is  to  pinch  oft  all  the  flower- 
buds,  water  the  plants  when  they  require  it,  and 
attend  to  training  the  shoots  to  sticks  as  they  advance 
in  growth.  Earwigs  are  already  plentiful  and  search- 
ing for  food  ;  they  prefer  the  fresh  petals  of  the  half- 
opened  flowers,  but  failing  these,  they  are  content 
to  nibble  the  young  leaves.  It  is  best  to  destroy 
them  now,  and  thus  save  the  flowers  from  injury.  Plant 
cuttings  in  small  pots,  when  they  can  be  obtained. 

Polyanthuses. 
These  are  becoming  great  favourites,  but  many  people 
fail  to  grow  them  well  owing  to  improper  manage- 
ment. They  ought  to  be  parted  and  replanted  about 
the  end  of  the  present  month,  or  potted  if  desirable. 
In  doing  this,  replant  deep  enough  to  cover  the  young 
rootlets,  which  are  produced  an  inch  or  more  above 
the  ground  ;  they  ought,  therefore,  to  be  planted 
about  an  inch  deeper  than  they  were  before.  These 
plants  are  frequently  attacked  with  greenfly  and 
led-spider,  especially  during  hot  weather.  When 
parting  the  plants  take  a  handful  firmly  by  the 
roots,  and  dip  the  leaves  in  a  solution  of  soft-soapy 
water  and  tobacco  liquor. 

Ranunculuses 
have  suftered  much  from  the  dry  weather,  the  leaves 
becoming  yellow  before  the  flowers  were  fully  open  ; 
indeed,  as  I  write — July  10— they  are  not  more  than 
fully  in  flower,  with  the  leaves  quite  yellow.  The 
tubers  must  be  dug  up  before  rain  comes,  else  they 
would  start  into  growth,  and  theit  flowering  for  next 
year  be  quite  spoiled. 

Anemones 
ought  to  be  treated  much  in  the  same  way  as  the 
Ranunculuses.  They  stand  dry  hot  weather  rather 
belter— the  leaves  remain  longer  in  a  green  state,  but 
as  soon  as  they  take  the  yellow  tinge  of  maturity  the 
tubers  should  be  taken  out  of  the  ground  ;  and  the  best 
place  to  store  them  is  a  cool  airy  room,  not  a  damp 
place  where  the  atmosphere  is  close  like  that  of  a  cellar. 

Tulips 
were  taken  out  of  the  ground  about  June  20  ;  the 
roots  were  not  allowed  to  dry  too  much  in  the  sun, 
but  were  placed — each  variety — in  a  clean  and  dry 
pot,  and  the  pots  were  placed  on  a  shelf  in  the  fruit- 
room.  The  room  is  dry  and  airy.  We  do  not  clean 
the  roots  until  a  few  weeks  before  planting  them  out. 

Yellow  Carnations  and  Yellow  Ground 

PiCOTEES. 

I  scarcely  touched  upon  this  section  of  the  Carna- 
tion and  Picotee  at  p.  13,  but  it  does  seem  that  they 
are  very  popular.  Their  scarcity  in  the  trade  can  be 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  after]  a  few  years' 
culture  they  degenerate  and  produce  very  few  weak 
layers.  The  variety  Prince  of  Orange  (Perkins)  is 
an  exception  ;  it  has  not  degenerated  to  any  appre- 
ciable extent,  and  I  have  grown  it  since  it  was  first 
sent  out  twenty  years  ago,  but  I  have  grown  it  in 
pots.  I  do  not  think  any  of  the  yellow  Picotees  are 
adapted  for  planting  in  borders  out-of-doors,  although 
some  of  the  yellow  selfs  are  hardier  and  endure  the 
winter  out-of-doors  in  mild  winters.  To  be  quite 
successful  with  any  Carnations  out-of-doors  they 
ought  to  be  thoroughly  established  before  the  winter. 
The  best  time  to  plant  them  out  is  about  the  end  of 
September  or  not  later  than  the  first  week  in  October. 
Messrs.  Standish,  of  Ascot,  sent  out  a  yellow  ground 
Picotee  about  the  same  time  as  Prince  of  Orange  was 
sent  out,  but  that  variety  degenerated,  and  has,  I 
suppose,  gone  out  of  cultivation.  Mr.  Charles 
Turner,  of  Slough,  raised  a  very  tine  batch  of  seed- 
lings a  few  years  ago  from  Prince  of  Orange,  one  or 


two  of  them  being  superior  to  that  variety.  Ne  Plus 
Ultra  is  very  fine  ;  they  are  all  of  vigorous  constitu- 
tions, but  do  not  succeed  well  unless  they  are  grown 
all  the  year  round  in  pots.  All  these  yellow  ground 
Picotees  have  the  fault  of  Prince  of  Orange— the 
yellow  colour  is  not  a  deep  rich  yellow,  but  a  pale 
yellow,  or  in  some  cases  a  straw  colour.  Some  of 
the  yellow  selfs  have  a  richer  yellow  colour,  the  best 
of  all  in  this  respect  being  Pride  of  Penshurst ;  it  is 
also  a  vigorous  grower,  but  is  remarkable,  and  to 
many  persons  objectionable,  on  account  of  its  total 
lack  of  perfume. 

Mr.  Turner  had  no  less  than  thirty-four  varieties 
of  yellow  ground  Picotees  in  his  catalogue  of  1S81, 
but  in  1S85  not  one  was  included,  owing,  doubtless, 
to  the  great  demand  for  them,  and  the  decline  in 
vigour  after  a  time.  I  grow  still  a  few  of  the  best 
of  them  ;  they  are  Alice,  Flavius,  Ne  Plus  Ultra, 
Princess  Beatrice,  Princess  Marguerite,  and  Prince  of 
Orange  (Perkins),   y,  Douglas. 

Ranunculuses. 

A  box  of  beautiful  Ranunculus  blooms  reached  me 
a  few  days  ago,  sent  by  Mr.  Samuel  Barlow  from  the 
bed  in  his  garden  at  Shimdda  Hir,  Llandudno. 
Here  in  the  fertile  and  rather  stiff  loam,  mingled  of 
course  with  which  are  certain  ingredients  favourable  to 
the  well-being  of  these  beautiful  flowers,  the  Ranun- 
culus grows  freely,  and  produces  blooms  of  such  exqui- 
site and  varied  beauty  that  one  wonders  how  it  is  the 
Ranunculus  is  so  little  grown  in  these  days.  Mr. 
IJarlow  still  cultivates  a  collection  of  Ranunculuses  ; 
he  has  given  up  retaining  them  under  name  ;  the 
varieties  are  mixed  together,  and  this  blending  of 
difterent  forms  does  not  in  any  way  detract  from  the 
general  eflfect.  The  flowers  of  the  fine  varieties  in 
Mr.  Barlow's  possession  are  not  so  large  as  those 
grown  by  the  Dutch  bulb  cultivators,  samples  of 
which  were  produced  by  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  at  a 
recent  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
but  they  have  a  refinement  and  regularity  of  marking 
which  do  not  appear  in  the  Dutch  types.  Years  ago  the 
growers  of  these  flowers,  conspicuous  among  them  the 
late  Mr.  Carey  Tyso,  took  great  pains  to  raise  new  varie- 
ties ;  and  thirty  years  ago,  even  though  the  Ranunculus 
had  then  begun  to  decline  in  the  public  estimation, 
the  published  lists  were  formidable  ones.  Hundreds 
of  these  must  have  become  lost  to  cultivation,  and  it 
would  perhaps  be  difficult  to  find  anywhere  in  the 
United  Kingdom  a  collection  of  varieties  grown 
under  name  as  they  formerly  were. 

The  box  of  blooms  from  Llandudno  contained 
about  twenty  varieties.  One  was  almost  white,  of  the 
most  delicate  cream  shade  ;  there  were  white  with  a 
slight  edging  of  purple  to  the  petals  like  that  seen 
on  a  Picotee  ;  one  with  a  darker  purple  edging,  and 
with  more  colour,  also  creamy-white  tinted  with 
rosy-pink  ;  soft  pink,  pure  yellow,  yellow  flaked 
with  red  sulphur,  edged  with  crimson,  blush  heavily 
edged  with  deep  red,  and  the  same  flaked  with  red, 
also  heavily  suffused  with  the  same  colour,  yellow, 
heavily  edged  with  reddish-brown,  rosy-purple, 
orange-red,  &c.  All  the  grounds  of  these  varieties, 
and  especially  the  whites  and  yellows,  are  pure,  like 
those  seen  in  the  Picotees.  A  few  were  of  handsome 
self  colours,  but  all  beautiful,  and  among  the  choicest 
of  hardy  flowers,  and  yet  they  are  sadly  neglected. 

To  have  good  Ranunculuses  they  must  be  well  culti- 
vated, and  this  is  probably  one  reason  why  they  are 
not  more  grown.  The  general  flower-loving  public 
likes  something  that  can  be  cultivated  without  much 
trouble,  that  is,  when  they  have  to  do  it  themselves, 
A  florist  must  needs  be  a  "  hobbyist,"  and  ride  his 
hobby  hard,  if  he  would  be  successful.  A  man  who 
grows  Tulips,  Auriculas,  Carnations,  and  Picotees, 
Roses,  &c.,  and  aspires  to  have  them  good,  must 
work  hard  and  unceasingly  in  order  to  attain  this  end. 
The  Ranunculus  is  no  exception  to  this  rule  ;  it  is 
one  of  those  flowers  that  require  a  good  deal  of 
attention  ;  but  it  is  labour  well  invested.  A  good 
bed  of  Ranunculus  is  an  excellent  return  for  some 
trouble  and  anxiety. 

One  who  had  essayed  to  grow  Ranunculuses,  and 
failed,  mentioned  the  matter  of  his  failure  to  the  late 
Mr.  George  Lightbody,  at  the  time  when  he  was 
famous  for  the  fine  strain  of  Rinunculus  he  possessed  ; 
and  said  that  he  and  others  had  given  up  their  culture 
because  they  found  it  so  difficult  to  get  a  fine  head  of 
bloom.  Mr.  Lightbody  replied  that  to  grow  them 
successfully  was  a  comparatively  easy  task,  provided 
the  following  directions  were  observed  : — The  Ranun- 
culus  must   have  something   to   live   upon ;    in   the 


autumn  throw  out  a  trench  from  i  foot  to  II  inches  in 
depth,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  soil,  putting 
at  the  bottom  some  well-rotted  cow-dung,  or  old  hot- 
bed  manure,  filling  it  up  again  with  the  soil  taken 
out.  In  the  month  of  February  the  bed  to  be  raked 
very  fine,  and  the  roots  planted  ij  inch  deep, 
destroying  all  vermin,  pressing  the  soil  firmly  about 
the  necks  of  the  roots,  and  then  keeping  the  beds 
free  from  weeds,  top-dressing  occasionally  with  a 
little  well  decomposed  manure. 

The  surface  soil  of  a  bed  of  Ranunculus  should  be 
kept  firm  ;  the  old  growers  would  walk  through  their 
beds  treading  the  soil  down  with  their  feet.  Then 
good  waterings  are  necessary  when  the  weather  is 
drying.  On  no  account  must  the  plants  suffer  from 
want  of  moisture. 

One  most  important  point  in  Ranunculus  culture 
is  not  to  allow  the  roots  to  remain  in  the  ground  after 
the  foliage  has  changed  in  colour.  After  this  happens 
they  get  more  harm  than  good.  The  roots  should  be 
taken  up,  carefully  dried,  and  then  put  away  in  a 
cold  dry  place  in  paper  bags,  until  required  for 
planting  another  season.   R.  D. 


TROPICAL    FRUITS.* 

Amongst  objects  of  productive  industry  receiving 
attention  at  present  in  our  Colonial  possessions, 
tropical  fruits  are  at  once  the  newest  and  most  inter- 
esting of  all.  Many  of  these  fruits  are  practically 
unknown  in  England  in  a  fresh  state,  and  hence 
before  tropical  fruits  are  largely  consumed  here,  it  is 
necessary  to  diffuse  knowledge  respecting  them,  and 
to  render  them  as  familiar  to  English  home  people  as 
they  are  to  their  Colonial  friends. 

At  the  present  Exhibition,  owing  to  the  suggestion 
of  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
fresh  fruits  are  shown  from  nearly  every  part  of  the 
British  Empire.  Thanks  to  the  Colonial  Market 
established  in  connection  with  the  Exhibition, 
Oranges,  Lemons,  and  Grapes  are  shown  from  the 
Australian  Colonies  ;  Oranges  of  several  kinds  from 
Natal,  fresh  Cocoa-nuts  from  the  West  Coast  of 
Africa,  Pine-apples  from  Antigua,  Bananas  from 
Jamaica,  Naseberries  (Achras  sapota).  Avocado  Pears, 
Papaws,  Bread-fruit  and  Limes  from  British  Guiana  ; 
Melons  from  Barbados,  Prickly  Pears  and  Dates  from 
British  India,  and  most  luscious  Pine-apples  from 
Singapore. 

Although  not  exclusively  a  tropical  fruit,  the  Orange 
is  found  and  flourishes  throughout  the  eastern  and 
western  Tropics.  Taking  this  fruit  as  an  example,  it 
is  remarkable  what  a  large  increase  has  taken  place 
in  the  consumption  of  this  fruit  in  the  United  King- 
dom during  the  last  fifteen  years.  In  1S70  the 
number  of  Oranges  imported  into  the  United  King- 
dom was  80,000,000.  In  1885  this  number  had 
increased  to  500,000,000,  or  at  the  rate  of  fourteen 
per  head  of  population.  Dates  are  consumed  to  the 
extent  of  5000  tons  per  annum,  while  Cocoa-nuts  ate 
imported  by  the  shipload. 

iSeing  the  nearest  to  England,  as  well  as  the  most 
productive  in  the  way  of  tropical  fruits,  the  West 
Indian  Islands  naturally  supply,  and  should  supply, 
the  English  market  more  readily  than  any  other.  At 
the  present  day  in  the  West  Indian  Islands  the  value 
of  the  fruit  exported  is  nearly  ;f400,ooo  per  annum. 

In  Jamaica  alone  fruit  is  annually  exported  to  the 
value  of  over  a  quarter  of  a  million  sterling — consist- 
ing chiefly  of  Bananas,  Oranges,  Pine-apples,  and 
Cocoa-nuts.  The  Bahamas  export  chiefly  Pine-apples, 
both  fresh  and  canned,  to  the  value  of  ,£50,000  per 
annum.  Trinidad  grows  and  exports  chiefly  Cocoa- 
nuts.  British  Honduras,  connected  by  a  mail  route 
with  New  Orleans,  exports  Bananas,  Cocoa-nuts,  and 
Plantains  to  the  value  of  £  15,000  per  annum.  Mont- 
serrat  is  chiefly  interested  in  Limes,  and  exports. Limes 
and  lime-juice  to  the  annual  value  of  ,^11,000, 
Dominica  exports  Limes,  Tamarinds,  and  concentrated 
lime-juice  to  the  value  of  £4000  ;  while  flat  and 
sugary  Antigua  exports  only  Pine-apples,  but  those, 
though  small,  of  very  superior  quality.  From  their 
geographical  position  it  is  only  natural  to  suppose 
that  a  large  proportion  of  the  fruit  of  the  West  Indian 
islands  finds  its  way  to  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  where  there  are  nearly  fifty  millions  of  people, 
with  all  of  whom  fruit  enters  largely  into  their  daily 
food. 

'  Abstract  of  a  Paper  read  at  a  Conference  field  at  t!ie  Colo- 
nial and  Indian  Exhibition  on  Tuesday,  July  26.  Mr.  W.  T. 
Thiselton  Dyer,  F.R.S.,  C.M.G  ,  in  the  chair. 


122 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(July  24,  18 


The  Banana  (Musa  sapientum)  is  the  chief  fruit  at 
present  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  this  fruit 
is  the  one  which  in  the  future  will  be  more  largely 
offered  in  the  English  market  than  any  other.  There 
are  numerous  varieties  of  this  fruit  under  cultivation, 
the  Martinique  Banana  is  found  the  most  profitable 
to  grow  for  export,  although  a  smaller  fruit,  known  as 
the  Fig  Banana,  is  more  luscious  and  more  highly 
esteemed  locally  as  a  dessert  fruit.  Jamaica  exports 
Bananas  to  the  value  of  nearly  ;rf  200,000  per  annum, 
and  is  capable  of  growing  fully  three  times  the  quan- 
tity now  exported  without  any  diminution  in  the 
larger  staples. 

The  Pine-apple  (Ananas  sativa)  is  no  doubt  indi- 
genous in  Jamaica,  where  an  inferior  kind,  known  as 
the  "  Cowboy  macca,"  is  still  found  wild.  The  Pine- 
apple is  incorporated  in  the  arms  of  Jamaica,  and 
certainly  nowhere,  except  perhaps  at  Pernambuco, 
can  Pine-apples  of  such  size  and  delicacy  be  grown  as 
in  some  parts  of  this  island.  Antigua  is  noted  for  its 
Pine-apples,  the  pitch-lake  Pine  of  Trindad  has  at 
least  a  local  reputation,  but  the  Bahamas  export 
more  Pine-apples  in  the  fresh  and  cured  state  than 
any  other  part  of  the  world.  The  chief  supply  of 
Pine-apples  for  the  English  market  at  present 
comes  from  Madeira,  the  Canary  Islands  and  the 
Azores.  Should  the  interesting  experiments  now 
being  carried  on  by  Messrs.  Scrutton  &  Sons,  who 
have  fitted  up  one  of  their  ships  with  a  refrigerating 
chamber,  be  successful,  we  shall  before  long  have 
large  supplies  of  Pine-apples  direct  from  the  West 
Indies,  and  at  very  moderate  cost. 

The  West  Indian  Lime  (Citrus  medica,  var.  acida) 
is  a  fruit  which  is  not  much  known  in  England.  It 
is  possibly  little  grown  anywhere  else  except  in  the 
West  Indies,  where  a  large  industry  is  arising  in  con- 
nection with  the  preparation  of  raw  and  concentrated 
lime-juice  for  the  manufacture  of  citric  acid. 

The  Mango  (Mangifera  indica)  is  the  "  Apple"  of 
the  Tropics,  and  is  a  most  nutritious  and  wholesome 
food  as  well  as  a  dessert  fruit.  Originallyan  East  Indian 
tree,  the  Mango  has  become  thoroughly  naturalised  in 
the  West  Indies,  and  is  forming  large  groves  in  waste 
places  in  Jamaica,  where  negros,  horses,  pigs,  and 
fowls  feed  upon  the  fruits  for  nearly  four  months  of 
the  year.  The  West  has  given  to  the  East  the 
Anona  fruits,  known  as  Sour-sop  (A.  muricata),  the 
Custard-apple  (A.  reticulata),Sweet-sop(  A.  squamosa), 
and  the  Cherimoyer  (A.  cherimolia),  but  practically 
only  the  second  and  third  appear  to  have  become 
established  in  their  new  home.  The  Guava  fruits 
(Psidium  Guayava)  are  very  common  everywhere,  and 
utilised  chiefly  for  making  the  well  known  Guava 
jelly,  and  for  flavouring  cordials  and  syrups.  The 
Litchi,  Rambutan,  and  Longan  of  the  East  Indies  are 
co-related  by  the  Genip  (Geoipa  americ.ina)  of  the 
West  Indies,  The  fruit  of  the  spine-armed  Zizyphus 
jujuba,  allied  to  the  "seductive sweet  fruit"— the  Lotus 
of  the  ancient  Lotophagi,  has  become  cosmopolitan  in 
its  distribution,  and  will  soon  find  its  way  to  England 
from  the  West  as  well  as  from  the  East.  The  Passion- 
fruits  are  amongst  the  most  delicate  and  refreshing  of 
tropical  fruits,  and  some  of  them  have  been  success 
fully  introduced  to  England.  The  most  common  are 
the  Granadilla  (Passiflora  quadrangularis),  the  Pomme 
d'Or  or  Water  Lemon  (P.  laurifolia),  the  Sweet-cup 
(P.  edulis),  and  the  Calabash  Sweet-cup  (P.  mali- 
formis). 

Of  tropical  fruits  known  generally  as  nuts,  we  have 
a  long  list,  some  of  which  are  seldom  seen  in  Eng- 
land. The  Cocoa-nut  is  too  well  known  to  need 
description.  It  is  computed  that  over  three  million 
acres  of  land  are  under  cultivation  in  Cocoa-nuts  in 
tropical  countries,  and  the  annual  export  value  of 
nuts,  oil,  copra  and  coir  is  estimated  at  nearly  two 
million  and  a  quarter  pounds  sterling.  The  Brazil 
nut  (Bertholetia  excelsa)  is  obtained  entirely  from 
wild  trees  which  are  of  immense  size  ;  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  the  Sapucaya  nut  (Lecythis  sapucajo), 
and  the  Souari  or  Butter-nut  (Caryoca  nuciferum). 

India  is  so  badly  off  for  fruit  herself  that  she  is  not 
likely  to  be  able  to  export  any  to  this  country  ;  but 
the  wild  Apricot  of  the  Himalayas,  of  the  Punjaub  and 
North-west  Provinces,  is  produced  in  such  immense 
quantities,  and  so  easily  cured  by  simply  drying  in  the 
sun,  that  it  might  be  imported  at  a  very  low  price. 
It  is  the  Prunus  armeniaca  of  botanists,  known  in  India 
as  the  Mish-mush  or  Moon  of  the  Faithful.  This 
latter  appellation  it  has  obtained  from  the  fact  that 
it  is  sometimes  pressed  out  into  sheets  or  "moons" 
and  kept  in  that  state  until  required  for  use.  The 
delicious     fruits     of     Singapore     and    the     Malay 


peninsula,  amongst  which  the  Mangosteen  and  the 
Durian  are  the  best  known,  are  not  likely  to  come 
direct  from  those  countries.  The  former  has,  how- 
ever, been  fruited  both  in  Trinidad  and  Jamaica,  and 
large  trees  of  the  latter  exist  at  these  islands  as  well 
as  at  Dominica,  Grenada,  and  St.  Vincent.  Hence 
West  Indian  Mangosteens  and  Durians  are  objects  not 
impossible  to  be  seen  in  England  during  the  next 
decade.  D.  Morris,  Assistant-Director,  Royal 
Gardens,  A'e-o,  July  21. 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDOj\  , 
For  the  Week  endino  Wednesday,  July  21,  1886. 


Hygpome 

tncal    De 

Barometer. 

Temperature  op 
THE  Air. 

from 
Glaisher's 

Wind. 

Edition. 

J 

s_ 

s 

u 

Fl 

1 

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?»s 

S 

i 

^:  =  S 

III! 

11 

« 

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3, 

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a 

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July 

In. 

In.    j   „ 

.       . 

In. 

■S 

2962 

-O.2o69.5'so.3 

■9.2 

58.1-  46 

46.S 

66 

s.w. 

0.00 

16 

29.63 

—  0.1869-549.0 

20.5 

59.6 

-3> 

46.8 

63 

s.w. 

0.02 

'7 

2983 

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—  2.5 

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w.  sw. 

0  23 

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296s 

—02580.1 

S4  0 

26.1 

67  s 

-h4-9 

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68 

S.;S.W. 

0.00 

19 

2g6t 

— ai9  72.o 

57.0 

.5063.. 

-  0.6 

62.2 

"A 

S.W.  : 
s.s.w. 

004 

20 

2990 

+0.1174.2 

S2.0 

22.262.6 

-1-  0,2 

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s.s.w. 

0.20 

" 

29.66 
29.70 

-a  12  84.0 

57  0 
63-3 

27.070.9 

-1-  8.6 
+  0.4 

60.7 
S4.9 

76 

E.S.E. 
S-S.E. 

».00 

Mean 

-"•■■ 

lo.S 

53." 

S.w. 

3.49 

July  15.— Dull  morning  ;  fine  bright  .nfternoon. 

—  16. — A  shower  of  rsvin    in  early  morning  ;    very 

morning  ;  overcast  in  afternoon. 

—  17.— Fine  and  bright  in  early  morning  ;  dull  from  9  .\. 

—  18. — Very  fine  day. 

—  ig. — Dull  day  ;  rain  falling  in  afternoon. 

—  20. — Very  fine  day. 

—  21. — Very  fine  and  bright  till  noon  ;  overcast  at  tii 

afterwards. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  17,  the  reading  of  the  barometer  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.15  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.18  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  nth,  decreased  to  29. 4S  inches  by  9  a.m. 
on  the  14th,  increased  to  29. Si  inches  by  i  p.m.  on 
the  15th,  decreased  to  29.75  inches  by  9  a.m.  on 
Ihe  l6th,  increased  to  30.04  inches  by  9  A  M.  on 
the  17th,  and  was  29.99  inches  by  the  ei^d  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.88  inches,  being  0.21 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.12  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  73°  on  the  13th  ;  on  the  12th 
the  highest  was  66°.  5.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  70°.  I. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  49°.o,  on  the  nth, 
13th,  and  i6th,  on  the  12th,  the  lowest  was  57°.5. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
5'°-7. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
24°.o,  on  the  13th;  on  the  12th  the  least,  wasg'.o. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  i8°.4. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  nth,  6i°.o  ; 
on  the  12th,  6o°.3  ;  on  the  13th,  59^.2  ;  on  the  14th, 
59°.4  ;  on  the  15th,  58°.  i  ;  on  the  16th,  59°.6  ;  and 
on  the  I7lh,  60°. 2  ;  and  these  were  all  below  their 
averages  by  i°.3,  2°.i,  3°.3,  3°.2,  4°.6,  3°.!,  and  2°.S 
respectively 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  59°.?, 
I'^'ig  5°-6  lower  than  last  week,  and  2°.9  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
eed  bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  134°  on  the  nth.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  II 2°.  9. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  five  days  to  the  amount  of 
0.97  inch. 

England  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 


ing July  17,  the  highest  temperatures  were  7t°.  at 
Liverpool,  73°  at  Blackheath,  72°.  5  at  Brighton  ;  the 
highest  at  Newcastle  was  67",  at  Nottingham  67°.  5, 
at  Wolverhampton  68°.    The  general  mean  was  7o°.3. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  39°  at  Sheffield, 
43°-9  a'  Wolverhampton,  44°  at  Hull ;  the  lowest 
at  ^Plymouth  was  52°.  5,  at  Truro  52°,  at  Liverpool 
51°.  6.     The  general  mean  was  48°.  2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  30°  at  Sheffield,  26°  at 
Hull,  24°.  I  at  Wolverhampton  ;  the  least  ranges  were 
18°. I,  at  Plymouth,  and  19°  at  Truro,  Preston,  and 
Newcastle    The  general  mean  was  22°.  i. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  70°. I,  at  Brighton  69°.3,  at 
Plymouth  68°.  4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Newcastle,  63°, 
at  Bradford  63°.6,  at  Liverpool  64°.4.  The  general 
mean  was  66°.  2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth,  56°.4,  at  Truro  56°,  at  Bristol 
54°.S;  and  was  lowest  at  Sheffield,  45°,  at  Hull,  49°, 
at  Wolverhampton  49°  4.    The  general  mean  was  52°. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Sheffield, 
22°,  at  Blackheath  l8°.4,  at  Hull  I7°.4;  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  io°.2,  at  Bradford  I0°.5,  at 
Bristol,  Preston,  and  Newcastle  11°,  8.  The  general 
mean  was  14°.  2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Plymouth, 
60°.  5,  at  Truro  60°.  1,  at  Blackheath  59°.?  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Sheffield,  54°.  i,  at  Newcastle  55°.  i,  at 
Sunderland  S5°.5.     The  general  mean  was  57°.3. 

Rain,— The  largest  falls  were  1.73  inch  at  Bristol, 
I'3S  inch  at  Brighton,  1.32  inch  at  Plymouth  ;  the 
smallest  falls  were  0,34  inch  at  Hull,  0.38  inch  at 
Sheffield,  and  o.6Sinch  at  Nottingham.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.99  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  17,  the  highest  temperature  was  7o°.8,  at 
Dundee  and  Aberdeen,  at  Greenock  the  highest  was 
64°. 2.      The  general  mean  was  69°.  I, 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  43°.  0,  at 
Aberdeen  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  temperature  was  46°.9. 
The  general  mean  was  45°.o. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Dundee  57°.  I, 
and  lowest  at  Greenock  55°.o,  The  general  mean  was 
56°.3- 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  1.93  inch  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.25  inch  at  Edinburgh. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.S7  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  19,  i886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  n6,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.\N,:— The  weather  ha.^  beta  very  change- 
able with  one  or  two  heavy  falls  of  rain  and  frequent 
showers.  Thunderstorms  were  experienced  in  the 
east  and  south  of  England  on  the  evening  or  night  of 
the  19th. 

The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts  exceptingUhe  Channel  Islands,  the  deficit 
varying  between  1°  and  3°. 

The  highest  readings  were  observed  in  England 
and  Ireland  on  the  l8th,  and  in  Scotland  on  the  19th, 
when  the  thermometer  rose  to  79°  in  the  Midland 
Counties  and  "England,  S.,"  and  to  80°  in  "England, 
E."  The  lowest  of  the  minimum  readings  occurred 
either  on  the  early  morning  of  the  15th  or  i6th,  when 
the  thermometer  fell  to  41°  in  "England,  E.''  and 
"Ireland,  S.,"  and  to  between  42°  and  44°  in  all 
other  districts  excepting  "  Scotland,  W.,"  where  it 
did  not  go  below  45°. 

The  rainfall  has  been  everywhere  more  than  the 
mean,  and  in  the  northern  parts  of  Scotland  and 
Ireland,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  the  excess  has  been 
considerable. 

Bright  sunshine  has  been  less  prevalent  than  it  was 
last  week,  especially  in  "  Ireland,  S."  The  per- 
centages of  possible  duration  have  ranged  from  12  in 
"Ireland,  S."  1030  in  "  Scotland,  N."  and  "Eng- 
land, N.W.,"  46  in  "England,  S,,"  51  in  the 
"  Channel  Islands," 

Depressions  observed, — During  the  greater  part  of 
the  week  pressure  was  high  over  Spain  or  France, 
while  numerous  depressions  passed  over,  or  to  the 
northward  of  our  islands.  The  prevailing  winds 
were,  therefore,  westerly.  The  only  depression  of 
importance  which  appeared  was  a  rather  deep  system, 
the  centre  of  which  crossed  Scotland  on  the  night  of 


jat-i  24,  i886i] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


123 


the  13th,  and  subsequently  passed  away  in  a  northerly 
direction.  As  this  came  on,  south-westerly  gales 
were  frequent  on  our  west  and  south  coasts,  while  in 
its  rear  a  north-westerly  gale  was  experienced  in  the 
extreme  north  of  Scotland.  Towards  the  close  ot  the 
week  the  area  of  highest  readings  was  transferred 
from  Southern  to  Central  Europe,  the  winds  over  our 
islands  backed  to  the  southward,  and  a  series  of 
depressions  began  to  skirt  our  extreme  western  coasts. 
On  the  evening  of  the  19th  a  small  shallow  distur- 
bance advanced  with  great  rapidity  from  the  South  of 
France  to  our  south-east  coasts,  and  occasioned  the 
thunderstorms  referred  to  above. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

■Our  Telegraphic  Address. — Our correipondenti 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mijid  that  our  Registered 
Telegraphic  Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London." 
Telegrams  (but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will 
reach  the  Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other 
address  being  needed. 


Blooms  Dropping  from  Tomatos  in  a  Cool 
Greenhouse  :  T.  H.  How  can  we  tell  ?  You  fur- 
nish no  particulars  of  the  treatment  given,  nor  any 
data  whatever. 

Campanulate  Foxglove  :  A.  R.  Neither  rare  nor 
unaccountable.  This  common  malformation,  very 
often  figured  in  these  pages,  turns  up  every  year,  and 
gives  rise  to  the  same  unfounded  suspicions.  The 
last  occasion  when  it  was  figured  was  on  September 
26.  1885.  It  is  due  to  the  union,  in  a  very  early  em- 
bryonic stage,  of  several  flowers  which  ultimately  blend 
into  one — e  pluribus  ufium. 

Correction.— In  report  of  the  Roy.^1  Horticultural 
Society's  show,  in  our  last  week's  issue,  col.  a,  p.  119 
{Melon  prizes),  read  for  Pitman,  E.  G.  Gilman. 

Cucumber  Disease  :  W.  N.  does  not  read  his  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  very  attentively,  or  he  would  know 
that  figures  and  descriptions  of  the  worm  causing 
these  growths  have  been  repeatedly  given.  Turn  out 
the  soil,  burn  the  roots,  and  start  afresh. 

Grapes  :  J.  B.  Your  Grapes  are  badly  shanked,  and 
there  is  no  known  remedy  that  will  arrest  its  spreading 
through  the  bunches  more  or  less.  There  are  various 
reasons  given  for  the  appearance  of  the  disease  in 
vineries,  such  as  over-cropping  the  Vines,  deficiency 
of  water  at  one  time,  .succeeded  by  a  deluge  of  water 
at  a  low  temperature,  the  Vine  roots  being  at  a  great 
distance  from  the  surface,  unwholesome,  close  pasty 
soil ;  this  last  is  frequently  found  where  the  berries 
shank  badly,  and  there  is  bad  drainage  and  conse- 
quent stagnation  of  water  within  the  border.  By  p.iy- 
ing  proper  attention  to  the  Vines,  root  and  top,  vou 
should  not  in  the  future  suffer  much  from  this  trouble. 
— Pope  6*  Son.  The  berries  have  been  scalded  by 
permitting  strong  sun  to  shine  on  the  Vines  for  some 
time  continuously,  with  the  ventilators  closed,  and 
much  moisture  in  the  air  of  the  house.  Not  giving 
air  soon  enough  in  the  morning  during  the  warm 
months  is  a  fruitful  cause  of  this  injury  to  the  berries. 

Insect  :  Grampian.  The  insect  sent  is  the  Trichius 
fasciatus. 

Pe,\ch  Mildew  :  P.  J.  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for 
June  19,  18S6. 

Quantity  of  Land  Permitted  to  Planted  with 
Tobacco  in  Great  Britain  :  J.  C.  One  square 
rod  :  the  number  of  plants  is  of  no  consequence. 
Special  arrangements  were  made  in  the  spring  of  this 
year  by  which  certain  persons  were  allowed  to  grow 
more  than  this,  so  as  to  test  the  market  value  of,  and 
the  feasibility  of  growing.  Tobacco  grown  in  England. 

Marechal  Niel  and  Gloire  de  Dijon  Roses  : 
A  Besiinner.  After  the  first  flush  of  flowering  some  of 
the  older  shoots  that  have  flowered  very  abundantly 
may  be  cut  clean  away,  laying  in  strong  shoots  of  the 
current  year  ;  and  the  ilowerless  weak  growths  should 
be  trimmed  out,  leaving  no  snags.  These  Roses  pro- 
duce the  finest  blooms  trom  the  ends  of  the  shoots, 
therefore  there  must  be  no  shortening  back  as  is  done 
with  H.P.'s,  and  the  points  will  flower  better  when  not 
too  rigidly  tied  to  the  trellis.  Give  plenty  of  water 
in  dry  weather,  and  manure-water  occasionally.  Give 
a  mulch  of  short  manure  if  it  be  not  objectionable  to 
the  sight. 

Names  of  Plants  :  W.  D.  Tropajolum  speciosum. 
Pritice,  Plaistow.  BougainviUea  glabra.  P.  J.  Next 
week.  Geo.  P.  Amsinkia  lycopsoides.  It  is  not  a 
British  plant.— A'uOT,!  lost,  i,  Potentilla  ambigua  ;  2, 
Cynanchum  kenouriense  ;  3,  Thaliclrum  fiexuosum. 
— F.  C.  I,  Galeopsis  Ladanum  ;  2,  Anchusa  sem- 
pervirens  ;  3.  Eriogonum  umbellatum  ;  4,  Epilobium 
latifolium  ;  5,  CEnothera  fruticosa ;  6,  Geranium 
nodosum.— fK.  Z.  i,  Anagallis  arvensis  ;  2,  Ecbium 
vulgare ;  3,  Lychnis  githago  ;  .\,  Teucrium  Scoro- 
donia  ;  5,  Galium  verum  ;  6,  Erythrasa  centaurium  — 
H.  J.  Ross.  Cattleya  Eldorado— a  good  ordinary 
{orm.— Holt  C.  i,  Stanhopea  Wardi  ;  2,  Cypripe- 
dinm  Isevigatum  ;  3,  Odontoglossum  vexillarium — pale 
variety  ;  4,  Stanhopea  saccata  ;  5,  Odontoglossum 
maculatum  ;  6,  Oncidium  praetextum.- .4.  C.  Stan- 
hopea eburnea.  —  Protagonistes.  Asperula  cynan- 
chica.  We  can  only  suggest  high  manuring  in  addi- 
tion to  the  means  you  have  adopted.  Probably  it 
was  introduced  with  the  seed.  —  D.  Nigella  his- 
panica. 


Striking  Cuttings  of  Camellias  :  E.  C.  These 
can  be  put  into  sandy  soil  in  pots,  well  drained,  and 
placed  in  a  shady  spot  under  a  frame  or  hand-glass, 
at  any  time  during  September.  They  will  form  a 
callus  by  the  following  spring,  when  they  can  be 
potted  into  thumbs  and  subjected  to  a  very  mild 
bottom-heat  to  induce  them  to  form  roots.  Never  let 
the  soil  in  the  pots  become  dry,  and  if  a  callus  should 
become  of  a  brown  colour,  throw  the  cutting  away,  as 
it  will  very  rarely  throw  out  roots-  The  cuttings  must 
be  protected  from  frost.  Tiie  Camellia  can  be  in- 
creased by  cuttings  taken  off  growing  plants,  in  the 
months  of  March  and  April,  and  put  into  a  sand  bed 
over  a  mild  bottom-heat  of  hotwater-pipes.  They 
should  be  covered  with  a  propagating-frame,  and  be 
kept  in  a  moist  genial  temperature.  The  drainage 
under  the  sand  should  be  good,  when  they  can  be 
abundantly  supplied  with  warm  water  when  necessary 
which  will  hasten  the  rooting  process. 

•„*  All  communications  intended  for  pubUcation  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —Letters 
relating  to  ADVERTISEMENTS,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

^g"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Oflice  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Oflice,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


iMUNicATioNs  RECEIVED.— Sir  \V.  C.  B.  (many  thanks).— 
'.  E.  G.— A.  R.— Profes  or  Max  Cornu,  Paris  (many 
anks  :  next  week).— Henri  Correvon.  Geneva  (next  week).— 
.  W.  B  — C.  N.— G.  J.,  Woking.— Lucien  Linden,  Ghent. 
The    High    Commissioner,    Canada.— Mr.    James    (many 


thanks). -Tasmania.— M.  H.-,S,  C.  O, 
J.  B.,  W.  H.  S.,  t.  H.,  A.  McK 
licaiion).-J.   E.-T.   K.  (n, 
issue).-A.  D.-J.  V.  &  Son 


C.  M.'O.- McK.- 
L.  (too  late  for  pub- 
it    week).— T.    B.    (see    present 
— N.  E.  B.— J.  F.— R.  D. 


larhtts* 


COVENT    GARDEN,    July  22. 

Market  completely  glutted  with  soft  fruit,  and  prices 
are  down  all  round.  Strawberries  falling  off.  James 
Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Pricbs. 


Cherries,  J^-siei 

Figs,  per  dozea 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  cas 


Melons,  each  ..    i 

Peaches,  per  dozen...  % 
Pine-apples, Eng.,  lb.  : 
—  Si.  Michael,  each  : 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  < 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 
■.  d.  s.  d. 


Artichokes,  perdoz 
Asparagus,  Eng,,  to 
Bea«b,  Kidney,  lb. 
Beet,  red,  per  doze 
Carrots,  per  bunch . . 
Cauliflowers,  per  do 
Celery,  per  bundle 
Cucumbers,  each 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Herbs,  per  bunch 
Leeks,  per  bunch   , 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,   i  o-  i 
Mint,  green,    bunch  04-.. 
POTATOS  :  —  Jersey  best  Kidneys,  6j-.  ;  do.  Rounds    ^s. 
Kidneys,  5J.  to  6^.  :  do.  Rounds,  4^.  per  cwt. 


.40-, 


3  o- 


o  3- 


Mushrooms,  punnet  1  ( 
Mustardand  Cress, do. o  . 
Onions,  per  bushel. .  4  < 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  c 
PoUtos.  per  cwL    ..4  c 

,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  < 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  ; 
Spinach,  per  bushel  5  < 
Sprue  .A.sparagus,  per 

bundle  ..  ..  I  c 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..01 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  o  i 
Veget.  Mar.,  each.,  o  ( 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


s.d.  s.d 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  9  0-18  < 
Bedding  Plants,  vari- 
ous, per  dozen  . .  i  o-  2  < 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  < 
Bouvardias.  doz  ..  12  0-18  ( 
Calceolarias,  pei  doz.  5  o-  8  < 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  c^-i2  < 
Dracaena  —"":"->'*'- 


Lobelias,  per  dozen  3  ( 
Marguerite      Daii>y, 

Mignonette,  perdoz.  4  1 
Musk,  per  dozen  ..  2< 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  1 
Nasturtiums,  dozen  3  1 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  1 
Pelargoniums,  doz,  6  1 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  < 
Petunias,  dozen  ..  2  ( 
Rhodanthes,  dozen..   6  1 

Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


per  dozen 

Euonymus, 
per  dozen  . 

Evergreens, 
per  dozen  . 


doz.  1 3  0-24  o 


,  dozen  4  0-18  1 


Foliage  Plants,  \ 

Fuchsias,  dozen 
Hydrangeas,  doz, 


••   3  < 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  4  o~  ( 
Abters.  12  blooms  . .  o  6-  < 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  6-  i 
Campanulas,  12  bun.  4  o-  < 
Carnations,  12  blms.  i  o-  ■■ 
Cornflowers.  12  bun.  i  6-  ; 
Daisies,  common,  12 

bunches     ..  ..   1  o~  t 

Delphmiums,  12  bun.  3  o-  ( 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  2  6-  i 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  2  o-  ^ 
Gardeiuas,  iz  blooms  2  o-  .^ 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  6-  c 
Lapageria.red.  12  bl.   10-2 


—  12  blooms 

Lilium     longif 

12  blooms .. 


Margiierites,  12  bun.  3  1 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  i  1 
Pansies.  12  bunches  i  < 
Paeonies,  12  blooms.,  i  ' 
Pelargoniums,  psr  12 

Pinks,  van,  12  bun.  2  ( 
Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  2  c 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6  i 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o  c 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .    2  ( 

—  outdoor,  12  bun.   2  c 

—  Moss,  12  bun.. .  6  c 
Stephanotis,  12  spys.  i  i 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  i  t 
Sweet  Sultan,  i2bun.j  c 
Tropaeolums,  ii  bun.  1  c 


SEEDS. 

London  :  July  21. — Messrs.  Joha  Shaw  &  Sons, 
Seed  Merchants,  37,  Mark  Lane.  E.G.,  write  that 
the  markets  continue  quite  of  a  holiday  character.  There 
is  necessarily  now  an  absence  of  the  consumptive  demand 
for  Clover  seeds,  and,  moreover,  no  speculation  has  yet 
sprung  up.  The  quality  of  the  new  Trifolium  is  good, 
and  prices  are  low  ;  there  is  already  a  fair  inquiry  for 
this  article.  The  recent  welcome  rains  have  greatly 
stimulated  the  demand  for  sowing  white  Mustard,  and 
prices  are,  in  consequence,  rather  higher.  Rape  seed 
remains  unchanged.  Hemp  seed  continues  unpre- 
cedentedly  cheap.  la  Canary  seed  the  tendency  is 
downwards.  Feeding  Linseed  is  steady.  Blue  Beas 
are  still  in  good  demand. 


CORN, 

M.VRK,  Lane  :  y^/f  19.— For  English  Wheat,  owing 
to  the  change  in  the  weather,  dd.  advance  was  obtained 
to-day.  The  official  average  for  the  kingdom  is  raised 
3iA  Hard  foreign  Wheats,  suitable  for  mixing  with  damp 
samples  of  English,  command  more  attention,  but  there 
has  not  been  much  life  in  the  trade.  Flour  was  quoted 
firm  generally,  and  country  marks  rather  against  buyers. 
Barley  was  very  firm.  Egyptian  Beans  advanced  6(/.  per 
quarter.  Peas  were  quiet  and  unchanged.  The  trade 
in  Oats  was  slow. 

July  21. — Business  was  quite  of  retail  extent  in  both 
Wheat  and  flour,  and  prices  remained  the  same  as  on 
Monday.  Barley  was  firm  but  quiet.  Peas  were  quiet  at 
late  rates.  Oats  were  taken  off  very  slowly,  but  at  about 
steady  prices. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  July  17  : 
— Wheat,  3ij^.  ;  Barley,  221.  ^d,  ;  Oats,  2or.  id.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  ; — Wheat,  331,  \id.  \ 
Barley,  291.  wd,  ;  Oats,  221.  id. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (liast  London)  :  July  21. — Good  attend- 
ance of  buyers,  and  a  brisk  trade  for  a  plentiful  supply 
of  vegetables,  and  a  moderate  one  of  fruit.  Quotations  : 
— Strawberries,  2f.  bd.  to  41.  per  peck  ;  Raspberries, 
31/.  to  \d.  per  lb.;  Cherries,  is.  6d.  to  31.  per  half  sieve; 
black  Currants,  2J.  to  3^.  6d.  do.;  red  Currants,  2s.  to 
3J.  do. ;  green  Gooseberries,  is.  6d.  to  2x.  do. ;  ripe  Goose- 
berries, IS.  6d.  to  3r.  do.;  Peas,  white,  is.  6 J.  to  2j.  6d. 
per  sieve  ;  do.,  blues,  2s.  to  3.;.  6d.  do.;  Broad  Beans, 
3i.  6d.  per  sack  ;  Cabbages,  2s.  6d.  to  6s.  per  tally  ; 
Lettuces,  j,d.  6d.  per  score  ;  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  2j.  6d, 
per  dozen  bunches ;  Mint,  2s.  do.;  Parsley,  ir.  6d.  to 
2s.  6d.  do.;  Turnips,  25.  t0  3J.  do.  ;  Onions,  41.  to  5^.  do. 

Stratford  :  July  20. — The  supplies  during  the  past 
week  have  been  good,  and  a  fair  trade  was  done  at  the 
following  prices  : — Cabbages,  55.  to  6s.  per  tally  ;  spring 
Onions,  45.  31/.  to  6s.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Lettuces,  Sd. 
to  lod.  per  score  ;  Cucumbers,  31.  to  5J.  pei  dozen  ; 
Carrots,  2s.  6d.  to  y.  per  dozen  ;  black  Currants,  3J^.  to 
45.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  red  do. ,  3s.  to  4s.  do. ;  Cherries,  white, 
2s.  6d.  to  4.;.  per  basket;  ditto  black,  2s.  to  5^.  do. ; 
Strawberries,  2t.  to  4-r.  per  peck  ;  Marrows,  2s.  gd,  to 
31.  per  dozen  ;  Peas,  green,  45.  to  5^.  per  bag  ;  Goose- 
berries, 2S.  to  3r.  6d.  per  half  sieve ;  Beans,  broad,  5^.  to 
6j-.  per  bag  ;  do.,  scarlet,  7s.  to  8s.  per  bushel. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  July  20. — Moderate 
suppUes  and  dull  trade.  Essex  kidneys,  6^^.  to  8.1.  ; 
Shaws,  $s.  to  6s.  ;  Jersey  kidneys,  5^^.  to  ys. ;  Cherbourg 
rounds,  ^r.  6d.  to  5^.  6d.  per  cwt. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  July  21. — Quotations  : 
— Jersey  kidneys,  s^-  *o  5^-  ^^-  >  ^^^  Aiikes,  6j.  to  7s.; 
St.  Malo  rounds,  3;.  to  4^.  6d.;  Cherbourg  kidneys, 
SJ.  6d.  to  6.t.  6d. ;  do.  rounds,  4s.  to  5^.  ;  English  Myall's, 
6s.  to  7s. ;  Shaws,  4^.  6d.  to  5^.  6d. ;  middlings,  45.  to 
5t,  per  cwt. 

Stratford:  July  20. — Quotations  :  ^Jersey  kid- 
neys, 6s.  to  6s.  6d.\  Cherbourg,  do.,  4^.  to  41.  6d. 

Imports, — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  3518  packages  Jersey,  40  baskets  9  barrels  St. 
Nazaire,  148  baskets  Rotterdam,  3564  packages  3096 
cases  100  baskets  Cherbourg,  530  boxes  601  cases 
Barfleur. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  July  20. — Large  supplies,  with  fair 
trade  at  steady  prices.  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime, 
90J.  to  io8j,  ;  inferior,  70s.  to  85.1.  ;  hay,  prime,  70s.  to 
9SJ.  ;  inlerior,  45J.  to  651.  ;  and  straw,  26s.  to  37J.  per 
load. 

July  22. — There  was  a  rather  large  supply  on  sale. 
The  trade  was  steady  at  the  annexed  rates  ; — Prime 
Clover,  95J.  to  io8j.  ;  inferior,  70i'.  to  951.  ;  prime  mea- 
dow hay~7os.  to  95J.  ;  inferior,  50J.  to  701.  ;  and  straw, 
28J.  to  37f.  per  load. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park) :  July  20. — A  moderate 
supply,  with  but  a  blow  demand  for  meadow  hay  and 
Clover.  No  trade  for  new  hay.  Quotations  :— Clover, 
best,  90^.  to  105J.  ;  seconds.  75J.  to  85J-.  ;  hay,  best,  84^. 
to  95i.  ;  seconds,  70;.  to  Sos.  ;  and  straw,  30^.  to  36X. 
per  load.  

Qovermnent  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  loiyj  to  101  i\  for  both  delivery  and  the  account. 
Tuesday's  figures  were  ioqI^  to  loi^V  in  both  cases. 
Wednesday's  Onal  quotations  were  lot  to  loi^  for  both 
delivery  and  the  account.  The  closing  quotations  on 
Thursday  were  iooj|^  to  loiVir  for  both  transactions. 


124 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[July  24,  1886. 


IMPORTANT  TO  GARDENERS. 


FRANCIS  &  CO, 


SUPPLY:- 

-Garden  Syringes  of  all  kinds. 
-Indiarubber  Delivery  and  Suction  He 
-Galvanised  Wire  Netting. 
-Indiarubber  Door  and  Carriage  Mali, 
-Gutta-percha  Goods. 
-Superior  Waterproof  Garments 
-Barometers,  Thermometers,  and  Rain 
-Prepared  Chloride  of  Ammonit  for  de 
-Teleeraph  Instruments. 
-Insulated  and  Galvanised  Iron  Wires 
-Medical  and  other  Batteries. 
-Lightning  Conductors. 
-Electric  House  Bells. 
-Fire  and  Burglar  Alarms. 
-Speaking  Tubes. 

-Adjustable  Electric  Thermometers. 
-Disinfecting  Fluids,  Special. 
-Francis  it  Co.'s  Insect  Destroyer. 
-Garden  Tools  of  every  description. 
-Quotations  for  every  requisite. 


ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

For  GREENHOUSES,  VINERIES, 

CONSERVATORIES,    FORCING    PITS, 

INCUBATORS,  and  for  FIRE. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

"  Your  Thermometers  are  noio  in  all  the  Sheds,  and 
to  you  are  wc  indebted  for  uniformly  itroii^  and  healthy 
Plants." 

"  /  ast  night  your  Electric  7 ell-tale  saved  what  is 
i>robably  the  finest  house  of  Vines  in  the  Kingdom." 

"  Your  Flectric  Thermometer  is  a  mighty  good  tki?ig, 
and  no  Wine  Grower  should  be  without  them.  Timely 
notice  of  approaching  frost  means  the  saving  of  perhaps 
a  who!e  crop" 

THE 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETER 

Is  so  applied,  that  when  the  temperature  either  rises 
above  or  falls  below  the  degree  at  wliich  it  may  be  set. 
a  bell  is  sounded  or  other  signal  given  at  however  great 
a  distance.  Any  number  of  Thermometers  may  be 
employed  with  the  same  Bell,  so  that  every  point  can  be 
under  thorough  protection  at  COMPARATIVELY 
TRIFLING  EXPENSE. 


FRANCIS  AND  CO.'S  Thermometers  are  largely 
employed  by  Wine  Growers  in  the  open  as  well  as  under 
Glass,  and  are  most  valuable  for  Conservatories,  Green- 
houses, Forcing  Pits,  Hospital  Wards,  and  in  the  process 
of  Incubation. 

Used  throughout  the  Ostrich  Farms  of 
South  Africa. 

ADJUSTABLE 

ELECTRIC 
THERMOMETERS 

Also  form  the  most  perfect  PROTECTION  AGAINST 
FIRE,   the  ever  ready  Alarm  signalling  the  very  first 
outbreak  instantly. 
Readily  applied.    Fitted  with  ease  and  certainty. 

PRICES. 

Large  Bell.  Wire.  Push,  and  Battery,  com-    £   s.  d. 

plete  for  any  communication  ..160 

Ordinary  Thermometers,  from-each         ..010 

Registering        0    16 

Insulated  Wire,  Galvanised  Wireandlnsulatorsas  desired. 
Bells,  Batteries,  Tiiermometers,  &c. ,  separate  if  required. 

ALSO 

ELECTRIC 

FIRE    ALARMS, 

and  ELECTRIC  HOUSE  BELLS, 

As  supplied  to  the  Government  Offices  and  Railway 

ALIi    QOOOS    GUARANTEED. 

7V(«  £3  set  delivered,  carriage  paid,  at  nearest 
Railway  Station. 

FRANCIS    &    CO., 

Telegraph  Engineers  and  Government  Contractors, 
EAGLE    TELEGRAPH    WORKS, 

HATTON  GARDEN    LONDON,  E.G. 

SEND  for  CATALOGUE. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Succe: 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


SMITH'S  JVEED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


A  True  Gardener's 
Friend. 

Effectually  Destroys 
Weeds.  Moss,  Dande- 
lions, &c.,  on  Garden 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 

For  Prices  and/ull par- 
ticulars, apply  to 


MARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing    Chemist, 

LOUTH,        LINCOLNSHIRE. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  3J.,  and  \os.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 

FOR 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES, 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 

HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  ManufacturerB,  Leeds, 

YORKSHIRE. 

ILVER    SAND.-24X.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 

Best,  3or.  do.  ;  PEAT,  60s.  per  truck  of  10  cubic  yards. 
Beit.  Sos  ,  loos.,  and  iios.  do.;  LOAM,  best,  50J.  per  truck  of 
4  tons  ;  ORCHID  MOSS,  &c. 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


AMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

should  be  without  it.   Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
easily  manuf^jctured. 
P.  B.  HARKIN,  Importer.  Dutton  Street.  Liverpool. 


BEST     TOBACCO     ROLL     PAPER    and 
CLOTH,  at  Lowest  Price. 
J.  DENYN,  Manufacturer,   removed  to  77,  Downs  Road, 
Clapton,  E. 


TH  OM  AS'S 

GALVANISED  WIRE  NETTING. 


Grcn//y  Rcinccd  Prices  per  Roll  of  50  Y.irds. 


.3  ft. 

4  ft. 

1   6  ft. 

wide. 

wide. 

wide. 

s    d. 

s.    li. 

I.    d. 

6    8 

7    6 

\1    3 

8    0 

10    8 

16    0 

9    9 

13    0 

19    6 

16    0 

20    0 

30    0 

STEEL    BARB 
BARB         WIRE. 

100  yard  Reels  ..  7a.  Od 
260  .,  „  Kcwt..l3s.  9d. 
530   „    ,.  I  cwt..  278.  6d. 

Special  Quotations  for  largg 
quantities, 

5  per  cent.  Discount  for  Cash 


J.    J.    THOMAS    &     CO., 

87.  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.C.  : 
28s  and  362,    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 

NETTING     FOR     FRUIT    TREES, 

Seed  Beds,  Bipe  Strawberries,  &c. 
T^ANNED         NETTING 

J-  for  Protecting  the  above  from  Frost,  Blight,  Birds,  &c., 
2  yards  wide,  -zd.  per  yard,  or  loo  yards,  15J. ;  4  yards  wide, 
\d  per  yard,  or  50  yards,  T5S. 

EATON  AND  DELLEK.  6  and  7,  Crooked  Lane,  London 
Bridge.  E.C. 

XTRA  STRONG  TANNED  NET.— Ripe 

Fruit,  Tennis  Court,  or  Poultry  Run,  i-inch  mesh,  2  yards 
wide,  \]^d.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  3^.  per  yard;  or  2  yards 
wide,  loi.  per  100  ;  4  yards  wide,  20s  per  100  yards.  New 
TWINE  NETTING,  i  yard  wide,  2,/.  per  yard  ;  2  yards  wide, 
4rf.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  %d.  per  yard.  COTTt)N  NET, 
nine  meshes  to  square  inch,  \%  yard  wide,  jd.  per  yard  run. 
W.  CULLINGFORD,    Forest  Gate.  E. 


TRADE  ONLY. —  JOHN  SHAW  and 
CO  ,  30  and  31,  O.xford  Street,  Manchester.  Manu- 
facturers 01  Tiffany,  Netting,  and  all  other  Shading  and 
Protecting  Materials.  No.  i  TIFFANY,  20  yards  long, 
38  inches  wide,  in  not  less  than  10  pieces,  2j.  each.  No. 
TIFFANY,  20  yards  long,  38  inches  wide,  mineralised,  in  not 
less  than  10  pieces,  2j,  ^d.  each.  Cash  with  order.  Price  Lists 
on  application.     Special  prices  for  large  quantities. 


T  Protect  your  Strawberries. 

ANNED    NETTING,     i  yard    wide,    \d.; 
2  yards.  I'Ad.  ;    4  yards,  id.      A  considerable  reduction 
on  quantities  of  500  yards  and  upwards 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

"INTEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 

.^/I      My  first  parcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
prime  quality.     Prices  on  application. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
TelegraphicAddress—JATEA,  LONDON. 


FLAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 
Gardens,    or   Walks  under   Trees.      Prices,   8rf.,   lorf., 
and  IS.  per  yard  run. 

The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Yorks. 


GOLD   MEDAL   AWARDED 

from  the  International  EzUtiltlon,  less,  to 

WOOD  &  CO., 

for  their  PATENT  SLOW  COM- 
BUSTION TUBULAR  BOILERS 
for  GEEENHOUSES. 
- —  Price  Lists  free. 

T.    WOOD,  Hot-water  Engineer, 
RUDGEWAY    HOUSE,    EASTVILLE,    BRISTOL. 

Agents  Wanted  to  sell  Wood's  Boi'ers. 


FAWKES'  Slow-combus- 
tion HEATING  APPARATUS. 
—Most  efilcient  and  cheapest  in  ex- 
istence. Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting.  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention.  Will  burn  house 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel.     Any  one  can  fix  it.     A  do- 

COMPLETE      APPARATUS 
from  £4  123. 


country 

Only 
paratus    of    th 

Beioare  0/  ,n 


CROMPTON    &    FAWK] 

CHELMSFORD. 


The   Original  and   only   Genuine 
Trentham  Riveted  Boiler. 

Recently  Improved  and  Reduced  in  Price, 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOT-WATER     PIPES     AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


HIGH  and  LOW  PRESSURE  and  HOT-AIR  HEATING 
APPARATUS  ERECTED  and  GUARANTEED. 

FRED.  SILVESTER,  Castle  Hill  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 


JOLY  14,    1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


125 


21-0Z>  Foreign  of  the  above  sues  m  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4tlis  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ  glass  in 
300  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FABMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS 
84,  St.  Jolm'a  Street,  West  Smlttifleld,  Londoo,  £  C 

ition       Quote  Lhrorucle 


Stock  List  and  Prices  i 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exiiibition,  1886 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO., 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


W.    H.    LASCELLE8    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

131,    BUNEILL    ROW,    LONDON,    EC 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    and    Co     will   give  Estima 
every   description   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
coloius.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

i2r,  Bunhili  Row,  and  35,  PoultiTr,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

HY.    VAN    &    CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  Houe  n  the  Trade   Estd  t78o) 

17,    Tooley    Street,    London   Bridge,   S  E. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glajed  and  painted : — 

Cp  leet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     L^  15     o 

12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         „  4  15     o 
6  feet  long.  5  feci  wide,         „          ,,         „  3  iS     o 

13  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,        „         „  ,     .1         6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      St.      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 
MANCHESTER. 

BOiULTON     &    PAUL,    NORWICH. 


lllHitral<\{  CA  1  ALOGCES  Post-free. 

PROTECTION    FOE    FRUIT    AND    FLOWERS. 
GARDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  ij^rf.,  or  per  100  yards, 

loi.  :  ditto.  4  yards  wide    -^d.,  or  per  toa  yards,  20J. 
SCRIM  CANVAS,  i  yard  wide,  -id.  ;    ^  yard,  ^\id.  ;    and 

a  yards,  td.  per  yard. 
TIFFANY,  33  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  31.  id.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
RICK  CLOTHS.  TARPAULINS,  Corn  and  Potato  SACKS. 

FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 


GARDEN  HOSE. 


No.  74.— Three-quarter  Span-roof  Garden  Frame. 

Cash  Prices— Carriage  Paid.  Price.         Packbg  Case. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  ,£4  12  6  •■  l^-  (Allowed  in 
12  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  50  ..  fcj.  •<  full  if  r eld. 
16  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide     ..        8     o  o     ..     75.  (   car.  paid. 

These  Frames  are  13  inches  high  in  front,  24  inches  high  at  the 
back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridge.  Front  or  back  lights  turn 
over.  Set-opes  are  provided  for  ventilating.  All  painted  four 
coats  of  best  oil  colour.  The  lights  are  glazed  with  2i-oz.  English 
glass.     Carriage  paid  to  most  Railway  stations  In  England  and 

Wales.  

GreenllOUSea  suitable  for  Villas,  Small  Country  Houses,  &c. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


HOSE  and  REELS,  I    GARDEN  ROLLERS, 

WATER  BARROWS,  PLANT  TRUCKS, 

GARDEN  ENGINES,     |    WHEELBARROWS. 
TUBE      WELLS     and     WATER      PIPES 


ROSERIES.  I    HANGING  BASKETS. 

ROSE  FENCING,  WIRE  WORK  SCREENS, 

GARDEN  ARCHES,  WIRE  TRELLIS,  &c. 


R.    H  OLLI  DAY, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and  WIRE    WORKS, 
BEAUFORT    STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 


The  "INVINCIBLE"  LAWN  MOWER 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 


WHEEL 

BARROWS. 

Horse-Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

Side  Delivery. 


SAMUEL  EDWARDS'  PATENT. 
GOLD     MEDAL. 


The  Only  Lawn  Mower  in  which  the 
wood  regulating  Rollers  can  be  used 
either  in  front  or  at  back  of  the  Mower. 


<[0£ 


808.    40s.    60s. 


PRICES  (Including  Grass  Box), 
38.    70s!    go's.    I'lOs.    1308. 


1508.    170s.    190s. 


Is  the 


B  E  S  T 

in  the  Market 


VIDE 
RESULTS 

CONTESTS. 


Side  Delivery. 

30-m.     36-in      42-in. 

£82    £26    £30 


DOULTON   &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,     LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,  PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN  EDGINGS,   &c., 

imperishable"'terra  cotta. 


Plain  and 
Ornamental        £11 
Pavings. 


Tiles  for  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,  including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Decorations,  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c., 

for  the  Conservatory,  in 

DOULTON  WARE,   LAMBETH   FAIENCE,  AND  THE 

NEW  SILICON   WARE. 


Show  Rooms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 
RoBher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

in  mateiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
'  uited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  thsy  bar- 
r  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES.  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  desien. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES. 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  also 
for  FOXLEVS  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  suppUed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3f.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipe^  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries       " 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  low 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above, 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
TILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 


Sole  Makers:    JOHN  CROWLEY  &   CO.,   Sheffield. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oU  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale;  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  if.  6<i.  per  galloD, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  T/ti  Ryieys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

**  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill  Ironworks,  near  Dudley; 

iiS,  Queen  Victoria  Sueet,  London,  E.C.  ;  and 
136,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


|2$ 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JOLY  24,   t8 


THE  GARDENERS;^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING. 

Head  Lint  c/iar^ed  as  two. 


4  Lines... /o 

S 

0 

15  Lines... ;iCo     8 

5 

,      ...     0 

■\ 

6 

16 

0   9 

6 

,      ...    0 

4 

0 

17 

»    -  0   9 

7 

,      ...    0 

4 

6 

1» 

„   ...  0  10 

8 

,      ...    0 

q 

0 

19 

„   ...  0  10 

9 

,      ...     0 

■; 

6 

20 

„   ...  0  II 

10 

,      ...     0 

6 

0 

21 

„    ...  0  II 

11 

,       ...      0 

6 

(> 

22 

0  12 

12 

,     ...    0 

7 

0 

23 

„   ...  0  12 

13 

,     ...    0 

7 

6 

24 

0  13 

14 

,    ...    0 

8 

0 

2d 

„   ...  0  13 

If  se 

frcTOsYJT 

.-iiii 

™ms.  th 

e  lowest  charce  will  be  7,0s. 

Ifset 

across  three 

Col 

imns, 

he  lowes 

charge  will  be  ios 

Page 

». 

..£9  0  0 

Half  Page.. 

„ 

..500 

Colunrn 

■  3  5  0 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  js.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  lino 
(about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


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INVENTORIES     GOLD    MEDAL. 

The  on^y  one  awarded Jor  English  Watches! I! 


BEN  SON'S 

(NEW  PATENT,  No.  4658) 

"LUDGATE"    WATCH. 

SILVER,  -WaiiltX  GOLD, 

£5  5s.  (l^^^&Vl  12s. 


The   "Lndgate  Watcli"  la  an  English  Lever 
EOUgh  Wear,  ol  my  BEST  LONDON  MAKE, 

"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement, 

ye~u'cUed  throughout  in  rubus~true  Chronometer  balance- 
adjusted  for  extremes  of  temperature  with  damf  and  dust- 


J.  W.  BENSON, 

Watchmaker    to    the    Queen.    THE    STEAM     FACTORY, 

Lndgate  HUl,  EC. ;  23,  Koyal  Exchange,  EC; 

And  25,  Old  Bond  Street,  W.,  London. 

ESTABLTSHBD    rTJO. 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

EAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1,000.000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation    paid    for     ir2,ooo    Accidents,    >(;2  215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Est).  ' 
Apply   to  the  Clerks   at   the   Railiray   Stations,    the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :— 8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildmgs,  W  C  • 
or  at  the  Head  Office  1—64,  Cornhill,  London,  E  C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Seoetary. 


WARNER'S      Celebrated     AQUAJECTS. 
Two  Prize  Medals  awarded  Calcutta  Exhibition,  1883-4. 
Very  easy  to  work    and  the  best  implement  of  its  type. 

Numerous  Testimonials. 
Ver>  simple  and  durable. 
Will  wear  for  years. 

Price  30b. 

Ur  solicited  Testimonial 

Weston-super-Mare. 
T  o  J.  Warner  &  Sons, 

April  17.  1S85. 
From  W.  Brookes  (late 
Stephen  Brown), 
Seedsman.     Nursery- 
man and  Florist. 
Gentlemen,  —  I    have 
sent  per  rail  an  Aquaject 
I    wish    thoroughly     re- 
ed except  the  spread- 
I  do  not  want  that  at- 
hed.    /  have  had  it  in 
onstaiitty  Jor  just 
o_)    iri,  with  very  little 
(-pairs,     which     speaks 
well  for  it  :    and  I  think 
by  thoroughly  repairing 

Yours  respectfully, 
(S  gned)  W.  Brookes." 
JOHN  \\  VI    sH        D    UNS   Hjdrauhc and  Horticultural 
Engineers,    The    Crescent    Foundry.    Cripplegate,    E.C.  :    and 
The  Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Naze.  Essex.  _    To  be  ob- 
tained 0/ every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 

Wood. 

THE     GENERAL    WOOD     COMPANY, 
Swedish  Wharf,  High  Street,  Peckham,  London,  S.E., 
Supply   all   descriotions  of  WOOD   at  Wholesale    Prices   for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES,  Manufactured  DOORS,  FLOORING, 
MOULDINGS,     SASH-BARS.     RICK,    and    SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 
Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (L(i.), 

(la'e    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Established  Half  a  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, supolv  the  purest  Anthraclt-  fir  Horticultural  purpose^. 
COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
London  Offices    and    Depot.   3,    Mileage   Station, 

PaddlngtOn,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co.  will  be  pleased  to  futni-h 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  ofiea  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


%L^SSH<>FSES8<»EAtWG>i 


BW-WcRWraST 


--"  ^-^^ 


PARTNER  WANTED,  in  a  genuine  old- 
established  Freehold  Nursery  and  Florist  Business, 
owing  to  a  retirine  partner.  Capital  required  about  £,^$oo  ;  or 
the  whole  to  be  SOLD  as  a  going  concern. — Apply,  personally 
or  by  letter,  to  J.  C.  JENNINGS,  Priory  Nursery,  Acton 
Lane,  Chiswick. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  PARTNER, 
wiih  Capital,  in  Nursery,  Seed,  and  Fruit  Business 
(Old  Established),  or  will  DISPOSE  OF  THE  SAME  at  a 
valuation.— A.  B.  C,  Mr.  Robert  Bull,  Stationer  and  Photo- 
grapher, Ashbourne 

WANTED,  aHEAD  WORKING 
GARDENER,  to  take  charge  of  the  Gardens  of  a 
Country  House,  with  3  or  4  men  under  him.  Must  have  had 
some  years'  experience  (with  good  testimonials)  in  a  place  of  that 
character.  A  particular  knowledge  and  experience  in  the 
Growing  of  Roses,  and  especially  Roses  under  Glass,  is  re- 
quired, also  in  the  Cultivation  of  Herbaceous  Plants.  A  good 
cottage  with  milk  and  vegetables,  and  the  wages  (251.  a  week) 
would  be  increased  if  conduct  satisfactory  — A.  B.,  Eashing 
Park.  Godalming. 

WANTED,  a  competent  GARDENER,  able 
to  take  duties  of  Coachman.  Must  be  industrious  and 
total  abstainer. — Apply  by  letter  cn'y,  giving  references,  to 
DIXON  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Auton  Street,  Hackney.  E. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER— married, 
about  30  to  35— whcs^  Wife  will  make  herself  useful  in 
Housework  and  Poultry  Yard.  Wages  251.  per  week,  with 
house,  coals,  and  gas.  No  children.  Must  be  steady,  obliging, 
and  of  good  character. — Apply,  with  copies  of  testimonials,  to 
X.,  Cowie  &  Co.,  17,  Gresham  Street.  E.C. 

WANTED,  a  good  SINGLE-HANDED 
GARDENER,  abstainer  ;  wife  Laundress.  Cottage 
found.— Full  particulars  to  Mrs.  GRAHAM  LLOVD,  West 
Felton,  Shropshire. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  well  recom- 
mended Man  as  FOREMAN  (Indoors).  Must  have 
filled  a  similar  situation,  and  be  well  up  in  his  work.  Good 
wages  ;  bothy,  .^c.  A  Journeyman  kept.  None  but  good 
men  need  apply.—E.  F.  CROCKER,  Ham  Green  Gardens, 
near  Bristol. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN, 
for  a  leading  London  Nursery :  one  who  has  filled  a 
similar  situation  (married)  preferred. — Apply,  with  references, 
and  state  wages,  to  HORTUS,  Gnrdentrf  Chronicle  Office, 
4:,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  an  IMPROVER,  in  the  Bulb 
Department.  Good  Penman  and  smait  at  Parcelling. 
— Apply,  stating  wages,  experience,  &c.,  to  THOMAS  S. 
WARE,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries.  Tottenham.  London. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN  for  the  Houses. 
Must  be  well  up  in   Plant  culture. — Apply,   with  par- 
ticulars, to  GARDENER,  Ospringe  House.  Faversham,  Kent. 

ANTED,  AT  ONCE,asCORRESPOND- 

ING  CLERK  Preference  given  to  a  man  who  can 
Write  Shorthand  ;  must  be  a  quick  and  neat  writer.  Thi,  is  an 
exceptional  opportunity  for  a  man  of  good  character,  as  the 
situation  will  be  both  a  comfortable,  permaiient,  and  progres- 
sive one. — Apply  in  own  handwriting,  stating  age,  and  giving 
particulars  of  engaEemenls  and  salary  required,  to  THOMAS 
S.  WARE,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenhain,  London.    

WANTED,  an  INVOICE  CLERK  and 
CORRESPONDENT.  Must  write  a  good  hand  and 
be  quick  at  Figures,  and  have  had  experience  in  the  Seed  Trade. 
— State  age,  where  been  employed,  and  wages  required,  by 
letter  only,  to  HY.  CLARKE  AND  SONS,  39,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANTED,  an  INVOICE  CLERK.  Must 
write  well,  be  quick  at  figures,  and  have  had  previous 
experience  in  the  trade  as  Clerk, — Apply,  first  by  letter,  stating 
age  ard  antecedents  to  JOHN  LAING  and  CO.,  Nurseries 
forest  Hill.  S.E. 


AirANTED,  AT   ONCE,    a  young  Man   as 

V  V  ASSISTANT  in  a  Seed  and  Florist's  Business.  Must 
be  experienced  in  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making,  also  of  good 
address,  and  attentive  to  customers.  Wages  to  commence  with 
21J.  per  week  —Apply,  with  references  to  R.  S.  T.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


WANT    PLAGES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number 0/ a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instance 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
0/  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  he 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
tluir  y\  ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 


To  Noblemen  and  Landed  Proprietors. 

CH.    HAWKES,  of  Great   Queen   Street, 
•     Westminster,  S.W. -Established  ovel  twenty  years.— 
PREPARES  DESIGNS  for  Laying  out  New  Gardens,  Parks, 
Lakes,  Roads,  (tc,  or  Altering  Existing  Grounds. 
Estimates  supplied. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  seletnions 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  HoUoway,  N. 


KICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will   be    able   to   supply  any    Lady   or   Gentleman   with 


particulars,  &c.  — St,  John  s  Nu 


s,  Worceste: 


TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
McIntyrh  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared, 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


GARDENER  (Head). —  Age  38,  married, 
three  children ;  twelve  years'  m  present  situation. 
Satisfactory  reas>ns  for  leaving.— GARDENER,  Mr.  Turner, 
Cranfield  Court,  Newport  Pagnell. 

ARDENER    (Head).  —  Mr.     Chapman, 

Gardener,  Weston  Birt,  Tetbury,  Gloucestershire,  can 
with  confidence  recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Lady  or  Gen- 
tleman requiring  the  services  of  a  competen 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30  ;  fourteen 
years'  experience  in  England  and  France  ;  highest 
references  as  to  character  and  ability. — W.  CLARK,  High 
Street,  Higham  Ferrers,  Northamptonshire. 


GARDENER  (Head).— John  Derricut, 
for  the  last  eleven  years  Gardener  to  the  late  Sir  H. 
Edwards,  Bart.,C.B.,  seeks  re-engagement  in  good  establish- 
ment. Thoroughly  practical  in  jdl  branches.  Highest  refer- 
eoces— Pye  Nest,  Halifax, 

GARDENER  7head)  ;  near  London~pre^ 
ferred. — Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Excellent 
character  from  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen,  Good  references  as 
to  ability.  —  GARDENER,  5,  Rutland  Street,  Montpelier 
Square.  Knightsbridge.  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 
Ottershaw  Park,  Cliertsey,  Surrey,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  requir- 
nces  of  a  good  practical  man.     Two  years  in  present 
For  further  particulars,  please  address  as  above. 


July  24,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


127 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Middle  age; 
thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Seventeen  years' 
good  character  from  last  situation  in  large  establishment.  Active 
and  industrious.— 5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham. 

ARDENER  (Head);  age  32.— Lord  Wan- 

TAGE,  Lockinge  Park,  Wantage,  is  desirous  of  recom- 
mending H.  Brown  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  good 
all  round  Gardener,  and  competent  to  take  charge  of  a  first- 
class  establishment. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29,  married  when 
suited.— R.  Hubbard.  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall, 
Kettering,  Northamptonshire,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man. 
Fifteen  years'  expetieuct;.  Excellent  references  from  past  and 
present  employers. 


GARDENER  (Head).  —-  Thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Vines.  Pines, 
Fruits,  Plants,  &c. ,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  under- 
stands Stock  and  Poultry.  Twenty  years'  experience,  three 
and  a  half  years  Head  Gardener;  tirst-class  character  and 
testimonials.  — HEAD  GARDENER,  A.  Stedall,  Esq.,  The 
Chestnuts,  Denmark  Hill,  S.E. 

ARDENER  (Head),  where  a  man  of  ability 

and  strict  integrity  is  required,  and  the  keeping  of  every- 
thing neat  and  tidy.— Age  35.  married,  two  children  ;  total 
abstainer.  Has  had  twenty  years'  practical  experience  in  the 
Cultivation  of  Grapes,  Peaches.  Cucumber>,  Melons,  Tomatos, 
Strawberries,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns, 
Roses,  Chrysanthemums  ;  Pleasure  Grounds  and  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardens  ;  is  a  good  Plantsman,  and  Fruit  and  Vege- 
table Grower.  Excellent  chatacier.— W.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


r^  ARDENER   (Head),    in    large    establish- 

^<J^  ment.- Age  38  ;  married,  no  family  ;  tnoroughly  experi- 
enced in  all  branches  of  the  profession,  including  the  Cultiva- 
tion ot  Vines,  Pmes,  Peaches,  Melons,  Orchids,  Stove  Plants, 
&c.  ;  also  the  formation  of  New  Gardens,  Grounds,  Horticul- 
tural Building,  Engineering,  &c.,  on  the  most  approved  prin- 
ciples ;  preparing  of  Plans  and  Working  Drawings.  Three  and 
a  half  years  in  present  situation,  and  seven  years  previous  Head 
Gardener  to  the  late  Right  Hon.  Sir.  W.  Hull.  K.C.B..  at 
Appley  Towers.     Total  abstainer.  _Highest  class  character  and 


Crawley,  Sussex 


als.— W.   STANBURY,  The    Gardens,    Buchan  Hill, 


GARDEN  ER(He.\d  Working).— Age  36, 
married  ;  twenty  yeais'  practice.  Thoroughly  under- 
stands Gardening  in  all  branches.  Excellent  character  and  re- 
ference.—H.  TILBURY,  South  Lodge,  Southgate. 


/"^  ARDENER   (Head    Working).— Fifteen 

VJ  years'  experience,  first-class  references,  four  and  a  half 
years  as  Head  Gardener.  Well  up  m  Hardy  Plants,— T 
NOWELL,  Hafod-y-Biyn.  LUr.bedr.  Merionethshire.  R.S.O. 

GARDENER(Head  Working).— Married  ; 
thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches  Five  years  in 
oresent  niuation.  Leaving  through  death.  Good  character 
and  references.-GARDENER,  The  Manor  House,  Collier's 
Wood,  Lower  Tooting,  S.W. 

G "^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  29  I 
thoroughly  competent  in  all  branches.     Fourteen  years 
experience  in  Noblemen's  and  Gentlemen's_gardens._  Highest 


Chronicle  Offic. 


and  Gentle 
character  and   ability. — G.    W.,    Gardeners 
4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32  ; 
married  :  fifteen  years'  experience,  in  Orchids,  Vmes, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden. 
Two  and  a  half  years'  good  personal  character.  —  G. 
PHILLIPS,  Harllar,d-.,  Cranford.  Hounslow. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  age  33 
married  —To  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  good 
practical  man  in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Well  recommeDded 
by  last  employer.— W.  SQUIBB,  3,  Lower  Cross  Road,  Park 
Road,  Hampstead. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  34 

single  ;  twenty  yeats"  experience  in  good  establish 
ments.  Seven  years  in  present  situation,  as  Gardener  to 
C.  Leigh  Pemberton,  Esq.  Good  referencej.— J.  BUTT,  Torry 
Hill,  Sittingbourne,  Kent. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  28  ; 

thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines,  Peaches.  Melons, 
Cucun'bers  Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Orchids,  Early  and  Late 
Forcing,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens.- H.  RICHARDSON, 
Park  Cottages,  Hurstpierpoint. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  41, 
married,  no  family ;  good  practical  knowledge  of 
Gardening  in  all  its  branches.  Fourteen  years'  good  character 
from  his  last  situation.  Reducing  the  establishment  was  the 
cause  of  leaving.-C.  R.  S.,  16,  Queen's  Road.  Sutton,  Surrey 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  40, 
married,  no  family;  thoroughly  practicil  in  every  branch, 
including  Pines,  Orchids,  ^c.  Several  years  Head  Gardener. 
Excellent  testimonials  and  ch.iracter  from  last  and  previous 
places  Understand  Pasture,  and  wife  Dairy  if  required  — 
J.  VICKERS,  Radlett,  Watford.  Herts. 


G1  ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35, 
^  married,  two  children.  Total  abst.nner.  Twenty  years' 
experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  Grapes.  Peaches,  Cucumbers, 
Melons,  Tomatos,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Ferns,  Orchids,  Roses,  Chrysanthemur 
Gardening.  Excellent  charactc  "" 
Bury  St.  Edmunds. ^ 

GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING,  or  good 
Single-handed).  —  Age  25,  single  ;  understands 
Flowers,  Fruit,  Vegetables,  &c.  Good  testimonials.- W.  C, 
Cold  Bra>!ield,  Newport  Pagnel,  Bucks. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
handed.— Age  26  ;  understands  Vineries,  Orchard 
Houses,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Kitchen  and  Flower 
Garden.  Total  abstainer ;  good  references.— G.  S.,  Mrs. 
Gregory,  Castle  Street.  East  Cowes,  Isle  of  Wight. 


GARDENER.— A  Gentleman  wishes  to 
recommend  his  late  Under  Gardener,  who  has  only  left 
him  through  reduction  of  establishment.  More  than  two  years' 
good  character.— E.  W.  CRACKOFT,  Esq.,  Hackthorn  Hall, 
Lincoln. 


GARDENER  —Age  38  ;  Married— A 
Gentleman  wishei  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  who 
thoroughly  understands  Gardening  in  all  its  branches  :  also 
Laying  out  of  Grounds.  Good  references.— For  particulars, 
apply  Messrs.  J.  &  R.  ROLFE,  Land  Agents,  Beaconsfield, 
Bucks.  

GARDENER  and  BAILIFF  ;  age  46.— 
Horace  Huntley,  twenty-three  years  in  the  above 
capacity  with  the  late  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Perry  Watlincton.  desires 
a  similar  appointment.  Thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
Management  of  Gardens,  Woods,  and  Plantations  ;  Estate 
Repairs,  Cottage  Property,  and  Allotments.  Death  of  both 
employers  sole  cause  of  leaving.  References  permitted  to  the 
Venerable  Archdeacon  of  Essex  (executor)  and  others.— Moor 
Hall  Gardens,  Harlow. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  where 
help  is  given).— Thoroughly  well  up  to  the  work  of  a 
eood  Garden  :  lour  years'  good  character-— H.  R.,  2,  Highfield 
Road,  Berkhamstead,  Herts. 

GARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). 
—Age  25,  sinele  ;  thirteen  years'  practical  experience  in 
all  branches.— W.  GEORGE,  Pikes  Hill,  Epsom,  Surrey. 

GARDENER,  good  Second  under  a  Fore- 
man.— Four  years*  good  per-onal  character  from  present 
employer.— G.  H.  LEE,  Orchard  House,  Crayford,  Etiih 
Delivery,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Second),  where  three  or  four 
are  kept.  Inside  and  Out.— Age  28,  single  ;  twelve  years' 
experience.-A.  J.,  4,  Sellingcourt  Road,  Lower  Tooling,  S.W. 


G 


ARDENER  (Second),  where  four  or  rnore 

kept. — Age  24  ;  ten  years'  good  practical  experience 
ches :  twelve  months'  good  character. — J.  D.,  73A, 
reet,  Kings'  Road.  Chelsea,  S.W.  


all  bi 


GARDENER  (Second,  or  FIRST  under 
FOREMAN).— Age  ai  ;  seven  years' experience.  Inside. 
Bothy  preferred.  Thorough,  steady  and  willing.— W.  PRATT, 
Sunny  Hill,  Crawley  Down.  Sussex.  


GARDENER  (Under,  or  small  Single- 
handed). -Age  22;  understands  all  kinds  of  Green- 
house Work,  Orchids,  Vineries,  Kitchen  Garden.  Pleasure 
Ground,  &c.  Good  character.— W.  BRICKETT,  SufTork 
Lodge,  Inworth  Street,  Battersca  Park  Road,  S  W. 


GARDENER  (Under),   Inside  preferred. - 
Age  20  ;     good    character     and    well    recomniended.- 
H.  HEEREMANS,  Langley  Burrell,  Chippenham,  Wilts. 


GARDENER  (Under),  in  good  Gentle- 
man's Garden. —Age  20;  five  years'  experience  Indoors 
and  Out.  Excellent  character. -G.  STUART,  Milton  Cottage, 
Winchester  Roid.  Portswood,  near  Southampton. 

GARDENER  (Under)  ;  age  19  ; 
thoroughly  persevering  and  hard-working.— A  GARnENEK 
wishes  to  recommend  the  above.  Leaving  through  the 
reduction  ot  hands.  —  F.  WALLER,  4,  Second  Archway, 
Clapham  Common,  S.E. 


G^ 


inam  v.,ommoD,  o.iL. 

.ARDENER     (Under),    or    JOURNEY- 
MAN; age  21.  six  yeats' experience.— Mn.  TnoMfSoN, 


MAN;  age  21.  six  yeats' experience.— Mn.  Tnc 
ler,    Friclcley  Hall,   Doncaster,   can  th.roughly 


Gardener,    Fr'iclcley  Hall,   Do 
nd  a  youn; 


FOREMAN,  in  a  Private  Establishment.— 
Three  and  a  half  years  Foreman  in  last  situation.     Good 
character.— H.  BUCKLAND,  Englelield  Park.  Readin;. 


FOREMAN  ;  age  25.— Mr.  S.  ACER,  East- 
wick  Park  Gardens,  Lealberhead,  can  confidently  recom- 
mend Geo.  Fletcher  as  above,  having  been  with  him  iive 
years  ;  abstainer. 

OREMAN  ;     age  28.  —  W.  Davis  wishes 

to  engage  with  any  Gardener  as  above  ;  fourteen  years' 
practicalexperience  inall  b^anches.jncluding  Orchids,  Sto 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.—Age  27  ;  twelve  years'  experience  in  Growing 
Vines.  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants  and  Orchids.  Well  represented  by  present  and  previous 
employer.— M.  FIELD,  Stockton  House,  Codlord  St.  Mary, 
Bath. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  or  to  take  Charge  of  a  Small 
Nursery.  —  Age  24  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all 
branches  of  the  trade.  Highest  testimonials  as  to  ability  and 
general  good  character. —  S.,  CayJeners'  Chronicle  Office. 
41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  or  Manage  a  Branch.— 
Well  up  in  Gro»ing  Plants  and  Cut  Flowers  ;  twenty 
years'  experience  in  London  and  Provincial  Nurseries  —W.  B., 
24.  Speke  Road,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

FOREMAN  (Working),  in  a  Nurserj'.- 
Can  take  entire  charge.  Four  years  in  last  situation. 
Death  of  employer  cruse  of  leaving.- G.,  30,  Partnall  Road, 
Harrow  Road,  London,  W. 

To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR  and 
grower  under  Glass.— Age  28  ;  thirteen  years'  expe- 
rience in  Growing  cut  blooms  and  Pot  plants,  generally  :  well 
versed  in  making  Wreaths,  Bouquets,  &c. — Address,  stating 
particulars,  R.  G..  Swain's  Hill,  Hereford. 

OREMAN,  or  good    SECOND.— Age  26  ; 

nine  years' experience;  two  vears  in  charge  of  Glass  at 
last  nlacp.  Total  abstainer.— B.  HQGHES,  22,  Lancing  Road, 
Sheffield.    

ROPAGATOR   and  GROWER.— Age  25  ; 

eight  years'  experience  in  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
Good  references.- D.  B.,  43,  Harvard  Road.  Lewisham.  S.E. 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR,     or    GROWER,     indoors. 
Good    reference.  —  R.     BROWN,    17,     Ewald    Road 
Fulham,  S.W. 


JOURNEYMAN  (Head),  in  a  large  estab- 

tJ  lishment. — Age  34  ;  nine  years'  experience.  Good  te!,ti* 
monlals.— WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  Manor  House.  Nortleach, 
Gloucestershire. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  good  establish- 

^  ment. — Age  2t  ;  seven  and  a  half  years'  good  character. — 
J.  H.,  9,  Tetcott  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses.— 

O  T.  Carter,  Gardener,  Ospringe  House,  Faversham, 
Kent,  can  with  confidence,  rec  jmmend  to  any  Gardener, 
requiring  a  steady  trustworthy  man,  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  20  ; 

O  sixyear>' experience..  Good  reference.  — WM.  AXFORD, 
3,  Pound  Terrace,  Lyndhurst,  Hants. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  the  Houses.— Age  iS  ; 

O  five  years  in  present  situatijn.  -GARDENER,  Shenton 
Hall,  Nuneaton. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out.— Age  23  ; 

t'  can  be  well  recommended.  —  E.  C,  Little  Gaddesden 
House,  Berkhampstead. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or  to  make  himself  useful  in 
the  Garden. — Age  rg  ;  four  years'  experience  and  good 
references.— H.  BENNEIT,  Steeple  Aston,  Oxon. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out.— Age  20. 

O  Active  and  willing.  Excellent  character.— G.  GRIFFIN, 
Love  Lane,  Stourbridge. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Noble- 

tj  man's  or  Gentleman's  Garden.— Age  21  :  three  years' 
character.— A.  B.,  Mr.  Sadler,  near  Ruscombe  Church,  Twy- 
forJ,  Berks. 


He 


'MPROVER,   Inside  and  Out,  in  a  Gentle- 

-     man's  Garden. — Bothy  preferred  ;  two  years'  good  char- 
preient  place.— H.   GODFREY,  The  Bourne,  Ware, 


TO  NOBLEMEN  and  GENTLEMEN.— 
C.  Fox,  late  Foreman  to  Mr.  R.  Green,  Florist,  Loiidon, 
at  his  growing  establishment,  seeks  a  situation  in  a  Private 
Establishment.  Good  character  and  testimonials.  Married, 
age  35— C.  F.,  Grosvenor  Cottage,  Wellington  Road,  North 
Hounslow. 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— Situation  wanted  by 
a  young  man  (age  22).  Outdoor,  first-class  Budder  and 
Grafter;  eight  years  at  present  place.  — P.  H.,  A.  Brunsdon, 
Bakei's  Cottages,  Uckfield,  Sussex, 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  GARDENERS,&c.— 
Situation  wanted  by  a  young  man.  Understands  Vines, 
Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  &c.  Willing  to  fill  up  time 
at  Painting,  Glazing,  and  Repairs.  Good  character. — G.,  16, 
Liverpool  Buildings,  Liverpool  Road,  Islington,  N. 

TO  NURSERYMEN  and  GENTLEMEN. 
Wanted,  by  a  young  Man.  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  or 
Gentleman's  Garden.  Good  reference. -W.  S.,  51,  Defoe 
Road.  Church  Street,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 

TO  GARDENERS.  — J.  COOK  wishes  to 
recommend  a  strong  and  willing  youth  for  the  Gardens 
(age  16).  Eighteen  months"  experience. — Stafford  Gardens, 
Dorchester. 

OACHMAN  and  GARDENER.— Age  35, 

small  family;  thoroughly  understands  his  duties.  Gojd 
character.— PORTER,  15,  Kmg  Harry's  Row,  Romford  Road. 
Forest  Gate,  E. 

ANAGER,     or   TRAVELLEK.  —  Thirty 

years'  experience  in  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade, 
Unexceptionable  references.— J.  R.  GARAWAY,  2,  Nursery 
Villas.  Clifton,  Bristol. 

HOPMAN     (Head),     or     MANAGER.— 

Tweoty-eight  years'  experience  in  all  branches,  thorough 
business  tact,  ftrst-class  Correspondent,  good  knowledge  of 
Plants.  Excellent  references  as  to  character  and  capabilities.— 
G.,  I.  London  Road,  Yeovil. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN.  —  Age     27  ;     thirteen    years' 
experience.— QUE RC us.  Gardenert    Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


SHOPMAN,  or  otherwise.— Thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade.  Five  years  with  Messrs.  Webb 
&  Sons,  of  Wordsley,  and  other  good  references.— W.  J, 
WILLS.  Audnam.  Stourbridge. 

HOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Eight  years'  ex- 

pcrience  in  Seed  and  Nursery  Trade,  well  up  in  Plants^ 
Furnishing.  Wreaths,  Crosses,  &c.— W.  R.,  93,  Anerley  Road, 
London,  S.E. 

SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Fourteen  years' 
experience  in  the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Trade.  Satisfac- 
tory references  from  present  employers.  Messrs.  Nutting 
&  Son,  London.— A.  S.,  Mrs.  Brown,  48,  Olney  Street, 
Walworth  Road.  London,  S.E. 

HOPMAN  (Second),  or  WAREHOUSE- 

MAN,  or  would  take  full  charge  of  a  Small  House.— Age 
£4  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  Agricultural,  Vegetable,  and 
Flower  Seeds,  Bulbs,  and  Sundries.  Eight  years'  experience. 
— HORTUS,  65,  Upper  Sherriff  Street,  Dublin. 

HOLLOVVAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—Notable  Facts.— Intense  heat  augments  the  annoy- 
ances of  skin  disease  and  encourages  the  development  of  febrile 
disorders;  therefore  they  should,  as  they  can,  be  removed  by 
these  detergent  and  purifying  preparations.  In  stamach  com- 
plaints, liver  affections,  pains  and  spasms  of  the  bowels,  Holio- 
way's  unguent  well  rubbed  over  the  affected  part  immediately 
gives  the  greatest  ease,  prevents  congestion  and  inflammation, 
checks  the  threatening  diarrhcca,  and  averts  incipient  cholera. 
The  poorer  inhabitants  of  large  cities  will  find  these  remedies  to 
be  their  best  friend  when  any  pestilence  rages,  or  when  from 
unknown  causes  eruptions,  boils,  abscesses,  or  ulceration  point 
out  the  presence  of  taints  or  impurities  within  the  system,  and 
call  for  instant  and  effective  curative  medicines. 


128 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


QULY  24,    18 


NEW      MAGNIFICENT      ORCHID, 
DENDROBIUM    STRATIOTES,    Rchb.  f. 

"A  highly  curious  and  marvellous  Dendrobe,  Rchb.  f."     See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  February  27,  1886,  page  266, 

Good  Healthy  Plants,  with  young  growths,  42s.,  84s.,  and  210s.,  according  to  size. 

SENT     FREE     OF     CHARGE     TO     ANY     PART     OF     THE     UNITED     KINGDOM. 


ROYAL   EXOTIC   NURSERIES   OF  THE   COMPAGNIE   CONTINENTALE  d'HORTICULTURE 

(J.  LINDEN),  Ghent,  Belgium. 

CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 


THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

(TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  PurposeSi 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  i  "jth  Edition,  price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E. 


A  GOLD   MEDAL  i^the  highest  av.3    i)has  this  year  been  aivardtd  to  us  tnop  n  c     pet  t     tfo>  ^       ril 


1}  the  Society  of  A  rchitects.  Greenhouses  of  every 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    heated.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least  ob- 
struction to  light  and 
sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  unusual  facilities, 
dely  competition. 

Udowellto 


froit 


obtam  an  E^tir 

for  which  no  charge 
is  made,  before  placing 
their  orders  elsewhere. 

Illustrated  Calaloguex 
free.  Richly  Illustrated 
Ca  talogue,  cent  a  in  ittg 
over  to  Plates  of  Winter 
GardetiSy  Conserviiories, 
Vineries,  Plant  Houses. 
Forcing  Houses.  &r'c. ,  re- 
cently  erected  by  M.  <&* 
Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER 


COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london.    w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners*    Chronicle"    for . 
,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. . 


1886. 
Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  — 12  Months,  ^i  3^.  lO;/.  ;    6  Months,  lu.  ii(/.  ;    3  Months,  6.f. ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1  Zs.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  A^l,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor : "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitetrinrs,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  by  ihe 
said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  «i,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  July  24,  1886,  Agent  for  Manchester— Iohn  Heywoob. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


€stal)lisi)etj  I84i. 


No.  657.— Vol.  XXVI.  {ser'es.}        SATURDAY,  JULY  31,  1886. 


i  Registered  at  the  General  \     Price   5d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,   s5</. 


CONTENTS. 


Alpine  plants,  where  to 
find  

Aristolochia  trilobata     . . 

Arundinaria  flowering    .. 

Austro- Hungary,  vege- 
table products  of 

Boiler,  the  Trentham 
greenhouse 

Carnations  and  Pico  tees 
at  Slough 

Carpenteria  califoinica  . . 

Cattleya,      Mr.       Hill's 

Cinchona  in  Ceylon 


ChiriquI,  a  trip  to 
CUdoptosis=  branch-shed- 
ding         

Colonial  Exhibition     146, 
Cycads,  vitality  of 
Daffodils  in  the  Pyrenees 
Dublin,  notes  from 
Epilobium   angustifolium 
Flower  Garden,  the 
Froebel's  nursery,  Zurich 
Fruit  crop,  remarks  on  . . 
Fruits  under  glass 
Fuchsias  at  Chiswick     . . 
Genip  and  Genipa 
Ginger,  Siam 
Hardy  fruit  garden,  the.. 
Hemipilia  calophylla 

Japanese  Peppermint     ,. 
Kitchen  garden,  the 

Lettuces 

Manures 


139 


Chir 


Michigan     Horticultural 

Society  .. 
Mistleto   berries    ripe    in 

July       .  .... 

Movement  of  tendrils     . . 
NeumUnster,  Zurich 
Odontoglossum         ve.\  i  I- 

Orchid  Album  V. 
Peas  certificated .  - 
Phenological  observations 

in  Sweden 
Phyteuma  comosum       . . 
Pinus  monophylla 
Plant  exchange  i 
Plant  pathology 

Plants  and  their  culture 
Poppies,  fungus  on 
Portulaca  sonaalica 
Rubbish  heaps  and  lime 
Seed  trade,  the    . . 

Bedfordshire     Agricu 

Newcastle       Horticu 

Royal    Horticuitu  al  . 
Aberdoc 

Spar'rows    .*:  '.'.         '. 

Strawberry     growing     ; 

Mcreworth  Castle 
Ta.xodium  distichum 
Tobacco       growing        i 


legrifolis 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Bletia  verecunda  . . 
Boiler,  the  Trentham  greenhouse 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium 
Pinus  monophylla. . 
Poppy  affected  by  fungus 


148 


SCOTCH    SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
JV/£    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

~  who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  PublisJier, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON" 

Now  Ready.  In  cloth,  163. 
'J^HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

1         Volume  XXV.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 

yy.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellmgton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

n^HE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

■*■  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  for  Ameri<:a  :— C.  H.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 

ALNE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— 
The  TWENTY-SECOND  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION 
will  be  held  in  Bowood  Park,    Calne.  Wilts,    on  TUESDAY, 
August  17,  when  PRIZES  to  the  amount  ol  ONE  HUNDRED 
and  SEVENTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered.     Amongst  others 
are  the  following  Special  Prizes.  Open  to  all  England  :  — 
12  varieties  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  ^15,  £10,  Cs. 
6  varieties  of  Ornamental  Foliage  Plants,  {,10,  £i,  i,-2  loj. 
36  varieties  of  Roses,  Cup  or  £^z,  £2  10s.,  £1  105. 

Entries  Close,  August  10.  For  Schedules  and  other  par- 
ticulars apply  to  FRED.  C.  HENLY. 

HERBERT  HARRIS, 


Hon.  Sees. 


SHROPSHIRE    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  SUMMER  SHOW,    AUGUST  18  and   19.      Twenty 
plants,  £3S.  £io.  £15-     CoUection  of  Fruit,  £m,  £6,  £3.      For 
Grapes,  £3$.      All  Classes  open  to  All  England.      Schedules 
''°'^  Messrs.  ADNITT  and  NAUNTON,  Hon.  Sees. 

Shrewsbury. 

MAIDENHEAD  HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  this  Society  will  be  held  in  the 
Grounds  of  Braywick  Lodge.  Maidenhead  (by  kind  permission 
of  J.  Hibbert,  Esq.),  on  THURSDAY,  August  iq.  Entries 
Close  on  Thursday,  August  la.  Schedules  and  full  particulars 
can  be  obtained  on  application  to  ,,  ^  t^Txrr.  u  r. 
Ray  Park  Cotuge,  Maidenhead.   ^'-  °-  ^'NG,  Hon.  Sec. 


PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS. 
— Seventeenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  is.  6</.  per  dozen  ;  las.  per  100.  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carnage  free.  Also  Double  White  Primulas, 
6cl.  each.— JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 
Strong  flowering  Plants  (4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
"  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  35  each,  30s.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS,  in  pots,  11.  6d.,2S.,to  2s.6d. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 


New  Fern. 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class   Certificate).— See    full   description   in    Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  July  lo. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-ioch  pots,  each,  5^.  and  js.Sd.; 
6  for  2 1  J.  and  301. 

E.   G.    HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 


Now  Ready. 

TEA  and  NOISETTE    ROSES,     in    Pots, 
of  best  sorts  only,    in  great  ((uantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quaUty.     Priced  LIST  gratis.      A  Sample  Dozen  will  be  put  on 
rail,  carefully  packed  for  travelling,  on  receipt  of  13J.  dd. 
EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havaot,  Hants. 

Hyacinths.  TuUps.  Crocus,  &<^ 

THE       NEW       WHOLESALE      TRADE 
CATALOGUE   is  now  ready,    and   will  be  forwarded, 
post-free,  on  application. 

B.  J.  LOMANS,  Haarlem,  Holland. 

CameUlas,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  (or  Engli.h  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Locchrisly.  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,   Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars.  London.  E.C. 


FOR    SALE,  good  PALM,    LATANIA 
BORBONICA,  6  feet  through.     Priee;£s;  worth/7.— J. 
BAMPTON.  Gaidener,Normai:hurst,  Eidbgton,  Birmingham. 

OSES     IN     POTS.—  Her     Majesty,    the 

Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  151.  to  365. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

O     THE     TRADE.— TREE     CARNA- 

TIONS,    nice    plants,    twelve    best  sorts,   i^s.    per   loo. 
BOUVARDIAS,  eight  best  kinds,  good  plants,  251.  per  100. 
W.    lACKSON,    Blakedown.   Kidderminster. 


LUlum  Harrisll,  or  Bermuda  LUy. 

NUTTING  AND  SONS  have  just  received 
a  consignment  of  these  fine   Bulbs   from  Bermuda,  and 
will  quote  price  on  application. 

106,  Southwark  Street,  S.E. 


Ferns— Fems— Ferns. 

H,  B.  MAY  now  offers  an  immense  stock  of 
these,  consisting  of  all  the  most  useful  varieties  for  or- 
namental pots,  or  for  growing  on  ;  i6.r.  per  loo,  cash  with  order. 
Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edt 


CHOICE  HARDY   FERNS.— Collection  of 
40  distinct  British  and   Hardy   Exotic  kinds,   offered  in 
strong  Plants  for  20J. ,  free  by  parcel  post, 

HUSSEY  AND  SON.  Mile  End  Nursery.  Norwich. 


O  THE  T     R    A 

16  lb.  EUCALYPTUS  AMVGDALINA. 
3l  lb.  WATSONIA  DENSl FLORA. 
6  02.  CYATHEA  DREGEI  SPORES. 
Fresh  seed.     Samples  and  prices  from 
R.   W.   ADLAM,  Fordington,   Dorchester. 


D     E. 


CHARLES  TURNER'S  NewandDescriptive 
LIST  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  post-free  on  appli- 
cation. The  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough, 

To  the  Trade 
CABBAGE  and  ONION  SEED  lor  Autumn  Sowing. 

AND   F.    SHARPE    have    fine    Selected 

Stocks  of  the  above-named  SEEDS,  which  they  are 
.  Wisbech. 


H 

piepared  t 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oblam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


WANTED,  Large  PALMS,  also  32's  and  24's. 
Must  be  reasonable.     State  lowest  cash  price. 
J,  B-,    Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,    41,   Wellington   Street. 
Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,  choice  FRUIT,  also  STEPHA- 

NOTIS,  GARDENIAS,  &c. 
WISE    AND  RIDES,    Fiuit   and    Flower  Salesmen,    Fruit 
Market,  and  360,  Flower  Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


AUSTRALIAN  TREE  FERNS.— A  Lady, 
having  more  than  she  requires,  would  like  to  sell  some  very 
strong  plants  in  excellent  condition.      For  particulars,  apply  to 
Mrs,  HORNE,  25,  Archibald  Road.  Tufnell  Park,  N, 

East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS     METHVEN     AND     SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,   in  five  varieties, 
viz.,  Scarlet,  Purple,  White,  Crimson, and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
ij.,  2J.  6d„  &  5s.  each  colour.  Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh, 

pARNATION  "PRIDE  of  PENSHURST." 

V^  —The  mos,t  beautiful  yellow  (First-class  Certificate  Royal 
Horticultural  Society).  Vigorous  grower,  perpetual  bloomer, 
suitable  (or  either  pot  culiure  or  borders,  perfectly  hardy,  forces 
well.  Healthy,  well  rooted  plants,  established  in  pots,  of  this 
lovely  variety,  1 2 J.  per  dozen  ;  sample  plant  post-free  for 
fifteen  penny  stamps. 

F.  WEBBER,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

To  the  Trade  Only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Haarlem, 
•  Holland,  have  just  Published  their  Wholesale  CATA- 
LOGUE-for  the  Season  1S86-87  (75th  year,  No.  38SA),  ol  Dutch 
Flower  Roots  and  Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  Tuberous  rooted 
Plants. 

The  Catalogue  was  sent  to  all  the  Correspondents  of  the 
establishment  who  have  a  right  to  it,  and  will  be  sent  as  well  on 
prepaid  application  to  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 
only^ . 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2r,  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  AND 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Hyaclciths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  Sic. 

CG.   VAN    TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 
«     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

RIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 

— Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.  First-class 
strains  (still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
12  years).  PRIMUL.A.S  and  CINERARIAS-12  for  js.6d., 
24  fnr  2S.  dd  .  100  for  gs.       CYCLAMEN— 12  for  -zs. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON.  Oldfield  Nursery.  Altrincham  ; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 
The  White  JackmannL 
The   Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  strong  3-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  alL 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 
Other  Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 


PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  elegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high.  4J.  per  dozen.  25^.  per  100.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaging  20  inches  high.  12^. 
per  dozen  ;  less  quantity,  is.  ^d.  each.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-free.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

M"  R^  D  O  D  W  E  L  L'S  GRAND 
"  CARNATIONS,"  the  finest  grown. 
50:0  Unbloomed  Seedlings,  warranted  of  the  highest  parent 
age.  unrivalled  whether  lor  bedding  or  forcing  for  spring 
flowering.  31  6it.  per  dozen,  2U.  per  100.  Special  terms  for 
quatitilies.     Particulars  on  application. 

The  Cottage,  Stanley  Road,  Oxford. 


To  the  Trade. 

RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples  of 
•  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  on 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


CABBAGE  SEED    for    SALE.— Good    and 
true   stock.      East    Ham    and    Early    Rainham.      Price 
according  to  quantity. 

F.  WAGSTAFF.  Chalk  Pit  Farm.  Stifford.  Romford. 

LOVEL'S   STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties, 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  31/. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 

EESON'S    MANURE    is   the  best  for  all 

Horticultural  Purposes,  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2S.  6d.,  $s.  Cd., 
and  roi.  6d..  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  13s.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  cr  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  AUo  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranieed  of  the  best  quality. 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS    PEAT    for    ORCHIDS,    &c.- 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  £6  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds, 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag.  5s.  ;  5  Bags,  22s.  6d.  ;  10  B 
451.     Bags  included.  _  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,joi.6i  pe^  Bag, 


I30 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


(July  31,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  tlieir  SALE  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
August  6,  by  order  of  the  New  Plant  &  Bulb  Co.,  the  following 
five  white  CATILEYAS  :— 

Cattleya  Eluniii  I         Cattleya  Trianae  alba 

„    Wagnerii  ,,    new  species. 


Reineckia 


Onv 


t  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Frltlay  Next. 
NEW  and  RARE  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  New  Plant  &  Bulb  Company,  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68. 
Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  6,  at  hall  past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  a  grand  COLLECTION  of  ORCHID 
NOVELTIES,  brought  home  by  Mr.  Edward  Wallace,  com- 
prising : — 

A  new  Cattleya.  I  A  yellow  catasetum. 

A  grand  new  Kpidendrum.  A  new  white  Bletia. 

A  new  Terrestrial  Orchid  with     A  new  Sobralia-hke  plant, 
flowers  4  inches  across.        1  A  fine  Schomburgkia. 
Odontoglossum  Alexandra,    OdoQtoglossum    blandum    and 
coronarium,  and  others. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday,  August  10. 

The  choice  COLLECTION  of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS 

formed  by  Dr.  Munyard,  of  Kingston  Hill. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  mstructions  from  Dr.  Munyard  to 
SELL  bv  AUCTION  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C..  on  TUESDAY,  August  lo,  at  hall-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  this  choice  and  well  known  COLLECTION 
of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  in  very  fine  condition,  and 
including  splendid  varieties  of  La:lia  elegans,  Miltonia  regnelli, 
Cattleyas,  and  numerous  others,  of  which  fuller  particulars  will 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs— Special  Trade  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  now  FI.XED  their 
SALES  01  DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS,  for  the  ensuing  sea- 
son, to  take  place  at  their  large  Auction  ftooms,  67  and  C8, 
Cheapside,  F  .C. 

The  FIRSl  AUCTIONS  will  take  place  on  MONDAY, 
August  16;  Tt..JRSDAY,  August  19;  MONDAY,  August 
23  ;  THURSDAY,  August  26  ;  SATURDAY,  August  28  ;  and 
MONDAY,  August  30. 

These  Sales  will  consist  of  lots  specially  made  up  to  suit 
the  Trade  and  Large  Buyers,  and  arrangements  have  been 
made  for  the  supply  of  roots  of  the  best  quality. 

Catalogues  will  be  sent  regularly  on  application  to  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Springfield  Nursery,  Honley,  near  Huddersfleld. 

In  Bankruptcy.— j^f  John  Hev. 

MR.  FRANK  SMITH  is  instructed  by 
John  Haigh,  Esq.,  the  Official  Receiver  and  Trustee 
herein.  10  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises  as  above, 
on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  August  11  and  is, 
the  extensive  COLLECTION  of  CHOICE  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  Exhibition  VAN,  OARDEN 
TOOLS,  and  EFFECT.S,  including— Begonias  (various  kinds), 
Camellias,  Pot  Roses,  Draca:nas,  Azaleas,  Geraniums,  Pelar- 
goniums, Ixoras.  Crotons,  Bougainvilleas,  Clerodendrons,  Eu- 
phorbias, Greenhouse  Rhododendrons,  Aralias,  Kalosanthes, 
Ldiums  auratum,  lancifolium,  and  longiflorum  ;  Richardias, 
Orchids,  Fuchsias,  Petunias,  Ferns.  Eucharis,  Coleus,  Gar- 
denias, Marantas,  Alocasias,  Passionflowers,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  others  too  numerous  to  mention. 

Also  the  whole  of  the  CHOICE  EXHIBITION  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  large  specimens  of 
Bougainvilleas,  Ixoras,  Allamandas,  Stephanotis,  Rondeletias, 
Anthuriums,  Lapagerias,  Gleichenias,  F'erns,  Palms,  Cycads, 
Crotons,  &c. 

Also  a  large  EXHIBITION  PLANT  VAN,  13  feet  long  by 
7  feet  wide,  with  Waterproof  Top,  and  in  very  good  condition  ; 
GARDEN  TOOLS.  GARDEN  ENGINE,  PEAT,  SAND, 
GARDEN  POTS,  BONE  DUST,  and  other  requisites. 

The  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  will  be  SOLD 
on  WEDNESDAY,  the  first  day,  and  the  Exhibition  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  VAN,  &c.,  on  the  second 
day.     Sale  to  commence  each  day  at  n  o'Ctock  in  the  morning. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  from  the  Auctioneer,  22,  Ramsden 
Street,  Huddersfleld. 

Thursday  Next,  August  B. 
IMPORTATIO.N  of  VALUABLE  ORCHIDS. 
CATTLEYA  MENDELII,  a  splendid  importation. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  PESCATOREI,  large  and  fine  pieces. 
ADA  AURANTIACA,  large  pieces,  in  fine  condition. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  BLANDUM. 

,,    ALtXANDR/E. 
ANGULOA  CLoWESII,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  August  5,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  valuable 
Imported  ORCHIDS,  as  above. 

On  view  the  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Rare  sind  Valuable  Orchids. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  H.  Strauss,  Ehrenfeld.  Germany,  to  in- 
clude in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
August  5,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  fine  specimens  of 
the  following  Rare  and  Valuable  ORCHIDS  :— CATTLEYA 
VIOLACEA,  CATTLEYA  LEOPOLDI  (true),  ONCIDIUM 
PR.tTtXTU.'H,  CATTLEYA  VELUTINA  (true),  ONCID- 
IUM SARCODES;  also  many  other  rare  and  valuable 
ORCHIDS. 


Special  Sale  of  Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  August  it,  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for  this 
SALE  will  please  send  particulars  of  same  not  later  than 
THURSDAY  NEXT. 


Dutch  Bulbs.— Trade  Sales. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  SATURDAY,  August  14,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  his  first  consignment  this  season  of 
DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS,  from  some  of  the  leading 
Growers  in  Ho'land,  specially  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other 
Large  Buyers. 

On  view  the  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan).  Limited, 
Have  a  large  and  fine  stock  of 
EAST  INDIAN,   MEXICAN,  and  other  ORCHIDS  ;  and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  fresh    Importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  also  of  fresh  importa- 
tions as  received,  forwarded  on  application. 

The  Company  have  also  a  large  stock  of  TEA  and  other 
ROSES  inputs.  GRAPE  VINES,  FERNS.and  other  ORNA- 
MENTAL PLANTS. 

LISTS  with  full  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD   and   NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,   LIVERPOOL. 
ADDRESS  for  TELEGRAMS—"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 


Florists  or  Gardeners. 

b'  walk  from  Rye  House  Station,  G.E.R. ; 
17  miles  (rom  London. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  Plot  of  excellent  LAND, 
Walled-in,  and  with  Double  and  Single  Gates,  and  the 
frontage  of  93  feet  6  inches,  and  having  2  well-built  Glass 
Houses,  each  30  by  12  feet;  and  a  Stable  and  Chaise-house. 
Highly  adapted  tor  horticultural  purposes,  or  for  the  erection  of 
a  Villa  residence. 
Apply  to  Mr.   HENRY_  BENINGFIELD.   Ware,    Herts; 


and  16,  Union  Court,  Old  Broad  Stn 


.  E.C. 


FOR  IMMEDIATE  DISPOSAL,  a 
FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.— The  Proprietor  of  a  large 
and  highly  lucrative  business,  in  full  swing,  which  has  been 
established  for  over  twenty  years,  and  is  beautifully  situated 
in  the  main  road,  Bayswater,  known  as  Bayswaler  Hill,  and 
commands  the  traffic  from  the  principal  entrance  to  Kensington 
Gardens,  is  desirous  of  disposing  of  the  same.  There  is  an 
unexpired  term  of  fifteen  years  to  run  of  the  present  lease,  at  an 
exceptionally  low  rental,  and  the  trade  return  represents  a 
large  amount  per  annum.  The  books  show  various  records  of 
Royal  patronage,  and  a  clientele  which  includes  a  great 
number  of  the  Nobihty  and  Gentry  of  London,  also  of  numerous 
Country  patrons.  To  those  seeking  a  good  Floral  Business 
thii  is  confidently  recommended  as  a  first-class  investment.  It 
is  especially  suited  to  a  partnership  where  the  combined 
energies  of  two  or  more  practical  men  would  conduce  to  a  great 
increase,  as  a  large  portion  of  the  business  is  in  Ball  and  Kout 
furnishing,  and  in  the  ever  increasing  demand  for  floral  decora- 
tions in  refined  society  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  whole 
stock,  plant,  goodwill,  and  lease,  will  be  sold  together  as  a 
going  concern,  as  the  Proprietor,  being  practically  single- 
handed  m  the  management,  now  finds  it  much  too  great  a  strain 
up'in  him,  and  he  wishes  to  retire  in  consequence  of  ill-health. 

Further  patticulars  will  only  be  furnished  to  Principals  or 
their  Solicitors.     Apply  to 

J.  A.  KING.  29,  Queen's  Road,  Bayswater,  London,  W. 


T 


To  Florists  and  Others.— Chelsea. 
O  BE  LET,  a    Lar£;e    W.iUed    GARDEN, 

GLASS,  and  GARDENER'S  COTTAGE. 
Apply  to  N.  G.  GODFREY,  13.  Beaufort  Street,  S.W. 


To  Noblemen  and  Landed  Proprietors. 

CH.    HAWKES,  of  Great   (jueen   Street, 
•     Westminster,  S.W.— Established  over  twenty  years.— 
PREPARES  DESIGNS  for  Laying  out  New  Gardens,  Parks, 
Lakes,  Roads,  &c.,  or  Altering  Existing  Grounds. 
Estimates  supplied. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


p    A    B    B    A    G    E 

V-^                                      to  offer 

SEEDS 

— 

Dwarf  York 

Large  York 

Enfield  Market 

Early  Rainham 

East  Ham 

Eliam's  Early 

Offenham 

Dwarf  Nonpareil 

Wheeler's  Imperial 

Leeds  Market 

Flat  Dutch 

Drumheads. 

All  are  our  own    home-grown 
''"'TABER  '"and     CULLEN, 

choice    stocks.      Prices    on 

Seed    Growers,     Rivenhall, 

Witham,  Essex. 

SAMUEL    SHEPPERSON,    Florist, 
prospect   House,    Belper,   Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer    the 
following,  of  which  he  makes  a  specialty  :— 

PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS. 
—Grand  Premier  Prize  Stiain  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
White.  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  Mauve,  &c.  Fine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers.  Strong  Plants,  to  bloom 
well,  \s.  -^d.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  \s.td.  ;  gi.  per  loo,  all  free 


CINERARIA  S— C  I  N  E  R  A  R  I  A  S— 
CINERARIAS.  — Bull's  celebrated  Prize  Strain,  dwart 
compact  habit,  and  most  brilliant  colours,  cannot  possibly  be 
excelled.  Good  Plants,  is.  ^d.  per  dozen,  extra  strong  is.  6d. ; 
gs.  per  loo,  all  free. 


F 


Bulbs  for     ^^ga     Early  Forcing. 
IRST      CONSIGNMENTS      OF 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS, 

DOUBLE    ROMAN  and   PAPER-WHITE    NARCISSUS, 

to  hand.      Finest  quality  and  in  splendid  condition. 

Early  Orders  solicited. 

Complete  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  FLOWERING  BULBS 

Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 

F.      &      A.      DICKSON      &      SONS, 

The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  Chester. 


WG  O  R  D  O  N,  Importer  of  Orchids 
•  from  ALL  PARTS  of  the  WORLD.-An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  must  be  sold  at  a  great  sacrifice. 
VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certaii.ly  to  be  ob- 
tained, and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high  prices 
recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAVING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  ofl'ered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to   W.    GORDON,    The   Nurseries,  Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham.  Middlesex. 

Tree   Carnations. 

HB.  MAY  invites  an  inspection  of  his 
•  immense  stock  of  the  above,  in  43's,  consisting  of  Miss 
Joliffe,  Andalusia,  and  all  the  leading  varieties  perhaps  one  of 
the  finest  lots  ever  offered.  The  Plants  are  full  of  bud,  and  in 
the  most  robust  health.  Also  a  quantity  in  6o'5,  fit  for  immedi- 
ate potting. 
Silver  Street  and  Angel  Road  Stations.  G.E.R. ,  are  within  a 
'  walk  of  the  Nursery. 

Dyson's  Lane  Nuisery,  Upper  Edmonton- 


First  Prises, 
Magdeburg, 
1880  &    1885. 


SOW   NOW 

For  Early  nowerlng 
In  spring. 


ROEMER'S  SUPERB  PRIZE  PANSY 

K^  The  Best  Strain  in  the  World.  ^aS 

Fancy  and    Show  Varieties,    fine  mixed,  per  pound  jsi".  ;  per 

ounce, y. 
Carefully  saved  only  from  named  Exhibition  Flowers,  splendid 
mixed,    highly    recommended,    per   10,000   seeds  221. 
1000  seeds  is.  6d. 
Assortment  of  eighteen  varieties,  containing  each  one  packet,  3J. 
Giant    Prize    Show,   splendid    mixed,    enormous    flower  up  to 
4  inches  in  diameter,  per   10, coo   seeds  451.,  per  1000 
seeds  5^.,  per  packet  is. 
,,     Prize  Show,  bright  golden-yellow,  very  fine  for  bedding-, 
per  10,000  seeds  gar. ,  per  icoo  seeds  ioj.,  per  pkt.  u.  ta. 
„     Priie  Fancy,  splendid  mixed,  very  fine  and  attractive,  per 
lo.ooo  seeds  56J.,  per  1000  seeds  65.,  per  packet  is. 
Net t  per  Cash.      Catalogue  free  on  application. 

FREDERIC     ROEMER, 

SEED    GROWER,     QUEDLINBURG,     GERMANY. 

EAKLY    FORCING    BULBS, 


B.  8.  WILLIAMS' 

]\'cU  Ripened  and  Heavy  Bulbs  of 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS, 

From  5  to  ^^'i  inches  in  circumference,    151.  per  100. 

PAPER-WHITE       NARCISSUS, 

From  5  to  6  inches  in  clrcunirerence,    los.  per  100. 

DOUBLE       ROMAN       NARCISSUS, 

From  5  to  6^  inches  in  circumference,  loi.  6d,  per  loo. 


Earl7    Orders    Solicited. 

Special  Prices  will  be  given  for  large  quantities. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAV,  LONDON,  N. 

AFRICAN     TUBEROSES 

AND    LILIUM    HARBISn, 

Grown    by   Wm.    Risley,    Maritzturg,   Natal. 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
are  hereby  informed  that  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  description.  The  Bulbs  promise 
to  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  market. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  freely  for  delivery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early 
application.  Quotations  very  low.  Terms— net  cash.  For  prices 
and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


THE  HOME  OF  FLOWERS  will  be  found 
the  most  interesting  SHOW  of  FLOWERS  in  ENG- 
LAND, and  to  all  Lovers  of  the  Garden  intensely  pleasing.  All 
Plants  are  supplied  in  good  stuff,  at  the  very  lowest  price  con- 
sistent with  quality  and  correctness.  Send  fora  CATALOGUE. 
Our  LOBELIA  BLUE  KING  (First  class  Certificate  at  the 
Great  Show,  Liverpool)  is  atone  worth  a  journey  to  see. 

H.    CANNELL    &     SONS, 

SWAN  LEY,   KENT. 

CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  pyer  bushel 
(n.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6rf.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  u. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
.ii;es  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


|J}JLY  Ji.  iS^Pf] 


THE  ,  GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


131 


FOR  SALE,  30,000  GENISTAS,  in  thumbs, 
good  plants  for  .-hifting  to  ^S's,  at  13J.  per  100;  is.  dd.  per 
100  for  C3Sr;s  and  packing;  for  Cash  only.  Post*office  orders 
payable  at  Leyton  Green. 

T.  BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road. 
Leyton._  -       _  1    -    _ 

There  is  but  one 

CLEMATIS   (WHITE  JACKMANNI), 


SPIR/EA     PALMATA, 

The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the  Trade. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  BAGSHOT. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel :  loo  for  251.  :  truck  (loose,  about  a  totui), 
ios. :  4-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  SJ.  6d.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  4^.  each. 

BLACK.  FIBROUS  PtAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  J2j.  ;  sacks, 
^d  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  grf.  per  bushel ;  15J.  per  half 
ton,  26^.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d,  each. 

VELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS.  p<r.  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  (or 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Pr 


Me 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (AH  sacks  included. 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    55.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221.  dd. 
PE.'VT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   41.61/.       „       5  sacks  for  20s, 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    ^.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  25^. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  .,     "I 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  lis.  per  bush.,  jj.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  luc.uded). 

P FAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  it.  6rf.  per  bush.,  i4i.h.ilf  ton,  241.100. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     8,A  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Speciality    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MUltrack..     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2S.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsofPlants,  Flowers.  Fruits, Veeetables.&c.  Tins,  is.  &d. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3s.;  I4ib,,5s.;  281b..  Ss.;  561b.,  14s.:  icwL,22s. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb,  3s.;  28  lb. ,  5s.  6rf. ; 

561b.  los.  6rf. :  I  cwt, ,  17s.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubu's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13J. ;  no  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s;  40  sacks,  30s.    Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,   E. 

J.  JENSEN  &  CO.'S 

NORWEGIAN 

FISH -POTASH    MANURE. 

Fish  Manure  is  composed  of  flesh  and  bone—the  best 
of  all  fertilising  materials,  and  in  combination  with  pure 
Salts  of  Potash  and  Magnesia  forms  a  perfect  fertiliser, 
as  it  contains  the  important  ingredients  of  Ammonia, 
Phosphates  and  Potash  in  their  most  concentrated  and 
available  form.  It  is  equally  valuable  for  Farm  Use,  for 
Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  produces  wonderful 
growth,  especially  with  Vines. 


The  Average  Manuri^l  Constituents  are  a!  follows  : — 
Cod  Fish  and  Potasli.      Herring  and  Potash. 

Per  Cent.  Per  Cent. 

7.0  ..  ..  Ammonia       ..     ..     8.30 

20.0  .,  ..  Phosphates    ..      ..     9.0 

15.0  ..  ..  Potash     15.0 

10.0  ..  ..  Magnesia       ..      ..   lo.o 

Or,  in  other  words,  a  ton  of  COD  FISH  and  POTASH 
is  composed,  approximately,  of— 
JO  Cwt.  of  Dried  Fish  Flesh— Organic  Matter. 
4     „      of  Dried  Fish  Bone— Phosphates. 
3     ,,      Sulphate  of  Potash, 
z     ,,      Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 
I     „      of   Moisture,  and  ingredients  not  of 
—  mannrial  value. 

The  Prices  are  £10  per  Ton  (bags  included)  for  the  COD, 
and  £9  for  the  HERRING,  on  Rails  in  the  Docks,  subject  to 
Discount  for  prompt  Cash. 


Retail  Prices,  Carriage  Paid,  upon  receipt  of  POO. 

IN  TINS.-2  lb.  for  is. :  and 

IN  BAGS.  7  lb.,  2s.;  i4lb.,4S.;  23  1b.,6s.  6<;. ;  56  lb.,  loj.  td. 

iH  cwt,  20s.  ;  2  cwt.,  30S.      Bags  free. 


I2^  Apply  to  all  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  or  to 

J.    JENSEN    cS;    CO., 
10,   ST.   HELEN'S  PLACE,   LONDON,   E.C. 


For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 

'  and  CRICKET  PITCHES,' use 

""D      E      L      L      r      C      I      D      E," 

-L»  the  DAISYand  WEED  ERADICATOR.  Manufac- 
tured by  HURST  and  SON,  152,  Houfdsditch,  London,  E. 
To  be  obtained  (with  needful  instructions)  from  all  Seedsmen 
and  Florists  everywhere.    Sample  Dredger.canister,  is.  per  post. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cala- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

IlffiPORTANT    TO    GARDENERS. 


BENTLEY'S  WEED  DESTROYER. 

Invaluable  for  the  Destruction  of  Weeds 

and  Moss  on  Garden  Walks  and 

Carriage  Drives. 

Particulars  sent  Post-free. 


BECK     CHEMICAL     WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 


Soluble  Puffin 

GARDEN  IMSECTICIDE 


Pints,  IS.  ;    Quarts,  is.  id.  ;   Gallons,  ss.  6d. 
K.    M.    PHILLIPPS    &    CO..    DARTFOBD,    KENT. 


SMITH'S    WEED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


A  True  Gardener's 
Friend. 

EfTectually  Destroys 
Weeds.  Moss,  D.indc- 
li.ins.  Sic.  on  (;arden 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


ARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing   Chemist, 

LOUTH,         LINCOLNSHIRE. 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d   and  Is  each,  and  m 

Sealed  Bags  only, 

7  lb.        14  lb.        28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 

J/Q   ^  ~m   ']m  W- 

CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE   MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,     LONDON,    E. 

C.&L.  also  supply  Crushed  Bones.  BoneDust.  Peruvian  Guano, 
Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda,  in  best  qualities  only. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  aeainst  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cajte  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  loj.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6cf.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

EST     TOBACCO     ROLL     PAPER    and 

CLOTH,  at  Lowest  Price. 
T.  DENYN,  Manufactuier,    removed  to  77,   Downs  Road, 


B 


BAMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 
should  be  mthout  it.  Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
and  easily  manufactured. 

P.  B.  HARKIN,  Importer,  Button  Street,  Liverpool. 


PURE    WOODOHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES, 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 


First  Arrival  New  Archangel  Mats  this  Season. 
T      BLACKBURN     AND     SONS     are    now 

f-'  •     prepared  to  quote  Prices  to  Buyers  on  application  at 
4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  s.  Wormwood  Street,  London.  E.C. 

Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,    i  yard   wide,   jr/. ; 
2  yards.  i%d. ;    4  yards,  ^d.       A  considerable  reduction 
on  quantities  of  500  yards  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London.  E. 

NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 
My  first  oarcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
prime  quality.     Prices  on  application. 

J.^MEST.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Registerkd  Tblfgraphic  Address— JATEA,  LONDON. 

^PRADE     ONLY.  —JOHN      SHAW     AND 

J-  CO.,  30  and  31,  Oxford  Street,  Manchester.  Manu- 
facturers ot  Tiffany,  Netting,  and  all  other  Shading  and 
Protecting  Materials.  No.  i  TIFFANY,  20  yards  long, 
33  inches  wide,  in  not  less  than  10  pieces,  2s.  each.  No.  2 
1  IFFANY,  20  yards  long,  38  inches  wide,  mineralised,  in  not 
less  than  10  pieces,  2s.  «4-  each.  Cash  with  order.  Price  Lists 
on  apf'ltcation.     Special  prices  for  large  quantities. 


V 


A  N. — Box-covered,    for     Market     Work. 

Well  made  and  neatly  new.     Price,  .£35. 
Apply,    COWLES,     Woodford    Green,     Essex. 

T^XTRA  STRONG  TANNED  NET.— Kipe 

*— ^  Fruit,  Tennis  Court,  or  Poultry  Run,  i-ioch  mesh,  2  yards 
wide,  \%.<i.  per  yard  ;  4  yards  wide,  3^.  per  yard  ;  or  2  yards 
wide,  lar.  per  100 ;  4  yards  wide,  20J  per  100  yards.  New 
TWINE  NETTING,  I  yard  wide,  2rf.  per  yard;  2yardswide, 
^d.  per  yard;  4  yards  wide,  %d.  per  yard.  COTTON  NET, 
nme  meshes  to  square  inch,  ij^  yard  wide,  -jd.  per  yard  run. 

W.  CULLINGFuRD,  Forest  Gate.  E. 

RoBber's  Garden  Edging  TUeei. 


f^rHE  AT50VE  and  many  ..iher  PATTERNS 

-L      aie     made     in     materials    of     great     durabihty.       The 
plainer    sorts   are  specially  , 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,   as   they  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  d)  "i;:!  wn"    Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaoer. 

GARUEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3,1.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  far  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  preat  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  and  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above, 

I     L     V     E     R  S"   AND, 

□e  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    suppUed  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


s 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  leet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  quahties,  always  kept  in  stock- 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ol  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  JoIin'B  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 


Stock  List  and  Prices  en  af>^lic 


i  Chrontcle. 


LINDLEY'S     DESCRIPTIVE    BOTANY. 
For    Self-Instruction   and   the  Use    of  Schools.      Price 

London:    BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    and   CO.,    Bouv    ie 
Street,  E.C. 


132 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


QuLY  3t,  1886. 


CARTERS' SEEDS 


PRESENT    SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

PronJinced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
lion.     Very  distinct.      The  heads  are  extremely  firm, 
weighing  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  Sealed  I'jiltets  only— Per  Packet,  is.  and  6</.  ;  per 
(unce,  2J.     All  Post-free. 

CABBAGE-  Carters'  Mammoth  Beefheart 

n  Cabbage  in  ciiUivatton  ; 
xquisite  flavour,  very  few 
ot  readily  run.     The  finest 

.5.  €>d. 


Th;    b'rst    r  am-crop   Gardi 
very  1.1' ge  firm    heads  of  1 

Summer  Cabbage  known. 
In  Sealed  Pad  els— Per  Pkt.,  u 


LETTUCE. 


and  6d. ;  per 
Price  per  pkt.,  post-free. 

CARTERS'  r.lANT  WHITE  COS         ..     6rf.  and  i  o 

DUNNETT'S  GIANT  WINTER  COS..     6rf.  and  i  o 

HARDY  NORTHERN  KING  COS       ..         ..  i  6 
ALL  THE   YEAR   ROUND   CABBAGE 

LETTUCE 6i/.  and  I  3 


ONION. 

GIANT  ROCCA 
GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 
EARLY  WHITE  NAPLES 
GIANT  MADEIRA    .. 


Post-free.     Per  oz.     Per  pltt. 


Seetsmrn  bv  Roval  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H  R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  k  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


DANIELS'   SEEDS 

For  Present  Sowing. 

CABBAGE.  ^'l  ^}!'  ^"i.^i 

DANIELS'  DEFIANCE,  the  finest  Cabbage 

in  cuhivation,  early,   large  heads,    7  lb.  to 

10  lb.  each,  post-free  ..  ..  ..  ..     10..     16 

DANIELS'   LITTLE    QUEEN,   a  supericr 


l,ly^ 


riety 


ONIONS. 
DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA 

WHITE  ELEPHANT  TRIPOLI      .. 

GUNT  ROCCA 

CRIMSON  ROCCA        

NEW  WHITE  GLOBE 

IMPROVED  WHITE  SPANISH     .. 
Other  kinds,  6;/.  to  Srf.  per  ounce 

LETTUCES. 

DANIELS'  MONSTROUS   BROWN  COS 
„    GREEN  WINTER  COS 
„    CONTINUIIY  CABBAGE      .. 

,    TEXTER     

Other  kinds,  ^d.  and  if.  per  ounc< 


DANIELS    BROTHERS, 

16,  18,  and  20,  EXCHANGE  STREET, 
NORWICH. 

Catalogues  free  on  application. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

\  Fern 


SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  i3c»  species  and  varieties, 
including  Descriptive  *'  List  of  Nkw,  Rare,  and 
Choice  Ferns,"  and  '*  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 
free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSEBT,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


"WILSON 

JUNIOR" 
BLACKBERRY. 


ies.  the  price  of  i-year 
old  home-grown  Canes  will 
be  71.  per  dozen ;  special 
quotations  for  quantities. 
Prices  may  rule  higher  as 
the  season  comes  on  ;  should 
this  be  so,  orders  booked 
now  will  be  executed  at  the 
price  here  quoted.  Should 
competition  lead  to  reduc- 
tions, this  will  be  met. 
Orders  will  be  executed  in 
the  order  they  are  received. 

Home-Krnwn  plants  (produced  from  Raiser's  own  stock). 

VICCARS  COLLYER  &  CO..  Central  Hall.  Leicester  ; 
and  Central  Nurseries.  Glenfield,  near  Leicester. 

"CENTRAL,"  Leicester, 


GLASS.— Cut  Sizes,  from  12  by  9  upwards, 
in  100  and  200  feet  boxes,  in  is-ounce  aDd2i-ounce. 
A.    CUNNINGHAM    and    CO.,    Glass,    Lead,   and    Oil 
Warehouse,  18,  Leith  Street,  Edinburgh. 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raf&a,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Woric,  Manures,  &c      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


THE    NEW    PATENT    TUBULAR 

COMBIIATION  STAKE 
AND  CLIP, 

For  Trees,  Roses,  Dahlias,  dtc. 

(CARTWRIGHTS    PATENT.') 

THIS  PATENT  STAKE  and  CLIP 
is  at  once  simple,  etTective,  durable,  economical,  and 
safe.  It  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  tying  with  string  or 
grass  ;  and  when  once  the  tree  is  fixed  in  position  it  is  utterly 
impossible  for  it  to  get  loose  again  by  the  action  of  the  wind  or 
weather  ;  in  tact,  it  must  remain  fixed  in  position  until  the 
gardener  himself  loosens  it.  Does  not  harbour  insects  and  their 
eggs  as  do  string  and  cloth. 

The  Stake  itself  is  a  wrought-iron  tube,  and  is  made  in 
various  lengths,  from  3  feet  up  to  7  feet  6  inches. 

The  Spring  Clips  are  supplied  in  various  sizes,  of  i,  1%,  and 
2  inches  across  the  ring  when  shut,  and   are  coated  with  soft 

Light  Brass  Caps  are  also  supplied  when  required.  These 
Caps  are  fixed  on  the  top  of  the  tube  to  keep  the  rain  and  ear- 
wigs, &c.,  from  getting  in  it. 


We  can  also  supply  these 

STAKES  ADAPTED  FOR  RASPBERRY  CANES 

WHEN      GROWN      IN      CLUMPS. 

These  Stakes  are  supplied  with  two  large  Wire  Clips,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  Stake,  as  shown  in  sketch. 

MAY      BE      OBTAINED      FROM      ALL      SEEDSMEN,      &c. 


Wholesale  from  CORY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.  (Limited), 
London;  OSMAN  &  CO.,  London;  BENJAMIN  FIELD,  Swan 
Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. ;  or,  from  the  Manufacturers 
The  PLASKYNASTON  TUBE  COMPANY  (Limited),  Ruabon. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  GreenliouseB,  Peach  Honses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  ana  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  THR  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 
in  all  cases.    Uelon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  £ec.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  pari  of  the  Kingdom, 


UODERATE    CHARGES 


Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

FIRST-CLASS    WORE.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS, 


GREENHOUSES,   VINERIES,    RANGES,    CONSERVATORIES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c. 

Constructed  with  the  latest  horticultural  improvements  to  the  most  artistic  designs,  of  the  best  materials,  at  the  lowest  prices. 

THE  EFFICIENCY  OF  ALL  WORK,    INCLUDING  BOILERS  AND  HEATING  APPARATUS,  GUARANTEED. 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  Designs,  Flans  and  Estimates  tree  of  charge. 


July  31,  i886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


133 


SUTTON'S  SEEDS 

FOR    PRESENT    SOWING, 

fost-fb.ee. 


CABBAGE. 


SUTTON'S  FLOWER  OF  SPRING, 
the  best  for  autumn  sowing,  having 
been  proved  in  our  trials  to  produce 
finer  heads  and  come  earher  than 
any  other,  without  any  tendency  to 

WHEELER'S  IMPERIAL      '.'.         *.'.  ] 
ELLAM'S  EARLY  DWARF  .. 


ONION. 


GIANT  ROCCA per  02. 

GIANT  LEMON  ROCCA      ..         ..      ,. 

THE  QUEEN per  pkt. 

GLOBE  TRIPOLI         pei  oz. 


LETTUCE. 


"COS  VARIETIES 

SUTTON'S  WINTER  WHITE-very 
larRe,  compact  in  growth,  ctisp,  aod 
of  excelleot  flavour per  pkt. 

SUTTON'S    CMAMPION    BROWN      ,. 

Improved    BLACK-SEEDED    BATH  per  oz. 
CABBAGE   VARIETIES. 

SUTTON'S    COMMODORE    NUTTperpkt. 

SUTTON'S  STANDWELL 

HAMMERSMITH  HARDY  GREEN  per  oz 

STANSTEAD  PARK    .... 

DRUMHEAD  or  MALTA       09 

PRICES  and  full  p.irticulars  of  otiur  SEEDS 
FOR  PRkSENT  SOWING  may  be  had  Gratis 
and  Poil-free  on  application. 


Seedsmen   by   Royal   Warrants  to    HM    the 
Queen  and  HR.H.  tbe  Frlnce  of  Wales, 


READING. 


DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH     BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 


Containing  List  of  all  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS.  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNO\VDRl)PS,  &c.,  Iree  on  application  to 

WA  TKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,   STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

DUTCH      AND      CAPE       BULBS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 
CATALOGUE    FOR    1886. 

The  above,  containing  details  of  our  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants  (84  pages,  in  English!, 
IS  NOW  READV,  and  will  as  usual  be  sent  post-free  on  appli- 
cation to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Great  Britain, 
Messrs.  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill, 
London,  E.C. 

ANT.      ROOZEN      and      SON, 

OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 
OF    CHOICE 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS,  &c. 

li'e  have    much    plea%ur 
transplanted  Stedlings  from    our   superb   strain 
follo-wtng :—  Per  doz. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers    s.  d. 
only, beautifully  tigered  and  spotted.,     i     6 
CARNATION'S   and  PICOTEES,    from 
stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent, 
of  fine  double  blooms     . .  . .  ..16 

CARNATIONS,  choicest  yellow,  very  fine     2     6 
CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  strain       . .      16 
,,    new  dwarf,  large  flowered,  fine       ..     20 
CYCLAMEN,  Strong  young  plants,  from 

single  pots,  for  blooming  next  season . .       — 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM    ALBUM, 

pure  white,  very  fine      , .  . .  ..46 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed       ..40 

PRIMULA,    Crimson  King,    magnificent     2     6 

„     Crimson  King,  extra  strong  plants  . .     36 

,,     Daniels' choicest  white,  fine  . .         ..      16 

,,     Daniels*  choicest  red,  splendid        ..     16 
, ,     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beauti- 


l)a; 


ful 


:hoicest  mixed,  extra  strong 
deep  ultra- 


PANSY.    Emperor  ^VlUia 

marine  blue,  very  fine    ..  ..     ro..     76 

POLYANTHUS.  gold-Uced,  very  choice     10..      76 
Carriage  Paid  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order. 

DANIELS  BROS,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich. 


^EBBE' 


EMPEROR 


CABBAGE. 

The  Earliest  and  Best  Cabbage, 

6d.  and   s.  per  packet.  Is.  6d  per  ounce,  post-free. 
7b.  per  pound. 
I 


Mr.  J  Mulr.  In  tlie  "Journal  of  Horti- 
culture "  of  May  24,  says  :— 
"  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring  Cabbage 
measures  70  feet  by  50  feet,  and  liere 
we    have    many    sorts    growing.     The 
best  of  all  ttiese  at  tlie  present  time  is 
WEBBS'    EMPEROK. 


Per  Ounce, 
EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE  . 

ENFIELD  MARKET  do 

EARLY  RAINHAM  do 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 

LARGE  RED  DUTCH       do.  6d-  pet  packet 

ONION.  ,  , 

Packet. 
WEBBS'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  6d. 
WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI  6d. 

LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI  6d. 

GIANT  ROCCA 6d. 

WHITE  LISBON  

WHITE  SPANISH  or  READING 


All  Garden  Seeds  free  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


Now  Ready, 

reichenbachia; 

ORCHIDS   ILLUSTRATED 
AND  DESCRIBED. 

By     F.     SANDER,    St.    Alban's. 

This  Work  is  issued  in  Monthly 
Parts,  each  containing  four  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates  by  eminent 
Floral  Artists. 

The  History  and  Culture  of  each 
Plant  is  given  in  English,  French, 
and  German.  The  Latin  Descrip- 
tions and  Leaders,  &c.,  by  Professor 
Reichenbach. 


Price  of  each  Number  to  Subscribers, 
7s.  6d.  per  IVIonth, 

Size  oj  Plates,  2i  inches  by  \%  inches. 


Sample  Copies  post-free  on  appUcEition,  to  be  re- 
turned in  case  of  non-subscription  to 

F.  SANDER,  ST.  ALBAN'S. 


iTHE 


SATURDAY,  JULY   31,    1S86. 


LETTUCES. 

TOURING  the  present  generation  almost 
-L-'  all  garden  vegetables  and  flowers  have 
been  greatly  modified,  and,  as  we  may  well  say, 
improved,  since  their  usefulness  and  beauty 
have  been  very  much  increased.  Years  ago, 
before  the  modern  horticultural  epoch  had 
commenced— before  the  days  of  great  seedsmen 
and  nurserymen  — the  forms  of  Lettuces  were 
few,  and  they  remained  in  season  only  a  short 
time.  We  had  a  best  sort  for  standing  the 
winter,  coming  into  use  tolerably  early  in  the 
spring,  and  a  best  sort  for  the  summer,  but 
the  season  was  soon  over.  In  this,  as  in  other 
respects,  the  Lettuce  has  been  greatly  altered, 
and  it  has  become  a  much  more  useful  veget- 
able than  it  was  of  old. 

Its  forms  are  now  so  numerous  that  sixty- 
five  varieties,  including  all  the  leading  forms, 
and  several  sorts  which  as  yet  await  the  verdict 
of  experience  on  their  qualities,  were  grown 
this  season  in  Messrs.  Sutton's  trial  grounds  at 
Reading.  The  seed  was  all  sown  on  the  same 
day,  and  on  July  15  the  earliest  sorts  had 
already  quite  "  run  away,"  while  the  latest  were 
just  coming  into  season.  This  is  .t  great  im- 
provement, and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
there  are  Lettuces  now  which  may  l:e  made 
available  for  every  period  by  changin,'  ihe  times 
of  sowing  and,  in  the  winter  months,  by  the  aid 
of  glass.  But  besides  the  different  habits  of 
maturing  much  else  has  been  evolved  by  selec- 
tion. On  these  and  other  points  a  most  useful 
and  indeed  a  wonderful  lesson  may  be  read  in 
the  trial  grounds  of  our  leading  seedsmen. 

Lettuce  seed  is  grown  in  different  districts 
to  prevent  mi.xing,  for  the  Lettuce  resembles 
the  Cabbage  tribe  in  cross-breeding  freely  if 
the  varieties  are  not  kept  wide  apart.  For- 
merly, when  our  summer  sun  was  more  reli- 
able than  it  has  been  lately,  the  Lettuce  was 
seeded  in  England ;  the  seed  has  since 
been  grown— say  for  ten  years  past— almost 
entirely  in  France.  An  effective  hold  is  kept 
on  the  reins  of  this  important  branch  of  a 
seedsman's  business  in  this  way.  A  pinch  of 
seed  from  each  grower  is  sown  in  the  trial 
grounds.  A  grower  may  be  a  ,breeder  and 
selector,  and  presently,  perhaps,  he  evolves 
something  new.  There  can  be  no  such  thine 
as  the  best  all-round  Lettuce.  Commodore 
Nutt  may  be  the  best  early  sort,  which  you 
may  plant  4  inches  apart,  and  have  delicious 
little  Lettuces  the  size  of  cricket  balls.  It  is 
like  Tom  Thumb,  or  Sutton's  Golden  Ball,  an 
incomparable  Cabbage  Lettuce  of  the  dwarf 
section.  Other  sorts  have  other  qualities,  and 
when  we  pass  to  the  Reading  Mammoth  White 
or  the  Champion  Brown  we  reach,  one  might 
say,  quite  another  world  ;  for,  apart  from  other 
differences,  these  are  Cos  Lettuces,  upright  in 
their  habit  of  growth  instead  of  being  round  like 
an  ordinary  Cabbage  Lettuce.  But  the  breeder 
claims  an  improvement,  and  sends  some  seed, 
which  is  at  once  subjected  to  the  test  of  the 
trial-ground. 

The  160  plots  of  Lettuces  grown  here  are  all 


134 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[JOLY  3t,    l8 


numbered,  and  each  number,  with  full  historical 
and  other  particulars,  is  entered  in  a  large  book 
like  a  merchant's  ledger.  "  What  is  this  ?  "  we 
ask,  noticing  a  plot  of  curious  blotched  Lettuce. 
We  are  at  once  told  the  whole  story.  It  is  a 
Lettuce  with  leaves  splashed  with  stains  like 
those  of  the  spotted  Orchis.  It  was  sent  from 
Italy  on  trial,  and  must  be  discarded,  how- 
ever excellent,  on  account  of  its  objectionable 
colour. 

Of  course  the  testing  plots  exhibit  both  defects 
and  e.xcellences,  in  whatever  degree  they  may 
be  exhibited,  and  the'expert  who  makes  himself 
responsible  for  the  credit  of  his  firm  in  this 
department  proceeds  to  France  to  inspect  the 
seed  crops  with  the  lessons  of  the  "ledger" 
impressed  upon  his  mind.  This  year  an  older 
expert  accompanied  the  younger  one,  and  he 
mentioned  to  the  writer  that  he  had  been 
reading  the  lessons  of  the  trial  grounds  for  the 
last  thirty  years,  and  they  still  possessed  their 
former  interest.  Studies  of  this  kind  create 
enthusiasm,  and  lead  on  to  the  knowledge  and 
success  which  various  firms  possess  in  different 
departments  of  horticultural  enterprise. 

In  the  course  of  a  walk  along  the  long  border 
of  trial  plots  devoted  to  Lettuces  we  noted  down 
anything  that  caught  the  eye,  and  although  we 
cannot  hope  to  exhaust  the  list  of  superior  Let- 
tuces, or  to  describe  their  diverse  merits  within 
our  allotted  space,  we  shall  at  any  rate  inform 
the  reader  of  several  facts,  which  he  [too  .may 
obtain  by  the  simple  process  of  sowing  for 
comparison  next  autumn  and  spring  several 
sorts  of  seed.  Perhaps  he  may  like  mixed 
Lettuces,  for  there  are  buyers  of  such,  and  in  the 
salad  season  of  next  year  the  pricked-out  plants, 
true  to  their  kind,  will  bring  a  succession  from 
the  same  bed.  The  old  adage,  "  Tell  me  what 
company  you  keep  and  I'll  tell  you  what 
you  a're,"  does  not  apply  to  Lettuces,  whose 
individuality  is  stamped  upon  them  so  indelibly 
by  Nature's  law  and  the  selector's  art  as  to  be 
utterly  unaffected  by  companionship. 

Most  persons  will  prefer  to  sow  their 
Lettuces  separately.  There  are  three  or  four 
sorts,  each  excellent,  as  the  experts  assure 
us,  and  as  they  are  all  the  smallest,  earliest, 
and  most  dwarfed  of  the  Cabbage  or  spread- 
ing section,  they  are  specially  suitable  for 
forcing.  So  you  will  sow  for  that  purpose 
Tom  Thumb,  Early  Dwarf,  Marvel,  and  Com- 
modore Nutt,  which  last  is  well  known 
for  its  delicious  nutty  flavour.  In  fact  such 
Lettuces  as  are  now  produced  should  not  be 
mixed  together  promiscuously,  but  sown  separ- 
ately and  their  differences  observed.  Among 
those  beautiful  small  Lettuces  which  have  won 
such  favour  lately.  Golden  Ball  is  unrivalled  for 
early  forcing  and  summer  use,  says  the  thirty 
years'  student — and  his  knowledge  must  be 
complete.  Its  habits  are  excellent,  for  it  does 
not  run  quickly  to  seed  and  it  may  be  left  thick 
in  the  rows.  "  We  absolutely  gathered  them  by 
the  bushel,"  writes  an  enthusiastic  gardener,  and 
then  follows  a  minute  description  of  the  pecu- 
liarities of  this  "crisp  and  tender  Lettuce," 
whose  golden  colour  is  another  of  its  attractions. 
In  regard  to  colour.  Blonde  de  Berlin,  which  is 
popular  in  Germany,  is  the  palest  yellow  we 
met  with  in  the  whole  field,  and  recalls  very 
agreeably  the  colour  of  a  sovereign.  The  last 
of  the  Cabbage  Lettuces  which  we  shall  very 
briefly  mention  is  Standwell,  a  sort  which  does 
stand  well,  running  late  to  seed,  besides  pos- 
sessing other  merits. 

Other  sorts,  novel  or  otherwise,  are  The 
Queen,  partaking  of  the  character  both  of  a  Cos 
and  Cabbage  Lettuce,  and  which  requires  tying, 
when  it  becomes  exceedingly  tender.  All  the 
Year  Round  is  a  well  known  sort,  standing  the 
winter  well  and  lasting  a  long  time.  Drumhead 
is,  as  the  name  indicates,  a  large  Lettuce ; 
Neapolitan  Drumhead  is  similar  to  it,  but 
darker  in  colour.  A  well  known  and  widely 
distributed  sort  is  the  Hammersmith,  a  good 


winter  Lettuce  for  sowing  in  July  and  early  in 
August,  and  largely  grown  for  market.  . 

We  now  pass  on  to  the  Cos  tribe,  and  here 
our  friend  the  old  expert,  with  due  reverence  for 
the  reigning  king  of  the  Lettuces,  remove  his 
hat  to  Sutton's  Mammoth.  So  large — the 
biggest  of  the  Cos  Lettuces — and  yet  so  crisp 
and  tender  !  Not  one  of  the  Cabbage  tribe  is 
so  tender  as  this.  ''A  grand  summer  Lettuce," 
says  a  well  known  correspondent  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle.  Mr.  Rust,  of  the 
Eridge  Castle  Gardens,  and  another  good 
gardener  and  correspondent,  Mr.  Miles,  of 
Wycombe,  says  that  in  the  peculiar  property 
of  withstanding  drought  and  hot  weather  it 
excels  all  the  other  sorts  that  he  tried  against 
it.  But  here  is  another  sort  that  takes  the  eye, 
and  the  Paris  White  is  still  more  tender,  it  is 
said,  smaller,  with  a  good  heart.  As  sometimes 
happens  in  inspections  of  this  sort,  time  is  up, 
and  we  must  now  touch  upon  the  other  plots 
very  lightly.  Here  is  Brown  Cos,  rather  later 
than  either  the  White  or  Green  Cos,  and  it  does 
not  run  to  seed  quite  so  soon.  Recognition  in 
passing  of  Sutton's  Winter  White,  an  exceed- 
ingly hardy,  valuable  sort,  large,  with  every 
merit,  including  flavour,  and  one  of  the  very 
best  sorts  whose  history  is  written  in  the 
expert's  "  ledger."  This  that  follows  is  the  All 
Heart,  a  very  compact  good  sort,  with  this  dis- 
tinction, that  it  sometimes  weighs  6  lb.  to  9  lb., 
and  claims  to  be  the  biggest  hearted  Lettuce. 
The  Green  Ground  Cos  has  the  peculiarity  of 
growing  close  to  the  ground.  It  is  dwarf  and 
compact,  with  pointed,  dark  green  leaves,  and 
is  excellent  for  forcing.  The  last  on  our  list  is 
the  old  Black-seeded  Bath,  one  of  the  oldest 
sorts,  exceedingly  hardy,  and  requiring  a  little 
labour,  which  in  many  sorts  is  avoided,  since 
its  habit  of  growth  is  open,  and  it  must  be  tied. 

There  is  always  novelty  in  an  inspection  of 
this  sort  which  can  never  fail  to  increase  one's 
respect  for  the  experts  and  one's  desire  that 
success  may  still  attend  them.  H.  E. 


MR.    HILL'S   MAUVE  CATTLEYA. 

Mr.  C.  G.  Hill,  Arnot  Hill,  Nottingham,  has 
kindly  sent  me,  through  Mr.  J.  C.  Slevens  and  Mr. 
HaiiyVeitch,  the  "blue  or  mauvsCattleya. "  It  is  well 
known  that  the  "  blue  Cattleyas,"  are  now  expected 
by  some  lucky  enthusiasts  from  the  Congo  !  and  we 
expect  that  Lissochiluses  and  Angtieca,  are  among 
the  most  cherished  of  dreams,  matching  the  blue  Roses 
of  the  Rhodists. 

The  plant  of  Mr.  C.  G.  Hill  is  a  zephyrian  beauty. 
It  has  a  short  furrowed  bulb,  a  broad,  shiniog,  fine 
leaf  and  flowers,  which  I  compare  to  the  original 
flowers  of  Cattleya  labiata  Roezlii,  as  they  are  in  my 
herbarium  widely  distinct  from  the  few  fresh  ones 
I  saw  under  that  name.  The  petals  are  rather  broad, 
yet  by  no  means  in  the  way  of  those  of  Cattleya 
Trianse.  Like  the  sepals,  they  have  a  light  hue  of  a 
certain  light  purple  passing  into  light  mauve,  appa- 
rently more  so  when  fading ;  and  so  is  the  anterior 
part  of  the  wide  lip.  There  is  the  swallow-tail  yellow 
mark  of  Triana;,  wherein  the  two  rows  of  superposed 
narrow,  oblique  yellow  lines  go  from  disc  to  base. 
Column  strong,  white.  Vestiges  of  only  one  spathe. 
I  hear  there  were  four  flowers. 

Of  course  such  a  Cattleya,  lovely  as  it  is,  pur- 
chased as  an  imported  plant  of  uncertain  origin, 
cannot  be  satisfactorily  named  from  two  flowers  and  a 
bull).  l'"ot  such  cases  of  obscure  individuals,  unavoid- 
able in  consequence  of  the  immense  importations  that 
take  place,  the  system  ladvocated  by  Dr.  Masters 
should  be  thankfully  followed.  It  is  quite  a  refresh- 
ment, a  benefit,  a  consolation,  to  avoid  the  direct 
naming  of  such  an  individual  plant  [in  botanical 
form],  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


PORTULACA  SOMALICA,  N.  E.  Brown,  n.  sp. 

Plant  8 — 10  inches  high,  quite  glabrous,  except  in 
the  axils  of  the  leaves,  and  at  the  base  of  the  flowers, 
where  there  are  some  whitish  hairs,  those  in  the  axils 
of  the  leaves  being  3 — 4  lines  long,  and  conspicuous, 
those  at  the  base  of  the  flowers  very  short  and  incon- 
spicuous. Stem  fleshy,  terete.  Leaves  fleshy,  sub- 
terete,  spreading,  slightly  recurving  towards  their 
tips,  \—i\  inch  long,  i  line  thick,  the  shorter  ones 
acute,  sub-mucronate,  the  large  ones  very  acuminate. 
Involucre  of  four  leaves,  longer  than  the  flowers. 
Flowers  in  terminal  clusters  of  three.  Sepals  ovate- 
acute,  persistent,  submembranous,  tinted  with  pale 
reddish,  4  lines  long,  2 — 2A  lines  broad.  Corolla  an 
inch  in  diameter,  bright  light  yellow  inside,  pale 
pinkish  outside  ;  petals  contiguous,  and  overlapping 
each  other,  obovate-acute,  7  lines  long,  5  lines  broad. 
Stamens  numerous,  filaments  yellow  in  the  basal 
half,  orange  above ;  anthers  and  pollen  yellow. 
Stigmas  six  (always  (?),  only  one  open  flower  seen), 
yellow. 

A  native  of  Somali  Land,  Erst  Tropical  Africa, 
where  it  was  collected  by  Messrs.  James  and  Thrup, 
who  presented  it  to  Kew,  where  it  flowered  in  May 
of  this  year.  It  is  allied  to  the  West  African  P. 
foliosa,  Liodl,  but  is  readily  distinguished  from  that 
species  by  its  more  pointed  leaves,  with  long  hairs  in 
their  axils,  by  the  absence  of  a  dense  mass  of  woolly 
hairs  at  the  base  of  the  flowers,  and  especially  by 
the  broader,  overlapping,  acute  petals,  which  in 
P.  foliosa  are  narrow,  distant,  and  emarginate. 
N.  E.  Brown. 


NEUMUNSTER,    ZURICH. 

Messrs.  FKHBiiL's  Nursery. — Alpine  plants  !— 
who  does  not  love  them  that  cares  for  a  flower  at 
all  ?  It  is  not  only  because  of  the  vividness  of  their 
colours,  and  the  variety  of  their  forms,  but  they  are 
remindful  of  the  mountain  breeze  and  the  glittering 
snows,  and  they  quicken  reminiscences  of  many  a 
long  expedition  and  happy  chmb  to  their  peaceful 
solitudes. 

Of  course  it  is  best  if  it  be  possible  to  look 
for  them  in  their  own  native  habitats.  To  say 
nothing  of  the  fact  that  many  alpine  flowers 
should  be  seen  in  great  breadths  if  they  are  to  be 
appreciated  at  all,  it  is  well  to  study  their  own  way 
of  growth,  and  they  look  infinitely  better  when  they 
are  set  olf  by  their  natural  surroundings  than  they 
ever  can  appear  in  any  other  way.  But  short  of  this, 
where  can  a  few  hours'  instruction  and  gratification 
be  better  found  than  they  can  be  in  a  good  nursery 
garden  ?  And  such  an  one  I  met  with  at  Zurich 
when  I  was  visiting  the  place.  M.  Froibel  had  been 
known  to  me,  through  correspondence  and  by  his 
plants,  for  years.  I  was  glad  at  last  to  make  his  per- 
sonal acquaintance,  and  to  inspect  his  treasures. 
From  one  point  of  view,  a  walk  round  his  garden  is 
more  remunerative  than  a  visit  to  any  alpine  district 
can  ever  be.  He  draws  upon  so  many  mountainous 
regions  in  Europe  and  other  parts  o(  the  world  that 
alpine  plants  are  focussed  here,  if  I  may  use  the  ex- 
pression, and  you  can  take  them  all  in  at  once. 
A  very  rare  Saxifrage  and  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  all — Saxifraga  catalonica — from  the  mountains  of 
Catalonia;  Omphalodes  Lucilias,  from  Mount  Taurus 
in  Asia  Minor  ;  Gentiana  bavarica,  Ramondia  pyre- 
naica  (both  the  white  and  blue  varieties),  Silene 
Elizabethce,  and  other  gems  from  the  Apennines  ; 
from  the  Tyrol,  from  Switzerland,  from  the  Pyrenees, 
and  many  more  places  where  these  things  can  be 
found,  meet  together  here,  and  can  be  studied  in 
unison.  And  there  is  more  to  be  thought  of  than 
this  by  the  grower  of  alpine  plants.  It  is  undeniably 
true  that  any  of  these  alpine  favourites  which  are 
raised  from  seed  or  grown  on  from  cuttings  and  are 
afterwards  judiciously  moved  in  the  borders  from 
time  to  time  are  much  more  likely  to  do  well  than 
the  original  plants,  which  were  taken  from  the 
mountain  side,  and  are  then  reduced  to  captivity. 
The  constitution  of  the  seedling  or  the  cutting 
becomes  improved,  and  they  have  no  reminiscences 
of  other  days  to  keep  them  back  ;  they  take  to  their 
enforced  conditions  at  once.  This  is  the  great  and 
special  advantage  wliich  the  nursery  of  M.  I'rcebel 
presents.  Diflicult  and  tender  plants  which  come 
from  him  have  a  good  set-ofl"  at  the  beginning.  They  I 
are  likely  to  do  well  where  anylhing  of  the  same  sort 
will  succeed.  At  Neumiinster  I  met  with  three 
plants  which  are  so  infrequently  to  be  seen  that  they 


July  31,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


135 


would  by  themselves  repay  a  long  pilgrimage  at  once. 
They  were  all  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  to  meet 
with  these  three  in  one  place  was  quite  an  event. 
Their  names  are  these  : — Saxifraga  florulenta,  Dian- 
thus  neglectus,  and  the  third,  which  of  course  makes 
no  pretence  to  being  an  alpine,  is  Rosa  berberidifolia. 
Not  one  of  these  in  anything  like  good  condition  have 
I  ever  seen  before  ;  they  are  all  apparently  doing  well 
under  M.  Froebel's  care. 

Saxifraga  florulenta  has  been  with  me  for  a  long 
time  like  a  vanishing  Will-o'-the-wisp.  I  believe  it 
can  be  grown  in  England,  and  I  have  occasionally 
heard  of  it  in  one  place  and  another,  but  it  has  always 
been  my  lot  to  hear  where  it  has  been,  and  never 
until  now  to  see  it  where  it  is.  At  Neumiinster,  in  two 
or  three  places,  it  seems  to  be  quite  established,  and 
to  be  very  happy.  Of  course  it  is  grown  horizontally, 
and  in  the  chinks  of  a  rock,  and  from  its  flourishing 
appearance  no  one  would  judge  that  it  is  a  miffy 
subject  at  all.  I  was  sorry  to  hear  from  M.  Frojbel 
that  it  is  fast  becoming  excessively  scarce  in  its  own 
Dative  habitats.  What  a  pity  it  is  that  so  many  good 
things  seem  doomed  to  extermination,  and  the  rarer 
they  are,  and  the  more  precious,  so  much  the  faster 
does  thei*  destruction  come  upon  them.  In  this  case 
it  would  appear  that  botanical  collectors  are  especially 
at  fault.  Who  would  not  like  to  have  Saxifraga 
florulenta  that  cares  for  an  alpine  at  all  ?  This  seems 
to  be  the  only  thought  that  is  entertained— then  let  it 
be  pulled  up  ruthlessly,  and  scattered  here  and  there 
remorselessly  ;  and  thus  they  are  going  on,  so  that 
very  soon  the  inaccessible  crag  will  be  the  only  spot 
where  this  precious  Saxifrage  can  abide. 

I  was  glad  to  meet  with  Dianthus  neglectus 
at  last,  undeniably  true.  How  often  has  its  counterfeit 
been  made  to  do  duty  in  its  stead  ?  Not  that  any 
fault  can  be  found  with  Dianthus  glacialis ;  it  is 
pretty  enough,  but  then  it  is  not  neglectus,  and  one 
should  not  be  passed  off  for  the  other — they  are  very 
plainly  distinct.  I  think  Mr.  "WoUey  Dod  (to  whom 
we  are  all  so  much  indebted)  called  attention  to  this 
in  your  columns  some  little  time  ago.  He  was  per- 
fectly right  in  what  he  said,  and  Dianthus  neglectus 
(true)  quite  bears  him  out.  It  diflers  from  glacialis 
in  its  height  of  about  5  inches,  and  also  it  is  of  a  more 
sletjder  habit,  and  beyond  everything  else  it  con- 
spicuously differs  from  it  in  the  fact  that  the  under 
sides  of  the  petals  are  yellow,  and  they  almost  look  as 
if  they  were  covered  over  with  gold  dust.  There  is 
no  chance  of  any  further  confusion  when  the  right 
thing  has  at  last  been  discovered.  Rosa  berberidi- 
folia was  grown  from  seeds  which  were  sent  direct 
from  Persia.  Herr  Max  Leichtlin  informed  me  the 
other  day  that  this  was  the  only  chance  of  getting  it 
to  do  well.  He  raised  some  plants  in  this  way  a 
little  time  ago,  and  one  of  them  did  well  for  a  time, 
and  was  the  glory  of  his  garden  at  Baden-Baden  ;  but, 
alas  !  like  so  many  other  triumphs  in  other  parts  of 
the  world,  it  went  off,  and  now  it  only  lives  in 
remembrance. 

It  remains  to  be  seen  how  long  M.  Froebel  will  be 
able  to  say  that  he  is  the  possessor  of  this  glorious 
rose,  but  it  is  certain  that  he  has  it  now,  and  it  looks 
as  though  it  would  live  with  him.  May  it  be  so, 
indeed,  and  when  next  I  go  to  Zurich  may  Rosa 
berberifolia  appear  in  all  its  beauty,  naturalised  and 
quite  content  in  his  garden,  and  no  longer  a  stranger 
in  the  land.  It  is  odd  that  a  Rose  which  grows  in 
thousands  in  the  shifting  sands  of  Persia  should  be 
so  excessively  difficult  to  handle  elsewhere.  The 
soil,  we  are  told,  is  quite  matted  with  its  roots  in 
some  parts.  Why  should  it  not  beat  transportation 
as  Iris  Susiana  does  bear  it  and  other  good  things  as 
well  ?  There  was  one  little  gem  which  caught  my 
eye  at  once  on  M.  Froebel's  rockery,  and  which  must 
have  a  word  of  praise.  I  refer  to  Alsine  verna  flore- 
pleno. 

Alsine  vema  is  common  enough,  and  the  pretty  green 
cushionwith  numerous  white  flowers  is  most  recommend- 
able ;  but  Alsine  verna  flore  duplici  plenissimo  is  an  un- 
heard of  variety,  of  very  great  merit,  and  entirely  new. 
M.  Frcfibel  met  with  it  in  only  one  instance  on  the 
mountains  of  Engadine  ;  his  quick  eye  told  him  at 
once  what  a  treasure  he  had  come  across,  and  he  has 
gone  on  practically  increasing  it  till  now,  it  may  be 
hoped,  it  will  never  be  lost  to  the  world.  Each  flower 
(to  use  M.  Fruibel's  own  words)  is  formed  of  two  very 
double  flowers  embraced  one  in  the  other  in  the  way 
of  Primula  Hose-in-hose,  but  with  the  dilierence  that 
the  inside  flower  has  conserved  his  green  calyx. 
There  are  most  charming  little  heads  of  the  purest 
white  studded  over  a  carpet  of  the  most  brilliant 
green.     Alsine  veina  flore-pleno  is  a  plant  which  is 


very  much  to  be  desired.  A  white  form  of  Ramondia 
pyrenaica  is  sent  out  from  this  nursery.  It  came 
originally  with  the  ordinary  blue  sort,  but  it  far 
transcends  it  in  beauty,  and  is  considered  to  be  one 
of  the  very  finest  of  all  alpine  plants.  Ramondia 
serbica  and  R.  Nuttalis  are  also  growing  by  its  side, 
and  are  very  worthy  companions  of  it. 

On  the  rockery  Lithospermum  petrsum  and  L. 
graminifolium  called  for  instant  attention.  They  are 
much  alike  in  blossom,  and  differ  only  in  habit ;  the 
latter  is  more  low  lying  but  of  an  equally  intense  blue 
colour.  I  am  assured  that  they  are  both  quite  hardy  ; 
and  daintier,  prettier  little  plants  could  hardly  be 
imagined  than  they  are.  Potentillaspeciosa,  from  the 
Lebanon  range  ;  Ononis  fruticosa,  Helichrysum  fri- 
gidum,  from  Monte  Rotundo,  Corsica ;  Daphne 
Philippi,  from  the  Pyrenees  ;  Dianthus  cinnabarious, 
from  Greece  ;  Lithospermum  oleifolium,  from  Persia  ; 
Erinacea  hispanica,  Dianthus  spinosus  (of  which  M. 
Frcebel  possesses  only  a  single  plant),  Vella  spmosa, 
from  Spain  ;  Iberis  saxatilis,  Hypericum  cuneatum, 
Sapouaria  pulvinaris,  and  several  others  besides,  have 
found  their  way  into  my  note-book  ;  but  I  think  I 
have  said  enough  to  show  what  an  interesting  nursery 
this  is,  and  especially  in  the  way  of  alpine  rarities. 
Many  other  plants  might  of  course,  be  noticed  as  well. 
Perhaps  M.  Froebel  sets  as  much  store  on  a  glorious 
red  Water  Lily  (Nymphaea  alba  var.  rosea)  as  he 
does  upon  anything  else  in  his  possession.  It  is 
indeed  very  fine,  and  of  a  dark  red  colour.  It  is  a 
great  improvement  on  the  scarce  red  Water  Lily,  and 
it  is  only  a  pity  that  such  good  things  ate  so  olten 
difficult  to  increase  in  stock. 

Large  glasshouses  were  full  of  Begonias  and  such 
like  ;  but  I  could  not  pay  any  attention  to  them. 
Let  those  who  can  tolerate  bedding-plants  where 
alpines  can  be  seen  instead  of  them  go  where  I 
(ailed  to  go.  I  was  surfeited  with  Flora's  choicest 
gems — they  put  clean  out  of  sight,  in  my  mind,  for 
the  time  being,  everything  else  besides  themselves. 
It  just  remains  to  be  noticed  in  these  rough  notes 
that  M.  Frcebel,  who  is  such  a  very  successful  grower 
of  alpine  plants,  does  not  trouble  his  head  much  about 
the  chemical.composition  of  the  compost  in  which  he 
grows  them.  He  does  not  pretend  to  any  nice  imita- 
tion of  the  soil  in  which  his  plants  originally  were 
found.  Peat  and  sand  are  his  staple  commodities, 
and  with  these  he  is  generally  content.  A    Wanderer. 


were  in  most  instances  impossible,  and  many  a 
grower,  looking  upon  luxuriant  crops,  has  blessed 
where  in  other  seasons  he  has  been  ready  to  curse. 
The  seeds  and  the  seedsmen  are  often  blamed,  but 
the  too  anxious  sower  should  have  a  large  share  of  it. 

Many  gardeners,  and  especially  those  who  may  be 
termed  amateurs,  appear  to  labour  under  the  delusion 
that  early  sowing  necessarily  means  early  crops.  The 
experience  of  a  thoroughly  competent  judge  is  to  the 
effect  that  the  end  of  March  is  soon  enough  to  sow 
Peas,  Beans,  Parsnips,  Onions,  Leeks,'  Cabbage, 
Kales,  Cauliflowers,  Broccoli,  and  Brussels  Sprouts  ; 
while  Beet  and  Carrots  should  not  be  sown  until 
April,  as  they  are  apt  to  run  to  seed  when  sown 
earlier,  and  the  roots  are  thereby  rendered  useless. 

Some  blame  is  rightly  due  to  the  recommendations 
of  seed  catalogues.  If  any  one  will  look  over  the 
directions  running  through  these  they  will  find  that 
almost  everything  in  the  way  of  seeds  is  recommended 
to  be  sown  at  the  earliest  time,  and  the  effect  of  the 
advice  appears  to  have  been  to  encourage  some  to 
sow  even  before  the  time  named.  Probably  the 
intention  is  to  give  .a  kind  of  starting-point  when 
sowing  should  commence,  with  the  margin  of  three 
weeks  or  a  month  in  reserve  to  do  it  in. 

The  foregoing  remarks  are  intended  to  apply  only 
to  outdoor  main  crops.  But  some  of  your  corre- 
spondents must  have  had  considerable  experience 
beating  upon  the  subject  of  early  versus  late  sowing, 
and  if  they  can  be  induced  to  give  it  it  will  no  doubt 
prove  helpful  in  reaching  something  like  correct 
conclusions,  Pis-urn. 


THE   SEED   TRADE. 

Time  of  Seed  Sowing. — A  series  of  visits  paid 
to  ditTerent  parts  of  the  country  where  the  growing 
crops  can  be  seen  has  led  to  my  noticing  one  pecu- 
liarity as  3  prevailing  feature  of  the  season,  and 
as  throwing  light  on  the  subject  of  the  time  of 
seed-sowing.  The  unpropitious  weather  in  the  early 
part  of  the  present  year  necessarily  prevented  in 
great  part  the  usual  practice  of  early  sowing  for  main 
crops  of  most  sorts  of  vegeLible  seeds,  and  the  greater 
portion  of  these  were  not  placed  in  the  ground  until 
the  end  of  March  or  the  beginning  of  April— decidedly 
later  than  is  usual.  Some  might  be  led  to  think  this 
a  matter  for  regret,  but  all  through  the  country  there 
is  a  general  appearance  of  excellent  crops,  secured 
from  one  sowing,  with  scarcely  an  appearance  of 
failure. 

This  fact  seems  to  point  a  moral  to  the  effect  that, 
having  regard  to  our  uncertain  and  precarious  springs, 
early  sowings  for  main  crops  are  not  desirable.  More 
than  that,  past  experience  has  shown  in  many  in- 
stances that  too  early  sowings  frequently  end  in  dis- 
appointment and  loss.  Of  course  it  is  only  natural 
that  growers  for  market  will  risk  a  crop  for  the  sake 
of  obtaining  a  first  consignment  that  will  command 
extra  prices ;  but  they  know  their  risks,  and  if  a  par- 
ticular crop  fails  a  succeeding  one  is  at  once  sown. 
A  private  grower  who  depends  upon  his  main  crops 
for  the  season's  supply  can  hardly  venture  to  be  so 
daring. 

I  know  an  old  grower  who  for  thirty  years  past  has 
never  failed  to  sow  his  main  crop  Peas  in  April, 
and  he  has  never  failed  to  secure  a  good  produce. 
On  the  other  hand,  I  have  known  many  to  hurry 
in  their  seeds  the  first  fine  day  or  two  in  February, 
and  have  olten  had  to  sow  again  a  month  or  two 
afterwards,  thus  losing  seed  crops,  and  having  to 
incur  additional  expense  in  the  way  of  labour,  besides 
loss  of  time.  In  such  cases  when  a  burst  of  fine 
weather  in  February  has  induced  the  grower  to  sow, 
and  failure  has  followed,  the  season  is  blamed  as 
being  unkind  and  killing.    This  year  early  sowings 


WHERE     TO     FIND     ALPINE 
PLANTS. 

The  Pennine  or  Valaisian  Alps  are,  together  wiih 
the  Upper  Engadine,  the  richest  parts  of  Switzerland 
as  to  their  flora.  Some  few  hints  to  intending 
tourists  may,  therefore,  be  acceptable.  Of  all  the 
Valaisian  Alps  Zermatt  possesses  the  greatest  altiac- 
tion,  the  most  beautiful  landscape,  and  the  richest 
flora.  Of  all  the  Swiss  cantons  the  Valais  has  the 
richest  and  most  characteristic  flora.  Haller  called  it 
with  reason  the  Spain  of  Switzerland.  It  is  a  country 
remarkable  on  all  accounts,  and  nowhere  else  can  be 
found  within  so  limited  a  space  a  more  striking  con 
trast  than  that  which  is  presented  to  the  eye  on  pass- 
ing from  the  Bernese  Oberland  to  the  Rhone  valley. 
It  is  the  sky  of  Italy  after  that  of  the  icy  meadows  of 
the  North.  It  is  the  flora  of  the  South  succeeding  that 
of  Lapland. 

The  vegetation  of  the  Valais  is  that  of  the  borJirs 
of  the  Mediterranean.  All  these  barren  slopes,  burnt 
up  in  autumn  by  the  sun,  are  covered  with  a 
vegetation  different  from  that  of  the  rest  of  Swit- 
zerland. There  are  numerous  Artemisias,  of  which 
A.  valesiaca  (Allioni)  is  characteristic,  not  being 
found  elsewhere.  Stmpervivum  arachnoideum  form 
immense  patches  covered  with  white  cobweb-like 
threads  with  which  the  red  blossoms  contrast 
effectively.  Opuntia  vulgaris  covers  the  rocks  in 
the  vicinity  of  Sion  in  company  with  Ephedra 
helvetica  and  Clypeola  lonthlaspi.  Iris  germaaica 
is  so  abundant  that  the  rocks  over  Sion  are  in 
spring  empurpled  with  the  flowers  ;  here  also  are 
found  Iris  virescens  and  Tulipa  oculis  soils.  Among 
other  plants  of  the  Rhone  valley  may  be  noted 
Juniperus  Sabina,  Ononis  columnse,  O.  natrix,  Astra- 
galus  monspessulanus,  Oxytropis  Halleri,  O.  pilosa, 
Astragalus  Ooobrychis,  O.  arenaria,  Kentiophyllum 
lanatum,  Lactuca  vimioea,  Silybum  Marianum, 
Hieracium  lanatum,  Achillea  tomentosa,  A.  nobilis, 
Lolium  multiflorum,  Ruta  graveolens,  Vinca  major, 
Lychnis  coronaria,  Silene  arenaria,  Calepina  Corvini, 
Clematis  recta.  Euphorbia  Gerardiana,  Anemone 
montana,  Stipa  pinnata,  Gagea  saxatilis,  Ceterach 
officinarum.  The  Almond  grows  wild  (?)  on  the  rocks 
of  Saillon  near  Sierre,  where  also  Pomegranates  may 
be  found.  This  vegetation  is  very  different  from  that 
of  Canton  Ticino,  for  while  in  the  Canton  Tessin  the 
plants  are  tall,  robust,  bright  green  ;  in  the  Valais  the 
foliage  is  stunted,  grey,  covered  with  woolly  down. 
In  Tessin  the  plants  are  full  of  sap,  and  respond  to 
the  humidity  of  the  air  and  soil  ;  in  the  Valais  the 
dryness  of  the  air  and  the  force  of  the  wind  are 
denoted  in  the  character  of  the  vegetation. 

The  Val  d'Aosta 
has  many  analogies  with  the   Valais,   and  on  that 
side  of  the  Alps,  as  on  the  other,  the  base  of  the 
mountains  is  dry  and  arid,  and  possesses  a  similar 


136 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[July  31,  i886. 


n.ir.T.  But  what  a  difference  becomes  apparent  as 
one  mounts  the  immense  mountains  which  separate 
the  two  valleyF.  On  the  Furca  and  on  the  Simplon 
the  rocks  are  carpeted  with  Mathiola  valesiaca, 
Saxifraga  cotyledon,  and  Asplenium  septentrionale. 
Zermatt. 
If  we  go  to  Zermitt  we  find  another  change. 
There  we  do  not  take  two  steps  without  finding 
something  new.  Ten  minutes  above  the  village, 
along  a  path  which  star.s  from  the  English  church, 
may  be  found  Viola  pinnata,  Silene  valesiaca, 
Thalictrum  minus,  Alyssum  alpestre,  Slipa  pinnata. 
Astragalus  Leontinus,  arisla'u,  exscapus  and  mon- 
spellulensis,  Oxytropis  Halleri  and  Lapponica,  Gnap- 
halium  Leontopodium,  &c.  To  the  left  of  the  village, 
and  on  the  borders  of  the  cascade,  which  falls  from  the 
Findelen  glacier,  is  a  rich  station  for  Aquilegia 
alpina.  Higher  up  are  found  Primula  longiflora, 
Gregoria  Vitaliana,  Genliana  purpurea,  Chamasorchis 
alpina,  Lloydia  serotina,  Gagea  Liottardi.  In 
ascending  to  the  Riffel,  in  the  forest  of  Pinus  Cembra, 
may  be  found  Gentiana  purpurea,  Clusii,  Rhododen- 
dron ferrugineum,  &c.  If,  instead  of  following  the 
ordinary  path,  the  tourist  goes  to  the  right  along  the 
ravine,  the  most  characteristic  plant  of  the 
district  may  be  found  ;  this  is  Anemone  Hal- 
leri, which  is  only  found  in  the  upper  part 
of  the  valley  of  S.  Nicholas.  It  is  probably 
only  a  form  of  A.  Pulsatilla,  but  has  a  very  large 
corolla,  velvety  on  the  outside,  dark  blue  inside,  and 
with  a  dense  tuft  of  yellow  stamens.  Its  deeply-cut 
leaves  are  densely  covered  with  a  silky  white  tomentum. 
It  is  a  superb  plant,  which  should  be  generally  culti- 
vated, as  it  succeeds  well  in  cultivation,  and  is  very 
effective.  It  is  easily  raised  from  seed.  In  its  native 
locality  it  grows  in  light  sandy  soil,  fully  exposed  to 
the  sun.  Near  the  Riffel  large  patches  of  Colchicum 
alpinum  may  be  seen.  This  is  also  a  special  Valaisian 
plant,  not  being  found  out  of  the  canton.  Then  there 
are  Anemone  vernalis  and  B:ildensis,  Saussurea  alpina. 
Ranunculus  pyrenaeu?,  Phyteuma  hemisphoaricum  and 
P.  pauciflorum.  Lychnis  alpina,  Gentiana  purpurea, 
punctata,  bavarica  and  brachyphylla.  In  ascending 
from  the  Riff^l  to  the  Corner  Grat,  Aretia  Vitaliana, 
Androsace  carnea,  A.  glacialis,  A.  imbricata,  A. 
obtusifolia,  A.  septentrionalis,  Seneciouniflorus,  Ajuga 
pyramidalis,  Gentiana  utriculosa,  Linaiia  alpinas. 
Ranunculus  parnassiifolius,  R.  rutaefolus,  R.  glacialis, 
&c.  On  passing  over  the  Theodule  to  Breuil  may  be 
found  the  famous  Saponaria  lutea,  Saxifraga  retusa, 
and  Sempervivum  Gaudinii. 

The  Val  d'Anniviers, 
which  is  reached  either  by  the  Col  de  Meiden, 
or  by  the  Triftjoch,  is  of  richness  nearly  equal 
to  that  of  Zermatt.  Up  to  the  present,  this 
valley  has  been  less  frequently  visited  than  that 
of  Zermatt,  Saas,  or  .S.  Nicholas,  but  since  the 
Grand  Hotel  Weisshorn  has  been  built  at  an 
elevation  of  2300  metres,  the  stream  of  tourists  begins 
to  be  directed  to  that  quarter.  The  Val  d'Anniviers 
is  certainly  one  of  the  finest  in  .Switzerland,  and  offers 
in  its  upper  end  a  truly  superb  panorama.  Zinal  is 
situate  at  the  foot  of  the  great  glacier  of  Durand,  and 
in  a  beautiful  situation.  On  one  of  the  flanks  of  the 
Tounot,  at  an  elevation  of  2300  metres,  is  the  fine 
hotel,  erected  last  year  by  two  members  of  the 
Italian  Alpine  Club — Messrs.  Moroni.  It  is  reached 
from  Vissoye  or  Zinal  by  a  path  which  winds  through 
a  superb  forest  of  Larch,  Pinus  Cembra,  and  Rhodo- 
dendrons. Pyrola  uniBora,  Vaccinium,  Vitis  Idsea, 
Arbutus  uva  ursi,  many  Orchids  and  Gentians,  cover 
the  soil  of  this  forest.  Arrived  at  the  upper  limits  the 
hotel  is  reached,  situated  on  a  sunny  terrace  enamelled 
with  flowers.  Among  them  may  be  mentioned  Andro- 
sace carnea,  A.  obtusifolia,  Gentiana  brachyphylla, 
Clusii  and  purpurea,  Anlea  procumbens,  Empetrum 
nigru'ji.  Arnica  montana,  Senecio  incanus,  Leucan- 
themum  alpinum,  Phyteuma  hemisphDericum,  Primula 
viscosa,  &c.  These  grow  in  the  turf  immediately 
round  the  hotel. 

In  the  clefts  of  the  rocks  of  Tounot  may  be  found 
the  Edelweiss,  Saxifraga  oppositifolia,  .S.  Rudolph- 
iana,  S.  biflora,  Lycopodium  Selago,  Artemisia  spi- 
cata,  Gentiana  brachyphylla,  &c.  At  the  Forletaz, 
one  hour  from  the  hotel,  are  Androsace  glacialis, 
Eritrichium  nanum,  Allosorus  crispus,  Braya 
pinnatifida,  Arabis  ccerulea,  Draba  tomentosa,  Geum 
reptans,  Potenlilla  nivea,  Lloydia  serotina,  and  large 
breadths  of  Edelweiss  such  as  I  have  never  seen  else- 
where. 

To  those  who  wish  to  cultivate  these  alpine  plants 


I  repeat  that  the  best  method  is  to  collect  seeds,  or 
if  transplantation  be  imperative,  then  the  month  of 
September  should  be  chosen  for  the  operation, 
because  then  the  plants  establish  themselves  much 
more  readily  than  when  in  full  vegetation.  I  need 
not  remind  the  readers  of  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle 
that  rare  plants  need  protection,  and  that  the  smallest 
possible  number  of  specimens  should  be  taken  in  cases 
where  the  plants  are  rare.  Henry  Corrcvon,  Direclot 
of  the  Alpine  Garden  of  Acclimatisation,  Geneva. 


PINUS     MONOPHYLLA 

{alias   FREMONTIANA). 

THE  NUT  PINE  OF  NEVADA.  Fig.  24. 

I  FIRST  met  with  P.  monophylla,  when  travelling 
with  Dr.  Gray  in  Nevada,  growing  on  the  rocky 
banks  of  a  stream  below  Virginia  City.  I  was  struck 
with  its  resemblance  in  size  and  habit  to  P.  edulis, 
which  we  had  just  left  behind  us  in  Colorado,  and  at 
the  same  time  with  the  great  difference  in  colour,  edulis 
being  of  a  dull  leaden  grey  with  green,  whereas  mono- 
phylla was  more  glaucous  with  a  silvery  sheen.  On 
attempting,  however,  to  sketch  it,  1  found  I  was  only 
repeating  the  trials  that  I  had  made  to  do  justice  to 
its  ally,  and  that  without  colour  nothing  was  left 
whereby  the  two  could  be  distinguished  at  a  moderate 
distance.  Professor  Sargent,  in  his  account  of  the 
forests  of  Central  Nevada,  says  of  P.  monophylla, 
that  "it  is  easily  distinguished  from  all  other  North 
American  Pines  by  its  solitary  glaucous  terete  leaves." 
This  singular  anomaly  in  the  foliage  is  due  to  the 
cohesion  of  the  two  semiterete  leaves  of  each  sheath 
by  their  adjacent  faces,  and  is  far  from  being  a  con- 
stant character.  In  the  plants  at  Kew  the  two 
leaves  are  as  often  free  as  connate  ;  and  on  making  a 
transverse  section  of  any  connate  pair,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  vascular  bundle  traversing  the  centre  of  the 
cylinder  is,  in  fact  double,  and  that  the  two  parts  are 
sometimes  separate. 

In  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  (n.s.,  vol.  xx.,  p.  44) 
is  a  figure  (8),  showing  the  young  and  adult  foliage  of 
P.  monophylla,  and  which  are  alluded  to  on  p.  48. 
The  figure  contains  transverse  sections  of  leaves  as 
free  and  as  connate,  but  the  vascular  bundles  are 
not  shown. 

It  has  been  doubtfully  suggested  by  the  late  Dr. 
Engelmann,  and  more  recently  insisted  upon  by  Pro- 
fessor Newberry,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  New  York  Tor- 
rey  Botanical  Club  (see  Gardeners'  Chronicle  August 
29,  1885,  p.  271),  that  P.  monophylla  is  a  form  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  P.  edulis.  This  view  is  not  supported 
by  my  own  recollection  of  the  two  trees  as  they  grew 
in  their  native  countries ;  and  as  grown  at  Kew  they 
appear  to  be  entirely  different.  P.  monophylla  is  as 
conspicuous  as  edulis  is  inconspicuous,  and  its  leaves, 
besides  being  so  different  in  colour,  and  so  frequently 
connate,  are  much  longer,  stouter,  firmer,  and  pun- 
gent at  the  tip  ;  the  sheaths  are  much  larger,  and 
not  revolute  in  age  as  they  are  in  edulis.  No  doubt 
the  two  are  next  of  kin,  and  they  inhabit  adjacent 
areas  in  the  same  continent  that  run  parellel  with  one 
another  at  500  miles  distance  ;  so  also  they  attain, 
each  [in  its  own  area,  nearly  the  same  limits  of  both 
north  and  south  latitude,  namely,  32°  N.  to  39°  N., 
which  are  all  reasons  for  suspecting  them  to  be 
geographically  limited  forms  of  one  species. 

Professor  Newberry  states  that,  "  Where  in  districts 
where  edulis  and  monophylla  meet,  it  is  very  com- 
mon to  find  trees  in  which  the  foliage  is  about  equally 
divided  between  the  single  and  double  forms  ;  hence, 
it  would  seem  that  the  single-leaved  variety  is  a  some- 
what dwarfed  and  depauperate  form,  the  effect  of 
aridity  of  climate,  and  the  single  solid  leal  is  apparently 
an  exhibition  of  the  tendency,  so  conspicuous  amongst 
desert  plants,  to  reduce  the  ratio  of  surface  to  mass  in 
the  leaves,  or  the  parts  of  the  plant  which  perform 
the  functions  of  leaves."  This  reads  very  well,  but  it  is 
not  supported  by  facts.  If  either  is  a  depauperated 
form,  it  is  assuredly  P.  edulis.  The  so-called  solitary 
leaf  of  specimens  of  monophylla  from  Nevada, 
Arizona,  and  of  those  grown  at  Kew,  are  exactly 
the  measure  of  the  two  combined,  in  all  that  I  have 
examined  ;  and  I  find  no  tendency  in  larger  suites 
of  herbarium  specimens  of  both  species  to  deviate 
from  the  characters  of  leaves  and  sheath,  colour, 
&c.,  that  distinguish  them.  I  am  not  aware  whether 
their  male  and  female  flowers  and  cones  have  been 
critically  compared. 

P.  monophylla  forms  a  small  tree  20  to  50  feet 
high,  with  a  reddish  scaly  bark,  short  trunk,  some- 


times 6  feet  in  girth,  and  irregular  ramification.  It 
extends  southward  from  Carson  City  to  the  mountains 
of  East  Arizona,  growing  in  dry  gravelly  slopes  and 
rocky  elevations  of  5000  to  6oool  feet,  and  often, 
according  to  Professor  Sargent,  characterising,  along 
with  Cercocarpus,  a  region  which  presents  the  mini- 
mum of  North  American  forest  development. 

P.  monophylla  is  a  very  slow-growing  tree ;  the 
wood  is  very  fine-grained,  white,  and  soft  to  cut,  and, 
though  close  in  texture,  brittle  ;  Professor  Sargent 
states  that  in  this  respect  it  resembles  the  Juniperus 
californica  var.  utahensis  of  the  same  region,  and 
that  a  specimen  he  examined  from  the  same  locality 
as  the  Juniper,  though  only  5i  inches  in  diameter, 
showed  113  rings  of  growth;  nevertheless,  he  sug- 
gests its  introduction  into  the  South  of  Europe  "as  a 
subject  for  forest  planting,  as  it  might  flourish  there 
on  the  dry  hills  and  exposed  hill-sides  which  it  has 
been  found  so  difficult  to  recover  with  any  evergreen 
tree."  To  make  such  plantations  successful  in 
Europe,  this  Pine  must  grow  a  great  deal  faster  than 
it  does  in  Nevada  ;  the  attainment  of  a  height  of  only 
30  feet,  and  a  diameter  of  trunk  of  half  a  foot  in  a 
century,  is  not  an  encouraging  prospect  for  the 
forester.  It  is,  however,  worth  the  trial  ;  rate  of 
growth  is  determined  by  favourable  conditions  of  soil 
and  climate,  and  if  in  these  respects  the  dry  hills  of 
the  Mediterranean  are  not  all  that  could  be  wished, 
they  are  incomparably  better  than  those  of  Nevada  ; 
still,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that,  favourable  as  the 
climate  of  Kew  must  be  in  respect  of  soil  and  mois- 
ture, as  compared  with  either  Nevada  or  the  South 
of  France,  the  P.  monophylla  has  made  very  slow 
growth  at  Kew,  not  attaining  6  feet  in  height  in 
twenty  years.  It  grows  faster,  however,  than  P. 
edulis,  and  appears  to  be  on  every  account  better 
worth  cultivation  than  that  tree. 

The  only  two  qualities  that  recommend  P.  mono- 
phylla to  the  dweller  in  the  district  it  inhabits  are  those 
attributed  to  its  ally,  namely,  the  abundance  of  edible 
seeds  afforded  by  its  cones,  and  the  value  of  its  timber 
as  firewood.  The  latter  quality  threatens  its  extinction, 
for  it  is  in  great  demand  as  fuel  for  the  engines  at 
the  mines,  and  is  hence,  as  I  was  informed,  rapidly 
becoming  a  scarce  tree.  J.  D,  Hooker. 


REMARKS    ON    THE    FRUIT 
CROPS,   1S86. 

\For  Tabulated  Summary,  see  p.  107-] 
SCOTLAND. 

Aberdeen. — Apples  had  very  little  blossom,  on 
some  trees  none  ;  what  there  was  did  not  set.  In 
this  district  they  may  be  said  to  be  a  complete  failure. 
Pears  never  do  well,  but  this  season  is  the  worst  I 
have  seen  during  fifteen  years.  Plums  are  a  large 
crop  on  Victorias,  Jefferson,  and  Coe's  Golden  Drop  ; 
other  sorts  are  under  average.  Cherries  are  also  a 
poor  crop.  Small  fruits  have  suffered  from  high 
winds,  but  though  under  average  are  of  good  quality. 
Early  Strawberries  are  a  large  crop  ;  late  sorts  not 
quite  so  good.  J.  Forrest,  Haddo  House. 

Banff. — Apricots,  Peaches,  and  Plums  are  our 
best  fruit-tree  crops.  The  latter,  through  having  a 
light  crop  last  year,  have  generally  a  good  crop,  both 
on  walls  and  standards,  Damsons  (Shropshire) 
being  the  lightest.  The  heavy  crop  last  year  of 
Apples,  together  with  the  influence  of  a  cold,  wet, 
ungenial  autumn,  prevented  wood  and  buds  becoming 
properly  developed.  The  display  of  blossoms  this 
spring  showed  so  weak  and  imperfect  that  it  failed  to 
set.  Pears,  especially  upon  walls,  are  somewhat  better. 
Cherries  are  a  light  crop  and  poor.  Bush  fruit,  with 
the  exception  'of  Gooseberries,  is  good,  yohn 
Webster,  Gordon  Castle, 

East  Lothian. — We  never  had  a  better  appear- 
ance for  fruit  than  we  had  this  year,  but  the  cold, 
damp,  sunless  weather  and  frosty  nights  when  the 
trees  were  in  bloom  has  told  heavily  against  standard 
Pears  and  Apples.  Lord  Suffield,  Worcester  Pear- 
main,  and  a  few  of  the  more  hardy  varieties  of  Apples 
have  a  good  crop.  Pears  on  walls  are  pretty  fair. 
Plums  are  very  thin,  except  Victorias.  Morello 
Cherries  are  excellent.  Apricots  will  be  poor. 
L,  Darj),  Newbythe,  Prestonkirk. 

Forfar. — There  is  a  fair  crop  of  all  outdoor  fruits 
this  year.  Last  summer  was  dry,  and  the  wood  was 
better  ripened  than  it  has  been  for  years.  Although 
the  temperature  only  twelve  times  exceeded  70°,  the 
highest  on  July  25  was  77' ;  the  rest  of  the  twelve 
times  was  only  from  71'  to  75'.     The  winter  was 


July  31,  1S86.J 


THE     GARDENERS     CHRONICLE. 


137 


long  and  cold,  which  kept  vegetation  at  rest  till  far 
on  in  the  spring,  and  since  then  it  has  been  dry  and 
cold,  with  more  than  ordinary  brilliant  sunshine. 
Clear  and  bright  both  night  and  day  on  July  2  the 
temperature  stood  at  80°  (or  four  hours.  I  do  not 
recollect  of  it  standing  so  long  at  that  6gure  during  all 
the  thirty-three  years  I  have  been  here.  Nevertheless 
all  kinds  of  fruit  are  rather  late.  We  only  got  the  first 
dish  ot  Strawberries  yesterday.  J.  Mitchell,  Panmurc, 
Carnoustie. 

The  crop  of  Apricots,  except  under  glass,   is 

under  rather  this  season.  Plums  an  average,  espe- 
cially the  Victoria,  which  seems  able  to  withstand  the 
spring  frosts  better  than  other  kinds.  Cherries  about 
an  average,  but  only  cultivated  in  gardens.  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  are  rather  under,  and  are  only  culti- 
vated on  walls  and  under  glass.  Apples  are  miserably 
poor ;  only  once  before  have  we  seen  so  poor  a  crop. 


most  of  the  free-bearing  sorts,  such  as  Warner's  King, 
Ecklinville,  Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Lord  Suffield, 
Stirling  Castle,  Hawthornden,  King  of  the  Pippins, 
Worcester  Pearmain,  Golden  Spire,  Lane's  Prince 
Albert,  Loddington,  Court  of  Wick,  and  Keswick 
Codlin,  are  bearing  excellent  crops.  Pears  are  a 
better  crop  on  standards  than  on  the  walls,  Beurie 
d'Amanlis,  Hacon's  Incomparable,  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey,  Napoleon,  Catillac,  and  Hessle,  all  bearing 
fine  crops  on  standards.  On  walls  Beurre  d'Arem- 
berg.  Doyenne  du  Cornice,  Comte  de  Lamy,  Easter 
Beurre,  Marie  Louise,  Beuric  Diel,  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien,  Hacon's  Incomparable,  Beurre  Bosc,  and 
jargonelle,  are  bearing  best.  Plums  are  generally  a 
fine  crop,  but  they  have  suffered  a  good  deal  from 
insect  attacks.  Cherries  are  a  good  crop,  but  have 
also  suffered  from  insects.  Apricots,  Peaches,  and 
Nectarines  suffered  much  from  the  cold  wet  weather 


Fig.  24.— piNUS  monophvlla.     (see  p.   136  ) 
iSkelched  in  Nevada  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker.) 


Pears  are  a  little  better,  but  by  no  means  an  average. 
Small  fruits,  such  as  Gooseberries  and  Currants,  in 
many  places  are  fairly  good  where  any  attention  to 
culture  has  been  given.  Strawberries  we  reckon  to 
be  an  average.  Nuts  are  not  cultivated  in  the  Carse. 
Carse  of  Cowrie. 

Kinross. — This  is  a  poor  season  for  fruit,  indeed 
we  have  not  had  the  like  of  it  for  a  great  many  years. 
Cherries  did  not  set,  and  are  only  about  the  fourth 
of  a  crop.  Apples  are  very  scarce  and  very  small  ; 
Pears  the  same.  Gooseberries  two-thirds  of  a  crop. 
but  of  a  fine  size.  Currants  of  sorts  rather  poor. 
Raspberries  are  an  average  crop.  Strawberries,  some 
sorts  good,  others  a  poor  crop.  J.  Fortune,  Blair 
Ailam. 

Midlothian— The  cold,  wet  spring  retarded  the 
flowering  of  fruit  trees  for  nearly  a  month  later  than 
the  usual  period,  and  the  blossom  escaped  injury 
from  late  frost  ;  still  the  "set"  of  fruit  was  not  over- 
abundant, and  was  considerably  thinned  by  the  cold 
raw  weather  in  the  end  of  May.  The  crop,  on  the 
whole,  is  a  bare  average.    Apples  are  a  fair  crop,  and 


in  May,  and  the  crops  are  light,  but  the  fruit  clean 
and  fine.  Strawberries  are  a  good  crop,  but  very  late. 
Gooseberries,  Currants,  and  Raspberries  are  abundant 
and  fine.  Generally,  fruit  is  large,  fine,  and  clean  ;  and 
if  favoured  with  fine  weather  to  bring  it  to  maturity  the 
crop  will  turn  out  well.  Vegetable  crops  are  also  very 
late,  but  of  excellent  quality,  and  promise  abundance 
for  the  rest  of  the  season.  M.  Dunn,  Dalkeith, 


ENGLAND.— NORTHERN    COUNTIES. 

Westmoreland.— Owing  to  the  cold  autumn  last 
year  wood  did  not  get  ripened,  consequently  we  did 
not  have  much  show  of  blossom,  and  the  blossom 
that  did  show  was  destroyed  by  the  fierce  winds  we 
had  in  May.  This  last  spring  has  been  the  coldest 
and  most  sunless  we  have  ever  experienced.  IV.  Miller, 
I'nderley,  Kirkby  Lonsdale. 

Northumberland. — Apples,  Pears,  and  Plums 
are  very  much  under  what  we  had  last  year,  which  is 
certainly  due  to  the  wet  and  sunless  autumn  we  had. 
Fig  trees  of  Brown  Turkey  are  very  heavily  cropped. 


Raspberries  are  also  heavily  cropped.  Currants, 
Gooseberries,  and  Strawberries  are  all  good.  Peaches 
and  Apricots  have  heavy  crops,  and  look  well.  Sea 
Eag'e  Peach  is  a  grand  outdoor  Peach,  being  strong 
and  healthy.  D.  Inglis,  Howick  Hall. 

Durham.  —  Fruit  generally,  though  not  abund- 
ant, is  quite  equal  to  what  may  have  been  expected, 
considering  the  unripened  state  of  last  year's  growth, 
and  the  long  continuance  of  severe  weather  both 
winter  and  spring.  I  do  not  remember  a  later 
spring.  Apricots  were  three  weeks  behind  the  usual 
time  of  blooming,  and  no  doubt  the  one  principal 
cause  of  the  buds'  slow  development  was  the  result 
of  the  land  being  so  long  saturated  with  snow-water, 
which  produced  slow  and  sturdy  growth  ;  and  had  it 
not  been  for  the  unusually  late  and  severe  spring 
frosts  there  would  have  been  a  good  crop,  judging 
from  the  amount  of  bloom.  R.  Westeott,  Raby  Castle, 
Darlington, 

Apples    and    Pears   are  ery   poor    crop 

in  our  county.  The  late  frost  cut  up  the  blossom,  that 
all  (ell  off.  Ojly  late  Bowers  set  their  fruit,  this  being 
very  noticeable  in  the  Jargonelle  Pear,  consequently 
they  are  small,  owing  to  being  so  late.  Strawberries 
are  finer  than  we  have  had  them  for  some  time. 
Gooseberries  are  a  heavy  crop,  and  other  small  fruits 
are  a  good  average.  Raspberries  terribly  cut  by  late 
frosts.   J.  Hunter,  I.ambton  Castle. 

Lancashire.— There  was  once  every  prospect  of 
a  good  all-round  fruit  crop,  but  the  cold  and  violent 
wind  that  blew  chiefly  (rom  the  west,  as  late  as  the 
middle  o(  June,  shrivelled  both  fruit  and  (oliage. 
Even  the  leaves  of  forest  trees  on  the  wind  side  were 
brown  and  looked  starved,  and  the  ground  was  more 
than  once  covered  with  battered  leaves.  As  I  write 
the  wind  is  blowing  cold  and  with  such  force  that 
such  crops  as  Brussels  Sprouts  in  the  garden,  which 
(.ills  westward,  are  nearly  twisted  out  of  the  ground. 
Pears  on  west  walls  are  all  gone.  /(-'.  P.  Roberts, 
CuerJon  Halt,  freston. 

All  fruit  trees  upon  walls  are  very  disappoint- 
ing this  year.  There  was  a  good  show  of  bloom  : 
Pears  and  Apples  a  failure,  and  Plums  only  a  partial 
crop.  Although  we  had  no  frost  at  the  time  the  trees 
were  in  bloom,  we  had  very  cold  and  wet,  dull 
weather,  bringing  out  the  blooms  in  a  weak  unhealthy 
state,  and  so  spoiling  the  set  of  fruit.  The  trees  like- 
wise were  late  in  showing  active  growth.  Taking 
crops  in  general  this  is  the  latest  and  worst  season  we 
have  had  for  years.  Early  Strawberries  are  a 
good  crop,  but  one  night's  frost,  whilst  the  later 
varieties  were  in  bloom,  spoilt  the  crop  of  these. 
H.  Li'ulsay,  Hunt,ovJ  Pai  h,   Burnley. 


MIDL.\ND  COUNTIES. 

Cheshire.— In  this  district  there  was  a  good 
show  of  bloom  on  fruit  trees  of  nearly  all  descriptions, 
and  the  absence  of  frost  when  the  Plums  were  in 
flower  caused  large  crops  of  fruit  of  these  to  set. 
Damsons  also,  which  are  largely  grown  in  this 
county,  are  more  abundant  than  for  many  years 
previously  The  cold  weather,  with  frost  and  snow, 
which  prevailed  through  a  great  portion  o(  the  spring, 
destroyed  a  great  part  of  the  flowers  and  embryo  fruit 
of  Apples  and  Pears,  so  that  the  crops  of  these  are 
generally  thin  j  small  fruit,  plentiful  ;  Strawberries,  a 
moderate  crop.    W.  Whittaker,  Cteioe  Hall,  Creiv.', 

Shropshire.  —  Apples  and  Pears  gave  great 
promise  of  an  abundant  crop,  but  on  May  27  we  had 
a  tremendous  hailstorm,  which  literally  cut  things 
to  pieces,  and  anything  that  was  in  flower  at  the  time 
was  destroyed.  Lord  Suftield,  Stirling  Castle, 
Cellini,  and  Small's  Admirable  are  bearing  heavy 
crops,  while  others  are  a  blank,  so  that  on  the  whole 
Apples  are  decidedly  under  average.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  Beurre  Die!,  Beurre  d'Esperen,  Williams' 
Bon  Chretien,  and  Beurre  d'Amanlis,  Pears  are  in  the 
same  condition  ;  while  Damsons  and  Plums  are  over- 
loaded with  fruit.  Bush  fruits  are  plentiful,  while 
Strawberries  are  in  great  want  of  rain.  y.  Louden, 
The  Qitinla,  Chirk. 

The  fruit  crops  in  this  district  are  under  the 

average.  Pears  are  very  thin  indeed,  and  especially 
on  wall  trees.  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Brockworth 
Park,  General  Todtleben,  Winter  Nelis,  Beurce 
Ranee,  and  Huyshe's  Prince  of  Wales  are  the  only 
varieties  which  are  carrying  an  average  crop,  whereas 
most  of  the  other  leading  varieties  are  almost  nil. 
Apples  are  also  very  light,  and  also  Apricots.  Plums 
are  over  the  average,  and  trees  are  very  free  from 
blight,      Peaches   and    Nectarines   are  also   bearing 


138 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[July  31,  1S86, 


heavy  crops  o(  fruit.  Strawberries  are  a  good 
crop,  but  smaller  than  usual  through  the  want  of  rain. 
All  small  fruits  are  good.  Nut;  quite  a  failure. 
R.  Milner,  Sundonie  Castle,  Shrewdnoy. 

Staffordshire.— With  a  few  exceptions  the  fruit 
crops  in  this  district  are  good.  Owing  to  the  severe 
weather  in  March,  which  retarded  their  blossotniog, 
we  have  a  fair  crop.  Pears  and  Apples  being  abund- 
ant last  year  around  this  district,  we  could  not  expect 
a  heavy  crop.  Small  fruits  are  very  good.  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  set  well,  and  look  promising.  Dam- 
sons are  abundant— the  best  crop  for  many  years. 
Apricots  are  very  small,  and  much  under  average. 
G.  Wythes,  TeJdcdey  Park. 

Leicestershire. — Taken  as  a  whole  the  fruit  crop 
round  here  may  be  considered  a  good  one.  Apples  were 
very  full  of  blossom,  but  it  was  very  wet  and  cold  at 
the  time  of  blooming,  so  that  only  a  small  poriion  set, 
and  a  great  many  trees,  especially  of  the  Codlin  sort, 
are  infested  with  a  kind  of  red  rust.  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  are  looking  well  and  a  good  crop,  but  late 
Plums  are  a  very  heavy  crop.  Currants  and  Rasp- 
berries are  a  good  crop.  Strawberries  are  good, 
rather  smaller  than  usual,  and  about  three  weeks  later. 
G.  C.  MaynarJ,  Cole  Orion  Halt,  Ashby-dela-Zouch. 
Warwickshire.— Fruit  crops  are  generally  good 
this  year,  more  especially  Cherries  and  Plums,  as 
compared  to  last  year.  Pears  and  Apples  are  an 
average,  and  in  some  districts  in  this  neighbourhood 
they  are  above  an  average  ;  but  there  are  to  be  found 
orchards  which  are  comparatively  bare,  another  proof 
that  there  is  no  rule  without  an  exception.  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  are  not  much  grown  here  out-of-doors, 
indoors  they  are  very  fine.  Small  fruits  are  every- 
where plentiful,  clear  of  aphis,  and  of  excellent 
quality.  Strawberries  are  very  fine,  and  where  they 
were  liberally  mulched  before  the  commencement  of 
the  late  drought  they  suffered  little,  and  in  these  cases 
the  fruit  was  large  and  fine.  W.  Miller,  Coombe 
Abbey. 

Bedfordshire. — The  Apple  crop,  which  once 
looked  so  promising,  will,  in  this  district,  be  below 
average.  Ttie  trees,  although  free  from  aphis,  are 
blighted  and  unhealthy.  Cherries  are  a  fair  average. 
Apricots  very  scarce,  no  bloom  from  the  first.  Plums  : 
Victorias  and  Damsons  a  heavy  crop  in  some  places. 
Pears  average,  but  in  want  of  warmer  nights  to  swell 
them  off.  Strawberries  the  worst  failure  for  years. 
Currants  and  Gooseberries  plentiful  and  clean.  Rasp- 
berries giving  up  for  want  of  rain.  A.  AJackay, 
Woburn  Abbey, 

Bucks. — Peaches  and  Nectarines  very  good  this 
season  ;  trees  look  well  and  have  not  been  troubled 
with  greenfly.  The  same  applies  to  Plums,  which  are 
a  very  good  crop.  Morello  Cherries  are  very  fine,  and 
scarcely  any  black  aphis.  Pears  very  thin,  and 
Apples  scarcely  any  in  this  locality.  Strawberries  pro- 
mised well,  but  the  exceptionally  dry  weather  has  in- 
jured the  crop  very  much.  Figs  (out-of-dnors)  are  a 
good  crop.  Gooseberries,  Currants,  and  Raspberries 
are  abundant.    T.  Balllie,  SharJeloes,  Amersham. 

Apples,  although   very  late  in   flowering,  are 

almost  a  failure,  I  think  owing  to  so  much  dull  wet 
days  when  in  flower,  combined  with  a  low  tempera- 
ture, prevented  the  bloom  setting.  Plums  are  a  very 
heavy  crop,  the  trees  are  breaking  down,  we  are 
tying  up  the  branches  with  tarred  string.  Cherries  are 
also  a  good  crop.  Small  fruits  of  all  kinds  are 
abundant  and  good..  J.  Smith,  Mentinore. 

Apples    here,     and     in    this     district,    are 

very  scarce.  Plums  are  here  under  average,  but 
in  other  places  in  the  locality  they  have  a  full 
crop  both  on  wall  trees  and  standards.  Of  Pears 
we  have  none,  and  they  are  rather  under  average 
in  the  neighbourhood.  Filberts  are  not  half  a  crop, 
and  very  much  blighted.  Walnuts  are  a  total  failure. 
Bush  fruit  is  very  abundant ;  but  Strawberries,  that 
flowered  abundantly  in  some  places,  are  about  an 
average  crop.  Morello  Cherries  have  ciopped  fairly 
well,  and  sweet  varieties  are  abundantly  cropped.  /K. 
Waters,  Buhtrodc  Park  Gardens,  Gerrard's  Cross. 

Hertfordshire. — The  frosts  on  April  30  and 
May  1  reduced  the  fruit  crops  generally  very  much. 
We  have  an  average  crop  of  Pears,  but  the  fruit  does 
not  promise  to  be  so  good  as  usual,  which  I  attribute 
the  heavy  crop  of  last  year,  and  the  fruit  is  much 
damaged  by  caterpillars.  Strawberry  plants  were 
much  weakened  by  the  dry  weather  last  summer,  and 
the  first  blooms  were  spoiled  by  the  frosts  on  the 
above  dates.   G.  Norman,  Hatfitll. 

Apples    very   short    crop,    except    on    trees 

sheltered  from  cold  winds,  on  which  there  is  a  fair 


crop.  Trees  of  all  kinds  suffered  from  the  caterpillar. 
Lord  Suffield,  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  Worcester 
Pearmain,  and  Lord  Grosvenor  Apples  are  amongst 
the  best  crop?.  Pears  are  a  fair  crop,  trees  and  fruit 
very  clean  and  healthy.  All  small  fruits  are  a  very 
abundant  crop.  Gooseberry  trees  almost  denuded  of 
foliage  by  caterpillars,  and  it  is  impossible  to  keep 
them  under  by  syringing,  hand-picking,  and  the 
various  other  methods  tried.  Strawberries,  since  the 
rain  on  July  II,  12,  and  13,  improved  very  much. 
James  Veitch  has  stood  the  drought  better  than  any 
other  variety.  The  crop  on  the  whole  is  less  than 
it  has  been  for  the  past  ten  years  J.  C.  iJiindell, 
Moor  Park. 

EASTERN  COUNTIES. 
Lincolnshire. — The  lateness  of  the  season  en- 
couraged the  hope  of  an  Apple  crop,  but  the  pro- 
longed occurrence,  even  in  June,  of  cold,  ungenial 
weather,  checked  the  growth,  chilhd  the  bl  jssom, 
and  resulted  in  an  almost  total  failure  in  this  fruit. 
Pears  suffered  in  the  same  way,  and  the  crop  is  thin 
and  partial.  Apricots  scarcely  recovered  from  the 
exhaustion  of  a  heavy  crop  last  year,  and  the  bloom 
was  scanty.  Peaches  are  bearing  well.  Cherries 
suffered  from  the  blighting  influence  of  a  cold  spring- 
time, but  are  recovering.  The  crop  of  Gooseberries 
is  very  great  ;  Currants  equally  good.  Raspberries, 
checked  at  the  moment  of  producing  bloom,  have  not 
recovered,  and  the  canes  are  yellow  and  unhealthy. 
Drought  has  diminished  the  Strawberry  crop.  W. 
In<;rain,  Pclvoir  Castle,  Grantham. 

The     worst     crop    of    Apples    and     Pears 

that  has  been  in  the  whole  neighbourhood  for 
twenty-one  years.  Gooseberries,  Currants  and  Rasp- 
berries— the  last  named  will  be  much  benefited  by 
some  good  showers.    G.  B.  Tillyard,  Bmcklesby  Park. 

Norfolk. — The  crops  of  fruit  of  all  kinds  are 
very  light,  and  mildew  seems  very  prevalent  owing  to 
the  cold  nights  succeeding  hot  dry  days.  The  wind 
has  been  N.  and  N.E.  most  of  the  summer,  and  a 
very  small  rainfall,  which  is  also  detrimental  to 
everything.    T.  Wynne,  Wrothani  Hall. 

SUFFOLIC. — Apples  are  a  poor  crop  in  this  locality. 
Orchard  trees  almost  a  failure,  but  nice  crops  on 
espaliers.  Plums  in  abundance.  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines again  carrying  average  crops,  though  foliage 
terribly  cut  up  wi;h  long  cold  spring,  but  now  healthy 
and  growing.  Pears  will  be  an  average.  Gooseberries 
in  abundance.  Currants  and  Raspberries  very  good. 
Strawberries  good  crop  but  late.  Filberts  and  Walnuts 
under  average.  The  recent  rain  was  most  acceptable, 
and  will  crown  us  with  a  good  fruit  season.  G.  IV. 
Eden,  Henha/n,  Loioestoft. 

The  fruit  crop,  taken  altogether,  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood is  not  considered  to  be  up  to  the  average. 
We  sulf:;red  somewhat  from  spring  frosts  and  strong 
winds  just  as  the  Apples  and  Pears  were  in  full 
flower,  and  great  damage  was  done.  B^th  Apples  and 
Pears  will  be  under  average,  but  all  kinds  of  stone 
fruit  is  most  abundant.  Strawberries,  too,  are  poor 
on  light  soils,  but  that  is  chiefly  owing  to  our  having 
had  two  very  arid  seasons  in  succession.  I  never 
remember  seeing  the  Cherries,  Plums,  Peaches,  and 
Nectarines  so  free  from  aphis.  J.  Mill,  Rendleshain 
Hall,  Woodbiidse. 

Apples  and  Pears  generally  thin  ;  good  show 

of  Apple  blossom,  which  were  starved  by  a  long  con- 
tinuance of  co'd  weather  rather  than  by  any  excep- 
tionally severe  frosts.  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and 
Apricots  exceptionally  plentiful,  as  well  as  Cherries. 
Plums  variable— abundant  on  standards,  and  scarce 
on  walls.  Bush  fruits,  especially  Raspberries,  very 
fine  ;  Gooseberries  and  Currants  generally  plentiful — 
black  less  so  than  white  and  red  Currants.  D.  T. 
Fish,  Hardwick. 

Essex. — Apples  are  likely  to  be  very  limited  in 
quantity.  Orleans,  Victoria,  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
Day's  Seedling  Plums  are  already  breaking  the  trees 
down  with  the  weight  of  fruit.  Morello  Cherries  are 
abundant,  and  recent  rains  are  ripening  them  well. 
William  Earley,  Iljord. 


SOUTHERN  COUNTIES. 
Berkshire. — Apricots  not  a  good  crop,  branches 
dying  off  more  than  usual.  Plums  plentiful  on  wall 
trees,  particularly  cordons  ;  on  standards  irregular. 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  much  subject  to  blister. 
Apples  promised  well,  but  are  generally  a  very  light 
crop,  especially  orchard  trees.  Pears  on  walls, 
notably  on  cordons,  look  well,  and  carry  good  crops ; 


standards  and  pyramids  in  cold  and  exposed  places 
have  irregular  crops.  Small  fruits  of  all  kinds  are 
very  abundant,  and  of  good  quality.  Strawberries 
suffered  very  much  from  dry  weather.  Walnuts  very 
few.    G.  Stanton,  Park  Place,  Henley. 

Middlesex.  —  Apricots  are  very  thin  indeed. 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  fairly  good.  Apples  have 
not  at  all  come  up  to  the  promise  of  the  bloom,  but 
there  will  be  relatively  about  half  a  crop,  and  pro- 
bably a  fine  sample.  Pears  are  fairly  abundant, 
though  now  much  thinner  than  originally  promised. 
Cherries  of  sweet  kinds,  especially  May  Dukes  and 
Bigarreaus,  very  good  crops,  and  Morellos  abundan*. 
Plums  are  plentiful,  especially  Damsons  ;  and  of 
small  fruits,  red  and  black  Currants,  Gooseberries, 
and  Raspberries  are  heavy  crops.  Strawberries  pro- 
mised well,  but  suffered  from  the  exceeding  heat 
later.  A.  Dean,  Bed  font. 

Surrey. — In  this  district  trees  of  all  kinds  were 
well  set  with  bloom,  the  continued  frost  and  general 
low  temperature  affected  the  Apples,  Pears,  and 
Plums,  after  setting  their  fruit.  The  best  crops  of 
Apples  and  Plums  are  to  be  found  on  southeast 
aspects  in  the  orchards.  The  wall  trees  are  heavily 
cropped.  Bush  fruits  are  excellent.  Strawberries 
suffered  from  the  intense  heat,  although  well  watered 
and  mulched.  Trees  on  the  whole  are  very  free  from 
blister  and  insects.  A.  Evans,  Lytlie  Hill,  Hazlemere. 
Kent. — Three  excessively  dry  years  in  succession 
told  on  the  fruit  crops,  many  trees  dropped  both  their 
fruit  and  leaves,  so  that  it  is  feared  that  all  top  fruit 
will  be  very  small  this  season.  Although  the  weather 
was  as  unkind,  all  through  the  spring  and  rarly 
summer,  as  could  be  remembered,  yet  everything 
looked  promising  ;  and  those  who  had  gone  largely 
into  fruit  and  vegetable  growing  in  this  part  were 
sanguine  that  they  would  recoup  themselves  roost 
of  their  outlay,  are  now  sorely  disappointed. 
H.  Cannell,  Stanley. 

The  Cherry  crop  is  especially  good  in  this 

district.  Apples  and  Pears  are  generally  thin  in  the 
orchards,  with  the  exception  of  some  few  trees  which 
are  bearing  good  crops.  Gooseberries  are  an  exceed- 
ingly heavy  crop,  and  the  berries  large  and  good. 
Black  and  red  Currants  in  large  plantations  are, 
generally  speaking,  good.  Plums  are  plentiful  and 
good.  The  Kent  Damsons  are  unusually  abundant. 
Kent  Cob-nuts  are  very  thin.  Strawberries  and 
Raspberries  have  suffered  very  much  from  drought. 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  a  thin  crop  ;  much  blistering 
of  leaves,  but  trees  are  now  looking  healthy  and  weP. 
C.  Haycoek,  Barham  Court,  Maidstone. 

Sussex, — In  this  district  Apples  are  under  the 
average  in  the  orchards ;  in  the  gardens,  on 
bushes  aud  pyramid  trees,  we  have  a  fair 
crop — such  as  Keswick  Codlin,  Lady  Henniker, 
Warner's  King,  Flower  of  Kent,  Tower  of  Glamis, 
Melon  Apple,  Adam's  Pearmain,  Cox's  Orange  ;  of 
Pears,  a  good  average  crop,  on  such  as  Marie  Louise, 
Beurre  Cliirgeau,  Chaumontel,  Broom  Park,  Uve- 
dale's  St.  Germain.  Plums  are  an  average — Victorias 
and  Pond's  Seedling,  Kirk's  Golden  Drop.  Straw- 
berries have  been  abundant  ;  all  small  fruits  in  great 
abundance.  Nuts  are  very  good.  Cherries — Morellos, 
very  good  ;  Cherries  in  this  district  are  of  all  kinds 
over  the  average.  Sydney  Ford,  Leonardslee, 

Wiltshire. — The  Apple  and  Pear  crops  are  not 
quite  so  good  as  they  promised  to  be  eight  or  ten 
weeks  since,  the  blossoms  having  been  severely 
thinned  by  the  frosts  which  they  were  subjected  to 
early  in  May,  and  the  easterly  winds  and  low  tem- 
perature which  prevailed  during  the  last  three  weeks 
of  that  month  checked  growth  in  the  trees  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  cause  a  large  percentage  of  the  embryo 
fruit  and  the  blossoms  which  had  only  been  slightly 
touched  by  the  frosts  to  drop  Plums  are  a  very  good 
crop,  also  Cherries  ;  although  trees  of  the  .Morello, 
which  were  very  heavily  cropped,  have  dropped  a 
goodly  number  of  fruit  during  the  last  two  weeks, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  of  their  having  been  heavily 
mulched  and  watered  at  the  roots.  Sea  Eagle  and 
Alexandra  Noblesse  Peaches,  and  Elruge  and  Pine- 
apple Nectarines,  are  the  best  cropped  varieties  of 
these  fruits.  Small  fruits  are  abundant  and  good. 
//.  W.   Ward,  Longford  Castle. 

Somersetshire. — Apples  blossomed  very  abun- 
dantly, but  set  badly.  Lord  Suftield,  Tower  of  Glamis, 
Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Adam's  Pearmain,  Cox's 
Orange  Pippin,  and  King  of  the  Pippins,  are  most  abun- 
dant. Pears  on  all  kinds  of  trees,  and  in  nearly  all 
positions  very  abundant,  and  promise  to  be  of  good 
size.     Many  Plums  dropped,  but  there  are  still  heavy 


July  31,  1SS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


139 


crops.  Apiicots  did  not  blossom  strongly,  and  I 
suppose  the  cold  frosty  winds  are  to  blame  for  this. 
Strawberries  bloomed  strongly  and  abundantly,  but 
the  long  spell  of  dry  weather  spoilt  the  crops.  Nuts 
were  crippled  hy  frosty  winds.  W.  I^^iiUen,  Manlon 
Gardens.  Frjnte. 

Devonshire. — Apricots,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines 
are  generally  good  ;  the  opening  of  the  blossom  was 
much  retarded  in  the  spring,  so  that  when  they  did  ex- 
pand the  weather  was  more  propitious  than  usual.  The 
Apple  bloom  was  very  abundant,  but  did  not  set  well, 
consequently  not  half  a  crop  is  found  in  many  gardens 
and  orchards.  Pears,  both  on  walls  and  bush  trees,  set 
good  crop=.  Plums  are  very  abundant  in  many 
places.  Eirly  Cbetries  have  done  well,  but  Morellos 
failed  at  the  stoning  period.  Medlars,  a  good  crop. 
Figs  a  fair  crop  on  bushes.  Small  fruits  are  a  good 
average,  but  on  our  light  soil  everything  is  suffciing 
much  from  the  lengthened  drought,  and  any  of  the 
above  fruits  named  are  only  saved  by  mulching  and 
watering.  Strawberries  though  doubly  mulched  with 
short  and  long  litter,  are  poor,  though  the  early  crop 
was  all  that  could  be  desired.  D.  C.  Powell,  PowJcr- 
ham  Castle. 

Almost  all  kinds  of  fruits  are  this  year  very 

abundant,  Peaches  and  Nectarines  especially  so. 
Nearly  every  flower  must  have  set  its  fruit,  and  in  all 
the  gardens  I  have  visited  the  same  prevails.  Plums 
and  Pears  are  a  large  crop,  and  also  all  small  fruits. 
Apples  are  a  light  crop  generally,  though  many  soils 
are  bearing  freely  in  gardens.  A  noteworthy  feature 
has  been  the  almost  entire  absence  of  insect  pests  ; 
scarcely  any  aphis  having  been  seen  on  Cherries, 
Plums,  lie,  or  Rose  trees.  The  reason  of  this  doubt- 
less is  the  temperature  having  been  uniform  in  a  marked 
degree.  No  sudden  changes  influenced  growth  or 
retarded  it,  and  the  result  is  a  healthiness  and  vigour 
beyond  what  is  generally  seen.  J.  Eiutone,  Wear, 
near  Exeter. 

Cornwall.— The  fruit  crops  in  this  district  must 
he  considered  to  be  under  an  average,  as  Apples  and 
Pears  are  scarce.  There  was  not  a  good  show 
for  the  former,  and  owing  to  cold  dull  weather 
at  the  critical  period  great  quantities  fell  off;  but 
with  Plums  and  Cherries  the  reverse  is  the  case, 
for  at  the  time  of  their  setting  the  weather  was  fine, 
and  what  frost  we  had  was  not  severe,  and  had  there 
been  plenty  of  bloom  there  would  have  been  abund- 
ance of  fruit.  Plums  have  not  set  so  well  for  several 
year.'.  This  I  find  is  the  case  in  most  places.  Figs 
are  [  kntifu'.    (-'.  Leish,  Boconiioc  Park. 


WESTERN  COUNTIES. 

Herefordshire. — Apples  are  a  very  thin  crop, 
owing  paitly  to  the  heavy  crops  borne  during  the  two 
last  seasons,  and  the  heavy  rains  that  fell  during  the 
period  of  blooming.  This  season  in  the  month  of 
May,  7j  inches  of  rain  fell  here.  Plums  and  Dam- 
sons are  plentiful,  and  the  trees  fairly  clean  from 
aphides.  Small  fruits  are  good.  Amongst  Rasp- 
berries, Biumfoith's  Seedling  is  one  of  the  earliest 
and  best.  Strawberries  have  suffered  during  the  late 
dry  weather  on  poor  land,  but  are  very  good  on  well 
manured  land  ;  Loxford  Hall  with  us  is  one  of  the 
best  grown.    W.  A'ash,  Bryng-.iyn. 

Severely  punished  by  the  drought  last  year, 

many  fruit  trees  could  not  form  the  flower-buds 
properly ;  others  broke  into  latent  growth  and 
did  not  ripen  their  wood  well.  A  sunless— I  may 
say  a  Irostless  spring  followed  a  cold  depressing 
winter,  with  the  natuial  result — one  of  the  most  par- 
tial fruit  years  we  have  experienced  for  a  long  time. 
Apples  and  Pears  blossomed  well,  but  exposed  to 
terriiic  storms  of  rain  at  the  time,  and,  the  subsoil 
being  cold  and  saturated,  some  failed  to  set, 
others  have  dropped  a  large  percentage  of  their 
fruit,  and  not  a  few  trees  would  be  greatly  benefited 
by  thinning.  Many  of  our  orchards  bore  immense 
crops  last  year,  and  where  not  well  manured  and 
managed  they  are  now  thin.  On  the  whole  the 
crop  will,  no  doubt,  prove  heavier  than  many 
people  anticipate,  and  what  we  lose  in  quantity 
may  be  gained  in  quality.  It  is  gratifying  to 
find  the  better  varieties  of  Apples,  including  Rib- 
sion,  Cox's  and  Blenheim  Orange  bearing  freely. 
Stone  fruits  of  all  kinds,  with  the  exception  of  Apri- 
cots, set  abundatly  ;  the  latter  with  me  cast  their 
flower-buds  in  their  infancy,  but  the  few  that  escaped 
set  to  a  flower,  and  are  swelling  well.  Cherries  have 
thinned  themselves,  still  the  crop  is  heavy,  but  the 
fruit  lacks  size,  juice,  and  sweetness.     Peaches  and 


Nectarines — a  magnificent  crop — required  much  thin- 
ning. The  fruit  is  still  backward,  but  very  promising, 
and  the  trees  are  still  free  from  insects.  Bush  fruit  of 
all  kinds  is  abundant,  and  the  trees  are  clean  ;  in- 
deed, the  general  freedom  from  insects,  after  the 
remarkable  aphis  year  of  1SS5,  is  a  phenomenon 
both  surprising  and  unaccountable.  Raspberries  suf- 
fered through  the  hot,  dry  weather,  but  the  showers 
of  the  past  few  days  have  set  them  up  ;  and  late 
Strawberries,  notably  Oxonian,  are  heavily  cropped, 
and  doing  well.    IV.  Coleman,  Eastnor  Castle. 

Worcestershire.— Crops  on  the  whole  very  good, 
with  trees  healthy  and  clean.  Apples  flowered  pro- 
fusely, but  trees  have  dropped  very  many  fruits.  Pears 
excellent,  both  inquantityand  qualil)'.  Wall  and  open- 
ground  Apricots  veiy  thin.  Plums  an  enormous  crop 
of  nearly  all  kinds — Cheirles  also  ;  fruit  very  small, 
and  but  little  flesh.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  have 
excellent  crops,  and  trees  healthy.  Much  less  fly 
than  is  usual.  Strawberries  have  proved  the  most 
unsatisfactory  crop,  although  at  one  lime  they 
looked  very  promising.  The  drenching  rain,  and 
nearly  frosty  nights  of  May,  and  the  tropical 
drought  of  June,  will  account  for  such  poor  results. 
Oxonian,  usually  our  best  late,  quite  failed  to  put  up 
any  flower.  Raspberries  and  other  bush  fruits 
abundant  and  good.    IV.  Crump,  MadresfielJ  Court. 

Apples  an!   Pears  are,  upon  the  whole,  fair 

average  crops  ;  there  was  an  abundance  of  bloom, 
which  set  and  promised  well,  but  the  cold  weather 
and  continued  heavy  rainfall  throughout  June  caused 
the  young  fiuit  to  drop  considerably,  and  in  some 
inslances  to  clear  the  trees  completely  ;  they  are  now 
clean  and  healthy,  and  the  fruit  promises  to  be  of  good 
quality.  Apricots  are  thin  everywhere  in  this  locality, 
except  under  glass  copings  ;  the  bloom  in  spring  was 
remarkably  small  and  weak,  and  consequently  set 
badly.  On  the  other  hand,  Plums,  Damsons,  and 
Cherries  are  most  abundant,  the  fine  warmer  weather 
we  are  experiencing  coming  just  in  time  to  save  the 
latter.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  are  fairly  good,  and 
the  trees  healihy  and  free  from  blight,  and  making 
rapid  growth.  Strawberries  are,  on  the  whole,  an 
average  crop,  but  not  up  to  the  mark  in  size  and 
quali'y,  and  will  soon  be  over.  Gooseberries,  Rasp- 
berries, and  Currants  are  most  abundant  and  fine. 
John  Austen,  ll'it.'ey  Court. 


WALES. 


Glamorganshire.— Apples  are  a  fair  crop  in 
sheltered  situations,  where  they  ensured  an  early  set, 
but  thin  in  exposed  positions.  Apricots,  Plums  and 
Cherries  do  not  do  well  here  in  the  best  of  seasons, 
therefore  are  very  little  planted.  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines we  have  a  remarkably  good  crop  of— have  had 
to  thin  out  several  times.  Pears  are  promising,  good  ; 
and  bush  fruits  are  generally  good  and  plentiful  ; 
the  same  remark  applies  to  Strawberries.  G.  //arris. 
Singleton,  Swansea. 


IRELAND. 


Kilkenny. — In  this  district  large  fruits  in  general 
are  under  an  average  crop.  Amongst  Apples,  Stir- 
ling Castle,  Ecklinville  Pippin,  Scarlet  Pearmain, 
and  Dumelow's  Seedling  are  bearing  good  crops  ; 
other  sorts  scarce.  Of  Pears,  Jargonelle,  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey,  and  Williams'  Bon  Chietien  are 
good  crops.  Victoiias,  amongst  Plums,  are  good, 
other  sorts  scarce.  Small  fruits  in  general  are 
abundant  and  of  good  quality.  IV.  Gray,  Woodstock 
Park,  /nnistio^e. 


CHANNEL  ISLANDS. 
Jersey. — The  crop  of  stone  fruits  will  be  below 
the  average,  owing  to  the  cold  nights  during  the 
month  of  May,  much  of  it  having  fallen  off  the  trees 
after  it  appeared  set  and  in  a  fair  way  of  doing  well. 
Apricots,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines  did  not  set  freely, 
but  Cherries  and  Plums  have  suffered  most.  Pears 
and  Apples  will  be  a  medium  crop,  but  where  the 
trees  were  in  exposed  situations  they  are  bare  of  fruit. 
Strawberries  have  been  fine,  but  the  season  has  been 
short,  owing  to  the  dry  weather.  Small  fruits  are 
abundant,  but  small,  owing  to  the  same  cause. 
Grapes  promise  to  be  an  abundant  crop  ;  the  erec- 
tion of  glass-houses  in  the  islands  for  the  growth  of 
Grapes  and  Tomatos  is  gradually  extending.  High 
culture  is  becoming  the  rule  of  the  times,  C.  B. 
Saunders,  SI.  Saviour's. 


1\I  A  N  U  R  E  S  . 

Reverting  to  the  subject  treated  of  at  p.  624, 
vol.  XXV.,  and  assuming  that  the  constituents,  nitrogen, 
phosphoric  acid,  potash,  and  lime,  are  the  most  impor- 
tant ingredients  in  a  manure,  and  are  those  in  which  our 
soils  are  the  most  likely  to  become  deficient,  we  see 
from  the  tables  previously  given  (p.  624,  vol.  xxv), 
how  the  stores  of  them  within  the  soil  would  be 
affected  by  the  removal  of  one  ton  of  each  of  the 
crops  enumerated. 

We  now  give  the  amount  of  these  several  constituents 
extracted  from  the  soil  by  the  growth  and  removal  ol 
one  ton  of  each  of  the  following  kinds  of  fruits,  in  the 
fresh  state  as  gathered  for  use. 

Amount  of  Selected  Constiiitenti  in  i  ton  of  various  kiiidi 
o/Fruit!. 


Description  of  Fruit. 

Nitrogen. 

Phosphoric 
acid. 

Potash. 

Lime, 

Lb. 

Lb. 

Lh. 

u.. 

Strawberries.. 

32.0 

ir.o 

39.0 

16.0 

Fig5 

2.1 

0.0 

.4.6 

51 

Green  Gage  I'hiins.. 

0.2 

r.r 

5  4 

0. 

Apples 

1-3 

II 

31 

0.5 

Walnuts 

4.4 

8.1 

103 

7-4 

Chestnuts      .. 

»., 

1-5 

8.7 

1.3 

Plums  (Orlea  s)      .. 

0.3 

3-« 

6.9 

J.J 

Cherries        .. 

0.4 

I  3 

4-9 

0-7 

Pears 

0.9 

38 

0.5 

Gooseberries . . 

'•3 

I  4 

3-4 

I.I 

These  facts  teach  us  that  it  is  net  enough  that  the 
land  we  cuUivate  is  in  a  good  condition  to  begin  it ; 
if  it  is  to  continue  productive  and  jield  a  fair  return 
for  the  labour  exp;nded  upon  it  the  feitility  must  be 
maintained  by  a  gradual  development  of  the  immense 
store  iCiidues  whi:h  lie  in  a  dormant  condiiion  within 
the  soil,  assisted  from  some  external  source  in  the 
form  of  manure. 

The  poorer  the  soil  in  what  may  be  termed  its 
natural  fertility,  the  more  complete  must  be  the 
restoration  of  the  ingredients  carried  away  in  the 
crops,  if  productiveness  is  to  be  maintained  or 
increased.  W^hen  land  is  in  good  heart,  a  much 
smaller  proportion  of  manure  will  keep  it  so,  but 
even  the  best  of  our  soils  can  be  made  to  yield  larger 
crops  by  the  aid  of  manure  than  they  will  without  it. 

If  we  proportion  our  supply  of  maure  to  the  waste 
caused  by  the  growth  and  removal  of  vegetation,  we 
shall  keep  up  the  fertility  of  the  .soil  to  the  degree  ia 
which  we  found  it  ;  if  we  give  more  judiciously,  we 
gradually  increase  the  fertility  ;  but  we  may  give  loo 
much  at  a  time,  and  thus,  instead  of  assisting  vege- 
tation, we  may  impede  it  by  over-nourishment,  and 
much  of  our  manure  will  be  lost  by  dissipation  in  the 
atmosphere,  or  be  carried  olT  in  solution  by  the 
waters  which  pass  through  th;  soil.  These  principles 
should  be  kept  in  view  in  the  practical  application  of 
manures,  and  if  experience  confirms  their  truth  we 
shall  have  obtained  a  clearer  insight  into  the  mode  in 
which  different  kinds  gl  manures  assist  vegetation, 
and  increase  fertility  in  the  soil  we  cultivate. 

On  soils  of  open  texture  and  small  retentive  power 
preference  should  undoubtedly  be  given  to  manures 
of  little  solubility,  in  order  to  diminish,  as  much  as 
possible,  the  loss  occasioned  by  heavy  rain  ;  bulky 
organic  manures,  as  stable  dung  or  seaweed,  are  in 
such  cases  the  most  suitable. 

Judiciously  used  special  manures,  such  as  guano, 
superphosphate  of  lime,  nitrate  of  soda,  ammonium 
salts,  potash,  &c.,  are  the  agents  whifh  bring  into 
useful  activity  the  dormant  resources  of  the  soil  ;  they 
restore  the  proper  balance  between  the  different  con- 
stituents, and  supply  the  excessive  demand  for  some 
particular  element.  And,  in  addition  to  the  particular 
food-supply  contributed  by  them  they  are,  as  a  rule, 
more  active,  and  give  quicker  returns  than  farmyard 
manure. 

But  to  the  ordinary  gardener  farmyard  or  stable 
dung  is  the  sheet-anchor,  mainly  because  it  is  easily 
applied,  and  most  of  the  more  important  ingredients 
of  plant  food  are  thus  provided,  although  these  may 
not  always  be  in  the  best  proportions.  To  prevent  a 
det'icicncy  arising  in  the  soil  of  any  one  element, 
farmyard  manure  his  to  be  employed  in  much  larger 
quantities  than  special  manures,  and  by  this  means 
furnishes  an  excess  of  ceitain  constituents  of  what  is 
actually  required  by  the  growing  crop.  These  inert 
matters  of  farmyard  dung  may  influence  the  fertility 
of  the  soil  by  amending  its  texture  or  otherwise  modi- 


I40 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(July  31.   1886. 


fying  ils  physical  character.  Most  gardeners  are 
aware  of  the  vastly  important  practice  of  mulching 
with  partially  decomposed  stable  dung,  and  especi- 
ally is  this  to  be  recommeaded  to  fruit-trees,  shrubs, 
Ro&es,  Raspberries,  Strawberries,  &c.  The  bene6t 
to  be  derived  from  the  practice  in  the  cultivation  of 
Peas  we  have  observed  more  than  once.  To  have  a 
vigorous  and  uninterrupted  growth,  it  is  necessary  to 
have  moisture  in  the  soil  in  immediate  proximity 
to  the  mass  of  root-fibrils  which  branch  out  from  the 
stock  of  the  plant.  Therefore,  in  periods  of  hot 
scorching  sunshine,  and  with  sandy  or  light  soils,  it 
becomes  essential  to  retain  the  water  from  rain  to 
rain. 

Liebig  teaches  this  doctrine,  for  he  says  :  — 
"Though  the  soil  be  ever  so  much  richer  in  the 
elements  of  food  for  plants,  still  the  latter  will  not 
grow  in  hot  weather  if  there  be  a  deficiency  of 
moisture  in  the  soil  ;  for  the  moisture  in  the  soil  is  the 
channel  through  which  mineral  food  has  to  reach  the 
interior  of  plants."  Further,  farmyard  manure  in  its 
office  of  mulching  yields  a  direct  supply  of  carbonic 
acid,  which  may  act  on  the  mineral  constituents  of 
the  soil,  and  liberate  their  fertilising  properties. 

In  a  ton  of  well-made  farmyard  manure  there  is 
contained  about  12  lb.  of  nitrogen,  II  lb.  of  potash, 
8  lb.  of  phosphoric  acid,  and  16  lb.  of  lime.  The 
composition  is  of  course  variable,  according  to  the 
animal  producing  it,  the  food  of  the  animal,  and  the 
kind  and  quality  of  the  litter  used. 

The  after-treatment  of  the  manure  is  also  most 
important.  A  large  proportion  of  the  nitrogen  is 
voided  by  the  animal  in  the  form  of  urine,  and  gene- 
rally the  richer  the  diet  the  higher  will  this  proportion 
be.  If,  therefore,  the  manure  is  frequently  washed 
by  rain,  and  the  washings  are  allowed  to  drain  away, 
serious  loss  will  occur.  Hence  the  superiority  of 
box  manure  to  that  made  in  an  open  yard. 

As  the  whole  object  of  manuring  is  to  supplement 
the  deficiencies  of  the  soil,  it  is  highly  desirable  that 
the  gardener  should  ascertain  by  trial,  both  in  the 
greenhouse  and  in  the  open  garden,  what  is  the 
actual  amount  of  increase  and  effect  which  he  obtains 
from  the  application  of  the  manure  he  uses.  A  few 
carefully  made  experiments  will  teach  him  what  bis 
land  and  crops  are  really  in  need  of. 

The  following  table,  compiled  from  the  numerous 
and  invaluable  experiments  of  Sir  J-  E.  Lawes,  at 
Rothamsted,  will  give  some  indication  of  what  may 
be  expected  ;  — 

Table  shomin^  the  Produce  per  Acre  obtained  ivith  Potatos, 
Swedis/i  Turnip  Bulbs,  aiid  Mattgel  \Vu;-zel  Bitlbs,  over  a 
series  of  years,  by  the  application  of  aifferent  Manures  on 
the  same  land,  year  ajter year,  at  Rothamsted : — 


Manures  per  acre 
every  year. 

Potatos, 

Swedish 

Turnips, 

average  of 

fifteen  years. 

Mangel 

Wurzel.aver. 

age  of  five 

years. 

Without  manures     .. 

T0--.S 

Cwt 

Tons.     Cwt. 

Tons.     Cwt. 
4           6 

Farmyard       manure, 
14  tons 

4 

I3?s 

6            4 

14            12 

Superphosphate       of 
lime,  3)^  cwt. 

3 

1314 

2             IS 

5              I 

Farmyard        manure 
and  superphusph:ite 

5 

6« 

6           7 

■5            I 

Ammonium         salts, 
400  lb 

J 

ioKb 

0          13 

8            3 

Nitrate       of       soda, 
55°  lb 

3 

4 

0          19 

13           .6 

Mixed    mineral     ma- 
nure* and  nitrate  of 
soda  fcomplete  fer- 
tiliser)         ..         .. 

7 

6JS 

5            2 

19           8 

Some  of  the  lessons  to  be  be  learnt  from  these  ex- 
periments, are  that  whatever  stores  of  lood  the  soil 
may  have  naturally,  it  fails  to  furnish  enough  material 
in  an  available  form  for  the  production  of  large  crops. 
A  general  manure  such  as  farmyard  dung  may  be 
used  year  after  year  in  a  perfectly  routine  manner, 
but  when  a  special  manure  is  employed,  the  import- 
ance of  watching  its  effects  and  altering  it  as  circum- 
stances indicate,  cannot  be  overestimated.  This 
forces  upon  us,  further,  the  necessity  for  studying  the 
succession  of  manures  as  well  as  that  of  crops.  In 
many  cases  in  which  ammonia  salts  or  nitrate  of 
soda  when  first  used  will  prove  beneficial,  after  a  time 
loses  its  effect,  and  the  reason,  no  doubt,  is  that  by 
its  means  the  phosphates  existing  in  the  soil  becomes 
leduced  in  amount,  so  that  change  of  manuring  is 
rendered  necessary.   John  y.  IVilUs,  Harpenden. 


»Qda 


FUNGUS    ON    POPPIES. 
Peronospora.  arborescens. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  25)  shows 
the  effect  of  Peronospora  arborescens  on  Papaver 
dubium.  The  engraving  was  taken  from  one  of  a 
large  number  of  examples  found  in  a  bed  of  Papaver 
dubium  growing  on  a  chalky  bank  on  Dunstable 
Downs.  The  fungus,  which  in  this  instance  attacked 
a  wild  Poppy,  is  of  considerable  importance  to  gar- 
deners, as  it  frequently  grows  on  garden  Poppies  ;  it 
also  destroys  the  cultivated  opium  Poppy  in  Asia  and 
Europe,  In  the  instance  here  described  the  Pero- 
nospora chiefly  attacked  the  peduncles  of  the  fl  jwers 
and  fruit ;  its  effect  was  to  destroy  and  in  some 
instances  to  quite  strip  off  the  epidermis.  This 
skinning  process  had  the  effect  of  making  the 
peduncles  curl  and  writhe  with  all  sorts  of  strange 
contortions  :  one  of  the  contorted  peduncles  is  here 
shown.  Some  of  the  peduncles  were  only  slightly 
curled,  others  very  much  so,  whilst  some  were 
twisted  in  the  style  of  long  corkscrews  16  inches 
long.  The  peduncle  illustrated  may  appear  to  be  an 
unusually  long  one,  but  amongst  the  attacked  examples 
it  really  was  a  short  one,  as  the  length  just  men- 
tioned shows.     The  peduncles  seem  as  if  they  grew  to 


■   PERONOSPORA  ARBORESCENS   ( 


abnormal  length  in  an  apparent  attempt  to  rid  them- 
selves of  the  unwelcome  parasite.  In  the  attacked 
peduncles  all  the  flowers  and  seed  vessels  pointed 
downwards.  Dr.  Trail  of  Aberdeen  has  found  the 
resting-spores  of  Peronospora  arborescens.  Instances 
similar  to  the  one  here  illustrated  are  not  uncommon  ; 
for  instance.  Charlock  is  frequently  attacked  by  a 
fungus  named  Cystopus  candidus  ;  the  fungus  not  only 
twists  the  stems  in  an  extraordinary  manner,  but  in- 
flates them  (as  well  as  the  leaves  and  flowers)  to 
abnormal  proportions.  Nettles  are  often  attacked  by 
the  orange  coloured  fungus  named  /Ecidium  urticse. 
This  attacks  the  stem,  and  by  its  injury  to  the  epider- 
mis causes  the  stem  to  bend  sharply  downwards 
towards  the  ground,  the  fungus  itself  on  the  top  of  the 
elbow  looks  like  a  large  yellow  caterpillar  in  the 
act  of  feeding  on  the  stem.  The  two  examples  shown 
by  me  at  the  Scientific  Committee  (see  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  p.  S24,  vol.  xxv.).  are  now  in  the  British 
Museum  collection.    W,  G,  Smith,  Ditmtable. 


BLETIA    VERECUNDA. 

How  does  it  happen  that  we  so  seldom  see  this  fine 
old  Orchid  in  bloom  ?  Surely  it  cannot  be  scarce,  for 
it  is  not  difficult  to  grow,  and  the  stock  in  the  country 
ought  to  be  considerable  by  this  time,  for  it  was, 
perhaps,  the  first  Orchid  introduced  into  English 
gardens,  dating  back  as  far  as  1733.  The  fact  is  that 
Oichid    growers    du   not   pu:   the  value   on   its  good 


qualities  which  it  merits,  and  it  has  to  be  content  with 
a  corner  in  general  collections  of  plants  in  some  of  our 
old  gardens,  where  it  is  not  looked  well  after  or  cul- 
tivated, so  as  to  bring  it  to  that  perfection  which  it 
displays  when  properly  treated.  We  recommend  all 
who  have  this  fine  old  plant  to  look  it  up  and  give  it 
careful  treatment,  as  it  is  certainly  one  of  the  finest  of 
terrestrial  Orchids,  its  large  branched  spikes  of  fifcy  or 
sixty  rose  and  purple  blooms  being  much  more  beauti- 
ful than  many  acostly  newcomer.  All  theBletiai  thrive 
well  potted  in  turfy  loam  to  which  a  little  peat  and  sand 
has  been  added.  They  are  almost  marsh  plants  when 
growing,  but  require  but  little  water  while  at  rest. 
Kor  enumeration  of  the  species  see  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  vol.  xviii..  p.  681,  1882  (fig.  26.) 


A   TRIP   TO    CHIRIOUI. 

Leaving  Kingston,  Jamaica,  on  November  8,  we 
entered  the  lagoon  of  Chiriqui  on  the  14th  by  a 
zigzag  course  between  an  island  and  a  point  of  the 
mainland  through  a  passage  known  to  navigators  as 
Ijjcas  del  Drago,  or  Mouth  of  the  Dragon,  but 
locally  known  as  "Boque's  Mouth."  Once  inside,  a 
broad  expanse  of  water  was  before  us  almost  deserving 
the  term  of  inland  sea,  for  certainly  the  term  lagoon, 
as  it  is  generally  understood,  is  not  an  appropriate 
name  for  these  waters. 

On  arrival  at  the  settlement  called  Old  Bank,  at 
the  north  end  of  Providence  Island,  we  found  that  a 
house  was  set  apart  for  us.  This  was  a  well  erected 
wooden  building,  clean,  well-furnished,  with  polished 
floors,  stained  ceilings,  and  papered  walls,  and  pro- 
vided with  many  conveniences  not  to  be  looked  for 
in  houses  belonging  to  the  same  class  of  people  in 
Jamaica,  The  weather  was  fine,  and  the  heat  not  at 
all  oppressive,  although  the  night  temperature  ranged 
from  80°  to  85°  Fahr. 

It  was  arranged  that  we  should  pay  a  visit  to  the 
provision  grounds  of  some  members  of  the  settlement 
early  the  next  morning,  and  for  that  purpose  a  boat 
or  *' dug-out,"  capable  of  carrying  eight  persons,  was 
to  hand  soon  after  daylight.  Some  half-hour  after- 
wards we  were  afloat,  and,  propelled  by  two  paddles 
only,  were  soon  gliding  at  a  rapid  rate  down  the 
lagoon.  There  being  no  wind,  the  water  was  as 
clear  as  crystal,  and  at  depths  of  10  to  15  feet  we 
could  see  the  bottom  covered  with  innumerable  forms 
of  aquatic  organisms.  An  hour  spent  in  this  delight- 
ful occupation  brought  us  to  Mariana  Creek.  This 
was  a  channel  about  10  feet  wide,  which,  at  a  short 
distance  away,  was  scarcely  observable.  It  was 
covered  with  Mangroves,  and  reminded  one  very 
forcibly  of  the  descriptions  by  Mayne  Reid  of  the 
biding  places  of  Indians  in  some  of  the  tales  of  our 
boyhood. 

Further  inland  the  creek  narrowed  somewhat,  and 
we  passed  through  tracts  of  marshy  land  covered  with 
a  luxuriant  growth  of  the  "Swamp  Fern,"  Aero- 
stichum  aureum.  From  the  roots  of  a  Mangrove, 
some  3  feet  above  water,  we  collected  plants  of 
Brassavola  nodosa,  Lindl.,  a  fine  white-flowered 
Orchid,  which  yielded  such  a  delicate  perfume  as  to 
effectually  banish  the  thoughts  of  a  dead  aligator  we 
had  recently  passed.  At  the  landing. place  I  observed 
a  fine  specimen  of  a  Coniferous  tree  (Pinus  occi- 
dentalis).  On  inquiry  I  found  this  had  been  brought 
from  Bluefields,  on  the  Mosquito  Coast,  and  planted 
here  by  one  of  the  settlers. 

In  the  provision  fields  we  found  Plantains,  Bananas, 
Pumpkins,  Cassava,  Sweet  Potatos,  Yams,  &c.,  grow- 
ing in  the  greatest  profusion  ;  the  only  enemy  they 
appeared  to  have  to  contend  with  being  the  "VVe-we," 
or  Umbrella  Ant.  This  insect — although  very  de- 
structive, it  is  true— did  not  appear  to  aflfect  the 
general  results  of  the  cultivation,  and  the  groves  of 
Cacao  on  the  outskirts  of  the  field  were  in  most 
instances  untouched  by  it. 

We  found  large  colonies  of  this  insect  in  every  part 
of  these  islands,  and  it  is  without  doubt  in  a  great 
measure  due  to  the  labours  of  these  little  creatures, 
assisted  by  the  numerous  land  crabs,  that  the  probably 
once  barren  coral  rocks  which  form  the  foundation  of 
these  islands  are  raised  from  sea-level  to  become 
fertile  fields  adapted  for  the  production  of  food  for  the 
human  race.  Enormous  trees  from  50  to  over  100 
feet  high  were  common  objects,  but  their  identifi- 
cation had  to  be  deferred  until  reference  had  been 
made  to  authorities  on  the  subject.  Wishing  to  pro- 
cure ^pe(\  of  one  nf  these  trees,  I  expended  several 
cartridges  from  a  good  fowling-piece,  in  the  endeavour 


July  31,  18S6.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


141 


to  bring  down  a  few  seed-pods,  but  fruitlessly,  for  the 
lower  branches  of  this  tree  must  have  been  at  least 
90  feet  from  the  ground. 

Plantains  and  Bananas  produce  large  bunches, 
which  meet  a  ready  sale  on  the  spot,  at  the  hands  of 
captains  of  trading  schooners  running  to  and  from 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  "  Sarse,"  the  roots  of  a 
species  of  Smilax,  known  to  commerce  as  Sarsa- 
parilla,  also  meets  a  ready  sale,  large  quantities  being 
grown  at  various  places  in  the  lagoon,  and  not  a 
little  is  produced  and  brought  down  by  the  Indians 
from  the  mainland. 

The  varieties  of  Cacao  (Theobroma   Cacao)  were 


spare  no  pains  to  introduce  it  into  Jamaica,  in  which 
endeavour  I  am  glad  to  say  we  were  primarily  sue- 
cessful,  .as  growing  plants  reached  Kingston  in  safety, 
and  are  now  contributed  to  the  Castleton  Botanical 
Garden.  The  plant  has  not  as  yet  been  scienti6cally 
determined,  but  I  may  venture  to  state  that  it  will 
probably  prove  to  be  Theobroma  bicolor. 

The  tree  itself  is  of  a  stout  spreading  habit,  its 
trunk  and  branches  being  much  thicker  than  those  of 
the  ordinary  kinds  ;  but  it  is  not  so  erect  in  its  mode 
of  growth. 

In  ihe  Cacao  groves  we  saw  many  trees  of  the 
ordinary  kind  reaching  a  height  of  over  40  feet,  while 


Fig.  26.— bletia  Verecunda.     (see  p.  140.) 


numerous.  The  most  commonly  cultivated  were  the 
white  and  red-skinned  varieties,  but  the  green-skinned 
is  a  very  heavy  cropper,  and  produces  Beans  of 
excellent  quality. 

Chocolate  of  good  quality  is  manufactured  locally. 
The  beans  are  first  roasted,  then  deprived  of  their 
skins,  and  afterwards  ground  on  a  small,  flat,  porous 
stone,  the  crushing  instrument,  also  of  stone,  being  of 
a  shape  similar  to  a  housewife's  rolling-pin.  We  had 
frequent  opportunities  for  testing  this  preparation,  and 
often  declared  that,  if  travellers  of  the  olden  time 
tasted  .as  good  a  mixture  as  it  was  our  fortune  to 
drink,  it  was  no  wonder  that  they  described  it  as 
being  '*  Food  for  the  Gods." 

Another  distinct  species  of  Cacao  was  met  with, 
which,  though  of  doubtful  value  as  an  economic  plant, 
was  of  sufficient  botanical  interest  to  induce    us  to 


the  "  Tiger  Cocoa  "  seldom  reaches  more  than  15  or 
20  feet. 

Several  plants  of  a  tree  locally  known  as  the 
"Wild  Cocoa"  were  met  with  in  the  forest,  and 
botanical  specimens  duly  secured,  which  will  pro- 
bably prove  the  plant  to  be,  not  a  Cocoa  at  all,  but  a 
species  belonging  to  the  allied  genus  Herrania.  The 
plant  has  but  a  small  single  stem,  its  leaves  resembling 
at  a  short  distance  those  of  the  common  Papaw 
{Carica  papaya).  The  pods  are  small,  ten-ribbed, 
with  roundish  seeds,  covered  with  a  thick  sweetish 
pulp,  much  sought  after  a>  a  "  bush  "  delicacy  by 
the  juvenile  members  of  the  community. 

The  most  plentiful  Orchid  met  with  in  our  wander- 
ings was  Catasetum  tridentatum.  Hook.  There 
were  numerous  other  species,  but  as  the  generality 
of  them  were  not  in  flower  they  were  not  so  attract- 


ive as  they  would  probably  be  at  other  seasons.  The 
Aroideo;  were  very  abundant,  and  covered  the  trunks 
of  trees  to  the  very  top,  one  of  these,  particularly 
noticeable  on  account  of  the  bright  scarlet  colour  of 
its  spadix,  though  situated  at  a  height  of  50  feet  from 
the  ground,  was  soon  brought  down  by  one  of  our 
guides  ;  who  easily  reached  it  by  help  of  the  numerous 
•*  lianas  "  which  surrounded  the  trunk. 

Several  Carludovicas  also  attracted  attention,  espe- 
cially a  small  climbing  one,  with  deeply  2-fid  leaves, 
and  also  one  of  larger  growth  ;  they  are  probably  C. 
gracilis  and  C.latifolia.  C.  Plumeiri.  The  "Epiappa" 
of  Jamaica  was  also  abundant, 

Ferns  were  plentiful,  though  the  genera  and  species 
represented  were  few.  One  of  the  handsomest  was 
Lygodium  digitatum,  a  graceful  climbing  Fern  which 
hung  in  immense  festoons  in  many  places.  Several 
Polypodiums,  Adiantums,  and  Trichomanes  were 
found,  among  the  latter  the  curiously  proliferous  T. 
elegans,  which  was  met  with  in  large  quantities  in 
deep  shady  woods  and  in  seveial  localities.  Lindsaya 
quadrangularis,  a  Fern  indigenous  to  Jamaica,  but 
rarely  found,  was  met  with  on  our  trip  in  one  instance 
only.  On  our  return  from  the  morning's  outing  we 
examined  the  locality  around  the  settlement  in  which 
we  were  residing,  and  it  was  found  that  little  cultiva- 
tion was  attempted  near  the  dwellings,  but  that  groves 
of  Cacao  and  Cocoa-nuts  abounded  everywhere, 
while  many  of  the  inhabitants  took  great  pride  in 
showing  me  their  "  Soopa  "  trees.  This  is  a  Palm 
well  known  under  the  name  of  Gulielma  speciosa, 
Mart.,  but  now  referred  by  the  authors  of  the  Genera 
Phmarum  to  the  genus  Bactris.  Wallace  in  his 
Palms  of  the  Amazon  thus  describes  it  : — "  This  most 
picturesque  and  elegant  Palm  has  the  stem  slender, 
cylindrical,  and  thickly  set  with  long  needle-shaped 
spines  disposed  in  rings  or  bands.  It  reaches  60  leet 
in  height,  and  grows  quite  erect,  though  in  exposed 
situations  it  becomes  curved  and  waving.  The  leaves 
are  very  numerous,  terminal,  pinnate  and  drooping, 
forming  a  nearly  spherical  crown  to  the  stem  ;  and 
the  leaflets  growing  out  of  the  midrib  in  vartious 
directions,  and,  being  themselves  curled  and  wavtd, 
give  the  whole  mass  of  foliage  a  singularly  plumy 
appearance." 

"  The  fruit  is  the  size  of  an  Apricot,  of  a  triangular 
oval  shape,  and  fine  reddish-yellow  colour.  In  most 
instances  the  seed  is  abortive,  the  whole  fruit  being  a 
farinaceous  mass." 

"This  Palm  appears  to  be  indigenous  to  the 
countries  near  the  Andes,  On  the  Amazon  and  Rio 
Negro  it  is  never  found  wild."  It  is  most  commonly 
knowg  as  the  'Peach  Palm,'  from  the  similarity  of 
its  fruit,  in  size  and  colour,  to  some  species  of  the 
genus  Amygdalus,  to  which  the  Almond,  Peach,  and 
Nectarine  belong. 

The  fruits  are  eaten  either  boiled  or  roasted,  and 
have  a  flavour,  to  our  taste,  somewhat  combining  that 
of  roasted  Spanish  Chestnut  and  Sweet  Potato.  As 
they  are  very  wholesome  I  ate  several,  which  I  par- 
ticularly enjoyed.  They  are  said  by  Wallace  to  be 
"  also  ground  up  into  flour,  and  made  into  cakes, 
which  are  roasted  like  Cassava  bread,  or  the  meal  is 
fermented  in  water,  and  forms  a  subacid  creamy 
liquid.  Parrots,  macaws,  and  monkeys,  eat  them 
greedily,  but  the  latter  gentry  are  prevented  when  in  a 
wild  state  from  obtaining  them  by  the  prickly  nature 
of  the  stem. 

The  trees  were  growing  at  sea-level,  and  as  the 
temperature  is  similar,  I  believe  it  would  be  an  excel- 
lent plant  to  introduce  for  growing  on  the  plains  of 
Jamaica.  As  an  article  of  food  it  would  certainly  be 
a  valuable  plant  to  the  poorer  inhabitants  of  this 
island,  provided  they  could  be  induced  to  overcome 
their  invariable  prejudice  against  "  Buckra  tings." 
The  fruit  will  stand  transport  with  great  facility  when 
ripe.  I  had  a  single  one  which  I  kept  for  some 
twenty-five  days,  and  then  it  was  found  in  a  com- 
paratively sound  condition  on  my  arrival  in  Jamaica. 

Returning  to  our  quarters  in  the  evening  we  dis- 
tributed among  the  people  a  set  of  economic  plants 
we  had  brought  with  us  from  Jamaica.  The  most  de- 
sired appeared  to  be  Nutmeg,  Pimento,  and  Mangos, 
of  the  No.  II  variety,  only  a  few  of  the  coarser  kinds 
of  the  latter  being  under  cultivation.  The  Mango  is 
a  favourite  object  of  attack  with  the  "We-we"or  Um- 
brella Ant,  and  special  means  have  to  be  taken  to  guard 
the  trees  from  their  attack=.  One  of  the  most  effectual 
methods  appeared  to  be  ihit  of  forming  a  tin  trough 
around  the  tree,  which  was  filled  to  a  depth  of  2  or  3 
inches  with  coal  tar,  this  plan  was  also  adopted  to 
preserve  the  dwelling-houses  from  the  attacks  of  wood 


142 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IJULY   31,    18 


ants,  by  placing  the  same  kind  of  trough  around  the 
piles  on  which  the  majority  of  the  houses  were  con- 
stiucted. 

The  people  were  very  eager  to  obtain  notes  as  to 
culiivatioa  in  regard  to  the  plants  distributed,  as  well 
as  those  in  common  cultivation,  and  being  asked  to 
d )  so  I  treated  them  to  a  short  exposition  on  the  first 
principles  of  horticulture,  during  which  considerable 
wonder  was  excited  by  showing  them  the  difiirent 
parts  of  a  plant,  as  seen  through  Browning's  plaly- 
scopic  lens. 

We  met  wlih  several  groups  of  large  and  highly 
ornamental  Palms;  that  locjlly  known  as  the 
"  Arpoo,"  which  I  take  to  be  a  species  of  Iriarlea, 
being  very  plenliful,  as  was  also  the  "  Raawa " 
Socratea  (Iriartea)  exhorizi,  Mart. 

The  stem  of  the  former  plant  pDSsesses  a  hardened 
exterior  which  is  about  \\  inch  in  thickness,  very 
solid,  and  siraight  in  the  grain.  It  is  used  for  mak- 
ing rods  for  striking  the  hawk's-bill  turtle ;  an 
occupation  which  affords  to  the  inhabitants  a  means 
ofeTiolument  by  no  means  iodespicable,  seein»  that 
the  tortoise-shell  sells  at  the  rate  of  4  dols.  per  pound 
on  the  spot. 

The  "  Raawa"  has  a  much  thinner  exterior  than 
the  "  Arpoo,"  and  though  sometimes  used  for  the 
same  purpose,  is  not  considered  so  serviceable,  and 
is  therefore  relegated  to  the  subordinate  position  of 
furnishing  material  for  lathing,  and  flooring  of  native 
huts  on  the  provision  grounds. 

What  strikes  attention  to  this  tree,  and  renders  it 
peculiar,  is  that  the  upper  poitionjof  each  root  is  en- 
tirely atove  ground.  They  spring  out  of  the  stem, 
each  successive  one  higher  up  the  trunk  than  the  last, 
and  extend  diagonally  till  they  approach  the  surface, 
when  they  ramify  into  smaller  rootlets  and  enter  the 
ground.  As  fresh  ones  spring  out  from  the  stem, 
those  which  previously  supported  the  tree  rot,  or 
die  off  in  regular  succession,  thus  leaving  the  entire 
trunk  (often  60— So  feet  in  height)  entirely  supported 
by  the  concsniric  rings  of  outer  roots,  so  that  in 
old  trees  a  full  grown  man  may  stand  erect  beneath 
the  bole. 

The  aerial  part  of  the  roots  is  thickly  covered 
with  tubercular  prickles— which  is  without  doubt  a 
provision  of  Nature  for  their  defence  against  the 
attacks  of  herbivorous  animals— and  also  serves  the 
purpose  of  supplying  the  Indians  with  an  eflScient 
natural  grater  to  enable  them  to  reduce  their  Cassava 
to  a  pulp. 

After  travelling  over  a  considerable  tract  of  country 
we  reached  the  east  side  of  the  island,  or  that 
exposed  to  the  full  force  of  the  strong  winds  and 
currents,  so  prevalent  in  the  Caribbean  seas. 

Approaching  the  "Bull's  Mouth,"  on  our  home- 
ward journey  we  turned  a  small  headland,  and  found 
the  rocks  theie  abounding  with  enormous  quantities 
of  Brassavola  nodosa  in  full  bloom— in  fact,  the  rocks 
were  literally  white  with  the  expanded  flowers  of  this 
beautiful  species.  To  cultivators  of  Orchids  it  will  be 
a  fact  of  no  little  interest  to  note  that  these  plants 
were  growing  on  hard,  barren  rocks,  washed  at  times 
by  sea-spray,  and  shaded  by  the  over-hanging  Cocoa- 
nut  and  other  trees  that  were  scattered  along  the 
beach.  The  same  plant  was  also  found  as  described, 
making  its  home  on  the  clean  stems  or  roots  of  trees, 
but  nowhere  was  it  found  in  such  luxuriousness  as  on 
this  rocky  headland. 

Our  means  of  transit  hence  to  the  interior  was  by 
means  of  a  splendid  canoe,  beautifully  built  or  rather 
■'  dug  out  "  of  Cedar  (Cedrela  odorata).  It  measured 
30  feet  in  length  and  5  feet  6  inches  in  beam,  having 
an  added  gunwale  of  some  S  inches,  and  strengthened 
by  ribs  at  intervals  of  18  inches.  When  close  hauled 
she  was  a  good  sailer,  but  when  before  the  wind  she 
proved  to  be  a  regular  "deerhound."  We  encountered 
several  squalls,  which  made  the  sea  very  lumpy,  and 
at  times  occasioned  a  dash  of  water  over  the  side. 
We  arrived  off  the  bar  at  about  5  P.M.,  which  we 
fortunately  crossed  with  little  difficulty  in  spite  of  the 
surf  which  covered  it,  only  a  very  narrow  channel  of 
still  water  being  observable,  and  on  that  also  at  times 
the  rollers  were  breaking.  In  a  few  minutes  after- 
wards we  entered  the  mouth  of  the  Wari-Biarra.  J. 
Hail,  Jamaica. 

(Tobecontinutit. 


Root  SxRtJCTURE,  &c  ,  of  Primroses.  —  The 
Hamburger  Gailen  uiui  Blunien  Zeilun«  for  July 
contains  a  translation  of  this  paper,  prepared  for  the 
Primula  Conference. 


DAFFODILS  IN  THE  PYRENEES. 

On  May  24,  I  left  Biyonne  to  spend  three  weeks 
in  the  Tjienees.  As  there  were  ladies  in  the  party, 
we  kept  to  the  usual  main  route,  Luchon,  St. 
Siuveur,  Eaux  Bonnes,  Cauterels,  and  made  expedi- 
tions to  places  within  a  walk  or  a  drive  of  these 
headquarters.  Garden  flowers  growing  wild  I 
expected  to  see  in  abundance,  and  was  not  disap- 
pointed ;  but  for  DalTjdils,  I  made  up  my  mind  that 
it  would  be  too  late,  but  this  was  a  qreat  mistake. 
The  best  places  for  scarce  varieties  of  U.ffodils  in  the 
Pyrenees  are  the  hij^h  mountain  paslur-s  from  5000 
to  7000  feet  above  the  sea  level,  and  their  flowering 
season  at  these  elevations  is  from  ihe  middle  of  May 
to  the  end  of  June,  extending  in  some  spots  till  the 
middle  of  July.  Thus  from  the  first  appearance  of 
Pallidas  pr?ecox,  which  flowers  in  warm  situations 
near  Bayonne  as  early  as  the  end  of  January  to  the 
latest  DafTodils  on  the  high  mountains,  the  Pyrenees 
see  these  flowers  for  six  months  in  the  year.  It  must 
not  be  supposed,  however,  that  they  continue 
flowering  for  long  in  any  one  spot.  On  the  contrary, 
at  high  elevations,  as  alpioe  botanists  know,  all  the 
spring  flowers  come  out  at  once,  N.  Pseudo-Nar- 
cissus and  N,  poelicus  conaing  out  together 
at  the  same  time  as  Hepaticas,  Gentians,  white 
Asphodels,  and  a  mass  of  other  spring  flowers  whose 
flowering  in  our  ill-defined  climate  extends  over  at 
least  three  months.  It  is  this  simultaneous  flowering 
which  is  so  favourable  to  the  formation  of  those 
hybrids  which  are  supposed  to  be  found  in  several 
parts  of  the  Pyrenees.  Before  leaving  England,  and 
whilst  in  France,  I  collected  from  books,  from 
tourists,  from  local  botanists,  and  from  guides  all  the 
information  I  could  about  Daffodils  in  the  Pyrenee?. 
I  had  supposed  that  one  had  only  to  go  to  the  Pyre- 
nees to  be  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  meadows  and 
hillsides  filled  with  Daffodils.  But  I  found  that  the 
nearer  I  got  to  the  mountains  the  less  I  could  hear 
about  these  flowers.  Guides  knew  absolutely  nothing 
about  them.  At  Bayonne  an  old  gentleman,  supposed 
to  be  a  good  botanist,  but  who  seemed  just  to  know 
that  there  was  such  a  thing  as  a  flo'*er  called  a  Nar- 
cisse,  was  asked  by  me  whether  he  had  ever  heard 
of  hybrids  of  them.  He  replied,  "Ah!  Monsieur 
desire  des  hybrides  1  lis  sont  tie^  rares  ;  il  faut  aller 
tres  loin  et  monter  tr6i  haut  pour  trouver  des 
hybrides  !  "  but  as  for  the  special  mounts  which  were 
required  I  could  learn  nothing  from  this  oracle. 

The  lower  slopes,  generally  very  steep,  of  the 
Pyrenees,  where  the  ground  can  be  cleared  enough  to 
be  turned  into  meadow  land,  are  always  artificially 
irrigated  by  some  of  the  countless  streams  which  run 
down  the  mountain  sides,  and  these  flowery  meadows 
extend,  as  far  as  trees  and  rocks  allow  them,  to  a 
height  of  3000  or  4000  feet.  In  the  neighbourhood 
of  Givarnie  these  irrigated  meadows  are  full  of  Daf- 
fodils, but  in  many  places  I  searched  them  in  vain 
for  traces  of  a  Daff  jdil  lea^.  It  is  in  the  high  pas- 
tures, above  the  irrigation,  where  the  most  promising 
hunting-ground  is  to  be  found.  These  high  pastures 
are  often  difficult  to  find  without  a  guide,  especially 
in  wet  weather,  such  as  prevailed  during  the  whole  of 
my  visit,  when  one  has  to  walk  amongst  thick  forests 
on  very  steep  mountain  sides,  through  drizzling  clouds. 
After  two  or  three  hours  of  such  walking,  when  it 
would  seem  from  the  cold  and  the  snow  that  one  had 
passed  all  such  flowers  as  Daffodils,  it  is  a  pleasant 
surprise  tocome  suddenly  upon  green  flowery  pastures, 
though  by  no  means  all  of  them  contain  DalTjlils. 

During  my  stay  I  spent  seven  or  eight  days  in 
exploring  mountains  at  the  elevations  I  have  men- 
tioned, and  when  I  found  that  DaflTodils  were  still  in 
flower  I  searched  chiefly  for  them.  Oa  one  such 
pasture  near  Eaux  Chiudes,  indicated  in  a  French 
botanical  work  as  good  for  hybrids,  I  found  all  the 
leaves  eaten  off  by  sheep,  and  collected  a  number  of 
fools,  which  I  think  are  Narcissus  poeticus,  but  I 
could  not  find  a  flower.  One  or  two  mountains  I 
searched  in  vain  :  on  one  I  found  a  few  hybrids, 
evidently  between  N.  poeticus  and  N.  Pseudo-Nar- 
cissus, not  unlike  N.  incomparabilis,  but  not  so  fine. 
I  obtained  three  or  four  diffircnt  varieties  of  Daffodils, 
but  all  of  them  I  had  already.  I  neither  saw  nor 
heard  of  any  rush-leaved  Diffodil  of  any  kind  on  the 
mountains,  except  Juncifolius,  which  abounds,  grow- 
ing with  Pseudo-Narcissus  in  meadows  near  Gavarnie, 
forming  hybrids  with  it;  but  all  the  flowers  there 
were  quite  past — early  in  May  is  their  season.  Near 
Luchon  I  found  N,  muticus  only  in  bud,  and  on  that 
day  and  on  another  I  was  out  in  a  snowstorm— a 


common  event  in  June — at  the  elevation  at  which 
Daffodils  flower  at  that  season. 

Having  thus  given  briefly  my  own  experience  of 
Daflfodils  in  the  Pyrenees,  I  will  end  by  suggesting 
that  any  who  make  the  collection  of  these  flowers 
their  object  had  better  try  other  and  less-explored 
grounds.  The  Pyrenees  are  250  miles  long,  and  about 
30  miles  acros-,  and  are  more  broken  up  into  inde- 
pendent mountains  than  any  chain  in  Europe.  In 
these  7000  square  miles  the  hunting-ground  for 
adventurous  collectors  is  inexhaustible. 

I  was  told  by  M.  Bjrdere,  of  Gcdre,  thit  the 
Pyrenees  to  the  east  of  the  sources  of  the  Garonne 
contain  a  greater  variety  of  Daff'odils,  especially 
hybrids,  than  the  western  part  of  the  mountains. 
And  it  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  larger 
and  more  sunny  half  of  the  Pyrenees  is  situated  in 
Spain,  and  is  visited  by  few  English  owing  to  the 
inferior  accommodation,  although  one  Daffodil,  the 
pretty  white  moschatus,  has  not  only  been  found,  but 
I  believe  already  exterminated  on  ihit  side  ;  and  for 
this  reason  I  should  always  refrain  from  publishing 
the  exact  spot  of  any  rare  variety.  The  best  month 
lor  searching  the  high  pastures  is  decidedly  ftom  the 
middle  of  May  to  the  middle  of  June.  C  Wolky  Dod, 
EJ^e  Hall,  Malpas,  June  21, 


J 


HARDY     PLANTS. 

Polyanthus  and  Primrose  seed  may  still  be  sown 
in  a  moist  warm  temperature,  and  the  plants  will  bloom 
the  following  April.  Sow  the  seed  in  pans  or  boxes  ; 
when  the  plants  are  ready  to  handle  prick  off  into 
other  boxes,  stil!  retaining  them  in  the  same  pit  or 
frame ;  and  when  the  plants  have  developed  four 
leaves,  harden  off  and  afterwards  plant  out  in  rich 
soil. 

The  rockery  should  now  be  carefully  examined, 
and  all  dead  leaves  and  decayed  flower-stems  removed. 
Protect  any  of  the  more  tender  subjects  from  the 
direct  rays  of  the  sun.  Sprinkle  the  stones  and 
other  surroundings  with  water  after  the  sun  has 
gone  off  for  the  day.  This  will  freshen  up  the  plants, 
and  enable  them  to  withstand  the  scorching  heat  of 
the  following  day.  See  that  none  suffer  for  lack  of 
moisture.  Fuchsias  look  well  trained  amongst  oH 
roots,  and  Petunias  have  a  good  effect  in  the  rockery. 

Propagation  of  Tender  Bedding  Stuff. 

Preparation  should  now  be  made  to  carry  out  the 
propagation  of  the  subjects  to  be  used  for  the  embel- 
lishment of  the  flower  garden  next  year.  Such  plants 
as  Iresine,  Alternanthera,  Coleus,  Mesembryanthe- 
mum.  Verbena,  Petunia,  Heliotrope,  Tropreoleum, 
lSic,  should  be  got  in  first.  These  are  best  propa- 
gated without  artificial  heat,  and  will  winter  more  sat- 
isfactorily than  those  struck  later  in  the  year.  Get  a 
cold  frame  in  readiness  by  putting  in  a  few  inches  of 
coal  ashes,  tread  or  beat  these  until  they  are 
hard,  on  this  place  from  6  or  8  inches  of  cocoa- 
nut  fibre  for  plunging.  The  best  sizes  of 
pots  to  winter  these  subjects  in  are  4S's  or 
32's.  Have  the  requisite  number  of  these  got 
ready  by  washing  or  dry  rubbing  them.  Much  lime 
will  be  saved  in  crocking  if  the  crocks  to  be  used  are 
put  through  a  series  of  sieves.  First  use  one  of  three- 
quarter  inch  mesh,  what  does  not  pass  through  this 
will  do  to  place  over  the  holes  in  the  pots  ;  then  a 
half-inch,  and  a  quarter-inch.  If  these  are  placed  in 
the  bottom  of  the  pot  in  the  order  mentioned,  with  a 
little  dry  moss  on  the  top  it  will  effectually  prevent  any 
soil  from  getting  into  the  drainage.  This  is  very 
important,  as  the  plants  have  to  occupy  the  same 
pots  until  the  stock  of  cuttings  has  been  secured  the 
following  spring.  Get  some  loam,  leaf-mould,  and 
sand,  in  about  equal  quantities ;  fill  the  pots  to  within 
an  inch  and  a  half  from  the  top;  on  the  top  of 
all  place  a  layer  of  good  sharp  sand  (river  sand 
is  to  be  preferred,  although  other  kinds  will 
answer  the  purpose).  Select  the  young  shoots 
which  spring  from  the  centres  of  Verbenas,  He- 
liotropes, Petunias  and  Ageratums,  as  these  will 
root  quicker  and  grow  more  freely  than  hard  bloom- 
ing wood.  It  is  not  necessary  to  waste  time  making 
cuttings  of  most  soft-wooded  plants,  as  these  can  be 
taken  off  about   the   requisite   length    as    they  are 


July  31,  i8S6.1 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


143 


collected.  The  principal  thing  to  guard  against  is 
letting  the  cuttings  become  withered  in  any  degree. 
They  ou^ht  tD  be  pricked  into  the  pots  as  expediti- 
ously as  posible,  and  the  pots  as  they  are  filled, 
ought  to  be  taken  to  the  frame  and  plunged  up  to  the 
rim  ;  they  should  then  receive  a  good  watering 
through  a  fine  rose.  The  sashes  should  be  kept 
closed  and  well  shaded  with  mats  until  such  time  as 
they  have  emitted  roots,  Theyshould  then  be  gradually 
inured  to  the  light,  and  a  little  air  admitted,  increas- 
ing the  quantity  every  few  days.  As  soon  a?  they  are 
thoroughly  rooted  they  should  only  receive  the  pro- 
tection of  the  lights  during  heavy  rains,  or  in  case  of 
frost,  until  it  is  time  to  house  them  for  the 
winter.  Thus  treated  on  the  hardy  system  they  will 
winter  with  slight  Io>s  if  proper  attention  is  bestowed 
upon  them.    ?r.  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 


pjLAJMTg  AND  THEIR  f  ULTUF(E. 


BULBS. 

A  BATCH  of  Amaryllis  may  now  be  put  in  the 
Pine  stove  or  forcing-house.  Crinums  should  not  be 
overlooked;  these  and  the  varieties  of  Eucharis  are 
favourites  always.  The  first  instalment  of  Roman 
Hyacinths  should  be  potted,  or  if  wanted  for  cutting 
only,  the  bulbs  may  be  planted  thickly  in  pans  or 
boxes,  and  the  flowers  will  come  in  during  the  dull 
month  of  November  in  abundance.  Lachenalias  are 
amongst  the  most  valuable  of  spring  flowering  bulbs, 
and  deserve  more  a'tention  than  is  generally  paid  to 
them.  Now  is  the  best  time  to  shake  out  and  repot 
them  in  fibrous  loam,  leaf-mould,  and  sand,  potting 
firmly,  leaving  the  tips  of  the  bulbs  just  out  of  the 
soil.  Lilium  auratum,  L.  lancifolium,  and  the  varie- 
ties of  L.  rubra  which  have  been  retarded  should  be 
brought  forward  and  exposed  to  more  light  by  placing 
them  in  the  greenhouse  or  cold  pit. 

Seeds  of  annuals  should  be  sown  without  delay, 
such  as  Mignonette,  dwarf  Scabious,  Cornflower,  a 
few  Ten-week  Stocks,  Godetias,  and  the  various 
varieties  of  Rhodanlhus,  dwarf  Zinnias,  and  Nemo- 
phila,  these  will  be  found  to  be  of  great  service  late 
in  the  autumn.  A,  Evans^  Lythe  Hill, 


]^F?UIT3     ^NDEF}     <^LA33. 


PINES. 

It  is  time  now  to  proceed  with  the  potting, 
arranging  and  plunging  of  the  plants  in  their  autumn 
and  winter  quarters.  The  first  step  to  be  taken  in 
this  direction  is  to  remove  the  suckers  carefully  from 
the  plants  which  have  been  fruiting  during  the  pist 
summer,  and  place  them  in  a  corner  of  the  potting- 
shed,  out  of  the  way  o(  potting  operations.  The  old 
stools,  except  of  those  varieties,  such  as  Providence, 
Charlotte  Rothschild,  and  Smooth-leaved  Cayenne, 
which  are  shy  in  producing  suckers,  can  be  committed 
to  the  rubbish-heap,  the  soil  in  which  they  were 
growing  to  the  waste-soil  heap,  the  crocks  saved  for 
future  use,  and  the  pots  washed  for  the  reception  of 
next  year's  fruiters.  The  top-dressing  and  potting  of 
these  should  at  once  be  proceeded  with,  the  beda  of 
spent  tan  or  leaves  being  in  the  meantime  removed 
and  fresh  plunging  material  supplied  ;  the  interior  of 
Pine-houses  and  pits  washed  with  hot  lime  and  the 
woodwork  and  glass  with  water.  Many  of  the 
strongest  growing  plants  which  were  put  into  their 
fruiting-pots  last  spring,  and  afterwards  plunged  in 
the  ordinary  way  in  the  succession-house,  will  be 
fruiting  now.  These  plants  should  be  taken  out  of 
their  summer  quarters  and  have  between  one  and  two 
inches  of  the  surface-soil,  and  a  few  of  the  bottom 
leaves  removed,  the  former  with  the  assistance  of  a 
pointed  Oak  stick  working  it  rather  deeper  round  the 
edge  of  the  pots  ;  then  remove  carefully  any  suckerj 
that  may  be  attached  to  ure  plants,  and  top-dress 
with  rough  sandy  loam.  Ram  the  same  well 
together  with  a  wooden  rammer  as  the  work 
proceeds.  Then  select  and  pot  in  their  fruiting 
(10  or  il-inch)  pots  the  necessary  number  of  plants  to 
fill  the  house  for  fruiting  next  summer  and  early 
autumn. 

Potting  the  Plants. 

The  pots  should  be  efficiently  crocked  by  putting 
large  pieces  of  potsherds  in  the  bottom  and  smaller 
ones  on  the  top  to  the  depth  of  2  inches,  finishing  off 
with  a  sprinkling  of  fresh  soot  and  a  few  pieces  of 


turf,  grassy  side  down.  Fibry  sandy  loam  which 
has  been  cut  and  stacked  for  twelve  months,  is  the 
best  kind  of  soil  for  Pines.  This  should  be  chopped 
down  with  a  spade  as  required  for  use,  adding  there- 
to crushed  bones,  fresh  soot,  and  small  charcoal  at 
the  rale  of  a  lo-inch  polful  of  each  ingredient  to  a 
barrowful  of  Inam,  the  whole  being  well  mixed  before 
being  used.  The  plants  should  be  turned  carefully 
ou'  of  the  pots,  the  drainage  and  a  few  of  the  lower 
leaves  removed,  and  the  surface  and  sides  of  the  ball 
of  earlh  and  roots  loosened  slij;htly  with  a  pointed 
slick,  and  any  soil  not  permeated  with  roots  removed. 
They  should  be  let  down  to  the  bottom  leaves  in  pot- 
tmg,  and  the  soil,  which  should  be  sufficiently  dry 
not  to  adhere  to  the  stick?,  be  rammed  firmly  round 
the  roots  with  flat  and  round  rammers,  as  the  space 
admits,  taking  care  that  plants  are  made  firm  about 
the  collar.  Over-potting  is  to  be  avoided,  but  a  space 
of  I  or  2  inches  between  the  ball  of  the  plant  and  the 
pot  will  not  be  too  much,  but  quite  sufiicient  for  all 
healthy  plants  in  their  several  shifts  from  the  sucker 
to  the  fruiting-pot.  In  potting  suckers  it  will  be 
necessary  to  remove  a  few  of  the  bottom  leaves,  so 
that  the  roots  coiled  round  the  stem  under  the  leaves 
may  push  more  readily  into  the  soil,  and  about  half 
an  inch  of  the  base  of  each  sucker  should  be  cut  clean 
oir  with  a  sharp  knife  before  being  potted. 

Plunging  the  Pots. 
The  plunging  material  having  been  well  trodden 
tegether,  plunge  the  fruiting  phnts  from  2  to  2^  feet 
from  to  centre  to  centre,  keeping  the  tops  as  near  the 
glass  as  can  be  without  their  coming  in  actual  contact 
with  it,  and  give  the  smaller  plants  space  in  proportion 
to  their  size.  Give  sufficient  clean  tepid  water  to 
settle  the  soil  about  the  roots,  shade  the  plants  from 
bright  sunshine  until  the  roots  have  taken  to  the  soil, 
and  damp  them  overhead  every  afternoon  at  shutting- 
up  time.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Caslle. 


h  W^ 


Wi^m. 


J4aRDY    'pRUIT    ^(^ARDEjM. 


PEACHES    AND    NECTARINES. 

In  order  to  give  the  fruit  every  advantage  to  finish 
well  the  trees  should  now  be  regularly  gone  over 
every  week  and  all  lateral  growths  pinched  out.  To 
induce  a  high  colour  on  the  fruit  they  may  be  ex- 
posed to  the  sun  a  little  by  cutting  some  of  the 
foliage  in  half  near  the  fruit,  or  tying  it  back  with 
matting.  Nevertheless,  the  requirements  of  varie- 
ties should  be  studied  when  carrying  out  the 
work  ;  tender-skinned  varieties  should  not  be  ex- 
posed to  the  influence  of  the  weather  so  much  as 
others,  and  as  a  rule  it  is  not  advisable  to  expose 
any  of  them  to  the  same  extent  as  would  he 
considered  beneficial  under  glas?,  as  I  have  seen 
fine  frait  greatly  bruised  and  disfigured  by  heavy 
storms  when  approaching  the  ripening  stage  when 
fully  exposed  to  the  weather.  If  the  final  thinning 
of  heavy  crops  has  not  yet  been  attended  to  no  time 
should  be  lost  in  finishing  such  work,  bearing  in 
mind  that  a  good  crop,  judiciously  thinned,  according 
to  the  individual  strength  of  the  trees,  is  one  of  the 
greatest  inducements  to  perfect  ripening  of  the  wood, 
and  an  excessive  crop  the  reverse. 

On  healthy  trees  constant  syringing  may  now 
be  discontinued,  rather  administer  a  good  wash- 
ing, say  once  a  week.  As  soon  as  the  fruit 
commences  the  second  swelling  several  soakings  of 
manure-water  applied  to  the  roots  will  greatly  add 
to  the  size  and  quality  of  the  fruit.  In  the  absence 
of  manure-water  a  good  sprinkling  of  guano  applied 
under  the  mulching  and  lightly  pricked  into  the  soil 
immediately  prior  to  giving  a  soaking  of  clean  water 
will  supply  the  necessary  stimulant.  The  mulchings 
should  be  turned  over  occasionally  in  order  to  allow 
the  rain  and  artificial  waterings  to  pass  rapidly  and 
evenly  through  them,  and  the  less  they  are  trod  upon 
the  better. 

Other  Wall  Trees,  &c. 

Morello  Cherries  this  year  are  carrying  a  splendid 
crop,  and  a  small-mesh  net  should  be  hung  over  the 
tree  to  protect  the  fruit  from  birds.  Still  continue  to 
examine  the  points  of  the  shoots,  and  apply  powdered 
Tobacco  should  blackfly  be  delected.  Sweet  Cherry 
trees  from  -vhich  the  fruit  has  been  gathered  should 
be  well  syringed  with  soap  or  tobacco-water  if  fly 
has  got  established  whilst  the  fruit  was  ripening.  If 
not  already  attended  to,  wall  Pear  trees,  Apples  on 
trellises,  &c.,  should  have  the  breastwood  spurred 
back,  taking  care  not  to  leave  the  spurs  too  long. 
The  same  remarks  apply  to  standard  and  other 
shaped  trees,  proceeding  with  the  earliest  varieties 
first,   G.  H,  Richards^  SomerUy^  Ringwood^ 


PRICKLY  OR  WIMfER  SPINACH. 

pREi'ARATiox  should  now  be  made  for  the  main 
.iowing  of  this,  which  should  take  place,  according  to 
the  locality,  from  the  first  to  the  third  week  in  August. 
A  well  drained,  sheltered  border  facing  south  would 
be  the  most  suitable  siluilion,  but  in  any  case  the  site 
mast  be  an  open  one  and  exposed  to  the  sun, 
bsing  to  a  certain  extent  shelterd  from  cutting 
winds,  and  also  well  drained.  A  moderately  rich  light 
soil,  that  has  been  minured  for  a  previous  crop,  is  to 
be  preferred  ;  which,  after,  having  been  dug  over 
and  well  broken  up,  should  be  formed  into  ridges,  in 
rows  from  20  inches  to  2  feet  apait. 

In  a  few  day^,  and  after  the  soil  has  become  firm 
and  settled,  drills  i  inch  deep  should  be  drawn  on 
the  surface  of  the  ridges,  and  the  seed  sown  thinly, 
and  lightly  covered  wiih  fine  soil,  and  afterwards  made 
firm  and  even  with  the  back  of  the  spade.  Thinning 
the  young  plants  should  be  resorted  to  as  soon  as  they 
are  large  enough  to  handle,  and  before  they  become 
drawn  or  overcrowded  ;  in  the  first  instance  the 
plants  should  be  singled  out  and  afterwards  finally 
thinned  to  a  distance  of  6  inches  from  plant  to  plant. 
After-treatment  will  consist  principally  of  keeping 
them  clear  of  weeds,  and  of  applying  during  the 
earlier  stages  of  growth  an  occasional  light  top-dress- 
ing of  lime  and  soot. 

Parsley. 

If  any  deficiency  is  likely  to]  arise  in  the  supply  of 
Parsley,  no  time  should  be  lost  in  making  it  good,  by 
transplanting  strong  plants  from  the  earliest  sowings 
on  to  sheltered  dry  borders,  and  into  cold  frames,  where 
protection  can  be  readily  afforded  during  winter, 
shading  and  watering  will  be  necessary  in  both  cases 
during  hot,  dry  weather,  and  until  the  plants  have 
ta'ien  root.  Now  also  would  be  a  good  time  to 
establish  some  in  well-drained  pots  or  boxes  for  in- 
doors work,  transplanting  into  firm  rich  soil  from  4  to 
6  inchr!sapart.  Sprinklings  of  soot  on  the  surlace,  or 
watering  with  soot-water,  is  highly  beneficial  for  the 
pro:Juction  of  good  Parsley. 

Cucumbers. 
As  the  days  shorten,  those  growing  in  dung  frames 
will  require  less  atmospheric  moisture,  ei^pfcially 
during  damp  and  cloudy  weather,  and  at  closing  time 
of  an  afternoon  ;  any  necessary  watering  or  syringing 
wjuld,  therefore,  be  better  applied  after  this  dale  in 
the  early  part  of  the  day,  and  as  soon  as  it  is  practical 
to  open  the  frames.  The  thinning-out,  stopping,  and 
removal  of  all  surplus  shoots  and  decayed  leaves,  must 
be  attended  to,  and  where  the  supply  depends,  and  has 
to  be  continued  as  long  as  possible  from  the  frames  of 
this  description,  the  old  linings  should  be  turned  over 
and  renewed  from  time  to  time,  to  encourage  and 
maintain  a  steady  boitom-heat,  which  will  be  essential 
and  necessary  in  keeping  the  plants  in  a  growing  and 
healthy  condition.  As  regards  saving  seed,  plants  that 
have  been  somewhat  heavdy  cropped  previously  are  ihe 
best  for  producing  it.  For  a  succession  to  those  in 
dung  flames,  and  for  a  supply  of  early  winter  Cucum- 
bers in  pits  heated  by  hot-water  pipes,  plants  should 
be  raised  at  once  of  approved  varieties,  such  as 
Telegraph,  Cardiff  Castle,  Dickson's  Favourite,  &c., 
and  preparations  be  made  in  the  way  of  cleansing, 
repairs,  &c,,  to  the  structures  they  are  to  occupy. 

TOMATOS. 

Young  plants  that  are  being  grown  on  for  giving  a 
supply  of  fruit  during  the  autumn  and  winter  months 
should  be  encouraged  in  every  possible  way  by  liberal 
treatment  to  get  well  established,  and  to  cover  the 
trellis  or  spaces  allotted  them  before  the  autumn,  the 
flowers  and  surplus  growth  in  the  meantime  being 
removed.  Older  plants,  however,  that  were  planted 
in  early  spring,  and  are  still  in  bearing,  answer  well 
for  this  purpose,  and  in  this  case  should  be  cut  back 
rather  freely,  and  all  the  fruit  remaining  on  them 
removed  ;  this  operation  should  be  performed  not 
later  than  the  last  week  in  August  ;  as  much  of  the 
old  soil  as  possible,  without  injury  to  the  plants, 
should  also  be  taken  out  and  replaced  with  fresh 
compost,  the  house  and  plants  thoroughly  cleansed, 
and  afterwards  a  brisk  heat  and  growing  temperature 
maintained  to  induce  a  free  growth. 

General  Work 
will  chiefly  consist  in  giving  attention  to  growing  cropa 
in  the  way  of  eaifning  up  and  in  putting  support  to 
subjects  likely  to  be  injured  by  strong  gales,  in  filling 
up  and  miking  gond  any  vacancies  amongst  Cabbige, 
Sprouts,  Broccoli,  &c.,  the  final  planting  out  of  the 
same,  and  also  of  late  Celery.  Make  provision  for 
salads  by  sowing  Radishes  and  Cabbage  Lettuce  on 
warm  borders  ;  also  a  good  sowing  of  Endive  and 
the  necessary  quantity  of  Mustard  and  Cress,  and  a 
small  bed  of  Chervil  to  stand  the  winter.  John 
Austen^  Withy  Court > 


144 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONlCLt.. 


IJULV   31,     1886, 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK' 

MONnAv,  Aug,  , f  '';;;;5=s'];,™(iwo°"iy")"'"'  ^"'"*''' ^""" 

Tuesday,  Aur.  3  —  Flower  bhow  and  Gala  at  Leicester. 

Thursday  A,ii>  <  J  "='=  "'   ImP""c''  Orchids    from    Mr.    F. 

IHIIRSDAY,  Aug.  Sj        Sander,  at  Stevens' Ronms, 

Friday  Atic  6  !  ^''°  "'  ',"'.1'°'"^''  "-'rchids,  at  Prollieroe  & 

CATt,i,n.«  A  »  I    Matlock      IlMh      Horticultural      Society's 


AMONG  the  many  encouraging  signs  of  the 
progress  of  biological  science  may  surely 
be  counted  the  increased  attention  that  is  now 
being  paid  to  the  Pathology  of  Plants. 
Enticing  as  the  study  was  to  those  of  old  on 
account  of  the  apparently  mysterious  origin  of 
many  plant  diseases,  it  became  no  less  attrac- 
tive as  fortress  after  fortress  was  besieged  and 
taken  with  the  weapons  and  methods  afforded 
by  modern  microscopes  and  physiology.  More- 
over, however  little  hope  that  we  should  ever 
establish  a  system  of  vegetable  hygiene  may 
have  sustained  the  pioneers  in  this  department 
of  botany,  it  is  impossible  now  to  overlook  the 
important  results  attained  and  daily  being 
attained  from  the  scientific  study  of  the 
physiology  of  ill-health  in  plants  :  to  say 
nothing  of  the  valuable  contributions  to 
morphology  which  have  accrued  from  the 
investigations  of  the  fungi,  especially  those 
which  are  the  causes  of  diseases.  From  the 
standpoint  of  economics,  we  need  only  point 
to  the  prophylactic  treatment  of  seeds,  first 
rendered  possible  by  the  scientific  elucidation 
of  the  causes  and  progress  of  such  diseases  as 
the  "  bunts,"  &c.,  the  saving  of  money  which 
followed  the  explanation  of  the  "laying"  of 
Wheat.  Every  one  knows  what  a  different 
aspect  is  presented  by  the  diseased  conditions 
due  to  "  rusts,"  "  mildews,"  &c.,  now  that  close 
and  laborious  investigations  have  elicited  the 
life-histories  of  these  fungi  ;  and  similarly  with 
"  Witch's  Brooms,"  "  Fingers-and-Toes,"  and 
numerous  other  malformations.  Who  could 
have  foreseen  the  importance  of  the  facts  now 
to  hand  as  regards  the  production  of  chlorophyll, 
and  the  relations  of  temperature,  light,  iron, 
and  so  forth,  to  its  formation  ;  or  the  bearing  of 
discoveries  respecting  the  parts  played  by 
potassium,  calcium,  and  other  salts  in  the  plant? 
Or,  again,  we  may  remind  the  reader  of  the 
destruction  of  seedlings  by  species  of  Pythium, 
and  of  woody  tree  trunks  by  Hymenomycetes, 
as  showing  that  while  the  work  is  by  no  means 
ended — indeed,  it  has  but  just  begun— the  re- 
sults are  already  of  the  highest  importance  to 
humanity. 

It  was  apparently  a  simple  discovery  that 
sunshine  may  be  too  strong  for  a  plant ;  and  it 
seems  an  obvious  generalisation  that  a  plant 
does  not  necessarily  keep  its  health  in  a  situ- 
ation where  the  annual  rainfall,  and  all  other 
circumstances,  are  like  those  of  its  home,  except 
that  the  rainfall  is  somewhat  differently  distri- 
buted. Nevertheless,  it  is  now  well  known  that 
Buch  facts  and  such  generalisations  assume  very 
different  proportions,  as  to  results,  according  as 
they  are  in  the  hands  of  one  who  has  been  pro- 
perly taught  the  elements  of  the  physiology  and 
pathology  of  plants,  or  of  one  who  merely 
seizes  the  empiric  item  of  knowledge,  but  does 
not  know  how  to  apply  it  in  the  field  or  in  the 
forest,  and  to  perceive  its  bearings  on  prevent- 
ible  diseases  in  plants. 

In  view  of  the  rapid  progress  which  is  being 
made  in  scientific  botany  applied  to  agriculture 
and  forestry,  a  second  edition  of  Sorauer's 
Handbook,  in  an  enlarged  and  improved  form, 
already  noticed  at  p.  44,  Gardener^  Chronick, 
July  10,  iSS5,  is  a  welcome  addition  to  the 
botanical  library  ;  for,  although  Frank's  able 
treatise  was  published  in  1S80,  much  has  been 
discovered  and  advanced  since  that  date. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  features  in  the 
book  is  the  recognition  of  the  facts  of  variation 
in  connection  with  the  phenomena  of  disease. 
Starting  from  the  incontrovertible  position  that 


for  the  most  part  the  occurrence  of  a  disease 
{i.e.,  disturbance  of  the  structure  and  functions 
of  an  organism  of  such  a  nature  as  to  threaten 
its  existence)  depends  on  two  factors — first,  a 
cause  or  agent  external  to  the  plant,  and, 
secondly,  a  condition  of  affairs  within  the 
latter  such  that  but  little  resistance  is  offered  to 
the  inroads  of  this  external  cause  or  agent. 
SORAUER  then  elaborates  the  facts  of  variation 
as  bearing  on  the  differences  in  behaviour  of 
different  plants  towards  disease- producing 
influences  or  agents.  For  instance,  the  sudden 
removal  of  all  the  leaves  on  an  actively  growing 
plant  may  give  so  terrible  a  shock  to  the  whole 
of  the  functions  that  the  plant  sickens  and  dies  ; 
but  the  end  may  be  hastened  by  the  co-opera- 
tion of  unfavourable  circumstances — e.s;.,  poor 
soil,  bad  weather,  &c. — which  would  not  have 
otherwise  sufficed  to  kill  a  vigorous  plant  not 
thus  weakened. 

As  another  example  we  may  take  the  follow- 
ing : — Some  individuals  among  a  number  of 
plants  are  more  liable  to  suffer  from  frost  than 
others,  although  both  are  exposed  to  similar 
conditions  ;  it  is  known  from  experiments  that 
frost  injures  the  organs  of  plants  more  rapidly 
and  to  a  greater  extent  when  they  are  full  of 
sap  than  when  they  are  less  succulent. 

Then  again,  with  certain  fungi  at  any  rate, 
it  appears  that  some  conditions  of  the  host- 
plant  may  favour  the  establishment  and  rapid 
spread  of  the  devastating  mycelium.  For 
instance,  a  germinal  tube  may  penetrate  more 
rapidly  through  cellulose  walls  which  are  very 
watery,  or  through  stomata  which  are  more 
widely  opened  than  is  at  other  times  the  case. 

Such  considerations  bring  the  author  to  the 
discussion  of  the  vexed  question  of  "predis- 
position "  to  disease  on  the  part  of  plants,  and, 
putting  the  case  shortly,  he  commits  himself  to 
the  view  that  predisposition  (in  the  sense  illus- 
trated above)  exists. 

To  this  point  the  closest  possible  attention 
should  be  paid,  if  misunderstandings  are  to  be 
avoided  such  as  have  arisen  in  the  past,  and 
such  as  are  still  possible  ;  loose  thinking  in  this 
connection  may  seriously  affect  the  position  of 
vegetable  pathology. 

Given  a  fungus-thread  or  hypha  entering  the 
stoma  or  air-hole  of  a  leaf  in  order  to  vegetate 
in  the  tissues  within  the  leaf,  it  is  obvious  that, 
cateris  paribus,  any  changes  in  the  environ- 
ment which  cause  the  stoma  to  open  wider  at 
the  critical  period  of  entry,  or  which  promote 
the  growth  in  length,  branching,  or  vigour 
generally  of  the  germinal  thread,  may  favour  its 
ingress  to  the  tissues,  and  hasten  the  spread 
of  the  spawn  and  of  the  disease  caused  by 
it ;  similarly,  any  changes  in  the  environment 
which  promote  the  elongation  of  a  young  organ 
and  render  its  cell-walls  more  watery,  may 
favour  the  penetration  of  a  thread  boring 
through  those  cell-walls. 

In  a  certain  sense,  undoubtedly,  a  host-plant 
thus  circumstanced  may  be  referred  to  as  more 
susceptible  to  the  disease-producing  agent,  and 
therefore  to  the  disease,  just  as  a  watery  young 
branch  may  be  spoken  of  as  more  susceptible 
to  frost  ;  but  this  is  a  very  different  matter  from 
what  has  been  implied  by  the  phrase  "  pre- 
disposed to  disease,"  as  Sorauer,  it  is  true, 
recognises  to  some  extent.  The  author  does 
not  improve  matters  by  the  distinction  between 
"  normal  predisposition  "  and  "  abnormal  pre- 
disposition," The  latter  is  illustrated  by  the 
case  of  a  tree  injured  by  frost,  cracks  or 
wounds  being  formed  of  such  a  nature  that 
fungi  (otherwise  unable  to  establish  themselves 
in  the  tissues  of  the  tree),  settle  on  the  wound, 
and  emit  hyphal  threads  which  penetrate  to 
destroy  the  tissues.  We  would  rather  see  the 
word  "  predisposition"  abandoned  altogether  in 
this  connection,  lest  some  genius  extends  its 
meaning  so  as  to  speak  of  the  predisposition  of 
a  garden  for  weeds.     The  word  has  gathered  an 


unfortunate  mass  of  old  ideas  around  it,  and  such 
words  are  often  obstructive — otherwise,  there 
can  of  course  be  no  objecion  to  the  ideas  which 
SORAITER  wishes  to  denote  by  it,  and  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  they  are  not  new. 


Odontoglossum  VE.XILLARIUM. — The  fine 

plant  {6g.  27),  reproduced  from  a  photograph  taken 
on  the  occasion  ol  its  being  exhibited  by  Mr.  J. 
Douglas,  gardener  to  F.  Whitbourne,  Esq.,  is 
perhaps  one  of  the  finest  examples  of  this  beautiful 
Orchid  to  be  found  in  this  country,  carrying  as  it  did 
at  that  time  290  blooms,  borne  on  forty-seven  spikes. 
Mr.  Douglas,  who  is  very  successful  in  his  manage- 
ment o(  Orchids  generally,  has  shown  himself  to  be 
thoroughly  at  home  with  this  species.  The  plant  is 
not  "  made  up,"  having  been  bought  as  a  small  plant 
about  ten  years  ago.  The  method  adopted  in  its 
culture  is  identical  with  that  recommended  by  Mr.  B. 
S.  Williams,  namely  to  grow  the  plant  in  the 
Cattleya  house  during  winter  until  the  flowers  appear, 
when  it  should  be  removed  to  a  cool  house,  where 
the  flowers  will  remain  in  good  condition  for  a  long 
time.  In  such  a  house  the  plant  may  stand  the 
whole  summer,  taking  care  never  to  let  it  get  dry  at 
the  root.  As  it  is  amenable  to  this  treatment,  this 
Orchid  is  suitable  for  placing  with  other  flowering 
plants  in  the  conservatory, 

New  Peas  Certificated. — At  a  meeting 

of  the  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee  held  at  Chis- 
wick  recently — present,  C.  Silverlock,  Esq.,  in  the 
chair ;  Messrs.  Weir,  Sutton,  Miles,  Norman,  Den- 
ning, Warren,  Law,  and  Barron  (Secretary) — the 
collection  of  Peas  growing  in  the  garden  was  ex- 
amined, and  First-class  Certificates  awarded  to  the 
following  :— 

Fame  (Ecklord). — A  green  wrinkled  Marrow,  with 
large  deep  green  well-filled  pods  ;  height,  5  feet, 

Empress  (Eckford). —White  wrinkled  Marrow, 
well-filled  large  broad  pods,  vigorous  grower ;  height, 

5  feet. 

Seedling  No.  16  (Wildsmith).— White  wrinkled 
Marrow,  very  long  pods,  strong  grower,  good  cropper ; 
height,  4  feet. 

President  Garfield  (Veitch).  —  White  wrinkled, 
large  well-filled  pods,   heavy  cropper ;  height,  3  feet 

6  inches. 

Seedling,  unnamed  (Sharpe  &  Co.).  —  A  dwarf, 
wrinkled,  blue  Marrow. 

"Bees  and  Bee-keeping."  —  Mr,  Che- 
shire's work  on  this  subject  is  remarkable  for  the 
elaborate  details  it  gives,  not  only  of  the  anatomy  and 
physiology  of  the  bee,  but  of  flowers  also.  A  de- 
scription up  to  date  of  the  embryo  sac  and  its  contents 
is  what  we  should  not  find  in  many  gardening  books, 
but  it  is  not  thought  out  of  place  in  a  treatise  on  bees. 
Mr.  Cheshire's  book  is  published  in  monthy  parts 
by  L.  Upcott  Gill. 

"The    Orchid    Album."— The    plants 

figured  in  the  last  number  are  : — 

Phahvnopsis  Stuartiana,  t.  237. 

Saccolabitim  Blumei  var.  Russellianum,  t.  238, — 
A  very  fine  variety,  with  the  lip  of  a  dark  violet 
colour. 

Lcelia  albida  var.  bella,  t.  239. — ^A  variety  with  the 
segments  creamy-white,  tipped  with  lilac  ;  lip  yellow, 
with  a  broad  band  of  rosy-magenta  round  the  middle 
lobe. 

Oncidium  Marshallianum,  t.  240. — A  cool-house 
Orchid,  requiring  a  moderate  amount  of  moisture, 
and  very  little  shade. 

Appropriate  cultural  details  accompany  every  plate 
of  this  useful  periodical. 

Paul  Neyron. — This,  says  the  Revue  Horti- 

cole,  is  the  biggest  Rose  known.  It  was  raised  by 
M.  Levet  between  Victor  Verdier  and  Anna  Diesbach 
in  1S69.  For  those  who  like  a  Rose  as  big  as  a 
Pseony  this  is  the  one,  but  no  doubt  it  is  effective  and 
suitable  for  particular  purposes.  As  to  size  Uh'ich 
Brunner  runs  it  hard. 

Narthecium    ossifragum. — Mr.    Ware 

sends  us  a  box  of  flowers  of  this  pretty  and  interesting 
wild  plant,  common  enough  in  boggy  places,  but 
rarely  seen  in  cultivation,  though  amply  worth 
growing. 


July  31,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


M5 


Vitality  of  Cycads.  — In    the    Deutsche 

Garlen  Zeitung  Dr.  Wittmack  gives  an  instance  of 
the  longevity  inherent  in  trunks  of  the  genus  Cycas. 
He  says  :— "  In  the  nursery  establishment  of  Mr.  J. 
C.  Schmidt,  at  Erfurt,  Germany,  there  have  existed 
for  the  last  eight  years  two  trunks  of  Cycas  media, 
having  a  height  of  13  and  16  feet  respectively.  These 
two  trunks,  forming  a  portion  of  a  large  cargo  brought 
from  Queensland,  were  on  their  arrival  in  1S7S  con- 
sidered to  be  quite  dead,  but,  for  the  sake  of  curiosity, 
they  were,   nevertheless,    planted    in    the    ground. 


is  native  to  East  Africa  and  parts  of  India,  and  there- 
fore a  very  likely  plant  to  occur  in  Mauritius.  Its 
habit  is  like  that  of  Hydrocotyle  asiatica,  for  which, 
in  the  absence  of  flowers,  it  might  on  a  cursory  glance 
be  mistaken, 

Japanese  PEPrEEMiNT. — The  great  demand 

for  menthol,  says  the  Pharinaceulical  Journal,  that 
has  arisen  during  the  last  two  or  three  years,  has 
caused  a  great  increase  in  the  cultivation  of  Pepper- 
mint in  Japan.     According,  however,  to  a  statement 


from  almost  white,  a  delicate  salmon-pink,  and  red 
and  purple  splashed  on  white  grounds  ;  altogether  a 
fine  lot.  Messrs.  Caeter  k  Co.  state  that  there  are 
between  three  and  four  thousand  pots  of  these  plants 
now  in  bloom  at  their  Forest  Hill  Nursery.  The 
blooms  are  fine  and  large,  very  regular,  and  decidedly 
attractive. 

Genip  and  Genipa  (see  p.  122). — An  error 

crept  into  our  report  of  Mr.  Morris'  interesting 
lecture    on   tropical   fruits   in  our  last   issue.      Mr. 


Fig.  27.— or  on  n  e 

(From  a  photograph  of  a  plant  shown  by  llr.  J.  Dougia 


1    I_      ( _^^.) 

:  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Regent's  Park,  June  9.) 


Imagine  the  astonishment  of  everybody  concerned  at 
finding  that  these  '  mummies  '  had  suddenly  returned 
to  life,  their  crowns  ornamented  with  wreaths  of  thick 
foliage,  which  is  now  completely  grown  and  affords  a 
most  imposing  sight  I  " 

Flat   Island.— Mr.  Horne  has  published 

a  list  of  the  plants  found  by  him  in  this  island— a 
dependency  of  Mauritius  ;  they  comprise  122  species, 
sixty-nine  of  which  are  considered  indigenous,  thirty- 
eight  naturalised  exotics,  and  fifteen  cultiv.ited.  The 
only  novelty  is  Ipomcea  teniformis,  which  has  not 
been  previously  recorded  from  Mauritius,  but  which 


in  a  circular  issued  by  Messrs.  Cocking,  of  Yoko- 
hama, nearly  the  whole  of  the  new  plantations  have 
been  laid  down — through  ignorance  or  carelessness — 
with  a  very  inferior  variety  of  this  plant,  known  among 
Peppermint  growers  as  the  green  kind,  which  yields 
under  unfavourable  conditions  an  oil  having  a  rank 
turpentiny  or  camphoraceous  smell. 

Balsams. — Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High 

Hoi  born,  London,  have  kindly  sent  us  a  box  of  specimen 
blooms  of  theChallengerstrain  of  Balsams.  Theflowers 
are  of  many  colours — white,  bright  scarlet,  scarlet  with 
white  marbling,  several  purplish  and  mauve  shades 


Morris  wrote,  "  The  Litchi,  Rambutan,  and  Longan 
of  the  East  Indies  are  co-related  by  the  Genip  oi  the 
West  Indies,  all  of  which  belong  to  the  same  natural 
order  Sapindacece."  The  insertion  by  us  of  the 
words  "Genipa  americana"  is  an  error  which 
destroys  the  point  of  Mr.  MoRRIs'  remarks, 
which  was  to  show  the  co-relation  of  East 
and  West  Indies  in  the  matter  of  fruits.  The 
confusion,  for  which  we  are  alone  responsible, 
arose  from  our  overlooking  the  fact  that  the  Genip 
and  the  Genipa  are  two  different  things.  Neither 
is  much  known  this  country,  the  Genip  indeed,  under 
that  name,   hardly  at  all.     The  Genip  of   the  West 


146 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


(July  31,  1886. 


InHies  is,  as  Mt,  Morris  righlly  slated,  a  Sapin- 
daceous  plant,  and  is  botanically  named  Melicocca 
bijuga,  while  the  Genipa,  or  Genipap,  is  the  fruit  of  a 
Rubiaceous  plant,  Genipa  ameiicana,  and  native  to 
Brazil.  This  mistake  emphasises  the  necessity  foi  the 
employment  of  technical  names  in  preference  to,  or  at 
least  in  addition  to,  the  vernacular  ones.  The  fruit  of 
Melicocca  bijuga  is  mentioned  in  many  books  of  re- 
ference, and  is  well  known  to  botanists  ;  "  Genip  " 
occurs  but  in  few. 

OsYRis    ALBA.— M.    Planchon    has   lately 

mentioned  this  as  an  occasional  parasite  on  the  roots 
of  the  Vine,  but  not  to  such  an  extent  as  to  do  any 
material  damage  where  weeding  and  hoeing  are  pro- 
perly attended  to,  as  they  are  in  the  vineyards. 

The  Colonial  Exhibition.  —  The  litera- 
ture pertaining  to  this  Exhibition  is  not  unnaturally 
extensive,  and  for  the  most  part  it  is  excellent.     Each 
colony  has   caused  to  be  prepared  a  short  account, 
which  generally  includes  a  summary  of  the  histoiy, 
foundation,  government,  physical  and  natural  features, 
as  well  as  commercial  products  of  the  colony.     In  this 
way  an  amount  of  authentic  information  has  been  got 
together  which  can  rarely  if  ever  have  been  made  so 
accessible    before.      Adverting    more    especially    to 
matters  in  which  our  reader;  are  more  directly  con- 
cerned, we  note  an  excellent  descriptive  and  classified 
list  of  the  woods  of  Queensland,  by  Mr.  F.  Manson 
Bailey,   the  Colonial  Botanist.     The  Ceylon   cata- 
logue, in  addition  to  a  mention  of  raw  products  gene- 
rally, has  a  list  of   the   drugs  and  of  the  timber  trees 
of  Ceylon,    to    accompany  the   specimens   exhibited 
by    the    Director    of    the    Royal    Botanic    Garden. 
The  New  Zealand  catalogue  also  comprises  a  list  of 
native  woods,  but  not  so  usefully  arranged  as  in  some 
other  cases.      New   South   Wales  issues   a  general 
statement  of  the  progress  and  resources  of  the  colony, 
but  no  list  of  products.     The   Cape  of  Good   Hope 
c:italogue  includes  descriptive  lists  of  medicinal  plants 
and  of  woods.     The  official  handbook  of  Natal  deals 
with  generalities,  and   the  same  may  be  said  of  Fiji, 
a  special  feature  of  which,  however,  are  the  elaborate 
meteorological  details,  which  will  be  useful  for  future 
reference.      South    Australia   furnishes    an    excellent 
general  account  of  the  nature,  history,  and  products 
of  the  colony.     The  Victorian  handbook  is  remark- 
able for  the  copiousness  of  its  illustrations.     Canada 
has  an  admirable  summary  of  its  history,  productions, 
and    natural  resources,   accompanied  by  two    large- 
sized   maps,  which  enable  us  to  realise  the  extent  of 
the  Dominion,  and  the  splendid  prospects  in  store  for 
it.     The   special    British    Guiana   catalogue    is    very 
interesting   to    peruse,    and    the   notes    on    timbers 
instructive,    though   here,   as   elsewhere,   the    use  of 
popular  names,   compulsory  in  this  case,  is  a  great 
drawback.       The   notes   on    the    Straits   Settlements 
contain  an  interesting  history  of  the  colony,  but  little 
detail  as  to  its  products.     The  West  Indian  courts  so 
far  seem   least  well  represented  in  this  enumeration 
of  literary  exhibits.     Tasmania,  for  some  reason  or 
other,  does  not  appear  to  be  represented  at  all  in  this 
Exhibition.    We  are  frequently  asked  to  give  informa- 
tion and  advice  to  intending  emigrants — a  task  which, 
at  least  so  far  as  the  counsel  goes,  we  rarely  comply 
with,  for  reasons  that  will  be  sufticiently  obvious  ;  but 
since  the  opening  of  the  Colonial  Exhibition  we  have 
referred  all  applicants  to  the  Exhibition  and  to  the 
official  reports.     We  allude  to  this  matter  because  in 
our  judgment  it  shows  the  desirability  of  securing  a 
permanent  Colonial   Museum,  where  every  applicant 
may  find  the  information  he  is  in  search  of. 

— —  Barbados. ^In  the  court  assigned  to  the 
representation  of  the  products  of  this  island  in  the 
Colonial  Exhibition  hangs  overhead  a  large  branch 
of  a  Fig  sending  down  roots  from  the  under  surface 
of  its  branches.  These  roots  branch  towards  their 
free  ends,  and  so  a  wig-like  appearance  is  produced, 
whence  the  name  of  the  island  was,  it  is  stated,  derived. 

Tobacco  Growing  in  London. — A  cor- 
respondent has  obligingly  furnished  us  with  leaves 
of  various  kinds  of  Tobacco  grown  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Regent's  Park.  Nicotiana  Wigandiodes  has 
ovate-oblong  leaves,  of  a  pale  green  colour,  2  feet 
long  by  14^  inches  in  width  ;  N.  atropurpurja  grand- 
flora,  has  leaves  of  a  deeper  green  colour,  broadly 
ovate,  23  by  16  inches  ;  N.  macrophjlla  gigantea, 
has  leaves  rather  widest  at  the  bottom,  of  a  rich  dark 
green,  and  measuring  24  by  16  inches.  All  three 
were  good  samples  of  rapid  succulent  growth,  but 


rather  destitute  of  the  glandular  hairs  on  which  the 
fragrance  depends.  II  the  autumn  should  prove 
light  enough  and  hot  enough,  however,  the  peculiar 
qualities  of  the  Tobacco  may  yet  be  developed.  We 
take  the  names  as  they  were  given  to  u'.  Even  as 
foliage  plants  the  specimens  were  very  handsome. 

CladOptosis. — The  fall  of  the  leaf  is  due  to 

the  formation  of  a  generative  layer  of  cork  cells  at 
right  angles  to  the  plane  of  the  leaf,  the  vessels  of  the 
wood  and  bast  not  being  affected.  The  leaf  is  only 
maintained  in  connection  with  the  branch  by  the 
vascular  threads,  which  are  readily  snapped.  In  the 
branches  of  the  white  Poplar,  which  fall  ofT  very  regu- 


valuable  economic  plants  at  their  disposal  for  Chinese 
novelties,  and  the  benefit  would  be  mutual.  We  have 
not  received  one  from  a  Ctiinese  source  this  year.  Hong 
Kong  would  be  a  convenient  station  for  reciprocating 
favours  from  Chinese  who  might  be  disposed  to  intro- 
duce some  of  the  resources  of  foreign  horticulture,  or 
agriculture,  into  China.  We  are  gradually  accumu- 
lating a  Urge  variety  of  plant;  of  commercial  value,  a 
portion  of  which  we  would  gladly  distribute  amongst 
any  of  our  Chinese  friends  who  might  be  inclined  to 
favour  us  with  some  of  the  inlerestin?  vegetable 
novelties  of  the  Celestial  Empire." 

Aristolochia    trilobata.  —  Having    re 


larly,  a  change,  according  to  M.   LeclerC  du  Sab-       cently  noticed  this  distinct  species  in  two  diflTercnt 

"    '  '        '        gardens    under    the    name    of    A.    Krempferi,    the 

question  might  be  excusable,  how  such  a  name 
could  be  applied?  A.  Kajmpferi  is  a  native  of  Japan, 
quite  worthless  for  horticultural  purposes,  and  does 
not  seem  to  be  introduced  to  this  countiy  in  a  living 
state.  At  all  events  it  is  not  recoided  in  gardenmg 
dictionaries  and  other  horticultural  works.  The 
species  is  described  at  length  in  De  Candolle's 
Pi-odromus,  XV.,  p.  439  The  flowers  are  small,  with 
a  yellow  tube  and  a  purple-veined,  shortly  two-lipped 
lamina,  without  the  long  tail  so  characteristic  of  A. 
trilobata— a  character,  however,  that  is  more  liable  to 
confound  it  with  A.  macroura,  and  such  is  actually 
the  case  in  the  Bolanical  Register,  1399,  where  the 
latter  is  figuted  as  A.  trilobata.  The  lat'er  is  a 
native  of  the  West  Indies  and  Braz  1,  and  was 
originally  introduced  to  this  country  in  1775.  An 
excellent  figure  of  the  species  is  given  in  the  Botanical 
Mai^azinc,  t.  6387,  and  a  reference  to  the  allied  A. 
macroura,  characterised  by  the  upper  segment  of  the 
perianth   being    produced    into    a    long   tail    nearly 


occurs  in  the  cells  above  the  newly-foti 
layer  ;  the  cell-walls  become  liquified  and  gelatinous, 
and  the  branch  falls.  The  mechanism  of  cicatrisation 
[ihe  formation  of  the  cork-layer]  is  the  same  in  the 
two  cases,  but  that  of  the  actual  fall  is  very  different. 

National  Carnation  and  Picotee  So- 
ciety (Northern  Section). — The  annual  exhibi- 
tion of  northern  grown  flowers  will  take  place  at  the 
Botanical  Gardens,  Old  Trafford,  on  Satuiday, 
August  14.  This  is  a  rather  late  fixture,  but  the 
flowers  are  late  in  the  North  ;  still  a  good  average 
bloom  may  be  expected,  and  an  interesting  exhibi- 
tion. Bright  and  warm  sunny  weather  is  much 
needed  by  growers  in  the  Midland  and  Northern 
Counties. 

Peter  Lawson  &  Son,  Limited.— Accord- 
ing to  a  circular  which  has  reached  us  the  directors 
announce  that  after  providing  for  discounts,  abate- 
ments, &c.,  the  accounts  show  a  surplus  for  the  past 


year  of  ;i3053  V.  8./.,  which,  together  with  the  sum       ^g  \nzht%  long.     That  of  A.   trilobata  is  more  nearly 
of  ;^5233  OJ.  l<!.  brought  forward  from  last  b.alance,       ^^^^^  ^^,(  ^^^^  length,  and  pale  brown,  except  at  the 


leaves  £8286  a,s.  i\d.  at  the  disposal  of  the  directors, 
out  of  which  it  is  proposed  to  pay  a  dividend  of  10 
per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  paid-up  capital,  free  of 
income-tax,  payable  on  September  I  next  This  will 
absorb  the  sum  of  ;f  1750  ;  and  it  is  further  proposed 
to  Kvile  ofi";^400  from  machinery,  fittings,  and  furni- 
ture, CTiP  'fom  seed  stocks,  for  contingencies,  and 
carry  forward  the  balance,  viz.,  ^5386  4J.  \\d.,  to 
next  account. 

Soy.— We  do  not  suppose  that  there  is  much 

of  the  Soja  Bean  in  the  alleged  mixture  of  treacle  and 
salt  which  does  duty  as  Soy.  The  real  article,  how- 
ever, must  have  a  distinct  dietetic  value  as  a  solvent 
of  starchy  and  farinaceous  foods.  Messrs.  SriNGL 
and  MORAWSKI,  according  to  the  Journal  of  tlie 
Pharmaceutical  Sociely,  confirm  the  presence  in  the 
Bean  of  a  very  active  diastatic  ferment,  which  places 
it  in  respect  of  saccharifying  power  beyond  any  other 
fruit  at  present  known.  This  ferment  converts  about 
two-thirds  of  the  starch  upon  which  it  acts  into 
sugar,  and  one-third  into  dextrin.  In  this  respect  it 
resembles  the  action  o(  the  diastatic  ferment  of  un- 
malted  Barley,  and  differs  from  that  of  malt,  which 
forms  more  dextrin  and  less  sugar  the  smaller  the 
quantity  of  malt  in  proportion  to  the  starch  upon 
which  it  acts.  The  Bean  itself  contains  only  a  very 
small  quantity  of  dextrin,  the  extractive  being  a 
mixture  of  different  sugars  (about  12  per  cent.),  dis- 
tinguished by  their  easy  fermentability.  Messrs. 
Stingl  and  Morawski  consider  that  the  small 
amount  of  starch  in  the  Soja  Bean,  and  the  minute- 
ness of  the  granules,  are  explained  by  the  presence  of 
the  energetic  diastatic  ferment, 

Aquilegia      Skinneri.  —  Mr.      Sereno 

Watson  notes  that  this  plant  has  been  collected  in 
South-western  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  by  Dr.  Edward 
Palmer.  The  plant,  which  was  origir.-illy  introduced 
by  seeds  collected  in  Guatemala  by  G.  Ure  Skinner, 
has  never  before  been  collected.  Mr.  Watson 
remarks  that  as  it  has  proved  to  be  perfectly  hardy  in 
English  gardens,  a  tropical  habitat  is  not  probable  ; 
but  this  will  not  apply  in  all  cases.  The  common 
blue  Passion- flower  is  hardy  about  London,  but  is 
nevertheless  a  native  of  South  Brazil, 

Plant  Exchange  in  China.— The  Super- 
intendent ol  the  Botanical  Department,  Hong  Kong, 
says  :  — "  China  is  unquestionably  a  rich  field  for  bo- 
tanical research,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Chinese 
authorities  have  no  organised  means,  in  the  way  of 
a  national  botanic  garden,  of  cultivating  and  distri' 


base,  which  is  much  darker,  while  the  rest  of  the 
perianth  is  pale  green  with  anastomosing  brown 
veins,  saccate  at  the  base,  and  produced  into  six  short 
spur  like  processes.  Below  the  middle  the  tube  is 
bent  as  if  broken,  and  then  suddenly  ends  in  the 
slender  broad-based  tail  as  above  described.  The 
flowers  are  not  so  showy  as  those  of  some  other 
species,  but  produced  in  great  profusion,  setting  off 
the  three- lobed  leaves  to  advantage.  The  leaves  of 
A.  Ksmpferi  are  exceptionally  threelobed,  and 
excessively  variable.  The  subject  of  this  note  may  be 
seen  in  the  Victoria  and  Palm  houses  at  Kew,  where 
they  flower  great  part  of  the  summer. 

Zamia    integrifolia.  —  Prof.     Sargent 

writes,  that  in  Florida  this  Cycad  is  largely  culti- 
vated for  the  sake  ol  the  starch  contained  in  its  roots, 
large  quantities  of  the  starch  bei'ig  made  for  the  Key 
West  and  West  Indian  markets.  There  are  several 
establishments  now  engaged  in  this  industry  upon  the 
shores  of  Biy  Biscoyne  and  upon  M'.imi  River  just 
below  where  it  flows  out  from  the  Florida  Everglade;. 
All  the  species  of  the  Cycad  order  are  rich  in 
starch,  and  some  of  them  are  common  articles  ol  food 
in  the  countries  where  they  grow.  In  Japan  sago  is 
procured  from  the  stem  of  Cycas  revoluta,  and  we 
are  told  by  Thunberg  that  this  sago  is  held  in  Ihe 
highest  esteem,  it  being  contrary  to  the  laws  of  Japan 
to  take  the  tree  out  of  the  country.  C.  pectioata,  C. 
circinalis  and  other  Cycases  also  yield  starch  in  more 
or  less  abundance.  Zamia  pumila,  a  West  Indian 
species,  is  known  to  contain  much  starch  in  its  stems 
and  roots,  but  it  appears  that  Z.  integrifolia,  also  a 
native  of  the  West  Indies,  is  likely  to  prove  the  most 
important  of  all  as  a  starch  producer.  The  seeds  of 
some  of  the  Cycads  also  contain  starch- Dioon  edule 
deriving  its  name  from  the  large  seeds  yielding  con- 
siderable quantities  of  arrowroot.  Plants  of  Z.  integ- 
li'olia  may  be  seen  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew, 

Vegetable  Products  in  Austro  Hun- 
gary.—A  report  from  Austria- Hungary,  dated  from 
Serajevo  in  April  last,  states  that  by  far  the  most 
important  article  of  exportation  from  Bosnia  is  Plums. 
The  dried  fruit  is  either  sent  in  barrels  to  Trieste  and 
thence  almost  exclusively  to  America,  or  else  in  sacks 
of  fifty  kilos  to  Austria-Hungary  and  Germany.  In 
good  seasons  the  exportaiion  reaches  49,210  tons. 
Last  year  it  probably  exceeded  that  amount,  as  Ihe 
crop  was  the  best  that  has  been  known  lor  the  last 
ten  years.  The  annual  exportation  of  valonia— the 
acorn  cups  ol  Quercus  /Egilops— is,  it  seems,  about 
'    ■        ount. 


buting  their  innumerable  vegetable  products.  Botanic       984  tons.    Formerly  it  was  nearly  double  that 
gaidensofothercountrieswouldgratefullyexchangethe      but  the  quality  is  so  inferior  that  it  is  little  sought 


July  31,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


147 


after  in  Europe,  and  does  not  realise  more  than 
i6j.  St/,  to  20J'.  per  loo  kilos.  No  great  sales  of 
timber  seem  to  have  been  effected  during  the  past  year. 
The  local  government  board  wished  ihat  the  cadastral 
survey  of  the  country  should  be  finished,  and  the  owner- 
ship of  the  forests  correctly  proved  before  any  more 
timber  was  offered  for  sale.  More  than  half  Bosnia, 
and  nearly  a  third  of  the  Herzegovina  is  forest.  The 
superficial  area  of  these  provinces  is  said  to  be  about 
21, 000  square  miles,  of  which  9657  square  miles  are 
forest,  6950  square  milee  arable  land,  and  the 
remaining  4393  barren  rock.  The  forests  consist 
chiefly  of  Fir,  Pine,  Oak,  and  Beech  trees.  Although 
during  a  long  series  of  years  these  forests  were 
wantonly  devastated  by  fire  and  reckless  cutting,  there 
is  no  doubt  that  they  will  be  eventually  a  source 
of  considerable  revenue  to  the  Government.  The 
construction  of  a  line  of  railway  to  the  sea-coast 
would  enable  Bosnia  to  compete  most  advanta^jeously 
with  Italy  and  Austria-Hungary  in  the  Levant 
timber  trade,  and  in  the  exportation  of  charcoal. 

The  Sparrow.— This  terrible   nuisance  to 

the  fruit-raiser  and  seed-grower  is,  says  the  American 
Gardeners*  Monthly^  like  Satan,  not  without  an  oc- 
casional good  quality.  Prof.  Ward  thus  tells  of  a 
slight  advance  in  its  moral  character  :^"  One  smill 
piece  of  good  work  the  sparrow  did  do  last  summer,  and 
that  was  to  practically  exterminate  the  "seventeen 
yc^ar"  locusts  which  appeared  in  the  parks  in  the 
city  of  Washington.  The  London  sparrows  are  re- 
puted to  read  the  newspapers,  and  this  ability  has  pro- 
bably been  inherited  by  their  descendantF.  Certain 
it  is  that  immediately  after  the  published  declaration 
of  Prof.  Riley  that  Cicadas  were  edible  the  best 
energies  of  the  sparrows  were  devoted  to  their  destruc- 
tion. Forsaking  the  streets,  they  hung  about  the 
parks  from  morning  to  night,  snapping  up  the  luck- 
less Cicadas  as  fast  as  they  appeared.  So  great  was 
the  destruction  that  the  edges  of  the  walks  were 
bright  with  a  sparkling  border  of  Cicada  wings,  and 
scarcely  an  insect  was  left  to  propagate  the  race." 

Hemipilia  calophylla.— This  one  out  of 

the  two  known  species  has  just  flowered  for  the  first 
time  at  Kew,  and  may  be  described  as  a  gem  in 
miniature.  It  was  discovered  by  the  Rev.  C.  Parish 
on  limestone  rocks  near  Moulmein  ii  1S73,  and  is 
described  by  Reichenbacii  in  Trimen's  'Journal  of 
Botany,  1S74,  p.  197.  It  is  a  terrestrial  Ofchid,  and 
a  near  ally  to  our  Habenarias  with  a  solitary  leaf, 
almost  as  attractive  as  an  Aneectochilu?.  It  is 
cuneate-oblong  in  a  young  state  of  the  plant,  but  as 
the  latter  attains  its  full  size  the  leaf  becomes 
decidedly  cordate,  clasping  the  peduncle  with  its 
involute  base,  heavily  and  beautifully  marbled  with 
brownish-purple.  The  peduncle  and  bracts  are  also 
marbled  in  the  same  manner,  the  former  attaining  a 
length  of  6  inches  or  thereby,  bearing  several  flowers 
in  a  raceme.  The  sepals  are  white  with  a  greenish 
midrib,  the  upper  one  being  erect  and  protecting  the 
column,  whilethe  lateral  ones  are  broadly  and  obliquely 
ovate  and  spreading.  The  petals  are  ovate,  smaller 
than  the  lateral  sepals,  but  similarly  colour. d  and 
erect.  The  labellum  is  obovate,  emarginate,  spread- 
ing, spurred  at  the  base,  deep  rich  purple,  finely 
pubescent,  as  are  the  sepals  and  petals  exteriorly,  and 
by  far  the  most  conspicuous  part  of  the  flower. 
Varieties  occur  in  a  wild  state,  having  the  sepals  and 
petals  also  brightly  coloured.  The  grand  and  dis- 
tinguishing feature  of  the  genus,  however,  lies  in  the 
large  and  prominent  rostellura,  curved  upwards  and 
backwards,  grooved  in  front  and  also  in  two  places 
behind.  It  is  finely  pubescent,  and  of  a  deep  maroon- 
purple  colour.  If  the  plant  proves  moderately  easy 
to  cultivate  it  will  be  a  great  acquisition  notwith- 
standing its  comparative  smallness. 

Movement   of  Tendrils.— Dr.    P.   Pen- 

hallow  contributes  an  important  paper  to  the 
American  Journal  of  Science  (xxxi.,  46,  looand  17S), 
on  the  movement  of  tendrils  in  Cucurbita  maxima 
and  pepo,  incidentally  dealing  with  other  phenomena 
of  growth  in  these  plants.  The  results  obtained  are 
based  upon  observations  covering  a  period  of  ten 
years,  the  original  and  principal  facts  having  been 
obtained  in  1875  by  a  series  of  experiments  which 
involved  almost  continuous  observation  through  night 
and  day,  for  a  period  of  one  week.  He  fully  dis- 
cusses the  reUtion  which  meteorological  conditions 
bear  to  growth,  and  confirms  previous  observations 
concerning  the  stimulating  influence  of  combined  heat 


and  moisture,  but  the  retarding  effect  of  the  former 
when  acting  alone.  The  daily  periodicity  in  growth, 
dependent  upon  alternation  of  day  and  night,  is  shown 
to  be  quite  marked,  the  inflience  of  conditions  during 
the  day  being  found  to  be  greater  in  promoting  the 
general  growth  than  the  retarding  influence  of  sun- 
light, so  that  the  general  extension  of  parts  during 
the  day  exceeds  that  for  the  same  number  of  hours  of 
night  as  44.4  to  34  3,  a  result  which  confirms  that 
previously  obtained  by  Rauwenhoff.  The  most 
important  facts,  however,  are  those  relating  to  the 
mechanism  of  movement.  This  is  found  to  depend 
primarily  upon  the  presence  of  three  active  bands  of 
cellular  tissue,  which  traverse  the  tendril  throughout 
its  entire  length,  and  by  their  more  rapid  rate  of 
growth  produce,  through  unequal  tension  of  the 
various  tissues,  all  the  phenomena  of  torsion  and  cir- 
cumnutation  usually  noticed.  These  bands,  which 
the  author  calls  Vibrogen,  in  allusion  to  their  peculiar 
relation  to  movement,  are  found,  one  on  the  upper 
side  o(  the  tendril  arm,  and  one  on  each  side,  some- 
what above  the  horizon  of  the  major  and  transverse 
axis  of  the  section.  Their  direct  connection  with 
the  circumnutation  is  most  inceniously  obtained  from 
the  figures  described  by  the  circumnutating  tip  of  the 
tendril.  Each  figure  is  shown  to  exhibit  changes  of 
direc'.ion  in  movement,  which  are  exictly  reversed  or 
follow  an  intermediate  course,  accordingly  as  any  one 
band  is  directly  succeeded  by  greater  activity  of  its 
opposite  or  the  remaining  two  bands;  the  direction 
thus  taken  being  the  direct  expression  of  more 
vigorous  growth  in  one  band,  or  representing  ihe 
resultant  of  activity  in  two  bands  at  the  same  time. 
He  next  shows  that  the  total  latitudes  of  movement 
are  one-half  the  total  departures,  thus  bringing  out  in 
a  more  conclusive  manner  the  precise  relation  of 
vibrogen  to  motion.  The  final  conclusions,  with 
reference  to  the  cause  of  motion,  are  as  follows  :  — 
I.  Movements  of  the  tendril  and  petiole  are  due  to 
unequal  growth,  as  producing  unequal  tension  of 
tissues.  2.  The  unequal  growth  is  chiefly  defined  in 
the  vibrogen  tissue,  which  may  therefore  be  regarded 
as  the  seat  of  movement.  3  The  band  of  unequal 
growth  does  not  arise  at  successive  points  of  the 
circumference.  4.  The  vibrogen  tissue  consists  of 
three  longitudinal  bands,  each  of  which  becomes 
more  active  in  turn,  without  regular  order.  5.  The 
coUenchyma  tissue  is  that  which  is  chiefly  concerned 
in  variations  of  tension  under  mechanical  stimuli. 
6.  Bending  or  coiling  under  the  influence  of  irritation 
results  from  release  of  tension,  or  (free  coiling)  from 
inequality  of  tension  through  maturity  of  tissues.  7. 
Transmission  of  impulses  is  effected  through  continuity 
of  protoplasm  in  the  active  tissues. 

Michigan    Horticultural    Society. — 

The  fifteenth  annual  report  now  before  us  forms  a 
substantial  volume  of  over  500  pages.  Its  contents 
fitly  illustrate  what  is  being  done  in  most  Stntes  of 
the  Union  and  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  .ind  they 
offer  for  our  use  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  an 
excellent  model.  Here  if  a  society  gets  up  one  or 
two  shows  in  the  course  of  the  year  it  is  thought  to 
have  accomplished  its  purpose.  It  has  perhaps  con- 
tributed successfully  to  the  enjoyment  of  a  large 
number  of  people,  especially  if,  as  is  common  in  the 
provinces,  the  horticultural  display  be  associated  with 
fireworks,  bicycle  races,  and  other  accompaniments 
more  fitted  for  a  country  fair  than  for  a  society  which 
is  supposed  to  have  more  important  aims  in  view. 
We  have  nothing  whatever  to  urge  against  the  re- 
creation of  the  people— quite  the  contrary;  we  only 
allege  that  it  is  not  the  proper  function  of  a  horticul- 
tural society  to  provide  it.  A  horticultural  society 
exists  for  the  advancement  of  hcr^iculture,  and  it  goes 
out  of  its  way  when  it  attempts  to  fulfil  any  other 
ofiice.  In  the  United  States, [though,  we  doubt  not,  the 
recreative  element  is  not  neglected,  the  horticultural 
societies  mean  business,  and  do  not  mix  work  and 
play,  but  work  first  and  play  afterwards.  In  the 
case  before  us  we  seethe  Michigan  State  Horticul- 
tural Society  has  four  meetings  yearly,  and  that  it 
has  associated  with  it  numerous  local  societies  which 
seem  all  to  work  on  the  same  general  lines.  The 
first  pages  of  this  volume  give  a  summary  of  what  is 
done  in  almost  every  State  of  the  Union  in  the  way 
of  legislation  for  the  promotion  of  horlicullure, 
pomology,  and  forestry,  with  reports  as  to  what  laws 
have  been  found  futile,  and  which  successful.  It 
may  readily  be  conceived  what  advantage  must  result 
from  such  a  summary.  At  the  meetings  the  members 
do  not  confine  themselves  to  mere  exhibitions,   but 


they  contribute  papers  on  practical  points,  and  by 
free  discussion  they  elicit  the  opinion  of  those  most 
competent  to  give  it.  Here  are  the  subjects  discussed 
at  one  of  the  meetings  :  —  Insects,  and  the  way  to 
circumvent  them  ;  Flum  culture.  Potato  culture, 
Timber  protection.  Fruit  improvement,  &c.  These 
subjects  are  well  and  usefully  handled,  and  the  talk  is 
not  confined  to  a  few  chosen  speakers,  but  is  taken 
part  in  by  the  Fellows  generally.  A  large  part  of  the 
Proceedinos  of  the  American  Pomological  Society 
is  represented,  and  at  the  end  such  portions  of  the 
classified  Fruit  Catalogue  of  the  last-named  Society 
as  are  applicable  to  Michigan. 

Publications   Received. — Fourth   Report 

of  the  United  States  Entoinohgical  Commission  : 
Cotton  Worm  and  Boll  Worm.  'By  C.  V.  Riley, 
Ph.  D.  (Washington  :  Government  Printing  Ofii;e). — 
Descriptiones  et  Emendationes  Plantaruin  Novaruni 
et  minus  coj^nitarum  fasciculus  X.  By  E.  Rrgel 
[?tUopo\\).~ Report  of  the  Natal  Botanic  Society  for 
the  Year  1885  (Durban:  iVatal  Mercury  Ptes^).— 
Illustrations  of  the  Indigenous  Fodder  Grasses  of  the 
Plains  of  North-western  India  (Roorkee  :  Thomason 
Civil  Engineering  College  Press). 


INDIAN    NOTES. 

Botany  and  Horticulture  in  India.  —  The 
science  of  botany  is  a  most  interesting  study,  but 
requires  years  of  close  application  to  acquire  anything 
like  a  competent  knowledge.  Horticulture,  on  the 
other  hand,  is  but  a  pleasant  recreation  to  those  who 
love  the  garden  and  wish  to  know  how  to  grow 
flowers.  We  therefore  note  with  pleasure  that  the 
Madras  Government  has  decided  to  substitute  horti- 
culture for  botany  in  the  higher  examinations  in 
science  and  art.  For  the  preliminary  examination  a 
**  Syllabus  "  has  been  compiled  comprising  the  struc- 
ture and  growth  of  plants,  soils,  manures,  tillage 
operations,  horticultural  operations,  and  horticultural 
implements.  In  addition  to  pass  papers  there  will  be 
a  I'/z-'j  Z'i7c^  examination  in  the  above  subjects.  This 
new  departure  will  be  an  incentive  to  the  study  of  a 
science  which  has  hitherto  in  this  country  been  con- 
fined to  the  few  who  have  the  time  and  means  to 
pursue  it.  Efforts  ought,  at  no  distant  date,  to  be 
made  for  the  granting  of  a  degree  to  cmdidates  who 
take  the  highest  honours.  At  present  an  Indian 
horticulturist  has  no  locus  standi,  whereas  his  English 
contemporary,  by  having  the  letters  F.L.S.  (Fellow 
of  the  Linncean  Society),  or  F. R.H.S.  (Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society),  affixed  to  his  name, 
carries  the  **  hall  mark  "  of  efficiency  in  his  profes- 
sion [!].  Again,  whenever  the  Government  of  India 
requires  a  curator  or  gardener  for  any  of  the  Govern- 
ment botanical  gardens  or  plantations  a  man  has  to  be 
got  out  from  England,  at  great  expense,  and  under  a 
covenant  of  three  to  five  years.  By  establishing  a 
degree  in  horticulture  in  India  this  expense  and 
inconvenience  will  be  done  away  with.  No  English- 
man coming  out  here  straight  from  home  can  be 
expected  to  know  the  language  of  this  country,  or  the 
conditions  of  plant  life  in  India.  Another  advantage 
of  the  system  will  be  the  encouragement  to  the  study 
of  a  science  that  has  long  been  neglected  in  India, 
and  the  supply  of  thoroughly  trained  gardeners;  and 
it  is  a  matter  of  surprise  that  a  step  in  this  direction 
was  not  taken  long  since.  Indian  Agriculturist^ 
June  26. 

The  Amiltas. 

This  truly  fine  tree  is  the  Cassia  fistula  of  botanists, 
at  one  time  called  Cathartocarpus.  It  begins  to 
flower  in  May,  before  the  leaves  appear ;  when  about 
half  done  flowering  the  leaves  begin  to  come  out. 
There  are  two  varielies^one  with  bright  green  leaves 
throughout,  and  one  with  fine  maroon-bronze  leaves, 
when  young ;  these  later  on  become  green.  The 
latter  variety  has  usually  bright  canary-yellow 
flowers,  which,  intermixed  with  the  newly-formed 
dark  bronze  foliage,  have  a  truly  grand  effect.  The 
green-leaved  variety  has  usually  flowers  of  a  paler 
yellow. 

The  Amiltas,  under  favourable  circumstances,  grows 
into  a  large  tree,  and  is  fine  under  all  conditions, 
with  a  round  outlme  and  drooping  leaves.  When  in 
full  biootn,  however,  it  is  one  of  the  sights  of  the 
Indian  flora.  I  have  seen  trees  commence  to  flower 
when  three  years  old,  and  though  maltreated  when 
young,  still  putting  forth  new  foliage  every  year 
after   winter's  rest.      It  is  not  easy  to   kill  it.      The 


148 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  31,  1886. 


pinnate    leaves    are    15    inches    or  more  in  length, 
with  five  or  more  pairs  of  leaflets,  the  smallest  pair 
being  at    the   base.     The    terminal  pair   is  often    7 
inches  long,  and  ^\  inches  broad.     The  upper  sur- 
face of  the  leaflets  is  dark  green,  and  prettily  veined  ; 
the  lower  surface  is  of  a   Fistachio-green.     The  in- 
florescence is  a  loose  drooping  raceeme,  I  foot  or  more 
in  length.     The  flowers  begin  to  open  at  the  base, 
three-quarters  of  the  raceme,  however,  is  open  at  one 
time.     The   peduncles    are    \\   inch   long,   and  the 
calyx  of  a  greenish-yellow.     The  corolla,   like  most 
of  the  Cassias,  consists  of  five  loose  petals.     The  pistil 
is  twine-like,  i  J  inch  long,  and  is  curved  downwards 
and    forwards,    like    a    sickle.      The    stamens    are 
very  curious ;  three  are  of  the  length  of  the  pistil, 
and  follow  its  curvature.     They  are  of  a  pale  yellow, 
with  burt'  anthers  ;  four  are  short  and  project  forwards, 
with  large  yellow  anthers  ;  two  are  still  shorter,  and  are 
curved  backwards  towards  their  insertion,   and  the 
tenth  or  vexillar  stamen  is  the  shortest.     The  latter 
three  have  very  small  or  abortive  anthers.     It  is  not 
improbable  that  the  three  long  stamens  may  have  a 
different    office     from    the    short    ones.       All    the 
stamens  are  soon  shed,  leaving  the  corolla  and  the 
hook-like  pistil.      The  latter,  if  fertilised,    becomes 
afterwards  a  straight  green  cylindrical  drooping  pod, 
I J  to  2  feet  long.     Eventually  it  turns  black  and  hard 
when  ripening.     In  winter  the  tree  displays  nothing 
but  these  pendent  straight  black  and  round  sticks. 
The  interior  of  the  pod  is  divided  by  septa,  between 
which  are  pretty  heart-shaped,   very  shiny,  rose-tan 
seeds.      The   septa   consist   of  a   brown   sweet  and 
sticky  pulp,  which,  under  the  name  of  Cassia  pulp, 
finds  a  place  among  cathartics,  both  in  the  British  aiid 
Indian    Pharmacoprcias.     This   pulp    gripes    awfully 
unless   protected  by  carminatives  and  sedatives.      I 
have  seen  a  native  writhe  and  groan  on  the  ground 
after   taking   an    Arailtas  cathartic   prescribed   by   a 
hakim.     The  size  to  which  this  tree  grows,  with  its 
fine  round  head  of  dense  drooping  foliage,  mark  it  out 
as  a  tree  well  suited  to  avenues,  but  probably  this  is 
the   reason   why   it   is  not   used   for   this    purpose  1 
An  avenue  of  Amiltas  in  bloom  would  be  worth  a 
trip  from  any  part  of  the  world  to  see.     Avenues  in 
India  are  usually  made  in  a  hurry-scurry  sort  of  way. 
The  Collector  probably  orders  the  tehsildar  to  look 
sharp  and  have  this  road  all  planted  by  the  time  the 
Commissioner   makes  his   tour   in   the   winter.     The 
tehsiUat     forthwith    collects    "  Neem,"    "  Tissoo," 
Mango,  "  Pepoul,"  Banyan,  and  anything  else  he  can 
lay  hands  on,   and  plants  the  new    avenue.     When 
these  grow  they  look  like  a  battalion  of  Sepoys  in 
some  native  states— some  with  slippers,  others  with 
top-boots;    some   with   a   red,   others  with   a  green 
turban ;  some  with  muskets,  others  with  matchlocks 
—in  short,  all  the  quaint  figurings  of  a  carnival. 

A  few  years  of  nursing  appropriate  trees  for  avenues, 
especially  in  stations,  might  make  them  worthy  of 
the  Arabian  Nights.  I  wonder  whether  this  tree  is 
grown  anywhere  under  glass  in  England.  It  is 
worthy  of  a  glass  dome  to  itself.  When  in  bloom  it 
would  be  a  rare  sight.  The  world  is  scoured  for  some 
rare  insignificant  Orchid,  and  special  houses  are  made 
for  these  quaint  plants,  and  here  is  a  tree  grown  from 
seed  with  the  greatest  ease,  and  which,  when  in 
flower,  no  Orchid  could  approach  for  splendour  and 
profusion  of  bloom,  and  is  thought  nothing  of.  When 
in  full  flower  it  is  a  perfect  cascade  of  canary-yellow 
spray.  Opposite  my  gate  is  an  Amiltas,  which 
flowers  in  the  beginning  of  July— two  months  after 
the  others.  E.  Bonavia,  M.U.,  Ela-wa/i,  May  7. 


TAXODIUM    DISTICHUM. 

An  enquiry  in  the  course  of  the  spring  for  male 
catkins  of  this  elegant  and  remarkable  tree,  brought 
us  not  exactly  what  was  asked  for,  but  some  growths 
which  are  so  peculiar  that  it  is  worth  putting  them  on 
record.  The  normal  shoot  with  the  bud  scales  at  the 
base,  and  with  the  growths  in  question,  are  shown  at 
the  top  of  the  illustration  (fig.  2S,)  of  the  natural 
size.  In  the  centre  are  shown  similar  growths,  nor- 
mal and  otherwise,  magnified.  On  closer  examina- 
tion it  seemed  as  if  the  ordinary  bud  scales  at  the 
base  of  the  shoot  had  become  thickened,  and  indeed 
in  some  cases  there  was  an  indication  of  the  presence 
of  seeds  at  the  base  of  some  of  these  scales  as  seen 
in  the  lower  right  hand  corner  of  the  illustration,  or 
more  probably  of  the  scale  upon  which  the  seeds  are 
borne.  In  some  cases  the  growth  of  the  shoot  is 
arrested  and  then  the  production  comes  to  look  like 


How  Honey  Cells  are  Filled,  —  Dr.  C. 
Spencer,  writing  to  the  Indiana  Farmer  as  to  how  a 
honey  cell  is  filled,  says  :— "  In  my_ observatory  one 
hive  was  built  against  the  glass,  and  that  afforded 
an  excellent  opportunity  of  seeing  how  bees  de- 
posit honey  in  the  cell.  First  a  bee  deposited 
a  thin  coating  of  honey  upon  the  base  of  the  cell, 
making  a  sort  of  varnish,  as  it  were,  to  the  base  of 
the  cell.  The  next  bee  that  came  with  honey  raised 
up  the  lower  edge  of  this  film  of  honey,  and  forced 
its  honey  beneath  j  the  next  did  the  same,  and  this 
film  acted  as  a  kind  of  diaphragm,  keeping  the  honey 
in  the  cell.  When  the  cell  is  lull  enough  to  be  sealed 
the  bees  commence  contracting  the  opening  with  wax 
until  they  have  only  a  small  hole  left  in  the  centre, 
when  they  appear  to  take  one  little  Hake  of  wax  and 
put  it  down  over  the  opening.  At  any  time  during 
the  process  of  filling  the  cell  the  honey  could  be  with- 
drawn with  a  hypodermic  syringe,  and  the  '  dia- 
phragm '  left  hanging  in  the  cell." 


was  also  considered  to  be  somewhat  sluggish  in  its 
work.  The  patentees  claim  that  these  doubtful 
points  in  the  old  boiler  have  been  overcome  in  the 
new  one.  A  feature  is  in  the  mud  or  sediment  col- 
lecting trough  with  removable  door  in  the  bottom 
part  of  boiler,  which  is  easily  accessible  for  cleaning 
out ;  the  door  can  be  taken  out  in  a  short  time,  and 
a  good-sized  scraper  inserted,  so  that  the  lower  half 
of  the  boiler  can  be  well  cleaned  ;  this  materially  adds 
to  the  durability  and  efiiciency  of  the  boiler,  for  in 
cases  of  bad  water  the  sediment  would  quickly  fill 
the  space  between  the  shells. 

Then  let  us  look  at  the  most  important  part— 
the  circulating  water-way  bridge,  the  value  of 
which  is  very  great  ;  in  the  old  style  of  boiler  the 
bridge  at  the  end  of  the  fire-bars  was  often  made  of 
a  cast-iron  plate  and  fire-bricks ;  these  bricks  in 
firing  were  frequently  pushed  away  and  fell  down  at 
the  back,  and  consequently  stopped  up  the  flue, 
causing  great  waste  of  fuel,  disappointment,  and 
expense,  the  bridge  having  frequently  to  be  renewed. 
In  the  new  boiler  the  bridge  is  stated  to  be  made  of  a 
special  metal,  and  is  connected  with  the  water  space 
in  the  bottom  and  also  at  the  top  part  of  the  boiler  ; 
the  flame  or  heat  is  made  to  pass  through  and  over 
the  bridge,  and  is  thereby  brought  in  full  contact  with 
the  plates  of  the  boiler,  and  a  much  greater  amount  of 
heat  is  obtained  from  the  fuel  used.  The  flame,  having 
passed  through  and  also  over  the  bridge,  comes  in  con- 
tact with  an  inclined  disc  or  deflector,  which  spreads 
the  flame  and  heat  immediately  it  has  done  its 
work  at  the  bridge.  It  is  here  collected  and  distri- 
buted again  on  the  boiler  plates,  where  it  is  of  the 
greatest  value.  Another  advantage  claimed  for  this 
inclined  disc  is,  that  in  cases  of  gaseous  or  green  coal 
being  used,  the  gases  must  be  ignited  between  the 
bridge  and  the  deflector,  and  consequently  the  con- 
sumption of  smoke  is  accomplished.  The  fire  in  the 
patent  arrangement  is  kept  quite  alive  at  the  back  or 
bridge  end,  whereas  in  the  old  boiler  it  was  always 
dead  from  the  fact  that  no  air  could  get  through  to 
support  combustion.  In  the  new  boiler,  however, 
the  air  is  able  to  get  through  the  back  of  the  fire  and 
through  the  lower  holes  in  the  bridge,  and  conse- 
quently the  fire  is  kept  alive.  In  addition  to  the 
foregoing  advantages  the  bridge  acts  as  a  stay  to  the 
flue,  which  is  the  weakest  part  of  the  boiler,  and  the 
general  circulation  is  made  thoroughly  good.  It 
must  be  obvious  that  this  patent  Trentham  boiler 
combines  a  number  of  important  advantages  com- 
pared with  the  old  form  of  Trentham,  and  we  are 
inclined  to  think  it  is  one  of  the  best  greenhouse 
boilers  of  which  we  know.  Mr.  Wallis,  of  Keele 
Hall  Gardens,  we  believe,  reports  favourably  of  it. 
The  boilers  are  constructed  of  a  superior  sort  of  steel, 
and  are  made  in  various  sizes  to  heat  from  450  feet  to 
7000  feet  of  4-inch  piping. 


Fig.  28.— TAXODIUM  dtstichum 


an  Artichoke  in  miniature,  while  in  others  the  shoot 
is  prolonged  as  shown  in  the  centre  of  the  illustration 
to  the  left  hand,  and  as  happens  in  proliferous  cones. 


TRENTHAM  GREENHOUSE 
BOILER. 
The  accompanying  cut  (fig.  29,  p.  149)  illustrates 
Silvester's  patent  Trentham  greenhouse  boiler.  It 
would  appear  that  this  boiler  is  very  different  from, 
and  an  improvement  on,  the  older  form  ;  there  can 
be  no  doubt  but  the  new  features  are  distinct,  and 
and  must  increase  the  economy  and  efiiciency  of 
this  class  of  boiler.  The  patentees,  Messrs.  F.  Sil- 
vester &  Co.,  Newcastle,  Staffordshire,  were  the 
makers  of  the  original  Trentham  boiler,  and  from 
experience  have  ascertained  the  weak  points  and 
shortcomings  of  the  original  Trentham  boiler,  the 
general  opinion  of  which  was  that  it  was  one  of  the 
best  and  most  reliable  boilers  then  existing  for  heating 
large  quantities  of  piping ;  but  opinions  differed  as  to 
it  being  economical  in  the  consumption  of  fuel ;  it 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Aristolochia  elegans.  Garden,  June  19. 

Caraguata  Andreana. — Bromeliace a:.  Leaves 
recurved,  tripled,  spineless  ;  flowers  yellow,  spicate. 
New  Granada.     Revue  Horticole,  June  16, 

Cattleya  Lawrenceana,  Revue  de  t FTorticul- 
lure  Beige,  July,  l8S6  j  and  Lindenia,  t.  44. 

Daphne  mezereum.  — White-  flowered  and  double- 
flowered  varieties.     Garden,  June  26. 

Dendrobium  thyrsiflorum,  Lindenia,  t.  46. 

Drac/ena  Madame  Lucien  Linden,  Illustration 
Horticole,  t.  597. — A  beautiful  variety  with  dark 
green  leaves  variously  striped  and  blotched  with  car- 
mine, some  leaves  being  almost  entirely  carmine. 

Fagus  silvatica  ATRoruRrUREA  tricolor  (!), 
Revue  de  F Horticulture  Beige,  luly  i. 

LiLIUM  Parrvi,  Illustration  Horticole,  t.  595. — 
Flowers  funnel-shaped,  about  four  inches  long,  with 
reflexed  segments  almost  as  long  as  the  tube  ;  yellow 
spotted  with  reddish-brown.     South  California. 

LiLiUM  SUPERBUM,  Garden,  July  3. 

Odontoglossum  Ruckerianum,  Lindenia,  t. 
41. 

Pandanus  ?  Kerchovei,  Illustration  Horticole,  t. 
600. — A  species  that  is  at  present  only  known  by  its 
elegant  foliage.  The  leaves  are  long,  linear,  chan- 
nelled in  the  centre,  and  toothed  at  the  margins. 
Admiralty  Islands. 

Sagenia  mamillosa.  Illustration  Horticole,  t. 
598. — A  stove  Fern.  The  younger  barren  fronds 
single,  oblong,  lanceolate  ;  fertile  fronds,  pinnate- 
lobed,  2  feet  long,  the  sori  immersed  in  cavities  on 
the  under  surface  ;  upper  surface  with  numerous 
dome-like  prominences  corresponding  to  the  depres- 
sions on  the  lowe:,  surface.     Molucca  Islands. 


July  31,  iSS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


149 


j40ME     ■pOF(F}E3PONDENCE. 


Rubbish  Heaps  and  Lime.  —  Perhaps  Mr, 
Webster,  your  excellent  correspondent,  will  pardon 
me  for  calling  his  attention  to  what  is  probably  a  slip 
of  the  pen.  In  his  paragraph  on  "  Nursery  Work  " 
(p.  78)  he  recommends  occasional  turning  of  rubbish 
heaps  as  a  means  of  increasing  fermentation,  and  he 
adds,  "  to  hasten  and  insure  this  the  admixture  of  a 
small  quantity  of  lime  is  to  be  highly  recommended." 
If  he  means  that  the  lime  is  to  destroy  the  germinating 
property  of  the  Uredo  I  quite  agree  with  him,  but  if 
the  lime  is  to  aid  and  assist  fermentation  I  entirely 
disagree  with  the  doctrine.  Lime,  as  1  understand 
its  action,  prevents  rather  than  assists  fermentation.  Z. 

Strawberry  Growing  at  Mereworth  Castle. 
— Any  gardener  who  has  seen  the  shelves  of  Straw- 
berries  in  the  forcing-houses  at  Mereworth  Castle 
Gardens,  Maidstone,  during  the  months  of  April, 
May,  and  the  first  few  weeks  in  June  last,  must  have 
gone  away  with  the  impression  that  they  were  worth 
going  a  long  way  to  see,  and  that  Mr.  Herbert  Mark- 
ham,  Lord  Falmouth's  energetic  and  good  all-round 
gardener,  was  to  be  complimented  upon  his  success  in 
producing  such  heavy  crops  of  large,  well-coloured,  and 


it  is  often  found  in  the  wild  state  in  a  cool  and  moist 
situation,  and  probably  a  similar  one  suits  it  best 
under  cultivation.    IV.  H.  Divers,  Ketton  Hall. 

Carpenteria  californica  (p.  115).— There  can  be 
no  doubt  of  the  perfect  hardiness  of  this  fine  shrub. 
I  have  two  good  plants  of  it  under  a  south  wall,  and 
watched  them  with  much  anxiety  during  the  winter, 
but  gave  them  no  protection  whatever.  Not  a  leaf 
was  the  least  injured,  and  I  have  since  had  plenty  of 
flowers,  which  seem  likely  to  ripen  plenty  of  seed. 
Cuttings  put  in  now  strike  readily.  Henry  N,  Ella- 
cof/ilie,  Billon  I'icaia^e. 

This  new  hardy  shrub  is  now  flowering  for  the 

first  time  in  Ireland.  The  plants  now  flowering  were 
planted  out  in  an  exposed  situation,  and  withstood 
the  severe  fijsts  of  last  winter  without  any  pro- 
tection. We  have  others  planted  against  a  wall 
in  a  sheltered  situation  two  years  previously,  and  so 
far  they  have  refuied  to  give  any  bloom.  It  is  a 
native  of  Sierra  Nevada.  Jio.lger  McClelland  &'  Co. , 
Neivry,  Ireland.  [It  was  first  flowered  by  Miss 
Jekyll.  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  24,  fig.  113, 
at  pp.  113  and  115.  Ed.] 

Carnations  and  Picotees  at  Slough, — It  the 
fine  head  of  bloom  now  to  be  seen  at  the  Royal 
Nursery,  Slough,  may  be  taken  as  an  indication  of 
the  general  quality  ot  bloom  this  season,  then  a  very 


(Dodwell),  Scarlet  Keet  (Dodwell),  and  Bailey  Junior 
(Djdwell),  Rose  flakes  :  Lady  Gardener  (Ely),  a 
good  old  flower  ;  Lord  Chelmsford  (Ware),  Miss 
Erskine  Wemyss  (Dodwell),  James  Flowdy  (Flowdy), 
Rob  Roy  (Gorton),  Stapleford  Hero,  Mrs.  Matthews 
(Dodwell),  extra  fine  ;  Mrs,  Tomes  (Dodwell),  Sybil 
(Holmes),  John  Keet  (Whitehead),  and  William 
Newman.  The  fancy  varieties,  many  of  them  of 
great  beauty,  are  late  in  flowering  and  will  be  seen  to 
great  advantage  shortly.  Of  Picotees  there  is  a  fine 
collection  in  bloom,  as  might  be  expected,  as,  like  the 
Carnation  it  is  a  flower  largely  grown  at  Slough.  Of 
red-edged  varieties  there  are  Blanche  (Dodwell), 
good  petal  and  substance,  and  medium  edge  ; 
Princess  of  Wales  (Fellowes),  heavy  edge  ;  Dr.  Epps, 
heavy  edge ;  and  William  Summers  (Simonite), 
very  fine.  Purple  edged  :  Norfolk  Beauty  (Fel- 
bwes),  heavy,  very  bright;  Her  Majesty  (Addis), 
large  and  full  flowers,  light  edge  ;  Princess  Dagmar 
heavy  ;  and  Clara  Penson  (Willraer),  a  light  edge 
flower  of  great  breadth  and  substance  of  petal.  Rose 
edged  :  Duchess  (Fellowes),  heavy  edge,  full  and  bold 
flowers,  but  apt  to  bar;  Maud  (Fellowes),  new,  fine 
petal,  with  very  bright  medium  rose  edge — very  pretty, 
full,  good  substance;  Orlando  (Fellowe.s),  new 
heavy  rose,  large,  full  flowers,  good  petal,  plenty  of 
stuft,  and  a  good  grower  ;  Evelyn  (Fellowes),  line 
petal  ;  Louisa  (Addis),  heavy  rose,  a  flower  which  at 
times  comes  very  good  indeed  ;  Miss  Horner  (Lord), 


Fig.  29.— Silvester's  improved  trentham  boiler,     (see  p.  148  ) 


luscious  fruits,  the  average  weight  of  which  was  about 
twelve  to  the  pound.  Mr.  Markham  layers  his  run- 
ners as  soon  as  they  can  be  bad  into  the  fruiting- 
pots,  using  rich  loam,  which  is  rammed  firmly  into 
properly  crocked  pots  for  the  purpose,  and  during 
the  interval,  from  the  time  the  layered  plants  have 
taken  to  the  soil  until  they  have  completed  their 
growth  in  September,  they  are  kept  liberally  supplied 
with  liquid  manure  at  the  roots,  the  same  stimulating 
food  being  applied  in  the  same  direction  from  the 
time  the  plants  have  set  their  fruits  until  the  latter 
begins  to  colour,  when  only  clean  water  is  given  at 
the  roots.  Each  plant  is  allowed  to  ripen  from  nine  to 
fifteen  fruits,  and  as  ripe  Strawberries  are  not  required 
at  Mereworth  before  April,  Sir  Charles  Napier,  Sir  J. 
Paxton,  and  British  Queen,  are  the  varieties  chiefly 
grown  ;  the  crops  of  Grapes,  especially  those  on  the 
pot-Vines,  having  berries  as  large  as  Walnuts. 
Peaches  and  Melons  are  also  deserving  of  passing 
notice.    Visilor, 

Epilobium  angustifolium.— Among  the  great 
number  o(  good  things  to  be  seen  at  Chatsworth  at 
the  present  time  this  is  remarkable  as  a  beautiful 
hardy  flower,  within  the  reach  of  every  one,  and  pro- 
bably growing  wild  in  the  neighbourhood  of  many 
places  ;  but  often  in  its  wild  state  it  is,  comparatively 
speaking,  insignificant.  To  see  it  in  full  beauty  it 
should  be  cultivated  in  a  position  similar  to  that  in 
which  Mr.  Thomas  has  it,  viz.,  a  shrubbery  border, 
where  it  can  get  well  established  in  a  good  mass 
without  being  disturbed,  and  where  there  is  no  danger 
uf  its  overgrowing  any  choice  plants.     I  have  noticed 


fine  exhibition  of  these  favourite  flowers  may  be  con- 
fidently looked  for  at  the  several  Carnation  shows. 
There  are  about  2600  pots  of  Carnations  and  Picotees 
at  Slough,  and  they  are  now  arranged  in  various  houses 
where  they  can  be  seen  to  the  best  advantage  ;  the 
flowers,  though  young  when  seen,  were  rapidly  de- 
veloping into  fine  blooms  ;  the  "  grass,"  as  the  foliage 
is  termed,  is  healthy,  free,  and  clean,  and  the  variety 
great.  Of  Carnations  the  following  can  now  be  seen 
to  great  advantage  :  — Scarlet  bizarres  :  Robert  Lord 
(Dodwell),  James  Mcintosh  (Dodwell),  Master  Stanley 
(Dodwell),  Lord  Napier  (Taylor),  Charles  Turner 
(Dodwell),  and  Arthur  Medhurst  (Dodwell).  Crimson 
bizarres  :  Rifleman  (Wood),  Harrison  Weir  (Dodwell), 
Crimson  Banner  (Simonite),  E,  S,  Dodwell  (Hewitt), 
Mrs.  Maclaren  (Fitch),  a  variety  that  is  classed 
among  the  Tree  Carnations,  but  is  just  now  putting 
forth  some  fine  flowers  ;  it  also  sports  into  several 
types  of  a  fancy  character,  and  so  is  full  of  interest  ; 
and  Master  Fred  (Hewitt).  Pink  and  purple 
bizarres:  James  Taylor  (Gibbons),  Twyford  Per- 
fection (Young),  Sir  Garnet  Wolseley  (Hewitt), 
Old  Sarah  Payne  (Wood),  Squire'  Llewellyn 
(Dodwell),  Falconbridge  (May),  an  old  but  still 
good  variety  ;  Princess  Beatrice  (Bardsley),  and  Joe 
Bagstock  (Dodwell).  Purple  flakes  :  Sporting  Lass 
(Flowdy),  Juno  (Baildon),  James  Douglas  (Simonite), 
Mayor  of  Nottingham  (Taylor),  Mrs.  Suthern,  a 
flower  of  fine  substance  and  marking  ;  and  Florence 
Nightingale.  Scarlet  flakes  :  Royal  Scarlet  (Puxley), 
Figaro  (Abercromby),  John  Bayley,  an  old  but  still 
useful  flower ;  Dan  Godfrey  (Holmes),  John  Ball 
(Dodwell),    Jupiter    (Abercromby),    Henry   Cannell 


a  heavy  rose,  of  excellent  quality  ;  and  Favourite 
(Liddington),  a  lovely  light  flower  of  great  refinement. 
As  far  as  information  has  come  to  hand  the  promise 
of  bloom  IS  good  all  round,  but  late  in  the  more 
northern  localities.  Lovers  of  the  Carnation  and 
Picotee  in  the  southern  districts  should  see  their 
favourite  flowers  in  great  form  at  Oxford  on  the  3d 
proximo,   R.  D. 

Phyteuma  comosum.— The  successful  cultiva- 
tion of  this  plant  on  rockeries  is  not  very  easy.  I 
have  proceeded  as  follows  :  — I  obtained  a  plant  four 
years  ago  from  Messrs.  Froebel.  By  the  advice  of 
Mr.  Loder,  I  put  it  between  two  flat  bits  of  limestone 
and  added  a  mere  sprinkling  of  peat  soil.  I  then  tied 
the  stones  together  and  hammered  them  into  a  crevice 
on  the  south  face  of  a  rockery  where  the  roots  could 
find  no  soil.  In  1SS4,  it  produced  four  flowers  ;  in 
1SS5  only  two  or  three  leaves,  and  no  flowers  ;  and 
this  year,  about  the  end  of  June,  six  very  fine 
flowers.  In  fact,  it  might  have  sat  for  the  portrait 
which  is  given  on  p.  Si.  C.  IVolley  Dod,  London 
yuly  17. 

Flowering  Shrubs  from  Ireland,  —  I  send 
herewith  flowering  specimens  of  both  kinds  of  Des- 
fontanea  spinosa,  the  one  with  incipient  seed-pods 
being  the  ordinary  one  (which  will  not  do  well  with 
me,  though  now  in  great  beauty  and  abundant  bloom 
at  my  next-door  neighbour's  garden,  from  whose 
plant  this  specimen  comes),  the  other  being  the  much 
less  known  D,  spinosa  Hookeri,  which  is  now  in  full 
and  most  abundant  bloom  with  me ;  also  two  pretty 


ISO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


IJULY   31,    1886. 


pink  Spirreas,  The  smaller  specimen,  S.  bumalda, 
with  evil  smell.  I  want  to  know  if  the  other,  wiih 
smaller  flower-:,  is  correctly  named  S.  callosa.  W.  E. 
(JumUclon.  [Yes,  ICl).] 

Stephanotis  Fruit. — I  enclose  herein  the  com- 
panion fruit  to  the  one  fii^ured  in  the  Gardiucn^ 
Chionicle  3.\.  p.  S17,  Dec.  26,  18S5.  It  is  now  ripe, 
and  has  taken  over  twelve  months  to  develope.  Vuu 
wiil  oh.serve  that  some  of  the  seeds  have  germinated 
within  the  frait.  Is  not  this  a  remarkable  circumstance  ? 
This  specimen  came  from  Messrs.  Luconibe,  Pince  & 
Co.'s  nursery.    W.  Nappey,  Alphington  Cross, 

Campanula  Raineri. — There  is  quite  a  display 
of  thi-i  rare  Eastern  species  of  Harebell  to  be  seen  in 
the  York  collection.  The  plants  are  growing  in 
large  60. pots,  and  are  well  covered  by  their  large, 
bluibh-purple  flowers ;  the  blossoms  are  borne 
solitary,  on  stalks  only,  from  i  to  2  inches  high, 
while  the  flowers  are  about  as  large  as  those  of  C. 
tuibinata.  It  is  a  subject  worthy  to  be  associated 
with  the  most  choice  of  rock  plants.    1'. 

Siam  Ginger. — Amongst  the  collection  of  fruits, 
&c. ,  shown  by  the  Siam  Commission  at  the  Inter- 
national Health  Exhibition,  held  at  South  Kensing- 
ton in  l!iS4,  were  some  roots  labelled  "  Ginger." 
These  were  obtained  lor  the  Kew  Museum,  but  one 
of  them  being  alive  was  planted  to  grow,  and  it  is 
now  bearing  stems  5  feet  high,  and  is  in  flower.  On 
comparing  it  with  the  drawings  and  specimens  in  the 
herbarium,  Mr.  Baker  has  identified  it  with  a  speci- 
men labelled  "Alpinia  sp.,  Bangkok,"  which  was 
collected  by  Sir  R.  Schomburgk  in  1S64,  and  which 
is  very  near  to  A.  allughas,  also  a  native  of  Siam, 
where,  according  to  Schomburgk,  it  is  cultivated  for 
its  Cardamomum-like  fruits,  and  is  known  as  Luk- 
ReUt  or  Bastard  Cardamom.  Under  the  name  of 
Galangal,  A.  ofticinarum,  a  Chinese  species,  is  culti- 
va'ed  for  the  sake  of  its  aromatic  rh  z>raep,  and  this 
unnamed  species  now  in  flower  at  Kew  is  apparently 
largely  cultivated  by  the' Siamese  as  a  substitute  for 
Ginger.  The  rhizome  is  very  thick,  slightly  flattened, 
and  not  so  freely  branched  as  in  common  Ginger ;  it 
has  the  pungent  aromatic  properties  of  Ginger,  so  far 
at  least  as  could  be  told  by  tasting  it.  There  is  some 
iea<oa  for  believing  that  the  Chinese  Ginger  of 
commerce  is  not  obtained  from  Zingiber  officinale, 
the  source  of  Jamaica  Ginger,  but  from  a  species  of 
Alpinia,  and  possitdy  this  unnamed  one  at  Kew. 
Plants  of  true  Chinese  Ginger  are  now  growing  at 
Kew,  and  these  may  soon  flower  ;  at  present  they 
have  the  same  habit,  broad  leaf  and  rhizome,  of  the 
Siam  plan*.  In  Zingiber  officinale  the  inflorescence 
is  borne  on  a  separate  short  stem  without  leaves,  the 
barren  stems  being  about  3  feet  high,  and  clothed 
with  narrow  spear-shaped  foliage  ;  in  Alpinia  the 
flowers  are  borne  in  panicles  on  the  ends  of  the  stout 
leaf-stems,  the  well-known  A.  natans  and  the  newer 
A.  mutica,  both  beautiful  garden  plants,  being  familiar 
examples.  IV,   ll'alson,  A'e~i'. 

Ripe  Mistleto  Berries  in  July.— Your  cor- 
respondent from  Southampton  seems  to  think  we 
in  the  north  of  Scotland  are  lacking  in  the  powers 
of  discernment,  but  I  may  respectfully  inform  him 
that  in  regard  to  the  above  subject  such  was  not  the 
case.  Mr.  Webster,  the  worthy  and  respected  gar- 
dener at  Gordon  Castle,  was  perfectly  aware  of  the 
fact  that  the  berries  were  the  produce  of  last  year, 
but  that  did  not  hinder  him  from  thinking  that  the 
circumstance  was  so  unusual  in  our  northern  climate 
as  to  allow  a  gentleman  who  called  upon  him  to  send 
a  spray  to  the  Gauleiters'  Chronicle.  If  I  might  be 
allowed  to  direct  the  attention  of  your  correspondent 
to  a  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  held 
on  July  13— a  notice  of  which  appeared  in  your  paper 
of  the  I7ih — ripe  Mistleto  berries  were  considered 
so  unusual  even  in  the  South  as  to  bring  forward  a 
spray  of  it  by  Dr.  Masters  for  exhibition.  J.  L., 
Gkn  Grant, 

Flowering  of  Arundinaria.— Mention  has  been 
made  in  your  columns  of  the  simultaneous  flowering 
of  Arundinaria  gracilis,  in  the  south  of  France  and 
at  Paris  ;  but  there  is,  I  think,  a  circumstance  which 
merits  particular  attention  on  account  of  the  special 
consequences  which  appear  to  result  from  it.  Arun- 
dinaria gracilis  is  said  to  have  flowered  simultane- 
ously at  H>6res,  Paris,  Brest  and  Cherbourg.  At 
Paris,  in  the  Museum  d'Histoire  Naturelle,  the 
flowering  is  recorded  in  three  situations  :  — 1st,  in  a 
cold  house  [pavilion  cam') ;  2d,  in  the  Botanic 
Garden,  (herbaceous  ground) ;  3d,  in  a  special 
enclosure  called  the  "  can;'  Brongniart."  In 
the  third  case  the  plant  (in  tufts)  is  left  entirely  to 
itself  without  any  sort  of  cultivation,  and  without  any 
shelter,  in  the  midst  of,  and  in  spite  of  the  grass  and 
weeds  which  encroach  on  it.  The  leaves  ate  ill- 
developed  from  the  unfavourable  circumstances. 
On  the  flowering  growths  there  is  a  tendency  to 
become  variegated.  The  fact  to  which  I  wish  to 
draw  attention  is  this— the  flowering  has  taken  place 


in  plants  of  very  different  degrees  of  vigour,  foliage, 
and  stature.  In  the  conservatory  the  Arundinaria  is 
5  to  6  metres  in  height,  and  even  more.  In  the  open 
air  it  is  2  metres.  At  the  Garden  of  Acclimatisation  of 
Paris  the  plants  were  of  moderate  height.  What 
seems  to  have  regulated  its  flowering  is  something 
more  than  the  force  and  energy  of  vegetation.  It 
seems  that  it  is  due  chiefly  to  alternation  of  growth 
and  rest.  This  alone  has  been  common  to  all  the 
plants  under  all  conditions,  the  conditions  very  prob- 
ably of  the  same  age,  from  the  same  lot  of  seeds,  t  r 
derived  from  the  divisions  of  one  original  plant  A 
great  deal  has  been  said  about  the  cause  which  has  de- 
termined the  rapid  fruiting  in  the  method  c\\\^f^  proci'iL' 
Toiirasse,  and  which  is  due  to  a  clever  horticulturist  in 
the  environs  of  Pau  (lower  Pyrenees).  This  process 
consists  of  freezing  several  times  a  year  the  young 
seedlings  and  the  young  plants  from  them.  By  this 
means  the  fruiting  of  Pears  and  Apples  is  secured  in 
five  or  six  years  instead  of  fifteen  or  twenty.  By  this 
means  the  alternations  of  rest  and  activity  are  mul- 
tiplied, and  it  is  perhaps  by  the  influence  of  this 
alternation  that  the  adolescence  and  maturing  of  a 
tree  is  hastened.   !tlax  Cornu,  Paris, 


"^ 


'uini%%. 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAr,  SOCETY, 
and  NATIONAL  CARNATION  and 
PICOTEE   SOCIETY:  Tuesday,  July  27. 

This  meeting  in  the  conservatory  at  Sou' h  Ken- 
sington was  partly  competitive  in  so  far  as  concerned 
the  Carnations  and  Picotees,  and  the  Cabbages, 
Peas,  Beans,  and  Lettuces  that  were  shown  by 
numerous  growers  for  the  special  prizes  oft'ered  by 
several  large  seed  firms.  There  was,  therefore, 
enough  to  satisfy  a  variety  of  tastes,  and  the  har-ly 
flowers  of  Messrs.  Barr  &  Son  and  T.  Ware,  who 
still  keep  up  a  great  bank  of  cut  blooms  on  the  mrth 
side  of  the  building,  contributed  not  a  little  in  making 
a  display  of  colour  that  was  quite  needed. 

Scientific  Committee. 

Present  :  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters  in  the  chair  ;  and  Mr. 
Pascoe,  Professor  Boulser,  Mr.  Wotthincton  G. 
Smith,  Mr.  Wilson,  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  Rev.  G.  Hen- 
slow,  Hon.  Sec. 

SKLEiMPiDIUM,    UkOPEDIUM,      AND    CvPKIfEDtU.M 

Observations  were  made  upon  these  forms,  that 
while  the  first  and  the  last  differ  very  slightly  in 
morphological  characters,  having  one  and  three-celled 
ovaries  respectively,  yet,  as  Mr.  O'Brien  observed, 
they  refuse  to  cross,  though  Selenipediums  cross 
realily,  as  do  also  Cyptipediums,  with  one  another. 
Uropedium  is  a  peloric  variety  of  Selenipedium — 
showing  a  natural  tendency  to  a  reversion  to  a  regular 
and  more  ancestral  form. 

Cyprii'Edium  superbiens  (Veitchi). 
Dr.  Masters  exhibited  from  Mr.  Henrv  James,  of 
Lower  Norwood,  a  blossom  having  two  labella ; 
another  from  the  same  plant  had  one  within  the  other. 
In  the  former  (l)eing  side  by  side)  it  was  an  additional 
petal  to  the  ordinary  number,  the  true  median  lip, 
however,  being  absent,  but  in  the  latter  case  the  inner 
labellura  represented  an  anterior  stamen. 

Cattleya  Loddigesi. 

Dr.  Masters  remarked  on  the   specimen   shown    at 

the  last  meeting,  which  he  had  examined,  and  which 

proved  to  have  two  sepals,  two  petals,  one  stamen, 

and  no  pistil  ;  hence  it  was  a   flower  which  had   de- 

to  a  dimerous  condition. 


LiLIlIM    LANCIFOLIUM   SPECIOSUM, 

Mr.  O'Brien  exhibited  a  plant  which  had  been 
grown  solely  in  moss  for  two  years,  with  only  a  slight 
quantity  of  Clay's  fertiliser  added  when  the  bulbs  be- 
gan to  sprout.  He  remarked  on  the  importance  of 
potting  fresh  imported  bulbs  in  some  porous  maleiial, 
such  as  cocoa-nut  fibre,  &c. ,  and  of  avoiding  burying 
them  in  the  ground,  in  order  that  there  might  be  a 
free  circulation  of  air  about  the  bulb.  The  common 
practice  of  planting  in  the  ground  often  caused  the 
bulbs  to  disappear  entirely.  The  interpretation  of 
the  advice  seemed  to  be  the  same  as  for  seeds — 
that  if  planted  too  deeply,  or  so  that  air  could  not 
reach  them  to  set  up  respiration,  they  would  perish 
from  asphyxia  and  rot. 

Grapes  with  Oidium  Tijckeri. 
Mr.  Plowright  forwarded  specimens  attacked  by 
this  fungus,  now  known  to  be  Erysiphe  communis, 
on  the  stalks,  the  Grapes  themselves  having  some 
peculiar  dendritic  spots  of  a  dark  colour.  There  did 
not  appear  to  be  any  mycelium.  The  dark  lines, 
less  than  a  quarter  of  an  inch,  are  formed  by  reddish- 


brown  discolorations  of  the  epidermal  tissue.  They 
were  generally  considered  by  the  committee  not  to  be 
fungoid,  but  only  natural  changes  of  the  character  of 
the  epidermis  on  ripening, 

Nematoid  Worms  in  Cereals. 

Mr.  Worthington  G.  Smith  exhibited  specimens  of 
cereals  from  Midlothian,  the  rjols  of  which  were 
attacked  by  Heterodera  radicola.  It  was  called  Tulip 
root,  Thick-root,  and  Segging  in  Oats,  in  Scotland  ; 
and  appeared  to  be  widely  spread,  all  crops  being 
totally  destroyed  on  damp  clay  soils  for  several  years. 
0.1  stony  soils  the  crops  were  not  so  severely  attacked. 
Lari.x  GRiFriTHi  with  Co.nes. 

Dr.  M,  T,  Masters  exhibited  a  branch  bearing 
several  cones.  They  were  from  3  to  4  inches  long, 
of  a  rich  purple  colour,  while  the  pointed  bracts 
behind  each  scale  were  of  a  golden-brown.  It  was 
received  from  Mr.  Nanscawen,  gr.  to  Mr.  Trelawney 
CuMrinick,  Cornwall.  It  was  believed  to  be  the  first 
instance  of  this  Himalayan  species  of  Larch  to  have 
borne  cones  in  this  country.  He  observed  that  the 
leaves  were  readdy  distinguished  from  those  of  the 
Lirix  europ.-ca  by  having  stomata  on  the  lower  side 
only,  while  those  of  the  common  Larch  are  on  both 
sides. 

Clematis  "Pkoteus,"  Double  and  Single. 

Mr.  Noble  sent  an  illustration  of  this  Clematis, 
which  is  remarkable  for  always  bearing  double 
flowers  at  the  first  flowering  season,  but  later  in  ife 
autumn  only  single  flowers.  It  illustrated  conditions 
of  a  temporary  exhaustion  in  the  plant,  which  is 
characteristic  of  this  variety,  but  not  of  other  forms  of 
Clematis, 

Clematis  viticella  rubra  grandiflora  sub- 
vieescens  (!). 
Mr.  Noble  also  forwarded  sprays  of  this  plant  with 
semi-fohaceous  sepal-,  they  being  usually  of  a  deep 
crimson  ;  the  green  foliaceous  character  commenced 
at  the  apex  of  the  sepal  and  more  or  less  descended 
to  the  base. 

Achillea  Millefoliu.m,  Dimorphism  in. 
Rev.  G.  Henslow  called  attention  to  the  hilher'o 
unobserved  fact  of  this  plant  being  gyno-diceoious. 
The  heads  are  very  distinct  when  in  blossom,  as  in 
the  hermaphrodite  flowers  the  yellow  anthers  whrn 
shedding  their  pollen  protrude  from  the  corolla, 
though  lh:y  become  withdrawn  later  on  through  the 
contraction  of  the  filaments.  This  form  has  been 
carefully  descriieJ  by  H.  Miiller  [Pert,  of  Plowets,  pp. 
325  6),  but  he  does  not  appear  to  have  noticed  the 
female  form.  In  the  first  stage  of  blossoming  of  this 
kind  the  long  style  arms  of  the  ray  florets  are  very 
conspicuous,  but  later,  when  they  shrivel,  those  of  1!  e 
disc  florsts  rise  up,  but  are  of  the  same  form  as  in 
the  corresponding  florets  of  the  hermaphrodite  flowers, 
being  provided  with  the  terminal  brushes,  the  papiloe 
of  which,  however,  seem  to  be  less  prominent.  The 
anthers  of  the  female  are  abortive  and  contain  no 
pollen,  and  are  often  scarcely  coherent.  Another 
feature  is  the  frequent  reduction  of  petals  and  stamens 
in  number  to  fours  and  threes  in  the  female  flowers  ; 
and,  lastly,  there  is  a  slight  difference  in  the  length  of 
the  ovaries,  that  of  the  female  being  a  trifle  longer  a  .d 
the  tube  of  the  corresponding  a  little  shorter  than 
in  the  hermaphrodite  flowers. 

Strawberry  with  Foliaceous  Epicaly.x. 
Mr.  Henslow  exhibited  a  specimen  in  which  each 
of  the  divibionj  of  the  epicalyx  consisted  of  a  three- 
lobed  leaflet.  They  are  ordinary  bract-like,  or  some- 
times cleft  at  the  apex,  which  has  given  rise  to  the 
theory  that  they  represent  pairs  of  coherent  stipules. 
The  present  example  would  seem  to  point  to  their 
being  a  whorl  of  true  leaves  in  their  primitive  con- 
dition, and  before  separation  into  three  leaflets  to  form 
the  usual  compound  leaf. 


Floral  Committee. 

Present  :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq,,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  J.  Hudson.  J.  Dominy.  H.  M,  Pollett,  A,  F. 
Lendy,  J,  O'Brien,  E,  Hill,  C,  Noble,  W.  Holmes,  H. 
Iletbst,  W.  Bealby,  W.  Wilks,  Amos  Perry,  H.  Bur- 
nett,  T.  Baines,  H.  Cannnell,  W.  B.  Kellock, 
G.  DuflSeld,  J.  Walker,  H.  Ballaniine,  H.  Turner, 
Shirley  Hibberd,  M.  T.  Masters,  and  K.  Dean. 

Several  new  plants  appeared  from  the  Veitchian  estab- 
lishment at  Chelsea,  in  Rhododendron  balsamiflorurn 
(Rajah),  which,  it  was  stated,  was  raised  from  the  same 
pod  of  seed  that  had  given  double-flowered  varieties  of 
yellow,  while,  and  pink  colours.  In  this  rich-coloured 
orange  and  yellow  flower  the  inner  row  of  petals  are 
very  much  inferior  in  size  to  the  lower  ones,  and  the 
whole  flower  is  very  unlike  in  form  any  other  of  the 
greenhouse  section,  being  widely  expanded  and  the  tube 
shortened.  Todea  grandipinnula,  a  Fern  raised  at 
Chelsea  spontaneously — at  least,  its  origin  is  not  ascer- 
tained, f)Ut  is  supposed  to  be  x  T.  "Fraseri  and  T. 
hymenophylloides  ;  see  Ganicjicrs'  Chronicle,  June  12, 
this  year,  p.  7^2,  where  it  is  fully  described  by  Mr.  T. 


July  31,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


151 


Moore.  The  plant  as  se^n  is  very  pretty,  and  quite 
biars  out  the  publislied  description.  A  Calddlum  named 
Charlemagne  c.ime  also  from  Chelsea  ;  it  had  reddish 
foliage. 

Mr.  Jannoch,  Lily  Nursery,  Dersinghani.  Norfolk, 
showed  Adianlum  Capillus-veneris  var.  grande  (Moore), 
described  in  the  G.irdetiers'  Chronicle  for  July  24  last. 
It  is  a  handsome  addition  to  the  genus,  is  of  larger 
growth,  and  more  graceful  in  habit  than  A.  capillus- 
veneris,  and  capable  of  cultivation  in  a  cool-house,  as 
that  is. 

R.  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  Cambridge  Lodge,  Camber- 
well,  showed  Oncidium  stelligerum  Ernesli,  a  pretty 
variety,  bearing  eight  flowers  on  a  spike,  the  sepals  and 
petals  of  primrose-yellow,  blotched  with  brown,  the  lip 
dull  pink  in  the  lower  part,  and  pure  white  in  the  upper 
half;  the  flower  would  measure  about  2V  inches  in 
width. 

W.  Lee.  Esq  .  Downside.  Leatherhead,  (gr..  Mr.  C. 
Wojlford),  showed  several  flower-spikes  of  L^elij.  elegans 
Turneri,  showingjather  rich  bizarre  colouring,  the  lip 
being  of  a  deep  shade  of  purple  that  goes  some  distance 
into  the  throat  ;  the  sep.ds  and  petals  are  dull  purple. 
There  were  nine  flowers  on  a  spike. 

C.  G.  Hill.  E.q..  Arnot  Hill,  Notts  (gr..  Mr.  Daven- 
port), showed  CatUeva  gigas  var.  wiih  a  beautiful  lip 
of  purple,  throat  suffused  and  stained  with  gold  nor- 
mally, and  convoluted  petaL  and  sepals  measured 
7  inches  across.  Caltleya  gigas.  Hill's  var.,  was  con- 
sidered worthy  of  being  distinguished  by  a  Certificate. 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  purplish-rose,  with  faint 
niottlings  of  while,  the  lip  much  frilled,  and  divided  in 
the  middle  into  equal  lobes,  the  colour  being  of  a  rich 
sh.ide  of  purple  ;  yellow  stripes  descend  to  the  bottom 
of  the  throat.     It  is  a  handsome  variety. 

Baron  Schroeder,  The  D,;ll.  Egham  (gr  ,  Mr.  BiUan- 
tine),  showed  a  beautilul  spike  of  Cypripedium  Mor- 
gan:e  bearing  three  fully  opened  flowers  and  one  bud. 

Mr.  Robert  Owen,  nurserynun,  Boyne  Hill,  Maiden- 
head, showed  a  quintityof  single  and  double  flowered 
tuberous  Begonia  blooms,  likewise  several  new  varieties 
of  Begonias,  viz  ,  Marchioness  of  Lome,  a  cerise  coloured 
single  bloom  ;  Queen  of  England,  a  full  double  salmon 
coloured  bloom  ;  Magnifica  albi  plena,  creamy-white  ; 
and  Colindia,  double  rose. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Miy,  nurseries  Dyson's  Line,  Edmonton, 
had  Pieris  cretica  var.  \\.  B-  Miy,  previously  described 
in  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  May  i  last. 

Mr.  VV.  Bedby.  Roehampton,  showed  a  yellow 
flowered  tuberous  Begonia  named  Louis  d'Or. 

Mr.  J.  Douglas  showed  a  self  Carnation,  Terra  Cotta, 
of  an  orange-pink  colour,  with  small  slaty  flaking. 

Mr.  R.  Dean  showed  an  Intermediate  Stock  with 
robust  habit  and  while  flowers,  and  Ten-week  Stock 
Mauve  Beauty. 

From  MM.  E.  H.  KreUge  &  Son.  Haarlem,  came 
some  seedUng  forms  of  the  new  race  of  hardy  Gladioli. 
Some  of  the  colours  were  new  in  these  flowers,  but  the 
spikes  of  bloom  were  in  all  instances  very  short. 

Chiswick  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens  fur- 
nished a  nice  assortment  of  Hollyhocks  in  good  condi- 
tion, spikes  of  a  good  length,  and  the  flowers  mostly  of 
good  quality. 

Mr.  C.  Noble,  nurseries,  Bagshot,  showed  a  few  new 
hybrids  of  Clematis  in  C  lanuginosa  violacea.  a  single 
flower,  deep  violet  ;  The  President,  also  single  bluish- 
purple  ;  Mrs.  Cholmondlev,  single  blue,  and  very  large. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  exhibited 
twelve  boxes  and  as  many  baskets  of  cut  Roses,  consist- 
ing of  H.P. ,  Teas,  and  Polyanthus  varieties. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries.  Cheshunt, 
staged  a  goudly  array  of  hardy  flowers,  mostly  in  tlie 
cut  state,  such  as  Lilies,  Geums,  in  varieties  ;  many  fine 
Phloxes,  Erigeron  speciosa  superba,  Eremurus  OlgiE,  of 
pale  pink  colour,  with  a  yellow  centre  ;  and  Statics 
speciosa,  a  plant  of  drooping  graceful  dwarf  habit  covered 
in  every  part  with  minute  pinkisli-wliite  blossoms. 

Mr.  r.  Ware,  Tottenham,  had  a  long  bank  of  hardy 
flowers,  amongst  which  some  specimens  of  L  lium  aura- 
tum  platypetalum  album  surmounted  wiih  splendid 
crowns  of  white  flowers,  yellow  stained  towards  the 
bottom  of  the  throat.  Dahlias  of  the  single-flowered  and 
bouquet  varieties  have  begun  to  put  in  an  appearance 
and  several  were  noticed  in  this  collection.  Matricaria 
inodora  grandiflora,  with  flowers  almost  twice  the  size  of 
those  of  the  original  species,  and  regularly  formed,  was 
a  striking  plant  of  some  merit;  as  was  L^ucanthenuim 
maximum  pumilum  and  Coreopsis  lanceola'a,  both  im- 
proved forcns  of  common  border  species. 

Messrs.  Barr  &  Son's  collection  of  hardy  cut  bloom 
was  also  of  considerable  extent,  and  was  much  brightened 
by  the  appearance  in  it  of  many  Papayer  nudicaule, 
groups  o(  Gladiolus  brenchleyensis,  Lilies,  and  annuals 
of  several  species. 

First-class  Certimcates. 


Rajah,  and  for  Todea  grandipinnula. 

To  Mr.  C.  G.  Hill,  for  Cattleya  gigas.  Hill's  var. 

To  Mr.  R.    H.   Measures,  for  Oncidium  stelligerum 
Ernesti. 

To  Mr.  T.  S  Ware,  for  Matricaria  inodora  grandiflora. 

To.  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  for  Carnalioa  Terra  Cotta. 


prizes  were  awarded— ist,  Mr.  R.  Timbs.  Hammersley 
Lane,  Tyler's  Green,  Amersham,  for  some  monstrous 
pods,  fully  grown,  and,  as  we  thought,  too  old  to  be 
good  eating  ;  2d,  Mr.  T.  A.  Becket,  Cole  Hatch  Farm. 
Penn  ;  3d,  Mr,  Waite,  gr.,  Glenhurst,  Esher— all  notable 
eximples. 

For  the  best  two  heads  of  Carter's  Giant  White, 
Carter's  Longstander,  and  .\\\  the  Year  Round.  — ist, 
Mr.  T,  A.  B-cket  ;  2d.  Mr.  Waite  ;  3d,  Mr.  L.  Harris. 
Broadenham,  High  Wycombe.  These  were  very  nice 
crisp-looking  heads,  cut  at  the  right  time. 

For  the  best  three  specimens  of  Carter's  Heartwell 
Early  Marrow  Cabbage. — ist,  Mr.  Osman,  South  Metro- 
politan District  School.  Sutton,  with  a  very  good  example 
of  this  productive  early  kind  ;  2d.  Mr.  T.  .\.  Becket  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Jacob,  Pound  Street,  Pitworth. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  So.ns"  Prizes. 

For  the  three  best  heads  of  Sutton's  First  Crop  Cauli- 
fljwer. — ist,  Mr,  T.  A.  Becket,  with  capital  medium- 
siz-d  firm  heads  ;  ad.  Mr.  Waite  ;  3d,  Mr.  Osman. 

For  the  best  collection  of  six  dishes  of  Peas,  to  include 
Sutton's  New  Marrow,  Satisfaction,  and  the  Duke  of 
Albany.— ist,  Mr.  Marriott,  Skirbeck,  Boston,  who  had 
besides  the  two  of  the  above  kinds  Laxton's  Charming. 
Telephone.  Telegraph,  and  Evolution  ;  2d,  Mr.  H. 
Marriott,  Boston,  Satisfaction  in  this  lot  being  very  fine  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Walker,  Clapham  Park.  Bedford  ;  4th.  Mr.  J. 
Cook,  Boston  Long  Hedges,  Boston. 

For  the  best  three  specimens  of  Sutton's  Little  Gem, 
and  Sutton's  All  Heart  Cabbages.— ist,  J.  Downing, 
Esq,  The  Shrubbery,  Enfield  (gr.,  Mr.  P.  Cornish)  ; 
2d,  Mr.  G.  Woodhouse.  Model  Farm,  North  Dulwich  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Osman. 

Messrs.  Webb  and  Sons'  Prizes. 

For  tlie  best  24  pods  of  Webb's  New  Chancellor  Pea. 
—  ist,  Mr.  H.  Marriott,  Skirbeck  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Marriott, 
Boston. 

Miscellaneous. 

Messrs.  T.  F.  Rivers  &  Sons,  Sawbridgeworth. 
showed  pot  trees  of  Nectarines,  Peaches,  Plums,  Pears, 
well  laden  with  fruit — a  useful  lesson  to  amateurs  with 
small  gardens,  showing  what  can  be  obtained  from  such 
miniature  trees  in  lo-inch  pots.  About  a  dozen  dishes 
of  splendid  Cherries  of  sorts  were  likewise  sent  from 
Sawbridgeworth. 

Fifty  varieties  of  Cabbage^  were  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Barron  from  the  Society's  gardens  at  Chiswick, 
St.  John's  Day  being  apparently  the  best-hearted. 


Fruit  Committee. 
Present  :  T.  Francis  Rivers,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  J.  Willard,  W.  Denning, 
H.  J.  Veilcb,  G.  Norman,  G.  Bunyard,  J,  E.  Lane, 
P.  Crowley,  J.  EUam,  J.  Woodbridge,  G.  T.  Miles, 
A.  SuUon,  and  R.  Hogg. 

Messrs.  Carter  and  Co.'s  Prizes. 
For  the  best  twelve  pods  of  Leviathan   Beans  the 


The  National   Carnation   and  Picotee  Society 
(Southern  Section). 

It  is  generally  acknowledged  that  the  exhibition  of 
the  National  Carnation  and  Picotee  Society  was  a 
good  one  ;  the  flowers  were  numerous,  large,  well 
marked,  and  on  the  whole  smooth,  and  this  general 
characteristic  prevailed  throughout  the  show.  It  was 
an  exhibition  confined  almost  entirely  to  Southern 
growers.  A  few  of  the  Southern  growers  say  they  could 
have  shown  better  a  week  ago  ;  but  on  the  whole  the 
fixture  is  felt  to  be  a  suitable  one,  consequently  we  fcL-l 
we  are  justified  in  slating  the  average  bloom  was  seen  at 
its  best. 

Carnations. 

Th*;  leading  class  was  for  twenty-four  blooms,  not  less 
than  twelve  distinct  varieties  (rive  prizes  being  offered), 
and  here  Mr.  Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough, 
was  placed  ist,  with  what  we  may  describe  as  a  mag- 
ficent  lot,  large,  smooth,  well  marked,  and  finely 
coloured.  The  virieties  were  ;— Scarlet  bizarres  ;  Robert 
Lord,  George,  Arthur  Medhurst.  and  Edward  Adams. 
Crimson  bizirres:  Rifleman  and  William  Skirving.  Pink 
and  purple  bizarreo  :  H.  K.  Mayor,  James  Taylor.  E. 
S.  Dodivell,  and  Mrs.  Payne.  Scarlet  flakes;  John  B.ill, 
Matador,  and  Henry  Cannell.  Purple  flakes  ;  James 
Douglas  and  Sporting  Lass.  Rose  flakes  :  Rob  Roy  (a 
magnificent  bloom).  ^Irs.  Bridgewater,  and  Mrs.  Tomes. 
2i.  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  gr.  to  T.  Whitbourn,  E-q..  Great 
Gearies,  Illord  ;  who  had  only  just  inferior  blooms,  a 
very  good  lot  indeed,  consisting  of  S.  B.,  Joseph 
CroisUnd,  Fred  and  Thetis  (Douglas);  C.B.,  Mr. 
Barlow  ;  a  sport  from  James  Merrvwealher.  Samuel 
Bariow  (Dodwell).  and  Duke  d'Au'male  (Douglas); 
P.P.B.,  Fflicity  (Douglas).  Unexpected  and  Sarah 
Payne;  P.  F. ,  James  Douglas  and  Squire  Whitbourn 
(Douglas);  S.F.,  Matador,  Thalia  (Douglas),  Alise- 
mond  (Douglas)  ;  R  F..  Corisande  (Douglas),  Tim 
Bobbin,  and  Diana  ;  3d,  Mr.  James  Hines,  81.  Bram- 
ford  Road,  Ipswich  ;  4th,  Mr.  Thos.  Garratt.  Bishops 
Stortford  ;  5th,  Mr.  F.  Hooper,  Vme  Nursery,  Bath. 
Five  stands  competed  in  this  class. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  five  prizes  were  offered, 
and  eight  stands  competed.  Mr.  J.  Douglas  gaining  ist 
prize  with  a  fine  even  lot  of  blooms,  consisting  of  SB., 
Fred  and  Arthur  Medhurst;  C.B,,  Due  d'Aumale,  a 
stout  form  ;  James  Merryweather.  and  Sarah  Payne  ; 
P.F.,  James  Douglas  and  Squire  Whitbourn  ;  S.F., 
Matador  and  Alisemond  ;  R.F.,  Thalia  and  John  Keel. 
2d,  Mr.  John  Hines,  with  S.B..  Edward  Adams  and 
Robert  Lord  ;  C.B.,  Master  Fred  and  Squire  Dodwell  ; 
P.P.B.,  Sarah  Payne  and  James  Taylor  ;  P.F.,  Spirting 
Lass  and  James  Douglas;  S.F..  Matador  and  John 
Ball;  R  F..  John  Keet  and  Tim  Bobbin.  3d,  Mr.  J. 
Lakin,  Temple  Cowley,  Oxford.  4th,  name  of  exhibitor 
not  given.  5th,  Mr.  M.  Rowan,  36,  Manor  Street, 
Clapham,  S.W. 

In  the  class  for  six  blooms  there  were  five  prizes  also, 
and  twelve  stands  competed.  Here  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  Ham- 
ilton Road,  Earley,  Reading,  was  ist,  with  good  blooms 
of  SB.,  Tom  Power;  C.B.,  John  Harland  ;  P.P.B. 
H.  K.    Miyor  ;  P.F.,    George  Melville    S.F.,    Robert 


Morris  :  and  R.F.,  Mrs.  Gavin.  2d,  Mr.  T.  E.  Hen- 
wood,  with  flowers  unnamed.  3d,  Mr.  Thomas  Austiss, 
Brill.  4th.  A.  Spurhng,  Esq.,  The  Nest.  Blackheath. 
5th.  Mr.  H.  Startup,  3.  Stanley  Road,  Bromley,   Kent. 

Then  came  classes  for  single  specimen  Carnations, 
five  prizes  being  awarded  in  each,  the  awards  were  as 
follows  :— S.B  ,  ist  and  2d.  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Robert 
Lord  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  Arthur  Medhurst  ;  4th. 
Master  Stanley  ;  5th,  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  wiih  George. 
C.B..  1st.  Mr.  [.  Douglas,  with  Due  d'Aumale  ;  2d,  Mr. 
C.  Turner.  wi"th  Rillem.in  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with 
sport  from  James  Merryweather  ;  4th.  Mr.  J.  Lakin, 
with  Master  Fred;  and  sth,  Mr.  T.  Austiss,  with  the 
same.  P.  P.  B. ,  ist  and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Sarah 
Payne  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  Unexpected  ;  4th,  Mr. 
J.  Lakin,  with  Squire  Llewellyn  ;  5th,  Mr.  M.  Rowan, 
with  William  Skirving.  P.F..  1st,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with 
Mayor  of  Nottingham  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Squire 
Meynell  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  with  Sarah  Payne  ;  4th, 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Sporting  Lass  ;  5th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin, 
with  Major  Gane.  S.K..  ist,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with 
Matador  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Henry  Cannell  ;  3d, 
Mr.  C.  Phillips,  with  Sportsman  ;  4th,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  Figaro  ;  5lh,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  seedling.  R.F.. 
ist,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Rob  Roy  ;  and  2d.  with  the 
same  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Tim  Bobbin  :  4lh.  Mr.  J. 
Douglas,  with  Diana  (Douglas) ;  5th,  the  same,  with 
Thalia. 

The  premier  Carnation,  selected  from  the  whole 
exhibition  was  R.F.  Rob  Roy,  shown  by  Mr.  Turner  ia 
his  stand  of  twenty-four  varieties— a  grand  bloom. 

PiCOTEES. 

Here  also  the  leading  class  was  for  twenty-four  blooms, 
not  less  than  twelve  dissimilar  varieties,  and  Mr.  C. 
Turner  and  Mr.  J.  Douglas  were  named  equal  rst,  the 
former  having  large  full  Ho  .vers  of  fine  quality,  the  latter 
smaller  blooms,  but  characterised  by  great  purity  and 
refinement.  Mr.  Turner  had,  of  heavy  red  edges  :  J.  B. 
Bryant,  Dr.  Epps.  Princess  of  Wales,  and  Brunette. 
Light  reds  :  Thomas  William.  Heavy  purples  :  Muriel 
and  Mrs.  A.  Chancellor.  Light  purple  :  Her  Majesty, 
Julictta.  Heavy  rose  edges  :  Duchess  (Fellowes).  a  fine 
new  variety  not  yet  distributed  ;  Mrs.  Payne,  Louisa,  and 
Constance  Heron.  Light  rose  edges  :  Favourite  (Lid- 
dington).  Orlando,  and  Maud.  Mr.  Douglas  had,  of 
heavy  reds  :  J.  B.  Bryant.  Princess  of  Wales,  Brunette, 
and  a  seedling.  L'ght  leds:  Thomas  William,  Clara. 
Dr.  Horner,  and  Mrs.  Gorton.  Heavy  purple  edges  : 
Mrs.  Chancellor  and  Muriel.  Light  purple  :  Her 
Majesty.  Alice,  Clara  Pensun.  and  Miss  Gorton.  Heavy 
rose.  Heureuse  (Douglas),  Mrs.  Payne,  Constance 
Heron,  and  Seedling  No.  13.  Light  red  :  Favourite. 
2d  Mr.  J.  Hines  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  Hooper  ;  4th,  Mr.  Thomas 
Garratt.     Five  collections  competed. 

In  the  class  lor  twelve  varieties  there  were  nine  collec- 
tions, and  here  Mr.  J.  Douglas  was  ist  with  heavy  reds  : 
Princess  of  Wales  and  John  Smith.  Light  reds  : 
Thomas  William  and  Mrs.  Gorton.  Heavy  purple : 
Muriel.  Light  purples  :  Alice,  Her  Majesty,  and  Clara 
Penson.  Heavy  roses  :  Seedling  and  Mrs.  Payne. 
Light  roses  :  Favourite  and  Miss  Gorton.  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Lakin,  with  heavy  red  :  John  Smith.  Light  purple  : 
Her  Majesty,  Jessie  and  Clara  Penson.  Heavy  roses  : 
Constance  Heron.  Royal  Visit.  Mrs.  Payne,  Edith 
dOmbrain,  and  Mrs.  Rudd.  Light  rose  :  Favourite, 
Ethel  and  Miss  Horner.  3d,  Mr.  John  Buxton,  27, 
Manor  Street,  Clapham.  4th,  Mr.  M.  Rowan.  5th, 
Mr.  John  Hines. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties,  there  were  thirteen  collec- 
tions and  five  prizes  offered  ;  the  ist  prize  going  to  Mr, 
T.  Austiss,  with  flowers  unnamed  ;  2d,  Mr.  T.  E. 
Ilenwood.  also  unnamed  ;  3d,  no  name  ;  4th,  Mr,  C, 
Phillips  ;  5th,  Mr.  F.  Glassock,  Bishops  Stortford. 

Then  followed  classes  for  single  specimens,  five  prizes 
being  awarded  in  each  as  follows : — Henry  Reds  ;  ist 
and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Henry  Matthews  ;  3d.  Mr. 
J.  Douglas,  with  Princess  of  Wales  ;  4th,  Mr.  T.  E. 
Henwood,  with  Mrs.  Dodwell  ;  and  5th.  Mr.  J.  Douglas 
with  the  same.  Light  reds  :  ist  and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  Mrs.  Gorton  ;  3d  and  4th,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with 
Thomas  Wdliam  ;  5th  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  with  Clara. 
Heavy  purple  ;  1st  and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Muriel; 
3d.  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  Mrs.  Chancellor  ;  4th  and  sth, 
Mr.  A.  J.  Sanders,  Bookham  Lodge.  Cobham.  with 
Zerlina.  Light  purple  :  1st  and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  Julielta  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  Her  Majesty  ; 
4th,  Mr.  A.  J.  Sanders,  with  Nymph  ;  sth.  Mr.  H.  W. 
Headland,  High  Street.  Leyton,  with  seedling  Pride  of 
Leytou.  Heavy  rose:  ist  and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with 
Mrs.  Payne  ;  3d,  Mr.  Rowan,  with  the  same  ;  4ih,  Mr. 
J.  Hines,  with  Edith  d'Ombrain  ;  sth.  Mr.  J.  Douglas, 
with  Mrs.  Payne.  In  the  class  for  light  roses,  Lidding- 
ton's  Favourite  won  all  the  prizes.  Mr.  J,  Douglas  being 
ist  and  3d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin  2d,  Mr.  T.  Austiss  4th,  and 
Mr,  C.  Turner  5th.  Yellow  ground  Picotees  :  ist  and 
2d,  Mr,  ].  Douglas,  with  Agnes  Chambers  ;  3d  and 
4th,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Prince  of  Orange  ;  sth,  name 
unknown,  with  Finlayson's  Lord  Rothschild. 

The  premier  Picotee  was  a  heavy  rose,  Mrs.  Payne, 
shovn  by  Mr.  C.  Turner  in  his  stand  of  twenty-four 
varieties— a  greatly  refined  flower,  of  full  size  and  rich 
marking. 

Stands  of  selfs,  fancies  and  yellow  grounds  were 
very  attractive,  and  seemed  to  please  the  visitors  greatly. 
By  a  fancy  may  be  meant  a  flower  having  a  coloured 
ground,  and  stripes  of  some  darker  colour.  "Run" 
flowers  will  occasionally  take  this  form,  and  are  then 
very  handsome.  The  largest  class  was  for  twenty-four 
blooms,  and  here  Mr.  Turner  was  ist  with  a  really  fine 
lot,  consisting  of  the  following  fancies  : — A.  J.  South- 
gate,  Master  Stanley,  and  Guirdsman.  Selfs  :  Mary 
Morris,  Grosvenor,  Mrs.  Champneys,  Chieftain,  Magog, 
Lady  R.  Molyneux.  Sybil.  W.  P.  Milner,  Mrs.  Bridge- 
water,   Dan  Godfrey,   Rob  Roy,  Mrs.   Maclaren  ;   and 


152 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Udlv  31,  1886. 


yellow  grounds,  Prince  of  Orange,  Janina,  and  Edith  ; 
2d,  Mr.  James  Douglas,  all  seedlings ;  3d,  Mr.  M. 
Toby,  3,  St.  Mark's  Grove,  Fulhani  Road  ;  4th,  Mr.  T. 
Hooper  ;  5th,  Mr.  H.  Catley,  16,  Claverton  Buildings, 
Bath. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  there  were  eleven  com- 
peting collections,  some  remarlcably  good  flowers  being 
shown,  the  best  comingfrom  Mr.  A.  Spurling.  Blackheath, 
who  had  flaked  flowers.  Sir  Toby  Belch,  Robert  Lord, 
Marc  Antony,  and  Huson  Morris.  Selfs  :  Bride,  Mrs.  H. 
Morris,  (essica.  The  Doctor,  Matador,  and  the  following 
yellows  :— Edith,  Pride  of  Blackheath,  and  a  seedling. 
Equal  2d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  and  a  stand  not  bearing  an 
exhibitor's  name;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Austiss  ;  4th,  Mr.  L. 
Walker,  Bulmershe  Road,  Reading  ;  jth,  Mr.  C. 
Phillips,  In  the  class  for  12  blooms  of  yellow  ground 
Picotees  five  stands  competed,  Mr.  J.  Douglas  being 
placed  ist  with  a  very  fine  lot  of  seedlings,  unnamed— a 
strain  of  great  value  that  in  the  course  of  time  must 
result  in  a  grand  strain  of  refined  yellow  ground  Pico- 
tees  :  2d.  Mr.  C.  Turner,  who  had  the  following  named 
varieties  in  duplicate  in  a  few  instances  : — Thomas  Page, 
Prince  of  Orange,  Starlight,  Mrs.  Coleman,  Janina, 
Mazzini,  Lightning,  and  Princess  Beatrice.  3d,  Mr.  A. 
Spurling;  4th,  Mr.  T.  Hooper  ;  sth,  Mr.  H.  Catley. 

The  following  certificates  of  merit  were  awarded  to 
cut  bloom  : — To  Mr.  Thomas  .\ustiss.  Brill,  for  Heavy 
purple  edged  Picotee,  Pollie  Brazel,  very  fine,  stout  pure 
petals,  with  broad  edging  of  bright  lilac-purple  ;  some- 
what in  the  way  of  Muriel,  but  quite  distinct.  To  Mr. 
James  Douglas,  for  yellow  Picotee,  Annie  Douglas, 
yellow  ground,  edged  with  bright  rose,  large  full  good 
petal,  bright  and  eiifective  ;  and  to  Messrs.  James 
Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nurseries,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  for  Clove  General  Stewart,  rich  deep  maroon, 
large,  full,  and  extra  fine. 

Plants. 

In  the  class  for  nine  specimens  of  Carnations  or 
Picotees  in  pots,  Mr.  J.  Douglas  was  ist,  with  an 
admirably  grown  and  bloomed  lot,  consisting  of  Carna- 
tions ;  R.F.,  Diana,  Miss  Helen  Lodge  ;  P.F.,  James 
Douglas  ;  rose  edged  Picotees,  Ethel  and  Favourite  ;  and 
the  following  yellows : — Colonial  Beauty,  Florence,  Edith, 
and  Almira.  2d,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  a  good  lot,  con- 
sisting of  Carnations  :  S.B.,  Guardsman  ;  C.B.,  Lord 
Milton  ;  purple  Picotee,  Mrs.  Nicholay  ;  rose  Picotees  : 
Orlando,  Constance  Heron,  and  Favourite  ;  yellows  : 
Prince  of  Orange  and  Edith  ;  and  white  Clove  Lady 
Rose  Molyneux. 

Miscellaneous. 

In  the  way  of  honorary  contributions  Messrs.  Veitch 
&  Sons  had  eight  boxes  of  Carnations  and  Picotees, 
mcluding  fancies  and  selfs — quite  a  representative  collec- 
tion ;  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Totten- 
ham, six  boxes  of  bunches  of  Carnations  and  Picotees, 
arranged  with  great  taste  ;  and  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co., 
Centre  Row,  Covent  Garden,  had  six  boxes  of  cut 
blooms,  also  of  good  quality  and  variety. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    OF 
ABERDEEN. 

From  year  to  year  the  shows  of  this  Society  have 
varied  in  degrees  of  excellence.  Many  of  the  shows 
held  in  past  years  have  been  bigger,  but  few  have 
been  better  than  that  opened  on  Thursday,  the 
22d  inst.  This  year  the  entries  have  decreased  to 
650,  as  compared  with  over  1000  last  year.  There 
were  special  circumstances  then,  however,  to  be 
taken  into  account.  The  Highland  Society's  show, 
which  was  held  in  Aberdeen  last  year,  tended  to 
make  the  horticultural  exhibition  greater  than  what 
it  otherwise  might  have  been. 

The  floor  o(  the  Music  Hal!  was  coveted  with  tables, 
on  which  the  exhibits  were  displayed.  As  heretofore 
there  were  four  divisions  in  the  show — professional 
gardeners,  nurserymen,  amateurs,  and  working  men. 
Each  of  the  sections  was  very  worthily  repre- 
sented. 

In  the  professional  division  the  Queen  presented  a 
prize  for  a  table  of  pot  plants  arranged  for  efTect.  The 
competition  was  interesting,  and  resulted  in  Mr.  James 
Malcolm,  Sunnyside  Asylum,  being  1st  ;  Mr.  Alex- 
ander Grigor,  Fairfield,  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Thomas  Forest 
(Earl  of  Aberdeen),  Haddo  House,  3d.  Among  the 
other  pot  plants  shown  by  professionals  Ferns,  Pelar- 
goniums, and  Fuchsias  were  noticeable  for  wealth  of 
beauty.  Among  other  prizes  Mr.  Edward  Mooran, 
Stoneywood,  carried  Ist  honours  for  Ferns  ;  and  Mr. 
Scott,  Aberdeen  ;  although  an  amateur,  successfully 
competed  with  a  fine  Lily  among  professionals.  Mr. 
Ogg,  Morven  House,  Mr.  J.  Hendry,  Aberdeen,  and 
Mr.  Grigor,  Fairfield,  also  competed  successfully  for 
pot  plants. 

For  cut  flowers  Mr.  Hunter,  Richmond  Hill  ;  Mr, 
Robert  Grigor,  Sunnybank ;  Mr.  James  Mowat, 
Aberdeen  ;  Mr.  Alexander  Kay,  Westburn  ;  and  Mr. 
William  Pope  were  the  most  successful  exhibitors. 

The  show  of  fruit  made  by  the  professionals  was 
not  extensive,  but  good.  The  gentlemen  who  took 
the  lead  in  other  departments  were  also  first  here, 
but  there  was  one  peculiar  feature  in  connection  with 
this  section.  Mr.  Alex.  Milne,  Aberdeen,  carried  off 
a  challenge  cup  last  year  for  Strawberries,  after  win- 
ning it  twice.  He  has  again  won  a  challenge  cup, 
presented  by  Lord  Provost  Matthews,  for  a  similar 
exhibit. 


In  the  vegetable  department  there  was  very  little 
noticeable  beyond  the  very  fine  Carrots.  Mr.  William 
Davidson,  Aberdeen  ;  Mr.  Anderson,  Lower  Corn- 
hill  ;  Mr.  Malcolm,  Sunnyside  ;  Mr.  Reid,  Urie  ;  and 
Mr.  William  Scorgie,  Summethill,  showed  the  best 
vegetables. 

In  the  nursery  section  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Son, 
Aberdeen,  carried  all  before  them.  Amateurs  ex- 
hibited a  fine  and  large  selection  of  pot  plants.  Mr. 
A.  Gillespie,  Aberdeen,  showed  a  collection  of  British 
l""erns  that  would  have  done  credit  to  any  professional 
table.  The  other  chief  winners  of  prizes  were  Mr. 
Maitland,  Woodside  ;  Mr.  William  Silver,  Auchmill ; 
Mr.  James  Minly,  and  Mr.  James  A.  Kemp,  Aber- 
deen ;  and  Mr.  R.  Hall,  Belhelvie.  The  cut  flowers 
sent  by  amateurs  were  not  numerous,  and  in  this 
section  Mr.  Duthie  and  Mr.  Pope,  Aberdeen,  had 
matters  pretty  much  their  own  way. 

The  turn  out  made  by  working  men  in  pot  plants, 
cut  flowers,  fruit  and  vegetables  was  very  satisfactory 
indeed.  A  feature  of  the  exhibition,  and  one  that 
received  general  admiration,  was  the  fine  selection  of 
herbaceous  plants  shown  by  Messrs.  William  Smith 
&  Son,  nurserymen,  Aberdeen. 


BEDFORDSHIRE  AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY'S  SHOW  :  July  21. 

The  horticultural  department  of  the  annual  show 
in  connection  with  the  Bedfordshire  Agricultural 
Society,  which  was  this  year  held  at  Luton  on 
Wednesday  week,  afforded  an  additional  attraction  to 
the  numerous  visitors,  and  the  executive  are  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  interesting  display  they  were 
able  to  produce.  The  General  Committee  voted  the 
sum  of  ^170  for  prizes,  and  the  expenses  of  the 
department,  and  the  managers  used  the  money  with 
considerable  advantage.  It  was  thought  desirable  to 
offer  good  prizes  for  collections  of  plants,  flowers, 
and  fruit,  such  as  would  attract  the  first  growers  in 
the  country,  rather  than  to  give  a  multiplicity  of 
small  sums  for  ordinary  productions.  The  outcome, 
therefore,  was  a  show  that  was  special  in  every 
class,  and  embraced  some  of  the  finest  specimens  of 
horticulture  possible  to  bring  together. 

The  marquee  was  of  noble  proportions,  and  allowed 
of  the  exhibits  being  staged  so  as  to  show  off 
their  merits  to  perfection.  But  a  serious  casualty 
occurred  shortly  before  mid-day,  and  had  not 
prompt  action  been  taken,  a  great  disaster  would 
have  happened.  The  marquee  stood  in  a  some- 
what elevated  position,  and  there  was  a  strong 
breeze  against  its  side.  The  iron  stays  for  sup- 
porting the  strain  of  the  ropes  were  not  sufficiently 
imbedded  in  the  ground,  and  suddenly  one  side  of 
the  tent  gave  way,  and  with  one  fell  swoop  sent 
the]  entire  table  on  that  side,  which  had  been 
splendidly  set  out  with  boxes  of  cut  Roses  and  other 
flowers,  into  the  plants  grouped  in  the  centre,  break- 
ing up  the  woodwork,  and  carrying  with  it  two  of  the 
committee-men  who  were  employed  in  giving  the 
finishing  touches  to  the  show.  It  was  an  alarming 
affair,  and  the  whole  marquee  seemed  on  the  point  of 
toppling  over.  From  the  damage  such  a  catastrophe 
would  have  caused  the  show  was  happily  saved,  for 
it  would  have  involved  the  destruction  of  several 
hundreds  of  pounds'  worth  of  plants.  By  prompt  and 
determined  efforts  the  marquee  was  secured,  and  the 
damage  rectified  as  far  as  possible. 

In  a  little  time  the  wind  veered  round  and  relieved 
the  pressure  which  had  produced  such  an  alarming 
contretemps. 

Plants. 

Ten  exotic  Orchids  in  flower,  and  six  exotic  Orchids 
in  flower. — Although  the  prizes  offered  were  good, 
there  was  but  one  collection  in  each  of  these  classes, 
and  both  were  furnished  by  that  successful  grower, 
Mr.  James  Cypher,  of  Cheltenham,  and  contained 
fine  examples  of  Cattleya  crispa,  C.  Leopoldi,  C. 
Gaskelliana,  C.  superba  splendens,  C.  Harrisonias, 
Epidendrum  vitellinum,  Cypripedium  grande  (hybrid), 
C.  Lawrenceanum,  C.  barbatum  nigrum,  Dendrobium 
Dearei,  Saccolabium  Blumei,  and  Oncidium  prse- 
lextum.  The  beauty  of  these  flowers,  in  their 
seemingly  artless  yet  highly  artistic  arrangement,  is 
wonderful. 

Twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  six  flowering. 
—The  1st  prize  went  to  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  Cheltenham, 
for  magnificently  grown  and  much  admired  specimens 
of  Ixora  Pilgrimii,  I.  Williamsi,  densely  clothed 
with  huge  trusses  of  most  exquisite  flowers  ;  Kentia 
australis,  K.  Fosteriana,  Croton  Queen  Victoria, 
Latania  borbonica,  Stephanotis  floribunda.  Erica 
retorta  major,  Allamanda  grandiflora,  and  Cordyline 
indivisa.  The  2d  prize  was  won  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould 
of  Pewsey,  Wilts,  for  a  capital  lot  which  included 
Ixora  ReginK,  Slatice  Butcheri,  Cycas  revoluta,  Alla- 
manda nobilis,  Gleichenia  Mendelii,  Calosanthes 
Frederick  des  Bois,  and  Cocos  Weddelliana,  perhaps 
the  most  elegant  of  all  the  smaller  Palms,  of  which 
so  many  charming  species  ate  now  to  be  found  in 
cultivation. 

Extra  prizes  were  awarded  to  exhibits  In  this  divi- 


sion from  Madame  de  Falbe(gr.,  Mr.  W.  M.  Baillie), 
Luton  Hoo  ;  Mr.  Cypher,  and  Mr.  Mould. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  three  flowering. — 
This  was  also  easily  won  by  Mr.  J.  Cypher  with  Ixora 
Pilgrimii,  Bougainvillea,  Erica  Thompsoni,  and 
Cycas  circinalis.  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould,  of  Pewsey, 
carried  off  2d  prize,  and  C.  R.  Fenwick,  Esq.  (gr., 
Mr.  G.  Underwood),  High  Firs,  Harpenden,  ran  a 
good  3d,  with  six  as  clean  and  creditably  grown 
plants  as  it  was  possible  to  display.  This  was  a  note- 
worthy collection,  and  was  awarded  by  the  judges  an 
extra  prize. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns. — In  this  class 
there  were  four  competitors,  and  each  staged  charm- 
ing and  well-finished  exhibits,  the  Ist  going  to  Mr.  J. 
Cypher,  the  2d  to  W.  Tindall  Lucas,  Esq.,  Foxholes, 
Iltchin;  and  the  3d  t)  C.  R.  Fenwick,  Esq.  (gr., 
Mr.  G.  Underwood),  High  Firs,  Harpenden. 

Fuchsias  were  poorly  represented,  one  collection 
from  Mr.  John  Cumberland,  of  Luton,  only  being 
secured,  t )  whom  was  awarded  the  2d  prize. 

Roses. 

Forty-eight  cut  Roses,  distinct. — Mr.  Frank  Cant, 
of  Colchester,  one  of  the  most  successful  Rose  growers 
in  England,  carried  off  premier  honours  for  magni- 
ficent blooms  of  his  best  varieties,  comprising, 
amongst  othets,  Horace  Vernet,  a  truly  grand  Rose  ; 
Innocente  Pirola,  Rosierist  Jacobs,  Star  of  Waltham, 
Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Lord  Frederick  Cavendish, 
a  dazzling  scarlet  of  beautiful  finish  ;  Madame  Victor 
Verdier,  Niphetos,  Abel  Carriere,  Alphonse  Soupert, 
Ulrich  Brunner,  Duke  or  Connaught,  and  Countess  of 
Oxford,  &c.  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  of  Cambridge, 
were  2d  with  a  collection  in  good  variety  and  excellent 
condition  ;  Mr.  William  Rumsey,  Waltham  Cross, 
being  3d.  An  extra  prize  was  awarded  to  the  Rev. 
W.  Jackson,  Stagsden  Vicarage,  Bedford. 

Mr.  William  Paul,  whose  association  with  Roses  is 
well  known,  exhibited  one  of  the  finest  collections  we 
ever  remember  to  have  seen,  not  for  competition — 
the  climbing  Tea  and  Noisette  Rises,  arranged  in 
baskels,  being  a  grand  feature. 

Fkuit. 

The  display  of  fruit  was,  upon  the  whole,  good,  and 
well  represented.  1st  place  lor  a  collection  of  eight 
sorts.  Pine  excluded,  was  allotted  to  Messrs.  Roths- 
child, Gunnersbury  Park,  Acton  (gr.  ,'Mr.  J.  Roberts), 
with  examples  of  \'iolette  Hative  Peach,  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  Grape,  Brown  Turkey  Fig,  Golden  Per- 
fection Melon,  British  Queen  Strawberry,  Madresfield 
Court  Grape,  Bigarreau  Napoleon  Cherry,  and  Lord 
Napier  Peach.  The  2d.  prize  went  to  His  Grace  the 
Duke  of  St.  Albans,  Bestwood  Lodge,  Notts  (gr.,  Mr. 
J.  Edmunds)  ;  and  the  3d  to  the  Earl  of  Harrington, 
Elvaston  Castle,  Derby  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  H.  Goodacre). 

In  the  Grape  classes  there  was  abundant  and  keen 
competition.  For  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  J.  F. 
Hasley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Gaddesden  Place,  Herts 
(gr.,  Mr.  H.  Folkes),  was  Ist  with  neat  compact 
bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Roberts,  with  Foster's  Seedling ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  H. 
Goodacre. 

For  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  E.  M.  Mundy, 
Esq.,  Shipley  Hall,  Derby,  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Elphin- 
stone),  carried  off  Ist  with  some  fine  Black  Ham- 
burghs,  Mr.  Goodacre  ranking  2d,  and  Mr.  G.  T. 
Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey,  being  3d. 

Pines  were  shown  of  excellent  merit,  premium 
honours  going  to  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles ;  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Roberts  ;  and  3d  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Goodacre. 

Visitors  seemed  rather  sparse  in  the  early  hours  of 
the  exhibition,  but  as  the  day  advanced  the  few 
became  hundreds,  and  increased  to  thousands  in  the 
course  of  the  afternoon  and  evening. 


NEWCASTLE    SHOW. 

On  July  21,  22,  and  23,  the  sixty-third  summer 
show  of  the  Durham,  Northumberland,  and  New- 
castle Incorporated  Botanical  and  Horticultural 
Society  was  held,  under  auspicious  circumstances, 
in  the  Leazes  Park,  Newcastle.  This  show  hss 
become  of  late  years  one  of  the  most  popular  of 
north-country  fetcs^  and  at  this  meeting  there  was  a 
very  large  attendance  of  members  and  the  general 
public.  The  entries  received  for  plants  were  quite 
up  to  the  average  attained  in  previous  years,  but 
when  the  generosity  of  the  Society  in  the  matter  of 
prize  money  is  taken  into  consideration,  this  is  not  at 
all  to  be  wondered  at.  The  entries  included  exhibits 
from  prominent  botanists  and  horticulturists  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  There  was  a  very  large  display 
of  Roses  in  bloom,  and  the  majority  of  the  plants 
were  of  rare  beauty.  The  fruit  was  in  great  quantity, 
and  of  admirable  quality.  Exhibits  were  displayed 
by  the  gardeners  of  the  following,  amongst  others  : 
— The  Duchess  Dowager  of  Roxburgh,  Dunbar  ;  the 
Duke  of  St.  Alban's,  Arnold,  Notts;  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  R.  F.  Grey,  Morpeth  ;  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  M.P., 
Guisborough  ;  Mr.  T.  Fry,  M.P.,  Darlington;  Mr. 
Lindsay  Wood,   Chester-le-Street  ;  Mr.  A.  R.  Glad- 


July  31,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


153 


stone,  Liverpool ;  Mr.  J.  Trotter,  Annitsford  ;  Mr. 
William  Whiting,  Shotley ;  Mr.  A.  Pease,  Ham- 
mersknott ;  and  Mr.  J,  R.  Chard,  Clapham  Common, 
London. 

Messrs.  William  Fell  &  Co.,  Hexham,  exhibited  a 
good  collection  of  Conifers  in  pots,  viz.,  Cupressus 
lutea,  Thuia  Lobbii,  and  a  very  pretty  Japan  Maple. 
Roses  and  hardy  herbaceous  plants  were  very  pro- 
minent on  this  stand,  and  so  a  very  pretty  semi-double 
blue  Lobelia  (raised  by  Messrs.  Fell  &  Co.).  Ivies 
were  most  conspicuous,  especially  the  variegated 
varieties.  The  exhibits  of  this  firm  were  highly  credit- 
able. In  the  early  morning  of  the  opening  day  the 
weather  gave  every  promise  of  being  all  that  the  pro- 
moters of  the  show  could  desire,  but  gradually  a  strong 
wind  aroseand  the  air  grew  decidedly  chilly.  This,  how- 
ever, did  not  alTect  the  attendance  in  the  aftenoon. 
Between  five  and  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  a  very 
severe,  but  not  very  prolonged,  thunderstorm  broke 
over  Newcastle,  and  the  weather  during  the  rest  of 
the  evening  was  damp  and  threatening.  This  re- 
sulted in  a  very  much  smaller  attendance  than  was 
expected.  The  receipts  at  the  gates  for  the  day 
amounted  to  £1(1},,  against  ;^235  for  the  first  day  of 
the  summer  show  last  year  ;  being  a  decrease  of  £T2, 


NOTES    FROM    DUBLIN. 

MuTISIA  DECURRENS. — A  beautiful  climbing  Com- 
posite from  Chili  is  now  very  full  of  flower  here, 
and  promises  to  give  a  succession  of  its  vivid  orange- 
scarlet  Gazania-like  flowers  for  some  weeks  longer. 

Gymnadenia  conopsea 

varies  much  in  Ireland,  The  enclosed  are  two  spikes 
from  a  pot  plant,  the  tubers  having  been  dug  in 
flower  last  year  and  potted  at  once.  The  spikes  from 
the  pot  this  season  are  very  fine,  and  as  sweet-scented 
as  Stocks. 

Papaver  setigerum. 
I  send  also  a  plant  or  two  of  what  Mr.  J.  S.  Baker, 
F. RS.,  tells  me  is  Papaver  setigerum,  DC.,  a 
plant  supposed  by  De  Candolle  (Origin  of  Citltivaled 
Plants')  to  be  the  parent  of  the  opium  Poppy  (P. 
somnilerum)  of  to-day.  The  seeds  were  brought  from 
the  banks  of  the  Nile  a  few  months  ago,  by  the  Rev. 
J.  P.  Mahaffy,  LL  D.,  who  very  kindly  thought  of 
our  garden  when  on  a  pilgrimage  to  the  tombs  and 
temples  of  Thebes.  This  Poppy  has  six-rayed 
stigmas,  while  the  garden  or  spurious  opium  Poppy  is 
generally  eight  to  ten-rayed,  and  the  true  large- 
fruited  opium  Poppy  of  the  druggists'  shops  has  from 
ten  to  thirteen  rays.  It  grows  from  6  to  S  inches  in 
height,  and  bears  white  flowers  with  contorted  petals, 
and  is  rather  pretty. 

Apocynum  ANDROS.EMU'OLIUM. 

This  curious  old  Dogbane  is  figured  in  Darwin's 
Botanic  Garden^  and  is  interesting  from  its  fly-catching 
habit.  It  is  a  by  no  means  ineffective  garden  plant 
to  boot. 

Double  Lilies. 

These  do  not  please  all  alike.  I  enclose  a  great 
rarity— the  double  Martagon — of  which  I  have  so  fat 
failed  to  find  any  record  in  books.  Is  it  mentioned 
in  Elwes' Monograph  or  not  ?  [No.  It  is  enumerated 
in  Masters'  Vegetable  Teratology.^  It  is  very  distinct, 
and  some  years  floriferous,  I  having  had  it  here  with 
twenty  to  thirty  flowers  on  a  stem.  This  year  the 
drought  has  ruined  it.  I  hope  all  who  know  or  grow 
it  will  tell  us  of  its  history. 

The  double  white  Lily  is  botanically  interesting, 
and,  as  Parkinson  says,  may  be  grown  in  the  gardens 
of  the  curious.  Properly  speaking,  its  "  flowers  " 
are  simply  plumes  of  white  bracts,  arranged  like  the 
leaves  alternately  on  the  stem,  and  not  in  whorls, 
as  in  the  properly  developed  blossoms  of  this 
species. 

It  is  general  known  in  gardens  that  there  are  two 
(at  least)  very  distinct  forms  of  the  common  white 
Lily  (L.  candidum).  The  common  variety  or  type 
has  the,  three  inner  lobes  of  the  perianth  very  much 
wider  than  the  outer  ones,  while  in  the  other  form  the 
perianth-lobes  are  equal  in  width,  and  of  a  more 
delicate  whiteness  throughout.  Its  habit  or  port  is 
also  more  elegant  as  seen  growing. 

Perhaps  the  best  of  all  the  double  Lilies  is  L. 
tigrmum  fl.-pl.,  which  in  some  places  grows  6—8  feet 
high,  and  opens  its  blossoms  well.  The  great  fault 
of  all  the  truly  double  Lilies  is  their  tendency  to  fail 
in  flowering  except  under  the  most  congenial  of 
conditions 


White  Violas. 
I  am  told  'Viola  Snowdrop,  sent  out  by  Messrs. 
Dickson,  of  Edinburgh,  is  one  of  the  best  of  all,  but 
having  never  seen  it,  I  cannot  judge.  Herewith  I 
send  you  a  small  bunch  of  a  variety  named  Mrs. 
Clarke,  raised  at  Wemyss  Castle,  Fife,  and  I  think 
also  sent  out  by  Messrs.  Dickson.  If  Snowdrop 
beats  Mrs.  Clarke  I  think  it  must  be  good  indeed.  I 
shall  never  forget  a  visit  I  made  to  the  Pilrig 
Park  Nurseries,  when  I  was  last  in  Edinburgh, 
where  I  saw  Pansies,  Violas,  Carnations,  Pinks,  and 
Pentstemons  by  the  acre,  grown  as  one  only  sees  them 
in  the  cold,  stern  northern  air,  which  braces  up  strong 
men  as  well  as  strong  plants.  I  have  a  very  pleasant 
souvenir  of  that  visit  now  in  flower  here — no  less  an 
old  rarityand  friend  than  Fuchsia  albo-coccinea,  a  most 
distinct  and  floriferous  old  variety,  not  often  to  be 
found  as  I  imagine  in  modern  nurseries.  I  think  if  I 
were  asked  to  recommend  a  holiday  outing  to 
gardeners — especially  Southern  ones — I  should  say 
go  to  Edinburgh,  Vou  will  see  there  a  noble  city— 
you  are  in  a  very  focus-spot  of  gardens — and  if  pro- 
perly accredited,  you  will  meet  with  some  of  the  most 
able  and  genial  of  all  the  gardeners  in  the  world, 
F.  W.  B. 


THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 

No.   VII. 

Natal. — The  exhibits  from  this  colony,  though 
numerous,  are  of  the  usual  varied  character  generally 
seen  at  exhibitions.  It  is  interesting,  however,  to 
note  the  progress  made  in  the  colony  in  the  cultiva- 
tion and  preparation  of  several  important  products. 
Tea,  for  inslance,  makes  a  very  good  show,  both  in 
the  number  of  exhibitors  and  the  appearance  of  the 
article  itself.  From  the  official  catalogue  of  the  Natal 
contributions.  Tea  is  described  as  one  of  the  most  re- 
cently introduced  articles  of  export.  In  the  season 
1881-82  the  first  500  lb  of  Tea  grown  in  Natal  from 
seed  were  produced  and  placed  in  the  market.  At  the 
present  time  there  are  under  Tea  cultivation  in  Natal 
"  282  acres  in  Victoria  County,  20  acres  in  Durban 
County,  70  acres  in  the  Lower  Umzimkulu  division, 
and  about  200  additional  acres  are  in  preparation. 
The  yield  per  acre  has  been  exceedingly  large,  amount- 
ing in  three  years  to  200  lb.  of  dry  Tea  ;  in  four 
to  400  lb.  ;  in  five  to  600  lb.  j  in  six  to 
800  lb."  The  first  fruit  of  this  new  industry  is 
furnished  in  the  samples  exhibited.  The  value  of  Tea 
exported  from  Natal  in  18S3  was  returned  as/'i499. 

Amongst  fruits,  besides  Peaches,  Apples  and 
similar  well-known  products,  are  samples  of  the 
Amatungulu  or  Natal  Plum  (Carissa  [Arduina]  grandi- 
flora),  an  Apocyneous  shrub  with  large  spines.  The 
fruit  when  fully  ripe  has  a  pleasant  refreshing  flavour. 
This  and  the  Cape  Gooseberry  (Physalis  peruviana) 
are  probably  the  two  best  fruits  of  the  colony.  The 
latter  is  staled  to  be  "  constantly  seen  in  great  abund- 
ance on  the  table  of  the  South  African  steamships." 
Both  the  Amatungulu  and  the  Cape  Gooseberry 
make  excellent  preserves.  The  yellow  or  St.  Helena 
Peach  is  described  as  being  so  abundant  in  the 
orchards  of  the  Dutch  farms  that  it  is  often  used  for 
feeding  pigs,  and  the  ground  under  the  trees  of 
deserted  orchards  sometimes  becomes  paved  with  the 
stones  of  the  fallen  fruit. 

Amongst  tanning  materials  the  two  least  known, 
but  at  the  same  time  interesting  substances,  are  lotol- 
wana  bark  and  root  of  Elephantorrhiza  Burchellii, 
and  Umgwenga  bark  (Harpophyllum  caffrum).  The 
former  has  attracted  some  attention  of  late  on  account 
of  the  high  percentage  of  tannin  it  is  said  to  contain. 

West  African  Settlements. 

The  exhibits  from  Sierra  Leone,  Gambia,  Lagos, 
and  the  Gold  Coast  are  extremely  numerous,  and 
very  varied.  Here  are  fine  large  samples  of  Benne 
seeds  (Sesamum  indicum),  Guinea  grains  (Amomum 
melagueta),  Physic  nuts  (Jatropha  curcas).  Palm 
nuts  (Elais  guineensis),  and  other  well  known  African 
produce.  Under  the  name  of  Corkwood  nuts  are 
showns  the  kernels  of  what  appears  to  be  a  species 
of  Aleurites — heated  and  pressed  they  are  said  to 
give  an  oil  equal  to  Olive  oil. 

From  Lagos  are  many  interesting  though  to  out- 
ward appearance  unattractive  exhibits  of  natural 
produce,  including  some  very  fine  masses  of  crude 
native  indigo,  and  some  remarkable  candles,  con- 
sisting of  from  ten  to  twelve  seeds  about  the  size  of  a 
Hazel  nut  strung  on  a  piece  of  the  petiole  of  a  Palm. 
The  seeds  ate  called  Vatach  seeds,  but  we  ate  unable 


to  identify  them  botanically.  Each  one  of  these 
curious  candles  is  said  to  give  an  uninterrupted  light 
for  one  and  a  half  hours.  Some  very  fine  balls  of 
indiarubber  are  exhibited  from  the  Gold  Coast,  as 
well  as  some  large  masses  of  an  opaque  fossil  gum, 
labelled  "  Gum  Copal,  from  the  interior,"  which  we 
do  not  temembet  to  have  seen  before  ;  Kola  nuts 
(Cola  acuminata),  and  Tiger  nuts  (Cyperus  esculentus), 
are  also  shown. 

Ceylon. 

From  all  points  of  view  the  collection  from  Ceylon 
is  one  of  great  interest.  Tea,  as  might  be  supposed, 
occupies  a  prominent  position,  numerous  samples 
being  exhibited,  some  apparently  of  excellent 
quality.  The  preparation  of  Tea  for  the  market  is  well 
illustrated  by  a  series  of  photographs.  In  the  course  of 
ten  years  the  Tea  industry  has  marvelously  increased 
in  Ceylon.  In  1876,  282  lb.  only  were  exported, 
and  in  18S5  it  had  reached  3,796,684  lb.— this 
increase  being  the  result  of  a  high  quality  Tea,  the 
distinguishing  chatactets  of  which  ate  desctibed  as 
richness  of  flavour  combined  with  strength — "the 
results  of  most  careful  cultivation  and  systematic 
attention  to  every  detail  of  manulacture."  In  the 
excellent  'Illustrated  Handbook  and  Catalogue  for 
Ceylon,  which  has  recently  been  published,  it  is 
said  that  "  On  a  Ceylon  Tea  estate  the  leaf  is  never 
allowed  to  be  handled  from  the  moment  it  passes 
into  the  factory  to  the  time  it  is  bulked  in  a  huge 
heap  preparatory  to  packing  in  chests  ;  every  stage  in 
the  delicate  operation  is  passed  automatically,  and 
thus  the  most  rigorous  cleanliness  and  freedom  from 
possible  taint  is  secured." 

Amongst  spices.  Cinnamon  takes  the  most  pro- 
minent place.  Magnificent  bundles  of  this  bark  are 
shown,  together  with  chips  and  clippings.  These 
chips,  it  seems,  are  largely  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
Thorley's  cattle  food,  as  well  as  in  perfumery,  and  in 
the  distillation  of  Cinnamon  oil,  a  good  deal  of  which 
is  also  made  in  the  island.  Jaggery,  which  is  a  coarse 
description  of  sugar  obtained  chiefly  from  the  Palmyra 
Palm  (Borassus  flabelliformis),  was  exported  from  the 
northern  province  of  the  island  during  the  past  year 
to  the  extent  of  nearly  7000  cwt.,  valued  at  £2000. 
Besides  this  large  consumption  of  Jaggery  in  Ceylon, 
the  trade  might  be  made  one  of  great  importance,  as 
there  is  at  piesent  an  active  demand  from  Europe. 

Under  dyes  and  dye  stufli  we  find  Jack-wood,  the 
wood  of  Artocarpus  integrifolia,  which,  it  is  said, 
"dyes  an  extremely  useful  yellow,  and  is  used  by 
the  natives  for  dyeing  house  mats,  fibres  for  orna- 
ment, as  well  as  for  giving  to  cotton  and  silk  cloths 
the  peculiar  pale  canary  colour  which  is  required 
for  the  robes  of  the  Buddist  priesthood.  It  is  not 
exported." 

Of  Anatto,  of  which  there  are  some  fine  examples, 
both  of  seeds  and  paste,  the  Handbook  says  :  — "  This 
useful  and  rather  delicate  orange  red  dye  is  obtained 
from  the  pulp  surrounding  the  seeds  of  Bixa  orellana. 
This  dye  is  largely  used  in  Europe  and  India  in  dyeing 
silks  and  also  for  colouring  cheese  aud  other  articles. 
The  pulpy  matter  is  separated  fiom  the  seeds  by  boil- 
ing, and  when  dried  pressed  into  cakes  and  shipped. 
It  is  imported  into  England  chiefly  from  French 
Guiana,  where  it  is  native ;  but  the  plant  is  an 
ancient  introduction  to  Ceylon  and  is  now  semi-wild. 

Besides  a  large  collection  of  small  wood  specimens, 
of  which  there  is  published  an  excellent  list,  there  ate 
some  remarkably  fine  examples  of  the  choicer  cabinet 
woods  such  as  Calamander,  Tamarind,  Satinwood, 
&c.  Of  the  first  of  these,  obtained  from  Diospyros 
quercita,it  is  unsatisfactory  to  know  that  it  is  becoming 
extremely  scarce.  The  tree  is  o  slow  growth  and 
the  foiests  in  the  south  of  Ceylon  are  now  denuded 
of  all  their  Calamander  trees  of  a  size  suitable  for 
furnishing  cabinet  wood.  Of  Satinwood  the  pro- 
duce of  Chloroxylon  Swietenia  we  also  learn  from 
the  Handbook  that  the  "trees  are  common  enough 
in  the  northern,  eastern,  and  notth-westetn  fotests, 
but  the  pioportion  of  these  which  yield  '  flowered 
Satinwood '  is  very  small,  and  this  description  of 
wood  is  therefore  comparatively  high  in  price. ) 
One  would  not  think  there  was  any  scarcity  in 
Satinwood  when  one  sees  such  elaborate  show-cases 
made  of  it  in  which  the  Ceylon  Teas  ate  exhibited, 
and  the  use  to  which  it  seems  to  be  put  in  Ceylon  for 
carriage  building. 

The  Ceylon  court  is  well  arranged,  and  the  Hand- 
book and  Catalogue  is  one  of  the  best  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion Series.  John  R.  Jackson,  Curator,  Museums, 
Royal  Gardens,  Keiv. 


154 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  31,  1886. 


FUCHSIAS     AT    CHISWICK. 

A  GRAND  collection  of  these  plants  (indeed,  impart- 
ing quite  a  feature  to  the  old  garden)  is  now  on  view 
in  the  Paxton  house  at  Chiswick.  Paxton  and 
Chiswick  I  what  magic  is  contained  in  these  words. 
Paxton,  he  who  has  been  well  and  truly  styled  "  the 
Prince  of  Gardeners  "—what  lustre  the  name  sheds, 
and  will  shed,  upon  old  Chiswick— the  cradle  of 
his  reputation,  for  it  was  here  that  he  began  that 
career  which  reflected  so  much  credit  on  gardeners. 
But  to  our  task— which  must,  on  account  of  our 
limited  space,  be  a  very  brief  one,  singling  out  only 
some  of  the  more  striking  sorts. 

To  begin,  then,  with  Madame  Thibaut,  a  grand 
variety,  one  of  Lemoine's  seedlings,  introduced  to 
commerce  about  two  years  ago  ;  red  lube  and 
sepals,  vermilion  corolla.  Flowers  produced  in  large 
trusses  at  the  extreme  points  of  the  shoots ;  a 
decided  .acquisition.  Dr.  Sankey  is  also  a  some- 
what new  variety,  similar  in  colour  to  the  preceding, 
but  distinct ;  very  free  flowered.  Harry  Brooks,  red 
tube  and  sepals,  corolla  purple ;  fine  habit.  Rose 
of  Denmark,  white  tube  and  sepals  ;  pink  corolla, 
strong  grower.  Sedan,  self-coloured  flower,  beautiful 
habit  and  free  bloomer.  Monarch  is  also  another  good 
single  self,  very  free  and  fine.  Mr.  Mein,  tube  and 
sepals  scarlet,  white  corolla;  good.  Desideratum, 
scarlet  tube  and  sepals,  bright  blue  corolla.  Aurora 
superba,  salmon  tube,  and  sepals  tinged  with  yellow  ; 
free  bloomer.  Earl  of  Beaconsfield,  orange-yellow 
flowers,  not  handsome,  but  produced  in  large  clusters. 
Mr.  King,  scarlet  tube  and  sepals,  purple  corolla  ;  fine 
habit.  Berliner  Kind,  tube  and  sepals  scarlet,  white 
corolla  ;  very  fine  habit.  Pendulaeflora,  a  robust  and 
distinct  variety,  the  leaves  and  tubes  are  from  3  to  4 
inches  long,  flowers  crimson. 

Amongst  single  light  varieties  the  old  but  still  good 
Rose  of  Castille  well  maintains  its  position. 

In  doubles  note  was  made  of  the  following :  — 
Avalanche,  scarlet  tubes  and  sepals,  dark  purple 
corolla,  very  fine,  good  habit ;  one  of  the  best,  although 
not  one  of  the  newest  sorts.  Little  Alice,  tube  and 
sepals  scarlet,  corolla  white  ;  neat  both  in  bloom  and 
habit.  One  of  the  best  probably  in  the  double  whites 
is  Elizabeth  Marshall,  a  very  free  flowering 
variety  ;  Nellie  Morton  is  also  an  acquisition  in  this 
class. 

We  have  not  mentioned  a  tithe  of  the  good  things 
to  be  seen  now  in  the  Fuchsia  way  at  Chiswick,  but 
probably  enough  has  been  said  to  recommend  such 
plants,  did  they  need  such  recommendation,  as  useful 
subjects  for  the  decoration  of  the  greenhouse  or 
conservatory,  their  charming  pendulous,  variously 
coloured  blossoms  giving  an  added  grace  to  the 
wealth  of  healthy  green  foliage  with  which  they  are 
clothed.  B. 


Variorum. 

Phenological  Observations  in  Sweden. — 
R.  Ilult  has  discussed  the  mass  of  phenological 
observations  accumulated  for  the  last  ten  years 
in  Sweden.  157  stations  have  afforded  about 
150,000  observations.  The  previous  labours  of  the 
French  botanist,  Adanson,  had  shown  that  the 
development  of  the  buds  is  determined  by  the  sum 
of  the  daily  mean  temperatures  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year.  Boussingault  had,  however,  shown 
that  the  temperature  during  the  period  o(  rest  from 
growth  need  not  be  taken  into  consideration,  and  that 
the  length  of  the  growing  period  is  therefore  inversely 
proportional  to  its  mean  temperature.  Linsser  con- 
cluded that  the  sums  of  the  temperatures  abo\?fe  zero 
which  are  necessary  to  effect  development  of  a  plant 
at  any  two  localities  are  in  direct  ratio  to  the  sums  of 
all  temperatures  at  both  stations  above  zero, 
J.  Sachs,  the  ablest  botanical  physiologist  of  the  pre- 
sent time,  has  studied  the  subject  from  an  entirely 
different  side.  He  has  by  direct  experiment  with 
different  plants  determined  the  influence  of  tempera- 
ture on  the  development  and  growth,  and  found  that 
for  each  arrangement  of  external  conditions  about  any 
plant  there  is  a  minimum,  a  best,  and  a  maximum 
temperature.  That  is  to  say,  a  certain  amount  of 
heat  is  necessary,  namely,  the  temperature  minimum; 
an  increase  of  temperature  accelerates  the  develop- 
ment up  to  a  certain  limit,  which  is  the  best  tempera- 
ture ;  every  increase  above  this  retards  the  develop- 
ment up  to  a  certain  limit,  which  is  the  maximum 
possible,  beyond  which  the  growth  of  the  plant  must 


cease.  The  results  attained  by  Hult  do  not  entirely 
agree  with  any  of  the  preceding.  He  finds  that  the 
precipitation  in  Sweden  is  nowhere  so  slight  that 
vegetation  is  regularly  restricted,  nowhere  so  great 
that  the  blossoming  or  leafing  is  disturbed,  but  the 
ripening  of  the  fruit  occurs  at  the  season  of  greatest 
rainfall,  and  this  stage  of  plant  growth  is  atiected  by 
the  rain.  The  blossoming  of  any  plant  throughout 
the  whole  of  Sweden  occurs  at  the  same  temperature, 
but  when  we  pass  to  Lapland  and  Jempland,  the  very 
rapid  progress  of  the  spring  temperature  cannot  be 
followed  by  the  plant,  and  the  blossoming  occurs 
subsequent  to  the  occurrence  of  the  normal  tempera- 
ture. Journal  of  the  Austrian  Meteorological  Society, 
xix.,  p.  139, 

Cinchona  Cultivation  in  Ceylon. — Perhaps 
the  most  successful  piece  of  Cinchona  cultivation  in 
Ceylon  of  its  age  and  extent  is  found  in  a  well-known 
plantation  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Nuwara  Eliya, 
and  some  particulars  we  have  learned  of  the  same 
may  be  of  interest.  The  area  under  Cinchona  is 
about  90  acres,  trees  five  to  seven  years  of  age,  about 
3000  trees  to  the  acre.  Since  1878  there  have  been 
gathered  about  10^,000  lb.  of  good  bark,  and 
72,000  lb.  of  branch  and  dust.  The  total  outlay  is 
good  bark  selling  up  to  2s.  a  pound,  and  the  branch 
and  inferior  for  a  good  few  cents  locally,  it  may  be 
judged  that  theinvestmentisa  veryprofitable one, more 
probably  not  over  70,000  rupees,  so  with  much  of  the 
particularly  since  the  estate  still  looks,  with  perhaps 
250,000  trees,  as  if  it  had  never  been  cropped,  and  it 
cannot  be  worth  less  as  it  stands  than  ^10,000  ster- 
ling. The  great  success  of  this  plantation  is,  how- 
ever, specially  exceptional,  standing  out  in  bold 
relief  to  many  disappointments. 

Citron. — In  recent  Consular  reports  appear  inter- 
esting  accounts   of    this    well-known    ingredient    of 
plum-puddings  and  wedding-cakes.     Leghorn  Citron 
is  what  it  is  usually  termed,  but  little  or  none  of  the 
article  is  grown  there,  Sicily  and  Corsica  furnishing 
the  supply  of  the  new   fruit.     The  Citron  tree  is  of 
the  Citrus  variety,   and  is  as  near  like  Lemon  as  it 
can  well  be.     It  is  propagated  principally  from  cut- 
tings, and  flourishes  near  the  sea  in  sheltered  positions 
and   in  warm  and  sandy  soil.     The  tree  resembles 
somewhat  an  overgrown  bush,  and   as  the    Citrons 
often  weigh  from  6  to  8  lb.  each,  the  branches  of  the 
tree  must  be  supported  by  props.     The  trees  are  sub- 
ject  to   peculiar    constitutional    diseases   which   kill 
without  mercy.     As  the  profit  of  the  grower  depends 
largely  upon  his  favourable  situation,  &c.,  it  is  hard 
to  make  even  a  rough  estimate  of  the  business.     Sup- 
posing the  trees  to  be  planted   3  yards  apart,   and 
allowing  fourteen  Citrons  to  each  shrub,  the  average 
weight  of  the  fruit  per  acre  would  be  9346  lb.      The 
price  of  this  fruit  in  Leghorn  is  about  6  cents  pet 
pound,  but  from  this  must  be  deducted  cost  of  casks  in 
which  fruit  is  shipped,  3  dols. ;  cost  of  cutting  and  pack- 
ing the  fruit,  2  dols.  pet  cask  ;  general  expenses  of 
Citron   farm   estimated   at   68  dols.   pet  acre.     The 
Corsican   or  Sicilian  grower  packs  the  fruit  cut  in 
halves,  in  casks  with  brine,  and  ships  to  Leghorn, 
where  are  nine  factories  for  candying  Citron,  employ- 
ing 300  men.     On  arrival  there  in  these  casks  the 
fruit  looks  like  huge  Lemons  with  tremendously  thick 
rinds  and  little  substance  inside.     They  remain  in 
pickle  some  thirty  days,  and  are    tough  and  bitter. 
They  ate  then  boiled  in  ftesh  watet  till  soft,  cut  into 
quarters,  and  all  the  seeds  carefully  removed.     They 
are  then  placed  in  jars  with  hot  syrup,  and  for  about 
three   weeks  the   proportion   of  syrup  is  constantly 
increased  until  no  more  sugar  can  be  absorbed.     The 
proportion  is  80  per  cent,  of  sugar  to  100  per  cent,  of 
fruit.     The  quartets  are  then  placed  on  wite-netting 
to   dry,    and   when   ready  are   packed  in   the  small 
wooden  boxes  so  familiar  to  us.     Citron,  in  short, 
may   be   described    roughly  as    the  thick   peel   of  a 
species  of  Lemon,  pickled  to  extract  its  bitter  flavour 
and  absorb  the  oil,  boiled  to  make   it  tender,  and 
saturated  with  sugar  to  make  it  palatable.     As  with 
other  articles  of  commerce,  so  it  is  complained  that 
the  prices  of  Citron  are  largely  regulated  by  specula- 
tion, varying  from  19  cents  to  12  cents  per  pound  at 
Leghorn.      A   curious   fact   is   that    more    Citron  is 
imported  into  Italy  than  exported   from  it,  the  pro- 
portion for  the  last  three  years  being  as  ten  to  one. 
The  soil  of  Cuba  is  eminently  adapted  for  the  Cition 
shiub  ;   but   few   tiees  are,  however,  grown   there, 
everything  being  abandoned   for   the  staple  crop — 
Sugar-cane.      It  seems  so  hard  for  communities  to 
leatn  the  lesson  of  diveisified  ctops  ;  all  Sugat-cane, 


all  Cotton,  ot  all  Wheat  apparently  must  be  ex- 
pected, Cuba,  Mexico,  and  California  offer  advan- 
tages in  the  culture  of  Citrus  fruits,  and  are  only 
awaiting  enterprise  to  develope  these  profitable  pur- 
suits, American  Grocer. 

Pansies,  —  These  flowers  are  always  acceptable, 
and  their  enforced  departure  from  most  south  country 
gardens  during  the  warmer  months  of  the  year  is 
generally  a  matter  of  regret.  It  seems  that  there  are 
some  situations — probably  on  cool  clay  soils,  or  in 
shady  vales  in  the  home  counties,  where  these  flowers 
can  be  well  flowered  in  July,  as  was  evident  from  a 
sample  sent  to  our  office  recently  by  Messrs.  Collins 
Brothers  &  Gabriel,  Plant  Merchants  and  Seedsmen, 
39,  Waterloo  Road,  South  London.  There  were 
altogether  eighteen  varieties  by  name,  the  colours 
being  red-purple,  blue-purple,  lilac-purple  and  white, 
creamy-white,  yellow  and  white,  some  of  the  flowers 
being  very  nicely  fragrant,  as  Lady  Polworth  elegans, 
Atdwell  Gem  and  Brilliant,  and  all  were  desirable  fot 
beds,  botdets,  and  as  edgings  to  othet  plants  in  beds. 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDO^ 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  July  28,  1886. 


Hygrome. 
trical    De- 

Q 

Barometer. 

Temperature  of 

THE  AlE. 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

Wind. 

0 

1 

z 

S 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 
32°  Fahr. 
Departure  from 
Average  ot 
18  years. 

1 

I 

i 

2  °SJ! 

11 

"•2 

July 

In.    1    In. 

. 

. 

^ 

, 

^ 

In. 

22 

29.66  — O.I2  75-9J58.0 

.7.9 

653 

-1-  3-0 

S3  9 

6S 

S.S.E. 

0.00 

=3 

29  «  1—0.2867.5 

575 

lO.O 

60.6 

-t.6 

58.2 

92 

S. 

0.08 

2< 

29.47 

—0.3070.2 

57.0 

■3.» 

62.6 

4-  0.4 

S3 -3 

H 

w.  sw.|°-'° 

=5 

2941 

-03669.1 

52.0 

17.1 

60.2 

-2.0 

596 

98i 

s.s:w.  i''"s 

25 

29.31  —0.4668.853.5 

t53;6o.7 

—  ■•5S>-9 

73 

W.  S.W0.75 

27 

29.63  — 0.13  6J.4  53.8]  6.65s  5 

-  6.746.6 

73 

W.NW.  0.03 

28 

2993   +0.1763.245  7  ■7.554.0 

-  8.244.3 

70 

WNW.  0.00 

Mean 

39  56  — o.ai  67.053,9  14.0  59.8 

-  2.4  53.5 

79 

variable  1.14 

July  22. —  Fine  bright  day  ;  btrong  wind. 

—  23.— Dull  day  ;  rain  from  4  P.M. 

—  24. — Dull  in  early  morning  ;  fine  and  bright  generally. 

—  25. — Rain  in  early  morning  ;  dull  day. 

—  26. — Heavy  rain  in  early  morning  :    finer  from  9   A.M.; 

fine  and  bright  generally. 

—  27. — Dull  day. 

—  28. — Fine  and  bright  in  early  morning  ;  fine  but  dull 

London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  24,  the  teading  of  the  batometet  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  29.99  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29.76  inches  by  5  P.M. 
on  the  i8th,  increased  to  29.S1  inches  by  i  p.m, 
on  the  19th,  decreased  to  29.79  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
the  same  day,  increased  to  30.07  inches  by  I  P.M.  on 
the  20th,  decreased  to  29.80  inches  by  5  P.M,  on 
the  2ist,  increased  to  29.86  inches  by  9  AM.  on  the 
22d,  decreased  to  29.60  inches  by  9  A.M.  on  the  24th, 
and  was  29.69  inches  by  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  batometet  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29. 82  inches,  being  0.06 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.  l6  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  84*  on  the  21st ;  on  the  23d 
the  highest  was  G7°.5.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  74°. 8, 

The  lowest  temperature  was  52**,  on  the  20th, 
on  the  22d,  the  lowest  was  58°,  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  56°.!, 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
27".,  on  the  2Ist  ;  on  the  23d  the  smallest  was  10°, 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  i8°.7. 

The  mean  temperatures  were,  on  the  l8lh,  67''.5  ; 
on  the  19th,  63°.!  ;  on  the  20th,  62°.6  ;  on  the  2 1st, 
70°. 9  ;  on  the  22d,  65°.3  ;  on  the  23d,  6o^6  ;  and 
on  the  24th,  62°. 6  ;  and  these  were  all  above  their 
averages  (excepting  the  23d,  which  was  i°.6  below) 
by  4°, 9,  0°.6,  o°.2,  8°,5,  3°,o,  and  o°.4  respectively. 


July  31,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


155 


The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  64°.  7, 
being  5°  higher  than  last  week,  and  2°.  3  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rajs  of  the  sun, 
was  I4i°.5  on  the  2ist,  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  I24°.9- 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  four  days  to  the  amount  of 
0,58  inch. 

England  :  7e«/«?-a/««.— During  the  week  end- 
ing July  24,  the  highest  temperatures  were  S5°,6  at 
Cambridge,  84°  at  Blackheath,  80°  at  Leeds  ;  the 
highest  at  Tiuro  and  Plymouth  was  72°,  at  Liverpool 
and  Preston  75°.     The  general  mean  was  77°-4- 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  45"  at  Truro,  48° 
at  Sheffield,  49°  at  Wolverhampton,  ;  the  lowest 
at  Plymouth  was  56°.  2,  at  Newcastle,  56°,  at 
Nottingham,  55°. I.     The  general  mean  was  52°.9. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  32°.!,  at 
Blackheath,  32°,  at  Sheffield,  30°;  the  least  ranges 
were  I5°.S  at  Plymouth,  20°  at  Preston  and  New- 
castle, 2i°.2  at  Bradford.   The  general  mean  was  24°. 5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  78°,  at  Leeds,  76°.2,  at  Black- 
heath, 74°.8  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Plymouth,  68°,3, 
at  Liverpool,  6S°.9.  and  at  Truro,  69°. 6.  The 
general  mean  was  71°.  9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth,  5S°.7,  at  Preston  58°.!,  at 
Brighton  57°-9  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Sheffield,  5°°'> 
at  Wolverhampton  52°.4,  and  at  Liverpool  55°.4- 
The  general  mean  was  56".  I. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Sheffield, 
23°.3,  at  Cambridge  22°.2,  at  Leeds  19°.;  and  was 
least  at  Plymoulh  9°.6,  at  Newcastle  I2°.8,  and  at 
Preston  1 3°.  2.     The  general  mean  was  I5°.S. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Cambridge, 
65°.,  at  Leeds  64°.S,  at  Blackheath  64°.7  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Liverpool  5S°.S,  at  Wolverhampton  59°.7, 
at  Sheffield  sg'.g.     The  general  mean  was  62°. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  2.0S  inches  at  Preston, 
2.00  inches  at  Truro,  1.40  inch  at  Nottingham  ;  and 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.50  inch  at  Newcastle,  0.56 
inch  at  Bradford,  and  0.5S  inch  at  Blackheath  and 
Leeds.     The  general  mean  fall  was  i.oS  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing July  24,  the  highest  temperature  was  75°. 6,  at 
Paisley,  at  Aberdeen  the  highest  was  72°.  The 
general  mean  was  74°.  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  47°,  at 
Aberdeen  ;  at  Edinburgh  the  lowest  temperature  was 
53".     The  general  mean  was  50°.  9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh, 
62°.5,  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen  sS°.4.  The  general 
mean  was  60°.  8. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  2.60  inches  at  Dundee, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.71  inch  at  Paisley. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  1.30  inch. 

TAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


"  Scotland,  W.,"  and  "  England,  N.W.,"  and  to  44 

in  "  England,  E." 

Depressions  observed.— Ttmm?,  the  whole  of  this 
period  large  and  rather  deep  depressions  skirted  our 
extreme  west  and  north-west  coasts,  while  some 
smaller  but  well  defined  disturbances  appeared  over 
our  Islands  and  the  North  Sea.  Of  the  latter  class 
the  first  was  moving  northwards  over  the  North  Sea, 
and  dispersing  as  the  period  commenced.  The  second 
passed  from  the  westward  over  our  more  southern 
counties  on  the  23d,  and  subsequently  moved  north- 
wards to  Scandinavia,  while  a  third  travelled  east- 
wards across  Ireland  and  the  north  of  England  during 
the  nights  of  25th,  26th.  The  general  currents  of 
wind  were  southerly  to  south-westerly,  and  moderate 
to  fresh  in  force,  but  at  our  westerly  stations  it  blew 
strongly  at  times,  attaining  the  force  of  a  gale  between 
the  20th  and  22d.  At  the  end  of  the  week  northerly 
and  north-easterly  breezes  had  appeared  in  all  the 
more  northern  and  western  parts  of  the  Kingdom  and 
in  some  places  blew  freshly  or  strongly. 


^nquirifs. 


"  Ht  thai  qutstiotuth  much  shull  Icam  »«iiM."— BicoN. 

Carnations  and  Picoiees  as  Town  Plants  are 
said  to  thrive  relatively  with  impunity  in  a  smoky  atmo- 
sphere—the atmosphere,  that  is,  of  towns.  There  is  a 
reason,  doubtlessly,  for  this  in  Nature— will  the  Editor 
of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  supply  it  ?  A  Sexagenarian 
Florist.  [We  beUeve  one  reason  to  be  that,  speaking 
broadly,  the  leaves  are  alike  in  structure  on  both  sur- 
faces, whence  it  results  that,  unlike  most  leaves, 
they  have  a  double  breathing  apparatus  and  a  double 
digestive  arrangement.  Moreover,  the  leaves  are  narrow, 
stand  more  or  less  erect,  and  afford  relatively  little 
lodgment  for  impurities,  which  are  soon  washed  off  by 
rain.  Ed.1 

Pkitzel's  Index.— Can  you  tell  me  if  a  new  edition 
or  a  supplement  to  Prilzel's  Iconum  Botanicarum  Index 
has  been  published  ?  My  copy  with  a  supplement  goes 
to  the  end  of  1865,  and  bears  the  date  of  r866.  [Nothing 
further  has  been  published.]  It  is  a  very  uselul  book, 
though  entirely  devoid  of  critical  worth.  To  make  use 
of  it  one  must  know  the  superannuated  names  of  Linnean 
nomenclature.  Besides,  it  ignores  such  widely-known 
publications  as  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  although  full  of 
figures  of  new  or  little  known  plants  [containing,  indeed, 
a  larger  number  of  authentic  figures  than  any  other 
pubUcation  except  the  Botanical  Magaxine].    V. 

Saltpetre  in  the  Soil. — I  am  anxious  to  have 
your  opinion  upon  the  subject  of  rectifying  an  undue 
amount  of  salt,  or  saltpetre  in  water.  I  am  engaged  to 
superintend  a  number  ol  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in 
the  midland  (or  Karoo)  district  of  South  Africa.  We 
have  a  good  supply  of  water,  but  it  is  very  salt,  or 
brackish.  We  have  a  soft-water  tank,  but  this  will  not 
supply  our  conservatory  during  seasons  of  prolonged 
drought.  Can  you  or  any  of  your  readers  suggest  a 
simple  and  inexpensive  method  of  remedying  this  ?  I 
may  mention  that  fruit  trees,  vegetables,  and  flowers 
grown  on  land  irrigated  with  this  water  thrive  remark- 
ably well,  only  pot-plants  seem  to  (eel  the  ill-effects  of  it. 
Henry  Fairey. 


Scolopendrium  vulgare  ;  J,  a  variety  of  Aspidium 
aculeatum  ;  6,  Gymnogramma,  species  not  known. 
—J.  H.  T.  Carpinus  betulus.— £.  T.  Mesembry- 
anthemum  edule.— y.  D.  Dipladenia  Brearleyana. — 
H.  J.  C.  I,  LoUum  perenne  ;  2,  not  recognised  ;  3, 
Bromus  asper  ;  4,  Festuca  elatior  ;  s.  Calamagrostis 
lanceolata  ;  6,  Agroslis  vulgaris.  —  H.  H.  C.  I, 
Epipactis  latifolia  ;  2,  Spira;a  Douglasii  ;  3  and  4 
both  forms  of  Agrostis  vulgaris.— 7.  R.  Calycanthus 
occidentalis. — E.  V.  B.  Orobanche  minor.^Ci>//;ar 
Brothers  b"  Gabriel.  A  species  of  Helianthus  which 
we  are  unable  to  name.  This  plant  is  growing  at 
Kew,  and  we  have  tried  to  name  it  more  than  once, 
but  without  success  ;  it  may  be  a  hybrid.  A^.  E,  B. — 
G.  W.  B.  I,  Valeriana  offioinaUs  ;  2,  Sidalcea  ore- 
gana;  3,  Calaminthagrandillora;  4.  Veronica dentata ; 

5.  Lamium  maculatum  ;  6,  Ornithogalum  narbonense. 
—P.  I.  I,  Luzula  albida  (will  you  kindly  say  if  this 
was  found  wild,  and  where?)  ;  2,  Carex  remota  ;  3, 
Carex  sylvatica  ;  4.  Vicia  sepium  ;  5,  Vicia  sylvatica  ; 

6,  Nasturtium  palustre.— C.  M.  O.  Aster  Vahlii  ; 
Olearia  stellulata  ;  Veronica  Kirkii  (a  form  of  V.  sali- 
cifoha)  ;  Berberis  Neuberti  x— A',  j.  W.  Anthemis 
linctoria. — J.  W,  TrifoUum  pannonicum. — E.  H. 
I,  Eriophorum  vaginatum  ;  2,  a  variety  of  Potentilla. 
—  Bruce.  r,  Thaliclrum  aquilegifolium  ?;  2,  Cen- 
taurea  raacrocephala  ;  3,  Gahum  verum ;  4,  Malva 
sp.  ;  5,  Veronica  spicata  ;  6,  Spircea  filipendula 
(double  flowered  variety)  ;  7,  Salvia  pratensis  ;  8, 
Campanula,  medium  double,  white  var.- 7.  W.  O. 
Epidendrum  selligerum. — G.  D.  Saxifraga  sarmentosa, 
with  runners ;  Veratrum  nigrum,  broad  leaf,  dark 
flowers  ;  Rivina  humilis,  with  red  berries  ;  and  Cam- 
panula urticifoUa. 

Peak  Shoots  Disfigured  and  Dead  ;  Albert  Ed- 
wards. Caused  by  the  sun  shining  on  the  shoots 
when  wet.  No  fungus.  The  lower  leaves  on  the 
shoots  looked  too  healthy  for  trees  having  anything 
wrong  at  the  roots. 

Roses  for  Market  and  Other  Kinds  :  X.  A 
Rose  grower's  catalogue  will  furnish  you  with  the 
names  of  the  newest  and  best.  Really  market  kinds 
are  but  few,  and  such  as  Si'nateur  Vaisse,  GfSnt5ral 
Jacqueminot,  Charles  Lefebvre,  and  Jules  Margottin 
are  much  used  ;  and  Niphetos,  Catherine  Mermet. 
Homfere,  Mad.  Falcot,  Mariichal  Niel,  Allan  Richard- 
son, Celine  Forrestier,  amongst  Teas  and  Noisettes. 

Wash  for  Roses  having  Greenfly  and  Red- 
Spider  :  A  Fifteen  Years'  Subscriber.  Water,  1  gal- 
lon ;  soft-soap,  4  oz.  ;  Quassia  chips,  4  oz.  Let  the 
chips  boil  ten  minutes  in  the  water,  adding  the  soap  as 
it  cools.  If  spider  be  abundant  2  oz.  of  flowers  of 
sulphur  can  be  mixed  as  a  thick  paste,  and  stirred 
into  the  above  mixture. 


Summary  ok  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  July  26,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. : — The  weather  has  been  in  an  unset- 
tled, changeable  condition,  with  frequent  falls  of  rain, 
and  occasional  thunder  and  lightening.  Towards  the 
end  of  the  period  the  rainfall  was  very  heavy  over 
England  and  the  N.  of  Ireland,  and  thunderstorms 
very  general. 

The  temperature  has  been  1°  or  2°  below  the  mean 
in  Ireland  and  the  W.  parts  of  England,  but  1°  above 
or  equal  to  the  normal  value  elsewhere.  The  highest 
of  the  maxima,  which  were  generally  recorded  on  the 
2Ist,  ranged  from  69°  in  "Ireland,  S.,"  to  74°  in 
"Scotland,  W.,"  and  to  between  Sl°  and  84°  over 
E.  Central,  and  S.  England.  The  lowest  of  the 
minima,  which  were  registered  on  difterent  dales  in 
the  various  districts,  ranged  from  43°  in  "  Ireland, 
S.,"  to  49°  in  "Scotland,  W.,"  and  to  54°  in  the 
"  Channel  Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  been  equal  to  the  mean  in  the  N. 
and  W.  of  Scotland,  but  more  in  all  other  parts  of 
the  kingdom.  In  most  districts  the  excess  was  large  ; 
in  "England,  N.E.,"  and  "England,  N.W.,"  the 
fall  exceeded  the  mean  by  1.7  inch. 

Bright  Sunshine  shows  a  further  decrease  in  most 
districts,  the  percentages  of  the  possible  amount. of 
duration  varied  from  16  in  "Ireland,  N.,"  to  27  io 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

%*  OuE  Telegraphic  h\ya^^s,s.—Uur  correspondents 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  our  Registered 
Telegraphic  Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London." 
Telegrams  (but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will 
reach  the  Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other 
address  beins  needed. 


Caladiums  :  G.  H.  We  cannot  name  your  leaves. 
You  will  do  better  to  send  them  to  one  of  the  nurseries 
that  make  a  specialty  of  these  plants. 

Cattleya  Eldorado  :  H.  J.  R.  Recent  large  impor- 
tations have  proved  this  plant  to  be  very  variable  in 
colour.  The  varieties  have  no  structural  difference, 
and  all,  including  the  plant  known  as  C.  WalUsii,  are 
varieties  only  of  C.  Eldorado.  So  far  as  the  names 
by  which  the  varieties  are  known  in  gardens  Mr. 
Wilhams  gives  the  best  information.  In  collections 
the  pale  form  such  as  that  you  sent  first  is  always  called 
"a  bad  Eldorado,"  which  correctly  describes  it.  The 
flower  sent  as  C.  quadricolor  is  a  C.  Eldorado. 

Correction.— In  last  week's  issue,  in  a  footnote  to 
"Tropical  Fruits,"  p.  r2i,  col.  c,  by  a  printers  error 
July  20  is  made  to  read  July  26. 

Insects  :  Camjee.  The  insects  are  females  of  one  of  the 
small  circular  flattened  species  of  scales  (Coccidffi), 
but  as  you  give  no  particulars  of  their  habits  or  of  the 
plants  they  infest,  we  can  give  no  advice  about  them 
beyond  washing  the  plants  with  soap-suds  and 
Gishurst,  or  hme-water.  /.  O.  IV. 

Names  of  Fruits  ;  E.  T.  Peaches  :  r,  Royal  George; 
2,  Walburton  Admirable.  Nectarine  ;  Violette  Halive. 
Grape  :  very  Uke  Royal  Muscadine,  but  cinnot  say  for 
certain  without  seeing  a  leaf  of  the  plant. 

Names  of  Plants  :  7".  B.  i,  Selaginella  denticulata  ; 
a,  Crassula  coccinea ;  3,  Asplenium    Marihum  ;    4', 


Communications  Receivbd.— Professor  Cornu,  Pans  (with 
thanks).— Lucien  Linden,  Ghent.  —  Alphon  e  De  Candolle, 
Geneva.-J.  V.  V,  Brussels. —W.  B.  H.  —  H.  J.  R., 
Florence  — F.  W.  B.,  Dublin.— Hansen  &  Larseo.— E.  S.  D. 
-Sutton  &  Sons.-R.  .\.  R—C.  W.  D.-W.  O.,  S.  W 
I.  W.  M.,  W.  B.,  W.  A.,  and  A.  W.  (too  late). -J.  B.— C.  W. 
(l,,o  hie  for  this  week).— W.  T.-F.  S.  &  Co.-R.  D.— H.  E. 
-W.  E.-J.  W. 


larhtts. 


COVENl    GARDEN,    Jtily  29. 
Market    depressed,    wiih    heavy    supplies,    James 
Webber^  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  cas 


Fruit. — ^Averagb  Wholesale  Pricks. 

s.  d.  s.  d.  I 

i/_,;^..^         "-^50  Melons,  each 

1-30  Peaches,  per  dozen... 

1-20  Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb. 


■.d. 


..   ,  „    J  _        -  St.  Michael, 

..18  0-36  o  1  Strawberries,  per  lb.  03-09 


Vegetables.— AVERAGK  Retail  Prices 
r.  d,  s.  d. 


Artichokes,  perdoz 
Asparagus,  Eng.,  100  2  o-  5  c 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb...  o  8-  .. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch..  06-.. 
Cauliflowers. perdoz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  6-  2  c 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  o  6-  i  c 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  i  o-  2  c 
Uerbs,  per  bunch  ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen..  10-16 
t,  green,    bunch  o  4- 


Mushrooms,  punnet  i  6-  2  f 
Mustardand Cress, do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  o-  4  > 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  . .  4  o-  5  < 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  40-51 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-0' 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-.. 
Sprue  Asparagus,  per 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  09-  .. 
Turnips,  bunch  . .  06-  . . 
Veget.  Mar.,  each..  06-.. 


Potatos  :  —  Jersey  best  Kidneys,  6^.  ",  do.  Rounds,  4s.  ;  Kent 
Kidneys,  5s.  to  6s.  ;  do.  Rounds,  4s.  per  cwt. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  < 
Bedding  Plants,  vari- 
ous, per  dozen  ..  I  < 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  » 
Bouvardias,  doz  . .  12  ( 
Calceolarias,  pei  doz.  4  < 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  1 
Dracxna  terminalis, 
per  dozen  . .  . .; 
—  viridis,  per  doz. .  j 
Ericas,  various,  doz.i 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  ..61 

Evergreens,  in  var,, 
•  perdo2ea;>   -cj.*.-6,< 
Ficus  elastica  each..  1  ( 
Ferns,  in  var.,  doz«a  4  < 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  dozen  ..  3  ' 
Hydrangeas,  doz.  ..  9  ■ 
Lilies,  invar.,  doz.  ..I a  y 
Lobelias,  per  dozen  3  < 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  . .  ..61 
Mignonette,  pprdoz.  4  < 
Musk,  per  dozen-  ..  a  < 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  1 
NasturttumSi  dozen  3  1 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  1 
Pelargoniums,  doz,  6  1 
.—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  < 
Petunias,  4ozen  ...a.c 
Rhodauthes, dozen ..  6  <. 


156 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


IJULY  31,    1886. 


Cut  Flowers. — Averach  Wholesale  Prices. 


Asters,  12  blooms  ..  < 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  ( 
Campanulas,  12  bun.  < 
Carnations,  12  bims.  i 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  1 
Daisies,  common,  12 

bunches     . .  . .    : 

Delphiiiiums,  12  bun.  ; 
£ucharis,  per  dozen  ; 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  ; 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Jasmine,  while,  bun.  c 
Lapageria,  red.  12  bl.  i 
Lihuin  candidum,  12 

blooms  ..  ..  ( 
Lilium    longiflorum. 


Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  ( 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  ( 
Pansies,  12  bundles  1  ( 
Pelargoniums,  per  iz 

—  scarlet,  1 2  trusses  o  ■ 
Pinks,  van,  12  bun.  2  \ 
Pyrethnlms,  12  bun.  2  c 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6  < 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o  c 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  z  ( 


t  spys. 


—  Moi 
Stephanotis, 

Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  1  I 
Sweet  Sultan,  izbun.  3  < 
Tropaeolums,  izbun,  r  i 
Tuberoses,  12  bIms..  o  . 


SEEDS. 


London:  'July  28.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.C.,  report  to-day's  seed 
market  poorly  attended,  with  hardly  any  transactions 
passing.  Cloverseeds  of  all  kinds,  as  might  be  expected, 
are  for  the  moment  neglected.  Higher  prices  for  white 
are  again  reported  from  Germany.  More  money  is 
asked  for  Trifolium  ;  new  English  samples  show  fair 
quality.  Samples  of  this  year's  Rapeseed,  Rye,  Tri- 
folium, and  also  of  French-Italian,  are  now  coming  to 
hand.  For  Canary  and  Hempseed  the  tendency  of  rates 
is  downwards.     Feeding  Linseed  keeps  firm. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane  :  July  26.— The  'Wheat  trade  to-day 
was  somewhat  disappointing.  East  India  Wheats  com- 
pared 6(/.  above  the  rates  of  Monday  last,  but  no  advance 
could  be  quoted  on  any  other  description.  The  demand 
for  flour  was  very  slack.  Barley  continues  to  arrive 
slowly,  and  is  taken  off  in  much  the  same  way,  prices 
ruling  firm.  With  prolonged  scarcity  Egyptian  Beans 
further  advanced  6t/.  per  quarter.  Peas  met  a  quiet 
demand  at  unaltered  value.  Heavy  Swedish  Oats  showed 
an  advance  ;  tlie  common  qualities  remained  dull. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  July  24  : 
— Wheat,  31  J.  3^.;  Barley,  231.  ()d.;  Oats,  20J.  71/.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  331.  iitf.  ; 
Barley,  29J. ;  Oats,  2ij.  8rf. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

COLUMBL!^  (East  London)  :  July  28.— Plentiful  sup- 
plies of  all  kinds,  trade  fair,  prices  lower.  Quotations  : 
—Red  Currants,  31.  to  y.  yl,  per  half  sieve  ;  black  Cur- 
rants, 35.  do.  ;  Cherries,  2J.  61/.  to  31.  61/.  do.  ;  Goose- 
berries (ripe),  3i.  do.  ;  Plums,  2J.  bd.  to  y.  61/.  do.  ; 
Strawberries,  3.1.  to  41.  per  peck  ;  Scarlet  Beans,  6s.  to 
7s.  per  sieve  ;  Peas,  51.  to  71.  per  sack  ;  Broad  Beans,  is. 
per  sieve  :  Cabbages,  5^-  to  bs.  kd.  per  tally  ;  bunch 
spring  Onions,  y.  to  4J.  6</.  per  dozen  ;  bunch  Turnips, 
2r.  to  2S.  bd.  do.  ;  bunch  Carrots,  21.  to  31.  do.  ;  bunch 
Parsley,  21.  to  2j.  bd.  do.  ;  bunch  Mint,  2j.  do. 

Stratford:    ya/v  27.— Supplies    have  been  good 

and  a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  following  prices  : 

Cabbages,  31.  to  c,s.  per  tally  ;  Turnips,  2s.  gd.  to  y.  per 
dozen  bunches  ;  Carrots,  household,  2s.  gd.  to  31.  do.  ; 
Greeu  Gages,  y.  bd.  to  41.  bd.  per  bo.\  :  Cherries,  white,' 
5^.  gd.  to  ys.  per  basket ;  do.  black,  y.  to  51.  do.  ; 
black  Currants,  2s.  bd.  to  y.  ^d.  do.  ;  do.  red,  is.  bd.  to 
3J.  do.  ;  Cucumbers,  M  to  ij.  ^d.  per  dozen  ;  green 
Peas,  y.  bd,  to  us.  per  bag  ;  Parsley.  31/.  per  dozen  ; 
Mint,  i\d.  per  bunch ;  Tomatos,  is.  to  is.  nd.  pel- 
dozen. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  July  27.  —  Supplies 
increase  with  the  advance  of  the  season,  and  prices  rule 
in  favour  of  the  consumer.  Quotations  :— Essex  kid- 
neys, bs.  to  is.  ;  Kent  Regents,  5^.  to  7s.  ;  Jersey  and 
French  kidneys,  5^.  to  js.\  Cherbourg  round,  3^.  bd. 
to  4J.  bd.  per  cwt. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  July  28.— Quotations  ■ 
—  Early  Rose,  45.  to  51.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  $'■  to 
$s.  bd.;  Jersey  kidneys,  bs.  to  bs.  bd.  ;  do.  rounds,  41. 
to  41.  bd.;  St.  Malo  kidneys,  y.  to  y.  bd.;  do.  rounds 
4r.  to  4J.  bd. ;  Cherbourg  kidneys,  bs.  ;  do,  rounds,  41! 
to  4J.  bd.  per  cwt. 

Stratford  :  July  27.— Quotations  :— Jersey,  51.  bd 
X.obs.  per  cwt. ;  do.  Rose,  70J.  to  Soj.;  Hebron,  aos  to 
loos,  per  ton. 

Imports,— The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  4293  packages  Cherbourg,  6308  Jersey,  40  sacks 
Boulogne,  486  boxes  624  cases  18  tons  from  Barfleur. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  July  27.— Trade  very  dull,  with 
large  supplies,  and  a  decidedly  drooping  tendency  in 
prices.  Quotations  :  —  Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  io8j  • 
inferior,  70s.  to  Zy.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  c,y.  ;  inferior,' 
45J.  to  65J.  ;    and  straw,  ibs.  to  371.  per  load. 

July  29.— There  was  a  large  supply  on  sale.  The 
trade  was  very  dull,  and  prices  were  easier  lor  hay. 

Stratford  :  July  27.  — Hay,  801.  to  100s.  ■  Clover 
90J.  to  iioj.  ;  and  straw.  30J.  to  36^.  per  load. 


Qovermnent  Stock. -Consols  closed  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and  Thursday,  at  toil  to  loii  for 
both  delivery  and  the  account. 


TO    SEEDSMEN,   FLORISTS,    &c. 

GEORGE  HARRISON, 

1S2,    DRURY   LANE,    LONDON,    W.C, 

Five 

BOUQUET        WIRE. 

WHITE  WIREon  Reel.s  IS.  3</.  perlb.   i  ,         ,     „ 

BLUE  WIRE,  on  Reels,  q'^d.  pef  lb.        i  ■•  "''^  '°  '"=  "'• 
BLUE  \VIRE,  for  Stalks,  4.'/^^.  per  lb.,  in  3j<  in.,  7-in.,  and 

10-in.  lengths. 
BRIGHT    WIRE,    for    Camellias.     iy,d.   per  lb      in   7-b 

lengths  ;  (30)  tlid.  per  lb.  /         r  .  /      • 

BLUE  WIRE,  in  Rings,  from  4t.  per  stone  of  14  lb. 

N.B.  No  less  than  3  lb.  packets  of  Reel  Wire,  or  61b.  packets 
of  Stalk  Wire  at  these  prices. 


DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEEES, 
GILMORE  PARK,  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBKOOK 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 
Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  every  description  of 


Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  1 
^den    Frames  and  Sa 


Stock. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHttL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C 


II   give  EstiiT 


LASCELLES    and 
every  description   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK    free  oi 
charge   and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material   in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated    Lists  of  Wooden    Buildings.   Greenhouses,   and 

Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls.  Paths,  and  Stages, 


GREENHOUSES 


t.  Span-roof,  pli 
of  the  best  construction.  Price, 
erected  complete  (with  brick- 
work) within  15  miles  of  Lon- 
don Bridge  ;  proportionate 
prices  in  any  part  of  the 
country.        Lean-to's    in    pro- 

Loughborough  Hot-water  Apparatus  (fixed),  extra  as  below  :— 
Size.        Price.     H.W.Ap.  I  Size.        Price.     H.W.Ap. 

lift,  by  8ft,,  Zjo  o...£5  ,5U5ft.byi5ft.,.(;5S  o..£io,^ 
15ft.  by  9ft.,  33  o..  6  s  Uoft.  byisft.,  71  o  ..  12  5 
toft,  by  I2lt.,  4210..  8  15  I  4cft.  by  17ft.,  I.I  o..  22  o 
ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses. 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating.  FREE. 
„,?^^y^^S  ^^^^  '"  any  pa"  "f  the  Country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE.     DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticultural  Buili.ers  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 
Wilham^lTrfet.}  LONDON        BRIDGE. 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 

Fixed  in  any  part  of  the 

Kingdom  with  Hot-water 
y      - Apparatus  complete. 

^v^Wi»!^\^     CATALOGUE 

DARLINGTO  W . 


Five  Prize 
Medals  and 
Seven    Certificates 
of  Merit  this  year, 


Wood 

THE     GENERAL     WOOD     COMPANY 
S»vedish  Wharf.  High  Street,  Peckham,  London,  S.E., 
Supply  all    descriptions   of  WOOD   at  Wholesale    Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES,  Manufactured  DOORS,  FLOORING. 
MOULDINGS,     SASHBARS.     RICK    and    SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS, 
k.  Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention   to   their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —       £,  s.  d. 
2-Hght  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  >    p„„vJn(^     f       3  lo    o 
3-light  frame.  12  feet  by  6  feet  V^"^, 'free  i       S     5     o 
6-lightframe.  24feetby6feeti^^'"  '"^(     10    o    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  H  ALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 


BOTTLTON     &     PAUL,     NORWICH- 


No   75 —Melon  or  Cucumber  Frames 

Cash  Pnces-CarruEc  Paid.  I  iit...  Fa.ku.p  Ca,e. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  jC^  50  ..  4^.  ^Allowed  ia 
12  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  4  12  6  ..  5^.  <  full  if  reld. 
16  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  00  ..  5/6  (  car.  paid. 
These  Frames  are  13  inches  de?p  in  front,  and  24  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  z  inches  thick,  with  a  strong  iron 
strengthening  rod,  and  one  handle  to  each  light.  All  pairted 
four  coats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  glazed  with  best 
21-oz.  English  glass.  Orders  amounting  to  4or.  carriage  paid 
to  most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT-WATER  APPARATUS 

for  Heating  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 

Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estiiiia/es  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


HY.    VAN    &    CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  House  in  the  Trade,  Estd.  1780). 
17,    Tooley    Street,    London   Bridge,    S.E. 


//     t   tl  I  C  \r-iLOGLES  P    tf 

PEOTEOTION    FOR    FRUIT    AND    FLOWERS. 
GARDEN   NETTING.  2  yards  wide,  ij^,/..  or  per  100  yards, 

loj.  ;  ditto.  4  yards  wide,  ^d.,  or  per  100  yards,  10s. 
SCRIM  CANVAS,   I  yard  wide,   id.  ;    i>4  yard,  4%d.  ;    and 

2  yards,  6d.  per  yard. 
TIFFANY,  33  inches  wide,  in  20 yard  pieces,  3J.  6d.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
RICK  CLOTHS.  TARPAULINS.  Com  and  Potato  SACKS. 

FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 


TCLASSHOUSESScttEATiNG! 


B.W.WA-R«U:RST 


UU.1,  BS&U70BT  BTRKKT  CH£LS£A,  S.W. 


July  31,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


157 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPORTS  of  EXHIBITIONS,  REVIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NOTICES  of  all  HORTICULTURAL 

MA  TTERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  the  following  subjects  :— 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 
FORCING.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS.— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 

Original  Illustrations  by   W.  H  FITCH,  F.L.S.,    IF.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  IV.  J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 


MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VI NES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 


ADLAM(H.),  Natal 

ANDERSON  (J.) 

ANDR     (E.),  Paris 
ANTOINE  IF.),  the  late,  Vienna 

ATKINS  (J.)         

AUSTEN    (J.),     Witley    Court 

BACKHOUSE  (T.)',  York 
BADEN-POWELL  (H.) 
BADGER  (E.  W.) 
BAILLIE  (W.  M.),  Luton  Hoo 

BAINES(T.)        '.'.  '.         '.'. 

BAKER(G.)         

BAKER  (J.  G.).  F.R  S 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor).. 

BALL  (J.),  F.R.S 

BANCROFT  (G.),  M.D. 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     .. 
BAXTER    (W.     H.),     Botanic 

Gardens,  Oxford 
BEIIERINCK,Dr.,Wascr.;..gen 
BENNEX  (H.),  M.D.,  Menlone 
BENNETT  (A.  W.) 
BENNETT  (G.),  M.D.,  Sydney 
BENTHAM  (the  late  G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEY(Rev.  M.J.),F.R.S. 
BLACKMORE(R.  D.).. 
BLAIR  (T.),  Shrubland  Gardens 
BOISSIER  (E.),  the  late,  Geneva 
BONAVIA(Dr.),  N.  W.  P.  India 
BOSCAWEN(Hon.&  Rev,  J.  T.) 
BOULGER(G.  S.),  F.L.S.       .. 
BOVLE  (Hon.  Mrs.  E.  V.) 
BRADSHAW   (A.),  Waddesdon 

BRIGHT  (the  late' H.  A.)         '. '. 
BRITTEN  (J.),  British  Museum 
BROWN  (N.  E.),  Kew  .. 
BULLEN  (R.),  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow 
BURBIDGE    (F.   W.),    Botanic 

(iarden,  Dublin 
BURVENICH  (Fr,),  Ghent      .. 
CARMICHAEL     (C.    A.    M.). 

Henley-in-.'\rden 
CARUEL(Professor),  Florence.. 
CASPARY(Prot.),  Kocnigsberg. . 

CHALLIS(T.) 

CHITTY(W.),  Pewsey  .. 
CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       . . 
CLARKE  (C.  B.),  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD  (T.  S.),  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (W.),  Eastnor  Castle 

Gardens 

COOKE(M.  C.) 

COOMBER  (J  ),  The  Hendre  .. 
COOMBER(W.),  Regents  Park 
COOPER  (Sir  DAN.,  Bart.)  .. 
CORNU  (Professor  M.),  Director 

ofthejardindes  Plan tes, Paris 
CORREVON  (H.),  Geneva  .. 
CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H.  H.). . 
CROSSLING  (R.),  Sl  Fagan's 

Castle  Gardens 
DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN  (A.) 

DEAN(R.) 

DECAISNE(thelate  Prof.),  Paris 
DE  CANDOLLE(A.),  Geneva.. 
DEHERAIN  (Professor),  Paris. . 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew       

DOD  (Rev.  C.  W.) 

D'OM  BRAIN  (Rev.  H.  H.)     .. 

DOUGLAS  0).  Great  Gearies, 

Ilford 

DOWNIE  (J),  Edinburgh 
DRUDE  (Professor),  Dresden  . . 

DRUERY(C.) 

DUCHARTRE  (Professor),  Paris 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned :— 


Colonial  Noi 

Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

Forestry. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Alpine  Plants. 
Queensland  Correspondence 
Fruit  Culture. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Australian  Correspondence. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Pomology. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Plants. 
Indian  Notes. 
Landscape  Gardening. 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Amateur  Gardening. 

Orchid  Culture. 
Notes   from  a    Lancashire 
Plant  Lore.  [Garden. 

Garden  Botany. 


CJarden  Literature. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  (gardening. 
Beekeeping. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Australian  Correspondence 


DUNN  (M.),  Dalkeith 
DUTHIE  (J.  F.),  Saharunpore 
DYER  (BERNARD)      .. 
DYER  (W.     T.    T.),    Directo 

Royal  Gardens,  Kew 

EARLEY(W.) Practical  Gardening 

EICHLER  (Professor).  Director 

Imperial  Bot.  Garden,  Berlin 
ELLACOMBE  (Rev.  H.  N) 

ELWES  (H.  J.) 

ENGELMANN(thclateG.),  St. 

Louis,  U.S.A 

EVANS  (A.),Lvthe  Hill  Gardens 
EVERSHED(H.) 
EWBANK  (Rev.  H.),  Ryde  .. 
FENZI  (Cav.  E.),  Florence  .. 
FINDLAY  (B.),  Manchester  .. 
FISH      (D.      T.),      Hardwicke 

FISHER  (Rev.  O.)'        .'!        '.'. 
FITCH  (W.  H.),  F.L.S. 
FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  F.R.S. 
FOWLER  (A.),   Castle  Kennedy 

Gardens 
FRASER  (J.),  Kew 

GIBSON  (WM.) 

GILBERT  (J.  H.).  F.R.S. 
GLAISHER(J.),  F.R.S. 
GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boston 
GREEN  (CHARLES) 


Practical  Gardening. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Chemical  Analyst 

Garden  Botany, 


Foreign  Correspondei 
Gar  'en  BoLiny. 
Garden  Botany, 

Conifers. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Literature, 
Practical  Gardening, 
Foreign  Cxrrespondei 
Practical  Gardening, 

Practical  Gardening. 


>r),  Li^ge 


FERD. 


Plant  Physiology,  Irids, 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Town  Gardening. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 
Meteorology. 
Garden  Botany. 
Plant  Cultun 


GR1EVE(P.),  Bury  St.  Edmunds    Practical  Gardening. 


Foreign  Correspondence. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Physiology  of  Plants. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Floriculture. 
Garden  Botany. 
Gaiden  Botany,  &c. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 
Foreign  Corresponden 

Practical  Gardening. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 


GRINDON  (LEO) 

HANBURY(T.),  M 

HART  0-).  Jamaica        ..         ..     Colonial  Noti 

HEMSLEY(W.  B.)        ..         ..     Garden  Botany. 

HEMSLEY(A) Practical  Gartfening. 

HENRY(thelate I.  ANDERSON) Garden  Plants. 
HENRIQUEZ  (Prof.),  Coimbra     Foreign  Correspondence. 
HENSLOW(Rev.  G.)    ..         ..     Vegetable  Physiology. 
HOOKER  (Sir  J.  D.),  K.C.S.I.    Garden  Botany 
HORNER  (Rev.  F.D.)..         ..     FlorisB' Flowers. 
HUDSON      (J.),     Gunnersbury 

Gardens  . .  . .     Flower  Gardening. 

IM     THURN      (EVERARD), 

British  Guiana Colonial  Notes. 

INGRAM  (W.),  Belvoir  Gardens    Practical  Gardening 
JACKSON  (J.  R.),  KewMuseum    Economic  Botany. 

JOLY(C.),  Paris Foreign  Correspondence. 

JULIAN (RICHD.),  F.R.LE.A.     Garden  Architecture. 
KING  (Dr.),  Director  Royal  Bo- 
tanic Garden,  Calcutta        . .     Colonial  Notes 

KNIGHT  (H.) Practical  Gardening. 

KOLB  (MAX),  Munich  . ,  . .  Foreign  Correspondence. 
KRELAGE  (E.  H.),  Haarlem  . .  Foreign  Correspondence. 
LANGE  (Prof.),  Copenhagen  , .  Foreign  Correspondence. 
LAVALLfiE  (the  late  ALPH.), 

Paris      . .  . ,         . .     Garden  Botany. 

LAWRENCE   (Sir  TREVOR), 

President  Royal  Hort.  Soc. . .     Orchids. 
LEICHTLIN    (MAX),     Baden 

Baden Garden  Plants 

LOWNE,  (B,  T,),  F.R.C.S.      ..     Amateur  Gardening. 
LYNCH     (R.     I.),     Cambridge 

Botanic  Garden  . .         . .     Garden  Botany. 

MACLACHLAN(R.),  F.R.S.  ..     Insects, 
MACOWAN  (Prof.),  CSipe  Town    Colonial  Notes. 
MANGLES(thelate  J.H.),  F.L.S.  Rhododendrons. 

MARIES(C.)        JapanPlants. 

MAW  (G.),  F.L.S Crocus-Garden  Plants. 

MEEHAN  (T.),  Philadelphia  ..  American  Correspondence. 
MELVILLE     (D,),      Dunrobin 

Gardens  Practical  Gardening. 

MICHAEL  (A.  D.) Garden  Insects. 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

Banff Forestry. 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

MILLER  (W,),  Combe  Abbey..     Practical  Gardening. 
MONTEIRO  (Chev.)  Lisbon    ..     Foreign  Correspondence. 
MOORE  (F,  W,),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic (jarden Practical  Gardening. 

MOORE  (T.),   Botanic  Garden, 

Chelsea  . , Ferns. 


MORREN  (Profei 
MORRIS  (D.),  Jan 
MUELLER  (Baroi 

V,),  Melbourne 
MURRAY  (G.),  British  Museum 
MURTON  (H.  J.),  Siam 
NAUDIN  (C),  Antibes  .. 
NELSON  (C.  J.),  Orange  Free 

State Foreign  Correspond! 

NICHOLSON  (G.),  Kew  ..     Arboretum. 

O'BRIEN  (JAMES)        ..         ..     Orchid  Culture. 

OBRIEN(T.)         Prnnaratinn 

OLIVER  (Capt.  S.) 
OLIVER  (Prof.),  F.R.S. 
OLIVEIRA(J,  D'),  Oporto 
ORMEROD(Miss) 
PAGET  (Sir  JAMES)     .. 
PAUL  (GEORGE) 
PAUL(VVM.) 
PFITZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg 

PHILIPS  (W.) Fungi-Plant  Di 

PLANCHON(Prof  l.Montpellier     Foreign  Corresponds 


Australian  Plants. 
Plant  Diseases. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Foreign  Corresponden 


Foreign  Corresponden 
Garden  Botany, 
Foreign  Corresponden 

Diseases  of  Plants. 
Floriculture. 
Floriculture. 
Orchids. 


Colonial  Notes. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Orchids. 


PLOWRIGHT(C.  B). 
PRESTO  (H,),Trinid.id 
PVNAERT  (E,),  Ghent  .. 
REGEL  (E.),  St.  Petersburg     .. 
REICHENBACH  (Professor)  .. 
RICHARDS   (G.    H),  Somcriey 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

RIDLEY(H.N,),BritishMuseura    Orchids. 
RIVERSfF.),  Sawbridgeworth..     Fruit  Culture. 

ROBERTS  0) Practical  Gardening. 

ROBINSON  (J.  F.)        ..         ..     Bees. 

RODIGAS(E.),  Ghent   ..         ..     Foreign  Correspondence. 

ROLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew..     Garden  Botany. 

RUST  (J.) Practical  Gardening. 

SARGEANT  (C.  W.),  Boston  . .     American  Correspondence 

SAUL  (M.),  York Practical  Gardening. 

SCHOMBURGK(Dr.).  Adelaide    Colonial  Notes. 
SHEPPARD    (J,),    Wolverston 

Gardens  

SIEMENS(thelateSirW.)F.R,S. 
SMEE  (A.  H.),  Wallington      . . 

SMITH  (W.  G),  F.L.S 

SMITH  (T.),  New  Zealand  .. 
SMITH  (J).  Mentmore  Gardens 
SORAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau  .. 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens 
STRICKLAND  (Sir  C.) 
SURINGAR  (Professor),  Leyden 
SWAN    (W.),    Howick    House, 

Preston Orchid  Culture. 

SYME  (G.),  Jamaica       ..         ..     Colonial  Notes. 
'IHOM AS (O.),  Chatsworth  Gds.     Practical  Gardening. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Electric  Light. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Illustrations — Fungi, 
Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspoodeoi 


THOMSON  (W.I,  Clovenfords 
THURBER(G.),  New  York  .. 
TODARO  (Baron),  Palermo  .. 
TRIMEN(H.),  Ceylon  .. 

VEITCH(H.)        

VILMORIN(H),  Paris.. 
WALLIS  y.),  Keele  Gardens  .. 
WARD  (H.  W.),  Longford  Castle 

Gardens  

WARD  (MARSHALL)  .. 
WARINGTON  (R.) 
W.\TSON  (SERENO),  Boston, 

u.r  ■ 


American  Correspondenco. 

CJarden  Botany. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Gardening. 


WATSON  (W.),  Kew 

WATT  (Dr.),  Calcutta     ..         ..  Indian  Notes. 

WEBSTER  y.),  Gordon  CasUe 

Gardeoi  Practical  Gardening. 

WEBSTER    (A.    D.),    Penrhyn 

Castle Forestry. 

WEIR  (H).,  Tunbridge  Wells  ..  Gardening  for  Amateurs 

WESTWOOD  (Professor)  . .  Insects. 

WILDSMITH    (W.),   Heckfield 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

WILLIS  (J.  W.),  Harpenden    ..  Chemistry. 

WILSON  (G.  F,),  F.R,S.         ..  Lilies,  &c 

WILSON  (D.)       Practical  Gardening, 

WITTMACK  (Dr,),  Berlin        ..  Foreign  Correspondence 
WOLKENSTEIN,St.  Potet^burg  Foreign  Correspondenco.' 
With  many  others. 


158 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  31,  1886. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING, 

Head  Lim  charged  as  hvo. 


4  Lines. ../o 

S 

0 

15  Lines.. 

5     „ 

...     0 

1 

6 

16      „     .. 

6     „ 

...     0 

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0 

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...     0 

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6 

18     „     .. 

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0 

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...    0 

■; 

6 

20     „     .. 

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...    0 

r, 

0 

21     „     .. 

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7 

6 

24     „    .. 

14     „ 

...    0 

8 

0 

25     „    .. 

j^ 

ND   SIXPE^ 

CB 

'OR   EV 

HRV   ADDITIONAL 

If  set 

icross  two 

e  lowest  charge  w 

If  sst  a 

ross  three 
Page 

Col 

.mns, 

the  lowest  charge 

H.ilf  Page  .. 

«         ..50 

13    6 


ARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IJ.  6,/.,  and  6rf.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE. —Advertisers  arc  crttdioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week   MUST  reach  the  Office 

iy  Thrtrsdar  noon 

AH  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   Unitrd  Kingdom  :   12  Months.  C\  33.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  113.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign  fexceotinE   India  and   China):    includine    Postage, 

£1  6S.  (or  12  Months  :    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 
Post-ofBce  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 
W,C.,  to  W.  Ri 


BOULTON   &    PAUL,    NORWICH. 


;     LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With   Powerful   Garden 

Engine,  combined. 

This  implement  is  most 
iiie'ul  in  large  gardens  ;  is 
fitted  wiih  valve  and  spread- 
r  for  distribulinpr  water  or 
quid  manure.  Waterpots 
and  pills  can  be  filled  when 
the  -spreader  is  not  in  use. 

Cash  Price— Carriage  Paid. 
-    Complete  (s-igalls.)  ^3  los. 

IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No  66  for  200  ft  M  in.  tubing  ..  los.  6d. 
No  67  'or  •>  o  f t  S-in.  tubing  ..  12s.  id. 
No   68  for  zoo  ft    %  in.  tubing  ..  15J.  Qd. 

Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


Cash  Prices. 
18  gall    Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  l\  125. 
30  gall    Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  £,-i. 
'  \^  36  gall     Barrow,    with    Oak 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  NORWICH, 


W 


ARNER'S    PORIABLE     FARMYARD 

or  WATER-CART  PUMPS. 

Prixe  Medals  at  Calcutta,  Brabant,  Brussels,  &c. 

Strong,  Durable,  Effective. 


SONS, 


WARNER 

Hydraulic  and  Mechanical  Eitsmeers,  Manufacturers  of  Pu 

and  Pumping  Machinery  of  every  description. 
THE   CRESCENT    FOUNDRY,    CRlPPLEGATE,   E.C 

and  the  Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-ihe  Naze.  Essex. 

JLTtf  be  obtained  of  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber  in  the 

l^Kingdom.^ 


GARDEN   PLANT  TRUCK, 


HOSE  and  REELS,  I  GARDEN  ROLLERS, 

WATER  BARROWS,  PLANT  TRUCKS, 

GARDEN  ENGINES,     |  WHEELBARROWS. 

TUBE      WELLS      and  WATER      PIPES 


ROSERIES, 
ROSE  FENCING, 
GARDEN  ARCHES, 


HANGING  BASKETS, 
WIRE  WORK  SCREENS, 
WIRE  TRELLIS,  &c. 


R.      HOLLIDAY, 

HORTICULTVR.AL  IRON  and  WIRE   WORKS, 
BEAUFORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 


Lawn  Mowers 
f\r\     PER  CENT.  FOR 
VI  ICASHOFKMAKERS' 
^U  PRICES,  Caniagepaid. 
Ail  the  Best  J\ tales  in  Stock. 


Garden  Roller? 


,.by=oi. 
24  by  sail 
2lby24li 


Swing  Water-Barrows.    |  Wood  Barrow. 

15  Gall...  3M,  I  31  Gall. ..  4^1.     Well  made  and  cheip      ..54'6 
aoGall. ..  W.  1  40  t;»l'-    ■    '4'.     Wllh  loose  top,  as  shown. .  3../0 

LAWN  MOWER  REPAIRS. 

DEANE  &  CO.  have  SPECIAL  FACILITIES  lor  Grind- 
inn  and  Repairing  Lawn  Mowers  of  all  makes,  a  large  staff  of 
EXPERIENCED  WORKMEN  being  employed  for  the  pur- 
pose. THOROUGHNESS  in  REPAIR  and  MODERATE 
CHARGES  guaranteed. 

sn  in  all  cases  before  commencing  the  worlc. 

,  CO.'S  ILLUSTRATED  GARDEN  CATA. 

est  complete  publishedl  free  by  post. 


Estir 


DEANE  &  CO., 
*«^' ^?r^eeY""^" '.LONDON   BRIDGE. 


SKINNER  &  BOARD,  BBISTOL, 

H0f!TICULTUR4L   BUILDERS  &   HOT-WATER   ENGINEERS. 
PATENTEES 

|j  VENETIAN^ 


FRUIT  &  FLOWER 


HOUSE 


OPEN 

FOR 

VENTILATION  H 


.        .    .      VKNTIONS  KXIIIBITION.  Kensington. 

Ettimatee  for    WARMINO  Churches,   ConservaPoriej,  etc, 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Comhill,  London. 

Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation  paid    for    112,000    Accidents,    /,2,zi$,ocX'. 

Chairman,  Haevie  M.  Fakquhar.  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the  Local 
ARents,  or  West-end  Office  :-S,  Grand  Kotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

^WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute   for  oil  paint  or 

any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.     It  was 

".ntroduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 

genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 

tators,  is  fuUy  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.     It 

may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  i 


n  the  grounds  at 
of  most 
flattering 


thinning,  and  is  used 
Windsor   Castle,    Kew    Gardens,    and    at    the 
of  tlie    NobiUty  and   Gentry,  from  whom  the 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  11.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  10  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

Front  Alfred  Lowe,  E^q  ,   The  RyUys,  Al-ierley  Lodge. 

■'Some  twenty  years  ago  I  uted  >our  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  wdl  forward  me  a  cask,  as  1  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hii,L  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill  Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.C.  ;  and 
n6.  Stephen's  Green.  Dublin. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 
SPORTING  and  the  FIELD.  In  which  is  incorporated 

BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 
RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 
CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 
THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.    (Drawn  .ind  engraved 

especially  for  this  Journal.) 
NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Origin.al  Articles.) 
AGRICULTURE.  PASTORAL.  HORTICULTURE. 
GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 
STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 
ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 

AUSTRA- 

THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circi 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polyn 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  creat 


on  throughout  thi 
.  &c.  It  contain 
ety  of  subjects. 


Suliscrlptlon  In  Advance,  £1  63.  per  Annnm. 

Single  Copies,  hd.  ;  Stamped,  ^d. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  arc 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  tor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co..  30,  Comhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.   Gordon  &  Gotch,  St   Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son.  1S6,  Strand. 

Bristol   James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchrster..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 

Edinburgh Robertson  &  Scott.  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &  Co.,    15,    Royal    E.xchangc 

Place. 

1^"  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  filed  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  sl'c  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  ajid 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  ^''  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advcrtisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


July  su  iSS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


IS9 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  1L\RAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  Pukve- 
NiCH,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  10^.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  VAN  HULLH,  Eotanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


PARTNER  WANTED,  in  a  genuine  old- 
established  Freehold  Nursery  and  Florist  Business, 
owtDK  to  a  relirinc  partner.  Capital  required  about  £ii,^<x> ;  or 
the  whole  to  be  SOLD  as  a  going  concern. — Apply,  personally 
or  by  letter,  to  J.  C.  JENNINGS,  Priory  Nursery,  Acton 
Lane,  Chiswick. 


WANTED,  as  HEAD  GARDENER,  an 
active  and  energetic  young  Man  ;  unmarried.  Ex- 
perienced in  all  branches,  and  of  good  address.  — .\pply  with  full 
particulars  to  AGENT,  Crosswood  Fstale  Office,  Aberystwith. 

ANTED,  by  a  Gentleman,   TWO   GAR- 

DENER.S,  as  First  and  Second.  Must  be  active 
willing  men,  and  able  to  attend  to  one  or  two  Cows  and  Poultry. 
— Wiite  full  particulars  of  experience  and  periods  in  previous 
situations,  age,  number  in  family,  and  wages  expected,  &c.,  to 
M.  W.,  Messrs.  Deacon's,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.G. 


WANTED,  a  NURSERYMAN'S  FORE- 
MAN, to  undertake  the  Management  of  an  extensive 
Nursery.  Must  be  a  good  Salesman,  and  thoroughly  well  up 
in  ihe  whole  routine  of  the  business.— CHARLES  CROM- 
WELL, Nurseryman,  Barnet. 

WANTED,  a  steady  active  Man,  as  FORE^ 
MAN   in  the  Houses.— State  experience   and   wages 
required  to  'IHOM  AS  DAVIES  and  CO.,  Wavertree  Nursery, 


w 


ANTED,    a    good    and    expert     ROSE 

BUDDEK  for  a  few   weeks,— State    experience   and 
ges    r.-quired    to    WM.     RUMSEY,    Joyning's   Ni 


Vifaliham  Cr< 


.  N. 


WANTED,  a  young  Man,  as  NURSERY 
CLERK,  with  knowledge  of  the  Agricuhutal  Seed 
Trade  preferred.— Aptly  in  own  handwriting,  with  copies  of 
testimonia's,  wages,  &c.,  to  B.  R.  N.,  Gardener^  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Striet,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  aiTTNv^OICE  CUERK.  Must 
Write  a  good  Hand,  and  be  quick  at  Figures  — Apply 
by  letter  in  own  handwriting,  stating  age,  particulars  of  engage- 
ments, and  salary  reqnited,  to  B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and 
Paradi-e  Nurseries,  Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 


WANTED,  in  the  Office  of  Packing  Depart- 
meat,  a  Young  MAN,  who  has  already  some  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Names  of  Trees  and  Plants,  and  who  Writes 
Tickets  neatly. — Apply  with  reference.',  and  slating  wages  re- 
quired, to  JAMES  VEIiCH  and  SONS,  Royal  Exotic 
Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  i\o.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 

is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. '_ 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Rest  ante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  ihe  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  initancei 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  thi  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
ttu  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  I^ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  tliey  wish  Repeated. 

O     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

McIntvre  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake   Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


IJICHARD     SMITH     AND     CO. 

-I~\)  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they   will   be    able  to  supply  any    Lady  or   Gentleman    with 


particulars,  &c.— St.  John  s  Nu 


,  Worcester. 


To  NoWemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,   BAILIFFS    cr  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Hoibom,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 
Ottershaw  Paik,  Cliertsey,  Surrey,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  requir- 
ing the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in  present 
situation.     For  further  particulars,  please  address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29,  married  when 
suited.— R.  Hubbard,  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall, 
Ketteripg,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man.  Fifteen  years'  experi- 
ence in  good  establishments.  Excellent  references  from  past 
and  present  employers. 


GARDENER  (Head). —  Age   38,  married, 
three    children ;      twelve    years    in    present    situ; 
Satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving.— GARDENER,  Mr.  Ti 
Cranfield  Court,  Newport  Pagneil. 


GJ.ARDENER  (Head);  near  London  pre- 
■^  ferred. — Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  E.xcellent 
character  from  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen.  Good  references  as 
to  ability.  —GARDENER.  5,  Rutland  Street,  Monlpelier 
Square,  Knightsbndge,  S.W. 


C:i  ARDENER  (Head)  ;    age  40,    married.— 

V-J  Mr.  Hou'ARD,  Grey^toke  C.islle.  Penrith,  will  be  pleased 
to  recommend  C.  Micklewight.  who  was  twelve  years  his  Head 
Gardener.  Trustworthy  and  competent  m  all  branches.  — 7, 
Prince's  Road,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  28.— Mr.  Tegg, 
Bearwood,  Wokingham,  can  with  every  confidence  re- 
commend his  Foreman — T.  Stacey — to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  man. 
Fourteen  years'  experience,  nearly  3  years  in  present  place  ; 
previously  in  the  Gardens  of  Blenheim.  Heckfield,  and 
Lockinge. — For  further  p.irticnlars  address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married  ; 
a  thorough  Practical  man  ;    excellent    character. —  G., 
Mr.  Dunbar.  Nurseryman,  Boxmoor,  Herts. 


/^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 

V.-^  no  family  ;  fourteen  years'  experience,  thoroughly  prac- 
tical and  trustworthy.  Good  character  from  previous  employers. 
—GARDENER,  Fuchsia  Cottage,  Hanworth,  Middlesex. 

Kose   Grower. 
/^ARDENER    (Head     Working).  —  Well 

^— '  experienced  in  the  Culture  of  Roses,  and  duly  qualified 
in  the  other  variousdepartmonts  — liROWN,  Gardens,  Bashing 
Park,  Godalming. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

or  more  are  kept.  — Age  4s.  married,  three  chddren  ; 
practical,  general  Gardener,  also  understands  Management  of 
Land,  Stock,  Poultry,  &c.  Good  character.— A.  P.,  The  Gar- 
dens, Homefield,  Worthing. 

G""  ^mJENER  (Head  Working).— Married  ; 
thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches  Five  years  in 
present  situation.  Leaving  through  death.  Good  character 
and  references.— gardener,  The  Manor  House,  Collier's 
Wood,  Lower  Tooting,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  wliere  two 
or  three  are  kept  :  age  29.— The  Advertiser  is  open  to 
engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  wanting  a  practical  push- 
ing man.  Fourteen  years'  experience.  Thoroughly  competent 
in  all  branches.  For  the  last  eight  years  Foreman  in  large 
establishment.  Can  be  well  recommended.— J.  G.,  3S,  Brook 
Street.  Lambeth,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
handed)  — Age  33.  single  :  fifteen  years'  practical  ex- 
perience, and  SIX  and  a  half  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer.  Satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving.— T.  S.,  The  Laurels, 
Forty  Hill,  Enfield. 

C:^ ARDENER.  —  A   GENTLEMAN   wishes   to 
^      recommend    his   Gardener.      Over  ten  years'  good  cha- 
racter.—F.  HARRILD,  Shetlies,  fjrpington,  Kent. 

ARDENER,  in  Gentleman's  Family.— Age 

48,  no  family  ;  long  experience  in  all  Branches  Leaving 
on  account  of  Gentleman  quitting.  —  GARDENER,  Mr. 
Bunney,  6,  Lewes  Road,  Brighton. 

r:j.ARDENER  (Single-handed).- Age  25  ; 

Vjr     can  have  good  character  from  last  place.— J.   R,,  Sidney 
House  Stables.  Knockholt,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED,  or  with 
help). — Age  27,  married  ;  good  practical  experience. 
Totalabstainer;  good  reference. —A.  BUSH,  Kent  House  Post- 
office.  Beckenham,  Kent. 


G 


GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
help  is  given. — Thoroughly  well  up  to  the  work  of  a 
gocd  Garden  ;  good  character  and  reference. — J.  BROWN,  3, 
Staten  Gardens,  Twickenham. 

CIJ.  ARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). 
*  — Age  25,  single  ;  thorotti;hly  practical.  Two  years' 
good  character.— W.  G.,  i.  Lewi^  Road,  Coldharbour  Lane, 
Camberwell,  S.E. 

ARDENER  (Second),   in  the   Houses.— 

Age  21  :    five  years'  good  reference  from  last   place. — 
R.  PLATFORD,  Neatishead  Street,  near  Norwich,  Norfolk. 

GARDENER  (Second),  where  four  or  five 
are  kept. — Age  24  :  ten  years'  practical  experience  in  all 
branches:  twelvemonths'  good  character. — J.  D. ,  73A,  Manor 
Street,  King's  Road.  Chelsea,  S.W. 

ARDENER    (Under,    in   a   Gentleman's 

Garden,    or  Singlr-handed)  — Age  23  ;    eleven  veart' 
good  character.— G.  A.  BULL,  Houghton.  Huntingdonshire. 

GARDENER    (Under).— Age    22;     five 
years'  experience,  with  good  references. — F.    MAYNE, 
The  Gardens.  Margery  Hall,  Reigate,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  17  ;  sharp, 
intelligent.  Three  and  a  half  years'  experience  of  Gar- 
den employment.- FREDERICK  SHER'VAL,  New  Street, 
Henley-on-l  hames. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  or  Manage  a  Branch.— 
Well  up  in  Growing  Plants  and  Cut  Flowers;  twenty 
years'  experience  in  London  and  Provincial  Nurseries. — W.  B. , 
24,  Speke  Road,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER  under  Glass.— Age  aS  ;  thirteen  years'  expe- 
rience in  Growing  Cut  Blooms  and  Pot  Plants,  generally  ;  well 
versed  in  making  Wreaths,  Bouquets,  &c. — Address,  stating 
particulars,  R.  G..  Swain's  Hill,  Hereford. 

JOURNEYMAN  (He.\d),  in  a  large  estab- 

f-'  lishment. — Age  24  ;  nine  years'  experience.  Good  testi- 
monials.—WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  Manor  House,  Nortleach, 
Gloucestershire. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  good  establish- 

^y  ment. — Age  2r  ;  seven  and  a  half  years'  good  character.— 
J.  H.,  9,  Tetcott  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First  or  good  Second), 

O  in  a  good  establishment —Age  22.- F.  K.,  The  Gardens, 
Glynde  Place,  near  Lewes,  Sussex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

^J  Age  23  :  nine  years'  experience.  Can  be  well  recom- 
mended.— H.  CROOKS,  Holloway,  near  Crom'ord.  Derby. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  20  ; 

^  six  years'  experience.  Good  references. — WM.  AX- 
FORD,  3,  Pown  Terrace,  Lyndhurst,  Hants. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in   a  good   all-round 

^  establishment.  — ■  Age  21  ;  good  reference.  Last  place 
eighteen  months.— C.  B.,  Boxmoor  P.O.,  Hemel  Hempsted. 
Herts. 

T"0~NOBLEMEN,  GENTLEMEN,  and 
GARDENERS— C.  Fox,  late  Foreman  to  Mr.  R. 
Green,  Florist,  London,  at  his  Growing  Establishment,  seeks  a 
situation  in  a  Private  Establishment.  Good  character  and 
testimonials  :  married,  age  35.— C.  F.,  Grosvenor  Cottage, 
Wellington  Road,  North  Hounslow. 

T'^O  NURSERYMEN  and  FLORISTS.— 
Advertiser  seeks  a  situation  in  either  of  the  above  ;  has 
had  seven  years'  experience  in  Flower,  Cucumher,  Tomato,  and 
Vine  Growing  :  understands  Budding.  &c  —X.  Y.  Z.,  Mr.  G. 
Gidge,  Mapledurwell,  Basingstoke,  Hants. 

O  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— Wanted,  to  place 

my  son  (age  20)  in  a  first-class  establishment  ;  Indoors  or 
Out.  Three  years'  experience  in  a  Nursery.— A.  GROOM- 
BRIDGE,  Tothill  Nursery,  Plymouth. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— Age 
r7  ;  three  years'  experience.     Can  be  highly  lecommended. 
— E.  F.  T.,  36,  Borough  Street,  Western  Road,  Brighton. 

JMPROVER;  age   l8.— Mr."  MITCHELL^  can 

JL  highly  recommend  W.  Maxfield  ;  has  worked  here  in 
Houses  and  Flower  Garden  this  last  thirteen  months. —Abeta- 
man  Gardens,  Aberdare. 

IMPROVER,     under    a    good    Foreman    or 
Head     Gardener     in     the     Hv^uses    in    a     Gentleman's 
Establishment  or   Nursery.  —  Age   25;    four  years  in   present 


TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— R.  Maker, 
Vattendon,  Newbury,  would  be  pleased  to  recommend 
a  young  married  man  without  family  as  useful  man  in  good 
Garden,  to  live  in  lodge,  or  otherwise,  handy  man  in  either 
Kitchen  or  Flower  Garden  ;  state  wages  given. 

TO  NOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 
GARDENERS.— The  Advertiser  wishes  to  place  his 
nephew  (age  17)  under  a  thorough  practical  man.  Would  not 
object  to  give  a  small  Premium.— H.  BARNARD.  Chase  Side 
Nursery.  Southgate.  London,  N. 

LABOURER;  experienced  ;  age  34,  married. 
— Thos  PtUMli,  Swinfen  Hall  G.ardens,  Lichfield,  will 
be  pleased  to  hear  of  a  vacancy  for  a  steady  man  as  above.  Has 
hati  several  years'  experience  in  Private,  also  Market  Gardens, 
and  is  a  good  hand  for  Kitchen  GarCen  or  Pleasure  Grounds, 
being  neat  and  obliging. 

To  Landed  Proprietors. 

LAND  STEWARD  and  BAILIFF.— The 
Advertiser,  who  for  sixteen  years  had  the  Superintend- 
ence of  a  large  Landed  Estate,  and  has  since  been  Farmmg  in 
SuflFolk,  is  desirous  of  an  engagement  as  above.  Good  Account- 
ant;  has  a  sound  practical  knowledge  of  Estate  Management, 
and  Farming  in  all  its  branches.  Satisfactory  refereTice':. — 
JOHN  C.  ROPER,  White  House.  Blundeston,  Lowestoft. 

HOPMAN     (Head),     or     MANAGER.— 

Twenty-eight  years'  experience  in  all  branches,  thorough 
business  tact,  first-class  Correspondent,  good  knowledge  of 
Plants.  Excellent  references  as  to  character  and  capabilities.^ 
G.,  I,  London  Road,  Yeovil. 

SHOPMAN. — Thirteen   years'   experience  in 
all  branches,  good  reference. — T.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN. —  Age     27;     thirteen    years' 
experience.- QUERCUS,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN,  or  otherwise.— Thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade.  Five  years  with  Messrs. 
Webb  &  Sons,  of  Wordsley,  and  other  good  references.— 
W.  J.  WILLS,  Audnam,  Stourbridge. 

HOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Fourteen   years' 

experience  in  the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Trade.  Satisfac- 
tory references  from  present  employers,  Messrs.  Nutting 
&  Son,  London.— A.  S.,  Mrs.  Brown,  48,  OIney  Street, 
Walworth  Road,  London,  S.E. 

ASSISTANT. — Age  21  ;  seven  years'  expe- 
rience in  all  departments  of  the  Retail  Seed  Trade,  also 
fair  knowledge  of  Plants  and  Bulbs.  Satisfactory  references. — 
J.  W.  K  ,  Messrs.  Jno.  Jefferies  &  Co.,  Seed  Warehouse, 
Oxford. 

USEFUL  MAN.— Well  up  in  Building  and 
Repairing  Greenhouses  in  every  branch  ;  also  good  ia 
every  branch  of  Horticulture. — Wages  and  particulars  to 
MILL,  5,  Osborne  Terrace.  Goldsmith's  Place,  Kilbum,  N.W. 

HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
— a  frequent  cause  of  gout  and  rheumatism  is  the 
icfiammatory  state  of  the  blood,  attetded  with  had  digestion 
and  general  debility.  A  few  doses  of  the  Pills  taken  in  time 
are  an  effectual  preventative  against  gout  and  iheumaiism. 
Any  one  who  has  an  attack  of  either  should  use  Holloway's 
Ointment  also,  the  powerful  action  of  which,  combined  with 
the  operation  of  the  Pills,  must  infallibly  effect  a  cure.  These 
Pills  act  directly  on  the  blood,  which  they  purify  and  improve. 
Having  once  subdued  the  severity  cf  these  diseases,  persever- 
ance with  ihe  Ointment,  after  fomenting  the  affected  joints  with 
■warm  brine'  will  speedily  relax  all  stiffness  and  prevent  any 
permanent  contraction. 


i6o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


JtjLY  31,    1886. 


DOULTON   &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH     POTTERY,     LONDON,    S.E. 

VASES,   PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN  EDGINGS,   &0., 

IMPERISHABLE^TERRA^  COTTA. 

Plain  and         \| 
Ornamental 
FavlngB. 

Tiles  for  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories. 
ART  POTTERY,  including  JARDINIERES 

Table  Deooratlons,  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c.. 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE,   LAMBETH   FAfENCE,  AND  THE 

NEW  SILICON   WARE. 

Show  Booms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 


The  "INVINCIBLE"  LAWN  MOWER. 


GARDEN 

ROLLERS. 


WHEEL 

BARROWS. 


Horse-Power 
Lawn  Mowers. 

side  Delivery. 


30s. 


■los 


50s. 


SAMUEL  EDWARDS'  PATENT. 


The  Only  Lawn  Mower  in  which  the 
wood  regulating  Rollers  can  be  used 
either  in  front  or  at  back  of  the  Mower. 


PRICES  (including  Grass  Box), 

o-in.         lo-in.       i=-m.        M-in.         .6-ln. 

30s.    70s.    90s.    110s.    130s. 


AWARDED  the 

First  Prize 

at  each  of  the 

3  Great  Contests 


BIRMINGHAM, 
MANCHESTER, 
and  LONDON. 


Is  the 

BBS  T 

in  the  Market 

VIDE 
B  E  S  IT  L  T  S 

CONTESTS. 


150s.    170s.    190s. 


Side  Delivery. 
30-in.     36-in      42-in. 
£22    £26    £30 


Sole  Makers:    JOHN   CROWLEY   &   CO.,    Sheffield. 


■^^~^^^:=zxiyim 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  SfREFT,  LONDON,  E.G. 


THE    IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HYDRAULIC    RAM. 

Tins  listful '^tlf  acting  Appiratus  uliich  works  diy  ind  night  without  notding  utention  will  raise  water  to 
any  htigbt  or  di  tance  without  cost  for  hltour  or  motive  powtr  whtre  a  few  feet  i-xW  can  be  obtained,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  EstabUshments,  Farm  Buildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c. 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sizes,  in  Oalc  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  54*.  THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   dp.signed   for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  of  aU  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


No.  37.     DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power. 

No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 

Steam  Power.  [Gardens,  &c. 

No.  46a.  IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  49<7.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  50  and  54*.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction. 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hydraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  for  Mansions.  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
WATER  WHEELS,  WARMING  APPARATUS,  BATHS.  DRYING  CLOSETS,  GASWORKS,  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  fart  cj  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimates  furnished. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD~ON    APPLICATION. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
cemmencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


.  Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  — 12  Months,  £\  is.  lod.;    6  Months,  \\s.  iid.  ;    3  Months,  6s.;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  ^i  Ss.  2d. 


P.  0.0.  to 


payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


5  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertis 


..o.,„  u,  „„.i.iA„K,<„ARns  ,t,l,.nK       v..-—    o    °'-     •*<'r,=«'^':°>™'sandBu5inessLettersto"ThePublisher,"attheOffice,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C. 

said  William  RTrHARn^otThenfflr-   .,  w  S''  _      l^"^'  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  by  tht 

saia  WILLIAM  K ICHAED5,  .t  the  OfBce,  41,  Wellmgton  Street.  Pansh  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.-SATURD^Y.  July  31, 1866.  Agent  for  Manchester-JoHN  Hevwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstabltsteti  1841. 


No.  658.— Vol.  XXVI.  {ser'.es.}      SATURDAY,  AUGUST  7.  1S86.  -| 


Registered  at  the  General  1       Price    5d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  ^PosT-FREE,   sj:/. 


CONTENTS. 


Acorn  galls 

American     Florists,     So- 
ciety of  .. 
Annuals    as     decorative 


Arissema  laminatum 

Boiler  contest,  Liverpool 
Books :— 

■'  Rus  in  Urbe  " 
Buddleia  curvifolia 
Calanlhe  versicolor 
Carnation     and     Picotee 

Union,  the  Oxford      . . 
Centaurea  macrocephala . 
Chiriqu',  a  trip  to 
Colonial   Exhibition,  lite- 
rature of  the 


Cypripedium  orphanuin  .. 
Dendrobium  stratiotes  .. 
Devonhurst,       Chiswick, 

Eiineum  on  Vine  flowers 
Flower  Garden,  the 

Forestry 

Fruiis  under  glass 
Gloxinias       at       Messrs. 
Sutton's  . . 

Godetias 

Griffinia  Blumevia 
Hardy  fruit  garden,  the . . 


Herbaceous  border 
Hollyhock,  revival  of  the 
Landscapes,  cutting  out  . 
Lapagerias 
Lilium  candidum 
Lodoicea       seychellarum 

(double  Cocoa-nut) 
Macroscepis  obovata 
Malou,  the  late  M. 
"  Malpighia" 
Oats,  disease  of    .. 
Ubituary  : — 

Bush,  Mr.  T... 
Odontoglossum  crispum  . 
Oncidium  maculatum     . . 
Orchid-houses,  the 
Orchids,  two  new 
Pea,  Prodigy 
Pentstemon,  origin  of  the 

garden    . 
Phaljenopsis,  the  genus  . 
Pinks  and  Pink  culture    . 
Plants  and  their  culture  . 
Potato,  the 

,.     crop,  the 
Rock  gardening  .. 
Sandal  wood 
Scotch  notes 
Seed  farm,  a 

Fekha^  

Northampton    . . 
Oxford   Carnation  and 


;Un 


Seed  sowing. 
Temple  Newe 
179  i  Trees  and  shrubs 
1 75  I  Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Dendrobium  stratiotes     .. 
,,     Williamsianum 

Lodoicea  seychellarum 

Oats,  disease  of 

Phaius  Humbloti 


THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

1  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  PosUge,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  for  America  :-C.  H.  MAROT.  814.  Chestnut  Street. 
Philadelphia.  U.S.A..  to  whom  American  Orders  may  he  sent. 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington.  S.W. 
NOTICE  !  —  COMMITTEE     MEETINGS.      Fruit     and 
Floral,  at  11  a.m.,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
August  10. 

SHOW  OF  PLANTS  AND  FLOWERS. 
N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  120'Clock,  and  the  Pubhc  at  1  o'Clock. 

OYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— 
A  few  ORCHIDS  and  CAMELLIAS  to  be  SOLD 
from   the    Gardens    Chiswick,    at    low  prices,    are   offered    to 
Fellows  of  the  Society,  who  may  obtain  Priced  Lists  on  appli- 
cation to  the  Secretary,  South  Kensigton,  S.  W.     The  PlanU  may 


tChis 


tn  the  Sup 


/^ALNE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— 

yj     The  TWENTY-SECOND  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION 
will  be  held  in  Bowood  Park,    Calne,  Wilts,    on  TUESDAY, 
August  17    when  PKIZES  to  the  amount  ol  ONE  HUNDRED 
and  SEVENTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered.     Amongst  others 
are  the  following  Special  Prizes,  Open  lo  all  England  :  — 
12  varieties  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  ^15,  £,^0,  £$• 
6  varieties  of  Ornamental  Foliage  Plants,  ^Cio,  ^5,  £7  los. 
36  varieties  of  Roses,  Cup  or  £$,  £2  los  ,  £1  los. 

Entries   Close,    August    10.       For  Schedules  and  other  par- 
ticulars apply  to  FRED.  C    HENLY. 

HERBERT  HARRIS. 


SHROPSHIRE    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  SUMMER  SHOW,    AUGUST  18  and   19.     Twenty 
plants,  £25.  £20,  ;i;i5.      CoUection  of  Fruit,  ;i;io,  £6,  £3.      For 
Grapes,  £35.     All  Classes  open  to  All  England.      Schedules 


Shrewsbury. 


Messrs.  ADNITT  and  NAUNTON,  Hon.  Se. 


MAIDENHEAD  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  this  Society  will  be  held  in  the 
Grounds  of  Braywick  Lod^e.  Maidenhead  (by  kind  permission 
of  ).  Hibbert,  Esq.).  on  THURSDAY,  August  iq.  Entries 
Close  on  Thursday,  August  12.  Schedules  and  full  particulars 
can  be  obtained  on  application  to  ^  q  j^jj^q  jjod.  Sec. 
Ray  Park  Cottage,  Maidenhead. 


SANDY  (Bedfordshire)  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
EIGHTEENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION.  Open  to  all 
England,  FRIDAY,  August  27.  ONE  HUNDRED  and 
NINETY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES,  including,  for  10  Stove  and 
Greenhoube  Plants  in  Flower,  ist  Prize,  ;Ci^  ;  ad,  £8  ;  ^id.  £4  : 
4ih,  £i.  Show  ground  close  to  Great  Northern  and  London 
and  Ncrth-Western  Railway  Stations,  Plant  vans  horsed  to 
or  from  free  of  charge.     For  Schedules,  apply 

WILLIAM  GREEN,  Secretary,  Sandy. 


BATH  AUTUMN  SHOW, 
WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  September  i  and  2. 
Amongst  the  Prizes  offered  are  for  ist.    2d.    3d. 

12  Foliage  Plants £6    £4    £2 

12  Stove  or  Greenhouse  Plants ;^I2    £8     £4 

8  Dishes  of  Fruit £^     £2     £\ 

8  Bunches  of  Grapes,  4  varieties  . .  . .     £^     £l     £'i 

Six  other  Classes  for  Grapes,  in  varieties.    Prizes  in  proportion. 

Entries  Close  August  28.       For  Schedules  apply  to 

r4.  Milsom  Street.  Bath.  ^ENJ.  PEARSON.  Sec. 

MR.       D  O  D  W  E  L  L'S  "    G  R  A  N  D 
"  CARNATIONS,"  the  finest  grown. 
5000  Unbloomed  Seedlings,  warranted  of  the  highest  parent- 
age,   unrivalled    whether    tor    bedding   or  forcing    for  spring 
flowering.     31.  ttt.   per  dozen.  21J.  per  100.     Special  terms  for 
quantities.     Particulars  on  application. 

The  Cottage,  Stanley  Road.  Oxford. 

PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  elegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high,  4s.  per  dozen.  251.  per  100.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Latania 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaging  30  inches  high.  12.1. 
per  dozen  ;  less  quantity,  \s.  ^d.  eack.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-free.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Sumford  Hill,  London,  N. 

CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 
The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  strong  3-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  all 

CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 
Other  Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 

RIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 

— Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.  First-class 
strains  (still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
12  years).  PR1MUL.''.S  and  CINERARIAS— u  for  is.  6i., 
24  for  IS.  fid  .  100  for  9;.       CYCLAMEN— 12  for  aj. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery,  Ajtrincham  ; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 

HyaolnthB,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.   VAN   TUBERGEN,    Jan.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,    and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.   25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Ctutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  izt.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

TERIS  TREMULA.— Well  established  in 

small  pots,  12J.  to  155.  per  100,  cash.    Samples  free. 
M.   SMYTH,    Florist,    16,    Beaumont   Square,    Mile    End, 
London,  E. 

To  Uie  Trade. 
RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples  of 
•  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  wiU  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  on 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

TJl    LEWIS  has  a  few  thousand  ADIANTUM 

JP  •  CUNEATUM  to  dispose  :of  out  of  6o's.  Good  stuff, 
i8j.  per  100  for  cash.  Packing  free.  Price  per  1000  on  applica- 
tion. The  LeyUnds,  Derby. 

ABBAGE  SEED    for    SALE.— Good    and 

true  stock.  East  Ham  and  Early  Rainham.  Price 
according  to  quantity. 

F.  WAGSTAFF.  Chalk  Pit  Farm.  Stiffotd.  Romford. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders.  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 

ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS,  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 

and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 

For  Specimens  see  Gardituri  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 

Address,    25,    Wellington    Street,    Strand,    London,    W.C. 

E     HAVE      NOW     A     DEMAND     for 
GARDENIAS,     EUCHARIS,      STEPHANOTIS, 
&c  ;  also  GRAPES  and  other  FKUITS. 

WISE  and  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
.  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 

ANTED,  a  GAS  BOILER,  for  a   Small 

Conservatory.      Full  particulars  to 

GARDENER.    Hooper  &  Batty,   Advertising  Contractors, 

14,  Walbrook,  London,  EC. 

"  Herefordshire  Pomona- ' 

WANTED,    PART    I.,    in   fair    condition. 
Sute  price  to  W,  F.  C  ,  171,  Fleet  Street,  E.C. 


M 


To  tlie  Trade. 
AIDENHAIR    FERNS. —An    immense 

quantity  in  store-boxes,    ready  for  thumb-pots,  6r.  per 
100,  post-free,  cash  with  order.     Apply, 

H.  RAFFELL,  Knkdale  Nusery,  Sydenham,  S.E. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

HOLLYHOCKS.— Chater's  and  Laing's,  best 
varieties  exhibited,    South  Kensington,  August  10,  by 
J.  BLUNDULL,  West  Dul*ich.  S.E. 


CAMELLIA    STOCKS,    fit    for    immediate 
working,  151.  per  100,  packed  free  for  cash. 
E.  COOLING,  Derby. 

JOHN     D  O  W  N  lli    (of  the  late  firm  of 

'J       DowNlE  &  Laird),      144,     Princes    Street,    Edinburgh, 


Telegraphic 


'DOWNIE,"  EDINBURGH. 


NARCISSUS.— All  the   best  varieties  for 
cutting  and  for  every  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  Trade  offer,  which  mav  be  had  upon  application. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,    Hale  Farm   Nurseries.   Tottenham, 


T 


O  THE  TRADE 

16  lb.  F,UCALVPrUS  AMYGDALINA. 
3*  lb.  WAISONIA  DENSIFLORA. 
6  or.  CVATHE*  DREGEI  SPORES. 
Fresh  seed.     Samples  and  prices  from 
R.   W.    ADLAM,   Fordington,   Dorchester. 


ROSES  IN  POTS.—  Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  10  361. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  Engli>h  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,   25,   Savage  Gardens, 
Crulched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


Hyacinths,  Tulips.  Crocus.  &c. 

THE       NEW      WHOLESALE      TRADE 
CATALOGUE    is  now  ready,    and   will   be  forwarded, 
post-free,  on  applicatioo. 

B.  J.  LOMANS,  Haarlem,  Holland. 

Now  Ready. 

TEA  and   NOISETTE    ROSES,    in    Pots, 
of  best  sorts  only,   in  great  quantity,  and  of  best  possible 
quality.     Priced  LIST  gratis.      A  Sample  Dozen  will  be  put  on 
rail,  carefully  packed  for  travelling,  on  receipt  of  13^.  61/. 
EWING  and  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 

New  Fern. 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class   Certificate).  — See    full   description   in    Gardeners 
Chronule,  July  10. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,   55.  and  7f.  6d. 
6  for  215.  and  30J 

E.   G.   HENDERSON   and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 

LEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 

Strong  flowering  Plants  (4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
"  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  ^r  each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS,  iiipots,  is  6d  ,  as,,  to  2S.  6d. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 

PRIMULAS.— PRIMULAS.-PRIMULAS. 
— Seventeenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  is.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  tor.  per  100  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Also  Double  White  Primulas, 
6d.  each.— JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

Ferns— Ferns-  Fern  s. 
B.  MAY  now  offers  an  immense  stock  of 

these,  consisting  of  all  the  most  useful  varieties  for  or- 
namental pots,  or  for  growing  on  ;  16s.  per  100,  cash  with  order. 
D>son's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

OUR  SPECIAL  LIST  of   ORCHIDS,  No. 
81,  with  New  CATTLEYAS,  New  EPIDENDKUMS, 
Stc,  is  now  published. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  CO.,  Colchester. 

To  the  Trade 

CABBAGE  and  ONION  SEED  lor  Autumn  Sowing. 

"  AND  F.    SHARPE    have    fine    Selected 

Stocks  of  the  above-nam'.d  SEEDS,  which  they  are 
prepared  to  offer  at  very  advantageous  prices. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

CHARLES  TURNER'S  NewandDescriptive 
LIST  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  post-free  en  appli- 
cation. The  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough. 

OVEL'S   STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 

Strong  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  \ 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  -^d. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 


H 


H 


l62 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lAUGUST  7,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


i\,|  R.    J.     C.     STEVENS    will     SELL    by 

iVJ.     AUijriON,    at   his  Great     Koons.    18.    King    Street, 


pre 


Garden  W.C.,  on  THUKSDAY  NEXT.  August 
half  past  12  o'UIhcIc  precisely  (instead  of  Wednesday,  as 
viously  announced),  fine  varieties  of  CATTLEYH  GUS- 
K.ELU1ANA,  C  hLDORADO  SPl-ENDtNS  ODONTO- 
GLOS-UM  BlCrONlENSE  ALBUM.  MASDEVaLLIAS, 
DENDKOBES,  ONCIDIUMS,  and  other  OKCHIDS,  ia 
KLOWER. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thuraday  Next  -C 
VALUAKLE  impoktatk 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
Sale  by  AUCTION,  at  hU  Great  Rooms,  38.  Kine 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
August  12.  splendid  massess  of  CCELOGYNE  PANDURATA, 
CALANTHE  CURCULOGOIDKS  (rare).  CYPRIPEDIUM 
SIONEI,  PHALiliMOPSIS  VIOLACEA,  and  P.  SUMA- 
TKANA.  all  in  exiri  fioe  condition,  from  Messis  J.  Lainj 
&  C".  ;  also  importations  of  CATILEYaS.  L.fiLIAS, 
ONCIDIUM  Ji.)N£SIANUM,  and  other  ORCHIDS  from 
Brazil,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutcb  Bulbs  —Trade  Sales 

MR.  J.  C.  bTEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.  on  SATURDAY.  Aueust  t4  at  half  past  is 
o'clock  precisely,  his  first  consignment  ihis  season  of  DUTCH 
FLOWER  ROOTS  from  some  of  the  leading  Growers  in 
Holland,  specially  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  Large 
Buyers. 

On  view  the  morning  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
The     CHOICE       COLLECIJON      of      ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS  formed   by  Dr.  Munyard,  of  Kingston  HiU. 
For  Sale,  without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
ate  favoured  with  insttuctii  ns  from  Dr.  Munyard  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68, 
Cheaoside.  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT.  August  10,  at  hall- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  his  choice  and  well  known  collection 
of  ESTABLISHED  OKCHIUS,  in  very  line  condition, 
including  spleLdid  varieties  of  Lzelia  elegans,  Miltonia 
Reguelli,  Cattleyas,  Oucidiums.  Odonto;.lossuins,  Cypripe- 
diums.  very  fine  specimens  of  Cattleya  intermedia,  and  Lcelia 
purpurata,  Cattleya  Skinnerii,  grand  plants  ;  and  many  others. 
Ou  view  morning  of  Sjle.  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 
CYPRIPEDIU.Vl    .SANUERIANUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  Instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SfLL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  '-ale  Rocmi,  67  and  63  Cheap- 
side,  E,C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  13.  at  half-past 
13  o'CLck  pteciely,  a  splendid  lot  of  this  remarkable  and 
superb  new  CYPRIPEDIUM.  oflered  for  the  first  t  me. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  SANDERIANUM  U  figured  and  fully 
desciibed  in  the  Rekhenbachia.  It  stands  by  itself  in  its 
singular  and  quaint  beauty,  and  is  the  only  Cypnpedium 
besides  cauaatuin  producing  Howers  with  tails  18  and  20  inches 
long  It  produces  three  fl  >wers  and  more  on  the  stem,  the 
petals  are  very  broad  at  the  base,  and  of  a  reddish-purple 
mottled  with  a  light  hue,  the  tail-hke  part  is  black-purple,  and 
the  tips  are  quite  blunt,  covered  with  thick  hairs.  The  pouch 
is  a  dark  brownish-red  It  is  altogether  a  showy,  remarkable, 
and  fine  new  Orchid. 

Professor  Rbichenbach     in  describing  it,   says:— "This  is 
an  extiaordinary  surprise,  as  well  as  a  great  beauty,  from  the 
Malayan  Archipelago.     It  is  a  great  pleisureto  dedicate  this 
fine  novelty  to  Mr.  F.  Sander." 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

SACCOLABIUM  CCELEiTE,  cCELOGYNE  FORSTER. 
MtNNII.    VAND\    Hi)iiKl!,KlI,    aERIDES  GODE- 

fe  FROYANUM,  (  CELOGYNE  PaNDUR.VI'A,  CYPRI- 
PEDIUM SPECItS;  also  a  few  plants  of  the  rare 
Ceyion  variety  01  UkNI5Ri)BlUM  HETEROCARPU  VI. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C.,  on  FK1D.\Y  NEX  \\  August  13.  at  half-past  12  O'clock 
precisely,  a  fine  lot  of  aBRIDES  GODEFROYANUM.  It 
is  a  superb  new  species.  Professor  Reichenbach  describes  it  in 
\\^fi  Gitrdenen'  Chronicle  for  June  26  last,  and  says;— *' The 
most  stately  member  of  the  Foxbrush  group."  The  flowers 
can,  however,  only  be  compared  to  those  of  Aerides  maculosum. 
This  might  be  considered  a  giart  Aerides  alfine  with  Lobbii 
flowers  improved.  Professor  Reichenbach  also  states '' it  pro- 
duces a  magnificent  and  glorious  inflorescence,"  a  statement 
which  is  not  exaggerated.  We  saw  the  plant  in  flower  a  few 
we-ks  since. 

At  ih-  same  time  will  be  sold  a  splendid  lot  of  CCELOGYNE 
PaNUUKATA  a  new  DE.NDROBIU.M  of  exiraorrtinary 
beauty;  also  another  species,  a  yellow  SACCOLABIU.M,  a 
vety  pretty  and  1  jvely  species  ;  the  spikes  are  erect,  and  the 
coluur  o.angc-yellow;  the  finest  lot  yet  seen  of  VANDA 
H  >  'KERil.  and  ihi  -p-ciaoy  beautiful  SACCOLABIU.'H 
tCELEsTE,  CYPKIPEUIU.M  SPKCIES  in  two  varieties, 
to,;einer  w.tn  a  new  Coil^gyiie— COl  lOGYNE  FORbTER- 
M^iNNII-now  offered  lor  tie  first  tl.ue.  lis  fljweis  are  borne 
up  and  twenty  on  soikes  ;  they  are  large  and  pure  white,  with 
a  yellow  dark  siriijed  rip.  Many  other  fine  ORCHIDS  will  be 
offered  on  the  snme  day. 
f  )n  view  m  -ming  of  '=ale.  and  Calalognes  had. 

6U.U0U  Double  Arncin  Tuberoses. 

MESSRS.  PRUTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
havi  received  instructions  to  include  the  above  in  their 
fi...t  special  TRADE  SALE  of  DUTCH  BULBS,  to  take 
p'ace  on  MONDAY,  August  16.  The  Bulbs  will  be  of  the 
finest  quality  that  can  be  procured. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs  —Special  Trade  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  now  FIXED  their 
SALES  01  DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS,  for  the  ensuing  sea- 
son, to  take  place  at  theu  large  Auction  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside.  E.C. 

'Ihe  FIRST  AUCTIONS  will  take  place  on  MONDAY, 
August  16;  THURSDAY,  August  19:  MONDAY,  August 
23  ;  THURSDAY,  August  26  ;  SATURDAY,  August  28  ;  and 
MONDAY.  August  30. 

These  Sales  will  consist  of  lots  specially  made  up  to  suit 
the  Trade  and  Large  Buyers,  and  arrangements  have  been 
made  for  the  supply  of  roots  of  the  best  quality. 

Catalogues  will  be  sent  regularly  oa  application  to  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited, 
Have  a  large  and  fine  stock  of 
EAST  INDIAN,   ME.XICAN,   and  other  ORCHIDS  ;   and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  (resh   importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  also  of  fresh  importa- 
tions as  received,  forwarded  on  application, 

The  Company  have  also  a  large  stock  of  TEA  and  other 
RO.-.ES  in  pjts.  GRAPE  VINES,  FERNS,  and  other  ORNA- 
MENTAL PLANTS. 

LISTS  with  full  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD   and   NURSERIES, 

GARSroN,   LIVERPOOL. 
ADDRESS  for  TELEGRAMS—"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 


FOR  IMMEDIATE  DISPOSAL,  a 
FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.— The  Proprietor  of  a  large 
and  highly  lucrative  business,  in  full  swing,  which  has  been 
established  for  over  twenty  years,  and  is  beauliiully  simaled 
in  the  main  road.  Bayswater,  known  as  Bayswater  Hill,  and 
commands  the  traffic  from  the  piincipal  entrance  to  Kensington 
Gardens,  is  desirous  of  disposing  of  the  same.  There  is  an 
unexpired  term  of  fiiteen  years  to  run  of  the  pre-ent  lease,  at  an 
exceptionally  low  rental,  and  the  trade  return  represents  a 
large  amount  per  annum.  The  books  show  venous  records  of 
Royal  pationage.  and  a  citen-cle  which  includes  a  great 
Dumber  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  of  London,  also  of  numerous 
Country  patrons.  To  those  seeking  a  go'd  Floral  Business 
this  is  confidently  recommended  as  a  first-class  investment.  It 
is  especially  suited  to  a  partnership  where  the  combined 
energies  of  two  or  more  practical  men  would  conduce  to  a  great 
increase,  as  a  large  portion  of  the  business  is  in  Ball  and  Kout 
furnishing,  and  in  the  ever  increasing  demand  lor  floral  decora- 
tions in  refined  society  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  whole 
stock,  plant,  goodwill,  and  lease,  will  be  sold  together  as  a 
going  concerr,  as  the  Proprietor,  being  practically  single- 
handed  in  the  management,  now  finds  it  much  too  great  a  strain 
upon  him,  and  he  wishes  to  retire  in  consequence  of  ill-heallh. 

Further  particulars  avill  only  be  furnished  to  Principals  or 
their  Solicitors.    Apply  to 

J.  A.  KING.  29,  Queen's  Road,  Bayswater,  London,  W. 

TO   BE    LET,  a   SEED    and    NURSERY 
BUSINESS,  near    London.       Long    lease.       Stock  at 


To  Floiyer  and  Flue  Fruit  Growers,  and  FacHers,  or 

SALE'iMEN. 

PAPITAL  WAREHOUSE,  close  to  Covent 

V^     Garden  Market.     Rent.  .£70.     Apply  to 

HY.     CLARKE     and     SON,     39,     King    Street,     Covent 
Gaiden,  W.C. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL      REGISTER     con 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Listria  Park.  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


To  Noblemen  and  Landed  Proprietors. 

CH.    HAWKES,  of  Great    Oueen    Street, 
•     Westminster,    S.W.    (Established    over    twenty   years) 
PREPARES  DESIGNS  for  Laying  out  New  Gardens,  Paiks, 
Lakes,  Roads,  k'^c,  or  Altering  Existing  Grounds. 
Estimates  supplied. 


FOR  SALE,   a  large    number   of  specimen 
STOVE    and    GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    PALMS, 
FERNS,  and  FLOWERING  PLANTS,  at  low  prices  (some 
fine  exhibition  specimens).     Apply, 
JAMES  NOBLE,  Woodbum  Gardens,  Darlington,  Durham. 

BRITISH  FERNS.— For  Sale,  a  quantity  of 
Large  Specimens,  fit  for  present  Exhibition,  at  DADDS' 
well-known  Fetnery,  Langleigh,  lliracombe,  one  of  the  largest 
in  the  kingdom. 


Tree  Carnations. 

HB.   MAY  invites  an  inspection  of  his  im- 
•   inense  stock  of  the  above,  in  48's,  consisting  of 
MISS  JOLIFFE,    ANDALUSIA, 
and  all  the   leading    varieties.     Perhaps  one  of  the  finest  lots 
ever  offend. 
The  Plants  are  full  of  bud.  and  in  the  most  robust  health. 

Also  a  quantity  in  6o's,  fit  for  immediate  potting. 
Silver  ttreet  and  Angel  Road  Stations,  G.E.R.,  are  within  a 
'  walk  of  the  Nursery. 

Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 


fist  Prizes, 
Jilafftieburg, 
1880  &    1885. 


SOW  NOW 

For  Early  Flowering 
in  spring. 


ROEMER'S  SUPERB  PRIZE  PANSY 

RS"  The  Best  Strain  In  the  World.  '^^ 

Fancy  and  Show  Varieties,  fine  mixed,  per  pound,  35s.  ;    per 

ounce,  3J. 
Carefully  saved  only  from  named  Exhibition  Flowers»  splendid 

mixed,    highly    recommended,   per   10,000  seeds  33r., 

Assortment  01  eighteen  varieties,  containing  each  one  packet,  y. 
Giant   Prize    Show,   splendid  mixed,    enormous    flower  up  to 
4  inches  in  diameter,  per  10,000   seeds  451.,  per  1000 
seed:?  5i.,  per  packet  u. 
„     Prize  Show,  bright  golden-yellow,  very  fine  for  bedding, 
per  10,000  seeds  901  .  per  rcoo  seeds  los.,  per  pVt.  is.  6d. 
,,     Prize  Fancy,  splenaid  mixed,  very  fine  and  attractive,  per 
lo.ooQ  seeds  565.,  per  1000  seeds  6s.,  per  packet  is. 
Nettper  Cash.      Caialcgue  fne  on  application. 

FBSDEBIC     BOEMEB, 

SEED    GROWER,     QUEDLINBURG,     GERMANY. 


WEBBS' 

EMPEROR   CABBAGE, 

The  Earliest  and  Best  Cabbage, 

6d.  and  is.  per  packet,  la.  6d.  per  ounce,  post-free. 
7a.  per  pound. 


Mr.  J.  MUIR,  intlie  "JOURNAL  OK  HORTICULTURE  " 

of  May  24,  iayi  : — "  Our  largest  piece  of  Spring 
Cabbage  measures  'jofeet  by  yt/eei,  and  here  we 
ka-je  jnatiy  sorts  growing.  The  best  of  all  these 
at  the  present  time  is 

WEBBS'  EMPEROR." 

Per  Ounce,  Post-free. 

EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE 8d. 

ENFIELD  MARKET  do 6d. 

EARLY  RAINHAM  do 8d. 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 6d. 

LARGE  RED  DUTCH        do.  6d.  per  packet    ..     9d. 


ONION. 

WEBBS'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  M.° 
WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI  . .         6d. 

LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI  6d. 

GIANT  ROOCA 6d. 

WHITE  LISBON  


LETTUCE. 


CABBAGE    VARIETIES. 

Webb's  New  Criterion    ..        ..Is.  6d.  per  pkt. 

Commodore  Nutt la.  Od        ,, 

Hammersmith  Hardy  Green  ..  Od.  6d.       ,, 
Webbs'  Immense  Hardy  Green  la.  Od.       „ 

COS    VARIETIES, 

Webbs'  Selected  Black  Seeded ) 

Bath       f 

Webbs'  Hampshire  Brown 

Hick's  Hirdy  White        ..        ..Is.  Od. 


Is.  6d    per  oz. 
Is.  Od.  per  pkf 


All  Ganlen  Seeds  free  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


W0RD8LEV,8T0URBRIDGE. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  ia  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  '*  Hmts  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of  New,    Rars,     and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  *'  Hardy  North  American  Fbrns," 

free  on  appUcatioiL 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

DANIELS'   SEEDS 

For  Presetii  Sowing. 

CABBAGE.  ^T^''^'"s?l 

DANIELS'  DEFIANCE,  the  finest  Cabbage 

in  cukivalioD,  early,  large  heads,    7  lb.  to 

10  lb,  each   post-free  ..  ..  ..  ..10..      16 

DANIELS'   LITTLE    QUEEN,   a  superior 


nety 


ONIONS. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA 

WHITE  ELEPHANT  TRIPOLI     .. 

GIANT  ROCCA 

CRIMSON  ROCCA        

NEW  WHITE  GLOBE 

IMPROVED  WHITE  SPANISH     .. 
Other  kinds,  (>d.  to  ^d.  per  ounce 

LETTUCES. 

DANIELS'  MONSTROUS   BROWN  COS 
„    GREEN  WINTER  COS 
„    CONTINUITY  CABBAGE      .. 

„    TEXTER     

Other  kinds,  qd.  and  i^.  per  ounc< 


DANIELS    BROTHERS, 

16,  18,  and  20,  EXCHANGE  STREET, 
NORWICH. 

Catalogues  free  on  application. 


lfeui/^',"^S§6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


163 


SUTTON'S 


I  For  Present  Sowing.  I    ^  1"  F"  I    I  ^ 


CABBAGE.        Free  by  Post. 

SUTTON'S  FLOWER  OF  SPRING, 
the  best  for  autuoin  sowing,   haviag 
I  proved  in  our  trials  to  produ 


FULHAM  or  BATTERSEA 


ONION. 


Free  by  Post. 

GIANT  ROCCA per  oz.  i    a 

GIANT  LEMON  ROCCA      ..         ....  16 

THE  QUEEN per  pit.  i    o 

GLOBt  TRIPOLI         per  oz.  o    9 


LETTUCE.        Free  by  Post. 

cos     VARIETIES. 

SUTTON'S  WINTER  WHITE-very 
large,  compact  in  growth,  crisp,  and 

of  encellent  Ravoiir per  pkt.  i     o 

SUTTON'S    CHAMPION    BROWN      „  i    o 

Improved    BLACK-SEEDED    P,ATH  per  oz.  i     6 

CABBAGE   VARIETIES. 

SUTTON'S    COMMODORE    N U IT  per  pkt.  i    o 

SUTTON'S  STANDWELL    ..         ..       ,,  i    o 

HAMMERSMITH  HARDY  GREEN  per  oz.  o    o 

STANSTEAD  PARK ,  i    6 

DRUMHEAD  or  MALTA       09 

Prices  and  full  particulars  o/  otUr  Seeds  for  Present 
.Smuiiis  may  be  had  Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 


mkiufo 


Seedsmen   by   Royal   Warrants  to   H  M.   the 
Queen  and  H  K.H.  tne  Prince  of  Wales, 


READING. 


Very  fine  Specimens  of 

CAMELLIAS,   5    and  6   feet    high,   such    as 
alba   plena,    Lady    Hune's  Blush,    Itnbncata,    &c.,   and 
general  Belgian  Stock,  offered  bv 

LOUIS     EECKHAUTE,     The     "  -        _      . 

Westrem,  near  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Strawberries. 

PAUL  AND  SON  have  now  ready  for  delivery 
in  60  pots,  and  after  i4ih  inst,  Runners  of  all   the    best 
'arieties,  including  the  new  first  earlies  Pauline  and  Kine  of  i  he 
nd  the  new  large  Perpetual  Strawberry,  Roi  Henry, 


prpbably  most  u-eful  for 

Descriptive  LIST,  with  date 

to  date,  post-free  on  applicatioj 

The  "O.d  '  Nu 


wing  in  pots. 

ipenmg  carefully  noted  up 


PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CALCEO- 
LARIAS, CYCLAMEN,  and  BEGONIAS.  It  is  well 
known  that  all  our  strains  are  in  advance  of  thoie  usually 
offered,  and  mostly  unequalled. 

la  pots.  By  post. 

PRIMULAS        ..  31.  doz.  ij.  6rf. 

CINERARIAS  ..        2S.  6i.  doz.        ts.  id. 

CALCEOLARIAS        ..  —  is.  6i. 

CYCLAMEN       ..         ..        3s.  doz,  - 

Special  Prices  per  100  or  1000.     We  have  large  quantities  of 
the  above,  in  splendid  condition. 

H.    CANNELL    &     SONS, 

The  Home  of  Flowers, 

SWANLEY,  KENT. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4r/.  per  buihel :  100  for  255.  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
Aoi. :  ^-bushel  bags,  ^.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  6rf.  per  sack  ; 
5  s.acks  ssr.  ;  sacks,  \d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  221.  ;  sacks, 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  IS.  9<i.  per  bushel;  15s.  per  half 
ton,  ids   per  ton  in  2.bushel  bags,  41/.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF. 
MOULD,  ij   pe-.  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  is.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  O  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21.  Goldsmith's 
Street.  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  \^\,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


Siuble  Pararrin 

CiMtbEN  INSECTICIDE 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.'S 

NORWEGIAN 

FISH -POTASH    MANURE. 

Fish  Manure  is  composed  of  flesh  and  bone— the  best 
of  all  fertilising  materials,  and  in  combination  with  pure 
Salts  of  Potash  and  Magnesia  forms  a  perfect  fertiliser, 
as  it  contains  the  important  ingredients  of  Ammonia, 
Phosphates  and  Potash  in  their  most  concentrated  and 
available  form.  It  is  equally  valuable  for  Farm  Use,  for 
Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  and  produces  wonderful 
growth,  especially  with  Vines. 


The  Average  Manuriil  Constituents  are  as  follows  : — 
Cod  Fish  and  Potash.      Herring  and  Potash. 

Per  Cent.  Per  Cent. 

7.0  ..  ..  Ammonia        ..      ..     8.30 

20.0  ..  ..  Phosphates    ..     ..     9.0 

15.0  ..  ..  Pmash 150 

10.0  ..  ..  Magnesia      ,.     ..   10.0 

Or,  in  other  words,  a  ton  of  COD  FISH  and  POTASH 
is  composed,  approximately,  of — 
10  Cwt.  of  Dried  Fish  Flesh— Organic  Matter. 
4     „      of  Dried  Fish  Bone— Phosphates. 
3     ,,      Sulphate  of  Potash. 
2     ,,      Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 
I    „      of  Moisture,  and  ingredients  not  of 
—  mannrial  value. 


The  Prices  are  £10  per  Ton  (bags  included)  (or  the  COD, 
and  £9  for  the  HERRING,  on  Rails  in  the  Docks,  subject  to 
Discount  for  prompt  Cash. 


Retail  Prices,  Carriage  Paid,  upon  receipt  of  POO. 

IN  TINS.-2  lb.  for  11. ;  and 

IN  BAGS,  7  lb.,  21.;  i4lb..4s  ;  28  1b.,6j.  W. ;  561b.,  loi.  6d. 

iji  cwt.,  2or. ;  2  cwt.,  30J.      Bags  Iree. 


^^  Apply  to  all  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  or  to 

3.    JENSEN     &    CO., 
10,    ST.    HELEN'S   PLACE.    LONDON.    E.G. 

I>EESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
-^  Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  iJ.,  2J.  6.^.,  5J,  ei/.. 
and  lol.  6(/.,  or  1  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
.nen  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  giiaranleed  of  the  best  quality. 


12-oz.  Sample  Pacliets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  li  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  I5i. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  sr.  ;  5  Bags,  22J.  6d.  ;  10  Bags, 
451.     Bags  included.       Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loj.  W.  per  Bag. 


rPHOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
-L  PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
uu  soltly  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  ^iurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwt.  and  over  carriage  paid. 
Our  Lo"djn  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  jo,   Victoria  Road, 


For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 
and  CRICKET  PITCHES,  use 

BE  L  L  I  C  I  D  E  ,  " 
the  DAISY  and  WEED  ERADICATOR.  Manufac- 
tured by  HURST  AND  SON,  152,  Hourdsditch.  London,  E. 
To  be  obtained  (with  needful  instructions)  from  all  Seedsmen 
and  Florists  everywhere.    Sample  Dredger-canister,  ir.  per  post. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Estaljlrshed  1854. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pkize  Medals. 

Quatllty,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included. 

PEAT,  best  brown  librous    ..    5i.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22f.  td. 
Pll  AT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   ^.  6d.       „       5  sacks  tor  20J. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5J.  id.       „       5  sacks  for  25J. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     ~l 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  lis.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,beslonly  ..     f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  u.  6a.  per  bush.,  14J.  half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  unported        ..     8</.  lb.   sSlb.  rSs. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Sptoalit^)    Sa'.lb.,  2S  lb  i8s. 

MUSH  ROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MUllrack  . .      5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM    MOSS,  all  selected,  2s.  per  bush..  6r.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

allkindsofPlants,  Flowers  Fruits,  VeBetables,&c.  Tins,  is.  W. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3J.;  141b., SJ.;  2Slb..8i.;   561b., 141.:   icwt.22I. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  0ijly-i4lb,  3!-;  281b.,  <,s.6a.; 

56  lb  ,  los.  bd. :  I  cwt ,  i7r.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  is.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs  ;  15  sacks,  13^.  ;  20  sacics,  i7r.  ; 

30  sacks,  25J;  40  sacks,   30J.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  rail, 

25f.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 


Pints,  IS.  :    Quarts,  is.  8d.  ;   Gallons,  55.  6d. 

R.   M.   FHXLLIPPS  &  CO.,    DARTFORD,    KENT. 


CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

'V7EST  FERRT  ROAD,  UILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


HUCHES*  SOLUBLE 
FIR-TREE  OIL 'NSECTICJDE 

Is.  6d.,  2a.  6d.>and4B.  6d.  a  Bottle ;    Galloo,  12a.  6<!l.. 
less  in  Urger  quantities. 

HXTGHES'  APHICIDE,  Is.  6d.    By  post  is.  Sd. 
HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  Is. ;  post  is, 3d. 

Also  CREAM  SHADING,  9d.  pei  Box,  per  post  la. 
HUGHES'   FLORAL    CEMENT,    in    Bottles, 

Is.  and  23. 

HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most    effectual    in    Greenhouses,    6d.,    18.,  aid    2a.  6d. 

Post  3d.  extra. 
ATREAlTSEon  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
sent  Pcst-lree,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E  G.  HUGHES, 
Operative  Chemist,  Victoria  Street,  Manchester.  Wholesale 
from  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants. Wholesale  Druggists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


SMITH'S    WEED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


Effectually  Destroys 
Weeds,  Moss,  Dande- 
lions, &c..  on  Garden 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


MARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing   Chemist, 

LOUTH,        LINCOLNSHIRE. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  a  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressmg  (or  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  io  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3^.,  and  la;.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes,    6<i.    and    is.,    from  the    Trade. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 

AND   GENERAL    HORTICULTURAL    PURPOSES. 

HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 


ILVER    SAND.— 24J-.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 

Best.  30J.  do.  :  PEAT,  6oj.  per  truck  of  lo  cubic  yards. 
80J,,  looi.,  and  nor.  do.;  LO.-\M,  best,  5or.  per  truck  of 
;  ORlJHID  MUS-,  &c. 
W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


s 


WANTED,  every  Florist  to  use  CASBON'S 
LIGHT    WOOD    POaTAL  BOXtS  ;    they  will   be 
found  ihe  Be.t  and  Cheapest  io  the  Market.  Sample  and  Price 
List  six  stamps.     Boxes  (or  all  kinds  oi  purpises  made  to  order. 
T.  CASBON.  Box  Maker,  Milllield  Works,  Peterboro'. 

RoBber's  Garden  Edging  TUef. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
aie  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  . 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ' 
GARDENS,  as  they  bar- 

take  up  Uttle 
once  put  down, 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  coeaper  . 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Ariihcial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Biackfnars,  S.E.  ;  Kiog's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  : 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES. 

PLANT    COVERS,   and    PROPAGATING    BOXES .    also 

for   FoXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  suppUed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3r.  per  square  yaid  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plam  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHUE    GLAZltD    TILES,  for  Linmg  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Srable 

Paving  ol  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  preai  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO  ,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.      Samples  of  Sand  Iree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BKICK  bURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    supplied  at  lowe 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


1  any 


i64  THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.  [au-ust  7.  ,886. 

FRIDAY    NEXT. 

CYPRIPEDIUM   SANDERIANUM. 


jyjESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS  are  instructed  by   Mr.   F. 

Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central   Sale   Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  13,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  splendid  lot  of  this  remarkable  and  superb 

NEW    CYPRIPEDIUM-ofFered  for  the  first  time. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  SANDERIANUM  is  figured  and  fully  described  in  the  Retckenbachia.  It  stands 
by  itself  in  its  singular  and  quaint  beauty,  and  is  the  only  Cypripedium,  besides  caudatum,  producing  flowers 
with  tails  i8  and  20  inches  long.  It  produces  three  flowers  and  more  on  the  stem,  the  petals  are  very  broad 
at  the  base,  and  of  a  reddish-purple,  mottled  with  a  light  hue  ;  the  tail-like  part  is  black-purple,  and  the  tips 
are  quite  blunt,  covered  with  thick  hairs.  The  pouch  is  a  dark  brownish-red.  It  is  altogether  a  showy, 
remarkable,  and  fine  new  Orchid. 

Professor  Reichenbach,  in  describing  it,  says  : — "  This  is  an  extraordinary  surprise,  as  well  as  a  great 
beauty,  from  the  Malayan  Archipelago.     It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  fine  novelty  to  Mr.  F.  Sander." 


On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


NEW    MAGNIFICENT  ORCHID, 

DENDROBIUM    STRATIOTES.    Rohb.  f. 

"A  highly  curious  and  marvellous  Dendrobe,  Rchb.  f "    See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  February  27,  1886,  page  266. 
Good  Healthy  Plants,  with,  strong  growths,  42s.,  84s.,  and  210s.,  according  to  size. 

SENT    FREE    OF    CHARGE    TO    ANY    PART    OF    THE    UNITED     KINGDOM. 

ROYAL   EXOTIC   NURSERIES  OF  THE   COMPAGNIE  CONTINENTALE  d'HORTICULTURE 

(J.  LINDEN),  Ghent,  Belgium. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO ,  HXTNDBED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,  M.P.        Yi^^x\r^X.&^  ixom.  t\i^  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  6s.  ;    fifty,  10s. :   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of  not   less   than  twenty-five   delivered.    Carriage    Free,    in   London   only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.    RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


August  7,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


165 


CARTERS' SEEDS 


PRESENT    SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
tion.    Very  distinct.      The  heads  are  extremely  firm, 
weighing  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  Sealed  Packets  only— Per  Packet,  is.  and  dd.  ;  per 
ounce,  2J.     All  Post-firee. 

CABBAGE-Carters' Mammoth  Beeftieart 

The   best   main-crop  Garden  Cabbage  in  cultivation  ; 
quisite   flavour,   very  few 


radily  r 


and  td.  \  per  ounce,  \s.  6ii. 
Price  per  pkt. ,  post- free. 


very  large  firm    heads  of 
outside  leaves,    and  doe 
Summer  Cabbage  known 
In  Sealed  Packets— Per  Pkt. 

LETTUCE. 

CARTERS'  GIANT  WHITE  COS         ..     6J.  and 
DUNNETT'S  GIANT  WINTER  COS  ..     6J.  and 
HARDY  NORTHERN  KING  COS      .. 
ALL  THE   YEAR   ROUND   CABBAGE 

LETTUCE 6rf.  and 

Post-free.     Per  oi.     Pei 


ONION. 


GIANT  ROCCA 
GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 
EARLY  WHITE  NAPLES 
GIANT  MADEIRA    .. 


237  (St  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS 
OF    CHOICE 
FLORISTS'  FLOA/ERS,  &c. 

Iff    /iaz>e    much    pletuure    in    offering  strong    healthy 

traniplanted  Seedlings    frotn   our   superb   ttrains  0/  the 

folhvjtng:—  Perdo7.     Per  loo. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers  s.  d.           s.  d. 

only, beautifully  tigered  and  spotted.,  i     6     ..10     6 

CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,   from 

stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent, 

of  fioe  double  blooms     . .          . .          . .  i     6     . .    10     6 

CARNATIONS,  choicest  yellow,  very  fine  2     6     . .      — 

CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  strain       ..  i     6     ..10     6 

,,     new  dwarf,  large  flowered,  fioe  2     o     . .    12     6 
CYCLAMEN,  Strong  young  plants,  from 

single  pots,  for  blooming  next  season  . .  —       . .     — 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM    ALBUM, 

pure  while,  very  fine                                . .  46      . .    30     o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed        ..  40     ..   25    o 

PRIMULA,    Crimson  King,    magnificent  26..— 

.,     Crimson  King,  extra  strong  plants  . .  36            — 

,,     DanieL' choicest  white,  fine ..         ..  i     6     ..    10    6 

„     Daniels' choicest  red,  splendid         ..  i     6     . .    10    6 
,,     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beauti- 
ful varieties i     6     . .    10     6 

,,     DanieU'  choicest  mixed,  extra  strong 

plants              26     ..    15     o 

PANSY.    Emperor  William,    deep   ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine    .,                     ..  10.,     76 
POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice  10..     76 
Carriage  Paid  011  receipt  0/  Post-office  Order. 

DANIELS  BROS-,  Town  Close  NuraerleB,  Norwich. 


Q    A    B    B 

AGE         SEEDS 

to  offer  :— 

Dwarf  York 

Large  York 

Enfield  Market 

Early  Rainham 

East  Ham 

Ellam's  Early 

Ofienham 

Dwarf  Nonpareil 

Wheeler's  Imperial 

Leeds  Market 

Flat  Dutch 

Drumheads. 

All  are  o 

JT  own  home-CTOwn  choice  stocks. 
Prices  on  application  to 

TABER     AND 

CULLEN,      Seed    Growers,     Rivenhall, 

Witham.  Essex. 

DUTCH 

AND      CAFE      BTTLBS. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  k  SON'S 
CATALOGUE    FOR    1886. 

The  above,  containing  details  of  our  immenis  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants  (84  pages,  in  English). 
IS  NOW  READY,  and  will  as  usual  be  i«nt  post-frbe  on  appli' 
cation  to  ourselves,  or  our  General  Agents  for  Great  Britain, 
Messrs.  MERTENS  and  CO..  3,  Cross  Lane.  St.  Mary-at-Hill. 
London,  E.C. 

ANT.       ROOZEN      and      SON, 

OVERVEEN.  near  HAARLEM.  HOLLAND. 


DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH    BTTIiBS    CHEAP. 
ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 


Containing  LUt  of  all  the  h«t  vanMies  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNOWDROPS,  ac.,  free  on  application  to 

WAT  KINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,   STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


THE    BEST    BULBS 

AT    MODERATE    PRICES. 


SUTTON'S 
BULB  CATALOGUE 

Will  be  published  in  a  few  days 
Gratis  and  Post-free  to  all  Applicants. 


SUTTON    &    SONS, 

ROYAL    BERKS    SEED    ESTABLISHMENT. 
BEADINO. 


Now  Ready, 

REICHENBACHIA' 

ORCHIDS   ILLUSTRATED 
AND  DESCRIBED. 

By     F.     SANDER,    St.    Alban's. 

This  Work  is  issued  in  Monthly 
Parts,  each  containing  four  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates  by  eminent 
Floral  Artists. 

The  History  and  Culture  of  each 
Plant  is  given  in  English,  French, 
and  German.  The  Latin  Descrip- 
tions and  Leaders,  &c.,  by  Professor 
Reichenbach. 


Price  ofeach  Number  to  Subscribers, 
7s,  6d.  per  Month, 

Size  oj  Plates,  21  inches  by  l^  inches. 


Sample  Copies  post-free  on  application,  to  be  re- 
tamed  in  case  of  noo-sabscrlptlon  to 

F.  SANDER.  ST.  ALBAN'S. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES 

AND    LILIT70I    HABBISn, 

Grown    by    Wm.    Risley,    Maritziur^,    Natal, 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
axe  hereby  informed  that  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  description.  The  Bulbs  promise 
to  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  market. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  freely  for  delivery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early 
application.  Quotations  very  low.  Terms— net  cash.  For  prices 
and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR, 

17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V>'  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6*.  per  bushel 
(i5.  extra  per  bushel  for  padeage),  or 
(>d.  per  cake ;  firee  by  parcel  poet,  u. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages ana  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


SATURDAY,   AUGUST  7,    if 86. 


A    SEED     FARM. 

A  LARGE  party  left  London  on  July  21  for 
Manningtree,  for  the  purpose  of  visiting 
the  1 500  acres  of  land  devoted  by  Messrs.  Carter 
partly  to  agriculture  and  the  growth  of  seed 
com,  and  partly  to  horticulture— the  "  flower 
farms"  including  one  of  the  largest  seed-growing 
businesses  in  England.  Horticulturists  naturally 
become  somewhat  hardened  to  the  wonderful 
effects  of  such  displays  of  flowers  as  only  a  seed 
grower  can  exhibit  ;  but  at  St.  Osyth,  where  the 
flower  farm  extends  to  150  acres,  the  gravity  of 
the  veterans  fairly  failed  them.  The  brilliancy 
of  the  colours  so  surprised  a  gentleman  who 
is  not  a  horticulturist,  and  who  was  paying 
his  first  visit  to  these  dazzling  fields,  that 
he  exclaimed,  "Can  this  be  genuine.'"  He 
had  never  moved  in  such  a  world  before, 
among  colours  to  whose  effect  we  may  apply 
the  words  used  by  Othello  in  the  last  sad  soli- 
loquy before  he  kissed  and  smothered  Desde- 
mona— colours  so  perfect  and  so  bright,  that 
after  looking  for  a  short  time  on  the  widespread 
beds  of  purple,  red,  blue,  white,  and  other 
colours,  the  eyes  grow  tired  and  pained — 
the  "sense  aches"  at  the  sight.  Amid  this 
large  display  of  wonders  one  can  hardly  parti- 
cularise ;  but  the  Tom  Thumb  TropEeolums 
originated  here,  and  perhaps  among  these 
"  little  wonders,"  the  greatest  wonders  in  regard 
to  colour  and  floral  display  are  found.  Here  is 
King  of  Tom  Thumbs,  a  brilliant  scarlet, 
an  acre  of  it  all  ablaze,  and  hardly  a  leaf  to  be 
distinguished  among  the  mass  of  blossom.  What 
a  contrast  to  the  unmodified  Nasturtium  of 
thirty  years  ago,  which  was  little  better  than  a 
tangled  jungle  of  leaves  and  straggling  stems, 
with  a  few  blossoms  here  and  there. 

For  several  hours  the  horticulturists  were 
continually  being  electrified  :  Ruby  King  Tom 
Thumb  Tropneolum,  a  marvellous  purple-red, 
greatly  struck  us,  and  we  were  struck  again 
with  Dunnett's  Tom  Thumb.  An  acre  and  a 
half  of  Sweet  Alyssum  brought  us  the  relief  of  a 
sheet  of  pure  white,  and  a  ridiculous  black  and 
villanous  Potato,  introduced  from  Zululand,  and 
planted  here  as  a  foil  probably,  quite  cheered 
us  up. 

After  so  much  beauty  and  perfection  it  was 
a  relief  to  meet  with  something  ugly.  But 
more  shocking  was  to  follow,  for  we  fell  in  with 
the  new  Eschscholtzias,  delicate  yellows  and 
several  other  colours,  very  superior  to  the  coarse 
yellow  original  Eschscholtzia.  Also  Larkspurs, 
very  shocking  !  and  the  scarce  and  sweet 
yellow  Lupin,  which  had  a  great  effect  on  the 
most  experienced  florist  of  the  party,  owing  to 
its  rarity.  He  moved  on  at  length,  for  some 
one  cried  "  Eccremocarpus  ! "  and  there  was 
that  handsome  creeper  growing  as  a  field  crop, 
supported  by  sticks  like  a  Pea,  and  blossoming 
freely.  This  speaks  well  for  Essex,  and  for  the 
rich,  deep,  dry  land  of  .St    Osyth. 

The  Centaureas,  the  Emperor  blue  Corn- 
flower, and  the  pure  white,  palled  us  up  for  a 
moment,  as  did  a  great  number  of  annuals  and 
other  flowers  worthy  to  be  named.  Pansies 
and    Carnations,     Candytuft,     Marigold,     and 


1 66 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[Attgust  7,  1886, 


Mignonette,  Coreopsis,  and  the  rest,  com- 
mon bat  beautiful.  We  noticed  in  passing 
the  curious  habit  of  the  Convolvulus  minor, 
which  turns  its  blossoms  to  the  south,  so 
that  if  you  sow  it  outside  your  windows 
they  should  not  be  on  the  south  side  of 
the  house,  or  the  habit  of  the  flower  will 
prove  a  drawback.  But  here  we  are  among  the 
Godetias,  electrified  again  !  They  are  indeed 
terribly  lovely  !  The  Lady  Albemarle  is  one  of 
the  most  brilliant  and  full  of  blossom  ;  and 
Lady  Satin,  a  rose-coloured  Godetia,  was  also 
much  admired.  Happily  the  Nemophila  was 
out  of  blossom,  and  to  that  extent  we  escaped 
the  exhaustion  which  electric  eels  are  said  to 
feel  when  the  shocking  has  been  too  constant 
and  severe. 

The  care  and  pains  bestowed  here  are  beyond 
praise.  The  beds  are  most  carefully  "  rogued." 
"  Improved"  flowers,  much  mixed  in  breed,  are 
extremely  liable  to  produce  always  a  few  plants 
which  are  not  true  to  type,  and  these  are  re- 
moved with  so  much  care  that  we  scarcely 
detected  a  single  straggler  in  a  survey  extending 
over  several  hundred  acres. 

To  this  short  notice  of  flowers  must  be  added 
a  word  on  the  several  varieties  of  Wheat  which 
were  cross-fertilised  at  Forest  Hill  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Sharman,  Messrs. 
Carter's  manager.  They  present  decided  novel- 
ties, especially  the  bird-proof  Wheat,  and  one 
or  two  very  early  sorts  bred  from  Talavera. 
Their  reception  on  the  market  when  offered 
should  be  warm.  H.  E. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRISPUM,  Lindl. 
From  what  I  have  seen  Baron  Hruby's  plant 
comes  nearest  O  lontoglossum  crispum  Veitchianum. 
It  is,  no  doubt,  very  grand.  Sepals  neatly  broad, 
the  lateral  ones  rather  long,  plicated  along  the  disc 
with  brown,  and  adorned  at  the  margins  with  mauve. 
Petals  nearly  unguiculate,  triangular,  toothed  and 
wavy  brown  in  disc,  with  mauve  marginal  decora- 
tion. This  made  its  appearance  quite  of  late  at  Mr. 
F.  Sender's.  I  believe  it  is  the  same  plant  of  which 
Mr.  Sander  favoured  me  with  a  fine  dried  wild  grown 
flower.  The  plant  has  been  exhibited  at  South  Ken- 
sington, where  it  had  a  certificate.  It  has  to  leave 
England,  Baron  von  Hruby  having  just  purchased  it 
at  the  low  figure  of  too  guineas.   H.  G.  Rchb.  /. 

Cypripedium  orphanum,  h.  hybr.  Angl.,  Hon. 
Veitch. 

The  leaves  are  short,  remarkably  stiff,  very  shinmg, 
not  marbled.  Peduncle  very  tall,  reddish-brown. 
Bract  exceedingly  short.  Uppersepal  triangular,  blunt 
at  the  apex,  with  a  dark  purple  midline,  seven  green 
nerves  on  each  side,  light  purple  hue  on  the  margin. 
Body  of  upper  sepal  very  short,  with  ten  green  nerves. 
Petals  oblong,  blunt  acute,  a  little  bent  down,  flat, 
white,  with  a  deep  purple  midline,  mostly  olive-green, 
spotted  at  ba^e.  Lip  very  wide,  nearly  retuse  on 
mouth,  purple-brown  in  front,  light  sulphur  at  the 
back,  with  numerous  purple  spots  on  the  base, 
Staminode  with  an  inSexed  tooth  on  each  side  and  a 
yellow  apiculus  in  the  mid,  light  purple-brown  on 
each  side. 

This  poor  plant  has  no  known  parents,  it  is  an 
orphan.  It  app-ared  at  the  Riyal  Exotic  Nursery  of 
Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  under  Mr.  Seden's  care. 
With  all  deference  to  this  grand  establishment  we  can- 
not believe  in  generalio  (rquivoca.  Parents  must  be, 
Omne  vivum  ex  ovn.  But  who  were  the  unknown 
parents?  I  guess  Cypripedium  Druryi  and  C.  Argus. 
The  small  bract,  the  small  lower  sepals,  the  yellow  back 
of  the  lip,  the  deep  lines  in  the  middle  of  the  upper 
sepal  .and  the  somewhat  deflexed  petals  speak  for 
Cypripedium  Dmryi ;  as  the  short  leaf,  the  tall 
peduncles,  the  spots  of  the  petals,  the  staminodes, 
the  upper  sepal,  except  the  midline,  make  one  think 
of  Cypripedium  Argus,   ff.  O.  Rekb.  f. 


A   TRIP   TO    CHIRIQUI. 

lC«ntinu,d  from  f.  142.) 

On  entrance  into  the  river  we  found  it  a  swift 
flowing  stream  some  50  yards  in  width,  its  banks  on 
both  sides  completely  covered  with  a  majestic  Palm 
locally  known  as  the  "  Silicoo."  This  tree  is  known 
to  botanists  under  the  name  of  Raphia  tredigera, 
Mart.,  and  according  to  the  authors  of  Genera  Plant- 
arum  it  is  the  only  American  species  of  the  genus, 
the  remaining  five  or  six  which  constitute  all  at 
present  known,  being  natives  of  Tropical  Africa  and 
Madagascar, 

It  is  a  handsome  and  noble  tree,  and  appears  to 
exult  in  the  swampy  alluvial  deposit,  which  is  a 
characteristic  of  the  district  for  some  miles  inland. 
The  large  quantity  of  trees,  and  their  luxuriant 
growth,  without  doubt  form  one  of  the  provisions  of 
Nature  for  rendering  such  tracts  of  country  inhabit- 
able for  human  beings,  and  probably  exert  in  this 
their  own  home  an  equally  beneficent  influence  on 
the  hygiene  of  the  neighbourhood  as  do  the  Euca- 
lyptus and  other  trees  of  luxuriant  growth,  in  situa- 
tions where,  from  the  dampness  of  the  locality,  their 
presence  is  required  to  absorb  the  superabundant 
moisture. 

The  leaves  alone  of  those  we  saw  on  the  Wari- 
Biarra  River  were  fully  50  feet  in  length  and  about 
6  to  S  feet  in  width,  forming,  as  Wallace  says, 
"  probably  the  largest-sized  leaf  in  the  whole  vege- 
table kingdom." 

The  tree  bears  a  fruit  oval  in  outline,  some  3  inches 
in  length,  and  2  inches  in  diameter,  which  is  covered 
with  regularly  imbricated  brown  polished  scales, 
making  it  look  at  first  sight  more  like  the  fruit 
of  a  Coniferous  tree  than  the  seed  of  a  Palm,  It 
forms  a  very  pretty  ornament  for  the  drawing-room 
table  when  fully  ripe. 

For  some  two  or  three  miles  our  route  lay  through 
the  district  on  which  these  trees  were  growing,  but  ere 
we  had  reached  their  inland  limit  we  were  overtaken 
by  a  perfect  deluge  of  rain,  which  eff';ctually  put  a 
stop  to  our  observations  for  the  evening.  However, 
some  time  after  dark  we  arrived  at  "  Riley's  Ranch," 
a  building  situated  on  a  Banana  plantation,  and 
erected  for  the  convenience  and  shelter  of  the 
labourers  engaged  thereon.  We  found  this  tenanted 
by  numerous  Indians  -and  their  dogs,  but  as  it  was 
large  and  fairly  water-tight,  we  soon  set  to  work, 
slung  hammocks,  changed  clothes,  &c.,  and  alter  a 
fine  brew  of  steaming  hot  chocolate,  in  addition  to 
our  substantial  meal,  we  sought  repose.  We  were 
disturbed  at  intervals  by  the  barking  of  the  dogs  and 
the  demoniacal  bowlings  of  the  baboons  in  the  adjicent 
woods.  At  daylight  next  morning  the  sky  was  clear, 
and  we  again  pursued  our  journey. 

The  river  was  now  in  high  flood,  which  made  it 
laborious  work  for  the  men  at  the  oars,  and  the  hours 
glided  rapidly  by,  taken  up  as  they  were  by  observa- 
tions on  the  many  new  and  exciting  objects  which 
momently  came  into  view.  Numerous  birds  were 
seen,  of  all  sizes  and  colours,  in  fact  to  the  sportsman 
or  naturalist,  as  well  as  to  the  botanist,  there  was 
plenty  of  material  to  occupy  their  undivided  attention. 
We  had  by  this  time  approached  "The  Rapids," 
which  consisted  of  deep  whirling  eddies  or  pools, 
interspersed  with  rocky  and  shingly  shallow  banks, 
over  which  but  little  water  was  running.  The  deep- 
est part  of  the  shallows  were  chosen,  and  the  canoe 
had  to  be  hauled  over  by  ropes  provided  for  the 
purpose.  No  sooner  were  we  out  of  one  difficulty 
than  we  were  into  another,  the  principal  danger 
lying  in  sunken  trees,  which  in  the  thick  muddy 
water,  caused  by  the  previous  day's  downpour,  were 
very  hard  to  detect.  These  were  all  passed  success- 
fully, and  we  reached  Jessy  Town  at  about  noon.  It 
was  situated  at  a  junction  of  two  rivers,  down  which 
a  number  of  Indians  had  come  to  meet  us.  These 
people  were  universally  short  in  stature,  hut  very 
athletic  and  robust,  and  appeared  to  us  inoffen- 
sive, peaceable,  and  docile.  Both  men  and  women 
were  painted  on  the  cheeks  in  different  patterns,  in 
which  squares  and  diamonds  predominated,  and  done 
in  red  and  black  paint.  On  enquiry  I  found  that 
they  manufactured  the  black  themselves  from  a 
fragrant  kind  of  gum  (extracted  from  one  of  the 
native  trees)  called  Pontapee,  which  appeared  to 
resemble  the  Gam  elemi  of  commerce. 

The  special  tree  affording  this  latter  'product  is  a 
matter  of  considerable  doubt,  Grisebach  describes 
it    aa    the   produca    of    a    DDminican    tres    named 


Dacryodes  hexandra,  Gr.,  while  other  authors  give  it 
as  b^ing  obtained  from  Amyris  balsamifera,  L.,  and 
allied  species. 

If  the  gum  should  prove  to  be  produced  by  any  of 
the  Jamaican  trees,  it  will  add  another  to  the  list  of 
"  minor  products  "  which  are  in  process  of  develop- 
ment, and  inquiries  into  the  subject,  in  the  interest  of 
cultivators  generally,  will  not  be  lost  sight  of.  There 
are  three  species  of  Amyris  indigenous  to  Jamaica, 
while  a  fourth,  native  of  Cuba  and  Trinidad,  belongs 
also  to  the  locality  of  which  we  write. 

It  readily  ignites,  and  burns  freely,  producing  quan- 
tities of  black  smoke,  which  deposit  a  very  pure  kind 
of  lamp-black,  which  is  the  substance  used.  Red 
ochre  is  purchased  at  the  stores  by  the  Indians  when 
they  come  down  to  the  settlements  to  barter  or  trade 
for  clothing  and  other  necessaries,  and  forms  the  con- 
trasting colour  with  which  the  face  is  ornamented. 
The  colours  are  mixed  with  fat,  and  we  were  informed 
that  the  article  most  preferred  was  obtained  from 
cockroaches  1  That  abundance  of  these  pests  existed 
everywhere  of  a  very  large  size  we  were  well  satisfied, 
but  the  statement  as  to  the  use  of  their  fat  was  taken 
aim  grano  salis. 

The  mission-house  was  a  large  building,  constructed 
solely  by  the  Indians  for  the  use  of  the  mission 
parties  who  visit  them  regularly  once  a  month,  and 
was  constructed  solely  of  the  products  of  the  various 
Palms  so  abundant  in  the  neighbourhood.  We  took 
up  our  quarters  therein,  and  found  it  airy  and  com- 
fortable. The  Indians  usually  sleep  upon  the  ground, 
the  bed  being  made  of  the  leaves  of  a  plant  known  as 
the  Pimento  Palm,  Acanthoriza  aculeata.  The  leaves 
are  fan-shaped,  and  when  tied  two  together  in  opposite 
positions  they  form  an  efiicient  shelter  from  the  rain, 
for  which  purpose  they  are  used  by  the  Indians,  as 
well  as  for  beds  and  thatching  purposes. 

Again  the  inevitable  dog  was  present,  and  I  wit- 
nessed a  curious  instance  of  the  affection  of  these 
people  for  the  canine  race.  They  use,  for  carrying 
their  children,  goods,  and  effects,  strong  nets  made  of 
the  fibre  from  the  leaves  of  Bromelia  pita,  or  Silk- 
grass  ;  and  on  examining  one  of  these  bags  hanging 
up  near  the  kitchen  I  found  to  my  surprise  a  litter 
of  young  pups  about  three  or  four  days  old,  which 
had,  I  learnt,  been  brought  by  one  of  the  boys  a 
distance  of  several  miles. 

Around  the  mission  house  on  all  sides  were  grow- 
ing large  quantities  of  several  species  of  dwarf  Palms, 
mostly  belonging  to  the  genera  Chamaedorea  and 
Geonoma ;  among  the  latter  was  a  very  beautiful 
species  with  a  thick  plumose  head  of  irregularly 
pinnate  leaves,  which  were  bifid  at  the  apex.  There 
were  also  large  quantities  of  several  different  Heli- 
coniads  and  other  genera  of  the  order  Scilaminese, 
One  of  these,  locally  known  as  "  Waaha,"  struck  our 
attention  by  the  presence  of  a  silvery  glaucous  tint  on 
the  underside  of  its  leaves,  which  when  swaying  with 
the  wind  gave  the  plant  a  most  peculiar  appearance. 
It  is  nearly  allied  to  our  Jamaica  plant  (Heliconia 
bihai,  the  wild  Plantain),  but  it  is  probably  a  different 
species.  Its  leaves  are  used  for  thatching  temporary 
dwellings,  and  for  tying  up  the  food  of  the  Indians. 

Maize  is  grown  as  one  of  the  principal  food 
supplies.  It  is  very  prolific,  and  ripens  at  several 
periods  of  the  year.  It  has  apparently  been  from  the 
most  ancient  times  the  principal  food  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Central  America.  On  the  coast  of  Peru, 
Darwin  found  heads  of  it,  along  with  eighteen  recent 
species  of  marine  shells,  in  a  raised  beach  S5  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea  ;  and  in  the  same  country 
it  has  been  found  in  tombs  apparently  more  ancient 
than  the  times  of  the  Incas.  "  In  Mexico  it  was 
known  from  the  earliest  time  of  which  we  have  any 
record,  in  the  picture  writings  of  the  Toltecs,  and 
that  ancient  people  carried  it  with  them  in  all  their 
wanderings. 

"In  Central  America  the  stone  grinders  with  which 
they  bruised  it  down  are  almost  invariably  found  in 
the  ancient  graves,  having  been  buried  with  the  ashes 
of  the  dead  as  an  indispensable  article  of  outfit  for 
another  woild." 

The  method  of  bruising  the  Maize  in  general  use 
among  the  Indians  of  the  district  is  to  simply  bruise 
the  Maize  without  any  previous  boiling,  and  then  to 
tie  it  up  tightly  in  the  leaves  of  the  "Waaha"  and 
boil  it  until  it  becomes  a  solid  and  somewhat  glutinous 
mass,  which  is  then  carried  with  them  on  their  jour- 
neys, and  it  is  eaten  cold,  or  warmed  up  by  another 
slight  boiling.  It  is  therefore  probable  that  the 
Mexican  method  of  preparing  the  grain  into  cakes 
oalled  tortillai,  though  stated  by  Belt  to  be  eomVnon 


August  7,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


167 


to  Central  America,  did  not  in  reality  extend  so  far 
south  as  the  province  of  Veragua.  I  saw  some  of  it 
in  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  but  to  me  it  did  not 
look  particularly  inviting,  as  the  outer  skin  of  the 
grain  rendered  it  to  all  appearance  somewhat  chaffy. 

On  the  banks  of  the  river  and  in  the  adjoining 
forests  were  seen  several  trees  of  Castilloa  elastica, 
from  which  is  produced  the  Central  American 
rubber,  but  they  were  all  young  trees,  and  in  con- 
sequence were  not  bearing  any  seeds.  All  the  larger 
trees  have  been  destroyed  by  the  rubber  gatherers, 
and  it  is  only  in  localities  several  days'  journey  further 
inland  that  any  trees  exist  of  sufficient  size  to  produce 
rubber  in  any  quantity.  These  localities  are  kept 
secret  by  the  Spanish  and  Indian  section  of  the  com- 
munity, so  as  to  prevent  encroachment  upon  what 
they  deem  to  be  their  exclusive  right  to  cut  and 
manufacture  the  article.  These  people  bring  down 
in  their  canoes  during  the  season  large  quantities  of 
rubber,  which  is  bartered  for  clothing  and  provisions 
at  the  coast  settlements.  There  are  two  classes  of 
rubber,  the  flat  or  cake  manufactured  rubber,  and  the 
scrap  rubber,  which  I  was  informed  is  collected,  when 
congealed,  in  the  incisions  made  for  bleeding  the  trees 
at  the  commencement  of  the  season. 

When  the  locality  in  which  these  trees  thrive  is 
compared  with  the  climate  and  soil  of  Jamaica,  it 
would  appear  to  be  doubtful  if  this  rubber-producing 
tree  could  ever  be  successfully  cultivated  on  a  com- 
mercial scale  in  this  island  except  in  the  moist  and 
humid  situations,  but  nevertheless,  it  should  be  given, 
and  is  well  worthy  of  an  exhaustive  trial,  as  the 
vagaries  of  plants  are  of  such  an  arbitrary  character, 
that  by  this  means  alone  can  their  capabilities  be 
discovered.   J.  Hart,  Jamaica. 

(To  l-t  ccniiinud.') 


PLANT    ILLUSTRATIONS    AT 
THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 

Not  the  least  interesting  and  instructive  part  of 
the  Exhibition  is  that  of  the  numerous  illustrations  of 
flowers  and  fruit,  representing  the  flora  and  economic 
fruit  products  of  India  and  the  Colonies.  The  paint- 
ings of  fruit  are  generally  well  executed,  and  must 
serve  greatly  to  familiarise  visitors  with  what  was 
recently  described  at  a  conference  on  the  waste  pro- 
ducts of  the  tropics.  If  they  do  not  accustom  one  to 
the  peculiar  flavour  of  the  numerous  and  varied  fruits 
in  question  they  certainly  pave  the  way  for  their 
reception  in  this  country  on  a  more  extensive  scale 
than  they  have  hitherto  been.  The  naming  of  the 
plants  illustrated,  although  not  altogether  faultless, 
is  tolerably  correct.  The  Nutmeg,  however,  with 
its  highly  coloured  lacerated  aril,  is  misnamed 
Pimento,  which  is  a  much  smaller  fruit  and  a  member 
of  the  Myrtle  family. 

Amongst  the  illustrations  of  Himalayan  plants  are 
figures  representing  male  and  female  flowers  of  that 
singular  Cucurbit,  Hodgsonia  heteroclita,  whose 
stems  form  slender  woody  lianas  climbing  over  trees 
to  the  height  of  100  feet.  The  long,  pendulous, 
spirally  twisted  segments  or  fringes  of  the  corolla  are 
very  singular,  but  not  more  so  than  the  Melon-like 
fruit,  whose  seeds  measure  about  3  inches  long  and 
2  broad.  The  latter  consists  really  of  two  collateral 
ovules,  firmly  united  and  inseparable,  one  of  which 
when  mature  is  always  small  and  more  or  less  com- 
pletely aborted.  A  living  specimen  which  has  not 
yet  flowered  may  be  seen  in  the  Victoria-house  at 
Kew.  A  singular  Nymphaea,  with  petals  fringed 
like  a  Trichosaothes,  and  representing  the  Bombay 
flora,  is  named  N.  fimbriata.  Its  most  striking  pecu- 
liarity is  that  the  leaves  are  proliferous  at  the  base  of 
the  blade,  and  bear  not  only  small  leaves  but  also 
flowers.  A  handsome  Buddleia,  named  B.  Colvillei, 
and  growing  at  elevations  ranging  from  gooo  to  12,000 
feet,  has  apparently  not  yet  been  introduced  to  this 
country.  The  same  remarks  apply  to  Pentapterygium 
salignum,  a  handsome  species,  represented  in  the 
same  plate  as  P.  serpens,  which  flowers  annually  at 
Kew. 

In  examining  the  illustrations  of  New  Zealand 
plants,  amongst  little  known  species  characteristic  of 
the  vegetation  of  that  part  of  the  world,  one  is  agree- 
ably surprised  to  find  numerous  instances  of  such 
familiar  greenhouse  plants  as  Veronica  salicifolia,  V. 
speciosa,  and  V.  Hulkeana,  besides  numerous  instances 
of  shrubby  Composites,  whose  cultivation  is  frequently 
attempted  in  the  open  air  in  this  country  in  sheltered 
place)  or  nailed  to  a  wall,    Rubus  auEtralls,  at  seen  la 


this  country,  is  remarkable  for  the  great  reduction  in 
the  size  of  its  leaflets,  when  the  naked  spiny  petioles 
and  branches  become  the  most  conspicuous  feature  of 
the  plant.  In  the  present  instance,  however,  the 
leaflets  are  of  considerable  size  and  borne  on  much 
shorter  petioles  than  are  those  of  the  reduced  form. 
The  inflorescence  is  panicled,  consisting  of  numerous 
small  white  flowers  with  red  stamens,  bearing  no  in- 
considerable resemblance  to  that  of  the  Hawthorn. 
Although  attaining  a  height  of  6  or  8  feet  on  a  wall  in 
the  open  air  in  this  country,  it  does  not  seem  to  flower. 
The  Australian  flora  is  well  represented  by  a  series 
of  large  paintings  high  above  the  eye  of  visitors  on 
the  walls  of  the  building.  One  decided  drawback  for 
English  visitors  in  connection  with  these  is  the  fact 
that  native  names  only  are  used,  while  in  some 
cases  no  name  is  given  at  all.  Those  familiar 
with  conservatory  plants  could  easily  recongnise  the 
affinities  of  most  of  the  representations,  but  the 
native  name  would  frequently  be  no  clue  to  determine 
the  species.  A  noticeable  feature  is  the  frequent 
occurrence  of  members  of  the  great  Pea,  Myrtle,  and 
Protead  families.  Sturt's  Glory  Pea,  Clianthus  Dam- 
pieri,  with  its  great  scarlet  flowers  and  jet-black  boss, 
will  alwayscommand  attention,  whether  as  a  picture  or 
living  flowering  specimens.  A  fine  example  has  been 
flowering  for  some  weeks  past  in  the  Cape-house  at 
Kew.  Another  strikingly  conspicuous  picture  is  a 
painting  of  Telopea  speciosissima,  simply  named 
Waratah.  A  landscape  painting  in  another  part  of 
the  building  exhibits  a  hillside  bordering  a  gorge, 
covered  with  Waratah  bushes  whose  large  heads  of 
aggregated  scarlet  bracts  and  flowers,  give  the 
scenery  their  own  tone  of  colour.  This  magnificent 
Protead  is  sometimes,  though  too  seldom,  grown  as  a 
conservatory  plant  in  this  country.  J.  F. 


PINKS    AND    PINK   CULTURE. 

Some  of  the  most  reliable  illustrations  of  the  florists' 
Pinks  I  can  find  are  those  which  appear  in  the 
Florists'"  Maoazinc  for  1835-36.  The  illustrations  are 
full-?ized,  and  I  should  think  faithfully  executed  ; 
they  represent  full,  well  laced  examples.  Ooe  named 
Princess  Victoria,  raised  by  one  John  Dalton,  of 
Mitcham,  and  sent  out  by  Mr.  Woodman,  Manor 
Place,  Walworth,  no  doubt  illustrated  one  of  the 
very  best  varieties  in  cultivation  in  that  day  ;  and  the 
petals  have  little  of  the  serrated  edge  seen  in  those  of 
a  companion  in  variety,  named  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
raised  by  William  Stockwell,  of  Walworth  Common. 
The  last  evidently  had  the  better  and  darker  lacing  ; 
the  former  the  smoothest  petal  edge,  the  latter  being 
much  fimbriated.  They  serve  to  make  us  acquainted 
with  the  varieties  grown  half  a  century  ago,  and  un- 
doubtedly since  that  time  we  have  greatly  advanced 
in  regard  to  purity  of  the  ground,  definiteness  and 
density  of  the  marking,  shape  of  petal,  and  smooth- 
ness of  the  edge.  The  growth  in  the  interim  may 
have  been  slow,  but  it  has  surely  been  certain. 

Maddock,  in  his  Florists'  Directory^  published  in 
1792,  informs  us  that  "a  Pink  called  Major's  Lady 
Stoverdale,  raised  from  seed  in  the  southern  parts  of 
England  by  the  person  whose  name  it  bears,  was  the 
6rst  that  deserved  to  be  classed  among  such  as  are 
now  held  in  esteem  by  florists  ;  it  was  raised  about 
twenty  years  since,  and  was  the  first  Pink  possessed 
of  that  angular  and  beautiful  ornament  called  a 
lacing,  which  is  a  continuation  of  the  colour  of  the 
eye,  round  the  white  or  broad  part  of  the  petal,  that 
gives  it  a  most  elegant  appearance."  From  the 
appearance  of  Major's  flower  to  that  of  Princess,  we 
get  an  interval  of  sixty  years  or  so,  and  we  can  thus 
get  some  idea  of  the  progress  made  in  that  time. 

That  the  Pink  has  suffered  from  something  like 
neglect  during  the  past  twenty  years  cannot  be  denied  ; 
and  yet  it  is  such  a  thoroughly  hardy  plant,  so  easily 
grown,  so  free  and  richly  fragrant,  and  so  delightful 
to  cut  from,  that  one  wonders  it  is  not  more  fre- 
quently grown.  It  finds  a  place  in  many  schedules 
of  prizes  of  flower  shows  held  in  the  midland  districts  ; 
and  many  a  select  collection  is  grown  to  furnish  exhi- 
bition blooms,  and  new  varieties  are  being  raised 
also.  One  of  the  foremost  riisers  and  cultivators  in 
the  present  day  is  Mr.  James  Ttiurstan,  of  Mertivale, 
Wolverhampton,  who  has  grown  Pinks  for  thirty 
years  past,  and  during  the  last  fifteen  or  sixteen  years 
raised  some  varieties  of  great  merit.  Having  recently 
seen  these  growing  in  his  garden  at  Wolverhampton, 
I  am  able  to  furnish  some  descriptive  notes  of  them. 
They  are  as  follows  : — 


Dr.  Hardy,  pure  ground,  edged  with  bright  dark 
maroon  :  a  fine  lacing,  distinct  and  regular,  smooth 
at  the  edges,  a  fine  full  flower  :  this  was  raised  ia 
l88r.  Mrs.  Morton  is  a  highly  finished  flower  that 
bloomed  first  in  18S5,  bright  maroon,  lacing  of  medium 
density,  beautifully  marked,  of  good  substance,  very 
smooth  on  the  edge  and  highly  refined  ;  an  extra  fine 
flower.  Mars  is  also  a  flower  of  1S85  ;  pure  ground, 
very  heavily  laced  with  dark  purple,  petals  finely 
formed  and  smooth,  plenty  of  stufl^,  about  thirty 
petals  ;  extra  fine.  Mrs.  Houlgrave  was  raised  in 
i88i,  pure  white  ground,  rather  long  petals,  bright 
rosy-crimson  lacing  laid  on  somewhat  heavily,  but 
always  regularly  ;  fine  and  bold.  William  Bolton  was 
raised  the  same  year  ;  pure  ground  laced  with  dark 
maroon,  good  to  the  centre  of  the  flower  ;  a  very  full 
and  bold  flower.  James  Thurstan  was  raised  in 
1884,  and  is  a  large  and  striking  flower  firll  of  petals, 
pure  ground,  heavily  laced  with  bright  velvety 
maroon,  and  wire  edge  of  white  ;  perfectly  smooth 
and  of  the  best  quality.  Samuel  Barlow  is  an  1884 
flower,  a  large  and  noble  bloom,  raised  in  all  pro- 
bability from  Boiard  ;  pure  ground,  dark  maroon 
lacing,  with  slight  margin  of  white  on  the  edge  of  the 
petals  ;  the  flower  is  full  of  perfectly  shaped  petals, 
and  it  is  decidedly  of  high-class  quality.  Lord 
Beaconsfield  is  one  of  the  1881  flowers,  a  large  and 
full  flower,  pure  ground,  heavily  laced  with  bright 
red  ;  a  variety  showing  much  refinement  of  character. 
John  Dorrington  first  bloomed  in  1884  ;  it  has  fine 
bold  petals  with  medium  lacing  of  bright  rosy-purple  ; 
it  is  of  first  rate  quality  and  characterised  by  much 
refinement  of  character.  Helen  Maud,  another  of 
the  same  year,  is  a  variety  containing  on  an  average 
twenty-five  petals,  which  is  quite  enough  to  form  a 
good  show  flower;  the  lacing  is  bright  maroon  on  a 
pure  white  ground  ;  well  formed  smooth  petals,  of  a 
pure  while  ground.  Clara  is  also  a  flower  of  18S4, 
and  has  finely  shaped  petals  laced  with  light  purplish- 
maroon  with  a  wire  edge  of  white  ;  very  pleasing 
indeed.  Mrs.  Haynes,  which  first  bloomed  in  1880, 
has  a  beautiful  petal  with  bright  red  lacing  perfectly 
distributed  on  the  pure  white  petals — a  charming 
variety.  Rose  Elizabeth  is  of  the  same  batch,  and 
has  a  beautiful  petal  with  a  lively  rosy-lilac  lacing  ; 
very  distinct  and  pleasing.  F.  D.  Horner  flowered 
for  the  first  time  this  year  ;  it  is  a  very  full  flower  of 
from  thirty  to  forty  petals,  good  habit,  appearing  to 
be  a  very  strong  grower  ;  handsomely  laced  with 
bright  crimson-magenta  on  a  pure  ground  ;  being  the 
first  bloom  the  petals  were  small,  but  it  is  a  variety 
full  of  promise.  George  Hodgkinson  first  bloom  d 
as  far  back  as  1872,  and  was  a  seedling  from  an  old 
flower  named  Battersby's  Emily,  but  of  a  much  more 
refined  character,  smooth  on  the  edge,  with  a  rich 
dark  lacing,  almost  black,  on  a  very  pure  white 
ground.  Mrs.  Thurstan  was  raised  in  1870  ;  it  is  a 
seedling  from  Mrs.  [udd,  which  was  a  renowned 
flower  in  its  day  ;  ^Ip.  Thurstan  is  a  flower  of  some 
thing  like  twenty-five  perfect  petah,  the  petals  pure, 
with  a  distinct  wire  edge  of  bright  maroon  ;  a  refined 
and  charming  flower,  sent  out  by  Clibran  of 
Alirincham  about  187 1.  Florence  Isabel  is  a 
seedling  of  188 c,  with  medium  bright  maroon  lacing  ; 
very  lull  of  petals,  small,  but  correctly  marked  ;  and 
Nellie  is  of  the  same  date — the  well  formed  pure 
petals  laced  with  light  rose,  very  pretty  and  distinct. 
All  the  foregoing  are  of  good  habit,  free,  and  charac- 
terised by  much  smoothness  of  edge  and  refinement  of 
marking. 

The  cultivation  of  the  Pink  is  a  simple  process,  for 
the  plant  is  perfectly  hardy  and  requires  no  coddling. 
It  does  best  in  a  good  strong  loam  enriched  with  old 
hotbed  manure,  and  in  the  months  of  March  and 
April,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  out  the  most  dis- 
tinct colouring  on  the  lacing,  it  is  essential  that  the 
bed  should  be  top-dreesed,  and  the  best  dressing  that 
Mr.  Thurstan  finds  he  can  use  after  thirty  years' 
experience  is  human  manure  from  sn  old-fashioned 
closet  diluted  wiih  water  untilj  it  is  about  the  thick- 
ness of  gruel,  and  a  half  pint  of  this  is  poured  round 
each  plant  about  twice  or  thrice  a  week.  This  is 
put  on  overnight,  so  that  any  disagreeable  smell 
may  disperse  before  the  morning.  Mr.  Thurs  an 
finds  this  an  excellent  manure  for  Tulips  anH  oih>r 
things.  The  late  Dr.  Hirdy.  old  William  Lea,  and 
others,  used  this  for  top-dressing. 

Mr.  Thurstan  propagates  his  Pinks  by  means  of 
pipings  about  the  middle  of  July;  a  little  later 
perhaps  than  it  is  done  in  the  South,  allowance  being 
made  for  differeo'tfe  in  the  time  of  flowering.  If  the 
work   is  delayed   beyond   the  time  named    the  side 


1 68 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  7,  1886. 


shoots  or  "  grass  "  run  into  blooming  stems.  Before 
taking  his  pipings  Mr.  Thurstan  prepares  a  piece 
of  ground  in  a  shady  situation,  and  mixes  with  it  a 
good  dressing  of  decayed  manure  and  sand — road 
sand  is  found  to  be  the  best  ;  after  being  thoroughly 
mixed  it  is  saturated  with  water,  and  then  allowed  to 
drain  for  an  hour  or  so  ;  then  a  layer  of  pure  sand 
half  an  inch  in  thickness  is  placed  over  the  surface; 
this  being  done,  the  pipings  are  prepared  by  being 
cut  through  just  below  a  joint  ;  then  put  into  the 
beds  in  circles,  pretty  close  together,  and  just  large 
enough  to  be  covered  with  bell-glasses.  The  pipings 
are  pressed  firmly  into  the  soil,  and  by  placing  bell- 
glasses  over  them  they  are  encouraged  to  strike  roots. 
It  is  best  to  make  a  mark  on  the  soil  with  the  bell- 
glass,  and  then  fill  up  the  space  with  pipings,  putting 
them  in  about  an  inch  deep.  A  circle  of  6  inches  in 
diameter  will  take  about  thirty  pipings.  After  they 
are  inserted  in  the  soil  they  are  watered  and  allowed 
to  stand  uncovered  for  about  an  hour,  by  which  time 
they  will  be  dry  enough  to  cover  with  the  bell-glass. 
The  bell-glasses  are  not  removed  for  a  fortnight  or 
three  weeks,  by  which  time  the  pipings  have  begun  to 
form  roots ;  when  they  are  taken  off,  and  the  pipings 
refreshed  by  means  of  a  sprinkle  with  water,  after 
which  the  glasses  are  again  replaced.  At  this  stage 
a  little  water  is  given  day  by  day  until  the  pipings 
are  so  rooted  that  they  can  be  lifted  and  removed  to 
prepared  bed  for  permanent  blooming.  This  is  done 
early  in  October,  so  that  the  plants  may  have  time  to 
root  into  the  soil  before  the  winter  sets  in.  Mr. 
Thurstan  finds  by  experience  that  if  the  plants  are 
not  placed  in  the  blooming  beds  in  autumn,  but  this 
is  left  until  the  spring,  the  lacing  is  not  reliable,  and 
it  is  difficult  to  get  the  blooms  to  anything  like  a 
perfect  stage. 

In  raising  Pinks  from  seed  Mr.  Thurstan  sows  in 
February  either  in  a  prepared  bed  in  the  open  ground 
or  under  bell-glasses.  By  sowing  under  bell-glasses 
the  seed  germinates  more  quickly,  and  the  plants  get 
through  the  soil  before  the  drying  winds  of  March  set 
in.  The  seedlings  are  planted  out  in  a  prepared  bed 
in  autumn  to  flower,  and  when  they  flower  selected 
varieties  are  marked  and  propagated  in  the  manner 
set  forth  above.  R.  D. 


ACORN   GALLS. 

I  HAVE  to  thank  Mr.  William  Marshall  for  three 
"Acorns  from  Cannes,"  sent  to  the  Editor  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle^  and  by  him  forwarded  to  me  to 
report  upon. 

Mr.  Marshall's  niece  says:  —  "I  cannot  say  for 
certain  if  they  are  from  the  same  tree  as  the  one  with 
the  galls,  as  I  picked  some  up  in  two  places,  but  the 
trees  were  not  far  apart,  and  were  in  the  same  gar- 
den. I  did  not  see  the  cups.  The  Acorn  with  the 
galls  was  considerably  larger  than  those  I  now  send, 
but  of  the  same  shape.  I  saw  no  others  as  large.  I 
did  not  notice  the  size  of  the  tree." 

The  three  Acorns  sent,  as  far  as  I  can  judge,  belong 
to  Quercus  Robur,  the  common  English  Oak.  Those 
of  Q.  Cerris,  the  Turkey  or  mossy-cupped  Oak,  have 
a  less  shining  shell,  and  after  a  careful  comparison  I 
can  scarcely  hesitate  to  refer  them  to  the  former 
species.  Two  of  them  are  quite  normal  in  size  and 
shape,  but  the  third  is  a  little  smaller,  decidedly 
curved,  and  somewhat  discoloured  and  broken  on  the 
shorter  side,  through  some  damage  during  growth. 
This  Acorn,  however,  and  one  other,  contains  no 
trace  of  galls.  The  third  Acorn,  on  the  shell 
being  removed,  showed  a  small  hole,  a  millimetre 
in  diameter,  the  edges  of  the  hole  being  slightly 
forced  outwards,  and  the  apex  of  a  small  gall  just 
protruding.  On  carefully  cutting  away  the  Acorn 
tissue  on  one  side  of  the  gall,  the  latter  was  seen  to 
be  enclosed  in  a  smooth-walled  chamber  ;  the  walls 
being  slightly  darker  coloured  than  the  Acorn  shell, 
and  tightly  embracing  the  gall,  as  if  the  cavity  had 
been  made  by  pressure  caused  by  the  gall's  growth. 
The  gall  itself  is  bluntly  conical  in  shape,  and  mea- 
sures 4  millimetres,  or  nearly  a  sixth  of  an  inch,  in 
length,  and  2  roillemttres  in  breadth  at  the  almost 
truncate  base.  From  this  point  it  gradually  narrows 
to  l^  millimetre  near  the  apex,  and  then  terminates 
ill  a  roundish  blunt  point.  The  lower  half  of  the 
gall  is  drab,  or  slightly  ochreous  in  colour,  ^nd  the 
upper  half  warm  chestnut-brown,  the  boundary  of  the 
two  colours  being  rather  sharply  defined.  The  in- 
terior of  the  gall  I  cannot  describe,  as  being  the  only 
specimen  I  prefer  to  keep  it  intact  in  the  hope  of 
breeding  the  insect. 


I  have  given  the  particulars  rather  fully,  because  it 
is  clear  that  more  than  one  insect  is  concerned  in  the 
making  of  these  Acorn-galls,  and  also  with  the  hope 
that  the  attention  of  others  may  be  drawn  to  this 
interesting  subject,  and  thus  perhaps  help  to  clear  the 
matter  up.  I  have  cut  through  numbers  of  English 
Acorns  at  various  times  without  finding  galls,  though 
we  have  them  in  Britain,  as  shown  in  my  previous 
pnper  {p.  104). 

In  conclusion,  the  differences  of  the  Turkey  Oak 
Acorn-gall,  as  observed  by  me  at  Kew,  may  be 
pointed  out.  Each  autumn  for  several  years  past 
these  galls  have  been  abundant  on  more  than  one 
tree  ;  so  much  so  that  very  few  Acorns  mature  ;  while 
the  galled  ones  are  very  much  dwarfed,  and  the 
Acorn  tissue  is  entirely  replaced  by  a  number  of  the 
galls.  They  also  remain  on  the  tree  for  some  time 
after  the  uninjured  Acorns  have  fallen,  and,  unlike 
these  latter,  the  cup  and  Acorn  fall  away  together, 
the  Acorn  seldom  being  much  larger  than  the  cavity 
of  the  Acorn-cup.  The  differences  between  the  two 
are  so  marked  as  to  leave  no  doubt  of  their  being 
produced  by  different  insects,  and  the  one  thing  now 
necessary  is  to  obtain  more  specimens  of  the  Robur 
gall,  and  if  possible  breed  the  insect.  A*.  A,  Rolfe^ 
Herbarium^  A'eio. 


CENTAUREA   MACROCEPHALA. 

To  Mr.  George  Paul  we  are  indebted  for  a  specimen 
of  this  sturdy  hardy  perennial  (fig.  30).  Its  stout  erect 
stems  are  about  iS  inches  high,  provided  with  lanceo- 
late decurrent  leaves,  rough  with  coarse  bristles,  and 
bearing  at  the  top  a  globose  head  of  yellow  flowers, 
like  a  small  Globe  Artichoke,  are  very  striking. 
The  involucral  bracts  are  numerous,  densely  packed 
in  overlapping  series,  and  each  one  ends  in  a  broad 
suborbicular  brown  membranous  and  sharply  laciniate 
appendage.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Caucasus,  and 
attains  in  cultivation  a  larger  size  than  when  wild,  as 
according  to  Boissier,  Flota  Orientalis^  iii.  (1875), 
632,  the  flower-heads  are  no  bigger  than  a  fowl's  egg. 
There  seems  no  reason  why  the  receptacle  should  not 
be  cooked  and  eaten,  like  the  bottoms  of  ordinary 
Artichokes. 


A    REVISION    OF    THE    GENUS 
PHAL^NOPSIS. 

We  have  now  over  forty  named  forms  of  this 
beautiful  genus  of  Orchids,  most  of  them  being  in 
cultivation  at  the  present  time,  but  as  the  literature 
respecting  them  is  rather  scatterd,  and  as  we  have 
had  no  general  revision  since  1874,  it  is  my  intention 
to  gather  together  into  one  focus  such  information  as 
I  have  been  able  to  collect  and  to  give  an  enumera- 
tion of  the  species,  together  with  references  to  the 
more  important  descriptions  and  figures,  the  geo- 
graphical distribution,  and  the  general  history  of  the 
genus.  The  revision  above  referred  to  is  that  of  the 
illustrious  Professor  Reichenbach,  in  the  second 
volume  of  his  Xenia  Orchidacea.  Eleven  forms  were 
then  enumerated,  though  more  than  eleven  had  been 
described  at  that  date.  As  the  number  has  now  been 
more  than  trebled  I  hope  this  attempt  to  bring  our 
knowledge  down  to  the  present  time  will  be  found 
useful  to  all  those  interested  in  these  lovely  plants — 
"the  grandest  of  all  Orchids,"  to  quote  the  late  Dr. 
Lindley. 

General  History, 

Rumphius  appears  to  have  discovered  and  pub- 
lished the  first  account  of  a  species  of  this  genus  in  1750. 
In  the  sixth  volume  of  his  Herbarium  Amboinensi^ 
he  gives  a  description  and  figure  of  a  plant  which  he 
called  "Angrjecum  album  majus."  This  plant  he 
found  growing  in  the  island  of  Amboyna,  un  short 
thick  trees  covered  with  moss,  up  which,  he  says,  it 
turns  like  a  rope,  and  from  which  it  hangs  down  in 
entangled  tufts. 

Two  years  later  it  was  discovered  near  the  water- 
ing place  on  New  Island,  at  the  western  extremity  of 
Java,  by  Osbeck,  who  touched  there  on  his  voyage 
home  from  China.  Specimens  preserved  by  him 
were  forwarded  to  Linnaeus,  who  described  the  plant 
in  the  first  edition  of  his  famous  Species  Plantarum 
as  Epidendrum  amabile.  The  work  appeared  in 
1753,  and  it  should  be  remembered  that  the  small 
number  of  epiphytic  Orchids  known  to  Linn^us 
were  all  included  in  his  genus  Epidendrum  —  the 
name  then  being  singularly  appropriate  and  de- 
scriptive. 


How   OSBECK    FOUND  THE  PLANT. 

Osbeck's  account  of  the  plant  and  its  discovery  is 
of  such  interest  that  the  substance  is  worth  repro- 
ducing. In  his  Voyac^c  to  China  and  the  East  Indies 
(English  edition,  vol.  ii.,  p.  50),  he  remarks  somewhat 
as  follows:— "On  January  19,  1752,  we  anchored 
at  noon  in  the  New  Bay,  at  the  western  extremity  of 
Java.  In  the  afternoon  we  went  on  shore  in  a  boat. 
We  landed  with  difficulty,  because  the  ground  was  so 
full  of  corals  that  it  was  impossible  to  reach  the  beach 
in  the  boat,  and  I  was  carried  on  shore  by  my  people 
on  their  shoulders,  up  to  their  breasts  in  water.  The 
country  here  is  very  high,  and  the  water  which  comes 
hither  from  the  fens  in  the  woods  runs  roaring  into 
the  sea.  The  forest  was  so  dense  that  we  passed  with 
difficulty,  and  being  the  rainy  season  everything  was 
very  wet.  The  trees  are  excessively  high  and  slender, 
making  the  forest  very  dark.  Epidendrum  amabile 
grew  on  the  branches  of  trees  on  the  shore.  The 
pUnthath  great  white  odoriferous  flowers,  such  as  I 
never  observed  before.  I  had  this  plant  lying  in  my 
room  for  some  days  together,  but  the  flowers  did  not 
wither,  and  filled  it  with  the  most  agreeable  smell." 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Osbeck's  specimens  still 
exist  in  the  Linnrean  Herbarium  in  an  excellent  state 
of  preservation. 

In  1799  Swartz  published  a  memoir  on  the  genus 
Epidendrum  of  Linnaeus,  breaking  it  up  into  six  gen- 
era ;  and  although  he  pointed  out  that  Osbeck's  plant 
differed  from  Epidendrum  by  the  want  of  cohesion 
between  the  column  and  the  base  of  the  lip,  still  he 
allowed  it  to  remain  where  Linnaeus  had  placed  it. 
Roxburgh,  however,  who  knew  the  living  plant, 
transferred  it  to  Swartz's  genus  Cymbidium,  to  which 
it  is  much  more  nearly  allied.  He  tells  us  the  plant 
is  a  native  of  the  Moluccas,  whence  it  was  introduced 
in  1798  to  the  East  Indian  Company's  Botanic  Gar- 
den at  Calcutta  ;  that  it  flowered  in  March  and  April, 
and  that  the  flowers  were  very  large,  white,  and 
fragrant.  Roxburgh's  Flora  Indica  was  probably 
written  before  1820 — he  died  in  1822;  but  the 
volume  in  which  this  change  was  made  did  not 
appear  until  1832. 

Again  we  hear  of  it  from  Java.  Dr.  Horsfield 
found  it  in  1809,  in  one  locality  only,  in  the  district 
of  Padjittan,  in  a  low  situation  near  the  southern 
coast  of  the  island,  and  at  no  great  distance  from  the 
ocean.  Then  Dr.  Blume  observed  it  in  woods  neat 
the  coast  in  the  small  island  of  Nusa  Kambangan. 
The  latter  published  his  Bijdragen,  in  1825,  and 
established  a  new  genus  for  the  plant,  which  he  called 
Phalsenopsis,  on  account  of  a  fancied  resemblance  to 
certain  species  of  moths.  He  also  gave  an  excellent 
analysis  of  the  flower. 

The  First  Phal.'enopsis  in  Cultivation. 

When  Lindley  published  his  Genera  and  Species  of 
Orthidaceiv  in  1833,  the  genus  was  not  in  cultivation 
in  England,  and  his  description  was  wholly  derived 
from  the  aforementioned  sources.  But  in  1838  we 
find  a  Phatenopsis  in  cultivation  in  this  country. 
Dr.  Lindley  figured  in  the  Botanical  Register  a  plant 
which  he  called  P.  amabilis,  but  which  was  really  not 
that  plant.  Dr.  Lindley  remarks  :— "  This  very  rare 
and  beautiful  epiphyte  flowered  a  few  weeks  since  in 
the  epiphyte-house  of  Messrs.  Rollisson,  of  Tooting, 
I  believe  for  the  first  time  in  Europe.  It  had  been 
sent  to  them  from  Manilla,  by  Mr.  Cuming."  This 
mistake  of  Lindley's  was  an  unfortunate  one,  for  the 
Philippine  plant  still  bears  the  name  amabilis  in  gat- 
dens. 

In  1840  the  Philippine  plant  was  figured  in  Paxton^s 
Magazine  of  Botany,  whence  we  leain  that  "  Among 
the  many  subscribers  to  the  expedition  of  Mr.  Hugh 
Cuming  in  quest  of  botanical  curiosities,  Messrs.  Rol- 
lisson, of  Tooting,  were  alone  fortunate  enough  to  re- 
ceivealivingspecimen  of  this  lovely  plant ...  in  1837." 
This  figure  of  Paxton's  was  reproduced  in  the  Flore 
des  Serres  five  years  later,  but  the  figures  and  localities 
of  both  species  were  all  confused  together  in  the 
accompanying  description.  In  1847  it  was  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  the  error  still  remaining  un- 
detected. 

The  Tavan  plant  was  again  figured  by  Bennett  in 
1 83S,  in  his  Planter  Javaniccs  Rariores,  the  author  point- 
ing out  that  it  appeared  to  prefer  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  coast,  and  had  been  found  in  several  localities 
in  Java,  as  well  as  in  the  Moluccas.  At  length  it  was 
brought  alive  to  England,  nearly  a  century  after  its 
original  discovery,  and  ten  years  later  than  the 
Philippine  species.  On  September  7,  1S47,  a  plant 
was  exhibited  before  the  Horticultural  Society  by  H. 


August  7,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


169 


Schioder,  E=q.,  when  it  received  the  Silver  Banksian 
Medal.  At  that  time  it  was  regarded  merely  as  a  fine 
variety  of  the  Manilla  plant.  In  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  however,  for  the  following  year,  a  woodcut 
of  each  species  was  given,  Dr.  Lindley  remarking  that 
there  were  so  many  points  of  difference  between  the 
two  as  to  leave  no  doubt  of  their  distinctness  ;  but, 
strange  to  say,  though  Lindley  informs  us  that  the 
large-flowered  plant  had  been  introduced  from  Java 


A  Pink  Butterfly  Flower. 
A  third  species  was  described  in  1848  as  "P. 
rosea,  the  Pink  Buiterfly-Sower."  It  was  found  at 
Manilla  by  Mr.  T.  L)bb,  who  sent  it  to  the  Messrs. 
Veitch.  Dr.  Lindley  remarked  :  —  "  This  is  a  very 
unexpected  addition  to  the  genus  Phatenopsis,  of 
which  it  has  exacily  the  habit."  It  had  previously 
been  found  by  Cuming  ;  but  though  he  secured  dried 
specimens  he  seems   to   have   failed   to   send  plants 


proved  correct.  The  plant  which  flowered  some  three 
month's  ago  in  the  establishment  of  Messrs.  Veitch, 
and  which  is  exactly  identical  with  the  wild  inter- 
media, was  obtained  by  Mr.  Seden,  by  fertilising  P. 
amabilis  (of  Lindley)  with  the  pollen  of  P.  rosea. 

In  1S54  a  fifih  species  (P.  deliciosa)  appeared.  It 
was  described  from  dried  Javan  specimens,  but  I  do 
not  think  it  has  ever  appeared  in  cultivation. 

In   1S60  some  additional  species   were  described. 


,\mM44UilMhh  Ik., . , 


Fig.  30.— centaurea  macrocephala  :   flowers  bright  yellow,     (see  p.  168.) 


by  Messrs.  Veitch,  he  did  not  even  then  recognise  in  it 
the  original  species  of  Blume  (which  he  had  correctly 
described  in  his  Genera  and  Species  of  Orchidacece). 
but  described  it  afresh  under  the  name  P.  grandiflora  ; 
he  even  thought  Bennett's  figure  might  represent  yet 
another  species. 

Dr.  Reichenbach  pointed  out  this  confusion  in 
1862  in  the  Hamburger  Gartenzeitung.  and  re- 
named the  Manilla  plant,  P.  Aphrodite,  but  Lindley's 
names  are  still  used  in  gardens.  In  the  following 
enumeration  the  name  amabilis  is  retained  for  the 
original  plant  in  accordance  with  the  recognised 
rules  of  priority. 


home  alive.  Meyen  had  also  collected  it  at  the  same 
time,  and  a  new  genus  (Stauroglottis)  had  been 
founded  for  it  by  Schauer  in  1S43. 

In  1852  P.  intermedia  was  described  in  Lindley 
and  Paxlons  Flower  Garden.  It  was  introduced  by 
Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons  from  the  Philippines.  Dr. 
Lindley  remarked  : — "  It  is  not  improbable  that  this 
beautiful  plant  is  a  natural  hybrid  between  P.  amabilis 
and  rosea.  It  agrees  with  the  former  in  foliage,  and 
in  the  tendrils  of  the  lip,  with  the  latter  in  colour,  in 
the  acuteness  of  the  petals,  and  in  the  peculiar  form 
of  the  middle  lobe  of  the  lip."  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that   this  shrewd   guess   of  Dr.   Lindley's   has 


The  beautiful  P.  Schilleriana  flowered  for  the  first 
time  in  Europe  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Consul 
Schiller,  of  Hamburgh.  That  gentleman  had  obtained 
it  two  years  previously  from  Manilla,  one  plant  alone 
surviving  out  of  thirty  which  had  been  forwarded.  A 
Javan  plant  which  had  been  described  in  1827  as 
Polychilos  cornu-cervi,  was  also  reduced  to  Phalse- 
nopsis,  and  two  other  species  were  described  from 
drawings  ;  P.  Devriesiana,  from  a  drawing  made  by 
De  Vriese  in  Java  ;  and  P.  sumatrana,  from  one  made 
by  Korthals  in  Sumatra.  The  latter  soon  afierwards 
appeared  in  cultivation,  but  of  P.  Devriesiana  nothing 
further  appears  to  be  known. 


170 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  7,  1886. 


The  following  year  has  only  one  species  to  record— 
Trichoglottis  pallens  of  Lindley,  was  transferred  to 
Phalxnopbis  by  Dr.  Keichenbach.  It  is  a  native  of 
Manilla.  Dr.  Lindley  saw  it  in  flower  at  Chalswouh 
in  1S50,  but  it  does  not  appear  to  be  in  cultivation  at 
the  present  time. 

Ten  species  were  now  known,  but  in  1SO2  four 
additions  were  made  ;  one  of  them,  however,  not 
being  really  distinct.  They  were  described  by  Pro- 
fessor Keichenbach  — P.  llehe,  from  Java  ;  P.  Lowii, 
from  Borneo  ;  P.  Wighlii,  from  India  (which,  how- 
ever, is  now  referred  by  Benlham  to  Doritis),  and  P. 
ambigua.  This  Utter  was  said  to  have  the  flowers 
of  amabilis  (Aphrodite)  andjeaves  of  grandiflora,  and 
was  thought  possibly  a  hybrid  between  the  two. 
Eat  this  is  most  improbable,  for  the  two  species  do 
not  grow  together,  and  if  not  a  natural  hybrid  it 
clearly  did  not  originate  in  a  garden.  It  is  evidently 
a  form  of  P.  Aphrodite,  with  leaves>omewhat  longer 
than  usual. 

In  1S64  two  additions  were  made.  P.  pantherina, 
ri  pretty  species  with  red  spots  on  a  yellow  ground, 
was  described  by  Professor  Keichenbach  in  the 
Botanisclie  Zcilun;;.  It  was  obtained  by  Messrs. 
Low  from  Borneo,  but  the  plant  appears  to  have  been 
lost.  The  description  was  made  from  a  dried  speci- 
men. The  other  was  described  in  the  Pioceedings  of 
the  Royal  Hoiiicullural  Society  as  P.  Ruckeri,  and 
was  said  to  come  from  Borneo.  It,  however,  proved 
to  be  only  a  very  beautiful  variety  of  P.  grandiflora. 

In  1S65  three  more  species  were  described,  the 
beautiful  P.  Luddemanniana  from  the  Philippines  ; 
the  cuiijus  little  P.  Parishii,  from  Burma;  and  P. 
amelhystina  from  the  Sondaic  Islands,  a  somewhat 
vague  locality  by  the  way.  In  1S71,  P.  Manni  was 
described  from  Assam,  and  in  the  following  year  P. 
Veitchiana,  from  the  Philippines.  The  latter  was 
supposed  to  be  a  natural  hybrid  ;  and  a  single  speci- 
men only  was  known.  In  1S74,  Dr.  Keichenbach 
gave  a  monograph  in  the  2d  volume  ol  his  Xenia 
Orchiddceie,  eleven  species  only  were  enumerated, 
though,  as  we  have  already  seen,  more  than  this 
number  were  known.  In  the  same  year  P.  fuEcata, 
from  the  Malay  peninsuli,  and  P.  Esmeralda  from 
Cochin  China,  were  also  described.  In  1S75,  P. 
leucorrhoda  and  P.  casta  appeared,  both  from  the 
Philippines,  and  only  varieties  of  P.  Aphrodite. 
Then  cane  P.  Stobartiana  in  1S77,  and  P.  antenni- 
fera  and  P.  Corningiana  in  1S79  ;  the  locality  of  P. 
antennifera,  namely  Burma,  alone  being  publibhed. 

We  havenow  a  swarm  of  additions  torecord — eleven 
in  three  years.  In  iSSo,  P.  telraspis  and  P.  speciosa 
were  described  irom  the  Andaman  Islands  ;  and  in 
iSSi,  P.  Stuarliana  from  the  Philippines,  and  P. 
maculata  from  Borneo.  In  18S2  appeared  P.  deli- 
CJta  from  some  unpublished  locality,  P.  Marise  from 
Borneo,  and  P.  fasciata  from  the  Philippines.  P.  deli- 
cita,  however,  is  so  similar  to  P.  intermedia,  that  we 
may  fairly  as'sume  it  to  be  a  Philippine  plant  also. 
Listly,  in  18S3  four  additional  species  were  de- 
scribed ;  P.  Valenti  and  P.  Reichenbachiana  from  un- 
published localities,  and  P.  Boxalli  and  Stuartiana 
from  the  Philippines.  The  last-named,  however, 
which  was  found  in  South  Mindanao,  is  clearly  only 
a  form  of  P.  Aphrodite.  So  much  for  the  general 
history  of  the  genus,  but  before  proceeding  to  enume- 
rate the  species  a  few  words  may  be  interesting  on 
the  subject  of 

Geographical  Distribution. 
The  genus  Phal^enopsis  occurs  over  an  area  reach- 
ing from  Assam  and  the  Eastern  Himalaya  to  Burma, 
the  Andaman  Islands,  and  through  the  Indian  Archi- 
pelago to  the  Moluccas  and  Philippines.  The  section 
Euphalxnopsis  is  limited  to  the  Philippines,  with  the 
exception  of  the  original  P.  amabilis  of  Blume  (P. 
grandiflora,  Lindl.),  which  occurs  in  Java,  Borneo, 
Celebes,  and  the  Moluccas.  The  section  Probosci- 
doides  consists  of  a  single  species  found  in  Borneo 
and  Moulmein.  The  section  Esmeralda  contains  two 
species,  and  is  confined  to  the  Siamese  peninsula, 
including  Burma.  Lastly,  the  section  Staurogloltis 
occurs  over  the  whole  area  of  the  genus,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Moluccas.  Glancing  at  the  different 
countries  we  note  the  Philippines  as  the  area  most 
numerous  in  species.  All  the  eleven  forms  are 
endemic,  though  probably  one  or  two  of  them  are 
not  specifically  distinct.  Borneo  comes  next  with 
six  species,  three  of  which  are  not  known  from  else- 
where. Java  has  five  species,  of  which  three  or  four 
are  perhaps  endemic.  Two  species  are  only  known 
from  the  .■Vndaman  Islands.    Sumatra  has  two  species, 


and  the  Moluccas  one,  but  none  of  them  are  endemic. 
One  species  is  only  known  from  Assam,  one  from  the 
Malayan  peninsula,  while  four  or  Eve  others  are 
found  in  that  region,  which  comprises  Burma  and 
Cochin  China,  one  of  which  extends  its  range  to  the 
Eastern  Himalaya,  and  another  is  found  also  in 
Borneo.  Lastly,  there  are  five  species  of  which  I 
do  not  find  a  published  record  of  locality.  The  fore- 
going sketch  will  doubtless  require  modification  as 
further  information  comes  to  hand.  Possibly  some 
of  the  localities  may  be  incorrectly  given,  a  not  infre- 
quent occurrence  with  garden  Orchids.  On  the  other 
hand  the  broad  fact  remains  that  most  of  the  species 
have  a  rather  restricted  area— a  fact  quite  in  harmony 
with  our  knowledge  of  the  distribution  of  Orchids 
generally.  A'.  A.  Rotfe,  Herbarium,  Royal  CaiJcns, 
Kc-.v. 

[To  be  continued.) 


THE     POTATO    CROP    OF     1SS6. 

SCOTLAND. 

Aderdeen.— Potatos  in  gardens  are  doing  well 
and  promise  a  hrge  crop,  but  are  very  late.  Only 
the  very  eailiest  sorts  are  Ht  for  use.  All  are  very 
healthy,  except  in  exposed  situations,  where  they  have 
been  a  good  deal  broken  down  by  the  gal:s  of  wind 
we  have  had  recently.  .7.  Forrest.  HaJJo  Home. 

I   hear   complaints  of  some  having  suffered 

from  frost  during  this  month,  but  with  me  all  is  safe, 
but  upon  the  whole  from  ten  to  fifteen  days  later  than 
usual,  and  out  of  some  seventy  sorts  all  are  healthy 
and  vigorous  I  have  not  heard  or  seen  anything  of 
disease.  I  have  been  using  Sharpe's  Victor,  from 
under  glass,  lor  about  six  weeks,  of  excellent  quality. 
They  are  now  large  Irom  the  open  ground  but  not  so 
mealy.   R.  Faiquhar,  Fyvle  Cmtle. 

BANIEiiUKE.  — Potatos  are  everywhere  in  this 
lociliiy  looking  strong  and  healthy,  but  a  little  later 
than  usual  for  the  period.  Hammersmith  kidneys, 
which  we  have  been  using,  are  fair  in  size,  and  of 
good  quality.    John  IVebiter,  GorJon  Castle  Gardens. 

FORTARSHIRE. — Some  fields  in  the  low  carse,  as 
well  as  in  the  braes,  are  looking  uncommonly  well, 
especially  where  early  planted.  Later  ones  are  not 
quite  so  strong,  but  with  the  recent  refreshing  showers 
and  warm  weather  they  have  greatly  improved,  and 
we  have  no  doubt  if  favourable  weather  continues, 
Potatos  will  be  an  average,  if  not  an  extra  crop.  We 
think  if  the  fruit  was  getting  the  same  attention  as  to 
cleaning,  digging,  and  manuring  that  Potatos  get  in 
this  district,  a  better  result  would  be  obtained.  Carse 
of  Cowrie. 

The    Potato   crops   are  looking  well  in   this 

neighbourhood.  In  dry  sandy  ground  along  the 
sea-coast  they  were  beginning  to  sufler  for  want  of 
rain,  but  lately  there  have  been  several  genial 
showers  and  one  whole  night  of  rain.  Now  it  is,  and 
has  been,  brilliant  sunshine,  a  clear  bracing  atmo- 
sphere, no  thunder  nor  lightning,  and  no  need  for  it, 
the  wind  mostly  in  the  north  and  north-west  ;  as  long 
as  that  is  the  case  there  will  be  no  Potato  disease.  It 
could  not  live.  J.  Mitchell,  Panmure,  Carnoustie. 

Inverness-shire.— The  Potato  crop  is  very  pro- 
mising. Stems  and  tubers  are  quite  free  from  any 
symptoms  of  disease.  Ol  kinds,  Sutton's  and  Regent 
Victoria  have  rather  excessive  shoots  and  foliage,  which 
retard  the  growth  of  the  tubers.  Taylor's  Fortyfold 
and  Champions  developed  to  their  normal  siz?.  Other 
kinds  are  looking  equally  well.  On  the  whole  the 
Potato  crop  in  the  garden  and  district  is  the  most 
promising  I  have  seen  for  a  long  period  of  years. 
A.  MacDonald,  Fjalmaccan  Gardens,  Inverness. 

ROSSSHIRB.— The  Potato  crop  very  promising 
indeed,  but  in  some  places  slightly  touched  by  frost 
last  week.   D.  Harvey,  Invergonhn  Castle,  July  15. 

Stirlingshire.  — In  the  garden,  Potatos  are  all 
looking  exceedingly  well.  We  planted  Sutton's 
First  and  Best  on  April  16,  and  dug  fair-sized 
Potatos  the  first  week  in  July  j  and  in  this  locality 
generally  field  Potatos  are  all  very  good  ;  during  the 
past  fortnight's  fine  weather  they  have  immensely  im- 
proved. We  are  now  greatly  in  want  of  rain.  J. 
King,  Blair  Drummond  Gardens. 

East  Lothian.— Early  Potatos  in  the  garden  this 
year  have  ripened  prematurely,  owing  to  the  long 
drought,  consequently  they  are  small  and  waxy.  The 
old  Ashleaf  that  we  are  lifting  are  a  good  crop,  and 
free  of  disease.  Late  varieties,  both  in  field  and 
garden,  look  well  at  present,  but  will  be  small  too, 
unless  rain  come  soon.     Everything  is  neaily  three 


weeks  later  than  usual  in  this  district.   L.  Dow,  New- 
Iiylh,  Prestonkirk. 

Ayrshire.— Early  Potatos  a  are  very  good,  and 
heavy  crop  ;  late  sorts  look  remarkably  well.  The 
soil  here  suits  Potatos,  being  light  and  sandy.  No 
sign  of  disease  as  yet.   W.  Priest,  E^linlon,  Irvine. 


WALES. 

Carmarthenshire. — As  a  rule,  around  here  the 
Potato  crops  are  looking  well,  and  lifiing  clean  and 
free  from  disease  ;  so  much  so,  that  we  have  not  come 
on  any  up  to  the  present  time,  nor  are  the  tops  showing 
any  signs.  Field  Potatos  are  looking  well,  being 
clean  and  free  in  their  growth,  without  showing  any 
signs  of  disease  or  unhealthy  growths.  L.  Bowen, 
EdwinsforJ,  Llainlilo,  Ju'y  15. 

Pembrokeshire.— The  early  crops  are  not  up  to 
the  average,  as  we  have  had  a  rather  wet,  cold  spring. 
The  second  crops  are  turning  out  well ;  good  crop;, 
and  clean,  and  la'.e  crops  are  looking  well  :  no  signs 
of  the  disease  yet  :  we  generally  get  it  before  this 
time  in  this  district.  G.  Grijin,  Slebcck  Paik  Gar- 
dens, Haverfordwest. 

Denbighshire. — The  Potato  crops  came  up  very 
tardily  and  very  irregular,  and  just  before  the  dry 
weather  came,  some  sorts  looked  as  if  they  would 
sicken  and  die  off— many  plants  did,  especially  of 
the  variety  Chiswick  Favourite.  Early  sorts  are 
yielding  well— fair  quality,  but  small.  The  haulms 
are  smaller  than  usual,  but  more  floriferous,  and  as 
yet  no  sign  of  the  Peronospora.  All  vegetables  have 
been  difficult  to  get  forward.  Inside  sowing  and 
transplanting  have  been  our  chief  resources.  I  rench 
Beans  have  come  up  simply  to  be  starved.  Forced 
sowings  of  Peas  are  doing  well.  Onions  came  up 
well,  but  the  continual  cold  rain  and  hail  made  the 
drdls  very  ragged,  and  some  sorts  are  killed,  and  trans- 
planting by  wholesale  is  necessary.  The  plague  of 
slugs  has  been  extraordinary,  and  really  defied  both 
salt  and  lime.  Birds  are  very  prolific  and  numerous. 
Late  broods  m,ake  the  parent  birds  very  voracious  ; 
their  insect  food  and  worms  being  rather  scarce,  they 
are  eating  up  everything  in  the  shape  of  fruit,  seed, 
and  vegetables.  Really  the  difficulties  of  the  gar- 
dener on  cold  soils  this  year  are  exceptional.  P.  Mid- 
dleton,  Wynnstay,  Rhuabon,  Denbigh. 

Earlies  were  fully  ten  days  later  than  last 

year,  and  are  not  up  to  the  usual  average,  being 
small,  and  of  course  do  not  yield  anything  like  the 
weight  of  tubers  one  would  expect  if  they  were  of 
greater  size  ;  but  they  are  of  good  quality.  Later 
sorts  in  fields  and  gardens  are  not  in  a  promising 
state,  being  of  weakly  growth  and  of  a  yellowish 
colour,  and  inclining  to  curl  in  the  leaf,  and  unless 
we  have  some  rain  soon  I  am  a'raii  we  cannot  expect 
anything  like  the  yield  ol  last  year.  J.  Louden,  The 
Quinta  Gardens,  Chirk,  July  16. 


ENGLAND.— NORTHERN    COUNTIES. 

Northu.mderland.  —  Potatos  are  still  looking 
strong  and  healthy,  and  the  recent  rains  will  greatly 
benefit  them,  and  will  likely  yield  well.  Early  crops 
are  small,  but  good  in  quality,  with  no  signs  of 
disease.  Barley  and  Oats  in  this  district  on  light 
land  and  on  hills  are  so  short  it  will  be  almost 
impossible  to  reap  them.  Pastures  in  exposed  places 
are  almost  bare,  but  the  long-lookedfor  welcome 
showers  will  in  some  measure  recruit  and  improve 
them.   D.  /nglis,  Howick  Hall,  Lesbury. 

Durham.  —  The  Potatos  are  lifting  clean  and 
good,  but  owing  to  the  drought  are  rather  a  small 
crop.  Late  varieties  look  well,  clean,  and  healthy, 
and  up  to  the  present  free  from  disease,  and  after  the 
nice  rain  I  expect  they  will  lift  a  good  crop,  and  turn 
out  satisfactory.  J.  Hunter,  Lambton  Castle,  Fence 
Houses. 

All    looking  splendid.       No    appearance  ol 

disease.  R.  Westcott,  Raby  Castle,  Darlington. 

VORKSHIRE.— Healthy  ;  free  from  disease.  Early 
ones  small,  very  clean.  Rain  much  needed  for  the 
late  crop,  which  is  otherwise  very  promising.  R.  C. 
Kingston,  Branlinghani  Thorpe,  Brough. 

Early  Potatos  on  high  lands  are  very  small,  in 

cansequence  of  the  long-continued  drought  ;  they  are 
better  on  low  lands,  where  they  were  not  flooded  in 
May.  Late  field  Potatos  are  sulTering  for  want  of  rain, 
on  low  land  large  breadths  were  flooded  in  May  ;  the 
sets  rotted,  and  they  had  to  be  replanted  ;  in  consequence 
are  late  and  do  not  promise  very  well.  James  Tindall, 
Sprotborough  Hall  Gardens,  Doncaster. 

The  Potato  crop  is  suffering  very  much  from 


August  7,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


171 


dry  weather  ;  unless  we  have  rain  very  soon  both  early 
and  late  crops  will  be  bad.  With  the  exception  of  a 
few  slight  showers  in  the  last  week,  we  have  had  no 
rain  since  June  i.  All  other  green  crops  are  suffering 
very  much  from  drought.  Turnips  must  be  a  failure 
with  a  few  exceptions,  that  is,  where  they  were 
sown  very  early  ;  these  make  slow  progress,  but  are 
ready  for  growth  when  the  rain  comes.  More  than  half 
of  the  land  will  have  to  be  sown  over  again,  IV. 
Culverwdl,  Thorps  Perrmv,  BcdaU. 

Lancashire.— Potalos  look  well  in  fields  and 
gardens,  but  it  is  too  early  to  hazard  any  opinion  as 
to  crop  and  disease,  as  scarcely  any  had  been  dug  in 
the  district  before  the  end  of  the  first  week  in  July 
and  the  tubers  are  still  growing.  fF.  P.  Roberts, 
Cucrdon  Hall,  Preston,  July  19. 


EASTERN   COUNTIES. 

Lincolnshire.— The  crop  of  early  Potatos  very 
deficient,  owing  to  drought,  only  half  an  inch  of  rain 
having  fallen  in  this  district  since  June  3  ;  no  signs 
of  disease  at  present,  and  the  haulm  vigorous.  The 
result  of  late  crops  depends  on  rain.  Copious 
showers  on  the  14th  removed  that  source  of  appre- 
hension. IV.  In!>rain,  Bclvoir  Castle  Gardens, 
Grantham,  Jitly  16. 

Early  varieties  are  a  full  crop,  of  good  quality, 

and  so  far  are  quite  free  from  disease.  Late  varieties 
are  not  so  promising,  having  suffered  very  much  from 
the  intense  heat  and  long  drought,  and  cannot  pos- 
sibly be— especially  in  light  soils— a  heavy  crop.  IV. 
//arris,  Blanhney,  Jitly  l6. 

Norfolk. — Considering  the  very  dry  period  that 
this  crop  has  had  to  pass  through,  they  are  looking 
well.  We  only  had  0.39  of  an  inch  of  rain  in  the 
month  of  June,  and  up  to  this  date  (July  10)  we  have 
only  0.05  of  an  inch,  with  bright,  hot  days,  and  dry- 
ing winds.  No  disease  ha?  shown  itself  in  this 
neighbourhood  that  I  have  heard  of,  but  we  have  not 
here  had  one  thunderstorm  this  summer,  though 
there  has  been  thunder  and  rain  in  other  parts  of  the 
county.      T.  Wynne,  U'ro-xham, 

Suffolk. — The  cold  and  drought  have  been  very 
unfavourable  for  the  early  kinds,  the  crops  of  which 
have  been  light,  and  the  tubers  small,  but  the  late 
sorts  are  looking  well,  and  will  be  greatly  benefited 
by  the  rain  that  has  come  at  last,  and  juit  in  time  to 
save  them  from  suffering  a  severe  check  in  their 
swelling.  At  present  no  disease  is  apparent, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  leaves  are  har- 
dened sufficiently  to  be  proof  against  the  malady, 
or  at  least  in  a  condition  belter  able  to  resist 
the  spread  of  the  fungus.  J.  Shefpard,  Woher stone, 
/pswich. 

Early  Folates  small,  owing  to  the  long  spell 

of  cold  dry  weather.  Late  ones  also  checked  on  light 
soils,  as  no  rain  fell  to  reach  the  tubers  till  towards 
the  middle  of  July.  Latest  on  good  soils  promise 
a  full  crop.  No  disease.  D.  T.  Fish,  Hardwiche, 
Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Essex. — Early  Potatos  turn  out  well,  particularly 
Veitch's  Improved  Ashleaf  and  Gloucestershire 
Kidney.  No  disease  at  present.  Late  Potatos  in  this 
neighbourhood  look  uncommonly  well,  with  every 
promise  of  good  crops.   J.  Vert,  Audley  End. 

•  Potatos  are  certainly  very  poor  in  our  garden, 

and  they  do  not  look  promising  in  the  fields.  The 
dry  weather  set  in  when  the  tubers  were  not  larger  than 
Filberts.  The  top;  dropped  from  the  excessive  heat. 
The  early  Potatos  are  very  small,  and  the  others  will 
"grow  out"  with  a  heavy  rainfall.  The  cold  un- 
genial  weather  in  spring  prevented  their  starling  well. 
7.  Douglas,  Great  Gearies,  /Iford. 


MIDLAND  COUNTIES. 

Staffordshire.— Potatos  are  very  late  indeed  in 
this  district — so  late  that  I  cannot  say  much  about 
them,  only  that  they  are  looking  very  well,  and  there 
is  every  promise  of  their  being  good.  What  few  we 
have  lifted  outside,  though  small,  have  been  very  good 
in  quality,  and  free  from  disease.  John  Il'atlis, 
Aeele  //all. 

The  crops  of  early  Potatos  are  rather  late  and 

the  tubers  small.  Veitch's  Ashleaf  turns  out  very 
good  and  free  from  disease.  The  late  crops  look 
promising,  but  want  rain  very  much.  G.  VVythes, 
Teddesley  Part,  Penkrid^e. 

Warwickshire.— Early  Potatos  a  good  crop  on 
light  rich  soil  but  poor  otherwise  ;  late  Potatos  look 
very  promising  since  the  rain  fell,  but  everything  is 


from  a  fortnight  to  three  weeks  behind.  J.  G. 
Temple,  Packington  //all,  Coventry, 

Early  Potalos  so  far  have  been  excellent;  with 

a  little  more  rain  it  is  possible  they  might  have  been 
better,  but  as  it  is  there  is  nothing  to  grumble  about. 
Late  va'ieties  have  fared  worse  ;  there  need  be  no 
complaint  this  year  of  their  having  too  much  top 
suggesting  wider  planting,  on  the  contrary  the  tops  are 
small,  more  especially  on  heavy  land,  and  I  fear  the 
Potatos  too  will  be  proportionately  less.  The  rains 
we  are  now  having  no  doubt  will  incite  a  fresh 
growth,  not  perhaps  very  much  to  the  benefit  of  the 
general  crop.  All  other  kitchen  garden  produce, 
when  the  soil  is  deep  and  highly  manured,  is  excellent. 
Altogether  the  season  so  far  as  it  has  gone  has 
been  a  smiling  one.  W.  A/iller,  Coombe  Abbey 
Gardens. 

Leicestershire.— All  kinds  of  early  Potatos  are 
turning  out  small  through  want  of  rain  ;  late  ones  are 
looking  well,  especially  where  the  ground  was  well 
m.anured  ;  no  disease  at  present.  G.  C.  Maynard, 
Cole  Orion  Hall,  Ashbv-de  la  Zoiich. 

Bedfordshire.— The  early  kinds  are  fast  ripening 
the  haulm  from  the  droughts,  quality  good,  and 
very  free  from  disease  ;  the  later  kinds  are  looking 
well,  but  very  much  in  want  of  more  rain.  No 
appearance  of  disease.  G.  Ford,  JVrest  Pari,  Ampt- 
kill. 

Bucks.  —  Enly  varieties  good,  and  free  from 
disease.  Our  best  early  varieties  are  Early  Bird, 
Veitch's  Ashleaf,  Myall's,  and  Snowdrop  ;  this  I 
consider  the  very  best  early  Potato  grown — it  is  hardly 
so  early  as  Eirly  Bird,  &c.,  but  it  is  more  prolific. 
Lite  kinds  all  Ijok  promising,  but  they  will  be  small 
unless  we  get  rain  soon.  Reading  Hero,  School- 
mister,  Victoria,  and  Magnum  Bonum  are  the  varieties 
we  depend  on  for  a  late  supply,  y.  Smith,  Mentmore, 
Leighton  Buzzard. 

I  have  not  heard  of  a  single  tuber  being  dis- 
eased, and  in  most  places  I  ha^e  seen  the  Potato 
haulm  never  looked  better  on  heavy  land,  but  on 
gravelly  soils  they  are  completely  roasted  up,  and  the 
tubers  small  and  past  improvement,  P.  Frost, 
Dropmore,  A/aidenhea  i. 

Cheshire. — Potatos  were  late  in  coming  in  for 
use,  owing  to  the  cold,  late  spring,  and  the  very  hot, 
dry  weather  lately  has  caused  the  plants  in  light  soils 
to  wither  prematurely,  so  that  the  produce  is  light 
and  the  tubers  small  in  many  cases.  Late  Potatos 
look  very  healthy,  and  there  is  n3  appearance  of 
disase  at  present ;  but  it  is  as  yet  too  early  in  the 
season  to  form  an  opinion  upon  it.  W,  Whitaker, 
Cre-we  l/all. 

Shropshire. — Potatos  in  this  district  have  looked 
remarkably  well  till  within  the  last  week  ;  but  the 
haulm  is  dying  fast  now  for  the  want  of  rain,  and  should 
we  not  get  rain  ere  long  I  am  afraid  the  crops,  both 
of  early  and  second  early  varieties,  will  be  very  light, 
qurliiy  very  good.  A'.  A/ilner,  Sundorne  Castle 
Gardens,  Shrewsbury,  yuly  15, 


WESTERN  COUNTIES. 

Somersetshire.— Polatos  that  have  been  lifted 
have  proved  exceptionally  good  in  quality,  but  the 
crops  in  many  cases  are  light ;  Old  Ashleaf  and 
Veitch's  Improved  Ashleaf  the  most  profitable,  as 
these  only  of  all  the  early  and  second  early  sorts  have 
grown  to  their  usual  size.  Soaking  rains  are  still 
wanted  for  the  late  sorts,  or  the  crops  will  be  light. 
No  disease  is  apparent  at  present.  W,  /ggulden,  A/ars- 
ton  Gardens,  Frome. 

IIebefordshire.— First  earlies,  got  into  the 
ground  in  good  lime,  have  done  well,  and  although 
rather  below  the  average  size  the  tubers  are  now 
nearly  ripe,  free  from  disease,  and  excellent  in  quality. 
The  sorts  we  grow  are  Veitch's  and  Myatt's  Ashleaf. 
Mona's  Pride,  and  a  second  early,  called  Lady  Paget, 
Covent  Garden  Market,  or  Favourite,  also  do  well 
on  our  heavy  soil,  and,  together  with  Lady  Paget, 
furnish  our  general  supply  of  first  quality  until 
Potatos  come  in  the  following  June.  Late  varieties 
in  fields,  owing  to  the  cold  unsatisfactory  condition  of 
the  ground,  were  unsatisfactorily  planted.  Then  they 
were  overtaken  by  the  hot  dry  month,  which  came  a 
little  too  soon,  and  at  the  present  time  look  weak  in  the 
haulm.  The  change  to  showery  weather  may  now 
bring  about  an  improvement,  but  the  tubers  will  be 
small  even  if  they  escape  disease.  With  so  many  fine 
second  earlies  to  choose  from,  it  is  to  be  regretted  that 
late  coarse  varieties  are  so  extensively  planted  by  large 


growers.  As  yet  we  have  no  sign  of  disease.  W. 
Coleman,  Eastnor  Castle,  Ledbury. 

I   find   no    Potato  to  beat  Veitch's  Ashlea', 

which  I  have  been  digging  some  time.  The  crop  at 
present  is  plentiful;  tubers  small,  owing  to  the  dry 
weather.  I  have  seen  no  sign  of  disease.  Other 
sorts  in  the  field  look  healthy  and  clean,  and  should 
we  get  favourable  weather,  a  good  crop  will  be  the 
result  after  the  very  acceptable  rain  that  has  fallen, 
W.  Chinnery,  Downton  Castle  Gardens,  Ludlow. 

Worcestershire. — This  crop  so  far  shows  no  trace 
of  disease,  and  the  late  and  mid-season  varieties  will  be 
greatly  benefited  by  the  rains  which  we  are  now  get- 
ting, but  unless  the  soil  gets  a  good  soaking  rain  very 
shortly  the  crop,  we  fear,  will  be  smaller  than  usual. 
The  Myatts  which  we  have  been  lilting  for  use  are 
decidedly  undersized,  although  of  good  quality 
when  cooked.  With  us  Cosmopolitan  and  Wood- 
stock Kidney  are  by  far  the  best  varieties  for  mid- 
season  use.  We  are  this  season  trying  Sutton's  Seed- 
ling and  Sutton's  Abundance,  and  to  all  appearance 
they  will  be  very  good,  but  for  late  use  we  find 
nothing  to  equal  Scotch  Champions,  which  are  all 
that  can  be  desired  in  quality.  W.  Child,  Croome 
Court,  Severn  Stoke. 


SOUTHERN  COUNTIES. 
Middlesex. — Late  kinds  are  looking  very  well, 
and  early  ones  have  stood  well  on  hoi  ling  soils,  but 
on  shallow  soils  have  suffered  from  the  heat.  Digging 
has  begun  of  Beauty  of  Hebron  and  other  early 
market  sorts,  but  the  tubers  so  far  are  not  large. 
Much  allowance  has  to  be  made  for  the  lateness  of  the 
season,  but  should  the  disease  keep  off — and  no 
evidence  of  it  has  yet  been  found — there  should  be  a 
very  heavy  crop  of  Potatos  this  year.  A.  Dean, 
Bedfont,  Felthani. 

Surrey. — Potatos  in  this  district  are  suffering  for 
want  of  rain,  early  ones  small,  and  late  ones,  although 
looking  well  in  some  parts,  are  ripening  off  fast  in  our 
neighbourhood,  but  a  good  rain  soon  mry  improve 
them  a  great  deal.  J.  Tanner,  Tandridge  Cou  t, 
Godstone,  July  15. 

The    Potato   crop    is   very   good.       Kidney 

varieties  have  yielded  abundant  and  good  from  the  first 
plant,  but  the  succession  have  sutf;red  from  the 
drought.  The  late  crops  are  looking  very  promising  ; 
the  rain  which  fell  hereon  the  I2ih  13th,  and  I4'h 
ult.  has  set  the  late  ones  up  for  some  lime  to  com^. 
Up  to  the  present  there  is  no  sign  of  disease  in  the 
haulm  or  tubers.  The  crops  are  a  full  fjrtnight 
late.  The  undermentioned  varieties  succeed  best  in 
this  locality  :— Ashleaf,  Veitch's  Improved,  Beau'y 
of  Hebron,  Magnum  Bonum,  Miss  Fowler,  Welford 
Park,  Wormleighlon  Seedling,  Chiswick  Favourite 
(is  doing  very  well),  Coldstream,  M.  P.,  Schoolmaster, 
Vicar  of  Laleham,  and  Porter's  Excelsior.  A.  Evans, 
Lylhe  Hill,  l/aslemere. 

Ke.nt.— Early  sorls  are  ripening  off  and  turni.'ig 
out  veiy  good,  but  small,  in  consequence  of  the 
drought.  Late  kinds  are  looking  belter,  but  wi  1 
soon  come  to  a  standstill  if  no  rain  come?.  If  this 
happens  superlubeiation  will  be  almost  certain  to 
follow,  consequently  a  good  Potato  crop  is  very 
doubtful  this  season.   H.  Cannell,  Swanky. 

Sussex  — The  prospect  of  a  good  crop  of  Potalos 
with  me,  as  a  rule,  is  good.  Throughout  my  sixty 
good  standard  kinds  I  have  not  seen  any  signs  of 
Potato  blight  ;  but  in  this  district,  in  some  of  the 
cottage  gardens,  it  was  seen  on  July  2,  and  in  one  or 
two  cases  badly.  I  may  say  throughout  this  district 
in  all  the  collage  gardens  Potatos  are  looking  well. 
We  had  two  storms  of  rain  equalling  l|  inch  within 
the  last  two  days  ;  hence  I  fear  we  may  see  somelhing 
of  the  disease.  The  twelve  kinds  which  are  looking 
most  satisfactory  are  :  — Prizetaker,  Myall's  Ashleaf, 
Reading  Russet,  The  Dean,  M.P.,  Vicar  of  Laleham, 
EJgecote  Seedling  (purple),  Miss  Fowler,  Snowdrop, 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  Cosmopolitan,  and  Beauty  of 
Kent.  S.  Ford,  Leonardslee,  Horsham. 

Hants. — The  early  varieties  are  unusually  good, 
the  yield  being  much  above  the  average  ;  there  is  not 
a  speck  of  disease,  and  the  quality  is  superb.  We 
have  discarded  all  the  early  American  kinds,  and 
reinstated  the  old  Ashleaf,  Walnutleaf,  and  Lap- 
stone.  Dean's  Midsummer  Kidney  is  a  new  variety 
belonging  to  this  early  section  that  bids  fair  to 
rival  the  older  varieties.  Our  best  early  round 
kinds  are  Fenn's  Early  Regent  and  Sutton's  First  and 
Best ;  both  are  of  the  highest  quality,  and  crop 
splendidly.     In  spite  of  the  intense  be^t  and  drought 


172 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  7,  18 


late  varieties  are  looking  extremely  well.  W.  V/ild- 
smith,  Heckfiehl  Place,  Winchfield, 

Wilts. — The  Potato  crop  promises  to  be  an  all- 
round  good  one  this  year.  The  haulms  are  sturdy 
and  healthy  looking,  and  the  tubers  of  early  varieties 
plentiful  and  good.  Dwarf  haulms,  as  a  rule, 
produce  a  greater  weight  of  Potatos  from  a  given 
space  of  ground,  and  of  better  quality,  than  would 
be  secured  from  those  of  a  more  luxuriant  growth. 
However,  it  is  rather  early  in  the  season  to  express  a 
definite  opinion  about  late  crops,  further  than  saying 
that  if  the  weather  during  the  months  of  August  and 
September  be  moderately  dry  they  are  likely  to  be,  as 
already  said,  good,  and  free  from  disease.  H,  W» 
Ward,  Longford  Castle. 

Devon. — Potatos  are  excellent  in  quality.  Early 
kinds  are  of  good  size,  but  it  is  feared  the  second  earlies 
and  late  kinds  are  checked  by  the  drought,  so  that  if 
the  crop  is  abundant  the  tubers  will  besmall.  Beauty 
of  Hebron  takes  the  lead  with  early  kinds,  for  all 
purposes.  No  disease  seen  up  to  the  present.  D,  C. 
Foivell,  Poivderham  Casth,  Exeter. 

Early  Ashleaf  Kidneys  are  wonderfully  fine  and 

sound,  so  also  is  Covent  Garden  Perfection.  Owing 
to  the  continuation  of  dry  weather  the  foliage  is 
drying  off.  Some  of  the  late  kinds  look  fresh  in  the 
top  ;  the  tubers  appear  to  have  stopped  growing.  A 
few  light  showers  would  most  likely  produce  supertu- 
beralion.  A  good  soaking  of  rain  would  save  the 
late  kinds.  The  soil  hereabouts  is  rather  light  and 
shaley.  I  find  with  deep  trenching,  and  plenty  of 
manure  added,  the  soil  is  the  most  productive  I  have 
met  with.    G.  Baker,  Membland,  Plyjupton. 

Cornwall.  —  Potatos  are  exceedingly  good  and 
plentiful.  The  fine  weather  of  the  past  three  weeks 
has  finished  them  off  splendidly.  The  earliest  are 
Dearly  all  ripe,  and  the  field  crops  are  very  pro- 
mising. Not  a  spot  of  disease  is  visible.  C.  Lee^ 
Boconnoc,  Lostzvithiel, 


CHANNEL   ISLANDS. 

Jersey. — The  Potato  crop  has  been  and  is  abund- 
ant— 6,  7,  and  8  cabots  (40  lb.  weight)  to  the  perch 
of  22  feet  square.  Jersey  weight  is  8  per  cent, 
heavier  than  English  weight,  i.e.,  104  lb.  are  equal 
to  I  cwt.  The  price  has  been  very  vacillating,  owing 
to  the  mode  of  traffic  at  the  St.  Htlier's  weighbridge. 
The  quality  has  varied  according  to  the  sort,  and  the 
state  of  maturity  they  were  brought  in.  Myatl's 
Prolific  Kidney  is  the  favourite  variety  as  a  first  crop. 
Webb's  Imperial  Kidney  (renamed  Early  Jersey 
Fluke),  and  Lapstone  Kidney  are  varieties  much 
grown  as  secondary  crops.  Owing  to  the  large  iize 
of  the  first  of  these  varieties  they  are  often  dug  before 
they  are  ripe.  The  crops  of  these  and  also  of  the 
later  varieties  promise  to  be  fine  and  good.  The 
weather  has  hitherto  been  very  favourable.  Should 
heavy  rain  succeed  this  long  period  of  drought  the 
late  Potatos  may  suffer.  C.  B,  Saunders,  St, 
Saviour's. 

Guernsey. — First  and  second  early  Potato  crop 
has  been  heavy  and  very  good  quality.  But  prices 
have  luied  so  unprecedentedly  low  that  the  profit 
remaining  is  but  infinitessimal.  Late  sorts  are  also 
promising  heavy  yields.  Charles  Smith,  Caledonian 
Nursery. 


DISEASE    OF    OATS. 

Heterodera  RADICICOLA,  Miiller. 
Under  the  name  of  Root-ill,  Thick-root,  Tulip- 
root,  or  Segging,  a  disease  of  Oats  has,  according  to 
the  Scottish  Agricultural  Gazette,  become  of  late 
alarmingly  prevalent  in  certain  Scottish  districts.  A 
correspondent  says  the  effect  is  to  almost  entirely 
destroy  the  crop  of  Oats.  The  disease  is  referred  to 
by  Dr.  Aitken  in  his  report  on  the  Oat  crop  at  the 
Highland  Society's  experimental  station  at  Pum- 
pherston,  published  in  this  year's  Transactions,  but 
no  positive  results  are  given.  Under  the  pseudo- 
nym of  "Triptolemus"  a  writer  in  the  Scottish 
Agricultural  Gazette  very  correctly  describes  the 
appearance  of  affected  crops.  He  says:— "Some 
weeks  after  the  braird,  when  the  plant  is  from  4  to 
6  inches  in  length,  it  assumes  a  tufty,  bushy  character, 
and  if  pulled  up  the  bottom  of  the  plant  will  be  found 
to  be  of  a  bulbous  nature,  with  few,  if  any,  root- 
fibres  growing  from  it,  the  whole  presenting  a  spongy, 
unhealthy  appearance.  In  a  few  weeks  the  plant 
thus  affected  withers  and  dies,  and  where  a  field  is 
badly  diseased,  at  harvest  there  is  nothing  but  a  few 


short  green  stalks  with  abortive  heads."  The  same 
writer  says  the  disease  is  only  found  on  the  heavier 
soils,  being  very  general  on  the  medium  and  heavy 
soils  of  Midlothian  ;  and  in  good  tolerably  open  loam, 
a  soil  inclined  to  be  cloddy  in  dry  weather  following 
wet,  if  not  carefully  worked.  The  disease  is  practi- 
cally unknown  on  the  lighter,  freer  soils  of  Peeblesshire. 
Diseased  crops  have  been  grown  on  the  four-course 
rotation  for  many  years.  It  is  usually  worse  in  wet 
springs  followed  by  dry  and  cold  weather  after  the 
crop  has  brairded,  like  the  weather  of  the  last  two 
seasons  ;  the  places  that  are  affected  may  generally  be 
observed  to  be  in  a  lumpy,  hard  condition — a  bad 
tilth  in  fact.  The  writer  in  the  Scottish  Agricultural 
Gazette  then  expresses  an  opinion  that  Tulip-root  is 


caused  by  an  "  unfavourable  condition  of  the  soil  such 
as  to  prevent  a  free  spread  of  the  root-fibres,"  but  as 
this  opinion  is  erroneous,  the  possible  remedies  as 
quoted  by  '*  Triptolemus  "  must  necessarily  fail.  The 
writer  just  mentioned,  however,  says  : — '*  A  very 
generally  held  belief  is  that  the  disease  is  the  result  ot 
a  too  frequent  recurrence  of  the  same  crop."  This  be- 
lief is  no  doubt  founded  on  correct  observation. 

In  the  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  31)  the 
basal  portions  of  four  young  Oat  plants  are  shown 
natural  size.  The  general  absence  of  root-fibres,  the 
generally  swollen  bulbous  appearance  (hence  Tulip- 
root)  of  the  new  growths,  and  their  contorted,  twisted, 
knotted  aspect,  must  be  noted.  To  the  touch  the 
newer  of  these  smaller  growths  are  soft  and  pulpy, 
whilst  the  older  ones  are  hard,  brown,  and  dead, 

A   microscopic  examination    of  the   swollen   parts 


of  the  plants  taken  from  beneath  the  ground- 
line  immediately  reveals  the  cause  and  nature 
of  the  disease,  for  every  portion  of  the  affected 
parts  is  alive  with  nematodes,  or  microscopic  thread- 
worms. These  nematodes,  with  their  eggs  and  young 
in  all  stages  of  growth,  and  full  of  vitality,  exist  in 
thousands  in  the  distorted  parts  of  the  host  plant.  At 
A  the  eggs  are  shown  with  the  young  coiled  within, 
at  B  the  infant  worms  just  emerged  from  the  eggs, 
and  at  c  the  mature  nematodes,  enlarged  160 
diameters.  I  take  the  worm  to  be  Heterodera 
radicicola,  Miiller,  and  the  disease  to  be  identical 
with  the  "  Rotergallbildningar  hos  korn  "  of  Norway 
and  Sweden.  The  nematode  just  mentioned  forms 
little  gall  like  nodosities  on  the  roots  of  corn,  and 
these  galls,  full  of  eggs,  are  broken  off,  and  left 
in  the  soil,  unless  the  plants  are  taken  up  with  great 
care.  The  same  nematode  attacks  the  basal  parts  of 
the  young  plants.  The  young  leaves  nf  Oits  are  fur- 
nished with  an  abundance  of  short  transparent  hairs, 
and  it  is  curious  that  these  hairs  agree  in  size  and 
transparency  with  the  mature  nematodes,  but  there 
is  no  difficulty  in  distinguishing  one  from  the  other. 
The  worms  are  of  course  full  of  life  ;  they  are,  how- 
ever, inclined  to  be  somewhat  quiescent  at  first,  as 
the  moisture  existing  naturally  in  growing  Oats  is 
not  sufficient  for  much  graceful  coiling  and  twisting 
about.  The  addition  of  a  drop  of  water  under  the 
cover  glass  of  the  microscopic  slide  soon  sets  any 
nematodes  which  may  be  temporarily  quiescent  into 
a  state  of  active  vitality.  The  examples  of  diseased 
Oats  with  nematodes  here  illustrated  are  now  in  the 
Department  of  Botany,  British  Museum,  South  Ken- 
sington. 

The  application  of  lime  to  the  soil,  the  exposure  of 
the  soil  to  sun  and  frost,  and  the  cessation  of  Oats 
and  grass  for  a  season  or  two  as  a  field  crop,  would 
probably  tend  to  reduce  the  numbers  of  this  destruc- 
tive pest. 

Heterodera  radicicola,  Miiller,  is  a  near  ally  of  the 
nematode  which  causes  "  ear-cockle "  in  corn  — 
Tylenchus  tritici,  of  Bastian. 

Nematodes  have  several  times  been  illustrated  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Cucum- 
ber disease.  Of  the  most  remarkable  of  these  are  the 
nematodes  of  Odontoglots  :  see  Gardeners^  Chronicle, 
Jan.  9,  1886.  IForthinoton  G.  Smith,  Dunstable. 
[The  same  species  has  been  described  in  the  roots  of 
various  grasses.   Ed.] 


VINES  AT  TEMPLE    NEWSOME. 

When  old  Vines  have  been  reduced  to  a  weak 
enfeebled  state  through  hard  forcing,  or  some  other 
cause,  it  often  becomes  a  question  whether  it  is  not 
better  to  start  afresh  with  new  plants  than  to  attempt 
to  bring  them  round  again.  There  is  something  to 
be  said  in  favour  of  each  course,  and  in  this,  as  in 
other  matters,  cases  alter  circumstances,  so  that  no 
fixed  rule  can  be  laid  down.  Independent  of  this 
there  is  often  reluctance  on  the  part  of  those  who  are 
concerned  in  their  culture  to  part  with  the  old  Vines. 
This  much  may  be  said,  that  it  would  be  difficult  to 
name  a  plant  which,  after  having  been  reduced  to  an 
exhausted  state,  can  be  thoroughly  renovated  ia  the 
way  that  Vines  admit  of  being. 

At  Temple  Newsome  may  be  seen  an  example  of 
this  in  the  case  of  old  Vines  that  were  so  weak  that 
many  gardeners  would  have  condemned  them  as  being 
useless.  Yet  their  condition  now,  both  in  respect  to 
the  growth  and  fruit  they  produce,  is  one  of  the 
instances  that  one  sees  of  the  recuperative  power 
inherent  in  the  Vine,  The  Vines  are  forced  so  that 
the  fruit  is  ripe  at  the  beginning  of  May,  the  sorts 
consisting  of  Black  Hamburgh  and  Foster's  Seedling. 
When  I  saw  them  in  the  middle  of  last  June  the  crop 
was  almost  gathered,  but  the  bunches  that  remained 
were  well  finished  examples,  which  Mr.  Dawes  has 
this  season  been  successful  with  at  the  York  show 
and  elsewhere,  The  second  vinery  contains  Madies- 
field  Court,  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  Muscat  Ham- 
burgh, carrying  a  good  crop  of  handsome  bunches. 
Another  house  is  occupied  by  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
Mrs.  Pince,  Muscat  Hamburgh,  Gros.Colmar,  Alnwick 
Seedling,  and  Gros  Guillaume,  all  of  which  are 
bearing  good  crops  ;  the  last-named  variety  has  a 
number  of  Urge  bunches  that  look  as  if  they  would  be 
quite  equal  to  the  splendid  examples  with  which  Mr, 
Dawes  took  1st  prizes  last  autumn  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  and  at  South  Kensington,  The  same  may  be 
said  of  Gros  Colmar,  which  also  took  ist  prizes  last 


August  7,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


173 


year  at  both  these  shows.  Two  lar^e  houses  are 
principally  filled  with  L:ady  Downe's  and  Black 
Alicante,  looking  equally  promising. 

In  the  earliest  Peach-house  most  of  the  crop  was 
cleared,  but  the  fruit  that  remained  was  of  good  size 
and  well  coloured.  In  the  second  house  an  even  crop 
was  coming  on.  A  new  house,  built  the  winter 
before  last,  contains  a  fine  lot  of  young  trees  that 
have  made  good  progress. 

Fig  trees  that  are  planted  out  have  a  house  to  them- 
selves, and  are  in  good  bearing  condition. 

Pines  are  very  well  done  ;  the  fruiting-pits  con- 
tained a  number  of  Queens  that  looked  as  if  they  would 
weigh  from  5  to  6  lb.  each.  The  succession-pit  was 
occupied  by  as  good  a  lot  of  stout,  short-leaved 
plants  as  one  could  wish  to  see. 

Melons  are  grown  in  quantity,  a  range  of  low  houses 
being  filled  wiih  healthy  plants  in  various  slaves. 
The  plant  department  at  this  garden  is  not  lost  sight 
of;  in  a  large  high  old-fashioned  conservatory  there 
was  a  fine  lot  of  Camellias.  The  plants,  which  are 
planted  in  the  centre  bed,  have  attained  a  large 
size,  and  are  in  faultless  condition.  A  few  large  dense 
bushes  of  this  plant  were  found  in  several  of  the 
vineries.  Two  small  houses  are  devoted  chiefly  to 
Orchids,  which  consist  of  a  selection  of  Cattleyas, 
Lselias,  Aerides,  Dendrobiums,  Cselogynes,  and  the 
cooler  kinds  such  as  Odontoglossums  and  Masde- 
vallias  in  a  healthy  thriving  state.  One  side  of  a 
span-roofed  house  is  filled  with  greenhouse  Rhodo- 
dendrons, which  thrive  and  bloom  well. 

Out-of-doors,  Apricots  have  set  better  than  Peaches 
this  season  ;  on  a  long  wall  covered  with  large  healthy 
trees  there  is  an  excellent  crop.  Plums  also  are 
bearing  a  full  crop.  Apples  have  set  better  appar- 
ently than  in  the  southern  counties.  The  grounds 
attached  to  this  fine  old  historic  place  are  extensive, 
and  are  well  kept.  The  flower  garden  in  front  of  the 
mansion  deserves  especial  mention  for  the  good  taste 
that  was  displayed  in  its  formation.  The  error  so 
often  made  has  been  avoided  of  over*filling  the  lawn 
with  beds  and  leaving  insufficient  turfed  surface  to  set 
off  the  colours.  Inattention  to  this  point  has  had 
much  to  do  with  the  discredit  attached  to  massing 
out  in  the  flower  garden.  The  planting  also  has  been 
very  well  done.    T.  B. 


GLOXINIAS  AT  MESSRS. 
SUTTON  AND  SONS'  NURSERY, 
READING. 

As  is  now  pretty  well  known  by  gardeners,  the 
best  strains  of  our  commoner  flowers  and  vegetables 
are  quite  as  much  the  result  of  patient  selection  of 
types  exhibiting  some  desirable  characteristic— the 
work  extending  in  almost  all  instances  over  many 
generations  of  the  plants  operated  on— as  of  felicitous 
haphazard  crosses.  An  instance  of  the  results  follow- 
ing patient  selection  of  plants  with  good  points  is  well 
shown  in  the  Gloxinias  at  Reading.  These  favourite 
plants,  which  in  this  instance  were  sown  last  Feb- 
ruary, are  arranged  in  several  span  houses,  and  well 
repaid  a  visit  made  to  the  nursery  recently. 

It  is  almost  superfluous  to  say  that  the  management 
of  the  plants  is  understood  perfectly,  and  well  they 
have  responded  to  the  art  of  the  cultivator,  as  was 
seen  in  the  robustness  of  both  foliage  and  flower. 
Being  now  in  flower  the  younger  batches  enjoy  an 
atmosphere  suited  to  their  wants  at  that  stage,  and 
differing  much  from  that  prevailing  in  the  houses 
during  the  growing  season.  There  is  much  less 
moisture  in  the  air,  but  little  artificial  heat,  and  to 
preserve  the  blooms  at  their  best  shading  is  constantly 
kept  on.  During  the  period  of  growth  the  air  is  kept 
extremely  moist,  and  that  without  ever  allowing  the 
foliage  to  get  actually  touched  by  water  ;  great  care 
being  also  used  in  watering. 

In  selecting  plants  for  hybridising  several  import- 
ant points  are  kept  in  view,  such  as  robust  foliage  of 
great  substance  and  breadth,  with  shortness  in  the  leaf- 
stalk, and  an  inclination  to  droop  over  the  pot,  so  as  to 
hide  it  from  view.  So  much  forthe  leaf;  the  flower  must 
have  a  stalk  sufficiently  stout  to  require  no  support, 
the  lobes  of  the  flower  overlapping,  and  the  whole 
substance  capable  of  retaining  its  proper  form  for  a 
considerable  length  of  time.  The  colours  are  as 
varied  as  possible,  both  in  the  erect  and  drooping  varie- 
ties, consistent  with  elegance,  and  an  effort  is  being 
made  to  secure  them  with  a  distinct  white  termi- 
nation at  the  bottom  of  the  throat.  Some  of  the 
strains  observed  are  netted  over  the  area  of  the 
lobes     like    the    Tydaas,    the    veins    forming    the 


network  being  usually  white,  or  white  suffused  with 
the  prevailing  colour  of  the  flower.  No  crosses  have 
been  obtained  with  either  this  species  or  with  the 
Gesnera,  although  seed-vessels  sometimes  result,  but 
the  seed  is  always  infertile.  A  splendid  white 
Gloxinia  with  a  very  long  tube  with  overlapping 
lobes,  and  of  great  substance  and  fine  foliage,  was 
observed.     This  is  an  immense  acquisition. 

Under  the  careful  eff  »rts  made  here  the  flirasiness 
of  the  plant  has  quite  disappeared  in  flower  and  leaf, 
but  the  Gloxinia  still  remains  a  stove  plant,  or,  at  the 
most,  a  subject  for  the  intermediate-house  when  in 
flower  in  the  summer  months,  and  has  special  require- 
ments of  treaiment,  which  must  be  attended  to  tjy  all 
who  would  excel  in  its  culiivation,  not  the  least  of 
which  are  mild  doses  of  liquid  fertilisers.  M. 


TWO    NEW   ORCHIDS. 

Dhndrobium  WiLLlAMSiANUM.  —  This  exceed- 
ingly rare  species  {fig.  32)  was  shown  at 
South    Kensington    on    July    13    by     Mr.    B.     S . 


Williams,  Paradise  Nursery,  Holloway,  and  re- 
ceived a  First-class  Certificate  from  the  Committee, 
The  Dendrobium  was  introduced  from  New  Guinea 
eight  years  ago  by  Mr.  Goldie,  a  traveller  in 
those  regions,  but  has  only  just  now  flowered  for  the 
first  time.  The  racemes,  which  are  produced  from 
the  upper  part  of  the  pseudobulb,  bear  about  six 
flowers,  which  are  of  an  ivory-white  colour  and  of  a 
roundish  form  ;  throat  and  lip  purple.     The  pseudo- 


bulbs  are  terete,  slender,  tapering,  and  possessing  a 
few  small  leaves.  Now  that  the  plant  has  shown  its 
beauty  we  hope  to  see  it  in  general  cultivation. 

Phaius  humbloti. 
This  elegant  new  little  Orchid  (fig.  33)  was  also 
shown  at  South  Kensington  on  July  13,  by  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  Bart.,  when  a  First-class  Certificate  was 
awarded  to  it.  Phaius  Humbloti  has  oval  sepals  and 
petals  of  a  pinkish-purple  colour,  and  of  an  equal 
size  ;  lip  rosy-purple,  white  base,  winged  at  the  base, 
and  having  a  bright  yellow  central  crest  ;  flower  stems 
about  18  inches  in  height,  bearing  about  eight  flowers 
2  inches  in  diameter  ;  leaves  like  those  of  the  genus 
generally  ;  pseudobulbs  stout  and  globular.  The 
plant  is  a  native  of  Madagascar,  where  It  was  dis- 
covered by  the  traveller  whose  name  it  bears — Hum- 
blot,  not  Humboldt,  who  was  never  in  Madagascar. 
This  fact  is  to  be  remembered,  as  P.  Humbloti  has 
been  called  by  the  misleading  name  of  P.  Humboldti. 
The  plant  is  well  worthy  of  cultivation. 


THE  CUTTING    OUT  OF    LAND- 
SCAPES. 

How  often  is  it  true  that  we  cannot  see  the  forest 
for  the  trees  ?  The  saying  is  equally  and  more  forcibly 
true  of  landscapes.  Their  beauty  is  hidden,  grown 
in  by  the  very  prodigality  of  their  furnishing  ;  a  mere 
mass  of  wood  or  forest  is  not  a  landscape  — trees  or 
shrubs  alone,  or  in  combination,  fail  to  form  such. 
True,  these  must  be  present  in  sufficient  number 
and  bulk  to  form  the  basis — the  shadows  of  the  land- 
scape— but  open  spaces,  to  enable  these  to  be  seen 
are  essential  to  its  completion.  The  latter  are  the 
lights  that  raise  the  shadows  into  matchless  things  of 
beauty — the  joys  for  ever  that  win  our  hearts  and  cap- 
tivates our  imagination.  But  just  as  many  a  fine 
picture  loses  half  its  charm  through  its  excess  of 
shadow,  so  thousands  of  our  fair  landscapes  have 
been  marred  and  ruined  through  excessive  planting, 
and  the  excessive  use  of  coniferous  trees  ;  the  latter 
having  robbed  many  a  bright  landscape  of  all  its 
cheerfulness,  and  brought  it  down  to  the  sombre 
level  of  the  old  churchyards,  except  in  spring  and 
summer. 

At  last  the  mania  for  coniferous  plants  mainly,  or 
only  around  demesnes,  has  been  arrested.  But  before 
the  planting  can  be  nicely  adapted  to  the  light  of  our 
climate  great  clearances  of  coniferous  trees  must  be 
made  from  many  a  landscape.  The  common  Scotch 
Fir,  as  it  grows  in  age  and  stature,  does  its  best  to 
neutralise  the  dense  black  shade  of  its  top  by  the 
ruddy  glow  of  its  stems.  But  to  derive  any  benefit 
from  this  natural  relief  the  trees  must  be  seen  singly, 
or  in  groups  of  such  size  as  to  allow  the  light  to  play 
on  the  stems  with  such  fulness  and  freedom  as  to 
bring  out  this  ruddy  glow  of  brightness  ;  bringing  us 
back  to  our  starting-point,  that  no  landscape  can  be 
complete  without  light  as  well  as  shadow — that  is, 
masses  of  shrubs  and  trees  and  clear  spaces  between 
them,  to  enable  the  former  to  be  seen  to  the  best 
advantage.  All  this  will  be  the  more  apparent  if  we 
take  the  primary  meaning  of  landscape  as  a  land 
view  from  a  ship,  The  open  sea  between  the 
beholder  and  the  land  floods  the  most  beautiful 
objects  upon  the  latter  with  light,  and  thus  presents 
them  to  the  beholder  in  the  most  enchanting  and 
bewitching  aspect.  It  is  a  mistake  often  made  to 
affirm  that  it  is  distance  alone  that  lends  enchantment 
to  landscapes  from  ships  at  sea.  No  doubt  in  many 
cases  this  has  its  influence  ;  but  the  chief  cause  of 
the  additional  charm  is  the  open  space  that  enables 
each  detail  of  form,  colour,  harmony,  or  contrast  to 
be  seen  in  all  its  full  meaning  and  significance 

All  this  is  merely  to  show  the  vital  importance 
of  cutting  out  landscapes— that  is,  of  having  suf- 
ficient clearance  not  only  to  balance  our  shadows 
with  light,  but  to  furnish  view-space  sufficient  to 
enable  every  beholder  to  see  all  the  beauties  of  the 
living  picture.  As  well  try  to  discover  the  merits  of 
pictures  crowded  almost  within  touch  of  each  other  as 
to  reveal  the  beauties  of  landscapes  crowded  into  mere 
blocks  of  trees  or  shrubs.  By  cutting  down  full  half 
or  more  of  the  trees  in  many  parks  or  pleasure-grounds 
the  landscapes  would  be  marvellously  enriched  and 
even  indefinitely  extended.  In  such  cases  a  part 
would  then  prove  infinitely  better — that  is,  richer  and 
more  beautiful — than  the  whole.  In  this  sense  open 
spaces  are  as  much  or  more  desiderated  in  the 
country  as  the  town.  In  the  latter  they  purify  the 
air,  in  the  former  they  extend  and  enrich  our  view- 
line,  as  well  as  give  the  atmosphere  freer  sweep 
around  our  dwellings. 

The  dense  smotherings  of  trees  and  shrubs  that  too 
often  surround  our  homes,  that  descended  to  us  from 
the  days  when  the  single  canon  of  "Hide  all  buildings" 
was  accepted  and  practised  by  landscape  planters  as 
the  alpha  and  omega  of  their  art,  are  neither 
wholesome  nor  beautiful,  and  the  sooner  the  axe 
is  laid  at  the  roots  of  many  of  those  concealing 
belts  the  better.  It  is,  however,  in  those  and  similar 
clearances  that  the  true  landscape  artist  developes  his 
taste  and  his  genius.  Instead  of  a  general  clearance, 
resulting  in  baldness,  the  belts  or  woods  should  be 
broken  up  into  groups,  beautiful  and  graceful  in  them- 
selves, while  bringing  out  or  letting  in  all  the  salient 
points  of  the  building  and  of  woods,  parks  or  other 
features  of  interest  in  the  near  or  distant  landscape. 
The  amount  of  beauty  shut  out  of  our  landscapes  by 
such  unworthy  motives  as  the  confining  them  to  the 
possessor's  own  property,  and  other  personal  or  social 
limitations,  are  lamentable  from  an  artistic  and 
national  point  of  view.      Now  that   more   catholic 


174 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  7,  iS 


views  nnd  tastes  prevail,  the  cutting  out  of  landscapes 
should  include,  as  far  as  possible,  every  available  fea- 
ture Hi  Kill  rest  and  oliject  of  beauty. 

Fortunately  these  charms  in  most  paiti  of  the 
country — landscapes  of  superlative  beauty-are  wait- 
ing to  be  revealed— over  the  hedge  or  on  the  other 
side  of  the  belt  that  environs  hundreds  and  thousands 
of  demesnes.  The  desire  o(  isolation,  the  assumed 
necessiiy  for  shelter — the  love  of  privacy — all  com- 
bined to  shut  in  gardens  and  demesnes  from  the  outer 
world.  Meanwhile  not  a  few  futile  attempts  were 
made  to  create  landscapes  within  the  limits  of  smill 
estates,  which  never  could  by  any  amount  of  skill 
equal  thoe  so  successfully  shut  out.  Wiih  the  view 
of  crowding  much  into  liitie  space,  these  were  mostly 
overplanttd,  and  resulted  in  a  mere  crowding  of  trees 
and  shrubs  instead  of  a  chaste  and  finished  land- 
scape. Under  such  circumstances  few  things  are 
easier  to  skill  and  taste  than  to  link  the  smaller 
elements  of  beauty  within  the  demesne  to  the  larger 
and  broader  features  of  interest  outside. 

Occasionally  the  mere  cutting  of  a  few  gaps  in 
narrow  belts  or  hedgerows  will  reveal  permanent 
features  of  surpassing  richness  and  beauty,  such,  for 
example,  as  a  group  of  Cedars  of  Lebanon  00  a  knoll 
in  a  distant  park,  a  mass  of  purple-hued  Silver  Birch, 
Wych  Elm,  Pines,  or  Horse  Chestnuts— a  distant 
lake  or  river  Hanked  with  drooping  Willows,  backed 
with  a  glimpse  of  a  dark  Pine  forest  in  the  far  dis- 
tance. These  are  but  mere  suggestions  of  sim^dc 
elenients  of  landscape  beauty  that  may  mostly  be  had 
in  plenty  by  simply  letting  them  in  from  a  distance. 

As  already  remarked,  the  interest,  beauty,  ap- 
parent extent,  and  enjoyabiiity  of  most  places,  may 
be  multiplied  many-fold  by  cutting  sufficiently  large 
clearances  to  enable  their  many  features  of  interest  and 
beauty  to  be  seen.  In  fine,  the  one  want  of  thousinds 
of  landscapes  is  light — more  light — and  this  maybe 
had  in  any  quantily  by  simply  letting  it  in  by  cutting. 
D.  T.  Fish. 


^COTCH      j^  OTEg. 

THE  BOG  GARDEN  IN  THE  ROYAL  BOTANIC 
GARDENS,    EDINBURGH. 

This  feature  in  these  well  managed  gardens,  if  not 
the  most  extensive  or  important,  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  to  the  genuine  lover  of  plants.  The 
lessons  to  be  learned  by  an  inspection  of  the  various 
plants  growing  in  it  are  many  and  valuable.  The 
most  important  of  these  to  us,  perhaps,  was 
gathered  from  the  extraordinary  success  that  had 
attended  the  planting  out  of  Cyananthus  lobatus. 
Every  one  who  has  tried  his  hand  on  the  culture  of 
this  lovely  gem  knows  how  coy  a  thing  it  is  to 
manage  satisfactorily.  Here  in  this  bog  garden  there 
is  not  only  no  difficulty  experienced  with  it,  but  it 
absolutely  luxuriates  in  patches  from  15  to  iS  inches 
in  diameter,  clothed  with  healthy  foliage  and  masses 
of  iis  lovely  blue  flowers,  the  latter  of  such  enormous 
size  as  we  have  never  seen  before  in  the  most  suc- 
cessful specimens  that  have  ever  come  under  our 
notice.  The  plant  is  perfectly  at  home,  and  those 
who  wish  to  succeed  in  like  manner  must  copy  the 
conditions  under  which  it  grows  here. 

The  bog  garden  is  slightly  elevated  above  the  level 
of  the  adjoining  pond,  devoted  to  aquatic  plants,  and 
only  separated  from  it  by  the  width  ol  a  commodious 
gravel  walk  and  a  strip  of  grass  only  a  few  feet  wide. 
It  was  formerly  a  ditch,  and  was  recently  filled  up  by 
Mr.  Lindsay  with  soil  suitable  for  the  plants  that  he 
wished  to  establish  in  it.  A  few  drains  were  carried 
from  the  bed  across  the  grass  and  path  already  men- 
tioned in  order  to  keep  the  surface  dry  and  sweet. 
These  are  briefly  the  details  of  the  construction  of 
this  bog  garden,  and  Mr.  Lindsay  has  been  no 
less  happy  in  settling  them  than  in  the  selec- 
tion of  the  plants  that  occupy  it.  Splendidly 
healthy  clumps  of  Saxifraga  hirculus  and  a  kindred 
species  from  the  Himalayas  (S.  diversifolia),  yellow- 
flowered  and  spotted  in  the  same  delicate  and 
beautiful  manner,  were  growing  and  flowering  most 
freely.  The  latter  is  a  taller  species  than  the  former, 
and  has  broad  ovate  cordate  radical  and  cauline 
leaves.  Primula  denticulata  was  simply  marvellous 
in  its  luxuriance.  The  foliage  was  from  iS  to 
20  inches  in  height,  and  of  proportionate  breadth  and 
substance,  and  the  midribs  were  conspicuous  in  their 
breadth,  and  in  the  rich  red  colour  that  marked  them 
throughout.    Some  of  the  flower-scapes  were  standing 


though  the  flowers  were  over,  and  measured  24  feet 
in  length.  P.  scotica  and  P.  Stuarti  were  equally 
remarkable  for  their  abnormal  luxuriance.  Cahha 
leptosepala,  a  pure  white-flowered  North  American 
species  ;  Parnassia  rubicola,  from  the  Himalayas, 
with  much  larger,  but  scarcely  so  pure  white  flowers 
as  our  native  P.  palustris,  along  with  many  other  in- 
teresting things  were  all  in  the  most  satisfactory  con- 
dition. Mr.  Lindsay  will,  no  doubt,  extend  his  ex- 
periments in  this  way  to  other  species  usually  culti- 
vated in  pots  or  on  rockwork.  What  an  advantage 
it  would  be  to  cultivators  of  plants  of  the  classes  in- 
dicated if  they  could  dispense  with  the  tedious  trouble- 
some methods  usually  practised  in  their  management, 
and  what  an  enhancing  of  their  enjoyment  if  by  such 
simple  means  they  can  attain  like  results  to  those 
described  above  with  other  equally  desirable  and  more 
or  less  difficult  subjects  to  manage  in  the  common 
way. 

The  Rock  Garden. 
In  the  rock  garden  and  other  parts  of  the  Botanic 
Gardens  we  noted  an  interesting  form  of  Chrysanthe- 
mum leucanthemum  with  large  tubular  ray  florets, 
discovered  by  Professor  Dickson  during  a  botanical 
ramble  some  years  ago— a  transition  in  form  which 
may  possibly  lead  up  to  a  valuable  hardy  double  white 
flower  for  cutting  and  decorative  purposes  ;  the  purer 
white  of  the  flowers,  and  the  absence  of  the  unpleasant 
odour  of  Matricaria,  would  give  such  an  acquisition,  if 
obtained,  a  first-class  position  in  the  estimation  of 
florists  who  have  to  cater  for  the  market  in  cheap 
flowers.  A  grand  undetermined  species  of  Eri- 
geron  will  be  looked  for  with  interest  once  it  is 
named,  and  find  its  way  into  commerce.  The  plant 
grows  to  the  height  of  about  2j  feet,  with  enormous 
rose-lilac  heads  of  flower  from  3  to  4  inches  acros'. 
Dianlhus  cinnabarinus  is  a  gem  of  great  attactiveness, 
with  flowers  in  the  way  of  Linum  grandiflorum  as  to 
colour,  but  a  shade  or  two  lighter,  and  very  fragrant. 
The  plant  is  neat  and  compact,  about  9  inches  high, 
rather  wiry  in  habit,  and  with  sparse  foliage. 
Delphinium  Brunonianum  (the  Musk-scented  Lark- 
spur), was  flowering  freely,  and  if  not  one  of  the 
brightest  of  its  tribe  it  is  at  least  one  of  the  most 
characteristic,  apart  from  the  powerful  odour  of 
musk  it  emits  from  nearly  every  part  when  it  is 
handled.  Campanula  turbinala  alba,  raised  by 
Mr.  Grieve,  Pilrig  Nurseries,  Edinburgh,  is  un- 
questionably the  best  of  dwarf  white  Campanulas, 
the  purity  of  the  colour  is  perfection.  Dianthus 
Atkinsonii,  as  seen  in  the  rock  garden  here,  is 
evidently  the  single  prototype  of  the  better  known 
double  Pink,  Napoleon  III,,  and  a  brilliant  free- 
flowering  plant  it  is.  Gaillardia  maxima  is,  per- 
haps, the  grandest  of  the  species.  The  ray  is  rich 
golden-yellow,  the  disc  brownish-orange,  and  the 
individual  flower-heads  range  from  4  to  5  inches 
across.  A  large  mass  of  Cacalia  alpina,  with  bright 
rosy  Eupatorium-Iike  flowers  in  rich  profusion,  com- 
bined with  an  easy  yet  compact  habit  of  growth, 
arrested  the  attention  and  suggested  its  fitness  for  a 
good  position  in  ornamental  herbaceous  borders. 
The  species  is  a  native  of  the  Swiss  Alps.  Celmisia 
spectabilis,  with  Cordyline-like  habit  and  foliage, 
hoary,  with  silky  adpressed  down  peculiar  to  many  of 
the  Composites,  is  a  strikingly  characteristic  plant 
for  rockwork.  The  flower-heads  are  large,  the  ray 
pure  while,  the  disc  deep  yellow.  The  polypetalous 
form  of  Campanula  rotundifolia  deserves  to  be  belter 
known  than  it  is ;  apart  from  the  extraordinary  eccen- 
tricity of  the  structure  of  its  flowers  it  is  one  of  the 
most  ornamental  and  profuse  blooming  of  the  family. 


TrEE3 


AND 


^HF(UB3. 


PHILADELPHUS  GORDONIANUS. 
Apropos  "  R.  D.'s"  interesting  remarks  {p.  43) 
on  the  Sydney  Gardens,  Bath,  I  may  be  allowed  to 
say,  while  endorsing  all  that  your  correspondent  h  is  so 
well  said  respecting  them  and  their  management,  that 
nowhere  else  have  I  ever  seen  so  many  fine  and  well- 
flowered  bushes  of  the  Philadelphus  as  those  which 
alike  delighted  the  senses  of  seeing  and  smelling  of 
the  numerous  visitors  to  the  above-named  gardens  on 
the  occasion  of  the  recent  Rose  show  there,  the 
showy  white  and  highly  odoriferous  flowers  tilling  the 
atmosphere  of  the  gardens  with  their  pleasant  per- 
fume. The  simple  leaves  of  these  handsome  shrubs 
are  large  and  fine  looking,  the  flowers  being  unusually 


large  (nearly  2  inches  in  diameter)  and  sweet. 
Judgment  has  been  used  in  the  planting  of  this  not 
sufficiently  often  met  with  shrub  singly  in  conspicuous 
places  and  at  proper  intervals  from  one  another,  so  as 
not  to  render  the  air  too  strongly  perfumed  with  their 
odour  in  any  particular  part  of  the  gardens.  B;aring 
in  mind  the  easy  culture  of  this  American  species  of 
the  "  Syringa  "  of  gardeners,  together  with  the  chaste 
and  sweetly  scented  flowers  which  the  plants  produce 
so  freely,  the  wonder  is  that  it  is  not  more  extensively 
grown  in  shrubberies  and  other  frequented  spots  near 
to  the  walks  and  drives.  It  will  succeed  in  almost 
any  description  of  soil  and  situation,  ff.  II'.  JV, 

Carpenteria  californica. 
I  was  much  pleased  on  seeing  Carpenteria  califor- 
nica figured  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  last  week. 
The  figure  is  a  very  good  one,  showing  the  flowers  of 
right  size  and  shape  ;  the  leaves  ought  to  be  some- 
what larger.  Two  or  three  years  ago,  at  the  time  I 
was  foreman  at  Wilhelmshohe  Castle,  this  species  of 
Carpenteria  flowered  there  for  the  first  time  in  Ger- 
many. I  sent  flowers  to  Prof.  Wittmack,  who,  (if  I 
remember  correctly)  figured  Ihem  in  the  Garlcn 
Zeilung.  A  plant  of  Carpenteiia  of  now  about  6  feet 
high  in  Wilhelmshohe,  is  placed  in  a  basket  in  the 
open  ground  during  summer,  and  put  in  a  cold 
frame  in  winter.  So  treated,  it  succeeds  well,  having 
flowered  profusely  these  last  three  years.  A  smaller 
plant  of  it,  left  outside,  survived  two  winters,  when 
the  cold  did  not  exceed  20°,  but  the  last  winter,  with 
30°  to  40°  of  cold,  killed  it. 

RUBUS  DELICIOSUS. 
This  is  another  fine  flowering  shrub.  It  is  of 
shrubby  habit,  not  climbing,  spineless,  the  flowers 
being  large,  pure  white,  appearing  at  the  end  of  the 
branches.  This  shrub  must  stand  free,  to  show  its 
full  beauty  ;  some  pruning  is  necessary  to  keep  it  in 
good  shape.  Kept  in  good  order,  and  planted  on  the 
right  place,  it  is  a  beautiful  thing,  well  worth  a  place 
in  every  collection.  It  is  perfectly  hardy,  even  in  our 
Continental  climate,  C.  PVissenbach.  Friedhofs-ln- 
spcktor^  Cassel,  Germany. 


PROPAGATION   OF  PELARGONIUMS. 

It  is  now  time  that  steps  were  taken  to  secure  the 
requisite  stock  of  Pelargonium  cuttings  for  the  filling 
of  the  flower-beds  next  year.  There  are  various 
methods  employed  to  secure  this  purpose,  but  either 
of  the  following  will  meet  the  exigencies  of  most 
cases.  In  the  first  case  you  have  a  pit  with  a  row  of 
hot-water  pipes  all  round  to  exclude  frost  and  drive 
out  damp.  On  a  level  hard'  bottom  3  or  4  inches  of 
loam,  leaf-mould,  and  sand  in  equal  quantities  is 
placed,  after  being  passed  through  a  three-quarter 
inch  riddle.  In  this  the  cuttings  are  pricked  from 
2\  to  3  inches  each  way.  The  sashes  are  removed 
night  and  day,  except  during  heavy  nnd  continuous 
rains.  The  plants  remain  here  until  the  following 
February  or  March,  when  they  are  potted  into  48  pots. 

The  next  best  plan  is  to  use  shallow  wood;n  boxes, 
2  feet  long,  15  inches  wide,  and  4  inches  deep.  Each 
of  these  boxes  will  hold  about  fifty  cuttings.  The 
bottomsof  the  boxes  must  have  a  readyoutlet  for  water. 
Place  some  of  the  rougher  sittings  of  the  compost  in 
the  bottom,  then  fill  up  to  the  edge  with  the  compost 
previously  recommended  pressed  moderately  firm. 
As  soon  as  the  cuttings  are  put  in  they  should 
receive  a  good  watering  through  a  fine  rose,  and  be 
removed  to  the  south  side  of  a  wall  or  hedge  in  the 
full  blaze  of  the  sun.  The  boxes  are  better  placed  on 
bricks  or  blocks  of  wood  to  prevent  them  from 
decay  and  to  keep  worms  from  entering.  If  a  pit  or 
frame  can  be  spared  to  stand  them  in,  the  sashes  can 
then  be  used  to  protect  the  cuttings  from  rains,  but 
where  these  are  not  available  some  protection  can  be 
afforded  them  with  mats  or  canvas.  They  will, 
however,  required  to  be  removed  under  protection 
on  the  slightest  indication  of  frost  or  continuous 
rains. 

The  third  system  is  to  employ  4S's,  32's,  and  42  pots. 
This  is  a  very  suitable  plan  where  a  limited  quantily  is 
required,  and  recommends  ilseK  to  the  amateur  where 
plants  have  to  be  wintered  on  narrow  shelves ;  but 


August  7,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


175 


this  system  entails  a  greater  amount  of  attention  in 
tbe  shape  of  watering  than  either  of  the  former 
systems.  The  tricolors,  gold  and  silver  leaved  kinds, 
should  be  started  with.  First  secure  one  or  two 
cuttings  from  each  phnt.  These  should  not  be  less 
than  6  inches  long,  and  they  will  be  all  the  better  if 
they  are  8  or  9.  They  will  require  the  fjliage 
removed  from  the  two  joints  next  the  base,  and  any 
wood  remaining  beyond  the  lowest  j  lint  should  be 
cut  off  with  a  sharp  knife.  They  will  be  none  the 
worse  for  being  spread  out  in  the  sun  for  an  hour  or 
so  after  they  are  made,  to  dry  up  the  sap  a  little. 
]V.  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo  GarJcn. 


chilly  at  times  ;  and  if  we  can  prevent  only  one  valu- 
able plant  from  being  thrown  into  bad  health  by 
giving  a  little  heat,  that  alone  will  repay  the  cost  of 
the  fuel  consumed.   C.  U'oolforJ,  Downtidc. 


Jhe  ^rchid   j4oug£S. 

ODONTOGLOSSUMS  AND    M.^SDEVAI-LIAS. 

When  a  collection  of  Orchids  is  commenced  in 
any  place  it  is  often  said  that  that  particular  district 
is  best  suited  to  one  particular  class  more  than 
another,  and  I  think  this  is  so  with  cool  Orchids.  If 
I  bad  the  choice  in  the  matter  of  locality  in  which  to 
grow  these  in  the  best  possible  way,  I  should  give 
this  question  some  consideration.  But  as  a  rule  there 
is  but  little  choice  allowed  where  to  build  an  Orchid- 
house,  and  we  must  do  what  is  best  under  the  cir- 
cumstances. If  a  gardener  should  see  a  better  grown 
collection  than  his  own,  he  can  soon  learn  if  they  are 
treated  about  the  same  as  his  in  the  matter  of  ventila- 
tion, water,  temperature,  and  shading  ;  and  if  the 
treatment  is  the  same,  I  should  say  the  difference  in 
appearance  was  due  to  locality.  Many  gardeners 
would  think  it  rather  curious  practice  to  give  plenty 
of  air  in  wet  and  sunless  weather,  and  reduce  the 
ventilation  as  soon  as  the  sun  shines,  but  I  would 
advise  those  that  have  Odontoglossums  which  are 
more  brown  or  rusty-looking  than  they  care  to  see  to 
try  this  system  ;  but  care  must  be  taken  to  have  a 
thick  shading.  If  ihe  house  is  a  span,  running  north 
and  south,  the  shading  can  be  raised  9  or  10  inches  at 
the  bottom  to  let  in  the  light ;  if  the  span  runs  east 
and  west,  the  shading  on  the  north  side  can  be  raised 
at  the  bottom  i  foot  6  inches;  and  the  same  applies  to 
a  lean-to  with  a  north  aspect — in  all  cases  letting  the 
blind  supports  project  beyond  the  eaves  of  the  house, 
so  that  the  sun  cannot  shine  underneath  the  blind 
late  in  the  afternoon.  Where  convenient  a  lean-to 
house  facing  east  is  good  for  cool  Odontoglossums 
and  Masdevallias, 

Oncidium  Jonesianum, 
Oncidium  Jonesianum  will  prove  itself  to  be  a  fine 
Orchid  when  we  discover  its  requirements.  We 
have  some  growing  close  to  the  glass  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Phal^enopsis-house  without  shade,  and 
near  to  the  opening  at  the  eaves ;  they  appear  to 
enjoy  the  afternoon  sun,  growing  and  flowering 
freely,  some  bearing  spikes  with  upwards  of  twenty 
blooms.  Some  plants  are  growing  in  the  Catlleya- 
house  ;  these  flower  as  freely  but  are  rather  liter,  and 
I  think  they  are  likely  to  keep  in  good  health  longer 
in  the  Cattleya-house.  The  roots  of  O.  Jonesianum 
dislike  any  wet  materi.il  about  them,  either  peat  or 
moss  ;  and  after  trying  them  in  different  ways  I  find 
they  will  root  fairly  well  on  cork  or  wood  with  the  bark 
left  on,  but  after  a  time  fungus  makes  its  appearance. 
Some  plants  are  fastened  to  pieces  of  tree  fern 
stems,  but  if  this  be  kept  in  a  wet  s'.ate  the  roots  of 
the  Orchid  die  off.  At  present  those  grow  best  that 
are  fixed  to  Teak  rafts  having  the  leaves  turned 
downwards  ;  they  are  watered  with  the  syringe  two 
or  three  times  in  the  day  if  the  weather  be  bright, 
always  letting  them  dry  thoroughly  before  damping 
again.  Leptotes  bicolor  and  varieties  also  do  well 
in  the  Cattleya-house,  suspended  from  the  roof. 

General  Directions. 
During  dull  weather  very  little  syringing  or  damp- 
ing down  is  required  in  any  department  ;  as  our 
summers  are  so  changeable  I  do  not  think  there  can 
be  any  rule  laid  down  for  damping  any  house  a 
certain  number  of  times  in  the  day,  for  the  state  of 
the  weather  furnishes  the  best  guide  in  the  matter. 
If  gardeners  growing  Orchids  pay  particular  attention 
to  this  they  will  not  be  troubled  with  their  fine 
growths  rotting  off  after  taking  so  much  previous 
pains  with  them.  Houses  in  which  East  Indian 
Orchids,  Cattleyas,  and  Dendrobiums  are  grown 
should  not  be  deprived  of  fire-heat  entirely.  In  the 
eailf  morning  the  ait  in  these  houses  will  feel  very 


"fj^AI^Tg  AND  THEIR  f  ULTUF(E. 


THE    GREENHOUSE. 

Great  attention  must  be  paid  to  the  choicer  kinds 
of  greenhouse  plants,  to  see  that  they  do  not  get 
soddened  with  rain.  A  temporary  framework  with 
odd  lights  laid  on  makes  a  good  protection,  but  a 
thick  blind  on  rollers  let  down  when  required  will 
answer  very  well.  Keep  a  sharp  eye  for  mildew,  and 
when  any  trace  of  it  is  perceived  dust  over  at  once 
with  flowers  of  sulphur.  From  this  time  onwards 
there  will  be  many  soft-wooded  subjects  in  this 
department  that  require  to  be  kept  growing  freely, 
such  as  Cinerarias  and  Primulas  ;  the  first  lot  of 
these  should  now  be  in  48's,  others  should  be 
shifted  when  large  enough  ;  and  any  plants  that 
were  marked  when  in  bloom  for  seed  or  for  pro- 
pagation should  now  have  the  side  shoots  taken  off 
carefully  and  potted  :  this  applies  to  the  Cineraria. 
A  late  sowing  of  each,  as  well  as  of  Calceolarias,  may 
be  made.  Kalosanthes,  which  are  now  going  out  of 
bloom,  must  be  cut  down  to  within  2  or  3  inches  from 
where  the  shoot  originated.  Keep  the  plants  in  a 
light  airy  place  for  the  present,  reducing  the  amount 
of  water  at  the  roots.  Put  in  cuttings  ;  these  strike 
freely  in  pits,  frames,  or  on  shelves.  Fuchsias  which 
are  growing  and  are  wanted  to  flower  late  should  have 
a  liberal  supply  of  liquid  manure,  and  be  kept  shaded 
and  in  a  cool  aspect.  Silvias,  Solanums,  and  early 
Bouvardias  should  now  be  in  their  blooming  pots,  this 
batch  coming  in  most  useful  before  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum. Give  them  plenty  of  stimulating  food  as  they 
fill  their  pots  with  roots.  Plants  of  Ardisia  crenulata 
are  best  placed  in  a  light  position  when  swelling  their 
berries,  giving  sufficient  warmth  to  enable  them  to 
grow  freely.  Tropxolum  Ball  of  Fire  should  now  be 
shifted  on  in  its  blooming  pots ;  cuttings  should  also 
be  put  in  for  late  supply.  These  when  grown  freely 
are  good  for  training  on  main  rafters. 

Cuttings  of  Ficus  repens  put  in  now  quite  thickly 
in  large  6o's  or  4S's  come  in  very  useful  for 
indoor  furnishing,  more  especially  during  the  winter, 
when  the  rooms  are  kept  warm,  and  Ferns  then 
go  off  quickly.  Lapagerias  which  have  been  run 
up  to  the  glass,  and  are  now  showing  bloom, 
may  be  brought  down  to  the  balloon  trellis  to  expand 
their  blooms,  when  they  may  be  moved  into  the  con- 
servatory or  other  place.  All  climbing  plants  which 
have  done  flowering  should  be  well  syringed  to  keep 
under  red-spider.  Pelargoniums  which  were  placed 
out-of-doors  to  ripen  their  wood  after  flowering  will 
now  be  ready  for  cutting  back,  which  should 
be  done  at  once,  leaving  from  three  to  seven 
buds  or  eyes  according  to  age  or  size  of 
the  plants,  and  for  the  purpose  for  which 
they  are  likely  to  be  required  next  season.  If  re- 
quired of  a  large  size,  shoots  to  the  length  of  5  inches 
may  be  left  on  them,  as  these  can  be  pegged  down 
or  tied  out  to  form  the  foundation  of  the  specimen. 
After  pruning  they  must  be  kept  somewhat  drier,  as 
there  will  be  less  root-action  till  they  begin  to  break  ; 
they  should  be  placed  in  a  pit  or  frame  after  the 
operation.  An  occasional  dewing  overhead  will 
induce  the  buds  to  break.  This  remark  applies  more 
particularly  to  the  fancy  varieties,  as  they  do  not 
break  so  freely  as  the  large  leaved  varieties.  Propa- 
gate any  variety  which  it  is  desirable  to  increase  ;  these 
strike  freely  if  placed  in  a  cold  frame  or  pit,  and 
shaded,  dewing  them  overhead  on  hot  afternoons.  A. 
Evans,  Lythc  Hill,  Haihmere. 


"pF^UITg     -yNDEF^     <^LA33. 


MELONS. 
Plants  intended  for  supplying  fruit  during  the 
months  of  November  and  Dacember  should,  like 
plants  intended  for  fruiting  in  spring  and  throughout 
the  summer  and  autumn,  be  planted  on  the  mounds 
before  their  roots  become  cramped  in  the  seedling 
(3-inch)  pots,  but  should  the  house  in  which  they  are 
to  be  fruited  not  be  ready  for  their  reception,  shift  the 


plants  into  pots  a  size  or  two  larger  than  those  in 
which  they  are  growing,  so  ai  to  prevent  them  from 
experiencing  a  check,  which  would  assuredly  follow 
any  stunting  of  growth.  Plants  now  coming  into  flower 
should  have  their  expanded  flowers  impregnated 
with  the  male  pollen  when  it  is  dry,  and  a  more 
airy  and  dry  atmosphere  is  given  to  them,  until 
the  desired  number  of  fruits  to  fDrm  the  crop  is 
secured.  As  soon  as  it  can  be  seen  which  are  going 
to  swell,  reduce  the  number  to  four  or  five,  according 
to  circumstances,  on  each  plant.  In  houses  and  pits 
in  which  the  fruits  are  ripe  and  ripening, 
maintain  a  free  circulation  of  fresh  air,  so  as 
to  give  flavour  to  the  fruits.  Plants  swelling  their 
fruits  should  have  liberal  supplies  of  liquid  manure 
given  at  the  roots,  and  the  shoots  should  be  kept  well 
thinned  and  stopped.  Shut  up  the  houses,  pit>,  and 
frames  in  which  such  plants  are  growing  suffi;iently 
early  in  the  afternoon  to  raise  the  temperature  to 
90'  with  sun,  affording  plenty  of  atmospheric  moisture 
at  the  same  time.  Put  mats  over  plants  growing  in 
unheated  pits  and  frames  at  night,  and  warm  the 
pipes  of  houses  so  heated  sufliciently  to  prevent  the 
temperature  in  the  same  from  falling  below  70°  or  65° 
between  sunset  and  sunrise. 

Figs. 
Houses  in  which  the  trees  are  swelling  a  second 
crop  of  fruit  should  be  kept  close  and  moi;t  by 
syringing  the  trees  morning  and  afternoon  at  closing 
time,  when  the  temperature  may  be  run  up  to  90** 
with  sun-heat,  and  give  adequate  supplies  of  water  at 
the  roots  when  necessary.  Houses  in  which  the  tret  3 
are  ripening  their  crops  should  have  abundance  of 
fresh  air  admitted  to  them  day  and  night  on  all  favour- 
able occasions.   H.  iV.  Ward,  Longford  Casllc. 


J4aRDY     "pRUIT    'Q;ARDEJM. 

STRAWBERRY  BEDS. 
The  ground  between  the  rows  of  plants  which  have 
finished  fruiting  should  be  cleared  of  weeds,  and 
all  useless  lunners  removed.  Old  plantations  of 
plants  which  have  stood  their  allotted  time  and  are 
worn  out,  should  be  grubbed  up,  the  ground  trenched 
and  manured,  and  planted  with  some  useful  wintrr 
vegetable  crops.  This  is  a  good  time  to  thin  out  the 
crowns  of  plants,  which  are  to  remain  to  supply 
dessert  fruit  next  year,  removing  the  centre  crown?, 
and  leaving  from  four  to  six  of  the  outer  ones. 

Bush  Fruits. 
Nets  should  be  removed  from  the  different 
quarters  of  black  Currants,  &c.,  as  soon  as  the  fruit  is 
gathered,  being  careful  not  to  store  them  until  per- 
fectly dry.  Any  weeds  that  may  have  accumulated 
between  the  bushes  during  the  past  busy  time  of  fruit 
gathering  and  watering  should  be  cleared  off,  and  the 
quarters  left  tidy  and  clean.  Young  Currant  trees 
which  have  grown  strongly,  and  the  shoots  are  too 
many  to  allow  them  to  ripen  thoroughly,  should  by  all 
means  be  thinned  out  as  early  as  possible,  and  if  time 
can  be  spared  they  may  with  advantage  be  thinned  to 
the  extent  that  no  further  autumn  or  winter  pruning 
will  be  required.  In  fact,  these  remarks  apply  with 
equal  force  to  all  kinds  of  bushes  from  which  the  fruit 
his  been  gathered.  Red  and  white  Currant  trees 
may  have  nets  placed  over  a  limited  number  of  bushes, 
with  the  view  of  keeping  the  fruit  for  a  longer  period 
of  time.     G.  If.  Richards^  Somcrhy^  Ringiuood. 


Heat  as  a  Standard  tor  Comparison  with 
THE  Progress  of  Vegetation.— General  Strachey 
has  endeavoured  to  establish  a  simple  method  of  com- 
puting the  quantity  of  heat  received  at  any  place  and 
proper  to  use  as  a  standard  for  comparison  with  the 
progress  of  vegetation.  Recognising  the  fact  that  it 
is  not  the  absolute  temperature  that  should  be 
summed  up  from  day  to  day  for  this  purpose,  but 
that  it  is  the  excess  above  a  detinite  minimum,  and 
that  below  this  minimum  active  vegetative  processes 
are  not  possible,  (Isneral  Strachey  has  endeavoured 
to  establish  the  minimam  limit,  and  to  devise  con- 
venient methods  for  summing  up  the  excess  above  it. 
Numerical  tables  are  given  to  assist  the  computation. 
r>y  assuming  42°  Fahr.  a  base  temperature,  it  results 
that  a  very  close  approximation  is  given  by  simply 
subtracting  this  figure  from  the  true  mean  tempera- 
ture on  each  pentade,  and  summing  the  remainder?. 


176 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  7,  18 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

(Royal  Horticultural  Society  :    Meetings  ot 
the    Fruit    and     Floral    Committees,    at 
Ti  A  M  ;  Show  of  Plants.  &c. 
Clay  Cross  Horticultural  Society's  Annual 

Sale  of  Dr.  Munyard's  Collection  ol  Orchids, 
L     at  I'rothcroc  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

•ri.fi.cr..>       A..„    ,,  I  Sale   of  Orchids  in  Flower,  and  of  Importa- 

TmuBSDAY,     Aug.   13  J      lion,  of  Orchids,  8rc.,  at  Stevens' Rooms. 

c-„.*..u  .  -  f  Sale  o(  Importations  of  Orchids  from  Mr. 

Fbiday,  Aug.  13  j      Sander,  ai  Protheroe  ft  Morris'  Rooms. 

f  Sale  of  the   First  ConsiKnment  ol    Dutch 

SATURDAy,      Aug.  14  \      Hulbs    (lotted    to    suit    the    Trade),    at 
t       Stevens'  Rooms. 


IN  endeavouring  to  discriminate  between  one 
plant  and  another,  botanists  make  use  of 
whatever  "  characters  "  may  be  available,  recog- 
nising that  some  of  these  carry  more  weight  than 
t  thers.  In  pre-Darwinian  days  constancy  or 
persistence  was  a  point  to  which  the  greatest 
importance  was  attached,  as  indeed  it  is  also 
now,  but  for  a  different  and  more  philosophical 
reason.  Certain  characteristics,  for  instance, 
are  or  seem  to  be  immutable,  others  are  clearly 
variable  according  to  circumstances.  The 
latter  furnish  illustrations  of  the  pliability  of 
the  plant,  and  its  capacity  for  adaptation  to 
different  circumstances  and  conditions.  These 
are  the  points  the  gardener  consciously  or 
unconsciously  gets  hold  of,  and  by  virtue  of 
which  he  is  enabled  to  select  and  develope 
tendencies  according  to  his  own  will  and 
pleasure.  These  physiological  characteristics, 
in  fact,  are  the  great  things  for  the  cultivator  to 
attend  to. 

The  other  relatively  unchangeable  characters 
are  those  most  appreciated  by  systematic  botan- 
ists, not  only  because  they  save  much  trouble 
and  afford  a  comparatively  secure  basis  for  com- 
parison, but  also  because — and  here  the  Dar- 
winian theory  comes  in — they  afford  evidence  of 
the  hereditary  or  congenital  endowments  which 
pass  on  from  generation  to  generation  un- 
affected, or  relatively  so,  by  variations  in  the 
kind  or  amount  of  nourishment  and  other  cir- 
cumstances. According  to  these  views  in 
studying  the  Potato  the  botanist  would  lay 
much  more  stress  upon  the  flowers  and  seeds 
than  he  wou'd  upon  the  haulm  or  the  tuber, 
because  both  the  latter,  and  especially 
the  tuber,  have  been  "  selected "  by  man  to 
suit  his  own  purposes,  and  any  tendency  to 
change  has  been  by  him  fostered  and  encou- 
raged with  the  result  that  while  there  is  infinite 
variety  in  haulm  or  tuber  there  is  compara- 
tively little  in  the  flower,  and  the  flower,  there- 
fore, is  considered  to  afford  better  evidence 
than  the  tuber  of  the  ancestry  and  genealogy  of 
the  Potato. 

M.  De  Candolle,  who  has  recently  pub- 
lished some  researches  on  this  subject,  points 
out  that  the  Potato  as  cultivated  differs  from 
the  plant  figured  by  Baker  (Joitrn.  Lin.  Soc, 
vol.  XX.,  p.  4S9,  &c.)  in  its  sharply  pointed,  not 
obtuse  calyx  lobes.  The  difference,  it  will  be 
seen,  is  of  no  direct  cultural  importance,  but 
it  may  be  of  great  significance  as  an  indication 
of  affinity.  For  these  latter  purposes  atten- 
tion should  be  given  to  those  parts  which 
man  has  had  no  interest  in  changing.  The 
Potato  of  Clusius  and  Gerard  is,  so  far 
as  foliage  and  flower  go,  the  Potato  of  the 
present  day;  but  who  shall  enumerate  the 
varieties  in  the  tuber  that  now  exist  or  that 
have  existed  since  the  introduction  of  the  tuber? 
To  illustrate  this  point  Messrs.  Sutton  were 
good  enough  to  forward  some  information  which 
was  communicated  to  M.  De  Candolle.  In 
brief,  Messrs.  SuTTON  declared  that  they  had 
never  in  their  vast  experience  seen  a  Potato 
with  blunt  caly.x-lobes.  We  cannot  follow  M. 
De  Candolle  in  all  the  details  of  his  com- 
munication. It  must  suffice  to  say,  that  in  his 
opinion  S.  tuberosum  and  S.  Maglia  are  specifi- 
cally the  same,  or  ratherof  the  species  tuberosum. 
M.  De  Candolle  admits  four  varieties — i, 
chiloense,  from  Chiloe,  identical  as  to  flowers 
with  the  cultivated  form ;   2,  cultum,  the   cul- 


tivated plant ;  3,  Sabini,  which  is  the  Maglia 
of  Hooker  {Bot.  Ma^.,  t.  6756);  and  4, 
Maglia,  from  Chili,  the  plant  of  Baker. 

In  addition  M.  De  Candolle  describes  as 
a  new  species  S.  Bridgesii  from  Chili  and  to 
which  he  refers  the  S.  tuberosum  of  Baker's 
figure  before  cited  ;  and  another  species,  called 
S.  Mandoni,  from  the  mountains  of  Bolivia.  It 
is  admitted  that  the  distinctions  between  these 
species  are  very  slight  and  very  inconstant,  but 
that  is  the  more  reason  why  attention  should 
be  paid  to  the  inherited  characteristics  which 
are  not  so  much  subjected  to  modification 
either  naturally  or  by  the  hand  of  man.  Potato 
growers  would  do  a  service,  now  that  the  Potatos 
are  in  flower,  if  they  would  observe  any  varia- 
tion in  the  form  of  the  calyx  from  the  ordinary 
sharply  pointed  lobes  outside  the  blue  or  white 
corolla. 

The  returns  of  the  Potato  crop,  which  will  be 
found  in  the  previous  pages,  afford  evidence 
of  the  damage  resulting  all  over  the  kingdom 
from  the  excessive  dryness  of  June  and  July. 
The  quality  of  the  early  crops  is  generally  good, 
if  the  produce  be  not  over-abundant.  Late  and 
main  crops  promise  well  should  the  late  rains 
have  been  generally  distributed,  and  no  disease 
should  appear.  It  is  a  singular  fact,  and  one 
pointing  to  the  low  average  temperatures  of  the 
present  summer,  that  Potatos  suffered  slightly 
from  frost  in  July  in  Ross-shire. 


Prize  Essay    on    Roots. — Next  week  we 

intend  to  publish  Mr.  P.  Sewell's  essay  on  "  Roots 
and  their  Work."  It  is  the  essay  which  obtained  the 
First  Prize  in  the  recent  competition  among  young 
gardeners,  and  will  be  illustrated, 

Dendrobium  stratiotes.  —  We  are  in- 
debted to  the  Conipagnie  Continentale  of  Ghent  for 
the  opportunity  of  fitjuring  this  very  remarkable  and 
very  attractive  Oichid  (fig.  34).  The  Diiector  has 
also  obligingly  furnished  us  wiih  flowers,  which  have 
enabled  us  to  examine  their  singular  structure.  The 
figure  supplies  an  explanation  of  the  name  attributed 
tothe species  by  Prof.  Reichenbach.  The  "soldier" 
Dendrobe,  in  fict,  wiltl  its  mass  of  erect  pseudohulb.<;, 
resembles  a  company  of  soldiers,  the  position  of  the 
petals,  now  erect,  at  other  times  directed  forward, 
resembling  their  bayonets  in  various  positions. 
The  plarit  was  desciibed  in  our  columns  by  Prof. 
Reichenbach  (\).  266,  vol.  xxv.),  and  a  coloured 
figure  has  been  given  in  the  Lindenia,  p.  91,  so  that 
any  further  technical  description  is  unnecessary. 
Connoisseurs  will  appreciate  the  plant  for  the  singu- 
larity of  its  habit  and  the  profusion  and  beauty  of  the 
flowers,  whose  "  scheme  of  colour,"  ivory-white  in 
the  sepals,  pale  green  in  the  petals,  with  the  rich 
violet  venation  of  the  lip  is  sure  to  attract  atten- 
tion. The  plant  is  a  native  of  the  Sonda  Isles, 
whence  it  was  sent  by  MM.  Auguste  Linden  and 
AUGUSTE  De  Ronne.  As  is  the  case  wiih  most 
Orchids,  the  flower  of  this  Dendrobium  is  speci- 
ally modiiied  for  cross-fertilisation  by  insect 
agency.  Ttie  sepals  and  petah  are  so  many  ban- 
ners hung  out  to  attract  attention  ;  the  lip  is  like 
the  alighting-board  of  a  beehive.  Once  alighted 
on  the  convenient  landing-stage  so  provided,  the 
insect  is  probably  beguiled  by  the  smell  of  honey 
in  the  spur,  and  is  directed  in  the  way  he  should  go 
to  get  it  by  the  purple  guiding  lines  of  the  lip,  and 
especially  by  the  tunnel-ltke  basal  part  of  the  lip  with 
the  groove  on  the  floor,  compelling  the  insect  to  keep 
the  track,  and  in  so  doing  necessitating  the  contact 
of  his  head  or  thorax  with  the  anther.  This  effected 
the  insect  rifles  the  honey,  probably  all  unconscious 
that  he  is  being  made  a  tool  of  by  the  flower. 

"  Malpighia." — The  publication  of  a  new 

botanical  journal  is  announced  under  the  above  title. 
The  new  botanical  review  will  he  edited  by  Professors 
BORZI,  Penzig,  and  Pirotta,  and  published  by 
Messrs.  Gaetano,  Capra  &  Co.,  of  Messins. 
Orignal  articles,  bibliographical  information,  critical 
notes,  botanical  notes  and  queries,  after  the  pattern 
of  Notes  and  Queries,  will  be  given.  The  annual 
subscription  for  twelve  monthly  numbers  is  25  francs 
(^i).     Separate  numbers  will  not  be  sold. 


Portuguese  Cisti.— In  speaking  lately  of 

the  monograph  of  these  beautiful  plants  lately  issued 
in  the  Boldim  de  Soe.  Broteriana,  we  attributed,  in 
the  absence  of  any  indication,  the  authorship  to  the 
Editor.  Professor  Henkiques,  however,  writes  that 
the  work  is  due  to  M.  J.  Daveau,  the  Curator  of  the 
Lisbon  Botanic  Gardens. 

Revival   of    the    Hollyhock.— In  the 

interests  of  horticulture  we  are  glad  to  know  that  Ml. 
Blundell,  The  Nurseries,  West  Dulwich,  has  pre- 
served some  of  the  best  varieties  of  Chater's  and 
Laing's  Hollyhock  flowers,  which  have  long  been 
absent  from  most  gardens,  owing  to  a  fungous  disease 
that  almost  swept  them  off  the  face  of  the  earth.  The 
blooms  sent  us  were  of  fine  form,  from  a  florist's 
point  of  view,  and  the  colours  very  pleasing;  the 
foliage,  too,  is  clean  and  healthy. 

The  Hofburg  Garten  in  Vienna. — The 

post  of  Hofburg  Garten  Inspector,  rendered  vacant 
by  the  death  of  Franz  Antoine,  has  been  conferred 
on  Herr  Franz  Maly,  the  Curator  of  the  Flora 
Austriaca,  otherwise  Arboretum  Hostii,  at  the 
Schloss  Belvedere.  This  collection  of  living  speci- 
mens of  all  the  plants  of  Austria  is  unique  in  the 
country. 

Purveyor  of  Bulbs  to  the  Royal 

Parks. — We  understand  that  Her  Majesty's  Commis- 
sioners of  Works  have  accepted  the  tender  of  Mr. 
B.  S.  Williams.  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries, 
Upper  Holloway,  for  supplying  Hyacinths,  Tulips, 
Crocus,  Daffodils,  &c.,  for  the  following  Royal  Parks, 
&c.  :— Hyde  Park,  Regent's  Park,  Victoria  Park, 
Bethnal  Green  Museum,  Battersea  Park,  Kennington 
Park,  and  Hampton  Court  Gardens, 

Dr.  Hance. — With  much  concern  we  learn 

from  the  Journal  of  Botany  of  the  death  at  Canton 
of  this  learned  and  acute  botanist.  No  one  was 
better  acquainted  than  he  with  the  flora  of  China,  ror 
published  more  to  the  purpose  concerning  it.  We 
had  occasion  from  time  to  lime  to  consult  him  upon 
Chinese  trees  and  other  plants  in  the  interests  of  tie 
readers  of  this  journal,  and  always  received  replies  as 
full  of  information  as  they  were  courteous  in  tone. 
Dr.  Hance  had  been  in  lU-healtb  for  some  monthF, 
so  that  his  death  wilt  not  come  as  a  surprise,  but  it  is 
not  easy  to  see  how  the  void  in  the  department  of 
botanical  work  which  he  made  his  own  is  to  be  filled 
up.  Dr.  Hance  was  for  many  years  Consul  or  Vice- 
Consul  at  Whampoa. 

Commemorative  Trees— a   Suggestion. 

— A  correspondent  of  the  Gardeners^  Magazine  makes 
the  following  excellent  suggestion,  which  we  hope 
will  be  followed  out,  and  moreover  we  trust  that  the 
Victoria  jubilee  will  be  celebrated  in  like  manner,  by 
the  formation  of  memorial  groups,  and  by  the  plant- 
ing of  barren  hillsides  and  |other  suitable  localities, 
where  shelter,  beauty,  and  profit  may  be  judiciously 
combined  with  historic  associations  :—*' Seventy- 
six  years  ago  was  celebrated  the  jubilee  of  King 
George  III.  On  that  occasion,  and  at  the  coro- 
nation of  Queen  Victoria,  in  1838,  the  jubilee  of 
which  is  approaching,  many  commemoiative  trees 
were  planted  in  public  and  private  grounds  in  all 
parts  of  the  kingdom.  It  has  struck  me  that  it  would 
be  interesting  to  collect  information  respecting  the 
present  condition  of  such  of  these  trees  as  are  now 
worth  notice.  Brief  records  of  their  present  state, 
accompanied  by  a  few  simple  measurements  on  some 
uniform  plan,  would  possess  practical  value  and 
interest  for  the  arboriculturists  of  the  present  and 
still  more  those  of  the  future." 

Insect  Killing  Bottles.— Mr.  Richard 

Bremridge,  Registrar  of  the  Ptiarmaceutical  Society 
of  Great  Biitain,  has  forwarded  to  us  the  following 
note  with  the  request  that  we  should  call  attention  to 
the  circumstances: — "The  public  danger  arising 
from  the  sale  of  insect-killing  bottles  containing 
cyanide  of  potassium  by  naturalists  and  other 
persons  not  registered  as  chemists  and  druggists,  and 
without  compliance  with  other  provisions  of  the 
Pharmacy  Act,  1868,  has  recently  been  brought  under 
the  notice  of  the  Council  of  this  Society,  and  I  have 
been  instructed  to  call  the  immediate  attention  of  such 
persons  to  the  fact  that  the  sale  of  these  insect  killing 
bottles  by  them  is  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  the 


The  Gardeners'  Chronlcle.1 


rAugUst  1,  1886. 


■^^ 


Fig.  34.— dendrobium  stratiotes  :   flowers  cream-coloured,  petals  greenish,  lip  with  violet  streaks,    (see  p.  176.) 


178 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICi.t.. 


[August  7,  1S86. 


above-mentioned  Act  of  Parliament,  and  that  the 
penalty  to  which  they  render  themselves  liable  is  £'^ 
for  every  sale." 

The   Oxford   Carnation   and   Ticotee 

Union.  —  The  second  gathering  of  the  Union  at 
Oxford  on  Tuesday  last  proved  quite  as  successful  as 
the  first ;  the  day  was  beautifully  fine,  the  flowers 
were  seen  to  the  best  advantage,  and  a  large  number 
of  visitors,  rich  and  poor  alike,  who  had  free  access 
to  the  gardens,  came  to  inspect  the  "  feast ;  "  among 
them  the  Mayor  and  Mayoress  of  Oxford,  both  being 
present  at  the  luncheon  afterwards  in  the  hall  of 
Cowley  St.  John's  High  School,  where  from  sixty  to 
seventy  persons  being  present.  The  Mayor  of  Oxford 
occu  pied  the  chair,  Mr.  Shirley  Hibderd  and  Mr. 
Rippon,  Editor  of  the  Oxford  Times,  being  in 
the  vice-chairs.  The  post-prandial  proceedings 
were  of  an  interesting  character.  The  Mayor 
made  an  excellent  chairman,  and  Mr.  Shirley  Hib- 
BERD  was  especially  felicitous,  particularly  so  in 
response  to  the  toast  of  the  horticultural  and 
local  Press,  in  which  he  traced  the  history  of  the 
horticultural  Press  to  the  present  day.  A  great 
Dumber  of  the  floral  fraternity  attended  from  various 
parts  of  the  country. 

"The  Skeleton   in  the  Cupboard." — 

Under  this  title  Dr.  Richardson,  in  the  remark- 
ably instructive  periodical  the  Asc!e/<iaii,  which  he 
writes  and  edits  single-handed,  calls  attention  to  our 
national  food  supply,  and  to  the  serious  consequences 
that  would  ensue  if  from  war  or  other  causes  that 
supply  were  cut  off.  As  a  physician  he  "  stands 
appalled  at  the  insanity  of  luxury  that  he  witnesses 
by  the  side  of  the  awful  destitution  to  which  the 
luxury  is  bound  hand  and  foot  in  common  peril.  We 
are  living  as  if  we  had  in  the  country  at  least  a  year's 
store  of  food  in  reserve,  while  in  fact  we  may  not 
have  a  week's."  Dr.  Richardson  then  proceeds  to 
enquire  how  far  by  cultivation,  economy,  husbandry, 
and  skill  we  can  prevent  the  necessity  of  importing 
food  for  the  healthy  maintenance  of  the  people  of 
these  island.  Admitting  that  this  is  nowadays  im- 
possible as  a  whole,  there  is  no  question  that  much 
might  be  done  to  increase  our  homegrown  food  supplies 
by  reclamation  of  waste  lands,  improved  land  laws, 
economy  in  production,  increased  use  o!  labour-saving 
machinery,  prevention  of  waste  especially  the  colossal 
waste  of  sewage,  and  the  hardly  less  wasteful  con- 
sumption of  alcoholic  drinks  in  excess,  and  the 
development  of  habits  of  thrift. 

Lawn     and     Garden     Apparatus. — 

Messrs.  Merryweather  &  Sons,  the  originators  of 
the  famed  "antimonial"  garden  hose,  which  has 
gained  a  character  for  strength  and  long  usage  during 
the  last  nine  years,  have  made  for  Baron  Roths- 
child a  new  lawn  and  garden  apparatus,  after  the 
Paris  system,  with  various  improvements. 

The  Gardens  of  Olympia.— An  important 

additional  feature  has  been  added  to  the  New  National 
Agricultural  Hall,  the  great  enterprise  at  Kensington, 
which  will  be  popularly  known  as  "  Olympia."  The 
Directors,  of  which  the  Earl  of  Lathom  is  Chairman, 
and  Sir  John  Humphreys  the  Deputy-Chairman, 
have  made  a  purchase  of  land  adjoining  their  present 
estate,  with  the  intention  of  transforming  it  into  a 
garden,  where  the  people,  after  the  close  of  the 
Colonial  Exhibition,  may  continue  to  enjoy  music 
and  accompanying  pleasures  in  the  open  air.  The 
company  now  possesses  12  acres  of  land  of  great  value, 
4  acres  of  which  is  being  covered  with  buildings, 
while  there  will  be  S  acres  of  open  ground  available 
for  recreation. 

Feltham  Horticultural  Society.— The 

seventh  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  took  place 
on  the  2Sth  ult. ,  and  may  be  regarded  as  in  every 
way  a  gratifying  success,  flowers,  fruit,  and  vege- 
tables being  shown  somewhat  extensively,  and  in 
capital  condition.  Conspicuous  features  in  the  exhi- 
bition were  magnificent  non-competitive  groups  of 
hardy  trees  and  shrubs,  choice  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants  and  cut  Roses,  from  the  branch  nurseries  of 
Messrs.  Charles  Lee  &  Son,  Isleworth  and  Feltham. 
Mr.  H.  Willmer,  Springfield  Nursery,  Sunbury, 
put  up  a  splendid  lot  of  Carnations  and  Picotees,  not 
for  competition,  wfiich  took  the  fancy  of  the  numerous 
visitors.  Mr.  Cole,  The  Vineyard,  Feltham,  staged 
a  neat  group  of  flowering  plants,  tastefully  inter- 
spersed with   Maidenhair  Ferns,  and  that  successful 


vegetable  exhibitor  this  season,  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite, 
Glenhurst  Gardens,  E^iher,  gained  the  "  Open  to  All 
England  "  prize  for  the  best  collection  of  vegetables, 
eight  distinct  kinds— a  very  creditable  lot.  A  very  fine 
collection  of  vegetables,  sent  by  Mr.  Pope,  gardener 
to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  High- 
clerc  Castle,  Newbury,  arrived  too  late  for  competi- 
tion, but  was  deservedly  awarded  an  extra  prize. 

The  Society  of  American  Florists. — 

The  second  annual  meeting  will  be  held  at  Phila- 
delphia from  AuguU  18  to  20  when  the  following 
interesting  papers  will  be  read  before  the  meeting  :  — 

"  What  the  craft  has  been  doing  the  past  forty  years." 
Peter  Henderson,  Jersey  City. 

"Treatment  of  Tea  Roses  during  the  summer,"  with 
list  of  best  bedding  varieties,  .^ntoine  Wintzer,  West 
Grove,  Pa. 

"H  P.  Roses  for  outdoor  summer  bloom,"  with  list 
of  best  varieties.    John  Henderson,  Flushing,  t^.l. 

"Pot-grown  Roses  for  market  purposes,  their  care 
and  treatment."     Robert  Craig,  PhiLidelphia. 

"  Fungoid  diseases  of  the  Rose."  H.  J.  Sackersdorff, 
Biyside,  N.Y, 

' '  Model  greeenhouses  and  how  to  build  them. "  John 
N.  May,  Summit,  N.J. 

Report  of  Hail  Committee  and  discussion  of  the  sub- 
ject. 

"  The  advantages  of  hot  water  over  steam  for  heating 
purposes."     J.  D.  Carmody,  Evansville,  Ind. 

"  The  advantages  ol  steam  over  hot  water  for  heating 
purposes."     J.  H.  Taylor,  Bayside,  N.Y. 

'■  How  to  build  a  flue."  Wm.  Hamilton.  Allegheny, 
Pa. 

"Pot-grown  decorative  foliage  plants  for  general  pur- 
poses."    James  Taplin,  Maywood,  N.J. 

"Carnations  and  their  treatment."  Joseph  Tailby, 
Wellesley,  Mass, 

"  The  making-up  of  floral  designs  in  the  most  effective 
manner,  and  suggestions  for  developing  the  best  taste." 
A.  Le  Moult,  New  York  city.  (Mr.  Le  Moult  will 
illustrate  his  paper  with  actual  work  on  the  stage,  with 
fresh  flowers  supplied  by  the  Philadelphia  florists.) 

Exhibits  of  greenhouse  appliances,  such  as  boilers, 
ventilating  apparatus,  hose,  pots,  building  materials, 
&c.,  are  solicited  ;  also  florists'  requisites,  and  articles 
employed  in  the  arrangement  of  cut  flowers  are 
desired.  It  is  not  the  intention  to  have  a  regular 
exhibit  of  plants,  but  the  executive  committee  request 
that  all  persons  having  novelties,  or  scarce  and  rare 
plants,  should  exhibit  them.  The  committee  on 
nomenclature  of  plants,  appointed  at  the  last  meeting 
of  the  society  will  pass  judgment  and  award  certifi- 
cates to  deserving  plants. 

An    Early   Flowering    Crocus.  —  The 

beautiful  Caucasian  species.  Crocus  Scharojani,  is  the 
first  of  all  to  flower  after  its  summer  rest.  On 
July  25  the  buds  were  appearing  above-ground  in 
the  Crocus  collection  at  Ivew,  and  a  week  later 
(August  I),  six  of  the  large  orange-yellow  flowers 
were  expanded,  and  formed  quite  an  interesting  little 
clump.  The  species  possesses  a  double  interest,  for 
besides  its  early  flowering,  it  is  the  only  yellow 
autumn-flowering  species,  the  other  yellow-flowered 
species  not  appearing  till  the  spring.  At  present  it  is 
rather  scarce,  but  in  course  of  time  it  will  probably 
become  more  common,  not  only  on  account  of  its 
singularity,  but  because  of  its  beauty, 

-  Aris/Ema  laminatum. — A  coloured  plate 
of  this  small  but  extremely  pretty  and  interesting 
species  is  given  in  Blume's  Rumphia,  tome  i. ,  t.  27, 
and  an  analysis  of  the  flowers  and  organs  of  fructifi- 
cation, uncoloured,  at  t.  37.  The  plant  is  dioecious, 
and  occurs,  but  not  very  plentifully,  in  primeval 
forests  in  the  western  regions  of  Java,  where  it  flowers 
in  June.  It  was  received  at  Kew  from  Glasnevin 
about  two  years  ago,  and  flowers  in  May  in  a  stove 
temperature.  In  the  coloured  plate  above  mentioned 
the  male  and  female  plants  are  figured  furnished  only 
with  a  single  leaf  each,  but  those  at  Kew  have  a  pair 
of  leaves,  and  each  generally  with  three  more  or  less 
perfect  leaflets.  The  male  plant  is  the  smaller,  and, 
excepting  the  organs  of  fructification,  both  are  other- 
wise exactly  similar.  The  most  interesting  feature 
lies  in  the  tri  or  quadri-coloured  spathe.  The  closed 
and  tubular  part  surrounding  the  inflorescence  is  of  a 
creamy-white  colour,  mottled  or  streaked  with  faint 
brown  and  purple  markings,  while  the  ovate  acumi- 
nate lamina  is  of  a  deep  shining  green,  and  distinctly 
separated  from  the  white  tube  by  a  transverse  deep 
purple   band.      The   disagreeable   odour  emanating 


from  some  members  of  this  genus  does  not  seem  to 
occur  here.  Both  in  the  genus  Aris?ema  and  in 
many  other  members  of  the  same  family  the  fcetid 
odour  as  of  putrifying  flesh  seems  to  be  connected 
with  those  species  having  a  lurid  red  or  brownish-red 
spathe.  A. speciosum, Amorphophalluscampanulatus, 
Typhonium  divaricatum,  and  the  Sauromatums  may 
be  mentioned  as  familiar  and  well  known  examples, 

New  Zealand. — Our  New  Zealand  exchanges 

are  full  of  the  details  of  the  great  volcanic  catastrophe 
which  has  destroyed  a  native  village,  and  covered  the 
land  with  mud  and  stones  to  a  depth  in  some  places 
of  30  feet.  The  outburst  occurred  on  June  10  on 
Mount  Tarawera,  close  to  Lake  Rotomahama.  Dr. 
Hector  proceeded  at  once  to  the  scene  of  disaster, 
and  from  him  we  may  look  for  a  valuable  account  of 
the  elTects  of  the  catastrophe.  About  100  natives 
and  fourteen  Europeans  have  perished,  and  the 
peculiar  terraces  described  as  the  "wonder  land  of 
the  Pacific,"  and  alluded  to  as  conveying  a  sense  of 
supernatural  loveliness  by  Froude  in  his  Oceana, 
have  been  destroyed. 

A  Monstrous  Begonia. — Nature  frequently 

reveals  the  secrets  of  her  handiwork  by  freaks  and 
irregularities,  which  we  generally  regard  as  sports  ot 
monstrosities.  A  double-flowered  variety  of  the 
tuberous-rooted  section  of  Begonia  grown  at  Gunners- 
bury  Park  under  the  name  Jules  Seaquin,  exhibits  a 
most  singular  doubling  of  the  female  flower.  Usually 
doubling  is  brought  about  by  the  stamens  of  the  male 
flower  becoming  petaloid  while  the  female  flower  ia 
the  same  plant  is  normal  ;  but  in  this  instance  the 
usually  inferior  trigonous  ovary  is  absent.  There  is, 
further,  a  perfect  separation  and  a  great  duplication 
of  the  carpellary  leaves,  which  in  normal  flowers  are 
only  three  in  number.  Many  of  these  are  tipped  by 
more  or  less  fragmentary  or  perfect  stigmas,  while 
their  edges  on  the  lower  half  are  covered  with  two 
broad  almost  confluent  bands  of  white  granular 
matter.  These  two  bands  correspond  to  the  placentas 
on  the  margins  of  open  carpels,  and  a  microscopic 
examination  of  the  white  granular  matter  shows  the 
latter  to  consist  of  a  dense  mass  of  apparently  per- 
fectly formed  reticulated  and  anatropous  ovules,  each 
with  a  very  short  funiculus,  and  attached  to  ridges  or 
shallow  plates  running  longitudinally,  and  covering 
the  broad  placentas.  The  latter  are  very  broad  in 
the  normally  formed  fruit.  All  these  characters  speak 
plainly  for  themselves,  and  evidently  demonstrate  the 
foliar  origin  of  the  carpels  composing  the  fruit  of 
flowering  plants.  They  are  petaloid,  and  highly 
coloured  in  this  instance,  but  there  are  cases  in  other 
plants  of  their  becoming  green  and  foliaceous. 

M.   Malou.— Our    excellent    colleagues  of 

the  B:;lgian  horticultural  Press  are  bemoaning  the 
loss  of  M.  Jules  Malou,  whose  name  is  not  wholly 
unfamiliar  in  this  country  as  a  politician.  Few, 
however,  were  aware  that  M.  Malou  sought  solace 
from  the  worries  and  labours  of  party  politics  in  the 
practice  of  horticulture.  M.  Malou  was,  it  seems, 
ardently  attached  to  gardening  pursuits,  and  con- 
ducted in  his  park  experiments  on  acclimatation,  and, 
to  use  the  words  of  Count  Kerchove,  was  as  earnest 
in  his  endeavours  to  inspire  admiration  for  a  new 
plant  as  to  convert  a  political  adversary.  The 
Minister  might  often  be  seen  in  the  lobbies  of  the 
Parliament  house  extracting  from  his  pocket  seeds, 
and  even  Potatos,  like  Magnum  Bonum  and  White 
Elephant,  and  descanting  upon  their  merits  and  their 
utility  in  increasing  the  food-resources  of  the  country, 
M.  Malou  became  President  of  the  Compagnie  Conti- 
nentale  d'llorticulture,  and  thus  in  various  ways  con- 
tributed to  the  development  of  horticultural  progress 
and  the  welfare  of  his  country.  When  inquiry  is 
made  in  the  future  as  to  the  person  commemorated 
in  Cattleya  Malouana  and  Labisia  Malouana,  the  reply 
will  be  that  the  names  commemorate  a  Belgian 
statesman  far-sighted  enough  to  see  that  the  national 
welfare  did  not  wholly  depend  on  the  debates  and  dis- 
putes of  party  politics,  but  on  the  more  practical 
development  of  good  cultivation  and  improved 
material. 

Erineum  on  the  Flowers  of  the  Vine. 

— M.  J.  E.  Planchon,  in  the  last  number  of  La 
Vipie  Americaiiie,  calls  attention  to  the  presence  of 
Erineum  on  Vine  flowers.  M.  Planchon  says  that 
Erineum  is  usually  found  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
leaves,  but  nevertheless  sometimes  it  is  met  with  on 
the  upper  surface,  where  in  spring  it  is  troublesome, 


August  7,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


179 


but  almost  barmless  in  summer,  because  of  the  rapid 

growth  of  the  leaf.  The  Erineum  would  be  most 
hurtful  on  the  flowers  of  the  Vine,  where  it  has  been 
observed  at  Joigny  (Vonne)  by  .M.  EuG.  Benoit,  and 
at  Bcaune  (Cote-d'Oi)  by  M.  J.  RlcAUD.  M.  Benoit 
intends  to  lay  his  note  of  observations  before  the 
Societe  de  Paris,  but  he  has  communicated  it  in  MS., 
with  specimens,  to  M.  Gustave  Planciion.  M. 
RiCAUD  has  kindly  sent  some  parts  (main  axis, 
secondary  branches,  and  the  pedicels)  bearing  the 
Erineum.  Although  the  presence  of  Erineum  on  the 
bunches  may  do  no  j;reat  damage,  it  may  still  have 
an  influence  on  the  crop. 

Macroscepis   obovata.— Like  many  other 

forest  and  tropical  Asclepiids  this  tall  twiner  is  able 
to  subsist  by  supporting  itself  on  neighbouring  vege- 
tation, and  so  obtaining  a  due  share  of  necessary 
light.  The  most  stril<ing  feature  of  the  stems  and 
leaves  is  the  bearded  or  villous  appearance  presented 
by  the  copious  long  brown  hiirs  with  which  they  are 
clothed,  recalling  that  of  Ficus  barbata,  with  simi- 
larly extensible  stems,  scandent  habit,  and  dense 
covering  of  lUsty  hairs.  The  flattened  or  expanded 
flowers  are  produced  in  axillary  cymes,  and  are  of  a 
peculiar  deep  shining  brown.  Their  glossy  appear- 
ance is  not  well  represented  in  the  Boliinical  Maga- 
zine, t.  6S15,  although  the  other  characters,  struc- 
tural and  otherwise,  are  clearly  enough  defined.  The 
leaves  are  obnvate,  as  the  name  implies,  but  owing 
to  a  slight  constriction  above  the  base  they  present  a 
panduriform  or  fiddle-shaped  appearance  to  some 
extent.  A  small  plant  flowered  recently  in  the  Palm- 
house  at  Kew,  where  it  is  planted  out  in  a  narrow 
border,  and  allowed  plenty  of  head  room  on  wires 
running  upwards  and  parallel  under  the  curvilinear 
glass  roof.  The  plant  enjoys  a  rather  extensive  dis- 
tribution in  the  tropical  parts  of  America  from 
Mexico  to  Peru,  having  been  picked  up  by  several 
collectors,  but,  like  many  others  of  its  allies  whose 
flowers  prove  of  but  little  attraction  to  the  general 
public,  it  is  probably  not  destined  to  enjoy  great 
popularity.  They  are,  however,  of  great  interest  and 
curiosity,  while  they  are  also  comparatively  large  for 
the  order. 

Oncidium    maculatum. — A  form   of   this 

extremely  variable  species  has  been  flowering  for 
some  consideiable  time  in  the  cool  Orchid-house  at 
Kew.  The  specimen  has  a  simply  racemose  in- 
florescence, but  the  typical  form  figured  in  the  .SV;/»w 
Oichidaaum,  t.  25,  exhibits  a  panicled  inflorescence 
or  compound  raceme.  The  variety  under  notice 
agrees  in  structure  with  that  figured  in  the  Bolanical 
Magazine,  t.  3836,  under  the  name  of  Cyrtochilum 
maculatum  var.  ecornutum,  the  varietal  name  being 
derived  from  the  absence  of  two  horn-like  processes 
of  the  crest,  that  are  characteristic  of  the  type.  The 
colour,  however,  in  the  figures  above  quoted  consists  of 
a  greenish-yellow  heavily  spotted  with  deep  brown, 
while  in  this  instance  the  sepals  and  petals  are  of  a 
uniform  deep  shining  chocolate-brown,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  transverse  yellow  bars  and  a  yellow 
tip.  The  labellum  is  white  with  a  large  pale  brown 
blotch  about  the  middle.  A  singular  monstrosity  is 
exhibited  by  one  flower  possessing  two  perfect 
labella,  four  sepals,  and  the  two  poUinia  rather  dis- 
tantly separated,  each  possessing  a  pedicel  and  gland 
instead  of  both  being  fixed  to  one  pedicel  and  gland. 
Several  varieties  of  the  species  have  been  recorded 
under  the  old  generic  name  Cyrtochilum,  the  species 
of  which  have  with  few  exceptions  been  included 
under  two  of  the  groups  of  Oncidium  by  the  Genera 
Plantarum.  The  form  under  notice  is  less  attractive 
than  the  type  and  those  possessing  more  distinctly 
maculated  flowers,  and  its  value  is  also  greatly  in- 
creased when  the  inflorescence  is  panicled  — a  condi- 
tion most  prevalent  amongst  the  species  of  Cyrtochilum. 

BUDDLEA  CURVIFLORA. — Excepting  B.  glo- 

bosa  none  of  the  species  have  become  widely  dis- 
seminated in  British  gardens — a  fact  easily  accounted 
for  by  their  not  being  sufliciently  hardy  to  withstand 
our  climate  unprotected.  The  species  under  notice 
is  said  to  be  hardy,  and  should  it  ultimately  prove  so 
after  being  thoroughly  tested  in  different  parts  of  the 
country,  it  would  be  a  decided  acquisition  for  our 
shrubberies.  The  individual  flowers  are  small  and 
rosy-lilac,  but  produced  in  dense  terminal  spikes, 
4 — 6  or  more  inches  in  length,  which  arch  or  curve 
in  a  graceful  manner,  suggestive  of  the  specific  name. 
There  is  a  figure  of  the  plant  in  the  Ilhislralion  Hor- 


ticole,  xvii.,  pi.  25,  which  represents  the  species  with 
tolerable  exactitude  in  all  save  the  graceful  curve  of 
the  branch  bearing  the  inflorescence.  This  is  straight 
in  the  plate,  giving  the  inflorescence  a  rigid  and 
unnatural  appearance.  A  small  circular  bed  on  the 
grass  in  the  botanic  grounds,  Kew,  has  been  gay  for 
some  time,  and  seems  likely  to  last  for  a  long  time 
yet.  It  is  totally  different  from  all  other  kinds  of 
shrubby  vegetation  flowering  at  present,  later  and 
altogether  distinct  in  appearance  from  the  well 
known  globose  heads  and  orange  flowers  of  Buddlea 
globosa.  The  leaves,  the  small  tubular  flowers 
and  their  densely  cymose  or  pseudo-veiticillate 
arrangement  forcibly  reminds  one  of  a  Labiate, 
although  the  structure,  especially  of  the  fruit,  is  very 
different. 

Griffinia    Blumenavia.  —  In  this  genus 

we  have  a  departure  from  the  generally  preva- 
lent type  of  foliage  in  the  order,  and  which 
(departure)  is  also  well  represented  in  Eucharis. 
The  leaves  are  broad  and  contracted  into  a  dis- 
tinct, sometimes  elongated,  petiole,  and  the  longi- 
tudinal nerves  are  connected  by  smaller,  more  or 
less  distinct  transverse  ones.  G.  Blumenavia,  how- 
ever, departs  in  several  particulars  from  the  originally 
described  type  to  which  its  congeners  conlorm.  In 
the  first  place  the  leaves  are  narrow,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, and  very  shortly  petiolate ;  and  secondly,  the 
stamens  are  all  equally  declinate,  although  of  unequal 
lengths,  while  in  the  type  one  stamen  rises  up  away 
from  the  rest.  Curiously  enough,  the  lower  segment 
of  the  perianth  is  pure  white,  while  the  other  five  are 
more  or  less  suffused  and  transversely  banded  with  a 
delicate  rose  colour.  The  transverse  lines  correspond 
to  the  venation,  which  in  this  respect  recalls  the 
venation  of  the  foliage.  Furthermore,  it  is  a  highly 
attractive  species,  resembling  an  Amaryllis,  of  low 
stature  and  accommodating  dimensions.  The  flower- 
scape  does  not  exceed  6  or  S  inches  in  height,  bearing 
four  to  eight  flowers  in  an  umbel.  It  flowered 
recently  in  the  Begonia  stove  at  Kew,  where  it  proved 
a  highly  attractive  and  delicately  coloured  species. 
Its  popularity  is  also  attested  by  it  having  been 
figured  in  several  gardening  and  botanical  woiks, 
amongst  which  is  the  figure  in  the  Bolanical  Mag- 
azine, t.  5666,  and  that  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
1S71,  p.  711.  The  seven  or  eight  known  species 
are  all  Brazilian. 

Calanthe    VERSICOLOR.  —  Last    year    a 

species  of  Calanthe  from  King  William's  Town 
flowered  at  Kew  and  was  described  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  xxiv.,  p.  78,  under  the  name  of  C.  natalen- 
sis,  and  was  said  to  be  flowering,  probably  for  the 
first  time  in  Europe.  There  is  little  doubt  it  is  iden- 
tical with  the  description  of  C.  natalensis  as  described 
by  Reichenbach  in  Bonplandia,  1856,  p.  322.  It 
is  also  identical  with  a  more  minute  description  of  C. 
versicolor,  given  by  Lindley  in  the  Sertum  Orchid- 
aceum,  where  it  is  also  figured,  t.  42.  Gardening 
books  record  it  as  having  been  introduced  in  1836 
from  the  Mauritius,  while  Lindley  states  it  to  be 
a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  sent  from  the  Cal- 
cutta Botanic  Gardens  to  the  Horticultural  Society. 
It  flowered  at  Syon  House  in  September,  1S40. 
LiNDLEv's  name  ought  therefore  to  have  the  right  of 
priority.  A  figure  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t. 
6S44,  under  the  name  of  C.  natalensis,  is  almost 
identical  in  every  point  with  Lindley's  figure  above 
quoted.  The  most  noticeable  difference  in  the  colour 
is  that  of  the  labellum  when  it  fades,  but  that  might 
be  owing  to  the  age  of  the  flower  when  painted,  or  to 
the  difficulty  the  artist  might  have  had  in  reproducing 
the  colour  exactly.  The  difference,  however,  is  so 
very  slight  that  there  is  not  the  least  importance 
attached.  The  description  in  two  of  the  cases  above 
cited  says  the  peduncle  is  pubescent  all  over  on  the 
upper  part,  but  a  close  inspection  of  the  living  plant 
shows  it  to  be  pubescent  to  the  base,  or  nearly  so, 
with  the  hairs  only  shorter  and  less  conspicuous,  but 
quite  evident.  Lindley's  figure  and  description 
was  published  in  1841,  and  consequently  had  the 
priority  by  fifteen  years  over  the  description  in 
Bonplandia. 

Publications    Received. — Department  of 

Agriculture  (Canada)  :  Report  of  the  Entomologist. 
By  J.  Fletcher,  F.R.S.C,  1885.— 77«  Asclepiad. 
By  B.  W.  Richardson,  M.D  ,  F.R.S.  (London: 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co.) — Chatnbre  Syndicate  dcs 
Horticulleurs  Beiges,   Gand :    Rap  port  Annuel,  1S85 


(Gand  :     C.     Annoot-Braeckman,     ad.    Hoste 
Successeuk). 

Gardening    Appointment.  —  Mr.    Wm. 

Leighton  has   been   appointed  Head   Gardener  to 
Mrs.  Bromley,  Mansion  Ilouse,  Stone,  Staffordshire. 


Rus  in  Urbe  :  or.  Flowers  that  Thrive  in 
London  Gardens  and  Smoky  Towns.  By 
Mrs.  Haweis.  Illustrated.  London  :  Field  & 
Tuer,  The  Leadenhall  Press,  E.G. 

This  quaintly-bound  little  volume  contains  many 
useful  hints  for  those  who  are  compelled  to  live  in 
densely  populated  localities,  and  yet  love  a  garden, 
or  something  that  reminds  them  of  one.  Mrs. 
Haweis  shows  that  some  plants  will  grow  everywhere, 
and  many  will  thrive  and  flourish  well,  if  due  atten- 
tion and  care  are  bestowed  on  them,  according  to 
their  requirements.  Mrs.  Haweis  not  only  discourses 
upon  plants  and  how  to  grow  them,  but  gives  some 
hints  also  as  to  their  arrangement  for  decorative  pur- 
poses. We  quite  agree  with  her  in  her  remarks  about 
the  white  Lily,  which  in  a  giant  form  has  lately 
become  fashionable.  "A  flower  too  strong  in  scent," 
says  Mrs.  Haweis,  "  ought  not  to  be  used  in  quanti- 
ties ;  better  choose  another  class  of  white  blossom — 
there  are  any  amount.  Heaven  knows  !  —  rather  than 
nip  off  the  golden  pistils  (sic)  (stamens)  which  make 
hall  the  beauty  of  the  flower.  To  one  who  loves 
flowers  the  impression  is  as  disagreeable  as  the  sight 
of  a  woman  with  her  nose  removed  ;  and  at  a  dinner- 
table  the  imprisonment  is  long  with  the  horiid  object. 
This  is  an  instance  of  complete  want  of  '  taste,'  dis- 
crimination, and  feeling  for  beauty."  Mrs.  Haweis 
also  discourses  on  the  arrangement  and  use  of  flowers 
in  rooms,  and  for  personal  adornment,  and  she  sug- 
gests a  spray  of  Laurustinus  as  a  useful  and  pretty 
flower  for  the  hair.  We  quite  agree  with  Mrs, 
Haweis.  One  of  the  prettiest  wreaths  of  the  kind  we 
ever  saw  was  composed  of  Laurustinus. 

Mrs.  Haweis  names  many  homely  and  easily 
obtained  plants  and  leaves  useful  for  decorative  pur- 
poses, amongst  them  Oats  and  sprouting  Wheat.  We 
may  add  to  these  Carrot  leaves  and  Asparagus,  the 
crimson  berries  of  which  are  very  ornamental. 

We  cannot  praise  the  illustrations  in  this  little 
volume ;  they  are  hard  and  crude,  and  not  distin- 
guished by  the  grace  or  elegance  possessed  by  the 
plants  they  represent.  The  list  of  plants  also  should 
be  corrected  in  the  next  edition.  It  is  too  full  of 
printer's  errors. 

Those,  however,  who  wish  to  add  interest  to  a  city 
life  may  with  advantage  consult  this  little  book,  and 
will  find  the  light  and  pleasant  style  in  'which  it  is 
written  help  to  wile  away  an  hour,  and  perchance 
they  may  be  reminded  of  homely  plants  and  flowers 
they  knew  long  ago  which  might  thrive  in  their  city 
home  with  care  and  attention,  and  surely  only  the 
attempt  to  grow  a  few  flowers  (or  even  leaves)  is  full 
of  interest  and  pleasure  for  him  who  attempts  it ! 


COLUMBIAN   PLANTS. 

While  travelling  in  the  United  State  of  Columbia 
I  found,  amongst  thousands  of  fine  and  desirable 
plants,  two  which  I  tried  unsuccessfully  to  introduce 
to  our  gardens.  On  my  return  I  gave  the  necessary 
indications  to  my  friends,  Mr.  Linden  and  Messrs. 
Veitch  ;  but  as  they  did  not  succeed,  and  have  not  for 
the  moment  the  intention  to  send  there  any  collectors, 
and  on  the  other  hand,  as  I  have  heard  that  in  one 
of  the  localities  at  least  extensive  clearings  are  taking 
place,  I  am  afraid  the  plants  may  be  lost  by  further 
delay,  I  will  try  to  put  collectors  on  the  scent, 
and  amongst  them  the  two  who  advertised  lately  in 
your  columns. 

I.  In  crossing  the  Quindio  range  from  Ibague  to 
Cartago,  a  little  above  El  Toche,  amongst  the  first  or 
lower  clumps  of  Ceroxylon  andicola,  which  are  here 
interspersed  with  a  fine  Chamredorea,  I  found  an 
epiphyte  the  most  beautiful  by  far  of  all  the 
Bromelias  I  ever  saw  ;  and  what  adds  to  its  value  as 
a  garden  plant  is  its  habitat  in  such  a  cold  climate  ; 
a  Masdevallia-house  will  probably  be  sufficient  for  it. 
It  lasts  in  full  beauty  certainly  for  more  than  a  month. 

Description,  —  Plant   the  size    and  shape   of  Bil- 


i8o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  7,  18 


bergia  thyrsoidea.  Spike  branching  in  a  fine 
pyramid,  but  gracefully  inclined  from  half  its  height, 
which  would  be  3  feet  long  if  erect  ;  at  the  base  of 
each  branch  is  a  large  open  bract,  diminishing  at  each 
stage  ;  flowers  like  those  of  ^-lichmea  fulpens  in  size  and 
shape,  or  a  little  larger,  white.  F>uit  a  triangular  cap- 
sule, seeds,  silky,  as  in  Vrjesea  or  Guzmannia  ;  the 
whole  inflorescence,  stem,  bracts,  branches,  and 
calyx,  translucent  as  wax  and  of  the  brightest  golden 
colour,  or  rather  orange.     Is  not  that  glorious? 

Below  that  spot  1  noticed  a  fine  variety  of  Brug- 
mansia  suaveolens,  of  a  true  nankin  colour,  growing 
amongst  a  whole  copse  of  the  type,  but  scarce.  In  the 
neighbourhood  plenty  o( Orchids,  Odonloglossum,  Stan- 
hopea,  Iloullettia,  Trichopilia  ;  they  were  not  in  blos- 
som on  my  passage  (end  of  May),  and  besides  as  they 
grow  in  the  crown  of  the  trees  it  is  difficult  to  see 
them,  even  with  a  spy-glass,  at  60  feet  and  more  above- 
ground.  The  only  chance  is  to  arrive  at  the  spot  while 
a  clearing  is  going  on  ;  then  shiploads  might  be 
gathered  on  a  few  square  rods. 

The  Bromelia  grows  at  a  higher  altitude  than  Brug- 
mansia  and  Lycium  fuchsiodes,  of  which  latter  fine 
plant  I  have  given  a  live  specimen  to  Kew. 

2.  On  the  northern  entrance  to  Pasto  in  a  hollow 
road,  just  in  the  suburb,  I  saw  a  fine  Passion-flower, 
bright  scarlet  with  a  black  crown.  Its  beauty  con- 
sists in  its  free  flowering,  the  shortness  of  branches 
(3  or  4  yards  at  the  utmost),  its  cold  habitat  amongst 
the  Brugmansia  sanguinea ;  (local  name  oando),  a  native 
of  the  place  ;  its  fruits  are  like  Gooseberries.  The  nearest 
approach  to  the  Bromelia  I  recommend  is  a  very  incon- 
spicuous, not  to  say  ugly  plant  of  the  same  genus  I  saw 
exposed  this  spring  in  Brussels,  under  the  name  of 
Calopsis  paniculata.  "yean  van  Volxem,  Brussels.  [The 
plant  correctly  so  named,  is  a  Restiad,  of  rather 
elegant  appearance.  Ed.] 


y^OREgTFJY. 


PROPAGATION. 

Cuttings  of  the  Laurel,  Bay,  Box,  Privet,  Holly, 
Yew,  and  Laurustinus  may  now  be  put  in,  as  it  is 
found  that  root  formation  is  more  rapid  during  the 
present  month,  when  the  earth  and  air  are  more  of 
an  equal  temperature  than  at  any  other  time  of  the 
year.  The  cuttings  should  be  made  of  the  present 
year's  shoots,  with  about  an  inch — a  "heel  " — of  old 
or  last  year's  wood,  and  about  9  inches  in  length. 
Insert  them  in  the  ground  from  5  to  6  inches,  and 
pack  them  so  thickly  in  the  lines  that  they  will  be 
touching  each  other.  Well  worked  soil  of  a  free, 
sandy  nature  should  be  chosen  in  which  to  plant 
cuttings,  and  where  the  latter  quality  is  deficient  the 
addition  of  a  little  sharp  river  sand  will  be  found  of 
great  advantage  in  hastening  the  formation  of 
rootlets. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  month  cuttings  of  the  rare 
and  more  desirable  Coniferce  should  be  inserted  as 

follows  :— Cutting-boxes  made  of  ordinarydeal  wood 

the  most  convenient  size  we  find  to  be  2  feet  long,  by 
18  inches  wide,  by  15  inches  deep,  and  made  of  inch 
thick  wood— should  be  filled  to  within  an  inch  of  the 
top  with  fibrous  loam  and  leaf-mould  in  about  equal 
proportions  and  one-fourth  of  fine  sharp  sand  ;  the 
whole  mixed  well  together  and  pressed  firmly  down. 
Insert  the  cuttings  3  inches  in  the  soil,  and  at  a  dis- 
tance of  3  inches  apart,  and  sprinkle  over  the  surface 
a  slight  coating  of  finely  powdered  sand.  Place  the 
boxes  in  an  unheated  frame,  and  shade  from  direct 
sunshine  for  a  month,  attending  with  a  moderate 
supply  of  fresh  soft  water,  when  the  condition  of  the 
soil  suggests  that  such  is  necessary. 

In  this  way  many  of  our  rarest  and  most  valuable 
Conifers  have  here  been  raised,  including  such  choice 
subjects  as  Filzroya  palagonica,  Thuiopsis  dolabrata, 
Juniperus  recurva,  Cephalotaxus  pedunculata,  Retino- 
sporas  of  all  kinds  ;  Libocedrus  tetragona,  Podocarpus 
koraiensis,  Cupressus,  of  sorts,  and  many  others.  Some 
persons  are  not  in  favour  of  raising  Conifers  from 
cuttings,  but  we  have  found  it  to  answer  well  here, 
and  have  found  the  produce  to  be  even  superior  to 
grafts  and  certainly  stronger  and  sooner  fit  for  a  per- 
manent position  in  the  woods  and  grounds  than  such 
plants  as  have  been  raised  from  seed. 

Layering  from  old  stools,  whether  in  the  woodland 
or  nursery,  should,  likewise,  receive  immediate  atten- 
tion as  this  is  both  a  quick  and  inexpensive  method  of 
extending  game  coverts,  or  obtaining  an  immediate 


supply  of  young  stock  in  the  nursery.  Fork  the  ground 
around  the  stools  well  overt  bend  down  the  strongest 
shoots  in  a  circle  around  the  parent  stem,  and  fasten 
each  one  to  the  soil  with  a  stout  hooked  peg.  To 
hasten  the  formation  of  roots  place  a  spadeful  of  soil 
on  that  portion  of  the  bent  branch  where  it  comes  in 
contact  with  the  ground,  The  extension  of  game 
coverts  is  gone  about  in  a  similar  manner,  only  it 
may  not  be  found  at  all  times  necessary  to  loosen  the 
soil  around  the  parent  plants  nor  to  have  the  layers 
pegged  down  in  a  circle  around  the  stem.  Remove 
superfluous  shoots  from  the  stem  after  a  sufficient 
number  has  been  layered,  leaving  just  enough  for  a 
similar  course  of  treatment  next  year,  thus  imparting 
extra  vigour  to  the  remaining  ones.  A.  D.  Webster^ 
Penryhit  Castle,  Bangor. 


|l« 


jisuj. 


TAKING  OUT  FRAMES,  &c. 
I  PROMISED  in  my  last  to  say  a  little  on  this  sub- 
ject. It  will  soon  be  a  proper  time  to  take  the  honey  ; 
it  is  useless  to  delay  doing  this  till  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember. It  is  well  at  once  to  decide  how  many 
stocks  you  are  going  to  keep  all  the  winter,  for  though 
you  need  not  kill  any  of  the  bees,  yet  it  is  not  neces- 
sary to  winter  them  all  in  separate  hives,  especially  if 


Fig.  35. —MESSRS.  edey's  extractor. 

they  are  weak.  Suppose  you  have  twelve  hives,  and 
only  want  six,  bring  them  closer  together,  a  little 
every  day  in  pairs,  you  can  then  take  all  the  honey 
out  of  six  hives,  and  give  the  bees  to  their  nearest 
neighbours.  Before  doing  this,  smoke  both  hives 
well,  and  if  they  fight,  smoke  them  again  and  again. 
The  queens  will  be  sure  to  fight  ;  never  mind  that, 
it  will  ensure  "  the  survival  of  the  fittest."  Take  out 
the  frames  carefully  and  without  jarring  ;  shake  the 
bees  off,  and  sweep  ofi'  the  remainder  with  a  goose- 
quill,  or,  better  still,  a  Yucca  brush.  The  latter  is 
eminently  suitable,  as  (being  so  soft)  it  does  not  irri- 
tate the  bees  ;  it  is  the  product  of  a  plant  which 
grows  in  Southern  California.  In  all  these  opera- 
tions, I  would  advise  the  use  of  a  veil  and  gloves, 
especially  the  veil.  The  temper  of  bees  can  never 
be  known  in  advance,  and  after  reading  about  the 
death  of  the  ex-mayor  of  Ludlow  by  his  own  bees, 
we  are  more  than  ever  convinced,  that  "  discretion  is 
the  better  part  of  valour." 

A  very  useful  possession  is  the  extractor,  and  I 
would  call  attention  to  one  invented  and  manufac- 
tured by  Messrs.  Edey  &  Son,  of  St.  Neot's,  and 
which  is  here  illustrated  (fig.  35).  The  inventors 
acted  on  the  principle  of  making  a  machine  of  as  few 
parts  as  possible,  for  the  fewer  parts  there  are  to  a 
machine  the  less  liable  it  is  to  get  out  of  order,  and 
the  easier  it  is  to  mend  when  it  is  out  of  order.  This 
machine  is  entirely  different  in  design  to  any  other 
machine  in  the  market.  The  ordinary  cylindrical 
extractor  is  a  rather  cumbersome  and  expensive  thing, 
but  here  is  one  which  answers  every  purpose,  and  is 
just  about  one-half  the  price  of  the  ordinary  extractor. 
The  illustration  shows  how  it  is  worked.     It  revolves 


two  combs  at  once,  which  is  quite  sufficient  work  for 
most  people.  The  honey  is  emptied  by  a  valve  at 
the  fool,  which,  however,  is  not  shown  in  the  illus- 
tration. I  have  gone  rather  fully  into  this,  because 
there  are  many  people  who  avoid  the  modern  system 
of  keeping  bees,  not  so  much  because  they  do  not 
believe  in  it,  but  because  there  seem  to  be  so  many 
expensive  articles  required.    Walter  Chitty,  Pewsey. 


SANDAL    WOOD.* 

The  true  Sandal-wood  tree  is  a  native  of  the 
mountainous  parts  of  India,  but  is  found  more  espe- 
cially in  the  Mysore  and  Coimbalore,  extending 
northwards  into  Canara.  It  likewise  grows  on  the 
Coromandel  coast,  in  Madura,  Assam,  and  Cochin 
China  (?).  As  a  garden  plant  it  appears  as  far  north 
as  SaharuDpore.  The  same  tree  (or  a  variety)  is  met 
with  in  several  islands  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago, 
namely.  Eastern  Java,  Sumba,  Timor,  and  probably 
others.  In  India  the  natural  habitat  of  the  tree  is 
said  to  have  been  reduced  by  cultivation, f  and  it  ia 
now  raised,  principally  from  seed,  in  Government 
plantations  in  the  Madras  Presidency  and  the  Mysore. 

Sandal  wood  is  yielded  by  other  plants  of  the 
SantaIace^^.  la  the  Fiji  Islands  it  is  obtained  from 
S.  Yasi,  Seemann.  S.  Spyrulariura,  A.  Gray;  and  S. 
Freycinetianum,  Gaudichaud,  furnish  a  supply  in  the 
Sandwich  islands  ;  in  New  Caledonia  S.  Austro-Cale- 
donicum,  Vieillard  ;  in  Western  Australia  Fusanus 
spicatus.  Brown  (S.  spicatum,  DC,  and  S.  cygnorum, 
Miquel) ;  in  Tahiti  S,  insulare,  Bertero.  An  inferior 
kind  has  been  met  with  in  the  Percy  Isles,  Repulse 
Bay,  Cape  Upstart,  and  the  Palm  Islands  ;  it  is  the 
wood  of  Exocarpus  latifolia,  R.  Brown,  j  The  wood  of 
Plumieria  alba,  belonging  to  the  Apocynaccje,  is 
sometimes  substituted  for  Sandal  wood.  Balfour 
also  states  that  a  white  Sandal  wood,  called  Lava, 
or  Lawa,  is  imported  from  Zanzibar  into  Bombay.  § 

When  the  Sandalwood  trees  have  reached  per- 
fection, which  they  do  in  from  twenty  to  thirty  years, 
having  then  a  diameter  of  from  9  to  12  inches  just 
above  the  root,  at  the  end  of  the  year  they  are  either 
cut  down  or  dug  up  ;  if  the  former,  the  roots  are 
generally  dug  up  afterwards.  Worthless  branches  are 
removed,  as  is  also  the  bark  if  the  work  is  done  pro- 
perly, and  the  trunk  is  buried  for  six  or  eight  weeks, 
sometimes  left  lying  on  the  ground,  in  order  that  the 
white  ants  may  eat  off  the  inodorous  sap-wood.  It  is 
then  taken  up  and  sent  to  the  depots,  where  it  is 
sorted  into  three  kinds.  Concerning  the  sorting, 
Buchananll  says: —  "The  deeper  the  colour  the 
higher  the  perfume,  hence  the  merchants  sometimes 
divide  San  dal  wood  into  red,  yellow,  and  white  ;  but 
these  are  only  different  shades  of  the  same  colour, 
and  do  not  arise  from  any  difference  of  species."  He 
distinctly  implies  that  the  three  kinds  are  derived 
from  the  heart-wood.  To  the  same  effect  is  the 
following  statement  by  Udoy  Chand  DuttH,  when 
writing  of  white  and  yellow  Sandal  wood  : — '*  These 
varieties  are  founded  on  the  difference  in  depth  of 
colour  of  the  heart-wood."  From  this  it  appears  that 
the  statement  which  has  been  made  by  some  writers, 
that  white  Sandal  wood  is  the  sapwood  of  S.  album, 
is,  to  say  the  least,  somewhat  misleading.  The  sap- 
wood  is,  nevertheless,  found  in  commerce,  for  Bal- 
four** describes  it  as  "coaled  with  thick  compact 
bark,  has  a  grey  and  brownish  epidermis,  it  is  nearly 
inodorous,  and  has  a  slightly  bitter  taste."  As  the 
white  is  doubtless  a  lighter  shade  of  the  yellow,  so  is 
the  red  (apart  from  that  obtained  from  Pterocarpus 
santalinus,  which  is  truly  red)  a  deeper  shade.  The 
red  kind  was  not  recognised  in  Sanskrit  medical 
works,  the  only  kinds  mentioned  being  Srikhanda,  or 
white  Sandal  wood,  and  Pitachandana,  or  yellow 
Sandal  wood.  When  the  wood  has  reached  the 
depots  it  is  cut  into  billets  from  2  to  4  feet  long.  In 
cutting  down  the  trees  the  earth  is  removed  from 
about  the  root,  so  that  the  collectors  may  cut  as  low 
as  possible.  The  billet  taken  from  the  trunk  imme- 
diately above  the  root  is  called  the  root-billet,  and  is 
of  superior  quality. 

The  tree  grows  freely  in  hedges  and  gardens,  and 


*  Paper  read  before  the  Sheffield  Pharmaceutical  and  Chem- 
cal  Society,  February  10. 

+  Drury,  Use/ui  PU»is  of  India  (1873),  383. 

t  Balfour,  Cyclopitdia  of  InditXy  2d,  ed.,  v.  {1873). 

§  Ot  cit. 

II  Buchanan,  ./I  Jountey  front  Madras  tkroitghHie  Countries 
f  the  Mysore,  Cattara,  and  Malabar,,  vol.  ii.  (1807),  133. 

if  U.  C.  Dutt,  Tlie  Materia,  Medica  0/  tlit  Hindus  (1877), 


August  7,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


i8i 


in  a  rich  soil  attains  its  fall  size  ;  but  in  such  localities 
the  timber  is  of  little  value,  and  has  scarcely  any 
smell.  Soil  and  elevation  have  great  influence  on  the 
amount  of  oil  produced.  It  thrives  up  to  an  elevation 
of  4000  feet,  and  yields  the  largest  quantity  of  oil 
when  grown  in  dry,  sunny,  rocky,  mountainous  dis- 
tricts, although  it  does  not  reach  its  full  height.  It  is 
rarely  found  in  forests.  As  has  been  previously 
stated,  it  is  now  grown  in  Government  plantations 
from  seed  ;  but  it  also  springs  from  roots  which  have 
been  left  in  the  ground. 

Sandal  fr^jt^y.— Sanskrit,  Chandana,  Srikhanda  , 
Vernacular  :  Bengali,  Chandan  ;  Hindi,  Safed  chan- 
dan.  The  wood  and  essential  oil  have  been  esteemed 
for  the  last  2000  years  by  the  Hindus.  The  straight 
pieces  of  heart-wood  are  much  valued  for  carving 
boxes,  desks,  and  other  useful  and  ornamental 
articles.  Rich  natives  use  the  wood  for  burning  their 
dead  relatives,  and  all  classes  add  at  least  one  piece 
to  the  funeral  pile.  In  powder  the  Brahmins  mix  it 
with  the  pigments  they  use  for  making  their  caste 
marks.  As  a  medicine  it  is  considered  by  them  as 
bitter,  cooling,  and  astringent.  Reduced  to  powder 
it  is  taken  in  Cocoa-nut  water,  and  an  emulsion  is 
used  to  anoint  the  body  with  after  bathing.  It  is 
also  burned  to  perfume  temples  and  dwellings. 

Sandal  wood  is  imported  into  this  country  in  logs 
from  3  to  4  feet  long,  and  from  3  to  S  (rarely  14) 
inches  in  diameter.  That  the  alburnum  is  imported  is 
very  doubtful,  as  I  have  not  found  any  mention  of  its 
presence  here.  The  duramen  is  very  heavy,  some- 
what hard  to  cut  transversely,  but  easily  cleft.  In 
colour  it  is  yellow,  fawn-coloured,  or  reddish-brown. 
It  has  a  very  strong,  persistent,  agreeable  odour. 
The  taste  is  aromatic.  "Three  sorts  are -recognised 
in  the  commercial  houses  of  China,  namely,  South 
Sea  Island,  Timor,  and  Malabar  ;  the  last  fetches 
from  three  to  four  times  as  high  a  price  as  either  of 
the  others.''*  William  Kirkhy,  FM,M.S.,  in  the 
**  Pharmacetiiical  'Journaiy 


of  the  species  in  the  Refu^ium  Boianicum^  tab.  168 
The  plant  does  not  recommend  itself  for  decorative 
purposes,  but  for  those  who  make  bulbs  a  specialty  it 
is  an  obiect  of  much  curiosity  and  interest.  J.  F. 


|h({  |eiibaiic 


ous   lioi;dfit. 


ADONIS  PYRENAICA. 
Looking  over  the  herbaceous  border  at  Kew  a 
few  days  since  I  observed  a  tuft  of  Adonis  vernalis 
labelled  "Adonis  pyrenaica."  This  led  me  to  make 
inquiries  amongst  amateurs  who  keep  herbaceous 
collections,  and  I  find  that  hardly  one  has  Adonis 
pyrenaica,  though  several  have  Adonis  vernalis  under 
this  name.  One  amateur  who  knows  the  plant  told 
me  that  the  Continental  dealers  who  have  A.  py- 
renaica in  their  catalogues  nearly  always  send  A. 
vernalis  for  it,  and  that  he  is  certain  that  some  take 
the  precaution  of  scalding  the  root  to  death  before 
sending  it  out  !  I  know  that  Messrs.  Ware  had  some 
of  the  true  plant  a  few  years  ago,  as  I  had  one  from 
Ihem,  but  it  died  in  a  year  or  two,  and  I  have  always 
found  it  a  difHcult  plant  to  keep.  I  have  several 
times  received  it  from  the  Pyrenees,  where  it  is  rare, 
being  found  only  in  one  or  two  spots  growing  on 
sandy  soil.  It  is  entirely  distinct  in  appearance  from 
A.  vernalis,  having  long-stalked  stout  broad  leaves 
like  those  of  a  Carrot.  The  divisions  of  the  leaves 
are  much  thicker  than  those  of  Adonis  vernalis,  which 
has  stalks  tufty  to  the  bottom,  and  narrowing  at  the 
top  like  a  fox's  tail.  C.  Wolley  Dod,  Edge  Hall, 
Malpas^  August  2. 

Callipsvche  mirabilis. 
This  is  probably  the  least  ornamental,  and,  from  a 
garden  standpoint,  the  least  important  of  the  three 
known  species  ;  but  any  one  who  has  seen  it  must 
admit  that  it  is  a  singular-looking  plant.  A  pair  of 
broadish,  oblong  leaves  are  produced,  but  not  till 
after  the  flowering  period  is  over,  so  that  the  scape 
and  flowers  receive  all  due  prominence.  The  former 
attains  a  height  of  2  to  3  feet,  bearing  an  umbellate 
inflorescence  of  nodding  flowers  that  radiate  equally 
all  round.  The  perianth  is  comparatively  small,  and 
greenish-yellow,  and  is  in  this  respect  much  inferior 
to  C.  aurantiaca,  which  also  flowered  at  Kew  last 
year  about  this  time.  The  stamens,  however,  attain 
the  same  remarkable  proportions,  and  protrude  about 
3  inches  beyond  the  flower.  They  are  white,  and, 
together  with  the  style,  which  is  an  inch  longer,  bend 
downwards  and  forwards  in  a  body,  with  the  apparent 
object  of  offering  a  convenient  landing-stage  for 
insects.  A  flowering  specimen  might  lately  be  seen 
in  the  Begonia-house,   at  Kew.      There  is  a   5gure 

*  FUlckiger  and  Hanbury,  Phartnacoi^rapkia  (1874),  543. 


LODOICEA    SEYCHELLARUM 
(DOUBLE    COCOA-NUT). 

I  DO  not  think  the  successful  cultivation  of  the 
double  Cocoa-nut  is  a  matter  of  much  difficulty  if  one 
or  two  important  matters  are  attended  to,  the  first 
being  to  grow  it  in  a  warm,  moist  atmosphere,  where 
the  thermometer  is  never  allowed  to  fall  below  70'. 
The  most  important  of  all  is  to  carefully  guard  from 
injury  the  fleshy  cotyledon,  as  shown  by  your  figure 
(122,  p.  557,  vol.  XXV.).  It  is  from  the  extreme  point 
of  this  remarkable  growth  that  the  true  plumule  and 
radicle  are  produced,  and  the  thickened  termination 
which  gradually  developes  into  the  cup-like  base.  This 
must  not  be  separated  from  the  seed  until  the  roots 
are  sufficiently  developed  to  support  the  plant,  which 
certainly  does  not  take  place  under  two  or  three 
years,  and  then  I  would  advise  that  it  should  only 
be  separated  by  gradual  decay,  as  the  young  plant, 
during  the  first  three  years,  is  supported  almost 
entirely  by  the  parent  seed.  The  same  thing 
takes  place  more  or  less  in  all  large-seeded 
Palms.  The  treatment  of  the  Liverpool  plant  was 
very  simple,  and  as  it  led  to  success,  I  will  briefly 
stale  it.  The  ultimate  loss  of  the  plant  did  not  arise 
from  any  cultural  difficulty  experienced  by  those  in 
whose  care  I  left  it,  but  on  account  of  delay  in  erect- 


ing the  new  plant-houses  when  the  entire  collection 
were  exposed  to  the  frost  of  a  severe  winter,  which 
destroyed  this  and  many  other  valuable  plants.  On 
receipt  of  the  nut  from  the  Seychelles  it  was  par- 
tially plunged  in  a  bed  of  Cocoa-nut  fibre  and  sand. 
At  the  end  of  about  four  months  the  cotyledon  first 
made  its  appearance.  As  this  gradually  lengthened  it 
showed  a  tendency  to  penetrate  deep  into  the  plung- 
ing material,  but  this  was  prevented  by  gradually 
raising  the  tip  to  the  surface  and  covering  it  with  2 
or  three  inches  of  light  sandy  soil.  On  this  very  im- 
portant point  I  felt  depended  failure  or  success, 
and  personally  attended  to  it.  I  was  aware  that 
all  previous  attempts  had  failed  by  allowing  this  soft 
fleshy  cotyledon  to  penetrate  into  an  ungenial  medium 
and  atmosphere.  When  the  cotyledon  had  extended 
its  full  length  it  became  thickened  at  the  extreme 
point,  and  ultimately  produced  the  true  plumule  and 
radicle.  For  convenience  of  removal  it  was  then 
potted  in  light  sandy  soil,  a  second  pot  being  used  to 
accommodate  the  seed  {see  fig.  36).  At  the  end  of 
three  years  the  pot  was  full  of  strong  healthy  roots, 
the  thickened  base  had  gradually  developed,  two  or 
three  well  developed  Fern-shaped  leaves  had  been 
produced,  and  the  stout  cotyledon  remained  firm  and 
healthy  as  from  the  first.  J.  Tyerman. 


Dendrobium  breviflorum,  Lindl, — This  little 
Orchid,  which  Mr.  Rolfe  speaks  of  as  "long  lost," 
has  been  flowering,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Chudley, 
my  excellent  gardener,  every  summer  for  the  last 
twelve  years,  my  plant's  blossom  having  been  iden- 
tified, by  Prof.  Reichenbach's  own  kindness,  in 
August,  1S75.  It  is  now  in  copious  bud.  P.  ff.  Cosset 
F.R.S.,  Sandhurst t  Torquay. 


CHOICE    SHRUBS     AT    APPLEY 
TOWERS. 

Certainly  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  probably  in 
the  entire  kingdom,  there  are  few  gardens  more  worthy 
of  a  visit  for  the  sake  of  the  choice  and  beautiful  semi- 
exotic  shrubs  and  plants  found  growing  there  so 
liberally  in  the  open.  That  these  things  have  often 
been  written  about  is  true,  but  hardly  too  often,  as  it 
may  help  some  gardeners  in  reference  to  their  cultiva- 
tion in  houses  to  learn  that  outdoors  at  Appley  without 
protection  at  any  time,  they  thrive  grandly  and  are 
full  of  interest  and  beauty.  Take  such  a  plant,  for 
instance,  as  the  climbing  Trachelospermumjasminoides, 
of  which  there  is  a  beautiful  specimen  growing  against 
an  arched  wall  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  lawn.  This 
is  several  feet  broad  and  high,  is  in  the  most  robust 
health  and  full  of  bloom,  and  yet  in  scores  of  con- 
servatories it  is  found  half  starved  and  dirty.  But  on 
the  other  side  of  the  wall  there  is  the  variegated  form 
of  this  plant,  doing  well  also.  A  partly  covered  way 
leads  down  into  the  stokehole  of  the  adjoining 
conservatory,  and  upon  the  arched  brickwork  a 
bed  has  been  made  up  of  peaty  turf,  and  upon 
it  the  plant  thrives  admirably,  making  strong 
growth.  On  the  same  side  of  the  wall,  and  close  by, 
is  a  greenhouse  climber,  Akebia  quinata,  with  its 
five-lobed  leaves,  that  thrives  admirably  ;  then  at  the 
other  side  of  the  wall,  and  rather  shaded  by  a  large 
overhanging  tree,  are  both  the  red  and  white 
Lapagerias,  well  established,  and  making  very  robust 
growths. 

To  very  many  the  huge  Rhubarb-like  plant  grow- 
ing in  a  corner  here  is  a  stranger,  because  seldom 
seen.  Its  stems  are  some  4—5  feet  in  height,  and 
covered  with  spines,  whilst  the  leaves  vary  from  3  to 
5  feet  across.  It  is  Gunnera  scabra,  so  noble  looking 
here,  where  it  has  ample  space.  Out  in  the  open 
lawn,  where  beds  are  filled  almost  exclusively  with 
trees  and  shrubs  somewhat  rare  outdoors,  Palms, 
such  as  Chamserops  Fortunei,  thrive  grandly  ;  indeed, 
one  huge  bed  is  full  almost  solely  of  these  Palms  and 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  making  splendid  growth — such  large 
glossy  leafage,  indeed,  that  anything  finer  in  the  way 
of  a  foliage  shrub  is  hardly  conceivable.  Here,  too, 
in  another  bed,  is  that  very  odd  and  singularly  fleshy 
shrub,  Colletia  bictonensis.  This  looks  like  a  veritable 
monkey  puzsle,  for  the  solid  fleshy  spiny  projections 
on  each  side  of  the  branches,  and  called  leaves  for 
form's  sake,  find  the  next  pair  above  transposed  with 
the  most  irregular  diversity,  and  thus  they  are  alter- 
nated over  the  entire  shrub.  Then  just  by,  in  bloom, 
is  a  semi-climbing  shrub,  which  much  resembles  a 
Cotoneaster  in  growth  ;  this  is  in  full  bloom,  producing 
spikes  of  white  flowers  very  freely,  whilst  the  brownish- 
green  berries  of  the  previous  year's  production  remains. 
This  is  Leptospermum  lanigerum,  and  very  rare  it  is. 
Desfontanea  spinosa,  represented  by  a  fine  bush,  is 
covered  with  yellowish-red  blooms  of  a  semi-trumpet 
form,  and  that  commonly  assumed  stove  evergreen, 
Choisya  ternata,  is  found  in  a  bed  a  huge  bush  9  feet 
through.  A  big  mass  of  the  old  Lemon  plants, 
Aloysia  citriodora,  is  in  full  bloom,  and  rich  in  per- 
fume. Fuchsias,  especially  the  old  Riccartoni  and 
coccinea,  are  everywhere  in  big  bushes  and  on  one 
part  of  the  terrace  garden  the  former  forms  quite  a 
noble  hedge  all  aglow  with  its  blood-red  pendent 
blooms.  How  woodrously  these  Fuchsias  thrive  all 
about  Ryde  only  those  can  realise  who  have  seen  the 
huge  trees  and  bushes  about  St.  Helen's  Green,  for 
instance,  where  they  constantly  burst  upon  the  eyes 
of  the  inland  visitor  with  wondrous  beauty.  Ver- 
onicas, too.  do  finely,  Hendersoni,  Andcrsoni,  and 
Traversii,  seem  never  to  suffer  from  frost  or  any 
weather.  The  Blue  Gum  has  some  noble  vigorous 
specimens  ©n  the  slope  overlooking  Southsea,  that 
bear  remarkable  comparison  to  the  ragged  samples 
found  on  the  mainland  after  the  recent  winter's 
frosts.  These  are  some  20  to  25  feet  high.  Of 
Spirseas  of  the  shrubby  section,  a  great  beauty 
is  ariaefolia  with  beautiful  while  flowers,  but  the 
rarest  and  noblest  is  S.  Hookeri,  which  produces 
gigantic  plumes,  some  iS  to  20  inches  in  length,  and 
fairly  rivalling  those  of  the  Pampas-grass  in  size  and 
beauty.     [Is  S.  Lindleyana  the  one  meant  ?] 

Camellias  grow  finely  in  a  mass  ;  Azalea  indica  in 
variety  also  does  well.  In  one  place  there  is  a  most 
beautiful  Japanese  Acer  polymorphum  decussalum 
growing  as  a  single  lawn  shrub,  feathered  most 
elegantly  to  the  grass  all  round,  and  is  large  and 
spreading.  The  Camphor  tree,  Laurus  camphora,  is 
a  fine  specimen,  and  close  by  is  the  Cinnamon   tree 


t82 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[August  7,  1886. 


also  doing  well.  Amongst  deciduous  trees  the 
American  Lime,  with  its  fine  broad  leaves,  merits 
notice.  This  is  certainly  a  rare  tree  in  garden?,  yet 
its  foliage  is  specially  noticeable,  leaves  measuring 
6  inches  by  7  inches,  and  of  a  dark  green  hue.  Also 
very  striking  as  a  lawn  tree  is  Sophora  japonica 
pendula  ;  it  has  a  curious  pendent  or  drooping  form, 
somewhat  resembling  an  awning  to  a  throne. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  the  interesting  things  to  be 
found  at  Appley  Towers,  gathered  from  time  to 
time  by  the  late  Sir  William  Ilutt,  who  was  an 
enthusiastic  gardener,  and  happily  placed  where 
Nature  is  all  tolerant.  The  grounds  are  of  the 
most  delightful  kind,  and  very  well  kept  by 
Mr.  Miles,  the  gardener,  in  spile  of  difficulties. 
The  fine  plant  of  the  Japanese  Diospyros  Kaki 
in  the  orchard-house  will  not  fruit  very  freely  this 
year,  as  it  cropped  somewhat  profusely  last  year  ; 
Etill  it  is  doing  well.  As  shown  here,  once  a  strong 
plant  is  obtained  it  will  thrive  readily  in  a  cool 
bouse,  A.  D. 


THE     LITERATURE    OF    THE 

COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 
Referring  to  the  above  subject  (Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  July  31,  p.  146),  I  may  perhaps  be  allowed 
to  make  the  list  more  complete  by  the  addition  of 
a  few  notes  on  some  publications  not  there  enumer- 
ated. Referring  to  New  South  Wales  it  is  stated 
that  no  list  of  products  has  been  published,  but  the 
fact  is  that  a  very  good  OJicial  Catalogue  of  Exhibits 
from  the  Colony  has  appeared.  This  catalogue  con- 
sists of  47S  pages,  and  comprises,  besides  various 
other  matters,  Several  excellent  descriptive  lists  of 
woods,  in  some  of  which  the  native  and  scientific 
names  are  given,  also  the  qualities  of  the  timbers  and 
the  uses  to  which  they  are  put,  size  and  distribution 
of  the  trees.  Some  very  interesting  notes  are  given 
on  the  ethnological  collection  from  New  Guinea, 
such  (or  instance  as  that  on  the  "man  catchers," 
which  consist  of  a  piece  of  Bamboo,  bent  in  a  circular 
form,  and  enclosing  a  spike.  "  This  terrible  weapon," 
it  is  said,  "  is  slipped  over  the  victim's  head  and  the 
spike  runs  through  his  throat."  In  a  collection  of 
gjasses  and  fodder  plants  from  the  Lachlan  River 
district  the  interesting  Nardoo  plant  occurs,  de- 
scribed here  as  Marsilia  hirsula  of  R.  lir.,  but 
referred  to  in  the  Flora  Austral iensis  as  Mas- 
silia  Drummondi  of  A.  Br.  This  plant  it  is  stated 
"is  found  only  on  the  margins  of  swamps, 
or  where  water  collects  in  shallow  ponds  after 
rain.  The  seeds  which  it  bears  profusely  germinate 
in  the  water,  and,  rising  to  the  surface,  cover  it  with 
a  green  coat,  resembling  a  scum.  As  the  water  sub- 
sides these  small  plants  take  root  in  the  soft  mud, 
and  should  no  more  rain  occur  they  .  .  .  cover  the 
ground  with  a  dense  coating  of  vegetation,  seeding 
profusely  ;  and  should  the  weather  continue  dry  the 
plant  withers  off,  leaving  the  ground  covered  with 
seed.  Should,  however,  rain  come  before  the  plant 
has  withered,  and  the  ground  be  again  covered  with 
water,  this  growth  is  arrested,  and  the  plant  assumes 
another  form,  the  previous  leaves  decaying,  and  others 
somewhat  different  take  their  place.  These  rise  on 
long  slender  stems  (according  to  the  depth  of  water) 
to  the  surface,  where  they  float  on  the  top  ;  these 
changes  go  on  according  to  the  weather.  It  never 
bears  seed  whilst  growing  in  the  water,  no  matter 
how  long  that  period  may  last.  Stock  of  all  kinds 
are  extremely  fond  of  this  plant,  which  affords  a  most 
nutritious  fodder.  In  former  years  the  seeds  were 
largely  used  by  the  natives  as  an  article  of  food.  The 
unfortunate  explorers,  Buike  and  Wills,  existed  for 
some  time  on  them." 

Victoria,  besides  its  well  illustrated  Handbook, 
issues  a  Catahi>iie  of  Exhibits  containing  a  detailed 
list  of  the  fine  set  of  Victorian  timbers,  an  enumera. 
lion  of  Mr.  Bosisto's  exhibits  of  Eucalyptus  resins 
and  oils,  and  a  valuable  descriptive  list  of  native 
fibre-producing  plants,  of  which  a  corresponding 
collection  of  dried  plants  alphabetically  arranged  is 
shown. 

The  West  Indian  courts  are  far  from  being  the 
"least  well  represented"  in  the  subject  of  literary 
matter.  An  excellent  Catalogue  and  Handbook  to  the 
mst  Indies  and  British  Honduras  has  recently 
appeared.  It  is  illustrated  with  three  coloured  views 
of  the  West  Indian  court,  and  an  engraving  of  the 
court^  devoted  to  each  colony,  a  brief  history  and 
description  of  which,  with  notes  on  their  products,  is 
also  given.  Besides  this  book,  which  is  sold  at  the 
stalls,  there  is  also  a  pamphlet  of  some  sixty  pages 


which  gives  much  information  on  the  situation, 
population,  history,  constitution,  health,  trade,  pro- 
ductions, gardens,  plantations,  natural  history,  &c., 
of  Jamaica.  This  book  is  freely  distributed,  being 
laid  about  the  court  in  large  numbers  for  visitors  to 
take.  In  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  besides  the  cata- 
logue already  alluded  to,  mention  ought  to  be  made 
of  the  very  excellent  official  handbook  of  the  history, 
productions,  and  resources  of  the  Cape,  one  of  the 
cheapest  and  best  books  of  the  whole  Exhibition 
Series, 

The  uniformity  in  size  of  the  Handbooks  and  Cata- 
logues issuing  from  the  present  Exhibition  is  a  great 
improvement  over  its  predecessors  ;  it  enables  them  to 
be  bound  up  in  uniform  volumes,  and  thus  kept 
together  as  a  record  of  the  condition  and  prospects  of 
the  colonies  in  the  year  1SS6.  John  R.  Jafkson, 
Curator,  Museums,  Royal  Gardens,  AVt,'.  "[In  the 
note  in  question  allusion  was  made  to  all  the  cata- 
logues our  reporter  was  able  to  purchase  at  the  book- 
stalls. Some  of  the  other  books  mentioned  by  cur 
correspondent  hid  been  previously  alluded  to,  e.g.,  the 
excellent  Cape  Handbook.  The  West  Indian,  Vic- 
torian, and  Indian  Handbooks  are  unknown  to  us. 
Ed] 


(Home     -pOF^FJEgPONDENCE. 


A  New  Pea.— Prodigy,  sent  out  by  Messrs. 
Veitch  this  season.  Srrcly  this  must  have  been  the 
Pea  hinted  at  by  the  raiser,  Mr.  Culverwell,  of  Thorpe 
Perrow,  in  the  discussion  on  Telegraph  and  Tele- 
phone Peas,  as  the  one  that  was  to  come  to  eclipse 
Telephone  ;  if  so,  I  for  one  am  well  satisfied  with  it. 
Grown  side  by  side  the  superiority  of  Prodigy  is  very 
marked,  and  it  is  by  far  the  best  early  Marro*  I  have 
yet  grown.  I  say  eaily,  for,  sown  with  William  I., 
it  is  ready  about  the  same  time — only  a  few  days 
between  them.  I  enclose  a  sample  of  Prodigy  for 
you,  Mr.  Editor,  to  admire  and  taste,  if  you  will.  I 
fancy  your  keen  eye  will  at  once  detect  we  have  in 
this  Prodigy,  as  we  had  and  still  have  in  Telegraph, 
light  and  dark  green  pods  and  Pea=.  I  hope  they 
will  not  be  unfortunate  enough  to  be  named  two 
v.rleiies,  for  they  are  grand  as  one,  T.  I\eetley, 
Djrley  Abbey.  [The  sample  sent  to  us  was  too  old 
to  be  a  good  cooking  test.  It  bears  a  well  filled  pod 
of  large  Marrow  Peas,  and  would  make  a  market  Pea 
where  quantity  and  earliness  are  the  chief  considera- 
tions. Ed  ] 

Boiler  Contest,  Liverpool.— At  p.  iiS,  Mr. 
Wood  complains  that  his  two  competitors  in  the 
2000  feet  contest  were  not  disqualified,  because  they 
did  not  fix  their  piping  according  to  Rule  5—"  that  the 
piping  should  not  rise  more  than  6  inches  in  loofeei," 
but  as  the  contest  was  between  the  boilers  on  their 
own  merits,  as  much  as  on  the  results  a;  shown  by  the 
thermometer,  a  good  boiler  was  not  made  a  bad  boiler 
because  of  the  level  the  piping  was  laid  at,  and  in  any 
case  Mr.  Wood  scored  a  point  owing  to  his  being 
right  with  his  level,  and  also  through  being  the  best 
in  his  result  as  to  temperature.  As  regards  the  reading 
of  Rule  6,  if  Mr.  Wood  is  in  the  right  it  would  ex- 
clude all  boilers  which,  having  waterway-bars,  re- 
quire to  connect  them  with  the  upper  part  of  the 
boiler,  as  Mr.  Wood  considers  the  flow  and  return 
from  the  waterway-bars  separate  flows  and  returns, 
whereas  the  boiler  would  not  be  complete  without 
them.  Though  it  might  be  interesting  to  your  general 
readers  to  hear  all  the  merits  and  demerits  of  each 
boiler,  it  might  not  be  so  interesting  to  the  makers, 
so  merely  remarking  that  Mr.  Wood  gets  full  justice,  he 
should  remember  that  there  are  other  points.  J.  B.,Jr. 

Rock  Gardening,- In  my  humble  opinion  there 
is  no  gardening  like  hardy  plant  gardening,  and  no 
hardy  plant  gardening  like  that  on  rockwork  and 
mounds.  I  have  just  returned  home  from  a  visit  to 
Edge  Hall  in  Cheshire,  where  rockwork  gardening  is 
admirably  carried  out.  Much  had  been  done  since 
my  last  visit  ;  the  rockwork  with  its  varieties  of  stone 
is  wonderfully  successful,  and  shows  what  energy, 
perseverance,  and  study,  assisted  by  an  excellent 
library,  will  do  in  a  climate  colder  and  damper  than 
our  home  counties.  Many  of  the  plants,  some  of 
them  ditlicult  ones,  grow  in  such  vigour  that  it  shows 
that  the  climate  suits  them  ;  but  sheltering  rock  and 
judicious  lightening  of  soil  makes  others  grow  which 
prefer  warmer  and  drier  situations.  Campanulas 
have  always  been  favourities  of  Mr.  Wolley  Dod,  some 
of  the  rarer  ones  were  simply  masses  of  bloom,  a 
favourite  plant  of  my  old  friend  Mr.  Atkins,  of  Pains- 
wick,  Onosma  taurica,  had  grown  more  luxuriously 
•than  I  ever  before  saw  it.  Arnebia  echioides  showed 
itself  thoroughly  at  home,  as  did  many  of  the  rare 
Saxifrages.  I  will  not  attempt  to  enumerate  the 
different  plants  which  are  in  great  numbers,  and 
many  of  them  rare.  I  was  much  interested  to  find 
that  Mr.  Dod,  by  his  broken  granite,  had  arrived  at 
results  which  we  have  been  attaining  by  different 
means  but   on   the   same  principle.     In   his  garden 


beds  Lilium  pardalinum  in  all  its  varieties,  and  L. 
testaceum  were  very  fine  and  in  great  vigour  ;  and  iri 
a  rough,  cold  Lily-house  L.  Parryi,  L.  Humboldtii, 
L,  Washingtonianum,  and  L,  Dalmaticum  were  as 
fine  as  I  have  ever  seen  them  under  any  treatment. 
People  often  speak  of  gardening  as  a  pleasant  amuse- 
ment ;  it  is  of  course  a  pleasant  occupa'ion,  but 
carried  out  as  it  is  at  Edge  Hall,  it  is  as  much  a  study 
and  a  science  as  any  of  the  more  recognised  sciences. 
In  conclusion,  I  would  advise  any  one  with  plants, 
especially  alpines,  which  they  cannot  master,  to  send 
some  to  the  Rev.  C.  Wolley  Dod,  Edge  Hall,  Malpas, 
Cheshire,  and  I  shall  be  surprised  if  he  does  not  dis- 
cover how  to  make  them  grow.   George  F.  Wilson. 

Godetias.— Godetias,  where  properly  and  well 
cultivated,  have  made  good  displays  this  season. 
After  having  been  properly  planted  in  good  soil  early 
in  the  season  and  supplied  with  a  fair  quantity  of 
moisture  they  delight  in  dry  hot  sunny  weather.  Too 
frequently  the  same  mistake  is  made  in  connection 
with  their  culture  as  with  most  other  annuals.  It 
consists  of  sowing  too  thickly  and  permitting  too 
many  plants  to  grow  together,  as  well  as  neglect  in 
the  matter  of  transplanting.  The  Godetia  is  second 
to  no  other  annual  for  the  ease  with  which  they  can 
be  transplanted.  Transplanted  into  rich  soil  during 
showery  weather  each  plant  is  capable  of  making 
plants  iS  inches  high  and  9  inches  through,  clothed 
throughout  with  an  abundant  mass  of  its  large  showy 
blooms.  Very  large  beds  so  grown  are  before  me  as 
I  write,  and  are  exceedingly  gay.  Probably  few 
annuals  repay  selection  in  the  matter  of  seedings  as  do- 
these.  Normally  they  are  prone  to  run  in  the  matter 
of  colour,  hence  too  much  at'ention  canmt  be  given 
to  the  simple  mailer  of  seed  saving.  Godetias  do 
well  in  tubs  and  boxes,  transplanted  therein  somewhat 
singly  as  suggested.  From  their  known  partiality  to 
warm  sunshine  they  would  succeed  well  in  sunny 
outside  window  boxes.  Seeds  sown  in  a  warm 
garden  border  in  the  early  spring  would  soon  form 
plants  fit  for  transplanting  therein,  with  the  assurance 
that  a  few  degrees  of  frost  would  not  affect  them 
alversely.    William  Earlcy. 

The    Origin   of  the    Garden    Pentstemon.— 

In  reference  to  Mr.  Douglas'  reply  to  my  remarks  on 
this  subject  I  must  point  out  that  I  took  his  notes  as 
they  stood,  and  could  not  be  supposed  to  be  ac- 
quainted with  all  his  previous  papers.  Believing  his 
speculations  to  be  misleading  I  ventured  to  point  out 
what  appeared  to  me  a  serious  omission.  In  the 
absence  of  any  evidence  to  the  contrary  I  am  slill  of 
opinion  that  our  bedding  Pentstemons  are  the  lineal 
descendants  of  the  P.  Hatlwegii  of  Benlham,  and  I 
also  repeat,  what  every  botanist  knows,  that  this 
plant  was  incorrecily  figued  and  described  both  in 
the  Botanical  Register  and  the  Botanical  Maga-Jne 
as  P.  gentianoides.  It  is  true  that  the  latter  was 
described  and  figured  by  Humboldt  long  previously, 
but  as  it  had  not  been  actually  introduced  into  cul- 
tivation until  subsequent  to  the  publication  of 
the  figures  above  referred  to,  it  was  but  liule 
known.  I  grew  the  plant  for  a  season  or  two  abjut 
the  years  1843-3,  having  received  it  under  the  name 
of  P.  gentianoides  verus  (it  was  written  vera  by  the 
way).  It  proved  to  be  a  robust  plant,  of  bushy  but 
somewhat  stiff  habit,  and  by  the  time  it  bloomed, 
which  was  not  till  the  second  season  af;er  planting 
out,  had  reached  the  height  of  3  or  4  feet.  lu 
short,  horizontally  disposed  flower-,  of  a  purplish- 
violet  colour,  were  pretty  freely  produced.  If  "  [.  D." 
can  refer  to  Professor  Asa  Gray's  Synopsis  of  the 
genus,  in  the  Proceedi'igs  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Science,  October  14,  1S62,  ha  will  find  both 
of  the  species  under  discussion  described  and  referred 
to  their  respective  figures.  He  will  also  find,  in 
Paxton's  Flomer  Garden,  a  correction  of  Ihe  error 
committed  in  the  Botanical  Rci;ister,  but  I  cannot 
quote  chapter  and  verse,  not  having  the  volumes  at 
hand.  If  he  is  still  incredulous  I  can  only  refer  him 
to  the  nearest  botanist  of  his  acquaintance,  Soixante. 

Time  of  Seed  Sowing,— Your  correspondent, 
"Pisum"  (p,  135)  has  opened  a  question  in  which 
common-sense  and  experience  must  alone  be  the 
teachers,  especially  as  regards  the  rules  for  sowing 
laid  down  in  seedsmen's  catalogues,  as  these  can 
only  apply  approximately.  Almost  everything  in 
sowing  seeds  depends  upon  soil  and  situation  and  the 
state  of  the  weather,  and  upon  whether  it  be  a  market 
gardener  or  a  gentleman's  gardener.  The  aim  of  the 
market  gardener  will  be  to  endeavour  to  get  his 
crops  out,  and  take  them  to  market  when  he  thinks 
the  most  profit  can  be  made;  but  the  gentleman's 
gardener  has  to  be  guided  by  the  wants  and  wishes 
of  his  employer,  and  by  the  possibilities  of  the  place  ; 
everything  has  to  bow  to  these,  therefore  the  latter 
will  have  to  continue  sowing  and  planting,  and 
learning  from  his  failures  and  successes,  and^doin" 
the  best  he  can  under  all  circumstances.  It  would 
never  be  advisable  for  a  private  gardener  to  sow  his 
first  crop  of  Peas  in  April ;  he  must  have  three  or 
four  crops  of  these  under  weigh  before  then,  and 
his  first  crop  should  be  in  bloom  by  that  time,  if  he 


August  7,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


183 


means  to  pick  useable  pods  in  May,  as  he  ought  to  be 
able  to  do  in  fine  seasons.  I  know  it  is  often  said  that 
we  do  not  gain  anything  by  early  sowing  or  planting, 
but  that  is  a  statement  few  gardeners  believe,  and, 
moreover,  he  has  to  be  content  with  small  quantities 
of  nearly  everything  he  grows  in  the  early  part  of 
the  year,  and  to  this  end  he  has  to  cut  and  contrive 
and  utilise  all  sorts  of  structures  and  shelters. 
The  warmest  borders  and  sheltered  corners  have  to 
be  utilised,  and  he  has  to  take  advantage  of  everything 
that  will  assist  him,  or  his  next  neighbour  may  chance 
to  be  in  advance  of  him.  The  great  thing  is  to  get  a 
little  of  everything  early.  The  time  to  get  in  the 
main  crops  is  the  months  of  March  and  April,  these 
main  crops  being  sown  on  quarters  properly  prepared 
for  their  reception  ;  and  as  the  time  comes  round  and 
then  during  April,  May,  and  June,  these  crops  have 
to  be  watched,  in  order  to  make  good  any  failures  as 
soon  as  perceived.  The  good  gardener  does  not  wake 
up  by  fits  and  starts,  but  has  everything  at  his  fingers' 
ends,  and  knows  when  and  where  and  how  to  do  his 
work.  In  looking  back  upon  my  g'-vrdening  life  I 
remember  doing  nearly  everything  each  year  almost 
on  the  same  day  of  the  month,  and  as  the  seasons 
have  come  round  I  have  attended  to  each  operation 
as  a  matter  of  course,  and  have  not  neglected  to 
watch  for  improvement  in  method  in  this  go-ahead 
age.  Everybody  thinks  he  can  garden,  and  there 
are  many  among  all  classes  who  have  some  amount 
of  success,  but  this  is  very  different  to  being  a  gar- 
dener by  training,  and  book  knowledge  does  not  help 
much  unless  combined  with  experience.    C.  D, 

Lapagerias. — A  Lapagerla-house  is  a  rarity  and 
a  luxury  too.  I  am  only  able  to  place  on  record  one 
private  garden  where  a  greenhouse  is  styled  a 
*'  Lipageria-house."  [There  is  one  at  Saltaire.  Kd  ] 
Since  the  Rose  is  denominated  "the  queen  of  the 
garden,"  the  Lipageria  ought  to  rank  as  "  the 
monarch  of  the  greenhouse,"  because  it  is  perhaps  the 
most  beautiful  of  climbing  plants.  The  house  under 
notice  is  a  charming  little  structure,  some  9  feet  by 
13  feet,  hid  away,  as  it  were,  at  the  rear  of  the 
stoves  and  Orchid-houses  in  the  famous  gardens  of 
John  Marshall,  Esq.,  Mount  Nebo,  Taunton.  It  is 
a  lean-lo  building  with  upright  front  sashes  and  con- 
tains three  or  four  thriving  plants  of  the  white  Lapa- 
geria,  whose  luxuriant  growths  are  trained  methodi- 
cally to  the  roof,  and  the  result  is  that  just  now  their 
pendent  flowers  of  pure  white  cover  all  the  plant,  in 
fict  hang  down  in  clusters,  one  of  which  I  herewith 
send  you  that  you  may  form  a  better  idea  of  the 
vigour  of  the  plants.  The  gardener,  Mr.  Lucas, 
recommends  a  west  aspect  for  a  Lipageria-house, 
strong  plants  to  commence  with,  much  patience  on 
the  part  of  the  cultivator,  and  the  utter  annihilation 
of  all  slugs.  His  plants  are  planted  out  in  prepared 
beds  above  the  floor  line,  and  the  roots  are  enclosed 
ia  limited  spaces  by  slates.  The  compost  used  con- 
sists mostly  of  fibrous  peat  and  plenty  of  sharp  sand 
with  an  addition  of  some  charcoal.  Frequent  syring- 
ings  and  copious  supplies  of  water  are  indulged  in 
whilst  the  plants  are  in  active  growth,  and  a  cool 
temperature  is  maintained.  \V.  Napper^  Alphington 
Cross,  [A  fine  terminal  truss  accompanied  this  com- 
munication. Ed. J 

Annuals  as  Decorative  Flowers.— A  few  days 
since,  having  to  wait  for  a  tram  at  Southampton,  I 
took  the  opportunity  to  look  in  at  a  small  enclosure 
of  some  half  dozen  acres  of  land  cbse  to  the  railway 
stition,  and  which  a  few  years  since  was  converted 
from  a  rather  rough  piece  of  pasture  rejoicing  then  in 
the  plebeian  appelation  of  Porter's  Mead,  to  a 
pleasure  garden,  now  more  ambitiously  designated 
Queen's  Park.  Neither  trees  nor  shrubs  had  yet  made 
any  appreciable  growth,  and  it  is  a  matter  for  opinion 
whether  some  of  the  expanses  of  grass  so  pleasant  as 
recreation  grounds  for  myriads  of  little  ones  were  not 
a  bit  over-done  with  big  but  otherwise  rather  bald 
beds  of  shrubs.  However  the  town  gardener  had 
literally  taken  the  bull  by  the  horns,  and  fur  the 
greater  part  of  the  summer  these  beds  were  made 
singularly  gay  by  means  of  single  and  double  Poppies 
of  the  most  varied  and  beautiful  kinds,  so  that  beds  and 
borders  were  aglow  with  colour  of  the  most  charming 
description.  Simply  sown  broadcast  and  raked  in, 
the  labour  involved  has  been  of  the  smallest,  while  the 
results  have  been  of  the  happiest.  Added  to  Poppies, 
Clarkia  elegans,  dwarf  Rockets,  Larkspurs,  Candy- 
tufts, Eschscholtzia  crocea,  Convolvulus  minor,  Gillia 
tricolor,  and  other  hardy  annuals  were  employed  as 
lines  and  edgings  with  admirable  effect,  creating 
beauty  that,  if  somewhat  fugitive,  certainly  is  beauty 
of  the  most  pleasing  kind  whilst  it  lasts.  In  beds 
were  such  good  old  bedders  as  the  yellow  Gazania 
splendens.  Phlox  Drummondi  in  variety,  and  making 
capital  masses  ;  striped  and  self  Petunias,  Lobelias, 
&:c.,  and  were  very  eftective.  So  much  gaiety  from 
such  simple  elements  is  not  often  met  with,  and  all 
these  too  in  an  open  space  close  to  the  seaside, 
exposed  to  the  sweep  of  southerly  winds,  and  on  its 
upper  sides  encompassed  by  bouses.  But  for  the 
happy  thought  of  the  gardener  in  sowing  annuals  so 


liberally  the  park  might,  beyond  its  verdure,  have 
been  a  sort  of  wilderness.  In  laying  out  places  of 
this  kind  there  is  perhaps  too  much  anxiety  to  offer  a 
design  which  looks  pretty  upon  paper ;  hence  more 
beds  and  borders  than  needful  are  formed,  and  circular 
or  serpentine  paths,  which  lead  nowhere,  are  designed. 
Nothing  can  excel  the  permanent  beauty  found  in 
broad  expanses  of  verdure  and  good  trees,  but  flowers 
will  help  to  gloss  over  many  imperfections.  A.  D, 

Lilium  candidum  :  Narrowpetalled  Variety. 
— Seldom  ha?  Lilium  candidum  bloomed  so  finely  as 
during  the  present  season.  On  all  sides  around, 
especially  in  cottage  gardens,  immense  spikes  of 
finely  developed  blooms  have  been  observed.  I  have 
here  a  narrow-petalled  variety  of  this  Lily,  which 
certainly  deserves  some  further  notice  than  has  yet 
been  given,  more  especially  now  that  Lilies  have 
come  into  more  favour  generally.  The  original  L. 
candidum  possesses,  as  is  well  known,  wide  petals, 
that  offer  an  obstacle  to  its  use  generally  in  bouquets 
and  other  arrangements  of  cut  flowers,  but  intermixed 
with  Iris  or  other  similar  leaves,  this  narrow-petalled 
variety  is  second  to  none.  Spikes  of  this  Lily,  and 
common  white  Jasmine  flowers  and  shoots  arranged 
in  a  vase,  are  both  beautiful  and  fragrant.  Botanical 
works  register  four  varieties  of  these  Levant  Lilies, 
but  this  narrow-petalled  variety  finds  no  place 
amongst  them,  unless  indeed  Lilium  spicatum  refers 
to  it,  which  I  fail  to  believe,  judging  their  blooms 
structurally,  yet  it  would  seem  the  variety  is  distinct 
enough,  even  though  it  be  a  garden  sport,  as  to 
deserve  recognition.    ]V,  E^ 

Trees  at  Devonhurst,  Chiswick.— This  place, 
the  residence  of  E.  II.  Watts,  Esq.,  will  ever  possess 
interest  for  every  true  horticulturist,  for  it  was  once 
a  part  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  garden — 
the  arboretum,  in  fact.  A  very  interesting  remi- 
niscence of  the  famous  Chiswick  show  existed  in 
this  place  up  to  last  year,  when  it  was  sold,  in 
the  shape  of  an  iron  tent,  zinc  roofed,  120  feet  by 
50  feet,  in  which  the  magnificent  exhibits  of  Mrs. 
Laurence's  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  the  genial 
and  successful  Barnes  Brothers  {William  andjimes), 
of  Camherwell  and  Bicton  ;  Glendinning,  Chiswick  ; 
Lee,  Hammersmith  ;  KolUsson,  Tooting  ;  Lane, 
Berkhampsted,  and  a  crowd  of  other  horticultural 
notabilities  who  shone  so  brilliantly  in  those  days 
at  Chiswick.  K;ferring  again  to  the  arboretum, 
it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  quote  here  some 
remarks  made  by  the  late  Dr.  Lindley  in  an 
article  on  the  Society  and  its  prospects  in  ths 
Garden-rs'  Chronicle,  in  the  year  1S62,  about  the 
fime  when  the  Society  was  migrating — had,  indeed, 
migrated — to  South  Kensington  :  — "  It  would  also  be 
tortuna'e  if  we  should  persuade  those  who  are  merely 
in  search  of  the  beautiful  to  examine  some  points  in 
this  garden  in  merely  an  artist's  spirit.  Tne 
trees  in  the  arboretum  are  now  forty  years  old, 
in  many  cises  hiving  grown  unchecked  and  un- 
pruned,  they  display  their  natural  forms  to  great 
advantage,  and  form  some  charming  studies  for 
the  landscape  gardener.  Then  there  are  deserted 
bywalks  fringed  with  Spanish  Chestnuts  and  other 
trees,  whose  arms  meet  overhead,  and  cover  a  mass  of 
tangled  foliage  on  either  side,  producing  the  eflect  of 
narrow  country  lanes,  with  the  exception  that  they 
areas  free  from  dust  as  interruption.  We  strongly 
recommend  this  scene,  especially  when  in  half  1  ght, 
to  young  artists  in  search  of  studies  from  Nature." 
And  what  a  host  of  fine  things  in  the  tree  way  may 
be  seen  there  now — practically  the  arboretum  as  it 
was  in  the  old  times.  What  a  change  from  the  busy 
high  road  of  Chiswick  (on  which  the  estate  abuts) 
into  this  sylvan  retreat.  One  might  imagine 
oneself  to  be  200  miles  off  in  the  country.  By  the 
house  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of  Spanish  Chest- 
nut, grandly  proportionate,  40  to  50  feet  in  height. 
Near  this  is  a  fine  group  of  Acers  in  variety,  Acer 
macrophyllura,  an  indeed  splendid  example  of  tree 
growth,  being  specially  notable — the  spread  of  foliage 
is  about  120  feet  through.  It  also  possesses  a  degree 
of  interest  for  lovers  of  old  and  venerable  things,  in  that 
the  label  recording  the  name  is  one  that  was  written 
when  the  Horticultural  Society  was  "in  possession."  It 
is  now  scarcely  legible  ;  but  there  it  is,  forming  a  link 
with  the  past  in  the  history  of  the  Society.  Next  to 
demand  attention  is  a  noble  specimen  of  Cedrus 
atlantica  some  50  feet  in  height,  probably  one  of  the 
finest  plants  in  the  country  of  this  grand  tree  ;  it  is 
coning  freely  this  year.  The  old  Oaks,  as  might  be 
expected,  figure  prominently,  particularly  fine  being  an 
evergreen  variety,  Quercus  Ilex  integrifolia,  with  a 
spread  of  foliage  some  50  feet  through.  A  Copper 
Beech,  60  to  70  feet  in  height,  very  imposing  from  a 
landscape  and  picturesque  point  of  view.  Wych 
and  English  Elms  make  a  striking  feature.  Space 
forbids  us  to  mention  a  tithe  of  the  many  remarkable 
things  to  be  seen  in  the  tree  way.  We  have  not,  for 
instance,  referred  to  the  fine  Planes,  Walnut,  Ash, 
Golden  Sycamores,  &c.  ;  but  sufficient  ha;  been  said 
to  show  that  it  is  a  place  of  no  ordinary  attraction  to 
lovers  of  arboriculture,  and  was  enriched  in  former 


years  with  many  fine  species  and  varieties  of  orna- 
mental and  useful  trees  as  are  possessed  by  no  other 
suburban  garden,   B. 

Zinnias. — There  are  just  now  a  few  beds  of  these 
annuals  in  full  beauty  at  Chiswick,  brilliant  with 
scarlet-crimson,  rose-coloured,  buff,  or  white  flower- 
heads.  The  Zinnias  have  one  great  advantage  X)ver 
most  olher  summer  annuals  in  that  their  beauty  is  re- 
tained for  several  weeks.  A,  B. 


uu% 


WILTS    HORTICULTURAL:  July    29. 

This,  the  second  show  (resuscitated  from  the  old 
society),  was  held,  by  kind  permission  of  the  Bishop, 
in  the  Palace  grounds,  Salisbury,  and  a  more  suitable 
place  for  the  holding  of  such  an  exhibition  it  would 
be  difficult  to  tind,  and  still  more  so  to  secure. 

The  committee  and  the  indefatigable  and  courteous 
Hon.  Secretary  (Mr.  \V.  II,  Williams)  are  to  be  con- 
gratulated upon  the  success  of  their  efforts  to  make 
the  show  a  thoroughly  good  and  representative  one,  a 
circumstance  which,  as  Mr.  T.  Challis  remarked  at 
the  luncheon,  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  "  encourage  the 
committee  to  continue  their  efforts,  so  that  Salisbury 
wouH  in  the  future  be  as  it  had  been  in  the  past,  the 
leading  town  in  the  cnunly  for  horticulture."  Most 
of  the  classes  were  well  contested  and  the  exhibits 
generally  of  excellent  quilily.  The  magnilicent 
plants  staged  by  Messrs.  Lock,  Cypher,  Rann,  and 
Mould,  were  greatly  admired  especiilly  the  Crotuns, 
which  were  alike  remarkabl;  for  theiu^reat  size  and 
the  stamp  of  great  cu'taral  skill  which  they  exhibilel. 
Fruit  though  shown  fairly  well,  was  not  so  abundant 
as  it  was  last  year,  when  the  show  was  held  three 
weeks  later. 

Plants  (Oi'EN  Classes). 

For  twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  flowering  plants 
there  were  only  two  entries,  Mr.  James  Cypher, 
Cheltenham,  and  Mr.  Rjnn,  Handcross  Park, 
Crawley,  who  took  the  prize;  in  that  order  with  well- 
flowered  plants.  Mr.  Cypher's  collection  contained, 
among  others,  Pha;aocoma  prolilera  Barnesii,  5  feet 
through,  and  grandly  flowered  ;  Ixora  amabilis,  very 
bright  in  colour,  and  covered  with  flower;  I.  Pilgrimi, 
having  large  bold  trusses ;  Stephanotis  floribunda, 
Errca  Irbyana,  E.  retorta  major,  E.  Thomsoni,  and 
Allaminda  Ilenderjoni.  Mr.  Rann's  best  plants 
were  Erica  Williamsi,  Urge,  and  profusely  flowered  ; 
Statice  Gilberti,  and  Allamanda  Wardleana. 

In  the  class  for  the  same  number  of  variegated  and 
fine  foliaged  stove  .ind  greenhouse  plants  four  excel- 
lent collections  were  staged,  the  plants  in  the  I'st  and 
equal  2i  being  very  close  in  point  of  merit,  thereby 
necessitating  considerable  time  being  spent  by  the 
judges  in  determining  the  relative  positions  of  three 
such  uniformly  good  lots  of  plants.  1st,  Mr.  Lock, 
gr.  to  W.  B.  Cleave,  Esq.,  Newcombe  House, 
Crediton,  Devon  ;  equal  2d,  Messrs.  Cypher  and 
Rann. 

Mr.  Lock's  best  plants — and  it  is  difficult  to  par- 
ticularise where  all  were  so  good — were  Gleichenia 
speluncK,  12  feet  over,  beatifully  trained  and  in  hne 
condition  ;  Crotons,  Warreni,  Williamsi,  Disraeli 
Johannis,  and  Chelsoni  (all  highly  coloured),  Cocos 
Weddelliana  (a  grand  plant  of  the  kind),  Cycas 
revoluta,  Dasylirion  acrotrichum,  Latania  borbonica, 
and  Kentia  Balmoreana. 

Mr.  Cypher's  best  plants  were  Thrinax  elegans, 
ver/  fine  ;  Cycas  circinalis,  C.  revoluta,  Crotons 
majesticus  and  Prince  of  Wales,  Kentia  Fosteriana, 
Cordyline  indivisa,  having  dark  green  leaves  4  inches 
wide;  Dasylirion  acrotriciium  ;  Mr.  Rann's  best  being 
Croton  Warreni,  9  feet  over,  and  grandly  coloured  ; 
his  other  plants,  similar  to  those  two  in  the  other  col- 
lections, being  equally  good,  Mr.  Mould,  Pewsey, 
Wilts,  was  awarded  an  extra  prize  in  this  class  for 
smaller  but  fresh,  clean,  well-grown  plants. 

Gentlemen's  Gardeners'  Classes  (Amateurs). 

Mr.  Lock  was  1st  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse 
flowering  plants,  distinct,  showing  fresh,  well- 
flowered  plants  of  Erica  coccinea,  E.  Barnesii,  E. 
Thompsoni,  E.  ampullaca,  Dipladenia  amabilis,  and 
Anthurium  Scherzerianum  ;  the  2d  going  to  Mr. 
Mould  for  a  nice  even  lot  of  plants. 

For  a  like  number  of  variegated  and  fine-foliage 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants  there  was  the  same 
number  of  entries.  1st,  Mr.  Lock,  whose  best  plants 
were  Alocasia  macrorhiza  variegatum,  Thrinax 
elegans,  and  Kentia  Fosteriana ;  Mr.  F.  Smith,  gr. 
to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Srlisbury,  being  a  very  good 
2d,  showing  in  his  collection  good  plants  of  Pandanus 
Veitchii  and  Croton  Weismanni.  In  the  class  for 
nine  exotic  Ferns  and  .Selaginellas  the  same  exhibitors 
were  1st  and  2d,  both  showing  well. 

Mr,  II.  W.  Ward,  gr.  to  the  Earl  o(  Radnor,  Long- 


1 84 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  7,  1886. 


ford  Castle,  Salisbury,  was  1st  for  six  pots  of  Liliutns, 
showing  well  flowered  plants  of  L.  speciosum  Krat- 
zerii. 

Dr.  F.  W.  Coates,  Salisbury,  was  a  capital  1st  in 
the  class  for  six  tuberous-rooted  Begonias,  showing 
neat,  fresh,  well-flowered  plants  ;  the  2d  prize  going 
to  Mr.  Thornton,  gr.  to  Mr.  Greenwood,  Hamham 
Cliff,  Salisbury. 

Mr.  Lock  had  the  best  six  plants  of  Gloxinias, 
showing  good,  well-flowered  plants  ;  Mr.  T.  Wilkens, 
gr.  to  Lady  Theodore  Guest,  Tnwood  House,  near 
Shaftesbury,  the  2d  best  ;  and  Dr.  F.  W.  Coates  the 
3d  best,  all  three  showing  well. 

Amateurs. 

These  classes  were  fairly  well  contested,  and  the 
exhibits  generally  of  merit.  Mr.  John  Curry,  gr.  to 
Colonel  Pepper,  Elm  Grove,  Salisbury,  showed  the 
best  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  distinct ;  and 
Mr.  Lovibond,  St.  Anne's  Street,  Salisbury,  the  2d 
best,  both  showing  well. 

There  were  three  collections  of  six  Ferns  staged  ; 
1st,  Mr.  J.  Curry,  with  small  but  fresh  plants  of 
Gymnogrimma  chrysophylla,  Adiantum  gracillimum, 
a  good  plant,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gregory,  The  Mill, 
Salisbury  ;  the  3d  going  to  Mr.  Lovibond,  all  three 
showing  very  creditably  grown  plants. 

Four  lots  of  six  Coleus,  distinct,  were  staged.  1st, 
Mr.  T.  S.  Fulcher;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Rockeit,  gr.  to  G. 
Smith,  E«q.;  3d,  Mr.  Lovibond— all  of  Salisbury,  for 
neatly-trained,  well-coloured  plants. 

Dr.  Coates  was  ist  lor  three  pots  of  Liliums,  show- 
ing good  plants  of  L  Harrisii,  the  flowers  being  large 
and  fresh  ;  2d,  Mr.  L.  Gregory. 

Messrs.  John  Curry,  T.  S.  Fulcher,  and  Lovibond 
took  the  prizes  for  six  zonal  Pelargoniums,  distinct,  in 
the  order  in  which  their  names  appear,  in  a  well 
contested  class. 

The  prizes  for  four  distinct  varieties  of  variegated- 
foliaged  Pelargoniums  went  respectively  to  Messrs. 
E.  L.  Brown,  Portland  Place,  Salisbury,  and  T.  S. 
Fulcher,  both  showing  neat  little  plants. 

Dr.  Coates  was  again  1st  for  six  Begonias,  showing, 
as  in  the  class  open  to  gentlemen's  gardeners  and 
amateurs,  well-flowered  plants ;  Mr.  Curry  being 
placed  2d. 

Fruit  (Open), 

Three  collections  of  eight  kinds  were  staged,  the 
contest  between  Mr.  W.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Cork,  Marston  House,  Frome,  and  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward, 
being  a  very  close  one,  but  the  points  which  the 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes 
and  Aoricots  in  the  latter's  collection  gained  over 
those  in  his  opponent's  he  lost  in  Peaches  and 
Nectarines,  the  latter  being  Mr.  Ward's  weakest 
dish.  Mr.  Iggulden  staged  Black  Hamburgh  and 
Foster's  Seedling  Grapes,  a  neat  Queen  Pine, 
good  Gros  Mignonne  Peaches  and  Victoria  Necta- 
rines, Brown  Turkey  Figs,  a  good  fruit  of  Blenheim 
Orange  Melon,  and  Moor  Park  Apricots  ;  3d,  Mr. 
J.  Evans,  gr.  to  Lady  Ashburton,  Melchet  Court, 
Romsey. 

Mr.  Ward  had  the  best  Pine-apple,  and  Mr.  J. 
Evans  the  2d  best,  both  showing  Queens. 

Grapes. — Seven  three-bunch  stands  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  were  observed,  the  majority  of  which 
were  quite  unripe.  Mr.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis 
of  Bath,  Loogleat,  Warminster,  was  1st,  with  large 
and  fairly  well-ripened  bunches  for  their  size  and 
season  ;  Mr.  James  Budd,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Dalgety,  Esq., 
Lockerby  Hall.  Ramsey,  being  a  good  2d,  showing 
smaller  but  slightly  better-coloured  bunches  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Northeast,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Torrence,  Norton  House, 
Heytesbury,  Wilts. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  Black  Hamburghs, 
Mr.  Pratt  was  a  good  1st,  showing  large  well-coloured 
bunches  carrying  a  6ne  bloom,  which  like  the  Muscats, 
were  placed  ist  a  couple  of  days  later  at  Southampton, 
Mr.  Charles  Warden,  gr.  to  Sir  J.  U.  Bathurst,  Bart., 
Clarendon  Park,  Salisbury,  was  a  creditable  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  Iggulden  3d,  both  showing  smaller  and  well 
flnished  bunches. 

In  the  class  for  a  like  number  of  bunches  of  any 
other  white  Grape  than  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and 
any  other  black  than  Hamburgh,  Mr.  Ward  was  Ist, 
with  well  ripened  bunches  of  Buckland  Sweetwater ; 
Mr.  Warden  following  closely  with  the  same  variety, 
Mr.  Budd  being  3d,  with  good  but  rather  green 
bunches  of  Mrs.  Pearson  ;  several  lots  of  unripe 
examples  of  Foster's  Seedling  were  shown  in  this 
class. 

The  last-named  exhibitor  was  1st,  with  Madresfield 
Court  Black  Muscat ;  Mr.  Warden  2d,  with  the  same 
variety  ;  and  Mr.  Ward  3d,  with  Black  Prince. 

Melons. 

Several  lots  of  these  were  shown,  Mr.  Pratt  securing 
Ist  place  with  a  line,  large,  and  highly  flavoured  fruit 
of  Longleat  Perfection,  and  Mr.  Iggulden  2d  with  a 
smaller  fruit  of  the  same  variety. 

Out  of  several  dishes  of  Peaches,  Mr.  J.  Evans  was 
Ist  with  highly-coloured  fruits  of  Royal  George. 

In  the  class  for  six  Nectarines,  Mr.  Budd  was  an 
excellent  1st  with  Elruge. 


Fruit  (Amateurs). 

For  a  collection  of  six  kinds  of  fruits.  —  1st,  Mr. 
Gregory  ;  2(i,  Mr.  J.  Curry.  Messrs.  Lovibond  and 
Gregory  were  placed  Ist  and  2d  respectively  for  two 
bunches  of  Black  Grapes,  both  showing  creditable 
bunches — Mr.  Gregory  and  Mr.  Curry  taking  Ist 
and  2d  in  that  order,  for  two  bunches  of  white 
Grapes. 

Mr.  E.  L.  Brown  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  Peaches 
in  this  class,  showing  the  best  fruit  in  the  show. 

Mr.  Gregory  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  Melons  in 
this  class. 

Vegetables  (Open). 

The  only  class  provided  for  these  in  the  schedule 
was  that  for  a  collection  of  twelve  kinds,  and  a  right 
good  competition  was  brought  out.  The  awards  in 
the  Ist  and  2d  prize  collections  were  not  accepted  by 
many  gardeners  who  are  competent  to  form  an 
opinion.  1st,  Mr.  Wilkens  ;  2d,  Mr.  Haines,  gr.  to 
the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Coleshill  House.  Highworth, 
Berks;  and  Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to  W.  H,  Long, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood  Ashton  Park,  Trowbridge,  was  3d. 
Mr.  Pratt,  who  made  his  first  appearance  as  an 
exhibitor  of  vegetables,  also  showed  well  in  this  class. 

Amateurs  and  cottagers  also  showed  vegetables 
well  in  their  respective  classes,  there  being  notable 
improvement  in  the  different  kinds  of  garden  produce 
since  last  year. 

Cut  Flower  Classes  (Gardeners  and 
Amateurs). 

Roses. — These  were  shown  very  well  for  the  time 
of  year.  T.  W.  Girdleston,  Esq.,  Sunningdale, 
Bagshot,  was  Ist  for  thirty-six  single  trusses,  distinct, 
with  a  good,  fresh  even  lot  of  blooms.  Mr.  Camp- 
bell was  1st  for  twenty-four  trebles,  distinct  varieties. 

In  the  corresponding  class  for  a  like  number  of 
single  trusses,  distinct  varieties  (not  open  to  exhi- 
bitors in  the  two  preceding  classes),  Mr.  J.  Marlow, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Pigott,  Cholderton  House,  Salisbury,  was 
Ist,  showing  a  good  lot  of  blooms.  Five  stands  were 
put  up. 

Only  two  stands  of  twelve  spikes  of  Gladiolus  (not 
less  than  six  varieties)  were  put  up  by  Mr.  J.  Evans, 
and  Mr.  R.  West,  gr.  to  J.  R.  Wigram,  Esq.,  North- 
lands, Salisbury,  who  took  Ist  and  2d  prizes  in  that 
order. 

Amateurs  (residing  within  twelve  miles 
OF  Salisbury). 

Mr.  H.  G.  Gibbs  was  Ist  for  eighteen  Roses,  dis- 
tinct, showing  a  very  good  lot  of  blooms,  and  Mr.  J. 
Marlow,  Fisherton,  Salisbury,  was  Ist  for  twelve 
Roses. 

Ladies'  Classes. 

These  brought  forth  a  spirited  competition,  and 
really  good  arrangements  of  choice  flowers  inter- 
mixed and  fringed  with  grasses,  sprays  of  Fern,  and 
leaves. 

Not  for  Competition. 

The  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co,  of  the  Castle 
Street  Nurseries,  Salisbury,  had  a  tastefully  arranged 
group  of  miscellaneons  foliage  and  flowering  plants, 
Roses,  and  other  cut  flowers,  which  were  bedewed 
overhead  by  the  sprays  of  a  small  fountain  at  play  in 
their  midst. 

The  several  stands  of  Roses,  having  a  variety  of 
plants  as  a  background,  arranged  by  Messrs,  Brittan 
&  Son,  The  Waterloo  Nursery,  Salisbury,  on  one  of 
the  side  stages  in  the  large  tent  containing,  in  the 
centre,  the  magnificent  foliage  plants  of  Messrs.  Lock, 
Cypher,  and  Rann,  and  the  Roses  and  other  cut 
flowers  on  the  side  stages  were  also  a  notable  feature 
in  the  show. 

SOUTHAMPTON  ROYAL  HORTICUL- 
TURAL: July  31. 

This  exhibition  must  be  again  recorded  as  a  success, 
and  as  a  magnificent  show  ;  particularly  does  this 
latter  apply  to  the  plants,  which  were  arranged  in  a 
tent  200  feet  long  and  75  feet  wide.  The  groups 
were  numerous,  and,  as  they  always  are  at  these 
exhibitions,  most  tastefully  arranged. 

Table  decorations  and  bouquets  were  extensive  and 
of  high  merit.  This  remark  applies  to  cut  flowers, 
particularly  Roses,  for  so  late  in  the  season  ;  Dahlias 
and  herbaceous  flowers. 

Fruit  was  not  quite  so  largely  represented,  owing 
to  the  unfavourable  season,  but  there  were  some 
capital  specimens  of  black  Grapes,  Melons,  and  other 
indoor  kinds. 

Vegetables  especially  were  a  strong  feature,  whilst 
the  quality  was  good.  Cottage  productions  were 
excellent  in  the  vegetable  classes. 

A  fine  exhibit  of  cut  blooms  of  tuberous  Begonias, 
both  double  and  single,  came  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing 
&  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  London,  S. E.,  as  were  also  the 
seedling  double  Hollyhocks  from  the  same  firm. 

Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Salisbury,  staged 
a  capital  lot  of  Gladiolus,  Verbenas,  pompon  and 
show  Dahlias  and  Roses,  not  for  competition,  which 
were  much  admired. 


The  new  yellow  Carnation,  Pride  of  Penshurst, 
which  was  certificated  at  the  last  meeting  at  South 
Kensington,  was  well  represented  by  a  bouquet 
arranged  with  its  grass,  and  showed  its  excellence  to 
the  best  advantage. 

At  the  entrance  to  the  tent  specially  set  apart  for 
their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Prince  and  Princess  Henry 
of  Battenberg  were  two  magnificent  Fuchsias,  each 
9  feet  high  and  4  feet  through,  grown  by  Mr.  E. 
Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The  Firs.  Bissett,  South- 
ampton. Mr.  Cypher,  Cheltenham,  presented  a 
bouquet  of  Orchids  to  Her  Royal  Highness, 

Groups. 

The  class  for  twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
six  in  bloom  and  six  fdiage,  distinct  (open),  m\de  a 
splendid  array.  Mr.  G.  Lock,  gr.  to  B.  W.  Cleave, 
Esq.,  Newcome  House,  Cr^diton,  was  placed  1st ; 
his  foliage  plants  were  of  good  quality,  but  the 
flowering  ones  were  rather  weak  ;  Larania  borhonica, 
Encephalartos  villosus  ampliatus.  Croton  Warreni, 
6  feet  in  diameter,  with  beautifully  coloured  leaves  ; 
also  C.  Wdliamsii,  equally  good  ;  Ixora  coccinea  was 
represented  by  a  fine  specimen  ;  Erica  Thompsoni 
was  likewise  a  fine  plant.  2d,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  nur- 
seryman, Cheltenham,  with  a  fine  lot  of  plants, 
superior  in  flowering  but  weaker  in  foliage  plants  ; 
particularly  good  were  DipUdenia  araabilis,  Ste- 
phanotis  floribunda,  and  Phcenocoma  prolifera  Barnesi ; 
Cycas  circinalis  was  excellent,  while  Croton  majes- 
ticus  was  weak.  3d  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  C. 
Rann,  gr.  to  J.  Warren,  E*q.,  Crawley,  Sussex. 

For  the  same  number  of  plants  as  in  the  above 
class,  but  confined  to  nurserymen,  Mr.  J,  F.  Mould, 
Pewsey,  Wilts,  was  awarded  1st,  Erica  Marnockiana, 
rich  and  fresh  in  colour,  being  one  of  his  best  plants  j 
2d,  Mr.  James,  Castle  Nurseries,  Norwood,  who  had 
an  extra  fine  specimen  of  Latania  borbonica  ;  Messrs, 
J.  C.  iS;  H.  Ransom,  Shirley,  were  3d, 

With  the  same  number  of  plants  as  in  the  two 
former  classes  (amateurs)  a  very  fine  show  was  made 
1st  was  awarded  to  Mr.  E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce, 
The  Firs,  Bassett,  Southampton,  his  best  plants 
being  Statice  profusa,  5  feet  in  diameter,  profusely 
bloomed,  and  of  a  rich  colour  ;  a  full-flowered  speci- 
men of  Stephanotis  floribunda,  Cycas  revoluta,  and 
Verschaftiltii  splendens.  in  capital  condition.  Mr. 
J.  Amys,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  C.  Yorke,  Netley 
Cliff,  was  2d,  with  a  fine  plant  of  Allamanda  Hen- 
dersoni.  Erica  tricolor  vera,  Trachelospermum 
jasminoides,  freely  flowered  ;  and  a  healthy  specimen 
of  Cycas  revoluta  ;  but  his  other  foliage  plants  were 
somewhat  weak.  Mr.  N.  Blandford,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Haslefoot,  Moorfields,  Bitterne,  was  3d. 

Still  another  class  was  provided  for  specimen 
plants,  but  in  this  case  nine  was  the  number  required, 
various,  not  less  than  three  to  be  in  bloom.  Mr.  E, 
Molyneux,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Myers,  Esq.,  Swanmore 
Park,  Bishop's  Waltham,  was  1st,  with  Trachelium 
ceeruleum,  a  plant  seldom  well  shown  ;  Allamanda 
Hendersoni,  and  a  well-coloured  Croton  variegatus, 
as  the  chief  plants  ;  Mr.  J.  Reynolds,  gr.  to  Colonel 
the  Hon.  H.  Crichton,  Netley  Castle,  was  2d— 
Croton  Mortii  and  Cycas  revoluta  being  the  best 
plants.  Mr.  W.  Peel,  gr.  to  Miss  Todd,  Sidford 
Lodge,  Shirley,  was  3d. 

For  the  best  group  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged 
for  effect  in  hall-circle  of  16  feet,  the  tallest  plant  not 
to  exceed  7  feet  in  height,  there  were  numerous 
entries,  the  groups  filling  one  side  of  the  large  tent. 
The  Ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  H.  James,  w.th  a 
choice  collection  of  plants  most  effectively  arranged. 
At  the  back  were  Caladiums  and  Dracaenas,  and 
some  good  plantsof  Cocos  Weddelliana.  The  middle 
and  front  were  filled  with  light  plants,  such  as  small 
Orchids,  &c.  ;  a  front  row  of  Isolepsis  gracilis  com- 
pleted this  handsome  group.  2d,  Messrs.  J.  C.  & 
H.  Ransom,  with  an  exceeciingly  tastefully  arranged 
group,  including  Begonias,  Gloxinias,  Crotons,  Palms, 
Panicum  variegatum,  and  Maidenhair  Ferns  ;  3d, 
Mr.  J.  Reynolds  :  4th,  Mr.  E.  Wills  ;  5th,  Mr.  J. 
Amys, 

Orchids. 

The  collection  of  Orchids  staged  by  Mr.  T.  Osborne, 
gr.  to  H.  J.  Buchan,  Esq.,  Southampton,  was  choice 
in  quality,  although  the  individual  plants  were  not 
large;  Dendrobium  Dearei,  Cattleya  crispa,  C. 
superba,  C.  Gaskelliana,  Odontoglossum  Alexandra, 
Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus  being  some  of  the 
finest. 

The  best  single  specimen  Orchid,  not  a  made-up 
plant,  was  shown  by  Mr.  Budd,  gr.  to  F.  J.  Dalgety, 
Esq.,  Lockerby  Hall,  Romsey,  it  was  Calanthe  vera- 
trifolia;  Messrs.  Osborne  &  Blandford  were  2d. 

Miscellaneous. 

Mr.  Cypher  showed  the  best  Heath,  Erica  retorta 
major;  2d,  Mr,  James;  3!,  Mr.  G.  Lock. 

Mr.  Amys  staged  a  graid  specimen  of  Allamanda 
Hendersoni,  6  feet  in  diameter  with  flowers  of  an 
extra  large  size,  as  the  best  flowering  plant  ;  Mr. 
Wills  was  2d,  with  Siephanotis  floribunda. 

For  double  flowered  Begonias,  Fuchsias,  hardy 
Ferns,  and  Celosia  pyramidalis,  Mr,  Wills  was  Ist, 


August  7,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


185 


For  the  best  foliage  plants  Mr.  Rann  with  a  grand 
specimen  of  Croton  Warreni  was  1st  ;  and  Mr.  Lock 
with  C.  Disraeli  was  2d. 

Mr.  Amys  had  the  best  pyramidal  Coleus. 

Mr.  Reynolds  was  1st  for  six  pots  of  Mignonette, 
with  specimens  2  feet  6  inches  in  diameter.  Mr. 
Molyneux  had  the  best  table  plants. 

Cut  Flowers. 

For  the  most  tastefully  arranged  basket  (ladies) 
Miss  B.  Flight  was  1st  :  Miss  M.  Hobby  2d  ;  Miss 
E.  Goldring  3d.  Mr.  Cypher  was  well  to  the  fore 
with  bouquets  ;  he  was  awarded  1st  prize  for  both 
ball  and  bridal  bouquets.  Mr.  H.  Rogers,  nursery- 
man was  2d  for  bridal  bouquets. 

For  twelve  bunches  of  cut  flowers  Mr.  Budd  was 
1st,  followed  by  Mr.  J.  Evans,  gr.  to  Lidy  Ashburton, 
Melchet  Court,  Romsey  ;  3^,  Mr.  H.  James ;  all 
choice  collections.  For  twelve  varieties  of  herbaceous 
cut  flowers,  Mr.  E.  Molyneux  was  an  easy  1st  with 
a  charming  box  of  flowers.  Mr.  W.  Gilbert,  Bishop's 
Waltham,  was  1st  for  twelve  Carnations  with  a  choice 
assortment.  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  staged 
the  best  Dahlias  and  Roses  ;  the  former  were  parti- 
cularly good,  being  so  early  in  the  season. 

Fruit. 

There  were  only  two  coKections  of  eight  dishes. 
Pines  excluded.  Mr.  Ward,  gr.  to  Earl  of  Radnor, 
Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  was  adjudged  1st  prize. 
His  best  dishes  were  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  good  in 
colour  though  small  in  berry,  good  Muscats,  though  a 
trifle  green,  Melon,  and  good  Moor  Park  Apricots. 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Evans  ;  Muscat  Alexandria  Grapes,  Best 
of  All  Melon,  and  Earrington  Peaches  were  his  best 
dishes.  For  the  best  three  bunches  black  Grapes 
there  were  eight  competitors,  Mr.  W.  Pratt,  gr.  to 
Marquis  of  Bath,  Longleat,  Salisbury,  gaining  1st 
with  large  clusters  of  Black  Hamburgh,  6ne  in  berry 
and  colour,  but  slightly  rubbed.  2d  prize,  Mr. 
E.  Molyneux,  for  same  variety,  not  so  large  in 
bunch  and  berry,  but  more  highly  finished.  3d,  Mr. 
C.  Warden,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  Rathurst,  Clarendon  Park, 
Salisbury,  with  smaller  bunches  scarcely  coloured. 

For  three  bunches  of  white  Grapes  Mr.  Pratt  was 
again  1st  with  five  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
perfect  in  every  way  except  colour  ;  2d   Mr.  Budd. 

For  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  Mr.  W.  Browning, 
gr.  to  J.  Wylie,  Esq.,  West  Cliffe  Hall,  Hythe,  was 
placed  1st,  with  large  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh, 
excellent  in  quality. 

For  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes  Mr.  Allan  was 
1st.  The  best  single  bunch  of  black  Grapes  was 
shown  by  Mr.  Browning.  The  best  single  bunch  was 
one  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  from  Mr.  Budd. 

Messrs.  Drover  had  the  best  scarlet  Melon,  called 
Scarlet  Perfection  ;  the  best  green-fleshed  was  Hero 
of  Lockinge,  from  Mr.  Sanders. 

Mr.  J.  Windebank  was  the  1st  for  Peaches,  and 
also  for  kitchen  Apples.  Mr.  Budd  had  the  best 
Nectarines,  and  the  best  six  dishes  of  hardy  fruit. 

Vegetables. 

For  twelve  varieties  a  very  close  contest  lay  between 
Mr.  Cox,  gr.  to  R.  K.  Wyndham,  Esq.,  Corhampton 
House,  Bishop's  Waltham,  and  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards, 
gr.  to  Earl  of  Normanton,  Somerley,  Ringwood  ;  ist 
prize  was  awarded  to  the  former  exhibitor,  who  had 
magnificent  White  Elephant  Onions,  good  Cauli- 
flowers, and  Carrots,  Tomatos,  Celery,  and  Prag- 
nell's  Beet ;  his  Artichokes  and  Cucumbers  were 
weak.  The  2d  prize  lot  contained  fine  Artichokes, 
very  fine  Sutton's  Gem  Carrot,  good  Cauliflowers, 
fine  Tomatos,  and  good  Canadian  Wonder  Beans, 
while  the  weak  dishes  were  Onions  and  Turnips. 
3d,  Mr.  Sanders,  who  had  fine  Tomatos  ;  4th,  Mr. 
J.  Amys. 

For  nine  varieties  some  good  lots  were  staged.  The 
first  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  E.  Molyneux  for  fine 
Elephant  Onions,  Midsummer  Kidney  Potatos, 
Nantes  Horn  Carrots,  and  fine  Celery.  Mr.  J. 
Allen  was  2d  with  fine  Tomatos  as  his  best  dish  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Oxford  ;  4th,  Mr.  A.  Richards. 

There  was  a  brisk  competition  for  four  dishes  of 
round  and  four  dishes  of  kidney  Potatos.  Mr. 
Sanders  had  Ist  prize  with  a  clean  even  lot ;  2d,  Mr. 
West  ;  3d,  Mr.  Oxford.  Mr.  Allen  had  1st  prize 
for  twelve  spring-sown  Onions,  while  Mr.  Cox  had 
the  same  for  same  number  of  autumn-sown  Onions. 
Mr.  J.  Brown  had  a  splendid  brace  of  Cucumbers  as 
Ist  prize  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Drover. 


NORTHAMPTON    HORTICULTURAL: 
August  2  and  3. 

However  meritorious  the  productions  that  go  to 
make  an  exhibition  may  be,  there  are  other  matters 
that  require  to  be  taken  into  account  before  success 
can  be  attained,  not  the  least  of  which  is  a  suitable 
site  whereon  to  hold  the  show.  In  this  the  North- 
ampton committee  are  fortunate,  as  it  would  be 
difficult  to  point  to  a  place  so  well  adapted  for  the 
purpose  as   the  beautiful   park   at   Delapre,   where, 


amongst  the  fine  old  trees,  the  tents  containing  the 
various  productions  are  dotted  about.  Independent 
of  the  interest  attached  to  the  contents  of  these  the 
park  in  itself  is  a  great  attraction  to  the  vast  numbers 
of  people  who,  on  the  two  days  of  the  annual  gather- 
ing, enjoy  the  treat  here  provided  for  them.  It  is 
now  four  years  since  the  first  show  was  held,  and  on 
no  previous  occasion  have  the  number  of  fine  plants 
exhibited  been  near  equal  to  the  present  year. 

In  the  open  class  for  sixteen  stove  and  greenhouse 
plauts,  eight  in  flower  and  eight  fine-foliage,  there 
were  four  competitors.  These  groups,  along  with  an 
equal  number  of  collections  in  the  class  for  ten, 
five  in  flower  and  five  fine-leaved,  occupied  the 
centre  of  a  very  large  circular  tent,  and  made  alto- 
gether one  of  the  most  eff'ective  displays  we  have  seen 
for  some  time.  The  whole  were  arranged  on  the 
grass,  with  nothing  beyond  such  improvised  appli- 
ances as  the  exhibitors  found  necessary  to  raise  the 
specimens  which  formed  the  back  of  their  groups. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

In  the  open  class,  in  which  prizes  of  ;^l8,  ;^I0, 
and  ;^5  were  offered,  Mr.  Cypher,  Cheltenham,  was 
well  in  front,  showing  a  fine  collection  of  remarkable 
plants;  2d,  Mr.  Finch,  gr.  to  J.  Marriott,  Esq., 
Coventry,  with  a  beautiful  lot  of  flowering  speci- 
mens;  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  A.  Nicholson,  Esq., 
Highfield  Hall,  Leek,  who  was  a  close  3d,  had  a 
fine  lot  of  foliage  specimens,  but  some  of  his  blooming 
plants  were  weak. 

For  ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower,  and 
five  fine-leaved,  Mr.  Bird,  gr.  to  A.  Seymour, 
Esq.,  Norton  Hall,  Daventry,  was  1st,  having  a 
pretty  group  ;  2d,  Mr.  Miller,  gr.  to  R.  Loder,  Esq., 
Whittlebury,  who  also  staged  a  nice  collection. 

Groups  arranged  for  Effect. 

In  the  open  class  Mr.  Cypher  was  Ist  with  a 
nicely  arranged  exhibit  containing  the  right  amount 
of  colour  ;  Mr.  Parker,  Victoria  Nursery,  Rugby,  2d  ; 
Mr.  Roberts  3d. 

In  the  class  for  groups  in  the  second  division  of 
the  schedule  Mr.  Bird  was  a  good  Ist  with  a  nice 
arrangement;  2d,  Mr.  Miller;  3d,  Mr.  Holland,  gr. 
to  W.  Jeftery,  Esq.,  Billing  Road. 

Miscellaneous. 

Ferns  were  very  well  shown  by  Mr.  Bird,  who  took 
the  lead  with  a  well  grown  half-dozen,  the  best  of  which 
were  Davallia  Mooreana,  some  S  feet  in  diameter  ; 
Gymnogramma  chrysophylla,  6  feet  ;  and  Aspleoium 
nidus-avis  ;  2d,  Mr.  Holland,  whose  best  examples 
were  Adiantum  Farleyeose  and  Gleichenia  Mendelii. 

Caladiums. — With  six  Mr.  Holland  had  1st,  Mr. 
Farr,  gr.  to  Sir  K.  Knightley,  Fawsley  Park,  2d. 

Coleus.  —  These  were  well  grown  and  finely 
coloured.  Mr.  Underwood,  gr.  to  J.  A.  S.  Bouverie, 
Esq.,  Delapre,  1st  ;  2d,  Mr.  Kightley,  gr.  to  Sir  Here- 
wald  Wake. 

Tuberous  Begonias. — Of  these  Mr.  Davey,  gr.  to 
F.  .Simson,  Esq.,  was  the  only  exhibitor,  having  1st 
with  medium  sized  examples. 

Fuchsias. — Ist,  Mr.  Kightley,  who  staged  medium 
sized  examples,  not  too  stiffly  trained  ;  2d,  Mr.  Beard. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums.  —  Single  varieties  :  1st,  Mr. 
Kightley,  with  large  nicely  flowered  specimens,  not 
over-trained  ;  2d,  Mr.  Underwood,  who  also  had  nice 
plants.  Double  varieties  :  Ist,  Mr,  Underwood  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Beard. 

Gloxinias. — Nicely  grown  plants,  of  large,  prettily 
marked,  erect  flowered  varieties  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Bird,  who  took  Ist ;  Mr.  Holland  being  2d. 

Table  Plants 
were    well   shown   by   Mr.    Holland,   who    had    1st 
honours  for  twelve  ;  2d,  Mr.  Underwood. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Stove  and  greenhouse,  as  well  as  hardy  kinds, 
were  well  represented,  collectively  making  an  effec- 
tive display.  With  twenty-four  bunches  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  variety,  Mr.  Finch  was  Ist,  having  a  good 
lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  Parker.  Twelve  bunches  :  Ist,  Mr. 
Miller  ;  2d,  Mr.  Kightley.  Twelve  bunches  hardy 
herbaceous  varieties  :  1st,  Mr.  Miller,  with  a  good 
dozen. 

Roses  were  very  well  shown,  and  were  fairly 
numerous  for  the  advanced  season.  With  twenty-four 
single  blooms,  Messrs.  Perkins  had  1st,  staging  even 
fresh  flowers.  Messrs.  R.  Mack  &  Sons,  Catterick 
Bridge,  who  were  a  close  2d,  also  had  a  good  staod. 

Twelve  Roses.— Ist,  Messrs.  Perkins;  2d,  Mr. 
Bennett,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Jackson,  Stagsden 
Vicarage.  Here  again  the  competition  was  as  close 
as  it  well  could  be,  both  exhibitors  staging  fine 
flowers.  With  twelve  Tea  varieties  Mr.  Bennett  was 
a  long  way  ahead,  again  having  beautiful  blooms. 
2d,  Messrs.  March. 

Eighteen  Roses  (amateurs). — 1st,  Mr.  Bennett,  who 
here  again  had  a  good  set  of  flowers  ;  2d,  Mr, 
Ingram,  gr.  to  W.  Butlin,  Esq. 

Twelve  (amateurs). — Ist,  Mr.  Bennett;  2d,  Mr. 
Ingram. 


Fruit. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes. — 1st,  Mr.  Beech, 
gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Northampton,  Castle  Ashby, 
with  medium-sized,  finely  finished  bunches  of  Black 
Hamburgh  ;  2d,  Mr.  Miller,  who  had  smaller  ex- 
amples, but  nicely  finished. 

White  Grapes,  three  bunches.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Farr,  with 
Trebbiano,  small,  but  well  coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bird. 

Dish  of  Peaches.— With  these,  Mr.  Bird  took  1st, 
staginging  a  nice  dish  of  highly  coloured  fruit,  un- 
named ;  2d,  Mr.  Finch,  with  Royal  George. 

Dish  of  Nectarines.  —  1st,  Mr.  Bird  ;  2d,  Mr.  Farr. 

Melon. — Ist,  Mr.  Finch. 


THE     OXFORD     CARNATION     AND 
PICOTEE     UNION  :     August  3. 

Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell  provided  an  excellent  show 
for  the  lovers  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee  in  his 
garden  in  the  Stanley  Road,  Oxford,  on  the  above 
date.  Not  only  was  the  competitive  exhibition  in 
itself  a  thoroughly  good  one,  and  the  blooms 
characterised  by  a  high  average  of  quality,  but 
there  was,  in  addition,  Mr.  Dodwell's  extensive 
collection  in  full  bloom,  all  his  canvas-covered 
stages  being  aglow  with  Carnations  and  Pico- 
tees,  and  in  the  open  ground  large  beds  of 
seedlings — plants  of  the  most  vigorous  growth,  car- 
rying wonderful  heads  of  bloom.  If  any  person 
entertains  the  notion  that  the  florist  '*  coddles  "  the 
Carnation  and  Picotee,  or  forces  the  plants  into 
bloom  under  glass,  as  some  undoubtedly  do,  for  lack 
of  accurate  information,  let  them  pay  a  visit  to  Mr, 
Dodwell,  and  there  they  will  see  abundant  evidence 
of  the  adaptability  of  the  finer  forms  of  the  Carnation 
and  Picotee  to  make  elfective  and  invaluable  border 
plants.  Exhibitors  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee 
could  not  follow  a  more  suicidal  course  than  to 
attempt  to  force  their  plants  into  bloom  under  glass  ; 
when  in  bloom  they  give  them  the  protection  of 
glass  and  canvas  only  to  screen  them  from  the  effects 
of  the  weather,  but  with  an  abundance  of  air  flowing 
in  on  every  side.  By  raising  the  pots  on  stages  under 
canvas  the  flowers  are  brought  up  nearly  level  with 
the  line  of  sight,  and  their  beauties  can  be  examined 
under  the  most  favourable  circumstances. 

Carnations. 

The  competition  blooms  were  arranged  under  a 
canvas  tent,  open  at  the  sides,  set  up  in  a  vacant 
space  in  Mr.  Dodwell's  garden.  The  leading  class 
was  for  twelve  blooms,  dissimilar,  seven  prizes  being 
offered,  and  six  stands  competed  :  the  three  firs 
placed  being  remarkably  good.  The  highest  honours 
went  to  Mr.  Lakin,  Temple  Cowley,  in  Oxford, 
a  very  successful  and  enthusiastic  amateur.  His 
flowers  consisted  of  Scarlet  bizarres,  Arthur  Medhurst 
and  Robert  Lord,  the  last  named  a  flower  of  remarkable 
finish  ;  Crimson  bizarres.  Master  Fred  and  Rifleman  ; 
Purple  flakes.  Sarah  Payne,  Squire  Meynell,  George 
Melville,  and  Squire  Whitbourn  ;  Scarlet  flakes,  Tom 
Chapman  and  John  Ball  ;  Rose  flakes,  Mr.  Symonds 
and  Rob  Roy.  2d,  Mr.  W.  L.  Walker,  Bulmershe 
Road,  Reading,  who  had  S.B.,  Charles  Phillips, 
George  and  Arthur  Medhurst ;  C.  B  ,  John  Laney  ; 
P.P.B.,  Sarah  Payne  and  Harrison  Weir;  P.F., 
Henry  Startup  ;  S.  F.,  Henry  Cannell,  John  Whitham, 
and  Sportsman  ;  and  R.F.,  Tim  Bobbin  and  Biddy 
Malone.  3d,  NIr.  M.  Rowan,  Manor  Street, 
Clapham,  London,  with  a  very  good  lot  indeed, 
though  two  or  three  flowers  showed  signs  of  being 
past  their  best  ;  4th,  Mr.  W.  A.  Slacks  Chesterfield  ; 
5th,  Mr.  George  Chaundry,  Marston  Lane,  Oxford  ; 
6th,  Mr.  William  Wardell,  Park  Street  West, 
Luton.  In  the  class  for  six  Carnations,  dissimilar,  there 
was  a  very  vigorous  competition,  twelve  collections 
being  staged.  Mr.  Thomas  Bower,  of  Bradford, 
Yorkshire,  being  1st,  with  a  very  fine  lot,  consisting  of 
C.B.,  Dr.  Symonds,  J.  D.  Hextall,  and  Rifleman; 
T,  F.,  Florence  Nightingale;  S.F.,  John  Bull;  and 
P.F.,  Mrs.  Symonds.  2d,  Mr.  J.  S.  Hedderley, 
Swinton,  Nottingham,  with  an  excellent  stand,  con- 
sisting of  S.B.,  Mars  and  Admiral  Curzon  ;  C.B,, 
Harrison  Weir  ;  P.F.,  Mayor  of  Nottingham;  S.F., 
Sportsman;  and  R.F.,  Sybil.  3d,  Mr.  Robert  Lord, 
Todmorden,  with  S.B.,  Mars;  C.B.,  George  Faw- 
cett;  S.F.,  Clipper;  P.F.,  Dr.  Foster;  R.F.,  Sybil 
and  Cristo-galli.  4th,  Mr.  G.  Wynne,  gr.  to  Huson 
Morris,  Esq.,  The  Nest,  Hayes,  Kent ;  5th,  Mr.  C. 
Phillips,  Earley,  Reading  ;  6th,  Mr.  T.  Anstiss,  Brill ; 
7th,  Mr.  T.  E.  Henwood,  Earley,  Reading  ;  Sth,  Mr. 
S.  I3rown,  Crompton  Road,  Handsworlh,  Birming- 
ham, 

In  the  eight  classes  for  single  specimen  Carnations, 
five  prizes  being  offered  in  each,  a  large  number  of 
flowers  were  staged,  and  the  task  of  judging  proved 
to  be  one  of  some  difficulty.  S.B.,  1st,  Mr. 
C.  Phillips,  with  Robert  Lord ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Lakin 
with  Fred  ;  3d,  Mr.  M.  Rowan,  with  the  same  ;  4th, 
Mr.  T.  E.  Henwood,  with  George ;  5th,  Mr.  C. 
Phillips,  with  Charles  Phillips.  C.B.,  1st,  Mr. 
J.  Lakin,  with  Rifleman ;  2d,  Mr.  S.  Brown, 
with  John    Laing ;    3d,    Mr.    Rowan,    with   Master 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


(August  7,  1886. 


Fred  j  4th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin  with  Samuel  Barlow ; 
5th,  Mr.  Brown,  with  Bl:ick  Diamond  seedling. 
P.P.B.,  1st  and  2d,  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  with  Faust  ; 
3d,  Mr.  H.  Startup,  3,  Stanley  Road,  Bromley, 
Kent,  with  Master  Fred,  and  4ih,  with  Samuel  Bar- 
low ;  5th,  Mr.  W.  L.  Walker,  with  Master  Fred. 
P.F.,  1st,  Mr.  Walker,  with  Henry  Startup ;  2d, 
Mr.  T.  E.  Henwood,  with  Sarah  Payne  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Robert  Lord,  with  James  Douglas,  and  4th  with  Dr. 
Foster  ;  Jlh,  Mr.  Hedderley,  with  Mayor  of  Notting- 
ham. S.F.,  Mr.  Hedderley  took  1st,  2d,  3I  and  4th 
prizes  with  fine  blooms  of  Sportsman,  a  sport  from 
Admiral  Curzon,  S.B.,  which  originated  with  Mr. 
Hedderley  thirty  years  ago,  and  he  states  that  he  has 
never  known  it  revert  to  the  original  form  ;  Mr.  J. 
Lakin  being  5th  with  Tom  Lord,  R.F.,  1st,  Mr.  J. 
Lakin,  with  Mrs.  Symonds  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hedderley,  with 
Sybil  ;  3d,  Mr.  Rowan,  with  Dolly  Varden  ;  4ih, 
Mr.  A.  R.  Brown,  Handsworlh,  Birmingham,  with 
Miss  Burton  (new) ;  5th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Rob 
Roy. 

The  premier  Carnation  selected  from  the  whole 
show  was  S.  B.,  Robert  Lord,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Lakin 
in  his  1st  prize  stand  of  twelve  blooms. 

Fancy  and  Self  Carnations. 

These  were  largely  shown,  and  they  were  greatly 
admired  for  their  exquisite  colours.  In  the  class  for 
twelve  blooms  there  were  eleven  competitors,  and 
the  competition  was  exceedingly  keen.  Mr.  W. 
Read,  gr.  to  A.  H.  Dodwell,  E';q.,  Stanley  Road, 
Oxford,  being  1st  with  a  very  fine  lot,  consisting  of — 
Fancies':  Huson  Morris,  Mrs.  Mostyn  Owen,  Eury- 
dice,  Jessica,  and  William  Bacon  ;  Selfs :  Mrs. 
Morris  (white),  Florence  (buff),  and  some  fine  seed- 
lings. Equal  1st,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  Fancies, 
Princess  Teck,  Mr.  W.  Musgrove,  Janira,  and  Sir  B. 
Seymour  ;  Selfs  :  Florence,  Emma  Lakin  (white), 
Polly  Clarke,  Black  Knight.  Pride  of  Penshurst,  and 
seedling  ;  3d,  Mr.  Huson  Morris,  with  a  fine  lot, 
including  Marechal  Niel,  a  high-class  yellow  Self, 
and  Queen  of  Yellow  ;  4ih,  Mr.  Rowall  ;  5-h,  Mr. 
T.  Austiss  ;  6th,  Mr.  Geo.  Chaundry  ;  7th,  l\Ir.  H. 
Hovell,  gr.  to  G.  H.  Morrell,  Esq.,  Headington  Hill, 
Oxford. 

In  the  class  for  six  blooms  there  were  nine  collec- 
tions, and  here  Mr.  C.  Phillips  was  1st  with  an 
admirable  lot,  consisting  of  Mrs.  Dodwell,  Iluson 
Morris,  and  Muriel  (Fancies),  Mark  Antony,  Cleo- 
patra, and  Florence  (Selfs)  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  with 
Sir  Toby  Belch  (a  good  bloom),  George  Fawcett, 
Stanley  Hudson,  Huntsman,  and  two  seedlings  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Walker ;  4th,  W.  Gawn,  E<q.,  Iffley  Road, 
Oxford;  5th,  Mr.  Hedderley;  6th,  exhibitor  unnamed; 
7th,  Mr.  T.  E.  Henwood  ;  8th,  Mr.  Slack. 

Five  prizes  were  offered  in  each  case  for  the  best 
single  bloom  of  Fancies  and  Selfs.  With  Fancies, 
Mr.  R.  Lord  was  1st,  with  George  Fawcett  ;  2d,  Mr. 
J.  Lakin  with  Huson  Morris  ;  3d,  Mr.  T.  Austiss 
with  Mrs.  Pratt ;  4th,  Mr.  J.  Lakin,  with  seedling  ; 
Sth,  Mr.  Henwood,  with  Cleopatra. 

Mr.  Lord  also  had  the  best  self  in  Huntsman  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Walker,  with  Cleopatra ;  3d,  Mr.  Austiss, 
and  4th,  Mr.  Lakin,  with  seedlings  ;  5th,  Mr.  Hen- 
wood, with  Cleopatra. 

The  premier  fancy  or  self  was  Sir  Toby  Belch, 
shown  by  Mr.  R.  Lord. 

PiCOTEES. 

Four  stands  of  twelve  varieties  competed,  and  very 
fine  they  were.  Mr.  J.  Lakin  was  placed  1st,  with 
— heavy  red  edge  ;  Brunette,  Mrs.  Dodwell,  and 
Mrs.  Summers.  Heavy  purple  :  Purple  Prince  and 
Mrs.  Niven.  Light  purple  :  Jessie  and  Nymph. 
Heavy  rose  :  Constance  Heron,  Royal  Visit,  Mrs. 
Payne,  and  Ediih  d'Ombrain.  Light  rose  :  Favourite. 
2d,  Mr.  Robert  Lord,  with— Heavy  red  :  Emily, 
Master  Norman,  and  Winnifred  Esther.  Heavy 
purple :  Zerlina.  Light  purple  :  Clara  Penson. 
Heavy  rose  :  Lady  Holmesdale,  Constance  Heron, 
Royal  Visit,  and  Mrs.  Rudd.  Light  rose  :  Nellie, 
Miss  Wood,  and  Favourite.  3d,  Mr.  Rowan  ;  4th, 
Mr.  George  Chaundry. 

In  the  class  for  six  blooms  fifteen  collections  com- 
peted, Mr.  John  Payne,  Worcester  College,  St.  Paul's, 
Oxford,  bemg  isl,  with — Heavy  red  :  Muriel  and 
John  Smith.  Heavy  purple  :  Zerlina.  Light  purple  : 
Thomas  Witham.  Heavy  rose  :  Royal  Visit  and 
Mrs.  Payne.  2d,  Mr.  Henwood,  wich — Heavy  red  : 
Brunette.  Light  red  :  Clara.  Heavy  pu'ple  :  Purple 
Prince.  Light  purple  :  Jessie.  Heavy  Rose  :  Royal 
Visit  and  Mrs.  Rudd.  3  i,  Mr.  C.  Phillips  ;  4ih,  Mr. 
J.  S.  Hedderley;  5th,  no  name;  6th  Mr.  Thomas 
Austiss;  7ih,  Mr.  T.  Bower  ;  8ih,  no  name. 

In  the  classes  for  single  blooms  of  Picotees  the 
awards  were  as  follows  :— Heavy  red  :  1st  and  2d, 
Mr.  T.  Austiss,  with  Mary  D.  Austiss  ;  3d,  Mr.  C. 
Phillips,  with  John  Smith  ;  4>h,  Mr.  Henwood,  with 
Mrs.  Dodwell;  5th,  Mr.  Phillips,  with  Brunette. 
Light  red  :  1st,  3d,  and  sth,  Mr.  Phillips,  with 
Thomas  William  ;  2d,  Mr.  Lakin,  with  Mrs.  Girton ; 
4th,  Mr.  H.  Startup,  with  Thomas  William.  Heavy 
purple  :  tst  and  5th,  Mr.  Walker,  with  Purple  Prince  ; 
ii,   Mr.    Rowan,   with  Alliance ;    3d,  Mr.    Startup, 


with  Purple  Prince  ;  4th,  Mr.  Phillips,  with  Zerlina. 
Light  purple ;  Mr.  Hedderley  was  1st  and  2d, 
with  Clara  Penson;  and  Mr.  T.  Austiss  3d  and  4th  with 
the  same  ;  Mr.  Walker  being  5th  with  Mary.  Heavy 
rose  :  Mr.  Rowan  was  1st,  2d,  and  3d,  with  Mrs. 
Payne  ;  Mr.  Henwood  4th,  with  Edith  d'Ombrain  ; 
and  Mr.  J.  Lakin  5th,  with  Elise.  Light  rose  ;  Mr. 
Rowan  was  ist,  2d,  3d,  and  4th,  with  beautiful 
blooms  of  Rudd's  Nellie  ;  Mr.  T.  Austiss  being  5th, 
with  Favourite. 

Yellow  Ground  Picotees, 

Mr,  Hedderley  was  Ist,  with  Edith  ;  Mr.  Lakin 
2d,  with  Midas  ;  Mr.  Phillips  3d,  and  Mr.  Henwood 
4th,  with  Florence  ;  Pride  of  Penshurst  without  an 
exhibitor's  name  being  5th. 

The  premier  Picotee  was  a  truly  wonderful  bloom 
of  Liddington's  Favourite,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Lakin. 

A  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  T.  Austiss,  Brill,  for  heavy  red  edge  Picotee 
Mary  D.  Austiss,  with  the  way  of  Fellowe's  Morna, 
pure  in  the  ground,  smooth  in  the  petal,  and  with  a 
well  defined  edge  of  red. 


f!oi.ONIAL      J^OTEp. 


MoRTALiTV  IN  Plants,  &c.,  received  at  Natal. 
—  In  the  report  for  1S85  of  the  Natal  Botanic  Society, 
Mr.  Wood,  speaking  of  plants  received,  says  : — "  It 
should  be  remarked  that  of  the  large  number  of  plants 
which  were  dead  on  arrival,  or  died  afterwards,  no 
less  than  sixty,  or  half  the  number,  were  different 
varieties  of  Clematis,  of  which  plant  we  received  a 
large  shipment,  a  few  only  of  which  are  alive  at  the 
present  time,  and  even  these  are  not  doing  well. 

*'  Of  the  seeds  which  failed,  forty-two  packets  were 
received  from  one  correspondent,  only  one  of  which 
germinated,  and  from  another  correspondent  no  seed 
we  have  yet  received  has  shown  any  sign  of  growth. 

*'  This  is  very  disheartening,  and  more  care  should,  I 
think,  be  exercised  in  sending  out  seeds,  as  it  is  worse 
than  useless  to  send  those  which  can  be  of  no  use 
whatever  to  the  recipient.  From  other  correspondents 
most  of  the  seeds  we  have  received  have  germinated 
well,  though  from  different  causes  we  do  not  always 
succeed  in  rearing  the  plants." 

Meteorological  Observations  for  Natal. 

The  following  information,  useful  to  growers  of 
Natal  plants,  is  taken  from  the  abstract  of  the 
meteorological  observations  for  the  year  18S5,  taken 
at  the  Natal  Observatory,  and  published  in  the 
report  of  the  Natal  Botanic  Society  for  1S85.  Read- 
ings at  9  A.M.  : — 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar.     April. 

May. 

June. 

Thermometer 
shade — 

in 

Highest  .. 

95-7 

98.3      94.8 

87.4 

88.  s 

92.6 

Lowest    . . 

59-6 

61.7      51.9 

50.0 

47.1 

43  7 

Mean 

74.6 

76.9 

72.7 

69.9 

64.4 

63.9 

Rainfall        (i 

ches) 

4.40 

2.36 

2.91 

2.13 

,.oc 

0.26 

in 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Thermometer 
shade  — 

Highest  .. 

8s.  B 

84.9 

85.4 

98.9 

88.3 

96.1 

Lowest    . , 

47.3 

47-3 

SO.  I 

54.1 

57.2 

61.3 

Mean 

6,.s 

640 

67.3 

70.8 

73-2 

76.3 

Rainfall       (inches) 

0.03 

0.61 

10.43 

2.75 

3-'5 

4.03 

danger  of  being  exterminated.  I  have  noticed  that 
persons  will  purchase  readily  plants  of  the  up-country 
Yellow  Wood  tree,  P.  latifolius,  which  are  hardly 
likely  to  do  well  on  the  coast,  while  they  neglect 
altogether  this  species,  which  will  thrive  here.  Per- 
haps the  reason  may  be  found  in  the  fact  that  what 
may  be  had  for  the  taking  away  is  little  esteemed, 
while  plants  which  cost  money  are,  of  course,  con- 
sidered to  be  valuable." 

Cedrela  odorata  in  South  Africa  ("West 
Indian  Cedar  "). 
We  have  propagated  during  the  year  as  many  of 
these  plants  as  we  could  from  seed  gathered  in  the 
gardens.  A  small  bag  of  seed  was  also  received  from 
the  Director  of  Kew  Gardens,  but  unfortunately  the 
greater  part  of  it  did  not  germinate,  though  every 
care  was  taken  of  it.  Plants  have  been  sent  to  the 
railway  department  for  planting  along  the  lines  and 
at  the  stations,  also  to  the  Maritzburg  Botanic 
Gardens  for  trial  in  that  locality,  and  have  been  sold 
to  difTerent  applicants.  This  tree  appears  to  be  well 
suited  to  the  coast  districts,  and  grows  rapidly.  One 
which  was  planted  in  the  gardens  in  November,  1884, 
is  now  5  feet  high,  and  I  have  heard  of  some  plants 
in  more  favourable  localities  which  have  attained 
nearly  double  this  height  in  about  the  same  time  ; 
and  it  has  the  great  advantage  that  the  white  ants 
which  destroy  so  many  young  trees  upon  the 
coast,  especially  the  Eucalypti,  do  not  appear  to 
molest  this  one.  J.  M.  IVood,  in  Report  of  Natal 
Botanic  Society. 

PiNUS   SINENSIS    IN    SOUTH    AFRICA. 

This  is  a  tree  which  I  think  will  be  likely  to 
succeed  in  the  colony,  and  as  yet  it  does  not  appear 
to  be  known  here.  I  received  a  small  packet  of  the 
seed  from  Hong  Kong  some  time  ago,  and  plants 
raised  from  it  appear  so  far  to  be  doing  well.  I 
applied  to  Mr.  Ford,  of  the  B.itanic  Gardens,  Hong 
Kong,  for  a  larger  supply,  and  he  very  kindly  sent 
me  quite  sufficient  to  let  the  plant  have  a  fair  trial. 
I  have  distributed  this  seed  to  farmers  and  others  in 
difTerent  parts  of  the  colony,  both  in  the  coast  and 
inland  districts,  and  hope  to  receive  favourable 
reports  of  its  growth  and  progress.  J.  M.  Wood,  in 
Report  of  Natal  Botanic  Society ^ 

Seedling  Araucarias  in  the  Cape. 
The  Curator  of  the  Natal  Botanic  Society,  in  his 
annual  report  for  1885  states  :  —  "  Two  species  of 
Araucarias  in  the  gardens  have  borne  fruit  for  several 
years,  but  the  seeds  have  always  been  infertile. 
During  last  season  one  of  the  trees  of  A.  Cunning- 
hami  bore  seeds  which  germinated,  and  the  gardener 
has  succeeded  in  rearing  a  few  plants  from  them  ; 
these  are,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  the  first  Araucarias 
reared  from  seed  in  the  Colony.  The  age  of  the  tree 
which  produced  the  seed  I  am  unfortunately  unable 
to  ascertain  with  certainty,  but  I  believe  it  to  be  about 
twenty-6ve  years." 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDOa\, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  August  4,  1886. 


Native  Trees  of  the  Cape. 

Mr.  Wood,  the  Curator  of  the  Natal  Botanic 
Society,  states  in  his  annual  report : — 

'*  When  Sir  H.  E.  Bulwer  visited  the  gardens  prior 
to  his  departure  from  the  colony,  he  suggested  that  it 
would  be  advisable  to  set  apart  a  portion  of  the 
ground  solely  for  native  trees.  I  po'nted  out  to  His 
Excellency  that  we  have  already  in  cultivation  many 
of  our  indigenous  trees,  and  that  we  are  constantly 
adding  to  the  number.  Whether  it  is  practicable  to 
reserve  part  of  the  small  area  still  available  for  this 
purpose  is  a  matter  that  will,  I  think,  require  further 
consideration,  though  I  shall  lose  no  opportunity  of 
procuring  seeds  or  plants  of  our  indigenous  trees  or 
shrubs  to  add  to  our  collection. 

"  Amongst  others,  the  coast  *  Yellow  Wood,'  Podo- 
carpus  eloDgata,  THer.,  if,  I  think,  worthy  of  pre- 
servation,  as,  in  the  vicinity  of  Durban  at  least,  it  Is  in 


HygTOme- 
tncal    De- 

a 

Barohbtbr. 

Tkmpbratube  of 
THE  Air. 

ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  Ttli 

Edition. 

Wind. 

:f 

i 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

Departure  from 
Average  ot 
.8  year,. 

* 

1 

1 

lit 

m 

r  a  ^ 

3.1 

1 
Q 

hi 

II 

n 

'■S 

1 

July 

In. 

In. 

=  1  .    1   .   1   . 

. 

In. 

'9 

298s 

-fo.09 

6,.0|S.-8U.26<..3 

-20 

S>.5 

?■ 

S.S.W.  0.00 

30 

2956 

-0.20 

74,o5S.O|I9  o]63  8 

-»-  15 

582 

8: 

S.S.W.  0.00 

,3- 

2956 

-0.2= 

68.5 

SS  6  12.9,60  4 

-   I95'.o 

7> 

VVNW,  0,06 

•'■ 

29.63 

-0.13 

67.0 

SO  017  058  9 

—  3.449  0 

68 

S.W. 

0.16 

29  53 

-0.M 

62.1 

55. 4  6.757.2 

-  S  •  49  6 

75 

N.W. 

002 

29.90 

-t-<"5 

68.6 

49.918  7'57.2 

-5.4..6 
-  S-fi'T 

62 

N.W, 

0.00 

21)94 

-1-0.19 

63.9Soo]>3  9's6.S 

90 

S.W. 

0.00 

^— 





—  ~-~'\ 1 , ^j 

Mean 

.971 

-0.05 

S7.6s>.5|i5.i|59..|_  a.iijo.S 

" 

S.W  ; 
N.W. 

o.»4 

Ay<?vsT.  7T,t^6,y. 


THE     GARDENERSk  CHRONICLE. 


187 


July  29. — Fine,  but  frequently  cloudy  and  dull. 
— '    30. — Mostly  cloudy  and  dull,  but  fine  occasionally. 

—  31.— Rain  early  in  the  morning,   afterwards  fine    and 

bright ;  dull  night. 
Aug.    I. — Fine  morning,  rain  after  s  P.M. 

—  2.— Dull  morning,  with  rain  :  fine  afternoon. 

—  3.— Fine  day,  frequently  bright  and  cheerful. 

—  4.— Moderately  fine  morning,  chiefly  dull,  but  fine  day 

and  night. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  July  31,  the  reading  of  the  barometer  at 
the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  29.69  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29.48  inches  by  g  A.M. 
on  the  26th,  increased  to  30.12  inches  by  I  p.m. 
on  the  28th,  decreased  to  29.68  inches  by  5  P.M.  on 
the  30ih,  and  was  29.78  inches  at  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29  78  inches,  being  0.04 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.15  inch  lower  than 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  74°  on  the  31st ;  on  the  27th 
the  highest  was  60°.  4.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  67^.6. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  4S°7,  on 
the  28th;  on  the  31st  the  lowest  was  55°6.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
52-5. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
19°,  on  the  30th  J  the  smallest  was  6°.  6  on  the  27th. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  15°.!. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  60^.2  on  the 
25th  ;  6o°.7  on  the  26th  ;  55°.5  on  the  27th  ;  54°  on 
the  28th  ;  6o°.3  on  the  29th  ;  63°.8  on  the  30lh  ; 
and  60°. 4  on  the  31st,  and  these  were  all  below 
their  averages,  with  the  exception  of  the  30tb,  which 
was  i°.5  above,  by  2°,  I°.5,  6°.7,  8°. 2,  2°  and  I'.g 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  59°.  3. 
being  5°.4  lower  than  that  of  last  week,  and  3°  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  126°  on  the  30th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  116°, 

Rain, — Rain  fell  on  three  days  to  the  amount  of 
0.85  inch, 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing  July  24,  the  highest  temperatures  were  76'  at 
Cambridge,  74°  at  Blackheath,  72°  at  Brighton  ;  the 
highest  at  Hull  and  Preston  was  66%  at  Bradford, 
64°.6,  and  at  Newcastle  62°.  The  general  mean  was 
68°.2. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  3S°.9  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 42°  at  Hull,  45°. 7  at  Blackheath;  the 
lowest  at  Pteston  was  50°,  at  Leeds  was  49°,  and  at 
Brighton  was  48".  8.     The  general  mean  was  46°.  2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Wolverhampton,  32°.6, 
at  Cambridge  30°,  and  at  Blackheath,  28°.  3  ;  the 
least  ranges  were  16°  at  Preston  and  Newcastle, 
i6°.8  at  Bradford.     The  general  mean  was  22°.  2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  70°.8,  at  Brighton,  69°.!,  and 
at  Blackheath,  67°.6  ;  was  lowest  at  Newcastle, 
59°. I,  at  Bradford,  6o°.2,  and  at  Liverpool,  61°. 
The  general  mean  was  64°.  3. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  54°.3,  at  Truro  53°.9,  and  at 
Plymouth  53°.  2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
48°.!,  at  Hull  49°.3,  and  at  Newcastle  50°.  I .  The 
general  mean  was  51°.  6. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, I5°.3,  at  Blackheath  15°.  I,  and  at  Brighton 
14°. 8  ;  and  was  least  at  Newcastle  and  Bradford,  9°.!, 
and  Liverpool  9°. 5.     The  general  mean  was  I2°.7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton, 
59°.9,  at  Cambridge  59°.3,  and  at  Truro  5S°.2  ;  and 
was  lowest  at  Newcastle,  59°.9,  at  Sheffield,  53°.$, 
and  at  Bradford  53°.9.     The  general  mean  was  56°. 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  4.26  inches  at  Leeds, 
3  36  inches  at  Bradford,  and  2.25  inches  at  Preston  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.56  inch  at  Truro,  0.60 
inch  at  Brighton,  and  0.85  inch  at  Blackheath.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  1.64  inch. 

Scotland:  Temperature. — During  the  weekend- 
ing July  31,  the  highest  temperature  was  73°.3,  at 
Paisley  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  highest  was  61°.  The 
general  mean  was  66", 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  39°.  5.  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Aberdeen  the  lowest  temperature  was 
45°.     Th«  general  mean  Was  41°.  7. 


The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
56°.!  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  52°.!.  The  general 
mean  was  54°.3. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  0.64  inch  at  Aberdeen, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.20  inch  at  Dundee. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.41  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  August  2,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  OfBce,  ii6,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. :  —  The  weather  has  continued  in  a 
very  unsettled  condition  generally,  with  cloudy  or 
overcast  skies  and  occasional  falls  of  rain. 

The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  deficit  ranging  from  -1'  in  the  "  Channel 
Islands,"  and  three  in  the  south  and  south-west  of 
England  to  as  much  as  5'  in  all  other  parts  of 
England,  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  the  east  of  Scot- 
land, and  to  6°  in  "  Scotland,  N."  The  highest  of 
the  maxima,  which  were  registered  on  different  days 
in  the  various  districts,  ranged  from  74"  in  ''England, 
S.,"  to  63°  in  "Scotland,  W.,"  and  to  57°  in 
"Scotland,  N."  On  July  27  the  daily  maxima  at 
nearly  all  of  our  stations  were  below  60°.  The 
lowest  of  the  minima,  which  were  generally  recorded 
either  on  Tuly  28  or  29.  ranged  from  30°  in  "  Scotland, 
N."  (at  Wick),  to  38' in  ihe  "Midland  Counties," 
and  39°  in  "England,  S.W."  and  to  51°  in  the 
"  Channel  Islands." 

Rainfat/h^s  been  more  than  the  mean  in  "Scot- 
land, N.,"  and  "Ireland,  S.,"  and  equal  to  it  in 
"England,  N.W.,"  but  rather  less  in  all  other  districts. 

Bright  sunshine  has  not  differed  materially  from 
that  recorded  last  week,  the  percentages  of  the  pos- 
sible amount  of  duration  ranging  from  19  in  "Scot- 
land, N.,"to  39  in  "England,  N.W.,"  and  42  in 
the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  observed. — Barometric  pressure  over 
our  islands  and  their  neighbourhood  has  continued 
in  an  unstable  condition,  the  mercury  being  highest 
over  Spain  and  ihe  South  of  France,  while  several 
small  shallow  depressions  have  travelled  from  the 
westward  over  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  North 
Sea.  Moderate  to  fresh  breezes,  from  the  southward, 
as  Ihe  disturbances  advanced,  and  from  the  westward 
or  northward  as  they  passed  away,  have  consequently 
been  prevalent  on  most  parts  of  our  coasts  ;  in  the 
extreme  north,  however,  moderate  easterly  airs  were 
experienced  on  July  30. 


©Jjttttars. 

Mr.  Thomas  Bush. — Many  of  our  readers  will 
learn  with  regret  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Thomas  Bush, 
of  the  Gotham  Nurseries,  near  Bristol,  formerly  a 
partner  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Parker,  of  St. 
Michael's  Hill.  The  death  was  the  result  of  an 
accident  which  occurred  recently.  Mr.  Bush  was 
driving  with  a  friend  to  his  nursery  at  Brentry,  when 
his  horse  stumbled  on  a  stone  near  the  hill  at  West- 
bury  and  fell,  so  suddenly  and  with  such  force  that 
Mr.  Bush,  who  was  driving,  was  thrown  over  the 
animal's  head.  He  was  forty-five  years  of  age,  and 
of  a  most  unassuming  manner,  yet  frank  and  genial 
— these  qualities  being  allied  to  a  generous  disposi- 
tion and  ever-pleasing  address,  which  won  him  a  very 
large  circle  of  friends  who  will  lament  his  loss.  He 
was  well  known  as  one  of  the  most  skilled  florists  in 
the  western  counties,  and  had  a  thoroughly  practical 
knowledge  of  the  various  branches  of  the  florist's  art. 


"  He  thai  guestioftetk  muck  sluill leant  much."— Bacok. 

Notice  to  Leave. — Will  some  reader  kindly  say  what 
notice  of  dismissal  a  gardener  could  legally  claim  who 
has  received  his  salary  half-yearly  only,  and  where  no 
arrangements  of  any  kind  were  made  when  engaged, 
only  that  wages  should  be  paid  half-yearly?  Also,  has 
it  been  decided  in  any  ourt  of  law  that  a  gardener  is  a 
domestic  servant  ?  H.  P. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Grapes  :  Did.\  The  berries  are  affected  with  rust 
caused  by  the  sun  shining  on  them  when  wet.  Cold 
draughts  ot  air  will  also  cause  the  appearance  at 
ceriam  stages. 

LuzuLA  ALEIDA  ;  P.  ^.  %  .  We  ^""not  suppose  this 
plant  to  be  indigenous  in  your  district,  but  it  may 
have  been  brought  from  fotelgn  sources. 

Nakvb  ot  Plantb  :  j4.  B.  Chrysanthemum  seyetum.— 


G.  A.  I,  Achillea  Millefolium  ;  2,  Butomus  umbellatus  ; 
3,  Malva  moschata ;  4,  Erythraea  Centaurium  ;  5, 
Solidago  virga  aurea  ;  6,  Verbascura  Elattaria. — 
R.  J.  W.  Lotus  corniculatus,  double-flowered 
variety. — J.  R.  i,  Aerides  quinquevulnerum  ;  2.  Gna- 
phalium  arenariura  ;  3.  Hieracieum  aurantiacum,  alias 
"Jim  the  Collier." — J.  H.  Apparently  the  American 
water  weed,  Anacharis  alsinastrum,  but  the  specimen 
was  withered. — F.  W.  B.  Eupatorium  glechomifolium. 
—  W.  W.  Nerium  Oleander.  We  do  not  give  florists' 
names.  For  the  names  of  the  Pelargoniums  you 
should  apply  to  some  nurseryman  who  grows  them 
largely.—/'.  T.  L.  t,  Bromus  asper  ;  2,  Juniperus 
communis,  the  common  juniper  ;  5,  Matricaria  in- 
odora.  —  J.  S.  An  Eryngium,  probably  E.  ame- 
thystinum.— y.  E.  D.  Lilium  testaceum.-— //.  D.  i, 
Liiium  Hansom?  ;  2,  L.  canadense.  Both  specimens 
were  withered  beyond  certain  recognition. —  W.  A. 
Dendrobium  longicornu.— (7.  A.  Trachelium  cceru- 
leum. 

Rating  :  J.  Searle.  You  will  find  as  much  information 
as  is  necessary  in  our  columns  for  1877,  vol.  viii., 
p,  261  ;  1883,  vol.  XX..  p.  45  :  1885,  vol.  xxiii..  p.  678  ; 
1885,  vol.  xxiv.,  pp.  155,  183,  498,  720,  758,  816.  par- 
ticularly in  the  two  first  references. 

Roses  :    W.  B.    AU  the  blooms  should  be  fully  grown. 

Weed-heap  :  C.  D.  If  you  could  mix  a  quantity  of 
stable  litter  with  the  weeds,  so  as  to  set  up  a  heat,  say 
about  100"  Fahr.,  the  weed  seeds  and  roots  would  be 
killed,  and  the  material  would  be  rendered  better  fitted 
for  plant  food,  and  could  be  dug  in  after  having  been 
turned,  and  allowed  to  ferment  a  second  time,  for  a 
week  or  thereabouts.  You  could  keep  in  much  of  the 
ammonia  given  off  by  the  fermentation  by  covering 
with  3  or  4  inches  of  soil  well  patted  down  with  the 
spade,  or  you  might  mix  wood-ashes  or  a  little  salt 
with  the  weeds,  or  water  the  heap  with  the  contents 
of  the  manure-tank  before  wheeling  on  the  quarters. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

James  Dickson  &  Sons,  108,  Eastgate  Street,  Chester 
— Bulbous  Flower  Roots,  &c. 

L,  Spath,  Rixdoy,  BerUn — Flowering  Bulbs.  &c. 

Alfred  Legerton,  5,  Aldgate,  London,  E. — Whole- 
sale List  ot  Dutch  and  other  Flower  Roots. 

W.  Baylor  Hartland,  Cork — Ve  Original  Little 
Booke  of  Daffodils,  Oxlips,  &c. 

DiCKSONS  &  Co.,  I,  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh,  N.B. 
— Flower  Roots. 

G.  E.  Elliott,  97.  Bradford  Road,  Huddersfield— 
Flower  Roots,  &c. 

Jules  de  Cock.,  Faubourg  St.  Lievin,  Ghent — Trade 
Catalogue  of  Plants. 


Communications  Received.— A.  B.— H.  W.  \V.  (many  thanks 
— suggestions  under  consideration — short  note  on  the  two 
places  mentioned  desirable). —L.  B.,  Yokohama  (many  thanks). 
M  L..  Baden  Baden.— j.  D.  H.^W.  M.  B.^W.  S.  T.  P.— 
J.  M.-K.  and  B.-A.  B.-E.  W.  (ne.vt  week).— W.  N.— 
G  G.— C.  E.  F.-De  Marr.— J.  O'B.— H.  E.— W.  Little.— 
E.  V.  S.— C.  E.  F. 


larKels* 


COVENT    GARDEN,    August   5. 
Supplies  not  quite  so  heavy  this  week,  and  prices 
better  all  round.      yames    Webber,     Wholesale    Apple 
Market, 

Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Cherries,  J^-siev< 
Currants,  J^-sievi 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  case 
Melons,  euch 

Veg 


.  d.   s.  d,  I  s.  d.   s.  d 

30-8  o  I  Peaches,  per  dozen...  2  0-15  c 
2  3-  3  o  I  Pears,  per  dozen  ..  i  o-  i  ( 
16-20  Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  2  o-  3  ( 
10-301  —  Sl  Michael,  each  2  6-  8  c 

18  0-36  o    Strawberries,  per  lb.  o  3-  o  t 


-Average  Retail  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 
Artichokes,  per doz..  40-.. 
Asparagus.  Eng.,  100    20-50 
Beani.  Kidney,  lb...  o  8-  .. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch..   06-.. 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle.  .16-20 
Cucumbers,  each    ..06-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .   10-20 
Herbs,  per  bunch   ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch   ..  03-  ., 
Lettuce,  per  dozen-.   10-16 
Mint,  green,    bunch  04-.. 
PoTATOs  :  —  Jersey  best  Kidneys,  6s.  ;  do.  Rounds,  4s.  ;  Kent 
Kidneys,  5J.  to  65.  :  do.  Rounds,  ^s.  per  cwt. 


Mushrooms,  punnet  16-26 
Mustard  and  Cress.do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-40 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ..    40-50 

,,  kidney,  per  cwt  40-50 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  o  q 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-.. 
Sprue  Asparagus,  per 

bundle        ..  ..10-.. 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  09-  .. 
Turnips,  bunch  . .  06-  . . 
Veget.   Mar.,  each.,  o  6-   .. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz 

6  o-iS  0 

Balsams,   per   dozer 

30-60 

Bedding  Plants,  var. 

Oils,  per  dozen     . 

J  0-  2  0 

Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  0 

Bouvardias,  doz 

Calceol.irias,  pei  doz 

40-80 

Cockscombs,     dozer 

30-60 

Cypems,  per  dozen. 

4  0-12  0 

per  Anztn  .. 

30  0-60  0 

—  vindis,  per  doz. . 

12    0-54    0 

Euonymus,    in  var. 

per  dozen  . . 

Evtrgreens,  in  var. 

6  o-!i4  0 

Ficus  elaetiea  sieh. 

I5-70 

rems.  in  var.,  dtnen 

4  0-18  t> 

Liii 


!    0-30    < 


Lobelias,  per   do: 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-12  < 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  o-  6  < 
Musk,  per  dozen  . .  2  o-  4  < 
MjTtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  c 
Nasturtiums,  dozen  3  o-  6  t 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  c 
Pelargoniums,  dor.  6  0-13  c 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  o-  6  c 
Petunias,  dortn  . .  »  o-  6  o 
RhodantHfef,  dnren..  60-90 


1 88 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[August  7,  1886. 


Cut  Flowers.— Avbragk  Wholbsalb  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  lablms.  40-6 
Asters,  12  blooms  ..  03-0 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  06-1 
Campanulas,  12  bun.  4  o-  c; 
Carnations,  12  blms.  10-3 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  16-3 
Daisies,  common,    12 

bunches     ..  ..    2  o-  ^ 

Delphiniums,  12  bun.  3  o-  ( 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  2  6-  . 
Forget-me-Nol,      or 

Mvosotis,  12  bun.  2  o-  . 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2  o-  . 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  6-  < 
Lapageria,  red,  12  bl.  10-: 
Liliuin  candidum,  12 

blooms        ..  ..06-: 

Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms  ..  ..40-* 


Mignonette,  12  bun, 
Pansies.  12  bunches 
Pelargoniums,  p«r  12 

—  scarlet,  i*2*tniss« 
Pinks,     various,      12 

Pyrethrums 
Rhodanthes, 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz. 

—  red,  per  dozen  . . 

—  outdoor,  12  bun. 
Stephanotis,  12  spys. 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun. 
Sweet  Sultan,  1 2  bun 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun 


zbun. 


SEEDS. 


London  :  August  4. — Messrs.  )ohn  Shaw  &  Sons, 
Seed  Merchants,  0137,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  write  that  the 
seed  market  to-day  was  of  quite  a  holiday  chiracter, 
and  very  little  business  was  transacted.  For  sowing 
white  Mustard  there  is  a  good  demand,  and  prices  are 
consequently  rather  firmer.  New  Tritolium  is  now 
offering  at  very  moderate  figures,  orders  from  the 
country  are  coming  forward  freely.  The  recent  advance 
in  white  Clover  is  well  maintained,  owing  to  the  adverse 
reports  of  the  new  crop  which  continue  to  be  received 
from  Germany.  Boiling  Peas  still  find  favour  Hemp 
and  Canary  seed  are  both  very  dull  of  sale.  Rape  seed 
also  moves  off  slowly  at  late  rates.  Feeding  Linseed  is 
steady. 

CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  A^i^t.. — This  being  a  Bank  Holiday 
there  was  no  business  done  on  the  Corn  Exchange. 

Aug.  4. — The  market  opened  with  a  very  thin  at- 
tendance, and  extreme  dulness.  There  appeared  to  be 
a  foregone  conclusion  that  nothing  was  to  be  done,  and 
virtually  nothing  was  done  throughout  the  day.  Wheat 
could  only  have  been  forced  off  at  cheaper  rates.  Flour 
was  in  about  the  same  position  as  Wheat.  The  imports 
of  Wheat  and  flour  into  London  this  week  are  fair,  but 
into  the  Kingdom  last  week  they  showed  a  further 
decrease,  and  again  fell  considerably  short  of  last  year 
at  the  corresponding  period.  For  spring  corn  prices 
remained  nominal  in  the  absence  of  sufficient  business  to 
test  the  current  value. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Aususf  4. — Good  sup- 
plies continue  to  arrive,  and  meet  with  a  good  demand 
at  fair  rates.  Prices  ; — Cherries,  2j.  to  2J.  6d,  per  basket  ; 
red  Currants,  2J.  to  2s.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  black  Currants, 
2J.  to  2J.  6d.  do.  ;  Apples,  u.  6d.  to  2s.  per  half  sieve. 
Vegetable  Marrows,  2s.  to  31.  per  dozen  ;  Scarlet  Beans, 
3i.  6d.  to  4J.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  Cabbages,  3J.  to  45.  per 
tally  ;  Peas,  zs,  6d.  to  4J.  6d.  per  bag  ;  bunch  spring 
Onions,  4s.  6d.  to  5^.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  ditto 
Carrots,  zs.  do. 

Stratford:  August^. — The  market  has  been  well 
supplied,  and  a  fair  trade  was  transacted  at  the  under- 
mentioned prices  : — Cabbages.  21.  to  4J,  per  tally  ;  Tur- 
nips, IS.  6d.  to  2J.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Carrots,  cattle 
feeding,  u.  to  2j.  do.  ;  Apples,  2J.  6d.  to  35.  per  bushel  ; 
Cherries,  5.^.  6d.  to  6s.  per  half-sieve  ;  berries,  li.  6d.  to 
2J.  per  half-sive  ;  ditto  3J.  to  4J,  per  bushel ;  Apples, 
IS.  6d.  to  2r.  6d.  per  half-sieve  ;  green  Peas,  31.  to  5^. 
per  fiat  ;  black  Currants,  3^.  to  $s.  6d.  per  half-bushel  ; 
do.  red,  2s.  6d.  to  3^.  do.  ;  Cucumbers,  English,  is.  6d. 
to  3J.  pel  dozen  ;  Marrows,  is.  6d.  to  2.t.  6d.  per  dozen  : 
Broad  Beans,  zs.  6d.  to  35.  per  bag  ;  Scarlet  Beans,  4^. 
to  6s.  per  bushel. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  .^w^.  3.— There  were 
good  supplies,  but  a  slow  trade  at  late  rates. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Aug.  4.  —  Quotations  : 
— Essex  Regents,  31.  to  4J  ;  Myatt's,  4^.  to  4J.  6d. ; 
Shaws,  3J.  to  3J.  6d.;  jersey,  4^.  to  $s.;  St.  Malo,  3;.  to 
$s.  6d.  per  cwt. 

Stratford:  Aug.  3.— Quotations  :  —  Early  Rose, 
65J.  to  75s,;  Hebron,  88s.  to  90J. ;  Regents,  iioj.  to 
120J.  per  ton. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Aug  3.— Supplies  fair,  with  an  ex- 
ceedingly dull  trade.  Quotations  :  —  Clover,  prime, 
901.  to  io8j.  ;  inferior,  70J.  to  85J.  ;  hay,  prime,  yos. 
to  94 J.  ;  inferior,  45J.  to  651.  ;  and  straw,  2js.  to  371. 
per  load. 


Cumberland  (Regent's  Park) :  Aug.  3.  —  A  large 
supply,  but  few  buyers,  and  prices  in  favour  of  buyers. 
Quotations  : — Clover,  best,  901.  to  103J.  ;  seconds,  751. 
to  851.  ;  hay,  best,  841.  to  94i.  ;  seconds,  701.  to  8oj.  ; 
and  straw,  301.  to  36s.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Aug.  3.— Quotations :— Hay,  80s.  to 
I  los.  ;  Clover  90J.  to  iioj.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  355. 
per  load. 

Govermnent  Stock-— Consols  closed  on  Tuesday 
and  Wednesday  at  ioi|  to  loii  for  both  delivery  and 
the  account.  The  final  quotations  of  Thursday  were 
loij  to  loij  for  both  transactions. 


BOULTON   &   PAUL   NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powerful  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 

This  implement  is  most 
useful  in  large  gardens  ;  is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread- 
er for  distributing  water  or 
liquid  manure.  Waterpots 
and  pails  can  be  filled  when 
the  spreader  is  not  in  use. 

Cash  Price — Carriage  Paid. 

Complete  (s^galls.)  £5  tos. 


IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

tubing  . .  iz;.  6d. 
tubing  ..  155.  od. 

Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


No  66  for  200  ft.  K- 
No  67  for  2CO  ft.  ^8- 
No   68  for  200  ft.  K- 


Cash  Prices. 

i8-gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  j^t  121. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva* 
nised  Steel  Tank,  £2. 

36-gall.    Barrow,    with    Oak 

Tub,  £2  2S. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  NORWICH. 


WARNER'S     WINDMILLS   for    PUMP- 
ING, DRAINAGE,   or  IRRIGATION.        Nothirg 
better  in  favourable  posi'inns. 


Gol 

Testii 


W\RNERS   STAR  WINDMILLS 
nd  Silver  Medals  awarded,  Calcutta  Exhibition,  1883-4. 
•onial  from  a  Fndt  Grmver  ivlure  it  gives  great  satis- 
faction  —  ivorki  ivith  very  light  breeze. 

"  Sivanley^  Kenty  October  18,  1883. 

"Gentlemen, — lam  glad  to  be  able  to  inform  you  that  the 

Wind  Engine  you  fixed  for  me  about  a  year  ago  gives  great 

satisfaction,  as  it  is  very  seldom  that  there  is  not  enough  wind 

to  work  it,  as  it  works  with  a  very  light  breeze,  except  in  one 

direction,  where  trees  shelter  it  too  much.— Yours  tiuly, 

"Messrs.  J.  Warner  &  Son?.'*  "  H.  STAPLES. 

Testimonial  from  a  Scotch  Laird,  who  says  it  is  luorklng 

admirably—a  decided  success— saves  laborious  "work. 

"  Island  of  Coll,  Argyllshire,  N.B.,  October  15. 1883. 

"  Dear  Sirs. — I  enclose  a  cheque  in  payment  of  account  for  the 

Windmill,  which  is  working  admirably.     So  far  it  is  a  decided 

success,  and  the  previous  hand-pumper  is  saved  much  laborious 

work.— Yours  truly,  "JOHN  JAMES  STEWART. 

"  Messrs.  John  Warner  &:  Sons." 
Prices  and  Catalogue  upon  application.withdata  of  requirements. 
JOHN  WARNER  and  SONS,  Crescent  Foundry,  Cnpple- 
gate,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  the   Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the- 
Naze,  Essex 

To  be  obtained  of  every  Irtmmonger  and  Plumber 
in  tlte  Kingdom. 


VAN    BOX,    covered,   suitable    for    Market 
Work  ;  well  made  and  nearly  new.     Price  ;^3s. 
COWLES,  Woodford  Green,  Essex, 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labeh, 
Virgin    Cork,     Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
Worjc,  Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 

BAMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 
should  be  without  it.   Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
and  easily  manufactured. 

P.  B.   HARKIN.  Importer,  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 

LAGSTONE     EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or    Walks  under    Trees.       Prices,    Zd.,    lod., 
ts.  per  yard  run. 
The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Yorks. 


F 


nnRADE     ONLY.  —  JOHN     SHAW    and 

-*-  CO.,  30  and  31,  Oxford  Street,  Manchester,  Manu- 
facturers of  Tiffany,  Netting,  and  all  other  Shading  and 
Protecting  Materials.  No.  1  TIFFANY,  20  yards  long, 
38  inches  wide,  in  not  less  than  10  pieces,  2j.  each.  No.  2 
TIFFANY,  ao  yards  long,  38  inches  wide,  mineralised,  in  not 
less  than  10  pieces,  2$.  ^d.  each.  Cash  with  order.  Price  Lists 
on  appUcation.     Special  prices  for  large  quantities. 

Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,    i  yard   wide,   j^. ; 
2  yards,  i\^d.  \    4  yards,  ^d.       A  considerable  reduction 
on  quantities  of  500  yards  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 
My  first  parcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
prime  quality.     Prices  on  application. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Registered  Telegraphic  Address— JATEA,  LONDON. 

First  Arrival  New  Archangel  Mats  this  Season 

J      BLACKBURN     and     SONS    are    now 
•     prepared  to  quote  Prices  to  Buyers  on  application  at 
4and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  London,  E.C. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchaints,  and  Florists. 
T      BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 

O  •  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street,  London.  E.C. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


-    *»^»W!W^ 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  \s.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

from  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  Tlte  RyUys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill  Ironworks^  near  Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
1^6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

(lae    RicHAKD    Morgan    &    Sons). 

Established  Haifa  Century. 

The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King. 

dom,  supply  the  purest  Anthracite  for  Horticultural  purposes. 

COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 

London  Offices    arul   Depot,   3,    Mileage  Station, 

Paddlngton,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co.  will  be  pleased  to  furmsh 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 

GARDEN  HOSE. 


HOSE  and  REELS,  I    GARDEN  ROLLERS, 

WATER  BARROWS,  PLANT  TRUCKS, 

GARDEN  ENGINES,  |    WHEELBARROWS. 

TUBE      WELLS     and  WATER      PIPES 

ROSERIES,  I    HANGING  BASKETS. 

ROSE  FENCING,  WIRE  WORK  SCREENS, 

GARDEN  ARCHES,  WIRE  TRELLIS,  &c 


R.    H  O  LLI  DAY, 

HORTICULTURAL  IRON  and   WIRE    WORKS, 
BEAUFORT    STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 


August  7,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


189 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING.    PRACTICAL   AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPOR  TS  of  EXHIBITIONS,  RE  VIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NO  TICES  of  all  HOR  TICUL  TURAL 

MA  ITERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

Original  Illustrations  by 


ADLAM  (H.).  Natal 

ANDERSON  (J.) 

ANDR    IE.),  Paris 
ANTOINE  IF.),  the  late,  Vienna 

ATKINS  (J.)         

AUSTEN    (J.),     Witley     Court 

Gardens 

BACKHOUSE  (T),  York 
BADENPOWKLL(H.) 
BADGER  (E.W) 
BAILLIE  (W.  M.),   Luton  Hoo 

Gardens  

BAINES(T.) 

BAKER  (G.)         

BAKER(J.  G.).  F.R  S 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor) . . 

BALL(J,),  F.R.S 

BANCROFT  (G.),  M.D. 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     .. 
BAXTER    (W.     H.),     Botanic 

Gardens,  Oxford 
BEIJERINCK,Dr.,Wag:r.iiigen 
3ENNET  (H.),  M.D.,  Mentone 
BENNETT  (A.  W.) 
BENNETT  (G.).  M.D.,  Sydney 
BENTHAM (the late G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEYCRev.  M.J.),F.R.S. 
BLACKMORE(R.  D.).. 
BLAIR  (T.),  Shrubland  Gardens 
BOISSIER  (E.),  the  late,  Geneva 
BONAVIA(Dr.),  N.  W.  P.  India 
BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J.  T.) 
BOULGER(G.  S.),  F.L.S. 
BOYLE  (Hon.  Mrs.  E.  V.) 
BRADSHAW   (A.),  Waddesdon 

BRIGHT  (the  late'  H.  A.) 
BRITTEN  0).  Biitish  Museum 
BROWN  (N.  E.),  Kew  .. 
BULLEN  (R.).  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow 
BURBIDGE    (F.   W.),   Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
BURVENICH  (Fr.).  Ghent      . . 
CARMICHAEL     \t.    A.     M.), 

Henley-in-Arden 
CARUEL (Professor),  Florence.. 
CASPARY(Prof.),  Koenigsberg. . 

CHALLIS(T.) 

CHITTy(W.),  Pewsey  .. 
CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       . . 
CLARKE  (C.  B.),  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD  (T.  S.),  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (\V.),  Eastnor  Castle 

Gardens 

COOKE  (M.  C.) 

COOMBER  (J  ).  The  Hendre  .. 
COOMBER(W.),  Regent's  Park 
COOPER  (Sir  DAN.,  Bart.)  . . 
CORNU  (Professor  M.),  Director 

ofthe  Jardin  des  Plantes, Paris 
CORREVON  (H.),  (Jeneva  .. 
CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H.  H.). . 
CROSSLING  (R.),  Sl  Pagan's 

Castle  Gardens 
DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN  (A.) 

DEAN(K.) 

DECAISNE  (thelate  Prof.),Paris 
DECANDOLLE(A,),  Geneva.. 
DEHERAIN  (Professor),  Paris. . 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew        

DOD  (Rev.  C.  W.)  ..         .. 

D'GMBRAIN  (Rev.  H.  H.)  .. 
DOUGLAS  U-),  Great  Gearies, 

Ilford 

DOWNIE  0).  Edinburgh 
Crude  (professor),  Dresden  . . 

DRUERY<C.) 

DUCHAR'TRE  (Professor),  Paris 


Special  attention  is  given  to 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 
FORCING.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS.— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 

W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S,   W. 


the  following  subjects  :- 

MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 

G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  W. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VINES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

y.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned :— 

Colonial  Notes. 

DUNN  (M.),  Dalkeith    .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MORREN  (Professor),  Li^ge    . 
MORRIS  (D.),  Jamaica  , , 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Orchids. 

DUTHIE  (J.  F.),  Saharunpore.. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

DYER  (BERNARD)      .. 

Chemical  Analyses. 

MUELLER  (Baron  Sir  FERD 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

DYER  (W,     T.    T.),    Director, 

V,),  Melbourne 

Australian  Plants. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Royal  Gardens,  Kew 

Garden  Botany. 

MURRAY  (G.),  British  Museun 

Plant  Diseases. 

EARLEY(W.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

MURTON  (H.  J.).  Siam 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 

EICHLER  (Professor),  Director 

NAUDIN  (C),  Antibes  ., 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

Imperial  Bot.  (iarden,  Berlin 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

NELSON  (C,  J.),  Orange  Free 

Forestry. 

ELLACOMBE  (Rev.  H.  N). 

Gar 'en  Botany. 

1           State 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

ELWES  (H,  J.) 

Garden  Botany. 

NICHOLSON  (G.),  Kew 

Arboretum, 

ENGELMANN  (the  lateG,),  St. 

O'BRIEN  (JAMES) 
O'BRIEN  (T,) 

Orchid  Culture. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Louis,  U.S.A 

EVANS  (A.),  Lvthe  Hill  Gardens 

Conifers. 

Propagation. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

OLIVER  ICapt,  S,) 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

EVERSHED(H,) 

Garden  Literature. 

OLIVER  (Prof.),  F,R,S, 

Garden  Botany. 

Garden  Botany. 

EWBANK  (Rev.  H,),  Ryde      .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

OLIVEIRA  (J.  D'),  Oporto      .. 
ORMEROD(Miss) 

Foreign  Correspondence 

Garden  Botany. 

FENZI  (Cav.  E.),  Florence       .. 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

Insects. 

Alpine  Plants. 

FINDLAY  (B,),  Manchester     .. 

Practical  Gardening, 

PAGETfSir  JAMES)      .. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

Queensland  Correspondence 

FISH      (D,      T.),      Hardwicke 

PAUL  (GEORGE) 

Floriculture. 

Fruit  Culture. 

Gardens            

Practical  Gardening, 

PAUL(WM.)        

Floriculture. 

FISHER  (Rev.  0.)i 

Roses, 

PFIIZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg.. 

Orchids. 

Practical  Gardening. 

FITCH  (W.  H,),F,L.S. 

Illustrations. 

PHILIPS  (W.) 

Fungi — Plant  Diseases. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  F.R.S. 

Plant  Physiology,  Irids. 

PLANCHON(Prof.),Montpelliet 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

FOWLER  (A.),   Castle  Kennedy 

PLOWRIGHTfC.  B) 

Fungr— Plant  Diseases. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

Gardens           

Practical  Gardening. 

PRESTO  (H.),  Trinidad 

Colonial  Notes. 

Australian  Correspondence. 

ERASER  (J.),  Kew 

Practical  Gardening, 

PVNAERT  (E),  Ghent  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Garden  Botany. 

GIBSON  (WM.) 

Town  Gardening, 

REGEL  (E.),  St.  Petersburg     .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

GILBERT  (J.  H.),  F.R.S. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

REICHENBACH  (Professor)  .. 

Orchids. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

GLAISHERO),  F.R.S. 

Meteorology. 

RICHARDS    (G.    H),  Someriey 

Pomology. 

GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boston 

Garden  Botany, 

Gardens     . . 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

GREEN  (CHARLES)    ., 

Plant  Culture, 

RIDLEY(H.N.),BritishMuseum 

Orchids. 

Garden  Plants. 

0R1EVE(P,),  Bury  St.  Edmunds 
GRINDON  (LEO) 

Practical  Gardening. 

RIVERS  (F.).  Sawbridgeworth.. 

Fruit  Culture. 

Indian  Notes- 

Garden  Literature. 

ROBERTS  (J.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Landscape  Gardening. 

HANBURV(T.),  Mentone       .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

ROBINSON  U,  F,) 

Bees. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

HART  (J.),  Jamaica        .. 

Colonial  Notes. 

RODIGAS(E,),  Ghent   .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Amateur  Gardening. 

HEMSLEY(W.  B.) 

Garden  Botany. 
Practical  GarJenine. 

ROLFE,  Royal  CJardens,  Kew.. 

C^rden  Botany. 

HEMSLEY(A.) 

RUSTU.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchid  Culture. 

HENRY(thelateI.  ANDERSON)Garden  Plants.        " 

SARGEANT(C,  W,),  Boston  .. 

Amencan  Correspondence 

Notes   from  a    Lancashire 

HENRIQUEZ  (Prof.),  Coimbra 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

SAUL  (M.),  York 

Practical  Gardening. 

Plant  Lore.              [Garden. 

HENSLOW(Rev.  G.)    .. 

Vegetable  Physiology, 

SCHOMBURGK(Dr.),  Adelaide 

Colonial  Notes. 

Garden  Botany. 

HOOKER  (Sir  J.  D.),  K.C.S.I, 

Garden  Botany. 

SHEPPARD    (J.),    Wolverston 

HORNER  (Rev.  F.  D.).. 

Florists'  Flowers. 

(jardens             

Practical  C}ardening. 

Orchid  Notes. 

HUDSON      (J.),     Gunnersbury 

SIEMENS(thelateSirW.)F.R,S, 

Electric  Light. 

Gardens             

Flower  Gardening. 

SMEE(A.  H.),  Wallington 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Botany. 

IM     THURN      (EVERARD), 

SMITH  (W,  G.),  F.L,S 

Illustrations— Fungi. 

Landscape  Gardening. 

British  Guiana 

Colonial  Notes. 

SMITH  (T,),  New  Zealand       ,, 

Colonial  Notes, 

INGRAM  (W.),  Belvoir  Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

SMITH  (J),  Mentmore  Gardens 

Practical  Gardening, 

Garden  Literature. 

JACKSON  y.  R.),  KewMuseum 
JOLY  (C),  Paris 

Economic  Botany, 

SORAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau     .. 

Diseases  of  Plants, 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens 

Garden  Botany, 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

JULIAN(RICHD.),  F.R.I.B.A. 
KING  (Dr.),  Director  Royal  Bo- 

Garden Architecture. 

STRICKLAND  (Sir  C.) 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

SURINGAR  (Professor),  Leyden 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Beekeeping. 

tanic  Garden,  Calcutta 

Colonial  Notes. 

SWAN    (W.),    Howick    House, 

Garden  Botany. 

KNIGHT  (H.) 

Practical  (}ardening. 

Preston 

Orchid  Culture. 

Garden  Botany. 

KOLB  (MAX),  Munich  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

SYME  (G,).  Jamaica        .. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

KRELAGE(E.  H),  Haarlem.. 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

THOMAS  (0,),  Chatsworth  Gds, 

Practical  Gardening. 

LANGE  (Prof.),  Copenhagen    .. 
LAVALLfeE  (the  late  ALPH.), 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

THOMSON  (W,),  Clovenfords, . 

Vines. 

Practical  Gardening. 

THURBER(G.),  New  York     .. 

American  Correspondence 

Fungi.                       ~s 

Paris 

Garden  Botany. 

TODARO  (Baron),  Palermo       . . 
TRIMEN(H.),  (icylon  .. 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LAWRENCE   (Sir  TREVOR), 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  (gardening.      - 

President  Royal  Hort.  Soc. . . 

Orchids. 

VErrCH(H.) 

Orchids. 

Australian  Correspondence. 

LEICHTLIN    (MAX),     Baden 

VILMORIN(H),  Paris.. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Baden    

Garden  Plants. 

WALLIS  0-),  Keele  Gardens  . . 

Practical  Gardening. 

LOWNE,  (B.  T.),  F.R.C.S       .. 

Amateur  Gardening. 

WARD(H,W.),  Longford  Castle 

Alpine  Plants. 

LYNCH     (R.     I.),     Cambridge 

Gardens             

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Plants. 

Botanic  Garden 

Garden  Botany. 

WARD  (MARSHALL)  ,. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

MACLACHLAN  (R.),  F.R.S.  .. 

Insects. 

WARINGTON  (R.)        .. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MACOWAN  (Prof.),  Cape  Town 

Colonial  Notes. 

WATSON  (SERENO),   Boston, 

Physiology  of  Plants. 

MANGLES(thelateJ.H.),  F.L.S 

Rhododendrons, 

U.S,A. 

Garden  Botany, 

Practical  Gardening. 

MARIES  (C.)        

Japan  Plants. 

WATSON  (W.),  Kew      .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Floriculture. 

MAW  (G.),  F.L.S 

Crocus— Garden  Plants. 

WATT  (Dr.),  Calcutu     ,. 

Indian  Notes, 

Garden  Botany. 

MEEHAN  (T.),  Philadelphia   .. 

American  Correspondence. 

WEBSTER  0),  Gordon  Castle 

Garden  Botany,  &c. 

MELVILLE     (D.),      Dunrobin 

Garden*           

Practical  Gardening. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Gardens           

Practical  Gardening. 

WEBSTER    (A.    D.),    Penrhyn 

Foreign  Correspondence, 

MICHAEL  (A.  D.). 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

Garden  Insects. 

Castle 

Forestry, 

WEIR  (H),,  Tunbridge  Wells  .. 

Gardening  for  Amateurs. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Banff 

Forestry. 

WESTWOOD  (Professor) 

Insects. 

Garlden  Plants. 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

WILDSMITH    (W,),   Heckfield 

Roses. 

(gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

Gardens,,          

Practical  Gardenine. 

MILLER  (W,),  Combe  Abbey.. 

Practical  Gardening. 

WILLIS(J.  W.),  Harpenden     ,. 
WILSON  (G.  F,),  F.R.S. 

WILSON  (D.)       

WIITMACK  (Dr,),  Berlin 

Chemistry. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MONTEIRO  (Chev.)  Lisbon     .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Lilies,  &c 

Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

MOORE(F,  W.),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic Garden    . . 

Practical  Gafdening, 

Practical  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Ferns. 

MOORE  (T.),   Botanic  Garden, 

WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg 

Foreign  Correftpondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Chelsea.. 

Ferns. 

With  many  others. 

iyb 


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300  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  alt  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

QEOBQE    FABMILOE    St.    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  Loudon,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  applicattem .     Quote  Chronicle. 

E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


PARTNER  WANTED,  in  a  genuine  old- 
esublished  Freehold  Nursery  and  Florist  Business, 
owing  to  a  relirine  partner.  Capital  required,  about  JC4500  ;  cr 
the  whole  to  be  SOLD  as  a  going  concern.— Apply,  personally 
or  by  letter,  to  J.  C.  JENNINGS,  Priory  Nursery,  Acton 
Lane,  Chiswick. 

WANTED,    a    PARTNER,    in   an   Estab- 
li>hed    Business,— X.,    Gardeners'    Chronicle    Office, 
4T    W,.llinBt.)n  .Street.  Strand,  WC. 


Nursery  Partner,  Working 

WANTED,  NUKbERY  WORKING 
PARTNER,  with  some  Capital,  to  develope  a  Pro- 
vincial Nuriiery  — N.  P.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wel- 
l.ngton  >treet.  Strand.  W.C. 


WANTED,  as  HEAD  GARDENER,  an 
active  and  energetic  young  Man  ;  unmarried.  Ex- 
perienced in  ail  branches,  and  of  good  address  —Apply  with  full 
particulars  to  AGENT,  Crosswood  Estate  Office,  Aberystwiih. 

ANTED,  WORKING  GARDENER,  in 

the  Country,  where  there  is  only  a  Greenhouse  with 
Vines  in  it,  and  Cucumber  Frames.  The  family  are  geneially 
in  lesidence  from  middle  of  July  to  middle  of  October,  during 
which  a  lull  supply  of  Veeeiables.  Fruu  and  Flowers  are  re- 
ilLiired.  Assislance  given  while  family  at  home,  an i  at  other 
imes  when  required.  An  honest  active  married  man,  age  30  to 
40,  who  can  have  a  personal  character  for  efficiency  and 
sobriety  from  a  single-handed  p'ace. — Apply  by  letter  to  Z.,  g, 
Halkin  Street  West,  London. 

WANTED,  a  FOREMAN,  to  take  charge 
of   the    Houses, single  ;    thoroughly   experienced  in 

Fruit  and  Plan  Growing  for  Cut  Flowers.  Steady,  active,  and 
ene.geiic.  Good  testimonials  required  ;  bothy.— D.  C. 
POWELL,  The  Gardens.  Powderham,  Exeter. 

WANTED.a  good  OUTDOOR  WORKING 
FOREMAN,  one  well  up  in  General  Nmsery  Work, 
especially  Fruit  Trees  and  Rn-es  —Apply  with  leferencee,  wages 
required,  &c,,  to  JAMES  lOHN  FOS  lER,  The  Nurseries, 
Stanmore. 


WANTED,  a  thoroughly  practical  young 
married  MAN,  of  good  business  habits  (must  be  lully 
competent  in  the  Managemeot  of  Men),  to  proceed  to  Belgium 
to  take  entire  charge  ol  large  extent  of  Glass  for  the  production 
of  Fruit,  &c,  for  Market.  Every  encouragement  will  be  given 
to  a  man  whose  energy  and  success  merits  it. — Send  full  par- 
ticulars to  H.  CANNELL  and  SONS,  Swanley,  Kent, 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  who  has  had  ex- 
perience in  Growing  Orchids  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
Must  be  a  neat  and  methodic d  workman.— JOHN  LEMAN, 
The  Gardens  of  J,  J,  Dawson  Paul,  Esq,,  Newmarket  Road, 
Norwich, 

WANTED     AT     ONCE,    an    experienced 
ROSE-BUDDER  for  Market  Woik.     State  particu- 
lars,—C.  LINDSAY,  Chase  Nursery,  Souihgate,  N. 

ANTED,  a  young  MAN.— Must  have  had 

giod  expeiience  under  GLiss.     Married,  no  family.— 
J,  STREET,  Fulwell  Cottages,  Staines  Road,  Twickenham. 

Carpenter,  &c. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  qualified  and 
efficient  NURSERY  CARPENTER,  with  knowledge 
of  Horticultural  Buildings,  and  with  some  experience  in  Wheel- 
wright's Woik. — Aptjly  by  letter,  stating  full  paiticulars  as  to 
qualifications,  wages,  references,  &c.,  to  F.  A.  DICKiuN  AND 
SONS,  The  Qaeens's  Seedsmen,  Chester. . 

To  FloriatB'  Assistants. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  experienced  young 
LADY,  in  a  City  Shop  —Must  be  quick,  and  well  up  in 
Ecuquels,  Wreaths,  Sprays,  &c. — Slate  full  particulars,  salary 
requued,  &c,,  to  MORlE  &  CO,,  i  and  2,  Fenchmch 
Street,  E,C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  ihat 
they  will  be    able   to  supply  any    Lady   or   Gentleman   with 


particulars,  &c— St.  John's  Nu 


,  Worceste 


rpo     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

X      McIntvrk  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 

undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 

Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  propatCfL 

IIS,  Lislria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N.    >1  A  1^1-^  U u 


AVGUST  7,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


?9i 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  L.ddy,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  All  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirinsany  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  canacities  will  be  made. — Hollowav.  N. 


G 


C:j.ARDENER  (Head).  —  Thomas  Wood- 
*  FiELU,  three  and  a  half  years  Gardener  to  Sir  Henry 
Thompson,  Hurst  Side,  West  Moulsey,  seeks  an  engagement 
with  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  Gardener. 
— T.  W..  The  Gardens.  Hurst  Side,  West  Moulsey.  Surrey. 

.ARDENER  (Head).— Age  z*^,  married,  one 

—  child  (fged  eight)  ;  leaving  tnrough  place  changing 
hands.  Excelleut  references  as  to  character  and  abihty. — 
GAKDENtLR,  LheUwotth  Hall.  Ipswich.  Suffolk. 

C:i  ARDENER  (Head).  —  Middle  age  ; 
^  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Seventeen  years' 
good  character  from  last  situation  in  large  establishment. 
Active  and  industrious.  — 5,  Colubrouk  Place,  Twickenham. 

A  R  D  E  nITr  (Head)  ;    age    28.—  Mr. 

Mitchell,  Head  Gardener  to  Sir  George  Ellior,  Bart., 
M.P.,  Abeiamen  Park.  Aberdeen,  can  confidently  recommend 
his  Foreman  (T.  Tebby)  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  who  may 
require  a  thorough  Dractical  man. 


GARDENER  (Head).  — Age  30,  married; 
seventeen  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  ot 
Gardening  ;  five  and  a  half  years  in  present  situation.  Kxcel- 
lent  references  from  present  and  previous  situations. — J.  E., 
Scampston  Garden,  Riilington,  Yorkshire. 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Mr.  Herbert 
Woods,  Newport  Pagnell,  wishes  to  recommend  his 
Head  Gardener  (a  Scotchman)  to  any  Gentleman  requiiing  one. 
Understands  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  &c.    Full  particulars 

^ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29,  married  when 

^  suited.— R.  Hubbard,  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall, 
Kelteripg,  is  at  hberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man.  Fifteen  years'  experi- 
ence in  good  estabjiahmenis.  Excellent  references  from  past 
and  present  employers, 

(TpVRlJENER  (Head),  in  large  E.stabUshment 

^J  where  a  thoroughly  experienced,  energetic,  and  reluble 
man  is  required. —Age  38;  no  children.  Thirteen  years  Head 
Gardener  in  Noblemen's  and  Gentlemen's  Establishments. 
Thoroughly  competent  in  all  branches,  including  Landscape 
Gardening,  Horticultural  Building,  Drawing  Plans,  &c.  First- 
class  character  and  testimonials.  Total  abstainer.— W.  STAN- 
BURY,  Buchan  Hill,  Crawley,  Sussex. 

/"^.ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married  ; 

V-J  thorough  practical.  Excellent  character.  Total  ab- 
stainer.—W.  M,  PonchenEnd.  Boxraoor.  Herts. 

ARDENER  (Head  WoRKiNG)rwhere  one 

others  are  kept. — Single  ;  thirteen  years'  practical 
P.  J.,  =4.  Hartfield  Crescent.  Wimbledon. 


a 


/  :i  A  R  D  E  N  E  R    (Head     Working).— 

\-^      Thoroughly  capable  ;  understands  Vines,    Peach-huuses, 
Early  and  Late  Forcing. — G.,  51.  Lansdowne  Road,  Croydt 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING).— Age  28. 
Marritd  when  suited  :  experienced  in  all  branches  ;  ' 
recjmmenHed  ;  Churchniau,  and  many  years  Chorister ;  abstai 
—JOHN  TAVLllR.  80.  Cleveland  Road,  Suibiton.  Surrey, 


a  ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35, 
married  when  suited  ;  ihjroughly  practical,  trust wontiy, 
and  energetic.  Excellent  character.— S,  S.,  Messrs.  button  & 
Sons,  Seed  Merchants.  Reaaing.  Berks. 


GARDENER  (Head  \V0RKiNG).~Age  34, 
single  ;  twenty  years*  experience  in  good  establishments. 
Seven  years  in  present  situation.— J.  BUTT,  Torry  Hill,  Sit- 
tingbourne,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35, 
married  :  eighteen  years'  experience  in  Vines,  Peaches, 
Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove,  Greenhouse,  and  Herbaceous 
Plants.  Five  years*  good  character.— S.  WILSON,  Fetcham 
Park,  Leatherheatj,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 

no  family  ;  fourteen  years'  experience.  Thoroughly 
practical  and  trustworthy.  Good  character  from  previous 
employer.  —  GARDENER,  Fuchsia  Cottage,  Hanwoith, 
Middlesex. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  41, 
married,  no  family;  good  practical  knowledge  of 
Gardening  in  all  its  branches.  Fourteen  yctrs'  good  character 
from  his  last  situation.  Reducing  the  establishment  was  the 
cause  of  leaving.— C.  R.  S.,  i6,  Q  leen's  Road,  Sutton,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married  ; 

thoroughly  practical   in    all    branches.  Five  years  in 

present  situation.      Leaving   throueh  death.  Good  character 

and  rtferences.-GARDENER.  The  Manor  House,  ColUer's 
Wood,  Lower  Tooting,  S.W, 

ARD"ENER(Head  WorkingT.— Age  2 7^ 

thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
Two  years'  good  character  ;  leaving  through  death.  Many 
years  chorister,  would  like  to  meet  with  the  same.— G.  A.  Cox, 
The  Gardens.  Aston  Le  Walls.  Byfield.  Northants. 

"(OARDENER    (Head  Working).— 

V_J  Thoroughly  understands  Vines,  Pines,  Peaches,  Straw- 
berries, Cucumbers,  Melons,  Mushrooms,  Roses.  &c ,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Fiist-class  tes- 
tirnonials.— H.    RICHARDSON,    Park   CotUges,    Hurstpier- 

ARDENER  (HEAD  Working),  in  a  place 

where  two  or  three  are  kept.— Age  29  ;  thoroughly 
understands  the  Management  of  Glass-houses  in  every  depart- 
ment, also  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens,  Has  had  fourteen 
years'  training  in  large  gardens,  and  for  the  last  eight  years 
Foreman  in  Nobleman's  places.  Can  be  well  recommended.- 
I.  WATKINS,  4.  Netley  Sueet,  Hampstead  Road,  Regent's 
Park,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  more  are  kept.—  Age  35,  married,  three  children 
(youngest  aged  5) ;  seventeen  years  practical  experience  in  good 
establishments  ;  nine  years  as  Head.  Good  reference  irom 
past  and  present  employers.— H.    SAVAGE,    Adwetl  CotUge, 

/^A^DENERr(HEAD),  or  GARDENER  and 

>— ^      BAILIFF. — Age  40  ;  practical,  with  good  character  and 
length  of  service.— A.  Z..  Bone  Mill,  God -tone  Stadon,  tiurrey. 


C:i  ARDENER  (Head,  or  Single-handed). 
^  —Married  :  understands  Forcing  Fruit,  Flowers,  and 
Vegetables,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  refer- 
ences from  present  and  previous  employers.— J aMES  KING, 
Madeira  Vale,  Bournemouth. 

ARDENER      (Head,    or    good    SlNGLE- 

HANDED).— Age  33,  married  ;  abstainer.  Understands 
Forcing  of  Grapes.  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  &c,  ;  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  experience.  Good  characters. — 
G.  COLLETT,  5.  Weymouth  Street,  Watford,  Herts. 

^.ARDENER.— Age  23,  single  ;    can  be  well 

-*  recommended  for  General  Garden  and  House  Work, 
including  routine  of  Orchid  Culture.- M.,  J.  Healey,  Stationer, 
Norpitun.  S-W, 

/"' ARDENER,  where  two  or  more  are  kept. — 

Vj  Unmarried  ;  thoroughly  practical  and  competent  through- 
out general  routine  of  Gardening  Work,  Inside  and  Out.  Good 
references.— J.  B.,  Mill  Cottages,  bromborough,  Cheshire. 


G 


GARDENER,  no  objection  to  Horse,  where 
man  is  kept. — Three  years  and  eight  months  in  last  situa- 
tion. Left  previous  through  death  in  family.- A.  PRICE, 
High  Street.  Topsnam  near  Exeter 


a 


1  A  R  D  E  N  E  R.— No  incumbrance  ;  thirty 

•    ixperience  in  choice   Fruit  and  Flower  Giowiog, 


Mr.  J.  Burgess,  Ampthill,  Bedfordshire. 


/.^ARDENER  (good  SINGLE-HANDED  or 
V>i  otherwise).— Single,  age  ag  :  has  had  twelve  yeais'good 
experience  in  all  branches.  Can  be  well  recommenced. — 
Address,  stating  wages,  to  C.  S.,  Gardener,  5,  Windsor 
Street,  Uplands.  Swansea, 

/  1  ARUENER  (SINGLE-HANDED),   or   where 

V-*  two  are  kept.— Age  24;  three  yeais*  gwod  character. — 
W.  B.,  Shiubs  Hill,  Sunningdae,  near  Ascot. 


GARDENER      (SINGLE-HANDED,    or    with 
help.)— Age    27,    married  ;    highly    lecommended.- J. 
HIGGS,   HurghHeld.  near  Reading. 


GARDENER(SiNGLE-HANDED,  or  Second), 
in  Gentleman's  estabushment  — Nine  years'  experience  ; 
satisfactory  rea-ous  for  leaving.  Good  character  and  relerences. 
—J.  KEMP,  Great  Warley.  Brentwood.  Essex 

GARDENER  (SECOND),  where  four  or  five 
are  kept.  Indoors  and  Out.— Age  22. — State  wages  to  T. 
TUCKER.  51,  Upper  Park  Road.  Hampstead,  N.W. 

:j.ARDENER    (Second),    Inside   and~Oiit^ 

here  three  or  four  are  kept.— Age  2S,   single  ;  twelve 
patience. —A.  J.,  4,' Sellingcburt  Koad,  Lower  Tooting, 


G 


/;^ARDENER    (Second),  or   in  Flower  and 

VJ  Kitchen  Garden  —Age  30.  married,  no  family.  Good 
knowledge  of  general  loutine.— R.  E.,  The  Grove,  Merton 
Road,  iiouih  Hampstead. 

ARDENER   (UNDER).— Age    22^  ;    seven 

years'    experience,    good    leferences.  —  G.    PREBBLE, 

Saltwood    Hythe.  Kent. 

r:*  ARDENER    (Under,    in   a    Gentleman's 

V-^  Garden,  or  Sincile  handeu) — Age  23;  eleven  years' 
gOfHi  character —G.   A.   BULL.  H.^ushton.  Huniingdonshire 


a 


|AKDENER    (Under).— Age    19;     seven 

years*  experience.     Good  character. — E.  Ot<TON,  Pix, 


ham  Mill,  Dorkine,  Sun 


GARDENER  (Under).— Young  ;  willing  to 
Learn  Gardening.     No  objection  to  give  assistance  else- 
where^—PAL^IER^JVVoodcot^ 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  Estab- 
lishment.— Ten  years'  experience.      Good  references  — 
A.  B.,  44.  Ifield  Road.  West  lirompton,  S.W. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  Establishment.— Age 
24  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can  be  well 
recommended  by  present  and  previous  employers.  Berkshire 
preferred  -C.  SNaW.  The  Gardens.  Albury  Hall.  Ware.  Herts. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  Estab- 
lishment.—Age  24  ;  good  experience  in  Pines,  Peaches, 
Melon?,  Cucumbers,  Vines,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 
Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers.— State 
rariiculars  to  P.  DAY,  The  Gardens,  Longford  Hall,  Stretford 
Manche'ter-  ' 


Tj^UREMAN  (General,  or  Department.-^l). 

-^  —Age  26  ;  ten  years'  expeiience  in  good  establishments  ■ 
knowledge  of  House  Decorations.  Abstainer.  Well  recom.! 
mended.     State  wages  &c  -Devon  Roseries.  Torquay. 


"p'OREMAN    (or  good   Second).— Age   26  ; 

-L       nine  years'  experience  ;  two  years  in  charge  of  Glass  at 

last     place.     Can    be    well    recommended.       Abstainer  B 

HUGHES.  22.  Lancing  Road.  Sheffield. 


PROPAGATOR.— Age  24  ;  seven  years'  ex- 
penence  in  Roses.  Fruit  Irees.  Rhododendrons,  Conifera, 

Clematis,  and  general  Nursery    Stock.     Good  rererences t' 

RIGG,  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.,  Exeter  Nursery,  Exeter.  ' 

PropagatorVgrowerToTunder 

J-  GARDENER.— Fourteen  years'  experience,  Out  and 
Indoors.  Excellent  testimonials.  —  G.  G.,  Chalgrove  House, 
Avenue  Road,  Acton,  London. 


ORCHID    GROWER.— Age  30;    Home   or 
Abroad.— J.    P.    J.,    15,    Malham    Road,  Forest  Hill, 

G"  "ROWER,     or     POTTER,    in    a    Markel 
Nursery.— Age  24  ;  used  to  the  Trade.  Good  references. 
-J.  W,  r;t    Railway  Street.  Southport,  La: 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  all-round  estab- 

^  lishment. — Age  2r  ;  good  reference.  Last  place  eighteen 
months. -C.  BUSWELL,  Eovingdon,  Hemel  Hempstead, 
Herts. 


TOURNEYMAN.— Age  24  ;  eight  years'  ex 

tJ  perience  :  two  years  in  last  situation.  Good  testimoiuals 
— C.  WESrcuTT,  Southbrook,  htarcross. 

TOURNEYMAN. —Age  21  ;  si.\  years'  expe- 

"  rience  ;  two  years  in  last  situation.  Good  references.— H. 
BARTLETT,  Knightley's,  Exeter. 

To  Nurserymen. 

IMPROVER,  in  the   Roses  and  Fruit.— Age 
20  ;  seven  years  in  the  above  branches. — E.  D.,  24,  Eger. 
ton  Street,  Chester. 

TMPROVER.— Situation  wanted  by  a  farmer's 

J-  son;  age  21,  unmarried.  Strong,  active,  and  well  edut:ated. 
Good  general  experience  ;  excellent  references.  —  W.  W., 
Wheeler,  Stationer,  Fakenham. 

TMPROVER,  in  a  good  Garden  ;  BothjTpre^ 

-L     ferred. — .Age   ig,   good  character;  two  and  a  half  years' 

experience.       Small  Premium    given.      Please    state    wages 

H .  STI  VIPSON.  3i.  Pomona  Street.  Sheffield. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden  ;  age 
ig.—  J.  C.  McPhbrson.  Gaidcner  to  Lord  Londes- 
borough,  Northerwood,  Lyndhur^t.  Hants,  would  be  pleased  to 
recommend  a  young  man  as  above  ;  four  years'  experience. 
Bothy  preferred. 

To  "no  B  LEMEN^GENTLEMEN,    and 
GARDENERS.— C.     Fox,    late     Foreman    10    Mr     R. 
Green.  Fljrisl,  London,  at  his  Growing   Establiihment,  seeks  a 
situation    in   a    Private    Establishment.       Good    tharacter  and 
ials._^  Age  _35,     married— C.    F.,    Grosvenor   Cottage, 


1  Rnad,  N.Tth  Hn 


■"PO  GENTLEMEN    and   GARDENERS.— 

-L  Situation  wanted  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.  Used  both  to 
Glass  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good  character.  Age  2t, —  J.  R., 
Garliiige.  Westgate-on-Sea. 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situa- 
tion  in  Nursery  under  Glass,  by  young  man  ;  been  lour 
years  at  the  trade.  Age  20  ;  good  re  erences. — H.,  40,  Mount 
Street.  Southport.  Lancashire, 


'yo  GARDENERS    and    NURSERYMEN. 

-L  ^  _A  young  man  (aged  21)  seeks  a  situation  in  a  Gentle- 
man's Garden  or  good  Nursery,  where  Chrysanihemums  and 
So't-wooded  Plants  are  Grown.— F.,  17,  Spring  Grove,  Ke«r 
Badge.  Middlesex. 


TO  NOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 
GARDENERS. -Wanted,  to  place  mv  son  (age  20)  in  a 
first-cla,s  establishment  ;  Indoors  or  Out.  Three  years' experi- 
ence in  a  Nursery.-A.  GROOM  BRIDGE,  Tothill  Nursery, 
PI  y  mouth. ' 

'"po      SEEDSMEN      and      FLORISTS.— 

1-  Mr.  OSMA.v,  South  Metropjliiaa  Schools.  Sutton,  wi-hes 
to  place  his  Son  m  Seed  and  Floiist's  Business.  Has  liad  (our 
years'  ex,jeiience.     Used  to  Making  Button  Holes,  &c. 

To  GARDENERS,  &c.— J.  CoOK,  Gardener 
to  J.  Floyer,  Esq  .  Staff  ,rd.  Dorchester,  wishes  to 
recommend  a  strong  and  willing  Youth  for  the  Gardens.  Age  16. 
Eighteen  months'  experience. 

AILIFF. — Wanted,  at  Michaelmas,  a  situ- 
ation to  Manage  a  Small  Farm,  Arable  or  Pasture.  Great 
perience.  Good  references. — J.  F.,  Little  Park  Farm, 
..rtimer,  Berks. 


B 


To  Landetl  Proprietors. 

LAND  STEWARD  and  BAILIFF.— The 
Advertiser,  who  for  sixteen  years  had  the  Superintend- 
ence of  a  large  Landed  Estate,  and  has  since  been  Farming  in 
Suffolk,  is  desirous  of  an  engagement  as  above.  Good  Account- 
ant ;  has  a  sound  practical  knowledge  of  Estate  Management, 
and  Farming  in  all  its  branches.  Satisfactory  referer.ces  — 
JOHN  C.  ROPER,  White  House.  Blundeston,  Lowestoft. 

TOHORTICULTURALBUILDERS" 
NURSERYMEN.  &c.— The  Advertiser,  who  has  been 
engaged  for  several  years  reoreseiiting  some  of  the  principal 
firms  in  ihe  Horticultural  B  iilding  and  Heating  business, 
a  good  Draughtsman  and  E-timator,  previously  engaged  in 
Estate  Work  and  Landscape  Gardening,  possessing  good  taste 
and  address,  undeniable  testimonials,  is  desirous  of  a  re- 
eneagement.— H  .  38.  New  Cross  Ro^d    London.  S  E. 

SEEDSMAN,  MANAGING  SHOPMAN.— 

^^  Long  experience  in  Large  Establishments.  Agricultural, 
Vegetable,  Flower  Seeds,  Dutch  Ftower-root.s,  Plan's,  Imple- 
ments, and  Manures.  Good  recommendations— CROPS,  152, 
Houndsditch.  London,  E. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SH  O  P  M  A  N.— Age     27  ;     thirteen    years' 
experience.— QUERCUS.   Gardeneri    Chronicle  Office, 
4r,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

QHOPMAN. — Thirteen   years'  experience  in 

^^  all  branches,  good  reference. — T.  S.  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  4t.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W  C. 

SHOPMAN,  or  otherwise.— Thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade.  Five  years  with  Messrs. 
Webb  &  Sons,  of  Wordsley,  and  other  good  references.— 
W.  J    WILLS.  Audnam,  Stourbridge 

LEDGER  CLERK,  BOOK-KEEPER, 
CASHIER  or  CONFIDENTIAL.  -  Married  :  total 
abstainer,  good  experience,  excellent  lesiimonials  and  references 
Shorthand  Wriler.-H.  R.  HUPTON,  Cranston's  Company! 
King's  Acre.  He'efor.i. " 

TNVOICE   or    NURSERY    CLERK. —  Age 

JL  27  ;  Corresponds  in  the  Scandinavian,  French  and  German 
Languages:  quick  at  Figures  and  Writes  Shorthand.  Highest 
reference  from  previous  emplover.  —  L.,  3,  Northbrook  Villa, 
Hondesdnn    Her.s. 

CARPENTER,  on  a  Gentleman's  Estate- 
Understands  the  Erection  and  Repairs  of  Greenhouses, 
Cottages,  Farm  Buildings,  Painting  ani  Glazing.  First-class 
testimonials.~T.  C  .  Ivy  Cottage.  Wraysbury.  Staines. 

OLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 

—  A  frequent  cause  of  Gout  and  Rheumatism  is  the 
inflammatory  state  of  the  blood,  attended  with  bad  digestion 
and  £eneral  debility.  A  few  doses  of  the  Pills  taken  in  time  are 
an  effectual  preventative  against  gout  and  rheumatism.  Any 
one  who  has  an  attack  of  either  bhould  use  Holloway's  Ointment 
also,  the  powerful  action  of  which,  combinpd  with  the  operation 
of  the  Pills,  must  infallibly  effect  a  cure.  These  Pills  act  directly 
on  the  blood,  which  they  purify  and  improve.  Having  once  sub- 
dued the  severity  01  these  diseases,  perseverance  with  the  Oint- 
ment, after  fomedliog  the  affected  joints  with  warm  brine,  will 
speedily  relax  all  &tiffaess  and  pievent  any  pennaneDt  contraction. 

•\.tK^'yt  ^  'mau.lj  >'/  bus- 


192 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[August  7,  i8M, 


HY.    VAN    &    CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  House  in  the  Trade,  Estd.  1780), 

17,    Tooley    Street,    London   Bridge,    S.E. 


Ilbistmlrd  CA  TALOGUES  Pcsl-f>W- 

PKOTECTION    FOR    FRUIT    AND    FLOWERS. 
GARDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  i\id..  or  per  100  yards, 

loj.  :  ditto,  4  yards  wide,  ^d.,  or  per  100  yard*;,  20s. 
SCRIM  CANVAS,  I  yard  wide,  id.  ;    iK  yardl  4K"'-  ;    and 

z  yards,  6d.  per  yard. 
TIFFANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  31.  ^d.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
RICK  CLOTHS.  TARPAULINS,  Com  and  Potato  SACKS, 

FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 


HORTICULTUKAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &a 

I*' 

i  6 


9  16 

II. 


•?  i 


JAMES  BOYD  &  SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 

HEATING  ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 


2!  X 
d  M 
O  » 

B  t 
■^  w 

?  o 


-WATEB    AFFABATUS  for  WABUXNG  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINQS,  UANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOUS.  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


CONTBACTOB8    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAB    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Inches  to  66  inches  long. 


UPPBK     GKOUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

(TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS— "  HOTWATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  lytk  Edition, price  is. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E. 


PATENT    RELIANCE    ROTART 
VALVES. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london,    w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


1886. 
Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "'^'^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  — 12  Months,  ^l  3^.  10^.;    6  Months,  ii.f.  iia. ;    3  Months,  6^.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  id. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


Prii?Sl  bv  W?^X^  R?r„h^     ^  ^^^.^^  '?.^^=  ^i"°'  •     Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  >t  the  Office.  4.,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
»id  wTlSam  8icHA»n^  ..  Ih,  nK,°  S,*n°  of  Mmsts.  B^buhy.  Acnew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefiiats,  Gty  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  by  tho 

M  WILLIAM  KICHABDS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul'l,  Covent  GanJen,  in  tho  said  County.-SATUREAV.  August  7,  1886.  Agent  for  Manchest«-.IoHN  HlYWOOB. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estatjlisijeti  1841. 


No.  659.-V0L.  XXVI.  {s?K^,:s.}     SATURDAY,  AUGUST  14,  1886.  jp^o^S^-^sTJi^e^-apllj^^^^^^^^^^ 

^  (    WJTH     SUPPLEMENT-    )  rOST-FREE,    5j 


CONTENTS. 

Alpine  plants  in  season  . . 
Amarj'llis  .. 

?in 

Orchid  notes  and  glean- 

202 

.^nuals 

Orchids,  nomenclature  of 

Arnold  Arboretum,  the 

Pea  Telephone       . 

Australia,  indigenous  ve- 

Phalaenopsis, the  genus 

getation  of 

Pink    origin  of  the 

Baker,  Mr.  Edmund      .. 

■?nH 

Plants  and  their  culture  . 

70fi 

Bees            

214 

Potato     crop     in     South 

Begonias  at  Messrs.  Sut- 

Ireland .. 

ton  &  Sons'       .. 

,,     culture 

Centaurea  macrocephala 

,,     species 

214 

Chiriqu",  a  trip  to 

SCO 

Rhododendron,   two  new 

Chysis     aurea,    secreting 

species  of 

209 

glands  of 

Roots  and  their  work     . . 

Colonial  Exhibition,  the 

Rosery,  the 

Corydalis  lutea    .. 

Rose,  what  isa  H.P  ?   .. 

Cove  nt  Garden     .. 

20.S 

Royal  Botanic  Society  ,. 

Dendrobmm  pogoniates 

Scotch  notes 

Epipactis  oralis  . . 

Society  .. 

Florists'  flowers  .. 

Societies:- 

Flower  Garden,  the 

206 

Brackley  Horticultural 

Fruit  notes 

2tO 

Clay    Cross     Horticul- 

,,    profits 

tural     

7,6 

„     ripening    and     pre- 

Matlock Bath  .. 

?i6 

serving   .. 

Royal  Horticultural   . . 

Fruits  under  glass 

Woodside 

Fungus,  a  giant   .. 

Spiranthes  Roman zoviana 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the. . 

207 

Stancliffe 

Indian  notes 

2l!i 

I  emperature,  vegetation. 

Ingram,     Mr.,    presenta- 

Sic.   in     the     Botanic 

tion  to    .. 

20p 

Garden,  Glasgow,  June 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

and  July,  1886 

0  ^ 

Liverpool    show,    foreign 

Tobacco,  the  advantages 

opinion  of  the  .. 

208 

of           

?I« 

Nomenclature      .. 

?oH 

Trees  and  shrubs 

Obituary  : — 

Weather,  the        . . 

Chapman,  T 

Xanthoceras  sorbifoha   .. 

Fletcher,  W 

Zygopetalum        leopardi- 

Hance,  H.  F 

218 

"iim        

199 

ILLUSTR 

ATIONS. 

Begonia,  tuber  of 

I0« 

Bulb,  section  of     .. 

198 

,,     purpurea,  tuber  of 
Phalsenopsis  Aphrodite  amabilia 

,,     amabilis  grandiflora 
StanclitTe,  the  rockery  at  ( 

eeSi 

pplementary  Sheet) 

Xanthoceras  sorbifolia,  fru 

toi. 

205 

SCOTCH    SX7B3CBIBEBS    TO 
'T'If£    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 
R    Y    S    T   A    L         PALACE. 

ANNUAL    FRUIT    EXHIBITION    and    GRAND 
NATIONAL  DAHLIA    SHOW,   SEPTEMBER    3  and  4. 
Schedules  on  application  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD.  Garden  Superintenpent,  CiTStal  Palace. 

ANDY  (Bedfordshire)  HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 
EIGHTEENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION.  Open  to  all 
Eneland,  FRIDAY.  Augu-t  27.  ONE  HUNDRED  and 
NINETY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES,  including,  for  10  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants  in  Flower,  ist  Prize,  (,ii\  2d,  Z8  ;  3d.  (,^  ; 
4th,  ;^3.  Show  ground  close  to  Great  Northern  and  London 
and  Norlh-Westem  Railway  Stations.  Plant  vans  horsed  to 
or  from  free  of  charge.  For  Schedules,  apply 
WILLIAM  GREEN,  Secretary.  Sandy. 

A  T  H      AUTUMN       SHOW, 

WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  September  i  and  2. 
Amongst  the  Prizes  ofTered  are  for  ist.    2d.   3d. 

12  Foliage  Plants ^6    li    £i 

12  Stove  or  Greenhouse  Plants £12    £S    £4 

8  Dishes  of  Fiuit ^C,    i,    £, 

8  Bunches  of  Grapes,  4  varieties  ..  ■•     £5    £2     £^ 

Six  other  Classes  for  Grapes,  in  varieties.    Prizes  in  proportion. 

Entries  Close  August  28.       For  Schedules  apply  to 

■4,  Milsom  Street,  Bath.  B^^^J-  PEARSON.  Sec. 

LACKPOOL         WINTER 

GARDENS  and  PAVILION. 

GRAND  FLOWER  and  FRUIT  SHOW,  THURSDAY, 
FRIDAY,  and  SATURDAY.  September,  9,  10.  it.  Schedules 
now  ready,  which  may  be  had  of  ,,     T>rxTxTc?    xr 

Winter  Gardens.  Blackpool  "'''•  "INNS,  Manager. 

1887  I  (^RAND    FLORAL    FfiTE,    YORK. 
•  I  \A      JUNE    ts.   16,   and   ij.       Special    Prizes    for 
Orchids.  JNO.  WILSON,  Sec.  13,  New  Sueet,  York. 


MR.       DODWELL'S        GRAND 
•'  CARNATIONS."  the  finest  grown. 
5000  Unbloomed  Seedlings,  warranted  of  the  highest  parent- 
age,   unrivalled    whether    lor    bedding   or   forcing    for   spring 
flowering.     31  6a.  per  dozen,  2ts.  per  too.     Special  terms  for 
quantities.     Particulars  on  application. 

The  Cottase,  Stanley  Road,  Oxford. 


OUR  SPECIAL  LIST  of   ORCHIDS,  No. 
81,  with  New  CATTLEYAS,  New  EPIDENDRUMS, 
&c.,  is  now  published. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 
Strong  flowering  Planu^  {4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
"  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  3^  each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS",  in  pots,  is.  6d.,  2s.,  to  25.  6rf. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 


Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrone,  Palms.  Orchids, 

&C.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  uie. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
free  on  application  to 
Mes-'rs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,   Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots.  15s.  to  361. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

NARCISSUS.— All  the   best  varieties  for 
cutting  and  for  every  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  Trade  ofler,  which  may  be  had  upon  application. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,    Hale  Farm  Nurseries,   Tottenham, 

JOHN    D  O  W  N  I  E   (of  the  late  firm  of 

O      DowNiK  &  Laird),     m,    Princes   Street,    Edinburgh, 
has  now  issued  his  BULB  CATALOGUE,   which  wUl  be  sent 
Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 
Telegr.^phic  Address— "DOWNIE,"  EDINBURGH. 

CAMELLIA    STOCKS,    fit    for    immediate 
working.  155.  per  100,  packed  free  for  cash. 
E.  COOLING.  Derby. 


STRAWBERRIES. —A    Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
THOS  RIVE RS  and  SO N ,  Nurseries,  Sawbridge worth,  Herts. 


CHARLES  TURNER'S  Newand Descriptive 
LIST  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  post-free  on  appli- 
cation^  The  Royat  Nurseries.  Slough. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H         AND         B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

North  Row.CoventGarden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers,  &c. 

SQUELCH        AND        BARN  HAM, 
giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 


SQUELCH        AND        BARNHAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&.  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


w 


idel 


/"ANTED,  Cuttings  of  Bedding  GERANI- 
UMS.     Any  good  sorts.— Quantity  and  price  for  cash 
iray  toj.  YOUNG,  Royal  Nursery,  Southend-on-Sea. 

WANTED, Cuttings,  HENRY  JACOBYand 
VESUVIUS,    aUo    SILVER    GERANIUM     MAY 
QUEEN.     Price  per  100  or  icoo  to 
WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Fraroplon  Park  Nursery,  Hackney,  E. 

ANTED,    200     Henry    Jacoby    GERA- 

NIUM  CUTTINGS.     State  price, 
C.  B.  v.,  EUerslie.  Crown  Lane,  Slreatham  Common,  S.W. 

WANTED,  Cuttings  of  Bronze  and  Tricolor 
GERANIUMS.-State  lowest  Cash   price.-Samples 
and  probable  quantity  to  W.  BARRACK,  Nurseryman,  Kendal. 


w 


WANTED,  Cuttings  of  GERANIUMS.— 
McMahon,  Black  Douglas,  Silver  Tricolors,  Mrs. 
Turner,  Vesuvius.  Henry  Jacoby.  Rev.  J.  J.  Peach.  State  price 
to THOMSON'S,  20,  High  Street,  Birmingham. 


WANTED,  Strong  Cuttings  of  the  following 
GERANIUMS  :  -  MacMahon,  May  Queen,  Mr? 
Pollock,  Vesuvius,  and  other  good  sorts.  State  price  per  1000 
for  cash  to 

THOS.  HORSMAN,  Nurseryman,  Bradford. 


TO  THE  TRADE.— CARTERS'  WHOLE- 
SALE CATALOGUE  of  BULBS,  PLANTS,  and 
HORTICULTURAL  SUNDRIES  has  now  been  posted  to 
their  customers.  If  not  recived,  another  copy  will  be  sent  on 
application  to  JAMES  CARTER,  DUNNETT  and  BEALE, 
237  and  238,  High  Holborn.  London,  W.C. 


Ferns  -  Ferns  -Ferns. 

H 

B.  MAY  nou 

offers 

an  immense 

Stock  of 

these,  c 

of  all  the 

most  useful 

vari 

sties  for  or- 

namental  pots, 

i6i.  per  100 

cash  with  order. 



Dyso 

n's  Lane 

Nursery 

Upper  Edm 

onto 

^ 

For  Sale,  a  Splendid  Specimen  Plant  of 
pATTLEYA    CRISPA    SUPERBUM, 

V>     in  one  piece,    with   150  bulbs,    25  leads,    and    7  spikes, 

carrying    38    flowers,  just    opening.       The   plant    is  in   a    tub 

2S  inches  across,  which  its  bulbs  overh.mg.     'lo  bs  seen  at 

GEO.     PURNELL'S, 

Lion  Nursery,  Bexley  Heath,   Kent. 

jj^   LEWIS  has  a  few  thousand  ADIANTUM 

J-  •  CUNEATUM  to  dispose  of  out  of  6o's.  Good  stuS, 
i8j.  per  100  for  cash.  Packing  free.  Price  per  looo  on  applica- 
tion. The  Leylands,  Derby. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND      CLEMATIS,    in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (somo 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  to  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  rzr.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descnptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Hyaclntlis,  Tulips,  Crocus.  Lilies,  &o. 
G.  VAN    TU BERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 

Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,    and 
y  be  had  free  on  application  to 

~    SILBERRAD  AND  SON,   25,  Savage  Gardens, 


c 


,  Londo 


E.C. 


)R1MU  LAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 

—  Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.    First-cIass 


2,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (Noble). 
The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  strong  j-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  all 

CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 
Other  Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 


PALMS. — A  few  hundreds  of  hardy  grown 
Seaforthia  elegans  and  Latania  borbonica,  12  inches 
high,  45.  per  dozen,  25^.  per  100.  Seaforthia  elegans,  LaUnia 
borbonica,  and  Euterpe  edulis,  averaging  20  incheG  high,  12s. 
per  dozen;  less  quantity,  is.  7,d.  each.  Packages  and  Parcels 
post-free.      A  visit  solicited. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill.  London.  N. 

To  the  Trade  Only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Haarlem, 
•  Holland,  have  just  Published  their  Wholesale  CATA- 
LOGUE'for  the  Season  iS85-87(76th  year,  No.  385A),  ol  Dutch 
Flower  Roots  and  Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  Tuberous- rooted 
Plants. 

The  Catalogue  was  sent  to  all  the  Correspondents  of  the 
establishment  who  have  a  right  to  it,  and  will  be  sent  as  well  on 
prepaid   application   10    Nurserymen,    Seedsmen,   and    Florists 


CARNATION  "PRIDE  of  PENSHURST." 
—The  most  beautiful  yellow  (  First-class  Certificate  Royal 
Horticultural  Society).  Vigorous  grower,  perpetual  bloomer, 
suitable  (or  either  pot  culture  or  borders,  perfectly  hardy,  forces 
well.  Healthy,  well  rooted  plants,  established  in  pots,  of  this 
lovely  variety,  12J.  per  dozen ;  sample  plant  post-free  for 
fifteen  penny  stamps. 

F.  WEBBER.  Quarry  Hill  Nursery,  Tonbridge,  Kent. 


East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks. 

THOMAS     METHVEN     and     SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,   in  five  varieti«, 
viz,,  Scarlet,  Purple,  White,  Crimson.and  White  Wall-leaved,  at 
IS.,  25.  6d,.  &  51.  each  colour.  Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh.  

For  Sale. 
HIRTY   THOUSAND    GENISTAS, 

in  thumbs,  good  plants  for  shifting  to  48's,  at  131.  per  100  ; 
6d.  per  100  lor  cases  and  packing ;  for  Cash  only. 
Post-office  Orders  pa^.ble  at  Leyton  Green. 
BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Itdith  Nursery,    Burchall  Road, 


T 


PINES.— Forty  good,  healthy  Succession,  in 
7  and  9-inch  pots,  (it  fur  moving  into  fruiting  poL«,  ot  the 
following  varieties  .  —  BLACK  JAMAICA,  CHARLOTTE 
ROrHbCHILD.  QUEEN,  and  SMOOTH  CAYENNE 
For  price  and  particulars,  apply 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

To  tlie  Trade. 

RAPE-SEED  and  WHITE  MUSTARD 

TJ    AND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  Samples   of 

XX*  the  above-named  Seeds,  extra  cleaned  for  seed  pur- 
poses, and  will  be  pleased  to  submit  them  with  lowest  prices  on 
application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


194 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[August  14,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutch  Bulb3.— Monday  and  Thvirsday  Next. 

SPECIAL   TRADE  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PKOTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCIIijN.  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms.  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  on  MO.^DAY  and  THURS- 
DAY NEX  r,  at  lulf  past  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  exten- 
sive cnsienmenls  ol  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CK0CUSE3, 
NARCIS3US.  and  other  KOOfS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality,  specially  iorted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  Large 
Uujerb. 

On  view  motnines  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
N.B-lhc    IUBEROjES   adverti.ed   to    be    included    in 
Monday's    Sale    hav.-    ni.t    arriv.-d.    and    the    Sale    of   these    is 
POS  1  1  OMED  FOR  A  FEW  DAYS, 


Friday  Next. 

DENDROBIUM   SANUEKIANUM,  a  grand  novelty  flower 

3  inches  in  dianieier,  and  brilliant  scarlet. 
A  new  Orchid  Ironi  the  East,  wi.h  large  golden  yellow  flowers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHERoIe'  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  their  Cen'ral  .Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C., 
on  FRIDAY  NtXl',  August  20,  at  hall  past  12  o'Cloclc  pre- 
cisely, the  above  ' 
a  fine  lot  of  Impor 
coosislii.gof:  — 
Lselia  elegans.  I  Cypripedi 

„      supetbiens.  Saccolabium  Hariisonianum. 

,,      harpophyllum  Cailopyne  Massangeana. 

„      xanibina  |  Sobralia  xantholeuca. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM   CIRRHOSUM,   several  fine   STAN- 
HOPEAS  and  ACINETAS  in  fl.)wer,  and  many  other  OR- 


I  Isevigatu 


CHIOS. 


On^ 


ng  of  Sale,  and  Cal 


5  bad. 


1000  Odontoglossum  Alexandrsa  sent  over  direct 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
will  include  the  ahove  in  iheir  SALE  by  AUCTION 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  20. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Clapham  Park.— Clearance  Sale. 
IVTESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 

IVX  are  instructed  by  F.  Rierminn.  Evq.,  who  is  leaving 
the  residence,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
Clarence  House,  Clarence  Road,  Clapham  Park,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY, August  25,  at  1  o'clock  precisely  the  whole  of  the  cht ' 


several  FRAMES,  GARDEN  ROLLER,  LAWN  MOWER, 
&c. 

On  view  day  prior  10  Sale.  Catalogueshad  of  Mr.  BROUGH, 
the  Gardener  on  'he  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and 
f.8,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Flowering  Orchids.— special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  theu- N  EXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  ORCHIDS  in  Fl„wer  and  bud  will  take  pl.ace  on  1  UES- 
DAY,  Augu.t  31,  for  which  ihey  will  ba  glad  to  receive  notice 
of  entries  as  soon  as  possible. 

60.000  Double  Tuberoses —Postponement  of  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS, 
beg  to  announce  that  the  SALE  of  the  above  advertised 
for  MONDAY  NEXT,  is  POSTPONED  FOR  A  FEW 
DAYS,  in  consequence  of  the  consignment  having  missed  this 


!  o'  Sa: 


'ill  be  duly  given  in  futu: 


Preliminary  JHotloe.-Great  Horticultural  Sale  Week. 

ANNUAL  TRADE  SALES  cf  WINTER-FLOWERING 

HEATHS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  arranged  the 
ANNUAL  TRADE  SALES  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 
HEATHS,  GREENHOUSE  PLANT.-i,  &c  ,  as  follows:— 
TUESDAY,  September  14,  at  the  BURNT  ASH  LANE 
NURSERIES.  LEE,  SE.,by  order  of  Messrs.  P.  Mailer  & 
Sons.  WEDNESDAY,  September  15,  at  the  LEA  BRIDGE 
NURSERIES,  LEYTDN,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Eraser. 
THURSDaV,  SEPTEMBER  16,  at  the  BRUNSWICK 
NURSERIES,  TOTTENHAM,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Mailer. 
FRIDAY,  September  17.  at  the  LONGLANDS  NUR- 
SERIES, SIDCUP,  by  order  ol  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans. 
Fuller  advertisements  will  appear  next  week. 
Auction  and  Estate  OflSces,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Preliminary. 

The  Cranston  Nursery  and  bced  Company,  Limited.  In 
Liquidation.     The  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 

EXTENSIVE  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the 
remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  extending 
over  t20  acres  of  ground,  and  which  is  now  in  splendid  con- 
dition, particularly  the  Fruit  Trees. 

Important  to  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  and  the  Trade  contem. 
plating  planting  during  the  coming  season. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   AND    MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  the  whole  ol  the  Stock  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises 
as  above,  EARLY  IN  OCTOBER.     The  Sale  will  occupy  five 
:  days,  and   an   inspection   is    invited   of  the    beautifully 
"    la  of  its  extent  the  follow- 


irf-li 


grown  stock  ;  and 
ing  Items  may  be  mentioned  : — 
6o,coo  FRUIT     TREES,     Standard,     D' 
Pyramids. 

i30,oro  CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES. 
500,000  FOREST  TREES. 
700CO  CHERRY  and  APPLE  STOCKS. 
105,00D  SEEDLING  ASH  and  OaK. 
200,000  QUlt-K 
.0,000  LAURELS,   7000  AUCUBAS,  400  En 
thousands  of  CONIFERS,  &c 
Fuitner  particulars  will  appear  in  due  cc 


M 


Wednesday  and  Saturday  Next. 

BULB^  from    HDI.LA  nD.- Trade  Sales. 

R.     L    C.     STEVENS    will     SELL     by 

It    his    Great    Rooms,    38,    King    Street. 

,on  WEDNESDAY  and  SAIURDaY 

half-past   12  o'clock 


AU  TIO.V 
Covent  Garden  W 
NtXT,   August   18 


oay. 


ol    first-clai 


Double  and 


Single  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUSES,  NARCIS- 
SUS, SCILLAS,  SNOWDROPS,  and  other  BULBS,  just 
arrived  from  Holland  in  lots  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  large 
Buyers  ;  also  White  Roman  HYACINTHS,  and  Paper  White 
NARCISSUS  for  Forcing,  &c 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7200). 

IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS.  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3I.  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  August  19. 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  Importation  of 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEX^NDR/E  (best  type),  CATT- 
LEYA  MOS-.1/E  (received  as  distinct),  C  SKiNNERI, 
C.  GIGAS.  G.  SANDERIANA,  EPIDENDKUM  MA- 
CROCHIl.UM  ALBUM,  &c  ,  from  Messrs.  Shultlewnrth, 
Carder  &  Co.  A  consignment  of  CATl'LEYA  VELUTINA. 
ONCIDIUM  SAKCoDES,  OVARICOSUM  ROGEkSII, 
and  other  ORCHIDS,  received  direct  from  Brazil.  Also 
100  Lots  of  good  Established  ORCHIDS  in  varieiy,  the 
property  of  a  Gentlemanj  4000  Seeds  of  VEITCHIA 
JOHANNIS,  from  Fiji  Islands,  Sc. 

On  view  rnoining  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

FOR  IMMEDIATE  DISPOSAL,  a 
FLORIST'S  BUSINESS.— The  Proprietor  of  a  large 
and  highly  lucrative  business,  in  full  swing,  which  has  been 
established  for  over  twenty  years,  and  is  bcautiiully  situated 
in  the  main  road,  Bayswater,  known  as  Bayswaler  Hill,  and 
commands  the  traffic  from  the  piiocipal  entrance  to  Kensington 
Gardens,  is  desirous  of  disposing  of  the  same.  There  is  an 
unexpired  term  of  filteen  years  to  run  of  the  present  lease,  at  an 
exceptionally  low  rental,  and  the  trade  return  represents  a 
large  amount  per  annum.  The  books  show  various  records  ol 
Royal  patronage,  and  a  clientele  which  includes  a  great 
number  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  of  London,  also  of  numerous 
Country  patrons.  To  those  seeking  a  go  d  Floral  Business 
this  is  confidently  recommended  as  a  ftrst-class  investment.  It 
is  especially  suited  to  a  partnership  where  the  combined 
energies  of  two  or  more  practical  men  would  conduce  to  a  great 
increase,  as  a  large  portion  of  the  business  is  in  Ball  and  Kout 
furnishing,  and  in  the  ever  increasing  demand  tor  floral  decora- 
tions in  refined  society  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The  whole 
stock,  plant,  goodwill,  and  lease,  will  be  sold  together  as  a 
going  concern,  as  the  Proprietor,  being  practically  single- 
handed  in  the  management,  now  finds  it  much  too  great  a  strain 
upon  him,  and  he  wishes  to  retire  in  consequence  of  ill-health. 

Further  particulars  will  only  be  furnished  to  Principals  or 
their  Solicitors.    Apply  to 

J.  A.  KING.  29,  Queen's  Road,  Bayswater,  London,  W. 

O    BE    LET,    a    FARM,    near   Tonbridge 

Wells,  containing  about  200  acres  of  good  sound  Land, 
in  excellent  cultivation.  Convenient  Buildincs,  and  7  Cottages. 
Adjoining  a  Junction  Station  on  the  Main  Line  to  London. 
This  is  the  cheapest  and  best  Farm  in  the  neighbourhood. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  LANGRIDGE.  Land  Agents,  Tonbridge 
Wells. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Lisirta  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


To  Noblemen  and  Landed  Proprietors. 

CH.  HAWKES,  of  Great  Queen  Street, 
•  Westminster,  S.W.  (Established  over  twenty  years) 
PREPARES  DESIGNS  for  Laying  out  New  Gardens,  Parks, 
Lakes,  Roids,  S;c.,  or  Altering  Existing  Grounds. 

Estimates  supplied.  


SILVER  SAND.— 24^.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 
Best,  3or.  do.  :  PEAT.  6oj.  per  truck  of  10  cubic  yards. 
Best,  8or,,  loof..  and  nor.  do.;  LOAM,  best,  sor.  per  truck  of 
4  tons  ;  ORCHID  MOSS,  &c. 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhutst,  Sussex. 


TO    SEEDSMEN,   FLORISTS,    <S:c. 


GEORGE  HARRISON 


182,    DRURY    LANE,    LONDON,    W.C, 

Five    minutes'  walk   from    Covent   Garden. 
Cheapest  House  in  London  for 

BOUQUET        WIRE. 

WHITE  WIRE  on  Reels,  11.  id.  per  lb.   I  ^  „  ,.  ,^  ,^,  ,,, 

BLUE  WIRE,  on  Reels,  <)%d.  per  lb.        ( '' 

BLUE  WIRE,  for  Stalks,  ^V^d.  per  lb.,  in  3}^-in.,  7.in.,  and 

10-in,  lengths. 
BRIGHT    WIRE,    for    Camellias,     t%d.   per  lb.,    in   7-in. 

lengths  ;  (30)  SJ^r/.  per  lb. 
BLUE  WIRE,  in  Rings,  from  41.  per  stone  of  14  lb. 

N.  B.  No  less  than  3  lb.  packets  of  Reel  Wire,  or  61b.  packets 
of  Stalk  Wire  at  these  prices. 

First  Arrival  New  Archangel  Mats  this  Season. 
BLACKBURN     and     SONS    are    now 

prepared  to  quote  Prices  to  Buyers  on  application  at 
4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  London,  EC. 


J 


To  nurserymen.  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street.  London.  E.C. 


Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,     i  yard    wide,    \d.; 
■2  yards.  ^Yzd.  ;    4  yards,  -^d.       A  considerable  reduction 
on  quanliiies  of  500  yat(ds  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 
My  first  parcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
prime  quality.     Pric-s  nn  application, 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
ReGISTKKHU  TELfGRAPHlCADDRHSS-jATEA,  LONDON. 

AMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

should  be  without  it.   Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 


B 


p.  B.    HARKIN,  Importer,  Button  Street,  Liverpool. 


PURE     WOOD     CHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 

AND  GENERAL  HORTICULTURAL    PURPOSES. 

EIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob    and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  lo 

Mr.    COOPER,   ERHS.    Calcot   Gardens.    Reading, 

of  whum  alone  the  various  s->rls  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAM  P  W  LETS     on    application. 

FOR   SALE,    a   large    number   of  specimen 
STOVE    and    GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    PALMS, 
FERNS,  and  FLuWERINt;  PLANTS,  at  low  prices  (some 
fine  exhibition  specimens).     Apply, 
JAMES  NOBLE,  Woodburn  Gardens,  Darlington,  Durham. 

FOR  SALE,  30,000  GENISTAS,  in  thumbs, 
g  lod  plants  for  i^hifiing  to  48's,  at    131.  per  100;  \s.  6d. 
per  100  for  cases  and  packing  ;  for  Cash  only. 

L>b-ral  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

Post-office  orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 

T.   BALDWIN  AND  SON.  Edith  Nursery.  Burchall  Road, 

L"0VEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.^ 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooteU,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  3*/. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Slrawherry  Grower.  Driffield. 

DIANTUMCUNEATUM.— Strong  Plants 

from  bcxes,   fit  for  single  pot?,  6s.  6d.  per  ico  ;  £-^  per 
.     Samples  not  less  than  50  sent  free  lor  45. 
G.  ADCOCK,  Florist,  Rok^by  Road,  Brockley.  S.E. 


A 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
aor. ;  ^-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  6d.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  ssi.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  3M.  ;  sacks, 
4<f.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  gd.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton,  265.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bacs,  Ad.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  li   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  td.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH.  F  R.H  S.,  at.  Goldsmith's 
Street.  Drury  Lane  (lately  c.dled  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (AU  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    55.  per  sack  ;  s  sacks  for  22r.  fid. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..  ^s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5s.  6d.      „      5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  [is.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD, bestonly  ..      i         (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    } 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ij.  6a.  per  bush.,  r4!.  half  ton,  24r.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  bestonly li.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     So',  lb.    28  lb.  181. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Specialitl!)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb  i3i. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Mdltrack  . .     5J.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  is.  6rf. 

Baes— 7lb.,  3S.;  i4lb.,ss.;  281b..  Ss.;  561b.,  141.:  icwt,22j. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-i4lb,  3S.;  281b.,  ss.6</.; 

561b  ,  loj.  6d.:  1  cwt  .  r7S.  Lper  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  is.6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  IS.  each  ;  to  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13J. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.     Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only.  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL    LONDON,  E. 


H 


ORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.  Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

For  Perfect  Tennis  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 
and  CRICKET  PITCHES,  use 

"T>       E       L       L      I       C       I       D       E,» 

JD  the  DAISYand  WEED  ER.ADICATOR.  Manufac- 
tured by  HURST  AND  SON,  152,  Houndsdilch.  London.  E. 
To  be  obtained  (with  needful  instructions)  from  all  Seedsmen 
and  Florists  everywhere.    Sample  Dredger-canister,  is.  per  post. 

ILDEW  on  ROSES  and  other  PLANTS, 

GREEN  FLY,  and  RED  SPIDER  can  all  be  extir- 
pated by  u.irg  Harris's  specially  prepared  SULPHIDE  of 
POTASSIUM,  of  which  enough  to  make  thirty-two  gallons  of 
solution  may  be  had  post-free  lor  One  Shilling,  from  the  Sole 
Manufacturers,  PHILIP  HARRIS  and  CO.,  Wholesale 
Chemists,  Bull  Ring.  Birmingham.  Special  quotations  for 
large  quantities.  For  many  favourable  reports  on  the  value  of 
this  certain  remedy,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  and  other 
Gardening  Journals. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 
Tj^lBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
X"  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
StovePiants.&c.,;{;6  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths.  American  Plant  Beds,  15s. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5s.  ;  5  Bags,  22s.  (>d  ;  ro  Bags, 
45s.     Bags  included.       Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  los.  6i.  per  Bag. 

SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine.  52s  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
Walker  and  CO..  Famborougb  Station.  Hants^ 

EESON'S    MANURE   is   the  best  for  all 

Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2S.  6d.,  5s.  id., 
and  loi.  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  13J.  each.  By  all  Nuisery- 
men  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


195 


SMITH'S  JVEJED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


Effectually  Destroys 
Weeds.  Moss,  Dande- 
,  &c  .  on  Garden 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


liffli 

'^^  "  '      ^I^ 

ilyiyt 

i^iMiyiiiyiiiiiiaiiiibiiiiiiiyilailll 

Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

Sealed  Bags  only, 


28  lb.        56  lb. 


i^fKtKUIgL  titulars,  apfk 

MARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing    Chemist, 

LOUTH,         LINCOLNSHIRE. 

THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


2/6      4/6      7/6      12/6     20/- 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE    MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,     LONDON,    E. 


The  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot  water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  3<i  each  ; 
4  in   Socket  Hot  water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  dd.  each. 
Full  Illuitr%ted  Rt    S.J  Pitce  List  or  application. 


L.fc-.,-^ 


k% 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated, 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,   owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  wlilcli  no  charge  la  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 

A  COLD  MEDAL  (the  highest  nvarif\  has  this  ye.tr  been  n-.mrdeA  to  us  in  efeii  cmfetitioii  /or  general  exeelieiiicin 
Horticultural  Buildings,  by  the  Society  0/ Architects. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE. S   FREE. 


Richly  IlluUrah'd  Catalogue,  containing  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses,  6»c.,  recently  erected  by  M.  fir*  Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOEOUGH. 


Soluble  Paraffin 

GARDEN  INSECTICIDE 


Tints  ".  :    Quarts,  \s.  %d  ;    Gallons,  5.^.  6rf. 

M.    PHILLIPPS    &    CO..    DARTFORD,    KENT. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines: 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  u.,  31.,  and  loj.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes,   td.    and    u.,     from  the    Trade. 


Coloured  1 1 lustrations  of  Bulbous  Flowers 

FOR    SHOP   WINDOWS. 

HOOPER'S  ILLUSTRATED  BULB 
WINDOW  TICKETS  are  an  immense  improvement 
to  the  appearance  of  Shop  Windows,  and  greatly  assist  the 
Sales.  Forty-eight  leading  varieties  now  ready,  price  gr. 
the  set. 

HOOPER  AND  CO.,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.  -i-^ 

BOULTON     &     PATTL,     NORWICH. 


No.  75.— Melon  or  Cucumber  Frames. 

Cash  Prices— Carnage  I'a.d.  Price.         Packing  Case. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  ,^£3  50  ..  4*.  j"  Allowed  in 
12  feet  long  ..  6  'eel  wide  ..  4  12  6  ..  55.  <  full  if  retd. 
16  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  o  o  . .  5/6  (  car.  paid. 
These  Frames  are  13  inches  deep  in  front,  and  24  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  2  inches  thick,  with  a  strong  iron 
strengthening  rod.  and  one  handle  to  each  light.  All  painted 
four  coats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  glazed  with  best 
21-OZ.  English  glass.  Orders  amounting  to  401.  carriage  paid 
to  most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT- WATER  APPARATUS 

for  Heating  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


Cuonmber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y   and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention  to  their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —       £,  s.  d. 
2-light  frame.    8  feet  by  6  feet  |    p„„v:„„     f       3  10    o 
3-lightframe.  i2fe€tby6feetU^^^;^^^^^  5     5     o 

6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet]  "^^^^^  "^^  I     10    o    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAV  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london,    w.c. 


Please     send    me 
commencifig 


The     Gardeners'    Chronicle' 
,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


for 


1886. 

Months^ 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  '^^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £1  y.  \cd.\    6  Months,  \\s.  i\d.;    3  Months,  ds.;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £,1  ds.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £\  Zs.  2c/. 


P.  0.0.  to  be 


fe  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


196 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  14,  1886, 


FLOWERS  AT   CHRISTMAS. 

SUTTON'S 

BULBSforEARLY  FORCING 


ROMAN    HYACINTHS-  Per  doz. 

bIN>   I  E  WHITE,  finest  selected  3/-  • 

,,           second  size  . .  »/3  ■ 

Sir.     IE  BLUE i/i)  • 

EARIV    NARCISSI- 

MOI'BLE  KOMAN           ..         ••  a/-  ■ 

PAi  I  R  WHITE 1/9  • 


■'  The  Bulbs  you  sent  me  are  splen- 
did. A  more  perfect  lot  It  would  be 
difficult  to  find, "-Mr.  A.  DREWERY, 
Gardener  to  A.  H.  Easten,  Esq., 
Patrlngton. 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE, 


Containing  full  psi 


ihe  best  Flower  Roots, 


Gratis  and   Pose- free. 

SUTTON    &    SONS, 

THE        QUEEN'S        SEEDSMEM, 
READING. 


"TiUTCH  BULBS. 

"r\IRECT  FROM  THK  GROWERS. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Ovetveen,  near  Haailem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  .856,  and  see  the  large 
s.vinc  effected  by  Dealing  dikkct  with  the  Grower  The 
Ca'a  o^iie,  containing  details  ti  then:  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  ard  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Frke  Delivery,  will  be  sent.  POST-PREE,  on  application  10 
ti.ero,  or  to  ihtir  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  lane, 
.St.  Maryat-Hill.  London,  E.C. 


To  the  Trade 
CABBAGE  and  ONION  SEED  lor  Autumn  Sowing. 

AND   F.    SHARPE    have    fine    Selected 

Stocks  of  the  above-nam-d  SEEDS,  which  they  are 


H 


Seed  Gr< 


ipril 


,  Wisbech. 


UTRA.VVBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
O  Planting.— rhe  Bsst  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market 

Apply  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park,  Stamford. 


EN         SEED, 

d.  and  5^.  each,  separate  colours. 


CY    C    L    A    M 
in  Sealed  Packets,  as, 
red,  while,  pink,  and  marginata,  or  mixed. 

H.  Page  &  Sons  are  offering  for  the  first  time  their  well- 
known  strain,  which  has  been  awarded  Three  Medals  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  during  last  season,  and  gained 
highest  honours  wherever  shown. 

They  cannot  be  surpassed  for  habit,  colour,  and  size ;  and  as 
the  quantity  is  limited.  Orders  will  be  executed  in  strict  rota- 
tion, and  sent  Post-free  on  receipt  ol  Postal  Order  after 
August  I.     Application  to 

H.   PAGE  AND  SONS, 
Grove     Nursery.    Teddmgton,    S.W. 


C 


ABBA 


SEEDS 


Enfield  Market 
East  Ham 
Oflenham 
Wheeler's  Imperial 


G    E 

Large  York 

Early  Rainham 

Ellam's  Early 

Dwarf  Nonpareil 

Leeds  Market 

Drumheads, 
r  own   home-grown  choice  stocks. 
Prices  on  application  to 
CULLEN,      Seed    Growers,     Rivenhall, 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade,  a  very  exteo'.ive  and  unusually  well-grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  vaiieties)  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN.  BOUVARDIAS. 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS:  GAR- 
DENIAS. STEPH  ANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  loi  warded  on  application. 

The   ANNUAL  SALE    by  AUCTION   wUl    be    held    on 
TUESDAY,  September  14. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 


THE    LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL 
COMPANY  (John  Cowan),  Limited, 

„ ,  Have  a  lirae  and  fine  stock  of 

EAST  INDIAN,  MEXICAN,  and  other  ORCHIDS;  and 
they  are  constantly  receiving  fresh  Importations  from  various 
parts  of  the  world. 

Full  particulars  of  Orchids  in  stock,  and  also  of  fresh  importa- 

tions  as  received,  forwarded  on  application. 

p!C!!|.JF°'"''^">' „'•'"'=  ^'5°  "  'ai'e*  stock  of  TEA  and  other 

ITitlltk^^^'^  "'^^^'  ^^•^'^S.and other  URNA- 

LISTS  with  full  particulars  on  application. 

THE    VINEYARD    and    NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,  LIVERPOOL. 
ADDRESS  for  TELEGRAMS-"  COWAN,  LIVERPOOL." 


WEBBS' 

EMPEROR  CABBAGE, 

The  Earliest  and  Best  Cabbage, 

ed.  and  Is.  per  packet.  Is.  6d.  per  ounce,  post-free. 
7B.  per  pound. 


Mr.  J,  MuiK,inlhe  "JOURNAL  OF  Horticulture" 
of  May  24,  iays : — "  Our  largest  piece  0/  Spring 
Cabbage  measures  jofeet  by  ^ofeet,  and  here  we 
kave  many  s./rts  growing.  The  best  of  alt  these 
at  the  present  time  is  IVESBS'  EMPEROR." 

Per  Ounce,  Post-free. 

EARLY  NONPAREIL  CABBAQE 8d. 

ENFIELD  MARKET  do 6d. 

EARLY  RAINHAM  do 8d. 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 

LARGE  RED  DUTCH       do.  6d.  pei  packet 


ONION. 

■WEBBS'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  6d. 
WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI  . .        6d. 

LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI        ..        64. 

GIANT  ROOCA 6d. 

WHITE  LISBON  


9d. 


LETTUCE. 


CABBAGE    VARIETIES. 

Webb's  New  Criterion    . .       . .  Is  6d   per  pkt. 

Commodore  Nutt Is.  od        ,, 

HammerBmith  Hardy  Green  ..  Od.  6d. 
Webbs'  Immense  Hardy  Green  Is.  Od        ,, 

COS    VARIETIES 

Webbs' Selected  Blaclc  Seeded),,   en   „„,  „, 

Bitb       f^^'  '"'   P"°'' 

Webbs  Hampshire  Brown      ..  la.  Od.  per  pki. 
Hick's  Hirdy  White       ..       ..Is.  Od. 


All  Garden  Seeds  Jree  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE, 


DANIELS'   SEEDS 

For  Present  Sowing. 

CABBAGE.        "^Vi^-^Vl 

DANIELS'  DEFIANCE,  the  finest  Cabbage 

in  cultivation,  early,  targe  heads,    7  lb.  to 

10  lb.  each,  post-free  ..  ..  ..  ..10..      16 

DANIELS'    LITTLE    QUEEN,   a  superior 

dwarf,  early  variety  ..  ..  ..         ._lo..l6 

ENFIELD  MARKET —      ..06 

DWARF  NONPAREIL  —      ..08 

ONIONS. 

DANIELS'  GOLDEN  ROCCA        -.         ..  i  o  ..  2  6 

WHITE  ELEPHANT  TRIPOLI     ..  o  9  ..  J  o 

GIANT  ROCCA —  ..10 

CRIMSON  ROCCA        o  6  ..  i  3 

NEW  WHITE  GLOBE 1  o  ..  2  6 

IMPROVED  WHITE  SPANISH     ..  i  o  ..  3  6 
Other  kinds,  kd.  to  id.  per  ounce. 

LETTUCES. 

DANIELS'  MONSTROUS   BROWN  COS     10..  a  6 

„    GREEN  WINTER  COS  ..     o    6     ..  i  6 

„    CONTINUITY  CABBAGE      ..         ..     i    o     ..  a  6 

„    TEXTER o    6     ..  I  6 

Other  kinds,  ^d.  and  \s.  per  ounce. 


DANIELS    BROTHERS, 

16,  18,  and  20,  EXCHANGE  STREET, 
NORWICH. 

Catalogues  free  on  application. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  conuining  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ir. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of   Now,    Rarb,     and 

Choick  Ferns."  and  "  Hardv  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application- 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


CARTERS' 
EARLY    BULBS 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful  White  and  Coloured 
Flowers  for  Christmas  Decoration. 


CARTERS  EirUest  'WUte  Roman  HYACINIHS. 

Per  100,  i6j.  ;  per  dozen  ,  21.  td. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  tor.  (id.  :  per  dozen,  ir.  (td. 

CARTERS'  Paper-wMte  NARCISSUS. 

Per  too,  115  tii.  ;  per  dozen,  15.  td. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  YeUow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 
Per  11.0,  i,s.  3</.  ;  per  dozen,  Zd. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  \o->,  35.  :  per  dozen,  bd. 

ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 


-^c 


237 
238) 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 
Warrants  to 
)  — ^ —        M  H  M.  The  Queen. 

CL>\yC£^\4j     *"*  His  Royal  Highness 

The  Prince  of  Wales. 

High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Bulbs    for 


___E2s  Early  Forcing. 

FIRST     CONSIGNMENTS     OF 
ROMAN    HYACINTHS, 
DOUBLE  ROMAN   and    PAPER-WHITE    NARCISSUS, 
to  hand.     Finest  quality  and  in  splendid  condition. 
E.uly  Orders  solicited. 
Complete  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  FLOWERING  BULBS 
Gratis  and  Post-free  on  applicatio  «. 
F.      &      A.      DICKSON      &      SONS, 
The  Q.ieen's  Seedsmen.  Chester. 

W^  GORDON,  IMPORTER  OF  ORCHIDS 
•  from  ALL  PAR  IS  of  the  WORLD.— .4n  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  mu't  be  sold  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certamly  to  be 
obtained,  and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high 
prices  recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAVING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to  W.    GORDON,    The   Nurseries,    Arayand   Park 
Road,  Twickenham.  Middlesex. 


LILIES  OF  THE  VALLEY. 
FORCING  CROWNS,  i.e.,  3-yr.  old  strooR  flowering 
Crowns,  of  my  well-known  large  flowering  variety.  Prices 
per  1000.  10,000,  or  20  coo  on  application. 

PLANTING  CROWNS,  i  e.,  young  Plants  for  growing  on 
for  forcing,  the  true  large  flowiriog  variety,  acclimatised,  and 
which  will  be  fit  for  forcing  two  years  after  planting.  I  have 
long  since  proved  that  Lilies  of  the  Valley  can  be  successfully 
grown  in  England,  and  in  many  cases  excel  those  from  Germany. 
I  recommend  every  one  who  requires  crowns  for  forcing  to  grow 
them  himself.  A  Pamphlet,  "  How  to  Grow  Lilies  of  the 
Valley  Successfully,"  will  be  sent  free  with  every  order  amount- 
ing to  loj.  and  upwards.  Delivery  from  November  to  April. 
Price  loj.  per  loco,  including  package.  Cash  only.  No  order 
without  remittance  will  be  acknowledged. 

T.  JANNOCH,  Lily  of  the  Valley  Nursery,  DersLngham, 
King's  Lynn,  Norfolk. 

Pterls  cretlca  Uayll. 

HB.  MAY  is  now  offering  the  above,  which 
•  is  one  of  the  greatest  novelties  of  the  season.  The 
Plant  is  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit  ;  the  fronds  beautifully 
branched  and  crested  ;  and  the  variegation  very  distinct.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  lovely  FERNS  ever  offered.  Has  been 
awarded  First  class  Certificates  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
and  Royal  Botanic  Societies. 

Well  fuml^hed  Plants,  in  48's,  71.  dd.  each. 

Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton.  Middlesex. 

DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH    BTJLBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP, 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogice  of  Bulbs, 


Containing  List  of  aU  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  free  on  application  to 

WAT  KINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,   STRAND,  LONDON.  W.C. 

C'  UTBUSH'S       MILL- 

TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.-Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  6s.  per  bushel 
(it,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d,  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  iS. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Higbgate  Nurseries,  N. 


August  14.  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


197 


SUTTON'S 

I  For  Present  Sowing.       ^  f"  l"  I    I  ^ 

CABBAGE.        Free  by  Post. 

SUTTON'S  FLOWER  OF  SPRING, 
the  best  for  autumn  sowing,  having 
been  proved  in  our  trials  to  produce 
finer  heads  and  come  earher  than 
any  other,  without  any  tendency  to  s.  d. 

run  to  seed        per  pkt.     i     o 

WHEELERS  IMPERIAL      ..         ..peroz.      o    8 

ELLAM'S  EARLY  DWARF i    o 

FULHAM  or  BATTERSEA 06 

ONION.  Free  by  Post. 

GIANT  ROCCA per  oz.  i    o 

GIANT  LEMON  ROCCA      16 

THE  QUEEN per  pVt.  i    o 

GLOBE  TRIPOLI         per  oz.  o    9 

LETTUCE.        Free  by  Post. 

cos    VARffiTIES. 

SUTTON'S  WINTER  WHITE-very 
large,  compact  in  growth,  ctisp,  and 

of  excellent  flavour per  pkt  1     o 

SUTTON'S    CHAMPION    BROWN      „  i    o 

Improved    BLACK-SEEDEU    BATH  per  oz.  i    6 

CABBAGE   VARIETIES. 

SUTTON'S    COMMODORE    NUl'Tperpkt.  x    o 

SUTTON'S  SlANDWh-LL    ..         ..        ,  ,    o 

HAMMERSMITH  HARDYGREEN  peroz  o    q 

STANSTEAD  PARK ,  16 

DRUMHEAD  or  MALTA       09 

J'rices  and  full  firtkulars  cf  other  Seeh  for  Present 
Solving  may  be  had  Gratis  and  Post  fr.  c  on  application 

Seedsmen   by   Royal   Warrants  to    H  M    the 
Qtieen  and  HR.H.  tlie  Friaoe  of  Wales, 

READING. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIM\  (First- 
class   Certificite).  — See    full   description    in    Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  Julv  10 

Strong  healthy  plauts,  in  4-lnch  pots,   each.    51.    and  yj.  6(/.  ; 
6  for  2(J.  and  305 

E.    G     HENDERSON    and    SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery. 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 


SOW   NOW 


ROEMER'S  SUPERB  PRIZt"  PANSY 

S^  The  Best  Strain  In  the  World.  "^ 

Fancy  and  Show  Varieties,  fine  mixed,  per  pound,  35J.  ;    per 


.  ed. 


Assortment  oi'eighteen  varieties,  containing  each  one  packet,  3^. 

Giant   Prize    Show,   splendid   mixed,    enormous    flower  up   to 

4  inches  in  diameter,  per  10,000    seeds  451-,   per  toco 

seeds  55.,  per  packet  is. 

„     Prize  Show,  bright  golden-yellow,  very  fine  for  bedding, 

J  seeds  9:1.1  .  per  icoo  seeds  \os.,  per  pkt.  is.  bd. 


Prize  Fancy,  splendid  mixed,  very  fin< 

10,003  seeds  56J.,  per  tooo  seed^  6j  ,  per  packet 
Neic per  Cash.      Ca(ai,^sTte  Me  on  apfluation. 


.  per 


FREDERIC     ROEMER, 

SEED    GROWER,     QUEDLINBURG,    GERMANY. 


SEEDLINCJ   PLANTS    OF    CHOICE 
FLORISTS'    FLOWERS,    &c 

We  have  tnuch  pleasure  in  offering  strong  healthy 
transplanted  Seedlings  ^rom  our  superb  strains  of  the 
fallowing :~  Perdoz.     Per  100. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers     s.  d.  s.  d. 

only, beautifully  tigered  and  spotted.,     i     6     ..10     6 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.   from 
stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent 

of  fine  double  blooms t     6     . .    10     6 

CARNATIONS,  choicest  yellow,  very  fine     2     6     . .      — 
CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  strain        ..      i     6     . .    10     6 
,,     new  dwarf,  large  flowered,  fine  2     o     -.12     6 

CYCLAMEN,  Strong  young  plants,  from 

single  pots,  fo' blooming  next  season..       —       ..     — 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM    ALBUM, 

pure  while,  very  fine                             . .     4     6     . .   30    o 
CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed       ..     4    o     ..   25    o 
PRIMULA,    Crimson   King,    magnificent     26..— 
,,     Crimson  King,  extra  strong  plants  . ,     36  — 
,,     Daniels'  choicest  white,  fine  . .         . .      i     6     . .    10     6 
,,     Daniels'  choicest  red,  sp'endid         . .     i     6     . .    10    6 
,,     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beauti- 
ful varieties 1     6     . .    10     6 

,,     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  extra  strong 

plants  ..  ..  ..     a6..i50 

PANSY.    Emperor   William,   deep  ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine    ..  ..      10.,     76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice     10..      76 

BLUE  GUM  TREE  of  AUSTRALIA  (EUCALYPTUS 

GLOBULUS),  fine  forgreenhouse or  sut>-tropical  garden. 

Said  to  be  the  most  powerful  febi  ifugeknown.   Fine  young 

Plants  of  this  interesting  species,  bd.  each,  5s  per  dozen. 

Carriage  Paid  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order. 

DAKIELS  BROS.,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich- 


DEVERILL'8 

"ROU8HAM    PARK   HERO" 

ONION, 

Winner  of  nearly  Two  Hundred 

FIRST  PRIZES. 


May  be  seen  Growing  in 
nearly  every  County  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  upwards  of  Fifteen 
Thousand  Packets  having  been  sent 
out. 


nnHIS  POPULAR  ONION, 
after  repeated  Trials,  is 
acknowledged  to  be  the  Best  for 
Sowing  either  in  the  Autumn  or 
Spring. 

If  the  true  stock  is  obtained  and 
sown  in  August,  September,  or 
October,  magnificent  specimens 
weighing  2  lb.,  and  measuring 
18  inches  in  circumference  may 
be  secured,  which  will  not  pipe 
or  split  like  the  ordinary  wint'ir 
Onions. 

HUNDKEDS    OF    TESTIU0III&L3. 


Seed  guaranteed    saved  from    the 
finest  possible  selected  bulbs. 


Per  Packet   Is.,   post-free. 


H.  DEVERILL, 

ROYAL     SEED     STORES, 

BANBURY, 


(iartom'  d{hnrtticlr. 

SATURDAY,    AUGUST   14,    1886. 


ROOTS    AND    THEIR    WORK. 

THE  following  is  the  text  of  the  es=ay  to 
which  the  First  Prize  was  awarded  in  the 
recent  competition  among  young  gardeners 
instituted  by  the  conductors  of  this  journal. 
The  prizes  were  announced  at  the  Provincial 
Show  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  at 
Liverpool,  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M. P., 
the  President  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
the  First  Prize  being  allotted  to  Mr.  Sewell,  late 
of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Edinburgh,  whose 
essay,  with  its  accomp.inying  illustrations,  are 
here  reproduced  with  as  little  alteration  as 
possible.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  term 
root  was  to  be  taken  in  its  widest  garden 
significance,  and  that  special  stress  was  laid  on 
evidence  of  personal  observation  as  contrasted 
with  book-knowledge  :  — 

Any  one  who  has  had  under  his  care  a  con- 
siderable number  of  herbaceous  or  alpine  plants 
will  know  how  much  he  has  been  helped  in 
growing  them  successfully  —  selecting  suitable 
soils  and  positions  for  them — by  having  observed 
their  British  allies  growing  wild  in  fields  and 
woods,  by  streams,  or  in  bogs. 

Some  such  knowledge  of  our  "  wild  flowers  " 
helps  us  even  in  the  culture  of  greenhouse 
and  stove  plants  ;  indeed,  knowledge  df:rived 
from  the  careful  observation  of  any  one  plant  in 
its  natural  home  cannot  fail  to  be  of  aid  in 
teaching  us  how  to  grow  any  plant  in  our 
gardens. 

But  further,  if  by  carefully  comparing  several 
plants  together,  we  in  time  were  able  to  deter- 
mine, fairly  correctly,  from  the  appearance  of 
root,  of  stem,  and  of  leaves,  as  to  the  habit  of 
the  plant,  as  to  its  likely  home — what  an  advan- 
tage this  would  be  to  us  in  our  horticulture. 

We  believe  that  to  a  considerable  e.\tent  this 
can  be  done,  and  the  object  of  this  essay  is 
both  to  describe  carefully  the  most  common 
forms  of  roots,  to  tell  what  is  the  relation 
of  the  various  roots  to  the  rest  of  the  plant,  and 
then  to  try  and  reap  facts  of  practical  value  to 
horticulture  from  the  foregoing  more  purely 
botanical  ones. 

We  are  too  apt  to  disassociate  botany  and 
horticulture  ;  some  of  us  seem  to  think  them 
almost  antagonistic  ;  but  surely  any  true  fact 
regarding  plants— their  development,  organs,  or 
habitat,  such  as  are  comprised  in  the  science  of 
botany,  must  be  of  more  than  slight  interest  to 
those  of  us  who  have  to  deal  practically  with 
so  many  varied  forms  belonging  to  the  great 
vegetable  kingdom. 

Lately  there  has  been  in  very  many  gardens 
a  great  amount  of  talk  and  argument  as  to  what 
a  root  is,  and  what  it  is  not.  Intending  essay 
writers  have  been  nearly  overwhelmed  with 
assurances  as  to  the  complexity  of  the  subject, 
and  of  the  exceeding  great  difficulty  which  the 
ordinary  mind  would  have  in  endeavouring  to 
understand  anything  definitely  as  to  the  nature 
of  a  root.  I  feel  sure  that  those  who  have  been 
so  discouraged  have  been  toriuring  themselves 


198 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  1886. 


over  terms  and  over  the  meaning  of  botanical 
words,  rather  than  seeking  themselves  to 
examine  the  thing  itself— the  roots  we  all  know 
so  well,  and  which  in  our  earliest  days  we  had 
no  difficulty  in  recognising. 

Forms  ok  Root. 

I  purpose  to  treat  in  the  following  pages  of  those 
downward  directed— generally  colourless  growths, 
either  stringy  or  very  much  branched,  but  always 
having  some  pari  soft  and  seemingly  porous  in  its 
nature,  which  would  be  called  "  roots  "  by  any  ordi- 
nary person.  I  shall  later  have  to  refer  to  the 
more  exact  meaning  of  the  word  as  understood  by 
botanists  ;  but  I  will  attempt  at  present  no  de- 
finition of  "a  root,"  but  first  examine  several  such 
s  ructures  as  I  have  indicated,  and  see  what  parts  they 
have  in  common  ;  we  may  then  be  able  to  place  limits 
as  to  what  shall  be  "  root  "  and  what  "  stem,"  &c. 

Roots  penetrate  the  earth,  the  water,  the  tissues  of 
other  plants,  or  they  grow  on  the  surfaces  of  damp  sub- 
stances without  entering  into  their  substance  ;  at  limes 
hanging  in  the  air,  and  often  growing  first  in  the  air, 
eventually  penetrating  the  ground,  and  branching  pro- 
fusely. These  kinds  of  roots  are  commonly  grouped 
under  the  heads  of  :— Terrestrial,  in  earth  (and  water, 
submerged),  most  commonly  ;  parasitic,  on  other 
plants,  as  Dodder,  Broomrape  ;  epiphytic,  as  among 
Orchids;  and  aerial  or  adventitious,  «.?.,  Orchids, 
Banyan,  Mangrove. 

The  Simi'Lest  Roots. 

We  will  concern  ourselves  chiefly  with  ordinary 
terrestrial  roots,  and  will  first  examine  the  very 
simplest  forms  we  can  meet  with, 

There  is  a  well  known  plant  which  grows  in  semi- 
stagnant  water,  called  Spirogyra  (also  called  Con- 
ferva), composed  of  green  thread-like  growths.  If 
we  could  meet  with  this  growing  on  the  sides  of  a 
glass  tank  in  any  cool-house  we  should  easily  see  little 
swellings  at  the  base  of  the  threads,  which  served  to 
6x  the  plant  to  the  glass.  The  swellings  might  be 
likened  to  small  suckers,  and  of  course  we  should  not 
think  of  attaching  any  other  function  to  them  than 
that  of  keeping  the  plant  in  its  place — anchors,  in 
fact.  Several  seaweeds  have  similar  though  larger 
roots,  and  we  may  see  at  times  washed  up  on  the 
shore  a  stout  stem  with  a  swollen  base  somewhat  in 
the  shape  of  a  hand  with  shortened  fingers,  the  more 
able  so  to  attach  itself  to  stones,  &c. 

Leaving  the  Spirogyra,  then,  we  look  at  a  plant 
of  that  great  pest  in  gardens — the  Liverwort  (Mar- 
chantia).  I  should  place  this  next,  as  affording  a 
good  example  of  a  very  simple  root,  though  widely 
differing  from  our  last.  Attached  to  the  under  surface 
of  the  plant,  which  resembles  a  narrow,  ribbon-like 
leaf,  are  many  delicate  hairs.  These  hairs  the 
microscope  shows  to  be  single  cells.  They  may  vary 
much  in  length,  but  whilst  serving  to  attach  the  plant 
to  the  damp  wall  or  place  where  it  may  be  growing, 
we  may  well  iudge  them  able  to  perform  other  work 
— that  is,  to  supply  necessary  fluid  for  the  plant's 
food,  the  manner  of  which  feeding  process  we  shall 
consider  later  on. 

We  will  look  again  among  water  plants  for  our  next 
root — that  of  the  Duckweed  (Lemna).  That  it  is  not 
composed  of  one  cell,  but  of  many,  we  can  see  with 
a  pocket  lens.  It  is  not  branched,  however,  which 
is  the  case  with  many  others  growing  about  it,  or  as 
is  the  Pontederia,  a  stove  aquatic,  which  we  shall 
refer  to  again  as  a  good  illustration  of  some  points  of 
root-structure. 

Lemna,  or,  perhaps  better,  some  branched  aquatic, 
reminds  us  at  once  of  the  first  roots  of  all  seedlings, 
but  we  must  remember  that  the  root  of  an  ordinary 
seedling  is  imperfect,  and  maydevelope  very  differently 
in  growing. 

As  we  notice  at  once  a  dift'erence  among  seedling 
plants  in  regard  to  their  leaves,  so  we  find  an  accom- 
panying difference  among  their  roots.  Plants  which 
germinate  with  one  seed-leaf  as  a  rule,  if  not  always 
indeed,  produce  several  fibrous  roots  from  points 
variously  apart  from  one  another.  Plants  which  send 
up  two  seed  leaves  produce,  at  least  at  first,  a  single 
fibrous  root,*  from  which  sooner  or  later  secondary 
roots  branch  ofl'.  Palms  and  grasses  are  examples  of 
the  first  kind  ;  Asters,  Calceolarias,  &c.,  of  the 
second. 

In  a  Clintonia  (of  the  first  class,  monocotyledons) 
which  I  examined  lately  there  were  four  or  five  long 

"^Called  throughout  this  essay  the  "first  root' 


roots  reaching  down  among  the  crocks.  New  leaves 
were  just  forming,  and  another  half-dozen  or  so  fresh 
roots  were  beginning  to  lengthen  out.  I  am  not  sure 
whether  the  first  series  of  roots  were  decaying,  but 
among  all  bulbs  (also  of  this  first  class)  one  set  of  long 
unbrancbed   roots   only    lasts    one   growing  season, 


^'-'X 


being  replaced  by  another  series  from  about  the  same 
place  the  next  year. 

It  is  interesting  here  to  note  that  many  Primulas, 
and  I  suspect  most  other  stemless  or  nearly  stemless 
plants  belonging  to  the  second  class  (dicotyledons), 
lose  their  "first  root,"  and  a  number  of  fibrous  roots 
(able  to  branch,  however)  are  given  off  from  the  crown, 
i.e.,  where  the  first  leaves  are,  or  from  some  point  in 


the  6ver-presenc  longer  or  shorter  "  stem  "  which 
supports  these  leaves.  This  stem  is  the  upward  con- 
tinuation of  the  first  root — in  bulbs  and  grasses  found 
in  the  form  of  a  flat  plate  from  which  the  roots 
proceed. 

I  cannot  remember  in  what  species  of  Primula  I 
first  especially  noticed  this  decay  of  the  "first  root," 
and  consequent  rooting  from  the  crown,  but  I  was 
rather  annoyed  to  find  that  seedlings  of  a  rare  Indian 
species,  through  having  been  sown  too  near  together 
were  "  damping  off  at  the  roots,"  or  rather  had  lost 


the  straight  "  first  root,"  we  are  accustomed  to  meet 
with  in  seedlings  ;  closer  examination,  however, 
showed  me  the  newer  root  starting  from  higher  up, 
and  so  I  knew  that  imy  seedlings  were  at  least  likely 
to  grow.  I  think  perhaps  this  decay  of  the  "first 
root  "  may  be  common  amongst  plants  which  are  to 
form  no  stem  or  are  of  running  habit. 

We  notice  then  this  power  of  "  first  roots,"  giving 
off  branches  among  plants  which  germinate  with  two 
seed  leaves  (dicotyledons).  It  may  be  a  longer  and 
shorter  time  before  this  occurs.  This  will  depend  on 
the  nature  of  the  plant,  or  on  the  nature  of  the  posi- 
tion in  which  the  seed  germinates. 

I  believe  that  plants  which  make  a  rapid  growth 
as  a  rule  send  long  first  roots  into  the  earth  before 
giving  off  branches  ;  among  trees  especially  this  is  the 
case.  Examples; — An  acorn  kept  in  a  sealed  bottle  in 
a  warm  place  sent  out  an  unbranched  root  for  I  believe 
a  couple  of  feet  before  it  produced  leaves.  This  was, 
however,  under  abnormal  conditions. 

Among  eight  or  nine  Plane  tree  seedlings  which  I 
experimented  with  in  different  soils,  four  grew  with 
very  little  side  branching  indeed  for  several  inches, 
when  in  moist  easily  penetrated  soils,  as  loam,  leaf- 
mould,  sand.  No.  5,  grown  in  ashes,  and  perhaps 
broken  at  the  tip,  sent  out  four  fairly  strong  root 
branches.  No.  6,  grown  in  water  and  broken  at  the 
tip,  branched  excessively,  even  producing  a  "third 
series."  No.  7,  grown  over  water,  half  in,  half  out, 
where  the  tip  could  not  develope  itself,  branched 
excessively,  like  No.  6,  but  the  branches  clung  to  the 
rounded  inside  surface  of  the  pot  the  seedling  was 
suspended  in,  thereby  differing  from  the  root-branches 
of  No.  6,  where  the  "branches"  all  turned  away 
from  the  light  as  I  judged  and  were  straight  and  stiff. 
It  is  further  exceedingly  interesting  to  note  that  in 
No.  7  root-fibres  were  abundantly  developed  on 
those  portions  of  the  root  branches  which,  without 
being  in  the  water,  were  clinging  to  the  damp  pot  just 
above  the  surface. 

It  may  make  these  details  of  the  experiment  easier 
to  be  understood  if  I  explain  that  I  piled  several 
small  pots  one  fitting  into  another  as  a  support  to  a 
piece  of  cardboard  placed  over  the  surface  of  some 
water  in  an  inverted  bell-glass.  The  root  of  No.  6 
was  slipped  through  the  cardboard  which  held  the 
"neck"  of  the  seedling.  The  root  of  No.  7  was 
also  placed  through  the  cardboard,  but  at  the  same 
time  placed  through  the  hole  at  the  top  of  the  inverted 
pile  of  small  pots. 

The  greater  part  of  annual  plants  give  off  branching 
roots — in  gross  feeders  the  branching  is  excessive — 
and  nearly  every  part  of  the  root  is  fibrous.  Little 
spreading  plants,  as  Spergula,  too,  will  need  to  branch 
fairly  well  near  to  the  soil  so  as  to  get  the  best  supply 
of  nutriment  possible  with  the  least  growth  of  root. 

While  mentioning  Spergula  we  should  here  note 
the  very  long  hairs  on  its  delicate  roots.  These  hairs 
are  present  on  every  plant, from  the  largest  tree  to  Mar- 
chantia,  as  we  have  seen,  unless,  indeed,  the  roots  are 
submerged  as  in  Lemna  or  Pontederia  where  there  is 
no  need  for  them.  They  vary  considerably  in  length 
and  thickness,  but  they  have  always  thin  walls  able  to 
admit  water  through  their  tissue. 

Nepenthes  root-hairs  (or  "  fibrils  "  ?)  seem  all  con- 
nected with  the  surface  cells,  and  under  the  microscope 
for  the  sake  of  clearness  might  be  likened  to  the  pro- 
truding ends  of  cords  from  a  rope  made  up  of  innu- 
merable such  cords. 

We  must  now  leave  these  simpler  forms  of  root — 
either  fibrous,  not  much  branched,  or  very  much 
branched  indeed — and  notice  other  forms. 

In  Imantophyllum  we  have  many  long  roots  appear- 
ing to  grow  like  those  of  monocotyledons  (being 
nearly  unbranched),  but  much  swollen,  therefore 
exposing  much  surface  for  the  absorption  of 
water,  and  between  this  and  the  roots  of  a  first 
year's  seedling,  as  in  the  Clintonia  before  referred  to, 
we  have  all  imaginable  grades  of  thickness  and 
length. 

Again,  we  have  thickenings  of  the  "  first  roots  " 
of  dicotyledons,  such  as  we  mpet  with  in  Dandelion, 
Papaver,  Cheirantheus,  Capsella,  and  a  host  of  others. 
This  thickening  makes  the  root  have  a  firmer  hold  of 
the  soil ;  it  enables  it  to  send  off  root  branches  the 
more  vigorously,  and  in  such  examples  as  alpine 
species  of  Astragalus,  Phyteuma,  Silene,  and  a  host 
of  well  known  alpine  plants  which  grow  among  rocks 
or  in  crevices  ;  the  pressure  exerted  by  the  growth  of 
the  root  wedging  itself  between  two  masses  of  rock  is 
invaluable  to  the  plant  where,  were  the  root  not  so 
firmly  held,  the  weight  of  the  leaves,  stalks,  flowers 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


199 


would  St  times  pull  the  plant  quite  away.  We  may 
remark  that  this  kind  of  root  is  very  general  among 
plants  which  die  down  to  the  ground  in  winter,  which 
plants  send  up  leaves  or  stems  each  succeeding  year, 

.Annual  plants  never  have  much  more  than  fibrous 
roots  ;  in  some  cases  the  first  root  is  considerably 
thickened  where  the  habit  of  the  plant  is  such  as  to 
require  considerable  support. 

All  roots  which  last  for  a  number  of  years  will 
thicken  or  harden,  some  thickening  very  gradually, 
some  evenly  throughout  a  considerable  length,  others 
very  abruptly.  We  have  examples  of  all  these  varied 
forms  of  root  thickening  in  Cabbages,  Statice,  Carrots, 
Radishes,  Turnips,  Cyclamen — in  the  last  named  being 
swollen  in  breadth  and  of  no  great  length,  giving  it 
the  characteristic  flattened  appearance  so  well  known. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  notice  whether  in  some  of 
these,  as  Turnips  and  Carrots,  it  is  the  "  first  root  "  or 
the  stem  which  supported  the  seed  leaves  which  has 
become  swollen.  Those  forms  of  thickening  are  to 
be  met  with  among  roots  in  all  variety. 

We  may  assume  that  all  roots  which  do  not  die 
away  either  the  first  or  second  year  will  thicken 
considerably.  Biennial  roots  often  thicken  by  a 
storeage  of  food  for  next  year  taking  place  within 
them.  Roots,  such  as  are  to  be  met  with  in  nearly 
all  kinds  of  trees,  increase  year  by  year,  wood  being 
formed  within  the  bark  as  it  is  in  the  stems  of  such. 

From  all  these  much  hardened  or  lengthened  roots, 
however,  root  branches  are  given  off,  which  in  turn 
may  branch  until  delicate  roots  such  as  were  first 
seen  in  the  seedling  are  given  off,  these  finest  ones 
being  covered  with  the  more  or  less  delicate  root-hairs 
(fibrils)  which  we  noticed  earlier. 

Instead  of  one  more  or  less  gradual  thickening  of 
the  first  root  or  its  root  branches  there  may  occur 
three  or  four  thickened  parts  of  the  root,  somewhat 
as  if  several  large  ova!  beads  were  irregularly  con- 
nected by  one  string.  This  is  met  with  in  Dtopwort 
Spi  roea  filipendula),  and  I  have  also  seen  a  somewhat 
similar  formation  in  Antigonon. 

Small,  globular.  Pea-like  swellings  are  constantly 
present  on  many  plants  of  the  Vetch  family  (Ulex, 
Genista,  L^thyrus).  Allied  forms  of  swellings  are  seen 
on  Encephalartos  and  even  on  Ixora.  Those  on 
Encephalarlos  grow  several  together,  and  look  not 
unlike  a  piece  of  discoloured  sponge  or  soft  coral. 
In  both  these  latter  cases  it  is  probable  that  there  is 
some  storage  of  food  in  the  cells  of  the  swelling. 
[These  swellings  are  sometimes  associated  with  the 
growth  o(  a  Myxomycetous  fungus.  Ed.]  I  have 
noticed  starch  in  those  of  Ixora,  but  not  very  plen- 
tifully. Little  bladders  occur  on  the  roots  of  Utricularia 
and  Pilularia  globulifera.  These  serve  to  float  the 
root,  both  plants  growing  in  water. 

Tuberous  Roots. 

The  Dahlia  is  an  example  of  a  plant  having  several 
thickened  roots  depending  from  the  stem,  from  which 
small  fibrous  roots  are  given  off,  especially  at  the 
lowest  point,  where  the  change  in  its  thickness  is  very 
abrupt.  The  Dahlia  is  a  root  for  storing  material  in  ; 
it  grows  in  a  different  position  from  the  Potato,  to 
which  one  would  at  first  be  inclined  to  liken  it. 
There  is  considerably  more  fibre  in  the  Dahlia  and 
much  less  starchy  matter.  The  Potato  "tubers" 
branch  off  from  stems  (as  shown  in  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  some  years  ago ;  or,  from  underground 
stems,  which  latter,  I  fancy,  are  much  like  roots  in 
structure  and  outward  appearance. 

Tubers,  however,  of  Begonia  seem  exactly  similar 
to  a  swollen  root,  such  as  we  have  in  Cyclamen, 
except  for  the  fact  that  in  many  points  on  its  surface 
are  swellings  afterwards  to  develope  into  leaves  and 
stems  (fig.  37,  p.  198).  Gesnera,  also,  as  shown  inan 
accompanying  sketch,  has  similar  swellings  given  off 
from  the  tuber,  also  from  the  stem  immediately  above 
(fig.  38,  p.  198).  Oxalis  hirta  (fig.  40,  p.  201)  has  a 
swollen  bulb-like  root,  while  smaller  undeveloped 
bulb  like  growths  appear  at  regular  intervals  on  the 
stem  above  (fig.  40,  a,  a,  a),  growing  much  as  leaves 
and  scales  would.  Fibrous  roots  also  are  given  off 
from  this  upper  stem.  The  Oxalis  family  is  a  good 
instance  of  very  varied  roots  among  the  same  class  of 
plants.  An  illustration  is  appended  of  the  fleshy, 
swollen  root  of  Oxalis  purpurea  (fig.  39,  p.  201). 

Tydaea  further  seems  to  have  in  the  upper  part 
of  its  root  a  collection  of  scales  growing  from  a 
thread-like  fibre  ;  whilst  Cepheelis  ipecacuanha 
has  a  somewhat  similar  root,  called  annulated,  it 
appearing  to  be  '*  ringed"  throughout  a  greater  part 
of  its  length. 


Bulbous  Roots. 

There  is  a  great  class  of  underground  growth, 
various  forms  of  which  we  call  roots,  or  bulbs,  and 
corms,  somewhat  similar  to  the  tubers  of  the  Potato 
we  just  noticed. 

Bulbs  we  may  dismiss  at  once.  They  have  roots 
growing  from  the  "plate  "  or  more  solid  part  at  their 
base,  which  root  we  have  referred  to  when  treating  of 
monocotyledonous  roots.  The  bulbs  are  seen  to  be 
leaves  more  or  less  closely  growing  together,  as  in 
Lilium  auratum  or  in  Allium  (see  fig.  4'.  P-  201). 

CoRMs  AND  Tubers. 

A  "  corm  "  is  the  name  given  to  the  fleshy  expan- 
sion, much  like  bulbs,  around  the  stem  or  central 
column,  as  met  with  in  Gladiolus  or  Crocus.  They 
also  have  fibrous  roots  given  off  from  a  ring  at  their 
base,  which  ring  is  the  outermost  part  of  the  "  plate, 
showing  in  its  centre  the  sort  of  "  callus  "  left  by 
severing  its  connection  with  a  previous  year's  corm. 

Terrestrial  Orchid  roots  I  should  have  referred  to 
earlier.  They  are  of  many  shapes,  either  quite 
round,  or  shaped  like  the  palm  and  fingers  of  a  hand. 
Like  the  swollen  growths  so  well  known  in  Ranun- 
culus Ficaria,  they  serve  to  store  up  nutriment.  (The 
latter  remarkably  resemble  Potatos  in  this  respect — 
that  from  any  one  of  them  fresh  plants  will  grow  ; 
they  are  also  borne  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  as  well 
as  produced  underground.) 

The  fibrous  roots  of  Orchids,  and  the  similar 
growths  of  Ranunculus  Ficaria,  are  both  accompanied 
by  fibrous  roots,  which  are  the  true  feeding  parts  of  the 
plant,  the  growth  in  Ranunculus  not  being  considered 
as  really  roots. 

Rhizomes. 

We  have  in  addition  to  all  the  foregoing  kinds  of 
roots  and  similar  structures,  a  large  number  of  growths 
which  partly  resemble  a  root  and  partly  resemble  a 
stem,  growing  upon  or  under  the  ground.  We  will  not 
treat  of  these  in  any  detail  ;  they  so  essentially  differ 
in  most  cases,  when  somewhat  closely  examined,  from 
any  root  as  developed  from  the  seed,  or  from  parts  of 
the  stem,  when  also  these  branch  off. 

We  have  for  example  PetaUtes,  Lysimachia  verti- 
cillata,  also  many  Ferns,  as  Pteris  and  Polypodium  ; 
but  among  Ferns  buds  only  are  given  off  from  their 
extremities. 

We  might  note  as  differences  between  these 
structures  and  roots — 

A.  They  develope  leaf-buds,  or  extremities  even- 
tually appear  above  ground. 

B.  If  slit  up  with  a  knife  most  are  filled  with  pith, 
which  we  never  notice  among  ordinary  roots. 

c.  Often  these  growths  are  jointed  and  ringed  as 
the  stems  of  the  same  plant,  as,  for  example,  Equi- 
setum  and  Mentha. 

They  grow  on  various  forms  along  the  ground,  as  in 
Iris  when  they  are  called  rhizomes  ;  as  suckers  from 
below  the  ground  on  Roses.  The  runners  of  Straw- 
berry or  of  that  very  interesting  little  alpine,  Saxifraga 
flagellaris,  are  more  easily  recognisable  as  stems,  al- 
though, like  roots,  they  turn  towards  moisture  and 
the  earth. 

Various  other  Forms. 

All  of  these  develope  fibrous  or  more  thickly 
swollen  roots  from  various  places  throughout  their 
length. 

We  have  many  swollen  roots  or  stems  resembling 
roots  of  large  size  or  twisted  curious  shape,  as  in 
Ipomoea  sp.,  from  the  Tropics,  and  Testudinaria.  They 
evidently  serve  as  store  places  for  food,  or  may  be 
useful  to  counteract  effects  of  continued  droughts. 

Roots  may  differ  greatly  in  shape  according  to  the 
position  in  which  they  grow.  Roots  of  Chlorophyton 
Sternbergii,  instead  of  being  green  and  little  more 
than  abrous,  become  white  and  quite  fleshy,  like 
small  white  Radishes,  when  grown  in  the  ground. 

Roots  of  Parasites. 

Roots  of  parasites  we  cannot  well  see  without  a 
microscope  and  careful  dissection.  They  will  enter 
the  central  tissue,  and  abstract  nutriment  from  thence. 

Of  aerial  (adventitious)  roots  we  have  many  forms. 
They  generally  are  so  provided  that  they  can  abstract 
nutriment  from  the  moisture  in  the  atmosphere  in 
which  they  grow.  In  Monsteia  I  have  noticed  two 
sets  of  these  roots  ;  some  smaller  ones  held  the  stems 
to  a  base  up  which  it  was  climbing— larger  ones,  like 
rods,  grew  straight  to  the  ground  and  branched  there, 
the  latter  chiefly  supplying  nutriment. 
(To  te  emHiutd.') 


iHijiett   ffllaitt^. 


DENDROBIUM   WILLIAMSIANUM,  Rchi.  f. 

What  a  pleasure  it  is  to  make  at  last  a  personal 
acquaintance  with  a  friend.  This  species  wa;  dis- 
covered by  Mr.  Goldie  on  or  near  New  Guinea  as 
early  as  1877.  Plants  and  dried  flowers  and  a  .'•ketch 
came  then  into  the  hands  of  our  excellent  veteran, 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  who  is  well  known  to  have  an 
especial  hobby  for  Dendrobia.  When  I  published 
the  description,  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1878, 
May  25,  p.  652,  I  said  :  "  A  certain  kind  o(  a 
sketch  that  I  cannot  fully  admire."  The  lip  was 
represented  as  depending  [pendulous],  which  was  an 
offence  to  my  orchidic  feeling. 

Now,  after  so  long  a  time,  Mr.  B.  S,  Williams 
h,is  succeeded  in  getting  the  plants  of  1S7S  to  bloom — 
an  excellent  work  indeed.  A  grand  peduncle  bears  five 
flowers  which  are  as  large  as  those  of  Dandrobium 
Dilhouseianum,  but  with  the  shape  of  those  of  the 
bigibbum  tribe.  I  could  not  help  thinking  a  mnment 
of  Aganisia  cyanea,  so  comparable  are  both  tournurt 
and  texture  of  the  flowers.  The  chin  is  neatly  angu- 
lale,  with  another  angle  standing  in  front.  The 
oblong  sepals  and  petals  are  light  nankin,  petals 
washed  on  the  disc  with  light  purple.  The  lip  is 
upright,  appressed  to  the  column,  blunt  rhombic, 
channelled  on  the  midline  of  the  underside,  purple, 
with  two  whitish, roundish  areas,  one  on  each  side  of 
the  base.  There  run  three  low  keels  from  the  base  to 
the  anterior  disc,  where  they  rise  in  three  much  higher 
dark  rhombic  keels.  The  column  is  mottled  and 
freckled  in  front  with  numerous  purple  spots  under 
the  fovea,  and  the  lower  dark  purple  region  is  inter- 
rupted by  a  light  zone,  angulate  in  mid.  Anther 
purple,  white  at  the  base. 

Decidedly  it  is  a  noble  beauty.  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams 
must  be  congratulated  on  such  great  success,  quite 
useful  to  inspirit  one  in  these  days  o(  energetic,  some- 
times too  energetic,  competition.   H.  G,  Rchb.f. 

Dendrobium  pogoniates,  k.  sp* 
This  is  a  tiny  botanical  curiosity,  nothing  more.  I 
was  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  James  O'Brien,  of  Har- 
row-onthe-Hill,  who  informed  me  that  it  came  from 
North  Borneo.  It  has  the  habit  of  a  miniature 
Dendrobium  fimbriatum,  i  foot  high.  The  Sowers, 
on  arrival,  were  light  yellow  with  an  orange  tip.  The 
differences  from  Dendrobium  sphegidoglossum,  Rchb. 
;  strigosum,  Lindl.),  its  nearest  ally,  ate  very  m  uked. 
The  mentum  forms  a  much  longer  retuse  cylinder.  The 
lip  has  a  long  projecting  mid-lobe  with  much  longer 
fringes  and  hairs,  and  no  hippocrepic  callus  at  the  top, 
being  quite  even.  The  column  has  not  the  long 
groove  in  front  under  the  stigmatic  hollow,  but  it  is 
divided  at  the  base  into  two  shanks.  I  obtained  sub- 
sequently a  piece  with  two  young  shoots,  which  are 
almost  fusiform,  with  linear-lanceolate  leaves,  un- 
equally bilobed  at  apex.   H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Zygopetalum  leopardinum,  k.  hybr.  Angl,, 
Horl.  Veilch. 

Quandoque  bonus  dot  mitat  Homerus  !  Mr.  Seden 
has  raised  this  lovely  gem  at  the  Royal  Exotic 
Nursery  of  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  but  the  certi- 
ficat  iforigine  is  not  to  be  had,  in  spite  of  the  careful 
Sedenian  habits.  It  is  a  novel  thing,  that  you  see 
with  pleasure.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  light 
greenish-yellow,  with  very  numerous  small  cinnamon- 
coloured  spots,  some  oblong,  some  hieroglyphic.  On  the 
outer  surface  they  are  pale,  yet  showing  the  spots  in 
the  same  manner  as  in  the  leaves  of  a  Vriesia  musaica 
or  Morreni.  The  inside  reminds  one  o(  an  Ansellia. 
The  lip  consists  of  an  epichile  and  a  hypochile.  The 
latter  consists  of  the  two  angular  side-lacinias,  which 
are  quite  connate,  with  an  apparently  nearly  flat, 
broad  callus,  bearing  its  thirteen  teeth  in  front,  and 
furrowed   near   the  anterior  margin.     This  callus  is 

"  DendrohivtK  {S trachyobivm)  pogoniates,  n.  sp.— AflF  ac 
persimile  Dendrobio  fiphegidoglosso,  Rchb.  f.  :  racemi-i  capil- 
laribus  paucifioris:  bracteis  ovatis  apiculatis  ovaria  pedi- 
ccUata  dimidio  subaequantibus  :  sepalis  triangulo  laticeis  ; 
mento  cylindrato  retuso  ovarium  pedicell  ilum  dimidium  sub- 
aquante  ;  tepalis  cuneato  oblorgis  acutis  antice  minute 
denticulatis ;  labello  cuneato-antice  dilatato  trifido  :  l.icinii5 
lateralibus    oblcngis  ciliatis.   lacnia  antica  mediana  product* 

oblcnga  valde  t«rbaia«  callosa  :  cclumra  VaM  infirra  simplid- 

ter     bicruii    nee     artro    fieso   mtinila.       Florea    albo-fiavidl. 

Labellum  aurantiacum.      Ex   Eornfco   boreali    fid.   cl.   JamM 

O'Brien.  H.  C.  Rekt.  f. 


200 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[August  14,  1886. 


ochre  coloured,  with  deep  mauve  ridges  and  teeth. 
It  is  by  no  means  such  an  upright  wall  as  in  Zygope- 
talum  maxillare  and  obtusatum  (till  1886  Sir  Trevor's 
monopoly,  but  which  has  now  appeared  with  Mr.  F. 
Sander).  It  reminds  one  of  some  Warscewiczellas 
and  Pescatoreas.  The  epichile  is  a  transverse  oblus- 
angular  cordiform  blade,  of  the  warmest  purple-mauve, 
exceedingly  beautiful.  The  column  is  of  a  reddish- 
mauve,  and  has  two  small  auricles,  one  on  each  side 
of  the  fovea.  No  doubt  Mr.  Harry  Veitch  is  right 
when  speaking  of  Zygopetalum  maxillare,  but  which 
was  the  other  parent  ?— perhaps  Zygopetalum  Burkei. 
II  Mr.  Seden  would  help  us  for  these  mules  we  might 
come  to  the  point.  The  leaf  is  narrow.  Bulbs  were 
not  sent.    We  do  not  wonder  at  that !  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


A  TRIP  TO   CHIRIQUI. 

(Contmued from  f.  167.) 

Wr  left  the  Mission  early  on  the  Friday  morning  and 
proceeded  to  make  our  way  down  the  river.  All  the 
rapids  were  passed  successfully,  but  not  without  con- 
siderable trouble,  as  the  river,  which,  on  our  way  up, 
was  swollen  with  the  tropical  rains  of  several  previous 
days,  had  now  subsided  to  its  ordinary  level. 

Specimens  of  a  splendid  scarlet  Passiflora  (Pa^si- 
flora  vitifolia)  were  seen  and  collected  at  a  bend  of 
the  river  where  it  overhung  one  of  the  eddying  pools 
so  frequently  met  with.  It  is  known  to  the  natives 
as  the  "Caboona,"  but  as  this  name  is  applied  in- 
discrimately  to  several  species,  it  could  not  alone  be 
recognised  by  that  appellation.  I  found  several 
species  of  this  class  of  plants  in  different  localities,  one 
among  them  being  of  special  interest  as  it  produced 
hne  large  edible  ftuit,  similar  in  appearance  to  that 
of  Passiflora  laurifolia,  L,  the  Pomme  d'Or  of  the 
French  West  India  Islands,  but  over  twice  the  size. 
This  together  w  ih  one  very  much  smaller  was  also 
known  as  the  *'Caboona." 

On  leaching  that  portion  of  our  route  where  the 
surrounding  district  consisted  of  flat  alluvial  we  noted 
several  extensive  Banana  plantations.  I  was  informed 
on  reliable  authority  that  from  the  time  of  planting 
to  the  production  of  fruit  only  some  nine  or  ten 
months  were  required,  and  the  plants  from  their 
thriving  and  luxuriant  appearance  would  assist  to 
bear  out  this  statement.  They  were  planted  in 
stiaight  rows  some  10  to  12  feet  apart,  and  were 
producing  enormous  bunches  of  splendid  fruit  at  the 
time  of  our  visit.  So  productive  are  these  planta- 
l.ons  becoming  on  this  and  other  rivers  in  the  locality 
that  large  steamers  begin  to  come  in  regularly  to  load 
for  the  American  market,  and  when  It  is  considered 
that  the  depth  of  water  in  the  lagoon  is  sufficient 
to  allow  them  to  came  to  within  easy  distance  of  an 
hour  or  a  hour  and  a  half's  journey  by  canoe,  it  will 
easily  be  seen  what  a  profitable  business  it  is  likely 
to  become  in  the  near  future.  The  transit  of  the 
fruit  from  the  plantations  to  the  steamers  is  all  per- 
formed by  large  Cedar  canoes  similar  to  the  one  in 
which  we  were  travelling,  or  in  larger  ones  dug  out 
from  the  enormous  Cotton  trees. 

Rice  was  growing  wild  on  the  river  banks,  and 
appeared  to  be  of  good  quality. 

Several  large  Cane  fields  were  also  seen,  and 
Canes  15  to  20  feet  high  were  common  objects. 

We  landed  about  noon  at  Mr.  Riley's  house,  and 
we  were  invited  to  take  a  walk  along  the  adjacent 
property  situated  on  the  shores  of  the  lagoon.  Here 
again  we  found  the  "Soopa"  was  highly  esteemed,  and 
numerous  specimens  were  under  cultivation.  Vanilla 
was  also  a  common  plant,  as  well  as  in  the  majority 
of  places  visited,  and  though  but  little  fruit  was  seen, 
the  vines  bore  traces  of  recent  abundant  crops.  It  is 
cured  here  by  simply  drying  in  the  sun,  the  pods 
being  gathered  when  full,  and  before  they  commence 
to  turn  yellow.  We  brought  some  home  with  us, 
which  in  aroma  was  far  preferable  to  that  usually 
purchased.  The  pods  were  not  so  long  as  those  of 
the  ordinary  commercial  kind,  so  that  it  is  probably 
a  different  species,  or  possibly  a  variety  only  of  the 
commercial  article. 

Several  Ferns  were  noticed,  and  the  herbage  on  the 
beach  consisted  principally  of  the  salt  loving  sedges, 
interspersed  with  Eleusine  and  Stenotaphrum,  both 
good  pasture  grasses. 

Near  the  house  was  a  large  leguminous  tree,  which 
was  here  known  as  the  "  Guaoga,"  but  though  it 
bore  considerable  resemblance  to  the  tree  known 
under  that  name  in  Jamaica,  it  was  not  the  same. 
It  is  a  tall  umbrageous  tree,  with  bijugate  leaves  and 


brown  hairy  pods,  somewhat  falcate  in  outline,  and 
6—8  inches  in  length.  These,  when  open,  are  found 
to  contain  a  sweet  mucilaginous  pulp,  which  enve- 
lopes the  seeds,  which  when  freed  from  their  cover- 
ing were  of  a  chocolate  colour.  The  pulp  much 
resembles  that  covering  the  seeds  of  Theobroma, 
and  has  a  pleasant  sub-acid  taste. 

There  were  also  plenty  of  Cocoa-nut  trees,  which 
found  a  congenial  home  in  the  sandy  soil  of  the 
beach,  but  on  tasting  them  as  "water  Cocoa-nuts  " 
we  found  that  they  were  much  inferior  in  flavour  to 
those  grown  on  the  islands  in  the  lagoon,  but  the  ripe 
nuts  are  equal  in  size  and  quality  to  those  grown  in 
other  places. 

The  land  near  the  house  consisted  principally  of 
swampy  alluvial  and,  probably  in  consequence  of  the 
recent  rains,  exhaled  an  odour  anything  but  pleasant. 
On  putting  a  question  to  Mr.  Riley  as  to  the  healthi- 
ness of  the  locality,  we  were  informed  that  during  a 
residence  of  sixteen  years  he  had  suffered  about  two 
hours  illness  only. 

After  a  stay  of  some  two  hours  we  bade  adieu  to 
Mr.  Riley,  and  embarked  for  our  homeward  voyage. 
Through  the  passage  the  lagoon  is  studded  with 
numerous  small  cays,  consisting  of  mere  coral  rock 
covered  with  Mangrove  trees.  The  mention  of 
Mangrove  trees  here  reminds  me  that  I  have  some- 
where seen  it  mentioned  that  these  plants  appear  to 
be  of  little  economic  value.  It  was  my  fortune,  how- 
ever, to  notice  a  use  to  which  they  were  put  by  a 
Creole  settler,  which,  to  say  the  least,  was  very 
suggestive  of  the  benefit  they  can  be  made  to  pro- 
duce by  a  proper  application  of  their  powers  of 
existence. 

On  an  island  in  the  lagoon,  on  the  side  affected  by 
the  most  prevalent  winds,  a  settler  had  a  number  of 
Cocoa-nut  trees  ;  he  found  that  they  were  planted  too 
near  the  water,  and  that  in  consequence  they  were 
being  undermined  and  washed  away  by  the  surf 
This  was  at  a  point  between  two  small  cays 
covered  with  Mangrove,  and  situated  about  a  stone's- 
throw  from  the  land.  He  appeared  to  have  con- 
ceived the  idea  that  if  he  could  plant  a  line  of  Man- 
grove in  the  shallow  water  so  as  to  connect  the  two 
cays  he  would  prevent  the  wash  affecting  his  Cocoa- 
nuts.  He  therefore  planted  several  rows  of  the  tree 
in  calm  weather,  and  when  we  saw  them  they  were 
thriving  vigorously,  and  promised  soon  to  present  an 
effectual  barrier  to  the  wash  of  the  sea  waves. 

We  reached  our  quarters  at  about  9  A.M.,  after 
spending  some  twenty-six  hours  in  an  open  canoe  on 
not  the  safest  of  waters. 

The  following  day  or  two  was  devoted  to  the  dry- 
ing of  the  specimens  already  procured  ;  but  having 
fairly  recovered  from  the  effects  of  our  journey,  we 
were  invited  early  one  morning  to  "take  a  walk." 
This  consists  in  taking  a  paddle  in  a  canoe,  probably 
for  some  miles.  We  accepted  the  invitation,  and 
found  that  our  guides  intended  to  show  us  the  provi- 
sion grounds,  &c.,  situated  on  "  Nancy's  Cay,"  in  the 
chart  "Solarte  Cay."  Here  almost  as  soon  as  we 
landed  we  came  upon  thickets  of  Bactris  horrida,  the 
"  Pork-and-dough-boy  "or  "  Poke-under-boy  "  of  the 
colonists.  This  name  appears  to  extend  for  some 
considerable  distance  in  Central  America,  but  its 
origin  is  involved  in  no  little  doubt.  From  the  use  to 
which  the  plant  is  put,  in  the  district  we  traversed,  it 
would  appear  to  be  pretty  certain  that  to  that  use  it 
owes  its  derivation.  The  stems  of  the  Palm  are 
strong,  hard,  and  some  12  to  15  feet  in  length,  and 
about  I  inch  to  ij  inch  in  diameter,  and  are  the 
favourite  rods  used  for  propelling  canoes  when  in 
shallow  water,  hence  "  Poke-under-boy  " — the  rods 
being  used  in  a  similar  manner  to  the  punt  pole  of 
English  rivers. 

We  also  met  with  another  Geonoma,  a  small  but 
handsome  Palm,  very  similar  to  those  we  saw  on  the 
Wari-Biarra. 

We  also  procured  seeds  of  the  "Simba  Gum"  tree. 
These  were  about  the  size  of  small  Nutmegs,  and, 
like  them,  were  covered  with  a  reddish  arillus,  or 
fleshy  covering,  much  resembling  the  Mace  of  com- 
merce. The  "Samba  Gum, "  when  first  produced 
from  the  tree,  is  a  yellowish  creamy-looking  liquid, 
which  after  a  time  becomes  hard  and  somewhat 
resinous,  and  when  in  that  condition  resembles  the 
"  Hog  Gum  "  of  Jamaica,  the  produce  of  Symphonia 
globulifera,  if,  indeed,  it  is  not  the  produce  of  the 
same  tree,  for  it  has  not  yet  been  our  fortune  to 
obtain  seeds  and  botanical  specimens  of  the  Jamaica 
plant. 
There  were  several  Tree  Ferns  and  Selaginella  s. 


but  the  most  curious  was  the  singular  climbing  Also- 
phila  blechnoides  ;  this  was  present  in  large  quan- 
tities, and  in  the  single  frond  very  much  resembles 
Oleandra  nodosa,  Pil,  of  the  Jamaica  Fern  flora,  but 
the  distinction  is,  however,  very  apparent  upon  closer 
examination.  We  also  gathered  Ryania  speciosa, 
belonging  to  a  genus  closely  allied  to  the  Passifloreae, 
and  a  curious  Anonaceous  plant,  probably  a  Xylopia, 
which  exhales  a  perfume  very  similar  to  the  allied 
Canaga  odorata,  which  gives  the  name  to  the  cele- 
brated "  Canaga  Water  "  sold  by  perfumer?. 

A  day  or  two  afterwards  we  bent  our  way,  by 
canoe,  of  course,  to  the  settlement  of  "  Boques 
Mouth,"  formerly  mentioned  as  the  local  name  of 
what  is  known  to  navigators  as  Bocas  del  Drago,  or 
Mouth  of  the  Dragon.  This  settlement  consisted  of 
a  few  houses  only,  but  its  thriving  condition  will  be 
indicated  when  it  is  mentioned  that  at  the  time  of  our 
visit  a  chapel  was  in  course  of  erection  capable  of 
seating  over  200  people,  and  that  without  any  extra- 
neous help.  We  noticed  on  the  sea-beach  an  enor- 
mous tree  of  Achras  sapota,  the  "  Sapadilla,"  or 
"Zipatilla"  locally,  but  the  "Naseberry"  of  Jamaica 
It  was  laden  with  fruit  of  very  large  size.  Sea  Grapes 
and  Mangroves  abounded  in  the  more  swampy  dis- 
tricts immediately  on  the  beach,  but  the  inner  lands 
were  dry,  and  were  producing  vegetation  of  the  ordi- 
nary tropical  character. 

Leaving  Boques  Mouth,  we  again  came  down  the 
lagoon  to  the  "haul  over"  near  Bocas  del  Tora,  on 
Columbus  Island,  and  here  we  left  our  boatmen, 
and  made  our  way  on  foot  to  the  homestead  of 
Pedro  Lopez,  one  of  the  principal  residents,  to  pay 
him  a  visit,  and  afterwards  for  a  stroll  through  the 
bush. 

We  collected  many  specimens  in  the  woods,  the 
most  interesting  being  a  Pteiis,  a  Trichomanes  of  very 
minute  proportion,  and  an  Alchoroea.  This  latter 
was  growing  in  a  pasture  at  sea-level,  and  appeared 
to  be  the  same  species  which  is  indigenous  to  the 
Jamaica  hills,  but  is  never  found  on  the  plains  of  this 
island.  This  instance  has  a  parallel  in  the  plants 
found  by  Mr.  Morris  growing  on  the  sea-shore  in 
British  Honduras  which  in  Jamaica  are  only  to  be 
found  in  the  highest  mountains.  The  fact  has  not 
been  explained,  but  it  is  probable  that  were  a  careful 
search  made  into  the  microscopical  structure  of  these 
plants,  it  would  be  found  that  their  cells  are  con- 
structed so  as  to  render  them  more  dependent  upon  a 
regular  supply  of  moisture  than  upon  a  higher  or 
lower  degree  of  temperature.  The  humid  character 
of  the  atmosphere  is  nearly  constant  in  the  localities 
in  which  these  plants  are  found,  and  the  rainfall  in 
the  two  places  is  believed  to  be  nearly  equal  in  annual 
average. 

The  Banana  plantations  on  this  gentleman's  pro- 
perty were  examples  of  good  cultivation.  The  ground 
selected  for  their  growth  consisted  principally  of  a 
stiff  yellow  clay  covered  with  black  alluvial  inter- 
mixed with  innumerable  sea-shells,  through  which 
the  land-crabs  are  ever  bringing  up  the  subsoil  to  the 
surface,  thus  raising  it  gradually  higher  and  higher 
above  sea-level. 

After  a  short  trip  through  the  woods,  we  again 
returned  to  the  house.  We  soon  got  afloat,  however, 
and  two  athletic  Indians  rapidly  took  us  across  the 
bay  to  Bocas  del  Tora.  Here  we  were  furnished 
with  a  canoe,  and  were  soon  speeding  homewards 
towards  Old  Bank.  Although  the  confidence  of  the 
boatmen  tended  to  give  us  considerable  nerve,  we 
felt  much  safer  on  shore  than  we  did  in  crossing 
the  boiling  cauldron  of  the  Bull's  Mouth,  and  we 
were  very  thankful  to  have  succeeded  in  crossing  it 
safely. 

Next  day  we  a^ain  went  on  a  visit  to  "Solarte 
Cay,"  and  discovered  a  very  handsome  dwarf  Palm 
known  locally  as  the  "Kiss-kiss."  It  has  a  small 
stem  2^3  inches  in  diameter,  and  somewhat  in  ap- 
pearance like  a  Sugar-cane.  It  has  pinnate  leaves 
finely  cut  at  the  base  and  abruptly  terminated  at 
the  apex.  It  has  a  large  spreading  panicle,  which 
before  expanding  is  enclosed  in  a  short,  smooth,  boat- 
shaped  spathe.  Here  we  found  several  Adiantums, 
a  Pteris,  and  another  Trichomanes,  and  procured 
seeds  of  the  small  Swallow-tail  Palm  seen  on  our  last 
visit. 

Next  day  we  crossed  to  the  town  of  Bocas  del  Tora, 
locally  "  Bocatora,"  with  the  intention  of  paying  a 
visit  to  Senor  Pardon,  the  "  Political  Judge,"  or  per- 
son in  authority  for  the  district. 

The  remaining  days  of  our  visit  were  spent  mostly 
indoors,  on  account  of  the  very  inclement  weather 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


201 


which  prevailed  at  the  time  ;  but  even  during  this 
time  I  was  fully  occupied  in  drying  and  properly  pre- 
serving the  specimens  I  had  already  secured.  One  of 
the  specimens  thus  brought  to  us  was  the  fruit  of  a 
Passiflora,  called  the  "Wild  Granadilla  "  locally.  It 
was  a  ripe  fruit  i  inch  in  diameter,  bright  scarlet  in 
colour,  having  a  very  thin  papery  pericarp  with  light 
coloured  transverse  and  longitudinal  markings.  It 
contained  a  very  pleasant  sweet  pulp,  and,  being  fully 
ripe,  seeds  were  duly  secured,  and  I  am  glad  to  say 
safely  transported  to  this  island,  where  they  are  now 
growing  freely.  It  is  a  pretty  species,  and  was  found 
on  a  small  island  called  Careening  Cay,  forming  the 
tongue  of  the  Bull's  Mouth.  Another  plant  of 
interest  of  which  seed  was  brought  to  us  was  Elais 
guineensis,  or  the  African  Oil  Palm,  which  has  pro- 
bably been  introduced  in  a  similar  manner  as  it  was 


into  Jamaica  from  the  coast  of  Western  Africa,  We 
also  had  a  fruit  of  the  true  Passiflora  quadrangularis 
brought  to  us  under  the  name  of  "Granadilla."  I  had 
not  seen  the  fruit  of  this  plant  for  some  twenty  years, 
but  it  has  often  occurred  to  me  that  the  name  "  Gra- 
nadilla "  was  probably  applied  indiscriminately  to  the 
two  kinds,  i.e.^  Passiflora  macrocarpa  and  P.  qua- 
drangularis, the  former  of  which  is  known  and  grown 
in  Jamaica  as  the  "Granadilla."  The  difference 
between  the  two  varieties  is  not  so  much  in  the  size 
and  shape  of  the  leaves,  which  are  very  similar,  but 
in  the  different  form,  size,  and  flavour  of  the  fruit 
[and  specially  in  the  construction  of  the  flower.  Ed.]. 
The  Iruit  of  P.  quadrangularis  is  in  size  about  one- 
third  less  than  that  of  P.  macrocarpa,  more  oval  in 
shape,  and  of  a  darker  green  colour.  It  is  much 
superior  to  the  ordinary  fruit  known  as  the  "  Grana- 
dilla." 

The  fruit  of  Bromelia  pita  was  also  brought  to 
us.  This  is  the  "  Silk  Grass  "  of  the  district,  and 
is  the  plant  from  which  all  the  Indian  hammocks, 


bags,  &c.,  are  manufactured.  It  has  leaves  some- 
times over  10  feet  in  length,  in  appearance  not  unlike 
those  of  the  "  Penguin  "  of  Jamaica,  but  the  fruit  of 
the  plant  is  much  more  like  the  Pine-apple,  as  it  rises 
on  a  stem  3  or  4  feet  long  from  the  crown  of  the 
plant,  and  the  pips  are  aggregated  together  in  a 
similar  manner  to  that  fruit.  The  bracts  are  much 
more  distinct,  bright  scarlet,  and  close  together,  and 
the  pips  are  much  smaller  than  those  of  the  Pine- 
apple, and  not  of  such  succulent  nature.  It  is  very 
handsome,  and  were  it  not  for  the  somewhat  unwieldly 
proportions  of  the  plant  producing  it  would  be  of 
some  interest  as  an  ornamental  fruit. 

The  Bread-fruit  was  a  tree  we  found  abundant  in  all 
the  islands,  and  was  tended  in  every  place  with  much 
care,  as  it  is  one  of  the  favourite  plants  selected  by 
the  "  We- We  "  ant  for  the  display  of  its  depredatory 
powers.  It  nevertheless  thrives  well,  and  produces 
fruit  in  abundance.  "  Cassava,"  as  a  rule,  is  not  so 
prolific  as  in  some  of  the  drier  districts  in  Jamaica, 
but  it  is  generally  cultivated  by  both  Creoles  and 
Indians.  Tobacco  is  grown,  but  is  of  very  inferior 
quality.  Limes  are  plentiful,  but  Oranges  are  scarce, 
rendered  so  by  the  constant  attacks  of  the  "  We- We" 
upon  the  leaves  of  the  tree. 

The  Star-apple  was  fairly  common,  and  several 
trees  of  Blighia  sapida,  the  "  Ackee,"  were  in  culti- 
vation near  the  settlements. 


There  is  one  variety  of  Cocoa-nut  which  is  deserv- 
ing of  special  mention.  It  is  called  the  "green- 
skinned,"  and  though  to  all  outward  appearance  it  is 
smaller  than  the  ordinary  kind,  it  is  found  that  when 
denuded  of  its  husk  the  nut  is  very  much  superior  in 
size.  It  is  apparently  quite  as  prolific,  the  trees  are 
as  quick  in  growth  and  quite  as  hardy  as  the  ordinary 
variety.  The  nut  when  ripe  is  about  one-third 
larger,  and  is  much  handsomer  than  the  common  one. 
As  water  Cocoa-nuts  they  contain  a  very  large  quan- 
tity of  liquid  ;  one  we  had  given  us  produced  sufficient 
to  611  a  soda-water  tumbler  once  and  a  half,  and 
we  were  informed  it  was  not  selected  for  its  extra 
size.  It  would  be  well  for  those  who  intend  culti- 
vating the  Cocoa-nut  in  Jamaica  if  they  were  to  seek 
a  supply  of  this  special  kind,  as  without  any  doubt  it 
is  very  much  more  valuable  than  the  common  variety, 
and  would  command  a  much  higher  price  in  any 
market. 

A  destructive  animal  in  the  provision  grounds  is 
the  sloth,  which  is  fairly  numerous.  It  is  a  disgusting 
looking  creature,  and  specially  adapted  in  form  for 
living  in  the  branches  of  trees,  &c.  It  is  to  be  seen 
occasionally  at  mid-day  perched  upon  the  top  of  a 
bunch  of  Bananas  or  Plantains,  leisurely  eating 
them  without  any  apparent  regard  to  external 
objects,  never  leaving  the  bunch  until  it  is  entirely 
consumed. 

Pine-apples  of  the  several  commoner  kinds  are  in 
cultivation  on  the  provision  grounds ;  but  just  as  we 


were  leaving  we  were  presented  with  two  enormous 
fruits  of  a  superior  variety.  I  immediately  recognised 
this  as  being  the  true  Smooth  Cayenne,  a  variety 
which  I  have  not  as  yet  seen  in  Jamaica. 

Inquiring  into  the  history  of  its  introduction  into 
the  inlands,  we  were  told  that  the  plants  were  intro- 
duced from  Jamaica.  It  is  one  of  the  best  varieties 
that  can  be  grown,  and  is  highly  esteemed,  even 
when  produced  under  artificial  cultivation  in  English 
hothouses. 

I  cannot  take  leave  of  this  district  without  mention- 
ing the  immense  tract  of  land  on  the  interior  moun- 
tains, which  without  a  doubt  possess  a  climate  some- 
what similar  to  the  Jamaica  hills. 

Hence  it  follows  that  there  is  plenty  of  room  for 
the  cultivation  of  such  products  as  Cinchona,  Coffee, 
Tea,  &c.,  while  the  coasc  districts  are  suitable  for  the 


growth  of  nearly  all  tropical  products,  &c.  Cacao 
is  at  home  in  the  tracts  near  the  coast,  and  produces 
much  finer  beans  naturally  than  can  be  exhibited  by 
many  other  countries  which  expend  a  large  amount  of 
capital  and  labour  in  its  production. 

We  landed  in  Colon  in  a  pelting  shower,  and  had 
the  misfortune  for  the  first  two  or  three  days  to  meet 
a  continuance  of  the  same  weather. 

I  had  heard  much  of  Colon,  but  1  never  expected 
to  see  anything  so  bad  as  the  state  of  affairs  we  found 
existing.  It  was  not  possible  to  cross  the  streets 
without  the  help  of  the  numerous  old  packing-cases, 
planks,  &c.,  ihat  were  lying  in  every  direction.  The 
streets  are  the  receptacle  for  every  description  of 
rubbish,  and  the  rain  had  reduced  them  into  rivers  of 
liquid  mud,  into  which  the  drivers  of  drays,  &c.,were 
compelled  to  plunge  to  enable  them  to  pass  along,  as 
the  railway  track  in  the  centre  of  the  street  did  not 
permit  of  their  crossing  except  at  certain  points.  In 
many  places  the  streets  were,  for  often  as  much  as  a 
hundred  yards  in  length,   from  2  to  3  feet  deep  in 


20  2 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  18 


mud,  and  I  saw  mules  frequenlly  in  drays  sunk  up  to 
their  shoulders  in  this  abominable  filth. 

It  rained  frequently  during  the  nights,  and  imme- 
diately alter  a  downpour  the  smell  arising  from  the 
disturbed  surface  of  the  saturated  ground,  and  the 
numerous  mud-pools,  was  very  hard  to  put  up  with, 
but  nevertheless  it  had  to  be  borne,  as  we  had  to 
wait  for  six  days  to  get  a  ship  to  Jamaica.  J.  Har:, 
JamaUa. 


THE  AMARYLLIS. 

At  p.  619  of  the  last  volume,  some  remarks  were 
made  about  the  plants  being  grown  on  vigorou.-ly  to 
make  up  for  the  loss  sustained  by  the  production  of 
flowerscapes  and  seed-pods.  They  havi  now  quite 
recovered;  the  seeds  have  been  ripened,  sown,  and 
produced  nice  thrifty  plants,  3  and  4  inches  high. 
These,  when  three  weeks  old,  are  carilully  lified  from 
the  seed  pots  or  pans,  and  are  pricked  out,  twelve 
large  plams  in  a  6  inch  pot,  and  the  same  number  of 
smaller  sized  in  5inch.  As  soon  as  they  are  potted 
in  a  rathtr  open  and  rich  compost,  let  the  pots  be 
plunged  to  the  rim  in  a  bottom-heat  of  about  85°  in  a 
hothouse  temperature.  These  small  seedling  plants 
require  to  be  kept  in  a  free  growing  state,  very  much 
later  than  the  large  bulbs  ;  nor  do  they  become  dor- 
mant during  the  winter.  No  leaves  are  lost,  and 
they  require  but  little  water  at  that  time,  merely 
enough  to  keep  the  soil  from  becoming  dust  dry. 
The  old  plants  do  not  require  very  much  water  now, 
and  they  need  more  sunlight  as  the  nights  lengthen. 
We  admit  air  freely  now,  and  the  plants  are  kept  free 
from  red-spider  and  thrips  by  being  thoroughly 
syringed  occasionally,  not  daily,  as  constant  syringing 
would  cause  some  of  the  bulbs  to  ro',  even  when  they 
are  growing  freely  ;  they  would  be  the  more  liable  at 
this  season  when  growth  is  completed.  J.  Dou.Us. 


THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 
No.  VIII. 

India.— 0,1  entering  the  Exhibition  buildings, 
whether  from  the  Exhibition  Road  or  from  the  sub- 
way, one  cannot  but  be  impressed  with  the  magnitude 
of  the  display  made  by  the  Indian  empire.  Though 
by  far  the  largest  space  is  occupied  by  art  objects,  the 
space  devoted  to  raw  products  is  still  con.iderable, 
and  it  is  in  this— the  economic  section  —that  vegetable 
products  abound,  not  alone  raw  products  but  many 
manufactured  articles  also.  Though  the  Indian 
courts  throughout  lack  that  appearance  of  com'ort 
and  linish  to  be  found  in  the  West  Indian  and  Aus- 
tralian courts,  thsre  is  an  immense  amount  of 
novelty  and  interest  to  the  stay-at  home  Englishman, 
calculated  to  give  him  an  insight  into  Indian  life  and 
habits,  and  to  show  up  the  nature  and  variety  of  pro- 
ductions of  Indian  soil.  To  say  the  least,  the  Indian 
courts  are  bewildering  from  beginning  to  end,  so 
numerous  are  the  exhibits  that  it  is  a  surprise  how 
they  could  have  been  got  together  and  displayed  as 
they  are  in  the  lime. 

Amongst  the  most  attractive  exhibits  in  the 
Economic  court,  the  Indian  shops  certainly  claim  the 
first  notice.  To  the  casual  visitor  the  methods  of 
displaying  the  seeds,  fruits  and  vegetables  in  the 
circular  Bamboo  trays  will  have  a  certain  interest, 
exhibiting,  as  they  do,  such  a  different  mode  of 
trading  to  that  with  which  we  are  accustomed  ;  but 
to  one  who  has  an  interest  in  foreign  vegelable 
products  the  contents  of  each  tray  will  be  more  care- 
fully scrutinised.  In  the  first  shop,  namely,  that  of 
the  "grain  merchant,"  we  find  the  merchant  himself 
engaged  in  weighing  a  seed  not  unknown  in  this 
country  as  an  article  of  food,  namely,  th:  Lentil 
(Lens  esculenta),  an  annual  of  which,  though  it  was 
cultivated  by  the  Hebrews,  and  in  Europe  since  the 
days  of  the  Roman  empire,  the  native  country  is  not 
known.  At  the  present  time  the  Lentil  is  largely 
cultivated  throughout  the  East,  as  well  as  in  many 
parts  of  Europe,  North  Africa,  West  A^ia,  and  North- 
west India.  The  Lentil  Is  known  under  numerous 
varieties,  indicated  by  the  size,  shape,  or  colour  of 
its  seeds— the  small  pinkish-coloured  seed  being  the 
oiie  which  the  grain  merchant  is  engaged  in  weighing. 
Like  Peas,  Lentils  are  seen  in  trade  either  whole, 
split,  or  ground  into  a  kind  of  flour;  in  this  last  form 
they  enter  largely  into  the  composition  of  the  food  so 
much  advertised  as  "  Ervalenta "  or  "Revalenta," 
and  sold  as  an  invalid's  food.  Seeds  also  are  here  shown 
of  Phaseolus  mungo,  known  in  India  as  Green  Gram, 


a  plant  largely  cultivated  under  a  number  of  varieties 
for  food.  The  seeds  are  very  small,  round,  and  in 
some  varieties  of  a  bright  green  colour.  Numerous 
other  seeds  and  grains  of  an  equally  interesting 
character  are  also  shown. 

The  slock  of  the  '*  vegetable  seller  "  consists  of, 
amongst  others,  Papaw  fruits  (Carica  Papaya),  a  tree 
supposed  to  be  originally  a  native  of  the  warm  part 
of  the  American  continent,  but  now  widely  diffused 
through  the  tropic;  of  both  hemispheres.  The  tree 
is  well  known  for  the  peculiar  property  it  possesses 
of  causing  newly  kilUd  meat  to  becime  tender  in  a 
few  hours  by  wrap[)ing  it  in  the  leaves  or  rubbing  it 
it  with  the  juice,  by  causing  a  separation  of  the  mus- 
cular fibres.  The  fruits  when  ripe  are  of  a  yellowish 
colour,  of  an  oblong  or  somewhat  pear  shape,  firm, 
generally  about  S  or  10  inches  long,  with  a  thick 
fleshy  rind,  and  numerous  small  black  seeds.  These 
fruits  are  eaten  when  c:>oked  as  a  vegetable,  or  pre- 
served in  sugar.  The  active  principle  of  the  Papaw 
is  known  as  Papaine,  and  has  attracted  much  atten- 
tion of  late  as  a  remedy  in  diphtheria,  indigestion,  &c. 

Scattered  about  with  other  fruits,  some  real  and 
some  models,  are  the  Carambola  (Averrhoa  Caram- 
bola),  a  tree  belonging  to  the  Geraniaceae,  and  closely 
allied  to  the  Oxalis,  or  Wood  Sorrel ;  another  species, 
the  Blimbing  (Averrhoa  Billmbi),  being  perhaps 
better  known  than  the  Carambola.  Bjth  have  an 
acid  taste,  and  the  latter  is  often  used  as  a  pickle. 
The  peculiar  elongated  war.ed  fruits  of  Momordica 
Charantlas  are  also  shown.  They  are  of  a  reddibh 
or  orange-red  colour,  and  the  plant,  which  is  a  climber, 
is  distributed  in  lodia,  Malay  Islands,  China,  ard 
Tropical  A'rica.  The  Banana  (Musa  sapieiitum). 
Bread-fruit  (Artocarpus  incisa)  and  Cashew  Nut  (.\na- 
cirdium  occidentalc)  wd;  be  more  readily  recognised, 
and  still  more  so  the  Brinjal  or  Aubergine  (Solanum 
Melongena)  as  the  plant  is  largely  cultivated  not  only 
in  India  but  in  nearly  all  warm  countries  for  the  sake 
of  Its  egg-shaped  fruits.  In  France,  indeed,  they  are 
much  esteemed  and  are  not  by  any  means  uucommon 
in  our  own  markets.  The  varieties  however,  are  per- 
haps more  numerous  in  India  than  in  France,  for  the 
fruits  not  only  vary  considerably  in  siz:  but  also  in 
colour,  some  being  white,  while  others  ate  yellow, 
violet,  or  even  nearly  black  ;  several  varieties  are 
shown  by  the  *'  vegetable  seller." 

The  stock-in-trade  of  the  "  fruit  seller  "  comprises' 
many  that  are  well  known  in  the  English  trade,  such  for 
instance,  as  Raisins,  Currants,  Dates,  Figs,  .\lm0nd3, 
&:.  Apricots,  the  fruits  of  Prunus  armenla;a,  are 
also  shown,  but  in  a  dried  state.  These  were  shown 
and  commented  upon  by  Mr  Morris,  in  his  recent 
lecture  on  tropical  fruits,  and  there  seems  no  reason 
why  they  should  not  become  an  article  of  trade  in  this 
country,  for  as  a  dried  fru't  they  are  by  m-ans  to  be 
despised.  In  India  the  Apricot  is  largely  used  for 
food  both  in  the  dried  and  fresh  states,  while  from 
the  kernels  an  oil  is  expressed  which  is  used  for  burn- 
ing in  lamps,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  for  the  hair. 
In  Damascus,  the  stones  are  removed  from  the  fruits 
and  the  pulp  rolled  out  into  thin  sheets,  in  which  form 
it  is  sold  in  the  bazaars. 

Passing  on  to  the  "druggist,"  who  occupies  the 
last  establishment  of  this  group,  we  find,  besides  many 
well-known  articles  which  are  not  only  used  as  drugs 
but  also  as  condiments  or  spices,  or  for  other  culinary 
purposes  wiih  us,  such  as  Ginger,  Capsicum,  &c., 
many  that  will  be  quite  unknown  except  to  the 
student  of  Indian  pharmacy.  Here,  for  instance,  are 
the  flowers  of  Woodfordia  floribunda,  better  known 
perhaps  as  Gtlsha  toraentosa,  a  large  shrub,  belong- 
ing to  the  order  Lythrariere,  and  closely  allied  to  the 
Henna,  common  throughout  India,  ascending  to  an 
elevation  of  5000  feet  in  the  Himalayas,  and  found 
also  in  China,  Tropical  Africa,  and  Madagascar. 
The  flowers  are  mostly  used  in  India  as  a  red  dye  for 
silks.  Near  these  are  some  thin  circular  slices  of  a 
bright  red  colour,  which  will  be  soon  recognised  as 
having  been  cut  from  the  more  or  less  globular  fruit 
of  the  Bael  (.E^le  marmelos),  the  pulp  of  which, 
especially  in  an  unripe  state,  is  astringent,  and  is  used 
in  diatrhcci  and  dysentery,  as  well  as  for  making  a 
conserve,  and  in  the  preparation  of  a  sherbe'.  The 
Bael  is  a  tree  found  in  the  sub-Himalayan  forests, 
from  the  Jhelara  eastwards,  and  Central  and  Siuth 
India  and  Burma.  The  long  black  cylindrical 
pods  of  the  Purging  Cassia,  or  Indian  Labur- 
num (Cassia  fistula),  attract  some  attention  on 
account  of  their  stick- like  form.  The  tree  pro- 
ducing these  pods  grows  to  a  height  of  from 
30  to  50  feet,  and  is  a  native  of  India,  Ceylon,  Java, 


the  Philippines,  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Africa,  and 
has  become  very  largely  planted  in  consequence  of  its 
ornamental  character  (bearing  numerous  racemes  of 
bright  yellow  flowers)  in  the  West  Indies,  Brazil,  and 
Central  America.  It  is,  moreover,  much  valued  as 
an  economic  tree  for  the  sake  of  the  pulp  contained 
in  the  cylindrical  pods,  which  are  pendulous  from  the 
trees,  and  often  grow  to  a  length  of  2  feet.  The 
pulp  has  a  sweetish  taste,  is  of  a  Llackish-brown 
colour,  and  is  used  as  a  mild  laxative.  It  is  imported 
from  the  East  and  West  Indies,  the  finest  quality, 
however,  comes  from  the  latter  country,  some  re- 
markably fine  pods  being  shown  amongst  the  West 
Indian  exhibits.  John  R.  Jacison,  Curator,  Museums, 
Royal  Gardens,  Kcw. 


POTATO    CULTURE. 

Selection  of  Ground.  —  Success  in  Potato 
culture  is  attainable  not  only  in  dilTrircnt  climes,  but 
also  in  a  very  great  variety  of  soils.  Under  otherwise 
favourable  conditions,  the  tuber  will  grow  a;  well  in 
clear  sand  as  in  stiff  clay.  The  happy  medium  is 
generally  the  best. 

A  thin  layer  of  fertile  surface-soil,  resting  upon 
clay  subsoil,  which  is  impervious  to  water,  should 
never  be  used  for  Potatos,  not  even  if  thoroughly 
underdrained.  The  tubers  are  more  apt  to  rot  in 
heavy,  sticky  soils,  particularly  in  a  wet  season,  than 
on  light  sandy  or  gravelly  ones. 

It  is  a  very  common  practice  with  farmers  to  plaot 
Potatos  on  Clover  sod,  ploughed  in  the  spring.  This 
selection  is  a  good  one  ;  provided,  however,  that,  as  in 
the  case  of  young  and  rank-growing  Clover,  the  sod  is 
such  as  to  admit  of  thorough  pulverisation,  or  that  the 
field  can  be  ploughed  early  enough  during  the  summer 
or  fall  previous,  to  give  ample  time  for  the  sward  to 
rot,  and  thus  make  cross-ploughing  practicable. 
Otherwise,  when  the  Clover  field  is  old,  and  the  roots 
of  grasses  and  weeds  are  woven  into  a  tough,  thick 
sward,  which  cannot  be  easily  broken  and  pulverised, 
it  would  be  advisable  to  have  a  crop  of  Wheat,  Rye, 
Oats,  or  corn  precede  the  Potato  crop. 

An  admirable  selection. — For  early  sorts,  clay  loam, 
very  rich  ;  for  late  sorts,  sand  or  gravelly  loam,  of 
medium  fertility.  Naturally  drained,  loose  and 
mellow  Clover  sod,  or  stubble  after  stifT  sod  is  the 
best  imaginable  condition  or  state  of  cultivation  in 
either  case. 

Manure  and  its  Application — Feed  the  Land 
AND  THE  Land  will  Feed  you. 

Coarse,  unfermented  stable  dung  is  nearly  worth- 
less for  the  Potato  crop,  unless  as  a  mulch  on  very 
porous  and  dry  soils.  Thoroughly  rotted  compost  in 
moderate  quantities  is  a  good  fertiliser  for  tall-growing 
varieties,  while  low-growing  early  sorts  are  generally 
benefited  by  more  liberal  applications. 

The  Clover  on  the  pasture  lot  or  meadow  selected 
for  a  Potato  field  should  not  be  grazed  or  cut  very  late 
in  the  fall.  We  could  hardly  wish  for  a  better  fertiliser 
than  a  good  growth  of  Clover,  covered  during  the  fall 
with  a  coat  of  fine  old  manure  or  barnyard  scrapings, 
lighter  or  heavier,  according  to  variety  to  be  planted, 
and.  If  possible,  applied  with  a  Kemp  manure- 
spreader,  or,  at  least,  evenly  and  finely  distributed  by 
means  of  harrow  or  otherwise. 

For  stubble  ground  fall  manuring  can  be  recom- 
mended only  on  condition  that  the  manure  is 
harrowed  and  cultivated  into  the  soil  and  thus  left 
until  spring. 

Oa  land  manured  the  year  previous  Potatos  will  do 
well  without  additional  fertilising,  still  the  application 
of  wood  ashes  or  lim?  often  increase  the  yield. 
Newly  applied  stable  manure  seems  to  attract  the 
wireworms,  and  therefore  has  the  tendency  to  produce 
scab  in  the  tubers.  Coarse  manure  is  a  frequent  cause 
of  prongs,  protuberances,  "  fingers  and  ties." 

Commercial  fertilisers  meet  with  no  objections  of 
this  kind.  The  fairest,  smoothest,  and  best  shaped 
tubers  are  generally  grown  on  well-pulverised  soils 
which  were  fertilised  with  chemical  manures,  or  not 
at  all  the  same  season.  In  recommending  such 
fertilisers,  we  enter  debatable  ground.  While  we 
have  never  f.ailed  to  see  good  results  from  the  applica- 
tion of  phosphates,  &c.,  whenever  we  tried  them  on 
Potatos  or  other  crop;,  there  are  many  cases  on 
record,  as  reported  by  ditTerent  farmers,  where  even 
complete  fertilisers — those  containing  ammonia,  phos- 
phoric acid,  and  potash — utterly  refused  to  respond. 
Still  we  believe  that  the  fault  is  with  the  man  oltener 
than   with  the  material.      Commercial   manures  and 


August  14.  1SS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


•^u3 


chemicals  give  ui  one  ^reat  adi'aDtage.  Of  ihe  three 
most  important  elements,  ammonia,  phosphoric  acid, 
and  potash,  the  soil  may  contain  a  sufficiency  of  one 
or  two.  If  we  know,  from  previous  experiments, 
which  these  elements  are,  it  v/itl  be  only  necessary  to 
supply  the  one  that  is  lacking.  Thus,  our  own  soils 
were  always  delicient  in  phosphoric  acid,  and  there- 
fore greatly  benefited  by  its  application,  next  by  that 
of  potash,  but  not  noticeably  by  ammonia.  On  other 
soils  ashes  or  some  other  forms  of  polash,  either 
alone  or  in  combination  with  phosphoric  acid,  or 
ammonia,  will  }iiaatly  increase  the  yield. 

If  previous  experiments  have  not  been  made  to 
determine  the  relative  proportion  of  these  elements  in 
the  soil,  complete  manures  like  Mapes'  or  Stockhridge 
(Bowker)  special  Potato  feitiliser,  Powell's  Potato 
producer,  &c.,  which  contain  the  three  ingredients  in 
about  the  right  proportion  for  the  crop,  can  be  relied 
on  with  safety.  From  600  lb.  to  Soo  lb.  to  an  acre 
should  be  applied  broadcast,  just  before  planting,  and 
ideeply  harrowed  into  the  soil  ;  or  in  drills,  about  an 
nch  or  two  above  the  seed,  and  covered  by  a  few 
nches  of  soil.  The  well-known  experimenter, 
Sir  J.  B.  Lawes,  of  Rothamsted,  used  300  lb. 
of  sulphate  of  potash  {130  lb.  actual  potash),  350  lb, 
superphosphate  of  lime,  550  lb.  of  nitrate  of  soda,  to 
produce  a  crop  of  400  bushels.  This  means  almost  a 
mere  manufacturing  of  the  crop  out  of  chemical?, 
without  calling  on  the  soil  for  assistance  (as  to  the 
supply  of  raw  material)  ;  and  such  manufacture  might 
be  carried  on  year  after  year  on  the  same  lant'.  The 
cost  of  raw  material  would  be  about  as  follows  ;^ 

300  lb.  of  sulphate  of  potash,  at  -2%  cents  ..  7.=;odol. 
350  lb.  of  supeiphosphate,  at  3J^  cents  ..  1225  ,, 
540  lb,  of  nitrate  of  soda,  at  3  cents  ..  ..      16.20    ,, 


Expensive  as  this  manuring  appears  to  be,  we  could 
well  afford  it  if  thereby  we  make  sure  of  a  crop  of 
400  bushel?. 

Where  unleached  wood  ashes  are  obtainable  at 
little  cost,  they  may  take  place  of  sulphate  of  potash, 
and  perhaps  show  better  results  at  less  expense.  The 
cheapest  source  of  phosphoric  acid  for  Potatos, 
probably,  is  dissolved  South  Carolina  rock,  contain- 
ing about  27  to  30  per  cent,  of  bone  phosphate,  and 
costing  16  dol    per  ton. 

Nitrate  of  soda  is  an  awkward  thing  to  handle,  on 
account  of  its  great  solubility,  and  dear  also.  How- 
ever, it  has  this  one  great  advantage — that  there  is  no 
need  of  applying  it  sooner  than  the  growing  vines 
show  the  lack  of  it.     Never  apply  it  in  the  fall. 

A  rank  growth  of  Clover  or  of  Clover  roots  turned 
under  supplies  all  the  ammonia  needed,  and  is 
generally  the  cheapest  form  in  which  ammonia  can  be 
obtained.  This  manurial  substance  plays  a  very 
impoitant  part  in  giving  thrift  and  luxuriance  to  the 
foliage,  and  while  large  tops  in  themselves  are  not 
onr  object,  we  can  hardly  hope  to  reap  a  large  crop  of 
tubers  wiihout  their  assistance. 

The  supply  of  ammonia,  especially  if  scarce,  should 
be  supplemented— reinforced,  as  it  were,  by  the 
application  of  Potato  pulp  represented  in  a  sufficiency 
of  seed.  Soiitlum  Planter, 


BEGONIAS    AT    MESSRS. 

SUTTON'S. 

It  is  not  without  regret  that  one  sees  the  race  of 
fibrous-rooted  Begonias  making  room  geneially  for  the 
more  showy  tuberous-rooted  species.  We  have  cer- 
tainly lost  in  grace  and  peifame,  if  we  have  gained  in 
brighter  colouring  and  greater  uiefulnes?.  Our  old 
friends  seldom  seemed  happy  except  in  the  height  of 
summer  away  from  the  plant-stove;  and  that  is  ju5t 
the  place  where  visitors  linger  for  the  shortest  time. 
The  newer  tuberous  varieties  are  more  hardy,  due  to 
the  infusion  of  the  Begonia  Sedeni  blood,  and  can  be 
as  appropriately  used  in  the  greenhouse  as  out-of- 
doors. 

The  move  ordinary  type  of  these  at  Reading  are 
robust,  dwarf,  with  much  shorter  nodes  with  more  of 
them,  and  with,  consequently,  greater  floriferousness, 
for  the  tuberous  Begonia  blooms  spring  from  these, 
and  when  they  are  far  apart  there  are  fewer  flowers. 

The  chief  aim  has  been  hhherto  to  procure  round, 
saucer-shaped  flowers,  with  short,  stout  footstalk?,  that 
need  no  artificial  support.  The  colours  of  these  run 
through  scarlet,  crimson,  pink,  and  white.  In  contra- 
distinclion  to  the  above  are  those  that  own  B.  Davisi 
or  B.  Pearcei,  as  one  parent,  in  which  the  flowers  spring 


direct  from  the  tuber,  and  the  whole  habit  of  the  plant 
is  dwarf,  the  flowers  small,  but  making  amends  for  that 
by  great  quantities  of  brilliant  blooms.  Some  of  the 
hybrids  from  B.  Davisi  are  of  varied  shades  of  scarlet 
and  are  more  free  than  the  parent. 

In  a  group  in  one  of  the  houses  was  observed 
some  hybrids,  B.  phosphorescens  x  B.  Pearcei,  that 
possessed  the  handsome,  velvety,  marbled  foliage  of 
the  latter,  with  flowers  ranging  from  light  primrose  to 
deep  copper  colour.  These  were  in  great  variety, 
and  the  handsomely  marked  leaves  greatly  set  cfl  the 
plentiful  crop  of  flowers.  The  habit  of  the  plant  was 
in  all  cases  dwarf. 

These  ought  to  be  acquisitions  in  the  flower  garden 
in  suitable  localities,  and  might  be  made  to  supply 
a  known  want,  that  of  a  good  bronze  or  yellow 
bidder  or  vase  pUnt,  apart  from  the  Calceolaria.  B. 
Meteor  is  one  of  the  more  lustrous  yellow  flowers 
which  has  been  honoured  with  a  name.  B.  Ficcbeli 
in  quantity  was  noticed  in  a  house  by  itself;  it  is 
later  than  most  others  in  coming  into  bloom,  and 
some  curious  shades  of  cherry-red  were  observed. 

Of  the  better  known  I  eiKiing  Begonia  semper- 
tlirens,  there  is  a  selection  from  it  with  pure  large 
white  flowers ;  it  is  named  Reading  Snowflake.  It 
hai  the  desirable  ba'jit  of  flowering  from  midsummer 
till  Christmas.  M. 


Ici[i3ij 


flauj^rs. 


GREENHOUSE  CALCEOLARIAS. 
Any  Old  plants  intended  to  be  grown  again  should 
be  in  a  cool  place,  =uch  as  a  frame  behind  a  north 
wall.  Tney  ought  to  be  repotted,  and  the  stems 
ought  to  be  coveriid  over  with  fine  soil,  to  promote  the 
emission  of  roots  from  the  stems  and  the  base  of  the 
growths.  When  they  have  formed  roots  they  may  be 
divided  into  separate  plants.  If  seeds  are  not  already 
sown,  they  ought  to  be  seen  to  at  once.  A  packet  of 
the  best  seed  ii  a  very  minute  object,  and  a  careless 
operator  might  sow  the  whole  of  them  in  one  spot. 
Lit  the  pot,  or  pan,  in  which  the  seeds  are  to  be  sown 
be  prepared  first,  Fill  it  to  an  inch  of  the  rim  with 
ordinary  potting  mould.  Some  finely  sifted  sandy 
soil  ought  to  be  placed  over  this,  and  be  made  quite 
smooth  by  gentle  pressure.  Now  open  the  packet  of 
seeds  carefully,  and  sow  them  evenly  over  the  sur- 
face, and  juit  caver  thsm  with  clean  sand.  The 
seeds  will  vegetate  best  in  the  frame  behind  the  north 
wall.  A  square  of  glass  ou^ht  to  be  laid  over  the  top 
to  keep  an  equable  state  of  moisture.  After  sowing,  the 
mould  ou^ht  to  be  kept  at  an  even  state  of  moisture. 
If  it  should  become  over-dry  while  the  seeds  ate  vege- 
tating, the  whole  of  the  incipient  plants  would  perish, 
and  the  seedsman  would  be  unjustly  blamed.  Young 
plants  ought  to  be  pricked  out  as  soon  as  possible  as 
they  are  very  liable  to  damp  off  in  the  seed-pans. 

Cinerarias. 

The  young  seedlings  outjht  to  be  pricked  out  this 
month,  and  those  that  were  pricked  out  lasrt  month 
should  now  be  pUced  singly  into  small  6o's.  The 
old  plants  were  divided  last  month,  the  portions  being 
potted  into  small  pots-  The  seedlings  and  old  plants 
ate  now  together  in  frames  facing  the  north.  The 
lights  are  also  shaded  during  the  hottest  part  of  the 
day.  The  plants  have  to  be  kept  quite  free  from 
insect  pests  (thrips  and  green-fly) ;  these  and  the 
Calceolarias  are  both  very  liable  to  be  attacked  by 
them. 

Fuchsias. 

We  have  more  than  one  set  of  these  plants  for 
keeping  up  a  display  during  the  summer  and  autumn 
months.  When  the  plants  are  potted  in  rich  soil,  and 
are  not  allowed  to  suffer  for  want  of  water  at  the 
roots,  they  continue  in  flower  a  long  time  ;  the  shoots 
grow  out  and  continue  to  produce  clusters  of  flowers 
at  their  extremities  until  they  become  rather  unsightly, 
when  they  are  removed  and  their  places  supplied  with 
young  plants  coming  into  flower,  which  have  been  in 
preparation  in  reserve  pits.  These  young  plants  were 
propagated  from  cuttings  in  the  spring;  they  wi'l 
continue  to  produce  flowers  late  in  the  autumn. 
Fuchsias,  Liliums,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  and  Carna- 
tions are  now  the  principal  feature  in  the  greenhouse 
and  conservatory. 

Pelargoniums. 
The  large-flowered    and   small-flowered    or  fancy 


section  a^jain  require  alien' ion  for  next  year's  bloom. 
The  earliest  flowered  plants  were  cut  down  a  month 
ago,  and  have  now  started  sufficiently  to  be  shaken 
out  and  be  repotted  in  smaller  pots  than  those  they 
flowered  in.  This  shaking  out  and  repotting  must 
not  be  delayed  too  long  ;  it  ought  to  be  done  as  soon 
as  all  the  buds  have  slatted.  Some  growers  advise 
placing  the  plants  in  close  frames  or  in  a  gentle 
bottom-heat.  This  is  not  necessary  ;  if  the  opera- 
tion is  done  in  time  not  a  leaf  will  flag,  even  if  the 
pots  are  placed  in  an  airy  greenhouse.  The  best 
time  to  take  cuttings  is  in  May,  and  if  this  was  done 
the  plants  produced  frjra  them  should  now  be  stopped 
if  that  was  not  done  last  month  to  ensure  about  four 
eyes  starting,  or  perhaps  five,  with  a  clear  stem 
undernealh.  If  these  plants  are  now  in  large  6o's 
Ihey  may  be  potted  into  5  inch  or  large  48's,  using 
good  potting  soil  ;  the  four  or  five  stems  pro- 
duced ought  to  be  tied  out  to  form  the  founda- 
tion for  the  future  specimen.  Such  plants  will  form 
nice  flowering  specimens  for  next  year.  The  late 
flowering  plants  have  just  been  cut  down,  and  they 
will  be  allowed  to  start  out-of-doors  ;  but  will  be 
placed  under  glass  as  soon  as  they  are  shaken  out  and 
repotted.     Seeds  saved  now  may  be  sown  at  once. 

Chrysanthemums. 
The  growers  for  exhibition  are  now  daily  amongst 
their  plants,  because  it  is  now  the  time  for  "setting 
the  blooms."  The  flower-buds  are  being  formed,  and 
almost  as  soon  as  quick  eyes  can  discern  them  lateral 
growths  push  out  from  the  stems  immediately  beneath 
the  buds,  and  as  soon  as  these  are  perceived  they  are 
broken  off  with  the  fingers  ;  if  this  is  not  done  the 
growths  would  push  rapidly  past  the  buds,  absorb  all 
the  nourishment  from  them,  and  they  would  not  deve- 
lops into  flowers,  although  a  flower  would  be  pro- 
duced on  each  of  the  growth^,  but  the  food  that 
should  have  gone  to  the  production  of  one  flower 
will  be  diffused  amongst  three  or  four,  which  will  be 
but  indifferent  specimens,  compared  with  what  the 
one  wouli  have  been  that  ihey  destroyed.  Greenfly 
will  also  be  found  sometimes,  clustering  round  the 
points  of  the  young  shoots ;  frequent  applications 
of  tobacco  powder  applied  with  a  pepper-box  will 
destroy  them  ;  the  operation  is  quickly  performed. 
Clasp  the  groivth  lightly  in  the  left  hand,  and  with 
the  right  with  one  or  two  shakes  cover  the  points  with 
powder.  Some  persons  wet  the  leaves  first,  but  I 
apply  the  powder  in  a  dry  state.  When  the  buds  are 
all  set  maoure-water  may  be  applied  to  the  roots,  but 
not  earlier.  The  specimen  plants  should  be  gradually 
trained  into  form.  Sjmetimes  the  growths  are  left 
until  the  flowers  are  nearly  open,  with  the  result  that 
they  are  tied  down  to  make  whit  is  supposed  to  be  a 
dwarf  specimen,  but  a  plant  is  produced  which  a 
tasteful  gardener  would  not  tolerate  on  the  premises. 
The  large- flowered  Chrysanthemum  does  not  natur- 
ally grovv  into  the  form  of  a  Mushroom,  why,  then, 
should  it  be  forced  through  a  variety  of  contortions  to 
assume  that  form  ?  Let  each  growth  be  trained  out 
wi'.hout  crowding  them,  or  having  them  too  far  apart. 
Good  culture  will  consist  in  keeping  the  leaves  free 
from  mildew,  and  in  a  healthy  condition  to  the  base 
of  the  stems.  J.  Douglas. 


FRUIT    PROFITS. 

It  is  pleasant  to  go  through  market-orchard  districts 
in  the  spring  months,  and  mark  the  wondrous  colour- 
ing and  beauty  found  in  masses  of  bloom  on  the  trees. 
The  Plums  and  Pears  white  as  snow;  Cherries,  as  if 
literally  bang  with  pendents  of  snow ;  Apple?, 
covered  with  pink  flowers,  all  so  lovely,  and  all  so 
full  of  promise.  Earlier  the  Currants  and  Goose- 
berries have  bloomed,  but  in  an  unostentatious 
fashion,  and  yet  Indicating  a  wealth  of  produce  later. 
Strawberries  in  vast  beds  give  a  sheet  of  flower,  and 
there  is  every  indication  that  the  year  will  be  one  of 
exceeding  fruitfulness.  Later,  perchance,  frostF, 
besides  cutting  east  winds,  blight,  or  other  causes, 
have  so  far  discounted  the  probable  fruit  crop,  that 
now  not  more  than  one-half  the  expectations  earlier 
formed  will  be  fulfilled.  Sometimes  matters  are 
better,  but  on  the  whole,  if  what  is  pretty  well  under- 
stood to  be  an  average  crop  all  round  is  finally 
obtained,  some  solace  is  found  in  the  anticipation  that 
a  glutted  market  will  be  avoided,  and  fairly  good 
returns  result.  The  Strawberry  crop  is  gathered, 
and  it  proved  generally  disappointing.  Some  were 
fortunate,  but  the  great  bulk  of  growers  were  less 
fortunate,   and   they  are   destroying    their   breadths 


204 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


(August  14,  1886. 


to  sow  or  plant  something  probably  more  profitable. 
Perhaps  next  year  may  give  good  crops  generally, 
for  in  Strawberries  rarely  do  two  bad  seasons  follow 
each  other.  Still  the  grower  of  some  10,  20, 
or  30  acres  of  those  fruits  feels  that  he  runs  con- 
siderable risk  should  a  second  bad  season  follow ; 
hence  he  is  naturally  reducing  his  Strawberry  area. 
Bush  fruits  very  often  prove  the  market  fruit-grower's 
backbone,  for  these  rarely  miss  a  crop,  and  this 
season  they  have  generally  well  maintained  their 
reputation  ;  we  have  seen  Gooseberries  and  Currants 
of  kinds  literally  laden  with  produce  up  to  the  very 
utmost  of  bush  power  to  carry  it,  and  very  fine  clean 
and  good  Raspberries,  too,  have  been  fairly  abundant, 
but  canes  were  smaller  than  usual,  owing  to  the  ex- 
ceeding drought  of  last  year.  However  there  has 
been  little  to  complain  of  in  the  matter  of  quantity  or 
quality,  so  that  as  far  as  produce  was  concerned,  it 
might  be  said  for  the  market  grower  that  his  pro- 
spects were  rosy. 

Alas !  fruit,  however  plentiful  and  good,  will  neither 
pay  wages,  rent,  rates,  or  the  thousand  and  one  other 
pecuniary  obligations  which  encumber  the  path  of 
the  fruit-grower.  He  must  convert  his  crops  into 
cash  in  the  markets,  and  with  that  pay  his  way ; 
well,  he  has  to  get  this  product  to  market,  and  if  he 
resides  within  moderate  reach  of  the  metropolis,  the 
market  of  the  world,  or  of  some  other  big  town,  no 
arrangement  is  better  than  loading  his  own  vans  over- 
night, sending  them  to  market,  and  returning  them 
laden  with  manure.  If  he  attends  market  himself, 
whilst  subject  to  all  the  labour  and  discomfort  as  well 
as  expense  which  such  duty  involves,  at  least  he 
knows  that  he  gets  all  the  cash  he  takes, 
whether  prices  be  good  or  bad,  and  has  also  the 
advantage  of  gauging  the  tone  of  the  market — know- 
ledge often  helpful  in  preparing  his  next  consign- 
ment. Perhaps  he  puts  down  the  bulk  of  his  goods  at 
shops,  a  capital  arrangement,  because  the  middle-man 
is  dealt  with  at  his  own  home,  and  the  goods  neither 
pass  over  nor  require  farther  transit.  That  sort  of 
trade  is,  however,  chiefly  done  by  the  smaller  growers, 
most  of  whom  have  regular  customers.  Still  this 
trade  is  regulated  by  current  market  prices,  and  the 
shopkeeper  will  pay  no  more  at  his  door  than  he 
would  have  to  pay  in  the  market.  The  most  awk- 
wardly placed  grower  is  the  one  who  lives  remote, 
perhaps  40,  50,  or  more  miles,  from  London,  as  for 
instance,  many  of  the  Kentish  growers  do,  and  who 
not  only  have  to  consign  their  fruit  to  London 
per  rail  and  sell  through  a  salesman,  but  also  must 
get  their  manure  back  per  rail. 

It  need  hardly  be  said  that  if  we  take  bush  fruits, 
fjr  instance,  it  is  obvious  that  the  cost  of  marketing 
is  very  considerable,  especially  where  transit  is  over 
so  long  a  distance.  Possibly  the  grower  pays  from 
40'.  to  dd.  per  half  bushel  for  gathering  into  his  own 
baskets,  previously  purchased.  Each  basket  must  be 
carefully  papered  and,  perhaps,  strawed  or  grassed 
over,  or,  to  use  the  ordinary  phraseology,  "  packed," 
then  loaded  in  a  van,  sent  possibly  some  3  or  4  miles 
to  the  railway  station,  loaded  into  trucks,  carried  to 
London,  reloaded  into  vans,  and  taken  into  market, 
put  down  at  salesmen's  stands,  and  then  sold  for  what 
the  fruit  will  fetch.  Fancy,  therefore,  the  dismay  of  the 
grower  when  he  finds  that  a  good  sample  of  Goose- 
berries, for  instance,  goes  for  \s.  ^d.  per  half-bushel, 
of  which  sum  the  salesman  secures  3</.  for  commission, 
and  the  unfortunate  grower  gets  back  the  remaining 
shilling  tocover  all  expenses  enumerated,  as  well  as  rent, 
labour,  rates,  tithes,  and  other  costs  ;  and  this  is  a 
true  picture  of  what  has  been  going  on  of  late.  Even 
near  home  the  grower,  putting  his  fruit  down  at  the 
shopkeeper's  door,  has  obtained  in  return  but  is.  bd. 
per  half-bushel  lor  Gooseberries,  and  about  2s.  per 
half-bushel  for  Currants.  Raspberries  gathered  into 
punnets,  all  of  which,  of  course,  have  to  be  paid  for, 
have  sold  at  31/.  per  pound,  out  of  which,  besides  the 
cost  of  punnets,  something  has  to  be  paid  for  gathering 
and  the  getting  to  market.  Cherries  sold  very  well, 
but  these  were  but  a  partial  crop,  and  sweet  kinds 
(one  of  the  most  uncertain  crops)  will  do  well  only  in 
certain  localities.  Morellos  are  far  better  average 
croppers,  but  are  not  so  widely  grown  as  they  merit ; 
as  it  is,  they  do  but  obtain  a  fairly  remunerative  price. 
Apples  will  certainly  sell  well,  and  happily  may  be 
held  a  week  or  two  to  suit  the  market.  Pears  are 
less  accommodating,  and  must  be  run  in  as  fast  as 
ready.  Generally  there  are  good  crops  of  these,  but 
they  are  needing  moisture  to  promote  swelling.  Still 
it  is  expected  that  they  will  he  presently  literally  dirt- 
cheap,  because  of  the  bulk ;  and  as  for  Plums,  if  the  jam- 


makers  do  not  purchase  largely,  they  will  be  a  drug, 
for  go  they  must  or  rot  on  the  trees.  All  these  dire 
results,  as  far  as  indifferent  prices  are  concerned,  are 
largely  irrespective  of  foreign  competition.  We  have 
planted  so  largely  of  hardy  fruits  that  when  a  good 
crop  follows  it  is  impossible  to  find  for  it  a  really 
profitable  market.  A  half  crop,  it  may  be,  gives  the 
best  prices,  but  after  all  half  crops  satisfy  no  one. 
Still  further,  when  we  get  full  crops  we  have  no 
option  but  to  accept  them  with  all  risks.  There  are 
still  those  who  think  that  the  home  demand  for  fruit 
is  almost  unlimited — that  is  an  obvious  error.  It  may 
be  a  matter  for  surprise,  having  regard  to  the  immense 
numbers  of  our  population  who  are  cut  off  from 
garden  pleasures  and  pursuits,  that  it  would  be  impos- 
sible to  satisfy  their  cravings  for  fruit  ;  but  such 
seasons  as  the  present  show  that  even  with  the  enor- 
mous demand  created  by  the  preservers  yet  fruit  of 
home  growth  is  a  drug,  and  it  is  not  probable  that 
foreign  fruit  can  be  otherwise.  How  to  make  average 
fruit  farming  profitable  is  a  great  problem,  which 
invites  solution.  A.  D. 


XANTHOCERAS  SORBIFOLIA. 

We  have,  as  usual,  this  year  some  fruits  of  Xantho- 
ceras  sorbifolia,  but  the  fruits  are  perhaps  a  little 
finer.  It  is  a  fine  plant,  which  is  covered  with 
flowers  in  spring.  The  trees,  left  to  themselves,  have 
taken  a  roundish  and  elegant  form.  The  fruits  are 
few  ;  they  are  a  little  too  heavy  for  the  branches.  The 
seedlings  grow  very  well.  This  spring  we  had  ten 
seedlings,  which  flowered  the  second  year  when  only 
40  to  50  centimetres  high.  Maxime  Coiiiu,  Jardin 
des  Plantes,  Paris.  [Our  illustration  (fig.  42)  shows 
the  fruit  as  we  received  it  from  Professor  Cornu. 
It  is  very  like  in  its  leathery  texture  that  of  the 
Horse  Chestnut  (.Esculus),  and  as  it  dries  it  splits 
into  three  valves  in  the  same  manner.  Ed.] 

This  is  a  white-flowered  shrub  of  great  beauty. 

The  flowers,  which  appear  in  pendulous  racemes,  are 
of  the  size  and  shape  of  those  of  the  well  known  For- 
sythia;  the  colour  is  pure  white  ;  foliage  pinnate,  light 
green,  very  fine.  For  the  first  time  I  saw  this  beauti- 
ful shrub  in  iSSo,  in  the  Jardin  du  Luxembourg,  in 
Paris,  and  was  quite  surprised  by  its  beauty.  The 
propagation  is  said,  to  be  rather  different,  and  this 
may  be  the  reason  that  the  shrub  is  not  planted  so 
often  as  it  ought  to  be.  I  tried  root-cuttings  this  year, 
putting  them  in  February  in  a  pot,  and  plunging  the 
pot  in  a  cold  frame  and  was  successful  in  obtaining  a 
good  number  of  young  plants.  This  shrub  is  not 
quite  hardy  here,  but  is  so  in  England.  C,  W., 
Cassel. 


ROSES  IN  POTS. 


Ours  have  been  repotted  for  some  time,  and  have 
been  placed  In  a  good  open  position  out-of-doors. 
All  that  they  require  is  to  be  kept  right  as  regards 
water  at  the  roots,  and  the  leaves  free  from  red- 
spider  and  aphis.  Mildew  is  also  very  troublesome  ; 
it  seldom  fails  to  appear  at  this  time,  but  it  may 
easily  be  destroyed  by  attacking  it  at  its  first  appear, 
ance  with  flowers  of  sulphur.  The  Tea  Roses  in  pots 
will  soon  be  making  their  second  bloom,  which  will 
promptly  succeed  the  first  bloom  out-of-doors ; 
indeed,  our  Tea  Roses  are  yet  in  great  beauty  on  a 
raised  bed  out-of-doors.  If  we  had  room  under  glass 
I  would  keep  the  Tea  Roses  in  a  light  airy  green- 
house all  the  year  round  ;  and  if  it  was  heated  during 
the  winter,  Roses  would  be  plentiful  "frae  November 
to  October."  When  the  plants  are  under  glass,  there 
is  no  difficulty  whatever  in  keeping  them  perfectly 
clean.  The  leaves  should  be  glossy  and  bright,  like 
a  glint  of  sunshine.  Now  is  a  good  time  to  repot  any 
plants  requiring  it,  and  as  good  potting  is  the  founda- 
tion of  successful  culture  may  I  urge  the  importance 
of  every  rosarian  giving  minute  personal  attention  to 
this  ?  Let  the  pots  be  quite  clean,  the  drainage 
clean  and  carefully  placed  (not  thrown  in  anyhow). 
Some  tough  fibre  should  be  placed  over  the  drainage 
to  prevent  the  loose  compost  from  mixing  with  it. 
For  Tea  Roses"  use  loam  three  parts,  turfy  peat  one 
part,  decayed  manure  one  part,  with  a  little  bone- 
dust,  coarse  sand  and  pounded  charcoal.  For  other 
Roses  use  leaf-mould  instead  of  peat  ;  the  same  cora- 
po5t  will  do  for  the  Teas  if  peat  cannot  be  obtained. 
yas.  Douglas. 


THE     ARNOLD    ARBORETUM. 

After  a  delightful  drive  through  _the  pleasant 
avenues  of  Jamaica  Plain  we  found  ourselves  at 
the  Arboretum  of  Harvard  College,  which  contains 
165  acres  of  land  quite  varied  in  character.  This  is 
a  portion  of  the  well  known  Bussey  Farm,  in  that 
part  of  Boston  formerly  known  as  West  Roxbury, 
and  is  within  a  few  minutes'  walk  of  the  Forest  Hills 
station,  on  the  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad, 
making  it  of  easy  access  to  visitors.  The  location  is 
such  that  the  experiments  here  made  will  be  of  great 
value  to  New  England,  and  of  general  interest  to  a 
large  portion  of  the  whole  country.  The  Arboretum 
is  yet  in  its  infancy,  having  been  commenced  only  in 
1S74,  when  the  seeds  of  the  first  trees  were  planted, 
so  that,  excepting  the  older  trees  previously  on  the 
place,  of  which  there  are  many,  a  great  portion  are 
only  nursery  plants,  which,  on  account  of  certain 
arrangements  made  with  the  city  of  Boston,  could 
not  be  planted  in  permanent  positions  until  the  laying 
out  of  some  of  the  roadways  had  been  completed. 
This  being  accomplished  in  part,  the  coming  spring 
will  see  many  of  the  botanical  orders  planted  where 
they  are  to  remain  permanently,  the  planting  being 
as  far  as  possible  in  botanical  sequence.  Along  the 
roadways  will  be  planted  both  native  species  and 
those  of  foreign  introduction,  including  all  the  var- 
ieties, so  that  even  one  not  possessing  special  botanical 
knowledge  can  at  a  glance  comprehend  the  arrange- 
ment and  see  by  comparison  the  plants  which  best 
endure  our  climate.  The  Arboretum  will  thus  be  a 
living  museum,  where  the  nurseryman,  gardener,  and 
private  landowner  may  come  for  trustworthy  infor- 
mation regarding  all  trees  or  shrubs,  which  will  save 
them  the  cost  of  personal  experiments  and  of  delays 
caused  by  unfortunate  selection. 

The  collection  of  living  plants  at  the  Arboretum  is 
richer  in  species  than  any  other  in  the  United  States, 
numbering  at  the  present  time  over  2000  species  and 
varieties  of  woody  plants.  Many  of  these  may  prove 
failures,  but  it  is  the  work  of  the  Arboretum  to  show 
by  living  illustrations  what  to  select  and  what  to  avoid. 
The  collection  is  being  continually  increased  by  a 
system  of  exchanges  with  botanic  gardens  and  similar 
institutions,  both  public  and  private,  in  every  part  of 
the  world  within  the  temperate  zone.  Experiments 
are  also  being  made  with  seeds  of  plants  taken  from 
widely  different  localities,  with  the  hope  that  addi- 
tions may  be  made  to  our  lists  of  hardy  trees.  This 
has  already  been  done  in  several  instances,  such  as 
Abies  concolor,  Pseudo-Tsuga  Douglasii,  and  several 
others,  the  seeds  of  those  plants  brought  from  the 
warmer  parts  of  the  Pacific  coast  having  proved  of 
little  use  to  us  in  our  changeable  climate,  while  seeds 
from  plants  of  the  same  species  growing  in  Colorado, 
under  conditions  similar  to  those  in  New  England, 
have  produced  plants  which,  so  far,  stand  our 
climate  as  well  as  our  native  trees. 

Besides  planting  the  living  specimens  there  has 
been  established  a  herbarium,  containing  an  abund- 
ance of  specimens  of  woody  plants,  collected  from 
various  parts  of  the  world,  and  plants  of  the  same 
species  from  different  localities,  to  aid  students  and 
others  in  determining  the  names  of  species  and  the 
effect  of  climate  and  location.  There  will  also  be  a 
large  collection  of  all  kinds  of  woods,  barks,  cones, 
and  other  tree  productions  that  may  be  of  use  in  the 
arts  or  sciences.  These  collections  are  already  very 
rich  in  American  species,  and  require  a  great  number 
of  botanical  cases  to  preserve  them.  They  are  at 
present  stored  in  a  house  owned  by  Professor  Sargent, 
kindly  loaned  by  him  for  this  purpose  until  such  time 
as  a  proper  building  shall  be  erected  on  the  Arboretum 
grounds. 

The  sources  whence  seeds  are  received  from  time 
to  time  are  recorded  in  a  set  of  books  kept  for  the 
purpose.  They  are  numbered  in  regular  order,  and 
by  a  systematic  arrangement  notes  are  made  as  to 
their  hardiness,  adaptability,  usefulness,  c&c,  which 
in  future  will  be  of  great  benefit  in  determining  the 
history  of  these  plants,  and  will  form  likewise  a 
history  of  the  Arboretum. 

The  past  season  a  shrub  garden  has  been  made, 
comprising  about  2\  acres,  laid  out  in  beds  10  feet 
wide  by  275  feet  long,  sufficient  in  extent  for  1157 
species  and  357  varieties.  The  shrubs  are  systemati- 
cally arranged,  begining  with  the  order  Ranunculacese 
and  ending  with  Smilaceje,  and  not  only  botanically, 
but,  as  far  as  possible,  geographically,  American 
plants  coming  first.  Here  any  one  with  even  a 
limited  knowledge  of  plants  can  take  notes  of  these 


August  14,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


205 


growing  specimens,  which  will  enable  him  to  gain 
more  knowledge  than  months  or  even  years  of  study 
from  books  or  catalogues  could  give,  and  will  help 
him  to  make  such  selections  as  he  would  like  to 
plant.  All  this  is  done  at  the  expense  of  the  Arbo- 
retum, thus  giving  all  who  wish  to  avail  themselves 
of  its  privileges  and  advantages  a  real  school  of  in- 
struction free  of  all  cost,  and  this  will  go  on  from 
generation  to  generation.  No  other  such  place  is 
known  where  such  valuable  information  can  be  simi- 
larly obtained,  while  Mr.  Dawson,  the  skilful  gar- 
dener, is  always  ready  to  impart  any  knowledge  in 
his  possession. 

There  are  spaces  left  open  for  undetermined  var- 
ieties, but  the  garden  now  contains  690  species  and 
250  varieties,  with  the  possibility  that  from  400  to 
600  new  species  or  varieties  will  be  added  the  coming 
year.  This  location  was  mowing  land,  and  was 
broken  up  only  a  year  ago,  and  it  is  really  astonishing 
to  note  what  has  been  accomplished  in  so  short  a 
time  ;  we  can  look  upon  this  branch  of  the  Arboretum 
work  as  one  of  the  noblest  educational  agencies 
existing  in  any  country. 


freely  opening  its  collections  to  the  public,  and  by 
securing  for  it  additional  and  greatly  needed  land, 
suitable  and  dignified  approaches,  and  carriage  drives. 

The  objects  of  the  Arboretum  may  be  definitely 
stated  in  a  few  brief  words  that  all  can  understand. 
First,  a  school  of  arboriculture  for  the  study  of  trees 
and  shrubs  and  their  uses  for  timber  for  ornament 
and  otherwise.  Second,  a  museum  of  living  speci- 
mens of  all  ligenous  plants  that  will  stand  the  climate 
at  West  Roxljury,  planted  and  arranged  in  botanical 
order.  Third,  a  museum  for  reference,  containing  a 
dried  collection  of  all  ligneous  plants,  properly 
labelled  with  the  time  of  flowering,  native  location, 
and,  if  foreign,  the  country  where  they  are  indigenous ; 
also  a  full  collection  of  specimen  wood,  bark,  fiuit, 
seeds,  &c.  Fourth,  a  library  containing  all  the  best 
works  on  dendrology,  for  the  use  of  students  or  others 
interested  in  the  science  of  tree  culture. 

In  closing  this  somewhat  lengthy  yet  linadequate 
account  of  our  visit  to  the  Arboretum  we  must  not 
omit  to  say  that  its  success  is  due  to  the  untiring  and 
indefatigable  labours  of  the  director.  Professor  Charles 
S.  Sargent,  whose  large  correspondence  and  thorough 


Fig.  42.— fruit  of  .\anthoceras  soreifolia.    (see  p.  204.) 


There  is  a  small  span-roofed  greenhouse  devoted 
mainly  to  propagating  trees  and  shrubs  in  winter,  by 
grafting,  cuttings,  and  seeds — from  10,000  to  15,000 
are  produced  annually.  In  spring  they  are  placed 
thickly  in  boxes,  and  as  soon  as  established  are 
allowed  to  harden  off  in  the  frame  ground.  In  this 
ground  are  several  deep  pits  where  the  plants  are 
stored  for  the  first  winter — every  available  place  is 
used,  and  a  look  into  one  of  the  pits  a  few  days  ago 
revealed  a  surprising  quantity  of  young  plants  which 
will  take  their  places  in  the  nursery  rows  another 
season. 

In  1S75  there  were  128  species  raised.  In  1877 
Mr.  Sargent  wrote  that,  judging  from  the  immense 
number  of  letters  which  were  annually  sent  him,  there 
was  a  steadily  increasing  interest  felt  in  the  Arbore- 
tum. It  was  then  but  five  years  since  its  establish- 
ment, but  its  usefulness  and  influence  were  already 
evident,  and  to  its  influence  could  be  traced  the 
planting  during  that  year  of  nearly  half  a  million 
trees  in  the  New  England  States. 

In  December,  1882,  an  arrangement  was  made 
with  the  Park  Commissioners  of  the  city  of  Boston, 
which,  without  interfering  with  the  scientific  aims  of 
the  Arboretum,  will   increase  its  local  influence  by 


knowledge  of  all  that  pertains  to  the  duties  of  his 
offices  have  already  given  to  the  horticultural  world 
one  of  the  grandest  educational  institutions  this 
generation  has  been  b'essed  with,    Boston  Paper. 


mrfl(id  j|[ot^8  and  ilmngs. 


PHAL^NOPSIS   VIOLACEA. 

All  the  forms  of  this  species  which  have  flowered 
at  Kew  for  some  years  back  are  vastly  superior  to 
the  type  as  figured  in  the  Orchid  Album,  182,  or  the 
Floral  Magazine,  n.s.,  342,  where  the  flowers  are  of 
a  pale  yellow,  almost  primrose,  tinged  with  green, 
except  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  lateral  sepals  and 
the  terminal  lobe  of  the  labellum,  which  are  rich 
rosy-purple.  A  figure  is  also  given  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  1881,  xvi.,  145,  f.  32,  where  the  sepals 
and  petals  are  described  as  rich  rosy-purple  and  pale 
green  upwards.  Those  that  have  flowered  for  some 
years   previously  at   Kew   exhibit    Sowers  that  are 


almost  uniformly  of  a  warm  rosy-purple,  with  a  faint 
tinge  of  violet,  and  marked  transversely  near  the  base 
of  the  sepals  and  petals  with  bands  of  a  lighter  colour. 
In  the  form  flowering  in  the  pits  at  present  these 
colours  are  intensified,  especially  on  the  contiguous 
sides  of  the  sepals  and  the  labellum.  The  colours 
are  deepest  immediately  after  expansion,  contrary  to 
that  of  some  others  which  gain  in  colour  after  being 
exposed  for  some  time  to  the  light.  This  richness  in 
colour  adds  greatly  to  the  value  of  an  already 
popular  species  whose  strong  but  agreeable  odour 
pervades  the  atmosphere  of  the  house  in  which  it  is 
grown.  The  odour  may  be  described  as  that  of  some 
preparation  from  Apples,  is  strong  enough  to  be 
appreciable  at  some  distance,  and  is  not  disagreeable 
when  intensified  by  proximity,  like  that  of  many  oth«t 
Orchids  whose  fragrance  is  sweetest  and  most  enjoy- 
able at  a  short  distance.  J.  F. 

Dendrobium  Parishii  var.  Dives. 
This  is  a  very  interesting,  surprising  and  lovely 
novelty.  The  stem  at  hand  is  nearly  2  feet  long,  with 
thirty,  two  flowers  open  at  once,  so  that  it  is  nearly 
covered  by  them.  They  are  smaller,  and  the  lip  is 
more  transverse,  and  yet  more  acute,  and  with  larger 
eye-blotches  than  are  found  in  the  well-known  type. 
It  has  the  usual  smell  of  Rhubarb.  It  was  kindly 
sent  me  by  Mr.  W.  Bull.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

MiLTONIA  SPECTABILIS,    VAR.    MORELIANA. 

Generally  regarded  as  a  true  species  this  handsome 
Miltonia  is  inseparable  in  structural  points  from  M. 
spectabilis,  of  which,  however,  it  is  a  very  distinct 
form,  and  superior  in  every  respect  to  the  type.  Like 
most  of  its  congeners,  however,  its  scanty  foliage 
generally  presents  a  sallow  aspect,  the  tone  of  which 
is  greatly  augmented  by  the  deeper  yellow  shining 
pseudobulbs.  This  fault  is  more  than  compensated 
for  by  the  large,  conspicuous,  and  generally  showy 
flowers,  in  this  case  solitary.  In  the  type  the  sepals 
and  petals  are  white,  while,  singularly  enough,  these 
parts  in  the  variety  under  notice  are  the  darkest, 
being  a  deep  violet-purple,  somewhat  paler  or  whitish 
at  the  base.  The  flat  spreading  labellum  is  broadly 
obovate,  tapering  to  a  short  wedge-shaped  base,  and 
is  pale  purple  upwards,  deeper  coloured  on  the  lower 
half,  and  somewhat  variegated  about  the  small  three- 
toothed  crest.  There  is  a  figure  of  this  form  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine  under  the  name  of  M.  spectabilis 
var.  purpureo-violacea,  and  another  in  Jennings' 
Orchids,  37.  A  flowering  specimen  may  be  seen  in 
the  cool  division  of  the  Orchid-house  at  Kew,  where 
it  is  conspicuous  amongst  other  things  by  its  size  and 
depth  of  colouring.  The  Cattleya-house  would  be 
the  most  appropriate  for  it  when  flowering,  and  also 
when  at  rest,  but  when  making  its  growth  it  should 
be  placed  in  a  temperature  resembling  that  of  the 
East  Indian  house.  This  species  may  be  grown  on  a 
raft  well  mossed  over  with  sphagnum,  or  in  a  basket 
amongst  good  fibrous  peat  and  chopped  sphagnum, 
kept  porous  by  lumps  of  charcoal,  with  good  drainage 
and  plenty  of  water,  especially  during  the  growing 
season.  %  F, 

Epidendrum  pavtense. 
From  Sir  Charles  Strickland  we  have  receive  a 
seed-pod  of  this  species.  It  is  when  ripe  about 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  long,  globular  in  form,  the 
three  valves  being  united  below  and  at  the  top,  but 
separate  elsewhere,  and  surmounted  by  the  remains 
of  the  column,  which  forms  a  beak  nearly  as  long  as 
the  fruit  itself. 


RIPENING  AND  PRESERVING 
FRUIT, 
The  following  are  the  principal  passages  of  a 
lecture  delivered  by  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  at  a 
recent  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural 
Society,  Boston,  U.S.A.  :— 

The  principles  upon  which  success  mu;t  ever  de- 
pend are  now  so  well  established  that  it  is  only 
necessary  to  bring  them  to  mind  for  our  government. 
The  preservation  of  Apples  through  the  winter 
months  is  now  pretty  well  understood,  but  with  the 
Pear,  Grape,  and  other  delicate  fruits  more  care  is 
requisite. 

The  ripening  of  fruit  depends  on  saccharine  fer- 
mentation ;  this  is  followed  by  the  vinous  and  acetous 
fermentations.  To  prevent  these,  and  preserve  fruit 
in  all  its  beauty,  freshness,  and  flavour,  the  tempera- 


206 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  1886. 


ture  must  be  uniform,  and  kept  below  the  degree  at 
which  the  fermentation  or  ripening  process  com- 
menccF.  Mr.  Robert  Manning,  in  a  prize  essay, 
said  : — '*  The  ripening  of  fruit  is  the  completion  of  the 
chemical  process  by  which  starch  is  transformed  into 
sugar,  and  is  the  first  step  toward  fermentation  or 
decay ;  therefore,  whatever  promotes  fermentation 
will  hasten  the  ripening  ;  whatever  retards  fermenta- 
tion will  tend  to  its  preservation. " 

Late  fruits  may  remain  on  the  trees  until  severe 
frosts  are  feared,  but  should  be  gathered  with  great 
care.  Summer  Pears  should  be  picked  some  days 
before  the  ripening  process  commences.  A  summer 
Pear  ripened  upon  the  tree  is  generally  inferior.  In 
respect  to  the  latter,  Mr.  Patrick  Barry  has  so  aptly 
expressed  my  own  opinion  ihit  I  use  his  language  :  — 
"The  process  of  ripening  on  the  tree,  which  is  the 
natural  one,  seems  to  act  upon  the  fruit  for  the  benefit 
of  the  seed,  as  it  tends  to  the  formation  of  woody 
fibre  and  farina.  When  the  fruit  is  removed  from  the 
tree  at  the  commencement  of  ripening,  and  placed  in 
a  still  atmosphere,  the  natural  process  seem?  to  be 
counteracted,  and  sugar  and  jaice  are  elaborated  in- 
stead of  fibre  and  farina."  Thus,  Peari  which  become 
mealy,  and  rot  at  the  core,  if  left  on  the  tree  to  ripen, 
are  juicy,  melting,  and  delicious  when  ripened  in  the 
house. 

With  the  increase  of  fruits  their  preservation  in  the 
most  perfect  condition  has  become  a  matter  of  great 
importance  ;  various  methods  have  been  adopted,  both 
in  this  and  other  countries,  for  this  purpose,  many  of 
which  have  been  failures.  Nearly  half  a  century  ago 
the  first  houses  of  which  I  have  any  knowledge  were 
built  for  the  preservation  of  fiuits  by  the  retardation 
of  their  ripening.  Most  of  these  have  been  controlled 
by  ice  ;  others  by  the  use  cf  chemicals  and  apparatus 
with  revolving  fans  to  diffase  the  cool  air  through  the 
various  rooms. 

About  twenty  years  ago  several  patents  were 
secured  for  the  preservation  and  long  keeping  of 
fruits  and  other  commodities  by  Messrs.  Shaler, 
Nyce  and  Smith.  Professor  Nyce,  o(  Ohio,  had  one  of 
his  houses  built  in  Boston,  to  be  controlled  by  ice, 
and  many  constructed  upon  his  plan  are  still  in  use 
in  our  large  cities  and  large  towns  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  meats  as  well  as  fruits. 

Mr.  Hellings,  of  Pennsylvania,  also,  in  1S68, 
informs  us  of  the  method  he  pursued  in  building  a 
house  for  the  preservation  of  fruit,  which  proved  very 
successful.  This  was  regulated  by  ice  ;  he  used  no 
chemicals  or  machinery — the  temperature  of  which 
house  he  was  enabled  to  keep  at  from  3;  to  36" — the 
atmosphere  so  cool  and  dry  that  no  moisture  was 
deposited  on  the  walls,  and  there  was  no  dripping 
from  the  ceiling.  The  most  constant  care  was  aho 
given  to  ventilation,  and  the  light  was  entirely 
excluded  to  prevent  ripening  and  shrivelling,  Wuh 
these  arrangements  so  perfected  no  gases  or  mixture 
of  gases  with  atmospheric  air  were  ever  generated. 
His  fruit,  when  brought  out  in  its  freshness,  retained 
its  primitive  appearance  for  a  longer  time  than  that 
we  usually  have  from  modern  storehouses,  and  in 
these  houses  he  kept  Apples  two  or  three  years  in 
perfect  condition.  His  houses  are  still  in  successful 
operation  at  Bristol,  Pa. 

But  the  most  common  method  for  small  establish- 
ments and  private  use  is  the  construction  of  houses 
with  walls  of  non-conducling  materials  and  with 
well  drained  and  thoroughly  cemented  cellars.  Such 
was  the  one  built  by  M.  Victor  Paquet,  of  Pari?,  about 
forty  years  ago— without  the  use  of  ice  or  chemicah — 
an  account  of  which  was  given  in  the  illustrated  Trans- 
actions of  this  society  in  1S47.  The  house  was  built 
with  outer  and  inner  walls,  with  a  space  of  3  feet  be- 
tween; in  fact,  a  house  within  a  house,  and  so 
arranged  that  he  could  control  the  temperature  at 
will,  and  which  he  kept  at  a  little  below  40''  Fahren- 
heit. Our  climate  diflers  so  much  from  that  of  Paris 
that  we  cannot  follow  all  of  M.  Paquet's  plans.  Suffice 
it  to  siy  that  by  this  process,  without  the  use  of  ice, 
he  kept  his  fruits  in  perfect  condition  until  June. 

On  this  plan  fiuit-houses  may  be  constructed  at  a 
very  moderate  expense,  in  which  fruits  may  be  kept  in 
all  their  beauty,  freshness  and  flavour  through  the  en- 
tire season.  The  Anjou  Pear  has  been  exhibited  in 
our  society  as  late  as  the  month  of  May,  by  the  late 
Gardner  Brewer,  from  his  retarding-house. 

Mr.  Charles  F.  Curtis,  one  of  the  fruit  merchants 
of  this  city,  informs  me  that  there  is  no  perceptible 
difference  between  a  cold  storage-house  controlled  by 
chemicals  and  one  where  ice  is  used.  Each  has  its 
advocate?. 


One  great  secret  of  success  begins  in  the  state  in 
which  the  fruit  goes  to  the  cooler.  It  should  be 
before  any  sound  specimen  begins  to  show  ripeness, 
and  no  single  fruit  should  be  stored  thit  has  fallen  to 
the  ground  ;  for,  however  perfect  it  may  seem,  sooner 
or  later  that  dropped  fruit  will  tell  its  own  story,  and 
often  cause  the  decay  of  the  whole  package  when  not 
noticed  in  time,  which  rarely  happens  when  hundreds 
of  bushels  are  piled  one  above  another  for  a  month  or 
two.  The  fruits  intended  for  cold  storage  houses 
should  go  directly  from  the  orchard. 

The  cause  of  so  mmy  failures  in  storing  Pears,  for 
instance,  is  that  the  fruit  is  often  bought  of  different 
parlies,  much  of  it  so  imperfectly  packed  that  it  is  never 
fit  to  go  to  the  cooler — perhaps  it  has  been  gathered 
weeks  previous,  or  carried  long  distances,  and  become 
more  or  less  bruised,  and  rendered  every  way  unlit  for 
keeping  in  this  way.  The  past  fall  hundreds  of 
bushels  of  Bartlett's  (Williams'  Bjn  Chiefien)  Pears 
that  were  nearly  ripe  were  stored  by  small  fruit 
vendors  who  knew  nothing  about  the  subject. 

The  fruit-house  of  Eltwanger  &  Barry,  at  Rochester, 
N.Y.,  is  a  building  where  walls  and  floor  are  lined 
with  straw  and  boards,  with  cellars  underneath  for 
storing  fruit.  When  the  mercury  goes  10°  or  12° 
below  zero,  a  few,  3'  or  4",  of  frost  gets  in,  but  the 
boxes  and  barrels  arc  all  covered  with  straw  mats  and 
are  never  reached  by  the  frost. 

When  the  late  fall  and  winter  Pears  are  gathered, 
they  are  put  in  bushel  or  half-bushel  boxes  and 
placed  on  the  north  side  of  a  building  outside  of  the 
fruit  house  and  protected.  They  are  kept  there  as 
long  as  the  weather  will  permit— by  that  time  the 
room  has  got  ihcroughly  cooled  and  ready  to  receive 
the  fruit.  They  have  both  Pears  and  Apples  there 
now  in  perfection. 

In  the  report  of  the  Michigan  Horticultural  Society 
for  1SS2  is  an  account,  by  Mr.  S.  W.  Door,  of  a  fruit- 
house  constructed  by  him,  on  the  cold  air  system, 
without  ihe  use  of  ice.  He  lays  down  the  principle, 
that  in  order  to  keep  fruit  for  any  great  length  of  time, 
the  storeroom  must  be  frost-proof  and  kept  at  a  low, 
even  temperature — 3'  or  4"  above  freezing,  with  suffi- 
cient ventilation  to  carry  off  all  moisture  and  impuri- 
ties. He  was  able  to  keep  his  house  within  3°  of 
freezing  for  five  months,  and  when  the  temperature 
outside  changed  60^  in  twenty-four  hours,  the  change 
in  the  fruit  room  was  imperceptible.  Again,  when 
the  thermometer  fell  to  from  6°  to  20°  below  zero,  for 
five  days  in  succession,  the  temperature  scircely 
changed  1°  in  the  fruit-house.  This  result  was  effected 
by  building  a  house  with  triple  wails,  15  inches  in 
thickness,  10  inches  of  which  was  filled  with  sawdust. 

The  conditions  of  success  may  be  tjriefly  stated  as 
follows  :  The  perfect  control  of  temperature,  light 
and  moisture.  All  experience  shows  that  these  con- 
ditions must  be  complied  with  or  success  cannot  be 
attained  ;  hence  these  apartments  must  be  cool,  and 
constructed  so  as  to  exclude  at  pleasure  the  external 
atmosphere,  which  starts  fermentation.  After  many 
years  of  experience,  both  with  and  wiihout  ice,  I 
have  adopted  a  house  built  in  a  cool,  shady  aspect, 
with  the  door  on  the  north,  and  with  a  thoroughly 
drained  and  cemented  cellar,  with  small,  double 
windows,  which  maybe  opened  or  closed  at  pleasure. 
In  this  way  I  am  enabled  to  keep  my  late  fall  and 
winter  Pears  until  February  or  March  in  good  con- 
dition. Apples  may  be  kept  at  a  lower  temperature 
than  Pears — say  34°  to  40". 

In  a  fruit-room  of  this  kind,  Mr.  John  J.  Thomas 
writes  me,  that  by  admitting  air  on  cold  nights,  and 
closing  the  entrances  when  the  air  is  warm,  he  has 
had  sound  Lawrence  Pears  in  March,  and  Josephine 
de  Malines  in  April,  and  Baldwin  Apples  in  June. 

My  late  fall  and  winter  fruits,  intended  for  long 
keeping,  are  allowed  to  remain  on  the  trees  until  frost 
is  apprehended.  Ttiey  are  then  gathered  with  great 
care,  into  bushel  boxes,  and  placed  on  the  north  side 
of  my  fruit-house  in  tiers  of  boxes  six  or  seven  feet 
high,  and  covered  with  boards,  where  they  are  kept 
until  the  ground  begins  to  freeze.  They  are  then 
removed  to  the  cellar,  piled  up  in  the  same  manner, 
wilh  thin  strips  of  boards  or  shingles  between  the 
boxes,  until  wanted  for  use,  when  the  boxes  are  looked 
over  and  the  most  mature  are  from  time  to  time 
taken  out.  In  this  way  I  keep  Pears  until  March  or 
April  in  perfect  condition, 

In  regard  to  the  use  of  ice,  I  would  say  that  where 
fruits  are  kept  for  some  months  under  its  influence  at 
a  low  temperature  they  seem  to  Ijse  much  of  their 
flivour  ;  the  cellular  tissue  also  seems  to  have  bee  ime 
dry,  and  to  have  lost  its  vitality  or  power  to  resume 


the  ripening  process.  Experience  proves  that,  for 
the  common  varieties  of  the  Pear,  about  40"  of 
Fahrenheit  is  the  temperature  best  suited  to  hold 
this  process  in  equilibrium.  The  proper  maturing 
of  fruit  thus  preserved  demands  skill  and  science. 
Different  varieties  require  different  degrees  of  moisture 
and  heat,  according  to  the  firmness  of  the  skin  and  the 
texture  of  I  he  Hesh  Thus  some  varieties  of  the  Pear  will 
ripen  at  a  low  temperature  and  in  a  comparatively  dry 
atmosphere,  while  others  are  improved  by  a  warm  and 
humid  air.  Some  varieties  of  the  Pear  ripening  wilh 
difficulty,  and  formerly  esteemed  only  second-rate,  are 
now  pronounced  of  excellent  quality  because  the 
art  of  maturing  them  is  better  understood.  Great 
improvement  has  been  made  in  the  handling,  pack- 
ing, and  preservation  of  fruits,  so  that  they  are 
delivered  in  perfect  condition  from  distant  places, 
every  class  of  fruit  having  its  suitable  style  of  package. 
So  well  is  the  art  of  keeping  Grapes  now  under- 
stood that  we  have  them  in  our  markets  in  such  fine 
order  as  to  command  from  15  to  20  cents  per  pound 
until  the  month  of  May. 


GENERAL  WORK. 
The  flower  garden  may  now  be  said  to  be  at  its 
best  for  the  present  season.  The  rapid  shortening  of 
the  days  and  the  heavy  dew  will  very  speedily  show 
themselves  on  such  subjects  as  Pelargonium;,  Ver- 
benas, Lobelias,  Ageratums,  <.S:c.  Should  frosts  keep 
off,  carpet-beds  will  maintain  their  features  for  a  con- 
siderable time.  The  past  dry  season  has  been 
favourable  to  the  colouring  of  Alternanlheras,  but  on 
the  whole  it  has  been  very  disappointing.  Frequent 
picking  off  of  all  decayed  flowers  and  leaves  as  soon 
as  possiMe  will  be  necessary  to  maintain  a  tidy 
appearance.  The  mowing-machine,  the  roller,  the 
edging-shears  and  broom  must  be  kept  in  constant 
employment.  In  many  Iccalities  falling  leaves  add 
greatly  to  the  labour,  and  ought  to  be  swept  up  daily, 
else  they  give  the  place  a  littery  appearance. 

Propagation. 

The  propagation  of  the  various  plants  used  in  the 
flower  garden  should  be  pushed  forward  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  in  order  that  they  may  be  well  established 
before  the  autumn  rains  arrive.  Cuttings  of  Phloxes 
and  Pentstemons  may  now  be  put  into  a  cold  frame 
or  tuif  pit.  Pink  and  Carnation  cuttings  may  still  be 
put  in,  but  the  sooner  this  is  done  now,  the  better. 
The  sowing  of  hardy  annuals,  to  stand  the  winter  for 
spring  flowering,  may  now  be  done.  These  are  best 
sown  thinly  on  rather  poor  soil  in  some  sheltered  but 
not  shaded  corner.  They  can  be  protected  with  a 
few  boughs  during  severe  frosts,  and  transplanted  in 
early  spring.  Such  subjects  as  Saponaria,  CoUinsia, 
Silene,  Candytufts,  Nemophila,  Erysimum,  Lupins, 
&c.,  will  succeed  under  this  treatment. 

Beds  and  Borders, 
Dahlias  and  Hollyhocks  should  have  the  old  blooms 
picked  off  immediately  the  flowers  begin  to  fade. 
Beds  of  seedling  Hollyhocks  should  be  gone  over, 
and  all  worthless  varieties  should  be  noted  to  be 
discarded.  See  that  Dahlias,  Hollyhocks,  standard 
Roses,  and  all  tall  growers  are  kept  securely 
fastened  to  their  stake?.  Auriculas  may  have 
their  off-ets  taken  off  now  if  this  be  not  already 
done.  The  better  sorts  may  be  potted  inio 
60-pots,  and  wintered  in  a  cold  Irame  ;  they  cin  be 
planted  out  in  spring,  or  grown  on  in  larger  pots. 
The  more  common  varieties  may  be  planted  in  some 
shady  border.  These  will  require  attention  with 
water  until  they  have  established  themselves,  then 
they  can  be  transferred  to  the  herbaceous  border  or 
rockery  at  any  time. 

Transplantation. 
Should  showeiy  weather  intervene  advantage  may 
be  taken  of  it  to  transplant  evergreen  trees  and  shrubs. 
Such  as  were  prepared  as  recommended  in  a  previous 
Calendar  will  now  be  in  proper  condition.  They  will 
be  furnished  with  a  host  of  small  fibry  roots  in  the  light 
compost,  and  will  scarcely  feel  any  check  from 
removal.  M^ke  the  pits  iS  inches  or  2  feet  larger 
than  the  ball  all  round,  pick  up  the  bottom  a  foot  or 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


207 


more  to  secure  sufficient  drainage,  and  should  the 
soil  be  poor  a  few  barrowloads  of  prepared  compost 
should  be  placed  in  contact  with  the  roots.  Newly 
planted  subjects  are  bettar  without  water  at  the  roots. 
If  the  soil  is  sufficiently  moist  at  the  time  of  planting, 
and  the  atmosphere  at  the  point  of  saturation,  a  good 
dewing  with  ihe  syringe  or  garden  engine  once  or 
twice  a  day  will  be  sufficient,  as  a  medium  state  of 
moisture  at  ihe  root  is  more  conducive  to  root  action. 
n\  J\I.  BailiU,  Uiton  Hoo  Gardens. 


pX^AJ^Tg  AND  THEIR  j]uLTUF^E. 


INDIAN   AZALEAS. 

These  plants  should  now  be  looked  over,  selecting 
the  earliest  flowering  varieties,  and  those  that  are  the 
best  set  with  flower-bud?,  for  early  forcing,  placing 
in  an  unhealed  pit,  giving  abundance  of  air,  so  as  lo 
get  them  into  a  state  of  rest  before  starting  them 
again. 

All  pUnts  that  were  late  in  blooming  and  were 
repotted  must  have  constant  attention  as  regards 
syringing,  watering,  &c.,  to  stimulate  their  growth 
as  much  as  possible  ;  fumigate  if  thrips  should 
show  themselves ;  turn  the  plants  round  at  least 
once  a  week  to  get  the  growth  and  foliage  evenly 
balanced.  Discontinue  shading  altogether  if  the  young 
growths  are  well  matured. 

The  Warm  Fernery. 
The  chief  work  in  this  will  be  to  keep  them  well 
supplied  with  water  at  the  roots  and  maintaining  a 
humid  atmospere,  for  if  this  be  neglected  it  will  tend 
to  give  a  footing  to  spider  and  thrips.  Look  to  the 
regulating  of  fronds  near  the  glass  or  where  plants 
ate  at  all  crowded  ;  still  make  up  fresh  pots  and  pans 
of  the  green  and  close  varieties  of  Selaginella,  such  as 
S.  densa,  S.  denticulata,  S.  Martinsi,  ^z.\  peg  down 
the  rhizomes  of  creeping  kinds  ;  and  all  the  youn^; 
plants  of  Gleichenias  that  are  wanted  to  make  speci- 
mens as  soon  as  possible  may  be  shifted  on  and  kept 
in  full  growth  till  late  in  the  autumn.  Filmy  Ferns 
that  arc  maturing  their  fronds  may  be  less  shaded,  at 
the  same  time  giving  plenty  of  water  at  the  roots,  as 
well  as  on  all  the  surroundings.  A,  Evans,  Lythe 
Hill,  llaskmere. 


]PF(UiT3     ^NDEF^     'QlAS3. 


YOUNG  VINES. 
These,  if  planted  and  subsequently  treated  as  re- 
commended at  p.  12  of  the  present  volume,  should 
have  made  satisfactory  progress  during  the  interval, 
and  in  order  to  maintain  a  rapid  and  at  the  same  lime 
sturdy  growth  to  the  end  of  the  growing  season,  a 
genial  atmospheric  temperature  of  from  65°  to  60°  at 
night,  and  5"  higher  by  day  with  6re-heat,  should  be 
aimed  at,  and  from  85"  to  So°  with  sun*heat  and  a 
free  ventilation,  allowing  the  temperature  to  rise  to  90° 
at  closing  time. 

Watering  and  Ventilation. 
Give  copious  supplies  of  clear  water  to  the  roots 
every  eight  or  ten  days,  following  with  a  few  fubsful 
of  liquid  manure  to  the  border.  Syringe  the  Vines 
and  house  morning  and  afternoon,  and  damp  the 
pathways,  &c.,  as  may  be  requisite  in  bright  sunny 
weather.  Ventilate  freely  between  the  hours  of  ad- 
mitting fresh  air  in  the  morning  (after  that  which 
should  be  put  on  late  in  the  evening  had  been  taken 
off  for  an  hour  when  damping  the  Vines,  &c.,  at 
6  A.M  ),  and  taking  it  oft"  in  the  afternoon,  so  as  to 
secure  a  short-jointed  and  consolidated  growth,  with- 
out which  the  best  results  cannot  be  expected  from 
Vines,  or  any  other  kind  of  fruit  tree,  whether  it  be 
grown  under  glass  or  in  the  open. 

Peaches. 

Trees  from  which  the  crop  is  gathered  must  have 
plenty  of  air  admitted  to  them  day  and  night  during 
favourable  weather,  so  as  to  get  the  wood  well  ripened, 
and  they  should  be  well  syringed  with  clear  water 
morning  and  afternoon  during  bright  sunny  weather, 
so  as  to  clear  the  leaves  of  any  red-spider  pre- 
sent, otherwise  the  trees  will  shed  their  leaves  pre- 
maturely  and    before    they    have    performed    their 


proper  functions,  thereby  being  injurious  to  the  next 
year's  crop.  Bearing  this  in  mind,  give  liberal  sup- 
plies of  clear  water  at  the  roots,  but  these  need  not  be 
given  so  frequently  as  when  the  trees  were  swelling 
their  crops. 

Late  Houses. 
I  find  it  is  a  good  plan  in  applying  fertilisers  in  a 
liquid  state  to  the  rods  of  trees  swelling  their  fruit  to 
change  it  ocasionally  from  ordinary  liquid  manure  to 
guano-water.  We  ourselves  use  Beeson's  manure  at 
the  rate  of  9  lb.  to  3G  gallons  of  water,  and  some- 
times we  simply  draw  back  the  surface-dressing  of  shoit 
dung,  strew  a  little  of  the  patent  manure  over  the 
surface,  keeping  it  a  few  inches  from  the  stems  of  the 
trees,  and  then  replace  the  mulch  before  giving  water 
at  the  roots.  By  this  latter  method  of  application  I  con- 
sider the  surface  roots,  which  are  the  chief  feeders  of 
the  trees,  derive  more  benefit  than  they  do  when  the 
nourishment  is  given  in  a  liquid  state.  These  alter- 
nate waterings  of  liquid  manure  (the  drainage  from 
manure  heaps  and  guano-waier  as  indicated  above 
produce,  I  think,  beneficial  effects  on  the  trees,  and 
they  consequently  bear  heavy  crops  that  are  very 
highly  coloured.  //.  W.  Ward,  Lon%ford  Castle. 


necessary.  Planters  of  Plum  trees  for  the  coming 
season  will  do  well  to  choose  a  tree  or  two  (standards 
or  bush-shaped)  of  Rivers'  Early  Prolific.  The  fruit 
of  this  variety  on  bush-shaped  trees  here  is  now  ripe 
(August  9),  and  it  well  deserves  the  name  of  a  prolific 
variety.    G.  H.  Richards^  Somerley,  Rin^wood. 


J4aRDY     "pRUIT    ^C^ARDEJM. 

FIG  TREES. 
If  the  fruit  is  to  ripen  satisfactorily,  crowding  the 
shoots  must  be  avoided.  Where  there  exists  a  crop 
of  fruit  to  repay  the  trouble  the  trees  should  receive  a 
good  syringing  as  soon  as  the  sun  shines  on  them  in 
the  morning.  It  is  not  advisable  to  water  the  roots 
of  outdoor  Fig  trees  much,  but  on  dry  borders,  with 
good  drainage  under  them,  a  good  watering  may  be 
applied  with  very  beneficial  results  just  when  the 
fruits  commence  making  the  final  swelling.  In  this 
garden  the  crops  are  looking  well,  and  the  trees 
promise  to  yield  fine  fruit. 

Early  Apples  and  Pears. 
Early  varieties  of  dessert  Apples,  such  as  Irish 
Peach,  Red  Astrachan,  and  Early  Red  Margaret,  are 
best  when  gathered  and  eaten  direct  from  the  trees  as  long 
as  that  is  possible,  as  they  are  not  adapted  for  keeping 
many  days  in  the  fruit-room.  Devonshire  Qaarr.'n- 
den  should  not  be  left  to  get  over  ripe  before  it  is 
gathered  and  placed  on  the  fruit-room  shelves,  where 
it  will  keep  sound  and  good  for  some  lime.  Wil- 
liams' Bon  Chr£;tien  Pear,  in  well  arranged  fruit 
gardens,  will  be  found  growing  in  several  aspects, 
and  by  commencing  to  gather  from  the  earliest  a 
supply  for  the  dessert  of  this  excellent  Pear  may  be 
assured  for  a  long  time  by  placing  a  few  dozens 
in  the  fruit-room  every  week,  and  not  making  the 
final  gathering  until  the  last  moment.  When  pick- 
ing early  culinary  Apples  a  few  should  be  gathered 
from  every  part  of  the  trees,  in  order  to  allow  the 
remainder  of  the  crop  to  grow  to  their  full  size. 
In  this  part  of  Ilimpshire  Lord  Sufheld,  Cellini, 
and  Stirling  Castle  are  the  best  croppers,  and  often 
crop  well  when  other  varieties  fail.  Cellini  is  an 
Apple  which  requires  using  from  the  trees,  as  it  soon 
decays  after  being  stored  in  ordinary  fruit-rooms. 

General  Work. 
To  lengthen  the  supply  of  Apricots,  if  the  trees  are 
all  on  one  aspect,  a  few  dozens  may  be  exposed 
to  the  sun,  others  kept  well  shaded  by  the  foliage. 
Should  woodlice  attack  the  fruit^a  somewhat  common 
occurrence— the  branches  bearing  the  fruit  should  be 
pegged  out  from  the  wall  a  little,  by  the  aid  of  forked 
sticks.  The  fruit  should  be  kept  in  the  fruit-room 
after  gathering  for  several  days,  in  order  to  allow  the 
base  of  the  fruits  to  ripen  up  well  before  sending 
them  in  for  dessert.  During  hot  weather  the  exposed 
part  often  becomes  over-ripe  before  the  base  is  ripe 
enough  ;  for  this  reason  it  is  best  to  let  them  finish  in 
the  fruit-room.  The  fruit  of  Morello  Cherries  to  be 
used  for  bottling  purposes  should  not  be  allowed  to 
hang  too  long  on  the  trees.  Just  as  the  fruit 
is  changing  from  the  light  to  the  dark  colour, 
and  before  they  have  reached  the  darkest  shade  of 
colouring,  is  the  proper  time  for  bottling  thera,  using 
the  earliest  fruit  first  for  this  purpose,  and  keeping  the 
late  ones  hanging  as  long  as  possible  for  tarts.  Out- 
door Peach  and  Nectarine  trees  bearing  fruit,  now 
rapidly  making  their  final  swelling,  should  receive  a 
last  watering  for  the  season,  adding  extra  mulching  if 


SEEDS   TO   SOW. 


Cahba_^e. — The  principal  and  main  sowing  should 
now  be  made  to  follow  the  earlier  and  smaller  one 
made  last  month.  Plants  from  this  sowing  will 
furnish  the  supply  of  Cabbage  for  next  spring  and 
summer  use,  and  the  sorts  should  include  not  only 
good  early  ones,  such  as  Ellam's  Early,  Wheeler's 
Imperial,  but  aUo  good  successional  varieties,  as 
Enfield  Market,  Eiriy  and  L:irge  Voik,  &c.,  and 
Red  D. itch.  Sown  broadcast  on  raided  beds  4  feet 
wide  they  are  easily  hooped  over  and  netted.  To 
ensure  a  good  seed-bed  the  ground,  after  being  forked 
over  and  made  fine,  should  be  formed  into  beds  with 
alleys  between,  and  if  dry  should  be  well  watered 
before  sowing  the  seed,  and  afterwards  kept  moist 
until  they  germinate.  Too  thickly  placed  and  weakly 
plants  should  be  drawn  out  and  discarded,  and  the 
largest  and  most  forward  when  ready  pricked  out 
into  beds  and  prepared  for  final  planting  out. 

Caul}Jlo-,''cr.  —  Sow  Early  London,  Walcheren,  and 
Veitch's  Autumn  Giant,  from  the  20th  to  the  30th  of 
the  month  on  raised  beds  in  the  same  manner  and 
under  the  same  conditions  as  advised  for  Cabbage. 
The  most  forward  plants  of  Early  London  from  these 
sowings  will  be  available  for  pricking  out  into  hand- 
glasses and  frames  to  furnish  the  first  early  Cauliflower 
next  spring. 

Onions.— 'X\\z  main  sowing  of  Giant  Rocca  and 
other  varieties  sown  in  autumn  to  stand  through  the 
winter  should  now  be  made  in  drills  15  inches  apart. 
Good  rich  firm  ground  that  has  been  well  manured 
for  a  previous  crop  will  be  best.  A  good  top-dressing 
of  soot  should  be  applied  to  the  surface  before  raking 
it  down  and  drawing  the  drills. 

Lctluces. — Make  liberal  sowings  of  the  Cabbage 
varieties  broadcast  on  raised  beds  to  stand  the  winter. 
These,  if  afforded  slight  protection  in  very  severe 
weather,  will  come  into  use  in  a  young  state  for 
salads  long  before  spring-sown  ones.  The  young 
plants  should  be  thinned  sufficiently  to  clear  one 
another,  and  to  become  hardy  and  robust  before 
winter. 

French  Beans. — In  view  of  prolonging  the  supply 
of  these  as  long  as  possible  throughout  the  season, 
when  they  are  most  appreciated,  namely,  whilst 
venison  is  in  season,  seeds  should  be  sown  in  7  and 
S-inch  pots — allowing  for  five  to  six  plants  in  a  pot, 
and  also  for  earthing-up,  and  afterwards  stood  out-of- 
doors,  to  germinate  and  make  their  growth  and  be- 
come established,  removing  them  into  frames  or 
heated  pits,  according  to  the  state  of  the  weather,  and 
other  conditions. 

General  Work. 
Continue  to  earth-up  Celery,  removing  previously 
all  small  decayed  leaves,  and  suckers,  and  be  careful 
to  ascertain  that  the  plants  and  the  soil  at  the  roots 
are  in  a  thoroughly  moist  condition  before  more  is 
added.  Earthing-up  should  be  proceeded  with  at 
regular  intervals,  and  according  to  the  progress  of  the 
plant?,  and  not  much  soil  be  added  at  any  one  time. 
The  foliage  and  soil  should  also  be  in  a  dry  condition 
at  the  time,  and  the  latter  prevented  from  entering  the 
centres  of  the  plants.  Lift  and  store  Potatos  as  they 
become  fit,  and  make  the  last  sowings  of  Turnips  on 
the  vacated  soil.  Thin  out  advancing  crops  and  keep 
the  ground  between  them  well  stirred  with  the  hoe — 
also  between  all  kinds  of  Kale,  &c.,  before  earthing- up. 
Make  good  provision  for  salads  by  planting  out  on 
warm  borders  good  breadths  of  Batavian  curled  En- 
dive, Lettuces,  and  a  liberal  sowing  of  Radishes  to 
pull  from  during  the  autumn  months.  John  Austen^ 
Withy  Court. 


Thuia  gigantea. — In  one  of  the  Canadian  courts 
at  the  Colonial  Exhibition  may  be  seen  a  portion  of  the 
bole  of  this  Arbor-vitze  (often  called  Thuia  Lobbi), 
and  taken  from  a  tree  qirlhing  21  feet,  and  having  a 
height  of  250  feet.  The  specimen  is  from  British 
Columbia.  Jerry  builders  who  plant  this  tree  in 
suburban  forecourts  should  take  note  1 


208 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

MoMDAV  Au^    .«i  F'"t  Special  Trade  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs, 

MONDAY,  Aug.   i6  ^      jjj  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

TUESDAT,        Aug.   17— Calne  Horlicultural  Society's  Show. 

"Shropshire  Horticultural  Society's  Summer 
Show  (two  days). 
I  Sale    of    Bulbs    in    great    variety,    from 
[      Holland,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
r  Basingstoke  Horticultural  Show. 
Maidenh.     '  " 

THURSDAY.     Aug.   .9^  ^'a?s[elens' Rooms. 

Special    Trade    Sale   of   Dutch    Dulbs, 
L      Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 


Wbdnbsday,  Aug. 


headle 


'  \  Cheadle 
J  Sale  of 
1.     &  Moi 


THE  verdict  of  the  foreigner  is  sometimes, 
and  with  some  truth,  looked  on  as  forecast- 
ing the  judgment  of  posterity.  The  inference  is 
not  altogether  to  be  depended  on,  because  poste- 
rity at  least  is  likely  to  be  absolutely  disinterested, 
while  the  opinion  of  the  foreigner  is  likely  to  be 
tinged  with  a  friendly  bias,  or  it  may  be  with  a 
spirit  of  animosity,  according  to  circumstances. 
Still,  under  any  circumstances,  it  is  well  to 
know  what  other  people  think  of  us,  good  or 
evil,  so  long  as  we  can  place  reliance  alike  on 
their  judgment  and  their  honesty.  Our  Belgian 
friends  may  be  relied  on  in  both  particulars. 
We  have  had  far  too  many  proofs  to  doubt 
them,  either  in  the  one  or  in  the  other  quality, 
and,  therefore  we  think  that  some  interest  may 
be  felt  in  the  judgment  of  a  highly  competent 
and  thoroughly  honest  observer  in  the  case  of 
the  late  Liverpool  Exhibition  We  all  of  us 
know  that  that  effort  was  not  so  successful 
as  it  ought  to  have  been,  and  we  may,  as 
we  believe,  with  the  utmost  complacency 
say,  that  the  fault— if  fault  there  be— does 
not  lie  at  the  door  of  the  horticulturists. 
They,  with  singular  unanimity,  advocated  the 
holding  of  a  provincial  show,  at  Liverpool, 
and  they  did  their  best  to  make  it  the  success 
that  it  was  in  some  particulars,  but  which  it  was 
not  in  others.  That  it  was  not  the  fault  of  the 
exhibitors  was  obvious  to  every  specialist,  but 
as  home  specialists  may  not  be  thought  to  be 
independent  witnesses  in  their  own  cause,  we 
think  it  may  not  be  without  interest  to  cite  the 
opinion  of  M.  Pynaert  as  given  in  the  Revue  de 
r Horticulture  Beige.  The  genial  Professor  in 
the  Ghent  School  of  Horticulture  devotes  a  long 
article  to  the  Liverpool  show,  from  which  we 
may  extract  some  remarks  which  have  the 
more  value,  as  the  writer  is  not  only  a  practical 
man,  familiar  by  personal  experience  with  the 
working  of  the  minor  shows  in  Belgium,  which 
are  so  numerous  and  so  good,  but  also  with 
those  magnificent  "quinquennials"  which  at 
their  stated  intervals  attract  the  horticultural 
public  from  all  corners  of  Europe.  When  he 
describes  the  Liverpool  exhibition  as  a ''w/izg-- 
nifique  suais"  we  may  be  sure  that  we  our- 
selves have  some  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  our 
endeavours,  even  though  circumstances  were 
against  us.  If,  says  the  writer,  relatively  few  large 
Palms,  Cycads,  and  Tree  Ferns  were  shown,  there 
was  an  abundance  of  Ferns,  Crotons  such  as  can- 
not be  seen  elsewhere,  pot  Roses  covered  with 
ilowers,'and  a  veritable  "orgy"of  brilliant  flowers 
of  Dipladenia,  Ixora,  Pelargonium,  Pinks,  herba- 
ceous plants,  &c.  Such  Roses,  he  continues,  he 
had  thought  it  impossible  to  be  procured  outside 
the  land  of  Roses.  The  Orchids,  too,  surpassed 
his  expectations,  but  he  returns  to  the  Crotons 
of  Messrs.  Ker  as  specimens  of  irreproachable 
cultivation  and  admirably  arranged.  The  Cala- 
diums  of  Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.  divida  in  his 
opinion  with  the  Crotons  the  honours  of 
the  show,  but  he  has  still  a  word,  too,  for 
a  class  of  plants  which  we  had  thought 
to  have  daclined  of  late  years  in  our  exhi- 
bitions —  we  allude  to  the  specimen  stove 
and  greenhouse  plants.  These,  our  colleague 
speaks  of  particularly  as  plantes  de  cul- 
ture, which  may  be  freely  translated  as  speci- 


men plants,  and  he  points  out  that  they  confer 
on  our  summer  exhibitions  a  splendour  rivalling 
the  magnificence  of  the  Azaleas  at  the  spring 
exhibitions  in  Ghent.  Specimen  plants  of  this 
character  have  a  little  gone  out  of  fashion  in 
this  country  from  their  sameness.  The  speci- 
mens now  exhibited  will  not  quite  equal  what 
were  shown  twenty  or  even  ten  years  ago,  and 
the  reason  is  not  far  to  seek.  The  plants  of 
course  afford  evidence  of  superior  skill  and 
constant  watchfulness,  but  they  palled  by  their 
monotony,  and  the  formality  with  which  they 
were  trained.  They  were  grand  adjuncts  to 
a  horticultural  exhibition,  they  were  objects  of 
intense  interest  to  the  gardener  in  whose  charge 
they  were,  and  they  excited  the  emulation  of 
other  gardeners,  but  to  the  proprietor  they 
were  of  relatively  little  interest  unless  he  him- 
self were  bitten  with  the  exhibition  fever. 
They  occupied  much  room.  The  ladies  of  his 
family  could  not  cut  and  come  again  at  them. 
They  were  ill-suited  for  the  boudoir  or  the 
dinner-table— they  furnished  neither  bouquets 
nor  button-holes.  The  botanist  and  real  plant 
lover,  on  his  side,  after  he  had  become  accus- 
tomed to  the  evidence  of  superior  cultural  skill, 
of  which  they  afforded  such  remarkable  illus- 
tration, became,  like  the  rest  of  the  world, 
wearied  with  their  monotony — a  monotony  such 
that  newspaper  reporters  could  count  on  the 
re-appearance  of  the  "elephants"  at  show 
after  show,  not  only  in  successive  years, 
but  at  successive  shows  in  the  same  year, 
so  that  the  possibility  of  writing  a  fairly 
accurate  report  of  a  particular  show  with- 
out having  gone  near  it  was  by  no  means  a 
hypothetical  vision.  But  if  this  were  the  case, 
what  shall  we  say  of  the  existing  dearth  of  new 
plants  .■"  Our  colleague  has  noted  the  fact  which 
has  been  obvious  to  us  for  some  time  past.  If 
we  except  new  varieties  of  Orchids,  differing 
from  the  old  in  a  spot  or  two  more  or  less,  in  a 
depth  or  a  dilution  of  colour,  and  to  which  there 
seems  no  end,  we  have  had  very  little  else  to 
record  in  the  form  of  new  plants  for  the  last  year 
or  two.  How  few  have  been  exhibited  at  the 
fortnightly  meetings  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  how  few  have  fallen  to  our  lot  to 
describe  and  figure.  There  is,  says  our  Bel- 
gian colleague,  at  this  moment  an  "  inexplicable 
dearth  of  new  plants.  What  does  this  mean  .' 
Are  connoisseurs  more  particular  {difficiles),  or 
are  the  exhibitors  of  novelties  more  con- 
scientious .' " 

Lastly,  we  may  be  excused  for  quoting  the 
remark  that  the  horticultural  Press  of  this 
country  is  a  great  power.  If,  says  M.  Pynaert, 
this  country  may  boast  of  possessing  without 
any  special  school,  with  no  State  aid,  numerous 
gardeners  well  informed  in  all  branches  of 
horticulture,  it  is  to  its  horticultural  Press  that 
these  results  are  due — a  Press  conducted  by 
eminent  men  of  science,  to  whom  week  by 
week  intelligent  practitioners  lend  their  aid, 
contribute  the  results  of  their  observations,  and 
the  record  of  their  failures,  as  well  as  of  their 
successes.  This  is  a  compliment  to  the  English 
gardening  Press  which  they  may  accept  for  its 
obvious  sincerity,  and  from  the  consciousness 
that,  successfully  or  otherwise,  the  horticultural 
Press,  while  not  unmindful  of  its  own  interests, 
sees  that  those  interests  are  best  secured  by 
constant  endeavours  to  promote  the  welfare 
and  stimulate  the  progress  of  horticulture. 


Mr.  Edmund  Baker. — Those  of  our  readers 

(and  they  must  be  many)  who  have  profited  by  the 
learning  and  good  nature  of  the  father  will  rejoice  at 
the  success  of  the  only  son  of  Mr.  J.  G.  Baker, 
F.  R.S.,  of  the  Kew  Herbarium.  Mr.  Edmund 
Baker  has  been  highly  successful  at  the  recent 
examinations  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Society  of  Great 
Britain,  having  gained  a  Certificate  of  Honour  for 
Chemistry,  the  Silver  Medal  for  Botany  and  Materia 
Medica,  the  Bronze  Medal  for  Practical  Chemistry, 
the  Fereira  Silver  Medal,  and  the  Hill's  books 


prize,  and  the  Peter  Squire  books  prize  for  Practi- 
cal Botany.  The  Pereira  Medal  and  the  prizes  of 
books  are  open  to  all  comers.  This  event  must  be 
very  gratifying  to  the  botanists  at  Kew,  following  as 
it  does  so  quickly  after  the  great  college  successes  of 
Mr.  Frank  Oliver,  the  only  son  of  Professor 
Oliver. 

Maps  at  the  Colonial  Exhibition  — The 

information  to  be  derived  from  this  exhibition  seems 
endless.  No  such  opportunity  for  studying  the  geo- 
graphy and  products  of  our  various  colonies  has  ever 
been  afforded.  The  ordinary  visitor  has  too  much  to 
attract  his  attention  to  be  able  to  look  at  maps,  but 
we  may  recommend  those  who  are  something  more 
than  sightseers  to  look  at  the  grand  maps  of  South 
Africa,  New  Zealand,  &c.  They  give  juster  ideas 
of  the  size  and  physical  features  of  a  country 
than  any  other  means.  Mr.  Bolus'  monthly  rainfall 
maps  for  the  various  provinces  of  South  Africa  are 
most  instructive  and  should  be  very  serviceable  to 
growers  of  Cape  plants. 

Double    Flowers. — It    would   seem   as  if 

the  autumn  season  had  some  influence  in  the  produc- 
tion of  double  flowers  ;  in  any  case,  setting  aside 
Begonias,  Fuchsias,  and  Pelargoniums,  which  are 
produced  under  glass,  there  were  to  be  seen,  as  form- 
ing special  features,  at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday 
last,  double  Zinnias,  Petunias,  Balsams,  Hollyhocks, 
Asters,  Pinks,  Dahlias,  and  Roses. 

Grand   National   Dahlia    Show. — The 

Hon.  Secretary,  Mr.  T.  MooRE,  writes  as  follows  : 
— "  Will  you  kindly  allow  me  to  remind  growers  and 
exhibitors  of  the  Dahlia  that  the  show  will  this  year 
take  place  on  September  3  and  4,  at  the  usual  place, 
the  Crystal  Palace,  Sydenham,  and  that  the  Turner 
Memorial  Prize  (Silver  Cup,  value  ;£^io,  for  twelve 
show  and  six  fancy  Dahlias)  is  open  to  further 
competition  on  this  occasion.  Entries  for  the  show 
should  be  sent  to  Mr.  Moore  (Botanic  Garden, 
Chelsea,  S.W.)  on  or  before  August  27.  Schedules 
may  be  had  on  application,  and  donations  to  the 
Prize  Fund  will  be  welcomed.  The  schedule  of  the 
Dahlia  Show  comprises  eighteen  classes,  and  the 
attractions  of  the  show  will  be  enhanced  by  a  display 
of  Gladioli,  Asters,  Hollyhocks,  and  other  flowers 
not  in  bloom  at  the  date  of  the  previous  horticultural 
exhibitions.  The  fruit  show  to  be  held  in  conjunction 
with  that  of  the  Dahlias  should  likewise  be  a  good 
one,  the  prizes  offered  being  numerous  and  attractive. 

Nomenclature. — The  nomenclature  ques- 
tion has  wide  ramifications.  Seedsmen  complain 
that  varieties  sent  out  by  them  under  one  name  are 
sent  out  by  other  seedsmen  as  novelties  under  another 
name,  or  perhaps  with  a  qualification,  such  as  So- 
and-So's  Improved  Popgun,  or  what-not.  Messrs. 
Hurst  &  Son  send  us  a  complaint  that  others  in  the 
trade  are  sending  out  under  the  name  of  Duke  of 
Albany  a  Pea,  of  which  they  send  samples,  certainly 
inferior  to  the  true  Duke  of  Albany,  and  which  we 
cannot  recognise  for  certain,  but  which  appears  to  be 
Duke  of  Connaught  ;  in  any  case  it  is  not  what  it  is 
said  to  be,  and  it  is  decidedly  inferior  to  it.  The 
Vegetable  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  So- 
ciety might  report  on  such  cases,  and  it  is  certainly 
their  duty  to  withhold  certificates  till  the  exhibit  is, 
so  far  as  practicable,  correctly  named.  Grumblers 
should  also  remember  that  the  trials  at  Cbiswick  are 
constituted  for  the  very  purpose  of  settling  the 
synonymy, 

CovENT  Garden  Market. — There  is  now, 

as  is  to  be  expected,  a  large  supply  of  English  fruit 
for  sale,  but  at  the  same  time  the  foreign  produce 
finds  a  ready  sale.  Plums,  &c.,  are  of  both  kinds, 
but  Strawberries,  Raspberries,  and  other  bush  fruit 
are  doubtless  home-grown.  Immense  quantities  of 
Gooseberries  arrive,  but  do  not  sell  well.  Some  fine 
English  Pines  may  be  obtained,  but  the  foreign.grown 
fruit  is  almost  if  not  quite  as  good,  as  the  time  taken 
on  the  voyage  to  England  is  greatly  diminished  now- 
a-days.  English  Apples  are  just  commencing  their 
season,  but  the  Pears  (Williams)  offered  tor  sale  are 
foreign.  Grapes  (Hamburgh  and  Muscats)  are  plen- 
tiful, and  here  again  the  supply  is  both  home  and 
foreign  ;  the  quality  and  size  of  the  berries  are  very 
fine.  Other  hothouse  fruits  comprise  Figs,  Melons, 
Peaches,   Nectarines,  &c.;  a  few  Nuts  may  also  be 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


209 


seen.  Vegetables  are  now  about  as  good  as  they  will 
be.  Salads  of  all  sorts,  Radishes,  Cauliflowers,  Beans, 
Artichokes,  Tomatos,  Onions  (Spanish  and  spring),  Cu- 
cumbers, and  a  few  others  being  very  plentiful.  Peas,  of 
which  the  last  are  almost  over,  are  very  few,  but  of  good 
quality.  The  plants  in  pots  comprise  many  different 
kinds,  a  great  selection  being  offered  :  Carnations, 
Ferns,  Balsams,  Liliums,  Begonias,  Palms,  Pelar- 
goniums, Fuchsias,  cStc. ,  being  the  most  plentiful.  Of 
cut  flowers  there  is  an  almost  endless  variety,  and  we 
can  only  say  that  Composites  and  Centaureas  are 
plentiful  in  many  forms.  Asters,  Roses,  Pelar- 
goniums, Mignonette,  Myosotis,  Liliums,  Stocks,  may 
be  cited  as  the  most  plentiful.  There  are  many  hot- 
house flowers  also.  The  end  of  summer  is  announced 
by  the  appearance  of  the  Lavender  and  the  berried 
branches  of  the  Mountain  Ash  or  Rowan  tree. 

Two  New  Species  of  Rhododendron. — 

Rhododendron  Smirnowi  is  a  tall  shrub  with  branches, 
leaf-stalk,  flower  stalk,  and  the  underside  of  the  leaf 
covered  with  soft  white  wool-like  hairs.  The  flowers, 
which  are  small,  of  a  carmine-purple  colour,  are  dis- 
posed in  terminal  umbels.  R.  Ungerni  resembles 
the  above  in  general  characteristics,  has  smallish  white 
flowers  which  are  on  the  inside  and  outside  of  the 
throat  covered  with  down.  Both  of  these  species 
were  discovered  in  the  district  of  Batoum  by  Baron 
Ungern-Sternberg,  who  found  them  growing  under 
the  protection  of  trees  of  Picea  orientalis.  Figured 
in  Garten  Flora,  July  I. 

Begonia  Hoegeana. — A  beautiful  climbing 

species,  attaching  itself  by  means  of  air  roots  to  the 
walls  of  the  stove.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  the 
leaves  dark  green,  10  cm.  long.  It  is  allied  to  B. 
nitida  but  differs  from  that  species  in  the  divided 
triangular  raceme,  much  sma'ler  flowers  and  almost 
oval  leaves.  Collected  by  H.  HoEGE  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Jalapa,  Mexico.   GarUn  Fiora. 

A  Pleasant   Recognition.  —  Mr.  John 

Martin,  who  has  lately  been  employed  in  laying  out 
and  improving  the  estate  of  W.  West,  Esq.,  of 
Barcot,  near  Faringdon,  and  who  has  succeeded  in 
converting  the  estate  from  its  previous  barren  state  to 
one  of  a  fertile  and  attractive  character,  has  been 
presented  with  a  valuable  gold  watch  by  his  employer, 
as  a  mark  of  his  appreciation  of  Mr.  Martin's 
services. 

Royal  Botanic  Society   of  London. — 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Fellows  of  this  Society  was 
held  on  Tuesday  last,  at  the  house  of  the  Society,  Inner 
Circle,  Regent's  Park.  Mr.  J.  P.  Gassiot,  Vice- 
President,  occupied  the  chair.  The  forty-seventh 
annual  report  of  the  Council  stated  that  although  the 
number  of  new  subscribers  was  small,  the  Council 
believed  this  to  be  but  a  temporary  lull.  The  total 
receipts  of  the  year  had  been  <i6038  i8j.,  as  against 
^6487  17J.  lOi/.  in  the  previous  year.  The  Council 
were  cautious  now  in  expenditure,  and  in  some  cases 
had  been  able  to  reduce  the  working  expenses.  A 
new  hardy  fernery  bad,  however,  been  constructed, 
and  a  new  vane  tower  had  been  erected,  the  latter 
being  intended  for  the  new  sunshine  recording  instru- 
ments. Special  reference  was  made  to  the  facilities 
that  had  been  afforded  to  the  Indian  and  Colonial 
visitors  to  this  country,  which  had  been  gratefully 
acknowledged,  and  it  was  further  pointed  out  that 
another  example  of  the  Society's  usefulness  was  the 
large  number  of  students  who  year  by  year  applied 
for  admission  to  the  gardens  for  study  of  various 
kinds,  as  well  as  for  specimens  to  assist  them  in 
their  studies.  The  number  of  artists  and  students 
on  the  books  was  729,  and  of  cut  specimens  supplied, 
24,547.  Various  propositions  were  submitted  by 
different  members,  but  all  of  them  fell  through  for 
want  of  supporters.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  passed 
to  the  Duke  of  Teck  for  his  services  as  President, 

Secreting  Glands  on  Chysis  aurea. — 

In  addition  to  that  mentioned  at  p.  84  of  the  present 
volume,  and  that  figured  and  described  in  vol.  xxiv., 
p.  20,  fig.  6,  of  this  work,  a  similar  instance  in  the 
case  of  Chysis  aurea  may  be  mentioned.  Just  when 
the  flowers  are  on  the  point  of  opening  or  fully  ex- 
panded, the  sepals  are  seen  to  be  dewed  all  over  with 
little  drops  of  moisture,  secreted  by  glands,  apparently 
irregularly  scattered  over  their  backs.  The  species  of 
Chysis  have  fleshy  flowers,  and  waste  products  may  not 
infrequently  be  exuded  by  them  during  the  many 
chemical  changes  that  take  place  while  the  flowers  are 


being  matured  for  fertilisation.  A  specimen  flowers 
annually  in  the  Orchid-house  at  Kew,  and  not  only 
does  it  show  the  glands  but  it  is  habitually  self-fertilised. 
Whether  this  is  an  individual  character,  or  more  or 
less  conspicuously  developed  in  different  individuals 
or  common  to  the  species,  would  require  an  examina- 
tion of  specimens  from  as  widely  different  localities  as 
possible.  But  the  specimen  at  Kew  does  not  always 
behave  alike  in  successive  years.  Occasionally  the 
flowers  last  in  beauty  for  some  considerable  time,  while 
in  other  seasons  they  scarcely  expand  before  the  effects 
of  fertilisation  exhibit  themselves  by  the  shrivelling 
and  drying  up  of  the  flowers.  A  great  quantity  of 
viscid  matter  is  developed  from  the  rostellum,  by 
means  of  which  the  pollen  tubes  develope  in  situ,  and 
pass  down  through  the  viscid  matter  to  the  stigmatic 
disc,  when  the  column  begins  to  swell  and  the  flowers 
to  fade.  The  species  was  flgured  in  the  Botanical 
Register,  t.  1937. 

National    Chrysanthemum   Society.— 

This  important  body  has  forwarded  to  us  its  Catalogue 
of  Chrysanthemums,  duly  corrected  down  to  date, 
thereby  rendering  great  assistance  to  those  who 
desire  to  enter  the  ranks  of  the  Chrysanthemum 
growers.  Tne  synonyms  given  are  very  useful  to 
beginners. 

A  Successful  Flower  Show. — As  an  in" 

stance  of  a  truly  successful  flower  show  in  the  pro- 
vinces, we  may  point  to  that  recently  held  in  the 
Abbey  Park,  Leicester,  on  the  2d  inst.,  when  the 
show  was  visited  by  nearly  40,000  people — the  takings 
amounting  to  .1^640.  After  paying  all  expenses  a 
balance  on  the  right  side  of  ^450  remained.  Let  us 
hope  that  this  successful  initial  venture  —  with  its 
handsome  balance— may  be  the  means  of  resusci- 
tating the  at 'present  extinct  Leicestershire. 

Scottish  Aruokicultural  Society.— 

The  members  of  this  Society  commenced  their  excur- 
sion on  Wednesday,  the  4th  of  August,  under  most 
favourable  circumstances.  It  had  been  arranged  that 
the  visit  this  year  should  be  to  the  woodlands  of  the 
Island  of  Bute,  and  to  the  policies  of  Inverary,  per- 
mission having  been  obtained  from  the  Marquis  of 
Bute  and  the  Duke  of  Argyle.  Next  week  we 
will  give  our  readers  an  account  of  the  excursion  to 
the  various  places. 

Presentation    to    Mr.    Ingram.  —  On 

Thursday,  August  S,  a  presentation  of  plate  and 
a  cheque  for  ^90  was  made  to  Mr.  W.  Ingram  of 
Belvoir,  "  in  appreciation  of  the  manner  in  which  he 
originated  and  developed  the  spring  gardens  at  Bel- 
voir." If  this  were  the  only  ground  for  recognition 
we  do  not  know  that  the  matter  would  be  of  public 
interest,  but  as  many  of  our  readers  know,  and  as  we 
have  had  many  years  experience,  Mr.  Ingram's 
merits  have  a  much  wider  scope,  and  we  rejoice  that 
they  have  found  such  pleasing  recognition.  We  shall 
give  in  our  next  issue  a  fuller  account  of  the  cere- 
mony of  presentation  than  circumstances  now  allow 
us  to  do. 

Extraordinary  Forecast  of  the  Re- 
sult of  the  General  Election. — On  the  day  of 
the  Manchester  and  Salford  elections — July  2nd — 
Mr.  Bruce  Findlay  of  the  Botanical  Gardens,  Old 
Traftord,  writing  to  Mr.  Benjamin  Armitage,  of 
Sorrel  Bank,  Pendleton,  said  : — "  There  will  be  six 
Conservatives  returned  to-day  for  Manchester  and 
Salford.  Final  result  :  390  Conservatives  and 
Unionists,  and  280  Gladstonians."  This  was  the 
exact  result  according  to  an  analysis  published  on 
July  24th. 

Supply  OF  Bulbs  to  London  Parks.— The 

Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  have  accepted  the 
tender  of  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  and  Para- 
dise Nurseries,  Upper  HoUoway,  London,  N. ,  for 
supplying  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Daffodils,  &c. , 
for  Finbury  Park,  Southwark  Park,  Leicester  Square, 
Victoria  Embankment  and  Chelsea  Embankment. 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.   James 

McCuLLUM  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Lady 
Harriet  Warde,  Knotley  Hall,  Leigh,  Tunbridge, 
Kent.— Mr.  J.  Bailey,  late  Foreman  at  the  Gardens, 
Shoreham  Place,  Kent,  has  been  appointed  Gardener 
to  Sir  E.  Dorington,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Lypiatt  Park, 
Stroud,  Gloucestershire. 


THE    NOMENCLATURE 
ORCHIDS. 


OF 


The  difficulty  in  the  nomenclature  of  Orchids, 
especially  that  raised  at  South  Kensington  in  con- 
nection with  the  naming  of  varieties  by  amateurs 
and  private  growers,  is  only  one  phase  of  the  ques- 
tion, which  is  daily  becoming  a  matter  of  serious 
apprehension.  Owing  to  the  vastness  of  the  order 
and  the  almost  endless  series  of  closely  allied 
species  occurring  in  some  of  the  genera,  botan- 
ists of  all  ages  have  experienced  great  difficulty 
in  defining  them.  Not  only  is  this  the  case  with 
specific  distinctions,  but  even  with  closely  allied 
genera,  such  as  Oocidium,  Odontoglossum,  and  Mil- 
tonia.  This  may  easily  be  inferred  by  reference 
to  Lindley's  works,  where,  although  he  is  known 
as  the  greatest  exponent  of  the  order,  his  writings 
teem  with  difficulties  and  the  confessions,  not  only  of 
other  botanists'  mistakes,  but  of  his  own.  In  the 
Sertum  Orchidaccttm,  under  plate  xxv.,  he  makes  an 
attempt  to  define  Oncidium,  Cyrtochilum,  Miltonia, 
and  Odontoglossum,  but  alter  the  examination  of  a 
great  many  other  species,  he  was  under  the  necessity 
of  dropping  out  Cyrtochilum  as  a  genus  altogether, 
and  merely  regarding  it  as  an  artificial  section  of 
Oncidium.  The  species  originally  described  under 
Cyrtochilum  by  Humboldt,  Bonpland,  and  Kunth 
were  distinct  in  themselves,  but  are  connected  with 
other  species  by  numerous  insensible  gradations. 
The  genus  is  now  scattered  all  through  the  other  three 
genera  above  mentioned,  and  even  in  Cyrtochilum 
maculatum  var.  parviflorum,  Lindley  discovered 
characters  breaking  down  Cyrtochilum  as  a  section. 
The  Genera  Plantarum  does  not  adopt  the  above  as  a 
section,  but  includes  the  above  species  in  section 
Planifolia  of  Oncidium.  Miltonia,  now  pretty  clearly 
defined  in  the  Genera  Plantarum,  includes  several 
species  most  commonly  grown  in  gardens  under  the 
name  of  Odontoglossum,  showing  that  when  plants 
once  get  distributed  under  certain  names  it 
seems  an  insurmountable  task  to  endeavour  to 
correct  the  mistakes,  or  induce  horticulturists  to 
adopt  the  correct  name,  which  to  them  seems 
merely  an  alternative  or  a  new  one.  M.  vexil- 
laria  is  one  of  the  most  popular,  commonest, 
useful,  and  most  beautiful  of  the  genus,  but  will 
probably  retain  a  place  in  gardens  for  years  to 
come  under  the  name  of  Odontoglossum.  The  same 
objection  applies  to  M.  Roezlii,  M.  Phaljenopsis, 
M.  Endresii,  and  M.  Warscewiczii,  some  of  which 
have  been  variously  named,  but  generally  Odonto- 
glossum. The  last-named  species  is  cultivated  under 
the  names  of  Oncidium  Weltoni,  O.  fuscatum,  and 
Odontoglossum  Weltoni.  M.  Endresii  is  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  6163,  under  the  name  of 
Odontoglossum  Warscewiczii,  but  being  a  true  Mil- 
tonia, and  the  later  specific  name  already  employed, 
it  has  been  found  convenient  in  the  Illustrated  Dic- 
tionary of  Gardening  to  name  it  after  Endris,  who 
first  introduced  live  plants  of  it  to  this  country. 
Another  species  may  here  be  mentioned,  namely, 
M.  flavescens.  It  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Register, 
t.  1627,  as  Cyrtochilum  flavescens,  and  is  a  connect- 
ing link  between  Miltonia  and  Oncidium.  The 
whole  form  a  sufficiently  natural  group,  and  Bentham 
must  have  been  misinformed  when  he  states  (p.  563) 
in  the  Genera  Plantarum  that  M.  vexillaria  and  us 
allies  do  not  hybridise  with  the  other  species  of 
Miltonia. 

Under  Mesospinidium  a  number  of  species  have 
been  grouped,  of  very  different  characters  and  con- 
struction, and  which  nevertheless  maintain  their 
erroneous  appellations  in  many  collections.  The 
typical  and  originally  described  species  is  now  con- 
sidered as  a  species  of  Odontoglossum,  while  all  the 
others  more  recently  grouped  under  the  genus  have 
been  referred  to  various  others.  One  of  these  is  the 
popular  and  well-known  Ada  aurantiaca,  while 
equally  well  known  are  Cochlioda  rosea,  C.  sanguinea, 
and  C.  vulcanica.  C.  rosea  was  described  under 
Odontoglossum  by  Lindley ;  but  the  structure  of  the 
flowers  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  that  of  Epiden- 
drum,  especially  those  of  C.  rosea  and  C.  vulcanica, 
while  the  poUinia  at  once  refer  them  to  the  great 
tribe  Vandese. 

Arachnanthe  Cathcartii  still  continues  to  be  grown 
in  gardens  under  the  name  of  Vanda,  although  in 
structure  it  is  distinctly  different  from  the  latter  genus. 
The  same  statement  applies  to  A.  Lowei  (the  old 
Vanda  Lowei),  with  its  long  slender  racemes  of  large 
curiously  dimorphic  flowers,   and  which   serve  as  a 


2IO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  18 


connecting  link  between  the  broad*petaled  A.  Cath- 
cartii  and  the  rest  of  the  genus.  The  above- 
mentioned  are  but  a  few  of  the  many  rectifications 
needed  in  the  great  family  of  Orchids,  for  some  of 
the  genera,  such  as  Acrides  and  OJontcglossum,  are 
still  very  badly  defined.   'J.  F. 


pRUIT      j^OTEp. 

MORELLO    CHERRIES  :      BORDERS    TURFED 
OVER  i:   CULTIVATED   BORDERS. 

Having  had  considerable  experience  with  both  the 
above  modes  of  cultivation,  I  should  like  to  say  a  few 
words  on  this  subject.  We  have  a  large  quantity  of 
trees  on  north  walls  in  these  gardens,  the  borders  of 
which  are  turled  over,  others  with  cultivated  borders, 
for  other  purposes,  but  from  those  trees  with  the 
borders  tur/ed  over  we  gather  the  finest  fruit  ;  these 
trees  are  in  the  best  of  health,  and  do  not  have  any 
branches  die  off,  as  is  so  often  seen  on  those  growing 
in  cultivated  borders.  In  my  opinion  this  is  certainly 
by  far  the  best  way  to  grow  these  Cherries  as  they 
withstand  a  dry  season  better,  and  also  yield  a  larger 
quantity  of  much  finer  fruit,  than  those  in  cultivated 
borders,  even  with  heavy  mulchings  of  manure. 
And  to  those  who  have  not  already  tried  this  system, 
I  can  highly  recommend  it  after  some  years'  experience 
of  both  systems. 

Peach  Alexander. 
I  gathered  fruit  from  this  variety  on  July  31,  from 
a  tree  on  the  open  wall,  at  the  same  time  we  were 
gathering  Hale's  Early  from  an  unheated  Peach-house. 
1  am  quite  convinced  that  Alexander  is  much  earlier 
than  Hale's  Early,  and  intend  having  the  tree  removed 
to  the  early  Peach-house  this  autumn  ;  the  fruit  is  of 
good  size,  richly  coloured,  and  of  excellent  flavour, 
Edward  Ward,  HewcH  Gardens,  Bromsgrove, 

Pear  Delices  d'Hiver. 
Fruit  large,  elongate  pyriform,  with  a  short  stalk 
set  obliquely  ;    eye  shallow  ;   skin  rusiety  ;  flesh  mo- 
derately   fine,    juicy,    acid.      Season,    December  to 
January,  Bulletin  d' Arboricullurc. 

Waterloo  Peach. 
Last  week  (August  3)  I  saw  at  Slough,  in  a  garden 
belonging  to  the  Koyal  Nurseries  there,  a  young 
tree  of  this  Peach  covered  with  largish,  very  high 
and  brightly  coloured  fruit.  Mr.  Aithur  Turner 
informed  me  that  he  had  been  taking  Peaches  from 
this  liee  for  a  fortnight,  and  also  that  in  a  friend's 
garden  the  first  fruit  of  the  same  variety  had  been 
gathered  more  than  three  weeks  previously.  The 
flavour,  as  in  that  of  all  very  early  Peaches,  was  not 
first-class,  but  was  quite  equal  to  Hale's  Early  in 
this  respect.  There  was  no  coping  on  the  wall, 
therefore  Waterloo,  if  it  will  succeed  elsewhere  as  it 
does  at  Slough,  may  be  written  down  as  an  invalu- 
able early  outdoor  Peach.  //  I'agabondo. 


ALPINE   PLANTS    IN    SEASON. 

Geranium  argenteum.  —  Comparatively  few 
gardens  can  boast  of  this  choice  species,  although  it 
has  been  a  constant  or  intermittent  inhabitant  of 
British  gardens  since  1699,  when  it  was  introduced 
from  South  Europe.  The  protection  of  a  cold  frame 
was  considered  necessary  for  its  welfare,  but  a  plant 
on  the  rockery  at  Kew  has  stood  out  for  several  years 
unprotected,  bravely  holding  its  own  like  a  true 
alpine,  and  although  increase  is  very  slow,  the  plant 
continues  to  throw  up  fresh  flowers  great  part  of  the 
summer.  The  twin-flowered  peduncles  just  rise  above 
the  foliage,  bearing  large  pale  rose  or  pink  flowers, 
beautifully  striated  with  darker  veins.  Not  only  is 
this  species  distinct  and  choice  in  its  flowers  and 
dwarf  habit,  but  the  silvery  five  to  seven  parted 
leaves  furnish  a  delicate  background  to  the  still  more 
delicate  and  attractive  flowers.  For  rockwork  it  is 
even  dwarfer  and  more  compact  than  G.  sanguineum 
var.  prostratum,  and  if  not  rarer  in  a  wild  state  is  so 
in  this  country.  Like  most  of  the  Geraniums,  it 
delights  in  an  open  exposure  in  a  situation  that  is 
well  drained  and  r-ither  dry  than  otherwise.  Under 
these  conditions  it  ripens  perfectly,  which  is  a  great 
assistance  in  helping  it  to  withstand  our  extremely 
changeable  winter.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  504,  and  another  in  Sweet's 
Geraniaccit,  59. 


Dryas  octopetala. 

Of  the  two  or  three  species  recognised  by  science, 
not  the  least  ornamental  or  useful  is  that  of  our  native 
plant.  It  is  essentially  alpine  in  habit  and  distri- 
bution, ascendmg  to  an  elevation  of  2700  feet  in  some 
of  the  more  mountainous  districts  of  this  island.  On 
rockwork,  of  course,  it  is  extremely  hardy,  and  will 
thrive  in  the  most  exposed  places,  creeping  over  stones 
and  rocky  ledges,  which  it  decorates  in  the  most 
happy  manner.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  London, 
where  the  rainfall  is  light  and  the  atmosphere  dry,  a 
good  depth  of  soil  is  necessary  in  order  that  the  roots 
may  penetrate  deeply  and  establish  themselves  beyond 
the  reach  of  drought.  For  the  same  reason  a  peaty 
soil  is  often  used  as  affording  a  cool  medium  into 
which  the  roots  readily  descend,  after  which  the 
prostrate,  much  branched  leafy  stems  will  closely 
carpet  the  ground.  Under  such  conditions  no  shade 
is  necessary  even  in  the  climate  of  London,  but  the 
pUnts  will  display  a  healthy  appearance  and  flower 
freely,  extending  over  a  considerable  period,  about 
this  time.  The  coarsely-toothed  Oak-like  leaves  are 
evergreen,  and  Irom  their  fancied  resemblance  to  those 
of  the  latter  tree  suggested  the  generic  name  Dryas, 
meaning  an  Oak.  The  comparatively  large  white 
flowers  are  carried  above  the  foliage  on  short 
peduncles,  and  when  the  petals  have  dropped  the 
feathery  styles  elongate,  and,  becoming  conspicuous, 
prolong  the  beauty  of  the  plant  for  a  considerable 
period.     It  is  figured  in  English  Botany,  451. 

Linaria  alpina. 
Singularly  enough  this  alpine  gem  was  introduced 
more  than  300  years  ago,  yet  the  number  of  gardens 
into  which  it  has  found  its  way  is  as  nothing  com- 
pared with  the  number  of  years  since  first  introduced 
from  Austria.  It  enjoys  a  pretty  extensive  distribu- 
tion on  the  Alps  of  Central  and  Souih  Europe,  and 
ought  therefore  to  be  hardier  than  it  is  generally  con- 
sidered to  be.  The  protection  of  a  cold  frame  was 
formerly  considered  essential  to  preserve  it  in  winter, 
but,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  at  all  events,  this 
is  not  requisite,  save  in  exceptionally  severe  winters. 
Like  many  other  species  of  Linaria  and  Antirrhinum, 
it  delights  to  insert  its  roots  in  the  crevices  of  rocks 
and  old  walls,  when  it,  conjointly  with  its  congeners 
and  near  allies,  is  able  to  exist  comfortably  ;  whereas 
the  same  plants  in  rich  moist  soil  would  in  most  cases 
be  killed  in  a  severe  winter.  A  full  exposure  to  the 
sun,  or  at  least  to  light,  is  a  large  item  in  its  require- 
ments, and  it  would  soon  appear  unhappy  if  coddled  in 
any  way,  especially  in  an  imperfectly  lighted  place. 
The  plant  is  perennial,  and  easily  propagated  by 
cuttings  in  sandy  soil  under  a  handlight.  The  slender 
procumbent  stems  bear  the  flowers  in  short  numerous 
flowered  racemes  towards  their  apex,  and  are  well 
furnished  with  linear  leaves,  four  in  a  whorl,  of  a 
deep  glaucous  colour,  characteristic  of  several  other 
species,  such  as  L,  trislis  and  L,  purpurea.  The 
flowers  are  violet-purple,  with  a  deep  orange  palate, 
and,  though  moderately  small,  are  extremely  pretty 
or  fascinating.  There  are  figures  of  the  species  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  205,  and  in  Flore  des  Serres, 
212S. 

Cyananthus  lobatus. 
It  is  probable  that  this  curious  and  uncommonly 
pretty  little  Campanulad  has  several  times  been  lost 
and  again  raised  Irom  seeds  since  its  first  introduction 
in  1S45.  With  most  cultivators  it  proves  somewhat 
diflicult  to  manage,  but  to  those  who  have  made  a 
tolerable  acquaintance  with  it  the  difticulties  dwarf  into 
into  insignificai.ce.  Plants  have  been  grown  both  on  the 
old  and  new  rockeries  at  Kew,  but  those  succeed  best 
planted  in  a  cool,  moist  peaty  bed,  with  an  eastern 
aspect  and  full  exposure  to  light.  They  thus  receivelhe 
benefit  of  the  morning  sun,  but  are  screened  from 
direct  sunlight  for  the  rest  of  the  day  by  some  Pine 
trees,  sufficiently  distant  not  to  affect  the  bed  with  their 
roots.  By  such  treatment  healthy  plants  are  developed 
that  commence  flowering  in  the  latter  end  of  July  or 
the  beginning  of  August,  and  keep  up  a  succession  for 
several  weeks.  The  flowers  are  produced  singly  at 
the  ends  of  ascending  leafy  stems,  and  are  of  a  beauti- 
ful light  blue,  with  a  wide  spreading  or  reflexed  lamina 
curiously  bearded  around  the  orifice  with  hairs  of  the 
same  colour  or  paler.  Of  the  six  known  species  this 
is  probably  the  finest  and  the  best  known,  and  ought 
to  be  hardier  than  cultivators  seem  to  reckon  it,  see- 
ing that  it  inhabits  the  Himalayas  at  elevations 
rangingfrom  12.000  — 14,000  feet.  The  plant  is  liable  to 
variation,  if  we  are  to  judge  from  figures,  or  it  may  be 


badly  executed,  but  there  is  a  tolerably  good  repre- 
sentation in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  64^*5. 

Gentiana  septemfida. 
The  original  and  typical  form  of  this  species, 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  1229,  has  ovate 
three  nerved  leaves,  and  does  not  seem  to  be  so  fre- 
quently cultivated  now  as  a  broader  leaved  form,  with 
ovate-cordate  five-nerved  leaves.  This  latter  form  is 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  1410,  and  more 
recently  at  6497.  By  so.me  mistake  the  latter  had 
come  to  be  known  in  gardens  and  disseminated 
under  the  name  of  G.  gelida,  a  Siberian  plant,  with 
large  yellow  flowers,  and  possibly  lost  to  cultivation. 
G.  gelida  is  also  recorded  as  coming  from  the 
Caucasus,  while  G.  septemfida  also  comes  from  the 
latter  place  — the  Crimea  and  the  Persian  Alps  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Caspian  Sea.  Of  the  dwarf 
blue-flowering  species  it  is  one  of  the  prettiest,  and  at 
the  same  time  most  easily  and  successfully  ciil;ivated. 
The  stems  are  ascending,  bearing  a  cluster  of  deep 
blue  flowers,  finely  spotted  in  the  throat,  and  under 
ordinary  circumstances  do  not  exceed  6  or  8  inches  in 
length.  The  flowers  are  also  comparatively  large  for 
the  size  of  the  plant,  with  the  corolla  usually  five- 
cleft  at  the  mouth,  and  having  five  short,  lacerated, 
intermediate  segments.  Pallas,  who  first  named  the 
species,  must  have  described  it  from  very  exceptional 
specimens,  as  another  acute  botanist  says  that  not  one 
in  a  thousand  has  a  seven-cleft  corolla,  as  the  specific 
name  would  lead  us  to  suppose.  Like  most  other 
Gentians  this  species  is  partial  to  a  moist  soil,  and 
provided  that  is  secured,  it  is  a  long-lived  perennial, 
flowering  annually  without  any  trouble.  If  planted 
on  rockwork,  with  an  eastern  a;pect,  and  screened 
from  the  raid-day  and  afternoon  sun,  it  will  thrive 
very  satisfactorily.    'J.  F, 


STANCLIFFE. 

(Seis  Supplementary  Sheet.] 
In  our  number  for  December  27,  1S84,  we  gave  a 
double  page  illuitration  of  the  remarkable  garden 
carved  out  of  the  hillside  at  StanclilTe,  near  Matlock. 
Nothing  can  exceed  the  boldness  and  beauty  of  the 
rock  scenery  here,  and  the  utmost  has  been  done  to 
accentuate  the  fine  scenery  by  judicious  planting. 

Sir  Joseph  Whitworth,  to  whom  this  unique  estate 
belongs,  has  spared  neither  pains  nor  expense  to  clothe 
the  barren  sandstone  rock,  and  to  bring  out  in  the  most 
elTiCtive  manner  the  contrast  between  the  boldness  and 
majesty  of  the  rocks  and  the  richness  and  variety  of 
foliage  and  fiowers.  What  Mr.  Dawson  has  suc- 
ceeded in  effecting  under  Sir  Joseph's  directions  is 
amply  detailed  in  the  number  already  indicated,  but 
we  gladly  avail  ourselves  of  another  opportunity  o( 
illustrating  this  fine  garden  as  remarkable  for  the 
variety  and  vigorous  health  of  the  trees  and  shrubs 
in  general  as  for  the  rock  scenery  and  excellent 
keeping. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Dawson 
for  the  following  more  detailed  account  of  the  various 
plants  wherewith  the  rock  garden  is  planted  : — 

This  makes  a  charming  scene,  it  being  the  point 
de  resistance  of  a  very  fine  crescent,  at  the  foot  of 
which,  in  its  hollow,  is  a  small  piece  of  ornamental 
water,  which  washes  the  base  of  the  rocks  (shown  in 
the  illustration)  which  rise  out  of  it.  On  one  of  the 
overhanging  clifi's,  and  springing  out  of  a  carpeting  of 
Cotoneaster  microphylla,  which  grows  here  in  great 
abundance,  is  a  well  grown  specimen  of  Picea  lasio- 
carpa  about  15  feet  high.  Behind  it  are  two  Cedrus 
Deodora,  whose  drooping  habit  of  growth  contrasts 
favourably  with  the  more  formal  looking  Picea. 
Still  higher  on  the  slope  are  several  good  specimens 
of  Wellingtonia  gigantea,  which  do  well  here  so 
long  as  they  have  sufficient  shelter  from  the  rough 
winds  with  which  the  district  is  often  visited.  This 
portion  is  known  as  the  Wellingtonia  bank.  Amongst 
the  latter  there  are  several  fine  plants  of  Cedrus 
atlantica,  Pinus  Cembra,  and  Pinus  austriaca,  which 
are  readily  distinguishable  in  the  illustration  from 
the  various  other  forms  with  which  this  bank  is 
covered.  Conspicuous  amongst  these  are  dwarf 
growing  Heaths  in  variety,  Rhododendrons  hirsutum, 
ferrugineum,  and  Wilsoni,  and  GauUheria  Shallon, 
which  are  planted  in  masses  ;  the  rocks  forming  its 
base  are  chiefly  occupied  by  Cotoneaster  microphylla 
and  different  varieties  of  Berberis,  with  here  and 
there  a  mass  of  Sweet  Williams,  now  at  this  season 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


211 


at  iheir  best.  Half-way  up  this  bank,  along  a  ledge 
of  varying  width,  but  concealed  by  the  shrubs  as  seen 
from  below,  is  a  walk  9  feet  wide,  with  a  narrow 
verge  of  turf,  which  widens  here  and  there  into  small 
bays  as  space  permits.  This  is  called  the  Cavern 
Walk, because  it  gives  the  means  of  access  to  a  cavern 
in  the  rocks  of  considerable  dimension-,  which  is 
composed  of  huge  blocks  of  sandstone,  and  bears 
traces  of  a  great  upheaval  in  some  long-past  age. 
Passing  along  this  walk  a  fine  collection  of  Hollies 
is  seen  occupying  the  ascendinL;  banks.  On  the 
lower  side  of  the  slope,  between  the  level  of  the 
walk  and  the  rocks,  which  rise  out  of  the  water 
before  mentioned,  are  several  groups  of  Cupiessus 
Liwsoniana  and  other  pyramidal  tr::es,  each  of  which 
is  a  specimen  in  itstlf. 


^COTCH      ]^  OTflp. 


ORCHIDS,  &c.,  AT  NUNFIELD,  DUMFRIES. 
Mr.  Henry  Walter  Scott  exhibits  at  his  fine 
place,  Nunfield,  near  Dumfries,  the  same  keen  and 
intelligent  interest  in  horticulture  that  his  broiher,  Mr. 
George  Scolt,  does  at  Wood  Bank.  In  a  number  of 
well  constructed  houses  there  is  a  fine  coUeciion  of 
miscellaneous  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  and  a  com- 
prehensive selection  of  choice  Orchids,  all  in  the 
finest  condition  as  regards  culture.  Among  the 
Orchids  in  bloom  we  noted  grand  samples  of  the 
following  :  —  Oncidium  intertextum,  with  five  enor- 
mous panicles  carrying  over  300  blooms ;  O.  ma- 
cranthum,  a  remarkable  boldly  marked  variety;  O. 
Jonesianum,  flowering  very  freely  in  several  distinct 
varieties  ;  these  were  growing  on  bare  blocks  suspen- 
ded near  the  glass,  and  had  made  fine  growth  ;  Odon- 
toglossum  Pescatorei  bearing  two  strong  spikes  with 
over  100  blooms  of  medium-size  but  deep  rose-tinted 
and  of  great  substance  ;  O.  Lindleyanum,  a  fine  plant 
in  a  9-inch  pot,  bearing  twenty-five  spikes — a  beauti- 
ful variety  ;  O.  Roezli,  a  very  healthy  plant,  covered 
with  large  clearly  coloured  flowers.  In  Cattleyas  in 
bloom  were  some  fine  samples  of  C.  Gaskelliana,  one 
variety  with  unusually  large  deep  purple-rose  blooms 
being  very  attractive';  and  a  very  fine  form  of  C.  Eldo- 
rado flowering  freely.  A  grand  plant  of  the  former 
species,  throwing  up  thirty-one  spikes  of  bloom,  will 
be  something  of  a  spectacle  in  itself  shortly.  Den- 
drobium  Falconeri,  a  magnificent  specimen  on  a 
block,  was  flowering  in  great  profusion  ;  D.  Bensoni^K 
\i  remarkably  well  done  here — Mr.  Rowe,  the  gar- 
dener, grows  it  in  pure  cocoa-nut  fibre  ;  the  growths 
are  exceptionally  strontj,  and  even  now  well  advanced 
in  ripening.  Other  Orchidi  in  bloom  were  beautiful 
p'ants  of  the  curious  Masdcvallia  bella  and  Acrldes 
virens. 

The  Orchid  baskets  here  are  worthy  of  special 
remark.  Mr.  Rowe  is  not  only  a  good  cultivator, 
but  a  tasteful  mechanic,  as  is  exemplified  in  the 
numerous  well  adapted  and  handsome  baskets  he  has 
in  use.  Instead  of  the  usuil  square  form  commonly 
seen,  they  are  either  circular  or  octagonal  in  shape  ; 
and  the  Teak  bars  of  which  they  are  made  are 
placed  perpendicularly  instead  of  horizontally  :  thsse 
are  kept  apart  by  means  of  small  blocks  of  Teak 
at  the  top  and  bottom,  those  at  the  top  being  a 
little  thicker  than  those  at  the  bottom,  thus  increas- 
ing the  diameter  upwards,  very  much  in  the  way 
of  a  well  made  tub.  All  the  pieces  are  bound 
firmly  together  by  a  wire  passing  through  the  centre 
of  each  piece.  The  superiority  of  these  in  point 
of  form  over  the  heavy  looking  squares  commonly 
used,  is  very  obviou;,  especially  in  the  larger  sized 
basket?. 

Among  the  general  collection  of  plants  in  houses 
apart  from  those  devoted  to  Orchids  were  some 
splendidly  coloured  Crotons  of  the  best  types.  There 
was  also  a  fine  group  of  Nepenthes,  among  which 
was  conspicuous  N.  Mastersii  x  ,  showing  enormously 
large  and  highly  coloured  pitchers.  Adiantum 
WiUiamsii  is  here  grown  in  a  cool-house  instead  of  in 
the  stove  or  intermediate-house,  as  is  often  done. 
The  result  is  most  satisfactory.  The  young  fronds 
show  none  of  that  tendency  to  damp  off  which  has 
operated  against  the  more  general  adoption  of  it  in 
collections  that  its  distinct  character,  elegance  of 
form,  and  pleasing  tint  of  colour  entitle  it  to.  We 
have  never  seen  it  used  in  baskets  till  we  saw  it  here, 
where  it  is  very  successfully  done  in  that  style,  and 
Tery  beautiful  it  is. 


The  Rose  Display  at  the  International 
Exhibition,  Edinburgh. 

The  proposed  Rose  display  that  was  announced  to 
take  place  in  the  Exhibition  buildings,  Edinburgh, 
was,  from  causes  that  need  not  be  commented  upon, 
a  very  poor  affair  as  regards  the  numberi  that  took 
part  in  it.  Only  two  growers  came  forward  with 
collections,  but  as  regards  the  quality  of  the  blooms 
and  the  rich  variety  of  the  most  popular  and  the 
newer  sorts  exhibited,  nothing  was  left  to  be 
desired,  Messrs.  T.  Smith,  nurserymen,  Stran- 
raer, N.B.,  and  Hugh  Dickson,  nurseryman, 
Belmont,  Belfast,  had  the  field  to  themselves,  and 
each  kept  up  a  display  daily  of  from  250  to  350 
blooms  for  about  a  fortnight,  closing  on  Saturday 
list.  The  exhibits  of  both  were  throughout  of  the 
most  creditable  description.  The  Irish  Roses  main- 
tained the  most  unitorm  claims  to  superiority  in 
regard  to  size,  substance,  and  richness  of  colouring 
throughout  the  period  during  which  the  display 
listed,  but  each  exhibit  had  its  own  individual 
merits  ;  for  instance,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  from  Stran- 
raer, eclipsed  completely  those  frjm  Belmont  ;  they 
were,  in  fact,  superb  in  size,  substance,  and  colour, 
proving  it  the  most  desirable  white  Rose  in  culti- 
vation. On  the  other  hand.  Tea  Roses  frjm  Bel- 
mont were  remarkably  well  done  ;  splendid  samples 
of  alba  rosea,  Perle  des  Jardins,  devoniensis,  Madame 
Marie  Van  Houtte,  William  Allan  Richardson, 
Niphetos,  Souvenir  d'Elise,  and  others  being  exhi- 
bited daily  in  perfect  condition. 

In  connection  with  the  above  display  Messrs.  Dick- 
son &  Co.,  Edinburgh,  had  a  continuous  exhibit  of 
Tansies,  Carnations,  their  new  white  Pink  Mrs. 
Welsh,  a  very  clear  while  variety,  with  medium  sized, 
neatly-formed  flowers,  obviously  well  adapted  for 
cutting  and  for  border  decoration  ;  a  grand  display  of 
Dianthus  Napoleon  III.  in  splendid  size  and  colour 
of  bloomi; ;  a  collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  cut 
flower'?,  among  which  were  fine  samples  of  Lilium 
Brownii  (true),  and  L.  llarrisii.  There  were  also 
some  very  fine  blooms,  evidently  from  under  glass,  of 
the  following  Tea  Roses  : — Madame  Lambert,  Jean 
Dacher,  ftLiiame  Camille,  and  Grace  Darling. 

Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Son,  of  Rothesay,  sent  a  good 
display  of  excellent  Pansies  and  other  florist's  flowers 
during  a  few  of  the  earlier  days  of  the  display,  but 
these  were  the  only  contributors  to  what  would 
undoubtedly  have  been  a  most  attractive  feature  to 
thousands  of  vi^itors  to  the  Exhibition  daily  had  there 
been  adequate  encouragement  given  to  induce  a  more 
general  response  to  the  invitations  sent  out  by  the 
executive  of  the  Exhibition  to  growers  to  take  part  in 
the  display.  -V. 

Lilium  IIumbolutii. 
This  magnificent  species  of  Lily  is  now  to  b::  seen 
in  splendid  condition  in  the  nurseries  of  Mr.  Service, 
Maxwelton,  near  Dumfries,  at  the  present  time.  Old 
established  clumps  are  sending  up  stems  7  to  S  feet  in 
height,  bearing  an  average  of  two  dozen  blooms  each. 
A  hardy  plant  of  such  noble  character  as  this  ought  to 
be  more  frequently  seen  in  private  gardens  than  it  is. 
Towering  above  masses  of  dwarf  shrubs  in  orraiiental 
grounds,  its  splendid  panicles  of  light  yellow  flowers 
would  be  most  en"ective  and  pleasing. 


WHAT    IS    A    HYBRID    PER- 
PETUAL ROSE? 

A  VERY  eminent  logician  has  told  us  that  dehni- 
tions  are  dangerous  things,  and  that,  however  care- 
fully made,  they  will  not  always  "goon  all  fours," 
and  therefore  I  feel  that  in  attempdng  to  do  so  wiih 
regird  to  hybrid  perpetuals  I  am  treading  on  diflicult 
and,  it  may  be,  dangerous  ground  ;  indeed,  it  may 
be  perhaps  asked,  "Why  attempt  such  a  thing  at 
all?  We  all  know  what  a  hybrid  perpetual  is."  Do 
we,  indeed  ?  Well,  I  very  much  doubt  it ;  and  there 
are  several  good  reasons  why  we  should  attempt  to 
clear  up  the  matter.  The  name  is  a  misnomer,  the 
French  form,  "  hybrUc  rcmontanle"  being  a  much 
more  correct  one,  and,  I  imagine,  will  give  us  a  better 
chance  of  deciding  the  question  with  which  I  have 
headed  this  paper. 

An  attempt  has  lately  been  made  to  confuse  our 
nomenclature  of  Roses  still  more  by  making  hybrid 
Teas  a  separate  class,  for  it  is  a  class  which  ought  not 
to  have  any  separate  existence,  and  the  National  Rose 
Society  has,  I  think,  done  well  in  discounte- 
nancing   it   b)    deciding  that   all    so-called    hybrid 


Teas  must  be  shown  as  hybrid  perpetuals.  This 
was  but  the  logical  conclusion  from  their  former 
rule,  that  they  could  not  be  shown  amongst  Teas  or 
Noisettes.  I  think  a  moment's  consideration  will  show 
that  this  is  a  wise  decision.  If  we  take  some  Roses 
which  have  always  appeared  in  the  catalogues  as 
hybrid  perpetuals  we  shall  find,  I  think,  that  they 
would  be  as  much  entitled  to  be  called  hybrid  Teas 
as  those  which  arc  specially  so  designated.  Take,  for 
example.  La  France  :  has  not  this  as  much  Tea  blood 
in  it  as  Countess  of  Pembroke  ?— indeed,  M.  Guillot 
has  lately  relegated  it  to  'the  class  of  hybrid  Teas, 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Captain  Christy  ; 
and  if  we  are  to  put  into  the  hybrid  Tea  class 
those  which  have  any  Tea  blood  in  them,  where 
are  we  to  stop  ?  Are  they  to  be  octoroons, 
quadroons,  or  Creoles?  Is  the  first  issue  of  a 
hybrid  and  perpetual  to  be  a  hybrid  Tea  ?  What  is  to 
become  of  their  issue  ?  Or  if  a  Rose  has  originated,  as 
many  of  our  very  best  flowers  have,  by  chance  fertilisa- 
tion, who  is  to  decide,  or  what  is  to  decide  whether 
they  belong  to  hybrid  Teas  or  hybrid  perpetuals  ? 
Another  reason  is  the  very  equivocal  position  that  some 
Roses  have  occupied  ;  at  an  exhibition  last  year  that 
fine  Rose,  Lady  Mary  Filzwilliam,  was  in  a  stand 
for  twenty-four  hybrid  per,jetuals  ;  the  winner  of  the 
2J  prize  objected  to  it  that  it  was  not  a  hybrid  per* 
petual ;  the  stand  was  disquiliiied,  and  the  matter  was 
referred  to  the  committee  of  the  National  Rose 
Society,  but  almost  at  the  time  that  it  was  so  referred 
the  society's  medal  for  the  best  hybrid  perpetual  in 
the  exhibition  had  been  awarded  at  the  provincial 
show  of  the  society  to  the  same  Rose.  The  question 
was  brought  before  the  committee,  which  comprises 
some  of  the  best  rosarians  in  the  kingdom,  and  the 
decision  was,  no  matter  what  its  parentage,  it  could 
not  be  shown  as  a  pure  Tea  or  Noisette,  and  must 
therefore  be  considered  a  hybrid  perpetual. 

But  what  is,  then,  a  hybrid  perpetual  ?  L'.t  us  hear 
what  the  very  best  authority  we  have  had  upon  Roses, 
the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Rivers,  has  said  upon  the  sub- 
ject. The  hybrid  China  Rose  owes  its  origin  'o  the 
China  Tea-scented  Noisette  and  Bourbon  Roses, 
fertilised  with  the  P'rench  Provence  and  other  Roses, 
As  is  well  known  they  bloom  but  once  in  the  season, 
but  he  says  "some  of  these  hybrids,  unlike  many  plants 
of  the  same  description,  bear  seed  freely  ;  these  fertile 
varieties  have  been  crossed  with  different  varieties  of 
China  and  Bourbon  Roses.  From  seed  thus  produced 
we  have  gained  a  new  race  of  autumnal  Roses,  bearing 
abundance  of  llowers  during  the  whole  of  the  sum- 
mer and  autumn,  and  are  called  hybrid  perpetuals; 
their  habit  is  robust  and  vigorous  in  a  remarkable 
degree,  and  above  all  they  are  perfectly  hardy."  How 
wisely,  too,  he  writes  when  he  says,  "Some  author- 
ities divide  them  into  groups  having  afhnities  and 
characteristics.  These  groups  only  tend  to  confuse 
the  amateur.  It  appears  to  me  that  we  cannot 
simplify  enough  the  classification  of  Roses.  The 
division  headed  'hybrid  perpetual  Roses'  ought  to  in- 
clude all  of  this  origin  deserving  the  name ;  and 
those  that  diverge  from  the  general  character  may 
have  their  character  attached  to  them."  So  that  my 
contention  about  hybrid  Teas  has  the  imfiiniatur  of 
this  great  Rose  authority.  I  desire  no  better.  A 
hybrid  perpetual  Rise  is  a  hybrid  whose  second 
growth  more  or  less  frequently  produces  flowers,  and 
hence,  as  these  Roses  make  growth  at  various  times 
after  July,  one  often  obtains  autumnal  blooms.  This 
definition  would  exclude  Gallier's  hybrid  Bourbons 
and  some  Roses  which  have  been  on  their  first  intro- 
duction considered  hybrid  perpetuals  but  which  are 
really  only  summer  Roses,  such  as  Miss  Ingram  and, 
I  am  sorry  to  say,  Her  Mijesty.  I  fear  this  latter 
will  be  a  grievous  disappointment  to  many  who  have 
regarded  it  as  a  grand  addition  to  our  hybrid  per- 
petuals, but  its  raiser  states  that  he  never  announced 
it  as  such,  and  that  he  cannot  help  what  others  have 
done.  In  looking  at  his  own  advertisements,  one  is 
bound  to  say  that  it  is  never  called  a  H.  P.,  although 
it  so  appears  in  those  of  others. 

The  distinction  which  I  have  made  in  my  definition 
of  a  hybrid  perpetual— that  it  more  or  less  frequently 
throws  a  blooming  shoot — will  thus  save  from  exclusion 
from  this  class  some  Roses  which,  if  other  words  were 
substituted,  would  have  to  be  relegated  to  the  summer 
Roses.  Take,  for  instance,  Madame  Gabrielle  Luizet, 
this  has  by  some  been  denied  because,  although 
beautiful  in  itself,  it  never  gives  another  bloom  ;  but 
this  is  not  the  case — it  does,  although  but  sparingly, 
la  looking  through  my  plants  now,  I  see  several 
shoots   on  which  bloom-buds    are   living,   although 


212 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


LAUGUST    14,    1886. 


by  far  the  greater  number  are  not.  There 
are  other  Roses,  however,  whose  claim  to  the 
distinction  is  never  doubted,  which  show  a  sim- 
ilar character ;  there  are,  again,  others  which 
are  almost  certain  to  produce  autumn  flowers,  and,  as 
might  have  been  expected,  those  in  which  there  is  a 
large  infusion  of  Tea  blood  are  the  most  constant  in 
this  respect — that  fine  and  sweetly-scented  Rose,  La 
France,  is  amongst  these,  and  the  manner  in  which 
it  throws  its  clusters  of  blooms  evidences  its  origin. 
Captain  Christy  is  another  of  similar  character ; 
Baronne  Maynard,  and  others  which  approach  to  it, 
such  as  Boule  de  Neige,  exhibit  their  affinity  to  the 
Noisette,  and  are  always  dependable  for  second 
blooms ;  while  that  grand  Rose,  A.  K.  Williams, 
which  some  will  have  to  be  too  perfectly  shaped,  is 
one  of  the  most  certain  of  second  bloomers ;  the  same 
may  be  said  of  Baroness  Rothschild. 

There  is  another  thing  to  be  remarked  about  these 
Roses — that  in  some  seasons  they  are  more  ready  to 
produce  autumn  flowers  than  in  others.  I  have  known 
Charles  Lefebvre  one  year  to  be  very  free  in  its 
second  blooming,  while  another  they  are  very  rare  ; 
it  is  not,  therefore,  wise  to  deprive  oneself  of  the 
pleasure  of  an  autumn  flower  because  at  some  seasons 
it  may  disappoint,  and  especially  is  this  the  case  with 
regard  to  new  Roses,  although  I  very  much  tear  our 
friends  across  the  Channel  are  sending  over  some 
Roses  whose  hybrid  perpetual  character  is  very 
doubtful.  In  some  the  growth  is  so  unmistakable  that 
they  are  immediately  detected,  while  in  the  case  of 
others  a  little  patience  is  required  before  the  matter 
can  be  finally  settled. 

The  definition  I  have  given  would  also  include 
what  may  be  regarded  as  more  purely  distinct  and 
separate  sections— the  Teas,  Noisettes,  and  Bourbons. 
The  former  of  these  deserve  more  thoroughly  than  any 
other  the  name  of  perpetual  bloomers  ;  they  come  out 
before  the  H.  P.'s,  and  they  continue  on  throughout  the 
summer,  and  until  the  heavy  rains  and  early  frosts  of 
autumn  put  an  end  to  their  vigour.  The  Bourbons  are  a 
very  tender  class,  and  with  the  exception  of  that  grand 
autumn  flowering  Rose,  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  are 
but  little  sought  after ;  and  this  I  have  often  seen  both 
catalogued  and  exhibited  as  a  Tea  !  Although  it  has 
no  affinity  with  them,  it  is  certainly  one  of  the  most 
constant  autumn  Roses  we  have,  and  whereas  in  its 
earlier  period  of  blooming  the  flowers  scarcely  ever 
open  properly,  Jhey  usually  do  in  the  autumn.  I 
may  add  that  so  convinced  are  many  people  of  the 
value  of  the  Tea  Rose,  that  they  are  grubbing  the 
hybrid  perpetuals  and  planting  them  instead. 

Let  me  add  one  word  of  thanks  to  "  W.  J.  M." 
about  his  notice  of  Messrs.  Dicksons',  of  Newtownards, 
new  Roses.  I  hope  that  we  may  see  something  of 
them  on  this  side  of  the  Channel  next  year.  Wild 
Rose, 


A    REVISION    OF   THE    GENUS 
PHAL^NOPSIS. 

{Continued  from  p.   170.) 

Enumeration  of  Species. 

Section  I.  Euphal-enopsis.  Benth.  &  Hook,  f.— 
Petals  much  broader  than  sepals,  roundish  in  outline, 
the  upper  edge  much  more  curved  than  the  lower  one, 
and  the  base  much  contracted  ;  lip  with  a  pair  of  an- 
tenna-like appendages  at  the  apex  ;  the  appendages 
sometimes  reduced  to  a  pair  of  short  teeth  ;  column 
without  a  long  proboscis-like  rostellum. 

Eleven  forms  of  this  group  have  received  distinctive 
names,  of  which  ten  are  confined  to  the  Philippines  ; 
the  remaining  one  being  found  in  Java,  Borneo,  Celebes, 
and  the  Moluccas.  It  is  doubtful,  however,  whether 
more  than  six  or  seven  are  really  distinct,  and  of  these, 
three  or  four  are  by  some  considered  as  natural  hybrids. 
P.  Lowii  has  the  broad  petals  of  this  section  (where, 
indeed,  Mr.  Bentham  places  it),  but  the  remarkable 
proboscis-like  rostellum,  the  absence  of  the  apical  lip- 
appendages,  and  the  deciduous  leaves,  are  all  such  dis- 
tinctive characters  as  to  induce  me  to  found  an  entirely 
new  section  for  it. 

I.  P.  amabilis,  Blume,  Bijdr.  p.  294,  t.  44  ;  Rumpkia, 
iv.,  t.  194  and  199  ;  Benn.,  Pl.Jav.,  t.  8. — P.  grandiflora, 
Lindl.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  1848,  p.  39,  fig.  i  ;  Bot.  Mag., 
t.  5184  ;  Rev.  Hort.,  i860,  p.  238,  figs.  53,  54. — Cymbi- 
dium  amabile,  Roxb.,  Fl,  Ind.,  iii.,  p.  457, — Epidendrura 
amabile,  L.,  Sp.  Fl.,  ed,  i.,  p.  593  ;  Sw.  in  Nov.  Act.  Soc. 
Sc.  Upsala,  vi.,  p.  67. — Angraecum  album  majus,  Rumph. 
Herb.  Avib.,  vi.,  p.  99,  t.  43. — This  is  the  original  P. 
amabilis  ;  but  not  the  plant  which  now  bears  that  name 
in  gardens.  It  is  also  the  P.  grandiflora  of  Lindley,  a 
much  more  recent  name.  It  is  found  in  Java,  Borneo, 
and  Celebes  ;  also  in  Amboyna  and  Bum  of  the  Moluc- 


can  Islands  ;  generally  at  low  elevations  and  not  very 
far  from  the  coast.  Fortune  obtained  it  in  China  (his  n. 
58  at  Kew,  and  in  the  British  Museum),  also  Maingay 
in  the  Malayan  peninsula  (his  n.  1643),  but  in  both  these 
places  there  are  strong  reasons  for  believing  it  to  be 
merely  cultivated  for  ornament.  It  is  constantly  dis- 
tinguished from  the  following  species  by  its  long  and 
narrow  lip.  The  longer  leaves  is  also  a  good  distin- 
guishing character.  The  following  varieties  have  been 
described  : — 

Var.  aurea. — P.  grandiflora  var  aurea,  Warner,  Select 
Orck.,  ser.  2,  t.  7. — P.  Ruckeri,  Froc.  Roy.  Hort.  Soc. 
iv,,  p.  97. — Front  half  of  lateral  lobes  of  lip,  with  the 
entire  front  lobe,  including  the  horns,  stained  with  deep 
yellow.     Native  of  Borneo. 

Var.  fiiscata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Bot.  Zeit.,  1862,  p.  214. — 
Lip  suffused  with  a  dusky  tint.     Native  of  Borneo. 

2.  F.  Aphrodite,  Rchb.  f,  in  Otto  Hamb.  Gartenz., 
1862,  p.  -^z^  ;  Xen.  Orch,,  ii.,  p.  6. — P.  amabilis,  Lindl. 
(not  Blume),  Bot.  Reg.,  1838,  t.  34;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  4297  ; 
Maund.  Bot.,  iii.,  t.  133  ;  Faxt.Mag.  of  Bot.,  vii.,  i.  49; 
Fl,  des  Serres,  t.  36  ;  Gard.  Chron.,  1848,  p.  39,  fig.  2  ; 
Orch.  Alb.,  t.  11.— This  is  the  P.  amabilis  of  Lindley, 
and  of  gardens,  but  not  the  original  plant  described  by 
Blume  under  that  name,  which  is  the  P.  grandiflora  of 
gardens.  The  confusion  was  pointed  out  long  ago  by 
Dr.  Reichenbach.  It  is  only  known  from  the  Philippine 
Islands,  and  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  foregoing 
species  by  the  shorter  and  broader  lip,  also  by  the  shorter 
and  broader  leaves.  The  following  have  received  dis- 
tinctive names,  but  seem  to  me  mere  forms  or  varieties  of 
this  species  rather  than  natural  hybrids  :— 

P.  ambigua,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Otto  Hamb.  Garte7iz.,  1862, 
p.  35. — Said  to  have  the  flowers  of  this  and  leaves  of  the 
preceding  species,  and  supposed  to  be  a  hybrid  between 
the  two.  It  seems  to  me  a  mere  state  of  P.  Aphrodite 
with  leaves  somewhat  longer  than  usual,  for  the  supposed 
parents  occupy  distinct  geographical  areas,  and  we  have 
no  evidence  that  a  seedling  Phalsenopsis  had  at  that 
time  flowered  in  gardens. 

P.  casta,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron,,  n.s.,  iii.,  p,  590. 
— Leaves  thinly  spotted  ;  flowers  of  Aphrodite,  with  a 
slight  rosy  tint,  especially  at  base  of  petals,  also  a  few 
spots  at  the  base  of  lateral  sepals.  A  mere  variety,  and 
scarcely  distinguishable. 

P,  leucorrhoda,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  iii., 
p.  301  ;  Fl.  Mag.,  n,s.,  t.  166. — Leaves  blotched  with 
grey  in  irregular  transverse  bands  ;  sepals  and  petals 
flushed  with  rose,  sepals  yellowish  outside  ;  callus  of  lip 
yellow  with  purple  spots. 

P.  leucorrhoda  var.  alba,  Fl.  and  Pomol.,  1883,  p.  42. 
—  Flowers  white  with  purple  spots  on  lip  and  base  of 
lateral  sepals. 

P.  Sanderiana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  xi.x., 
p.  656. — Flowers  suffused  with  rose  ;  lip  variegated  with 
brown,  purple  and  yellow.  Found  in  the  island  of 
Mindanao. 

P.  Sanderiana  var.  marmorata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard, 
Chron.,  n.s.,  xx.,  p.  812.— Flowers  magenta-pink  plush  ; 
sepals  and  petals  yellowish-white  outside. 

3.  F,  Stuartiana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  xvi., 
p.  748,  also  753,  fig.  149 ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  6622  ;  ///.  Hort., 
1884.  t.  540 ;  FL  and  Fomol.,  1882,  p.  49,  t,  559  ;  Kegel, 
Garten/1.,  t.  1130  ;  Orch.  Alb.,  t.  39  ;  Lindcnia,  t,  8. — 
Supposed  to  be  a  natural  hybrid  between  P.  Aphrodite 
and  P.  Schilleriana.  Leaves  transversely  marbled  with 
greyish  brown ;  flowers  white,  except  lower  half  of 
lateral  sepals  and  lip,  which  are  densely  spotted  with 
brownish  or  cinnamon-red.  Native  of  the  Philippines. 
Two  slight  varieties  have  received  distinctive  names. 

Var.  Hriibyana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  xxi., 
p.  372.— Sepals  and  petals  purple  on  back,  with  white 
margins. 

V2S.  piiitctatisnma,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron,,  n.s., 
xvii..  p.  44. — Spots  more  numerous  than  usual,  and 
mauve  in  colour. 

4.  F.  Schilleriana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Otto.  Hamb.  Gartenz., 
i860,  p.  144  ;  Gard.  Chron,,  i860,  p.  216  ;  Boi.  Zeit., 
1861,  p.  383  ;  Xen.  Orch.,  ii.,  t.  loi  ;  Fl,  Mag.,  n.s., 
t.  257  ;  Regel,  Garten/lora,  t.  581  ;  Fl.  des  Serres,  t. 
1559  ;  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  xii.,  p.  301,  fig.  41  ;  Warner, 
Sel.  Orch.,  ser.  3,  t.  5  ;  Jennings,  Orch.,  t.  15. — A 
beautiful  species  with  molded  leaves  and  rose-coloured 
flowers.  Native  of  the  Philippines.  The  following 
varieties  have  been  described  : — 

Var.  major,  Hook,,  Bot,  Mag.,  t.  5530. — Flowers 
large  and  pale. 

Var.  vestalis,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  xvii.,  p, 
330. — Flowers  white. 

Var.  immaculata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s..  iii., 
p.  429. — Flowers  rosy  without  spots.  Side  lobes  of  lip 
white  with  a  violet  margin  and  yellow  callus. 

5.  F.  delicata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  xvii.,  p. 
700. — I  have  not  seen  this,  and  therefore  am  doubtful 
how  to  regard  it,  though  it  can  scarcely  claim  specific 
rank.  Reichenbach  says  the  leaves  and  roots  are  like 
Aphrodite,  though  it  has  neither  the  tendrils  of  that 
species  nor  the  forcipale  teeth  of  intermedia.  I  suspect 
it  will  prove  to  be  a  form  of  Aphrodite,  with  which  the 
sepals  and  petals  are  said  to  agree. 


6.  F.  intermedia,  Lindl.,  in  Faxt.  Fl.  Gard.,  iii.,  p. 
163,  fig.  310. — A  natural  hybrid  between  P.  Aphrodite 
and  P.  rosea,  as  originally  suspected  by  Dr.  Lindley  and 
now  confirmed  by  its  artificial  production  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Messrs.  Veitch.  The  fact  is  a  most 
interesting  one,  as  the  two  are  placed  in  different  sections 
of  the  genus.  Native  of  the  Philippines.  Two  varieties 
have  been  named  : — 

Var.  Brymcriana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron,,  n.s.,  v., 
p.  366;  Fl.  Mag.,  n.s.,  t.  263. — A  richly  coloured 
variety. 

Var.  Fortei,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Bot.  Zeit.,  1863,  p,  128  ; 
Warner,  Sel.  Orch.,  ser.  ii.,  t.  2.— P.  Fortei,  Gard, 
Chron.,  n.s.,  v.,  p.  370,  fig.  72. — Flowers  large,  stained 
with  blush, 

7.  F.  Veitchiana,  Rchb.  f. ,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  1872,  p. 
^3>S  \  ^^-  Maq.,  n.s.,  t.  213. — A  very  rare  plaat,  for  a 
long  time  a  single  individual  only  being  known,  and  this 
in  the  possession  of  the  Messrs.  Veitch.  It  has  been 
surmised  to  be  a  natural  hybrid  between  P.  rosea  and  P. 
Schilleriana.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  somewhat  like 
the  former,  but  larger,  and  rosy-lilac  in  colour.  The 
shape  of  the  lip  is  unique,  it  being  terminated  by  two 
straight  sharp  teeth.     Native  of  the  Philippines. 

Var.  brachyodon,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  xxi., 
p.   270. — Sepals  and  petals  piu-e  white,  lateral  sepals 
with  some  brown  spots  near  base  ;  lip  white,  with  purple 
markings. 
R,  A.  Rolfe^  Herbaritwit  Royal  Gardens^  Ker^o. 

(To  be  continued.') 


THE  INDIGENOUS  VEGETA- 
TION OF  AUSTRALIA,  WITH 
SPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO  THE 
EUCALYPTI.* 

The  indigenous  vegetation  of  Australia  is  evergreen. 
In  England  it  is  deciduous— that  is,  trees  that  annually 
lose  their  leaves. 

The  fresh  green  scenery  of  June  over  the  face  of 
England  is  ever  absent  in  primitive  Australia.  The 
Daisies  and  Buttercups,  Primroses  and  Cowslips  do 
not  deck  her  pasture  lands  ;  neither  do  her  people 
behold  the  Mayflower  hedges  or  view  the  Chestnut 
leaf,  or  the  glossy  dark  copper  foliage  of  the  Beech. 
And  yet  Australian  flowers  are  gay  in  colour,  and  the 
plant  life  is  varied  and  pleasing.  Sundews  and 
Orchids,  wild  Pelargoniums  and  native  Fuchsias,  and 
Heath  blossoms  in  almost  endless  coloured  tints, 
abound  in  many  parts  in  reckless  profusion  ;  these 
and  many  other  flowering  and  foliage  plants  inter- 
mingle their  varied  hues  over  the  surface  of  the  land. 
Along  the  side  of  the  creeks  and  watercourses  may  be 
seen,  during  many  months  of  the  year,  the  Mimosa 
trees  in  full  bloom,  the  tufted  bunches  hanging  like 
golden  balls,  and  perfuming  the  ait  with  the  sweet 
scent  of  the  cassie.  Even  in  the  forests  around  ever- 
green Fern  trees  grow  in  luxuriance  and  beauty  under 
the  shade  of  tall  timber  trees,  where  can  be  seen 
pretty  tiny  flowers  peeping  up  between  the  broken 
pieces  of  the  fallen  shed  bark  from  the  Gum  trees. 
Parrots  and  cockatoos  scream  their  wild  notes,  wrens 
and  robins  and  other  gay-coloured  birds  twitter  about 
the  scene,  and  all  over  reigns  a  bright  sunny  sky. 
These  and  other  tropical  and  subtropical  beauties 
greatly  compensate  for  the  absence  of  England's 
native  flowers. 

But  the  lively  scenery  and  pretty  flowers  of  Aus- 
tralia are  not  so  much  the  object  of  this  paper  as  it  is 
to  give  some  interesting  facts  of  a  peculiar  vegetation 
known  as  the  Eucalyptus,  which  exists  and  reigns 
almost  supreme  over  the  greater  portion  of  Australia 
and  Tasmania,  although  entirely  absent  in  the  other 
islands  of  the  South,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
species  in  New  Guinea.  There  can  scarcely  be  a 
doubt  but  that  at  some  period  of  the  world's  history 
Tasmania  and  New  Guinea  formed  a  part  of  Aus- 
tralia ;  hence  the  Eucalyptus  may  be  considered  as  a 
vegetation  purely  Australian.  Strong  evidences  exist 
proving  that  the  Eucalyptus  is  an  ancient  Australian 
vegetation.  River  beds  of  great  antiquity  have  been 
met  with,  at  depths  varying  from  lOO  to  200  feet,  and 
even  deeper,  in  various  alluvial  gold  mining  districts 
of  Victoria,  revealing  occasionally  massive  timber 
trees  without  any  sign  of  decay,  belonging  to  the 
family  of  the  Eucalyptus,  chiefly  those  of  the  Red 
Gum  (rostrata)  and  the  Ironbark  (Leucoxylon) 
species.  Some  species  growing  at  the  present  day  on 
the  alluvial  flats,  mountainous  ranges,  and  in  the 
valleys,  attain  a  prodigious  size,  both  as  to  girth  and 

*  Lecture  delivered  in  the  Conferenc 
and  Indian  Exhibition.  Monday,  June 
M.P.,  J.  P.,  President  of  the  Royal  Com 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


213 


height,  bespeaking  their  longevity,  possibly  contem- 
poraneous with  the  Cedars  of  Lebanon. 
^The  word  "Eucalyptus,"  from  eu,  "well,"  and 
kalypto,  "  to  cover,"  is  aptly  chosen  to  distinguish  this 
splendid  family  of  plants  from  all  others.  This 
characteristic  is  observable  in  the  limb  of  the  calyx 
completely  covering  the  flower  before  expansion ; 
and  during  its  gradual  development  the  operculum, 
or  lid,  is  uplifted  in  shape  like  an  extinguisher, 
which  falls  ofT  immediately  the  Bower  becomes 
matured.  The  chief  characters  of  all  Eucalypts  are 
in  the  firmness  of  the  calyx,   the  absence  of  petals. 


In  the  vegetable  kingdom  the  Eucalypti  belong  to 
the  Myrtle  family,  so  placed  on  account  of  their  bear- 
ing certain  botanical  outlines  similar  to  those  of  the 
garden  Myrtle  of  England  ;  but  the  physical  charac- 
ters, as  well  as  some  peculiar  botanical  features  of  the 
Eucalypts,  place  them  as  a  distinct  genus  in  the 
Myrtle  family  of  plants.  Considering  the  vast  area 
of  the  Australian  continent,  consisting  of  something 
over  3,000,000  of  square  miles,  and  measuring  2500 
miles  from  west  to  east,  and  2000  miles  from  north  to 
south,  it  is  surprising  to  find  one  tribe  of  trees  form- 
ing at   the   present   day  four-fifths  of  the  whole  of 


Fig.  43.— a,  phal^nopsis  amabilis,  Blume,  =  grandiflora,  Lindky :    b,  phaL/ENOPsis 
APHRODITE  =  AMABILIS,  Lindky,  not  of  Blume.      (see  p.  212) 


the  numerous  rows  of  stamens  inserted  close  to  the 
edge  of  the  calyx  tube,  the  stamens  being  nearly 
always  fertile,  and  also  the  many  form  variations  of 
the  anthers  in  the  dififerent  species.  This  systematic 
arrangement  was  made  by  the  late  venerable  Bentham, 
and  acquiesced  in  by  our  Government  botanist,  Baron 
von  Mueller,  as  being  the  wisest  to  adopt. 

The  Eucalyptus  is  an  evergreen.  It  casts  its  bark 
annually  ;  but  this  does  not  take  place,  like  the  falling 
leaf  of  England,  at  one  given  period  of  the  year,  hence 
there  is  always  a  rough  and  ragged  appearance  on  the 
trunk  of  the  tree.  In  those  pictures  in  the  Victoria 
Court  which  depict  Australian  bush  scenery  this  is  to 
be  noticed,  and  is  not  therefore  the  fault  of  the 
painter,  as  some  persons  have  imagined. 


the  indigenous  vegetation.  An  Australian  traveller 
frequently  feels  the  monotony  of  the  scenery  ;  but 
this  is  greatly  dispelled  by  noticing  the  interesting 
variations  in  the  leaf  formation,  in  the  colour 
both  of  leaf  and  flower,  in  the  appearances  of  the 
tree-bark,  and  in  the  shape  and  varied  stature  of 
the  trees. 

Of  the  150  kinds  or  species  found  existing  over 
Australia,  it  can  easily  be  understood  that  the  varia- 
tions must  be  very  great  indeed. 

On  the  mountains  and  in  the  valleys,  and  on 
alluvial  flats  where  the  woodman's  axe  is  but  seldom 
heard,  stand  gigantic  Eucalyptus  timber  trees,  in 
girth  varying  from  16  feet  to  80  feet,  and  in  height 
from  200  feet  to  420  feet,  and  that  often  without  a 


branch,  the  top  being  capped  with  radiating  branches 
(like  the  ribs  of  an  umbrella)  full  of  foliage. 

On  the  undulating  lands,  although  bearing  many 
Acacias  and  a  variety  of  other  kinds  of  trees,  the  pre- 
vailing feature  is  the  Eucalyptus  ;  no  matter  where 
the  traveller  journeys  this  vegetation  is  generally 
present. 

Throughout  Australia  it  may  be  viewed  as  a  6rm 
friend  to  man  and  beast.  To  the  cattle  depasturing, 
and  to  the  tens  of  thousands  of  sheep  grazing  over  the 
pasture  lands  of  the  country,  it  gives  shelter  from  the 
midday  sun  and  from  dewy  night.  The  wandering 
swagsman,  or  the  travelling  bushman,  reaching  no 
homestead  at  sundown,  finds  rest  under  its  wide- 
spreading  branches,  and  often  shelter  within  some 
patriarchal  Gum  tree,  which,  although  standing  firm 
and  erect,  has  become  through  old  age  hollow  in  the 
centre,  sufficient  to  give  him,  or  even  half-a-dozen 
other  persons,  a  comfortable  rest-house  for  the  night. 
To  many  of  the  early  pioneers  of  Australia  have  these 
trees  given  a  nightly  home,  and  many  a  meal  of 
damper  and  mutton,  and  many  a  pipe  of  peace  have 
been  partaken  inside  their  cavernous  recesses. 

In  the  scant  rain  tracts  of  Australia  there  are  many 
millions  of  acres  on  which  grow  a  scrub  of  dwarf  Euca- 
lypti, averaging  in  height  not  more  than  S  feet ;  this 
scrub  is  so  dense  that  it  almost  shuts  out  the  sight  of 
sun  and  sky.  Once  an  untutored  traveller  loses  the 
track,  and  gets  entangled  but  a  small  distance  in  this 
forest  of  sticks  and  leaves,  the  chances  are  that  he 
never  returns  either  to  kith  or  kin  again.  Many 
persons  travelling  through  this  country  have  died  for 
the  want  of  water,  and  yet  there  is  always  a  supply 
sufficient  to  sustain  life  close  at  hand,  did  they  but 
know  it  ;  for  in  one  kind  of  this  dwarf  vegetation 
there  is  lodged  in  the  stem  about  half  a  pint  of  pure 
water.  As  a  bushman  generally  carries  a  tin  pannikin 
and  a  small  tomahawk,  he  has  nothing  to  do  but  to 
cut  down  one  of  these  stick-like  stems  and  place  the 
lower  end  of  it  into  this  vessel,  when  he  will  in  a 
short  time  obtain  water.  This  strange  tract  of 
country  I  have  traversed  ;  there  is  not  a  sound  of  life 
to  break  the  solemn  silence,  scarce  a  bird  to  be  seen, 
and  not  a  stone  or  a  pebble  to  be  obtained  the  size  of 
a  marble  ;  a  few  dingoes  or  wild  dogs  prowl  about 
here  and  there  at  night.  Native  wells  scattered  far 
apart  over  an  area  extending  some  thousands  of 
square  miles  are  to  be  met  with,  but  they  are  more 
frequently  found  dried  up  than  otherwise  ;  and  yet 
the  soil  in  many  parts  is  well  adapted  for  Wheat 
growing  ;  it  is  a  mixture  of  sand,  decomposed  iron- 
stone and  vegetation,  with  a  substratum  of  limestone. 
Weird  is  the  scene  ;  still  the  vegetation  found  growing 
jungle-like  over  these  lands  contains  health  principles 
both  for  climate  and  for  suffering  humanity. 

The  Government  of  Victoria  is,  I  am  happy  to  say, 
fully  alive  to  the  advantages  of  irrigation.  Only  in 
last  Saturday's  London  papers  appears  a  cable  mes- 
sage from  Melbourne,  stating  that  the  Hon.  Alfred 
Deakin,  Chief  Secretary,  has  introduced  a  Bill  in  the 
House  of  Assembly  providing  for  a  system  of  irriga- 
tion embracing  an  area  of  3,250,000  acres,  to  be 
carried  out  under  the  management  of  the  Water 
Trust,  but  vesting  the  supreme  control  of  the  works 
in  the  Government.  The  system  is  expected  to 
prove  of  immense  benefit  to  farming  interests.  The 
expense  is  estimated  at  ;^3, 800,000. 

It  is  the  Eucalyptus  which  has  given  character  to 
Australia,  both  in  climate  and  in  the  health  and  com- 
fort of  her  people.  From  the  heavily  timbered  Euca- 
lyptus forests  down  to  the  scrub  I  have  just  mentioned, 
every  variety  of  wood  is  obtainable,  whether  it  be  for 
ship  or  house  building,  or  for  docks,  or  bridges,  for 
carriages  or  waggons,  for  land  fencing  or  garden  orna- 
mentation, or  for  fuel,  its  variety  is  unbounded  and 
its  durability  is  in  many  cases  equal  to  its  longevity. 
In  the  several  Australian  courts  the  timber  trophies 
consist  chiefly  of  the  many  species  of  the  Eucalyptus, 
or,  as  they  are  termed  in  Australia,  Gum  trees  ;  an 
examidation  of  these  will  satisfy  any  person  that  I 
have  not  exaggerated  the  timber  value  of  these  trees. 

Although  the  leading  forest  timbers  of  Australia 
consist  of  the  Eucalyptus,  yet  there  are  a  variety  of 
other  kinds.  In  the  Eucalyptus  the  wood  varies  in 
character  quite  as  much  as  do  other  kinds  obtainable 
from  other  timber  trees.  For  instance,  the  well- 
known  Blue  Gum  (E.  globulus)  is  a  hard  light-coloured 
timber  of  great  strength  and  tenacity,  as  well  as 
durability,  extensively  used  for  beams  and  joists  in 
buildings  and  for  railway  sleepers,  also  piers  and 
bridges.  A  comparative  test  has  been  made  between 
some  Blue  Gum,   English  Oak,   and   Indian   Teak, 


214 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[August  14,  18S6. 


The  Blue  Gum  carried  la,  lb.  weight  more  than 
the  Oak,  and  17',  lb.  more  than  the  Teak  per 
square  inch. 

The  Red  Gum  tree  (E.  rostrat.-i)  is  a  very  hard 
compact  wood,  possessing  a  handsome  curled  but 
short  grain,  red  in  colour,  well  ad.ipted  for  many 
purposes  in  ship-buililing,  such  .a;  heavy  framing, 
beams,  and  knees ;  it  is  also  used  in  the  conslvuction 
of  culverts,  bridges,  and  wharves,  and  by  wheelwrights 
for  the  felloes  of  heavy  wheels,  and  is  employed  in 
Australia  for  railway  sleepers  and  engine  bulfers. 
Owing  to  an  acid  it  contains,  turned  "eucalyplic 
acid,"  it  resists  the  attack  of  the  Teredo  navalis,  or 
sea-worm.  The  Ironbaik  Gum  tree  is  >ne  of  the 
hardest  and  heaviest  of  our  native  woods. 

The  Stringy-bark  tree  (E,  obliqua)  is  an  easy 
splitting  wood,  and  is  usually  employed  for  palings, 
shingles,  and  posts.  In  like  manner  do  all  the 
varieties  change.  Many  varieties  of  Tree  Acacias 
are  met  with  in  all  the  forests  of  Australia,  such  as 
the  Myall  and  the  Wattles,  also  Pines,  Banksias, 
Casuarinas,  Pittosporums,  Eugenias,  Melaleucas,  and 
others  too  numerous  to  mention. 

It  is  to  be  deplored  that  just  now  the  country  is 
being  subjected  to  a  wasteful  destruction  of  many 
kinds  of  the  Eucalyptus.  Some  of  the  varieties  in 
various  districts  are  totally  disappearing,  and  without 
some  determined  and  immediate  action  on  the  part  of 
the  Governments  of  Australia,  but  few  decades  will 
pass  before  a  timber  dearth  sets  in. 

The  subject  of  forestry  has  attracted  the  attention  of 
most  countries  of  the  world  ;  even  in  Australia 
botanists,  builders,  contractors  and  legislators  have 
uttered  a  warning  voice.  The  lands  of  Australia  at 
present  are  full  of  the  seed  of  timber  treees  ;  the 
selectors  of  our  lands  knew  this  right  well.  Let 
them  but  neglect  to  cultivate  their  farms  for  a  season 
or  two,  they  find  them  covered  with  a  growth  of 
young  limber  plants  consisting  of  the  Eucalyptus  and 
Acacias  ;  but  tree  seed,  although  covered  with  an 
epicarp  in  order  to  protect  the  germ  from  an  early 
loss  of  life,  yet  cannot  retain  their  power  of  germina- 
tion for  many  years  when  the  lands  are  kept  under 
cultivation.  Vegetation  aids  materially  in  equalising 
the  temperature  and  climate  of  a  country.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  climate  of  Australia,  speak- 
ing in  general  terms,  is  not  so  hot  as  it  was  forty 
years  ago.  The  modificalion  is  prjduced  by  cultiva- 
tion and  the  opening  up  of  lands  which  formerly  were 
covered  with  dense  forests,  tangled  bu.hes,  Ferns, 
climbing  plants,  lichens  and  mosses.  But  the  climate 
of  an  extended  area  like  Australia  cannot  be  dealt 
with  in  one  general  statement.  The  highest  moun- 
tain is  less  than  10,000  feet  high,  and  few  exceed 
6500  feet  in  height.  Majestic  alpine  chains  of  ranges 
stretch  through  many  parts.  The  snow  line  of  Aus- 
tralia is  less  in  altitude  than  most  other  countries, 
arising  probably  from  the  cold  antarctic  winds  receiv- 
ing their  first  break  on  these  bleak  mountain  ranges. 
Atirial,  oceanic  and  terrestrial  magnetic  currents 
produce  many  changes  over  so  vast  a  continent.  The 
rainfall  of  Australia  varies  considerably  in  many 
parts  :  in  the  hill  districts  approximately  it  may  be 
stated  to  be  50  inches  per  annum  ;  in  the  undu- 
lating woodland  districts,  from  30  to  50  inches  ;  on 
the  adjoining  plains  20  inches ;  over  the  wide 
expansive  plains  away  from  mountains  or  hills, 
from  5  to  15  inches;  while  farther  on  into  the 
nterior,  rain  has  been  known  to  be  absent  for 
two  or  three  years  together.  All  these  things  aliect 
climate,  but  there  is  nothing  in  the  physical  features 
of  Australia  to  promote  miasma.  Its  lagoons  and 
swamps  are  not  extensive;  most  of  them  are  dry 
during  the  summer  months  ;  and  even  where  they 
remain  otherwise  there  are  surroundings  of  a  healthy 
character,  especially  the  tan  barks  and  leaves  of  the 
Eucalyptus,  which  (all  in,  obviating  thereby  any  ill 
eflfect. 

The  physical  geography  of  Australia  does  not  differ 
in  its  general  outline  from  that  of  other  countries. 
The  first  Victorian  geologist— now  Professor  Selwyn, 
the  Government  geologist  of  Canada— reported  that  : 
"  In  general  structure,  character,  and  composition  in 
geological  sequence,  and  in  physical  and  palaeonto- 
iogical  relations,  the  ock  formations  are  in  all 
respects  analogous  to  those  of  other  regions."  But 
there  is  a  factor  at  wo'k  throughout  Australia  which 
makes  the  climate  so  acceptable  to  human  life,  and 
that  is  the  the  Eucalyptus  vegetation,  belonging,  as  I 
have  before  intimated,  tc  the  Myrtle  family  of  plants. 
It  is  full  of  aromatising  odours.  The  sense  of  smell 
when  in  our  forests,  or  even  ravelling  in  the  country, 


bears  ample  testimony  to  the  presence  of  its  volatile 
bodies  in  the  air,  for  there  is  no  mistaking  the  odour, 
as  it  is  different  from  all  others.  There  is  not  a 
single  species  but  what  possesses  in  its  leaves  a 
volatile  essence  ;  each  kind  varies  in  percentage  of 
yield  ;  but  still  of  the  vast  number  they  can  be 
reduced  for  practical  illustration  under  eight  types, 
or  species,  namely  :  — 

The  Viminalis,  or  Manna  yielding  Eucalyptus. 

The  OJorata,  or  sweet  smelling. 

The  Rostrata,  or  Red  Gum  tree. 

The  Obliqui,  or  Stringy-bark. 

The  Leucoxylon,  or  Iron-bark. 

The  Globulus,  or  ISlue  Gum. 

The  Dumosa,  or  Mallee. 

The  Amygdalir.a,  or  peppermint-scented  Eucalyp- 
tus. 

The  eight  kinds  I  have  mentioned  supply  the  mini- 
mum to  the  maximum  ;  the  minimum  yielding  seven 
fluid  ounces  of  the  volatile  essence,  and  the  maximum 
500  fluid  ounces,  or  twenty-five  imperial  pints  from 
every  1000  pounds  weight  of  fresh  leaves.  Xo  vege- 
tation occupying  so  vast  a  country  contains  so  much 
volatile  odour  in  its  leaf  portion  as  the  Eucalyptus. 
Assessing  alone  the  whole  colony  of  Victoria  (being 
that  part  of  Australia  in  which  most  of  my  experi- 
ments were  made)  at  the  low  average  of  supply  of 
20  ounces,  or  one  pint  to  the  acre,  we  have  9,730,500 
gallons  of  an  essential  and  volatile  substance  held 
at  one  and  the  same  time  in  the  Eucalyptus  vege- 
tation. 

So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  proceed  in  this  inves- 
tigation over  the  continent  of  Australia,  similar  con- 
ditions exist  ;  so  that  it  may  be  safely  asserted  that 
in  the  whole  of  the  leaf  surface  of  the  Eucalypts  in 
Australia  there  is  continually  96,877,440,000  gallons 
of  this  volatile  material.  If,  therefore,  the  whole  of 
the  odorous  principles  were  retained  in  the  leaves 
until  set  free  by  the  art  of  man,  in  that  case  its  eff.:ct 
on  climate  would  fail  ;  but  if  they  are  given  up  freely 
by  the  ra'uial  forces  of  the  tree  under  the  aid  of  light, 
heat,  or  electricity  as  existing  around,  or  by  some  or 
all  of  these  forces  in  combination,  then  we  have  good 
reason  t)  value  the  Eucalyptus  vegetation  beyond  all 
others  in  being  capable  of  influencing  the  climate  of  a 
country  for  purposes  of  health.  Leaves  of  trees  ne- 
cessarily are  in  close  connection  with  the  roots  ; 
together  they  keep  up  a  continuous  action  of  exhala- 
tion and  replenishment.  Evergreen  trees,  especially 
the  Eucalyptus,  unlike  deciduous  trees  which  sleep 
during  many  months  of  the  year,  work  constantly, 
though  at  times  less  energetically.  Deciduous  leaves 
generally  perform  their  functions  on  one  side  only, 
that  is,  they  change  the  sap  juices  of  the  plant  on  the 
side  turned  upward  to  the  sun  ;  but  in  the  case  of  the 
Eucalyftasit  is  quite  diffjrent,  these  have  a  double 
action.  There  is  no  diflference  in  the  anatomy  of 
the  two  sides  of  the  leaf ;  breathing  pores 
abound  on  each  side,  and  the  cells  containing 
the  vo'atile  oil  run  through  the  leaf.  Theie 
oil  cells  in  most  cases  are  visible  to  the  naked  eye, 
and  can  be  counted  in  hundred;.  Light  and  warmth 
operate  alike  on  both  sides  of  the  leaf;  each  being 
suspended  in  a  line  with  the  axis  of  the  tree,  giving 
facility  for  the  remarkable  and  interesting  movement 
of  the  petiole  or  leafstalk,  which  is  continuous  in  its 
action  under  the  warm  currents  of  the  air,  or  the 
direct  rays  of  the  sun,  keeping  one  side  of  the  leafs 
surface  to  face  the  sun  or  the  warm  air  current,  and 
so  establishing  perpetual  leaf  operation.  Now  it  is 
by  the  natural  forces  of  the  tree  and  the  leaf  action 
acting  in  unison  that  the  watery  and  odorous  bodies 
are  continually  set  free  in  the  air,  and  in  such  minute 
and  diffusive  atoms  that  they  may  be  expressed  as  the 
fragrant  breath  of  the  tree,  requiring  as  it  does 
thousands  of  its  compound  particles  to  form  a  single 
drop.  Under  such  circumstances  these  odoious  bodies 
speedily  change  their  molecular  condition,  and  supoly 
to  the  atmosphere  an  extra  amount  of  active  oxygen  ; 
it  is  this  unceasing  health  factor  throughout  Australia 
which  makes  its  climate,  on  the  whole,  the  finest  in 
the  world. 


OliSERVATIONS   ON  THE  THERMAL  CONSTANT  OF 

Vegetation. — Prof.  H.  Hoffmann,  communicating 
the  result  of  the  most  recent  observations  on  the 
thermal  constant  of  vegetation,  compares  the  figures 
for  a  number  of  plants  for  Upsala  and  Giessen,  and 
concludes  that  the  results  agree  quite  as  closely  as 
can  be  expected,  showing  that  there  is  no  change  in 
the  constant  depending  on  latitude  or  climate. 
(A  M.  Z.,  i.,  p.  407) 


]40ME     -pOF^FiEgPONDENCE. 


Potato  Species. — I  am  very  pleased  to  find  it  is 
now  admitted  that  Solanum  Maglia  is  the  true  S. 
tuberosum  or  parent  of  our  carden  Potato.  When  I 
saw  S.  Maglia  (growing  at  Mr.  Kenn's  place  last  year 
I  felt  then  that  it  must  have  been  the  progenitor  of 
out  Putatos  ;  and  it  is  remarkable  how  little,  com- 
paratively, so  far  as  top  growth  is  concerned,  its 
progeny  has  deviated  from  it.  It  is  true  we  have 
dwarf  kinds  and  tall  kinds,  and  much  variation  in 
leafage,  but  still,  through  all  the  type  remains  the 
same.  Specially  is  it  so  in  the  features  to  which  you 
refer,  viz.,  Ilowers  and  calyx-sheaths.  I  have  examined 
myriads  of  flowers  not  merely  of  named  varieties  but 
also  of  seedlings,  and  have  found  variations  in  length 
of  the  calyx-lobes,  some  being  quite  half  an  inch  long, 
and  very  much  reflexed  ;  others  are,  perhaps,  not  half 
so  long,  and  very  diminutive,  but  still  all  are  pointed, 
not  a  single  obtuse  one  being  fijund.  A  pleasing 
study  might  be  made  of  the  variations  in  colour  found 
in  flowers,  and  really  many  are  beautiful,  but  colour 
of  bloom  gives  no  indication  of  the  colour  of  the 
tubers  beneath  ;  even  seedlings  which  have  lops 
almost  black  in  colour  have  flowers  of  the  whitest. 
For  a  long  time  yet  the  Potato  will  afford  interesting 
study.  A.  D. 

Temperature,  Vegetation,  &c.,  in  the  Botanic 
Garden,  Glasgow,  for  June  and  July,  1886. — 
The  lowest  temperature  registered  during  the  moalh 
of  June  was  36"  during  the  nights  of  the  22i  and  26  h 
respectively.  The  highest  day  temperatures  in  the 
shade  was  72"  on  the  iS.h,  and  73'  on  the  19  h,  2o;h, 
29'.h,  and  30  h.  On  the  same  dates  the  tempeniure 
in  the  sun  varied  from  loo'  to  107".  Collectively 
the  maximum  and  minimum  temperatures  correspond 
closely  with  those  recorded  for  June  last  year.  O.i 
the  whole  the  weather  has  been  cold  and  dry.  Vege- 
tation is  suffering  much  for  want  of  rain,  g:o*th 
being  stunted,  and  many  plants  forced  to  bloom  pre- 
miturely.  Hardy  trees  and  shrubs  have  not  bloomed 
well  this  year,  which  is  attributable  to  the  unfavourable 
autumn  of  last  year.  During  the  month  of  July  the 
weather  has  been  variable,  and  often  very  cold  for 
the  season.  The  highest  day  temperature  in  the 
shade  was  75",  on  the  1st  and  2d.  and  71°  on  the 
ist,  3i,  and  2l3t  respectively.  The  lowest  day 
reading  was  58",  on  the  29th.  Daring  the  nights  of 
the  26th  and  27Lh  the  mercury  fell  to  38^  and  37^  the 
thermometer  at  the  time  being  sheltered  by  the  foliage 
of  large  trees.  A  few  m-les  east  (rom  here  the 
freez  ng  point  was  touched,  single  Dahlias  being 
perceptibly  alTected.  Although  rain  has  fallen  fre- 
quently since  the  eavly  part  of  the  month,  the  showers 
have  been  ligh%  especially  so  compared  with  the 
rainfall  in  miny  parts  of  the  country.  Such  weather 
has  b;en  conducive  to  the  growth  of  both  hardy  and 
half-hardy  plants  ;  the  blooming  properties  of  t^e 
latter  having  been  well  developed  during  the  hot,  diy 
days  which  prevailed  at  the  end  of  last  and  early  part 
of  the  present  month,  a  fine  display  has  bsen  ihe 
result.  Owing  to  want  of  the  sinews  of  war  few 
annuals  have  b^en  sown  this  year,  and  those  o(  the 
commonest  kinds  ;  both  these  an!  many  hardy  her- 
baceous  plants  are  from  two  to  three  weeks  later  in 
bloDm  than  usual.  R.  BiiUcn^  Curator, 

Corydalis  lutea. —  Daring  such  a  trying  hot 
season  as  was  recently  experienced  here  there  was  an 
opportunity  to  observe  any  species  of  plants  which 
root  too  superficially,  or  are  too  fragile  to  withstand 
the  severe  lest  of  extreme  aridity  and  bright  sunny 
weather.  Anyhardyplant  beingafittingsubject  for  her- 
baceous borders  which  will  withstand  these  conditions 
of  plant-life  and  still  keep  on  blooming  and  remain  in 
perfect  health,  must  therefore  be  invaluable.  I  wrile 
least  of  all  for  expensively  prepared,  mulched,  and 
watered  borders,  but  rather  for  the  many  who  can 
give  only  ordinary  attention,  and  who  are  by  fir  the 
more  numerous.  No  ordinary  herbaceous  border 
should  be  without  an  admixture  of  Fumewort>,  and 
our  native  yellow  variety  more  especially.  Corydalis 
lutea,  with  glaucous  foliage,  resembling  a  Maidenhair, 
will  grow  upon  the  top  or  sides  of  walls,  and  it  never 
seem,  to  suffer  in  any  position,  growing  grandly  in 
deep  rich  soil,  and  has  a  longevity  second  to  non^. 
William  Eai-lcy, 

Bees.— The  recent  exhibition  at  South  Kensington 
by  the  British  Beekeepers'  Association,  apart  from 
its  many  other  interesting  and  useful  aspects,  claimed 
some  little  notice  at  the  hands  of  horticulturists.  A 
little  interest  was  imparted  to  the  show  by  a  display  of 
bee  flowers  arranged  amongst  the  exhibits,  such,  for 
instance,  as  Lavender,  Solidago  (Golden  \\^<i)^ 
Veronica,  Honeysuckles  {very  appropriately  named), 
Clover,  Hyssop,  iSic.  Doubtless  there  were  no 
ceslhetic  exhibitors,  or  examples  of  the  Sunflower— a 
favourite  with  the  bees — would  have  been  exhibited. 
Those  learned  in  bee  fiowers   might  at  convenience 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


215 


contribute  to  your  columns,  with  the  Editor's  permis- 
sion, a  complete  list  of  those  favoured  by  this  extra- 
ordinary tribe  ;  a  further  degree  of  interest  would 
attach  to  such  by  its  being  noted  where  this  has  been 
observed,  the  colours  of  the  flowers  that  are  most 
visited,  this,  doubtless,  playing  an  important  part  in 
"  improving  the  shining  hour."  B. 

Centaurea  macrocepbala  (see  p.  16S,  in  last 
issue). — To  use  an  Hibernicism,  you  have  anticipated 
the  precurrent.  I  have  had  served  at  table  east  of 
Marseilles,  several  times,  the  above  in  place  of  Cynara 
scolymus.     The  change  is  not  desirable.  S.  A. 

A  Giant  Fungus. —I  have  sent  you  a  fungus 
which  I  found  growing  in  the  garden  this  morning. 
Being  one  of  the  largest  I  have  seen,  I  thought  it 
would  be  worth  sending.  You  perhaps  have  seen 
larger  specimens.  fK  Byron^  Thorpe  Lee  Garden, 
Eghani,  Surrey.  [The  fungus  is  the  Gi.mt  Puffuall 
(Lycoperdon  giganteum).  It  developes  with  extreme 
rapidity,  and  is  peifecily  wholesome  if  eaten  whilst 
still  snow-white.  It  should  be  cut  in  slices  and  tried, 
when  it  will  be  found  to  be  delicious  ;  care  must, 
however,  be  taken  to  eat  it  only  so  long  as  it  is  snow- 
nhite.  Ed.] 

Pea  Telephone. — I  am  sadly  disappointed  in 
this  Pea  ;  many  of  the  blossoms  shrivelled  up  and 
never  developed  into  pods,  and  the  haulm  curled  up 
and  did  not  grow,  both  of  which  may  have  been 
owing  to  the  great  heat  we  had  in  July  ;  but  that  is  a 
serious  objection  if  such  is  the  case.  Fur  beside  it, 
under  the  same  conditions,  Dickson's  Favourite,  Hun- 
tingdonia  and  Champion  of  England  have  all  done 
splendidly,  while  Ne  Plus  Ului  is  all  that  can  be 
desired  and  generally  holds  out  till  the  end  of  October. 
Many  of  the  new  Peas  are  admirably  adapted  for  the 
exhibition  tent,  but  my  advice  to  beginners  is,  prove 
them  by  the  side  of  older  varieties  before  you  go  in 
for  them  exclusively,   y.  Riisl,  Eridiie  Castle. 

On  the  Origin  of  the  Pink.— For  the  informa- 
tion of  "  R.  D."  and  others,  I  may  say  that 
the  first  Pink  worthy  of  notice  was  raistd  in 
the  year  1772  by  Mr.  James  Major,  who  was 
then  gardener  to  the  Du:hess  of  Lancaster,  pre- 
vious to  which  there  were  but  four  soris,  and 
those  of  very  little  note,  being  cultivated  only  for 
common  border  flowers.  This  variety  was  sent  out 
the  ensuing  year  to  the  public  under  the  name  Major's 
Duchess  of  Lancaster,  at  10/.  6./.  per  pair,  the  orders 
for  which  amounted  to  the  sum  of  ^So.  O.-.e  order 
to  a  single  individual  of  forty  pairs  was  delivered  at 
the  above  price.  Lady  .Soverdale,  referred  to  by 
"  R.  D. ",  was  a  seedling  from  Duchess  of  Lancaster. 
Mr.  Major  lived  many  years  in  the  parish  of  Lewis- 
ham,  Kent,  and  died  on  March  18.  1S31,  at  the 
advanced  age  ol  ninety-four  years.  A^orth  Ao/foU;. 

The  Potato  Crop  in  the  South  of  Ireland. 
— This  is  still— some  siy  "  unfortunately  "—one  of 
the  staple  crops  in  this  country,  and  though  the  pro- 
duce may  be  generally  less  than  last  year,  on  the 
whole  at  present  it  promises  fairly  well.  The  prospect 
at  the  end  of  June,  except  in  recliimed  peaty  or  moory 
land,  which  always  retains  sufficient  moisture,  was  by  no 
means  reassuring.  I  always  manage  to  have  some  fi; 
to  use  on  a  warm  southern  border  about  June  12, 
giving  the  preference  for  quality  to  Myalt's  .\shleaf 
and  Carter's  First  Crop.  If  I  were  a  market  gar- 
dener, and  quantity  and  size  were  the  olijecis  in 
view,  I  should  sow,  first.  Beauty  of  Hebron,  then 
Early  Rose  (a  week  earlier),  then  Vicar  of  Laleham — 
heavy  cropper  ;  and  lastly,  The  Flounder.  This  last 
is  seemingly  not  yet  Anglicised,  as  I  never  see  it 
referred  to  in  any  list  that  comes  under  my  notice, 
but  it  is  largely  grown  in  three-fourths  of  Ireland. 
It  is  very  early,  and  gives  a  heavy  return  in  rich  deep 
loams,  and  in  a  season  such  as  this,  when  the  crop  is 
wholly  disposed  of  before  blight  appears,  should  be 
most  profitable.  We  still  grow  it  largely,  and  though 
most  liable  to  it,  is  still  free  from  disease — a  subject  of 
vital  importance  to  this  country,  and  on  which  I  shall 
say  a  word  before  concluding.  I  have  had  two  varieties 
for  the  first  time  this  season — "  Cetewayo,"  one  of  the 
blackest  kidneys  in  commerce.  The  flesh  when 
cooked  is  purple,  and  except  being  of  an  irregular 
kidney  shape,  reminded  me  of  the  old  Skerry  Blue  I 
used  to  grow  when  I  had  charge  of  Potato  experi- 
ments at  the  Government  Farming  Institute  at  Glas- 
nevin  a  quarter  of  a  century  since.  It  is  likely  to  be 
largely  grown  as  a  curiosity.  The  other,  appropri- 
priately  named  the  V^illage  Blacksmith,  is  a  dis- 
tinct addition  to  the  dark-skinned  and  white- fleshed 
round  class.  The  skin  is  netted,  but  not  so  as  to 
produce  much  waste,  while  the  flavour  is  most 
desirable.  Both  ripened  early,  perhaps  prematurely, 
owing  to  June  bciag  unusually  dry  and  warm  here. 
What  has  become  of  that  fine  garden  variety.  Extra 
Early  Vermont  ?  This  season  should  suit  it  admirably. 
But  some  one  may  be  disposed  to  widen  the  query,  and 
ask,  What  becomes,  in  a  short  time,  of  all  the  American 
introduced  varieties  ?  Evidently,  coming  from  a  warmer 


and  drier  climate,  they  rapidly  degenerate  and  become 
deficient  in  quality— then  pass  out  of  cultivation  ;  the 
Peronospora  aiding  their  exit.  At  the  time  referred 
to  I  had  the  carrying  out  o(  some  Potato  experiments 
at  Glasnevin,  by  direciion  of  Prince  Albert,  who 
visited  there,  and  of  thirty  American  varieties,  many 
of  them  then  well  known,  not  one  is  now  in  common 
use.  Evidently  the  proper  course  is  to  raise  new 
varieties  that  can  be  tested  before  going  into  com- 
merce at  home.  This  seems  to  be  the  view  taken  by 
the  Commissioners  of  National  Education  in  Ireland 
when  offering  prizes  to  their  teachers  last  year 
amounting  to  ,Jioo,  and  which  were  referred  to  at 
length  in  the  Gardeiicis'  Chronicle  last  autumn. 
Whether  judging  by  appearances  will  determine  also 
quality  remains  to  be  seen.  My  field  Potatos  are 
principally  Magnum  B  mums  and  Champions,  with 
smaller  quantities  of  Heros,  Scottish  Queen,  Adiron- 
dack, Kemp's,  and  a  Potato  that  should  be  better 
known  in  this  country.  Cosmopolitan.  Fortunately  I 
had  them  pubbed  and  moulded  before  the  drought  set 
in,  otherwise  they  would  be  much  smaller  than  they 
promise  to  be.  Never  at  this  time  ol  the  year  I  am 
satisfied  did  the  general  crop  look  more  promising. 
The  drought  in  the  South  of  England  being  much 
more  prolonged  thanhere.theysutfered  much  more  than 
we  did.  Great  blessing  and  boon  as  the  Champion 
has  been  to  Ireland,  tliere  is  no  denying  it  is  slo*ly 
degenerating.  Some  imported,  as  I  did,  several  tons 
from  J'orfarshire,  and  they  are  by  no  means  so  robust 
as,  say,  four  or  five  years  since,  and  this  is  general. 
From  being  3  feet  high,  the  stalks  are  not  now 
half  that,  and  so  on.  There  is,  however,  one 
subject  of  general  congratulation,  that  I  am  sure  you 
will  be  pleased  to  hear— there  is  no  Potato  disease  in 
Ireland  so  far,  and  this  means  millions  on  the  creditor 
side,  and,  more  than  that,  it  means  plenty  to  the 
Irish  peasant  — for  all  — for  human  beings,  the  farm 
animals  if  necessary,  pigs,  fowls— everything  ;  much 
more  than  you  can  realise  in  England.  I  have  seen 
the  Potato  crop  ruined  by  disease.  We  are  now  a 
month  later  than  when  I  first  wrote,  and  the  fibre  of 
the  haulm  is  so  matured  it  can  do  no  harm  even  if 
it  comes.    W.  J.  Murphy,  Chnmel. 

Tomato  Sutton's  Main  Crop.- This  variety, 
with  very  strong,  greyish-green  foliage,  is  an  immense 
cropper  out-of-doors.  The  fruits  are  almost  smooth, 
and  globular  in  shape,  of  great  solidity,  and  a  rich 
scarlet  colour.  It  ripens  readily  in  the  open  quarter. 
IM. 

Spiranthes  Romanzoviana  is  now  well  in 
flower,  thanks  to  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Gumbleton, 
who  last  season  kindly  forwarded  me  living  specimens 
of  this  rare  and  interesting  native  Orchif.  Save  in 
one  or  two  stations  in  the  County  Cork  this  plant 
has,  so  far  as  is  at  present  known,  been  (ound 
wild  in  no  other  part  of  Europe,  its  nearest  stations 
being  a  few  of  the  cold  upland  bogs  of  North  America. 
I  have  been  always  puzzled  how  to  reconcile  home 
drawings  of  this  Orchid  with  those  sent  me  from 
America,  the  two  plants  appearing  as  diverse  in 
foliage  and  flower  arrangement  as  might  well  be. 
Now,  howevtr,  that  the  genuine  Cork  specimens  are 
in  full  flower  I  must  admit  that  the  American  draw- 
ings ate  infinitely  more  correct— at  least,  represent 
the  plant  as  I  now  have  it — than  those  executed  in 
this  countiy.  The  creamy-white,  sweetly  scented 
(Vi.ilei)  flowers  are  spirally  arraoged  in  three  rows, 
with  the  sepals  and  petals  forminr  a  close  hood  over 
the  lip.  It  is  known  as  S.  Hibfrnica  in  the  South 
of  Ireland.  ./.  D.  IVehler. 

Rose  Prince  Arthur.— This  Rose,  which  was 
sent  out  without  any  ostentation  by  the  Cranston  Nur- 
sery Co.,  has  been  blooming  ii  very  vigorous  style 
in  the  same  nurseries.  The  cobur  is  a  glowing  dark 
crimson,  and  the  form  in  every  stage  good,  notwith- 
standing the  looseness  of  the  mter  petal?.  A  Rose 
which  is  truly  perpetual  in  blooming  like  this,  and  is 
at  the  same  time  so  attractive,  o^ght  not  to  be  missing 
from  the  gardens  ol  your  readers  //  J^jahni/o. 

Annuals. — Why  do  not  gardiners  more  commonly 
grow  Erysimum  Peroffskianum  is  a  yellow  flowering 
pl.ant  for  groups  in  the  border  and  for  small  beds  ? 
The  colour  is  a  pure  lemon-yellow,  the  flowers  re- 
sembling at  a  distance  those  0/  the  Wallflower.  It 
grows  readily,  and  only  dislike^  shade.  Eschschollzia 
Rose  Cardinal,  is  another  piettj  annual,  better  than 
Mandarin,  which  has  not  madelts  way  in  gardens  as 
was  predicted  of  it.  Helianthis  miniatus  is  a  fine 
dwarf  miniature  Sunflower,  of  i  very  free  flowering 
habit  and  of  the  easiest  cullure.  It  blooms  all 
through  the  summer  and  autimn  till  cut  down  by 
frost.  Nasturtium  Cloth  of  GoH,  is  a  dwarf  variety 
that  does  not  flower  well,  but  isdesirable  for  its  pale 
yellow  foliage,  its  height  is  \l  foot.  Tropsolum 
pheum  ;  is  a  charming  variety,  a  climbing  habit,  with 
flowers  of  sulphur-yellow  and  li^t  rose.    Visilor. 

Epipactis  ovalis.  —  This  dwarf-growing  early 
flowering   llelleborine   has   nev*   bloomed    so  well 


under  cultivation  as  this  season.  The  flowers  are 
pinky-purple,  in  a  short  raceme,  and  produced  about 
a  month  before  the  broad-leaved  form— E.  latifolia. 
By  some  botanists  this  plant  is  reckoned  as  but  a 
form  of  E.  latifolia,  but  the  organs  of  fertilisation  are 
widely  dilferent,  the  method  of  increase  different,  too, 
and  the  time  of  flowering  and  height  of  the  plants 
more  different  still.  A.  D.  IV. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL  :    August    10. 

iJtJiTE  an  extensive  show  of  fljwering  plants  and 
cut  flowers  were  exhibited  on  this  occasion  at  South 
Kensington.  Foremost  amongst  the  olijects  shown 
which  deserve  notice  were  Roses,  cut  blooms,  of 
Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt  ;  and  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross ;  the  Gladioli  from 
Messrs.  Kelway  &  San,  and  the  fine  display  of  hardy 
flowers  shown  by  Mr.  Ware,  Tottenham.  Fuchsias, 
Begonias,  Asters,  &c.,  were  shown  for  competition, 
as  were  also  vegetables  in  collections.  Of  the  first- 
named  (Fuchsias),  noihing  good  may  be  said,  worse 
examples  having  rarely  appeared  at  these  shows, 
whereas  the  Begonias  were  noticeable  for  their  excel- 
lence. The  Aster  competition  was  poorly  responded 
to,  and  but  very  few  good  examples  were  observed, 
A  group  of  Orchids  and  a  few  novelties  gave  additional 
interest  to  the  meeting. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present  :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  in  the  chair  ; 
Messrs.  J.  Laing,  H.  Cannell,  Shirley  Ilibbcrd,  H. 
Herbst,  J.  Douglas,  H.  Ballantyne,  C.  Noble,  T. 
Dominy,  H.  M.  Pollelt,  J.  O'Brien,  A.  J.  Lendy,  E. 
Hill,  H.  Turner,  W.  Holmes,  J.  Walker,  Amos  Perry, 
and  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters. 

Co.Mi'ETiNG  Classes. 

Six  Fuchsias,  distinct.— The  rst  prize  fell  to  Mr.  J. 
Buss,  gr.  to  A.  S.  Price.  Esq  ,  Parkside,  Ewell,  the 
plants  being  under  3  feet  in  height,  healthy,  and  full  of 
tloiver;  2d,  H.  W.  -Segatsch,  Esq.,  Elfindale  Lodge, 
Heme  Hill,  mostly  sland.irds,  aged,  and  not  orna- 
mnetal  in  a  high  degree  ;  3d,  Mr.  E.  Cook,  26,  Queens- 
bury  Mews  East,  South  Kensington,  the  plants  ranging 
from  2  feet  to  6  feet  in  height. 

Twelve  quilled  .\sters.— rst,  Mrs.  Gibson,  Saffron 
W.alden  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Archer),  with  blooms  pretty  as  to 
colour,  regular  in  form,  and  in  sufficient  variety  ;  2d, 
Msjor  Scoit,  Wray  Park,  Reigate  (gr.,  Mr.  J,  Morgan), 
with  smaller  flowers  ;  3d.  A.  b.  Price,  Esq. 

Twelve  Paiony-flowered  Asters.— In  this  class  A.  S. 
Price,  Esq.,  took  the  lead,  with  nice  flowers,  well 
varied  ;  2d,  Major  Scott  ;  3d,  J.  Rain,  Esq.,  Nightingale 
Lane,  Balham  (i>r.,  Mr.  W.  Clark). 

Group  of  Tuberous  Begonias.— In  this  class  Messrs. 
J.  Laing  &  Co.  were  the  only  exhibitors,  a  splendid  bank 
of  plants  in  flower  being  staged  by  them,  that  was  com- 
posed of  plants  of  a  large  size,  covered  with  enormous 
blooms,  and  chiefly  of  shades  of  scarlet,  the  few  plants 
with  yellow  flowers  of  various  tints  distributed  at  intervals 
showing  well  by  contrast.  Some  of  the  double-flowered 
section,  presumably  from  the  open  ground,  resembled  in 
their  doubleness  Turban  Raunculuses. 

Nine  Begonias,  tuberous,  distinct.— Of  these  there 
were  six  lots  exhibited,  well  flowered  and  grown,  the 
prizes  going,  irrespective  of  size,  to  the  newest  varieties, 
ist.  Sir  E.  Saunders.  Kairlawn,  Wimbledon  Common, 
the  plants  bearing  very  large  flowers,  and  comorised 
shades  of  scarlet,  cerise,  &c. ;  2d,  W.  N.  Cheesman,  The 
Hall.  Dulwich— bushy  plants,  furnished  well  with  flowers 
and  foliage;  3d.  H.  Little,  Esq.,  The  Barons,  Twicken- 
hamjgr.,  Mr.  Hill)— nice  plants  of  Messrs.  Laings  strain. 
Nine  Gloxinias,  distinct. — The  rst  prize  was  taken  by 
H.  W.  Segatsch.  Esq.,  with  plants  showing  good  and 
bad  forms  of  foliage  and  flowers,  but  fairly  well  bloomed  ; 
the  2d  and  3d  were  taken  by  Mr,  C.  J.  Waite,  Glenhurst. 
Esher,  and  by  W.  N.  Cheesman,  Esq. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  showed  an  ad- 
mirable collection  of  Roses,  consisting  of  twelve  baskets 
of  cut  blooms  of  Teas,  and  fifteen  boxes  of  H.P.,  the 
individual  blooms  being  generally  as  perfect  and  as  fresh 
as  those  shown  earlier  in  the  season,  especially  attractive 
being  the  following  varieties  of  Teas :— Perledesjardins, 
Homer,  Madame  de  Watteville,  Etendard  de  Jeanne 
d'Arc,  Marie  Van  Houtte.  A  Silver-gilt  Medal  was 
awarded. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt, 
showed  a  collection  of  fourteen  boxes  of  Roses,  as  fresh 
and  charming  as  could  be  desired  ;  besides  these,  were 
numerous  hardy  flowers  shown  in  the  cut  state,  consist- 
ing largely  of  Phloxes,  Potentillas,  Erythroniums,  and 
other  Composites.  A  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  was 
awarded. 

Messrs.  Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co.,  Paris,  exhibited  col- 
lections  of  blooms  of  Zinnias,  Petunias,  Liliputian  Asters, 
and  Balsams  :  foremost  for  novel  colouring  amongst  the 
first-named,  a  dwarf  strain  was  shown,  flaked  and  some- 
times marked  in  sections,  resembling  in  this  way  sported 
Carnations.  The  markings  are  remarkable,  and  are  said 
to  be  pretty  constant.  A  strain  of  large-flowered  Zinnia 
elegans,  of  beautiful  colours,  some  ol  them  being  of  a 
large  size  ;  Camellia-flowered  Balsams,  double  flowered 
Petunias   and    Gaillardia  Lorenziana    in    variety.      A 


2l6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  18 


Dianthus  chinensis,  Black  Prince,  with  black-brownish- 
purple  flower,  was  shown,  the  colour  of  the  semi-double 
flowers  being  very  remarkable. 

Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  showed  Picotee  Duchess,  an 
immense  bloom,  with  yellow  ground,  scarlet  edged. 

A  tuberous  Begonia,  with  immense  flowers,  single,  of 
a  lovely  shade  of  crimson,  was  shown  by  Mr.  R.  Owen, 
nurseryman.  Maidenhead. 

Mr.  Miles,  Victoria  Nursery,  Brighton,  showed  a  large 
yellow  Chrysanthemum ,  of  the  early  Anemone-flowered 
section,  most  unseasonable  when  Roses  and  Picotees  are 
shown  at  the  same  time, 

Mr.  E.  H.  Krelage,  Haarlem,  sent  some  of  his  seedlings 
of  the  new  race  of  hardy  Gladioli,  Nos.  4,  15,  18,  and 
24  being  of  pleasing  colours. 

Mr.  Chater,  nurseries,  Cambridge,  exhibited  a  stand 
of  blooms  of  Hollyhocks  that  were  conspicuous  for  their 
good  quahty— Revival,  a  creamy-yellow,  well  built  flower, 
being  considered  the  best. 

Herr  E.  Benary,  seed  grower,  Erfurt,  showed  Aster 
Rose,  dark  scarlet,  a  perfectly  new  colour,  very  distinct  ; 
the  flower  is  of  medium  size,  incurved,  with  flat  petals. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  exhibited  a 
stand  of  blooms  of  Verbenas,  the  eyed  flowers  amongst 
them  being  fine  for  beds  or  pots  ;  Lobelia  Fascination,  a 
dark  flower  with  a  white  eye  and  a  number  of  Swanley 
seedling  Begonia  blooms. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  Holbom,  showed  their 
strain  of  double  Petunias,  amongst  them  a  dark  blue  self, 
which,  if  the  foliage  be  not  too  soft,  should  make  a 
splendid  bedding  variety. 

Mr.  J.  Blundell,  Martell  Road,  West  Dulwich,  showed 
four  stands  of  Hollyhock  blooms  of  so  great  excellence 
that  three  of  them  received  Certificates,  viz..  Prince  of 
Wales,  cerise,  very  full  without  guard  petals  ;  Shirley 
Hibberd,  a  crimson,  large  and  full  with  guard  petals, 
distinct  and  prominent — the  colour  is  of  a  pleasing 
shade  ;  Primrose  Gem,  a  primrose-yellow,  of  medium 
size  and  good  form. 

Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  Langport,  Somerset,  put  up 
the  finest  stand  which  has  been  seen  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  shows,  and  of  which  only  a  few 
received  First-class  Certificates,  viz.,  Sir  Cunliffe  Owen, 
pink  and  yellow,  a  fine  new  colour,  long  spike  and  large 
flowers  ;  Lord  R.  Churchill,  cerise,  with  a  white  stripe 
on  each  segment,  throat  white  ;  Lord  Salisbury,  of 
deep  crimson,  purplish  in  the  throat,  the  segments 
flamed  with  dark  crimson  ;  Clarence,  of  maroon  stripes 
on  a  crimson  colour,  and  of  velvety  texture — a  very  fine 
flower.  Other  superior  spikes  were  Sir  M.  H.  Beach, 
a  very  handsome  cherry-red  flower  ;  Countess  Onslow' 
an  opaque  white,  with  a  purplish-rose  flame :  Lord 
Halsbury,  a  brilliant  cerise,  with  white  throat  and 
stripes.  The  total  number  of  spikes  shown  was  200. 
A  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded. 

The  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company  showed  a  collec- 
tion of  Lilium  auratum  as  cut  blooms,  and  a  tall  Vallota 
purpurea  magnifica  ;  and  from  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  Chiswick,  were  brought  specimens  of 
East  Indian  Cotton  plants  furnished  with  ripe  seed-pods  • 
a  plant  of  Fuchsia  triphylla,  with  small  dark  green  foliage,' 
veined  crimson  and  orange-scariet,  constricted  tubular 
blossoms,  which  are  terminal,  as  in  F.  corymbosa  ;  and 
Carnation  Chiswick  Red,  a  useful  bouquet  variety.  ' 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  Saffron  Walden,  showed  cut 
blooms  of  Hollyhocks,  the  quality  of  which  was  very 
good  ;  Crimson  Queen,  a  full  regularly  formed  flower, 
of  a  dark  crimson  colour,  was  considered  to  be  the  best.' 
Mr.  J.  Douglas,  Great  Gearies,  showed  Annie  Douglas 
a  yellow  ground  Picotee,  large,  and  with  plenty  of  petals 
to  make  a  full  flower  ;  P.  Alraira,  a  pure  lemon-yeUow 
variety,  with  a  rose  wire  edge,  good  form,  and  of  a  laree 
size.  " 

A  plant  of  Beaufortia  splendens  in  flower  came  from 
Messrs.  H.  Low  &  Co.,  Clapton  Nurseries  ;  the  Callis- 
temon-Uke  flower  is  vivid  scarlet,  and  the  foliage 
resembles  that  of  a  Diosma. 

R.  J.  Measures,  Esq.,  Cambridge  Lodge,  Camberwell 
showed  a  group  of  Orchids  in  considerable  variety', 
amongst  which  were  observed  several  Oncidiura  Jonesil 
anum  with  good  spikes  ;  Aerides  virens  superba  •  A 
odoratum,  grown  without  fire-heat,  the  plant  healthy' and 
plentifully  furnished  with  short  spikes  ;  Odontoglossum 
mirandum  &c.  ;  also  Cattleya  velutina,  a  pretty 
species ;  Trichopiha  luteo-purpurea,  sepals  green 
striped  brown,  the  tube  dark  red  ;  and  Cypripediuni 
Lawrenceanum  atro-purpureum,  a  tall  stalked  dark  form 
of  this  variety. 

Mr.  W.  BuU,  New  Plant  Nursery,  Chelsea,  exhibited 
Impatiens  Hawkeri,  well  bloomed  specimens  ;  Miltonia 
spectabilis  bicolor,  the  lip  very  large  comparatively  and 
the  purplish  blotch  at  the  base  occupying  half  the  area  ; 
it  makes  a  distinct  and  pretty  addition  to  the  genus.' 
Cattleya  Schofieldiana  was  likewise  shown.  A  group 
of  the  Cienkowskia  Kirki  was  also  shown  in  flower. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hall  Farm,  Tottenham,  had  a  mag- 
nificent display  of  hardy  flowers,  in  which  Papaver 
nudicaule,  Hyacinthus  candicans,  LiUes,  Gladioli,  Tri- 
tonias,  Harpalium  rigidum,  and  Phloxes  were  the 
showiest  subjects.  A  rarity  was  shown  from  this  nursery 
in  Sparaxis  pulcherrima,  a  tall  Reed-like  species,  4  feet 
in  height,  with  flower-racemes  of  i  foot  in  length  •  the 
flowers  are  pendulous  campanulate,  of  a  rosy-red  colour. 
Olearia  Haasti  was  shown  in  quantity  in  pots  the 
plants  being  covered  with  its  dense  masses  of  white 
flowers. 

First-class  Certificates. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  for  Gladiolus  Lord 
Sahsbury. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  for  Gladiolus  Clarence. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  for  Gladiolus  Sir  CunhfTe 
Owen. 

To  Mr.  BlundeU,  for  HoUyhock  Princess  of  Wales. 


To  Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  for  Hollyhock  Crimson 
Queen. 

To  Messrs.  Webb  k  Brand,  for  Hollyhock  Primrose 
Gem. 
Mr.  G.  Mills,  for  Chrysanthemum  (eariy)  Mrs.  Burrell. 
To  Mr.  W.  Bull,  for  Miltonia  spectabilis  bicolor. 
To  Mr.  Phillips,  for  Adiantum  cuneatura,  Phillips  var. 
To  Mr.  Blundell,  for  Hollyhock  Mr.  Shirley 
Hibberd. 

To   Messrs.   Vilmorin-Andrieux    &    Co.,    for    Zinnia 
elegans,  dwarf  striped  strain. 

To   Messrs.  Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co.,  for  Dianthus 
(chinensis)  Black  Prince. 
To  Mr.  Chater,  for  Hollyhock  Revival. 
To  Mr.  C.  Turner,  for  Picotee  Duchess. 
To  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  for  single  Dahlia  Squire  Gammie. 
To    the    Society's    Garden,    Chiswick,    for    Fuchsia 
triphylla. 
To  Mr.  R.  Owen,  for  Begonia  Imperial. 
To  Mr.  E.  Benary,  for  Aster  Rose,  dark  scarlet. 
To  Mr.  Douglas,  for  yellow  Picotees  Annie  Douglas 
and  Almira. 


Fruit  Committee. 
Present  :  Dr.  Hogg  in  the  chair ;  Messrs.  H. 
Weir,  J.  Woodbridge,  W.  Warren,  C.  Ross,  G.  T. 
Miles,  J,  Ellam,  G.  Norman,  P.  Crowley,  G.  Silver- 
lock,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  G.  Bunyard,  J.  Smith,  and 
G.  Goldsmith. 

The  Commissioners  of  South  AustraUa  again  contri- 
buted garden  productions,  in  the  form  of  tinned  fruits  of 
the  Quince,  Pear,  Apricot,  and  Plum. 

Messrs.  Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co.  exhibited  a  collec- 
tion of  Endives,  many  of  which  are  unknown,  under  the 
names  given,  to  growers  in  this  country. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  exhibited  Blenheim  Orange 
Tomato,  a  pink-coloured  fruit,  round  in  form,  stated  to 
be  X  Carter's  Green  Gage  and  Carter's  Dedham 
Favourite. 

Mr.  Bariow,  York  Nurseries,  Stamford  Hill,  showed 
fourteen  fruits  ot  Tomato,  weighing  ^\  lb.  It  was  incor- 
rectly marked  as  being  Hathaway's  Excelsior. 

Mr.  Cordle,  Springfield  Gardens,  Ulverstone,  showed 
SIX  fruits  of  Royal  George  from  a  tree  four  years  old 
and  the  same  number  of  Noblesse  Peaches,  from  a  tree 
twenty-four  years  old  :  both  samples  were  of  a  large  size 
the  fruit  from  the  old  tree  being  larger  if  anything  than 
the  others. 

Vegetables  :  Competing  Classes. 
In  the  collections  the  ist  prize  fell  to  Mr.  Waite 
Glenhurst,  Esher,  who  is  becoming  a  redoubtable  exhi- 
bitor of  vegetables  at  metropolitan  and  other  shows  • 
The  diff'erent  items  were  excellent.  But  little  behind  the 
winner  in  general  good  quality  came  Mr.  Beckett,  Cole 
Orton  Farm,  Penn,  Bucks  ;  and  3d,  Mr.  Buss.  We 
observed  nothing  that  was  novel  amongst  the  sorts 
shown,  but  several  which  appeared  to  be  old  varieties 
under  new  names. 


MATLOCK   BATH   HORTICULTURAL 

AND  FLORAL  :  August  7. 
This  Society,  which  commenced  in  a  small  way 
about  six  years  ago,  is  steadily  growing  in  importance, 
and  especially  so  snce  the  establishment  of  the 
Pavilion  Gardens  with  its  handsome  concert  hall 
furnished  the  Society  with  an  excellent  place  in 
which  to  hold  its  show.  On  this  occasion,  the 
weather  being  beautifully  fine,  an  immense  company 
attended,  visitors  coning  in  from  Derby,  Manchester, 
Chesterfield,  Nottinpham,  &c.,  and  the  sum  of  over 
.^181  was  taken,  manly  in  shillings.  The  Postmaster 
of  Matlock  Bath,  Wr.  A.  Clark,  is  a  most  energetic 
Hon.  Secretary,  and  is  assisted  by  Mr.  Edward 
Speed.  The  exhibi  ion  bids  fair  to  become  a  very 
influential  and  popuUr  one  in  the  district  under  their 
management. 

Groups. 
In  the  spacious  catral  hall  of  the  Pavilion  were 
arranged  the  groups  if  plants,  occupying  spaces  not 
exceeding  200  feet,  competing  for  the  handsome 
money  prizes  open  to  ill  England.  There  were  three 
entries,  and  being  arnnged  in  the  form  of  a  crescent, 
had  a  very  imposing  effect.  The  best  came  from  Mr. 
Geo.  Williams,  gr.  b  S.  Baeriin,  Esq.,  Didsbury, 
Manchester.  From  abed  of  Maidenhair  Ferns  rose 
Crotons,  Dractenas,  lalms,  &c.,  with  dwarf  flowering 
plants  dotted  here  anl  there.  Mr.  A.  Anderson,  gr. 
to  jW.  Walker,  Esq.,  Lea,  Matlock,  was  2d,  having 
an  excellent  lot  of  wel  grown  and  flowered  plants,  of 
which  a  good  deal  mae  could  have  been  made  from 
an  artistic  point  of  vew.  3d,  Mr.  C.  Yates,  gr.  to 
R.  Wildegoose,  Esq.,  Lea,  Matlock  Bath. 

Prizes  were  also  )frered  for  groups  of  plants 
arranged  on  raised  tabes,  but  these  being  only  3  feet 
6  inches  in  width  it  vas  difficult  to  make  anything 
like  an  effective  arrargement,  and  it  would  be  much 
better  if  for  the  fuure,  the  collections  could  be 
arranged  on  the  flo)r.  Here  Mr.  Barlas,  gr.  to 
F.  C.  Arkwright,  Isq.,  Willersley  Castle,  Crom- 
ford,  was  1st,  with  a  charming  lot  of  Crotons,  Dra- 
caenas, Ferns,  &c.,  ecged  with  Maidenhair  Fern  and 
Panicum  variegatum;  2d,  Mr.  John  Brown,  nursery- 
man, Matlock  Bath,  who  had  a  table  of  gay  flower- 
ing plants 


Plants  were  also  shown  by  Amateurs  and  cottagers, 
but  contained  nothing  worthy  of  special  notice. 

Cut  Flowers. 

^" 'he  class  for  twenty-four  cut  blooms  of  Roses, 
Mr.  John  Henson,  florist,  Derby,  was  1st  with  a  nice 
fresh  lot ;  Mr.  R.  W.  Proctor,  nurseryman,  Chester- 
field, being  2d.  Mr.  Henson  also  had  the  best  twelve 
Uahhas,  fine  blooms  for  this  district  at  this  season  of 
the  year. 

Cut  zonal  Pelargoniums  in  twelve  bunches,  three 
trusses  in  a  bunch  were  a  very  fine  feature  ;  Messrs. 
I.  R.  Pearson  &  Sons,  Chilwell  Nurseries,  Notting- 
ham,  being  run  very  hard  indeed  for  1st  place  by  W. 
Cartington,  who  was  a  remarkably  good  2d. 

Mr.  Henson  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  twelve  spikes 
of  Gladioli,  having  some  very  good  ones  for  the 
season  of  the  year.  Mr.  Henson  also  had  the  best 
eighteen  bunches  of  cut  flowers,  staging  a  very  good 
lot  indeed;  Mr.  J.  Stevenson,  gr.  to  A.  Wathall 
Esq.,  Alton  Manor,  Matlock,  being  2d. 

Bouquets  and  baskets  of  Roses  were  a  pretty 
feature,  and  good  prizes  being  offered  there  was  an 
excellent  competition. 

The  following  subjects,  staged  not  for  competition, 
were  Highly  Commended  :— Cut  Roses  from  Messrs. 
Dickson,  Brown  &  Tail,  and  Dickson  &  Robinson, 
both  of  Manchester;  and  Carnations  and  fancy 
Pansies  from  Mr.  R.  W.  Proctor,  nurseryman,  Ches- 
terfield. 

Fruit. 

In  this  department  of  the  show,  Mr.  J.  H.  Good- 
acre,  The  Gardens,  Elvaston  Gardens,  Elvaston 
Castle,  scored  the  leading  honours  ;  he  had  the 
1st  prize  for  eight  dishes,  staging  fine  Black  Ham- 
burgh and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  Cayenne 
Pine,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Elton  Pine,  Strawberries 
Cherries,  and  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Jos.  Ward,  gr.  to  c! 
H.  Gates,  Esq.,  Ridding's  Home,  Derbyshire' 

Mr.  Barias  had  the  best  six  dishes,  staging  a  very 
creditable  lot. 

In  the  class  for  four  bunches  of  Grapes,  Mr 
Goodacre  was  1st  with  two  bunches  each  of  Madres- 
field  Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  2d,  Mr.  Jos 
Ward,  with  excellent  Muscat  Hamburgh  and  white 
Muscats. 

Mr.  Goodacre  was  Ist  both  with  two  bunches  of 
black  and  white  Grapes,  staging  in  the  Hrst  instance 
admirable  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  in  the  second 
Black  Hamburgh.  Mr.  Anderson  was  a  good  2d  with 
white,  and  Mr.  Ward  with  black  Grapes. 

Peaches,  Nectarines,  Melons,  Tomatos,  and  Cucum- 
bers were  well  represented. 

Vegetables. 

The  best  collection  of  twelve  dishes  came  from  Mr 
John  Cothers,  .Matlock  Bath  ;  Mr.  G.  Richards,  of 
the  same  place,  being  2d. 

There  were  classes  for  six  dishes,  and  also  for  many 
single  dishes,  and  in  all  cases  the  exhibits  were  good. 


CLAY    CROSS    HORTICULTURAL: 
August   10. 

Nothing  could  have  been  more  depressing  than 
the  circumstances  under  which  the  above  Society 
held  its  twenty-ninth  show  on  the  above  date.  The 
weather,  which  was  so  beautifully  fine  for  several  days 
previously,  broke  up  early  in  the  morning,  and 
drenching  rain  fell  almost  uninterruptedly  until  mid- 
day, completely  saturating  the  ground,  and  making 
everything  under  foot  uncomfortable  in  the  extreme. 
It  is  a  long  time  since  the  Society  has  suffered  from 
bad  weather,  and  its  occurrence  on  the  show  day  is 
the  more  to  be  regretted  as  the  Clay  Cross  show  is  a 
great  popular  festival,  and  thousands  come  in  from 
all  parts  when  the  weather  is  fine,  and  a  large  sum 
of  money  is  taken  at  the  gates.  This  is  the  twenty- 
third  year  that  Mr.  James  Stollard,  the  Secretary 
has  acted  in  that  capacity,  and  it  is  to  his  energy  so' 
much  of  the  success  of  the  annual  gathering  is  due. 

The  show  took  place  in  the  grounds  attached  to 
the  residence  of  one  of  the  leading  managers  of  the 
Clay  Cross  Company.  The  exhibits  were  arranged 
in  three  large  tents,  forming  three  sides  of  a  square 
and  the  tents  were  so  joined  together  that  a  con- 
tinuous promenade  was  formed.  In  the  middle  tent 
were  mainly  arranged  the  exhibits  in  the  principal 
division,  open  to  all  subscribers,  and  a  very  fine 
feature  was  thus  formed.  Hardy  fruits  and  cut 
flowers  and  vegetables  were  wonderful  features,  being 
extensively  shown,  and  of  very  fine  quality. 

Plants. 
The  prime  feature  of  the  show  were  the  groups  of 
miscellaneous  plants  arranged  for  effect,  and  occupy- 
ing a  space  not  exceeding  300  feet.  Five  of  these 
competed,  and,  being  arranged  in  part  on  stages,  they 
nearly  filled  the  centre  of  one  spacious  tent,  and 
made  a  great  display.  Decidedly  the  best  came  from 
Mr.  J.  Lyon,  gr.  to  Viscountess  Ossington,  Ossington 
Hall,  Newark,  the  arrangement  consisting  of  a  ground- 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


217 


work  of  Maidenhair  Fern,  with  Palms,  Crotons, 
Dracaenas,  &c.,  dotted  about  it,  a  few  large  specimens 
being  at  the  back.  This  group  displayed  excellent 
taste,  and  it  was  greatly  admired.  2d,  Mr.  A.  Webb, 
gr.  to  J.  H.  Manners-SuttoD,  Esq  ,  Kelham  Hall, 
Newark,  with  a  very  bold  and  striking  group,  in 
which  large  specimen  Crotons,  &c.,  played  a  con- 
spicuous part.  3d,  Mr.  J.  Ward,  gr.  to  T.  H.  Oakes, 
Esq.,  Riddings,  Derbyshire.  Two  other  prizes  were 
awarded. 

Then  there  was  a  class  for  smaller  groups,  not 
exceeding  150  (eet,  and  here  Mr.  J.  W.  Clements,  gr. 
toS.  P.  Wood,  Esq.,  Brambling  House,  Chesterfield, 
was  1st  ;  2J,  Mr.  C.  Yates,  gr.  to  R.  Wildgoose, 
Esq.,  The  Poplars,  Cromford  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Lyon. 

The  handsome  prizes  formerly  offered  for  collections 
of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  and  which  used  to 
bring  Mr.  Cypher  and  others,  were  omitted  from 
the  schedule  this  year,  consequently  but  few  speci- 
men plants  were  preseni,  groups  occupied  so  large 
a  space.  The  prizes  offered  for  stove  and  green- 
house plants,  and  for  three,  four,  and  two  Orchids, 
brought  a  fairly  good  competition,  but  nothing  worthy 
of  special  notice. 

Mr.  Webb  had  the  best  six  Ferns  ;  Mr.  J.  Firth, 
gr.  to  J.  Jackson,  Esq.,  Stubben  Edge  Hall,  Chester- 
field, being  2d. 

Some  very  good  Fuchsias  were  shown  by  Mr.  J. 
W.  Clements. 

Mr.  Frith  was  1st  with  three  fine  specimen  flower- 
ing Begonias,  Mr.  Ward  being  2d. 

Coleus,  zonal  and  variegated  Pelargoniums,  Bal- 
sams, Petunias,  &c.,  were  all  numerously  shown,  and 
of  good  quality. 

Cut  Flowes. 

Boxes  of  twenty-four  bunches  of  stove  and  green- 
bouse  cut  flowers  made  a  very  fine  feature — ^Ir,  J. 
Ward  being  1st,  and  Mr.  A.  Webb  2d. 

Mr.  R.  W.  Proctor,  nurseryman,  Chesterfield,  had 
the  best  twelve  Roses,  staging  good  blooms  of  Mer- 
veille  de  Lyon,  Captain  Christy,  Countess  of  Rose- 
bery.  Dr.  Cballus,  Madame  Eugenie  Verdier,  Star  of 
Waltham,  Mrs.  Laxton,  &c.  ;  2d.  Messrs.  J.  R. 
Pearson  &  Sons,  Chilwell  Nurseries,  Nottingham. 
The  last  named  had  the  best  twelve  blooms  of  Dahlias  ; 
Mr,  W.  A.  Holmes,  Brampton  Moor,  Chesterfield, 
was  2d. 

Some  excellent  Carnations  and  Picotees  were 
staged  by  Mr.  R.  W.  Prictor,  he  being  a  long  way 
1st  in  both  classes.  Of  Carnations  he  had  William 
Slack,  C.B.;  J.  D.  Hextall,  C.B.;  Rose  of  Staple- 
ford,  R.F.;  Master  Fred,  C.  B. ;  Arthur  Medhurst, 
S.B.;  SirG.  Wolseley,  P.P.B.;  Biddy  Malone,  R.F. ; 
James  Flowdy,  R.F.;  Stanley  Hudson,  C.B.;  Sports- 
man, S.F.;  &c.  2d,  Mr.  W.  A.  Holmes.  Mr. 
Proctor's  Picotees  included  good  blooms  of  red 
edges  :  J.  B.  Bryant  and  Thomas  William  ;  purple 
edges  :  Baroness  Burdett  Coutls,  Clara  Penson, 
Muriel,  and  Nymph ;  rose  edges  :  Daisy,  Edith 
d'Ombrain,  Favourite,  and  Lucy.  In  this  class  Mr. 
W.  A.  Holmes  was  2d.  In  addition  a  very  fine  lot 
of  Carnations  and  cut  Roses  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Proctor,  not  for  competition,  and  zonal  Pelargoniums, 
also  not  for  competition,  by  Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearson 
&  Sons,  and  Highly  Commended. 

Stocks  were  numerous  and  very  fine  ;  French  and 
African  Marigolds,  Asters,  Pansies,  &c.,  were  all 
shown  in  good  condition  by  both  ama'eurs  and  cot- 
tagers. 

Mr.  J.  Ward  had  the  best  epergne  of  flowers  and 
fruit  for  table  decoration,  Mr.  John  Dore,  Tibshelf, 
being  2d.  The  best  ball-room  bouquet  came  from 
Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearion  &  Son,  and  also  the  best  six 
button-holes  ;  Mr.  W.  A.  Holmes  being  2d  in  both 
classes. 

Fruit. 

One  oi  the  best  displays  of  fruit  seen  at  Clay  Cross 
for  some  years  past  was  exhibited  on  this  occasion. 
Mr.  J.  Edmonds,  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  St.  Albans, 
Bestwood  Park,  Nottingham,  was  1st,  with  Black 
Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  very 
fine  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  Figi,  Cherries,  Melon, 
and  an  excellent  Pine-apple  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Ward,  with 
a  very  good  lot  :  Mr.  J.  Lyon  being  3d. 

Mr.  A.  Webb  had  the  best  Pine-apple,  Mr.  J. 
Crauford,  gr.  to  Colonel  Thorpe,  Codington  Hall, 
Newark,  being  2d. 

Mr.  J.  Lyon  had  the  best  dish  of  Peaches,  Mr.  T. 
Egglestone,  gr.  to  F.  Smith,  Esq.,  Wingfield  Park, 
Chesterfield,  being  2d. 

Mr.  Edmonds  had  the  best  dish  of  Nectarines, 
staging  a  remarkably  good  sample. 

Mr.  Crauford  had  the  best  six  dishes  of  hardy 
fruits,  a  very  good  lot  indeed  ;  Mr.  Edmonds  being 
2d,  and  Mr.  A.  Webb  3d. 

Grapes  were  finely  shown.  Mr.  Lyon  had  the  best 
two  bunches  of  black,  staging  superb  examples  of 
Black  Hamburghs ;  Mr.  Ward  being  2J,  and  Mr. 
Frith  3d,  with  the  same  variety. 

Mr.  Frith  came  in  1st  with  admirable  bunches 
of  white  Grapes,  having  Muscat  of  Alexandria  in 
splendid  form  ;  Mr.  Ward  being  2d,  with  smaller 
but  finely  finished  bunches ;  and  Mr.  Crauford  3d, 
with  fine  bunches  of  Foster's  Seedling. 


Gooseberries.  Currants,  Cherries,  Raspberries,  and 
other  hardy  fruits  were  both  numerously  and  finely 
shown. 

Vegetables. 

These  were  so  largely  represented,  and  so  very 
good,  that  they  made  a  large  show  in  themselves. 
Mr.  Crauford  had  the  best  twelve  dishes— an  admirable 
exhibit  ;  Mr.  J.  Ward  was  2d. 

Mr.  Firth  had  the  best  six  dishes  ;  Mr.  Egglestone 
being  2d. 

Potatos  were  in  abundance,  and  it  seemed  as  if  the 
judges  favoured  the  largest  rather  than  the  roost 
shapely  roots  ;  scab  seemed  to  be  characteristic  of  a 
good  many  of  the  samples.  Among  a  large  number 
of  coloured  rounds,  Grampian  and  Reading  Russet 
seemed  to  be  preferred. 

Notwithstanding  the  badness  of  the  weather  the 
excursion  trains  brought  a  great  many  visitors  into  the 
town ;  the  weather  cleared  in  the  afternoon,  and 
perhaps  the  takings  at  the  gales  proved  better  than 
was  at  one  time  feared. 


goniums.  Fuchsias,  Petunias,  Lycopods,  Begonias 
Myrtles,  &c.  For  pot  plants,  Mr.  S.  Maitland 
carried  off  the  principal  honours,  having  premier 
position  for  greenhouse  and  Cape  Heaths,  Ferns, 
show  Pelargoniums,  and  others.  Among  the  other 
prize  winners  here  were  Messrs.  J.  Menzies,  D. 
Fiaser,  and  John  Yule.  In  this  division  there  were 
also  grand  collections  of  cut  flowers,  fruit,  and  vege- 
tables, in  which  Mr.  Maitland  again  distinguished 
himself.  The  working-classes  division  was  highly 
interesting,  and  reflected  great  credit  on  the  exhibitors. 
In  both  divisions  the  display  of  small  and  bush  fruit 
was  exceedingly  fine,  both  in  size  and  quality. 


BRACKLEY    HORTICULTURAL    SHOW. 

This  show  was  held  on  Tuesday  last,  and,  as  usual, 
the  exhibits  proved  a  decided  success,  but  the  weather 
being  so  very  wet  the  greater  part  of  the  day  caused 
great  falling  off  in  the  attendance.  The  worthy 
Hon.  Sees.,  Messrs.  R.  J.  and  A.  H.  Russell,  as  on 
previous  occasions,  provided  a  capital  repast  for 
gardeners  and  their  assistants,  which  was  highly 
appreciated. 

The  groups  of  ornamental  and  flowering  plants 
arranged  for  effect  were  numerous,  and  most  taste- 
fully arranged,  especially  so  in  the  prize  group  of 
Mr.  John  Price,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Percy  Barrington,  as 
also  that  of  Mr.  Slarke,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere. 

W.  L.  Bird,  Esq.,  Norton  Hall,  carried  off  1st 
honours  for  six  ornamental  foliage  plants,  the  2d 
prize  going  to  the  Earl  of  Effingham. 

The  decorations  for  a  dinner-table,  fruit  included, 
brought  out  only  two  competitors,  in  the  persons  of 
Mr.  Haskins,  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  and 
his  better  half,  Mrs.  Hiskins,  who  on  this  occasion 
proved  it  beyond  all  doubt  by  securing  the  coveted 
1st  prize  o{  £i  ;  the  design  was  most  elaborate,  and, 
as  it  deserved,  proved  a  notable  feature  in  the  show. 
The  2d  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Haskins,  whose 
design  was  simply  elegant. 

Mr.  Aggiss,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Effingham,  was  a 
long  way  ahead  with  cut  flowers,  twelve  kinds  of 
blooms,  each  bunch  one  distinct  variety  ;  as  also  for 
Pelargonium  blooms,  eight  varieties,  not  more  than 
three  bunches  in  a  truss.  The  same  exhibitor  was 
awarded  the  premier  prize  for  the  best  collection  of 
fruit,  six  kinds,  as  also  for  the  best  Melon  ;  thus  fully 
maintaining  the  reputation  of  the  Tusmore  Gardens. 

Mr.  W.  Rawlings,  gr.  to  J.  W.  Brown,  Esq., 
Croughton,  staged  twenty-four  blooms  of  Roses,  for 
which  he  was  deservedly  adjudged  the  winner  of  the 
1st  prize. 

Vegetables  were  especially  strong,  and  the  quality 
excellent.  W.  L.  Bird,  Esq  ,  took  the  1st  prize  for 
the  best  collection  of  eight  kinds,  very  closely  fol- 
lowed by  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere. 

The  Onions  were  very  fine,  and  the  competition 
keen,  the  1st  and  2d  prizes  going  to  the  Rousham 
Park  Hero,  grown  by  R.  J.  Russell,  Esq.,  and  Mr. 
Gunthorpe. 

The  cottagers'  productions  were  extremely  good, 
more  particularly  the  stump-rooted  Intermediate 
Carrots  and  Long  Red  Surrey,  as  also  the  Parsnips, 
Potatos,  Peas,  and  Rousham  Park  Hero  Onions, 
which  gained  1st  and  2d  prizes,  some  wonderfully 
good  bulbs  being  noticed  in  the  prize  collection. 

Miscellaneous. 

Mr.  Turner,  of  Slough,  exhibited  a  box  of  magni- 
ficent Picotees  and  Carnations  which  were  greatly 
admired;  and  Mr.  Deverill,  of  the  Royal  Seed  Stores, 
Banbury,  a  fine  display  of  Onions,  extraordinary  for 
the  time  of  year,  thirty-six  bulbs  weighing  upwards 
of  40  lb.,  the  two  largest  scaling  3  lb.  2  oz.  Mr. 
Perry,  of  the  Banbury  Nursery,  also  exhibited  a 
pretty  basket  of  Roses,  crosses,  &c. 


WOODSIDE   HORTICULTURAL. 

The  annual  show  of  this  Society  was  held  in  the 
Town  Hall,  Woodside,  near  Aberdeen,  on  August  7, 
and  was  in  every  way  as  successful  as  in  former  years. 
The  number  of  exhibits  was  less  than  last  year,  being 
627  against  756.  but  the  quality  was  superior  to  that 
of  last  year,  and  fully  made  up  for  the  deficiency  in 
number.  'There  were  only  two  divisions  this  year — 
professionals  and  amateurs  being  classed  together, 
and  the  other  division  being  set  apart  for  working 
men.  Although  there  were  not  many  entries  the 
amateurs  held  their  own  against  the  professionals,  and 
not  much  difference  could  be  noticed  between  the 
different  lots.  The  amateur  and  professional  division 
consisted   chiefly  of  pot  plants.   Tree  Ferns,   Pelar- 


JrEE3      and      ^Hf^UBg. 


LARGE  DECIDUOUS  CYPRESS. 
The  largest  and  finest  tree  of  this  kind,  Taxodium 
distichum,  I  have  seen  is  in  the  grounds  at  Longford 
Castle,  near  Llanrwst.  It  is  fully  50  feet  high, 
girths  9  feet  9  inches  at  a  yard  up,  and  has  a  spread 
ot  branches  covering  a  diameter  of  fully  30  feet. 
Pinus  Cembra  and  P.  Strobus  do  remarkably  well  at 
the  same  place,  many  of  the  latter  towering  to  over 
80  feet  in  height,  with  clean  smooth  stems  of  8  feet 
girth  and  upwards  at  3  feet  from  the  ground.  A.  D. 
IVets/er. 

Ceanothus  Gloire  de  Versailles. 
Amongst  very  showy  free-flowering  evergreen 
shrubs  for  covering  walls,  a  worthy  place  is  held  by 
Ceanothus  Gloire  de  Veriailles.  Just  now  a  goodly 
portion  of  one  of  the  walls  at  Chiswick,  is  literally 
aglow  with  this  particular  variety — a  desirable  kind  — 
its  numerous  panicles  of  lightish-blue  flowers  having 
a  very  pretty  effect  set  off  by  its  green  foliage. 

Olearia  Haastii. 
In  the  mixed  shrubbery  border  at  Chiswick,  near 
to  the  Council-room,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  this  useful, 
neat,  evergreen,  flowering  shrub,  bearing  clusters  of 
little  star-shaped  white  flowers,  which  are  somewhat 
sweetly  scented.  Some  interest  attaches  at  the  pre- 
sent time  to  this  plant.  It  is  named  after  Sir  Julius 
von  Haast,  one  of  the  New  Zealand  Commissioners 
in  connection  with  the  Colonial  Exhibition  now  being 
held  at  South  Kensington — and  one  who  took,  and 
still  takes  some  interest  in  the  New  Zealand  fernery,  a 
conspicuous  and  pretty  feature  at  the  Exhibition.  B. 

Eucryphia  pinnatifida. 
Messrs.  Veitch  send  us  flowering  sprays  of  this 
very  lovely  flowering  shrub  of  which  we  gave  a 
figure  at  p.  337,  vol.  xiv. ,  1880.  The  branches 
are  stiff,  of  a  deep  purple  colour,  and  bear  pinnate 
leaves  like  those  of  a  Rose,  but  of  a  deep  green  colour 
and  somewhat  leathery  texture.  The  flowers  are  like 
those  of  a  green  Cistus  without  the  blotch.  It  is  one 
of  the  loveliest  of  hardy  shrubs. 

Pavia  macrostachya. 
Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons  send  u?  from  Combe  Wood 
specimens  of  this  very  beautiful  flowering  tree.  It 
bears  elegant  palmate  leaves  of  finer  texture  than 
those  of  the  common  Horse  Chestnut,  and  with  long 
slender  purplish  leaf  stalks.  The  white  or  pinkish 
flowers  are  borne  in  erect  narrow  pyramidal  spikes, 
and  are  very  beautiful.  It  is  a  small  growing  tree, 
which  should  form  part  of  all  collections.  A  figure 
of  it  was  given  at  p.  656,  vol.  viii.,  1877. 

Prunus  Pissardi. 
Paying  a  visit  to  my  former  employer,  Mr.  Vetter, 
superintendent  of  the  well-known  Wilhelmshohe 
Park,  he  took  me  round  his  extensive  collec- 
tion. "  Here  are  ripe  Plums."  said  he.  1  doubted. 
"  Look  here,"  said  he  ;  "  are  these  young  Plums  not 
]ust  asdark  red  as  ripe  ones?"  Yes,  so  they  were, 
but  they  were  not  ripe  ;  the  Iraits  in  question  were 
young  fruits  of  Prunus  Pissardi,  showing  just  the  same 
colour  as  the  leaves  of  this  beautiful  shrub  or  tree. 
Mr.  Vetter  showed  me  also  one  of  the  most  striking 
novelties,  the  cut-leaved  Pear  tree.  The  plant  is  still 
a  small  one,  and  must  become  very  beautiful 
when  it  grows  older.  C.  Wisseaiack,  Fritdhofs-In- 
spcdor,  Cassel,  Germany. 


Publication  Received.— Ci2/a&^««  of  Chrysan- 
thimuim.  By  a  Special  Committee  of  the  National 
Chrysanthemum  Society  (London  :  E  W.  Allen, 
4,  Ave  Maria  Lane). 


2l8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  1886, 


THE  ADVANTAGES  OF 
TOBACCO. 
Dr.  Pereira  states  ia  his  Materia  MeJica  that 
be  is  "unacquainted  with  any  well  determined  ill- 
efTects  from  the  practice  of  smoking,"  and  Christison 
speaks  of  it  as  a  luxury  used  all  the  world  over  with- 
out any  bad  effects  having  been  clearly  traced  to  it." 
In  a  letter  of  Dr.  Parke's,  author  of  Parkers 
Manual  of  Practical  Hygiene  in  the  Lancet^  p.  384, 
1880,  he  confesses  that  he  has  searched  in  vain  for 
any  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  harmful  effects  of 
Tobacco,  and  that  it  was  for  this  reason  that  its  con- 
sideration was  not  given  place  in  the  work  men- 
tioned. 

The  fact  has  been  pointed  out  that  men  are  on  the 
whole  as  healthy  as  women,  while  nine  out  of  ten  of 
the  male  population  of  the  world  use  Tobacco,  and 
women  as  a  rule  abstain.  In  the  learned  professions 
about  one-half  of  the  ministers  are  addicted  to  it  in 
some  form,  three-fourths  of  all  physicians,  and  nine- 
tenths  of  members  of  the  legal  fraternity. 

In  looking  calmly  at  the  Tobacco  question,  there  is 
one  feature  calculated  to  exctte  alarm,  and  that  is  the 
habit  of  chewing  and  smoking  so  widely  practised 
among  boys.  This,  to  young  growing  boys,  is  un- 
qualifiedly hurtful.  They  voluntarily  endure  the  first 
disagreeable  effects  of  the  Tobacco  to  acquire  what 
they  consider  an  accomplishment,  the  habit  is  finally 
confirmed,  and  with  an  entire  ignorance  of  its  powers, 
added  to  a  tendency  to  immoderation,  the  growth  and 
development  is  often  seriously  interfered  with,  and 
the  worst  results  follow.  They  smoke  and  chew 
generally  the  worst  Tobacco,  and  to  a  degree  which 
would  positively  be  harmful  with  the  majority  of 
adults.  This  matter  should  be  corrected  by  proper 
action  of  our  legislators,  with  whom  the  responsibility 
rests.  Smoking,  when  done  at  proper  times,  facili- 
tates digestion.  The  sense  of  relief  obtained  by  a 
cigar,  after  a  heavy  meal,  is  well  known  to  smokers. 
Dyspepsia  sometimes  follows  the  discontinuance  of 
Tobacco,  and  is  removed  when  the  habit  is  resumed. 
While  the  abuse  of  Tobacco  weakens  the  system  and 
leads  to  emaciation,  used  intelligently  it  exerts  a 
favourable  influence  upon  nutrition. 

Hammond,  by  observation  upon  himself,  found  a 
gain  in  weight  with  the  use  of  Tobacco.  Fiske 
attributed  an  increase  of  20  lb.  in  three  months  to 
Tobacco.  "Tobacco,  when  the  food  is  sufficient  to 
preserve  the  weight,  increases  it  ;  when  insufficient, 
and  the  body  is  losing.  Tobacco  restrains  the  loss  " 
(Hammond).  Boerhaave,  of  Holland,  nearly  200  years 
ago,  referred  to  Tobacco  as  being  antidotal  to  hunger. 
It  seems  that  the  power  to  undergo  severe  exertion 
and  fatigue,  either  mental  or  physical,  is  aided  by 
Tobacco.  "Soldiers  of  all  nations  use  it.  It  was  a 
standing  injunction  of  Napoleon  that  his  troops  should 
have  Tobacco,  and  it  was  of  great  advantage  in  the 
retreat  from  Moscow."  (Fiske.)  During  our  late 
war  the  soldier  would  be  patient  under  very  severe 
privations,  if  he  but  had  a  good  supply  of  Tobacco  to 
smoke  or  chew,  and  when  on  picket  duty  would  risk 
his  life  to  strike  a  match  for  his  pipe. 

Situations  for  loneliness  are  always  rendered  more 
tolerable  by  Tobacco,  and  it  is  the  constant  com- 
panion of  those  who  lead  lives  of  solitude,  such  as  that 
of  the  herdsmen  or  ranchmen.  A  feeling  of  unrest  or 
discontent  made  up  of  ill-defined  longings,  of 
imaginary  disappointments,  and  unpleasant  anticipa- 
tions, commonly  known  as  ennui,  is  responsible  for 
much  unhappiness.  This  unfortunate  condition  of 
mind  is  removed  by  the  soothing  influence  of  a  cigar, 
and  the  moroseness  and  gloom  are  quickly  dispelled. 
As  much  of  every  day  is  filled  up  with  care,  our 
degree  of  comfort  in  this  life  will  depend  largely  upon 
our  ability  to  bear  it  uncomplainingly.  That  Tobacco 
assists  us  to  do  this — that  it  enables  us  to  look  upon 
life  more  complacently,  must  be  the  conclusion  of 
every  one  who  has  experienced  its  influence.  That  it 
enables  us  to  toil  with  less  fatigue  is  equally  true. 
The  readiest  writers  generally  use  Tobacco,  and 
cannot  accomplish  the  same  amount  of  work  in  the 
same  time  without  it,  and  those  connected  with  news- 
paper and  other  literary  work,  who  have  often  to 
write  against  time,  find  it  of  inestimable  value. 

Tobacco  formerly  enjoyed  a  deserved  reputation  as 
a  medical  agent,  and  was  extensively  used  in  scabies 
and  other  cutaneous  disorders.  It  has  been  largely 
supplanted,  however,  in  modern  practice,  by  other 
remedies.  The  use  of  Tobacco  during  a  mercurial 
course  decreases  the  risk  ol  salivation,  and  cases  of 
ptyalism  have  been  reported  cured  by  its  employment. 


Before  the  discovery  of  chloroform.  Tobacco  served  a 
useful  purpose  in  the  hands  of  the  surgeon  in  cases  of 
strangulated  hernia  for  obtaining  complete  relaxation. 
Tobacco  constitutes  a  most  valuable  addition  to  the 
ordinary  poultice  in  local  painful  affections.  In  two 
cases  of  cancer  of  the  breast,  by  incorporating  it 
in  a  local  application,  a  marked  advantage  was 
noticed  by  the  writer  in  the  relief  of  pain.  As  an  in- 
gredient in  asthmatic  cigarettes,  with  belladona, 
stramonium,  &c.,  it  is  entitled  to  share  in  the  reme- 
dial effect. 

The  limited  medical  range  of  Tobacco  is  unimport- 
ant in  comparison  with  its  social  and  physical  in- 
fluences. Among  its  many  beneficent  powers  it  ap- 
pears  to  allay  worry  and  lighten  toil.  It  is  an  aid  to 
mental  work,  and  a  help  to  reflection  and  complacency. 
It  promotes  sociability,  and  in  the  words  of  one  of 
its  champions,  "makes  a  man  act  more  like  a  Sa- 
maritan." While  it  is  neither  liked  nor  needed  by 
animals,  who  loathe  it,  it  seems  to  be  required  and 
craved  by  man,  to  whom  its  characteristic  properties 
appear  peculiarly  grateful  and  often  useful.  It  has 
repeatedly  and  unjustly  been  called  a  curse,  but  those 
who  have  written  most  of  its  baneful  effects,  as  a  rule, 
have  never  used  it.  Indeed,  this  comforting  substance 
is  so  far  removed  from  the  idea  of  a  curse,  that  it 
should  not  be  forgotten  when  we  recount  the  many 
blessings  of  mankind.  Indian  Agriculturist.  [Apart 
from  the  undoubted  and  direct  injury  done  to  young 
persons  by  the  use  of  Tobacco,  the  worst  probably 
that  can  be  said  against  it  is  that  a  good  many  who 
smoke  much  drink  in  proportion.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  enables  many  to  dispense  with  alcoholic 
stimulants.  If  smokers  would  only  smoke  where  the 
habit  is  not  a  nuisance  to  non-smokers  there  would 
be  no  cause  of  complaint  ] 


INDIAN    NOTES. 

Botanic  Garden,  Seebpore.— The  Bengal 
Government  resolution  on  the  report  of  the  Royal 
Botanic  Garden,  Seebpore,  for  1885-86,  notices  that 
a  high  standard  had  been  kept  up  in  the  cultivation 
and  arrangement  of  the  garden.  The  show  of 
Orchids  was  excellent,  and  the  general  appearance 
of  the  garden  very  satisfactory.  A  large  quantity  of 
Mahogany  seed  was  received  from  Kew  and  Jamaica, 
much  of  which  was  distributed,  and  the  remainder 
sown  in  the  garden,  from  which  about  20,000  seed- 
lings have  been  raised.  Other  timber  plants  are  also 
grown  for  distribution.  Dr.  King  reports  that  further 
experience  confirms  him  in  the  belief  that  the  paper 
Mulberry  tree,  from  which  the  "  tappa "  cloth  of 
Polynesia,  and  the  bulk  of  the  paper  of  China  and 
Japan  is  manufactured,  finds  a  congenial  home  in  the 
soil  and  climate  of  Bengal.  This  is  important,  and 
the  fact  should  be  made  known  widely,  plants  being 
distributed  gratis  to  those  wishing  to  cultivate  this 
useful  tree,  the  bark  of  which  is  considered  by  English 
paper-makers  to  be  nearly  the  best  of  paper  fibres. 
The  utilisation  of  the  common  Plantain  fibre  for 
paper-making  has  been  rendered  possible,  we  are 
told,  by  the  invention  of  a  machine  patented  by  a 
retired  officer  of  the  Madras  army.  The  herbarium 
received  material  additions,  specimens  having  been 
contributed  by  Mr.  Kiinstler  from  Malay,  Mr.  Pant- 
ling  from  the  Eastern  Himalayas,  and  other  gentle- 
men from  varions  parts  of  India,  as  well  as  from 
England,  Australia.  Germany,  Java,  and  Penang. 
Nearly  54,000  plants  were  distributed,  and  about 
9251  received  during  the  year  ;  3292  packets  of  seeds 
were  distributed,  and  914  packets  received. 

Arauian  Date  Palms. 
We  note  with  satisfaction  that  there  is  some  hope 
of  the  Arabian  Date  Palm  being  acclimatised  in 
Bangalore.  Mr.  Cameron,  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Lai  Bagh,  Bangalore,  writes  as  follows  in  his  last 
report  on  these  gardens  :— "  Acting  on  the  suggestion 
ol  Dr.  Bonavia,  Civil  Surgeon  at  Elawah,  who  is  an 
authority  on  the  subject,  I  applied  to  Government, 
and  obtained  sanction  for  the  expenditure  of  two 
hundred  rupees  on  introducing  the  Arabian  Date 
Palm  (Phoenix  dactylifera)  direct  from  the  Persian 
Gulf.  This  work  has  been  promptly  and  so  far  suc- 
cessfully carried  out,  thanks  to  Mr.    Girdlestone,  the 


acting  British  Resident,  who  kindly  gave  me  a  letter 
of  introduction  to  Colonel  Ross,  the  British  Resident 
at  the  Persian  Gulf.  In  October  we  received  116 
offsets  of  the  finest  varieties  of  Date,  and  excepting 
six,  which  I  believe  are  dead,  the  offsets  are  doing 
fairly  well.  Being  unrooted,  the  present  dry  season 
is  much  against  them,  but  when  the  rains  set  in,  I 
hope  to  see  a  decided  improvement  in  their  condition. 
Last  January  we  received  from  the  Persian  Gulf 
41  lb.  of  seed  in  pulp,  and  these  have  been  distri- 
buted. The  offiets  and  seeds  arrived  in  capital  order, 
and  I  am  indebted  to  Mr,  A,  R.  Hakim,  Khan 
Bahadoor,  Assistant  to  the  Political  Resident,  for 
much  valuable  information  which  accompanied  them. 
But  prior  to  receiving  the  above  consignments  I  had 
obtained  some  seeds  from  Mr.  Ridley,  Superintendent 
of  the  Horticultural  Gardens,  Lucknow,  where  the  Date 
Palm  is  already  domesticated  through  the  efforts  of 
Dr.  Bonavia  and  Mr.  Ridley.  This  seed  produced 
sixty-three  healthy  seedlings,  which  are  now  growing 
vigorously.  An  attempt  was  made  to  introduce  the 
Date  Palm  in  1872-73,  which  resulted  in  failure  ;  but 
Dr.  Bonavia  is  sanguine  of  success,  and  I  shall  do 
everything  in  my  power  to  support  such  a  worthy 
object.  Writing  to  me  a  few  days  ago,  the  Doctor 
urges  the  importance  ol  sowing  and  planting  periodi- 
cally in  the  following  words  :  — '  I  am  very  glad  to 
hear  you  have  made  so  good  a  start  with  the  Date 
Palm.  If  you  go  on  sowing  and  planting  every 
year,  when  they  begin  to  fruit  you  will  have  the 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  every  year  more  and  more 
will  fruit.  But  if  you  plant  one  lot,  and  then  stop  to 
watch  the  result,  you  will  bs  sorry  when  you  see  the 
result  that  you  did  not  make  an  annual  sowing.'  I 
quite  concur  in  the  above  opinion.  To  make  the 
experiment  felt  we  must  obtain  and  sow  large  quanti- 
ties of  seeds  at  various  centres  every  year.  The 
importation  of  seeds  is  not  an  expensive  measure,  and, 
judging  from  the  courtesy  already  experienced,  I 
believe  we  have  only  to  make  our  requirement  known 
to  be  well  served  by  the  authorities  at  the  Persian 
LIulf.   B.  S."  Indian  Agriculturist,  July  17. 


The  Late  H.  F.  Hance,  Ph.D.,  F.L.S.,  &c. 
— The  sad  news  of  the  decease  at  Amoy  on  June  21 
of  Dr.  Hance,  H.B.M.'s  Consul  at  that  port,  will 
produce  feelings  of  the  deepest  regret  amongst  those 
who  had  the  good  fortune  of  his  friendship  ;  and  by 
the  scientific  world,  to  which  his  eminent  attainments 
and  works  as  a  learned  and  indefatigable  botanist 
made  him  so  well  known  and  respected,  his  loss  will 
be,  if  possible,  even  more  felt. 

Dr.  Hance  was  born  on  August  4,  1S27.  He 
entered  the  Civil  Service  of  Hong  Kong  on  Septem- 
ber I,  1844,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Consular  Ser- 
vice and  appointed  Vice-Consul  at  Whampoa  in  1861. 
He  has  been  an  almost  continuous  resident  in  South 
China  for  nearly  forty-two  years. 

On  his  arrival  in  China  he  seems  to  have  com- 
menced botanical  investigations,  beginning  with 
laborious  expeditions  in  plant  hunting  in  Hong  Kong 
and  in  forming  a  herbarium  to  assist  him  in  his 
studies.  These  studies  he  gradually  extended  to 
regions  far  and  wide  in  the  Chinese  Empire,  from 
whence  travellers  and  residents  have  delighted  to 
furnish  him  with  collections  of  plants.  These  studies 
were  carried  on  almost  to  the  day  of  his  death.  The 
collection  of  dried  plants  gradually  accumulated  until 
they  now  stand  at  the  large  number  of  about  22,000 
species  artistically  mounted  and  scientifically  named 
and  arranged.  The  immense  work  which  this  en- 
tailed was  carried  on  simultaneously  with  the  dis- 
charge of  his  official  duties  in  the  Colonial  and  Con- 
sular Services. 

Dr.  Hance's  chief  botanical  work  was  in  descrip- 
tive and  systematic  botany  ;  scarcely  a  month  has 
passed  for  many  years  without  seeing  the  publication 
of  descriptions  of  some  plants  from  China  which 
were  new  to  science,  or  notes  on  others  which  were 
new  to  the  country. 

In  187 1  Dr,  Hance  published  a  supplement  to  the 
Flora  Hongkongensis,  which  was  much  needed,  as 
there  had  been  many  discoveries  in  the  island  subse- 
quent to  the  publication  by  Bentham,  a  decade  be- 
fore, of  the  Flora  Hongkongensis. 

The  first  number  in  1S78  of  the  Journal  of  Botany 
contained  a  paper  from  the  pen  of  this  eminent  author, 
entitled  Spictlegia  Fhr^  Sininsis.  Contributions 
under  this  title  have  been  appearing  since  that  time, 


August  14,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


219 


aod  they  contained  "  Diagnosis  of  New  and  Habitats 
of  Rare  or  hitherto  unrecorded  Chinese  Plants"  to  the 
number  of  633  species.  Dr.  Hance  truly  remarked  in  a 
quotation  from  Miquel  at  the  commencement  of  this 
series  of  papers  that  i— "  Un  pays  sur  lequel  nos 
connaisances  sont  encore  tres-bornees,  et  qui,  sous  le 
point  de  vue  de  la  geographic  botanique  et  des  ques- 
tions qui  s'y  rapportent,  merite  toutenotre  attention." 

In  addition  to  strictly  scientific  and  technical 
work  amongst  other  things,  the  following  papers 
on  subjects  of  economic  and  commercial  importance 
were  produced  : — "On  the  Sources  of  the  Chinese 
Matting  of  Commerce,"  "  On  the  Silkworm  Oaks  of 
Northern  China,"  "On  the  Source  of  Radix  Galangse 
Minoris  of  Pharmacologists,"  "  On  the  So-called 
Olives  of  South  China." 

In  regard  to  his  botanical  work  scarcely  any  one 
can  take  up  and  carry  out  the  precise  lines  on  which 
Dr.  Hance  has  been  for  so  long  usefully  engaged. 

At  the  instance  of  the  Kew  authorities  an  enumera- 
tion of  all  known  Chinese  plants  is  being  compiled. 
I  believe  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  would  have  been  very 
glad  if  Dr.  Hance  could  have  been  induced  to  go  to 
Kew  and  there  undertake  the  direction  of  this  work. 
In  the  report  of  the  meeting  of  the  Linnean  Society  in 
London  on  April  I  of  this  year  this  enumeration  is 
mentioned  as  follows  : — "  The  first  part  nf  a  commu- 
nication of  a  lengthened  and  technical  character, 
entitled  Index  Florae  Sinensis,  or  an  enumeration  of 
all  the  plants  known  from  China  proper,  Formosa, 
and  the  Liuchiu  Islands,  together  with  their  synonymy 
and  distribution,  was  introduced  by  the  authors, 
Messrs.  Francis  B.  Forbes  and  Wm.  B.  Hemsley. " 
I  happened  to  be  present  at  th.it  meeting,  and  was 
very  pleased  to  note  the  high  estimation  in  which  Dr. 
Hance  was  held  by  scientific  men  at  home.  In  this 
work  Dr.  Hance  could  have  rendered  eminent  ser- 
vices. As  it  is,  however,  his  writings  will  be  of  the 
greatest  service  in  the  elaboration  of  the  Index  Flortc 
Sinensis. 

Dr.  Hance  kept  up  frequent  correspondence  with 
the  principal  botanical  establishments  of  the  world, 
and  it  is  few  of  them  which  have  not  benefited  from 
his  generous  donations  of  rare  and  valuable  botanical 
treasures  for  herbaria. 

When  Hong  Kong  began  to  think  (about  a  quarter 
of  a  century  ago)  of  establishing  a  public  garden,  Dr. 
Hance  was  consulted  as  to  the  suitability  of  a  site, 
and  it  was  on  his  recommendation  that  that  was 
chosen  on  which  the  old  portion  of  the  Botanic  Gar- 
dens now  rests. 

Since  the  gardens  began,  in  1S71,  to  assume  a 
scientific  character,  Dr.  Hance's  extensive  and  high 
acquirements  have  always  been  at  our  disposal,  and 
they  have  been  extensively  availed  of  in  botanical 
matters,  a  regular  and  large  correspondence  having 
been  maintained  with  him  on  scientific  subjects  of 
mutual  interest,  which  has  been  greatly  to  the 
advantage  of  the  scientific  work  of  the  Botanical 
Department. 

Dr.  Hance  was  ever  ready  to  furnish  information 
and  help  without  regard  to  the  trouble  it  gave  him- 
self, and  botanists  making  visits  to  his  extensive  her- 
barium and  library  were  sure  to  meet  with  the  greatest 
courtesy  and  hospitality,  and  to  depart  with  a  fund  of 
new  information.  His  death  makes  a  gap  which  will 
not  soon  be  filled,  and  many  will  feel  the  acute  pangs 
of  grief  which  follow  the  lojs  of  a  friend. 

Dr.  Hance  was  buried  at  Hong  Kong,  June  26, 
1886.   C.  Ford,  Hong  Rong. 

Mr.  T.  Chapman. — Lovers  of  the  Carnation 

and  Picotee  will  hear  with  pain  of  the  death  of  Mr. 
Tom  Chapman,  of  Leicester,  who  passed  away  on  the 
1st  inst.,  after  three  weeks  of  grievous  suffering  from 
sunstroke,  aged  27.  He  was  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  the  Oxford  Carnation  and  Picotee  Union, 
and  a  thorough  lover  of  the  fiowers,  Mr.  E.  S.  Dod- 
well  has  named  one  of  his  fine  scarlet-flake  Car- 
nations after  him.  Though  comparatively  young,  he 
had  endeared  himself  to  a  wide  circle  of  friends  by  the 
simplicity  of  his  character  and  his  ingenuous  bearing  : 
and  his  floricultural  brethren  have  to  mourn  the  loss 
of  a  most  promising  florist. 

William  Fletcher. — We  regret  to  record 

the  death,  on  August  9,  of  William  Fletcher,  of 
Ottershaw  Nursery,  Chertsey.  He  had  been  at  the 
above  nursery  for  sixty-two  years,  and  for  the  last 
thirty-three  years  proprietor.  He  was  a  generom 
patron  of  horticulture. 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LOXDO.X, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  August  ii,  1886, 


Hygrome 

trical    De 

Baeometier. 

Temperature  of 
TBE  Air. 

ductions 
from 

Wind. 

Glaisher's 

Tables  7th 

Q 

1  Edition. 

, 

Q 

1 

i 

4 

a 

i 

I2,; 

f^^ 

^ 

^ 

=  &§• 

.0 

=5 

s 

|"5. 

Q 

1 
X 

1 

|,§l 

s-,s 

S 

Q 

si 

Aug. 

In. 

In. 

. 

.0    . 

. 

In. 

S 

29.89 

-fai4|7i.o's2.8 

18.261.0 -  I.I 

52. 2 

74 

S.W. 

0.00 

6 

»9  7S 

+o.o8  7S-o'58oi7o65  2+32 

61,1 

8t 

S.W. 

000 

7 

2978 

+o.03  76.6'58  s'lS  466  7 

+  4  5'6o.4 

So 

S.W. 

000 

S 

2986 

+O.Il'7S.s62,4I3-.67  6 

+  S  6:59  •( 

81 

S.W. 

0,06 

9 

29,8s 

-l-aio69.S|6o.5 

9.564,7 

+  >-6  59  9 

85 

S.W. 

0.00 

.0 

2,8, 

-foo6  63.o'59  0 

4,o'6o,8 

-  ■  2  5S.3 

9" 

S.W. 

0.43 

■■ 

29-77 

+0.02,65.549.6 

iS-9jS6.9 

-  5.346,2 

74 

w.  sw. 

002 

Mean 

29.8. 

+  0.0870957.2 

.3.7|57,6 

+  ..256.9 

81 

S.W. 

OS" 

.\ug.    5. — ^Tlie  day  was  fine  till  tfie  evening,  and  tlie  iky  was 

—  6. — Fine,  but  frequently  cloudy,   sky  deep  blue  after- 

noon ;  fine  night, 

—  7. — Fine    morning,    but    freqUL'ntly  cloudy  and  dull  ; 

afternoon  the  sun  shone  brightly :  fine  night. 

—  8. — Fine,    morning  sky  frequently  covered,    very  htie 

afternoon  :  rain  from  3  to  10  P.  M. 

—  9.— Fine,  but  chiefly  dull  with  gleams  of  sunshine  at 

—  10. — Heavy  rain  in  the  morning,  afterwards  fine  but 

dull. 

—  1 1. — \  very  fine  day  throughout. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure,  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  7,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  29. 78  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29.65  inches  by  9  A  M. 
on  the  2d,  increased  to  30.13  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  4th,  decreased  to  29.93  inches  by  5  P.M.  on 
the  6ih,  and  was  29.97  inches  at  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.96  inches,  being  0.  iS 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.03  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Tetnperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  76^6  on  the  7th ;  on  the  2d 
the  highest  was  69°.2.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  69°..'?. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  49°9,  on 
the  3d  ;  on  the  7th  the  lowest  was  58°-2.  The 
mean    of    the    seven    low   night    temperatures    was 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
i8°7  on  the  3d;  the  smallest  was  6°.7  on  the  2d. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  1S°.7. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  SS^.g  on  the 
1st ;  57°.2  on  the  2d  and  3d  ;  56°.5  on  the  4th  ;  61° 
on  the  5th  ;  65°. 2  on  the  6th  ;  and  66°. 7  on  the 
7th.  These  were  all  below  their  averages,  with  the 
exception  of  6th  and  7th,  which  was  3°.  2,  and 
4°.5  above,  by  3''.4.  5°.I,  5°.,  5°.?,  and  T.I 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  60°.  4, 
being  1°.  i  higher  than  last  week,  and  i°.8  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun, 
was  131°  on  the  7th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  117". 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  two  days  to  the  amount  of 
Q.iS  inch. 

England  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  7,  the  highest  temperatures  were  79°. 6  at 
Cambridge,  76°. 6  at  Blackheath,  and  76°  at  Hull; 
the  highest  at  Preston  was  66^,6,  and  at  Liverpool 
and  Newcastle  68°.  The  general  mean  was  72°. 5. 

The  lowest   temperatures  were  38°,9  at    Wolver- 


hampton, 42°  at  Sheffield  and  Sunderland  ;  the 
lowest  at  Blackheath  was  49°.  9,  at  Liverpool  48°.  2, 
and  at  Brighton  48'.     The  general  mean  was  44°. 7. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Wolverhampton,  35°-^> 
at  Cambridge  35°,  and  at  Hull  33°  ;  the  least  ranges 
were  19°. 8  at  Liverpool,  20°  at   Preston  and  24' 
Newcastle.     The  general  mean  was  27^.8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  72°,  at  Truro  69°.  3,  and  at 
Blackheath,  69°.  2  ;  was  lowest  at  Preston  62 '6,  at 
Liverpool,  63°.4,  and  at  Newcastle ;  63°'6.  The 
general  mean  was  66°.  6. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  53°.  5,  at  Plymouth  53°.  4,  and 
at  Liverpool  53°,3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton 48°,  at  Sunderland  48°. 5,  and  at  Hull  48°,9. 
The  general  mean  was  51°.  2. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
21°. 3,  at  Hull  19°.4,  and  at  Truro  17°. 7  ;  and  was 
least  at  Liverpool,  10°,  i,  at  Preston  10. °9,  and  at 
Newcastle  13°. 6.      The  general  mean  was  I5°.4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath, 
6o°.4,  at  Cambridge  59°. 5,  and  at  Truro  and  Brighton 
58°. 6  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton  54°. 8,  at 
Newcastle  55°,  and  at  Preston  55°.3.  The  general 
mean  was  57'.3. 

Rain, — The  largest  rain  fall  was  0.8r  inch  at 
Newcastle,  0.64  inch  at  Preston,  and  0.49  inch  at 
L;eds  ;  the  smallest  fall  was  0.07  inch  at  Sheffield, 
o.oS  inch  at  Sunderland,  0.09  inch  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, and  0. II  inch  at  Cambridge.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  0.29  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing  August  7,  the  highest  temperature  was  73°  at 
Aberdeen,  the  highest  at  Greenock  was  64°. 5.  The 
general  mean  was  67°.  5. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  36°  at 
Glasgow  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  was  43°.  The  general 
mean  was  40°.  2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Dundee, 
56°.  4  ;  and  lowest  at  Glasgow  53°.  5.  The  general 
mean  was  54°.  S. 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  0.53  inch  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.05  inch  at  Dundee. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.17  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  August  9,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. ; — The  weather  was  generally  fair 
during  the  earlier  part  of  the  period,  but  towards  the 
close  the  sky  became  cloudy  or  overcast,  and  at  most 
of  our  stations  falls  of  rain  occurred. 

The  temperature  has  been  about  equal  to  the  mean 
in  "  England,  N.E,"  "  England,  S.,"  and  "  Ireland, 
S.,"  but  in  the  other  districts  it  has  varied  between 
1°  and  3°  below.  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which 
were  registered  in  most  places  either  on  the  6th  or 
7th,  ranged  from  62°  to  73°  in  Scotland,  from  71°  to 
74°  in  Ireland,  and  over  England  from  68°  in  "  Eng  - 
land,  N.W.,"  to  79°  in  the  "Midland  Counties," 
and  to  81°  in  England,  S."  The  lowest  of  the 
minima  were  recorded  either  on  the  3d  or  4th,  when 
the  thermometer  fell  to  30"  in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  at 
(Wick),  1038°  in  "  Scotland,  E.,"  "  England,  N.W.," 
and  "Ireland,  N.,"  to  between  39°  and  43°  over 
England,  and  to  53°  in  the  "Channel  Islands." 
Towards  the  end  of  the  week  the  nights  were  warm 
and  close,  the  thermometer  at  many  of  our  southern 
stations  not  descending  to  60° ;  at  Hereford  and  in 
London  the  minimum  temperature  during  the  night 
of  the  8th — 9th  was  no  lower  than  63°. 

The  rainfall  has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  all 
districts  except  the  "  Channel  Islands,"  where  a  slight 
excess  is  shown.  Bright  sunshine  has  been  more 
prevalent  than  it  was  last  week  in  the  "  wheat  pro- 
ducing districts,"  but  less  so  in  the  "  grazing  dis- 
tricts." The  percentages  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranged  from  19  in  "  Ireland,  N.,"  to  39  in 
"Scotland,  E.,"  and  "  England,  N.E. ,"  and  to  46 
in  the  "  Channel  Islands," 

Deprfi^iom  observed. — During  the  earlier  part  of 
the  week  the  distribution  of  pressure  over  the  United 
Kingdom  was  anticyclonic  and  the  wind  light  and 
variable  ;  on  the  5^^i  however,  the  barometer  fell 
decidedly  on  our  western  and  northern  coasts,  and 
the  high  pressure  area  moved  southwards.  During 
the  remainder  of  the  period,  small,  shallow  depres- 


220 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLH. 


[August  14,  1886. 


sions  passed  in  an  easterly  direction  over  our  Islands, 
the  wind  became  light  or  moderate  from  between 
southerly  and  westerly,  and  the  weather  cloudy  and 
unsettled. 


"  He  that  gucstioneth  ntitck  slutll  Uam  mttcft." — Bacon. 

Oak  Bark.— Will  you  be  so  Rood  as  to  inform  me 
what  salts  are  in,  or  the  manurial  value  of,  ashes  produced 
from  Oak-bark  tan  burnt  fresh  as  it  comes  from  the  tan- 
yard,  not  heated?  And  will  it  answer  the  same  purpose 
in  a  Vine-border  as  wood-ashes  are  recommended  for, 
and  if  so,  what  quantity  is  it  advisable  to  dress  on  an 
old  border?  An  Old  Subscriber.  [We  have  not  been 
able  to  find  any  published  analysis  of  the  ashes  of  Oak 
bark,  but  as  the  bark  is  known  to  contain  potash  and 
lime,  which  would  remain  in  the  ash,  it  should  have 
similar  manurial  value  to  wood-ashes.  Ed.  1 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Carnations  and  Maidenhair  Ferns  :  5.  T.  If 
the  first-named  are  in  32's  there  is  no  need  to  give 
them  a  shift  now,  as  with  proper  treatment  the  plants 
should  go  well  through  the  blooming  season  ;  but  do 
not  stop  them  any  more.  Standen's  manure  would 
be  suitable  for  these.  Some  of  the  Norwegian  fish- 
manures  might  suit  your  Adiantums,  but  Ferns  gene- 
rally do  not  like  applications  of  manure  unless  in  very 
weak  doses. 

Caterpillar  Eating  Skin  of  Ripe  Grapes. 
W.  H. ,  Stredtham.  The  grub  is  that  of  Tortrix  angus- 
tiorana,  which  eats  the  skin,  and  a  little  of  the  flesti  of 
the  Grape,  and  joins  several  fruits  together  by  a  web. 
The  grub  appears  to  feed  only  on  one  berry,  which 
rots,  and  causes  the  neighbouring  ones  to  decay  also. 
Hand-picking  is  the  only  mode  of  getting  rid  of  the 
pest. 

Cedar  of  Lebanon  :  H.  The  apparent  young  cones 
are  really  the  male  flowers.  Astericus  is  correct.  We 
shall  be  glad  of  the  cones. 

Cucumber  :  Birmingham.  A  case  of  gumming,  due  to 
mischief  at  the  root. 

Errata  :  In  "  Plant  Illustrations,"  &c.,  p.  167,  col.  a, 
Buddleya  Colvillei,  stated  to  be  not  yet  introduced,  is 
incorrect,  the  plant  being  now  in  commerce.  — 
Southampton  show  report,  p.  185,  col.  a,  Mr.  Ward, 
Longford  Castle  Gardens,  obtained  the  2d  prize  for 
eight  varieties  of  Potalos  ;  Messrs.  West  and  O.iford 
being  respectively  3d  and  4th. 

EucHAKis  AND  Vallota  :  F.  P.  The  bulbs  were  in- 
fested with  the  Eucharis  mite. 

Insects  :  G  N.  Your  "  tough-cased  black  pupa;  "  are 
the  cocoons  of  a  moderate-sized  black  parasitic  Ich- 
neumon, which  probably  (from  your  account  of  their 
flying  about  your  Gooseberry  bushes)  are  the  natural 
enemies  of  the  grubs  of  the  Gooseberry  sawfly  Do 
not  destroy  them.  /.  O.    IV. 

Matricaria  :  J.  C.  &•  Sons.  We  do  not  see  in  the 
specimen  as  it  reached  us  much  difference  from  the 
now  common  form. 

Names  of  Plants  :  C.  E.  F.  Cystopteris  alpina.— 
W.  Little.  Stanhopea  insignis.— H^.  .S.  C.  D.  i 
and  2,  not  known  ;  3,  Verbascum  nigrum  ;  4.  V. 
Lychnitis  ;  5.  Myosotis  azorica  ;  6,  Calceolaria  am- 
plexicaulis. — J.  Hill.  Grisehnia  httoralis. —  W.H.  H. 

1,  Retinospora  dubia  ;  2,  not  recognised  ;  3,  Thuia, 
or  Thuiopsis  Standishii  ;  4,  Athrotaxis  cupressoides  ; 
5,  Abies  Pattoniana  ;  6,  Podocarpus  chilensis  ;  7, 
Viburnum  Lantana  ;  8,  Virgilia  lutea  ;  9,  Cercis  Sili- 
quastrum.— /",  /.  Pleopeltis  pustulata.— W.  Smytlu. 
The  Currant  is  like  Shilling's  White.— A".  B.  Salvia 
sclarea. — A.  B.  i,  Colutea  arborescens  ;  2,  Mars- 
denia  erecta  ;  3,  Santohna  chamaecyparissus  ;  4, 
Pittosporum  tenuifoUum.—  W.  S.  C.  T.  i,  Gen- 
tiana,  specimen  insufficient ;    2,    Dicentra  formosa  ; 

3,  Balsamita  grandiflora ;  4.  Sedum  rhodiola  ;  5, 
Campanula,  species  we  are  unable  to  name ;  6, 
Campanula  rapunculoides. — J .  M.  Quercus  imbri- 
caria  (North  America).— C.  E.  F.  Lastrea  spinulosa 
(true).— S.,  Lamorran.  Varieties  of  Cattleya  inter- 
media, the  finer  being  the  var.  C.  Loddigesi.— Cu/w/hk/ 
Reader.    1,  not  recognised  ;    2,  Malope  grandiflora  ; 

2,  Hypericum  hircinum  ;    3.    Hypericum  calycinum  ; 

4,  Olearia  Haastii  ;  5.  CEnothera  macrocarpa. — Bir- 
mingham. Rhus  cotinus,  the  wig  plant. 

Officier  d'Academie  :  C.  This  has  nothing  to  do 
with  the  Academy  of  Science,  as  you  suppose,  but  is 
a  distinction  conferred  by  the  French  Minister  of 
Public  Instruction  on  those  who  have  rendered  service 
to  literature,  science,  or  fine  art.  After  eight  years 
the  "  officer  "  may  be  promoted  to  the  grade  of  "  In- 
specteur  d'Universit^,"  when  he  is  entitled  to  wear  a 
ribbon  with  gold  Palm  leaves,  instead  of  silver,  as 
before.  That  is  all  we  can  tell  you.  We  do  not 
know  it  it  has  ever  been  conferred  on  an  Englishman. 

To.\iATOS  FOR  Winter  Use  Whole  :  B.  A.  They 
may  be  kept  in  weak  brine,  keeping  them  under  the 
surface  by  means  of  a  floating  piepe  of  board  weighted 
with  a  stone.  Keep  the  scum  thtl  will  appear  wiped 
away  once  a  week. 

Variegation  of  Leaves  of  Saxifraga  sakmen- 
TOSA  :  A.  B.  It  is  not  known  by  what  means  the 
foliage  of  this  plant  became  variegated,  and  there  is 
no  known    method    of    producing  variegation     with 


certainty.  Poorness  in  the  soil  will  bring  it  about, 
but  not  always,  and  great  richness  will  cause  variega- 
tion to  partially  disappear. 

Varieties  of  .Adiantum  :  T.  F.  Both  forms  of  A. 
cuneatum.  No.  r  rather  more  cut  or  lobed  than  usual. 

Water  Weed  .  J.  H.  A  species  of  Conferva,  or 
Water-silk.  Rake  it  out,  or  turn  in  some  swans.  If 
these  methods  fail,  there  will  be  nothing  left  but  to 
empty  the  lake,  and  let  it  remain  dry  for  some  months. 

i^-  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Oflice  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Ofliice,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

W,  CuTBUSH  &  Son,  Highgate,  London,  N.— Flower- 
ing Bulbs,  &c. 

Carter,  Page  &  Co.,  53,  London  Wall,  London,  E.C. 
—Dutch  Bulbs,  &c. 

Louis  de  Smet.  Ledeberg-lez-Gand,  Belgium— Supple- 
ment to  General  Catalogue  of  Plants. 

F.  and  a.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Upton  Nurseries.  Chester 
— Dutch  Flower  Roots,  &c. 

William  Shand,  New  Street,  Lancaster  —  Dutch 
Bulbs,  &c. 

Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co.,  4,  Quai  de  la  Megisserie, 
Paris— Flowering  Bulbs,  &c. 

Eugene  Vervaet-de-Vos,  Sueynaerde,  near  Ghent 
— Indian  Azaleas. 

Waite,  Nash  &  Co.,  79,  Southwark  Street,  London, 
S.E. — Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Flower  Roots. 

Little  &  Ballantyne,  Carlisle— Flowering  Roots, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  &c. 

Eugen  Schniter,  Engineer,  Zurich — Apparatus  for 
Drying  Fruit. 

Dickson  &  Robinson,  12.  Old  Millgate,  Manchester 
— Hyacinths  and  other  Bulbs. 


Communications  Received  :-H.  Cannell  &  Sons.— J.  D.-iv 
son.-J.  B.— M.  D.-C.  E.  F.— A  Scotiman.-E.  W.  B.- 
H.  E.— A.  Herringwn.-T.  B.— O.  O.  W -Hurst  &  Son.- 
B.  T.  L.-H.  S.-W.  Bull. -P.  L.  S.-Canon  E  (man 
thanks). -E.  Rodigas,  Gfient. -F.  W.— Sullon  &  Sons.- 
N.  E.  B. 


larhets. 


COVENT    GARDEN,    August    12, 
Business  much  quieter  this  week,  with  prices  lower 
again.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Cherries,  %-ixs 

Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Filberts,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  case     . . 

Vbg 


30-8. 


[8  0-36  < 


Melons,  e.ich  . .    i  o     20 

Peaches,  per  dozen...  2  0-1=  o 
Pears,  per  dozen  ..  .0-16 
Pine-apples.  Eng.,  lb.  20-30 
—  St.  Michael,  each  26-80 
Strawberries,  per  lb,  03-09 


—Average  Retail  Pr 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  4  o-  . 
Asparagus.  Eng.,  100  20-5 
Beaiis,  Kidney,  lb...  o  8-  .. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-2 
Carrots,  per  bunch  ,.06-. 
Cauliflowers. perdoz.  3  o-  . 
Celery,  per  bundle..  16-2 
Cucumbers,  each  ..06-1 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..10-2 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  04-  ., 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  ,. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,  i  o-  i 
Mintj  green,    bunch  04-., 

POTATOS :  — Jersey  best  Kidneys,  6s.  ;  do.  Ro 

Kidneys,  ^s.  to  ds.  :  do.  Rounds,  45,  per 


Mushrooms,  punnet  i 
Mustard  and  Cress. do.c 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3 
Potatos,  per  cwt-  . .  4 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  ^ 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  a 
Spinach,  per  bushel  5 
Sprue  Asparagus,  per 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  a 
Turnips,  bunch  . .  c 
Veget.    Mar.,  each.,  o 

ds,  41 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

:.  d.  s.  d- 


,  E)er  dozen.. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Balsams,  per  dozen  30  60 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  , .  12  0-18  o 
Calceol-Trias,  pei  doz.  40-80 
Cockscombs,  dozen  i  o-  6  o 
Cype 
Dracaena 

per  dozen  . .  . .  30  a-60  0 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

Evergreens, 

per  dozen  . 
Ficus  elastica 


,  dozen  4  o-iS  o 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  dozen  , .  30-61 
Hydrangeas,  doz,  ..  6  0-12  < 
Lilies,  invar.,  doz. .  .12  0-30  t 
Lobelias,  per  dozen  30-41 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-12  ( 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  o-  6  ( 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  < 
Nasturtiums,  dozen  30-61 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  t 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  0-12  1 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  30-61 
Petunias,  dozen  ..  2  o-  6  ( 
Rhodanthes, dozen..  6  o-  9  c 


Flowers.— A vbragb  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  blooms  .. 
Bouvardias.  per  bun. 


bunches     ..  ..20-40 

Eucharis,    per  dozen  26-40 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  20-40 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  20-40 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  10-20 
Heliotrope,  i>  spr.  06-.. 
Jasmine,  while,  bun.  06-09 


Lapageria, 
Lavender,  12  bun. 
Lilium  candidum, 
blooms 


Lilium     longifl. 

Marguerites,  is 
Mignonette,  12 
Pansies.    12  buiicli 
Pelargoniums,  p«i 


Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  2 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o 

—  red,  per  dozen  , .  o 

—  outdoor.  12  bun.  2 
Stephanotis,  12  spys.  i 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  i 
Sweet  Sultan,  i2bun.  3 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun.  1 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o 


0-60 
6-30 
6-30 


SEEDS, 

London  :  August  11.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  y],  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  write  that 
nothing  of  importance  transpired  to-day  in  connection 
with  the  trade  for  farm  seeds.  There  is  a  good  trade 
passing  in  sowing  white  Mustard,  which  firmly  main- 
tains the  late  advance,  supplies  being  now  reduced  to 
very  narrow  limits.  New  English  Trifolium  incarnatum 
sells  freely  at  Monday's  quotations.  The  demand  is 
now  increasing  daily,  both  lor  the  early  and  late  varieties. 
Italian  Rye-grass,  owing  to  the  low  prices  at  which  it  is 
being  offered,  is  attracting  the  attention  of  speculators. 
Hemp  and  Canary  seed  have  a  very  dragging  sale  at 
the  remarkably  cheap  rates  previously  reported.  White 
Millet  is  in  rather  better  request.  There  is  not  much 
doing  in  feeding  Linseed. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane  :  Au^g. — The  market  opened  to-day 
with  holders  of  English  and  Australian  Wheat  asking 
6d.  advance,  but  it  was  not  currently  obtained,  and  the 
business  done  was  at  the  extreme  prices  of  last  week. 
English  prime  white  Wheat  ranged  up  to  36i.  and  in 
some  cases  361.  bd. ,  and  red  up  to  35T.  American  flour  at 
about  igs.  to  20^.  suitable  for  milling,  met  some  inquiry 
from  country  millers  ;  but,  apart  from  this,  the  market 
was  dull  and  unaltered.  Receipts  of  Barley  continue 
small,  and  prices  steady,  with  a  moderate  trade.  Beans 
and  Peas  were  6d.  dearer  on  the  fornight.  Canadian 
White  Peas,  27J.  to  275.  6d.  Swedish  Oats  were  rather 
dearer  from  scarcity.  Russian  in  large  supply  but  firm. 
Business  in  Wheat  opened  firm,  but  very  quiet,  and 
finishing  dull.  Flour  was  dull,  but  for  most  descriptions 
except  American,  prices  had  a  firm  bearing.  Barley 
Beans,  and  Peas  were  firm,  but  quiet.  Oats  were  firm 
at  Monday's  rates. 

Average  prices  o\  corn  for  the  week  ending  August  7  : 
—Wheat,  31J.  StiT.;  Barley,  Z2s.  io</.  ;Oats,  21J.  2d.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  33^.  6d.  ; 
Barley,  27J.  xid.\  Oats,  zy.  6d. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London):  Aueust  11  —Moderate 
supplies;  prices  fair.  Quotations: — Apples,  -zs.  6d.  to 
6s.  per  bushel  ;  Pears.  2J.  to  5;.  do.  ;  Green  Gages, 
2J.  6d.  to  3J.  6d.  per  hslf  sieve  ;  Egg  Plums,  2i.  to  3J. 
do.  ;  Cabbages,  izs.  6d.  to  41.  per  tally  ;  Peas.  is.  to 
2S.  6d.  per  sack  ;  Scarlet  Beans,  2r.  to  zs.  gd.  do. ;  French 
do..  IS.  gd.  to  2r.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  bunch  Greens,  3^.  to  5^^. 
per  tally  ;  do.  Turnips,  zs.  per  dozen  ;  do.  Carrots, 
IS.  ^d.  to  zs.  do.;  do.  Onions,  zs.  6d.  to  31.  do.;  do. 
Parsley,  zs.  to  zs.  6'.  do.  ;  do.  Mint,  is.  6d.  to  zs.  do. 

Stratford  :  August  10. — The  market  has  been  well 
supplied,  and  a  fair  trade  was  transacted  at  the  under- 
mentioned prices  : — Cabbages,  is.  6d.  to  zs.  per  tally  ; 
Broccoli.  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Carrots,  household,  is.  6d.  to 
zs.  do.  ;  Onions,  zs.  6d.  to  35.  per  dozen  bunches ; 
Apples,  3J.  6d.  to  51.  per  bushel  ;  Peas.  4.1.  to  41.  6d.  per 
bag  ;  Scarlet  Runners,  zs.  to  zs.  6d.  do. :  do.  is.  to  is.  6d. 
per  sieve  ;  Marrows,  zs.  6d.  to  $s,  per  tally  ;  Plums, 
zs.  6d.  to  y.  6d.  per  half-barrel  ;  Green  Gages,  zs.  to  $s. 
per  flat. 

POTATOS, 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Aug.  lo. — Full  sup- 
plies, excepting  best  kidneys,  which  are  rather  scarce  and 
firm  ;  other  sorts  have  a  drooping  tendency.  Quota- 
tions ; — Hebrons,  4s.  to  $s.  ;  Early  Roses.  3J.  3</.  to4J.  ; 
Kent  and  Essex  Regents,  4s.  6d.  to  5s.  6d.  ;  jersey  and 
French  flukes,  51.  6d.  to  6s.  ;  French  rounds,  4s.  to  5J. 
per  cwt. 

Columbia  {East  London)  :  Aug.  11. — Large  quan- 
tities continue  to  arrive,  and  meet  with  a  fair  sale  at  the 
following  quotations  : — Magnums,  805.  togoj.  ;  Regents, 
805.  to  85J,  ;  Victorias,  655.  to  8o.f.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Aug.  10. — Quotations  :— Kidneys,  gos. 
to  looj.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  90J.  to  looi.  ;  Roses,  701. 
to  755.  ;  Rounds,  705.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  Imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  200  bags  from  Rotterdam.  50  bags  30  tons  from 
Cherbourg,  and  49  tons  from  Barfleur. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Aug  10. —  Trade  dull,  with  large 
supplies,  and  a  drooping  tendency  all  round  Quota- 
tions :  —  Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  in8s.  ;  inferior,  70J.  to 
85.^.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  gzs.  ;  inferior,  45J.  to  651.  ; 
and  straw,  26s.  to  37J.  per  load. 

Aug.  12. — A  fair  supply  was  on  offer.  The  trade  was 
dull  at  previous  prices. 

Cumberland  {Regent's  Park) :  Aug.  lo  — A  plentiful 
supply,  with  a  still  drooping  trade.  Quotations  : — 
Clover,  best,  90;.  to  103.^.  ;  seconds,  75^.  to  851.  ;  hay, 
best,  84J.  to  941.  ;  seconds,  701.  to  Bos.  ;  and  straw,  30J. 
to  36J.  per  load. 

Stratford:  Aug.  10. — Quotations  :— Hay,  80s.  to 
lOos.  ;  Clover,  9oi.  to  iioj.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  35^.  per 
load. 

Qovemment  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  loij  to  ioi|  for  both  delivery  and  the 
account.  Wednesday's  figures  were  iqi\  to  ioi|  for  both 
transactions.  Thursday's  final  quotations  were  ioi|  to 
loii  for  delivery,  and  ioii\  to  loi^j,  for  the  account. 


August  14,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


221 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

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HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


Special  attention  is  given  to  the  following  subjects  :- 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

Original  Ilhistrations  by 


FLOWER  GARDENS. 
FORCING.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 

W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,   W. 


MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 

G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  IV. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VINES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

7.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


ADLAM(H.).  Natal 

ANDERSON  (J.) 

ANDR     (E.),  Paris 
ANTOINE  (F.),  the  late,  Vienna 

ATKINS  (J.)         

.\USrEN    O.),     Witley     Court 

BACKHOUSE  (T.V,  York 
BADEN-POWELL  (H.; 
BADGER  (E.W.) 
BAILLIE  (W.  M.),   Luton  Hoo 

Gardens  

HAINES  (T.)        

BAKER  (G.)         

BAKER  (J.  G.).  F.RS 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor)  . 

BALL(J.),  F.R.S 

BANCROFT  (G.),  M.D, 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswlck     .. 
BAXTER    (W.     H.),     Botanic 

Gardens,  Oxford 
BEnERINCK,Dr.,Wagc-.:.,gen 
BENNET  (H.),  M.D.,  Mentone 
BENNETT  (A.  W.) 
BENNETT  (G  ),  M  D.,  Sydney 
BENTHAM  (the  late  G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E,),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEY(Rev.  MJ.),F.R.S. 
BLACKMORE  (R.  D.) . . 
BLAIR  (T.),  Shrubland  Gardens 
BOISSIER  (E.),  the  late,  Geneva 
BONAVIA(Dr.),  N.  W.  P.  India 
BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J.  T.) 
BOULGER(G.  S.),  F.L.S.       .. 
BOYLE  (Hon.  Mis.  E.  V.) 
BRADSHAW   (A.).  Waddesdon 

BRIGHT  (the  late'  H.  A.) 
BRITTEN  0)i  British  Museum 
BROWN  (N.  E.),  Kew  .. 
BULLEN  (R.),  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow 
BURBIDGE    (F.   W.),   Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
BURVENICH  (Fr.),  Ghent      . . 
CARMICHAEL     iC.    A.     M.), 

Henley-in-Arden 
CARUEL(Professor),  Florence.. 
CASPARY(Prof.),  Kojnigsberg. . 

CHALLIS(T) 

CHITrV(W.),  Pewsey  .. 
CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       .. 
CLARKE  (C.  B.),  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD(T.  S.),  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (\V.),  Eastnor  Castle 

COOKE(m!'c.)  .'.'  .'.'  '.'. 
COOMBERU  ),  The  Hendre  .. 
C00MBER(W.),  Regent's  Park 
COOPER  (Sir  DAN.,  Bart.)  . . 
CORNU  (Professor  M),  Direcior 

of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  Paris 
CORREVON  (H.),  Geneva  .. 
CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H.  H.). . 
CROSSLING  (R.),  Sl   Fagan's 

Castle  Gardens 
DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN  (A.) 

DEAN(R.) 

DECAISNE(thelateProf.),Paris 
DE  CAN DOLLE  (A.),  Geneva. . 
DEHERAIN  (Professor),  Pans. . 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew       

DOD  (Rev.  C.  W.) 
D'OMBRAIN  (Rev.  H.  H.)     .. 
DOUGLAS  0-),  Great  Gcaries, 

llford 

DOWNIE  G).  Edinburgh 
DRUDE  (Professor),  Dresden  . . 

DRUERY(C.) 

DUCHARTRE  (Professor),  Paris 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned :- 


il  Notes. 
Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Garde[iing. 

Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

Forestry. 

Practical  Gardenini. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Alpine  Plants. 
Queensland  Correspondence 
Fruit  i;ulture. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Australian  Correspondence. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Pomology. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Plants. 
Indian  Notes. 
Landscape  Gardening. 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Amateur  Gardening. 

Orchid  Culture. 
Notes    from  a    Lancashire 
Plant  Lore.  [Garden. 

Garden  Botany. 


Garden  Literature. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  (gardening. 
Beekeeping. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Australian  CorrespondenC' 


Practical  Gardening. 
Physiology  of  Plants. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Floriculture. 
Garden  Botany. 
Gaiden  Botany,  &c. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 
Foreign  Correspondenci 

Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Plants. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondenci 

Foreign  CorTespondenc( 


Practical  Gardening. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Chemical  Analyses. 


DUNN(M.).  Dalkeith 
DUTHIE  O-  F.),  Saharunpore.. 
DYER  (BERNARD)      .. 
DYER   (W.     T.    T.),    Director, 

Royal  Gardens.  Kew 

EARLEY(W.) 

EICHLER  (Professor).  Directoi 

Imperial  Bot.  Garden,  Berlin     Foreign  Correspond! 
ELLACOMBE  (Rev.  H.  N).  Gar  en  Botany. 

ELWES  (H.  J.) Garden  Botany. 

ENGELMANN(thelateG.),  St. 

Louis,  U.S.A 

EVANS  (A),  L\the  Hill  Gardens 
EVERSHED(H.) 
EWBANK(Rev.  H.),  Ryde  .. 
FENZI  (Cav.  E.),  Florence  .. 
FINDLAY(B.).  Manchester  .. 
FISH       (D.      T.),       Hardivicke 

Gardens 
FISHER  (Rev.  O,)' 
FITCH  (W.  H.).  F.L.S. 
FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  FR.S. 
FOWLER  (A.),  Castle  Kennedy 

Gardens  

ERASER  (J.),  Kew 

GIBSON  (WM.) Town  Gardening, 


Conifers, 

Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Literature. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondei 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 


Plant  Physiology,  Irids. 


GILBERT  (J.  H.).  F.R.S. 
GLAISHER{J.),  F.R.S. 
GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boitor 
GREEN  (CHARLES)  .. 
GRIEVE(P.),  BurySt.  Edi 
GRINDON(LEO) 
HANBURY(T.),  Mentone 
HART  (J.),  J 


Vegeuble  Chemistry. 
Meteorology. 
Garden  Botany. 
Plant  Culture. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Literature. 
Foreign  Corresponden 
Colonial  Notes. 


HEMSLEY(W.  B.)        ..         ..     Garden  Botany. 

HEMSLEY(A.) Practical  Gardening. 

HENRY(the late  I.  ANDERSON)  Garden  Plants. 
HENRIQUEZ  (Prof.),  Coimbra     Foreign  Correspondenc 
HENSLOW(Rev.  G.)    ..         ..     Vegetable  Physiology. 
HOOKER  (Sir  I.  D.),  K.C.S.I.    Garden  Botany. 
HORNER  (Rev.  F.D.)..         ..     "'    '      '  "■ 
HUDSON     (J.),    Gunnersbury 

Gardens 
IM     THURN      (EVERARD), 

British  Gu' 


Florists'  Flowers. 
r  Gardening. 


MORREN  (Professor),  Lifge    .. 
MORRIS  (D.),  Jamaica.. 
MUELLER  (Baron  Sir  FERD. 

v.),  Melbourne 
MURR.AY(G.).  British  Museum 
MURTON  (H.  J.),  Siam 
NAUDIN  (C),  Antibes  .. 
NELSON  (C.  J.),  Orange  Free 

State      

NICHOLSON  (G.),  Kew 
O'BRIEN  (JAMES) 

O'BRIEN  (T.)       

OLIVER  (Capt.  S.) 
OLIVER  (Prof).  F.R.S. 
OLIVEIRA  (J.  D'),  Oporto      .. 
ORMEROD(Miss) 
P.\GET(Sir  JAMES)     .. 
PAUL  (GEORGE) 

PAUL(WM.)        

PFITZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg .. 

PHILIPS  (W.) Fungi-Plant  Di 

PLANCHON(Prof.),Montpellier     Foreign  Correspond. 


Australian  Plants. 
Plant  Diseases. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Foreign  Correspondenci 

Foreign  Correspondenci 

Arboretum. 

Orchid  Culture. 

Propagation. 

Foreign  Correspondence 

Garden  Botany. 

Foreign  Correspondence 


Floricultu 
Floricultu 
Orckids. 


s  of  Pla 


Fungi— Plant  Dis 
Colonial  Notes. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Orchids. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchids. 

Fruit  Culture, 


PLOWRIGHT  (C.  B). 
PRESTO  (H.),  Trinidad 
PVNAERT(E,),  Ghent  .. 
REGEL  (E,),  St.  Petersburg     . 
REICHENBACH  (Professor)  . 
RICHARDS    (G.    H,),  Somerley 

Gardens     

RIDLEV(H.N.),BritlshMuseun 
RIVERS  (F.).Sawbridgeworth. 

ROBERTS  (J.) Practical  Gardening. 

ROBINSON  0-  F.)        ..         ..     Bees. 

RODIG  AS  (E.),  Ghent    ..  ..      Foreign  Correspondence. 

ROLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,.     Garden  Botany. 

RUSTy.) Practical  Gardening. 

SARGEANT(C.  W,),  Boston  ..     American  Correspondence. 

SAUL  (M.),  York Practical  Gardening. 

SCHOMBURGK(Dr,).  Adelaide    Colonial  Notes. 
SHEPPARD    CJ.),    Wolveriton 

SIEMENS(thelateSirW.')F.R.s! 
SMEE(A.  H,),  Wallington 


lial  Notes. 


INGRAM  fW.),  Belvoir  Gardens    Practical  Gardening. 

r  Af^i^c-ixr /T   nv   ....... kt  Economic  Botany. 

Foreign  Corresponden 
Garden  Architecture. 


tanic  Garden,  Calcutt 
KNIGHT  (H.)      .. 
KOLB  (MAX).  Munich  . 
KRELAGE(E.  H.),  Ha; 
LANGE(Prof.),  Copenhagen 


Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  CJardening. 
Foreign  (Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 


LAVALLfeE  (the  late  ALPH.')', 

Paris       . .  . .  . .  . .  Garden  Botany. 

LAWRENCE   (Sir  TREVOR), 

President  Royal  Hort.  Soc, , ,  Orchids. 
LEICHTLIN    (MAX),     Baden 

Baden Garden  Plants. 

LOWNE,  (B.  T.),  F.R.C.S.      ..  Amateur  Gardening. 
LYNCH     (R,     I.),     Cambridge 

Botanic  Garden  . .         . .  Garden  Botany. 

MACLACHLAN(R.),  F,R..S.  ..  Insects. 

MACOWAN  (Prof.),  Cane  Town  Colonial  Notes. 

MANGLES{thelate  J,IL),  F.L.S,  Rhododendrons. 

MARIES(C,)        Japan  Plants. 

MAW  (G.),  F.L.S Crocus-Garden  Plant' 

MEEHAN  (T.),  Philadelphia    ..  .-American  Corresponde 
MELVILLE     (D,),      Dunrobin 

Gardens  Practical  Gardening. 

MICHAEL  (A.  D.) Garden  Insects. 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

Banff     . .  . .  . ,  . .  Forestry. 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

Gardens Practical  Gardening. 

MILLER  (W,),  Combe  Abbey. .  Practical  Gardening. 
MONTEIRO  (Chev.)  Lisbon    ..  Foreign  Correspondenc 
MOORE  (F,  W,),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic Garden Practical  Gardening. 


Practical  Gardening. 
Electric  Light, 
Practical  Gard  ning. 
Illustrations- Fungi. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondeni 


SMITH  (W.G,),  F.L.S,. 
SMITH  (T.),  New  Zealand       . 
SMITH  (J,),  Mentmore  Garden: 
SORAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau     . 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens 
STRICKLAND  (Sir  C.) 
SURINGAR  (Professor),  Leydei 
SWAN    fW.),    Howick    House 

Preston Orchid  Culture. 

SYME  (G.),  Jamaica        ..  ..     Colonial  Notes. 

THOMAS  (O.).  Chatsworth  Gds.     Practical  Gardening. 
THOMSON  (W.),  Clovenfords,,     '" 
THURBER  (G),  New  York     . . 
TODARO  (Baron),  Palermo       .. 
TRIMEN(H.),  (ieylon  .. 

VEITCH(H,)        

VILMORIN(H),  Paris,. 
WALLIS  0.).  Keele  Gardens  . . 
WARD  (H.  W.),  Longford  Castle 

WARD  (MARSHALL)  !i         .'! 
WARINGTON  (R.) 
WATSON  (SERENO),  Boston, 

U,S,A. 

WATSON  (W.),  Kew  .. 
WATT  (Dr.),  Calcutta  .. 
WEBSTER  (J.),  Gordon  Castle 

Garden!  

WEBSTER    (A.     D.),     Penrhyn 

Castle 

WEIR  (H),,  Tunbridge  Wells  .. 
WESTWOOD  (Professor) 
WILDSMITH    (W.),   Heckfield 

CJardens..         Practical  Gardenine 

WILLIS  (J,  W,),  Harpenden    ..     Chemistry. 
WILSON  (G.  F.),  F.R.S.         ..     Lilies,  &c 

WILSON  (D.)       Practical  Gardening. 

WITTM.\CK  (Dr.),  Berlin        ..     Foreign  Correspondenci:. 
WOLKENSTEIN.St,  Petersburg  Foreign  Correspondence. 
With  many  others. 


American  Correspondence. 

Crarden  Botany, 

Colonial  Notes. 

Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 


Practical  Gardening. 


222 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  1886. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINQ. 


Head  Line  cJiar^ed  as  two. 


4  Lines... /o 

5  „     ..     o 


10 

0 

11 

„       ...      0 

12 

,       ...      0 

13 

,       ...      0 

14 

,       ...      0 

Use 

t  across  two  C 

If  set 

across  three 

Page 

Half  Page 

15  Lines. ../o     S     6 

16  , 

17  , 

18  , 

19  , 

20  , 

21  , 

22  , 

23  , 

24  , 

25  , 


0 

9 

0 

9 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

II 

0 

II 

0 

12 

0 

12 

0 

13 

0 

13 

LS,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 
ns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40s. 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IJ.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  ~  Advertiser!  arc  cautioned 
agamst  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  tlte  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  /or  the  current  -week  must  reach  tht  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

Thk  Unitrd  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  £1  3s.  lOd.  : 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  6S. 

Foreign  (excepting   India  and   China) ;    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  for  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  8a.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwoik.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  IS  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  u  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  15.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  E^q.,  The  Ry leys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

■'Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  >our  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  giad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best   thing   known   for  the   preservation   of  all  outdoor   work, 


either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 
CAUTION.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly 

Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 

advertised. 

Every  ca'^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 

Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 

and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill  Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London.  E.G.  ;  and 
116,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


of  15-OZ.   glass  in 
and  all  Miscellaneous 


21-OZ.  Fureiijn  of  the  above  „. 
3ds  and  4thi,  quihties.  always  kept  in  stock 

A  large  stock    of  similar    current   sizes 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber   Glas 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
S4,  St.  John's  Street,  West  SmltMeld,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  aptlicatim.    Quote  Chronicle. 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worn,  Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C, 

VAN    BO.X,    covered,   suitable    for    Market 
Woik  :  weli  made  and  nearly  new.     Piice  Cl,l- 
COWLES,  Woodford  Green,  Essex. 


Eosher's  Garden  Edging  TlleB. 


HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

are    made    in    materials    of    great    durability.      The 

plainer    sorts   are  specially 

suited  for  KITCHEN 

GARDENS,  as  th«y  bar- 

hour   no    Slugs 

take  up  little    1 

once    put    down, 

further    labour  or  expense,  

as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaoe, 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Swne 

very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design.' 

S,^-  ,*°R^"fr  *'"i  ^°-  M^°?f«'-=P.  Upper  Groulid 
Street,  Blackfnars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S  W  ■ 
Kingsland  Road.  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  also 
for  FOXLEVS  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  31.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  eic.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I     L 


V     E     R  SAND, 

e  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 

or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.-Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


SKINNER  &  BOARD,  BHISTOL, 

HORTICULTURE   BUILDERS   k   HOT-WATER   ENGINEERS. 
PATENTEES 

YENETIAN^^ 

FRUIT  k  FLOWER  ^^ 


OPEN 

FOR 

VENTILATION 


It  INVENTIONS  K.\HIBITION.  Kensington. 
WAHMISO  CliuTches,  ConxrvaKria,  etc.,  etc 


:L^ 


llllllllliMqimMl 


Complete  with  Stapinp, 
Gutter,  Coloured  GUss, 
and  Loiighhorough  Hot- 
water  Apparatus,  erected 
within  15  miles  of  London 
Bridge,  or  carriage  paid 
to  any  station  in  England. 
Larger  sizes,  complete 
as  above. 

12  by     8  feet,  £■>&    o     o 

15  hy     9  feet,      35  id    o 

20  by  10  feet,      44  10    o 

25  by  12  feet,      66     o    o 

(Design  Registered.)    GOLD  MEDAL  AWARDED.  1885. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses 

&c..  with  Price-;  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE  * 

SURVEYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Counirv  FREE   OF 

CHARGE.     DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

HORTICULTI " "  - 

Wilham  Stree 


[LONDON     BRIDGE. 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornh.ll,  London. 

Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation    paid    for     it2,ooo    Accidents,    ^2,215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply   to   the  Clerks  at    the  Railway   Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Kotel  Buildings,  W  C  • 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Seaetary. 


BOXES  (LightWood  Boxes).— The  cheapest, 
strongest,  and  best  ;  suitable  for  packing  Flowers,  Plants, 
Fruit,  and  all  kinds  of  articles  for  transmission  by  post  or  rail. 
Samples  and  price  li,t  six  stamps.     All  sons  and  sizes  of  Boxes 
made  to  order.   Propagating  Trays,  15  by  9  by  aj^,  I2f.  pergross, 
T.  CASBON,  Box  Maker,  Milllield  Works,  Peterborough. 

Wood. 

THE  GENERAL  WOOD  COMPANY, 
Swedish  Wharf,  High  Street,  Peckham,  London,  S.E 
Supply  all  descriptions  of  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES,  Manufactured  DOORS,  FLOORING 
MOULDINGS,  SASHBARS,  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 
Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 

W.    H.    LASGELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW.    LONDON,    B.O. 


W.  H.  LASGELLES  and  CO.  wdl  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

_     t2i,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


RICHARDSON'S 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Esttinaies  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


WANTED,  aWORKING  GARDENER,  in 
ihe  Country,  where  ihere  is  only  a  Greenhouse  with 
Vines  in  it,  and  Cucumber  Frames.  The  family  are  generally 
in  residence  from  middle  of  July  to  middle  of  October,  during 
which  a  full  supply  of  Vegetables.  Fruit  and  Flowers  are  re- 
quired. Assistance  given  while  family  at  home,  and  at  other 
times  when  required.  An  honest  active  married  man,  age  30  to 
40,  who  can  have  a  personal  character  for  efficiency  and 
sobriety  from  a  single-handed  place.— Apply  by  letter  to  Z.,  o, 
HalkiD  Street  West,  London. 


Adgust  I4f  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


223 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  WORKING 
GARDENER.  Must  thoroughly  understand  Orchard 
Houses  and  Vineries,  and  have  a  good  general  knowledge  of 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Three  under  him.  Wife  to  attend 
to  Poultry.  Cctlage. — State  full  particulars  with  wages  re- 
quired, 10  A.  A.  VVtbTON.Ejq.,  Holme  Grange.  Wokingham. 

ANTED,  a  very  good  GARDENER,  who 

understands  Glass.  Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Early 
and  Late  forcing  ;  assistance  given.  Married  — Kevd.  J.  L. 
ERRINGTON,  Mideham  Vicarag>.  Reading. 


Gardener  and  Wife. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  respectable,  and 
trustworthy  MAN  and  WIKE,  with  no  encumbrances. 
Man  mu-<t  be  a  good  Gardener,  active  and  handy,  and  willing  to 
make  himself  useful.  Must  understand  Glass  and  Turf,  and  be 
ab'e  to  lake  charge  of  a  rough  Pony  :  Wife  to  perform  House- 
hold Duties  in  a  confiOcntial  position.  No  cooking  required. — 
Full  particulars  as  to  age.  service,  &c.,  to  A.  K.  Z.,  Mr.  C. 
Luir.  BcAseller,  Slough,  Bucks. 

WANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER, 
who  thoroughly  understands  Kitchen  Garden  and 
Pleasure  Grounds,  to  Assist  in  the  Houses  when  required.  The 
highest  reference  as  to  character  and  ability  required. — Address, 
stiting  age  and  wages,  to  H.  THORNBER,  Fair  Lawn, 
Lylham. 

WANTED,  an  energetic  experienced 
WORKING  FOREMAN,  for  a  medium-sized 
Retail  Scotch  Nursery.  Must  be  thoroughly  up  to  Rearing 
Forest  and  Ornaraenlal  Trees  and  Shrubs  :  and  also  Green- 
house, Stove,  and  other  Plants. — State  experience,  age,  and 
wages  expected,  with  house,  to  W.  F.,  Gardcnen'  Chr-onicle 
Office,  <i    Wellington  St.eet,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 
practical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroughly  underst;,nds 
Marliet  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men. 
Highest  references  required. — Apply  in  the  first  instance,  stat- 
ing age.  experience,  salary,  and  full  particulars,  ta  W.  W.  J.  &  S., 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son.  Seed  Merchants,  tsa.  Houndsdilch,  E. 

ANTED,  a  FOREMAN  or  JOURNEY- 

MAN  in  the  Houses,  where  three  are  kept  (good 
Bothy),  in  a  goad  Garden  establishment.  Must  have  a  good 
Bass  Voice  (not  baritone) .  For  information  as  to  wages,  &c., 
with  testimonials  as  to  Musical  capability,  address,  DOVE- 
RIDGE,  72,  Wilson  Street.  Derby. 


WANTED,  for  a  London  Nursery,  a 
thorough  professional  PROPAGATOR,  (or  Her- 
baceous Hardy  Plants  and  Bulbs  ;  also  for  Hard  and  Soft- 
wooded  under  glass.  Must  be  well  deserving  and  practical. — 
Reply  by  letter,  to  G.  G.,  6,  Burdett  Buildings,  Westminster 
Road,  London,  SB. 

WANTh.D,  AT  ONCE,  an  energetic  and 
practical  WORKING  PROPAGATOR  and  GROW- 
ER of  Hard  and  Soft  wooded  Plants  for  Market.  Must  be 
willing  to  make  himself  generally  useful.  As  this  is  for  a  perma- 
nency, none  need  apply  that  cannot  produce  ch.iracter  as  to 
ability  and  sobriety.  A  married  man  preferred.  Wages  to 
commence  with  i,as.  per  week.— JAMES  WINGFIELD, 
Wedmore  Hill  Nur.serv,  Bromley,  Kent.  


WAN  TED,  a  thoroughly  practical  and  in- 
dustrious steady  MAN,  to  grow  Mushrooms  oulsdi 
on  Wright's  principle,  and  Cut  Flowers  for  Ma.ket.  A  perma- 
nent situation  to  a  suitable  man.  Full  particulars  of  experience 
and  references  and  wages.  Good  cottage  near.  — GEO.  WIL' 
LTAMSON.  Blorvmshiiry  I..ane,  Timperley,  near  Manchester. 


WANTED,  a  married  COUPLE,  to  live  in 
a  Cottage  in  a  Nursery  ;  Man  to  attend  to  Fires,  and 
make  himself  geneiaily  useful  ;  Wife  to  Assist  in  House  a  few 
hours  daily.— M.  T. ,  Gardeners'  Chronick  Office,  41,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand,  W.C.     


Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  a  smart  young  MAN,  with  a 
good  practical  knowledge  of  the  combined  Trade,  to 
Travel,  filling  up  his  time  otherwise  when  not  on  i  urney.— 
Address,  stating  age,  experience,  where  at  present  employed, 
salary,  and  all  particulars,  TRAVELLER.  Gardeners'  Chrenicle 


Olfio 


:tand,  W  C. 


WANTED,  BUOK-KEEFER  and  CLERK 
for   Nursery    Office;    must   be   well    recommended. 
Apply,  with 
series,  Ayr. 


IMRIE  AND  COMPANY,  Nu 


WANTED,  a  thoroughly  experienced  young 
LADY,  from  28  to  30,  to  take  charge  of  a  Florist's 
Business  in  a  large  Yorkshire  town.  Must  be  well  up  in 
Boiiquets.  Wreaths,  Sprays,  &c. — State  full  particulars,  salary, 
&c.,  10  G.  W.  J.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Othce,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

WANT    PLACES. 

Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO..  ro8.  High  Street,  Dumfries.  N.B. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS    or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  23S.  High  Holbom.  W.C. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS, 
—John  Downie,  Seed.sman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


TO     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
McIntyre  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existine  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
IIS,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

I  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  rtc;iving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  ard  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  I^ady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.— St.  John  s  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


To  tlie  Nobility  and  Gentry. 

GARDENER     (Head).  —  Married,     four 
children  ;     thoroughly    experienced    in    all    branches.— 
GEORGE  KLLIS,  4,  Peel  Road,  Carlton  Road,  Kilburn,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  36,  married, 
one  child  (aged  8)  ;  leaving  through  place  changing 
hands.  Excellent  references  as  to  character  and  ability. — 
GARDENER.  Chelswonh  Hall.  Insmch,  Suffolk. 

i  ^  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  29  ;  thoroughly 

\-A  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  prolession  ;  has  been  a 
most  successful  Exhibitor.  Over  fuur  years  in  present  place. — 
E.  S.,  13,  Prospect  Place,  Haven  Gr e en.  Ealing,  W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Single;  twelve  years' 
experience  in  production  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vege- 
tables :  Gardening  in  all  branches  ;  good  references. — H. 
GODFREY,  Chalk  Pit  Cottages.  Mickleham.  Doiking. 

/GARDENER   (Head).— Age    35,    married; 

V_-^  thoroughly  experienced  in  Growing  Fruits  and  Flowers 
under  Glass,  and  Management  of  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden. 
Highly  recommended.— SMITH,  Wilderness,  Holbrook, 
Ipswich.  

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept.— Age  28.  married,  no  family  ;  thoroughly 
understands  Siove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Grapes  and  Peaches, 
Cucumbers  and  Melons  ;  also  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden 
Highest  references.— A.  H,,  P.dewell  Lodge,  East  Sheen,  S.W. 


/  ^  ARDENER  (He.\d)  ;  age  39,  married,  no 

VJI  family.  —Messrs,  Lucombk,  Pince  &  Co,  Exeter, 
would  have  great  pleasure  in  rec  ^mmending  a  thoroughly  com- 
petect  man  as  above,  whose  character  and  ability  will  bear  the 

GARDENER  (He\d)  ;  age  39,  married,  no 
family.— The  owner  of  a  lar^e  estate,  where  extensive 
works  have  been  carried  out,  can  confidently  recommend  a 
man  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  every  branch,  and  well  qualified 
to  manage  a  large  establishment  — F.  J.,  2,  Upper  New  Street, 
Three  Bridges,  Sussex 

fZiARDENER   (Head)   ;     Age    29,    married 

VJi  when  suited.  — R.  HiMiKAkD,  The  Gardens,  Rushton 
Hall,  Kettering  li  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man  ;  fifteen  years' 
experience  in  good  establishments.  Excellent  references  from 
past  and  present  employers. 


C ^ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  28.— Mr.  Tegg, 
•^  Bearwood,  Wokingham,  can  with  every  confidence  re- 
commend his  Foreman  —  T.  Stacey  —  to  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiriog  the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  man. 
Fourteen  years'  experience,  nearly  3  years  in  oresent  place; 
previously  in  the  Gardens  of  Blenheim.  Heckfield,  and 
Lockinge, —  For  further  particulars  address  as  above. ^^ 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married  ; 
thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Five  years  ic 
present  situation  Leavine  through  death.  Good  character 
and  references. -GARDENER,  the  Manor  House,  Collier's 
Wood,  Lower  Tooting,  S  W. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING).— Age  35, 
married;  thorough  knowledge  in  all  branches.  Land 
and  Stock  if  reiuired.  five  years'  character.— A.  J  ,  i,  Eliza 
Cottages,  Homerton  Terrace,  South  Hackney,  E. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  33, 
married  ;  understands  the  Cultivation  of  Choice  Flowers 
and  Fruits  under  Glass :  also  Flower.  Fruit,  and  Kitchen  Gar- 
dens. Nine  years  in  present  situation.  Good  character. — 
W.  G..  t6.  Camden  Road,  Blackheath,  S.E. 

(:j.ARDENER  (Head  Working),  &c.— 

V^  A  married  couple  desire  a  situation  in  a  Gentleman's 
establishment,  to  reside  in  the  house— man  as  Head  Woiking 
Gardener  where  others  are  kept ;  Wife  as  Cook,  or  Cook  and 
Housekeeper  ;  understands  Dairy  and  Baking.  Ages  35  and 
33-S, ,  133.  Brixton  Hill.  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married  ;  thoroughly  understands  the  Management  of 
Glasshouses  in  every  department;  also  FloAer  and  Kitchen 
Gardens.  Has  had  sixteen  years' experience  in  large  gardens. 
Good   references —A.  VENN,  The  Vale,  Westcott,    Dorking, 


/^ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

"J  or  more  are  kept. —  Age  35,  married,  three  children 
(youngest  aged  5);  seventeen  years'  practical  experience  in  good 
establishments  ;  nine  years  as  Head.  Good  reference  Irom 
past  and  present  employers. — H.  SAVAGE,  Ad  well  Cottage, 
Tetsworth,  Oxon. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING,  or  good 
Single-handed). — Age  39,  married,  no  family  ;  tho- 
roughly understands  his  duties  ;  is  conversant  with  every  branch 
of  the  profession.  Twenty- four  years'  experience.  Good  refer- 
ences. —  E.  S..  Mentmore  Villa,  Griffith's  Road,  South 
Wimbledon. 


C:j.ARDENER  (Head,  or  Single-handed). 
^     — Married  :    understands   Forcing  Fruit,    Flowers,  and 
Vegetables,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.     Good  refer- 
.  from  present  and  previous  employers.— JAMES   KING, 


Madei 


I  Vale.  Bo 


GARDENER  (Working).— Age  40,  single  ; 
thoroughly  experienced  with  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons, 
and  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.  Twelve  years  in  a  good 
establishment. -R.  W..  3,  Montague  Terrace.  Newbury,  Berks. 


GARDENER(Journevman).— Age  23  ;  nine 
years'  experience,  under  Glass,  Pleasure  Ground  and 
Kitchen  Gardening.  No  objection  to  assist  with  Mowing 
(scythe).  Is  a  total  abstainer  :  can  be  well-recommended. 
Bothy  preferred.— Apply  in  first  instance  to  Mr.  BATTERS, 
The  Gardens.  Gillineham  Hall,  Norfolk,  near  Beccles. 

GARDENER  (S.ingle-h.anded  or  Second). 
—  Age  22  ;  eight  years'  experience  in  Stove  and  Green- 
house Planis  ;  also  F.uit  Growing.  Abstainer.  Good  cha- 
racter.— G.  CUTBUSH,  Wymondham.  Norfolk. 

GARDENER(Single-handed,  or  Second), 
in  Gentleman's  establishment  —Nine  years'  experience  ; 
satisfactory  reasons  for  leaving.  Good  character  and  references. 
—J.  KEMP,  Great  Warley,  Brentwood.  Essex. 

GARDENER   (Under,   in   a    Gentleman's 
garden,  or  Single-handed). — Age  23.     Eleven  years' 
good  character.— G.  W.  BULL,  Houghton,  Huntingdonshire. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  17  ;  can  take 
charge     of     Pony     Trap,     and     Drive     if     required. — - 
FRANCIS  BOURNE.  Perkins  Road,  Birkbeck  Estate.  Ilford. 

^^J.  ARDENER  (Ijnder),  Xna.  large  establiTh- 


(  .^ARDENER    (Under).— Age   21;     seven 

vj  years'  experience.  Good  at  Fruit  and  Flowers.  Left 
through  death.  G)od  references.  — H.  BAZELEY,  Pinkoey's 
Green,  Maidenhead. 


all 


GARDENER  (Under)  in  a  gentleman's 
Garden. — Age  2r  ;  four  years'  good  character.  Used 
to  both  Indoorand  Outdoor  work.— W.  ABBOTT,  Haversham, 
Newport  Pa^nell,  Bucks.  

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
24  :  ten  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can  be  well 
recommended  by  present  and  previous  employers.  Berkshire 
preferred.-C.  SN^VV,  The  Gardens,  Albury  Hall.  Ware.  Herts. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 
establishment. — .^ge  23  ;  nine  and  a  half  years'  experi- 
ence. Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers. — 
A.  SMITH,  The  Gardens.  Brambllye,  East  Grinstead. 

FOREMAN  ;  age  28.— W.  Davis  wishes  to 
engage  as  above.  Fourteen  years'  practical  experience 
in  all  branches.  Can  be  highly  recommended. — G.  HAW- 
KINS,  New  Road.  High  Barnet,  Herts. 

ipOREMAN,    in     the     Houses,    in    a 
establishment. — Age    25  :    ten    years'    experience 
branches.        Good    references.  —  W,  L. ,     Duxmore,    Onibury, 
Craven  Arms,  Salop. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
27;  frfteen  years' experience  in  good  gardens  ;  can  be  well 
recommended.  London  district  preferred.  Please  state  par- 
ticulars.— H.  T..  Gardeners  Chronicle  Office.  4r,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

Ij^OREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR  and 
grower  of  Soft-wooded  Stuff— Age  24,  married; 
three  years'  good  character.  Ten  years'  experience. — T. 
DEAN,  Mill  Lane.  Liscard.  Cheshire. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age   23 ;   nine   years'  experience.     Can    be    well    recom- 
mended  — H.  CRUOKS,  Holloway.  near  Cromford.  Derby. 

TOURNEYiMAN,  in  Small    Nursery,    Inside 

O  and  Out.— Well  up  in  Wreaths  and  Sprays.— W.  HART- 
LAND,  Mrs.  Wall,  Tower  Street,  Dudley. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  Houses,  where  more  are 
kept —Age  20  :  three  years  in  last  place.— D.  MINNS, 
High  Leigh.  Hoddesdon. 

IMPROVER.— Age     l6  ;     eighteen    months' 
experience  as  Propagator. — J.  BARBER,  24,  York  Road, 
Tunbridge  Wells. 

Seeds  and  Bulbs. 

IMPROVER. — Two  and  a  half  years'  experi- 
ence. Total  abstainer.— J.  T.,  "  Borrowdale,"  York  Koad, 
Bournemouth. 

IMPROVER;  age  i8.— Mr.  Mitchell  can 
highly  recommend  W.  Maxfield  ;  has  worked  here  in 
Houses  and  Flower  Garden  this  last  ihirteen  months.— Abera- 
man  Gardens.  Aberdare. 

'~VO  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  by  a  re- 
-L  spectable  youth  (age  17)  situation  in  Garden  ;  has  been  ■ 
used  to  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.  Two  years'  good  cha- 
racter.—R.  NAILOR,  Cheveley,  Newbury. 

O  NOBLEMEN'S  and  GENTLEMEN'S 

GARDENERS.- The  Advertiser  wishes  to  place  his 
nephew  (age  17)  under  a  thorough  practical  man  Would  not 
obiect  to  give  a  small  Premium  — H.  BARNARD,  Chase  Side 
Nursery,  Southgate.  London.  N. 

SSISTANT,  in  the  Houses. — State  wages 

A.  C.  270,  .Soiithwark  Park  Road.  London.  S.E. 


A 


ASSISTANT,  in  the  Houses  of  Gentlemen 
or  Florists. — Age  20  ;  steady  and  industrious.  Eighteen 
months'  experience— twelve  in  Propagating  with  a  large  pro- 
vincial firm. -G.  H.WALL,Aldboroush,  Borobiidge,  near  York. 

MANAGER. — Over  twenty  years'  experience 
in   the    Nursery  and    Seed   Trade.       Good    Landscape 
Gardener.    Excellent  testimonials.— E.  W.,  84,  Cobourg  Sueet, 


s 


HOPMAN    (Head),    or     MANAGER    in 

Retail  Seed  and  Florist  Business. — Fifteen  years'  ex- 
peiience.  Good  references.— C.  D.  MARR,  Messrs.  Hurst  & 
Son,  Houndsdilch,  E.G. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.  — 
Twenty-eight  years'  experience  in  all  branches  ;  thorough 
busiress  tact,  fitst-class  Correspondent,  good  knowledge  of 
Plants;  excellent  references  as  to  general  character  and  capa- 
biUties.— W,,  i8o,  Lambeth  Road,  London,  S.E. 

HOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT. —Age  25  ;  six 

years'  experience  in  Seeds,  Plants,  Flowers,  &c.  Good 
references.— ALPHA.  20.  Prospect  Terrace.  West  Green  Road, 
South  Tottenham,  London. 

URSERY  PACKER.— We  shall  be  pleased 

to  recommend  3  man  as  Bundle  and  Basket  Packer,  who 
has  been  eleven  years  in  our  emcloy.  t^i  any  firm  wanting  a 
strong,  active,  and  neat  packer.— GEO.  BUNYARD  and  CO., 
Maidstone. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTand  PILLS.— 
Rheumatism  and  Gout. — These  purifying  and  soothing 
remedies  demand  the  earnest  attention  of  all  persons  liable  to 
Gout,  Sciatica,  or  other  painful  affections  of  the  Muscles, 
Nerves,  or  Joints.  The  Ointment  should  be  applied  after  the 
affected  parts  have  been  patiently  fomented  with  warm  water, 
when  the  unguent  should  be  diligently  tubbed  upon  the  ad- 
jacent skin,  unless  the  friction  should  cause  pain.  Holloway's 
Pills  should  be  simultaneously  taken  to  reduce  inflammation 
and  to  purify  the  blood.  This  treatment  abates  the  violence, 
and  lessens  the  frequency,  of  Gout,  Rheumatism  and  all  spas- 
modic diseases,  which  spring  from  hereditary  predisposition,  or 
from  any  accidental  weakness  of  consaitution.  This  Ointment 
checks  the  local  mischief.    The  Pills  restore  the  vital  powers. 


224 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  14,  i88€. 


WARNER'S             CELEBRATED 
HYDRAULIC    RAMS.                «.      - 
With  new  and  important  im prove menls.  \         ftiBBil 
For  the  Water  Supply  of  Villages,    Institutions,    Mansions, 
Gardens,  Greenhouses,  Stables,  Fruit  Fieids.^armyards,  Sc^ 


Gold  Medal  awarded  at  C^lc  itta  Fxhibition,  1.83  4 
Made  in  a  variety  of  sizes  to  suit  different  lifib  and  falls  of  water. 
Gives  constant  supply  for  many  years  with  but  little  attention 
and  outlay  beyond  the  first  cost. 

Prices   upon   application,    from   £t\  45. 
COPY  OF  TESTIMONIALS. 

*'  Buxton,  June  23,  1876. 
"  Honoured  Sirs, — In  answer  to  your  letter  this  morning  abcut 
the  Ram,  it  is  working  well,  lifting  ever  12  pints  per  minute,  the 
size  of  supply  pipe  being  1%  inches,  the  length  237  feet,  the  fall 
ir  feet  6  inches,  the  delivery  pipe  being  i  inch  to  the  fountain, 
the  length  of  pipe  1263  feet,  rise  of  pipe  from  ram  to  fountain 
78  feet,  ram  lifting  12  pints  per  minute. 

"  I  remain,  your  obedient  servant, 

"JOS.   MILLARD, 
"  Gardener  to  Sir  Alexander  Acland  Hook." 
'Douglas,  7««^i2.  1879. 
"  Gentlemen.  — Pleasefind  cheque.  .   .   .    I  have  much  pleasure 
in  saying  that  I  was  asking  the  gentleman  the  end  of  last  week 
how  the  Ram  was  working  for  him.     He  said  it  was  working 
well,  and  he  would  not  be  without  it  for  /200. 

"  Yours  truly,  "  ISAAC  MILEURN, 

'  Range  Manufactory,  Strand  Street,  Douglas. 


•Me: 


.  Wan 


'  IVelfotd,  Rugby,  October  23.  1883. 
"  Sirs, — The  Ram  you  have  just  put  up  for  me  gives  me  great 
satisfaction.  With  the  13  gallons  per  minute  supply  it  raises, 
about  600  gallons,  50  feet  (I  think),  in  ten  hours,  and  is  no 
trouble  to  start  working,  I  hope  it  will  continue  to  work  as 
well,  for  it  is  a  great  convenience. 

"  I  remain,  yours  truly,  "JOHN  GEE. 

"  Messrs.  Warner  &  Sons." 

"Oxford,  yanuary  15.  18S6. 
"  Dear  Sirs, — You  will  no  doubt  be  glad  to  learn  that  the 
Ram  you  came  down  to  advise  about  Tor  Shotover  has  been 
fixed,  and  so  far  answers  the  purpose  admirably, 

"Yours.  &c.,  "J.  S.  BROWNING." 

•■  Newton,  Stocksfi€ld-on'T:^7ie,  August  24,  1885. 
'Dear  Sirs, — The  Ram  I  had  from  you  a  short  time  ago  is 
giving  every  satisfaction.     Please  send  the  duplicate  valves  for 
itj  and  oblige,  yours,  &c.,  "JOSEPH  SYMM." 

"  138,  Widemarsh  Street,  Hereford,  September  3,  1885. 
"  Dear  Sirs,— The   Rams  you  supplied  to  me  last  year  give 
every   satisfaction.     I    have  not  heard  of  their  stopping  since 
they  were  fixed. — Yours  faithfully, 

"  ROBERT  BAMFORD." 
'*  Keivedon,  Essex,  Januzry  13,  i886, 
"  Gentlemen.— The  Ram  which  I  fixtd  at  Little  Braxted  Mill 
for  Jas.  Faber,  Esq.,  1  am  pleased  to  say,  gives  great  satisfac- 
tion, and  seems  quite  unaffected  by  the  flood,  working  well 
when  quite  submerged  by  water  and  even  lost  to  sight,  its 
locality  only  indicated  by  the  bubbles  from  the  pulb.e-valve,  and 
notwithstanding  the  heavy  flood  we  have  had  it  has  only 
stopped  once.  It  throws  or  raises  3240  gallons  in  twenty-four 
hours.— Yours  truly,  "JOSEPH  POLLEY." 

JOHN    WARNER   &   SONS, 
Crescent    Foundry,  Cripplegate,   Lordon,  E.G.  *,    and  the^ 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Naze,  Essex. 
To  be  obtained  of  every  Ironmonger  and  Plutnber  J;:,'' 
in,  tJie  Ktn^dojii. 


BOULTON   &   PAUL,    NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With   Powerful  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 

This    implemeat    is     most 
useful   in  large  gardens  ;    is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread- 
er for  distributing  water  or 
^;liquid    manure.      Waterpots 
\;and  pails  can  be  filled  when 
^jthe  spreader  is  not  in  use. 
N    Cash  Price— Carriage  Paid. 
mplete(35galls.)^5'OJ- 


IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No.  66  for  zco  ft.  J^in.  tubine  ..  lor.  (<i. 

No.  67  'or  2:0  ft.  Jain,  tubing  . .  lis.  id. 

No.  68  for  aoo  ft.  JJin.  tubing  . .  15!.  ad. 

Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


Cash  Pkices. 
;all.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
lised  Steel  Tank,  li  izl. 
t  30. gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva* 
I        nised  Steel  Tank,  £1. 
36-galI.   Barrow,    with    Oak 
Tub,  £1  2j.|  .(fiwiorfll 
CATALOGUE   0/  GARDEN    IMPLEMENTS 
ient/ree  on  applica-tion. 

BOULTON    <&    PAUL,     NORWICH. 


GREENHOUSES,    VINERIES,    RANGES,    CONSERVATORIES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c. 

Constructed  with  the  latest  horticultural  improvements  to  the  most  attistic  designs,  of  the  best  materials,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
THE  EFFICIENCY  OF  ALL  WORK,    INCLUDING  BOILERS   AND  HEATING  APPARATUS,  GUARANTEED. 

lUuBtrated  Catalogues,  Designs,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  of  charge. 


HUGHES'  FIRTREE-OIL 


the  superfluou; 
liquid  falling  on  the 
upper  surface 
descending. 
DIRECTIONS 
WITH   EACH. 

HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  for  Glass  Houses, 

fnt,  Inexpensive.    Easily  Applied.    L 
1  then  be  e;tsily  washed  off.     Is.,  post  Is.  3d, 

:;UEA:\I  shading,  9d.  per  box,  per  post  Is. 

HUGHES'   FLORAL  CEMENT  for  fixing  bloom 

in  i'Vzaleas,  Arc,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.  A  great  boon  to  Ilorists  and  all 
lovers  of  Flowers.  Dries  instantly.  Sold  in  bottles,  Is.  and  2s..  Per 
Post,  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'    STYPTIC,  for  preventing  Vines  bleeding  after  P,» g. 

Very  effectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being  wasted.    In  bottles,  1/6  a 
2/6.    Per  post,  3d.  extia. 

HUGHES'    TROPICAL    BEETLE    POWDER,   for   Destroying 

Beetles,  Cockroaches,  Crickets,  Buffs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &c.  Most  effectual  in  Greenhouses,  for  Animals,  and  Bcd-clothinf. 
Price,  Gd.,  Is.,  and  23.  6d.     Per  post,  Zi.  extra. 

A  TREATISE  on   FIR-TREE  OIL  as  an  Insecticide,  and  on  the  Uses  and  Application  of  the  above  Preparations, 
sent  POST  FREE,   on  receipt  of  address,   by 

E.  G.  HUGHES,  Operative  Chemist,  Victoria  Street,  MANCHESTER.  Wholesale  from  all 
the  >London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Merchants,  Wholesale  Druggists,  and 
Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

vineries.  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 
perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.  We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  the  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-Water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 


»  any  part  of  the  Kingdoi 


MODERATE    CHARGES 


Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  heen — 
FIRST-CLASS    WORK. 


THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


Editonal  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  OCBce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Frinted  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  by  iho 
I  the  Office,  «i,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  August  14,  i886.         Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hevwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estatilisijeti  I84i. 


No.  660.— Vol.  XXVI.  {sSf.L}     SATURDAY,  AUGUST  21,  1S86.  \, 


Seneral  ]_    Price  5d. 

spaper.  jPoST-FREE,   sW- 


CONTENTS. 


Agave 

Agricultural     returns     ol 

Great  Britain  for  i836 
Anthurium  Mooreanum 

,,    subulatum  .. 
Apiary,  the 

Apple  Leydeii  Pippin     . . 
Ardisia  japonica  . . 
Baillon's    "  Histoire    dc: 

Plantes" 

Baronhill 

Eochym 

Boiler      competition       al 

Liverpool 
"  Botanical     Magazine," 


the 


Boxwood,  the  Bandina  .. 

Carnations,  diseases  of  . . 

Chinese  plants     .. 

Cyclamen  persicum 

Cypripedium  arietinum 
„     Morganx    .. 

Dahlias,  single,  at  Chel- 
sea Botanic  Garden    . . 

Early  Peaches 

Figs  

Flower  Garden,  the 

Froude's  "  Oceana  " 

Fruii  s  under  glass 

Garden  hose,  preparation 


for 


Herbaceous  border,  the 
Holly  Lodge,  Highgate 
Ingram,   W.,    Mr.,   Pre- 

Inula  glandulosa. . 


Lily,  double  white,  the  .. 
Lime  tree,  a  remarkable 
Liverpool  Exhibition,  the 
Oak,  gigantic,  a  . . 
Odontoglossum,  the  genus 
Orchid  houses,  the 
Pea  Telephone    . . 
Peach  Alexander 
Plant  hybridisation 
Plants  and  their  culture 
Rock    plants    at     Brox- 


Roses  at  Cheshunt 

Hastings  and  St.  Leon- 
ard's Horticultural . . 

National  Carnation  and 
Picotee       (Northern 


Ho 


cultural 
Weston-super  Mare    .. 

Sulphide  of  potassium    . . 

Sweet  Brier  hedge,  a     ., 

Taplow  Court 

Timber,  method  of  pre- 
serving in  Japan 

Trees  and  shrubs 

Weather,  the 

Wood,  improved  method 
of  preserving     . , 

Workmen's  gardens  at 
Highgat. 


Xanthocerai 


.orbifoli: 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Ardisia  japonica 233 

Cypripedium  Morgana; 


SCOTCH    SUBSCBIBBBS    TO 
JVI£    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    reg7ilar!y,    are   particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  PublisJier, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEORAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered.  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


■ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

XX  South  Kensington.  S.W. 

NOTICE  !  —  COMMITTEE  MEETINC;,  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  iia.m.,  io  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
August  54. 

COTTAGER'S  and  ARTIZAN'S    SHOW  of  FRUIT 

and  VEGETABLES. 

N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  120'Clock.  and  the  Public  at  i  o'CIock. 

R     Y     S     T    A     L  PALACE 

ANNUAL    FRUIT    EXHIBITION    and    GRAND 
NATIONAL  DAHLIA  SHOW,  SEPTEMBER  3  and  4. 
Schedules  on  application  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Superintendent,  Crystal  Palace. 

LNWICK        HORTICULTURAL 

and  BOTANICAL  EOCIETV. 
THE  THIRTY-FOURTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of 
FLOWERS,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
FRUITS,  VEGETABLES,  and  BOTANICAL  SPECI- 
MENS, will  be  held  (by  permission  of  His  Grace  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland)  in  Hulne  Park,  on  THURSDAY,  September 
I.  Upwards  of  TWO  HUNDRED  POUNDS,  and  the 
NORTHUMBERLAND  PLATE  or  MONEY,  will  be  offered 
for  competition.  The  Band  of  the  t.'X  Northumberland  Fusi- 
liers, (Mr.  S.  James,  Bandmaster),  by  the  kind  permission  of 
Lieut. -Col.  Earl  Percy,  will  play  a  selection  of  popular  music 
during  the  day.  Exhibitors  are  requested  to  bring  their  pro- 
ductions early  on  the  day  of  the  show,  as  none  will  be  received 
after  the  hour  specified  in  the  Schedule.  Plants,  &c.,  may  be 
conveyed  by  the  Mail  in  the  morning,  from  Newcastle  and  sta- 
tions northwards,  and  Conveyances  will  be  at  Alnwick  Station 
to  convey  them  to  the  Show  Grounds.  Admission  at  half  past 
II  o'clock,  2i.  dd.  ;  half  past  i2  o'  Clock,  ij.  each 

GEO.  SIMPSON,   )    „       <:  „ 
Alnwick,  August,  1886.    JAS.  FERGUSON  /   "°°-  ''°^' 


BATH  AUTUMN  SHOW, 
WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  September  i  and  2. 
Amongst  the  Prizes  offered  are  for  1st.    2d.   3d, 

11  Foliage  Plants £,(>    {.i    {,2 

12  Stove  or  Greenhouse  Plants ;£i2    ^8     C^ 

8  Dishes  of  Fiuit i,T,    t2    Ci 

8  Bunches  of  Grapes,  4  varieties         ..         ..     L^    Li    L^ 

Six  other  Classes  for  Grapes,  in  varieties.    Prizes  in  proporlion. 
Entries  Close  August  z3.      For  Schedules  apply  to 

,4,  Milsom  Street,  Bath.  ^ENJ.  PEARSON,  Sec. 

TVATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 

i>      SOCIETY.  Royal  Aquarium  Westminster,  S.W. 

GRAND     EXHIBITION    of    DAHLIAS,     GLADIOLI, 

Early     CHRYSANTHEMUMS,    &c.,     THURSDAY     and 

FRI  DAY,  September  9  and  10.     Schedules  free  on  application  to 

WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 

Frampton  Park  Nursery,  Hackney.  E 

Revised   Official   "  CHRYSANTHEMUM    CATALOGUE," 

now  ready,  td.  per  Copy. 

LACKPOOL         WINTER 

GARDENS  and  PAVILION. 

GRAND  FLOWER  and  FRUIT  SHOW,  THURSDAY, 
FRIDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  September,  9,  10.  11.  Schedules 
now  ready,  which  may  be  had  of  ..     i..xTt.Tc.    ht 

Winter  Gardens.  Blackpool  ^''-  BINNS,  Manager. 

PARMANNIA   AFRICANA.— Very  useful 

for  winter  flowering.     Eight  larse  Plants,  in  9  and  ii-in. 
pots,  to  part  with  cheap,  to  make  room  for  other  things.    Apply  to 
W.  H.  DIVERS,  Ketion  \\A\.  Stamford. 

Hyaclntlis,  Tulips,  Crocus,  LUles,  &c. 

CG.   VAN   TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland. -Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now   ready,    and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  F.i.rrs,  London,  E.C. 

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  now  offers  an  immense  stock  of 
•  these,  consisting  of  all  the  most  useful  varieties  for  or- 
namental pots,  or  for  growing  on  ;  i6x.  per  100,  cash  with  order. 
D>son's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

F^"  OUR  THOUSA^nITpALMS,  in  Thumbs^, 
four  and  five  leaves,  ^i  \s.  per  loo. 
(Cjathea  aubtraliF,  Latania  borbonica,  Cocos  plumoia, 
Areca  sapida.) 
J.  BAGG,  Hanwell  Nursery.  Middlesex. 

DOUBLE  SOUTH  AFRICAN  TUBE- 
ROSE BULBS.  — First  importations  this  season,  and 
"second  to  none  "  ever  sent  from  Natal.  Send  for  quotations 
to  ihe  Growers'  Agents— 

PERCY  J.  POOL  AND  CO..  4.  Bishopsgate  Street,  E.C. 
See  illustration  of  our  Plantatioa  in  this  Journal  of  July  lo. 

Floral  CommlBslon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oblam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 

SQ  U  E~l"cH  and  barn  ham, 
North  Row.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUl  RE  at  y 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers, &:c. 

SQUELCH        AND        B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 
giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH         AND        BARN  HAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

ISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C., 

are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice 
FRUIT  and  CUT  FLOWERS.  Cash,  with  account  Sales 
daily. 

WANTED,     GERANIUM      CUTTINGS 
of  the  best  leading  bedding  kinds.    State  varieties  and 
lowest  price  per  loo  or  looo,  to 

J.  W.  SILVER,  Nurseryman  and  Florist,  The  Norbury 
Nurseries,  South  Sireatham,  S.W. 

ANTED,    GERANIUM   CUTTINGS— 

Red    Vesuvius    Master  Christine,    Sir   Robt.    Napier, 
Black  Douglas,  Happy  Thought.    State  price  per  100  or  1000  to 
C.  FORD,  Vicirs  Cross  Nurseries.  Chester. 

ANTED,    Large    Flowering    PANSIES, 

listinct  sorts,   to  name.      Stock  roots.      State 


w 


WANTED,  when  ready,  Berried  AUCUBAS 
in  pots,  and  Berried  SKIMMIAS  in  pots  or  out  of 
ground.    Apply,  stating  lowest  price  for  cash,  to 

WILLS    AND    SEGAR,    Royal    Exotic    Nursery,    Onslow 
Crescent.  South  Kensington,  S.W. 


w 


ANTED,      English    APRICOTS. 

State  quantity  and  price  to 
JOHN  COBBAN  and  SON,  Rolherham. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMA  (First- 
class  Certificate).— See  full  description  in  Gardeners' 
Ckronicli,  July  .0. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4.inch  pots,  each,  5J.  and  7r.  61/.  ; 
6  for  2tj.  and  305 

E.   G.    HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale,  London,  W. 


FOR  SALE,   a  large   number  of  specimen 
STOVE    and    GREENHOUSE    PLANTS,    PALMS, 
FERNS,  and  FLOWERING  PLANTS,  at  low  prices  (some 
fine  exhibition  specimens).     Apply, 
JAMES  NOBLE,  Woodbum  Gardens,  Darlington,  Durham. 

DUTCH    BULBS.— First  quality  only.— 
CATALOGUES  may  be  obtained  from 
H.  VAN  DEN  HAAG.  no.  Newineton  Green  Road.  N. 
"  I  have  never  had  better   Bulbs,  and  have  been  able  lo  use 
them  three  years  running.  — 7'/i^£aW(j/'7'iin^vr2'///i?'jG'/irj'(.v(«f. 


CAMELLIA    STOCKS,    fit    for    immediate 
working,  \%s.  per  100,  packed  free  for  cash. 
E.  COOLING,  Derby. 


JOHN  D  O  W  N  I  E  (of  the  late  firm  of 
DowNlH  &  Laird).  144,  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh, 
has  now  issued  his  BULB  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  sent 
Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 

DDRESS-"DOWNIE,"  EDINBURGH. 


NARCISSUS.— All  the   best  varieties  for 
cutting  and  for  every  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  Trade  rfler,  which  miy  be  had  upon  application. 
THOMAS  S.  WARE,    Hale  Farm  Nurseries,   Tottenham, 

R"  OSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  ForeiEn 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  151.  to  36J. 
pir  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Grand    Specimen 

to  18-inch  pois.     Price 


LAPAGERIA    ALBA 
Plants  of  the  best  variety 
fcr  cash,  s  to  8  guineas  each. 

D.  FFOULKES,  Florist,  Newcastle,  Staffordshi  e. 

LEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 

Strong  flowering  Plants  {4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
*'  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  -3.3   each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS",  in  pots,  xs-  6d.,  m.,  lo  2J.6rf. 
each.     The  usual  allowauce  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  JACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 


O 


UR  SPECIAL  LIST  of   ORCHIDS,  No. 

8t,  with  New  CATTLEVAS,  New  EPIDENDRUMS, 
&c.,  is  now  Dublished. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BU  LB  COMPANY.  Colchester. 

OX   EDGING— For  Sale,    looo  yards,    of 
strong  growth.     Apply  to 
S.  LANDRY,  Whilefoid  Gardens,  near  Callington,  Cornwall. 

PALM  (CHAM/EROPS  EXCELSA),  Large 
Specimen.     Reason  for  disposal,  want  of  room. — Further 
particulars,  apply  R.  COX,  Gardener.  Hams  Hall.  Birmingham. 

APAGERIA    ALB  A.— Probably   the 

grandest  and  most  vigorous  Plants  in  the  country  of  the 
best  variety ;  will  cover  wall  or  trellis  in  conservatory  43  feet 
wide  and  20  feet  high-     Price  for  cash,  20  guineas  each. 
D.  FFOULKES,  Florist,  Newcastle,  Staffordshire. 

ARGE       PEACH      and      NECTARINE 

TREES. —Early  Louise.  Hale's  Early,  Gro.'^se  Mig- 
nonne,  &c.,  remarkably  healthy  ;  must  be  disposed  of  in  autumn 
to  give  others  more  room.  Most  of  them  were  moved  last 
autumn,  and  have  since  borne  good  crops,  so  will  move  well, 
and  fill  a  house  at  once.     Call  and  see,  or  write  to 

W.  H.  DIVERS,  Ketion  Hall,  Stamford. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market 

Apply  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park,  Stamford. 


LOVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  ^d- 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Grower,  Driffield. 

QTRAW  BERRIES.— A    Desciiptive 

O     CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-fitee  on  application. 
THOS.  RIVERS  and  SON,  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  HcrU. 


Strawberry  Plants. 

JOHN  ERASER,  of  The  Nurseries,  Lea 
Bridge  Road,  Leyton,  begs  to  announce  that  his  Annual 
Descriptive  LIST  of  Slrawbeny  Plants,  with  instructions  for 
culture  and  other  important  information,  is  now  ready,  and  may 
be  had  on  application. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetaules  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS,  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 
Address,    35,   Wellingtoa   Street,    Straad,    London,    W.C. 


226 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUuriON,  at  his  Great  Rooms  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C., every  MIJNDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all 
Buyers. 

On  view  morninR  of  .Sale,  and  Catalogues  had^ 

Dutch  Bulbs  —Special  Trade  Sale. 
MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY  NEXT. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Centr.il  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Che.ipside,  on  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY  NEXT,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precisely 
each  day,  extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS, 
CROCUSES,  NARCISSUS,  and  other  ROOTS,  from  Holland, 
of  excellent  quality,  specially  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other 
Large  Buyers. 

On  view  morninRs  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

N.B.— The  SALE  for  THURSDAY  NE.XT  will  also  include 

So.ooo    Double   African    TUBEROSES,    and    a    quantity    of 

PALM  SEEDS. 

Clapbam  Park.— Clearance  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  F.  Niemann.  Esq.,  who  is  leaving 
the  residence,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
Clarence  House,  Clarence  Road,  Clapham  Park,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY NEXf,  August  25.  at  I  o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of 
the  choice  S  fOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS.  FERNS. 
PALMS,  fine  specimen  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS,  a  few 
ORCHIDS,  several  FRAMES,  GARDEN  ROLLER,  LAWN 
MOWER,  &c. 

On  view  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  of  Mr.  BROUGH, 
the  Gardener,  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and 
68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Thursday  Next. 
50,000  DOUBLE  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES  grown  by    Mr. 
W.  Risley,  Natal,    and    being  the    first   consignment   this 

M'e'sSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  Instructed  to  include  the  above  in  their  SALE  of 
BU  .BS  for  1  HURbDAY  NEXT,  August  s6,  in  lots  of  looo 
each.  The  Bulbs  will  be  found  to  be  or  the  fits!  quality  and 
well  ripened.  Also  a  quantity  of  PALM  SEEDS  from  Brazil. 
On  view  morning  off  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next.— Coelogyne  For»termaniiil. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  for  FRIDAY  NEXT. 
August  37,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  a  fine  importation  of 
CCELOGYNE  FORSTERMANNII-a  most  magnificent  new 
white  CCF.LOGYNE. 

Full  description  will  be  found  in  Sale  Catalogue. 


Friday  Next 
700  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E,  received  direct. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  their  SALE  on  FRIDAY 
NEXT,  August  27. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale. 
Slday  Next 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  63.  Cheap^ide,  E.C  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  27,  at  hal(-oast  12  o'i_lock  precisely, 
a  grand  and  important  lot  of  Rare  and  Established  ORCHIDS, 
including  many  Specimens  of  the  following  ; 


Cymbidii 


lo. 


,,    Godefroya 

Anguloa  Rucite 

A  splendid  lot  o 

ANDR/E, 


Cattle 


I  ReinecViana,  grand 


yell( 


Ccelogyne  Massangeana 
Vanda  Sanderiana 
Paphinia  Sanderiana 
La:lia  elegans  prxsiata 

.,     anceps,  white  type 
Cattleya  Lawrenceana 
Lycaste  Skinnerii  alba 
flowered  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEX- 
ng  HOULLETIA,  a  splendid 


variety   of  ONCIDIUM    JONE-!IANUM,    with    large    dark 
spots:    a    fine    importation    of    CCELOGYNE     FORSTER- 
M\NNII,    and   many  other    ORCHIDS.      Also    about     700 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR/E  received  ditect. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Citalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchids.- Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud  will  take  place  on  TUES- 
DAY,  August  31,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  receive  notice 
of  entries  as  soon  as  possible. 


npany. 


Preliminary. 

The   Cranston   Nursery   and    Seed     C 

Liquidation.     The  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 

EXTENSIVE  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the 
remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  extending 
over  120  acres  of  ground,  and  which  is  now  in  splendid  con- 
dition, particularly  the  Fruit  Trees. 

Important  to  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  and  the  Trade  contem- 
plating planting  during  the  coming  season. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  the  whole  of  the  Stock  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises 
as  above,  EARLY  IN  OCTOBER.  The  Sale  will  occupy  five 
or  six  days,  and  an  inspection  is  invited  of  the  heamifully 
grown  stock  ;  and  to  convey  some  idea  of  its  extent  the  follow- 
ing items  may  be  mentioned  :  — 

60,000  FRUIT     TREES,     Standard,     Dwarf-trained,     and 
Pyramids. 
,  CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES. 
FOREST  TREES. 
"70,000  CHERRY  and  APPLE  STOCKS. 
100,003  SEEDLING  ASH  and  0/\K. 
200,000  QUIl^K. 
16,000  LAURELS,  7000  AUCUBAS, 
thousands  of  CONIFERS,  & 
Further  particul.irs  will  appear  in  due  course. 

Lee,  S,E.  " 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  HEATHS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sor.s  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
Lee,  S.E  ,  on  TUESDAY,  September  14.  at  11  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, 25,oco  Winter.blooraing  HEATHS,  including  all  the 
well-known  sorts;  many  thousands  of  SOLANUMS.  Single 
and  Double  BOUVARDIAS,  .\DIANTUMS,  PALMS, 
GENISTAS,  &c. 

May  be  viewed,  and   Catalogues  had.  when  ready,  on  the 
Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneeis,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


i3o,c 


English  YE'WS, 


Great  Horticultural  Sale  Week. 

ANNUAL  TRADE  SALES  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 
HEATHS  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   AND    MORRIS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  have  arranged  these 
Annual  Sales  to  lake  place  as  follows  : 

TUF.SDAY,  September  14,  at  the  BURNT  ASH  LANE 
NURSERIES,  LEE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  B.  Mailer 

WEDNESDAY,  September  15.  at  the  LEA  BRIDGE  NUR- 
SERIES, LEYTON,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Fraser. 

THURSDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16,  at  the  BRUNSWICK 
NURSERY,  TO  rTENHAM,  by  order  of  Mr.  John 
Mailer. 

FRIDAY,  September  17,  at  the  LONGLANDS  NUR- 
SERY, SIDCUP,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Gregory  & 
Evans. 

SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  18,  at  the  DYSON'S  LANE 
NURSERY,  EDMONTON,  by  order  of  Mr.   H    B. 
May. 
Catalogues  may  be  had,  when  ready,  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C  and  Levtonstone. 

Preliminary  Notice  of  Forthcoming  Sales 

OF  NURSERY  STOCK 

Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade  intending  to  Plant 

during  the  coming  Season. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE  and   MORRIS 
b-g  to  announce  that    they    have    fixed   the   following 
Sales  :- 

OCTOBER    4     to    8,    at    CRANSTON'S    NURSERIES, 
King's    Acre,    Hereford,    by   order  of    the    Liquidator 
of  The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Company,  Limited. 
OCTOBER   4,  at  the    UPPER  TOOTING   PARK    NUR- 
SERY, Upper  Tooting  Park,  S.W.,  by  order  of  Mr.  C. 

October"^  and  n.  at  the  the  ELVASTON  NURSE- 
RIES, Borrowash,  Derby,  by  Older  of  Messrs.  Barron 
&  Son. 

On  OCTOBER-Two  Days'  Sale  at  the  AMERICAN  NUR- 
SERIES, Leytonstone. 

NOVEMBER  4,  at  the  BOWER  and  LING  NURSERIES, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  Krost  &  Sons. 

urse  of  being  fixed,  and  will  be  announced 


I  future  Adv. 


s  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  63.  Cheap- 


Preliminary  Notice. 
FORTHCOMING  SALES  of   GREENHOUSE   PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  fixed  Sales  as  follows,  in 
addition  to  those  advertised  above  :  — 

THURSDAY,  September  2.- At  the  FLORAL  NURSERY, 
Maidenhe.id,  a  large  quantity  of  GREENHOUSE 
PLAN  IS  in  variety,  and  a  large  collection  of  BEGO- 
NIAS, by  o'der  of  Mr.  Robert  Owen. 

TUESDAY,  September  7  —At  the  NURSERY,  Queen's  Road, 
Buckhurst  Hill,  large  EUCHARIS,  specimen  white 
and  other  CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS,  FERNS. 
&c.,  specially  suitable  to  the  Trade. 

WEDNESDAY.  September  8.— At  ihe  NURSERY,  Beaufort 
Street.  iJhelsea,  the  whole  of  the  stock-in-lrade,  includ- 
ing a  large  quantity  of  specimen  and  other  DECORA- 
TIVE PLANTS,  FERNS,  &c. 

THURSDAY.  September  9.— At  the  EXOTIC  NURSERY, 

Chigwcll,   a    large    quantity    01    BOUVARDIAS    in 

variety;    GARDENIAS,    EUCHARIS,    STEPHA- 

NOTLS,  fine  ROSES.  &c 

Catalogues  will  be  forwarded  on  application.  Central  Auction 

Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68,  Cheapiide.  E.C. 


Nurseries  for  Sale 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
PuWish  a  Printed  LIST,  containing  over  fifty  of  the 
above,  from  ji^io  to  ;{[to.oo3,  which  can  be  had  on  application 
to  their  Offices,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Catalogues— Important  Notice. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  compiled  permanent  Lists  of  those  to  whom  their 
Catalogues  are  forward'^d  regularly,  which  enables  them  to  bring 
before  the  notice  of  probable  Buyers  all  classes  of  Sales. 

Gentlemen  wishing  to  have  their  names  entered  on  these 
Lists  are  requested  to  forward  their  full  Addresses  with  a  note 
of  their  particular  requirementa,  when  Catalogues  will  be 
posted  free  of  charge. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 


Llysonen  Gardens,  near  St.  Clears, 

And  within  5  miles  of  Carmarthen. 

An  EXTENSIVE  and  UNRESERVED   SALE  of  SHOW 

PLANTS, 

of  extraordinary  growth  and  luxuriance. 

MESSRS.  WALTER   LLOYD   and    SON 
are  instructed  by  Captain  Mansfield  to 
SELL    by    AUCTION, 
in  a  spacious  marquee  on  the  Premises,  on 
THURSDAY.   August  26, 
cotnmencioc  at  half-past  12  o'clock  sharp,  about 
SEVEN       HUNDRED     and     FIFTY      LOTS 
of  all  the  leading  varieties  in 
SHOW  PLANTS, 

including  a  great  number  of  prize  specimens  of  Crotons,  Rondele- 
tias,  AUamandas,  Dipladenias,  Stephanotis,  Bougainvilleas, 
Clerodendrons.  Cycas  revoluta,  Anthuriums,  Palms,  Exotic 
and  other  Ferns,  Pandanus,  Caladiums,  Aloes,  Azaleas, 
Camellias,  Bilbergia,  Aspidistra,  Ficus  elastica,  Kpiphyillum, 
Pelargoniums,  Zonal  Geraniums,  &c. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  of  the  above  are  being  prepared,  and 
may  shortly  be  obtained  of  the  Auctioneers.  Mydrim,  St.  Clears. 
Luncheon  at  12.  Terms  Cash. 
N.B— The  Auctioneers  have  much  pleasure  in  inviting  the 
special  atientiou  of  Gentlemen  and  Florists  to  this  unusually 
attractive  Sale,  and  they  are  requested  to  state  that  Capt. 
Mansfield's  sole  reason  for  disposing  of  the  Plants  is  that  he 
has  ceased  to  exhibit,  and  intends  for  the  (uture  to  confine  him- 
self entirely  to  the  production  of  cut  flowers  and  fiuit. 

Auction  and  Estate  Agency  Offices,  Mydrim,  St.  Clears. 

Choice  Orchids  (upwards  of  300  Plants)  and  the 

extensive  COLLECTION  of  VALUABLE  STOVE, 
CONSERVATORY,  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
formed  by  the  late  T.  B.  CUTTS,  Esq. 

MR.  THOS.  NEALE  is  favoured  with 
instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  Malvern 
House,  Mapperley  Road,  Nottingham, on  WEDNESDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  September  1  and  3,  the  above  valuable  COLLEC- 
TION of  Plants. 

Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis,  on  applica- 
tion, by  post,  to  the  Auctioneer,  Whaler  Gate,  Nottingham. 


WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY, 
to  Rent,  a  Small  NURSERY,  of  two  or  three  Hot- 
houses, in  good  condition,  near  station,  within  hali  an  hour, 
south  of  London,  in  open  situation.  On  high  grouiid  preferred. 
No  stock  wanted,  and  rent  must  be  moderate. 

Address,  W.  GILBERT,  2,  Agnes  Terrace,  AUfarthine  Lane, 
near  Wandsworth,  S.W. 


TPOR    SALE,   a 

J^       BUILDINGS,     and 

HOUSE,    FARM 

One  mile  from  Rugby.     Most 

suitable  for  Gardening.    Apply  to 

A.  ABEL,  Ha 

roRAte,  Yorkshire. 

To  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  Farmers,  Builders, 

AND     OIHERS. 

TO  BE  SOLD  (in  consequence  of  the  owner 
retiring  from  business),  by  Private  Treaty,  as  a  going  con- 
cern. The  HOLLY  NURSERIES,  Bold,  near  Warrington, 
established  almost  a  century ;  ccmpri^-ing  a  handsome  newly- 
erected  Brick  and  Stone  built  Double-fronted  Duvelling-house, 
with  three  entertaining  Rooms,  entrance  Hall,  Staircase,  five 
Bedrooms,  large  Kitchen  and  Scullery  with  Nursery  over,  four 
Cellars  and  Out-offices,  standing  en  an  elevated  site  with  taste- 
fully laid  out  Walks  and  Ornamental  Groundsand  Shrubberries. 

The  NURSERY  LAND,  containing  about  22  acres,  is  well 
stocked  with  thousands  of  choice  Flowering  bhrubs  and  Ever- 
greens, including  Gold,  Silver,  Hcd^ins',  and  other  fine  Hollies, 
from  I  to  14  feet  high;  Forest,  Fruit,  and  Ornamental  Trees, 
Roses,  Thorns,  Privet,  &c.  Thete  are  three  strong  Green- 
houses, Propagating  Frames,  loose  Lights,  &c. 

The  FARMSTEAD  consists  of  above  18  acres  of  rich  arable 
land,  with  or  without  the  growing  crops  thereon,  t^igeiher  with 
a  detached  Dwelling-house,  with  two  sitting  and  five  Bedrooms, 
Ornamental  and  Kitchen  Gardens,  Ranges  of  extensive  Out- 
buildings, Shippons  Stabling,  newly  erected  Cait-shed  of  large 
size,  and  other  Offices  ;  also  b\x  well  tenanted  Cottages  with  the 
appurtenances  thereto. 

The  whole  comprises  about  40  a.  2  r.  36  p.  of  well  drained 
FREEHOLD  LAND,  in  full  heart,  in  a  ring  fence,  with  front- 
ages at  least  half  a  mile,  to  the  two  main  roads  from  Liverpool, 
St.  Helens,  and  Warrington.  Situate  one  mile  from  the  Farn- 
worth  and  the  Clock-face  Stations  on  the  London  and  North- 
western Railway,  and  4^^  miles  from  Wairington;  it  is  well 
Mtuated  for  a  Public  Pleasure  Garden. 

A  view  and  all  particulars  may  be  had  from  the  proprietor, 
Mr.  JOHN  STEAD,  on  the  Premises,  also  from  Messrs! 
ROBERT DAVIES,  SHARP  AND  KIRKCONNEL  Solicitors 
Warrington;  or  from  Messrs.  ARTINGSTALL  AND  HIND, 
Auctioieers,  Manchester. 

Vlnstone  Nurseries,  near  Plymouth. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  Lady-day  next,  for  a 
Term  cf  7,  14,  or  21  years,  these  well-known  NURSE- 
RIES, for  many  years  so  >uccessfiiily  carried  on  by  the  late 
Mr.  Pontey,  and  since  by  Mr.  Serpell,  situated  about  a  mile 
from  Plymouth,  over  8  Acres  in  extent,  with  a  Dwelling-house 
and  Gardener's  Cottage,  with  large  Greenhouse,  Melon-pit,  &c. 
Apply  to  WOOLCOMBE  and  PRIDHAM.  Solicitors, 
Plymouth. 


In  ihp  best  Fn 


Kent 

ng  Districts.    A  few  miles  from  London. 


''PO   BE  LET  or  SOLD,  about  35  acres  of 

1-      excellent  LAND. 

PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS.  67  and  68, 


PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Makket  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.G.,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone,  E.      Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 

To  Lauded  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTYKE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     nour  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


Pteris  cretlca  Mayll. 

HB.  MAY  is  now  offering  the  above,  which 
•  is  one  of  the  greatest  novelties  of  the  season.  The 
Plant  is  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit  ;  the  fronds  beautifully 
branched  and  crested  :  and  the  variegation  very  distinct  It  is 
one  of  the  most  lovely  FERNS  ever  offered.  Has  been 
awarded  First  class  Certificates  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
and  Royal  Botanic  Societies. 

Well  furnished  Plants,  in  .(S's,  71.  id.  each. 


Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edn 


.  Middle: 


Camelllaa,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25,   Savage  Gardens, 
Crucched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

LILIES  OF  THE  VALLEY. 
FORCING  CROWNS,  /.<-,  3-yr.  old  strong  flowering 
Crowns,  of  my  well-known  large  flowering  variety.  Prices 
per  1000.  10,000,  or  20  000  on  application. 

PLANTING  CROWNS,  r .'.,  young  Plants  for  growing  on 
for  forcing,  the  true  large  fl^w-ring  variety,  acclimatised,  and 
which  will  be  fit  for  forcing  two  years  alter  planting.  1  have 
long  since  proved  that  Lilies  of  the  Valley  can  be  successfully 
grown  in  England,  and  in  many  cases  excel  those  from  Germany. 
I  recommend  every  one  who  requires  crowns  for  forcing  to  grow 
them  himself.  A  Pamphlet,  "How  to  Grow  Lilies  ot  the 
Valley  Successfully,"  wiU  be  sent  free  with  every  order  amount- 
ing to  loj.  and  upwards.  Delivery  from  November  to  April. 
Price  loi.  per  1000,  including  package.  Cash  only.  No  order 
without  remittance  will  be  acknov-ledged. 

T.  JANNOCH,  Lily  of  the  Valley  Nursery,  Dersingham, 
King's  Lynn,  Norfolk. 

"\^    GORDON,  Importer  of  Orchids 

tV  •  from  ALL  PARTS  of  the  WORLD.— An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  must  be  sold  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certlinly  to  be 
obtained,  and  great  bargains:  see  Public  Journals  for  high 
prices  recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  UFFER  afl^ords  a 
PAYING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to  W.  GORDON,  The  Nurseries,  Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


227 


To  the  Trade. 

WAITE,  NASH  AND  CO.  have  Posted 
their  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  BULBS  to  all  their 
Customers  ;  if  not  received,  another  Copy  will  be  sent  on  appli- 
cation. 79,  Southwark  Sreet,  London,  S.E. 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS— "  WAITE,  LONDON." 


FOR  SALE,  20  CAMELLIA  TREES,  from 
4  to  6  feet  high,  choice  sorts,  well  budded. 
Apply  to  GARDENER,  Roselway,  Berkhampstead,  Herts. 


PINES. — Forty  good,  healthy  Succession,  in 
7  and  9-inch  pots,  tit  for  moving  into  fruiting  pots,  of  the 
following  varieties:  —BLACK  JAMAICA,  CHARLOTTE 
ROTHSCHILD,  QUEEN,  and  SMOOTH  CAYEMNE. 
For  price  pnd  particulars,  apply 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

CLEMATIS  JACKM  ANN  I  ALBA  (Noble). 
The  White  JackmannL 
The  Raiser  now  distributes  the  above  at  the  Reduced  Price 
of  3J.  each.      The  value  of  strong  3-yr.  old  Plants  will  be  well 
understood  by  all. 

CHARLES  NOHLE.  Bagshot. 
Other  Nursery  Stock.      Send  for  prices. 

PRIMULAS,  CINERARIAS,  CYCLAMEN. 
— Plants  now  ready  for  potting  in  single  pots.  First-class 
strains  (still  supplying  Customers  who  have  had  from  us  for 
12  years).  PRIMUL.'.S  and  CINERARIAS— 12  (or  TS.6rf., 
24  for  >i.  M  .  100  for  9J.      CYCLAMEN— 12  for  2j. 

WM.  CLIBRAN  and  SON,  Oldfield  Nursery.  Altrincham  ; 
12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. 


MR.       DODWELL'S        GRAND 
■■  CARNATIONS,"  the  finest  grown. 
50:0  Unbloomed  Seedlings,  warranted  of  the  highest  parent, 
age,    unrivalled    whether    lor    bedding    or   forcing    for   spring; 
flowering.     3J.  6rf.  per  dozen,  zis.  per  100.     Special  terms  (or 
quantities.     Particulars  on  application. 

The  Cottage,  Stanley  Road,  Oxford. 

B'  MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade,  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  weltgrown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemahs  and  other  viuietics).  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS;  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS.  VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE  by  AUCTION  will  be  held  on 
TUESDAY,  September  14. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS,   in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2r.  to  24J,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  apphcation.  — RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

LUlum  Harrlsll. 

See  Plate  in  Garden  of  August  7. 

HURST  AND   SON    have  a   stock   of   fine 
Bulbs  of  this  extremely  handsome  and  useful    LILY, 
and  are  preoaied  to  qunte  special  low  pnce  for  a  quantity. 

ROMAN  HYACINTH.  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS, 
LILIUM  CANDIDUM,  and  all  other  kinds  of  Bulbs  (or 
Early  Forcing,  in  very  large  quantities  and  at  low  prices. 

General  BULB  CATALOGUE  has  been  Posted  to  all  Cus- 
tomers, any  who  have  not  received  it  will  have  another  sent  if 
they  will  let  us  know. 

Seed  Warehouse.  152.  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

Strawberries. 

PAUL  AND  SON  have  now  ready 
for  delivery,  in  6D-pots  and  Runners  of  a'l  the  best 
varieties,  including  the  new  first  earlies  Pauline  and  King  of  the 
Earlies,  and  the  new  large  Perpetual  Strawberry,  Roi  Henry, 
probably  most  useful  (or  autumn  growing  in  pots. 

Descriptive  LIST,  with  dates  of  ripening  carefully  noted  up 
to  date,  post-free  on  application. 

The  ■•  Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4<f.  per  bushel :  100  for  25J.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

4or. :  4-bushel  bags,  4a'.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   s'-   f^.    per    sack  : 

5  sacks  25r.  ;  sacks,  ^d,  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  211.  ;  sacks, 

4a'.  each. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  gi.  per  bushel;  131.  per  half 

ton,  26i.  per  ton  in  2.bushel  bags,  \d.  each. 
YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 

MOULD,  IS.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  bd.  per  sack. 
MANURES,   GARDEN    STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,   TO- 

BACCO    CLOTH.    RUSSIA    MATS.   &c.      Write    for 

Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 

Street,  Drury  Lane  flately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

MILDEW  on  ROSES  and  other  PLANTS, 
GREEN  FLY,  and  RED  SPIDER  can  all  be  extir- 
pated by  using  Harris's  specially  prepared  SULPHIDE  of 
POTASSIUM,  of  which  enough  to  make  thirty-two  gallons  o( 
solution  may  be  had  post-free  lor  One  Shilling,  from  the  Sole 
Manufacturers,  PHILIP  HARRIS  and  CO.,  Wholesale 
Chemists,  Bull  Ring,  Birmingham.  Special  quotations  for 
large  quantities.  For  many  favourable  reports  on  the  value  of 
this  certain  remedy,  see  Gnrdaters  Chronicle,  and  other 
Gardening  Journals. 

THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
up  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  1  cwt.  and  over  carriage  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,    Victoria   Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  i5.,  is.  SJ.,  $s.  6d., 
and  toj.  6rf.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  AUo  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES.  I 


Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sack-s  included. ) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221,  td, 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   4s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  20s, 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5s.  6*^.      „      5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     1 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6rf.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     Srf.lb.,  281b.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Sp€cialiti)    Srf.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  seleaed,  21.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vegetables,iic.  Tins,  is.  f>d. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3s.;  ■4lb.,  5S.:  28lb.,8j.;  561b.,  14s.;  icwt.,22S. 
VIRGIN  CORK,   best  quality  only-t4  lb  ,  3S.;  28  lb. ,  5s.  6</. : 

56  lb  ,  los.  f)d. :  I  cwt. ,  17s.  Lper  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  chubo's  special  process), 

sacks,  ts.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  2SS ;  40  sacks,  30s.     Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2J.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

■WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL   LONDON,  E. 


tity. 


OULTRY     MANURE     for     SALE.— 

Address,  stating  pi  ice  offered  per  load  or  per  less  quan- 
to  B  ,  Fern  Villa,  Pirbrighl,  Brookwood,  Surrey. 


12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Staunps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  Ike— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  id  6s.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15s. 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  5s.  ;  5  Bags,  22s.  td.  ;  ro  Hags, 
45s.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  los.  6i.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  S2S.  per  Truck  of  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famborough  Station.  Hants. 

ORTICULTURAL  SOILS,^ANUR^, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY,     (iita- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.H. S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.  E. 
Established  1854. 

HUGHES'  SOLUBLE 
FIR-TREE  OIL  NSECTICIDE 

Is.  6d.,  2s.  6d.,  and  4s.  6d  a  Bottle ;    Gallon,  12s.  6d., 
less  in  larger  quantities. 

HUGHES'  APHICIDE,  Is.  6d.    By  post  is.  Sd. 
HUGHES' GREEN  SHADING  Is.  ;  post  is. 3d. 

ALso  CREAM  SHAUlNl'..  9d.  pet  Box,  per  post  Is. 
HUGHES'    FLORAL     CEMENT,    in    Bottles. 

Is.  and  2S. 

HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most    effectual    in    Greenhouses,    6d.,    IS.,   and    2S.  6d. 

Post  3d  extra. 
A  TREATISE  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
sent  Pcist-lree,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E.  G.  HUGHES, 
Operative  Chemist.  Victoria  Street,  Manchester.  Wholesale 
from  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants, Wholesale  Druggists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


SMITH'S  JVEED-KILLER. 

The  Original  and  Only  Genuine. 


^  ilSMlTH'S 
J     WEED 

^   killer] 


A  True  Gardener's 
Friend. 

Effectually  Destroys 
'Weeds.  Moss,  Dande- 
lions, &c. ,  on  Garden 
Walks,  Carriage  Drives, 
Stable  Yards,  &c. 


MARK      SMITH, 

Manufacturing   Chemist, 

LOUTH,        LINCOLNSHIRE. 


Soluble  Para ffin 

GARDEN  INSECTICIDE 


Pints,  IS.  :   Quarts,  is.  Sd. :   Gallons,  5s.  6d. 
R.    M.    PHILLIPPS   &   CO.,    DARTFORD,    KENT._ 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  aeainst  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  caJce  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  31.,  and  lo;.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes,   6d.   and    is.,    from  the    Trade, 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 

(Limited),  London. 


BAMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 
should  be  without  it.  Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
and  easily  manufactured. 

P.  B.  HARKIN.  Importer,  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 


PURE    WOODCHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  'fREES,    STRAWBERRIES, 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 


SILVER  SAND.— 24.r.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 
Best.  30S.  do.  :  PEAT,  60s.  per  truck  of  lo  cubic  yards. 
Best,  Sos.,  loos.,  and  iios.  do.;  LOaM,  best.  50s.  per  truck  of 
a  tons  ;  ORCHID  MOSS,  &c 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst,  Susseit. 


ATURSERYMAN'S 

X>l      SALE,  nearly  new  ; 

COVERED 

VAN    for 

cost    £4^       l-K,  ^ 

'ill    he  taken. 

Address.    VAN.    Gardeners' 

"hroniile  Office.  4 

I,  Wellington 

Street.  Strand.  W.C 

Coloured  Illustrations  of  Bulbous  Flowers 

FOR   SHOP   WINDOWS. 

HOOPER'S  ILLUSTRATED  BULB 
WINDOW  TICKETS  are  an  immense  improvement 
to  the  appearance  of  Shop  Windows,  AND  GRttATLV  assist  thk 
Sai.ks.  Forty-eight  leading  varieties  now  ready,  price  91. 
the  set. 

HOOPER_AND  CO  ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  WX. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Mercliants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London.  E.C. 

Protect  your  Strawberries. 

TANNED    NETTING,     i  yard   witie,   \d.; 
2  yards.  ^%d.  ;    4  yards,  id.      A  considerable  reduction 
on  quantities  of  500  yartls  and  upwards. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

NEW  SEASON'S  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— 
My  first  parcel  has  now  arrived  in  good  condition  and 
5 rime  quality.     Prices  on  application. 
AMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Rfgistered  Telrgraphic  Address— JATEA,  LONDON. 


r:;.ARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

>J     Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 

Woric,  Manures,  &c      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


F 


LAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or   Walks  under   Trees.      Prices,   id.,   sod., 
IS.  per  yard  run. 
The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY.  Brighouse,  Yorks. 


H 


OU  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale;  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Wmdsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manutactory,  or  11.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED    TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  The  Ryteys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  \our  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill  Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
1.^6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin, 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  leet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

OEORQE    FABMILOE    ft    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smltblleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chromclt. 


228 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[August  21,  1886, 


Now  Ready. 

SEEDSMEN    BY    BOTAL    WARRANTS 

To  Her  Majesty     ^^^      To  HE H.  the 
The  Queen.       ^^^^^  Prince  of  Wales. 

SUTTON'S 
AUTUMN  CATALOGUE 

FOB    1886, 

Coilairf  complete  Cultural  Instructions  and 

Si  lect  List  of  the  best  kinds  of 

Flower  Roots  ; 

H&NISOHE  COLOTTBED   PLATE, 

ILLUSTRATIVE  OF 

SUTTON'S    HYACINTHS, 
in  full  bloom  at  the  Dutch  Bulb  Farms, 

AMD 

A'UMEKOUS    ENGRA  VINGS. 


Gratis   and   Foat-free   on   application. 

SUTTON    &    SONS, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN. 

READING.       BERKS. 


PALMS  for  TABLE  DECORATIONS,  &c. 
—  Latania  borbonica,  Seaforlhia  elegaos,  and  Phceaix 
r'  c  inala,  fcedline^.  12  inches  hiRh,  45.  per  dtz.  ;  25J.  per  ico. 
1  a^ania  borbonica.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Aieca  lutescens, 
Kuterie  edulis,  Phceoix  recHnata,  and  Coryphi  australis, 
20  inches  high.  i2i.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  15.  -^d.  each. 
Pii,kaees  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order.  A  few 
lar^e  F.alherv  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear. 

(".ARDENER.  Holly  Ledge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


EARLY   BUL3S  for  FORCING. 


.  PAUL  &  SON 


Respectfully  solicit  Orders  for  the  following, 
of  which  they  have  large  stocks,  of  the  finest 
possible  quality  : — 
ROMAN    HYACINTHS,   White,  good   root, 

3;.  per  dozea  ;   12s.  6d.  per  100. 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  White,  selected  roots, 

151.  per  103. 

NARCISSUS,    Double    Roman,    is.   6d.    per 

dozen.  lot.  per  loo. 

NARCISSUS,  Paper-White,  is.  bd.  per  dozen, 

IM.  per  100. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA,  zs.   6d.   per 

dozen. 
They  have  also  now  ready,  LILIUM  CANDIDtJM,  good 

Roots,  3J.  per  dozen. 
PAUL'S   MUSHROOM    SPAWN,  unsurpassed  for  excel- 
lence, SJ.  per  bushel. 


PAUL'S     NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM   CROSS,   HERTS. 


SEEDLINQ   PLANTS   OF   OHOIOE 
FLORISTS'    FLOWERS,    &o. 

We   liave    much    pUanire   in    offering;   Strang    healthy 

transplanted  Seedlings   from  our  superb  strains  of  the 

follo^mng .—  Per  doz.    Per  loo. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers    t.  d.  t.  d. 

only. beautifully  tigered  and  spotted. .     i     6     ..    lo     6 

CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.   from 

sta^e  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent. 

of  tine  double  blooms     . .  . .  . .     i     6     . .    10    6 

CARNATIONS.choicestyellow.veryfine    36..— 
CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  strain       ..     1    6     ..10    6 
,,     new  dwarf,  large  flowered,  fine  2     o     ..    la     6 

CYCLAMEN,  Strong  young  plants,  from 

single  pots,  for  blooming  next  season . .       —       . .     — 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM    ALBUM, 

pure  white,  very  fine      . .  . .  . .     4     6     . .  30    o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed       ..     4    o     ..25    o 
PRI MULA,  Crimson  King,   magnificent    26..     — 
„    Crimson  King,  extra  strong  plants  . .     36     . .     — 
,,     Daniels' choicest  white,  fine  . .         ..      i     6     . .    10     6 

,,     Daniels' choicest  red,  splendid        ..      i     6     . .    10    6 
,,     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beauti- 
ful varieties 16. .106 

,,    Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  extra  strong 

plants  2    6    ..    15    o 

PANSY.    Emperor  William,    deep  ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine    .  .  . .  ..10  76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice     1     o     .'■      7     6 

BLUE  GUM  TREE  of  AUSTRALIA  (EUCALYPTUS 

GLOBULUS),  fine  for  greenhouse  or  sub-tropical  garden. 

Said  to  be  the  most  powerful  febrifuge  known.   Fine  young 

Plants  of  this  mteresling  species,  td.  each,  5i.  per  dozen. 

Carriage  Paid  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich 


EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  and  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS. 


James  Veitch  &  Sons 


THE  ABOVE  VALUABLE  BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORCING, 

And  will  be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 

BULB    CATALOGUE    FOR    1886 

Is  now  ready,  and  can  be  had  Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 

ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERY,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  LONDON,  S.W. 

HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS.  VERANDAHS.  &C. 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS. 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DR'HNG  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  Of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 

THE    COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR 

OF 

GARDEN    OPERATIONS. 

ORIGINALLY    COMPILED    BY    THE    LATE    SIR    JOSEPH    PAXTON,    M.P. 


Price  3d.,   Post  Free  3Jd. 

T'Wenty-flve  Copies,  58.;    Fifty,  10s.;    and  One  Hundred,  SOa. 

Parcels   of  not  less  than  Twenty-five  delivered.    Carriage  Free,    in  London  only. 
Not  less  than  One  Hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.  RICHARDS.  41.  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

WORKS  OF  AUTHORITY  ON  BOTANy! 

SIR    JOSEPH     PAXTON'S    BOTANICAL    DICTIONARY.      Comprising   the   Names, 

History,  and  Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Britain,  together  with  a  full  Explanation  of  Technical 

Terms.    Medium  Svo,  cloth,  price  2%s. 
BOTANY    FOR    BEGINNERS.      An   Introduction    to   the   Study  of   Plants.      By   Ma.wvell 

T.  Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St.  George's  Hospital.     With  upwards  of 

100  Illustrations.     Price  3^.  6d. 
LINDLEY'S    SCHOOL    BOTANY,     a  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  students, 

&c.     With  400  Illustrations.     Svo,  cloth,  price  5j.  6d. 
LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    OF    BOTANY.     With  Illustrations.     Svo,  cloth,  price  9'. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  AND  (ECONOMICAL  BOTANY,   with  numerous  iiiustra- 

tions.    Svo,  cloth,  price  5^, 

LINDLEY'S    DESCRIPTIVE     BOTANY.     For  Self-Instruction  and  the  Use   of   Schools, 
Price  IS.  sewed. 

London  :    BRADBURlT,  AONEW,  &  CO.,  Bouverie  Street,  E.C. 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


229 


CARTERS' 
EARLY   BULBS 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful  White  and  Coloured 
Flowers  for  Christmas  Decoration. 


CABTERS'  EiTllest  WMte  Roman  H7ACINTHS. 
T&e  Largest  Bulbs  of  tlie  Year. 

We  do  not  keep  a  Second  Size. 
Per  100,  i6r.  ;  per  dozen  ,  2j.  td. 

CARTERS'  Doable  Roman  NARCISSU3. 

Per  loo,  lOj.  6(^.  ;  per  dozen,  ij.  hd. 

CARTERS'  Paper-white  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  \is.  fid.  :  per  dozen,  15.  td. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  TeUow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  ICO,  4J.  ^d.  ;  per  dozen,  Zd. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  105,  3J.  ;  per  dozen,  dd. 
ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 


H,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 

Warrants  to 

H  M.  Tbe  Queen. 

and  Bis  Royal  Higbness 

The  Prince  of  Wales, 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THK  GROWERS, 


D 
D 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haa.lem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Ei'lrs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozbn  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  i8?6,  and  see  the  larje 
ssvine  effected  by  Dealing  diriict  with  the  Grower  The 
Cata'ozue,  containing  details  tl  their  immense  L'ol'ections  of 
New.  Rare,  aod  Fine  Biilbi  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  tost-fbee,  on  application  10 
Ihem,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3.  Cross  Lane, 
St.  Matvat-HiU.  London,  E.C. 

AFRICAN     TUBEROSES, 

AND    LILiaoi:    HARBISII, 

Grown  by  Wm,  Rislev,  Maritzburg,  Natal. 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
are  hereby  informed  that  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  descriptian.  The  Bulbs  promise 
10  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  miiket. 

Orders  are  now  being  boDked  freely  for  delivery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early 
applicat'on.  Quotations  very  low. — Terms — net  cash.  For 
piices  and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR, 

17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  conuining  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ir. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of  Nkw,    Rarb,     and 

Choicb  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  Amkrican  Fbrns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH    BTJLBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our  Special  Wholesale  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

Containing  List  of  all  the  best  varieties  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  LILIUMS,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS, 
SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  free  on  application  to 

W ATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,   STRAND,  LONDON.  W.C. 

PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TKEES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish   Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr-   COOPER,  FRHS,   Calcot  Gardens.    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained- 

PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS    on   appUcation. 


WEBBS' 

EMPEROR  CABBAGE, 

The  Earliest  and  Best  Cabbage, 

fid.  and  19.  per  packet.  Is.  6d.  per  ounce,  post-free. 
79.  per  pound. 

Mr.  J.  MuiR,  in  the  "Journal  OF  Horticulture" 
of  May  24,  says  : — "  Oitr  largest  piece  of  Spring 
Cabbage  measures  'jo  feet  by  c^ofeet,  and  ttere  we 
kave  many  sjrls  growing.  Ttie  best  of  ait  t/ifse 
at  the  present  lime  is  WEBBS'  £.\/P£ROA'.' 


Per  Ounce,  Post-free. 

EARLT  NONPAREIL  CABBAGE 8d. 

ENFIELD  MARKET  do 6d. 

EARLY  RAINHAM  do 8d. 

EARLY  DWARF  YORK    do 6d. 

LARGE  RED  DUTCa       do.  6d.  pei  packet   ..     9d. 

ONION.  ,,,,,  ,_ 

WEBBS'  NEW  RED  GLOBE  TRIPOLI  6d.    . .  Is. 

WHITE  ITALIAN  TRIPOLI  6d.     ..  94. 

LARGE  FLAT  RED  TRIPOLI        ..        6d.    ..  9d 

GIANT  ROOCA 6d.     ..  Is. 

WHITE  LISBON  6d. 


LETTUCE. 


CABBAGE    VARIETIES. 

Webb's  New  Criterion    ..        ..  Is   64    per  pItt. 

Commodore  Nutt is.  Od        ,, 

HammerEtmith  Hardy  Grsen  ..  Od-  64. 
Webbs  Immense  Hardy  Grzrn  13.  Od.       ,, 

COS    VARIETIES 

Webbs'  Selected  Black  Seeded )  ,„  c^   „„  „, 
Batb      ,-is.  t.a  reroz. 

Webbs'  Hampshire  Browa      ..  Is  OJ.  per  pkt. 
Blck's  Hardy  Wtiite  ..la.  Od. 


All  Garden  Seeds  Jrce  by  Post  or  Rail. 
Five  per  Cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  U.  tbe  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  tbe  Prince  of  Wales, 

WORDSLEY.STOURBRIOGE. 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
fid  per  cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \s. 

None  f^cDviine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signatuie  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Higbgate  Ni 


FLOWERS  AT  CHRISTMAS. 

SUTTON'S 

BULBSfor EARLY  FORCING 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS- 

SINGLE   WHITE,   finest  selected 

second  size. 
SINGLE    BLUE. 

EARLY    NARCISSI- 
DOUBLE  ROMAN. 
PAPER-WHITE. 


"  The  Bulbs  you  sent  me  are  splen- 
did. A  more  perfect  lot  It  woul4  be 
difficult  to  find."— Mr.  A.  DREWERY, 
Gardener  to  A.  H  Easten,  Esq., 
Patrlngton 


I 

For  full  particulars,  see 

SUTTON'S    BULB   CATALOGUE, 

With  Coloured  and  other  Illustrations, 
Gratis  and  Post-free. 

SUTTON    &    SONS, 

THE        QUEEN'S        SEEDSMEN, 
BEADINQ. 


THE 


SATURDAY,    AUGUST  21,    18S6. 


TAPLOW    COURT. 

THE  four  miles  of  broad  road  between  Tap- 
low  and  Hedsor  are  bordered  by  the  parks 
and  gardens  of  four  great  houses.  The  lands 
of  CMveden,  Dropmore,  and  Hedsor  all 
approach  each  other,  and  touch  the  road  at  a 
spot  called  Nobleman's  Corner  ;  and  if  you 
should  meet  hereabouts  a  good-looking  gentle- 
man in  a  white  hat  with  hair  tending  to  the 
same  colour,  be  sure  you  address  him  as  ''  Your 
Grace."  If  by  mistake  you  call  him  "  My 
Lord  "  correct  the  error  and  add  to  that  title, 
"Duke,  I  mean,''  or  "Your  Grace,  I  should 
say,"  for  this  gentleman  is  a  great  peer  and 
land  proprietor,  the  head  of  the  ancient  house 
of  Grosvenor,  owner  of  Cliveden  and  its 
gardens,  which  the  public  can  visit  by  his 
favour  during  more  weeks  in  the  year  than  he 
ever  does  himself.  If  you  meet  Mr.  W.  H. 
Grenfell  on  the  road,  the  owner  of  Taplow 
Court,  know  him  for  a  young  Englishman  of 
adventurous  spirit,  who  has  travelled  far  in 
remote  regions,  and  who  opens  his  gates  freely 
to  those  who  wish  to  see  his  beautiful  place  of 
residence. 

Taplow  Court,  too,  was  formerly  the  seat  of 
a  peer,  the  Earl  of  Orkney,  and  as  recently  as 
three  years  ago  the  Dowager  CounlcEs  of 
Orkney  was  laid  to  rest  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
six,  in  what  was  then  the  churchyard,  a  few 
paces  from  her  former  residence.  The  house  is 
a  particularly  handsome  one  of  solid  brick, 
with  ornamental  chimneys  and  four  storeys.  It 
is  situated  at  the  head  of  the  little  village  of 
Taplow,  where  the  doors  of  the  approach  stand 
open  during  daylight,  flanked  by  aged  Cedars 
of  Lebanon.  The  house  lies  straight  before 
you,  with  pleasing  glimpses  of  lawns  and  flowers, 
and  a  wealth  of  creepers — Ivy,  Wistaria,  and 
others— concealing  the  wall  of  the  kitchen  gar- 
den on  the  right.  It  is  hardly  the  house 
of  a  country  gentleman,  being  a  little  more 
palatial  than  country  houses  usually  are, 
but  it  is  well  adapted  in  style  and  propor- 
tions for  its  situation,  20  miles  from  London, 
and  in  such  a  "hot  corner,"  as  a  sportsman 
might  say,  for  great  peers  and  members  of  the 
aristocracy. 

The  celelebrated  Tulip  tree,  80  feet  in  height 
and  12  feet  in  circumference,  which  is  some- 
times described  in  connection  with  Taplow  and 
Mr.  Grenfell,  is  still  to  be  found,  I  believe,  on 
the  lawn  of  another  Mr.  Grenfell,  of  Taplow 
House,  in  another  part  of  the  parish. 

There  is  a  great  Cedar  of  Lebanon  here  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  with  a  head  of  many 
branches,  fenced  by  the  trees  of  the  river  cliff 
at  the  end  of  the  lawn,  and  a  gate  below  it 
opens  into  a  famous  avenue  of  the  same  trees 
planted  at  a  later  date.  Mr  Wright,  the  super- 
intendent of  the  gardens  as  well  as  land 
steward,  states  that  he  remembers  an  old 
labourer  or  foreman  who  planted  the  Cedars 
for  Lady  Orkney,  and  as  Mr.  Wright's  term  of 
service  has  reached  thirty  years,  the  trees  may 
be  eighty  or  ninety  years  old.     They  are  large 


230 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  1886, 


for  their  age,  and  form  a  noble  avenue  of  half 
a  mile  in  length  parallel  with  the  cliff  and  river. 
Steps  lead  to  the  river  banks,  and  to  the 
boat-house,  as  well  as  to  a  rustic  summer-house 
built  of  roots  on  a  ledge  of  the  cliff,  command- 
ing the  river.  A  weir,  with  plenty  of  water 
falling  over  it,  forms  an  interesting  feature  of 
the  landscape.  Cookham  is  2  or  3  miles  above, 
and  Maidenhead,  with  its  high  ground,  crowned 
by  the  conspicuous  spire  of  Boyne  Hill  church, 
lies  opposite. 

Even  a  word  painter  could  hardly  describe 
this  delightful  residence  ;  the  grounds  around 
the  house,  where  Nature  offers  such  attractions 
that  adventitious  art  is  needless  ;  the  long 
views,  the  vistas  through  the  banks  of  foliage, 
the  English  Elms,  whose  stately  proportions 
prove  the  excellence  of  the  soil  ;  the  smooth 
inviting  turf  of  the  lawns,  and  the  Turkey  Oaks 
and  graceful  specimen  Deodars.  The  place  is 
beautiful,  without  any  formal  traces  of  the 
efforts  of  those  who  have  helped  to  make  it  so. 
Thirteen  gardeners  are  employed.  In  connection 
with  the  kitchen  garden  there  are  capital  build- 
ings of  the  usual  kind,  including  a  bothy  for  three 
young  men,  five  vineries,  three  Peach-houses, 
and  several  others  for  the  culture  of  flowers, 
containing  among  other  things  some  very 
noticeable  white  flowers,  Lapageria  alba,  white 
Roses,  Stephanotis,  and  Gardenias. 

Previous  to  the  year  1836  the  parish  church 
of  Taplow  stood  close  against  the  great  house. 
It  was  then  removed,  and  the  graveyard,  imme- 
diately under  the  windows,  has  become  an  un- 
objectionable outlook  by  the  simple  artifice  of 
placing  the  memorial  stones  flat  on  the  ground, 
leaving  the  rest  to  grass  and  Ivy,  and  to  the  con- 
cealment of  shrubs.  The  rather  unusual  prospect 
which  such  an  enclosure  offered  is  further  and 
fortunately  blocked  by  a  very  ancient  specimen 
of  an  earthwork,  far  older  than  the  church  itself. 
In  exploring  this  mound  a  year  or  two  ago,  Mr. 
Rutland,  Secretary  of  the  Berks  Archaeological 
Society,  ransacked  its  very  interesting  contents 
and  unfortunately  undermined  a  Yew  tree, 
which  had  crowned  the  tumulus,  according  to 
its  estimated  age,  during  1400  years.  The 
grave  therefore  was  almost  as  old  as  Chris- 
tianity in  this  country.  We  now  enjoy  a 
spiritual  faith  and  Mr.  Rutland  perhaps  regrets 
that  when  the  Yew  tree  subsided  into  the  trench 
below,  he  was  not  quite,  instead  of  almost, 
despatched  to  a  better  world.  But  Taplow  is  a 
pleasant  place  of  residence  for  an  archaeologist, 
since  it  is  crowded  with  associations — Milton's 
mother  was  buried  on  the  cliff  here,  and  below 
runs  the  Thames,  the  great  waterway  along 
whose  stream  Romans,  Saxons  and  Danes  in 
turn  pushed  inland  to  the  heart  of  the  country. 
It  is  easy  to  understand  that  an  archaeologist  of 
Taplow  might  feel,  in  regard  to  leaving  it,  as 
Phillips  the  painter  did  when  he  had  built  his 
house  and  finished  his  garden  at  Hammersmith, 
and  he  was  told  he  must  die  and  go  to  heaven. 
"  I  would  rather  stop  in  Hammersmith,"  he  said. 
The  pagan's  body,  or  his  dust,  reached  at  a 
depth  of  20  feet — for  they  trenched  deep  in 
those  days  ;  his  gold  fringe,  drinking-horns, 
and  other  utensils,  which  were  recovered,  and 
have  been  described  in  great  variety,  are  not  in 
my  department.  H.  E. 


I 


Improved  Method  of  Preserving  Wood. 

The  improved  French  method  of  preserving  wood  by 
the  application  of  lime  is  found  to  work  well.  The 
plan  is  to  pile  the  planks  in  a  tank,  and  to  put  over 
all  a  layer  of  quicklime,  which  is  gradually  slaked 
with  water.  Timber  for  mines  requires  about  a  week 
to  be  thoroughly  impregnated,  and  other  wood  more 
or  less  time  according  to  its  thickness.  The  material 
acquires  remarkable  consistence  and  hardness,  it  is 
stated,  on  being  subjected  to  this  simple  process,  and 
the  assertion  is  made  that  it  will  never  rot.  Beech 
wood  prepared  in  this  way  for  hammers,  and  other 
tools  for  ironwork,  is  found  to  acquire  the  hardness  of 
Oak,  without  parting  with  any  of  iis  well-known 
elasticity  or  toughness,  and  it  also  lasts  longer. 
Indian  ForesUr. 


ANTHURIUM  SUBULATUM,  N.  E.  Bman,  n.  sf. 
SuBACAULESCENT.  Petioles  10— 18  inches  long, 
24  —  3i  lines  thick,  terete,  green.  Lamina  10 
— 15  inches  long,  4.i — 7  inches  broad,  elongate 
cordate-ovate,  somewhat  cuspidate  acuminate,  dark 
shining  green,  a  little  paler  beneath  ;  basal  lobes 
about  one-fifth  as  long  as  the  front  lobe,  very  obtusely 
and  broadly  rounded,  not  overlapping,  with  a  parabolic 
subacute  sinus  between  them,  ij — 24  inches  deep, 
} — I  inch  broad.  Midrib  and  veins  nearly  equally 
prominent  on  both  sides,  rounded  above,  acute 
beneath;  primary  lateral  veins  7 — II  (in  average 
leaves  about  10)  on  each  side  the  midrib  and  one 
on  each  side  at  us  very  base,  all  more  or  less  uniting 
in  an  intramarginal  vein  2 — 3  lines  distant  from  the 
margin  ;  the  poslical  branches  of  the  midrib  not 
denuded  at  the  sinus,  and  divided  near  their  base  into 
three  strongly  curved  branches,  all  running  out  at  the 
margin.  Peduncle  9 — 12  inches  long,  2  fines  thick, 
terete,  light  green.  Spathe  spreading,  white  on  both 
sides  (or  sometimes  light  green),  4.1 — 5  inches  lung, 
I  —  Ij  inch  broad,  oblong,  rather  abruptly  narrowed 
into  a  convolute  subulate  point  about  2  inches  long. 
Spadix  stout,  cylindric,  obtuse,  2 — 3  inches  long, 
4 — 5  lines  thick,  purple-red  ;  flowers  small,  i  line 
in  diameter.  A  native  of  Columbia,  introduced  by 
Mr.  W.  Bull,  of  Chelsea. 

This  is  a  very  distinct  and  rather  pretty  species, 
easily  recognised  by  the  very  long  subulate  point  to 
the  while  spathe,  which  is  well  set  off  by  the  purple 
spadix  and  dark  gieen  of  the  leaves.  iV.  E.  Brown. 

Anthurium  Mooreanum,  N.  E.  Brown,  n.  sp. 
Stem  short  with  crowded  internodes.  Petioles 
about  18  inches  long,  2|^  lines  thick,  terete,  faintly 
flattened  down  the  face.  Lamina  11  — 13  inches  long, 
8 — 10  inches  broad  across  the  basal  lobes,  sub-has- 
tate, front  lobe  oblong-ovate,  cuspidate  acuminate, 
basal  lobes  oblong,  with  very  broadly  rounded  tips ; 
basal  sinus  widely  gaping,  broadly  rounded  at  the 
base,  2  —2\  inches  deep.  Upper  surface  of  leaf  bright 
green,  under  surface  whitish-green.  Midrib  and  pri- 
mary veins  prominent  on  both  sides,  but  more  strongly 
above  ;  primary  lateral  veins  4 — 5  on  each  side  of 
the  midrib,  which  unite  in  a  continuous  intramarginal 
vein  2—3  lines  distant  from  the  margin,  and  one  on 
each  side  at  its  very  base,  which  runs  out  at  the 
margin  about  halfway  up  the  front  lobe  ;  the  postical 
branches  of  the  midrib  are  denuded  for  about  half  to 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  the  sinus,  and  divide  in 
the  basal  lobes  into  three  strongly  curved  branches, 
the  two  lowermost  of  which  run  out  at  the  margin, 
whilst  the  innermost  branch  unites  by  a  loop  with  the 
lateral  branches  of  the  vein  arising  at  the  base  of  the 
midrib.  Peduncle  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the 
petiole,  terete,  green.  Spathe  reflexed  or  spreading, 
4 — 4*  inches  long,  6—7  lines  broad,  lineat-oblong, 
convolute  acuminate  at  apex,  purplish-green.  Spadix 
shortly  stipitate,  5—6  inches  long,  z\  lines  thick, 
terete,  slightly  tapering,  olive-brown  ;  Sowers  about 
three  quarters  of  a  line  in  diameter. — Native  country 
unknown  ;  cultivated  by  Mr.  W.  Bull,  of  Chelsea. 
N.  E.  Broaun,  Herbarium,  Kew, 


THE    GENUS    ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM. 

{.Continued /roin  p.  ro4.) 

Odontoglossum  Uko-Skinneri. — This  strictly 
cool-house  Orchid,  although  introduced  more  than 
thirty  years,  is  still  not  common.  It  has  creeping 
rhizomes,  flatfish  oval  pseudobulbs,  and  arching, 
broad  lanceolate  leaves.  The  scapes  are  erect,  flowers 
24  inches  across  ;  sepals  and  petals  yellow,  barred 
with  brown ;  the  lip,  which  constitutes  the  chief 
attraction  of  the  flower,  is  cordate,  white,  profusely 
spotted  and  mottled  with  rose  or  mauve.  The  plant 
usually  flowers  in  autumn,  and  lasts  three  months  in 
bloom  in  a  suitable  house.     Guatemala. 

O.  mcrONENSE  resembles  O.  Uro-Skinneri  in 
the  form  of  its  flowers,  which,  however,  are  only  half 
the  size  of  it.  Flower-spikes  erect,  often  4  feet, 
bearing  in  succession  many  flowers,  which  indi- 
vidually and  collectively  last  well,  and  often  keep  the 


plant  in  bloom  for  more  than  four  months  in  the  year. 
Sepals  and  petals  greenish-yellow  barred  with  brown, 
lip  cordate,  blush-white  to  rose  in  the  different  varie- 
ties.    Guatemala. 

O.  B.  SUPERBUM. — A  fine  variety,  with  sepals  and 

petals  rich  brown,  and  lip  rosy-purple. 

O.    B.   album. — Sepals  and  petals  yellow,  barred 

with   light  brownish-yellow   bars,    and  lip  pure 

white.     There  are  several  varieties  of  this,  some 

being  small-flowered.     The  best  have  flowers  as 

large  as  those  of  O.    Uro-Skinneri,  and  of  the 

same  substance.     A  good  example  of  it  is  in  Mr. 

Lee's  collection.     O.   bictonense,  which  was  the 

first   Odontoglossum  introduced  (1835),  and  its 

varieties,  are  very  free-growing, 

O.  Londesboroughianum. — This  is  very  distinct, 

and  not  near  enough  to  class  with  any  other.     The 

plant    has   glaucous-green    pseudobulbs,    which    are 

separated  by  running  stems.      The   narrow  ligulate 

leaves  fall  in  winter,  at  which  season  the  plants  require 

keeping   cool   and   rather   drier   than  most   Odonto- 

glossums.     The  flowers,  which  much  resemble  some 

of  the  large  yellow  Oncidiums,  are  borne  on  the  end 

of  the  stout  scapes.     Sepals  and  petals  yellow  barred 

with  brown,    lip   large,  often  nearly  2  inches  wide, 

bright  yellow.     It   is  a  showy  plant,   requiring  cool 

treatment  and  a  drier  atmosphere  while  in  flower  and 

until  growth  begins  again,  when  a  little  extra  heat  in 

a  well-ventilated  house  is  beneficial  to  it.     Mexico. 

0.  ROSEtJM  is  a  pretty  dwarf  growing  plant,  with 
small  pseudobulbs  and  leaves  resembling  a  small 
form  of  Mesospinidium  vulcanicum,  which  plant  its 
inflorescence  also  bears  a  likeness  to  in  colour  and 
general  appearance,  it  is,  however,  structurally 
difierent.  Flowers  bright  red,  often  two  dozen 
on  a  spike  ;  flowerspikes  numerous  in  strong  plants, 
thus  forming  very  pretty  objects.  A  cool-house 
plant  from  Peru. 

O.  RETUSUM. — This  forms  a  pretty  companion 
plant  for  O.  roseum,  it  being  of  the  same  dwarf  habit. 
Sepals  and  petals  orange,  lip  oblong,  varying  in  tint 
from  yellow  to  orange.  It  is  still  rare,  although 
Hartweg  found  it  on  rocks  on  the  mountains  of 
Saraguro,  Peru,  many  years  ago.  It  requires  similar 
treatment  to  0.  roseum.  James  O'Brien, 


METHOD     OF     PRESERVING 

TIMBER   IN  JAPAN. 

Now  that  we  are  getting  Tea  boxes  from  Japan, 
the  following  extract  from  the  Journal  of  Forestry 
will  be  interesting.  Be  it  noted,  then,  that  the 
Japanese  use  only  wood  previously  preserved  as  fol- 
lows : — 

Preservation  Process  applied  to  Timber, 
At  a  distance  of  20  or  30  chos  (i  cho  =  about  120 
yards)  from  the  sea,  and  near  the  mouth  of  a  stream, 
a  large  pond  is  dug,  so  that  the  sea  may  have  free 
access  to  it.  This  is  called  Kakoitoii  (or  storing  pond). 
Its  size  is  not  fixed,  but  generally  it  contains  an 
area  of  14,000  or  15,000  tenbos  (I  tenbo  =  about  36 
square  feet),  and  its  owner  keeps  his  office  near  by,  so 
that  he  may  transact  his  business  on  the  spot.  The 
circumference  of  the  pond  is  built  of  stone  or  wooden 
walls,  and  a  canal  is  dug  on  one  side  to  communicate 
with  the  river,  and  thence  with  the  sea  ;  the  flow  of 
the  tide  being  regulated  by  means  of  a  sluice.  The 
pond  should  not  be  deeper  than  5  feet  in  the  central 
parts  at  full  tide,  and  not  shallower  than  2  feet  in  the 
margin  at  ebb  tide.  The  right  proportion  of  salt  and 
fresh  water  for  the  pond  is  six  parts  of  the  former  to 
four  of  the  latter,  for  if  the  salt  water  exceeds  this 
proportion  timber  becomes  blackish  in  colour,  and 
is  liable  to  .be  much  eaten  by  worms ;  if,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  proportion  of  salt  water  becomes 
less,  it  is  much  sooner  decayed  than  otherwise.  The 
velocity  of  the  flow  of  tide  should  also  be  very  care- 
fully regulated,  for  if  the  current  is  either  too  rapid 
or  too  slow,  timber  is  again  very  liable  to  be  much 
injured  by  worms.  Hence  in  those  places  where 
there  are  two  or  three  ponds  near  one  another,  their 
owner  generally  amalgamates  them,  on  agreement,  by 
means  of  small  canals,  which  arrangement  regulates 
the  flow  of  tide  very  considerably.  Timber  for  storing 
is  usually  piled  in  five  layers  according  to  its  quality  ; 
the  lowest  layer  consisting  of  middle-class  timber  ; 
the  next  layer  of  first-class  timber,  the  next  layer 
above  again  of  middle-class  timber  ;  the  next  layer  of 
third-class  timber ;  whilst  the  uppermost  layer,  which 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


231 


is  usually  exposed  above  the  surface  of  Ihe  water, 
consists  of  very  low  quality,  and  by  its  weight  the 
lower  four  layers  are  kept  sunk  under  water.  Those 
five  layers  are  piled  one  upon  another  alternately  at 
right  angles,  so  that  the  whole  arrangement  presents 
the  appearance  of  a  toothed  cube.  Sometimes,  how- 
ever, the  pile  consists  of  only  two  or  three  layers  ; 
in  that  lease  they  are  tied  to  a  big  log  (about  12 
to  15  feet  in  length,  and  7  or  S  inches  in  diameter) 
standing  near  by,  and  are  thus  prevented  froai  floating 
about  freely  ;  sometimes  also  one  or  two  separate 
pieces  of  different  kinds  of  timber  are  kept  in  the 
pond  for  specimens.  The  durability  of  timber  depends 
greatly  on  the  amount  of  care  bestowed  on  it,  and 
to  this  end  the  washing  is  the  most  important.  Twice 
in  a  year,  generally  in  June  or  November,  the  cubi- 
cal mass  of  timber  above  described  is  disengaged, 
and  each  piece  is  well  washed  by  means  of  a  straw 
brush.  The  different  pieces  are  then  reconstructed 
in  a  cube,  but  with  the  following  alteration  in  the 
arrangement :— The  middle-class  timber,  which  before 
constituted  the  third  layer,  now  forms  the  lowest 
layer,  and  the  middle-class  timber  which  in  the 
former  case  was  at  the  very  bottom,  now  occupies  the 
third  layer.  If  washing  cannot  be  done  twice  a  year, 
it  must  be  performed  once  a  year  at  least.  In  the 
following  table  are  shown  (in  the  first  column)  the 
names  of  different  kinds  of  timber,  in  the  second 
column  the  number  of  years  for  which  they  may  be 
preserved  in  the  timber  store,  and  in  the  third  column 
the  period  at  which  they  are  best  adapted  for  use  : — 

I.  II.  III. 

Hinoltai  (Thuia  obtusa)        ..         . .     for  S    after  3 

Matsou  or  Momi  (Abies  6rma)       ..      „  4  ..  '5 

Sugi  (Cryptomeria  japonica)           ..      „  5  ,,  - 

Tsuga(Tsuga  Sieboldii)        ..        ..      ,,  6  „  2 

Hiba  (Thuia  dolabrata)        ,  S  ,,  3 

Tawara  (Thuia  pisifera)        ..          ..       ,  8  ,,  3 

Reyaki  (Zelkowa  Keyaki) ,  8  ,.  3 

KashiC        „            „        ) ,  iQ  „  4 

(The  number  of  years  is  calculated  from  the  day  of 
felling,  and  the  time  which  is  spent  before  timber 
comes  to  the  store  is  reckoned  to  be  one  year.) 

A  pond  of  15,000  tembo  in  area  can,  on  the  aver- 
age, store  up  about  £0,ooo  pieces  of  timber.  They 
are  of  various  lengths,  as  the  following  figures  show  : — 

Lengths  of  timber  (in  kens)     2,  3,  2.5,  4,  3.5,  4.5,5,  6 
Percentage  iiumbtr . .      50,  20,  i.o,  5,  i.o,  5,  percent. 

Thus  one-halt  of  the  whole  timber  in  the  pond  is  of 
2  kens  in  length,  one-lifth  is  of  3  kens  in  length,  &c. 
(i  ken  =  2  yards.) 

At  ordinary  times,  only  three  or  four  men  are  em- 
ployed, whose  daily  wage  is  35  to  45  kus  (?),  but  at 
the  washing  season  fifteen  men  are  employed  daily  for 
a  period  of  about  half  a  month. 


SOME  WORKMEN'S  GARDENS. 

Among  the  many  beneficent  schemes  with  which 
the  honoured  name  of  the  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts  is 
associated  there  is  none  more  useful  and  productive  of 
solid  advantage  to  workmen  and  their  families  than 
cottage  garden  allotments.  The  boon  is  not  the  less 
appreciated  because  the  recipient  is  conscious  that  he 
will  owe  whatever  profit  may  accrue  mainly  to  his  own 
well-directed  and  persistent  efforts,  while  leaving  un- 
touched the  feelings  of  self-respect  and  independence 
which  are  the  honest  Englishmans'  backbone.  What 
is  provided  by  the  Baroness  Coutts'  considerate  kind- 
ness at  Highbury  Rise  is  the  opportunity  for  profit- 
able employment  of  spare  time,  and  not  a  mere 
charitable  dole.  It  is  an  admirable  example  of  what 
may  be  done  by  helping  working  men  to  help  them- 
selves. There  is  a  consequent  advantage — moral, 
physical,  and  pecuniary — in  the  growth  and  encou- 
ragement of  industrious,  thrifty,  order-loving,  and 
property-respecting  habits.  Such  institutions,  more- 
over, when  well-managed,  as  both  this  and  the  older 
society  at  Highgate  undoubtedly  are,  are  eminently 
calculated  to  foster  a  love  and  attachment  to  the  home 
and  its  surroundings,  and  to  encourage  the  desire  of 
ownership  and  possession  in  the  soil — a  feeling  of  the 
highest  value  and  importance  to  the  working  classes. 
A  pleasing  feature  in  the  case  is  the  interest  taken  by 
the  wives  and  children  in  the  management  of  the 
gardens,  and  their  eagerness  to  give  assistance  in 
weeding  and  watering,  especially  in  carrying  home 
the  produce.  When  country  and  town  children  are 
taught  systematically  something  of  plant  life  and  gar- 
dening by  means  of  small  plots  attached  to,  or  con- 
veniently accessible  from,  the  school  premises,  such 


allotments  as  these  will  form  an  admirable  supple- 
ment to  the  school-teaching  by  affording  opportunity 
for  study  and  experiment,  as  well  as  employment 
healthful,  profitable,  and  pleasant. 

Holly  Lodge  (fig.  48,  p.  237),  the  charming  old- 
fashioned  residence  of  the  Baroness  and  Mr.  W.  L.  A. 
Burdett-Coutts,  M.P.,  occupies,  as  our  readers  are  no 
doubt  aware,  a  picturesque  and  elevated  site  near  the 
summit  of  Highgate  Hill.  Wiihin  less  than  five  miles 
of  Charing  Cross,  embowered  among  rugged  Elms, 
Oaks,  and  Chestnuts,  with  huge  banks  of  evergreens 
and  I<.hododendrons,  beds  of  Roses,  arches  festooned 
with  fragrant  Honeysuckle  and  Clematis,  brilliant 
parterres,  borders  of  sweet  old-fashioned  flowers,  the 
softest  and  smoothest  of  green  turf,  the  song  of  the 
blackbird  and  thrush,  and  the  plaintive  cooing  of  the 
wood-pigeon,  so  pleasantly  suggestive  of  woodland 
solitudes,— one  might  fancy  that  great  London,  with 
its  din  and  turmoil,  were  a  hundred  miles  distant. 
But  walk  a  few  yards  down  that  shady  path  and  the 
illusion  is  dispelled.  From  the  little  terrace  by  the 
gardener's,  "Mr.  Willard's,"  cosy  cottage  the  great 
panorama  opens  before  us  as  in  a  dream.  Behind  is 
a  semicircle  of  tall  trees,  green  meadows  slope  in 
front — a  cricket-match  is  going  on  in  the  field 
below— then  another  belt  of  trees,  surrounding  the 
picturesque  cottages  of  Holly  Village,  and  beyond, 
stretching  upwards  to  the  horizon,  with  just  grey  haze 
enough  to  lend  mystery  and  suggestiveness  to  the 
picture,  the  houses,  towers,  and  steeples  of  mighty 
London, 

Near  to  Holly  Lodge  are  the  allotment  gardens, 
adjoining  the  St.  Anne's  Schools.  They  contain,  at 
present,  an  area  of  3  acres,  but  it  is  hoped  that  the 
great  success  which  attends  their  cultivation,  and  the 
urgent  desire  for  further  extension  from  a  numerous 
and  increasing  population,  will  be  met  by  an  addition 
of  2  acres,  the  remaining  portion  of  the  enclosure, 
originally  a  brickfield.  The  land  is  let  to  the  com- 
mittee of  the  Society  at  £1  an  acre  only.  It  is  the 
property  of  the  Baroness  Coutts,  and  would  be  of 
great  value,  of  course,  as  a  building  site.  There  are 
forty-eight  tenants,  each  holding  a  plot  of  9  poles.  A 
cart-road  traverses  the  ground,  enabling  any  tenant  to 
bring  manure  to  his  garden  without  crossing  the  land 
of  another.  There  is  a  large  iron  tank  in  the  centre, 
with  an  unlimited  supply  of  water  laid  on.  For  the 
use  of  this  a  uniform  charge  of  is.  6J.  each  tenant  is 
made.  The  rent  is  Is.  per  pole ;  and,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  small  payment  for  water,  there  are  no 
other  charges  whatever.  The  tenants  comprise 
labourers,  mechanics,  and  policemen — the  latter,  as 
we  were  informed  by  a  facetious  visitor,  are  better 
pleased  to  "take  up"  Potatos  than  wrongdoers. 
One  great  inducement  to  the  cultivation  of  an  allot- 
ment is  a  change  of  occupation  ;  but  the  secret  lies 
most  probably  in  freedom  from  restraint,  and  the 
satisfaction  arising  from  successful  labour,  combined 
with  the  sense  of  ownership  so  aptly  described  by 
Crabbe  : — 

"  It  is  his  own  he  sees — his  master's  eye 
Peers  not  about  some  secret  fault  to  spy, 
Nor  voice  severe  is  there,  nor  censure  known  ; 
Hope,  pleasure,  profit— they  are  all  his  own." 

The  allotment  gardens  at  Highgate  Rise  are  among 
the  best  cultivated  in  England,  and  they  reflect  the 
highest  credit  on  both  the  tenants  and  those  imme- 
diately concerned  in  their  management.  This  result 
is  probably  owing  to  the  healthy  rivalry  induced  by  a 
judiciously-arranged  prize  scheme,  carried  out  per- 
sistently, and  with  the  strictest  impartiality,  under 
the  guidance  and  help  of  Mr.  Willatd  and  Mr.  F.  H. 
Bartlett,  the  Hon.  Secretary. 

In  addition  to  informal  visits,  the  allotments  are 
inspected  officially  three  times  in  the  year,  and  the 
condition  on  each  occasion  is  carefully  registered. 
The  total  number  of  marks  awarded  determines  the 
prize.  As  a  general  rule  from  eight  to  ten  kinds  of 
vegetables  are  grown,  with  small  fruits  and  flowers. 
The  same  careful  system  o(  inspection  is  applied  in 
awardmg  the  prizes  for  window-gardening.  The 
entries  are  duly  made,  and  three  personal  visits  paid 
to  each  competitor,  in  order  to  determine  the  average 
degree  of  merit.  The  blue  riband  of  the  Bruukfield 
cottage  allotments  was  won  on  Saturday,  July  24,  for 
the  third  time,  by  Mr.  Charles  Parling,  a  bricklayer's 
labourer.  His  pretty  garden  was  in  admirable  order 
and  high  cultivation.  It  contained  no  less  than 
fifteen  kinds  of  vegetables  and  a  delightful  little 
Sower  border.  It  must  have  been  an  arduous  task 
for  the  judges  to  decide  between  the  merits  of  Par- 


'■ir's  garden  and  those  of  the  second  best,  Messrs. 
Williams  and  Parsons,  both  of  which  were  in  a  highly 
creditable  condition. 

There  is  one  great  advantage  in  these  open  plots  ; 
each  tenant  can  watch  his  neighbour  at  work,  and 
see  the  results  of  his  labours.  It  is  owing,  no  doubt, 
to  the  intelligence  and  industry  bestowed  upon  their 
plots  by  the  aforesaid  successful  competitors  that  such 
a  high  degree  of  average  excellence  is  attained.  There 
are  two  other  circumstances,  however,  which  contri- 
bute to  the  result — the  abundance  and  cheapness  of 
manure  (which  at  present  may  be  purchased  and 
delivered  at  IJ-.  a  load),  and  a  constant  supply 
of  water  conveniently  situated  in  the  centre  of  the 
field. 

Bee-keeping  has  lately  been  started  among  the 
tenants.  Last  year  six  stocks,  with  suitable  hives 
and  supers,  were  presented  by  the  Baroness,  the  only 
condition  being  that  each  owner  of  a  stock  should 
give  one  swarm,  the  first,  to  the  tenant  having  priority 
of  claim. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  garden  produce  was  held 
in  a  tent  on  the  cricket-field  near  the  gardens.  The 
vegetables  shown  were  unusually  fine,  and  there  were 
also  creditable  specimens  of  window  plants,  designs 
for  garden  window-boxes,  and  nosegays.  During  the 
afternoon  the  fine  band  of  the  Y  Division  of  the 
Metropolitan  Police  performed  at  intervals,  and  the 
show  and  gardens  were  personally  inspected  by  the 
Baroness  Coutts.  £c/w,  'July  29. 


jREJEg      AND      ^HF^UBg. 

RUBUS  PHa3;NIC0LASlU.S. 
This  is  a  very  handsome  Bramble,  striking  at  first 
sight  from  the  shaggy  crimson  glandular  hairs  with 
which  it  is  so  plentifully  beset,  and  from  which  it 
derives  its  name  {p/u^nix,  red,  lasics,  shaggy).  The 
leaves  resemble  those  of  the  Raspberry,  but  are  of  a 
silvery  white  on  the  under  surface.  The  flowers  are 
in  terminal  panicles,  the  pedicels  and  elongated  calyx- 
lobes  densely  clothed  with  long  crimson  hairs,  each 
tipped  with  a  small  globular  gland.  The  fruit  is 
about  the  size  of  a  small  Cherry,  clear  orange-red, 
shorter  than  the  persistent  calyx-lobes.  It  is 
noteworthy  that  while  the  fruit  is  unripe  and  green 
the  calyx-lobes  fold  over  it,  and  thus  protect  it  from 
the  incursions  of  birds,  while  the  viscid  hairs  keep 
off  undesirable  insect  visitors,  but  when  the  fruit 
ripens  the  sepals  unfold,  spreading  horizontally,  form- 
ing a  flat  dish,  on  which  the  fruit  is  presented  for 
the  attraction  and  appreciation  of  birds,  who  after 
regaling  themselves,  secure  unwittingly  the  perpetua- 
tion of  the  species  by  ejecting  the  seeds.  The  plant 
is  a  native  of  Japan,  and  for  a  specimen  of  it  we  are 
indebted  to  the  Rev.  Canon  EUacombe,  in  whose 
garden  near  Bristol  it  proves  to  be  quite  hardy. 

PICEA  Glehni. 
We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Boehmer,  of  Yokohama, 
for  a  few  [cones  of  this  Japanese  and  North-East 
Asiatic  Spruce.  The  tree  was  described  and  figured 
in  these  columns  in  1S80,  March  6,  from  specimens 
received  from  Mr.  Maries,  but  is  at  present  not  widely 
known.  We  should  not  suppose  it  to  be  a  very  orna- 
mental species,  but  as  a  timber  tree  it  might  thrive  in 
cold,  wet  localities,  where  the  Spruce  would  not 
grow.     At  any  rate,  it  would  be  worth  trying. 

Genista  Andkeana. 
Under  this  name  is  described  and  figured  in  the 
Kcvus  Horticok,  a  variety  of  the  common  Broom 
in  which  the  side  petals  or  wings  are  of  a  rich  golden- 
brown,  which  contrasts  well  with  the  rich  yellow  of 
the  standard.  Judging  from  the  figure  this  will  make 
a  very  handsome  addition  to  our  shrubberies.  As 
this  is  only  a  varieiy  of  the  common  Broom,  Cytisus 
scoparius,  we  should  prefer,  for  garden  purposes,  to 
call  it  Andie's  Cytisus,  for  the  purer  vernacular, 
Andre's  Broom,  might  be  ohj-:ciiooahle  to  our  friend's 
feelings  ! 

.Sambucus  califormca. 

Our  old  friend  and  colleague,  Mr.  Thomas  Moore, 
sends  us  from  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden  a  speci- 
men of  this  Californian  Elder,  a  hardy  deciduous 
shrub,  orlow  tree,  of  great  beauty.  The  leaflets  are 
narrower,  more  truly  lance-shaped  than  those  of  the 
common  Elder,  and  have  a  milky  appearance,  pro- 
bably  due   to   the  profusion   ot    very   minute   white 


232 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  1886. 


scales  with  which  the  upper  surface  is  beset.  The 
lower  surface  of  the  leaves,  like  the  shoots,  is  covered 
with  soft  hairs,  which  give  a  velvety  feel  to  the 
plant.  The  flowers  are  like  those  of  the  common 
Elder,  but  cream-coloured  or  pale  sulphur-coloured, 
and  are  succeeded  by  black  berries,  so  covered  with 
glaucous  bloom  as  to  appear  quite  blue. 

The  Bluk  Douglas  Fir. 
This  is  the  Colorado  form  of  the  noble  Douglas 
Spruce,  and  when  well  developed  is  as  blue  as  the 
Blue  Spruce  (P.  pungens  gUuca),  the  Picea,  or 
Abies  Parryana  glauca  of  gardens.  It  is  a  form 
well  worth  cultivating  for  its  ornamental  character. 

Fine  Trees  at  Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  & 

Co.'s  Nurseries. 
At  these  nurseries,  near  Exeter,  the  fallowing  trees 
were  noted  this  year : — 

Cupressus  sempervirens,  26  feet  high. 

Taxus  baccata  Dovastonii,  25  feet  high  ;  girth  of 
trunk  near  base.  42  inches  ;  30  feet  wide. 

Araucaria  imbricata,  32  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near 
base,  5  feet  4  inches  ;  30  feet  wide. 

Cupressus  torulosa,  25  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near 
base.  29  inches. 

Quercus  Fordii,  20  feet  high  ;  two  perfect  pyramids, 
ach  about  49  feet  around. 

Cephalotaxus  Fortunei,  15  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk 
near  base,  28  inches  ;  15  feet  wide. 

This  plant  was  given  to  the  late  Mr.  Pince  by  Mr. 
Robert  Fortune,  and  is  reputed  to  be  one  of  the 
largest,  if  not  the  largest,  specimens  in  Britain. 

Pinus  parviflora,  18  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near  base, 
38  inches;  21  feet  wide. 

P.  insignis,  50  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near  base, 
7  feet :  25  feet  wide. 

Thuia  gigantea,  33  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near  base, 
4  feet :  15  feet  wide. 

Picea  excelsa  monstrosa,  3->  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk 
near  base,  21  inches. 

Juniperus  pendula,  15  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near 
base.  25  inches. 

Cupressus  Lambertiana,  40  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk 
near  base,  7  feet ;  40  feet  wide. 

Taxus  baccata  foliis  variegatus  (the  golden  English 
Yew),  15  feet  high. 

Two  magniScent  specimens,  noteworthy  from  the 
fact  of  being  the  very  plants  which  won  the  1st  prize 
at  the  great  Exhibition  at  Manchester  in  1874,  when 
also  Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  were  awarded 
the  premier  prize  /or  their  unique  collection  of 
splendid  Conifers. 

Juniperus  drupacea,  20  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near 
base,  19  inches. 

Thuiopsis  borealis  pendula,  30  feet  high  ;  girth  of 
trunk  near  base,  36  inches. 

Athrotaxis  selaginoides,  10  feet  high. 

ChaniEKrops  excelsa,  12  feet  high  ;  girth  of  trunk  near 
base,  15  inches  ;  10  feet  wide. 

This  fine  Palm  enjoys  a  prominent  position  in  the 
rock  garden  here,  and  braved  the  inclement  weather 
of  the  past  severe  winter  without  protection,  save  that 
afforded  by  neighbouring  trees  and  shrubs  and  rocks. 
W.  Napper,  Alphington  Cross. 


BO  C  H  YM. 

In  that  distant  part  of  West  Cornwall— the  stony 
district  of  the  Lizard — in  the  parish  of  Cury,  stands 
the  picturesque  and  historical  house  and  manor  of 
Bochym.  A  place  distinguished  for  its  antiquity  and 
romantic  history,  moreover,  Bochym  is  often  spoken 
of  as  "  The  first  and  last  gentleman's  house  in 
England."  As  seen  from  the  coach  as  it  rolls  along 
the  road  to  or  from  the  Lizard,  this  grand  old  man- 
sion is  a  familiar  object,  surrounded  by  great  numbers 
of  noble  trees  and  shrubs — glimpses  of  its  quaint 
gables  continually  arrest  the  gaze  wherever  the 
luxuriant  foliage  permits  it.  The  landscape  at 
Bochym  is  lovely — so  distinct  from  the  desolate  bar- 
renness of  the  adjoining  downs,  that  the  contrast, 
makes  the  place  all  the  more  beautiful.  It  was  my 
good  fortune  to  visit  this  place  during  the  leafy  month 
of  June,  just  past  ;  and  I  shall  not  forget  the  kind- 
ness of  the  owner  (Sydney  Davey,  Esq.),  and  Mrs. 
Divey  in  showing  me  the  gardens  and  grounds  of  their 
ancestral  home.  The  entrance  lodge  is  a  pretty  feature 
and  from  this  point  the  winding  carriage  drive  for  a 
long  distance  is  bordered  on  one  side  with  a  series  of 
fish   ponds,  shaded  by  the  overhanging  trees  of  the 


adjoining  woods,  their  banks  effectively  planted  with 
marsh  plants  and  Osmundas.  These  ponds  have 
been  formed  by  making  dams  of  huge  rocks,  hemming 
in  the  silvery  stream  which  rushes  down  from  the 
rocky  hills  hard  by.  A  stretch  of  land  on  the  other 
side  of  the  drive  is  planted  with  Pines  and  Firs  and 
other  coniferous  trees,  and  deserves  the  appellation — 
a  Pinetum.  There  are  fine  specimens  of  Thuia 
Lobbil,  Pinus  excelsa,  Abies  Nordmanniana,  Pinus 
insignis,  Cryptomeria  japonica,  Cupressus  macro- 
carpa,  Taxodiums,  and  others.  Adjoining  the  house 
is  a  commodious  conservatory  of  such  an  imposing 
appearance  that  it  becomes  in  reality  a  wing  of  the 
building.  It  was  furnished  at  the  period  of  my 
visit  with  a  variety  of  flowering  plants,  Palms, 
Ferns,  and  at  the  further  end  is  a  miniature  rockery 
well  designed  and  planted,  the  jutting  crags  and 
boulders  affording  effective  positions  for  choice  Ferns 
and  other  plants.  Water  of  course  is  a  feature 
that  has  been  made  much  of  by  the  designer.  Almost 
directly  in  front  of  the  mansion,  but  some  distance 
olT,  are  the  kitchen  gardens,  plant-houses,  and  forcing- 
pits,  hidden  more  or  less  from  the  house  by  a  number 
of  remarkable  terraces  and  flower  gardens  dating  from 
a  past  age.  One  of  these  Mrs.  Davey  was  pleased  to 
call  her  own  garden,  and  which  to  my  mind  is  the 
heau  ideal  of  a  lady's  garden,  there  being  no  attempt 
whatever  at  formal  planting  or  strict  training,  simply  a 
garden  with  grassy  plots  and  gracefully  serpentine 
borders,  where  you  could  ramble  about  among  Sun- 
flowers, Poppies,  Dahlias,  Roses,  Salvias,  Anemones, 
and  scores  of  herbaceous  plants,  and  where  at  most 
seasons  of  the  year  flowers  are  to  be  found.  Mr. 
Thomas  Dorothy  the  head  gardener,  is  a  persevering 
and  obliging  young  man,  under  whose  management 
the  gardens  of  Bochym  are  likely  to  be  kept  in  good 
order.    IV.  Napper,  Alphington  Cross, 


ARDISIA    JAPONICA. 

One  of  the  prettiest  berried  plants  for  greenhouses 
is  one  which  is  made  much  use  of  at  Kew  for  deco- 
rative purposes.  As  our  illustration  (fig.  44),  taken 
from  a  plant  in  No.  4  house  at  Kew,  shows,  the  plant 
as  grown  in  a  small  pot  forms  a  dwarf  compact  shrub 
with  whorled  leaves,  which  are  lanceolate,  serrulate, 
evergreen,  tapering  at  both  ends.  The  flowers  are 
white  and  succeeded  by  globular  red  berries,  which 
are  produced  freely,  and  form  a  nice  contrast  to  the 
dark  green  foliage.  It  has  the  appearance  of  being 
nearly,  if  not  quite,  hardy. 


]pRUIT      J^OTEg. 


EARLY  PEACHES 


I  CONSIDER  Alexander,  Waterloo,  and  Amsden 
almost  identical  and  possibly  quite  so  ;  if  there  is 
any  difference  Amsden  is  inferior  in  flavour.  They 
are  all  earlier  than  liale's  Early.  I  gathered  Alex- 
ander, on  July  12,  and  Hale's  Early,  on  July3I,  from  a 
cold  house.  Waterloo  and  Early  Beatrice  were  ripe 
here  outside  on  July  12  on  a  south  wall.  One  large 
tree  of  Waterloo,  18  feet  by  13,  was  moved  out  of  the 
early  Peach-house  last  autumn  without  any  soil 
attached,  and  has  perfected  twelve  dozen  fruit, 
some  of  them  very  fine.  This  proves  beyond  a 
doubt  that  large  Peach  trees  may  be  moved  with 
perfect  safety,  and  I  consider  they  are  benefited  by  it. 

We  were  compelled  to  move  every  tree  in  our  iSo 
feet  range  last  autumn  in  order  to  put  drainage  in  the 
borders,  which  from  some  unaccountable  reason  had 
been  omitted  when  the  borders  were  first  made. 

These  trees  have  borne  much  more  fruit  this  year 
than  they  did  before  ;  one  large  tree  of  Early  Beatrice 
was  brought  from  the  100  feet  span-house  ;  this 
measured  20  feet  by  13  ;  it  was  planted  on  October  13, 
and  has  borne  fourteen  dozen  fruit,  much  finer  than 
this  variety  generally  is.  The  first  one  was  ripe 
April  17.    IF.  }{.  Divers,  Ketton  Hall. 

Apple  Leyden  Pippin. 
This  Apple  was  exhibited  once  or  twice  at  the  Con- 


gress, and  in  the  report  is  "  damned  with  faint  praise." 
Here  in  Scilly,  itis  one  of  the  most  popular  Apples,  both 
for  eating  and  cooking,  and  one  of  the  most  enduring 
of  sea  winds,  is  a  variety  called  Box  Apple,  which 
appears  v;ry  like  the  said  Leyden  Pippin.  It  ripens 
very  early  in  the  season,  and  has  a  very  pleasant  spicy 
flavour  and  sweet  wilhal.  The  fruit  varies  much  in 
bulk,  but  would  be  classed  >s  medium-sized.  The 
tree  is  vigorous  and  hardly  ever  fails  to  bear  a  respect- 
able yield.  It  seems  a  suitable  Apple  to  be  planted 
in  gardens  by  the  sea, 'which  are  exposed  to  winds 
laden  with  salt  spray.  Perhaps  the  .light  sandy 
soil  of  these  islands  improves  the  flavour,  indeed  for 
early  Apples,  like  Mr.  Gladstone  and  Irish  Peach,  I 
am  convinced  it  is  especially  favourable.  //  Vagabondo. 

Gathering  Fruit. 
Our  contemporary,  the  Revue  Horticole,  calls 
attention  to  the  desirability  under  certain  circum- 
stances of  gathering  fruit  before  it  is  ripe  (entre 
cueillage).  By  this  means,  in  the  case  of  Apples  and 
Pears,  the  fermentation  and  chemical  changes  go  on 
more  slowly  and  regularly,  with  the  result  that  the 
flavour  is  superior  and  longer  preserved.  Winter 
fruits,  on  the  other  hand,  should  be  allowed  to  hang 
as  long  as  possible.  Even  in  the  case  of  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  our  colleagues  prefer  to  gather  the  fruits 
before  they  are  ripe,  and  to  allow  them  to  mature  in 
a  dark,  cool,  well  ventilated  room.  The  fruits  may 
be  covered  with  thin  canvass  or  even  paper ;  their 
duration  may  thus  be  advantageously  prolonged. 

BEURRfi  Hardy  Pear. 

This  is  one  of  the  best  autumn  Pears,  of  middle 
size,  regular  pyriform  shape,  short  stalk,  obliquely 
set,  shallow  eye,  reddish-brown  skin,  and  white  juicy 
flesh,  pervaded  wi'h  a  delicate  musky  taste.  It 
originated  as  a  seedling  with  M.  Bonnet,  of  Boulogne- 
sur-Mer.  It  succeds  best  on  the  Quince.  It  is  well 
figured  in  a  recent  number  of  the  BiiUelin  ifArliori- 
cultiti  e. 

Count  of  Flanders  Pear. 

This  is  one  of  those  few  Pears  in  which  the  seeds 
or  pips  are  not  developed.  It  is  of  large  size,  elongate 
pyriform,  with  a  short  stalk,  green  or  yellowish  skin, 
and  white  melting  sugary  flesh.  The  fruit  is  in 
season  in  December — January,  and  is  of  excellent 
quality.  A  good  figure  is  given  In  a  recent  number 
of  the  Bitlietin  dArboricuUure. 


ROSES  AT  CHESHUNT, 

The  name  of  the  old  nursery  at  Cheshunt  naturally 
turns  one'sthoughtstoRoses,  and  though  the  timethese 
scattered  notes  were  taken — at  the  latter  end  of  July — 
was  Ute  for  the  tide  of  exhibition  flowers,  yet,  to  see 
these  was  not  the  object  I  had  in  view,  but  rather  to 
have  a  look  at  some  varieties  that  have  appeared  during 
the  last  two  or  three  years,  and  see  how  they  are 
likely  to  meet  the  wants  of  Rose  growers  who,  in 
addition  to  the  kinds  they  cultivate,  require  them  to 
be  vigorous  growers,  free  bloomers,  and,  as  regards 
the  hybrid  perpetual  varieties,  that  will  give  a  succes- 
sion of  bloom  such  as  to  make  them  deserving  of  the 
name.  The  ability  of  new  Roses  to  come  up  to  this 
standard  is  not  proved  until  a  year  or  two  has  elapsed 
after  their  first  appearance,  and  they  have  had  time 
to  get  over  the  ordeal  that  now  attends  new 
varieties  in  the  forcing  and  subdivision  that 
they  are  subjected  to  with  a  view  to  get  up  the 
required  stock  in  the  shortest  time. 

Grandeur  of  Ciifshunt.  —  Oaz  of  Messrs.  Paul  & 
Son's  new  Roses  of  1883  ;  it  is  an  excellent  variety, 
blooming  early,  and  keeping  on  up  to  November. 
The  flowers  are  large,  colour  vivid  shaded  crimson  — 
in  the  way  of  Charles  Lefebvre. 

Marshall  P.  IVilder. — Amongst  the  new  varieties 
that  came  out  in  1884,  this  was  in  fine  condition  ;  the 
flowers  very  large,  of  good  form,  the  colour  being 
cherry-carmine ;  a  free  bloomer,  and  vigorous  in 
growth.  So  striking  is  this  variety,  that  at  a  distance 
from  the  quarter  in  which  it  was  growing  the  long  rows 
of  colour  stood  out  distinctly  from  the  others  growing 
with  it.  It  is  an  American  variety,  sent  out  by  Elwanger, 
and,  independent  of  its  merits  .^s  a  show  Rose,  is 
likely  to  become  as  popular  as  a  garden  variety  as 
A.  K.  Williams.  Evidently  the  Americans  are  not 
disposed  to  leave  all  the  plums  to  the  Old  World  in 
the  raising  of  new  Roses. 

Eclair,- — This  is  another  telling  Rose,  in  shape 
somewhat  globular,   petals  reflexed ;    the   colour  is 


August  2(,   rS 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


233 


vivid  scarlet  suffused  with  crimson.  Keeps  on  bloom- 
ing until  stopped  by  cold  wealher. 

Ella  Gordon  (W.  Paul  &  Son).— A  really  fine  Rose, 
globular  in  shape,  and  very  full  |  colour  cherry-red. 
Habit  of  growth  free  and  vigorous. 

Coinle  Benoil.— This  Rose  was  in  fine  condition. 
The  colour  is  a  peculiar  shade  of  red,  brighter  at  the 
outer  edge  of  the  petals.     Growth  free  and  vigorous, 


distinct  appearance.  It  is  likely  to  become  a  favourite, 
the  form  of  the  flowers  being  good. 

Clara  Soiipert. — A  pretty  Bower,  salmon-pink  in 
colour.  A  free  grower,  keeping  on  flowering  until 
the  autumn. 

American  Beauty. — A  new  American  H.P.,  with  a 
high  character.  The  flowers,  which  are  large, 
are  of  a  pink  colour  and  fragrant,     Evidently  it  is  a 


identical  in   form   with   Catherine  Mermet,   having 
plenty  of  petals  in  it. 

SttKset  is  another  new  Tea  Rose  of  American 
origin,  sent  out  by  Henderson  of  New  York.  This 
also  is  a  sport,  I  understand,  from  Ferle  des  Jardins ; 
colour  orange  tinged  with  red.  It  differs  from  all 
other  varieties,  and  is  a  profuse  bloomer.  A  numbtr 
of  plants  in  one  of  the  houses.were  covered  with]  bud 


Fig.  44.— ardisia  japonica  :  berries  red.     (see  p.  232.) 


Of  last  year's  Roses  : — 

Victor  Hugo  is  a  fine  variety,  crimson  shaded 
with  purple,  the  flowers  full.  It  beats  that  fine 
coloured  but  somewhat  miffy-growing  variety,  Xavier 
Olibo.  The  growth  is  not  quite  so  strong  as 
desirable. 

PriJe  of  Reigate.  — This  sport  seems  to  retain  the 
character  of  the  flowers  as  it  first  appeared,  whilst  the 
successional  habit  of  the  variety  from  which  it  sprung 
(Countess  of  Oxford)  also  remains.  The  colour, 
white  stripes  on  a  pale  crimson  ground,  gives  it  a 


ree  bloomer,  as  small  plants  on  their  own  roots, 
received  in  December,  flowered  last  March. 

Grace  Djrling,  H.  P. — one  of  Bennett's  Tea- 
scented  seedlings — is  likely  to  be  a  useful  variety  for 
cutting  in  the  bud  state  ;  the  colour  is  cteamy-white, 
the  petals  edged  with  rose.  It  is  a  very  free 
bloomer 

7he  Pearl. — The  new  Tea  Rose,  a  white  sport 
from  Catherine  Mermet,  is  much  liked  by  Mr.  Paul. 
There  is  little  doubt  that  it  will  become  a  favourite 
variety  for  cutting  in  the   bud  state.     It  is  all  but 


to  an  extent  I  have  not  before  seen  in  any  Tea  Rose, 
It  is  an  excellent  forcer. 

Comtesse  de  frigueuses,  one  of  this  year's  new  Tea 
varieties,  is  evidently  a  good  yellow  Rose. 

Several  promising  seedlings  raised  here  have 
bloomed  for  the  first  time  this  season  ;  they  are  dis- 
tinct in  colour  and  general  character,  and  will  prob- 
ably be  seen  when  they  have  undergone  the  usual 
trials  here. 

Climbing  Roses. 

IValtham   Climber,  No,   3. — This    seems   to   have 


234 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[August  21,  i8 


mote  Tea  blood  in  il  than  Reine  Marie  Heniielte.  The 
colour  is  rosy-crimson  ;  it  is  very  fragrant,  and  is  fitted 
for  a  climbing  or  pillar  Rose,  having  plenty  of  vigour. 

Paul's  Single  U'/iite. — An  effective  variety,  adapted 
for  scrambling  over  old  walls,  buildings,  and  the  like. 
The  flowers  are  single,  2.^  inches  in  diameter,  and 
quite  white.  Its  habit  of  keeping  on  blooming  is  in 
its  favoar. 

Jiciiie  Olga  ile  Witrtctiihcrg — an  insufficiently 
known  II. P. — is  another  remarkable  climbing  Rose 
that  makes  immense  growth.  The  flowers  are  semi- 
double,  of  a  blight  crimson  colour. 

Of  Polyanlha  Roses,  one  of  the  very  best,  if  not 
the  best,  is  Anna  Maria  Montravel  ;  the  flowers  are 
very  full,  imbricated,  pure  while  in  colour,  and  pro- 
duced in  such  profusion  as  to  all  but  hide  the  leaves. 

Those  who  require  a  Rose  that  will  cover  the 
greatest  possible  space  in  a  short  time  should  pro- 
cure R.  Brunonis,  the  Nepaulese  Brier  ;  when  once 
established  in  fair  soil  it  will  make  shoots  20  feet  or 
more  in  length  in  a  season.  The  flowers  are  white, 
single,  and  produced  in  bunches.  In  its  way  it  is 
very  effective.  Amongst  other  Roses  that  are  not  so 
much  grown  as  they  deserve  to  be,  is  the  North 
American  species  R.  lucida  ;  ths  flowers  are  single, 
rosy-pink  in  colour.  It  has  beautiful  toothed  leaves 
which  set  off  the  flowers  well. 

R.  macrantha  is  another  single  Rose  with  a  distinct 
habit.  The  growth  is  compact,  and  it  is  a  free 
bloomer.  The  flowers  are  3  inches  across,  white, 
shaded  with  blush. 

R.  anciiioihrflora.  —  A  Chinese  species  ;  flowers 
blush,  and,  as  its  name  implies,  confused  in  the 
centre.     A  profuse  bloomer. 

R.  dinophylla  plena. — This  is  another  desirable 
climbing  sort,  distinct  in  appearance.  Of  the 
numerous  varieties  of  double  Roses  we  now  possess, 
which  are  the  outcome  of  many  years  of  care  .iid 
attention  in  seedling  raising  to  say  anything  in  th-ir 
praise  is  like  painting  the  L'ly,  but  when  people  have 
learnt  to  see  the  beauty  of  the  single  and  semi-double 
species  and  varieties  of  which  the  above-named  are  a 
few  there  will  be  a  chance  of  Rose  gardens  having 
more  beauty  and  interest  attached  to  them  thin  at 
present. 

Plants  under  Glass. 

Amongst  numbers  of  other  things  in  the  houses  is 
Passiflora  Constance  Elliott,  a  white  form  of  P. 
coerulea.  It  seems  likely  to  be  a  desirable  plant. 
Solanum  jasminoides  grows  luxuriantly  here.  It  is 
singular  that  this  beautiful  climber  is  not  ofiener 
met  with  ;  the  plants  are  bearing  quantities  of  flowers, 
and  have  been  in  bloom  continuously  ever  since  last 
November.  The  form  and  pure  white  colour  of 
the  flower  are  stich  as  are  very  desirable  in  bouquet 
flowers. 

Ama}yllis  are  largely  cultivated  ;  some  of  the  best 
named  sorts  are  grown,  and  from  them  have  been 
raised  several  thousand  seedlings,  the  bulbs  of  which 
are  large  and  strong.  There  is  here  a  cross  between 
Vallota  purpurea,  and  one  of  the  seedling  Amaryllis  ; 
the  character  of  the  foliage  and  form  of  the  bulbs 
partake  of  those  of  both  the  parents  in  a  way  that 
leaves  no  doubt  as  to  the  origin  of  the  plant. 

Catogvnc  ciistata. — There  is  a  fine  stock  of  this. 
The  plants  are  grown  in  full  light,  as  they  are  kept 
within  6  inches  of  the  roof  of  the  house. 

Shrubs  and  Trees. 

Hybrid  Rhododendrons.  —  Mr.  Paul  is  trying  to 
break  fresh  ground  in  this  direction,  having  crossed 
a  number  of  the  best  hardy  hybrid  kinds  with  some  of 
the  greenhouse  varieties.  The  plants  are  covered 
with  seed- pods,  and  in  them  may  be  seen  the  singular 
effect  that  the  pollen  parent  sometimes  has  in  causing 
an  increase  in  the  size  of  the  seed-vessels  of  the  plants 
with  which  it  is  crossed.  In  the  c.'ise  of  the  Rhodo- 
dendrons in  question,  the  seed-vessels  are  double  the 
size  I  ever  saw  any  of  the  hardy  sorts  bear  where  a 
cross  of  the  ordinary  kind  has  been  effected. 

Amongst  hardy  evergreen  shrubs  raised  here  there 
is  a  distinct  and  be.iutiful  variety  of  American  Arbor- 
vit«  ;  it  differs  inhabit  from  the  parent  species,  being 
of  low  compact  growth,  not  unlike  Thuia  aurea.  It 
is  covered  with  dense  foliage  of  a  deep  green  colour, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  of  all  low  growing  evergreens 
for  specimens. 

Of  Berberis  there  are  numbers  of  distinct  and 
beautiful  varieties.  They  are  seedlings  raised  from  B. 
aquifolia,  but  differ  so  much  from  it,  and  from  each 
other,  that  in  the  case  of  some  the  parentage  is 
scarcely  recognisable ;  in  some    the    foliage   is   quite 


glaucous,  and  in  others  different  shades  of  green.  The 
plants  from  which  the  seed  was  gathered  were  grow- 
ing in  company  with  other  species,  amongst  which 
were  B.  japonica,  and  in  all  probability  it  is  the 
pollen  of  this  th.-it  has  had  something  to  do  with 
the  appearance  of  the  plants. 

In  Junipers,  of  which  there  are  a  number  planted, 
with  a  view  to  prove  the  best,  the  varieties  J.  plumosa 
alba  spicata  and  J.  plumosa  argentea,  are  both  fine 
distinct  sorts. 

Trees  with  self-coloured  foliage,  apart  from  those 
of  the  normal  green  colour,  are  now  receiving  a  good 
deal  of  attention,  and  deservedly  so,  the  contrast  they 
affjrd  to  the  green-leaved  kinds  forms  an  acceptable 
feature  in  the  landscape  when  they  are  introduced  to 
the  right  positions.  They  are  free  from  the  objections 
attached  to  some  of  the  variegated  trees  and  shrubs 
of  which  we  have  more  than  enough,  as  these  latter 
are  many  of  them  very  unsatifactory,  either  from  the 
effect  they  produce,  or  from  the  unhealthy  look  of  the 
leaves.  .Sj  far  as  can  be  judged,  one  of  the  best  pic- 
ture trees  that  has  appeared  is  Van  Houtte's  Elm, 
Ulmus  Van  Ilouttei  aurea  ;  it  is  a  paler  shade  of 
yellow  than  U.  plumosus  aurea,  and  a  better  grower. 
Prunus  Pissardi,  which  is  of  the  P.  myrobalana  section, 
is  now  getting  well  known.  It  improves  with 
acquaintance,  and  as  the  tree  attains  size  shows  more 
of  its  character.  It  promises  to  be  one  of  the  most 
distinct  purple-leaved  half-trees  we  have.  Acer 
Reichenbachiana  is  a  variety  of  Norway  Maple  that 
is  as  yet  but  little  known.  It  is  an  acquisition  among 
purple-leaved  trees,  and  has  a  beautiful  effect  in 
spring  ;  it  likewise  retains  its  colour  well  through  the 
summer.  Acer  purpureum  is  another  of  the  Norway 
Maples  that  is  well  worth  growing,  as,  like  the  pre- 
ceding, its  foliage  is  not  only  fine-coloured  during 
spring,  but  remains  effective  through  the  season. 

Another  comparatively  new  tree,  Populus  Bolleana, 
is  in  beautiful  condition  here,  thriving  as  freely  as 
any  of  the  proverbial  free-growing  family  to  which  it 
belongs.  It  has  the  fastigiate  habit  of  the  Lombardy 
Poplar,  and  in  addition  has  large  foliage,  white  on 
the  under  side.  So  far  it  would  seem  as  if  this  tree 
would  in  the  future  take  the  place  of  the  Lombardy. 
The  new  Golden  Privet  is  an  acceptable  addition  to 
yellow-leaved  shrul)=,  the  leaves  of  which  are  wholly 
yellow,  retaining  their  cobur  well,  and  it  seems  a 
good  grower. 

The  comparatively  new  Phillyrea  decora  or  Vil- 
moreana  is  a  handsome  evergreen  shrub,  a  dense 
growing  sort  that  when  it  becomes  better  known  will 
be  preferred  to  the  other  varieties.  It  seems  to  be 
hardy. 

Eulalia  /aponica  variegata,  much  grown  in  pots 
for  decorative  use,  is  also  a  hardy  example  that  has 
stood  out  in  the  borders  here  several  years,  is  healthy 
as  can  be.  It  is  an  effective  variegated  plant  for  a 
front  position  in  shrubbery  borders,  where  its  pretty 
foliage  backed  up  by  green-leaved  plants,  is  seen  to 
advantage.  The  new  Clematis  Jackmanni  alba  was 
in  bloom  out-of-doors.  Promising  as  this  fine  variety 
was  when  it  first  appeared,  it  seems  as  if  on  further 
acquaintance  it  would  turn  out  even  better  than  was 
expected.  It  is  evidently  a  good  grower,  and  a  free 
bloomer.  The  trace  of  blue  in  the  flower  seems  to 
bring  out  the  purity  of  the  white  clearer. 


dc'bris  has  been  mi.xed  with  the  soil  for  the  growth  of 
such  plants  as  require  it. 

There  are  quantities  of  beautiful  and  interesting 
plants  thriving  here  in  a  happy-family  kind  of  way,  in 
the  nooks  and  corners  that  have  been  duly  prepared 
for  them.   T.  B. 


ROCK  PLANTS  AT  BROX- 
BOURNE. 

The  middle  of  summer  is  not  the  time  to  expect 
much  in  the  way  of  bloom  on  alpines  and  rock 
plants  generally,  but  the  collection  has  made  good 
progress  this  season  ;  most  of  the  plants  are  now 
covering  the  surface  allotted  to  them.  Amongst  those 
in  flower  may  be  named  the  following  :  — Mesembry- 
anthemum  uncinatum,  which  was  dotted  over  with  its 
purplish  flowers ;  Campanula  pelviformis,  one  of  the 
pale  blue  sorts,  and  a  good  many  others  of  the  genus; 
Linum  narbonense,  one  of  the  most  distinct  of  the 
blue  Flaxes  ;  L.  flavum.  The  lovely  Cislus  floren- 
tinus  was  covered  with  white  flowers  spotted  with  red. 
Tropoeolum  polyphyllum  was  also  in  bloom.  The 
Zebra  Rush  and  the  Corkscrew  Rush  are  both  growing 
in  the  artificial  swamp  here,  and  are  proved  to 
be  hardy. 

Sarracenia  Drummondi  is  at  home  in  the  swamp, 
and  though  its  horn-like  leaves  are  small  in  com- 
parison to  what  they  are  when  well  managed  in 
warmth  under  glass,  still  they  are  perfect  in  shape, 
and  of  a  high  colour.  Lilium  pardalinum  thrives  here 
in  the  bog  garden. 

The  old  double  yellow  Provence  Rose  grows  and 
flowers  freely  in  a  coiner  of  the  mound  where  chalk 


PRESENTATION    TO    MR.    W. 
INGRAM. 

Very  many  of  our  readers  have  ere  this  made  the 
acquaintance  of  the  spring  garden  at  Btlvoir,  which 
Canon  Hole  has  on  more  than  one  occasion  styled 
"  the  most  beautiful  garden  in  all  England." 

About  5  o'clock  on  Thursday  afternoon,  August  5.  a 
numerous  company  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  assembled 
in  one  of  the  most  picturesque  parts  of  the  garden, 
not  far  from  Blackberry  Hill  where  the  Volunteer 
encampment  was  in  full  swing,  to  witness  the  interest- 
ing ceremony  of  presentation.  Canon  Hole,  in  a 
letter  regretting  his  inability  to  be  present,  wrote — 
"  No  one  admires  and  appreciates  more  than  I  do  ihe 
taste  and  the  labour  which  have  made  Belvoir  in  its 
vernal  glory  the  most  beautiful  garden  in  England  ; 
and  I  need  not  tell  you  that  I  greatly  regret  my  in- 
ability to  be  present  on  Thursday,  when  the  victorious 
general  will  receive  on  the  field  of  triumph  some 
token  from  those  who  have  watched,  with  a  delightful 
wonder,  his  complete  success." 

The  Rev.  Canon  Twells,  in  making  the  presenta- 
tion, after  some  preliminary  observations,  said,  ad- 
dressing Mr.  Ingram  :  - —  Vou  sir,  would  be  the 
first  to  admit  that  the  grounds  of  Belvoir  Caslle 
have  great  natural  attractions ;  but  those  attrac- 
tions have  been  increased  from  time  to  time  by 
the  thoughtful  care  and  attention  of  those  in 
charge  of  these  gardens,  and  this  has  been  most  con- 
spicuously the  case  since  you  yourself  have  been  their 
responsible  head.  God  has  showed  us  how  He  can 
robe  the  Lilies  of  the  field  without  human  assi:tance  ; 
but  God  has  also  showed  us  bow  human  study  and 
human  labour  can  at  once  develope  and  diversify  His 
natural  gifts.  If  all  who  have  experienced  pleasure 
from  looking  over  the  Belvoir  gardens  had  given  a 
single  penny  to  this  testimonial — as  I  feel  certain  they 
would  have  done  if  they  could  only  have  been  asked — 
what  a  present  would  have  been  forthcoming  !  I  often 
think  that  the  beauties  of  Belvoir  are  practically  main- 
tained by  the  Duke  of  Rutland  for  the  public  rather 
than  for  himself;  but  while  we  fetl  grateful  to  the 
Duke  for  not  shutting  his  gates  against  us,  we  are  all 
aware  how  much  of  our  enjoyment  of  the  place  is 
dependent  upon  the  efiiciency,  and,  not  only  so,  upon 
the  kindness  of  the  oflacials.  I  have  now,  sir,  to 
request  your  acceptance  of  this  testimonial,  consisting 
of  certain  pieces  of  plate  and  a  cheque  for  upwards  of 
£<)0.  May  you  long  have  health  and  strength  for  the 
performance  of  your  responsible  duties  here  !  To  the 
lover  of  Nature  and  of  scientific  enquiry,  we  believe 
that  those  duties  bring  with  them  their  own  reward  ; 
but  we  are  sure  they  will  be  sweetened  by  the  know- 
ledge, of  which  this  testimonial  is  a  proof,  of  the 
hearty  recognition  of  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

The  inscription  engraved  on  the  principal  article 
ran  as  follows  :— "  Presented,  with  a  purse  of  money, 
to  Mr.  W.  Ingram,  by  his  friends  and  neighbours,  in 
appreciation  of  the  manner  in  which  he  originated 
and  developed  the  Spring  Gardens  at  Belvoir  Castle." 

Mr.  Ingram,  in  reply,  said  :— Canon  Twells,  ladies 
and  gentlemen,— I  need  not  tell  you  how  gratefully 
I  receive  the  handsome  gift  which  you  have  been 
so  good  as  to  convey  to  me.  I  may  say  that  it  has 
been  my  happy  privilege  to  originate  and  develope 
in  this  place  a  style  of  gardening  which  was  not  much 
thought  of  previously  ;  and  I  notice,  from  the 
inscription  on  one  of  the  pieces  of  plate  now  before 
me,  that  this  testimonial  is  intended  as  a  special 
recognition  of  the  fact  that  I  have  originated 
"spring  gardening."  Beautiful  as  this  garden  may 
be  in  the  summer,  it  is,  as  you  are  well  aware, 
much  more  beautiful  in  the  spring  of  the  year.  We 
have  gathered  together  here  plants  and  flowers  from 
distant  regions,  and  I  conceive  that  a  garden  may  be 
made,  not  only  exceedingly  brilliant  and  beautifu', 
but  also  interesting  and  instructive.  It  has  been 
one  of  my  aim;  in  gardening  not  only  to  make  a 
pretty  picture,  but  also  to  make  a  garden  tell  a 
story.  Even  the  Cedar  on  the  hill  over  there,  from 
Mount  Lebanon,  has  a  story  to  tell  ;  and  we  have  only 
to  look  round  about,  and  on  every  side  are  trees 
brought  from  other  parts  of  the  world  in  which  we 


August  2t,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


235 


are  interested.  Just  as  England  may  be  regarded  as 
an  epitome  of  the  world  at  large,  so  our  gardens  can 
be  made  to  tell  an  instructive  tale  of  what  we  possess 
and  of  what  we  are  interested  in  abroad,  by  means  of 
those  plants  and  trees  which  travellers  in  other  coun- 
tries have  discovered  and  sent  home  to  us.  Vou  have 
made  an  allusion  to  gardening  being  the  result  of 
refinement.  Travelling  everywhere,  I  have  observed 
that  where  people  are  savage  and  degraded,  so  we 
find  their  country  without  Howers,  and  their  gardens 
devoid  of  a  single  shrub,  or  anything  beautiful,  and 
in  proportion  as  people  are  refined  and  educated,  and 
appreciate  beautiful  things,  so  you  will  see  that  they 
cultivate  their  gardens.  I  can  only  express  the  hope 
that  my  poor  elfotts  here  may  be  the  means  of  spread- 
ing a  taste — a  proper  and  catholic  taste— for  all  kinds 
of  plants  and  trees.  Canon  Twells,  the  gift  which 
you  have  so  gracefully  conveyed  \.~i  me  has  added 
value  from  the  eloquent  words  which  you  have 
spoken;  and  I  trust  that  I  shall  always  retain  a 
grateful  sense  of  your  kindness,  and  of  that  of  all 
those  who  have  contributed  to  this  testimonial.  Canon 
Twells,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  ihank  you  very  .sin- 
cerely. Condensed  from  "  Grantham  Joumal^^^ 
August  7. 


ROOTS    AND    THEIR    WORK. 

i^Coittiuucd  froiu  p.  ig9. ) 

Root  Structure. 

771^  Root-Cal'. — In  addition  to  the  compound  cell 
structure  of  Lemna  and  Pontederia  crassipes  we  notice 
a  cap  at  the  extremity.  The  same  cap,  though  not  so 
evident,  exists  in  roots  of  most  plants  as  a  yellowish 
hard  covering,  in  some  cases,  especially  among  aerial 
roots  (of  Musa,  c..?.)  there  is  a  flufly  growth.  (See  also 
microscopic  section  of  Strelitzia,  fig.  47).  This  growth 
is  harder  in  some  Palms,  but  it  is  always  present. 

We  notice  the  root-cap  of  Pontederia  magnified, 
but  it  is  not  easy  to  get  sections  of  the  growing  point ; 
we  see  the  cells  are  denser  near  the  extremity, 
however. 

In  the  roots  of  seedlings  we  notice  a  central 
darker  series  of  cells,  and  a  more  transparent  outer 
part.  In  the  Wallflower  this  central  portion  is  more 
abundant,  and  the  outer  series  of  cells,  also  hardened, 
may  be  pulled  away  from  it.  Where  root  branches 
are  given  off,  however,  little  branches  from  the 
harder  central  tissue  remain  attached. 

This  branching  of  all  rootlets  from  the  central 
more  woody  tissue  is  to  be  noticed  throughout 
[nearly]  all  roots.  In  Pontederia  (see  diagram,  fig. 
45),  we  notice  this  branching  from  the  centre  in  all  its 
stages. 

Root-Haiis, — We  noticed  among  the  external 
features  of  roots  that  more  or  less  delicate  root  hairs 
were  nearly  always  present.  The  microscope  shows 
these  hairs  to  be  projections  from  the  outer  layer  of 
cells.  They,  or  the  thin-walled  surface  cells,  may  be 
looked  upon,  then,  as  the  essentials  of  every  absorbing 
root.  A  cluster  of  hairs  is  present  at  first  just  at  the 
neck  of  [very  many]  seedlings. 

In  Primula  Sieboldii,  we  see  them  entirely  absent 
from  the  very  tip,  where  the  root  cap  is.  They  are 
thickest  towards  Ihe  extremity,  however,  and  gradu- 
ally lessen  in  number  to  the  upper  part  of  the  root. 

In  plants  where  hardening  of  the  surface  of  the 
root  goes  on,  they  of  course  disappear  entirely. 

Further  examination  of  the  small  roots  of  seedlings 
shows  thin-walled  cells  at  the  outside,  more  thickened 
cells  in  the  centre ;  the  thickened  cells,  which  among 
older  roots  look  nearly  black  through  the  microscope, 
have  broken  rings  upon  their  surfaces.  This  holds 
good  of  every  root  when  seen  in  section  in  a  young 
condition,  but,  as  before  noticed,  there  may  be  a 
thickened  series  of  cells — a  kind  of  bark,  in  fact— just 
at  the  outside. 

Cross  (transverse)  sections  of  older  roots  show  as  in 
the  diagram  of  Strelitzia,  fig.  47,  among  the  harder 
and  denser  cells  to  the  centre,  several  larger  spaces 
or  circular  [globular]  cells.  It  is  through  these  cells 
that  the  fluids  most  pass,  and  we  may  judge  from  the 
great  amount  of  central  harder  tissue,  in  the  Wall- 
flower for  instance,  that  the  function  of  this  kind  of 
tissue  is  to  carry  the  fluids  necessary  for  the  growth  of 
the  leaves. 

If  the  outer  series  of  cells  be  damaged,  for  instance 
in  a  Rhododendron  stem  or  Pelargonium,  we  know 
that  there  is  no  (great)  interference  with  the  passage 
of  sap  upwards  ;  and  this  I  think  proves  to  us  the  uses 


of  the  different  layers — i,  the  inner  being  to  give 
strength  and  to  convey  fluids  ;  2,  the  outer,  where 
thin-walled,  to  absorb  the  watery  food. 

We  must  notice  how  evidently  in  the  diagram  of 
Strelitzia,  fig.  47,  the  root-branch  grows  from  the 
central  tissue,  and  also  the  softer  tissue  of  it  springs 
from  about  the  same  cells,  and  not,  as  we  might 
suppose,  from  the  outer  solter  layer. 

We  notice  no  softer  pith  [meristem]  cells  in  the  centre 
of  our  older  roots  ;  there  are  exceptions,  as  for  example 
in  Ruscus,  where  the  woody  tissue  is  in  the  form  of  a 
ring  around,  in,  and  also  on  very  young  roots  there  is 
pith  perhaps  because  the  cells  have  not  thickened  up 
enough. 

Uses  of  Roots  to  Pl.^nts. 

Special  Uses. — We  have  in  considering  the  various 
forms  of  roots  spoken  of  the  probable  uses  for 
which  many  of  them  would  be  suitable — the  strong 
root  for  the  tall  growing  plant,  the  much  branched 
fibrous  root  for  the  grossly  feeding  plant,  the  wedge- 
like root  for  such  as  need  support  and  grow  in 
crevices.  &c. 

Some  plants  require  long  roots  to  reach  to 
considerable  depths,  as  in  many  alpine  plants  where 
a  stem  and  leaves  I  inch  above-ground  may  hive 
"40  inches  below"  This  is  to  ensure  that  the 
plant  gels  a  supply  of  water  when  the  soil  and  surface 
of  the  ground  are  deeply  frozen,  and  which  the 
sun's  heat  would  not  affect,  whilst  the  leaves  of 
the  plant  w.juld  soon  wither  under  its  heat,  no  fresh 
supply  of  water  coming  into  the  tissues. 

A  S:aiice  incana  measuring  some  9  inches  to  the 
top  of  its  leaves  actually  measured  7  \  feet  from  the  neck 
to  Ihe  extreme  end  of  the  roots.  Six  of  these  plants 
were  grown  round  the  edge  of  a  poi,  their  roots  had 
coiled  round  and  round  at  the  bottom,  squeezing  the 
crocks  into  the  "ball."  Here,  doubtless,  the  length 
of  the  root  might  be  abnormal — it  might  have  grown  at 
the  expense  of  the  plant,  but  evidently  the  root  attains 
great  lengths  in  its  natural  home,  perhaps  enabling 
it  to  penetrate  among  rocks  to  a  fairly  depth. 

Functions  of  the  Roots. 

But  we  have  other  than  mere  variations  in  the  size 

of  roots  likely  to  be  of  aid  in  meeting  special  ends  ; 

we  have   general    uses  which   roots  fulfil,  which  we 

will  briefly  mention  here  :^ 

1.  They  support  or  fix  the  plants,  as  we  have 
elsewhere  alluded  to,  and  as  it  is  so  evident  a  fact  we 
will  not  further  consider  it  here. 

2.  They  are  the  means  of  supplying  most  of  the 
[liquid]  food  necessary  to  the  growth  of  the  plant. 

We  notice  that  the  leaves  wither  and  dry  up  if  they 
are  severed  from  the  root ;  they  may  last  for  a  con- 
siderable time  if  placed  in  water  ;  but  it  is  evident 
by  this  that  roots  are  the  means  by  which  plants 
obtain  the  large  amount  of  water  required  by  them. 

II  we  take  a  leaf  of  Eucharis  amazonica  and  place 
it  between  dry  pressing  papers  we  find,  after  drying 
it,  that  instead  of  being  about  one-eighth  of  an  inch 
in  thickness,  it  will  now  be  less  than  one-hundredth  of 
an  inch.  This  shows  how  large  a  part  of  most  plants  is 
water  alone.  The  solid  part  left  after  drying  might 
be  burnt  to  an  ash,  and  we  could  learn  what  chemical 
substance  it  was  composed  of.  It  is  very  evident 
that  these  solid  ashes  could  never  travel  up  the  plant 
or  enter  into  it  in  a  solid  form,  and  they  must  have 
either  got  there  [in  solution]  from  the  air  or  from  the 
earth. 

Action  of  Leaves. 
We  learn  that  there  is  not  enough  of  the  substances 
required  for  the  plant's  food  in  the  air,  even  were  the 
plant  capable  of  taking  it  in.  Carbonic  acid  gas,  how- 
ever, is  plentifully  taken  up  by  the  leaves,  a  very  large 
amount  of  the  ash  being  carbon.  The  greater  part 
of  the  other  constituent  matter  is  dissolved  in  water, 
and  so  passes  from  the  roots  through  the  cells  of  the 
plant,  and  is  so  carried  up  to  the  leaves,  &c. 

Water  may  also  be  taken  in  by  the  leaves,  as  we 
know  is  the  case  when  they  are  cut  olT  and  placed  on 
the  surface  of  water  ;  also  one  use  of  a  very  damp 
atmosphere  in  some  of  our  houses  for  young  plants  is 
to  supply  them  with  water,  or  at  least  not  to  allow 
the  water  already  in  the  leaves  to  drain  away  by 
evaporation. 

We  might  just  note  here  that  roots  seem  to  have 
the  power  of  turning  towards  moisture  or  to  sub- 
stances they  seem  to  like  to  grow  in,  where  also 
they  are  generally  found  emitting  more  root  branches. 
We  learn  also  that  roots  have  the  power  to  secrete 
fluids  [when  in  contact  with  particles  of]  the  soil ;    at 


times  these  secreted  fluids  are  said  to  aid  in  dis- 
solving solid  matter  (as  marble  even)  which  may  be 
taken  into  their  tissues  when  so  dissolved. 

Some  roots  store  up  starchy  or  other  matter 
for  the  future  use  of  the  plant.  We  may  see  the 
swollen  growth  of  the  preceding  year  decaying  away 
as  the  leaves  form,  and  another  reservoir  for  such 
starchy  matter  is  built  up.  There  are  good  examples 
of  this  to  be  met  with  among  biennials,  as  many 
Campanulas  with  a  thickly  developed  "  first-root  "  or 
lap-root. 

Dahlia  also  is  a  good  example,  and  I  expect  that 
Oxalis  hirta  has  its  root  developed  for  a  similar 
purpose. 

Potatos  are  about  the  best  example  one  knows, 
however,  and  it  is  a  really  marvellous  sight  to  see  the 
innumerable  starch  granules  when  exuded  from  a  cut 
piece,  under  a  powerful  microicope  j  but  we  have 
considered  Potatos  as  branching  from  (underground) 
stems,  though  capable  of  emitting  root  fibres  as  well 
as  buds  ;  they  also  absorb  fluid  matter  through  their 
exterior  which  bulbs  and  corms  of  Hyacinth  and 
Gladiolus  are,  I  should  imagine,  unable  to  do,  by 
reason  of  their  "coat." 

We  might  by  "stretching  a  point"  consider  that 
toots,  as  the  word  is  understood  by  horticulturists,  of 
Dfosera,  Primula  (and  Dodecatheon?),  had  another 
use  t)  perform,  that  is,  to  continue  the  species  by 
budding. 

The  Manner  in  which  Roots  Perform  their 
Work. 
U.-aring  in  mind  the  remarks  made  as  to  the  struc- 
ture especially,  but  also  of  the  external  features  o 
roots,  let  us  discuss  how  they  perform  their  varied 
works  in  aiding  the  life  of  the  plant. 

1.  It  is  not  difficult  to  see  how  they  act  as  anchors 
or  supports.  The  few  fibrous  roots  noticed  in  the 
Pinguicula  and  Drosera,  the  swollen  tap-roots  of 
Astragalus  or  llippocrepis,  the  huge  branching  roots 
of  the  Oak  or  Elm,  .ill  plainly  tell  us  by  their  con- 
struction and  direction  that  they  support  or  fix  the 
growths  above  them.  Often  ihs  roots  of  a  tree  will 
extend  underground  as  far  as  the  branches  do  above. 
There  seems  a  mutual  dependence  of  one  upon  the 
other,  causing  them  to  grow  more  profusely,  or 
stretch  for  further  distances  as  required. 

2.  As  to  the  absorbing  of  food  by  roots. 

We  have  seen  that  the  external  tissue  of  all  young 
roots  is  soft,  and  that  this  young  tissue,  either  of  cells 
alone,  or  of  hairs  and  cells,  is  present  everywhere  in 
roots,  from  the  moss  to  the  highest  tree. 

As  any  soft  substance  will  absorb  water  when 
placed  in  it,  so  we  might  assume  the  soft  tissue  of  the 
root  would  do  so.  We  can  indeed  see  coloured  water 
entering  into  the  root-hairs  when  these  are  placed 
in  it. 

Most  plants  are  not  surrounded  by  very  evident 
supplies  of  water,  and  it  is  here  that  the  longer  root- 
hairs  become  most  useful.  They  stretch  among  the 
particles  of  soil,  and  abstract  the  watery  films  which 
we  learn  enclose  all  but  the  very  driest  particles. 

All  the  solid  food  elements  needed,  if  dissolved 
in  water,  would  thus  be  able  to  enter  into  ihe  plant. 

We  have  next  to  see  how  such  are  taken  from  the 
root  to  the  leaves,  where  we  know  the  fluids  undergo 
the  necessary  changes  upon  their  distribution  through- 
out the  plant. 

If  we  consider— 1st,  the  action  of  a  sponge  or 
piece  of  sugar  when  placed  in  water  ;  and  2d,  the 
effect  produced  by  sucking  the  air  from  a  straw  held 
in  water,  we  shall  have  a  partial  clue  to  the  modus 
operailJi. 

Capillary   Action    and    Pressure    of    Ihe    Air. 

We  know  that  in  both  the  cases  referred  to  water 
win  rise  above  its  level  in  the  dish  in  which  sugar  and 
straw  were  placed.  This  rising  of  fluid  is  due  to 
simple  physical  laws,  depending  in  one  case  on  the 
closeness  of  the  particles  of  sugar  for  its  effect,  the 
water  rising  up  the  thread-like  openings  between  the 
particles,  and  in  the  other  on  the  partial  vacuum  which 
would  be  caused  by  suction  necessitating  that  the 
water  should  rise  [by  atmospheric  pressure]. 

Osmosis.  —  The  cells  of  a  plant,  as  we  saw, 
are  so  arranged  that  watery  fluids  would  rise  in 
or  between  them  as  in  the  sugar,  and  would  be 
much  helped  by  the  evaporalion  going  on  from 
the  leaves,  compelling  its  rise,  as  the  suction  of 
water  up  a  straw  does.  But  we  often  have,  as  in 
winter-pruned  Ivy,  a  great  surface  to  be  supplied  with 
nutriment,  and  no  leaves  to  aid  in  drawing  fluids  up 


236 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[ADGUST  21,  1886. 


the  stem.  Clearly  we  have  great  need  for  another 
process  by  which  it  shall  rise,  and  this  has  been  found 
by  botanists  to  be  identical  with  a  well-known  physical 
process  termed  osmosis.  Roughly,  this  process  of 
osmosis  takes  place  wherever  a  denser  fluid  is  sepa- 
rated from  a  lighter  one  by  any  thia-walled  sub- 
stance, such  as  parchment,  when  a  current  will  be  set 
up  from  one  to  the  other  until  the  densities  of  the 
0uid  on  either  side  are  similar. 

With  the  cell  wall  instead  of  parchment  the  cell's 
denser  contents  might  pass  out  into  the  earth,  whilst 
water  would  be  taken  in  were  it  not  that  the  evapora- 
tion from  the  surfaces  of  the  plant  keeps  up  a  con- 
tinual inflowing,  whilst  the  currents  from  one  part  of 
the  plant  to  the  other  are  stimulated  by  the  denser 
contents  of  cells  from  evaporation  takes  place, 
drawing  lighter  fluids  towards  them.  This  ascent  of 
sap  is  naturally  much  more  vigorous  and  vice  versS 
in  summer,  and  nearly  ceases  in  winter.  Experiments 
have  shown  its  force  to  be  very  considerable. 

Stem  Cuttings  and  thkir  Roots. 

These  are  mostly  fibrous.  At  times,  however, 
some  are  specially  developed,  and  grow  much  in 
length,  and  harden  very  considerably. 

If  we  place  a  suitable  piece  of  stem  in  the  earth, 
so  that  it  produces  roots,  various  changes  take  place 
at  the  cut  end,  as  follows  : — 

1.  The  pith  cells  shrink  slightly  and  become  dis- 
coloured, owing  to  the  decay  of  the  damaged  cells. 

2.  The  cells  forming  the  ring  around  the  pith  cells 


grow  so  as  to  produce  [a  ring  of  warty  structure. 
This  is  called  "  the  callus." 

3.  From  below  this  ring  or  series  of  warty  growths 
are  given  off  in  an  ordinary  manner  a  greater  or  less 
number  of  roots.  In  some  cases  these  roots  pene- 
trate through  the  warty  cells,  but  generally  I  have 
observed  that  they  spring  from  below  them. 

Probable  Reasons  for  these  Changes  of 
Tissue. 

1.  We  can  understand  that  the  pith  cells  should 
decay  back  where  broken— possibly  they  harden  a 
little— in  some  cases  where  a  stem  is  cut  at  both  ends 
one  end  may  dry. 

2.  We  see  the  necessity  for  the  woody  and  fibro- 

vascular  cells  to  be  sealed  up   by  some  means as 

they  are  by  the  callus— or  else  the  sap  in  them  would 
not  be  properly  subjected  to  the  influence  which  would 
cause  it  to  spread  through  the  cutting. 

3.  We  have  seen  that  in  all  root-branches  or  roots 
such  as  these  are  that  there  is  necessity  for  some  of 
the  denser  central  tissue  entering  into  their  structure. 
We  should  then  expect  that  they  would  (as  we  saw  in 
Strelitzia)  start  from  the  thickened  layer  of  cells. 
These  roots  push  through  the  surrounding  cells  in 
the  ordinary  manner. 

I  believe  that  before  much  or  any  root-growth  takes 
place  there  must  be  some  pressure  of  the  fluid  causing 
tension  in  the  cells  of  the  plant,  and  this  state 
cannot  well  be  if  they  are  open  in  the  ground  or 
"bleeding." 

A  knowledge  of  the  preceding  facts  will,  I  think, 
•how  us  why  in  many  cases  we  should  not  expect 
cuttings  to  strike. 


What  will  Strike. 

1.  We  should  not  expect  any  stem  destitute  of  a 
fair  band  of  the  harder  (fibro  vascular)  cells,  either  to 
•*  callus  "  or  subsequently  to  emit  roots. 

2.  We  should  not   expect    plants  having  a    very 


^^mw^'^ 


Fig.  46. — ROOT  of  pontederia,  highly  ma 

ROOTS    FROM   THE  DEEPER  TISSUES,  A,  A, 


thick  or  hard  epidermis  to  root,  as  the  necessary  ab- 
sorption through   thin-walled    cells  could   not   take 
place.     Nor  would  the  root  branches  be  well  able  to 
pierce  the  epidermis  did  they  commence  to  bud. 
3.  We  should  not  expect  portions  of  the  stem   in 


which  there  was  a  great  amount  of  woody  or  thickened 
tissue  (in  addition  to  little  outer  absorbing  tissue)  to 
callus  readily  enough  to  allow  much  change  of  growth 
before  the  cutting  decayed. 

Naturally  we  ask  ourselves.  Can  we  formulate  any 
rules  which  will  be  fairly  correct  in  regard  to  the 
chances  of  cuttings  of  roots  *'  striking  "  ? 

We  require  the  formation  of  leaf-buds  here  in  addi- 
tion  to  the  formation  of  feeding  roots.  The  giving 
off  of  fibrous  roots  we  may  consider  even  more  likely 
as  were  they  in  a  slightly  undeveloped  state  I  believe 
they  might  grow  without  callusing  of  the  cutting. 

But  it  will  be  considerably  more  difiicult  for  stems 
or  leaves  to  be  given  off. 

I.  A  stem  requires  a  pith  or  central  medullary 
tissue  as  well  as  woody  tissue.  This  we  have  seen  is 
generally  absent  from  roots. 

Could  the  stem-buds,  if  present  or  dormant,  find 
enough  woody  tissue,  and  also  obtain  pith  perhaps 
from  the  outer  layer,  as  they  do  when  branching  off 
from  a  root-stock,  as  in  Lysimachia,  we  might  fairly 
consider  that  ourroot  cuttings  would  generally  succeed. 
That  they  sometimes  callus  without  producing  leaves 
is  a  known  fact. 

Leaf  Buds  from  Roots. 

An    examination    of    Primula    cashmiriana     and 

Drosera  has  led   me  to  think  that  the  reason    why 

these  roots  [stocks]  give  off  leaves  so  readily,  is  be- 


FlG.   47.— CROSS   SECTION  Or  THE   STOCK   OF   STRELITZIA, 
SHOWING  ORIGIN  OF  ROOT  FROM   THE  INNER  TISSUES. 


cause  there  is  no  central  pith  required  ;  the  growths 
are  "stemless." 

Dodecatheon  will  produce  little  rosettes  of  leaves 
from  every  root  stock  if  once  the  crown  has  decayed 
away  after  flowering.  This  may  not  be  a  fair  ex- 
ample of  root-propagation,  as  it  may  be  thought 
that  some  portion  of  a  very  slightly  developed  stem 
would  be  attached  to  the  upper  part  of  each  root 
and  from  this  leaves  were  given  off. 

Rhizomes. 

Wherever  there  are  dormant  leaf-buds,  as  on  the 
rhizomes  of  Helleborus  and  Dracaena,  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  getting  plants  from  small  cuttings,  but 
these  are  not  true  "  root-cuttings."  There  are  cases 
as  in  Ipecacuanha,  where  stems  are  produced  from 
annulated  root-cuttings,  where  also  there  is  no  pith. 
It  seems  rather  that  we  may  take  it  as  a  fairly  correct 
rule,  that  where  stems  are  required  from  our  root- 
cuttings  there  must  be  pith.  In  Dandelion  and  Dock 
when  cut  across  we  know  there  is  the  power  to  give 
off  leaves. 

We  might  consider  here  how  universal  in  the 
vegetable  kingdom  is  the  readiness  of  certain  tissues 
to  emit  roots.  There  must  be  a  trace  of  a  harder 
tissue  than  that  which  exists  as  an  absorbing  agent  at 

the  exterior  of  all  roots.      They  are  given   off : i 

from  scales,  as  in  the  Lilium  auratum,  Pinguecula 
caudata,  and  many  others  ;  2,  from  bulbils  borne 
among  the  flowers  (in  Allium)  or  from  the  axils  of  the 
leaves,  in  Lily  or  Ranunculus  Ficaria ;  3,  from  soft 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


237 


leaves,  as  Begonia  or  Bryophyllum  ;  from  succulent 
leaves,  as  in  some  species  of  Echeveria,  &c. ;  4,  from 
almost  any  part  of  the  stems  and  branches  if  treated 
carefully,  from  the  end  of  Fern  fronds,  as  in  Adiantum 
Edgeworthi ;  these  organs,  developed  especially  to 
feed  the  plant,  are  very  freely  given  off  from  the 
other  organs  of  vegetable  growth. 

Places  from  whence  Roots  grow  out. 

We  are  not  surprised  to  see,  then,  that  from  many 
lower  parts  of  stems  roots  and  stems  (the  latter  either 
ascending  or  creeping)  are  given  off  one  above  the 
other  very  indiscriminately.  This  can  be  seen  in 
hosts  of  examples,  from  Palm  (Phoenix)  to  bog-loving 
creeper. 

Roots  prefer  to  grow  out  from  places,  as  in  the 
swollen  nodes  in  stems,  where  there  is  more  fibro- 
vascular  tissue,  and  as  in  the  Philodendron,  where, 
though  having  most  of  its  bundles  scattered  through 


relation  to  the  differing  functions  of  the  two  organs — 
stem  and  root.  The  one  bears  Bowers  and  leaves 
spread  out  to  all  the  influences  of  air  and  light — 
the  other  as  a  general  thing  chiefly  developed  to 
absorb  water  and  food  which  may  pass  into  the 
whole  plant. 

2.  As  to  whether  there  is  any  difference  in  external 
or  internal  structure  I  believe  is  an  undecided  point. 
Internally  the  cells  are,  to  all  less  thorough  investiga- 
tion at  least,  just  the  same.  We  certainly  find  that 
pith  is  oftenest  present  in  stems  and  absent  from 
almost  all  roots,  except  as  in  some  trees  where  they 
branch  from  the  trunk,  the  pith  being  present  be- 
cause growing  as  continuation  of  that  in  stem.  This 
pith  (though  useful  in  giving  more  bulk  to  the  stem, 
from  which  the  leaves  may  more  readily  pass  off)  is 
needless  to  the  root. 

We  can  all  see  that  the  root  is  colourless  generally, 
though  when  growing  in  the  air  at  times,  as  in  Chlo- 


having  similar  rudimentary  structures  (in  the  thin- 
walled  cell),  although  these  may  be  developed 
differently  according  to  their  functions. 

{To  be  continued.) 


BARONHILL. 


Amongst  the  numerous  quaint  old  country  seats  in 
the  Isle  of  Anglesey,  perhaps  no  other,  whether  for 
beauty  of  situation,  extent  of  well-wooded,  gently 
undulating  grounds,  or  salubriousness  of  climate,  can 
compare  with  Baronhill,  the  residence  of  Sir  Richard 
Williams-Bulteley,  Bart.  This  estate  may  be  said  to 
occupy  the  entire  eastern  end  of  the  isle,  being 
bounded  on  two  sides  by  the  Irish  Sea  and  Menai 
Straits,  while  a  straight  line  drawn  from  Garth 
Ferry  to  almost  the  very  point  where  that  ill- 
fated  vessel,  the  Royal  Charter,  was  wrecked,  some 


Fig.  48.— holly  lodge,  highgate,  the  residence  of  the  baroness  burdettcoutts,    (see  p.  231.) 


the  softer  tissue  of  ihe  stem,  there  is  yet  a  concentric 
layer  below  the  epidermis  of  more  substance,  there- 
fore more  readily  giving  off  roots. 

I  may  mention  that  Lysimachia  verticillata  is  an 
excellent  example,  showing  the  roots  growing  from 
the  dense  woody  ring  in  the  lower  part  of  the  stem  if 
cut  across,  whilst  the  branching  stems  have  a  growth 
from  the  seemingly  much-coloured  pith  (resin  in  the 
pith?)  passing  into  them  in  the  centre  of  the  woody 
tissue. 

The  Distinctions  between  Stem  and  Root. 

Lastly,  before  passing  on  to  consider  the  bearing  of 
these  facts  upon  cultivation,  we  will  roughly  try  and 
note  whether  we  find  any  distinction  between  stem 
and  root,  so  nearly,  as  we  have  seen,  do  they  resemble 
each  other. 

I.  The  growth  of  thestem  upwards  away  from  the 
more  damp  earth  towards  the  light,  stands  out  in 
great  contrast  with  the  tendency  in  all  roots  to  grow 
towards  moisture,  and  as  a  necessary  consequence 
towards  shady  or  dark  places. 

This   growth   in   different   directions  is   in   direct 


rophyton,  it  becomes  gtreen,  or  hard,  bronn,  and 
stem-like,  with  bark  on  it.  The  epidermis  in  many 
stems  whilst  green  has  also  breathing  places,  or 
"stomata."  It  is  sufficiently  evident  that  there 
would  be  no  need  for  these  in  terrestrial  roots, 
although  botanists  point  out  among  aerial  roots,  as  in 
some  Orchids  and  in  Mangrove,  the  marks  of  similar 
stomata. 

3.  As  to  the  power  in  stems,  and  the  absence  of 
this  power  among  roots,  to  give  off  leaf-buds,  which 
we  have  already  referred  to  somewhat  fully,  I  may 
add  that  according  to  the  functions  of  a  root  we  do 
not  need  the  presence  of  leaf-buds,  and  they  are  never 
present  in  true  absorbing  roots  as  we  should  perhaps 
restrict  the  term  though  whether  present  in  storage 
roots  at  all  frequently  I  cannot  yet  make  out. 

It  is  certainly  difficult  to  draw  a  hard  and  fast  line 
between  these  two  organs,  especially  when  in  so  many 
of  our  best  text-books  of  systematic  botany  we  read  of 
*'  roots,"  and  find  such  able  to  produce  leaf-buds  plen- 
tifully under  certain  favourable  conditions.  I  think, 
however,  that  the  greater  number  of  botanists  will 
look  upon  roots  and  stems  both  as  complex  structures 


years  ago,  would  define  pretty  accurately  the  western 
boundary. 

Entering  the  park  from  Beaumaris,  and  almost 
alongside  the  once  famous  castle  of  the  same  name, 
the  main  drive,  which  is  planted  in  a  most  artistic 
manner  with  numerous  specimens  of  the  rarer  trees 
and  shrubs,  leads  along  past  the  great  fountain, 
flower  garden,  and  rosery,  to  the  capacious  and 
well-built  baronial  mansion.  En  route  many 
rare  Conifers  may  be  seen,  amongst  which  we 
took  particular  note  of  fine  healthy  specimens 
of  Abies  magnifica,  A.  nobilis  robusta,  and 
A.  nobilis  glauca,  the  latter  in  particular  being  a  very 
desirable  form,  which  for  contrast  and  beauty  should 
find  a  place  in  every  well-arranged  collection. 
Podocarpus  macrophylla  (wrongly  named  P.  aurea) 
rather  surprised  us,  for  a  6  or  7  feet  high  specimen, 
abundantly  covered  with  flowers,  which  contrasted 
strangely  with  the  long  dishevelled  foliage,  was  rather 
more  than  we  had  expected.  It  seemed  in  perfect 
health — which  we  were  glad  to  see — planted  in  a  semi- 
shady  and  semi-sheltered  part  of  the  grounds,  and  in 
company  with  numerous  fine  trees  of  the  Hemlock 


238 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  1SS6. 


Spruce  (Abies  canadensis).  This  latter  is  a  prand 
tree  for  ornamental  grounds,  and  nowhere  (Eaion 
Hall  excepted)  have  we  seen  it  in  such  nne  form 
or  with  such  a  sweep  of  healthy  foliage  as  in  the 
sheltered  spots  of  this  seagirt  park.  What 
impresses  the  lover  of  trees  most,  however,  is  the 
gracefully  irregular  manner  in  which  the  finer  cut- 
leaved  forms  of  our  various  hardwoods  are  intermixed 
with  the  Conifer.x,  thus  imparting  a  remarkably 
p'easing  t fleet  from  the  toned-down  appearance 
given  to  the  otherwise  somewhat  stiff  cullines  of  the 
i'lnes  and  Firs.  Large,  well-balanced  trees  of  the 
cut-leaved  Oik,  Beech,  Hornbeam,  and  Maple 
deatly  show  that  at  onetime  these  had  been  particular 
favourites,  for  numerous  are  the  examples  of  such, 
and  the  hrallhv,  well-furnished  appearance  of  which 
give  unmistakeable  evidence  of  their  having  received 
that  care  and  attention  which,  unfortunately,  is  too 
often  neglected  in  trees  of  the  kind.  In  many 
instances  trees  of  30  feet  and  40  feet  in  height  were 
the  same  in  diameter  of  spread  of  branches,  with  the 
latter  almost  resting  on  the  ground — the  result  of 
judicious  management,  but  particularly  the  allowing 
of  ample  room  at  all  limes  for  their  perfect  deve- 
lopment. 

What  a  lovely  tree  is  that  rarely  seen  Catalpa 
bignonioides,  with  its  large  Lilac-like  leaves  and 
terminal  panicles  of  violet-white  flowers  I  Of  course 
every  place  will  not  produce  trees  of  the  size  to  be 
seen  here  ;  the  largest  has  a  spread  of  branches 
covering  42  feet  in  diameter,  and  is  about  30  feet  in 
hii^ht ;  but  from  its  deep  green  leaves  and  abundarce 
of  peculiarly  shaped  flowers  an  attempt  had  best  be 
made  wherever  a  warm  corner  can  be  found  to  estab- 
lish so  distinct  and  desirable  a  hardwood.  Buxus 
halearica,  with  its  large,  glossy  leaves  and  gigantic 
stature,  stands  out  in  bold  relief  from  the  lighter 
foliaged  shrubs  near  which  it  grows,  and  ofl^ers  a  par- 
ticularly pleasing  interest  to  the  myriads  of  pure  white 
flowers  and  light  green  foliage  of  a  12  feet  wide  speci- 
men of  that  rare  and  beautiful  shrub — Fabiana  im- 
bricata.  There  is  a  notion  abroad,  and  unfortunately 
it  has  gained  too  much  footing,  that  this  plant  is  too 
tender  (or  ordinary  culture  ;  but  I  believe  such  is  not 
the  case,  for  all  through  Camarvonsh'ie  and  Anglesey, 
where  frosts  nipped  hard  enough  during  the  past  long 
winter,  this  pretty  shrub  thrives  well  and  never  was 
seen  in  finer  form  than  during  the  present  summer. 
In  planting  choose  a  rather  dry,  sunny  corner,  and 
all  will  be  right,  and  you  will  soon  have  one  of  the 
most  ornamental  flowering  plants  imaginable,  for  its 
culture  is  simple  and  requirements  few  indeed.  The 
Escallonias  are  fine  shrubs  for  large  grounds,  the 
beautiful  evergreen  foliage  of  any  of  the  half-dozen 
cultivated  kinds  rende»ing  them  of  great  value  for 
winter  decoration.  For  seaside  planting  they  are 
likewise  invaluable,  some  specimens  within  a  couple 
of  hundred  yards  of  the  coast  looking  the  picture  of 
health  and  happiness,  with  wide-spreading  branches 
that  in  one  instance  covered  a  diameter  of  fully 
20  feet.  Thuiopsis  dolabrata  does  well  here,  a  couple 
of  fine  bushy  trees  having  attained  to  heights  of  fully 
16  feet,  and  with  an  abundance  of  bright  healthy 
foliage  regularly  placed  around  the  stems.  Rarely,  if 
ever,  have  we  seen  larger  or  more  healthy  looking 
•slants  o<  this  desirable,  and,  as  yet,  somewhat  rare 
Conifer,  and  we  were  not  a  little  surprised  to  notice 
a  fair  quantity  of  cones  on  the  upper  branches  of  at 
least  one  of  the  specimens. 

Amongst  the  Pine  tribe  the  gaunt-looking  P.  pon- 
derosa  thrives  well,  one  specimen  of  which  we  took 
particular  notice  being  from  50  to  60  feet  in  height, 
with  a  diameter  of  spread  of  branches  almost  equal- 
ling the  height.  The  branches  are  placed  far  apart — 
Bure  indication  of  luxuriant  growth,  and  hang  down- 
wards, while  the  trunk,  which  is  covered  with 
roughish  brown  bark,  has  a  gradual  taper  from  base 
to  apex.  This  fine  tree  was,  at  the  time  we  saw 
it,  rendered  peculiarly  distinct  and  interesting  from 
the  large  number  of  pollen  catkins  that  were  visible  aU 
over  the  branches,  even  the  tips  of  the  branchlets 
were  literally  loaded  with  the  bright  yellow  catkins, 
which  were  set  ofl'  to  advantage  by  the  intense  green 
of  the  foliage.  We  could  not  help  noticing  how 
persistent  the  old  male  flowers  were  on  this  Pine, 
those  for  four  or  five  years  back  still  adhering  thickly 
to  the  branches,  a  tuft  of  the  long  leaves  marking  off 
with  great  distinctness  the  division  between  each 
year's  growth. 

Near  to  this  Pine  numerous  large  specimens  of 
Libocedrus  decurrens  — trees  of  30  feet  high  and  more 
— are  interspersed  with  far-spreading  Lebanon  Cedars 
and  upright-growing  ("ypresses,  some  of  the  latter  {C. 
horizontalis)  having  reached  heights  of  fully  30  feet, 
with  well  furnished  stems,  the  whole  outline,  as  is 
common  in  this  tree,  being  strictly  fastigiate.  Pinus 
excelsa  and  the  nearly  allied  P.  Strobus  looked  well, 
their  light  silvery  foliage  being  rather  a  pleasant 
change  from  the  deep  greens  and  bluey-greens  of  the 
tribe  generally. 

That  rather  uncommon  tree,  the  Atlantic  Cedar,  is 
here  in  all  its  grandeur — indeed,  we  cannot  remem- 
ber having  seen  larger  or  more  healthy  looking 
epeciioeas  anywhere,   some  of  the  individual  trees 


measuiing  fully  50  feet  in  height,  with  a  wide  and 
easy  sweep  of  the  bwet  branches,  these  covering  a 
spread  in  some  instances  of  upwards  of  40  feet.  A 
remarkable  djll;rence  in  the  colour  cf  foliage  is 
visible  in  these  trees,  some  being  of  an  almrst  Vew- 
green,  while  others  were  light  in  the  extreme,  almost 
as  much  so  as  in  the  Indian  species  ;  but  even  this 
tree,  again,  is  subject  to  great  variation  in  tint  of 
leaf. 

Of  truly  gigantic  proportions  were  some  hall  a-dczen 
trees  of  Wellingtonia  gigantea,  the  produce  of  seeds 
sent  from  California  some  thirty  years  ago.  Having 
been  allowed  plenty  of  room,  the  lower  branches  are 
thick  and  spreading,  and  the  stems  with  a  gradual 
taper  Ihroughou'.  Cones  were  unusually  abundant 
on  these  trees,  some  of  the  lower  branches  being 
weighed  down  by  their  numbers  and  solidity. 

When  speaking  of  the  Abies  tribe  we  omitted 
making  mention  of  A.  lasiocarpa,  a  goodly  specimen 
of  which  was  growing  to  the  leeward  of  a  handsome 
cut-leaved  form  of  ttie  Hornbeam.  Not  often  has 
one  the  pleasure  of  seeing  anything  like  a  fine  plant 
of  this  Fir,  and  certainly  the  one  in  question  was  by 
far  the  biggest  we  have  yet  seen,  with  biight  glossy 
foliige  that  indicated  the  most  robust  slate  of  health 


and  contentment  with  its  surroundings.  Tiaincd 
against  the  flower  garden  wall  were  sever.al  rare 
shrubs,  notably  the  Oleander  (Nerium  Oleandei)  and 
Cytisus  nigricans.  The  former  is  rarely  seen  p'aTed 
out-of-doors  in  Britain,  but  the  plant  just  refcired  to 
has  been  in  its  present  position  for  many  years,  and 
has  repeatedly  during  severe  winters  been  cut  to  the 
ground,  yet  flourish  it  will,  and  judging  from  the 
myriads  of  pretty  flowers  with  which  it  was  adorned 
clearly  proves  that  it  was  but  little  the  worse  for  the 
trying  weather  with  which  it  has  successfully  battled, 
The  Cytisus  was,  in  truth,  a  mass  of  bloom,  about 
6  feet  square,  and  well  it  looked,  few  plants  having 
a  more  ornamental  appearance  when  trained  against 
a  warm  sunny  wall.  A.  D.  ]Vehsta; 


AGRICULTURAL  RETURNS  OF 
GREAT  BRITAIN  FOR  i8S(5. 
From  the  Agricultural  Dspartment,  Piivy  Council 
Office,  we  have  received  the  following  summary.  The 
returns  were  collected  on  June  4  in  the  years  1SS4, 
1SS5,  and  1886  :- 


2,677,038 

',47S,3>S 
s,  =86,064 


'.'57.346 


',915.363 
!,940,430 


565,''45 
548,731 
553.990 


69,358 


1886 

•itil 

Increase 
Decrease 

( 
{ 

or  4  8  percent. 

5.=59 
or  I  percent. 

1SS5 

I9'.25( 
or  7.8  per  cent. 

16,080 
or  0.7  per  cent. 

::::      i     :::; 

1.360 
or  1.9  percent. 

18S6 

toinn.-ired     \ 
■  834 

■llh 

i  Decrease 

1 
1 

72,446 
or  3.3  per  cent. 

166,338 

or  5.7  per  cent. 

70Q 
or  1.0  percent. 

390.974 
ori4-6  per  cent. 

11,058 
or  2  per  cent. 

Cattle. 

5heep  and  Lambs. 

Pigs. 

Sheep. 

Lambs.         | 

Total. 

1S44 

1885 

1886     ..         

6,269,141 
6,597,964 
6,646,785 

16,384,863 
16,537,607 
16,176,410 

9,683,491 

■   9.997,028 

9.344.9=4 

26,008,354 
26,534.635 
=5,521.334 

2.584,391 
2.403,380 

2,221,557 

1866              ('— =         ••          { 

377.644 
or  6  per  cent. 

|lu    p\^\i. 


laM'i  Bees.— Much  as  I  respect  Dr.  Watts,  I  have 
at  times  had  grave  doubts  of  the  truth  of  some  of  his 
sacred  poeiiy.  In  my  earliest  years,  when  I  read  about 
"darkness,  fire,  and  chains,"  I  thought  the  good  old 
doctor  was  rather  stretching  the  matter,  and  under 
certain  circumstances  I  have  found  the  folio  *ing  true  : 
—  "Mow  dolh  the  little  lazy  bee,"  &c.;  and  here 
ajain,  you  see,  I  differ  in  opinion  from  the  same 
learned  doctor.  I  have  this  year  had  a  stock  of  bees 
which  have  been  simply  idle.  They  would  not 
swarm,  and  they  would  not  go  into  a  super.  The 
hive  held  nine  frame?.  Last  winter,  being  generously 
disposed — as  of  course  I  always  am — I  left  these  same 
bees  the  nine  frames  full  of  honey,  thinking  ibat  by 
this  act  of  generosity  they  would  breed  early,  and 
would  either  send  forth  a  fine  swarm,  or  fill  for  me  a 
good  super.  I  did  not  want  a  swar.n,  but  being  very 
loyal,  I  thought  I  would  have  a  gigantic  jubilee 
super,  and  I  intended  sending  this  jubilee  super  as  a 
present  in  a  certain  direction,  being  ambitious  enough 
to  wish  it  to  stand  on  the  dinner-table  of  Windsor 
Castle  itself.  But  man  proposes.  I  got  me  a  terrible 
glass  super,  20  inches  in  diameter,  and  fixed  it  over 
the  bees,  I  got  holes  drilled  in  the  glass  so  that 
the  bees  should  not  be  suffocated,  and  put  some 
thin  foundation  for  them  to  have  less  labour.  When 
the  weather  was  cool  I  covered  them  up  warm,  and 
when  it  was  hot  I  ventilated  them.  But  these  stiff- 
necked  bees  played  me  horrible  pranks.  Sometimes 
they  would  go  up  into  the  super  in  sboals,  and  take 


honey  up  there  too.  Then  would  they  see  fit  to  take 
it  down.  This  went  on  all  the  summer,  and  roused  my 
indignation  to  such  a  pitch  that  I  vowed  summary  ven- 
geance. 

Therefore  about  a  week  ago  I  went  to  this  hive 
and  dealt  them  a  fearful  volume  of  smoke.  Then  I 
took  off  the  huge  unjubilee  super,  removed  the  hive  on 
one  side,  stood  the  super  in  its  place,  and  after  dealing 
smoke  still  more  fearful  in  quantity  than  before  I 
took  out  every  scrap  of  honey  (nine  frames  completely 
filled),  and  I  put  the  bees  into  the  super,  which  now 
formed  the  stock  hive.  I  just  gave  them  a  bottle  or 
two  of  syrup  by  means  of  a  special  contrivance,  and 
they  have  done  more  in  one  week  than  in  all  the 
summer  before.  The  bees  are  bringing  in  pollen  and 
honey,  and  the  queen  is  very  busy  also  As  I 
did  this  in  good  time  there  is  little  doubt  but  that  the 
bees  will  get  enough  food  for  winter  even  now.  Some 
may  say  that  the  bees  will  not  live  in  glass  hives.  I 
would  refer  them  to  a  previous  article  of  mine  on 
glass  hives.  I  think  I  have  cured  these  lazy  bees  of 
their  bad  habits,  and  got,  say,  32  lb.  of  honey  out  of 
them.  Go  thou  and  do  likewise.  IVaHer  Chilly^ 
Pcwsey. 


PucuCATiONS  Received.  —  Vick's  Monthly 
Magazine  and  Floral  Gitult. — Soiithcin  Planter  and 
Dixie  Farmer. — F..\ position  Univcrselle  tVAnvcrs^ 
1SS5.  Expositions  Permanent^  ct  Tcmporairci 
d^ Hortieultiirc.     Resnltat  dcs  Concours. 


August  21,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


239 


\\\   |)ci[bai[cous   m\M\\ 


petals  are  shed,  as  they  blow  a  considerable  distance 
over  the  surface  of  a  smooth  lawn  or  gravel  walk  and 
impart  an  untidy  appearance.  Wni.  M,  Baillie, 
Luton  IIoo  Gardens. 


lower  than  70'  at  night,  and  the  intermediate-house 
be  kept  at  about  65°,  keeping  a  little  bottom  venti- 
lation on  for  the  Cattleyas.   C.  IVoolford,  DmonsUe. 


CAMPANULA    MACROSTYLA. 

Mr.  Moore  sends  us  from  the  Botanic  Garden, 
Chelsea,  specimens  of  this  remarkable  annual  Cam- 
panula. The  plant  is  1—2  feet  high,  of  raihcr 
straggling  habit,  from  the  distance  between  the  long 
spreading  branches.  The  upper  leaves  are  sessile 
and  lanceolate ;  the  flowers  are  borne  in  loose 
terminal  cymes,  each  flower  measuring  about 
2j  inches  across,  and  provided  wiih  .1  leafy  calyx 
of  five  lance-shaped  segments,  vviih  ear-like  pro- 
cesses at  the  base,  as  in  the  Canterbury  Bell. 
The  corolla-tube  is  broadly  bell-shaped,  as  long 
as  the  sepals,  the  limb  spreading  into  five  deltoid 
or  broadly  triangular  segments  of  a  bluish  lilac 
colour,  while  the  interior  of  the  tubs  is  white, 
with  a  network  of  violet  veins.  The  stamens  are 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  with  long-pointed  purplish 
anthers,  which  ripen  olT  and  disperse  the  pollen 
before  the  stigma  ol  the  same  flower  is  ripe  for  impreg- 
nation (protandrous).  The  style  protrudes  beyond 
the  corolla  in  the  form  of  a  stoutisb  column,  dividing 
at  the  end  into  three  broad,  strap-shaped  divisions  as 
long  as  the  style  itself,  but  of  a  dull  purple  colour. 
The  upper  or  inner  surface  is  smooth  and  shining, 
the  lower  or  outer  surface  being  the  true  stigma. 
These  stigmatic  lobes  are  usually  erect,  and  applied 
one  against  the  other,  forming  a  spindle-shaped  ter- 
mination to  the  style,  but  sometimes  the  three  stigmas 
separate  more  or  less  widely. 

Those  interested  in  the  ways  of  flowers  and  their 
"goings  on  "  with  insect  visitors,  will  probably  find 
this  flower  worthy  of  their  attention.  The  plant  is  an 
annual,  and  is  strikingly  handsome,  quite  apart  from 
the  peculiarities  of  its  floral  structure  and  the  interest 
attaching  to  its  habits  of  life.  There  is  a  pink  variety 
called  rosKflora,  which  does  not  seem  to  differ,  except 
in  the  colour  of  the  flowers. 

The  plant  was  introduced  in  1877,  and  was  noticed 
in  our  colums,  October  25,  1S7S,  as  requiring  a  warm, 
light,  and  rich  soil,  in  a  sunny  position. 


CUTTING.S  OF  EVERGREEN  SHRUBS. 

Cuttings  of  evergreen  shrubs  may  now  be  put  in, 
beds  being  prepared  for  them  in  a  shady  situation.  A 
little  river  or  other  sand  and  leaf-mould  should  be 
worked  into  the  natural  soil.  Cuttings  of  the  younger 
wood  should  be  chosen  ;  these  may  be  from  4  inches 
to  I  foot  in  length.  They  should  have  the  leaves 
removed  from  that  portion  of  the  wood  which  is 
inserted  in  the  mould  only  ;  the  tops  should  not  be 
removed.  The  soil  should  be  kept  moderately  moist 
and  shaded  sulliciently  to  keep  them  from  becoming 
flaccid,  A  few  rods  stuck  in  the  ground  and  bent  over 
the  beds  to  support  a  mat  or  evergreen  boughs  will 
serve  the  purpose.  The  shading  should  only  be  allowed 
to  remain  on  when  the  sun  is  shining,  but  at  all  other 
times  the  beds  should  be  exposed  to  light.  When 
Conifers  are  raised  from  leading  shoots,  or  the  tops 
of  seedlings,  they  will  make,  in  most  instances, 
handsome  plants,  in  some  cases,  as  in  Araucaria, 
better  furnished  plants  than  seedlings,  and  which,  in 
the  young  state  especially,  are  useful  for  many 
purposes. 

Perennials  and  Seeds. 

Advantage  should  be  taken  of  wet  days  for  plant- 
ing out  hardy  perennials,  such  as  Wallflowers, 
Sweet  Williams,  Sweet  Rockets,  Campanulas, 
Lunarias,  &c.,  but  if  the  weather  should  prove  dry  the 
operation  had  better  be  deferred  a  little  longer. 

Flower  seeds,  whether  of  annuals,  biennials,  or 
perennials,  should  be  speedily  gathered  after  they  be- 
come fit,  and  ere  they  are  shaken  out  of  the  seed  vessels 
by  the  wind.  Unless  the  species  be  rare  or  curious, 
seed  saving  is  scarcely  worth  the  trouble,  as  most 
perennials  propagate  freely  from  cuttings  or  subdivi- 
sion. Any  ordinary  species  of  any  of  the  above  can 
be  purchased  much  cheaper  than  they  can  be  saved. 

Roses. 
Roses  will  require  constant  attention  with  manure- 
water.     Fading  flowers  should  be  removed  ere  the 


yHf:   flRCHiD   J4ougf:5. 

EAST   INDIAN   HOUSE. 

The  Aerides  and  Saccolabiums  in  this  house  are 
best  potted  in  the  spring,  and  those  grown  on  stages 
should  be  arranged  so  as  not  to  be  obliged  to  interfere 
with  them  during  the  growing  season.  If  we  can 
endure  the  sight  cf  a  few  dirty  pots  it  is  all  in  favour 
cf  these  plants,  with  such  rambling  roots,  not  to  be 
turning  them  about  every  week,  as  the  tips  of  the 
roots  are  sure  to  get  injured.  Should  the  sphagnum 
in  which  they  are  potted  be  getting  bad  on  the  suifice 
it  should  be  taken  away,  and  the  pot  top-dressed  lightly 
with  some  which  has  been  freshly  gathered.  In  potting 
Aerides  and  Saccolabiums  it  is  not  good  practice  to  bury 
all  the  roots.  Some  growers  might  do  so  for  appeaance' 
sake,  but  the  plants  pass  much  ssler  through  the  winter 
if  the  roots  are  left  exposed,  as  the  plants  are  then  not 
so  likely  to  get  spot  or  to  lose  the  bottom  leaves. 
Now  flowering  in  this  house  is  Pachystoma  Thom- 
sonianum,  a  very  pretty  little  Orchid  not  ofien  met 
with  ;  it  grows  very  well  on  the  north  side  suspended 
near  the  roof,  and  should  be  supplied  with  plenty  of 
water  whilst  growing,  but  very  little  afier  the  leaves 
drop  off.  AngriEcum  Kotschyi  is  a  very  slow  growing 
plant.  The  best  place  we  can  find  f-jr  this  at  present 
is  at  the  dry  warm  end  of  this  house,  grown  in  a 
hanging  cylinder ;  it  delights  to  root  on  the  dry  wood, 
and  rtfases  to  grow  in  damp  moss  or  peat.  Vanda 
Sanderiana  is  growing  suspended  at  the  coolest  end 
of  an  East  Indian  house  which  stands  north  and 
south;  it  is  now  sending  out  spikes  freely.  Several 
plants  of  this  species  are  as  interesting  as  V.  tricolor, 
varying  like  this  variety  in  their  shades  of  colour  and 
markings. 

Cypripediums. 

Those  that  are  well  rooted  might  be  improved  by 
putting  them  into  pots  a  little  larger  than  those  in 
which  they  stand.  In  the  compost  for  these,  I  like  to 
add  a  few  lumps  of  light  yellow  loam,  choosing  that 
which  has  but  little  fibre,  and  not  breaking  the  lumps 
too  small ;  this  keeps  the  plants  sweeter  at  the  roots 
than  when  so  much  peat  is  used. 

Dendrobiums. 
Many  of  these  will  now  begin  to  finish  up  this 
season's  growth.  It  is  not  necessary  with  us  to  place 
D.;ndrobiums  in  fruit-houses  to  mature  their  pseudo- 
bulbs,  as  the  house  they  are  grown  in  is  about  40  feet 
long,  and  we  can  vary  their  treatment  in  this  house. 
Those  plants  that  have  made  their  growth  are  placed 
at  the  cooler  end  here,  giving  plenty  of  top  ventilation, 
also  at  the  bottom  ;  and  in  the  other  half  of  the  house  we 
keep  the  top  ventilators  closed,  with  plenty  of  moisture 
about  when  the  weather  is  bright.  Where  Dendrobiums 
are  grown  in  the  East  Indian  and  Cattleya  house,  it 
is  necessary  to  place  some  species  in  an  atmosphere 
that  will  induce  them  to  ripen,  and  not  start  a  second 
growth,  and  a  very  good  place  for  this  purpose  is  a  late 
vinery  where  the  Grapes  are  colouring,  in  which  the 
season  is  past  for  shutting  up  and  damping  down.  If 
the  laterals  on  the  Vines  are  thinned  it  will  suit  the 
Orchids  better,  and  care  should  be  taken  not  to 
remove  the  plants  too  early  from  their  growing  quar- 
ters when  they  appear  to  have  finished,  but  rather 
place  them  where  they  will  receive  more  sunlight  for 
a  lime.  It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  Dendrobiums 
are  very  active  in  making  root  at  this  time  of  year,  so 
that  a  sudden  change  of  treatment  will  give  them  a 
severe  check  that  may  cause  the  pseudobulbs  to 
shrivel,  and  when  taken  back  into  the  warm  house 
again  they  start  to  grow,  instead  of  flowering. 
If  the  plants  are  placed  in  a  vinery  they  should 
be  watered  once  or  twice  a  week  to  prevent 
their  roots  from  perishing,  using  the  same  kind  of 
water  the  plants  have  been  accustomed  to. 

General  Directions. 
Now  that  Crelogyns  cristata  is  beginning  to  form  its 
new  bulbs  it  will  take  plenty  of  water  ;  but  be  careful 
not  to  let  any  fall  into  the  growths.  This  Orchid  is 
growing  here  in  different  houses,  but  those  in  the 
Cattleya-house  do  best.  During  the  present  month 
the  temperature  in  the  East  Indian-bouse  should  not  fall 


*Pl.A^IT^  AND  THEIR  ^^ULTUF^E. 


PLANT  HOUSES. 
There  is  no  lime  in  the  whole  year  so  suitable  f-jr 
these  structures  to  be  thoroughly  examined  and 
repaired  as  the  present,  as  the  inmates  can  be  tempo- 
rarily placed  either  out-of-doors  or  in  pits  and  frames. 
Cut  ofl'  blooms  of  Everlastings  as  they  approach  their 
full  size,  for  if  left  on  beyond  that  period  the  flowers 
lose  colour  and  the  petals  drop.  The  best  of  the  orna- 
mental grasses  must  not  be  overlooked  ;  these  will  be 
found  useful  in  house  decorations,  as  the  flower- 
heads  when  tastefully  arranged,  give  an  elegant 
finish  to  the  design.  Stipa  pinnata  and  S.  elegan- 
tissima,  Paspalum  elegans,  Gymnothrix  latifolia,  Coix 
lachryma,  Eragrostis  elegans  and  E.  papposa,  Eulalia 
japonica  zebiina,  Briza  in  variety,  and  Bromus  brizre- 
formis — if  none  of  these  have  been  grown  for  the 
purpose  there  are  numerous  sorts  that  are  common  in 
our  woods  and  on  roadsides  that  almost  equal  ihem 
for  elegance.  They  should  be  gathered  when  dry, 
placing  them  in  an  upright  position  in  an  airy  room, 
using  for  the  purpose  of  holding  them  together  large 
glasses  or  flower-pots.  If  the  common  Bryony  be 
looked  after  now,  and  the  shoots  pulled  out  straight, 
there  is  little  difficulty  in  getting  long  useful 
berried  lines  for  festooning  at  Christmas  time  when 
decorations  with  berries  are  very  appropriate.  Phy- 
salis  Alkekengi  is  another  hardy  berried  plant  that 
can  be  used  with  good  effect. 

Propagating. 
Cuttings  should  now  be  put  in  of  such  stove  plants 
as  are  required.  I  refer  to  such  subjects  as  Franciseas, 
Ixoras,  Dipladenias,  Toxicophlcea  spectabilis,  \^incas, 
Clerodendrons,  Allamandas,  Rondeletias,  Aphelan- 
dras,  Hoyas,  Hibiscus,  &c.  The  cuttings  should  be 
put  into  small  pots  singly,  using  peat  with  plenty  of 
sand,  and  the  more  robust  sorts  should  have  a  soil 
that  is  somewhat  nutritious  put  at  the  bottom  of  the 
pots,  as  they  will  have  to  stand  the  whole  of  the 
winter  in  them.  The  advantage  of  striking  the  above 
in  the  autumn  instead  of  the  spring  is,  that  they  have 
a  good  start,  and  will  bloom  much  earlier  and  freer 
thanlater  struck  plants  Of  fine-foliage  plants,  which 
may  with  advantage  be  put  in  now,  are  Cissus,  Pothos, 
Crotons,  Sonerilas,  Peperomas,  Spha;rogynes.  The 
different  varieties  of  Neriums  should  be  seen  to  ; 
these  require  to  be  kept  very  moist  ;  they  may  also  be 
struck  in  bottles  of  water,  in  which  they  root  freely. 
The  sweet-scented  \'erbena  (Aloysia  citriodora) 
strikes  more  freely  now  if  the  cuttings  taken  off  are 
not  too  much  matured  ;  get  iit  all  the  cuttings  pro- 
curable of  Poinsettia  and  Euphorbia  jacquiniflora, 
Fern  fronds  should  be  laid  on  pots  or  pans  of  soil 
with  a  glass  over  them,   A,  Evans,  Lylke  Hill. 


"pF^UITg     ^NDEF(     ^QLAg3. 


POT  STRAWBERRIES. 

The  young  plants  which  were  layered  into  the 
fruiting  pots  early  in  July  should  be  detached  forth- 
with from  the  parents,  and  the  pots  be  stood  on  brick 
walls  eDclosing  Vine  borders,  or  other  similar  places, 
or  on  coal-ashes,  in  any  situation  well  exposed  to  ihe 
south  and  west,  so  that  the  plants  have  the  benefit  of 
the  sun-heat  to  ripen  their  crowns,  without  which  a 
satisfactory  crop  next  spring  cannot  be  ensured.  Con- 
tinue to  give  the  plants,  when  established,  liberal 
daily  supplies  of  weak  liquid  manure  until  they  have 
completed  their  growth,  towards  the  end  of  next 
month,  and  with  the  object  of  concentrating  the 
energies  ol  the  plants  to  the  formation  of  large  and, 
as  already  stated,  well-ripened  crowns,  remove  all 
runners,  and  any  small  crowns  that  may  spring  from 
the  principal  ones  as  soon  as  they  appear. 

Vines. 
These,  in  every  stage  of  growth,  should  have 
abundance  of  air  admitted  during  sunny  weather,  and 
a  dry  rather  than  a  humid  atmosphere  should  be  aimed 
at  day  and  night.  Keep  the  water  in  the  pipes  suf- 
Bciently  warm  at  night  to  prevent  the  temperature 
from  falling  below  65°,  and  at  75"  by  day  in  houses 
containing  thick  skinned  varieties  of  Grapes,  such  as 
Lady  Downe's,  Ulack  Alicante,  Mrp.  Pince's  Black 
Muscat,  Gros  Colmar,  Gros  Guillaume,  Gros  Maroc, 
and  Chiswick  Seedling,  so  as  to  get  them  well 
ripened  by  the  middle  or  end  of  next  month,  other- 
wise they  will  not  keep  well.  H^  IV.  lizard,  Longford 
Castle. 


240 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


tAUGUST  5i,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

{special    Trade    Sale  of    Dutch    Dulbs,    at 
Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Kirst-class  Dutch  Bulbs,  in  lots  to 
suit  all  Buyers,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
t  Royal  Horticultural  Society:    Me    ' 
Tuesday,      Aug.  34-! 

(Shows  at  ReadinR,  Battle,  and  Harpenden. 
Clearance  Sale  ol   Stove  and    Greenhouse 

I  Sale  of  First-class  Dutch  Bulbs,  in  lots,  at 

I,     Stevens'  Rooms. 

I  Show.  Royal  Horticultural  of  Ireland. 

Thursday,    Aur,  a6  .<    ' 

f  Show 
Friday,  Aug.  27  X  Sale  of    Imported    Orchids,  at    Protheroe 

\     &  Morris'  Rooms. 

(  Special  Trade  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  at  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris'  Rooms. 

Dutch  Bulbs,  in  lots,  at 


SATURDAY,      Aug.  ,8  J  5^,^/™=^ 


Stevi 


'  Rooms. 


STERN  utilitarians  of  the  Gradgrind  school 
have  been  known  to  scoff  at  the  fancies  of 
the  florists,  or  at  best  to  look  with  an  eye  of 
pity  on  the  labours  of  the  rosarians,  the  tulipo- 
maniacs,  and  other  members  of  the  floral  fra- 
ternity. "  Very  pretty,"  is  about  all  they  can 
express  when  brought  into  contact  with  the 
tuberous  Begonias  of  the  present  day,  which 
did  not  even  exist  ten  years  ago  1  "Ah,  very 
nice  ! "  is  all  they  can  say  about  the  Pelargo- 
niums, which  Sweet  himself  would  not  recog- 
nise now-a-days  could  he  but  see  them.  And 
so  with  most  of  the  productions  of  the  florist. 

Not  only  the  members  of  the  Gradgrind 
school,  but  even  the  public  in  general,  have 
little  or  no  idea  of  what  they  owe  now,  still  less 
of  what  they  will  owe  in  the  future,  to  the 
patient  labours  of  the  experimentalist.  An 
apology  is  sometimes  made  for  horse-racing  on 
the  score  that  it  encourages  the  breeding  of 
horses,  and  secures  the  progressive  improve- 
ment of  the  race  to  which  the  noble  animal 
belongs.  Perhaps  it  does  ;  we  are  willing  to 
admit  that  it  may  do  so,  for  in  this  particular  we 
have  a  tellow  feeling  with  the  horsey  ones. 
We  know  for  our  own  parts  that  the  fancies  of 
the  experimentalists  have  led  in  the  past,  do 
now,  and  will  increasingly  in  the  future,  lead  to 
results  which  must  in  their  consequences 
materially  benefit  the  whole  race  of  mankind, 
even  though  now  they  seem  only  to  satisfy  the 
whims  and  caprices  of  the  specialists.  What- 
ever the  utilitarian  may  think  of  Pansies  and 
Auriculas  he  will  not  refuse  his  sympathies  to 
the  labours  of  the  agriculturist.  He  can  appre- 
ciate their  present  and  prospective  value,  and 
he  has  been  known  even  to  quote,  without, 
however,  knowing  much  about  it,  the  advan- 
tages of  combining  science  with  practice — the 
good  easy  man  being  unaware  that  good  prac- 
tice and  good  science  are  really  inseparable — 
necessary  components  of  one  whole.  Possibly 
our  friend  may  have  heard  the  adage  that 
"  Horticuhure  is  the  parent  of  agriculture,"  and 
remembering  the  Garden  of  Eden  and  the 
pastoral  and  agricultural  results  that  followed 
upon  the  expulsion  of  our  first  parents  from  that 
paradisaical  retreat,  he  may  be  inclined  to  admit 
its  truth,  but  it  has  scarcely  occurred  to  him  that 
the  adage  is  as  true  now  in  this  nineteenth 
century  as  ever  it  was.  It  has  not  come  home 
to  him  that  the  labours  of  the  physiologist  and 
of  the  gardener,  of  such  men  as  Darwin  and 
Knight,  and  the  host  of  experimenters  and 
raisers  of  new  Peas,  new  Strawberries,  new  Pears, 
and  so  forth,  are  of  any  importance  to  him  as  a 
man  of  practice.  The  gardener  knows  better  ; 
he  knows  it  so  well  indeed  that  he  takes  it  as  a 
matter  of  course.  To  him  hybridisation,  cross- 
breeding, selection,  are  things  ol  everyday 
occurrence.  He  knows  that  he  owes  his  best 
Broccolis,  his  choicest  Potatos,  his  most 
esteemed  Grapes,  to  one  or  other,  or  both,  of 
these  practices  ;  he  adopts  the  results  as  they 
come  to  him,  and  as  they  suit  his  purpose,  and 
he  is  eagerly  on  the  look-out  for  future  improve- 
ments from  the  same  sources.  Once  get  the 
practical   man  (as   he   calls   himself,  but   with 


scant  reason)  to  see  this,  and  he  will  no 
longer  be  disposed  to  scoff  at  practices  from 
which  so  much  has  been  done  in  the  past,  from 
which  so  much  may  be  expected  in  the  future. 

Up  till  lately  selection  and  hybridisation  have 
been  chiefly  practised  by  the  florist,  with  what 
results  our  exhibitions  testify.  The  seedsmen 
have  followed  suit,  as  their  "improved  selec- 
tions "  and  "  new  strains  "  of  garden  vegetables 
show  ;  now,  at  last,  the  agriculturists  are  be- 
ginning to  find  out  that  it  is  worth  their  while 
to  ascertain  whether  the  same  procedures 
which  have  wrought  such  marvellous  results 
with  the  florist  may  not  be  of  use  to  them  also. 
It  is,  however,  hardly  just  to  the  seedsmen  to 
give  agriculturists  the  credit  for  this,  as  it  is 
really  mainly  to  the  seedsmen  that  the  advance 
is  due. 

Two  special  illustrations  occur  to  us  as  we 
write,  but  they  are  only  two  among  many,  of 
the  tendency  to  employ  the  methods  of  experi- 
mental science  to  the  furtherance  of  agriculture. 
We  allude  to  the  experiments  carried  out  at 
Reading  by  Messrs.  Sutton  in  the  case  of  the 
Potato,  and  to  those  of  Messrs.  Carter,  at 
Forest  Hill,  in  the  case  of  Wheat.  Space  does 
not  permit  us  now  to  enter  into  detail  as  to 
either  of  these  interesting  series  of  experi- 
ments, but  we  may  find  another  opportunity 
of  alluding  to  them.  In  the  meantime  we  may 
refer  to  our  article,  October  25,  1SS5,  for  a 
general  account  of  the  numerous  experiments 
undertaken  by  Messrs.  Sutton.  In  that 
article — to  cite  only  one  case— we  narrated 
what  the  "  magicians  of  Reading  "  had  been 
enabled  to  do  with  the  Solanum  Maglia,  or 
the  Darwin  Potato,  and  we  pointed  out  that 
even  at  that  time  the  Solanum  Maglia  was 
much  more  nearly  related  to  the  ordinary  culti- 
vated Potato  than  the  plant  figured  as  S. 
tuberosum  by  Mr.  Baker.  The  question  has 
been  taken  up  also  by  the  veteran  botanist,  M. 
Alphonse  de  Candolle  as  we  had  recently 
occasion  to  remark  (p.  176).  After  another 
year's  cultivation  Messrs.  Sutton  have  been 
able  to  show  experimentally  a  further  advance. 
The  distinctions  between  ordinary  tuberosum 
and  the  so-called  Maglia  have  been,  not  wholly 
but  in  great  measure  obliterated,  and  at  any 
rate  the  presumption  that  the  Maglia  form  was 
the  parent  of  our  cultivated  Potatos  has  been 
greatly  strengthened.  S.  Maglia,  to  speak 
broadly,  has  been  converted  in  a  great  measure 
into  S.  tuberosum.  Botanically  it  comes  to 
this,  that  there  is  but  one  species,  of 
which  there  are  several  forms,  differing  accord- 
ing to  climatal  and  other  considerations. 
These  forms  not  only  interbreed  but  their  cha- 
racteristics are  more  or  less  interchangeable, 
and  may  be  made  to  interchange  by  the  art  of 
the  cultivator  to  his  own  advantage. 

"Well,  what  if  all  this  be  true.'"  says  the 
practical  man.  "  Of  what  use  is  all  this  to  us  ? 
Very  interesting  to  men  of  science,  no  doubt, 
but  of  no  value  to  us."  Here  we  join  issue. 
We  believe  every  fact,  proved  to  be  such,  is  or 
is  capable  of  being  either  directly  or  indirectly 
beneficial  to  those  who  know  how  to  apply  it 
aright.  At  any  rate,  in  the  present  instance  the 
practical  interest  lies  in  this,  that  the  Maglia 
from  Chili  is  hardier  that  the  forms  derived 
from  the  Andes,  and  in  all  probability  better 
adapted  to  our  climate. 

Traces  of  the  wildness  of  Maglia  may  be 
recognised  in  the  statement  of  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker,  that  for  some  years  after  its  intro- 
duction to  Kew  it  produced  no  tubers  at  all, 
though  it  does  so  now  ;  and  similar  evidence  is 
forthcoming  at  Reading  in  the  fact  that  the 
tubers  are  not  produced  "at  home,"  as  the 
phrase  goes,  i.e.,  that  the  stolons  are  not 
short  but  long,  and  produce  their  tubers 
at  a  relatively  long  distance  from  the 
centre  of  the  haulm ;  and,  moreover,  these 
same  stolons,  instead  of  confining  them- 
selves to  producing  tubers,  end  in  long  shoots 


like  suckers,  which  throw  up  new  haulms  like 
Strawberry  runners.  We  are  not  sure  that 
Messrs.  Sutton  will  thank  us  for  revealing  this 
rather  undesirable  peculiarity  of  their  Maglias, 
but  as  they  are  not  likely  to  "  send  them  out  " 
before  they  have  been  civilised  into  good 
behaviour  there  is  no  indiscretion,  in  the 
interests  of  science,  in  mentioning  the  fact. 
In  the  meantime  it  is  certain  that  Messrs. 
Sutton  have  very  materially  broken  down  the 
barriers  between  the  so-called  S.  Maglia  and 
S.  tuberosum,  and  at  present  we  cannot  fully 
appreciate  what  the  precise  consequences  of 
such  iconoclasm  may  be  ;  suffice  it  to  say, 
from  the  experiments  in  general,  that  the  con- 
structive elements  promise  to  outweigh  the 
destructive  ones,  and  induce  us  to  look  forward 
with  firm  confidence  to  results  of  much  future 
practical  value. 

Adverting  now  to  Messrs.  Carter's  experi- 
ments on  cross-bred  Wheats  which  are  being 
carried  out  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr. 
Sharman,  at  Forest  Hill,  we  may  point  to 
them  as  affording  excellent  and  hopeful  illus- 
trations of  the  benefits  which  will  accrue  to  the 
agriculturist  from  the  adoption  of  methods  long 
familiar  to  the  florist  and  raiser  of  new  plants. 
Why  agriculturists  have  been  so  slow  to  see  the 
advantages  of  the  plans  followed  by  their  gar- 
dening friends,  and  so  chary  of  adopting  them, 
is  a  mystery  to  us.  Be  this  as  it  may,  how- 
ever, farmers  and  those  interested  in  physiolo- 
gical questions  connected  wiih  cross-breeding, 
may  find  much  to  interest  them  just  now  at 
Forest  Hill.  Those  who  know  the  structure  of 
the  Wheat  flower,  and  its  tendency  to  self-ferti- 
lisation, will  appreciate  the  care  and  nicety 
required  in  effecting  cross-fertilisation.  The 
glumes  have  to  be  separated  at  a  very  early 
stage,  the  anthers  cut  away,  and  the  pollen 
applied  to  the  stigma — a  procedure  that  occu- 
pies at  least  an  hour  for  each  ear  operated  on. 
One  main  object  of  Messrs.  Carter  has  been 
to  raise  a  variety  of  Wheat  which,  while  pos- 
sessing other  desirable  characteristics,  shall 
ripen  its  grain  more  quickly  than  the  ordinary 
kinds.  How  important  this  may  be  in  our 
climate  no  one  will  fail  to  see. 

It  was  obvious  also  how  destructive  birds  are, 
and  it  was  curious  to  observe  that,  in  addition 
to  the  use  of  muslin  bags  and  nets  to  keep  the 
marauders  off,  attempts  were  being  made,  and, 
as  it  seemed,  successfully,  to  breed  varieties 
with  close-set,  sharply-pointed  glumes,  sufficient 
to  keep  intruders  at  bay.  Attempts  are  also 
made  to  secure  short,  thick,  well-set  ears,  rather 
than  long  ones,  in  order  that  there  should  be 
proportionately  greater  produce  in  less  space, 
so  that,  amongst  other  advantages,  there  should 
be  less  tendency  in  the  straw  to  become  laid  by 
wind  or  wet. 

Messrs.  CARTER  have  so  arranged  that  rows  of 
the  hybrid  Wheats  are  placed  between  similar 
rows  of  the  parent  forms — male  on  this,  female 
on  that  side  ;  hence,  the  visitor  may  see  for 
himself,  and  contrast  the  characters  of  both  the 
parents  and  of  the  offspring.  Moreover,  they 
have  collected  the  grains  (berries  the  corn 
factors  call  them)  from  both  parents  and  from 
the  cross,  and  kept  each  apart,  so  that  the 
visitor  has  all  the  facts  before  him.  It  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  while  all  the  varieties 
show  flower  about  the  same  time  (all  the  120 
varieties  were  sown  on  the  same  day,  October 
20),  yet  that  there  is  very  great  difference  in 
the  time  of  ripening,  and  that  while  the  male 
parent  seems  generally  to  influence  the  colour 
and  the  form  of  the  grain,  the  female  parent 
governs  the  general  form  of  the  plant  and 
of  the  ear.  We  do  not  profess  to  be  able  to 
assess  the  probable  practical  value  of  the 
results,  but  we  can  testify  to  the  very  re- 
markable results  which  speedily  make  them- 
selves apparent,  in  stature,  earliness  or  lateness 
of  ripening,  size,    shape,    colour    of    ear    and 


The  Gardeners'  Chronicle,! 


Fig.  49.— cypripedium  morgan .-e  :  a  hybrid,     (see  p.  243.) 


[August  21,    1886. 


242 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  18 


grain,  smoothness  or  hairiness  of  chafif,  and 
many  other  points.  Two  things  especially 
struck  us  in  these  cross-bred  Wheats— one  the 
increased  robustness  of  the  hybrid  offipring, 
thus  amply  confirming  Darwin's  views  as  to 
the  advantage  of  at  least  an  occasional  cross  ; 
and  next  the  look  of  superior  refinement  and 
improved  caste,  if  we  may  so  say,  in  the  hybrid 
grains.  On  the  ground  we  were  told  that  these 
appearances  were  not  deceitful,  but  that  Mark 
Lane  factors,  daily  accustomed  to  inspect  and 
handle  samples,  recognise  superior  (juality,  and 
detect  better  milling  properties  in  some  of 
these  cross-bred  productions  of  fine  outward 
appearance. 

We  may  then  conclude,  as  we  began,  by 
urging  our  great  seedsmen  to  continue  to 
follow  the  practices  of  the  gardener  and  of  the 
florist,  confident,  from  our  own  daily  experience, 
that  the  procedures  that  have  wrought  such 
wonders  in  the  one  case  will  be  no  less  pro- 
ductive in  the  other. 


Injurious  Insects.— Mr.  James  Fletcher 

has  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Canadian  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  Ottawa,  an  interesting  and 
valuable  report  on  the  insects  injurious  to  crops  of 
various  kinds,  with  the  remedies  appropriate  in  each 
case,  following  thus  in  the  lines  of  Miss  Ormerod 
and  of  Mr.  Whitehead  in  this  country.  The  diffi- 
culty now-a-days  is  not  so  much  in  supplying  trust- 
worthy information,  but  in  getting  people  to  avail 
themselves  of  it. 

The  Federation  of  Belgian  Horticul- 
tural Societies.— Many  of  us  know  well  the  zeal 
and  energy  our  late  friend,  Professor  Morren, 
bestowed  on  this  Association,  as  on  so  many  others 
of  a  similar  character.  The  Federation  has  also 
lost  the  services  of  M,  Ambrose  Verschaffelt. 
These  are  very  serious  losses,  but  we  congratulate  the 
Federation  on  filling  up  the  vacancies  by  two  such 
competent  men  as  Count  Kerchove,  o(  Denterghem 
(Vice-President),  and  M.  Lubbers,  of  the  Brussels 
Botanic  Garden,  as  Secretary. 

Prunus   Pissardi.— Mr.    Foster,   of   the 

Nurseries,  Stanmore,  sends  us  some  branches  ol  this 
fine  hardy  ornamental  tree  laden  with  fruit.  The 
leaves  are  of  a  deep  reddish-purple,  and  the  globular 
fruit  is  of  a  similar  but  lighter  colour,  and  of  an 
agreeably  acid  flavour.  The  tree  evidently  takes  rank 
not  only  as  a  first-rate  ornamental  tree  for  the  sake 
of  its  foliage,  but  is  by  no  means  despicable  as  a  fruit 
tree. 

Vegetables. — M,  Van  Hulle  counsels  us 

if  we  would  preserve  the  flavour  of  our  vegetables  not 
to  wash  them  before  cooking,  if  it  can  be  avoided. 
The  vegetables,  whether  leaves,  beans,  or  roots, 
should  have  the  dirt  removed  with  a  brush  or  a  cloth, 
or  if  washing  be  indispensable,  it  should  be  done 
rapidly  immediately  befote'placing  them  in  the  sauce- 
pan. 

The  "Botanical  Magazine."— The  plants 

figured  in  the  last  number  of  the  Botanical  Magazine 
are:— 

Ranunculus  Lyallii,  t.  6SS8.— The  stately  New 
Zealand  species,  with  bold  peltate  leaves  and  panicles 
of  large  flat  white  flowers,  figured  in  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  1885,  vol.  xxiii,,  p.  351,  fig.  67. 

Iris  Milesii,  Foster,  t.  6899. — A  north-west  Hima- 
layan species,  originally  described  in  our  columns  by 
Professor  Foster,  18S3,  vol.  xx.,  p.  231.  It  has 
lilac  flowers,  the  keel  on  the  sepals  or  falls  being 
deeply  serrated,  so  as  to  form  a  link  between  the 
fimbriated  and  the  bearded  Irises  (Cambridge  Botanic 
Garden). 

Cerinthc  minor,  t.  6890. — A  hardy  Boraglneous 
plant,  with  sessile  cordate  leaves,  and  arching  clusters 
of  yellow  bell-shaped  flowers  intermixed  with  the 
leaves. 

Disa  atropurpurea,  t,  6891.— No  fewer  than  100 
species  of  Disa  are,  it  is  said,  described.  The 
present  has  narrow  linear  pointed  leaves  and  solitary 
rosy-lilac  flowers  on  the  ends  of  erect  flower-stalks. 
Each  flower  is  about  i^  inch  in  greatest  length. 

Kibes  oxyacanihoides,  t.  6892, — An  American  Goose- 


berry, and  one  which  Sir  Josei'H  Hooker  recom- 
mends as  well  worth  cullivatirig  for  the  sake  of  its 
fruit.  The  clustered  berries  are  globular,  lilac,  and  of 
the  size  of  small  Cherries.  It  is  described  as  an 
unfailing  cropper,  nourishing  when  the  ordinary 
Gooseberry  flags  for  want  of  moisture. 

Froude's    "Oceana."  —  Many  readers  of 

this  attractive  book  will  be  interested  in  the  accounts 
incidentally  given  as  to  the  vegetation,  especially  of 
New  Zealand.  The, author  is  no  botanist,  and  he 
indulges  in  popular  or  rather  vernacular  names,  which 
are  exasperating,  ,is  they  convey  to  the  lover  of  plants 
no  indication  of  what  plants  are  really  meant. 
Enquiries  have  reached  us  as  to  some  of  these,  such 
as  the  Ti,  which  is  none  other  than  Cordyline  (or 
Dracrena)  indivisa,  and  C.  australis,  so  well  known  in 
our  greenhouses.  The  Pohutukawa  trees,  of  which 
so  remarkable  an  illustration  and  description  is  given, 
is  Metrosideros  tomentosa.  A  reference  to  Hooker's 
New  Zealand  Flora  would  have  enabled  the  author  to 
furnish  the  botanical  as  well  as  the  vernacular  names, 
to  the  satisfaction  of  botanical  readers.  If  in  literary 
matters  an  author  were  to  follow  on  the  same  lines 
as  Mr.  Froude  has  done  in  matters  botanical,  what 
would  that  very  censorious  critic  say  ?  We  do  not 
expect  literary  men  to  be  botanists  or  gardeners,  but 
when  they  profess  to  give  information  on  topics 
interesting  to  those  classes  of  the  community  they 
should  take  pains  to  make  it  correct  by  reference  to 
easily  accessible  books,  or  by  availing  themselves  of 
the  services  of  some  specialist. 

Illustrations  of  the  Fodder  Grasses 

OK  the  Plains  of  North-Western  India,— 
This  is  a  series  of  forty  "  Nature-printed  impressions  " 
ol  grasses,  produced  by  Mr.  T.  D.  Bona,  of  Rourkee, 
and  issued  under  the  superintendence  of  Dr.  Duthie. 
The  botanical  analyses  have  of  course  to  be  drawn  in 
the  ordinary  way.  The  illustrations  suffice  to  give  a 
rough  general  impression  of  the  plant,  which  is  sup- 
plemented by  botanical  details  drawn  in  the  ordi- 
nary manner.  The  "habit"  of  the  plant  is  well 
preserved.  The  descriptive  text  will  be  issued 
subsequently. 

Baillon's    "  Histoire   des   Plantes."— 

The  last  part  of  this  useful  publication  contains  an 
account  of  the  order  Arislolochiacere,  with  which  are 
included  Nepenthaceae,  a  collocation  which  will 
surprise  many,  though  they  may  not  be  so  startled  to 
find  Rafflesias  and  Cytinus  under  the  same  lieading, 
Cactaces,  Mesembryanthemacere,  and  Portulacaceoe 
are  also  treated  of  with,  we  fancy,  rather  less  than 
M.  Baillon's  usual  elaboration,  perhaps  from  the 
necessity  of  bringing  the  work  to  an  earlier  conclu- 
sion. 

"Illustrations  of  the  Flora  of  the 

Pacific  Islands."— M.  E.  Drake  del  Castillo 
has  recently  published  the  second  fascicle  of  his 
Illustraliones  containing  twenty  lithographic  plates, 
with  accompanying  descriptions  of  the  plants  of 
the  Pacific  Islands,  Tahiti,  the  Society  Islands,  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  &c.  The  work  will  thus  supple- 
ment the  information  already  collected  by  Seemann, 
IIemslev,  and  others. 

"A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Grow- 
ing AND  Curing  of  Tobacco  in  Ireland  "  (Dub- 
lin :  M.  H,  GILL&  Son).— Our  readers  will  remember 
the  discussion  that  took  place  in  our  columns  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year  on  the  culture  of  Tobacco  In 
these  islands,  and  those  interested  will  find  further 
details  in  the  little  pamphlet  above  cited.  The 
objection  raised,  that  it  is  an  exhausting  crop,  is  met 
by  a  proper  system  of  rotation,  and  by  the  circum- 
stance that  the  plant  does  not  occupy  the  ground  lor 
more  than  four  months.  The  difficulties  of  the 
curing  process  seem  to  us,  however,  more  formidable. 
It  is  doubtful  if  the  Irish  growers  would  give  an 
equal  amount  of  care  as  the  Americans  do.  The 
pamphlet  before  us  contains  a  large  amount  of  very 
useful  information  on  both  culture  and  curing. 

Tobacco  Cultivation  as  a  Field  Crop 

IN  England.  —  Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co. 
desire  us  to  announce  that  their  acreage  crop  of 
Tobacco  (growing  within  10  miles  of  London)  in 
seventeen  kinds,  is  now  ready  for  inspection,  and 
cards  to  view  can  be  obtained  without  charge  from 
them,  with  particulars  of  the  locality  in  which  it  is 
being    grown.      They  are   also    prepared   to   make 


special  appointments  to  accompany  any  one  interested 
in  the  subject  who  may  wish  them  to  do  so, 

Gheni  Horticultural  Society.— At  the 

usual  monthly  meeting  the  following  plants  received 
the  Certificate  of  Merit  :— Polhos  nigricans  and 
Labichia  Malouana,  shown  by  M.  Linden,  of  ihe 
Compagnie  Continentale ;  Begonia  Madame  Louis 
Desmet,  shown  by  M.  Louis  Desmet  ;  Pescatorea 
Lehmanni,  shown  by  MM.  Vervaet  &  Co,  ;  Cien- 
kowskia  Kirki,  shown  by  M.  L.  Van  Houtte ; 
Begonia  Arthur  Malet,  shown  by  M.Godefroy-Lebreuf, 
of  Argenteuil.  Commendations  for  merit  or  novelly 
were  given  to  the  following  plants  :— Millonia  Ivcg- 
nelli  var.,  shown  by  MM.  Boilens  Ficres,  ;  Begonia, 
tuberous,  Le  Flambeau,  shown  by  M.  Arthur  Desmet, 
of  Ledebourg;  Cypripedium  oinanthum,  shown  by 
M.  Van  Geert,  pere ;  Caraguata  Andreana,  shown 
by  MM.  Jacob  Makoy  &  Co. ;  and  Cypripedium 
Roebelini,  shown  by  MM.  Vervaet  &  Co. 

Chinese  Plants, — Messrs.  F.  B.  Forbes 

and  Hemsley  have  published  in  the  Journal  of  llie 
Linnean  Society  the  second  part  of  their  "  Enumera- 
tion of  Chinese  Plants."  The  list  will  be  most  ser- 
viceable, and  will  be  the  more  useful,  as  when  com- 
plete it  will  form  a  separate  volume.  The  present 
part  brings  the  enumeration  down  to  Leguminoste. 
The  introduction  will  doubtless  contain  a  bibliogra- 
phical summary  of  what  has  been  written  on  the 
Flora  of  China. 

"  Namenlose  Rose." — What  is  in  a  name  ? 

Here  is  a  Rose  specifically  distinguished  as  the 
"nameless  Rose."  We  suppose  that  a  I^ose  without 
a  name  at  all  might  smell  as  sweet  as  if  it  were  called 
by  some  other  name  than  Rose. 

New  Terrors  for   Orchid  Growers. — 

Herr  Wahrlich  has  lately  described  in  the  Bota- 
nisclu  Zeitung  (July  16,  23)  various  fungi  affecliDg  the 
roots  of  Orchids.  We  hope  on  a  future  occasion  to  give 
further  particulars  as  to  these  new  pests.  It  would 
be  interesting  if  it  should  prove  that  some  of  the 
forms  of  spot  on  the  leaves  were  connected  with  the 
presence  of  fungus  in  the  roots. 

Alocasia(?)    Lindeni,    Illustration  Horti- 

cole,  t.  603, — A  very  handsome  stove  Aroid  from  the 
South  Sea  Islands,  whence  it  was  introduced  by  M. 
Auguste  Linden  to  the  Compagnie  Continentale 
d'llorticullure.  The  erect  leaf-stalks  are  glabrous, 
ivory-white,  the  cordate-acute  leaf-blades  green,  with 
golden  veins.  We  anticipate  for  this  plant,  of  which 
at  present  we  have  only  seen  a  small  specimen,  a 
distinguished  position  among  ornamental  foliage 
plants. 

Cryptogamic  Society  of  Scotland.— The 

twelfth  annual  conference  will  he  held  in  Aberdeen, 
under  the  presidency  of  Professor  J.  W.  H.  Trail, 
on  September  29  and  30,  and  October  i  next.  Should 
the  season  prove  favourable  there  will  be  a  show  o( 
cryptogamic  plants.  It  is  requested  that  those  who 
have  papers  to  read  will  communicate  with  the 
secretary.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Stevenson,  of  Glamis, 
Forfarshire,  is  the  Honorary  Secretary. 

The    Liverpool    Exhibition.- M.   Joly 

has  published  a  pamphlet  in  which  he  narrates  his  im- 
pressions of  the  Colonial  Eihibilion,  of  the  "  Ship- 
peries  "  at  Liverpool,  and  of  the  hte  Provincial  Show 
in  that  city.  Those  who  feel  rullled  at  the  amusing 
criticisms  of  M.  Max  0'I\ELL  on  England,  will  have 
their  equanimity  restored  by  the  perusal  of  M.  Joly's 
somewhat  caustic  criticisms  of  his  own  country,  and 
will  welcome  what  he  has  to  say  about  ourselves  as 
the  verdict  of  a  highly  competent  critic  of  great  and 
varied  knowledge  of  men  and  things  in  many  coun- 
tries, and  one  moreover  gifted  with  a  fluent  graphic 
style.  What  M.  JOLV  says  of  Mr.  Barron  wdl  be 
cordially  endorsed  as  correct.  There  is  at  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  says  M,  Joly,  an  excellent 
man— one  of  few  words,  but  of  great  energy,  accessible 
to  all,  indispensable  either  as  an  organiser  of  flower 
shows,  or  as  superintendent  at  Chiswick.  Comment- 
ing on  the  boiler  trials,  M.  JOLY  describes  the  measures 
taken  and  the  awards  made,  but  adds,  sljly,  that  all  this 
was  done  without  advancing  the  matter  one  step.  He 
considers  that  his  countrymen  have  nothing  to  learn 
from  us  in  thematterol  boilers  or  pumps.  He  stigmatises 
our  summer-houses  as  heavy  and  tasteless,  our  glass- 
houses as  good  for  cultural  purposes,  but  monotonous 


August  21,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


243 


in  appearance  and  inelegant.  Mere  in  England  the 
substance  goes  for  more  than  the  form —the  reverse 
of  what  happens  in  France.  To  sum  up,  he  says  that 
we  are  admirable  cultivators,  but  deficient  in  the  art 
of  grouping,  and  generallj'  crowd  our  plants  unduly. 
He  comments  on  the  deficiency  of  I'alms,  Cycad?, 
and  Tree  Ferns,  which  figure  so  prominently  in  the 
Belgian  shows,  and  condemns  our  bouquets  and  floral 
decorations  as  too  crowded.  Hardy  fruits  and  vege- 
tables did  not  commend  themselves  to  this  critic, 
who,  however,  has  a  word  of  high  commendation  for 
our  Grapes  and  forced  fruits  generally,  all  of  which 
(as  applying  specially  to  the  Liverpool  show)  we 
must  admit  to  be  on  the  whole  a  correct  judgment. 

CiVMNOGRAMMA  FAKINIFERU.M. — This  sin- 
gular and  elegant  Fern,  figured  in  the  Illustration 
Horticole,  t.  50+,  is  said  to  be  a  seedling  variety  of 
G.  schizophyllum.  Two  seedlings  among  a  whole 
batch  were  observed  to  be  covjred  with  mealy 
pubescence,  and  were  specially  cared  for.  In  time 
they  produced  spores  from  which  the  young  plants 
have  been  raised,  with  the  same  characters.  The  ele- 
gantly cut  foliage,  ducted  over  with  white  meal,  forms 
a  striking  contrast  with  the  shining  brown  leaf-stalks. 
M.  DE  NOBELE  has  analysed  the  mealy  powder,  which 
he  finds  to  be  composed  of  a  substance  allied  to  wax. 
There  appears  to  be  no  special  glandular  structure, 
so  that  the  "ceroxylin"  must  be  exuded  from  the 
whole  epidermal  surface. 

A   Gigantic  Oak.— One  of  the  sights  of 

Paris  at  this  moment  consists  in  the  trunk  of  a 
gigantic  Oak  placed  in  an  iron  boat  especially  con- 
structed for  the  purpose,  and  moored  in  the  Seine 
neat  the  Pont  de  la  Concorde.  According  to  M. 
Ch.  Tiiays,  in  the  Revue  Horticole,  this  trunk  was 
found  accidentally  in  the  bed  of  the  Rhone  at  La 
Balme  as  long  ago  as  1874,  when,  during  a  period 
when  the  water  was  low,  a  branch  was  observed 
sticking  out  above  the  surface.  On  closer  examina- 
tion this  was  found  to  proceed  from  a  huge  trunk 
embedded  in  the  bed  of  the  river.  Not  till  ten  years 
later — 1SS3 — was  the  level  of  the  water  again  suf- 
ficiently lowered  to  enable  the  tree  to  be  exhumed. 
Five  months  were  occupied  in  the  task  of  removing 
it  from  the  bed  of  the  river,  some  10  meters  of  sand 
and  gravel  having  had  to  be  removed  in  order  to 
liberate  it.  Ultimately  on  March  as,  1SS4,  it  was 
brought  to  shore,  when  the  huge  dimensions  of  the 
trunk  were  ascertained  as  follows:— Length,  31  metres 
=  101.7  feet  ;  circumference  at  the  origin  of  the  roots, 
9  metres ;  circumference  at  the  level  of  the  soil, 
6  metres.  The  actual  weight  of  the  tree  is  55,000 
kilogrammes.  The  age  of  the  tree  is  estimated  at 
from  400  to  450  years.  The  boat,  called  the 
Drysphore,  or  Oak  bearer,  is  intended  to  transport 
the  tree  from  river  to  river,  and  we  may  perhaps 
see  it  moored  alongside  Cleopatra's  Needle,  whose 
adventures  in  a  similar  boat  will  be  remembered  by 
our  readers. 

-  Agave  Americana.— A  noble  specimen  in 
flower  of  the  American  Aloe  (Agave  americana)  may 
be  seen  at  the  present  time  in  the  conservatory  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  at  South  Kensington. 
The  stem  is  about  15  feet  in  height,  and  is  crowded 
at  the  top  with  yellowish-green  flowers.  The  speci- 
men in  question  came  from  the  princely  gardens  of 
his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  at  Chaisworth, 
and  proved  a  conspicuous  feature  with  other  Chats- 
worthian  contributions  in  the  garden  way  at  the  last 
Indian  reception  at  the  Colonial  Exhibition. 

Tuberous  Begonias  at  Stanstead  Park 

Nursery. — The  number  of  Begonias  at  this  estab- 
lishment keeps  on  increasing,  larger  breadths  than 
ever  being  planted  with  them.  Both  single-flowered 
and  double  varieties  are  getting  better  able  to  poise 
their  flowers  in  an  erect  fashion.  So  far  they  fill  the 
place  of  "bedders,"  for  being  below  the  eye  they 
look  upwards,  and  display  their  colours  better  than 
drooping  kinds,  Mr.  Laing  is  keen  in  pursuit  of  a 
good  white  of  this  pattern,  but  as  yet  the  desirable 
form  has  eluded  him,  and  so  likewise  has  the  purity 
of  the  colour,  for  the  whites  hitherto  are  on  the  out- 
side of  the  petals  pinkish,  a  blemish  that  detracts 
from  their  usefulness  as  bedding  plants.  The  yellows, 
scarlets,  and  crimsons  are  of  many  shades,  and  are 
very  well  suited  for  outside  uses  or  for  the  adornment 
of  the  greenhouse  in  summer  time.  If  tuberous 
Begonias  were  employed  instead  of  Pelargoniums  and 


the  like  for  some  of  the  uses  these  plants  are  put  to 
in  the  flower  garden  and  conservatory,  there  would  be 
a  lessening  of  labour,  as  well  as  a  gain  in  space  in  the 
houses  during  the  winter  months. 

Lapageria  rosea.— Mr.  McLean,  the  gar- 
dener at  Vinter's  Park,  Maidstone,  sends  us  blooms 
and  foliage  of  this  plant,  grown  in  the  open  air,  which 
in  perfect  development  equal  those  grown  under  the 
protection  of  a  greenhouse.  The  aspect  is  west,  and 
the  wall  to  which  they  are  attached  is  that  of  a 
Cucumber-house.  The  plant  withstood  21°  of  frost 
last  winter — a  fact  to  be  attributed  to  the  warmth 
alTorded  by  the  wall  of  the  forcing-house. 

Inula   glandui.osa.— Notwithstanding   its 

introduction  in  1804  this  noble  species  is  compara- 
tively a  stranger  in  British  gardens.  It  is  a  native  of 
Georgia  and  the  Caucasian  Alps,  and  is  really  a 
prince  among  its  kind.  A  fairly  good  representation 
is  given  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  1907,  but  it 
fails  to  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  living  plant,  at 
all  events  of  a  form  that  has  been  flowering  for  a 
considerable  period  in  the  herbaceous  department  at 
Kew.  The  species  is  to  some  extent  variable,  and  a 
form  has  been  introduced  and  described  under  the 
name  of  I.  grandiflora.  The  distinction  lies  in  the 
leaves  being  serrated  in  the  latter  form  with  gland- 
tipped  serratures,  while  those  of  I.  glandulosa  are 
obsoletely  serrate  and  glandular.  These  characters, 
however,  vary  even  on  the  same  plant  in  different 
seasons.  The  form  at  Kew  has  distinctly  serrated 
leaves,  and  conspicuously  glandular  serratures.  The 
solitary  flower-head  terminating  a  leafy  flower-stem 
measures  quite  6  inches  in  diameter,  and  amply  com- 
pensates for  the  more  numerous  heads  possessed  by 
commoner  but  less  effective  species.  The  whole  head 
is  of  a  bright  yellow  colour,  and  the  numerous 
narrowly  linear  rays  resemble  in  no  mean  degree 
some  of  the  finer  Japanese  Chrysanthemums  of  that 
colour.  Were  its  flowering  period  a  little  earlier, 
when  flowers  are  less  abundant,  it  would  doubtless 
receive  a  fuller  meed  of  praise. 

Cypripedium   arietinum.— This    species, 

heretofore  only  known  in  Canada  and  the  North-east- 
ern United  Stites,  has  lately  been  found  on  the  moun- 
tains of  Yun-nan,  which  may  be  looked  on  as  continu- 
ations of  the  Himalaya  in  South-western  China.  As  at 
present,  the  plant  is  not  known  to  occur  anywhere  else, 
the  fact  is  one  of  great  interest.  M,  Franchet,  to 
whom  the  publication  of  the  fact  is  due,  suggests  as 
an  inference,  that  this  plant  is  one  of  the  last  existing 
evidences  of  the  common  origin  of  the  Himalayan 
flora  and  those  of  the  colder  parts  of  North  America. 
But  if  this  be  so,  asks  M.  Franchet,  is  not  the 
complete  resemblance  between  the  Canadian  and  the 
Chinese  plant,  separated  by  so  vast  a  lapse  of  time 
and  space,  an  argument  in  favour  of  the  fixity  of 
specific  characters  ?  It  is  worth  notice  that  in  this 
plant  the  three  sepals  are  all  distinct,  as  if  it  were  an 
older  type  from  which  the  present  Cypripediums  are 
modified  descendants, 

A  Lunar  Rainbow.  —It  may  interest  some 

of  our  readers  to  learn  that  a  magnificent  lunar 
rainbow  was  seen  in  Staffordshire  on  Monday  night 
last  ;  it  appeared  at  8. 55,  and  lasted  until  about 
9.30.  The  bow  hung  in  the  west,  and  nearly  the 
whole  time  the  arc  was  perfect,  and  the  prismatic 
colours  very  clearly  defined. 

RUBUS  LEUCODERMis.— A  striking  wall  plant 

is  this  white  barked  Bramble.  Just  now  at  Chiswick 
it  is  in  flower  and  is  very  conspicuous,  the  bark 
giving  the  idea  of  its  having  undergone  a  process  of 
whitewashing.  To  all  lovers  of  wall  plants,  the  walls 
at  Chiswick  have  always  some  interest.  The  visitor  is 
arrested  by  some  subject  that  is  captivating  in  its 
beauty — one  that  he  looks  upon  in  all  its  glory  for  the 
first  time  perhaps  ;  to  mention  only  the  Cambridge 
colour  of  the  fine  Ceaoothus  Gloire  de  Versailles,  still 
in  grand  form,  to  which  brief  allusion  was  made  last 
week, 

Preparation   for   Garden   Hose.— Any 

principle  which  will  tend  to  render  canvas  piping, 
garden  netting,  and  such-like  material  more  dur- 
able is  essentially  a  matter  of  importance  to  the 
gardener.  Messrs.  Mekryweather  &  Sons,  a  firm 
well  known  in  London,  some  three  years  since  took 
out  a  patent  for  rendering  the  above  articles  proof 
against  rot,  and  they  ask  us  to  state  that  they  are 


willing  to  advise  any  one  desiring  information  as  to 
its  application.  It  appears  that  the  process  is  similar 
to  Ihit  employed  in  the  dressing  of  leather,  viz., 
"  Oak  bark  tanning. ''  In  a  pamphlet  issued  by  the 
firm  are  given  some  particulars,  from  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  an  extract  :^ 

"  This  liability  of  all  crnv.is  hose  to  deterioration  by 
'  rot '  is  very  well  known  by  all  who  use  it,  but  we  ques- 
tion if  the  cause  is  generally  understood.  In  fact,  the 
nature  of  mould  or  mildew  was  for  a  long  time  very 
obscure,  and  even  the  ablest  scientific  men  were  divided 
in  opinion  upon  the  subject.  Some  supposed  it  to  be  a 
kind  of  chemical  action  or  slow  combination  with  oxygen 
continually  going  on  in  the  material,  while  others  attri- 
buted it  to  the  action  of  extremely  minute  insects.  Now, 
however,  it  is  almost  universally  admitted  to  be  a  vege- 
table growth,  originating  in  invisible  spores  or  cells, 
constantly  floating  in  the  atmosphere,  and  which,  when 
caught  upon  a  soil  congenial  to  their  development,  grow 
into  a  fungus  called  mildew.  These  spores  or  cells  are 
so  infinitesimal  as  to  be  invisible  even  with  the  aid  of 
microscopes  of  the  highest  power  ;  but  Professor 
Tynd.xll,  in  his  recent  investigations  into  floating 
matter  in  the  air,  has  demonstrated  by  numerous  experi- 
ments with  a  powerful  beam  of  light,  that  they  are 
always  present  in  large  numbers  in  the  ordinary  atmo- 
sphere. 

• '  Before,  however,  these  spores  can  actually  develope 
into  fungoid  growths,  they  must  come  into  contact  with 
material  in  which  the  necessary  conditions  are  present, 
just  as  the  germ  of  disease  must  come  into  contact  with  its 
own  nidus  before  the  disease  can  establish  itself  in  the  body 
of  the  animal.  These  conditions  notably  exist  in  damp 
cotton,  linen,  leather,  and  other  organic  substances.  If 
the  conditions  can  be  removed,  the  liabihty  to  damage 
by  mildew  will  be  avoided. 

"  The  object  we  have  had  in  view  for  some  years  is  to 
remedy  this  great  defect  in  canvas  hose,  by  discovering 
some  means  of  rendering  the  material  sterile  to  the 
germs  constantly  deposited  by  the  atmosphere  ;  and  we 
have  at  length  attained  it  by  means  of  a  treatment  which 
formed  the  subject  of  a  patent  application  last  month. 

"  By  this  process  the  hose  is  treated  under  pressure 
with  solutions  of  Oak  bark  and  other  substances  con- 
taining large  quantities  of  tannic  acid  ;  and  the  effect  is 
to  make  the  hose  absolutely  proof  against  rot  or  mildew, 
or  any  damage  from  heating  when  put  away  wet  ;  it  also 
renders  it  more  impervious  to  water,  more  supple,  and 
practically  uninflammable." 

Gardening   Appointments.  —  Mr,  John 

Thorns,  late  Head  Gardener  at  Swift's  Park,  Cran- 
brook,  Kent,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to 
Arthur  Whitaker,  Esq.,  at  West  Gtinstead  Park, 
Horsham,  Sussex. — Mr.  J.  Bryan,  late  of  Alder- 
brook,  Cranley,  has  been  appointed  Gardener,  &c. , 
to  Edward  H.  Palmer,  Esq.,  Collingwood  Lodge, 
Farnborough  Station,  Hants.— Mr.  Henry  Swift, 
late  Foreman  at  Burghley  Gardens,  Stamford,  has 
been  appointed  as  Head  Gardener  to  Chr.  Nichol- 
son, Esq.,  of  Balrath  Burry,  Kells,  Co,  Meath. — Mr. 
W.  Harman,  late  Foreman  at  Possingworth  Gat- 
dens,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  the 
Earl  of  Denbigh,  Newnham  Paddox,  Lutterworth, 
Warwickshire. 


CYPRIPEDIUM    MORGANS. 

Puzzling  as  the  results  of  the  hybridist's  work 
may  be  to  botanists,  at  all  events  he  has  the  excuse 
to  offer  that  by  cross-fertilisation  be  produces  many 
beautiful  flowers  which  could  not  be  obtained  by  any 
other  means.  With  Orchids  especially  we  have 
ample  proof  that  Nature  is  not  slow  to  avail  herself 
of  cross- fertilisation  as  a  means  of  improving  or  re- 
novating a  genus,  but  in  a  wild  st.ite,  as  a  rule,  only 
those  which  grow  near  together  can  cross,  whereas 
in  gardens  the  most  beautiful  products  of  widely  dis- 
tant regions  are  available,  and  hence  the  importance 
and  usefulness  of  the  hybridist's  patient  work.  There 
is  also  another  strong  plea  in  favour  of  home-raised 
varieties,  viz.,  that  in  most  cases  they  are  much 
easier  to  cultivate  than  imported  species.  If  we 
want  proof  of  this  we  have  only  to  tun  over 
in  our  minds  the  numerous  Cypripediums  raised 
at  the  establishment  of  Messrs,  Jas.  Veitch  &  Son  of 
Chelsea,  and  confirming  facts  are  soon  supplied.  C, 
Fairrieanum  is  a  well-known  stubborn  plant,  and  yet 
its  offspring,  C.  vexillarium  and  C,  Arthurianum,  are 
very  free  growing  ;  C.  Schlimii  is  a  plant  which  but 
few  grow  successfully,  yet  C.  Sedeni,  which  was 
raised  out  of  it  as  well  as  the  whole  line  of  grand 
Sedeniform  Cypripediums,  which  resulted,  are  weeds 
to  grow  and  flower  perpetually.  Again,  who  would 
ever  have  imagined  that  a  union  of  C.  Roezlii  and  C, 


244 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


L August  zi,  1886. 


caudatum,  which  latter  is  not  a  good  doer  in  many 
places,  would  result  in  the  giant  C.  grande,  which  is 
noble  in  flower  and  in  growth,  the  habit  being  more 
like  a  Phormium  than  a  Cypripedium, 

C.  Morganae,  also,  the  subject  of  our  illustration  (fig. 
49,  p.  241),  which  was  prepared  from  a  plant  which 
recently  flowered  with  Mr.  Ballantine,  in  Baron  Schro- 
der's collection,  gives  a  fine  example  of  the  beauty  and 
vigour  of  growth  to  be  obtained  by  judicious  unions. 
The  plant  was  raised  by  Messrs.  Jas.  Veitch  &  Son 
a  few  years  ago,  by  crossing  C.  Veitchii  with  C. 
Stonei,  with  what  happy  results  a  glance  at  our 
illustration  will  serve  to  show.  The  broad  petals 
which  much  resemble  those  of  the  rare  C.  Stonei 
platytaenium,  are  white,  slightly  tinged  with  sulphur, 
and  profusely  blotched  with  purplish  brown,  the 
dorsal  sepal  white,  tinged  with  rose  and  veined  with 
red,  lip  white,  tinged  and  veined  with  rose.  The 
foliage  is  broad  and  handsome,  green,  very  slightly 
tesselate,  and  altogether  the  plant  is  a  grand  pro- 
duction. It  was  named  in  honour  of  Mrs.  C.  Morgan, 
of  New  York,  and  requires  to  be  grown  in  the 
warmest  house  with  the  Bornean  species. 


names.  Two  dozen  long  and  uncouth  names  for  one 
fungus  is  nothing  uncommon.  The  families  of  fungi 
sometimes  have  diverting  names,  as  the  Cienkows- 
kiacc^  of  Rostafinski.  Non-professionals  are  apt  to 
smile  when  no  one  is  looking.  When  synonyms 
are  not  given  an  earnest  beginner  is  likely  to  find 
himself  in  a  dense  mental  fog,  if  not  in  a  madhouse. 
Nature  has  been  badly  treated  by  some  botanists, 
especially  by  young  mycologists  with  a  penchant  for 
inventing  new,  long,  meaningless  or  misleading 
Dames.    Worthington  G.  Smiih^  Dunstahls. 


DISEASES    OF    CARNATIONS. 

Helminthosporium  echinulatum,  B. 

During  the  last  few  years  a  destructive  brown 
mould  has  been  very  common  on  Carnations.  In  bad 
cases  whole  collections  have  been  destroyed.  The 
name  of  the  fungus  which  causes  the  mischief  is 
Helminthosporium  echinulatum,  and  its  external 
appearance  is  shown  natural  size  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  accompanying  illustration,  fig.  50,  p.  245. 

The  fungus  was  first  described,  with  a  small  illus- 
tration, by  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  for  March  19,  1870,  since  which  time  the 
attacks  of  the  parasite  have  greatly  increased  both  in 
frequency  and  intensity.  The  superficial  appearance 
of  the  fungus  as  it  grows  on  both  sides  of  the  leaf 
is  very  distinct,  and  may  be  immediately  recog- 
nised by  its  correspondence  with  the  accompanying 
figure. 

The  mycelium  or  spawn  of  the  fungus,  the  threads 
of  which  are  comparatively  very  thick,  creeps  in  a 
radiating  fashion  inside  the  leaf  immediately  below  the 
leaf  epidermis.  From  the  inside  of  the  leaf  the  fruiting 
threads  burst  through  to  the  outside  in  a  series  of 
black  concentric  circles  like  minute  Fairy-rings. 
The  appearance  of  one  series  of  small  black  circles 
within  another,  each  circle  consisting  of  fruiting 
threads,  is  shown  natural  size  on  the  leaf  illustrated 
in  the  upper  part  of  fig.  50. 

When'  a  fragment  of  one  of  the  miniature  Fairy- 
rings  is  removed  with  the  point  of  a  lancet,  and 
examined  under  a  microscope  with  a  power  of  400 
diameters,  the  fungus  is  seen  as  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  illustration.  The  mycelium  is  very  thick  and 
lumpy,  and  the  supporting  stems  of  the  spores 
are  also  very  irregular  in  shape,  and  jointed.  The 
spores  themselves,  which  are  borne  on  the  top  of,  or 
at  the  sides  of  the  fruiting  threads,  are  very  hand- 
some, and  are  either  without  articulations,  or  have 
from  one  to  five  joints  or  septa,  as  illustrated.  The 
spores  are  very  finely  and  beautifully  echinulate  ; 
they  are  slightly  constricted  at  the  joints,  and  each 
spore  is  furnished  with  a  very  minute  but  perfectly 
distinct  footstalk,  as  shown.  When  spores  are 
jointed,  as  in  the  examples  before  us,  each  joint  is 
capable  of  reproducing  the  fungus  on  germination. 

As  the  fungus  vegetates  between  the  two  membranes 
of  the  leaf  it  cannot  be  reached  by  any  sulphuring 
process  without  destroying  the  leaves  ;  the  only  mode 
of  action,  that  can  be  taken  therefore,  against  the 
fungus  is  to  very  carefully  pick  and  destroy  every 
infected  leaf. 

Dr.  Cooke  has  described,  under  the  name  of  Hel- 
mithosporium  variabile,  a  fungus  not  to  be  distin- 
guished from  H.  echinulatum.  H.  echinulatum 
sometimes  leaves  Carnations,  Sweet  Williams,  &c. , 
amongst  the  Caryophyllacese,  and  infests  Ornithoga- 
lum  ;  when  on  Ornithogalum  the  fungus  is  named 
(for  a  change)  Heterosporium  ornithogali.  Three 
years  after  Mr.  Berkeley  had  published  the  plant 
before  us  under  the  name  of  Helminthosporium  echi- 
nulatum, he  republished  it  in  the  Annals  and  Maga- 
zine of  Natural  History,  May,  1873,  under  the  name 
of  H.  exasperatum  1  The  fungus,  therefore,  has  four 
names — two  given  by  the  same  author,  and  two  which 
must  be  regarded  as  synonyms. 
The  worst  part  of  the   study  of  mycology  is  the 


J40ME     -f  OF^I^EgPONDENCE. 


Figs. — I  venture  to  ask  a  question.  The  Vicar  of 
St.  Peter's,  of  this  place,  who  is  a  great  amateur,  has 
two  Fig  plants  in  his  garden,  which  he  thinks  came 
from  seed  dropped  by  birds.  There  is  a  large  Fig 
tree  in  this  garden,  but  it  is  about  20  yards  from  where 
these  young  plants  are.  I  told  him  I  had  read  in  the 
Gardenet's'  Chronicle  some  months  back  that  the  Fig, 
did  not  ripen  seeds  in  this  country,  and  that  in  order 
to  do  so  the  presence  of  the  Caprifig,  which  I 
understood  to  be  the  male  plant,  was  necessary.  The 
leaves  on  the  supposed  seedhng  plants  are  exactly 
similar  to  those  on  the  Fig  existing  in  the  same 
garden.  I  can  hardly  think  the  plants  can  be 
seedlings.  It  is  possible  they  may  have  been 
suckers  which  have  been  pulled  up  and  thrown 
accidentally  where  they  now  are.  A,  P.  [Never, 
within  our  knowledge,  have  seedlings  been  raised 
from  English  Figs.  We  have  never  found  male 
flowers  in  English  Figs,  and  we  do  not  know  of 
any  duly  authenticated  record  of  any  person  having 
found  any  such.  We  have  received  seedling  Figs 
"  supposed  "  to  have  been  raised  from  seed  borne  in 
English  fruit ;  but  our  appeal  for  careful  observation 
and  experiment  to  remove  this  question  from  the 
region  of  doubt  has  apparently  met  with  no  response. 
It  has,  however,  been  asserted  or  stated  generally 
that  Fig  trees  have  been  raised  from  English  grown 
seed,  and  we  are  not  prepared  to  deny  this,  although 
no  properly  authenticated  instance  has  been  brought 
before  us.  As  was  suggested  in  the  abstract  of  Count 
Solm's  essay  in  these  columns  (n.s.,  xix.,  p.  530)  the 
production  of  seedling  Figs  in  the  absence  of  the 
pollen  of  the  Caprifig  may  be  due  to  parthenogenesis, 
or  what  has  been  so  named  by  some  botanists,  while 
others  describe  it  as  something  analogous  to  the 
formation  of  bulblets  in  the  ovary.  Another  possible 
explanation  of  the  circumstance  is  that  individual  Fig 
trees,  like  some  other  dioecious  plants,  may  some- 
times bear  crops  of  male  flowers.  Evidence  bearing 
on  this  subject  was  summarised  in  n.s,,  xx,,  p.  22, 
and  we  have  really  nothing  more  at  present  to  add. 
We  can  only  recommend  it  as  an  interesting  subject 
of  inquiry  for  those  who  have  the  means  of  investi- 
gating the  matter.   Ed.] 

Single  Dahlias  at  the  Botanical  Gardens, 
Chelsea. — It  is  said  that  the  single  Dahlia  is  rapidly 
declining  in  the  popular  estimation.  Having  been 
elevated  into  the  front  rank  of  floral  pets,  it  has 
ceased  to  be  so  fascinating  as  it  formerly  was  ;  and  it 
is  now  suffering  the  usual  fate  of  favourites,  and 
experiencing  that  fickleness  is  a  characteristic  of 
Flora's  as  of  other  courts.  But  the  fail  of  the 
favourite  is  not  so  much  its  own  fault  as  that  of  the 
raisers  of  new  varieties ;  they,  in  their  haste  to 
produce  them  for  an  indulgent  public,  selected  very 
tall  and  coarse-growing  types,  spare  of  bloom,  and 
producing  large  saucer-shaped  flowers  that  had  in 
great  measure  lost  the  charms  of  elegance  and  sim- 
plicity which  marked  the  earliest  flowers  that  gained 
the  notice  of  the  public.  If  the  single  Dahlia  is  to 
remain  a  floral  favourite,  there  must  be  something 
like  a  new  departure  in  the  selection  of  varieties,  and 
the  sooner  the  path  is  entered  upon  the  better.  Ever 
since  the  single  Dahlia  appeared  as  a  candidate  for 
public  favour,  Mr,  Thomas  Moore,  of  the  Chelsea 
Botanic  Gardens,  recognising  the  capacities  orf" 
the  flower  to  suit  the  public  taste,  set  himself  to 
work  to  raise  new  varieties  after  a  type  set  up 
for  his  ideal,  and  he  succeeded  to  a  large  ex- 
tent. He  accepted  the  type  of  D.  gracilis, 
with  its  dwarf  free  growth  and  elegantly  cut 
leaves,  as  furnishing  an  approximate  model  of 
babit,  and  combining  with  this  varieties  intermediate 
between  D.  gracilis  and  the  older  type  of  growth, 
he  has  produced,  and  has  now  in  bloom  in  the  Chelsea 
Gardens,  a  batch  of  varieties  that  seem  to  me  to 
sum  up  the  chief  requirements  in  the  way  of  single 
Dahlias.  They  are  of  dwarf  growth,  generally  averag- 
ing 2  to  2j  feet,  of  free  branching  and  yet  compact 
growth,  and  singularly  floriferous,  with  medium  sized 
flowers  of  good  shape,  and  distinct  colours.  A  few  of 
the  leading  varieties  are  as  follows  : — Edina,  white, 
flushed  with  bright  lilac  ;  Figaro,  a  bright  yellow 
variety  of  the  gracilis  type;  Uriel,  rosy-violet,  very 
fine  in  all  respects  ;   Buffalo,  buff,  tinted  with  red  ; 


Imogene,  lilond-crimson,  very  free,  and  good  habit  ; 
Angelo,  purple-crimson,  with  white  centre,  novel  and 
distinct,  a  little  tall,  about  34  feet  ;  Fido,  deep 
magenta-crimson  ;  gracilis  rubra  nana,  about  18  inches 
in  height  ;  good  colour,  very  free  and  excellent  ; 
Pyro,  bright  crimson-scarlet;  Juno,  pale  lilac-pink; 
Venus,  light  orange- scarlet  ;  Oberon,  shaded  rosy- 
magenta  ;  Sancho,  vivid  crimson,  extra  fine  for  its 
rare  shape  and  rich  colour  ;  Thomas  Moore,  deep 
maroon,  shaded  with  crimson  at  the  base  of  the 
petals,  very  good  ;  and  Phyllis,  brilliant  pale  crim- 
son. R.  D. 

White-flowered  Forms  of  British  Plants. — 
During  the  present  season  I  have  noted  large  patches 
of  the  white-flowered  Ajuga  in  a  woodland  here  ; 
Pedicularis  palustris,  with  pure  white  flowers,  in  a 
mountain  swamp  ;  and  the  Harebell,  Wood  Betony, 
Orchis  latifolia,  and  O.  maculata  of  the  same  colour. 
In  a  high-lying  woodland,  and  over  a  space  of  per- 
haps 20  acres,  a  variegated-leaved  form  of  the  Wood 
Sorrel  almost  carpeted  the  ground,  nearly  every  leaf 
having  at  least  one  of  the  lobes  pure  white,  and  occa- 
sionally one  of  the  others  mottled  or  spotted.  Such 
a  quantity  had  an  appearance  as  pleasing  as  it  was 
uncommon.  A»  D,  IV, 

Pea  Telephone.— This  variety  has  behaved  here 
this  season  in  a  similar  way  to  Mr.  Rust's  sorts 
(p.  215).  Prodigy  and  an  unnamed  variety  of  the 
same  type  are  also  identically  affected  ;  but  in  our 
case  the  injury  is  caused  by  an  attack  of  mildew  just 
before  the  majority  of  the  flowers  opened.  We  have 
had  only  a  very  few  good  pods  on  these  varieties, 
while  (others  of  the  smaller  podded  class,  such  as 
Standard,  Marvel,  Goldfinder,  President  Garfield, 
&c.,  have  done  remarkably  well  :  in  fact,  my  em- 
ployers tell  me  they  never  had  such  good  Peas  in  any 
previous  season.  I  consider,  therefore,  that  Tele- 
phone and  others  with  large  inflated  pods  are  more 
susceptible  of  injury  by  mildew  than  the  compact 
padded  varieties.    IV,  H.  D, 

Peach  Alexander, — Mr.  Ward  at  p.  210,  is  re- 
ported to  say  he  intends  removing  this  Peach  into  an 
early  Peach-house.  I  would  say  don't  !  Both  Alex- 
ander and  Waterloo  don't  appear  to  relish  either 
tropical  climes  or  glass  skies.  At  the  great  Peach 
place,  Ketton  Hall,  they  have  had  fair  trials,  under 
the  best  of  management,  and  both  have  failed  to  bear 
satisfactorily.  Two  large  trees  were  taken  out  of 
glass  houses — one  of  each  kind — planted  on  a  south 
wall,  and  have  borne  very  good  crops  this  season,  I 
quite  agree  with  Mr.  Ward  as  to  the  flavour  of  Alex- 
ander being  perhaps  the  best  of  the  early  section, 
although  I  like  Amsden  Peach,  taking  it  all  round. 
K.  Gilbert. 

The  Sweet  William. — Sometimes  written  of  as 
a  florist's  flower,  but  more  often  referred  to  simply  as 
a  border  flower,  the  Sweet  William  may  well  claim  to 
higher  attraction  than  it  now  obtains.  It  ought  to  be 
difficult  to  find  a  bad  strain  of  these  anywhere  ;  it  is 
probable,  however,  that  inferior  strains  are  yet  too 
plentiful,  hence  myriads  of  those  who  cherish  fancies 
for  old-fashioned  flowers,  have  so  far  had  little  experi- 
ence of  the  great  beauty  now  found  in  Sweet  Williams. 
In  the  old  types  the  blooms  were  small,  lacking  form, 
quality,  and  distinctiveness  of  hues  and  marking  ; 
now  the  flowers  of  the  best  strains  almost  rival  in  size 
and  richness  of  colouring  the  beautiful  annual  Dian- 
thuses,  and  probably  excel  these  even  in  variety  of 
markings  ;  then  not  only  are  the  individual  flowers  so 
fine,  but  the  trusses  are  large  also,  and  if  florists  have 
tastes  for  form,  smooth  edges,  and  defined  markings, 
they  may  find  them  to  their  heart's  content.  It  does 
not  seem  as  if  florists  had  created  for  the  Sweet 
William  any  special  points,  although  what  are  not  in- 
aptly termed  ringed  flowers  seem  to  find  much  favour 
in  some  quarters,  these  too,  being  usually  smooth- 
edged.  Generally,  at  exhibitions,  where  sometimes 
good  Sweet  William  may  still  be  found  the  largest 
and  most  attractive  blooms  gain  the  honours.  Without 
doubt  ringed  flowers  are  very  charming,  but  in  lack- 
ing variety  seem  to  lose  one  of  the  chief  charms  found 
in  this  fine  old  border  flower.  The  most 
attractive  forms  now  are  found  in  the  flaked 
and  malted  flowers,  and  these  are  indeed,  both 
varied  and  beautiful,  and  indeed  indescribable. 
Very  striking  also  are  the  dark  self  hues,  especially 
crimsons,  scarlets,  and  purples,  and  these  not  the 
poor  small  things  with  which  many  are  conversant, 
but  huge  flowers  fully  I  inch  across  and  of  fine  form. 
There  are  sometimes  found  very  good  whites  or 
shaded  hues,  but  these  are  less  common,  and  amidst 
so  much  rich  colour  are  hard  to  preserve.  A  really 
pure  white  Sweet  William  is  a  good  thing  if  the 
blooms  be  as  correspondingly  large  as  are  those  of 
the  dark  hued  ones.  Not  so  long  since  there  were 
special  strains,  such  as  Hunt's,  those  displaying 
chiefly  the  smooth-edged  ringed  flowers  ;  Auricula- 
eyed,  having  white  eyes  with  rich  coloured  grounds 
and  serrated  edges  ;  and  Barlow's,  a  good  general 
strain.     Now  we  may  find  all  the  best  of  these  forms 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


245 


through  care  and  attention  rolled  into  one,  and  any 
good  strain  of  to-day  should  possess  all  kinds  and 
forms  in  hue  and  marking  finely  developed.  General 
evenness  in  habit  is  also  desirable,  but  less  easy  to 
obtain.  Some  plants  will  break  more  freely  and 
produce  many  stems  or  trusses  of  bloom,  and  of 
course  do  not  get  sn  tall.  Others  produce  fewer  stems 
and  taller  ones.  Very  much  may,  however,  depend 
upon  the  time  of  sowing,  and  those  who  would  have 
good  plants  for  next  year  should  have  their  seedlings 
almost  ready  to  plant  out  now.  Really  seed  should 
be  sown  out-of-doors  in  April  if  strong  plants  that 
will  carry  from  six  to  twelve  heads  of  bloom  are  to 
be  secured  the  following  year.  If  sown  later  fewer 
stems  will  result.  When  planted  up  in  beds  and  in 
rows  a  foot  apart  the  etTect  is  good  indeed,  if  all  the 
plants  stand  well,  as  they  should,  for  they  are  very 
hardy,  A  really  good  even  mass  of  mixed  Sweet 
Williams  is  something  to  be  proud  of.  A..  D. 

Crinum  Powelll. — My  clump  of  this  handsome 
hardy  border  plant,  with  eight  spikes  of  its  large 
bright  rose-coloured  flowers  on  flower-stalks  4  feet 
high,  is  now  very  beautiful,  if  only  I  could  find  some 
means  of  preventing  the  voracious  and  night-crawling 
slug  or  snail  from  eating  the  petals  of  the  young 
flowers  just  as  they  are  about  to  open.  W,  E.  Gum- 
bleton. 

Xanthoceras  sorbifolia.— Referring  to  this  plant 
I  may  mention  that  the  fruits  attain  a  larger  size  than 
those  figured  at  p.  205.  The  late  Dr.  Hance  told 
me  when  I  was  at  Wharapoa  in  1S74  that  the  fruit 
was  sold  as  an  edible  fruit  in  the  markets  of  Northern 
China.  The  racemes  of  flowers  are  erect,  but  the 
fruit  hangs  from  its  weight.  The  flowers  are  white 
with  a  yellowish  eye,  which  turns  to  a  lovely  pink. 
The  figure  you  gave  in  the  Gardeners*  Chronicle^ 
August  14,  is  perfectly  correct,  as  also  that  in  Van 
Houtte's  Flore  des  Serres.  The  shrub  is  hardy  in 
Belgium,  but  its  weak  point  is  at  the  collar.  My 
plant  has  been  twice  killed  to  the  ground  through 
decay  there.  It  may  be  easily  propagated  by  root 
cuttings.  J.   Van  K,  Brussels, 

The  Boiler  Competition  at  Liverpool. — In 
your  publication  of  the  7th  iost.  a  letter  appeals 
signed  "J.  B.,  Jun."  (and  which  has  only  just  come 
under  my  notice)  on  the  above-named  contest.  I 
thank  him  for  his  compliment  to  my  boiler,  and  as 
his  letter  purposes  to  be  a  reply  to  a  communication 
of  mine,  previously  inserted  in  your  journal,  I  ask 
the  favour  of  commenting  on  "J.  B.,  Jun.'s  "  remarks, 
who  seems  to  be  of  opinion  that  rules  may  be  evaded, 
as  Rules  Nos.  5  and  6  were,  and  not  adhered  to  by 
my  competitors.  I  admit  the  contest  was  between 
the  boilers,  but  on  equal  footing  as  to  rules.  It  was 
to  discover  which  boiler  could  obtain  the  greatest 
heat  in  cases  of  emergency.  I  take  it  a  little  extra 
fuel  should  be  of  no  consequence  to  produce  imme- 
diate or  prompt  heat  during  severe  frost,  and  the  fire 
kept  up  to  maintain  the  same.  Is  it  feasible  to  make 
readers  interested  in  the  question  believe  that  a  boiler 
with  4^  inch  rise  (as  mine  only  had)  is  not  at  a  dis- 
advantage in  the  contest  with  one  of  iij  inch  rise 
and  the  same  length  of  pipe  ?  Mine  also  was  the 
smallest  boiler,  and  yet  attained  the  greatest  beat. 
Had  I  had  the  same  rise  as  my  competitors  I  could 
have  obtained  a  far  greater  heat.  Every  competitor 
was  supplied  with  rules  a  considerable  time  previous 
to  the  contest,  and  each  should  have  complied  with 
them,  as  I  did,  or  have  been  disqualified.  In  refer- 
ence to  water-bars,  which  *'J.  B."  alludes  to,  I 
maintain  they  should  in  all  cases  be  connected  with 
the  boilers,  and  have  only  one  flow,  the  same  as  I 
had,  as  specified  in  the  rules.  Another  point  he 
alludes  to  is  the  levels  which  he  credits  me  with  being 
highest  in  temperature.  I  consider  this  no  compli- 
ment, as  I  won  the  points  fairly,  although  I  burnt 
about  I  bushel  of  coke  extra,  and  had  the  best  fire 
after  tweve  hours*  banking,  and  it  would  have  lasted 
seventeen  hours'  altogether,  and  had  no  recourse  to 
improper  means.  I  have  no  doubt  it  would  be  inter- 
esting to  the  interested  if  all  that  transpired  at  the 
contest  was  reported  as  it  came  under  the  judges' 
notice.  I  would  suggest  at  any  other  boiler  contest, 
that  if  valves  are  inserted  they  ought  to  be  locked  or 
sealed,  and  no  competitor  should  have  control  of 
them,  and  that  all  fuel  not  supplied  by  the  judges* 
during  the  contest  should  be  removed  or  not  come- 
atable.  As  the  rules  laid  down  were  allowed  to  be 
infringed  on,  notwithstanding  that  I  strictly  adhered 
to  them,  I  leave  those  interested  to  judge  if  I  have  had 
justice  done  me,  and  to  find  a  reason  why  the  rules 
were  allowed  to  be  broken,  T.  Wood.  Rudgeway 
House,  Easivilie,  Bristol. 

Lilium  formosanum. — I  have  sent  a  spike  of  the 
beautiful  Lilium  formosanum,  which  succeeds  well 
here  in  the  open  border,  being  perfectly  hardy — in 
fact,  much  more  so  than  the  common  longiflorum, 
from  which  it  diflfers  in  several  respects,  the  stems 
being  purplish-brown,  extending  along  the  three 
outer   segments  of    the   perianth,    which   are  not  so 


widely  revolute  as  in  any  other  variety  of  longiflorum. 
Its  fragrance,  too,  is  different,  reminding  one'more 
of  Lilium  odorura,';  which  it  resembles  more  than 
any  other  Lily ;  and  I  think  that  when  belter 
known  it  will  become  a  great  favourite.  It  was  intro- 
duced by  Mr.  Maries  from  the  island  of  Formosa, 
and  flowered  in  the  nursery  of  Messrs.  Veitch  in  the 
autumn  of  18S0,  and  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  Taylor  Skiers. 
[The  flowers  sent  resembled  L.  longiflorum  var. 
Takesima.    Ed.] 

Carnation  Lady  Agnes.  — I  enclose  a  few  blooms 
as  cut  off  my  seedling,  Lady  Agnes,  which  is  a 
favourite  here  ;  being  o^  a  salmon-pink  it  is  very 
telling,  and  is  a  profuse  bloomer,  averaging  over  250 
blooms  and  buds  on  each  plant.  It  is  one  of  the 
earliest  to  open,  and  continues  until  the  frost  cuts  the 
buds,  and  withstands  the  sun  and  rain  without  the 
colour  running.  It  has  proved  itself  a  hardy  sort.  I 
have  two  borders,  each  34  yards  long,  of  mixed 
varieties,  including  the  old  Clove,  which  have  suc- 
cumbed to  the  severeness  of  the  past  winter,  but  this 
variety  survived  the  cold  and  wet.  A.  Evans. 
[Apparently  a  useful  sort  for  cutting,  but  apt  to  burst 
its  calyx.  Ed.] 


Double  Flowers  (p.  208).— We  have  this  season 
a  plant  of  the  wild  Poppy,  Papaver  rh^as,  which 
came  up  by  chance  in  the  herbaceous  border,  and  has 
produced  flowers,  beautifully  double.  This  seems  likely 
to  be  a  valuable  plant  for  cutting  from  and  also  for 
garden  decoration,  if  prejudice  is  not  too  much  against 
it  in  a  garden.  Has  a  double  variety  of  this  plant 
ever  been  noticed  before  by  any  one  ?  [plenty], 
iV.  H.  Divers,  Ketton  Hall. 

"  Our  Native  Flora."— The  subject  of  the  preser- 
vation of  our  native  flora  was  ably  dealt  with  by  Mr. 
Shirley  Hibberd,  who  recently  read  an  mteresiing 
paper  before  the  Horticultural  Club,  in  Lnndon.  Evi- 
dence was  given  to  show  that  many  of  our  British  Ferns 
had  already  become  extinct  in  certain  districts,  and 
some  flowers  were  now  scarcely  to  be  met  with.  This 
is  greatly  to  be  deplored,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Club, 
now  that  the  season  for  botanical  rambles  and  village 
flower  shows  is  at  hand  (or  rather,  the  authorities  are 
making  their  arrangements),  will  you  allow  me  to 
bring  the  matter  forward  and  urge  that  the  directors 
of  these  rambles  to  discourage  the  ruthless  rooting  up 
of  specimens,  and  to  take  care  ihat  species  are 
not  entirely  destroyed  by  every  specimen  being  taken. 


These  spoils  of  the  woods  and  fields,  thus  dragged  from 
their  native  soil  in  ninety  out  of  one  hundred  cases 
fail  to  grow,  and  many  of  the  nosegays  gathered  get  no 
further  care  on  their  owners  reaching  home,  and  may 
generally  be  found  in  the  dust-bin  next  morning.  For 
all  practical  purposes,  foliage  and  flower  are  enough  (or 
study  and  comparison.  The  case  of  Fern  hunters  was 
specially  mentioned  ;  some  millions  must  annually  be 
destroyed  by  the  itinerant  hawkers  of  these  beautiful 
plants,  and  their  ravages  soon  take  effect  as  they  are 
but  slowly  reproduced,  and  when  made  up  for  sale 
with  moss  and  cones,  are  destined  soon  to  become 
unsatisfactory.  If  any  of  your  botanical  readers 
chance  to  find  a  rare  species,  let  him  or  her  have  the 
glory  ofshowing  the  same  as  a  cut  specimen  to  his  friends, 
but  the  habitat  should  remain  a  dead  secret,  or  extinction 
must  inevitably  loUow.  The  system  of  giving  prizes 
for  wild  flowers  at  exhibitions  is  to  be  commended, 
as  the  love  of  flowers  cannot  be  too  much  extended — 
but,  alas  !  frequently  the  "  po'.ies  "  put  up  by  school 
children  arc  mere  bunches  of  blossom  destitute  of 
tasteful  arrangement,  and  by  no  means  things  of 
beauty.  To  foster  enquiry  and  research,  prizes  should 
be  offered  for  a  stated  number  of  varieties,  say  twenty- 
four  or  thirty-six,  and  a  similar  c'ass  for  grasses, 
limited  to  three  pieces  of  each  ;  probably  some 
amateur  would  gladly  name  them,  and  thus  lead  the 
way  to  study.  The  committee  should  provide  small 
bottles  or  vases  for  the  purpose,  as  set  stands  are 
costly  ;  and  in  lieu  of  money  prizes  (which  to  many 
juveniles  mean  sweets  ad  lib.)  suitable  elementary 
book  on  wild  flowers  might  be  given.  While  on  this 
subject  may  I  also  put  in  a  plea  for  the  moths  and 
butterflies?  As  an  old  collector  it  was  my  custom 
never  to  kill  any  rubbed  or  damaged  specimens,  as 
they  could  be  left  for  the  perpetuation  of  their  species, 
and  never  to  take  more  than  a  few  of  any  kind,  more 
especially  the  rarer  ones.  It  is  well  known  that  the 
avidity  of  trade  collectors  has  caused  certain  insects 
to  become  all  but  extinct,  and  my  object  in  writing 
these  few  lines  is  to  aid  in  the  preservation  of  these 
interesting  and  lovely  objects  for  the  benefit  of  pos- 
terity. The  growth  of  towns,  and  the  great  increase 
of  cultivated  land,  meaning  less  woods  and  fewer 
open  spaces  (where  sheep  feed  both  flowers  and 
insects  suffer  extinction),  have  left  Nature  a  smaller 
field  for  her  operations.  Let  us  then  do  our  best  to 
preserve  those  treasures  bequeathed  to  us,  and  in- 
struct our  chiMren  lo  do  the  same.  A  Lover  of 
Nature,  in  **  Kent  County  Standard," 

Cycas  revoluta.  —  One  would  hardly  call  the 
Cycas  a  hardy  plant,  yet  a  case  which  came  under 
my  notice,  at  Betteshanger  Park,  Kent,  the  seat  of 
Lord  Northbourne,  of  one  having  safely  withstood 
the  rigours  of  the  past  winter  is  worthy  of  mention. 
The  plant  in  question  is  a  fine  specimen.  Originally 
growing  in  the  stove  it  flowered  in  1880,  the  in- 
florescence resembling  a  tutt  of  woolly  pinnate  leaves 
curving  inwards,  borne  in  the  centre  of  the  crown. 
The  following  year  it  threw  up  forty  new  leaves  and 
flowered  again  in  1SS2,  and  was  photographed. 
Ultimately,  becoming  too  large  for  the  stove,  it  was 
transferred  to  a  large  conservatory,  remaining  there 
until  the  summer  of  1885,  when  it  was  taken  outside, 
and  there  left  to  take  its  chance  during  the  past 
winter.  Last  June,  the  nid  leaves  being  somewhat 
browned,  they  were  cut  off  and  the  plant  taken  back 
into  heat  to  ascertain  if  life  still  existed.  At  the 
present  time,  judging  from  the  vigorous  growth 
shooting  up,  the  plant  is  apparently  little  the  worse 
for  the  somewhat  unnatural  treatment  to  which  it  has 
been  subjected.   A.  Herrington,  R.H.S.^  Chiswick. 

Mice  V.  Elder. — Not  unfrequently  one  reads  of 
sad  destruction  amongst  young  trees,  and,  indeed,  old 
ones  too,  by  some  vermin  or  other  nibbling  the  bark 
from  around  the  stems  and  branches.  This  has 
usually  been  attributed  to  rats,  squirrels,  and  mice, 
rarely  the  latter,  when  the  gnawing  is  done  at  a 
height  greater  than  that  to  which  hares  and  rabbits 
can  reach.  I  have  always  been  somewhat  sceptical  of 
such  condemnations,  but  as  *' seeing  is  believing  "  I 
am  once  and  for  all  convinced  of  the  accuracy  of  the 
statements,  for  twice  during  the  past  fortnight  have  I 
seen  the  common  field  mouse  feeding  on  the  leaves 
and  young  succulent  twigs  of  the  Elder  at  a  height  of 
fully  a  dozen  feet  from  the  ground.  A,  D.  iV. 

Sweet  Brier  Hedge  {Gardeners'  Chronicle,  June 
26). — Since  my  last  note  on  the  culture  of  the  Sweet 
Brier,  I  have  received  from  a  gentleman  a  wholly  dif- 
ferent account  of  the  best  way  to  grow  it.  Mr.  Frederick 
Clowes  of  Windermere,  my  correspondent,  having 
kindly  given  me  leave  to  publish  his  suggestions,  I 
have  now  much  pleasure  in  submitting  them  to  your 
readers.  Mr.  Clowes  writes  : — "  I  have  only  culti- 
vated Sweet  Brier  a  short  time  myself,  but  I  learned 
how  to  do  it  from  Mr.  Swinburne,  who  lived  here, 
the  father  of  the  present  Sir  John  Swinburne,  of 
Capheaton.  Mr.  Swinburne  was  long  successful 
with  his  hedges  of  Box  as  well  as  of  Sweet  Brier, 
which  were  well  known  at  the  time.  His  plan — 
and   the  right  plan — is   to   follow   the   natural  habit 


246 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  i8 


of  the  plant  where  it  flourishes.  Instead  of 
pruning — which  should  never  be  done — bend  down 
nearly  to  the  ground  all  the  long  one-year's 
shoots  from  time  to  time,  securing  them  by  hooked 
sticks  or  tying  them  to  other  shoots  as  may  be 
most  convenient.  These  will  send  up  other  shoots, 
and  so  you  get  a  thick  hedge.  If  this  is  done  from 
the  beginning,  it  is  all  that  is  required.  Of  course 
there  is  in  time  a  lot  of  dead  and  some  little  living 
wood  which,  with  a  little  common  sense,  may  easily 
be  removed.  Mr.  Swinburne,  who  has  been  dead 
many  years,  practised  this  plan  for  some  twenty 
years  in  two  diff^frent  residences.  The  hedge  should 
be  well  exposed  to  the  sun  ;  but  the  frequent  bringing 
down  of  the  long  shoots  is  the  only  matter  of  im- 
portance." I  thought  that  a  photograph  of  Mr. 
Clowes*  hedge  would  supply  material  for  an  interesting 
illustration  for  these  pages  ;  but  my  correspondent 
informs  me  that  his  hedge  is  not  in  a  good  situilion 
either  for  growth  or  photography.  It  would  (he 
writes)  scarcely  show  any  character,  because  it  has 
not  been  long  enough  established,  and,  moreover,  has 
been  neglected.  ]]'.  //.  Scwell,  Yaxley  Vicarage, 
Suffolk. 

Sulphide  of  Potassium. — This  remedy  for  mil- 
dew (first  recommended  in  the  Gardencri'  Chronicle) 
has  now  been  extensively  used  by  a  large  number  of 
our  leading  gardeners,  and  as  I  have  been  mainly 
instrumental  in  getting  its  merits  tested  by  some  of 
cur  best  men,  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  report  that  the 
anticipations  of  the  discoverer  of  its  value  as  a  remedy 
for  mildew  have  been  fully  realised.  As  it  is  a 
remedy  at  once  cheap  and  effectual,  I  am  anxious  to 
make  its  merits  as  widely  known  as  possible  among 
my  fellow  amateurs  and  gardeners  generally.  I  shall 
be  glad  to  receive  a  line  from  all  who  have  tried  the 
sulphide  detailing  their  experience,  with  a  view  to 
publishing  the  results  for  the  benefit  of  the  gardening 
community.  As  mildew  is  very  prevalent  this  season 
I  hope  every  one  who  is  troubled  with  this  pest  will 
test  the  sulphide,  and  report  whether  it  proves  suc- 
cessful or  not.  Edward  IK  Badger,  Afoselev,  near 
Birminghaju, 

A  Remarkable  Lime  Tree. — This  is  to  be  seen  in 
the  grounds  of  the  New  Bath  Hotel  at  Matlock  Bath  ; 
and  It  is  reported  to  be  at  least  300  years  old,  and  the 
local  records  say,  probably  with  much  truth,  that  it  is 
one  of  the  largest  in  the  kingdom.  When,  and 
under  what  circumstances  it  was  originally  planted  is 
not  known.  The  tree  measures  300  feet  in  circum- 
ference ;  the  branches  sweep  down  to  the  ground, 
and  are  propped  up  by  strong  supports  in  all  direc- 
tions, and  the  points  of  the  branches  resting  on  the 
ground  imparts  to  it  a  very  unique  appearance.  Mr. 
Thomas  Tyack,  the  proprietor  of  the  New  Bath 
Hotel  is  very  proud  of  this  arboreal  wonder  ;  and  he 
informed  us  that  he  has  frequently  dined  between  200 
and  300  persons  under  its  branches.  Visitors  to 
Matlock  Bath  should  not  fail  to  inspect  this  really 
wonderful  tree,  which  is  carefully  preserved  by  Mr. 
Tyack,  and  shares  with  the  petrifying  wells,  the 
grand  scenery  of  the  Derwent  Valley,  the  veteran 
carp  in  the  town  pond,  the  trout  fishing  in  the 
Derwent,  the  warm  springs,  iJcc,  the  honour  of  being 
one  of  the  sights  of  this  charming  Derbyshire  place. 
R.  D. 

Bandina  Boxwood.— Mr.  John  R.  Jackson,  of 
Kew,  has  recently  forwarded  a  small  slice  of  this 
wood  cut  from  a  block  now  being  exhibited  at  the 
Fijian  court  of  the  Colonial  Exhibition,  with  a 
request  that  I  would  try  and  report  on  its  character  as 
a  wood  for  wood  engraving  purposes.  The  wood  cuts 
equally  well  with  good  Box,  but  its  colour,  a  very 
dark  brown,  will  always  prevent  its  use.  It  is  im- 
possible to  get  a  white  surface  for  drawing,  and 
owing  to  its  dark  colour  an  engraver  cannot  tell  the 
kind  of  line  he  is  cutting.  Its  extraordinary  weight 
is  also  a  great  delect.  In  closeness  of  grain,  density, 
and  toughness,  it  is  perfect.  English  Yew  is,  how- 
ever, quite  as  good,  or  even  belter  ;  Hawthorn  next. 
Mr.  Jackson  does  not  know  the  tree  which  produces 
"Bandina   Boxwood."   IV,  G.  S. 

The  Double  White  Lily, —I  enclose  you  some 
spikes  of  Lilium  candidum,  and  would  very  much 
like  to  ascertain  the  cause  of  their  becoming  deformed 
in  the  flowers  ;  at  least  90  per  cent,  of  them  have 
come  the  same  as  the  enclosed.  Some  of  the  bulbs 
have  been  planted  two  years,  some  longer,  perhaps  for 
four  or  five  years,  on  the  same  ground  (not  trans- 
planted). I  may  mention  they  have  come  more  or 
less  like  the  enclosed  flowers  since  three  or  four  years. 
Jaii:ts  Shaw,  Gr.,  The  Gardens,  Belladrum.  [The 
specimens  sent  were  those  of  the  so-called  double 
variety  cultivated  in  old-fashioned  gardens  from  time 
immemorial.  No  perfect  flowers  are  produced,  but 
in  their  place  the  flower-stalk  bears  towards  its  upper 
end  a  series  of  white  leaves,  scattered  spirally  at 
short  distances  apart.  As  to  the  cause  of  the  change 
we  are  in  the  dark  ;  we  presume  that  some  check 


occurred  in  a  very  early  stage,  preventing  develop- 
ment of  the  flower  in  the  ordinary  manner,  and 
causing  it  to  produce  these  white  leaves  instead.  If, 
as  we  infer  from  our  correspondent's  letter,  the  bulbs 
originally  produced  flowers  in  the  ordinary  way,  and 
they  or  their  direct  successors  now  become  double, 
the  case  is  very  interesting.  Ed.] 


The  Cyclamen  persicum. — Few  occupants  of 
the  greenhouse  arc  so  popular  as  these,  and  it  follows, 
as  a  matter  of  course,  that  if  plants  become  popular 
they  are  also  carefully  cultivated  by  those  whose 
interest  it  is  to  supply  the  public  with  what  they 
require.  New  and  vastly  improved  forms  are  also 
periodically  added  to  those  we  already  possess,  and 
the  interest  is  thereby  stimulated  and  sustjined.  Those 
who  have  to  keep  up  a  large  supply  of  Cyclamens  for 
winter  flowering  cannot  very  well  do  so  by  purchasing 
plants,  at  least,  not  at  a  reasonable  price.  The  best 
Cyclamen  seeds  are  rather  expensive,  but  it  would 
be  poor  policy  to  save  a  few  shillings  by  purchasing 
seeds  of  inferior  quality,  when  the  results  of  twelve 
months'  labour  would  be  a  poor  strain  of  flowers, 
taking  the  same  house-room  and  as  much  valuible 
labour  expended  on  their  culture  as  the  best.  One 
of  the  first  questions  asked  by  the  cultivator  is.  What 
is  the  best  time  to  sow  the  seeds?  The  best  time  is 
when  the  seeds  can  be  sown  to  produce  flowering 
plants  that  will  be  of  the  least  trouble  and  expense  to 
grow  to  a  flowering  size.  Now  of  all  cultivators  of 
plants,  on  strictly  business  principles,  the  growers 
for  Covent  Garden  Market  are  the  most  likely  to  be 
right  in  this  important  matter  of  economy.  They 
must  do  two  things.  The  first,  and  most  impoilant, 
is  to  grow  the  plants  well  ;  the  next  is  to  grow 
them  cheaply.  One  of  the  best  cultivators  for 
market,  told  me  he  sowed  his  seeds  about  the  fir4 
week  in  July  in  pots  or  pans,  and  placed  them  in  a 
cold  frame.  At  that  date,  a  cold  frame  would,  wi  h 
a  little  management,  be  kept  at  a  temperature  of  (Jo° 
to  65°  at  night,  with  10°  higher  by  day.  The  seeds 
would  vegetate  towards  the  end  of  July,  and  could  be 
potted  off  singly  into  thumb-pots  in  Augu^.  They 
make  good  progress  in  the  cold  frame  until  the  middle 
or  end  of  September,  when  they  are  placed  in  a  mode- 
rately warm  house  on  a  shelf  near  the  glass ;  from  50" 
to  55°  would  be  a  good  night  temperature  at  that 
time  but  in  winter  45°  to  50°  is  quite  high  enough. 
The  plants  are  polled  on  as  they  require  it,  but  taking 
care  not  to  over-pol  them  as  they  will  flower  in  5  and 
Cinch  pots.  About  the  end  of  May  the  plants  are 
again  removed  into  cold  frames,  and  by-and-bye,  as 
the  summer  advances,  they  are  treated  to  the  lights 
being  removed  at  night,  but  placed  over  them  by  day 
with  plenty  of  ventilation.  A  light  shading  is  thrown 
over  the  glass  to  protect  them  from  direct  sunshine  ; 
exposure  to  the  full  sun  at  midsummer,  would  check 
their  growth,  which  must  be  continuous  up  to  the 
time  the  plants  are  in  full  bloom.  They  are 
required  in  the  winter  season,  and  fine  healthy 
specimens  with  from  fifty  to  sixty  flowers  all 
open  at  once,  are  very  valuable  in  the 
market,  especially  a  good  strain  of  white  varie- 
ties.^ When  looking  over  Messrs.  Sutton's  col- 
lection of  plants  in  their  experimental  nursery  at 
Reading  recently.  I  saw  a  house  full  of  large  well 
grown  specimens  ripening  their  seeds,  and  as  the 
plants  were  so  fine  I  naturally  inquired  how  they  had 
been  grown.  The  seeds,  I  was  told,  were  sown  in 
November,  and  by  the  next  November  the  plants  had 
produced  each  ol  them  150  to  200  flowers.  Tftey 
had_  been  grown  in  a  hothouse  temperature  except 
during  the  summer  months— not  a  very  high  tempe- 
rature, as  that  would  draw  up  the  leaves  and  flower- 
stems  weakly.  The  object  of  growing  these  plants 
was  merely  to  save  seeds  from  them,  and  experience 
had  taught  the  Messrs.  Sutton  that  the  above  was 
the  best  way  to  obtain  the  desired  end.  One  of  the 
best  collections  of  Cyclamens  I  ever  succeeded  in 
raising  were  from  seeds  sown  in  January  in  a  heated 
propagating  house.  The  seeds  vegetated  in  f.om 
two  to  three  weeks  in  a  gentle  bottom-heat,  and  as 
the  plants  became  large  enough  they  were  potted  on 
into  thumb-pots,  and  subsequently  into  4  and  5  inch 
pots  !  but  they  never  were  outside  the  house  which  was 
kept  at  a  moderate  stove  temperature,  and  always 
very  close  to  the  glass.  They  produced  from  twenty 
to  thirty  flowers  on  each  plant  in  November  following, 
and  were  a  beautiful  feature  in  the  greenhouse  all 
the  winter.  The  soil  in  which  they  were  potted 
was  composed  of  three  parts  turfy  loam,  one 
of  peat,  one  of  leaf-mould,  some  small  pieces  of  char- 
coal, and  a  little  sharp  sand.  Cyclamen  flowers  are 
very  useful  in  the  winter  months  for  decorative  pur- 
poses, but  the  stems  must  not  be  cut  or  broken,  as 
the  parts  of  the  stem  that  remain  would  rot,  and 
injure  or  quite  destroy  the  plants.  The  stems  with 
the  flowers  attached  can  readily  be  pulled  out  by  the 
hand  quite  from  the  base,  and  this  is  the  right  way  to 
gather  them  ;  doubtless  most  people  are  awave  of 
this,  but  some  are  ignorant  of  it.  I  may  add  that  old 
specimen  plants,  if  it  is  intended  to  grow  them  again, 
should  be  placed  in  a  cold  frame  facing  north,  and 
they  should  receive  but  a  moderate  supply  of  water  at 


the  roots.  If  the  nights  are  cold  leave  the  glass  lights 
over  the  plants,  but  on  warm  nights  they  aie  better 
to  be  left  off'  altogether.  Young  plants  intended  to 
be  grown  on  quickly  to  a  large  size  will  do  better  over 
a  hotbed  than  anywhere  else.  The  heat  ought  not  to 
be  violent,  as  that  would  be  injurious;  a  very  mild 
sweet  bottom-heat  would  produce  large  healthy  foli- 
age. Air  ought  to  be  rather  freely  admitted.  J. 
Douglas.  [It  may  be  mentioned  as  showing  the  want 
of  unanimity  amongst  trade  growers  as  to  the  best 
time  to  sow,  that  a  well-known  firm  sows  its  Cycla- 
men seed  in  January  and  February,  not  crediting  the 
fiction  that  the  seed  will  not  keep  till  then.  Ed.] 


THE    SCOTTISH    ARBORICULTURAL. 

The  thirty-third  annual  general  meeting  of  this 
Society  was  held  on  Tuesday,  August  3,  in  the 
committee-room  of  the  International  Exhibition, 
Edinburgh,  Dr.  Cfeghorn,  President,  in  the  chair. 
In  the  minutes  of  the  Council  it  was  recorded  that 
Dr.  Cleghorn  had  intimated  his  intention  of  resigning 
the  office  of  President,  and  that  the  Council  had 
expressed  their  thanks  to  him  for  his  services  to  the 
Society.  Sir  Herbert  Eustace  Maxwell,  M  P.,  had 
been  requested  to  allow  himself  to  be  nominated  as 
President,  and  had  agreed  to  do  so.  Letters  of 
apology  were  intimated  from  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell 
(who,  as  Colonel  of  the  Galloway  Militia,  is  at  present 
with  his  regiment  in  camp),  and  from  Mr.  Robert 
Hutchison,  of  Carlowrie. 

New  Members  and  Office-bearers. 
Seventeen  new  members  were  proposed  and  were 
dulv  admitted.  Sir  Herbert  Euastace  Maxwell,  Bart., 
M.P,,  Monreiih,  was  unanimously  elected  President, 
the  Chairman  observing,  in  proposing  his  name,  that 
Sir  Herbert,  being  on  the  Parliamentary  Committee 
dealing  with  arboricultural  matters,  would  be  of 
valuable  assistance  to  them  in  the  new  Parliament. 

The  Retiring  President's  Address. 

Dr.  Cleghorn  said  the  first  thing  that  occurred  to 
him  was  that  they  should  record  their  thanks  to  the 
Executive  Council  of  the  Exhibition  for  their  kind- 
ness in  granting  them  the  use  of  their  room.  The 
usual  period  of  presidency  to  which  their  kindness 
had  elevated  him  having  expired,  the  Society  had 
elected  to  the  vacant  chair  Sir  Herbert  Eustace  i\Iax- 
well,  Bart.,  M.P.,  a  most  energetic  landed  p.-optietr  r, 
well  known  for  his  love  of  arboriculture,  and  hts 
attainments  in  archeology.  He  had  been  an  active 
member  of  the  Parliamentary  Coaomittee  on  forestry 
two  sessions,  and  would  no  doubt  render  valuable 
servive  when  Parliament  met  again.  They  had  hoped 
that  he  would  that  day  have  favoured  them  with  ihe 
annual  address,  but  as  they  had  been  informed  by  the 
Secretary,  their  new  President  was  unavoidably  absent. 
The  Society  continued  to  maintain  its  important 
position,  and  now  numbered  about  Soo— viz  ,  hono- 
rary members,  iS  ;  life  meuibers,  120  ;  ordinary  mem- 
bers, about  600.  Additions  to  the  library  had  been 
received  from  various  quarters,  and  the  collection  of 
forest  literature  was  now  varied  and  extensive,  including 
niany  valuable  works,  British  and  Continental.  The 
difficulty  of  locating  their  collections  remained.  They 
were  temporarily  stored  at  S'.  Andrew  Square  until 
matters  regarding  the  Forestry  School  were  arranged. 
The  new  part  of  their  Transactions  had  just  been 
publibhed,  and  he  ventured  to  say  that  the  contents 
were  of  special  interest  to  all  of  them.  During  the 
past  year  several  members  had  been  removed  from 
them  by  death.  In  the  newspapers  of  last  Saturday 
was  recorded  the  demise  of  a  very  distinguished  Scot- 
tish forester,  an  original  member,  and  the  first  Pre- 
sident of  this  Society  (1S54  — 157),  Mr.  Janes  Brown, 
LL.D,,  late  of  Craigmill,  Stirling,  who  died  at 
Ontario,  Canada,  He  was  well  known  and  highly 
esteemed  by  many  of  their  older  members,  and  his 
work,  Jlie  I-'oraler,  has  passed  through  several 
editions.  It  still  was  a  standard  work  of  reference. 
One  of  his  sons,  Mr.  J.  E.  Brown,  was  doing  excel- 
lent work  as  Conservalor  of  I'orests,  Adelaide,  and 
was  bringing  out  an  illustrated  forest  flora  of  the 
province  which  was  under  his  care.  O.her  deceased 
members  were  Mr.  John  Ferguson,  late  Deputy. 
Conservator  of  Forests,  Madras  ;  Lord  Wave- 
ney,  and  Mr.  Colquhoun  of  Luss.  The  pre- 
mature dissolution  of  Parliament  having  brought 
the  deliberations  of  the  Select  Committee  ap- 
pointed to  consider  whether,  by  the  establishment 
of  a  forest  school,  or  otherwise,  their  woodlands 
could  be  tendered  more  remunerative,  to  a  sudden 
close— the  report  issued  on  July  10  contained  the 
evidence  of  five  witnesses  (Colonel  Pearson,  Dr. 
Crombie  Brown,  Dr.  Schlich,  Insoector-General  of 
Forests,  Mr.  Julian  Rogers,  Secretary,  Institution  of 
Civil    Engineers,   and    Mr.   Alexander    Mackenzie). 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


247 


The  subject  was  prelly  well  threshed  out,  and  ihe 
witnesses  were  all  agreed  on  the  main  question, 
although  they  differed  as  to  minor  details.  There 
was  but  one  opinion,  that  foresters  should  be  instructed 
as  to  the  theory  of  their  craft.  How  this  might  be 
best  accomplished,  and  where  the  conveniences  in 
Great  Britain  for  establishing  a  Forest  School  capable 
of  imparting  the  special  knowlege  acquired  in  Con- 
tinental schools  existed,  was  slill  open  to  discussion. 
Dr.  Brown  and  himself  (the  Chairman)  spoke  strongly 
in  favour  of  Edinburgh.  Oiher  witnesses  advocated 
the  Agricultural  College,  Cirencester,  Gloucester, 
Uownton,  and  Cooper's  Hill  Engineering  College 
in  Middlesex.  When  the  forest  school,  or  schools, 
might  be  established  was  uncertain  ;  but  that  the 
forest  school  must  come  there  waj  no  doubt. 
In  a  time  of  extraordinary  commercial  depres- 
sion there  have  been  unusual  obstacle^.  In  con- 
clusion, the  Chairman  adverted  to  the  splendid 
collection  of  forest  produce  that  was  to  be  seen  at  the 
Indian  and  Colonial  Exhibition,  and  remarked  that  no 
one  could  visit  the  Exhibition  without  being  im- 
p'essed  with  the  magnitude  and  resources  of  the 
Colonies.  The  Indian  forest  trophy  was  a  splendid 
piece  of  work,  and  included  no  fewer  than  3000 
tp:ciraens  of  Indian  timbers.  He  specially  alluded  to 
the  value  of  the  conferences  which  had  been  held  in 
connection  with  the  Exhibition,  at  which  as  he  indi- 
cated, much  valuable  information  had  been  ex- 
changed between  experts,  which  would,  he  was  con- 
vinced, be  of  the  greatest  importance.  lie  trus:ed 
that  as  many  arboriculturists  as  conveniently  could  do 
so  would  visit  ir, 

Mr.  \V.  M'Corquodale,  in  moving  a  vote  thanks  to 
Dr.  Cleghorn  for  his  address,  took  occasion  to  refer 
to  his  retirement  from  the  presidentship.  D.-.  Cleg- 
horn,  he  said,  had  given  much  valuable  time  and 
hhour  to  the  interests  of  the  Society.  They  all  re- 
gretted his  retirement,  but  they  hoped  he  might  be 
lon^  spared  to  go  in  and  out  among  them. 

The  Chairman  said  his  connection  with  the  Atbori- 
cultural  Society  had  been  a  great  pleasure  to  him. 
He  was  spending  the  later  jears  of  his  life  in  retire- 
ment at  St.  Andrews,  but  he  would  come  over  as 
nfien  as  he  could  to  be  present  at  the  meetings  of  the 
Society. 

Accounts. 

The  Treasurer  reported  that  the  income  and 
expenditure  for  the  year  had  about  squared  each 
ether,  viz  ,  ^245  I'is.  lod.  The  capital  of  the  Society 
amounts  to  Cr-'^  ly.  5 /. 

Mr.  l),mn,  D-ilkeiih,  in  moving  the  approval  of 
the  accounts,  said  he  trusted  that  by  another  year  the 
Society  would  be  in  a  flourishing  financial  slate.  It 
was  doing  a  good  work  in  the  country,  and  it  deserved 
to  be  supported  even  more  than  it  had  been  on 
account  of  its  eclectic  character,  its  memliership 
inc'uding  landed  proprietors,  gentlemen  interested  in 
arboriculture,  foresters,  and  assistants.  He  thought 
thit  on  the  whole  they  had  great  reason  to  congratu- 
late themselves. 

Mr.  D.  F.  Mackenzie,  Moiton  Hall,  seconded  the 
motion,  which  was  unanimously  agreed  to. 

Competitive  Essays. 

On  a  report  by  the  Judges,  the  following  honours 
were  awarded  for  competitive  essays  : — 

The  Rearing  and  Management  of  Hardwood  Planta- 
tions—Bronze Medal,  A,  Macdonald  Grant,  assistant 
forester,  Hopetoun 

2.  Specifications  and  General  Conditions  of  Contract 
for  Works  to  be  Executed  in  the  Erection  of  a  Forester's 
Collage— small  Silver  Medal,  W.  M'Inlosh,  5,  Thistle 
Street.  Commended  :  Alexander  Pitcaithley.  forester, 
Kingussie. 

4.  Plantations  and  Trees  on  the  Estate  of ,  in  the 

county  of  Ross — small   Silver   Medal,    Alexander    Pit- 
caithley. 

5.  Ihe  Native  Trees  and  Shrubs  of  Carnarvonshire — 
small  Sdver  Medal,  A.  D.  Webster,  Penrhyn  Castle, 
North  Wales. 

6.  Hedgerows  and  Field  Timber— Bronze  Medal,  A. 
D.  Webster. 

7.  Hedges:  Useful  and  Ornamental— Bronze  Medal, 
A.  D.  Webster. 

8.  Old  and  Remarkible  Trees  on  the  Estate  of  Pen- 
rhyn, North  Wales  —  small  Silver  Medal,  A.  D. 
Webster. 

9.  The  Present  State  and  Future  Prospects  in  Abori- 
cultiire  in  Hampshire— Gold  Medal,  John  Smith,  sur- 
veyor, Romsey. 

ro.  Economic  Forestry — Gold  Medal,  to  the  writer 
"  Dens  Nobis,"  &c..  Gold  Medal  on  condition  the  essay 
was  finished. 

rr.  Best  size  of  Plants,  and  Method  of  Planting  to 
produce  the  best  Results  in  different  Soils  and  Situations 
—  Bronze  Medal,  J.  L.  Ramage,  Troon. 

ra.  Best  size  of  Plants  and  Method  of  Planting  to  pro- 
duce the  best  Results  in  different  Soils  and  Situations- 
small  Silver  Medal,  David  .\.  Glen,  assistant  forester, 
Gartshore. 

13.  Collection  of  Conifer  Seeds— Silver  Medal,  James 
Birry,  Stevenston,  Devonshire. 

In  submitting  the  report,  Mr.  Dunn  said  the  judges 
were  of  opinion  that  the  essays  were  all  very  credit- 
able to  the  authors,  and  valuable  to  the  Society.     He 


trusted  that  the  foresters,  and  especially  the  young 
foresters,  hiving  now  got  settled  down  after  the 
excitement  of  the  Forestry  Exhibition,  an  increasing 
number  of  them  would  be  found  in  the  ranks  of  the 
competitors.  As  many  of  them  as  possible  ought 
certainly  to  rake  th;  hint  of  the  Chairman  and  visit 
the  Colonial  Exhibition.  Rut  they  need  not  despair 
by  what  they  saw  there,  for  he  believed,  that  so  far 
as  circumstances  would  admit,  Scotsmen  could  grow 
as  good  trees,  and  put  them  to  as  good  use,  as  any 
other  people  in  the  world. 

An  Arboricultural  Journal. 
In  connection  with  the  demise  of  Forestry — the 
magazine  which  was  the  recognised  arboricultural 
organ,  a  discussion,  initiated  by  Mr.  Baxter,  Dalkeith, 
took  place  as  to  whether  or  not  something  should  be 
done  10  remedy  the  mailer.  The  meeting  seemed  to 
consider  that  it  was  a  very  desirable  thing  that 
arboriculturists  should  have  a  special  journal,  and  a 
remit  was  made  to  a  committee  to  consider  the  whole 
matter  and  report  to  a  meeting  of  Council. 

Silver  Fir  for  Railway  Sleepers. 

Mr.  M'Corquodale  said  it  might  be  interesting  to 
the  members  to  know  that  quite  recently  an  examina- 
tion had  been  made  of  some  Silver  Fir  sleepers  which 
had  been  put  into  the  railway  line  at  Luncarly,  near 
Penh,  nine  years  ago.  \\t  was  glad  to  say  that  at 
this  date  they  were  slill  quite  sound,  and  looked  as  if 
they  would  last  another  three  years  at  least.  No 
creosote  or  other  preserving  substance  had  been  u^ed. 
He  believed  Silver  Fir  would  yet  be  acknowledged 
the  best  wood  for  railway  sleepers. 

The  Chairman  added  that  the  usual  life  of  a  Larch 
sleeper  was  eight  years,  and  of  a  Soots  Fir  three  or 
four. 

MlbCELLANEOUS. 

Mr.  Jjhn  Methven,  Edinburgh,  asked  an  expression 
of  t)pinion  from  the  members  as  to  a  proposal  which 
hai  been  mooted  to  establish  a  benefit  society  for 
deciyed  foresters.  He  knew  there  were  gre.nt  difti- 
cuUies  in  the  way  ;  but  if  there  was  any  general  desire 
for  such  a  society  the  matter  might  be  further  looked 
into.  Mr.  Baxter,  Dalkeith,  in  moving  that  no 
action  be  taken  in  the  matter,  remarked  that  as  a 
rule  foresters  were  thrifty,  and  connected  themselves 
with  existing  benefit  societies.  Mr.  Dewar  seconded 
the  motion,  which  was  agreed  to,  Mr.  Methven 
being  at  the  same  time  thanked  for  the  trouble  he 
had  taken  in  the  matter. 

A  number  of  presentations  were  intimated  to  the 
library,  and  in  foimally  reporting  the  housing  of  ihe 
Society's  forestry  specimens  in  the  Museum  of  Science 
and  Art  Mr,  Dann  said  he  understood  that  when  the 
new  wing  of  the  museum  wai  completed,  one  of  the 
features  of  it  would  be  a  forestry  colhction.  .\s  the 
Museum  had  also  got  the  Highland  Society's  speci- 
mens, the  Director  had  also  the  nucleus  of  a  first-rate 
collection. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  pro- 
posed mining,  &■:.,  exhibition  at  Newcastlc-on-Tyne 
next  year,  which  is  to  have  a  section  devoted  to 
woods,  asking  the  Society  to  bring  the  exhibition 
before  the  members.  A  remit  was  made  1 1  the 
Council  on  the  subject,  a  general  feeling  prevailing 
that  the  Society,  as  such,  should  not  incur  any  finan- 
cial liability  in  connection  with  the  exhibition. 

.^  conversation  having  taken  place  in  regard  to  the 
place  of  next  year's  excursion — Upper  Deeside  being 
suggested — the  arrangements  for  the  excursion  to  Bute 
and  Inverary  were  intimated,  afterwhich,  onthe  motion 
of  Mr.  J.  Watt,  Carlisle,  the  Executive  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion were  thanked  for  the  use  of  the  committee-room. 

The  Excursion. 

The  annual  excursion  of  the  members  of  the  Scottish 
Arboricultural  Society  was  commenced  on  Wednes- 
day, August  4,  under  the  most  favourable  circum- 
stances. This  year  it  had  been  arranged  that  a  visit 
should  be  paid  to  the  woodlands  of  the  island  of  Bute 
and  to  the  woods  and  policies  of  Inverary,  permission 
for  this  purposes  having  readily  been  granted  to  the 
Society  by  the  Marquis  of  Bute  and  the  Duke  of 
Argyll.  "The  company,  numbering  over  forty  gentle- 
men, wearing  badges  of  Scotch  Fir,  travelled  f'ora 
Edinburgh  at  9  o'clock  by  train  to  Wemyss  Bay, 
where  they  took  boat  for  Rothesay. 

At  Rothesay  the  party  was  met  by  Mr.  James  Kays 
wood  manager  to  the  Bate  estates,  and  carriages 
being  in  wailing,  theydrove  to  the  "  Queen's  Hotel," 
when  the  Society  was  hospitably  entertained  to  lunch 
by  the  Marquis  of  Bute.  After  visiting  the  ruined 
castle  of  Rothesay,  and  measuring  the  old  Thorn 
tree  near  the  chapel,  the  party  drove  to  Mountstuart 
House,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  the  day  in  in- 
specting the  house,  policies,  and  woods,  and  in 
taking  measurements  of  the  more  remarkable  trees. 
The  grounds  of  Mountstuart  have  long  enjoyed  a 
reputation  for  great  natural  beauty,  but  they  were 
a  good  deal  devastated  by  storms  in  December, 
1SS3,  and  January,  18S4.  On  these  occasions  no 
fewer  than  2000  trees  were  blown  down,  and  damage 
otherwise  done  which  it  will  take  a  lifetime  fully  to 


repair.  The  bulk  of  the  fallen  timber,  however, 
has  now  been  removed,  and  already  the  signs  of  the 
wreck  have  been  greatly  covered  by  a  luxuriant 
crop  of  bracken.  Among  other  trees  which  were 
measured,  the  tape  being  passed  in  all  cases 
round  the  trunk  at  a  height  of  5  feet,  were  a  Douglas 
Fir,  5  feet  3  inches  in  circumference  and  63  feet 
high  ;  a  Menzies  Fir,  39i  feet  high  and  2  feet 
7.',  inches  in  girth  ;  a  Beech,  14  feet  in  girlh,  with  a 
spread  of  branches  of  66  feet ;  a  Cedar  of  Lebanon, 
6  feet  II  inches  in  circumference,  with  a  straight  bole 
up  to  25  feet;  a  Calilornian  Hemlock  Spruce  [?], 
4S  feet  high  and  4  feet  in  girlh  ;  a  Spanish  Chestnut, 
S  feet  5  inches  in  girth  ;  a  Pinus  insignis,  3  feet 
10  inches  in  girth  ;  four  Scolch  Firs,  from  S  feet  to 
S  feet  II  inches  in  girth.  The  trees  seen  were, 
perhaps,  not  so  large  as  have  been  measured  on  other 
occasions,  but  one  feature  about  them  was  the 
luxuriant  way  in  which  they  were  furnished  with 
foliage.  Several  beautiful  avenues  of  Limes  and 
Bieches  were  traversed,  and  in  the  gardens  the  com- 
pany was  very  much  struck  to  see  plants  and  shiubs 
growing  in  the  open  air  which  generally  only  do  so  jn 
such  climates  as  that  of  the  South  of  France  or  Spai-. 
One  feature,  which  gave  great  pleasure,  was  to  view  the 
"  nursery  park,"  which  was  laid  out  from  the  Marquis 
of  Bute's  own  designs  in  1S71,  and  is  in  iis  way  a 
perfect  picture.  The  members  of  the  Society  had  a'so 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  colony  of  kangaroos 
which  are  kept  in  an  enclosed  4  acres  of  wood  ;  and 
the  beaver  wood,  where  the  habits  of  this  wonderful 
"woodcutter"  may  be  studied.  There  are  only  a 
pair  of  beavers  of  a  once  considerable  colony  ;  but  on 
a  burn  running  through  one  of  the  woo  Is  may  he 
seen  an  interesting  series  of  dams  built  by  these  clever 
little  animals,  and  signs  all  round  of  the  manner  in 
which  they  cut  down  the  trees. 

On  Thursday  morning  the  excursion  party  pro- 
ceeded by  the  Lord  of  Ihc  hies  from  Rothesay  to 
Inveraray,  where  they  were  met  by  Mr.  Wyllie, 
Chamberlain  to  the  Dake  of  Argyll.  On  the  way  up 
Lochljne  rain  begin  to  fall,  and  it  was  very  wet  for 
the  rest  of  the  afternoon.  The  party,  however, 
nothing  daunted,  had  a  good  four  hours'  walk  through 
the  Castle  policies,  and  in  the  Duniquaich  woods, 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  John  Stewart,  forester. 
The  whole  district  is  beautifully  wooded,  a  feature  in 
the  landscape  which  adds  greatly  to  its  effectiveness. 
Individually,  as  well  as  in  the  mass,  Ihe  trees  were 
considered  by  the  arboriculturists  well  worthy  of  in- 
spection. The  policies  are  heavily  timbered,  many 
of  the  hard  woods  and  Firs  alike  being  handsome 
trees.  A  striking  character  of  the  trees  on  the  lawn 
was  their  foliage,  which  extended  from  the  topinost 
twig  to  the  very  ground.  Many  of  those  examined 
could  not  have  been  less  than  300  years  old,  and  were 
of  great  height  and  girlh.  Some  of  the  measurements 
obtained  were  considered  worthy  of  special  note. 
An  old  Ash  on  ihe  Caslle  lawn  girthed  15  feet 
2  inches ;  a  Beech  by  the  side  of  the  river  was 
18  feet  6  inches  in  circumference,  and  upwards  of 
100  feet  high  ;  and  a  grand  Plane  at  the  narrowest 
part  of  its  bole  gave  14  feet  5  inches.  So  heavy  Oaks 
and  Spanish  Chestnuts  as  those  examined  ar^  not 
often  seen  in  abundance  on  this  side  of  the  Border. 
Out  of  a  large  number  of  Oaks  around  which  the 
tape  was  passed  one  measured  12  feet  11  inches  in 
circumference,  another  12  feet,  a  third  II  feet 
7  inches  ;  while  of  the  Spanish  Chestnuts  one  was 
17  feet  SI  inches  in  girlh,  a  second,  near  the  farm 
offices,  measured  19  feet  9  inches.  The  stem  of  this 
tree  was  twisted  like  a  rope,  and  not  a  few  of  its 
gnarled  boughs  were  covered  with  the  common  Poly- 
pody. The  soil,  especially  on  the  slopes  of  Duni- 
quaich, seems  particularly  suited  to  the  growth  of 
coniferous  trees,  the  woods  in  that  respect  recalling 
to  mind  some  of  the  best  timber  districts  of  Perth- 
shire. There  is  a  tradition  that  the  Scotch  Firs  on 
Inverary  were  planted  by  AthoU  men,  and  it  can  be 
said  for  them  that  they  do  credit  to  themselves  and 
to  the  estate.  They  are  of  the  true  type  of  Scolch 
Fir,  with  thick  scaly  bark,  and  they  have  grown  to  a 
great  size.  One  of  the  largest  which  was  measured  was 
13  feet  in  girlh  and  116  feet  high,  and  there  were 
many  others  little  inferior  in  bulk.  A  Larch  which 
was  taped  was  10  feet  5  inches  in  girlh  and  136  feet 
high,  the  height  in  all  cases  being  determined  by 
dendrometer  measurement.  A  great  many  magnifi- 
cent Silver  Firs  were  met  with  on  Duniquaich.  One 
of  these  turned  out  to  be  the  tallest  tree  measured. 
Its  height  was  144  feet,  and  its  girth  13  feet  S  inches. 
One  adjoining  was  15  feet  3  inches  in  circumference, 
but  not  quite  so  high.  The  Spruces  in  the  same 
locality  were  growing  splendidly.  One,  which  was 
planted  fifty  years  ago,  is  now  So  feet  in  height,  and 
girths  S  feet  4  inches.  In  the  grounds  are  many  me- 
morable trees  planted  by  royal  and  other  distinguished 
personages.  A  melancholy  interest  attached  to  a 
Douglas  Fir,  the  label  on  which  told  that  it  had  been 
planted  on  September  31,  1S75,  by  Prince  Leopold. 
There  was  a  Silver  Fir  planted  by  the  Queen  in  1S75, 
which  unfortunately  has  this  year  lost  its  leader,  ap- 
parently by  the  depredations  of  squirrels.  Several  of 
the  newer  Conifers  planted  beside  the  old  lime-kiln 
were  found  injured  in  the  same  way,  though  it  were 


248 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  zi    1886. 


hard  to  blame  the  little  nut-crackets  for  all  such 
damage.  It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  Castle 
itself  was  thrown  open  to  the  party,  the  members  of 
which  greatly  enjoyed  the  sight  of  the  beautifully  fur- 
nished apartments  .  The  Loch  Dhu  Beech  avenue 
having  been  examined,  tbe  party  returned  to  Inver- 
aray about  7  o'clock,  dripping  wet ;  but  they  found 
comfortable  quarters  for  the  night  at  the  "  Argyle 
Arms  "  Hotel,  and  kindly  attention  on  the  part  of  the 
proprietor,  Mr.  Clark. 

On  Friday  the  weather  had  improved  from  that  of 
Thursday  ;  but  rain  fell  in  the  forenoon  while  the 
members  were  pursuing  their  inquiries  in  the  midst 
of  this  charmingly-wooded  region.  By  7  o'clock 
most  of  the  party  were  afoot,  and,  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Taylor,  visited  the  Castle  gardens,  which 
were  found  in  e.xcellent  order.  After  breakfast,  they 
lelt  the  "  Argyle  Arms  "  in  conveyances,  and  enjoyed, 
despite  the  wet,  a  three  hours'  drive  through  the 
woods  along  the  northern  shore  of  Loch  Fyne,  which, 
like  those  previously  visited,  were  found  richly  fur- 
nished with  splendid  trees.  Taking  their  way  by  the 
famous  Beech  avenue  which  opens  into  the  town, 
several  trees  were  there  taped.  One  of  the  Beeches 
girthed  18  feet  6  inches,  and  there  were  not  a  few  not 
far  short  of  that  measurement.  The  avenue  has 
suffered  a  good  deal  of  late  by  violent  storms  ;  but  it 
was  noted  with  satisfaction  that  the  gaps  were  nearly 
all  611ed  up  with  the  same  kind  of  trees.  In  the 
Kilbride,  Clonary,  and  Barrayrack  woods  the  com- 
pany had  frequent  occasion  to  admire  the  great  size 
and  quality  of  the  Silver  Firs,  growing  for  the  most 
part  on  the  hillsides  upon  rocky  soil.  One  of  these 
is  quite  a  historical  tree,  having  been  planted  by  the 
present  Duke's  grandfather,  who  commanded  the 
Argyleshire  Highlanders  at  Culloden.  II  is  now  a 
grand  tree,  running  up  45  or  50  feet  as  straight  as  an 
arrow  before  "forking,"  and  girthing  at  5  feet  up  16 
feet  4  inches.  Mr.  Kay's  very  handy  dendrometer 
was  tried  upon  it,  and  gave  it  a  height  of  121  feet. 
Another  great  Silver  (in  the  Barrayrack  wood)  girthed 
16  feet  10  inches,  had  a  height  of  1344  feet,  and  by 
the  usual  calculations  was  estimated  to  contain  750 
feet  of  serviceable  timber.  Among  other  trees  around 
which  the  tape  was  passed  in  the  course  of  the  drive 
was  what  is  known  as  the  "Marriage  Tree  "  (noted 
by  Loudon,  in  his  ArboreUim,  vol.  iv.,  pp.  2593, 
2594).  where  a  curious  ingraft  between  two  great 
limbs  of  a  Beech  has  taken  place.  At  the  narrowest 
part  of  the  bole  the  girth  was  15  feet  4  inches,  and  at 
5  feet  up  it  was  16  feet  2  inches.  A  very  fine 
Sycamore  was  also  measured,  it  being  less  remarkable 
for  its  size  than  for  its  beautiful  head.  Its  girth, 
however,  was  by  no  means  contemptible,  the  measure- 
ment giving  12  feet  8  inches.  A  fine  lot  of  Oaks  and 
Scots  Firs  were  also  met  with  on  the  journey,  which 
included  a  visit  to  an  old  Roman  bridge  on  the 
Douglas  Water  still  in  a  remarkably  good  state  of 
preservation.  In  returning  an  opportunity  was  given 
to  the  party  by  Mr.  Stewart,  the  forester,  to  see  a 
number  of  young  plantations.  By  violent  gales  within 
the  last  few  years  the  Inveraray  woods,  which  extend 
to  about  4000  acres,  suffered  very  severely.  Most  of 
the  blown  timber  has  been  removed,  and  to  supply 
the  gaps  made  a  good  deal  of  Douglas  Fir — which 
seems  to  thrive  here  remarkably  well — has  been 
planted  out.  On  returning  to  Inveraray  the  party 
broke  up— some  of  the  members  going  by  coach  to 
Dalmally.  while  the  larger  portion  of  it  came  on  by 
the  Lord  of  the  Isles  to  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh. 
Scotstfian. 

NATIONAL    CARNATION  and    PICOTEE 
(NORTHERN  DIVISION):  August   14. 

Under  the  most  favourable  circumstances  the 
Northern  growers  of  Carnations  and  Picotees  held 
their  annual  show  in  the  Botanical  Gardens,  Old 
Trafford,  Manchester,  on  the  above  date.  There 
was  a  very  good  exhibition  indeed.  It  was  a  large 
show  (or  the  North,  and  though  occasionally  a  higher 
average  of  quality  in  the  blooms  might  have  been 
seen,  at  the  same  time  not  a  few,  distinguished  by 
high  characteristics  of  quality,  were  seen  on  that 
occasion,  especially  in  the  case  of  those  produced  by 
that  well  known  raiser  and  cultivator,  Mr.  Robert 
Lord,  of  Todmorden.  The  Rev.  F.  D.  Horner,  the 
Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  informed  us  that  the 
Carnation  and  Picotee  had  had  on  the  whole  a 
generous  season  in  the  North,  as  was  shown  by  many 
of  the  Bowers  being  of  full  substance  and  very  bright. 
It  was  also  pleasant  to  note  as  decidedly  satisfactory 
that  6ve  or  six  new  exhibitors  had  competed  for  the  first 
time,  and  that  some  old  ones  who  had  not  previously 
shown  for  a  few  years  past  had  again  put  in  an 
appearance  with  these  flowers.  There  was  a  good 
attendance  of  those  especially  interested  in  the 
flowers.     The  day  was  beautifully  fine. 

Carnations. 

Four  stands  of  twelve  Carnations  competed  in  the 

class,    open   to   all,    and    Mr.    Robert    Lord,     Hole 

Bottom,  Todmorden— whose  absence  from  ill-health 

was  generally  regretted— was  1st,  with  superb  blooms 


of  the  following  :—C.B.,  Master  Fred  (Hewitt),  a 
bloom  of  surpassing  beauty  ;  S.B.,  Mercury  (Hextall)  ; 
C.B.,  John  Harland  (Adams) ;  S.B.,  Admiral  Curzon 
(Easom),  this  fine  old  flower  in  delightful  character ; 
R.F.,  Sybil  (Holmes),  perfect  in  development ;  C.B., 
J.  D.  Hextall  (Simonite) ;  P.F.,  Squire  Meynell 
(Brabbin),  a  flower  that  must  have  been  in  cultivation 
nearly  half  a  century;  P.P.B,  William  Skirving 
(Gorton),  a  fine  flower  raised  from  seed  supplied  by 
Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell;  S.B.,  Edward  Adams  (Dod- 
well)  ;  S.F.,  Sportsman  (Hedderley),  a  brilliant  sport, 
from  Admiral  Curzon,  which  appears  to  have  become 
quite  fixed  in  character;  C.B.,  E.  S.  Dodwell 
(Hewitt) ;  and  R.F.,  Rob  Roy  (Gorton),  in  the  finest 
character.  2d,  Mr.  B.  Simonite,  Rough  Bank, 
Sheffield,  with  his  fine  P.F.,  James  Douglas,  a  flower 
that  ranks  A  i  in  this  division  ;  S.B.,  Tom  Power, 
(Dodwell);  R  F.,  Seedling;  P.P.B.,  Seedling;  C.B  , 
Master  Fred  (Hewitt);  P.F.,  Mayor  of  Nottingham 
(Taylor);  C.B.,  Mrs.  Gorton  (Dodwell);  S.F., 
Sportsman  (Hedderly);  P.P.B,,  Sarah  Payne  (Ward) ; 
C.B,,  Seedling;  R  F..,  Seedling;  S.B.,  Robert 
Lord  (Dodwell).  3d,  Mr.  George  Geggie,  Waterloo 
Nursery,  Bury.  4lh,  Mr.  F.  Laws,  Carnation  Gardens, 
Rochdale. 

Then  came  a  class  for  twelve  Carnations,  nine  at 
least  to  be  dissimilar,  open  to  growers  of  500  pairs  or 
less.  Here  Mr.  John  Whitham,  Bank  View,  Hebden 
Bridge,  was  ist,  with  C.B.,  Master  Fred  (Hewitt), 
two  blooms  ;  S.F.,  Henry  Cannell  (Dodwell)  ;  P.F., 
George  Melville  (Dodwell);  P.P.B.,  Sir  Garnet 
Wolseley  (Hewitt)  ;  P.F.,  James  Douglas  (Simonite) ; 
C.  B.,  Edward  Adams  (Dodwell).  two  blooms;  C.B., 
Thomas  Austiss  (Dodwell);  P.P.B.,  E.  S.  Dodwell 
(Hewitt)  ;  C.B  ,  J.  D.  Hextall  (Simonite);  and  S.B., 
Admiral  Curzon  (Easom).  2d,  R.  Gorton,  Esq., 
President  of  the  Society,  Gildabrook,  Eccles,  Lanca- 
shire, with  P.  F.,  Geo.  Melville  (Dodwell);  P.P.B., 
William  Skirving  (Gorton),  two  blooms  ;  S.  F.,  John 
Ball  (Dodwell);  P.  P.  B.,  Sarah  Payne  (Ward)  ;  C.B., 
Harrison  Weir  (Dodwell),  two  blooms  ;  R.F.,  Sybil 
(Holmes);  P.F.,  Squire  Whitbourn  (Dodwell); 
S  F.,  Robert  Morris  (Dodwell),  and  the  rest  un- 
named. 3d.  Mr.  E.  Shaw,  Moston,  near  Manchester. 
4th,  Mr.  William  Taylor,  Middleton,  Lancashire. 
Eight  collections  competed  in  this  class. 

The  class  for  six  Carnations  was  confined  to  growers 
0(250  pairs  or  less,  and  here  Samuel  Birlow,  Esq., 
J. P.,  Stake  Hill  House,  Castleton,  Manchester,  was 
1st,  with  excellent  blooms  of  S.B.,  Robert  Houlgrave 
(Barlow),  a  fine  bright  full  flower  of  striking  cha- 
racter ;  SF.,  Dan  Godfrey  tUolmes) ;  R.F.,  John 
Keat  (Whitehead)  ;  S,B,.  Admiral  Curzon  (Easom)  ; 
P.F.,  Squire  Meynell  (Brabbin);  and  P.P.B,,  Sir 
Garnet  Wolseley  (Hewitt).  2d.  Mr.  Thomas  Mad- 
dock,  Lofthouse  Hall  Gardens,  Wakefield,  with  SB,, 
Seedling;  R  F.,  Sybil  (Holmes);  C,B.,  J.  D. 
Hextall  (Simonite);  P.P.B.,  Falconbridge  (May); 
S  B.,  Admiral  Curzon  (Easom);  and  S.F.,  Sports- 
man (Hedderly).  3d,  Mr.  J.  Bleackley,  Prestwich, 
Manchester  ;  4lh,  Mr.  S.  Lord,  Healing  H,ill, 
Rochdale  ;  5th,  Mr.  William  Bacon,  Derby ;  6th, 
Mr.  Kitching.     Eight  stands  competed  in  this  class. 

In  the  various  classes  for  single  blooms  a  large 
number  of  flowers  were  staged.  S.B. 's  were 
numerous  and  brilliant.  The  best  was  Admiral 
Curzon  (Easom),  from  Mr.  R.  Lord  ;  and  he  was  2d 
with  Fred  (liewitt)  ;  Mr.  S.  Barlow  was  3d  and  5th, 
with  Robert  Houlgrave  ;  and  Mr.  R.  Lord  4ih,  with 
Master  Stanley  (Dodwell).  C.B.'s  were  very  fine. 
The  winning  blooms  were  massive  and  brilliantly 
coloured,  and  Mr.  R.  Lord  was  Ist,  2d,  3d,  and 
5th,  with  Master  Fred  (Hewitt),  probably  one  of  the 
richest  coloured  CB.'s  in  cultivation  ;  and  Mr.  Geggie 
4ih,  with  the  same.  The  1st  prize  for  P.P.B.'s  was 
won  by  Mr.  R,  Lord,  with  a  fine  bloom  of  Gorton's 
William  Skirving.  Mr.  B.  Simonite  being  2d  with 
Mrs.  Gorton  (Dodwell),  and  3d  with  William 
Skirving;  4th,  Mr.  J.  P.  Sharp,  Wheeler  Street, 
Lozelles,  Birmingham,  with  Sarah  Payne  (Ward)  ; 
5th,  Mr.  R.  Lord,  with  E.  S.  Dodwell  (Hewitt). 

The  best  P.F,  was  James  Douglas  (Simonite), 
extra  fine  ;  Mr.  J.  Whitham  being  2d,  with  the  same  ; 
Mr.  T.  Helliwell.  Todmorden,  was  3 1,  with  Dr. 
Foster  (Foster)  ;  Mr.  R.  Lord  4th,  with  Mayor  of 
Nottingham  (Taylor)  ;  and  Mr.  Geggie  5th,  with 
James  Douglas. 

The  best  S.F.  was  Clipper  (Fletcher),  shown  by 
Mr.  R.  Lord  ;  Mr.  Geggie  being  2d  and  3d,  with 
Annihilator  (Jackson),  and  4th  with  Mr.  Carter  (Dod- 
well) ;  Mr.  R.  Lord  being  5th,  with  Ivanhoe  (Lord). 

All  the  five  prizes  for  R.F.'swent  to  Sybil  (Holmes), 
beautiful  flowers  being  shown,  Mr.  S.  Lord,  with  1st 
and  2d,  Mr.  R.  Lord  3d  and  51h,  and  Mr.  T.  Helli- 
well 4th. 

The  premier  Carnation  was  C.B.,  Hewitt's  Master 
Fred,  shown  by  Mr.  Robert  Lord,  a  grandly  developed 
flower. 

There  was  a  class  for  twelve  self  or  fancy  Carna- 
tions, and  but  two  prizes  were  awarded,  though  three 
stands  competed.  Mr.  R.  Gorton  was  Ist,  with  a 
stand  of  flowers,  all  self  coloured  but  very  fine  in 
quality  ;  Mr.  F.  Law  2d,  having  a  few  fancy 
varieties  mixed  with  selfs,  but  neither  lot  was  named. 


Picotees. 

The  next  class  was  for  twelve  Picotees,  nine  at 
least  to  be  dissimilar  ;  open  to  growers  o(  500  pairs  or 
less,  and  here  Mr.  J.  Witham  was  Ist  out  of  sevrn 
competitors,  with  a  good  stand  consisting  of  H.  P 
Zerlina(Lord);  L.P.,  Clara  Penson  (Willmer) ;  H.  R., 
John  Smith  (Bower);  H,R.,  Lady  Holmesdale  (.Scho- 
fidd)  ;  L,  R.,  Miss  Wood  (Wood);  H.R.,  Edith 
d'Ombrain  (Turner) ;  L,P.,  Ann  Lord  (Lord)  ;  L.R., 
Thomas  William  (Flowdy)  ;  H.P.,  Mr.  A.  Chancellor 
(Turner),  LP.,  Ann  Lord  (Lord),  H.P.,  J.  B.  Bryant 
(Ingram)  ;  H.P.,  Zerlina  (Lord).  2d,  Mr.  E.  Shaw, 
with  good  blooms  of  H  P.,  Muriel  (Hewitt)  ;  H.S., 
Mr.  Rudd  (Rudd) ;  L  R.,  Miss  Wood  (Wood);  H,R., 
John  Smith  (Bower);  li  R  ,  Lord  Valentia  (Kirtland); 
L,P.,  Clara  Penson  (Willmer)  ;  H.P.,  Muriel 
(Hewitt):  L  R,  Daisy  (Dodwell);  H.R,  Miss  Horner 
(Lord),  H  R.,  Mrs.  Dodwell  (Turner)  ;  L  B,,  Thomas 
W.Uiam  (Flowdy);  H.R,,  Elise  (Kirtland).  3d,  R. 
Gorton,  Esq,,;   4th  Mr.  W.  Taylor. 

There  were  ten  competitors  in  the  class  for  six 
Picotees,  confined  to  growers  0(250  pairs  or  less,  and 
here  Mr.  T.  Helliwell  was  Ist  with  H.R,,  Brunette 
(Kirtland);  H.R,,  Mrs.  Lord  (Lord);L,P.,  Clara 
Penson  (Willmer),  H,P,,  Alice  (Lord);  H,R.,  Fanny 
Helen  (Niveo)  ;  and  L  R,,  Miss  Wood  (Wood).  2d, 
Mr.  J.  P,  Sharp,  with  H.P.  Muriel  (Hewitt)  ;  H.R  , 
Mrs.  Sharp  (Sharp)  ;  L.R.,  Thomas  William 
(Flowdy);  H.R,,  Mrs.  Payne  (Fellowes) ;  L,R., 
Seedling;  and  H.P.,  Z?rlina,  3d,  Mr.  J.  Bleackley; 
4'h,  S.  Barlow  ;  5th,  Mr.  J.  Edwards  ;  6th,  Mr.  W. 
Ramshill,  Wakefield. 

In  the  classes  for  Picotees,  single  blooms,  there 
were  a  great  number  of  flowers.  In  the  H.R.  class 
Mr.  R.  Lord  was  Ist,  2d,  and  3d,  with  John  Smith 
(Bower),  and  Mr.  Geggie  4'h  and  5th  with  Henry 
(Matthews)  ;  L,  R.  :  Flowdy's  Thomas  William  won 
all  the  prizes  in  this  class  ;  Mr.  B.  Simonite  was  isi, 
and  Mr.  R.  Lord  2d,  3d,  4th,  and  5ih.  H.P.  :  Mr 
F.  Law  was  1st,  2d,  and  3d,  with  Zerlina  (Lord) ; 
Mr.  Geggie  4'h,  with  Muriel  (Hewitt)  ;  and  Mr.  F. 
Law  5th,  with  Mrs.  Niven  (Niven).  L,P.  :  Mr.  T. 
Helliwell  was  1st,  with  Clara  Penson  (Willmer)  ;  Mr. 
J.  Whitham  2d,  with  the  same  ;  and  Mr.  Shaw  3d, 
with  the  same  ;  Mr.  R.  Gorton  was  4th  and  5th, 
with  Ann  Lord  (Lord).  H.R,  :  Mr.  R.  Lord  was 
1st,  with  Fanny  Helen  (Niven) ;  Mr.  J.  Sharp  2d, 
with  his  Mrs.  Sharp  ;  Mr.  R.  Lord  3d,  with  Lady 
Louise  ;  4th,  with  Mrs.  Sharp  ;  and  5th,  with  Edith 
d'Ombrain.  In  the  class  for  L,  R.  edges,  Favourite 
(Liddington)  was  1st  and  2d,  shown  by  Mr.  R.  Lord  ; 
3d  and  4th,  shown  by  Mr.  B.  Simonite  ;  Mr,  R. 
Lord  being  also  5th  with  Mrs.  Aldcroft. 

The  Premier  Picotee  was  L.  R,,  Favourite  (Lid- 
dington), shown  by  Mr.  R,  Lord  in  his  stand  ol 
twelve  blooms. 

Four  stands  of  twelve  dissimilar  Picotees  competed 
for  the  four  prizes  open  to  all,  and  Mr.  Robert  Lord 
was  1st,  with  very  fine  blooms  of  H.R.,  Master  Nor- 
man (Norman);  L.R.,  Favourite  (Leddington),  per- 
haps the  most  highly  finished  flower  in  the  whole 
show;  H.P.,  Zerlina  (Lord);  L,R,  Thomas  Wil- 
liam (Flowdy) ;  H,S.,  Mrs.  Sharp  (Sharp),  a  beautiful 
new  variety;  H.R.,  Fanny  Helen  (Niven) ;  L.P., 
Mary  (Simonite);  H.R.,  John  Smith  (Bower)- 
H,R,  Mrs.  Payne  (Fellowes);  LP.,  Ann  Lord 
(Lord);  L.R.,  Mrs.  Aldecroft  (Turner);  H.P., 
Muriel  (Hewitt).  2d,  Mr  B.  Simonite,  with  L.R., 
Favourite  (Liddington);  H.R.,  Seedling;  L.R., 
Clara  (Bower);  H.R.,  Lady  Holmesdale  (Schofield), 
ILR.,  Princess  of  Wales  (Fellowes)  ;  L. P.,  Clara 
Penson  (Willmer)  ;  H.S.,  Mrs.  Sharp  (Sharp)  ;  L  R., 
Mrs.  Gorton  (Simonite)  ;  L.P.,  Ann  Lord  (Lord); 
H.R.  Seedling,  L.P.,  Mary  (Simonite) ;  H.P..  Zer- 
lina (Lord) ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  Geggie  ;  4th,  Mr.  F.  Law. 

Certificates. 

First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
S.B.  Carnation,  Robert  Houlgrave  (Barlow),  shown 
by  S.  Barlow,  Esq,  a  very  fine  and  bright  flower, 
regarded  as  an  improvement  upon  Admiral  Curzon  ; 
and  to  H.S. -edged  Picotee,  Mrs.  Sharp  (Sharp), 
shown  by  Mr.  R.  Lord,  a  flower  of  fine  build,  pure 
in  the  ground,  and  heavily  edged  with  bright  scarlet. 
A  similar  award  was  made  to  this  flower  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Oxford  Union  held  at  Mr.  E.  S 
Dodwell's  in  18S5. 

Messrs.  James  Dickson  &  Sons,  the  Upton  Nur- 
series, Chester,  sent  a  large  collection  of  Carnations 
and  Picotees  nicely  set  up  in  bunches,  and  also  of 
various  hardy  perennials,  which  attracted  a  good  deal 
of  notice  from  visitors. 


WESTON-SUPER.MARE  :  August  10. 
This  Society  held  its  annual  show  in  the  Grove 
and  Rectory  Field  on  the  above  date.  Rain  fell 
heavily  in  the  morning,  but  it  ceased  about  9  o'clock, 
and  the  weather  during  the  remainder  of  the  day  was 
every  thing  that  could  be  desired  for  the  holding  of 
such  an  exhibition,  and  the  show  on  the  whole  was 
an  excellent  one.  The  most  noteworthy  plant  in  the 
exhibition,  and  perhaps  the  finest  of  the  kind  ever 
before    s  aged,    was    Ixora    Duffii,    staged    by    Mr. 


August  21,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


249 


Cypher,  of  Cheltenham,  having  thirteen  trusses,  each 
10  inches  in  diameter,  of  bright  orange-scarlet  Bowers 
and  luxuriant  foliage. 

Plants. 

Mr.  Cypher  was  1st  for  twelve  stove  and  green- 
house plants,  showing  a  grand  lot  of  highly-coloured 
Crotons  and  grandly  flowered  Ericas,  &c.  Mr.  Lock, 
gr.  to  W.  B.  Cleave,  Esq.,  Newcombe  House, 
Creditor,  was  a  good  2d,  and  Mr.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Pearce,  The  Firs,  lUssett,  3d— the  latter  showing  a 
superbly  flowered  Statice  profusa  in  his  collection. 

Mr.  Wills  was  1st  for  six  flowering  plants,  and  Mr. 
Cypher  2d,  both  showing  well.  Mr.  Hughes,  gr.  to 
H.  Pethick,  Esq.,  had  the  best  four  flowering  plants  ; 
Mr.  Holland,  gr,  to  W.  Ash,  Esq.,  the  2d  best,  and 
Mr.  Lewis  the  3d,  all  three  showing  well. 

Mr.  Hughes  was  1st  for  a  specimen  greenhouse 
plant,  and  Mr.  Lock  was  2d  ;  the  last-named  exhi- 
bitor had  the  best  six  ornamenlal  foliage  plants, 
showing  an  excellent  lot,  being  followed  closely  by 
Mr.  Cypher.  Mr.  Wills  and  Mr.  Brooks  were  1st 
and  2d  respectively,  for  six  exotic  Ferns.  Mr.  Lock 
and  Mr.  Derryman,  gr.  to  E.  Cole,  Esq.,  taking  1st 
and  2d  in  that  order  for  eight  exotic  Ferns,  clean 
well  grown  pUnts  being  staged  in  both  collections. 

Pelargoniums. 

These  were  shown  largely  and  in  some  classes  re- 
markably well,  notably  in  that  for  six  zonals,  which 
were  grandly  flowered.  1st,  Mr.  Adams  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Brooks.  Fuchsias,  Begonias,  Coleus,  &c,  were  also 
pretty  well  represented. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  very  good  for  the  time  of  the  year,  the 
blooms  being  fresh  and  even  in  the  prize  stands.  Mr. 
Campbell,  gr.  to  Dr.  Budd,  Bath,  was  ist  for  twenty- 
four  trebles  ;  Mr.  Matlock,  Oxford,  being  a  close  2d; 
and  Mr.  Yorkshire  a  good  3d. 

Mr.  Hobbs,  Bristol,  had  the  best  twelve  blooms, 
and  Mr.  Warden,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  H.  Bathurst,  Bart., 
Clarendon  Park,  Salisburn,  the  second  best. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  1st  tor  a  like  number  of  Teas, 
being  followed  closely  by  Mr.  Matlock  and  Messrs. 
Cooling  &  .Sons,  Bath. 

Bouquets 
were   well   shown,  equal  ist  going  to  Mr.    Cypher 
and  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  and  the  3d  and  4th  to 
Mr.  Garraway,  Bath,  and  Mr.  Cole  in  that  order. 

Collections  of  Fruit. 

There  were  four  collections  of  eight  kinds  put  up 
in  competition  for  the  three  prizes  offered,  the  three 
prize  winners  being  very  close  to  each  other  in  point 
of  merit,  ist,  Mr.  W.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Cork,  Marston  House,  Frome  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Nash, 
gr.  to  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  Badminton  House, 
Chippenham  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle,  Salisbury.  Mr.  Iggulden's  collection  con- 
sisted of  good  Cayenne  Pine,  Black  Hamburgh  and 
Foster's  Seedling  Grapes,  well-coloured  Barrington 
Peaches,  Victoria  Nectarines,  Hero  of  Lockinge 
Melon,  Moor  Park  Apricot  and  Brown  Turkey  Figs. 
Mr.  Nash's  best  dishes  were  Bellegarde  Peaches, 
large  and  highly  coloured,  and  Black  Tartarian 
Cherries,  very  fine ;  and  Mr.  Ward's  best  were  a 
Queen  Pine,  Muscat  Grapes,  and  Blenheim  Orange 
Melon,  b\  lb.,  beautifully  netted  and  well  coloured. 

Grapes. 

These  were  shown  in  fairly  good  condition.  Mr. 
H.  W.  Ward  was  easily  ist  for  three  bunches  of 
Muscats  ;  Mr.  G.  Neton  and  Mr.  Iggulden  being  2d 
and  3d. 

Mr.  Thomas  was  Ist  for  a  like  number  of  bunches 
of  any  other  white  variety  with  good  Buckland  Sweet- 
water; Mr,  Lloyd,  gr.  to  J.  Stuckley,  Esq.,  was  2d, 
with  good  Foster's  Seedling  ;  and  Mr.  Nash  was  Ist 
for  any  other  black  than  Hamburgh  with  three  fine 
well  finished  bunches  of  Black  Alicante,  Mr.  Duft^ern, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Walker,  and  Mr.  Lloyd  taking  2d  and  3d 
in  that  order  with  good  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court, 
but  which  were  wanting  in  colour. 

Mr.  W.  Yard,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  Canon  Pratt,  was 
Ist  for  Black  Hamburghs,  showing  rather  loose  but 
fairly  coloured  bunches  ;  Mr.  Moss  was  2d,  and  Mr. 
Edwards  3d,  with  compact,  even,  well  finished 
though  smaller  bunches. 

There  were  only  two  Pines  staged,  a  large  Black 
Prince,  8i  lb.,  but  not  in  good  condition  ;  and  a 
medium-sized  Cayenne,  for  which  Mr.  Iggulden  was 
awarded  a  Ist  prize. 

Miscellaneous. 

Twenty  fruits  of  green  and  scarlet  fleshed  kinds  of 
Melons  were  put  up.  Mr.  Goddard  was  1st  in  the  latter 
class  with  Read's,  and  Mr.  Holland  obtained  a  like 
award  in  the  former  with  Sutton's  Horticultural  Prize. 

Mr.  Ward  had  the  best  dish  of  Pears  in  Jargonelle, 
and  Mr.  Nash  the  best  dish  of  Cherries  with  Black 
Tartarian. 


Mr.  Duflern  had  the  best  Peaches  and  Nectarines, 
the  latter  being  large  and  highly  coloured  fruits  of 
EIruge  ;  Mr.  Lloyd  taking  2d  with  large  fruits  of 
Oldenburg. 

Mr.  Ward  exhibited,  not  for  competition,  a  hand- 
seme  fruit  of  Hero  of  Lockinge  Melon,  weighing 
4.V  lb.,  rich  in  colour  and  beautifully  netted, 

Vegetakles. 

These  were  shown  largely  and  well.  There  were 
eight  good  collections  put  up.  1st,  Mr.  Filchey,  gr. 
to  Colonel  Colgrave  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Hall  ;  3d,  Mr. 
W.  A.  Harris,  gr.  to  Colonel  J.  A.  Law. 

Mr.  Ward  was  Ist  for  Cauliflower. 

Mr,  J,  Day  was  the  most  successful  exhibitor  in 
the  single  dish  classes. 

Potatos,  Carrots,  Marrows,  Tomatos,  and  salading 
were  well  represented. 


HASTINGS    AND    ST.    LEONARDS: 

August  II. 
The  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  was  held 
in  the  Alexandra  Park.  The  entries  scarcely 
equalled  those  of  last  year  in  numbers,  but  if  defi- 
cient in  this  respect  there  was  no  falling  off  in  the 
quality  of  the  exhibits,  which  were  good  throughout, 
many  a  deserving  collection  having  to  be  passed  over 
where  the  competition  was  strong  :  notably  was  this 
the  case  with  vegetables,  which  were  among  the 
very  best  that  we  have  seen  this  season.  A  word  of 
praise,  too,  is  due  to  the  superior  quality  of  the 
vegetables  and  cut  flowers  shown  by  the  cottagers  of 
the  district,  each  of  which  evinced  high  cultivation. 

Plants  in  Flower. 

These  are  always  a  strong  feature  at  this  show,  and 
this  occasion  was  no  exception  to  the  rule.  In  the 
open  classes  Mr.  Portnell,  gr.  to  Sir  A,  Lamb, 
Beaupoit.  was  well  in  advance  with  eight  plants  of 
maderate  size,  fresh  and  healthy  and  in  abun- 
dant bloom,  his  most  notable  examples  were 
Dipladenia  amabilis,  very  fine,  with  flowers  of  ex- 
ceptional size  :  Ixora  Fraseri.  Bougainvillea  glabra, 
full  of  flower ;  Erica  cerinthoides  coronata,  with 
examples  of  Kalosanthes  coccinea  superba  Erica, 
Aitonia  turgida,  and  Statice  imbricata  var.  Gilberti. 
Mr.  Hobden,  Clive  Vale  Nursery,  was  a  good  2d, 
staging  one  of  the  best  flowered  plants  of  AUamanda 
grandiflora  we  have  seen,  and  a  well  done  piece  of 
Rondeletia  speciosa  major,  a  plant  not  nearly  so  much 
grown  as  it  deserves  to  be. 

For  six  specimens,  Mr.  Lucas,  gr.  to  C.  Liddle, 
Esq.,  Peasmarsh,  was  1st,  having  among  others  a 
good  example  of  Vinca  oculata  ;  [in  the  2d  prfze  col- 
lection, from  Mr.  Duftin,  gr.  to  S.  Green,  Esq.,  was 
an  unusually  bright  and  well  flowered  plant  of  Kalo- 
santhes coccinea  superba. 

In  the  limited  classes,  Mr.  Portnell  again  came 
to  the  front  with  another  good  collection  of  six 
plants,  conspicuous  among  others  being  a  capital 
example  of  Erica  Fairrieana,  and  also  of  Statice 
profusa. 

Single  specimens  in  flower  were  shown  in  excellent 
condition,  equal  Ist  prizes  being  awarded  to  another 
well  done  AUamanda  grandiflora  from  Mr.  Hobden 
and  an  all-round  plant  of  Bougainvillea  glabra  from 
Mr.  Portnell. 

Pelargoniums,  both  single  and  double  zonals,  were 
displayed  in  capital  condition,  the  plants  healthy  and 
floriferous,  and,  what  was  equally  creditable,  not  too 
stiflly  trained. 

Mr.  Hobden  took  ist  for  both  sections  in  six  of 
each,  Mr.  Portnell  following  closely  in  each  instance. 

Gloxini.as  were  shown  in  first-rate  order,  full  of 
flower,  and  in  good  variety  by  Mr.  Gadd,  gr.  to 
P.  Eagles,  Esq,,  St.  Leonards  ;  and  Mr.  Gregory, 
gr.  to  Admiral  Maxse,  Eastbourne;  the  first-named 
also  taking  1st  for  four  Begonias,  most  abundantly 
flowered. 

Ericas  were  shown  in  considerable  numbers,  con- 
sisting of  the  best  varieties  for  the  season,  Mr. 
Portnell  taking  two  Ists  for  six  and  four  respectively. 

For  six  Fuchsias  the  same  exhibitor  was  likewise 
Ist,  with  healthy  vigorous  plants  of  the  best  kinds. 

Some  pretty  examples  of  dinner-table  plants  were 
shown,  the  best  coming  from  Mr.  F.  Bishop,  Croydon. 

Foliage  plants  and  Ferns  were  shown  in  consider- 
able number,  being,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  of 
medium  size,  but  in  good  condition.  For  eight 
foliage  plants  Mr.  Jupp,  gr.  to  the  Mayor  of  East- 
bourne, was  1st,  having  among  others  a  very 
fine  plant  of  Croton  majesticum,  brilliantly  coloured  ; 
and  Alocasia  Thibauliana,  in  good  condition. 
Another  collection,  strong  in  Palms,  came  from  Mr, 
Portnell,  and  took  2d  place. 

The  best  specimen  foliage  plant  was  a  grand  piece, 
in  robust  health,  of  Areca  sapida,  from  Mr.  Dennis. 

For  eight  Ferns  Mr.  Bolton,  of  Coombe  Bank, 
Sevenoaks,  took  the  1st  place  with  a  noble  plant  of 
Dicksonia  squarrosa  and  a  good  specimen  of  Davallia 
polyanlha  ia  his  collection  ;  Mr.  Jupp  followed, 
having  some  well  grown  Gymnogrammas  and  a  fine 
Alsophila  excelsa. 


In  a  smaller  collection  Mr.  Morris,  gr.  to  C,  J. 
Ebden,  Esq,,  came  to  the  front  with  neat  well  grown 
plants. 

In  a  miscellaneous  collection  of  plants  the  1st  prize 
again  fell  to  the  lot  of  Mr,  Portnell,  in  whose  collec- 
tion we  noticed  a  healthy  specimen  of  Rhopala  corco- 
vadensis. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  in  their  various  classes  were  shown  in  con- 
siderable numbers,  and  of  excellent  quality.  The 
central  portion  of  the  marquee  was  devoted  to  the 
table  decorations,  each  exhibitor  being  allowed  a 
separate  table,  around  which  there  was  plenty  of  room 
for  inspection  by  the  visitors. 

In  the  open  class,  Mrs.  Seale,  of  Sevenoaks,  won 
the  1st  prize  with  three  stands,  even  beyond  her  usual 
degree  of  excellence  ;  the  2d  prize  being  well  won  by 
Mrs.  Bishop,  of  Croydon. 

For  the  prizes  restricted  to  amateurs  only,  Mrs. 
Gilmour,  of  Hawkhurst,  took  1st  place  with  three 
stands,  light  but  free  in  their  arrangement ;  but  was 
closely  followed  by  a  local  exhibitor.  Miss  Stewart, 
St.  Leonards,  whose  only  failing  was  in  not  having 
secured  a  ground  work  of  moss  to  start  upon,  the 
sand  being  plainly  visible. 

Boxes  of  Roses  were  exhibited  in  good  numbers, 
Messrs,  Woollard,  Cooksbridge  Nursery,  Lewes,  and 
Mr,  Slaughter,  of  Steyning,  taking  the  premier 
positions. 

Stove  and  greenhouse  cut  flowers  made  a  good 
show,  Lipagerias,  Ericas,  Dipladenias,  and  Alla- 
mandas,  were  prominent  features  in  the  Ist  prize  lot 
from  Mr.  Portnell ;  a  capital  boxful  being  also  shown 
by  Mr.  Nicholh. 

Amongst  Dahlias,  Mrs.  Seale  and  Mr.  Robinson, 
gr.  to  Mr;.  Meryon,  Rye,  shared  the  honours  with 
bright  fresh  flowers. 

Mr.  Bunyard,  of  Ashford,  won  the  1st  prize  for 
twelve  Gladioli,  and  Mr.  Morris  that  for  six,  each 
with  good  spikes. 

Asters  and  Phlox  Drummondi  were  shown  in  con- 
siderable quantity,  the  latter  from  Mr.  Lavender,  gr. 
to  Lieut.-Col.  Tubbs,  St.  Leonards,  being  very  fine. 

Bouquets  and  baskets  of  flowers  produced  a  lively 
competition,  Mrs.  Bishop,  Mr.  Woollard,  and  Mr. 
Freeman,  being  the  most  successful  exhibitors. 

Fruit. 

The  Grapes  were  a  prominent  feature  in  this 
department,  Mr.  Allen,  gr.  to  Lord  Brassey,  winning 
easily  with  three  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
finely  coloured,  and  taking  2d  also  for  Black  Ham- 
burgh, with  good  bunches  and  very  fine  berries  ;  the 
1st  being  awarded  to  Mr.  Gadd  with  better  coloured 
samples,  more  compact  in  the  bunch. 

Amongst  Plums  Rivers'  Early  Prolific  was  promi- 
nent, whilst  of  Apples  the  best  samples  were  of  Lord 
Suffield,  from  Mr,  Gilmour  ;  and  Red  Juneating,  from 
Mr.  Blake, 

Of  Melons,  Lord  Beaconsfield  (green)  and  Blen- 
heim Orange  (scarlet)  were  prominent,  each  kind 
being  to  the  front  in  each  of  four  classes,  and  Mr. 
Eigleton  the  most  successful  exhibitor. 

For  a  collection  of  eight  dishes  of  fruit  Mr.  Port- 
nell again  came  to  the  front,  winning  with  a  nice 
even  lot  of  fruit. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  hardly  sufficiently 
advanced,  still  some  good  dishes  of  each  were 
brought  forward— Royal  George  of  the  former,  and 
Downton  of  the  latter  were  the  best. 

Vegetables. 

Collections  of  nine  sorts  were  shown  in  first-class 
condition,  each  of  the  nine  exhibitors  staging  pro- 
ductions of  a  high  order  of  merit— Mr.  Grossman, 
of  Coghurst  Hall,  and  Mr.  Apps,  of  Ore,  taking  Ist 
,-ind  2d  prizes  respectively ;  these  were  among  the 
very  best  collections  that  we  have  seen  this  season. 
The  vegetable  classes  throughout  were  well  repre- 
sented in  each  respective  kind,  Celery  being  remark- 
ably good  for  the  season  ;  so  also  were  the  Carrots 
(Sutton's  new  Red  Intermediate,  very  fine)  :  some 
fine  bulbs  also  of  Rousham  Park  Onion  were  shown 
Messrs.  Sutton,  Apps,  and  Gilmour  being  the  chief 
prize-takers. 

Mr.  Gilbert,  of  Springfield  Nursery,  Old  London 
Road,  Hastings,  staged  a  most  effective  group,  not 
for  honours,  of  choice  flowering  and  foliage  plants, 
occupying  the  entire  end  of  one  tent. 


TAUNTON  DEANE  HORTICULTURAL 
SHOW:  August  12. 
The  display  of  horticultural  productions  brought 
together  in  the  Vivary  Park  is  such  as  to  place  the 
exhibitions  of  this  Society  in  the  front  rank  of  pro- 
vincial gatherings.  In  each  department  the  com- 
petitors are  usually  numerous,  whilst  the  character  of 
the  productions  is  of  a  description  to  give  conclusive 
evidence  that  gardening  is  well  done  in  this  part  of 
the  country.  The  show  day  is  kept  as  a  general  holi- 
day  in  the   town,   to  which   the  inhabitants  of  the 


250 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[August  21,  1886. 


surrounding  districts  flock  in  large  numbers,  throng- 
ing the  six  or  seven  roomy  tents  in  a  way  that  is 
rarely  seen.  On  the  present  occasion  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants,  both  flowering  and  fine-foliaged, 
were,  as  usual  at  Taunton,  represented  in  a  manner 
that  is  not  surpassed  at  any  summer  exhibition  in  the 
kingdom. 

Open  Classes, — Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants. 

Mr.  Cypher,  Cheltenham,  took  the  lead,  the  group 
consisting  ot  an'Ixora  Duflii,  which  bore  thirteen  heads 
of  bloom,  the  largest  of  which  was  Io\  inches  through  ; 
the  plant  was  covered  with  healthy  leaves  down  to  the 
pot ;  I.  Pilgrimii,  and  I.  Fraseri,  each  bearing  from 
130  to  140  trusses  of  their  reddish-orange  flowers, 
and  a  number  of  other  subjects  of  great  merit.  Mr. 
Lock,  gr.  to  B.  W.  Cleave,  Esq.,  Crediton.  who  was 
2d,  had  amongst  others,  an  immense  plant,  well- 
flowered,  of  Erica  Eweriana,  and  Eucharis  amazonica, 
bearing  about  forty-five  spikes  ;  3d,  Mr.  Wills,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Pearce,  Southampton. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, — ist,  Mr.  Cypher. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 

These  were  very  well  shown,  the  plants  large  and 
in  excellent  condition  ;  Mr.  Lock  took  1st  honours 
with  eight,  his  best  specimens  being  Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Encephalartos  villosus  ampliatus,  and  Kentia 
Belmoreana,  each  some  15  feet  across,  with  Croton 
Warreni  and  C.  Williamsi,  large,  and  beautifully 
coloured ;  and  Gleichenia  speluncx,  9  feet  in  diameter ; 
2d,  Mr.  Cypher,  in  a  good  group  having  Kentia 
Canterburyana,  and  a  very  fine  specimen  of  Cordyline 
indivisa. 

Ferns. 

Eight  exotic  varieties. — Mr.  Lock  took  1st,  with  a 
fine  collection,  in  which  was  Davallia  polyantha,  D, 
Mooreana,  andthe  beauciful  D.  fijiensis,  with  Cyathea 
dealbata,  and  a  very  fine  specimen  of  Marattia 
Cooperi ;  Mr.  Wills,  who  was  2d,  staged  nicely 
grown  but  smaller  plants. 

Orchids. 
Four   Orchids. — Mr.    Cypher  was  the   only  exhi- 
bitor of  these,  taking   1st  with   Saccolabium  Blumei, 
bearing  five  spikes  ;    Cypripedium   Stonei,   Cattleya 
Dowiana,  at.d  Oncidium  Lanceanum. 

Rare  or  New  Plants. 

One  new  or  rare  plant  in  bloom.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Lock, 
with  Dipladenia  Eliotti,  a  distinct  variety,  with  full- 
sized  flowers,  the  segments  unusually  broad  ;  the 
colour  is  a  rich  salmon-red,  edged  with  white  ;  the 
leaves,  deep  green,  are  comparatively  small,  thick, 
and  leathery. 

With  a  new  fine-foliage  plant  Mr.  Lock  was  also 
1st,  having  Alocasia  Sanderiana ;  2d,  Mr.  Cypher, 
with  Croton  roortefontainensis. 

Fuchsias. 
The  best  of  these  came  from  Mr,  Godding,  Taunton ; 
2d,  Mr.  Henley,  gr.  to  F.  Woodland,  Esq. 

Tuberous  Begonias 
were  well  shown,  Mr.  Godding  being  Ist,  with  large, 
well-flowered  plants  of  good  varieties  ;  2d,   Mr.   S. 
Tottle,  Taunton. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 

These  were  well  represented,  the  plants  of  medium 
size,  and  beautifully  flowered.  With  eight  single 
varieties  Mr.  Godding  took  the  lead  ;  2d,  Mr.  S. 
Tottle. 

Eight  Nosegays. — 1st,  Mr.  Godding,  who  here 
again  staged  beautifully  flowered  examples, 

Eight  double  zonals.  —  1st,  Mr.  Henley;  2d,  Mr, 
Lewis,  gr.  to  J.  E.  Cole,  Esq. 

Eight  tricolors.  — 1st,  Mr.  T.  Tidbury,  Taunton; 
2d,  Mr.  Godding. 

Cockscombs. 

With  four  Mr.  Cowill,  gr.  to  H.  F.  Manley,  Esq., 
Taunton,  was  Ist ;  2d,  Mr.  Reed,  gr.  to  F.  J.  C. 
Parsons,  Esq.,  Bridgwater. 

Amateurs. 

Twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — Mr.  Wills 
was  placed  1st,  having  a  group  composed  of  eight  fine- 
foliage  and  four  flowering  specimens  ;  Mr.  Lock  2d, 
his  collection  consisting  of  all  flowering  plants, 
medium  sized  examples  in  nice  condition. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants.  —  1st,  Mr.  W.  G. 
Marshall.  Taunton,  who  with  others  had  a  nice  speci- 
men of  Rondeletia  speciosa  major. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. — 1st,  Mr.  Wills  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Marsh.-vU. 

FiNE-FoLiAGE  Plants. 
1st  honors  for  six  went  to  Mr.  Lock,  who  in  a  nice 
half  dozen  had  a  good  example  of  Alocasia  Thibauti- 
aoa  ;  zd,  Mr,  Wills. 


Ferns. 

Exotic  Ferns. — Here  again  Mr.  Lock  was  ist,  with 
medium-growing  varieties,  amongst  which  were  well- 
managed  examples  of  Davallia  Tyermanni,  Gleiche- 
nia rupestris,  and  Adiantum  trapeziforme  ;  2d,  M^. 
Lewis. 

Hardy  Ferns  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Lock  taking 
Ist,  with  twelve  fresh,  well-grown  plants;  2d,  Mr. 
Wills. 

Lilies 
were  shown  in  nice  condition,  Mr.  Marshall  taking 
1st  with  the  white  and  spotted  varieties  of  L.  specio- 
sum  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  W,  Newton,  Taunton, 


These  also  were  present  in  beautiful  order,  Mr. 
Lock  taking  1st,  and  Mr.  F.  W.  Newton  2d. 

Achimenes 
were  better  done  than  we  often  see  them,  Mr.  Mar- 
shall being  1st  for  four,  with  Mauve  Perfection,   St. 
Margaret,    Dazzle,    and   Ambrose  Verschatfelt  ;    2d, 
Mr.  Parish,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Eden,  Taunton. 

Begonias. 
Here,  as  in  the  open  class,  these  were  well  shown  ; 
Mr.  W.  B.  Hellard  taking  1st,  and  Mr.  Wodland  2d. 

Glo.kinias 
were  in  excellent  condition,  Mr.  Cooper,  gr.  to  C.  L. 
CoUard,  Esq.,  being  Ist  with  erect  flowered  varieties ; 
2d,  Mr.  Lock. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 

In  the  class  for  six  Mr,  Woodland  had  Ist,  with 
beautifully  bloomed  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hellard. 

Double  zonali. — 1st,  Mr.  Hellard  ;  2d,  Mr.  Wood- 
land. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  in  good  condition,  taking  into  account 
the  advanced  season. 

Forty-eight  varieties,  single  blooms. — Mr.  Mattock 
was  well  in  front,  putting  up  a  clean  lot  of  flowers ; 
2d,  Mr.  Campbell,  gr.  to  S.  P.  Eudd,  Esq. 

Twenty-four  varieties,  three  blooms  of  each.  —  1st, 
Mr.  Campbell  ;  2d  Messrs.  Cooling,  Bath.  Mr. 
Mattock  would  have  been  Ist  in  this  class  also  but  for 
the  unfortunate  mistake  of  staging  two  sets  of  Alfred 
Colorab  ;  mistake  it  clearly  was,  as  both  trees  were 
labelled  correctly.  An  extra  prize  was  awarded  to 
the  stand. 

Twenty-four  Dahlias. — Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co., 
Salisbury,  scored  1st  honours,  staging  splendid 
flowers,  conspicuous  amongst  which  were  William 
Bainbridge,  Joseph  Ashley,  Harry  Keith,  Spitfire 
and  Defiance  ;  the  last  named  is  a  seedling,  a  medium 
sized  flower  of  beautiful  form,  the  colour  is  a  peculiar 
shade  of  scarlet  ;  2d,  Mr.  Nation,  Taunton. 

Twelve  Dahlias. — Ist,  Messrs.  Keynes,  again 
showing  beautiful  flowers  ;  2d,  Mr.  Nation. 

Twelve  fancy  Dahlias. — Ist,  Messrs.  Keynes  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Nation. 

Twelve  single  Dahlias. — Ist,  Mr.  Mattock,  with  a 
very  good  dozen,  very  distinct  in  colour ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Keynes. 

Twenty-four  Hollyhocks.— 1st,  Mr.  W.  Smith, 
Bristol,  with  better  flowers  than  we  have  been  in  the 
habit  of  seeing  for  some  time. 

Twelve  Hollyhocks.— ist,  Mr.  Smith ;  2d,  Mr. 
Jones,  gr.  to  J.  S.  Pope,  Esq.,  Bath. 

Twenty-four  German  Asters.  — These  were  very 
well  shown,  Mr.  Jones  taking  Ist,  with  a  beautiful 
stand  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Cooling. 

Twenty-four  French  Asters. — Ist,  Mr.  Jones,  here 
also  staging  a  good  lot  of  blooms  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Cool- 
ing. 

Twenty-four  Gladiolus. — 1st,  Mr.  Godding  ;  2d, 
Mr  S.  Tottle. 

Twelve  varieties  of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers. 
— Here  Mr.  Lock  took  ist,  with  an  excellent  stand. 

Table  Arrangements. 
Of  a  dinner-table  arranged  in  the  usual  style  Miss 
Cypher  was  the  only  exhibitor,   and  took  1st  ;  Miss 
Cypher  likewise  had  a  well-merited  Ist  for  a  stand  of 
flowers,  Mrs,  E.  Blake,  Taunton,  being  2d. 

Fruit.— Collection  ok  Ten  Kinds. 

Fruit  was  present  in  quantity,  and  mostly  in  good 
condition.  Mr.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Cork, 
Frome,  was  well  in  front,  showing  good  examples  of 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Foster's  Seedling  Grapes, 
Barrmgton  Peaches,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines.  Moor 
Park  Apricots,  Brown  Turkey  Figs,  a  Smooth 
Cayenne  Pine.  Black  Tartarian  Cherries,  Jargonelle 
Pears,  and  a  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ward,  gr.  to  the  Earl 
of  Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  who  also  had 
a  good  collection  ;  3d,  Mr.  Grossman,  gr.  to  J. 
Brutton,  Esq. 

Eight  dishes.  —  1st,  Mr.  Lloyd,  gr.  to  V.  Stuckey, 
Esq.,  who,  amongst  others,  had  Foster's  Seedling 
Grapes,  good  bunches,   finely  coloured  ;   Oldenburg 


Nectarines,  Violette  Hative  Peaches,  Moor  Park 
Apricots,  and  a  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Grossman,  whose 
best  dishes  were  Waterloo  Peaches,  Madresfield 
Court  Grapes,  and  Pitmaston  Orange  Nectarines. 

Four  dishes. — 1st,  Mrs.  Walker,  who  had  Madres- 
field Court  Grapes,  Grosse  Mignonne  Peaches,  EIruge 
Nectarines,  and  Read's  Hybrid  Melon,  all  in  nice 
condition ;  2d,  Mr,  Iggulden,  his  best  examples 
being  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes  and  Grosse  Mig- 
nonne Peaches. 

Two  Pine-apples. — 1st,  Mr.  Brooks,  Dillington 
Park,  Ilminster,  who  showed  a  pair  of  Queens  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Iggulden. 

v  Three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes.  —  1st, 
Mr.  Iggulden,  with  well-coloured  examples  a  little 
thin  of  bloom  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  K.  Wait,  Bristol. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  not  Hamburgh.— 
1st,  Mrs.  Walker,  who  had  Madresfield  Court— fine 
bunches  and  good  berries,  just  a  shade  short  of 
colour ;  2d,  Mr.  Grossman,  with  Black  Alicante. 

Three  bunches  of  Muscats.  —  1st,  Mr.  Ward,  with 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  K.  Wait. 

Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  not  Muscats.  —  1st, 
Mr.  Westacott,  with  Duke  of  Buccleuch — handsome 
bunches,  in  beautiful  condition  j  2d,  Mr.  Lloyd,  who 
staged  good  examples  of  Foster's  Seedling. 

One  Melon.— 1st,  Mr.  T.  Paull. 

Dish  of  Peaches.  —  Ist,  Mrs.  Walker. 

Dish  of  Nectarines.  —  1st,  Mrs.  Walker. 

Dish  of  Apricots.  — 1st,  Mr.  F.  W.  Newton. 

Certificates. 

Mr.  Lock  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  for 
Croton  Cleavei,  a  distinct  and  very  handsome  variety  ; 
the  leaves  are  much  like  C.  Disraeli  in  shape,  but 
quite  three-fourths  of  the  entire  surface  is  bright  yellow, 
the  leaf-stalks  are  deep  crimson  ;  altogether  it  is  a 
very  fine  kind. 

Messrs.  Kelway  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for 
new  Gladiolus  Gabinius,  a  full-sized  flower,  ground 
colour  pale  peach  blossom,  shaded  with  pink  ;  Lady 
Salisbury,  a  fine  shaped  flower,  ground  colour  white, 
barred  and  shaded  with  crimson,  a  conspicuous  white 
throat  ;  Dr.  Farrant,  white  centre,  outer  portion  of 
petals  shaded  with  bright  crimson. 

Messrs.  R.  Veitch,  Exeter,  staged,  not  for  com- 
petition, a  good  collection  of  miscellaneous  flowering 
and  hneleaved  stove,  greenhouse,  and  other  plants, 
including  Orchids. 

Messrs.  Kelway  contributed,  not  for  competition,  a 
very  fine  stand  of  Gladiolus. 


NATIONAL    GOOSEBERRY  SHOW,  OLD 
TRAFFORD  :    August  2. 

We  append  a  list  of  the  exhibitors  and  the  weight 
of  the  various  fruits  shown  on  this  occasion.  'The 
meeting  took  place  in  the  Botanical  Gardens,  Old 
Traftor'd,  Manchester  ;- 

Dishes  of  Twelve  Bekkies  ;  Red  Varieties. 
Exhibitor.  Name  of  Berry, 

ist,  John  Knowles       ..         ..  .     Lord  Derby 

2d,    James  Threlfall Bobby 

3d,   James  Harvey      ..         ..         ..     Speedwell 

4lh,  James  Salsbury Dr.  Woolley 

5th,  John  Boot Seedling,  Collies  Lane 

ist,  E.  Salsbury  ..  ..  ..  Ringer 

2d,   James  Harvey  . .         . .         . .  Lady  Haughton 

3d.    James  Salsbury Leveller 

4th,  James  Bower  . .  . .  . .  Garibaldi 

5th,  Daniel  Bower  High  She.  ifi" 

Gkeen. 

ist,  F.  Cliff       Surprise 

2d,   James  Salsbury    ..         ..         ..  Stockwell 

3d,   George  Beckett     ..         ..  .  British  Oak 

4th,  James  Threlfall Telegraph 

5th,  John  Boot Shiner 

White. 

ist,  E.  Salsbury  ..  ..         ..  Careless 

2d,   J.  Salsbury  Antsgonist 

3d,    George  Beckett     ..  ..  ..  Princess  Royal 

4th,  James  Bower        Hero  of  the  Nile 

5th,  James  Threlfall Transparent 

Twins  (Two  on  one  Stem). 

Dwt.  Gr. 

John  Knowles           . .  Red  . .     Lord  Derby    . .         . .  39  iq 

James  Salsbury        ..Yellow     Thatcher         ..         ..  41  10 

Ifihn  Fisher    ..          ..   Green.     Surprise           ..         ..  35  12 

William  Riley           . .  White  .     Antagonist                 .  ■  31  o 

Single  Fruits. — Premier  Prizes. 

John  Knowles  ;        ..  Red  ..     Lord  Derby    ..         ..  26  15 

E.  Salsbury    ..         ..  Yellow     Ringer..         ..         ..  27  as 

G.Beckett      ..          ..   Green.     Shiner 22  12 

F.  Cliff While.     Antagonist     ..         ..  23  20 

Stew.ard's  Prizes. 

J.  Salsbury     . .  . .   Red  . .  Dr.  Woolley   . .  . .  25  9 

I.  Harvey       ..  ..  Yellow  Garibaldi         ..  ..  23  r* 

R.    Downcs     ..  ..  Green.  British  Oak     ..  ..  2a  ij 

John  Torkington  . .  White  .  Princess  Royal  . .  23  10 

Alfred  Tomkinson  . .  Red  . .  London           . .  . .  24  g 

James  Thtellall  ..Yellow  Mount  Pleasant  ..22  9 

John  Fisher    ..  ..  Green.  Surpri-e           ..  ..  21  ig 

Roger  Parker . .  . .  White  .  Postman          . .  . .  22  21 

B.  Cheadle      ..  ..    Red  ..  Bobby 22  19 

Charles  Leicester  ..  Yellow  Lady  Haughton  ..  20  20 

James  Warburtoa  ..  Green.  Seedling,  Beodigo  ..21  2 

W.Riley        ..  ..  White.  Overseer          ..  ..  21  15 

John  Boot       . .  . .  Red  . .  Collies  Lane    . .  . .  22  o 

S.  birchenall  ..  ..  Green.  Plunder          ..  ..  ao  14 


August  21,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


251 


Class  Prizes: — Red. 

E.  Salsbury        Elucher            ..  ..     25  1; 

J.    Salsbury        Lord  Derby    ..  ..25  ' 

E.  Salsbury         ..          ..  London            .  ..     24  i( 

A.  Tomkinson    . .          . .          . .  Rover 24  ' 

J.  Salsbury         ..          ..          ..  Bobby..          ■•  ■•     23  *; 

G.  Becke.t          Maccaroni       ..  ..     22  i( 

T.  Boot Seedling,  Collies  Lane    22 

J.  Knowles         Dr.  WooUey  ..  ..22 

J.  Knowles          . .          . .          . .  Rough  One     . .  . .     22 

W.Riley             Eskander  Bey  ..21  < 

J.Fisher Rough  Red     ..  ..21  1 

C.  Leicester        FaUtafF           . .  ..21  ( 

Vellow. 

.  Salsbury        Thatcher          ..  ..26 

R.  Whitehurst Ringer 26 

J.  Salsbury         Leveller           ..  ..24  < 

J.  Knowles          ..          ..          ..  Lady  Haughton  ..     22  il 

E.  Salsbury        Garibaldi          ..  ..     22  i; 

J.  Threlrall         High  Sheriff  ..  ..     22  , 

J.  Threlfall         Hit  or  Miss     ..  ..     22 

J.  Harvey           . .          . .          . .  Wakeful           . .  . .     22 

J.  Bower..         ..         ..         ,.  Moimt  Pleasant  ..22  1 

A.  Tomkinson    ..         ..          ..  Drill 19  i: 

J.  Fisher Favonius         ..  ..     19  n 

J.  Harvey           Catherina        .,  ..19 

Green. 

J  Threlfall        Stockwell       ..  ..22  . 

W.  Riley             Shiner 2t  r 

E.  Salsbury         B'itish  Oak     ..  ..21  i 

E.  Salsbury        . .         . .          . .  Hospool           . .  ..212; 

F.  CHff Surprise           ..  ..      21  ; 

J.  Boot Italy 20  i' 

F.  Cliff Sir  George  Brown  ..19  < 

B.Bradley          ..         ..          ..  Green  London  ..     19  \ 

J.  Threlfall         Telegraph       . .  . .      19 

B.  Bradley          ..          ..          ..  .^eedling           ..  ..19  1 

J.  Harvey          ..         ..         ..  So utar  Johnny  ..     17  j 

White. 

K.  Whitehurst Antagonist       ..  ..     23  ii 

E.  Salsbury Princess  Royal  ..     23  1. 

E.  Salsbury        Careless  . .     23  < 

J.  Salsbury        Hero  of  the  Nile  ..22  < 

J,  Threlfall         . .         . .          . .  Transparent     . .  . ,     20  i 

G.Beckett         Fascination     ..  ..20  ! 

J.  Salsbury         Faithful            ..  ..20  ( 

W.   Riley           King  of  Trumps  ..19 

J.  Harvey           ,.         ..          ..  Postman           ..  ..      18  2: 

J.  Threlfall         Success             . .  ,.182.: 

J.  Bower             Peto 17  ' 

S.  Birchenall Miss  Chesters  ..     17  ' 

James  Leicester,  Crompon  Road  Nurseries^  Maccles 
fichi^  Secretary, 


-^^O^ll.    HORTICULTURAL. 

The  annual  show  of  this  Society  was  held  on 
Tuesday  last,  the  17th  iost.,  in  unfavourable  weather, 
and  under  dispiriting  circumstances.  Last  year  a  little 
over  i^ioo  was  taken  as  gate  money,  and  there  was  an 
adverse  balance  of  about  ^21.  It  is  feared  this  year 
that  instead  of  "  making  up  "  and  "  wiping  off,"  the 
gate  money  will  show  a  falling-otT  equal  to  last  year's 
deficit.  This  is  to  be  regretted,  for  the  show  was  very 
creditable,  and  a  number  of  influential  persons  sent 
contributions  from  a  distance  ;  the  Earl  of  Cork  send- 
ing fruit  from  Marston,  and  Mr.  Brinsley  Sheridan 
sending  from  Frampton,  in  Dorset.  Messrs.  Keynes 
sent  Dahlias,  and  Mr,  Drax,  of  the  Wrest  Park,  a 
variety  of  garden  products.  Cottagers  sent  especially 
well  grown  vegetables,  avoiding  m'*nstrous  size 
Potatosjibowing  a  preference  for  Reading  Russets. 


STA  TE  OF  THE  WE  A  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LONDO.\, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  August  18,  1886. 


HygTome 

trical    De- 

Barometxb. 

Tehpbhature  of 

THE  AllL 

ductions 
from 

Wind. 

5 

Tables  7th 

Q 

Edition. 

J 

i 

s 

1 

a 

1 

s 

tf     la 

|2^.  °o  . 

,     0 

^l. 

i  |  =  &8 

J 

s 

Mean  Kea 
Rcducec 
3a'  Fah 
Departure 
Average 
iSjear 

1 

1 

Aug. 

to.       In. 

^ 

^ 

'  1 » 

^ 

In. 

12 

29.77  4-aoi66.8 

46 .5 

20.356.3 

—  S9 

49.4 

77 

s.vv. 

0.00 

■3 

29.40  —0.3668.0 

56.0 

13.061.6 

—  0.6 

55-7 

81 

s.w. 

0.13 

■4 

2976  -0.01  6j. 153  S 

9.658.1 

—  3-9 

51. 1 

78 

N.W. 

0.00 

•S 

2i).)6  +0.1871.032  0 

19.0:60.8 

—  0.9 

54  7 

Si 

S.W. 

0.00 

16 

23  72  ,— 0.0665. o!56.o 

.0.06..0 

-   0.4 

SI. I 

71 

W.S.W. 

0.09 

17 

29.82  ,4-00364,531.4 

.3-.|S7.4 

-  3-8 

47.3 

63 

w.s.w. 

0.02 

18 

30.04  +0.2463.2,51.4 

-  3-3 

51.0 

78 

N.W. 

000 

Mean 

29.78      0.0045952.4 

■3.559.0 

—  2.7 

5t.S 

76 

K.W.  : 
S.W. 

0.22 

—Fine  day,  frequently  dull ;  fine  night. 

-Rain  early  in  morning  and  a  little  before  noon,  du 

till  after  5  P.M.,  then  fine. 
-Very  dull  till  3  f.M, ;  fine  afternoon,  sun  shining. 


Aug.  15. — A  very  fine  day  throughout. 

—  16. — Rain  early  in  morning,  a  fine  day  afterwards,  but 

generally  dull. 

—  17. — Fine  :  a  slight  shower  in  morning,  dull  generally. 

—  18. — Fine  day,  but  very  little  sunshine  :  maximum  tern. 

perature  took  place  late  in  the  afternoon  ;  fine 
night.    

London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  14,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.97  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.05  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  8th,  decreased  to  29.66  inches  by  I  p.m.  on 
the  10th,  increased  to  30.06  inches  by  the  morning  of 
the  1 2th,  decreased  to  29.53  inches  by  I  P.M.  on  the 
13th,  and  was  30.00  inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.89  inches,  being  0.07 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.05  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  75°'5  on  the  Sth  ;  on  the  loth 
the  highest  was  63°.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  67'. 3. 

The  lowest  temperatures  in  the  week  was  46**, 5  on 
the  12th  ;  on  the  Sth  the  lowest  was  62°.  4.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
54°.  6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
20°.3  on  the  12th  ;  the  smallest  was  9°.o  on  the  loth. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  12^.7. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  67°. 6  on  the 
Sih  ;  64°.7  on  the  gih  ;  59°,!  on  the  loth  ;  56°.9 
on  the  nth;  56°.3  on  the  I2lh ;  6i°.6  on  the 
I3lh;  and  58'.!  on  the  14th.  These  were  all  below 
their  averages,  with  the  exception  of  Sih  and  9ih, 
which  were  5''.6,  and  2''.^  above,  by  3°.o,  5°.3, 
S^'.g,  0^6,  and  3°. 9  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  6o°.7, 
being  o°.3  higher  than  last  week,  and  i°.7  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  i26°.o  on  the  9th.  The  mean  of  the  seven  read- 
ings was  I15°.4. 

Rain  fell  on  4  days  to  the  amount  of  0.64  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  14.  the  highest  temperatures  were  76".  2 
at  Bradford,  75^8  at  Cambridge,  and  75°.  5  at  Black- 
heath  ;  the  highest  at  Newcastle  was  67°,  at  Liver- 
pool 67°.  S,  and  at  Bristol  68°.  8.  The  general  mean 
was  7i°.8. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  43'  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, 45°.  3  at  Cambridge,  and  46^.5  at  Blackheath  ; 
the  lowest  at  Preston  was  52°,  at  Liverpool  5o°.8,  at 
Bradford,  Leeds,  and  Newcastle  50",  The  general 
mean  was  48°.  3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  30°.  5,  at 
Blackheath  29°,  and  at  Wolverhampton  28° ;  the 
least  ranges  were  17"  at  Liverpool  and  Newcastle, 
1 7°.  5  at  Preston.     The  general  mean  was  23°.  5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  70°. 5,  at  Brighton  69°.7,  and  at 
Tiuro  68°, I  ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle  63°.5,  at 
Liverpool  65°,  and  at  Sunderland  [65°.z.  The 
general  mean  was  66°.  7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  55°.4,  at  Truro  55°. 3,  and  at 
Brighton  55°.2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton 
49°,  I,  at  Cambridge  52°.!,  at  Nottingham  and  Sunder- 
land 52°. 5.     The  general  mean  was  53°.  3. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
18°. 4,  at  Wolverhampton  17°.  2,  and  at  Nottingham 
14°. 6  ;  and  was  least  at  Newcastle  I0°.2,  at  Bradford 
ii°.7,  at  Blackheath  and  Liverpool,  11°, 9.  The 
general  mean  was  I3°.4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath, 
60°. 9,  at  Brighton  60°.  7,  and  at  Truro  6o°,o  ;  and  was 
owest  at  Wolverhampton  56°. o,  at  Newcastle  56°.  7, 
and  at  Sunderland  57°.2.  The  general  mean  was 
S8°.4. 

Rain, — The  largest  rain  fall  was  1.93  inch  at 
Nottingham,  1.55  inch  at  Bristol,  1.22  inch  at  Truro 
and  Sheffield.  The  smallest  fall  was  0.17  inch  at 
Sunderland,  0.36  inch  at  Newcastle,  and  0.50  inch  at 
Preston.     The  general  mean  fall  was  0.88  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  14,  the  highest  temperature  was  69°o  at 
Perth,  the  highest  at  Greenock  was  64°.o,  The 
general  mean  was  66°,9. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  4i°5  at 
Perth  ;  at  Leith  the  lowest  was  47°.6.  The  general 
mean  was  45°.4. 


The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
57°.  6  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen  55°.  4.  The  general 
mean  was  56°.  5. 

A'ain.— The  largest  fall  was  0.97  inch  at  Glasgow, 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.45  inch  at  Dundee. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.63  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  August  16,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W. :  — The  weather  has  again  been  cool, 
changeable,  and  showery,  with  heavy  thunderstorms 
over  England  on  the  13th. 

The  temperature  has  been  uniformly  low  for  the 
lime  of  year,  the  deficit  from  the  mean  varying  from 
1°  in  "England,  N.E.,"  "England,  S  ,"  and  the 
Channel  Islands,  to  3°  in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  "  Eng- 
land, E.,"  and  "Ireland,  N."  Over  Scotland  and 
the  greater  part  of  Ireland  the  daily  maxima  have 
been  continuously  below  70°,  but  over  England  the 
thermometer  on  the  15th  and  i6ih  rose  to  73°  in 
"  England,  S.W.,"  74"  in  "  England,  E.,"  and  the 
Midland  Counties,  and  75°  in  "  England,  S." 
The  lowest  readings  which  were  recorded  on  different 
dates  in  the  various  districts,  ranged  from  35°  in 
"  Scotland,  N."  {at  Wick)  to  45'  in  "  England,  S.,' 
and  54°  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

The  rainfall  has  been  a  little  less  than  the  mean 
in  "  Scotland,  E.,"  and  about  equal  to  it  in  "  Eng- 
land, S.,"  but  more  in  all  other  districts,  the  excess 
being  greatest  in  "  Ireland,  S." 

Brii;hl  sunshine. — In  Ireland  and  the  southern  parts 
of  England  bright  sunshine  has  been  far  more  preva- 
than  it  was  last  week,  but  elsewhere  the  values  have 
been  lower.  The  percentages  of  the  possible  amount 
of  duration  have  ranged  from  21  in  "Scotland,  W." 
to  41  in  "  England,  E.,"  43  in  "  England,  S.,"  and 
55  in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  observed.— T)at'mz  this  period  the 
highest  pressures  have  been  usually  found  over  Spain 
and  France,  while  three  depressions  of  importance 
have  appeared  on  our  coasts.  The  lirst  of  these  was 
formed  over  the  English  Channel  on  the  night  of  the 
9th,  and  occasioned  a  good  deal  of  rain  over  our  south- 
eastern counties.  During  the  ensuing  forty-eight 
hours  the  system  gradually  became  deeper,  and  tra- 
velled first  in  a  north-easterly  direction  to  Den- 
mark, and  finally  in  a  north-north-westeily  direc- 
tion across  Norway  to  the  Atlantic.  The  second 
disturbance  —  one  of  diminishing  intensity  —  ad- 
vanced slowly  to  our  west  coasts  on  the  1 2th, 
and  subsequently  moved  outwards  across  Ireland 
and  England  to  the  North  Sea  and  the  Baltic,  where 
it  apparently  dispersed.  As  the  system  appeared 
fresh  southerly  gales  and  heavy  rain  were  lelt  on  many 
parts  of  our  western  coasts,  while  its  progress  across 
England  was  attended  by  thunderstorms.  The  third 
depression  appeared  to  the  north-westward  of  our 
islands  on  the  15th,  and  subsequently  moved  eastward 
across  the  north  of  Scotland.  On  our  western  coasts 
strong  winds  or  gales  from  south,  veering  to  west  and 
north-west,  were  experienced,  but  in  the  east  con- 
ditions were  not  materially  affected. 


'Our  Telegraphic  Address.— Oar  correspondents 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  our  Registered 
Telegraphic  Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London." 
Telegrams  (but  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will 
reach  the  Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other 
address  being  needed. 


Australian  Seeds  :  W.  D.  Wattle  is  the  name 
given  by  the  Australian  colonists  to  various  species  of 
Acacia,  mostly  large  trees  there.  Blackwood  of 
Australia  is  Acacia  melano.xylon.  Ti  is  the  native 
name  of  Dracasna  australis.  Dogwood  of  New  South 
Wales  is  Jacksonia  scoparia  ;  and  the  Victorian,  or 
Tasraanian,  is  Bedfordia  salicina.  The  Muskwood  of 
New  South  Wales  and  Tasmania  is  Eurybia  argo- 
phylla.  The  seeds  should  be  sown  now,  and  placed 
in  a  greenhouse,  and  the  pots  be  covered  with  a  piece 
of  slate.  They  will  be  long  in  vegetating  ;  some  will 
appear  next  spring,  and  others  may  keep  dormant  for 
a  year  or  two.    Do  not  hurry  them  in  heaL 


252 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  1886. 


Azalea  arborescens  :  W.  This  is  a  species  from 
the  Eastern  United  States,  producing  its  rosy,  fra- 
grant, not  sticky  flowers,  after  the  leaves.  We  do  not 
know  if  it  is  still  in  cultivation,  but  it  was  introduced 
many  years  ago.  There  is  no  figure  of  it  that  we  can 
find. 

Books  ;  J.  V.  V.  Fortune's  Two  Visih  to  the  Tea 
Countries  of  China  and  the  British  Tea  Plantations 
in  the  Himalaya  is  a  slightly  abridged  edition  of  the 
Wanderings  and  the  Journey  to  the  Tea  Countries.. 

Cucumber  Shoots  :  T.  G.  The  shoots  sent  have  all 
the  signs  on  them  of  having  been  gnawed  by  slugs, 
and  in  some  of  them  the  central  portions  have  been 
eaten  away.  The  minute  black  slugs  are  frequently 
troublesome  in  pits  and  frames  at  this  season.  Dust 
lime  over  the  soil  of  an  evening  ;  slight  sprinklings  of 
salt  are  efiicacious  ;  set  traps  of  sliced  Turnips,  Car- 
rots, or  place  Cabbage  leaves  about.  By  these  means 
you  will  catch  the  depredators. 

Errata.— In  report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
show  in  last  week's  number,  p.  216,  the  Certificate  for 
Hollyhock  Primrose  Gem  was  given  to  Mr.  |.  Blun- 
dell,  and  not  to  Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  as  there 
stated. — Also  in  Brackley  show  report,  p.  217,  for 
W.  L.  Bird,  Esq.,  read  Mr.  W.  L.  Bird,  gr.  to  A. 
Seymour,  Esq.,  Horton  Hall,  D.iventry. 

Grovvth'on  Rose  :  A.  B.  N.  Commonly  called  Robin's 
Pincushion.     It  is  the  work  of  an  insect,  Cynips  rosx. 

Laurels  :  G.  P.,  Abinger.  The  glands  you  speak  of 
are  like  those  of  the  Peach.  It  is  not  known  precisely 
of  what  use  they  are,  perhaps  a  means  of  getting  rid 
of  superfluous  matter,  as  you  say  ants  and  bees  are 
very  fond  of  the  sugary  juice. 

MARifcHAL  NiEL  RosE  :  C.  IV.  The  branch  has  tried 
to  form  a  flower,  but  has  altered  its  mind.  It  is  diffi- 
cult to  say  why  ;  probably  from  some  check  to  growth 
at  an  early  stage,  followed  by  renewed  activity  of 
growth.    Such  cases  are  not  uncommon. 

Mignonette  :  7.  D.  Nanscawen.  It  appears  to  be  a 
very  pure  strain  ol  Parsons'  White.  This  white  variety 
is  with  difficulty  procured  true,  and  is  rarely  met  with 
of  so  white  a  colour. 

Names  of  Plants  :  F.  G.  Tautz.  Stanhopea  insignis. 
— i'/>    Trevor  Lawrence.      Epidendrum  pentotis.  — 

D.  G.  1,  Agrimonia  Eupatoria ;  2,  Lotus  cornicu- 
latus  ;  3,  Saponaria  vaccaria  ;  4,  Epilobium  hirsutum  ; 
5,  Prunella  vulgaris  ;  6,  Spiraea  Ulmaria  ;  7,  Stellaria 
graminea  ;  8,  Myosotis  palustris  ;  9,  Aquilegia  Skin- 
neri  ;  10,  Centaurea  nigra  ;  11,  Stachys  silvatica  ;  12, 
Sison  Amomum.  Another  time  do  not  send  more 
than  si.\  specimens.— II' ;7i/  Floioer.  i.  Polygonum 
aviculare  (Knot-grass);  2,  Thlaspi  arvense ;  3,  Bartsia 
odontites.  —  Cork.  A  new  variety  of  Polystichum 
angulare,  which  may  be  called   ramo-varians,   M. — 

E.  S.  B.  Cattleya  bicolor.— G.  P.,  Tapton.  I, 
Linaria  vulgaris  ;  2,  Pulmonaria  officinalis  ;  3,  An- 
chusa  sempcrvirens. — J.  W.  i,  Ccanothus  azureus  ; 
2.  Achillea  ptarmica,  double-flowered  variety  ;  3. 
Spira:a  filipendula,  double-flowered  variety.— .fi.  C.  A'. 
I,  Brassia  guttata  ;  2,  Oncidium  Gardnerianum,  ap- 
proaching O.  prcete.xtuni  ;  3,  Calasetum  viridi-luteum  ; 
4.  probably  a  Sarcanthus.— 71/c«;m.  C.  Bros.  &"  G.  i, 
is  Chrysanthemum  uliginosum,  figured  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle,  Oct.  19,  1878  ;  2,  is  C.  raa.ximum. 
—G.  F.  G.  I  and  2,  .Scolopendrium  vulgare,  not  dis- 
tinguishable as  varieties ;  3,  Polystichum  angulare 
cristatum  ;  4,  P.  Lonchilis  ;  5,  Scolopendrium  vulgare 
polyschides  ;  6,  S.  vulgare  submarginale. 

Oak  :  G.  P.,  Abinger.  The  falling  of  the  branches  is 
a  kind  of  natural  pruning  often  seen  in  Oiks  and  in 
some  Conifers.  It  is  a  natural  process.  The  Apocy- 
naceous  plant  next  week. 

Rose  Her  Majesty  :  J.  H.  B.  This  is  a  summer 
Rose,  and  not  a  hybrid-perpetual.  Mr.  Bennett  did 
not  bring  it  out  as  belonging  to  the  latter  class,  but  as 
a  hybrid  Tea  ;  and  although  most  Teas,  and  hybrids 
from  them,  bloom  a  second  time  in  the  autumn,  or 
continue  blooming  all  through  the  season,  this  one 
does  not  do  so. 

Water  Weeu  :  T.  N.  The  weed  is  a  species  of 
Conferva,  which  you  will  find  it  very  difficult  to 
extirpate.  If  you  could  cover  over  the  water,  so  as  to 
keep  it  entirely  in  the  dark,  you  would  prevent  the 
growth,  otherwise  there  is  no  other  means  of  destroy- 
ing it  without  fouling  the  water,  save  by  raking  it  out. 
A  stout  wire  netting,  or  grating,  might  be  of  some  use 
in  preventing  the  accumulation  near  the  pipe. 

*,*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  a.nd  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  — Letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

^"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
OHice.  Drury  Lane,  London.  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Hol- 

loway— Bulbs,  Fruit  Trees,  Roses. 
J.  R.  Thynne,  83,  Sl  Vincent  Street,  Glasgow— Bulbs. 
W.  Drummond  &  Sons,  Stirling— Bulbs. 


TiLLOTSON  &  Sons,  Fiction  Bureau,  Eiininf  News 
Office,  Bolton — Circular. 

JAS.  Dickson  &  Sons,  32,  Hanover  Street,  Edinburgh 
—Bulbs. 

Haage  &  Schmidt,  Erfurt— Bulbs. 

The  Liverpool  Horticultural  Company  (John 
Cowan),  Limited,  Garston,  Liverpool— Bulbs. 

Alex.  Dickson  &  Sons,  55,  Royal  Avenue,  Belfast- 
Bulbs. 

R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  17.  Frederick  Street,  Edinburgh 
—Bulbs. 

Laing  &  Co..  Forest  Hill,  S.E.— Bulbs,  Culinary  Roots. 
Seeds  for  Autumn  Sowing. 

Jeyes,  43.  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.G.- Disinfectants, 
and  Moss,  Worm,  Fungus,  and  Insect-destroying 
Compounds. 

Kent  &  Brydon,  Darlington — Bulbs,  Roses,  &c, 

Damman  &  Co.,  San  Giovanni  a  Teduccio,  Naples- 
Grass,  Vegetable,  and  Flower  Seeds. 

W.  P.  Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee— Bulbs. 


J.    George,    10,    Victoria   Road,  Putney  —  Mushroom 

Spawn  and  Garden  Requisites. 
S.  Mahood  &  Son,  r,  Werter  Road,  Putney,  S.W.— 
Bulbs  and  Spring  Flowers. 


Communications  Received  :  -Professor  Kanit?,  Kolosvar. — 
J.  J.  P.— W  G.— C.  S.  S— A.  W.— W.  N. -L.  W.-J.  II. 
&  J.  B.-W.  B.  H,-A.  P.— Messrs.  Sulton-J.  Boolh, 
Beilin.— J.  M.— T.  N.— T.  B.-A.  D.  &  Sons.-l..  W.-P. 
B.  (many  thanks)._A  C.  (nothing  enclosedj.-f,.  Dyke  (ne.vt 
week).— F.  G.  R.— J.  W.  M.— J.  B.— De  B.  C— T.  B.-A. 
D.  -  J.  p.— J. -Sanitary  Company.— W.  Swan  (will  notice 
the  (lowers  next  week). 


larKets. 


COVENJ    GARDEN,    August   19. 

[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.   Ed.] 

Market  dull,  with  heavy  supplies  of  hard  fruit  ;  soft 
iruit  nearly  over.  Large  consignments  of  Grapes  and 
Tomatos  from  the  Channel  Islands  meeting  with  short 
demand.  Janus  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Price 


Apples.  K-sieve 
Cherries,  J^-sie\ 
Currants,  J^-siei 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Filberts,  p 
Lemons,  per  cas 


Melons,  ench  . .  i  o  ■  2  o 

Peaches,  per  dozen...  2  o-io  o 

Pears,  per  dozen     ..  10-16 

Pine-apples, Eng.,  lb.  20-30 

—  St.  Michael,  each  2  &-  8  o 

Plums,  J^-sieve      ..  16-26 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  4  c 
Aubergines,  each  --  o  ; 
Beaui.,  Kidney,  lb...  o  < 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  c 
Carrots,  per  bunch . .  o  ( 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  3  ( 
Celery,  per  bundle..  1  ( 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  o  ( 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  i  < 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o  - 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  o  ; 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.*  i  c 
POTAT 

Kidn' 


Mint,  green,  bunch  04-.. 
Mushrooms,  punnet  16-26 
MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-,. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..  40-50 
„  kidney,  per  cwt  40-50 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-09 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  09-  ., 
Turnips,  bunch  . .  06-  . . 
Veget.  Mar.,  each.,  o  3-  .. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Balsams,  per  dozen  30-60 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  ..  12  0-18  o 
Calceol.irias,  pe'  doz.  40-80 
Cockscombs,  dozen  30-60 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracana  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  30  0-60  o 
—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  a-24  o 
Euonymus, 


per  dozen  . . 
Evergreens,  \i 

per  dozen  . . 
Ficus  elastica 


.,  6  0-18  o 
dozen  4  o-iB  o 


Foliage  Plants,  va 

Fuchsias,  dozen 
Gladioli,  12  pots 
Hydrangeas,  doz. 


Li  lie 


Lobelias,  per  dozen  3  o-  4  < 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-12  ' 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  o-  6  < 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  < 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  < 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  0-12  < 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  o-  6  < 
Petunias,  dozen  ..  2  o-  6  < 
Rhodanthes,  dozen . .  6  o-  9  ( 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  i2blms. 
Asters.  12  blooms  .. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 


bunches     ..  ..  : 

Eucharis,   per  dozen  ; 


Myoi 


bun. 


Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays.,  i  o- 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o  6- 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  6- 
Lapageria.red.  12  bl.  1  o- 
Lavender,  12  bun.  ..30- 
Lilium  longiflorum, 
12  blooms ..         ..40- 


Marpierites, 

bunches     . 

Mignonette, 

Pelargonium 


.per  I 


—  scarlet,  12  trusses  o  3-  < 
Pyrethrums.  12  bun.  z  o-  . 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6  o-  ( 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.   o  g-  : 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  o  o- 

—  outdoor,  iz  bun.  2  o-  ( 
Stephanocis,  12  spy s.  i  6-  ; 
Sweet  Peas,  iz  bun.  1  6-  ; 
Sweet  Sultan,  12  bun,  3  o-  . 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun.  i  o-  : 
Tuberoses,  12  blma..  o  4-  < 


SEEDS. 

London  :  August  i8.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report  that 
there  is  a  fair  trade  doing  in  the  seeds  wanted  for  autumn 
sowing.  New  English  Trifolium,  both  early  and  late, 
continues  in  favour,  and  the  recently  enhanced  figures 
are  easily  obtained.  Sowing  white  Mustard  remains 
firm,  and  orders  received  of  course  still  further  reduce 
the  already  limited  stocks.  New  Rye,  Rape,  and  winter 
Tares  are  now  offering  at  very  reasonable  figures.  Itahan 
Rye-grass,  on  account  of  its  extremely  low  price  is 
bought  for  speculation.  There  is  more  inquiry  for 
white  Millet.  Hemp  and  Canary  seed  are  dull  and 
neglected. 

CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Aug  i6.  —  English,  Russian,  and 
Indian  Wheats  were  held  at  6d.  to  is.  above  the  rates  of 
this  day  week  ;  they  were  not,  however,  in  all  cases 
realised.  The  top  price  of  English  white  Wheat  was 
quoied  37J.  6d.;  and  red,  351.  6d,  Flour,  both  EngUsh 
and  American,  whilst  not  a  quick  sale,  was  rather  dearer. 
Barley,  Beans,  and  Peas  brought  full  prices.  Oats  have 
not  arrived  so  largely,  and  good  qualities  were  in  some 
cases  ^d.  dearer,  but  inferior  remain  dull  of  sale,  though 
all  are  firmly  held.  Some  English  new  winter  Oats  weie 
shown,  averaging  43  lb,  per  bushel. 

Au^.  18. — There  has  been  very  little  change  in  the 
trade  since  Monday.  The  provincial  markets  continue 
generally  firm  for  Wheats,  but  quiet.  Here  to-day  there 
was  a  moderate  attendance,  and  only  a  limited  inquiry 
for  any  kind  of  grain.  The  supply  of  English  Wheat 
was  light,  and  of  foreign  moderate.  Both  were  firmly 
held  at  Monday's  rates,  and  in  some  cases  rather  more 
required.  Flour  steady  in  value,  but  without  much 
trade.  Barley,  Beans,  and  Peas  showed  steady  value. 
There  have  been  large  arrivals  of  Oats,  but  prices  were 
well  upheld. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  August  14  : 
— Wheat,  32i.  6d. ;  Barley,  23J.  \od. ;  Oats,  20J.  2d,  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  33F.  id.  ', 
Barley,  24T.  loii^. ;  Oats,  au.  iid. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  August  18.  —  Good 
supplies  of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables.  Trade  fair  at 
following  quotations : — Pears,  2s.  gd.  to  3?.  gd.  per 
sieve  ;  Apples,  35.  6d.  to  4s.  6d.  do.  ;  Green  Gages, 
31.  to  4J.  per  half  sieve  ;  Orleans  Plums,  2s.  6d.  to 
31.  6d.  do.  :  Egg  do  2s.  to  2j.  gd.  do.  ;  black  Currants, 
2j.  3^.  to  2i.  91/.  do.  ;  Scarlet  Beans,  is,  6rf.  to  2s.  6d. 
per  sieve  ;  French  do. .  is.  gd.  to  2s.  gd.  do. ;  Peas,  2s.  to 
3^.  per  sack  ;  best  do. ,  2s.  6d.  to  31.  6d.  per  sieve  ; 
Cabbages,  2s.  to  4s.  6d.  per  tally  ;  bunch  Greens,  3^. 
to  4s.  do.  ;  bunch  Carrots,  4s.  to  5^.  6d.  do. ;  Turnips, 
2s.  to  2J.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Onions,  2s.  to  3^.  do,; 
Parsley,  is.  to  2s.  do.  ;  Mint,  2s.  to  3.?.  do. 

Stratford:  August  17. — The  supplies  have  been, 
good,  and  a  brisk  trade  was  done  at  the  undermentioned 
prices  : — Cabbages,  2s.  to  3s.  per  tally  ;  Cauliflowers, 
IS.  6d.  to  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  is.  to  is.  6d.  per 
dozen  bunches  ;  Carrots,  household,  4s.  to  12s,  do.  ; 
Onions,  2s.  6d.  to  3^.  do.  ;  Apples,  2s.  to  31.  per  half 
bushel  ;  Watercress,  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Marrows,  is.  to 
IS.  3*/.  do.  ;  Cucumbers,  is.  to  i.(.  6d.  do.  ;  Scarlet 
Runners,  2s.  gd.  to  31.  per  bushel  ;  Plums,  2s.  gd.  to 
35.  per  half-sieve  ;  Pears,  best,  45.  6d,  to  $s,  do.  ;  in- 
terior, 2s.  6d.  to  4J.  do.  ;  black  Currants,  2s.  6d.  to 
3^.  per  half-sieve  ;  Green  Gages,  2s.  6d.  to  y.  per  flat ; 
Damsons,  35.  to  3^.  6d.  per  half-sieve. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Aug.  17.— Supplies 
are  fully  adequate  to  the  demand,  which  runs  princi- 
pally on  the  best  samples.  Quotations  : — Essex  Regents, 
gos.  to  110s.;  Essex  Shaws,  70J.  to  8or. ;  Early  Roses, 
JOS.  to  80s.  ;  Hebrons,  yos.  to  gos.  ;  Jersey  kidneys, 
looj.  to  i2os.\  and  Jersey  flukes,  looi.  to  iios.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Aug.  18. — Quotations  :— 
Regents,  65?.  to  Sos^. ;  Magnums,  60s.  to  Sos.  ;  Victorias, 
6ss.  to  855.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Aug.  17. — Quotations  : — Early  Rose. 
$$s.  to  60s. ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  6ar.  to  65J.  ;  rounds, 
50J.  to  60s. ;  kidneys,  yos.  to  Boj.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  Imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  only  30  bags  from  Rotterdam. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Aug  17. — The  supplies  were  very 
large,  with  a  fair  inquiry  for  old  stuffs,  new  being  very 
unsaleable  in  consequence  of  the  showery  weather. 
Quotations  :  —  Clover,  prime,  905.  to  ioSj.  ;  inferior, 
70j^.  to  85J.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  q2j.  ;  interior,  45J.  to 
651.  ;  and  straw,  26s,  to  371.  per  load. 

Aug.  19. — There  was  a  fair  supply  on  offer.  The  trade 
was  very  dull  at  late  prices. 

Stratford  :  Aug.  17. — Quotations  : — Hay,  Bar.  to 
looi.  ;  Clover,  gos.  to  iooj.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  351.  per 
load. 

Qovemment  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  101^  to  loii  for  both  deHvery  and  the  account.  On 
Tuesday  and  Wednesday  the  figures  were  loi  to  ioi|  for 
delivery,  and  loij'g  to  ioi.f\  for  the  account.  Thurs- 
day's final  quotations  were  ioo\  to  loi  for  delivery,  and 
xoo|a  to  loii'g  for  the  accoimt. 


August  21,  ii86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


253 


Now  Ready,  Part  XIII.,  loj.  id., 

FLORA  of  BRITISH   INDIA,  by  Sir  J.  D. 
Hooker,  C.B.,  K.C.S.I.,  assisted  by  various  Botanists. 
L.  REEVE  AND  CO.,  5,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


BOULTON    &    FAUI.,    KOBWICH. 


No.  74  —Three-quarter  Span-roof  Gardeo  Frame. 

C;  sh  Prices— Carriage  faid.  Price.        Packing  Ca^e. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  £,a,  12  6  ..  5J.  (Allowed  in 
12  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  5  o  ..  6j.  -J  full  if  red. 
16  feet  luDg  ..  6  fett  wide     ..        8     o  o     ..     7;.  (  car.  paid. 

These  Frames  are  13  inches  high  in  front,  24  inches  high  at  the 
back,  and  33  inches  at  the  ridge.  Front  or  back  lights  turn 
over.  Set-opes  are  provided  for  ventilating.  All  painted  lour 
coats  of  best  oil  colour.  The  lights  are  glazed  with  21-oz.  English 
(•lass.    Carriage  paid  to  most  Railway  stations  In  England  and 

Wales.  

GreenbOUSeS  suitable  for  Villas,  Small  Country  Houses,  &c. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  applicauoo. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted : — 

b  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free  j^^  i5  o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  „  „  „  4  15  o 
6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  „         „  3  15     o 

la  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,  „         »»  .     •(         6  10    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  m. 


B.      HALIilDAY     &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


TCLftSSHOFSESScttEATWG: 


BW-WA-Rf^U-RST 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROV,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary, 

LASCELLES"  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  m  various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

lar,  Buniull  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


w 


ARNER'S   GARDEN   ENGINES 

WATER  BARROWS 


and 


are  of  the  best   Materials,   Strengih  and   Construction,  m  a 

variety  of  sizes  and  forms.     Perfectly  reliable.     Special  Prize 

Medals  have  been  awarded  for  this  class  of  Machinery  to  Jno. 

Warner  &  Sons,  at  Exhibitions  held  at  Calcutta,  Nice,  London, 

Vienna,  Arnheim,  Mayence,  Brabant,  Biussels,  &c.  :  and  Two 

Silver  Medals  awarded  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

Manufacturers  of  Garden  Syringes,  Fountains,  &c. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  upon  application  to 

JOHN  WARNER  and  SONS,  Hydraulicand  Horlicultural 

Engineers,  The  Crescent  Foundry.  Cripplegate,  E.C.  ;  and  the 

Foundry  Work?,  Walton-on-the-Naze,  E>sex.      To  be  obtained 

0/  cz'ety  I  ran  fnonger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 

THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  41.  yi.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  (yd.  each. 
Full  Illuitraied  Reused  Price  List  on  ai>filitration, 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

(lae    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Established  Haifa  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, stipplv  the  purest  Anthracite  fir  Horticultural  purpose^. 
COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
London  Offlcea    and   Depot.  3,    Mileage  station, 

Paddington,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co.  will  be  pleased  to  fu^ni^h 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  he  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  Re'erences  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


ROBher's  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


1HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made    in    materials    of    great    durability.      The 

plainer    sorts  are  specially 

suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 

GARDENS,  as  th«y  hai- 

bour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 

t^lce  up  little    room,  and, 

once    put    down,  incur  no 

further   labour  or  expense, 

"grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 

very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  desieij 

F.    ROSHER   AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Upper    Ground 

Street,    Blackfriars,    S.E.  ;      King's    Road,    Chetea,    S.W.  ; 

Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "  ACME  "  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  ■  alst! 
for  FOXLEVS  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS.  ■neLi.L. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  far  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  ail  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Ceraeut,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO..  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I      L 


V     E 

;  grain  as 


R  SAND, 

desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 


or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  suppUed  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B,— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  Uboal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


BOULTON  &   PAUL,    NORWICH. 


LAWN  WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powerful  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 

This  implement  is  most 
useful  in  large  gardens  :  is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread* 
er  for  distributing  water  or 
liquid  manure.  Waterpots 
and  pails  can  be  filled  when 
the  spreader  is  not  in  use. 

Cash  Price— Carriage  Paid. 

Complete  (sigalls.)  £5  101. 


IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No.  66  for  200  ft.  J^in.  tubing  ..  los.  td. 
No.  67  for  2CO  ft.  5f,-in.  tubing  ..  izr.  6rf, 
No.  68  for  200  ft.  '4-in.  tubing  ..  151.  od. 

Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


Prices. 

18  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  /:,  ,2,. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  w,lh  Cilva- 
nised  Steel  Tank,  /j. 

36-gall.  Bairjw,  with  Oak 
Tub,  Jit  2 J. 

,r/:    ,/  GAR  DEW   l.UPLBMEXTS 
iiut  free  on  apfilicatwn. 


BOTJLTON    &    PAUL,     NORWICH. 

FAWKES'  Slow  combus- 
tion  HEATING  APPARiMUS 
—Most  efficient  and  cheapest  in  ex 
istence.  Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention  Will  burn  ho  ise 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel  Any  one  can  fix  IL  A  do- 
mestic ierz'ant  can  stoke  it 

Boilers  Delivered  Carriage  Paid 
tram  £2  lOs 


CROMPTON    «&    FAWKES, 

CHELMSFORD. 


The   Original  and   only   Genuine 
Trenthanfi  Riveted  Boiler. 

Becently  Improved  and  Beduced  in  Fricei 

Also  Makers  of  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  for  Heating. 


HOX-WATEK     PIPES    AND     FITTINGS 

of  every  description  for  Heating  Apparatus. 
THE    LARGEST    STOCK    IN    THE    KINGDOM. 


FB,ED.  SIIiVESTEB,  Castle  HUl  Foundry, 
Newcastle,  StafTordsliire. 


254 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  21,  1886. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINS. 


Head  Line  charged  as 

two. 

4  Lines. 

■  fp 

^ 

0 

15  Lines. 

j:o  8 

5     „    . 

.  0 

1 

6 

16 

•  0  9 

6     „    . 

.  0 

4 

0 

17 

•  0  9 

7     ,,    . 

.  0 

4 

6 

18 

.  0  10 

8     „    . 

.  0 

=; 

0 

19 

.  0  10 

9     »    . 

.  0 

■; 

6 

20 

.  0  II 

10     „    . 

.  0 

6 

0 

21 

.  0  II 

11     „    . 

.  0 

6 

6 

22 

.  0  12 

12     „    . 

.  0 

7 

0 

23 

.  0  12 

13     „    . 

.  0 

7 

6 

24 

•  0  13 

14     „    . 

.  0 

S 

0 

25 

.  0  13 

li  set  across  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30X. 

If  set  across  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40s. 

Page  ..         ..  „         ..  ;C9     o     o 

Half  Page  ..         ..  «         ..500 

Column        -.350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  js.  6d.,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices^  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autJwrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week   must  reach  iht  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The    United   Kingdom:    12   Months.   £\   3s.   lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6S. 

Foreign   CexceDtine    India   and    China) :    includine    Postage, 

£1  €S.  (or  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  8a.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

W.C..  to  W.  Richards, 

Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  London.  W.C. 


INVENTORIES     GOLD    MEDAL. 

The  only  one  awarded  Jar  English  Watches! 


BENSON'S 

(NEW  PATENT,  No.  465S) 

"LUDGATE"    WATCH. 


£5  5s. 


£12  12s. 


The   "Ludgate  Watcli     is  an  Enellah  Lever  for 
Rough  Wear,  of  my  best  lomdon  make, 

"Special  Strength"  Three-quarter  Plate  Movement. 

y eivellcd  throufrhout  in  ruiims  —  true  Chtottonteter  balance— 
adjitsted  for  extremes  of  temperature  with  damp  and  dust, 
proof  patent  rin^-band,  and  extended  barrel — masnve  dome 
cases,  crystal  glass.     Winds,  set  /lands  and  opens  at  back. 

An  Ilhistrated  and  Priced  Book,  explaining  the  advantages 
of  this  Watch,  sent.  Post-free  on  application  to 

J.  W.  BENSON, 

Watchmaker    to   the    Queen.    THE    STEAM     FACTORY, 

Ludgate  Hill,  E.C.  ;   28,  Royal  Exchange,  E.G.; 

And  25,  Old  Bond  Street,  W.,  London. 


Accidents  of  Daily  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1,000.000.       Income  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid    for    112,000    Accidents,    /a. 215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway  Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Kitel  Buildings,  W.C  ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  Cornhill.  London,  EC. 
_^ WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 

E     P      P      S  ^  S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

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TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
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THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

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COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

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THE 

TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST, 

A   MONTHLY   RECORD    OF    INFORMATION 
FOR   PLANTERS 

Of  Tea,  Cacoa,  Cinchona,   CoJ^-c,   I ndiaruhher,  Su^ar,  Palms, 

Cotton,  Cardamoins.  Kola,  Coca.  Cinnamon,  Nutmegs, 

Fibrous  Plants,  and  other  Products  suited 

/or  Cultivation  in  the  Tropics. 

Published  at  Observer  Office,  Colombo,  Ceylon,  on  or  about  the 

ist  of  each  Month.      Commenced  in  June,  1881.] 

The  "  TfioncAL  Agriculturist"  has  now  an  assured 
position  in  iis  large  circulation  in  Ceylon,  Southern  and  even 
Central  and  Northern  India,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Sumatra, 
Java,  Borneo,  Northern  Australia,  Queensland,  Central 
America,  Natal,  Mauritius,  and  the  West  Indies.  From  all 
sub-tropical  planting  settlements  we  have  had  cordial  approval 
of  the  publication  and  an  encouraging  measure  of  support.  The 
English,  Indian,  and  Colonial  Press  have  spoken  in  commenda- 
tory terms  of  the  T.  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardens 
from  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  F.R.S.,  downwards,  and  so  have  all 
Planters.         ^^  ^^  Planter  should  be  without  it. 

Rates  of  Subscription,  including  Postage,  in  advance : 

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Single  Copies.  2J.,  or  Ri  ;  Back  Copies,  3^-.,  or  Rt.50. 

Any  one  of  the   Four  Volumes  completed  (1881-2,    1882-3, 

1883-4.   1884-5).    bound  in  cloth,  lettered,  with  Comprehensive 

Index,  for  ^'i  lo^.  (or  R18),  carriage  prepaid. 

THE    TROPICAL   AGRICULTURIST. 

As  a  medium  for  English,  American,  and  Australian 
ADVERTISEMENTS  of  goods  suitable  for  the  tropics,  India 
as  well  as  Ceylon,  the  Straits  Settlements  Java,  and  West 
Indies  (Central  America  being  included  in  that  term),  or 
connected  with  agriculture,  the  Ttopical  Agriculturist  stands 
unrivalled,  the  work  being  constantly  in  the  hands  of  Native 
as  well  as  European  and  American  Agriculturists.  Being  a 
Monthly  Periodical  the  Tropical  Agriculturist  lies  on  the 
table  and  is  very  often  referred  to  during  each  month,  a  fact 
which  Advertisers  will  know  how  to  appreciate. 

Mr.  W,  T.  Thiselton  Dyer.  F.L.S.,  C.M.G.,  Director  of 
Kew  Gardens,  writing  of  the  T.  v4.,  refers  to  it  as  "  an  astonishing 
repertory  of  everything  relating  to  the  Economic  Botany  of 
the  East.'' 

^^  For  the  Sale  of  Plants,  Seeds.  Machinery,  Implements 
&c.,  used  in  Tropical  (Tea,  Sugar,  Fibres,  &c.)  Agriculture 
no  better  Advertising  Medium  exist';. 

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Or  Agents  in  all  parts  of  the  World. 


REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review)— 12th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard.  E.  Andre',  C.  baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Cr(?pin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas.  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  of  every  month, 
in  Part.s  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  nvimerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  : — One  year, 
14^.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT 
Ghent. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a   Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  sl\  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  '^^  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Heraid 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F  Burve- 
nich, F.  Paynaert.  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  lor.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

T)  C.  POWELL,  Powderham,  Exeter,   begs 

-L^  •     to  inform  applicants  for  the  Foreman's  situation  vacant 
last  week,  that  it  is  NOW  FILLED  UP. 


AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINK,  Totten- 
•  ham  Nurseries,  Dederasvaart.  near  Zvolle,  Nether- 
lands, begs  to  intimate  that  he  has  a  few  VACANCIES  fcr 
YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  his 
Tuition  in  Practical  and  Theoretical  Horticukuie.  Botany, 
Botanical  Terminology.  Landscape  Gardening,  Book-keeping, 
Commercial  Correspondence  in  Dutch.  German,  French  and 
English.-Reference  to  Mr.  TH.  S.  WARE,  The  Hale  Farm 
*"'  i,  Tottenham,  near  London, 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER.  One 
who  is  a  first-class  Peach  and  Grape  Grower  •  also 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  well  up  in  all  branches  — 
C.  KERSHAW,  Slead  Syke  Nurseries,  Brighouse,  Vorlcshir'e. 

ANTED,     Married    WORKING    GAR^ 

DENER ;  b3th  must  understand  the  Management  of 
Poultry  thoroughly  ;  i8s.  a  week,  cottage  and  vegetables  — 
K.  West  Hall,  Byfleet,  Surrey. 

YyANTED,  a  SECOND   GARDENER,  to 

»  »  take  charge  of  Ghss  :  married  man  without  family. 
Wages  1 8 J.,  with  cottage,  firing,  milk  and  vegetables.— M.  R. 
DIXON,  Searles  Fletching,  near  Uckfield. 


VyANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 

'»  practical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroughly  understands 
Market  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  active 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men' 
Highest  references  required.— Apply  in  the  first  instance  slat- 
ing age,  experience,  salary,  and  full  particulars,  tj  W.  W.  J.' 


.  Hu 


t  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants,  153,  Houndsditch,  E." 


WANTED,  an  energetic  e.xperienced 
WORKING  FOREMAN,  for  a  medium-sized 
Retail  Scotch  Nursery.  Must  be  thoroughly  up  to  Rearing 
Forest  and  Ornamenial  Trees  and  Shrubs  ;  and  also  Green- 
house, Stove,  and  other  Plants.  —  State  experience,  age  and 
wages  expected,  with  house,  to  W.  F.,  Gardeners  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  an  energetic  and  practical 
WORKING  FOREMAN,  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER  for  Market,  and  Cut  Flowers  in  quantity.  Well  up 
in  Bouquets,  Wreaths  and  Crosses.  None  need  apply  that  can- 
not produce  characters  as  to  sobriety  and  ability,  and  accus- 
tomed to  the  Nursery  Trade.  Married  man  preferred.— 
Stale  wages  and  particulars,— W.  TROUGHfON,  Nursery- 
man, Preston. 

WANTED,  in  a  Market  Nursery,  a  com- 
petent Man.  as  PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of 
Soft  wooded  Plants  and  Cut  Flowers  for  Market.— State  wages 
and  full  particulars  to  E.  C.  CARNALL,  Florist,  Barkby 
Thorpe,  near  Leicester. 


MANAGING  SHOPMAN,  with  view  to  an 
early  PARTNERSHIP,  in  a  young  but  rapidly  grow- 
ing  Seed  and  Florist  Business  in  the  North.— Apply  wilJi  full 
particulars  to  B.  P.  I. ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Welling- 


iStr. 


,  Strand,  W.C. 


w 


Ch, 


ANTED,    a  SHOPMAN,  principally  for 

the  Seed  Trade.  Must  be  experienced,  and  with  first- 
.tin.onials.— Apply,  within  four  days,  to  BOX,  Gardeners' 
-Ic  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED  AT   ONCE,   an   ASSISTANT 

_,  T  .  SHOPMAN,  about  17  or  18.  for  a  large  first-class 
Florist  s  and  Seed  Shop.  Must  have  some  knowledge  of  Plants, 
fair  idea  of  making  up  Flowers,  good  address  aud  character 
indispensable.  Every  chance  to  learn  the  business  thoroughly, 
being  under  Working  Manager.— Slate  all  parliculars  and 
salary  expected  to  ARTHUR  BOOTY  and  CO.,  Harrogate 


Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 
TyANTED,   a   smart  young    MAN,  with  a 

»  »  good  practical  knowledge  of  the  combined  Trade,  to 
Travel,  filling  up  his  time  otherwise  when  not  on  journey  — 
Address,  slating  age,  experience,  where  at  present  employed, 
salary,  and  all  particulars,  TRAVELLER,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  WelUngton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


AUGDST  21,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


255 


T;57'ANTED,  BOOK-KEEPER  and  clerk 

VV  for  Nursery  Offi:e;  must  be  well  recommended  — 
Apply,  wllh  testimonials,  to  IMRIEand  COMPANY.  Nur- 
series,  Ayr. 

WANTED,   a  JUNIOR   COUNTER 
HAND  :    an.   per  week.— Apply.    12,   King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

MB. — Tlie  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.^ln  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  hames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

KICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
bes  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be    able   to  supply  any   Lady  or   Gentleman  with 


.  Worcester. 


particulars,  &c. — St.  John  s  Nurs 

T^O     LANDED    PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
McTntvrh  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake   Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.     Plans  prepared. 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144.  Princes  Street,  Edin. 
burgh,  his  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  "  '  "      . 


.vorthy  and  competent  Gardei 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men.  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  sand  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  difTerent  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  108.  High  Street,  Dumfries,  N.B. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. 
—  First-class  in  all  branches.     Excellent  character  ;  active 
and  industrious.— A.B.CHAMBERLAIN,  Baker, Twickenham. 

To  the  Nobility  and  Gentry. 

GARDENER     (Head).  —  Married,     four 
children  ;    thoroughly    experienced    in    all   branches. — 
GEORGE  ELLIS,  4,  Peel  Road,  Carlton  Road,  Kilburn,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  36,  married, 
one  child  (aged  8)  :  leaving  through  place  changing 
hands.  Excellent  references  as  to  character  and  abiliiy.— 
GARDENER,  Chelsworth  Hall,  Ipswich,  Suffolk. 

r\  ARDENER     (Head).  —  Eighteen    years' 

VJ  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Leav- 
ing through  death.  Seven  years'  good  character.  Highly  re- 
commended.—J.  BUSS,  The  Gardens,  Parkside,  Ewell,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  several  are 
kept. — Age  30,  no  family  ;  experienced  in  all  branches. 
Good  references.— A.  B.,  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Regent's 
Park,  N.W. 

4.ARDENER  (Hf.ad),  where  two  or  three 

others  are  kept. — Age  38,  married,  no  family  ;  compe- 
n  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Good  characters  from  pre- 
and  previous  employers.— A.  SAUNDERS,  Halse  House, 
Taunton,  Somerset 


G 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  40,  married  ; 
thoroughly  trained  and  experienced  in  all  branches  ; 
first-class  testimonials  and  references.  Eight  years  m  last 
.Mtuation.— WARNER,  i6,  Clayton  Street,  Kennington  Park. 
London,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 
Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey,  SuTtey,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in 
present  situation. —  For  further  particulars  please  address  above. 


(^  ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29,  married 
7  when  suited.— R.  Hubbard,  The  Gardens,  Ru'-hton 
Hall,  Kettering,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man  ;  fifteen  years* 
experience  in  good  establishments.  Excellent  references  from 
past  and  present  employers. 


GARDENER  (He\d).— Age  27  ;  thoroughly 
practical  in  all  branches.  Three-and-a-half  years  with 
present  employer.  Excellent  character.— W.  HARDING, 
The  Gardens,  Rivermead  House.  Sunbury,  Middlesex. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age"^  married; 
seeks  re-engagement.  Ten  years'  good  character  for 
trustworthiness.  Thoroughly  understands  all  kinds  of  Garden- 
ing, also  Management  of  Glass  ;  has  had  great  experience 
during  the  last  lO  years  in  Laying-out  New  Pleasure  Grounds. 
—J.  W..  The  Lodge,  Rockshaw,  Meritham,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Head).— jTwrMlLLsTfifteen 

and  a  half  years'  Head  Gardener  to  the  Right  Honourable 
Lord  Digby,  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or 
Gentleman  requiring  the  same.  Can  be  well  recommended  by 
present  employer.  Well  up  in  General  Work.— MIN  lEKN. 
Cerne,  Dorchester. 

C~i  ARDENER  (Head),  where  several  others 
J  are  kept  ;  age  j3.— Mr.  J.  Millard.  Head  Gardener  to 
the  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts,  Holly  Lodge,  Highgate.  N., 
would  be  pleased  to  recommend  F.  W.  Russell,  his  late  Fore- 
man, to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  as  above. — For  further  parti- 
culars, please  apply  as  above;  or  to  F.  W.  RUSSELL,  i, 
Osborne  Villas,  Felix  Road,  Ealing,  W. 

ARDENER    (Head),  age   30— G.   Prit- 

CHARD,  Welbeck  Gardens.  Worksop,  offers  his  services 
to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  as  above  ;  sixteen  years' 
thorough  practical  experience  in  Cultivating  Fruit,  Flowers, 
and  Vegetables;  also  Table  and  House  Decoration.  Three 
ind  a  half  years  Foreman  in  present  situation  ;  confidently 
ecommended.  Previously  at  Croxteth,  Mentmore.  and  Tort- 
Moderate  wages  expected. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35, 
married  ;  thorough  knowledge  in  all  branches  ;  Land  and 
Stock  if  required.  Five  years'  character.  —  A.  J.,  x,  Eliza 
Cottages,  Homerton  Terrace,  South  Hackney,  E. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  37  ; 
understands  Eatly  and  Late  Forcing  ;  good  Plant 
Grower.  Twenty  years'  practice.  Can  have  excellent  references 
and  character.  — H.TILBQRV.  Hillside  Grove,  Southgate,  N. 


GARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Middle- 
aged,  married,  one  child  ;  thoroughly  understands  Early 
and  Late  Forcing  of  all  kinds  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  Vegetables, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good  character. -A.  B.,  18, 
Welham  Street.  Grantham. 

GARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Age  Z3, 
married  :  understands  the  Cultivation  ol  Choice  Fruiis 
and  Flowers  under  glass,  also  Flower,  Fruit  and  Kitchen 
Garden^.     Nine  years  in  present  situation.     Characit 


the 

heath,  Kent. 


tigatit 


-G.  W.,    t6.  Camden  Row,  Black- 


C GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING,  &C).— A 
T  married  couple  desire  a  situation  in  a  good  establish- 
ment :  to  reside  in  the  house -man  as  Head  Working  Gardener 
where  others  are  empbyed— wife  as  Cook,  or  Cook-house- 
keeper.    Understarids  dairy  and  baking  :  age  35  and  33  — S 


B.i 


1  Hill,  S  W. 


/•:j.ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

vj  or  more  are  kept.— A  bonus  of  Z3  wi'l  be  given  to  any 
one  who  can  procure  the  Advertiser  a  comfortable  situation  as 
above.  "Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
Highly  recommended.  Ten  years'  excellent  character. — Apply, 
with  particulars,  to  E.  V  ,  Mr.  G.  Braby.  8,  Oak  Terrace. 
Hamilton  Road.  West  Norwood,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  or  SINGLE-HANDED).— 
Age  27,  married,  no  family  ;  fourteen  years'  experience 
iu  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.  Good 
references.— F.  FITZWATER,  6,  Selina  Cottages,  Richmond 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second 
in  a  Gentleman's  establishmeni). — Age  26,  single  ;  tho- 
roughly experienced  in  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables  ;  twelve 
years'  experience.  Good  recommendations. — J,  WOOLGER, 
St.  George's  Hills,  Cobbam,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (SECOND),  where  four  or  five 
are    kept.  —  Age   21;     ten  years'    good    character. — 
F.  FARWELL,  Ocktey,  Dorking,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (SECOND),    in   the    Houses.— 
Age  2[  :  can  be  well  recommended.     Over  two  years  in 
last  place.— W.  LOCK.  3.  Evelyn  Road.  Ham,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (SECOND),  under  Glass.— 
Age  25,  single  ;  three  and  a  half  years  in  present  situa- 
tion as  such,  two  in  previous  ;  nine  years  in  all  branches. — 
A.  M.,  The  Hollies,  Halfway  Street.  Ekham,  Kent. 


G 


ARDENER  (Under)   in  good  place,  or 

Single  HANDED. — Young;   eleven  years'  good  charac- 
ter.- G.  A.  BULL.  Houghton,  Huntingdonshire. 

/^ARDENER  (Under),  Inside  and  Out.— 

V-^      Age  21  ;  good  character  from  present  situation. — E.  B., 
44,  Holmesdaie  Ko:id,  Reigate.  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (UNDER),  in  a  good  estabUsh- 

ment. — Age  at  ;  five  years"  experience. — H.  REDDEN, 
Lower  Clopton,  btratford-< 


GARDENER  (UNDER).~Age  27,  married 
four  years'  good  reference.     Total  abstainer. — A.  J.  A, 
2,  Clifton  Villas,  Birkbeck  Road,  Ecckenham,  Kent 


GARDENER    (Under),     or    JOURNEY- 
MAN. — Age  24;  eight  years' experience.    Good  character. 
— E.  NORWOOD,  s,  Harefield  Roao.  Uxbridge.  Middlesex. 

FOREMAN.  —  Married  ;       thoroughly    expe- 
rienced in  all  branches  of  Gardening.- W.  WILLIAMS, 
Miss  Bramwell,  High  Street.  Southgate.  Middlesex. 


To  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN,   in  the   Houses.— Age  24  ; 
ten  years*  experience.     Good  reference. — A.  B.,  Taplow 
Lodge,  Maidenhead,  Bucks. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 
establishment. — Age  23  :  nine  and  a  half  years'  experi- 
ence. Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers. — 
A.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Brambllye,  East  Grinstead. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  Establishment.— Age 
26  ;  eleven  years'  experience  in  all  branches;  can  be  well 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  24  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  Fruit  and  Plant 
Growing  Can  be  well  recommended  by  present  and  previous 
employers.— C.  SNOW,  The  Gardens,  Albuiy  Hall,  Ware.  HerU. 

PROPAGATOR.— Age  24  ;  seven  years'  ex- 
perience in  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Clematis,  Rhododen- 
drons, Conifera,  and  General  Nursery  Stock.  Good  references. — 
T.  RIGG,  Lucombe,  Pince&Co  ,  The  Exeter  Nursery,  Exeter. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  Nobleman's  or 
Gentleman's  establishment.— Age  23  ;  eight  years'  ex- 
perience. Two  years  in  present  situation.  Can  be  highly  re- 
commended — E.  STOCKS.  The  Gardens,  Barlboro  Hall, 
Chtsterfield.  Derby.  

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses  in  a 
good  establishment,  or  as  FOREMAN  in  a  moderate  ; 
age  22.— Mr.  G.  Abbey,  late  Gardener,  Paxton  Park,  Hunts, 
can  highly  recommend  a  young  man  as  ab)ve.  Two  years' 
excellent  character  from  the  above.  —  H.  BOULTON,  Old 
Catton,  Norwich.  Norfolk^ 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  the   Houses.— Age  21  ; 

^y  five  years'  experience.  Good  reference. — T.  SANTER, 
Hayes,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out.— Age  23  ; 
good   character  from   last   and    previous   employer. —  E. 
CANDLER.  4,  Lenster  Street,  Cleaveland  fq.,  Paddington,  W. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in   Nursery,  Inside.— Age 

t^  22  ;  good  knowledge  of  Trade.  Good  character  from  pre- 
sent and  previous  employers  — B.  C,  Birchington  Farm,  Little 
Common,  Hastings.  Sussex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  Nursery 

^f  or  Private  Garden. — Age  21:  seven  years*  experience  in 
good  establishments  of  both  branches.  Good  Propagator  and 
Grower  of  Pot  Roses.  Can  be  hghly  recommended —J.  G., 
Holly  Lane.  Chilwell,  Notts. 

'louses  in  a 

)RD,     CU 

Patk,  Doncister,  wishes  to  recommend  Charles  Abbott  to^ny 
Head  Gardener  as  a  persevering,  energetic  young  man. 
ind  a  hilf  years' charactei.— CHARLES  ABBOTT,  Cu 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  He 

ff      establishment:    age  22.- Frank  S< 


Park,  Doncaster. 

IMPROVER,    in    Nursery,   or    Gentleman's 
Garden.— Age  19  :  has  had  three  years  in  Nursery.     Good 
references.  — P  ,  6,  Ivy  Terrace.  B.addow  Road,  near  Chelmsford. 

To  Nurserymen. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Roses,    Fruit.— Age  20. 
Seven  years  in  the  ab^ve  branches. — J.  H,  D.,  24,  Egerton 
Street,  Chester. 

IMPROVER;  age  iS.— Mr.  MITCHELL  can 
highly  recommend  W.  Maxfield  ;  has  worked  here  in 
Houses  and  Flower  Garden  this  lat  thirteen  months.— Abera- 
man  Gardens,  Aberdare. 

ASSISTANT,  in  the  Houses,  of  Gentleman 
or  Florist. — Age2o:  steady  and  industrious  Eighteen 
months'  e.xperience  (twelve  in  Propagating)  with  a  large  pro- 
vincial firm.— G.  H.  WALL.  Aldborough,  Borobridge,  York. 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— A  young  man 
(age  30),  who  has  had  six  years'  experience  in  leading 
Nurseries,  desires  an  eng:igement.  Well  up  ic  Plant  Growing. 
Good  Salesman.— J.  K.,  Spark  Hill  Nurseries,  Birmingham. 

^yO  NURSERYMEN,  &c-— A  young   man, 

JL  foreigner  (age  20),  seeks  situation  in  a  good  Nursery, 
thorough  experience  in  all  branches,  best  continental  references. 
Forcing  and  Propagating.— TANSEN,  5,  Fleetwood  Street, 
Stoke  Newington,  N. 

TO  NURSERYMEN  and  GARDENER'S. 
— Wanted,  by  a  Youth  (age  17).  a  situation  in  a  Nursery 
or  Gentleman's  (garden.  Does  not  object  to  a  small  Premium. 
—  H.    W.    BROWN,  12,  South  Street,  Stourbridge,   Worces- 

Seed  and  Ntirsery  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.— Age 
42  ;  twenty  years'  experience  in  all  branches,  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade.  Disengaged.— F.  A.  RICHE,  12, 
Pelham  Road.  South  Wimbledon.  S.W. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER  in 
Retail  Seed  and  Florist  Business.— Fifteen  years'  ex- 
perience. Good  references.— C.  D.  MARR,  Messrs.  Hurst  & 
Son,  Houndsditch,  E.C. 

HOPMAN,    or    ASSISTANT.-Age    27  ; 

fourteen  years'  experience.  Seed,  Plants.  Bulbs,  Whole- 
sile  and  Retail  —  W.M,,  9,  Chapel  Street,  Bedford  Row.  W.C. 

TRAVELLER,  MANAGER^  or  HEAD 
SHOPMAN,  in  the  Retail  Seed  Trade.-Thoroughly 
conversant  in  all  branches  of  the  Business.  First-class  re- 
ferences.—X. ,  12,  Alva  Street.  Edinburgh. 

EED    and    FLORIST'S    ASSISTANtT^ 

A  young  Man,  age  19,  wishes  a  situation  ;  over  five  years' 
experience.  Good  Maker  of  Wreaths.  Crosses,  S:c.  Will  be 
well  recommended. -W.  GALLOWAY.  Arthur  Dickson  & 
Sons,  Seedsmen  and  Florists,  Eeltast. 


H 


OLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTandPILLS.— 

:s  and  casualties  incidental  to  youth  may  be 
safely  treated  by  the  use  of  these  excellent  Medicaments  accord- 
ing to  the  printed  directions  folded  round  each  pot  and  box. 
Nor  is  this  Ointment  alone  applicable  to  external  ailments  ;  con- 
jointly with  the  Pills  it  exercises  the  most  salutary  influence  in 
checking  subtle  diseases  situated  in  the  interior  of  the  body ; 
when  rubbed  upon  the  back  and  chest  it  gives  the  most  sensible 
relief  in  Asthma,  Bronchitis,  Pleurisy,  and  threatening  Con- 
sumption. HoIIoway's  remedies  are  especially  serviceable  in 
Liver  and  Stomach  Complaints.  For  the  Cure  of  Bad  Legs,  all 
sorts  of  Wounds,  Sores,  Scrofulous  Ulcerations,  and  Scorbutic 
Affections,  this  Ointment  produces  a  cooling  and  soothing 
eff'ect.  inexpressibly  grateful  to  the  feelings. 


256 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  ji,  i8 


OONTBACTOBS    TO    HEB    MAJESTT'S    WAB    DEPABTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGEAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONDON).  

Have  the  Iiargest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  i  jth  Edition, price  is. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G. 


'^^^^'^^ 


THE    IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HYDRAULIC    RAM. 

This  useful  Self-acting  Apparatus,  which  works  day  and  night  without  needing  attention,  will  raise  water  to 
any  height  or  distance  without  cost  for  labour  or  motive-power,  where  a  (ew  feet  fall  can  be  obtained,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Public  or  Private  Establishments,  Farm  Buildings,  Railway  Stations,  &c. 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  aU  sizes,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  54*.  THE    CASSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed   for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  ol  all  sizes. 
No.    4.    CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


No.  37,     DEEP  WELL  PUMPS  for  Horse,  Hand,  Steam,  or  other  Power. 
No.  63.     PORTABLE  IRRIGATORS,  with  Double  or  Treble  Barrels  for  Horse  or 
Steam  Power.  [Gardens,  &c. 

No.  46a.  IMPROVED   DOUBLE-ACTION    PUMPS  on  BARROW  for  Watering 
No.  493.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  soandS4<2.     FARM  and  MANSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction. 

S.  OWENS  AND  CO.  Manufacture  and  Erect  every  description  of  Hvdraulic  and  General  Engineers'  Work  for  Mansions.  Farms,  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 
WATER  WHEELS.  WARMING  APPARATUS,  B.'^THS,  DRYING  CLOSETS,  GASWORKS.  Apparatus  for  LIQUID  MANURE  distribution,  FIRE  MAINS, 
HYDRANTS,  HOSE  PIPES,  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  part  oj  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimatet  furnished. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD  "ON    APPLICATION. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


1886. 


Please    send    nie    "TiiE     Gardeners'    Ciironicl 


for 


.  Months, 


commencms 


^,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  ""^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  ^i  3s.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  lis.  ii,f.  ;    3  Months,  6s.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  .-—Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  2d. 


P.  0.0.  to 


made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  '^  DRUAfMOND." 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  ■' The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradburv,  Agnkvv,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  the 
Slid  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Satussav,  August  ai,  1886.        Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hkvwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Csta^jlisifteti  1841. 


No.  66i.— Vol.  XXVI.  {s^ks.}     SATURDAY,  AUGUST  28,  1886. 


J    Registered  at  the  General  ?       Price    5d. 
J  Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,    sW' 


Amateur  bulb  dealers 

Ardisia  japonica  .. 

Autumn  flo^^e^s  .. 

Bee  flowers 
„     plants 

l^ees,  lazy. . 

Bigeneric  hybrid,  a 

Books- 
Golden  Feather 

Chrysanthemum       ma 
ndC.  uhginosi 


CONTENTS. 

i    ..     279     Obituary — 
..     278        Robert  Lord 
270     Orchid  r 


275 


Coloi 


nptit 


1  persicum 


Cyclame 

Figs  from  seed 
Flower  garden, 
Foliage  plants 

judging  of 
Forestry     . .  ,.  . .     275 

Fruit  and  vegetable  gar- 

,.     crops  near  the  sea  . 
Fruits  under  glass 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 
Horticultural  Interna- 
tional Exhibition,  Dres- 


278 


Orchids,  Mr    Bull 
Pea  Prodigy- 
Peach  and    N. 
the  same  shoot 


Kitchen  garden,  the 
Lxlia  Batemaniana  .. 
Lament  &  Sons'  Nursery 
Manresa  House,  Grape 
and  Peach  growing  at . 
Co-operative 


Phalaenopsis,    a 

of  the  genus 
Plants  and  their  culture  . 

„     new  garden 
Roots  and  their  work    .. 
Scotch  notes 

Seed  grounds,  Bedfont  . . 
Selenipedium  caudatum  . 

Basingstoke 

Cheadle 

Cottagers'  Show,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society 
Maidenhead 
Narborough 
National    Co-operative 
Flower  Show,   Royal 
Horticultural  Society 
Royal  Horticultural   .. 
Trowbridge 
271     Swiss  Society  of  Natural 

263  ,      Scier.ce 

263  I  Tobacco  culture,  experi- 


ntal 


rio.v 


rsho 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Chrj'santhemur 

,,     uliginosum 205 

Down  ol  Viue  leaf,  with  mildew  threads       268 

Phaljenopsis  speciosa,  and  details  of  flower  ..  ..  ..  277 

Red  and  white  Currant 268 

Selenipedium  caudatum,  monstrous  form  of. .  ..  ..  269 


SCOTCH    SUBSCRIBERS    TO 
7"jy^    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEQRAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


CRYSTAL  PALACE 

ANNUAL    FRUIT    EXHIBITION    and    GRAND 
NATIONAL  DAHLIA  SHOW,  SEPTEMBER  3  and  4. 
Schedules  on  application  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Supenntendent,  Crystal  Palace. 


GLASGOW   and   WEST   of    SCOTLAND 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
The  AUTUMN  FLOWER  SHOW  will  be  held  within  St. 
Andrew's  Halls,  Granville  Street,  Glasgow,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
September  8.     Prize  Schedules  and  Tickets  of  Adi 


'91. 


here 


had  from  the  Treasurer,  Mr.  Chas.  Macdonald  Williamsc 
West  George  Street,  any  of  the  Directors,  or  at  my  ofiici 
Member's  Ticket,  is.  6d.  each. 

167,  Canning  Str< 

■XJATIONaT      CHRYSANTHEMUM 

!>      SOCIETY.  Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S.W. 

GRAND     EXHIBITION    of    DAHLIAS,     GLADIOLI, 

Early     CHRYSANTHEMUMS,    &c.,     THURSDAY    and 

FRIDAY,  September  9  and  10.     Schedules  free  on  application  to 

WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 

Frampton  Park  Nursery.  Hackney,  F 

Revised   Official   "  CHRYSANTHEMUM    CATALOGUE," 

now  ready,  Ct£.  per  Copy. 


Accidents  or  Daily  Life  Insured  against  by  tbe 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 
Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ,£2.215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farqiihar,  Esq. 
Apply  to   the  Clerks  at   the  Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Kjtel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  ComhiU,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Seoetary. 


UR  SPECIAL  LIST  of  ORCHIDS,  No. 

8i,  with  New  CATTLEYAS,  New  EPlDENDRUMS, 
is  now  published. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  ALBA  (new).— 
Strong  flowering  Plants  (4  feet  bine),  of  this  free-blooming 
"  White  Jackmanni,"  now  ready,  -^s  each,  30J.  per  dozen. 

Choice  varieties  of  CLEMATIS",  in  pots,  11.  W.,  21,  to  11.  W. 
each.     The  usual  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

GEO.  lACKMAN  and  SON,  Woking  Nursery,  Surrey. 


ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  Ail  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  36J. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  aeplicatioD, 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

ARCISSUS.— All  the  best  varieties  for 

cutting  and  for  every  description  of  forcing  Bulbs.     See 
my  Special  Trade  offer,  which  may  be  had  upon  application. 

THOMAS  S.  WARE,    Hale  Farm  Nurseries,   Tottenham, 
London. 

O  H  N    D  O  W  N  I  E   (of  the  late  firm  of 

DowNiE  &  Laird),     m,    Princes    Street,    Edinburgh. 
has  iiow  issued  his  BULB  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  sent 
Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 
Telegraphic  Address-"  DOWNIE,"  EDINBURGH. 

C~  AMELLIA    STOCKS,    fit   for    immediate 
working,  t$s.  per  100,  paclced  free  for  cash. 
E.  COOLING.  Derby. 


D 


UTCH  BULBS. 

Firit  Quality  Only. 

CATALOGUES  may  be  obtained  from 

H.  VAN  DEN  HAAG.  no.  Newington  Green  Road,  N. 

"  I    have   never  had  better  Bulbs,   and  have  been   able   to 

use  them   three  years  running.  — 7"^  £ari  of  TttnkervtUe^i 

Gardener. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMUM 

(First-class   Certificate).- See   full  description   in    Gar- 
dtntrs    ChronkU,  July  lo. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,  5J.  and  7J.  td.  \ 
6  for  21J.  and  30J 

E.   G.    HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 


FOUR  THOUSAND  PALMS,  in  Thumbs, 
four  and  five  leaves.  C^  U-  per  ico. 
(Corypha  australis,  Lataiua  borbomca,  Ccos  p!umo;a, 
Areca  sapida.) 
J.  BAGG,  Hanwell  Nursery,  Middlesex. 


LOVEL'S   STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.- 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  \ 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  3</. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 


STRAWBERRIES. —A    Desctiptive 
CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
THOS.  RIVERS  AND  son.  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Hets. 

Strawberry  Planta- 

JOHN  ERASER,  of  The  Nurseries,  Lea 
Bridge  Road,  Leyton,  begs  lo  announce  that  his  Annual 
Descriptive  LIST  of  Slrawbeny  Plants,  with  instructions  for 
culture  and  other  important  information,  is  now  ready,  and  may 
be  had  on  application. 


W  UN  WIN,  Fruit  Salesm.\n,  has 
•  REMOVED  to  Larger  Premises  in  the  Market, 
and  IS  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGNMENTS  of  PEACHES. 
GRAPES,  and  TOMATOS  in  any  quantity. 

Address  "  PIAZZAS,"  Covent  Gaid^n  Market,  W.C. 


s 


SQUELCH  AND  B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 
North  Row.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  off"er  good  pncs, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers,  &c. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H        AND        B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  they  are 
tnus  enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H        AND        BARN  HAM, 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantily.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  Alt  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


WANTED,      CUTTINGS      of       ZONAL 
GERANIUMS-Henry  Jacobi,  West  Brighton  Gem, 
Mar^chal  MacMahon  (bronze). 

H.  CANNELL  and  SONS,  Swanley. 


WANTED,     MULBERRIES,     Ripe     and 
Black.     State  price  per  cwL 
BUTLER,    Mcculloch  and  CO.,  South  Row,  Covent 
Garden  Market,  W.C. 


w 


ILL  GEORGE  FOSTER  kindly  Write  to 

Mrs.  JOHN  MOWER  as  soon  as  he  sees  this? 


Tree  Carnations  In  Flower. 

HUGH  LOWE  AND  CO.  offer  the  above, 
of  first'class  quahty,  strong  plants,  in  flower  and  forward 
buds.  Price  i8j.,  24J  ,  per  dozen.  Can  be  supplied  by  the 
thousand.  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 

Dutch  and  other  Bulbs. 

CHARLES     TURNER'S      CATALOGUE 
is  now  ready. 
The  first  cr>nsignment  is  to  hand,  in  excellent  condition. 
The    NEW     ROSE,     FRUIT    TREE,    and   CO.VIFER/E 
CATALOGUE      is     in     the     Press. 
The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 


H 


Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 
B.  MAY  now  offers  an  immense  stock  of 

■  these,  consisting  of  all  the  most  useful  varieties  for  or- 
namental pots,  or  for  growing  on  ;  i6j.  per  100,  cash  with  order. 
Dj  sod's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

D^'OUBLE  SOUTH  AFRICAN  TUBE- 
ROSE  BULBS.— First  importations  this  season,  and 
'*  second  to  none  "  ever  sent  from  Natal.  Send  for  quotations, 
to  the  Growers'  Agents— 

PERCY  J.  POOL  AND  CO.,  4,  Eishopsgate  Street,  E.C. 
See  illustration  of  our  Plantation  in   this  Journal  of  July  to. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.   VAN   TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland. -Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

.Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutcbed  F.iars,  London,  E.C. 

Roses-Kosea— Rosea. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  a  large  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROSES  in  all  the  leading  varieties  ;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MARfeCHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON,  and 
other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices  oj 
application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

To  the  Trade  Only. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Haarlem, 
•  Holland,  have  just  Published  their  Wholesale  CATA- 
LOGUEfor  the  Season  i886-37(75lh  year.  No.  335A),  ol  Dutch 
Flower  Roots  and  Miscellaneous  Bulbous  and  Tuberous  rootei 
Plants. 

The  Catalogue  was  sent  to  all  the  Correspondents  of  the 
establishment  who  have  a  right  to  it,  and  will  be  sent  as  well  on 
prepaid  application  to  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists 
only. 

KENTIA  SEEDS.— For  prices  of  fresh  im- 
ported Seeds  of   Kentia  belmoreana,  Forsteriana,  and 
Canterburyana,  write  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jun  .  Breslau,  Germany. 

EGONIAS. — From  Laing's  splendid  strain. 

A   few   dozen   double   and    single,    splendid    Plants,    in 
id  6  inch  o  ts.      Mu  t  be  sold.      Each  dozen  will  include 
or  mite  di.linct  varieties. 
GARDENER,  Ashley  House,  Ashley  Road,  Bristol. 

OX  EDGING.— For  Sale,    looo  yards,   of 

Strong  erowth.     Apply  to 

Cjlhngton,  Cornwall. 


B 


B 

S.  LANDRY,  Whiteford  Gardens, 


PALMS  for  TABLE  DECORATIONS,  &c. 
—  Latania  bothonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  and  Phoeaix 
recHnata,  seedlings,  12  inches  high,  41.  per  dcz.  ;  25J.  per  ico. 
Latania  borbomca.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutescens, 
Euterpe  edulis,  Phcenix  reclinata,  and  Corypha,  austrahs, 
20  inches  high,  us.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  15.  ^d.  each. 
Packages  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order.  A  few 
large  Featherv  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS,    in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  aiid  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  o( 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  121.  to  24J,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  oc  apphcation.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester, 

To  the  Trade. 

WAITE,  NASH  AND  CO.  have  Posted 
their  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  BULBS  to  all  their 
Customers  ;  if  not  received,  another  Copy  will  be  sent  on  app!i- 
cation.  79,  Souihwark  Sreet,  London,  S.E. 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  WAITE.  LONDON." 


c 


There  Is  but  one 
LEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 


3d  Charles  Noble 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  i 
All  the  finer  old  kinds  at  11.  to  21.  each 

SPIR/KA  PALMATA.— The  fir.ejt  forcing    clui 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Basshot. 


Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  b;  had 


Me>; 


applic 


258 


THE     GARDEHEMS'    CHRONICLE, 


[August  28,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutoli  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67at,d63  Cheapside,  E.C..  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half  past  ii  o'Clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  ol  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  mcrning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER.— SPECIAL  SALE 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67.ind68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT.  August  31, 
at  half  past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  ORCHIDS  m  flower,  from 
including  : — 


Odontoglossum  b 


bun 


„     Pesatorei,  grand  spotted 

variety 
„     vexillarium  rubellum 
Ctclngyne  Massangeana,  grand 
plant,   sixteen    large    bulbs, 
and  six  fljwer-spiki 


Ma 


,,     superciliare,  three  flow 
Miltonia  species 
Odontoglossum  Alexandr; 


ana  six  ujwci-sijiivta  ^^u.j...i.b.iv.^. — 

CATTLEYAS,  ONCIDIUMS,  ODONTOGLOSSUMS.  in 
variety,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Maidenhead. 

TUBEROUS  BEGONIAS,  a  lire  Collection  of  single  and 
double  named  varieties  and  Seedlings,  in  12  to  48-pots, 
chiefly  Owen's  celebrated  strain,  for  the  growth  ot  which 
Mr  Uwen  is  so  well  known,  having  taken  many  Certificates 
of  Merit;  also  New  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  for  188S 
and  numerous  other  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
the  Floral  Nurseries,  Castle  Hill,  Maidenhead  (fifteen  minutes' 
walk  from  the  station),  on  THURSDAY,  September  2,  at 
I  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  Robert  Owen. 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  Sale.  Cat.ilogues  had  on  the 
Premises;  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.G. 


Friday  Next. 

IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  comprising  Odontoglossum  Alex- 
andra, Cattleya  (iigas,  C.  Sanderiana,  C.  speciosissima,  C. 
.Skinneri,  in  extra  masses  :  Oncidium  Papilio  majus,  and 
Odontoglossum  grande,  all  in  excellent  condition,  from 
Messrs.  Shuttleworth.  Carder  &  Co  :  also  a  few  plants  o 
th.-  true  AERIDES  GODEFROYA,  and  a  few  ESTAB 
LISHED  ORCHIDS  from  a  private  collection. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
September  3,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Lee,  Kent,  S.E. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE   SALE   to  commence  punc- 
tually at  11  o'clock,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
Lee,  S.E  ,  adjoining  the  Railway  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
September  14,  at  11  o'Clock  punctually,  without  reserve. 

25.0C0  WINTER-BLOOMING  HEATHS, 
beautifully  grown  and  remarkably  well  set  with  bloomhuds. 
including  15,000  Erica  hyemalis,  5000  Gracilis,  and  large 
quantities  of  Melanthera,  Ventricosa,  Perspicua  erecta,  Caven- 
dishii,  and  other  best  kinds  ;  also  a  large  quantity  of  small  Krica 
hyemalis  for  growing  on  :  8000  SOLANUM  CAPSICAS- 
TRUM.  unusually  well  berried  ;  6000  BOUVARDIAS. 
including  Lemoine's  New  Doubles  ;  3000  GENISTAS,  very 
fine  ■  io5o  CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  :  2000  ADIANTUM 
CUNEATUM  ;  30C0  LOMARIA  GIBBA,  true,  compact 
variety,  and  other  FERNS  ;  500  EPACRIS,  well  grown  ;  a 
quantity  of  extra  strong  MariSchal  Niel  and  other  Tea  ROSES  ; 
fine  English-grown  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  GREVILLEA 
ROBUSTA.  PALMS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREEN- 
HOUSE PASSIFLORAS,  POINSETTIAS,  AMPELOPSIS 
VEITCHII  ;  a  fine  lot  of  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA, 
STEPHANOTIS,  and  other  stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
EC. 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of 
intending  Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  above.  The 
Plants  are  remarkably  well.grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and 
the  whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good   condition  as  in 


EweU. 
By  order  of  the  executors  of  the  late  Mrs.  R.  C.  Price. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  Instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
Parkside,  Ewell,  Surrey,  on  MONDAY,  September  6,  at  i 
o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  many  fit  for  decorative  purposes, 
and  successfully  shown  at  the  local  shows,  including  fine 
Crotons,  large  Palms,  Eucharis,  Maidenhair,  and  othei  Ferns, 
a  few  Orchids,  specimen  Coleus  and  Fuchsias.  Lapageria  alba 
and  rosea.  Begonias.  Chrysanthemums,  small  GREENHOUSE, 
garden  FRAMES,  and  UTENSILS,  garden  ROLLER  for 
pony,  POULTRY,  two  store  PIGS,  and  numerous  other  effects. 
On  view  the  Saturday  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  of  Mr. 
BUSS,  the  Gardener  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Buokhurst  Hill,  near  the  Station. 

IMPORTANT    TO    CUT    FLOWER   GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  J.  R.  South,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery,  Queen's  Road,  Buck- 
hurst  Hill,  on  TUESDAY.  September  7.  at  2  o'Clock  precisely, 
150  specimen  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA,  very  fine  plants  in 
No.  Band  12  pots,  30  specimen  CAMELLIAS.  6  to  8  feet, 
principally  double  whites,  large  white  AZALEAS,  300  well 
furnished  Maidenhair  FERNS,  in  32  and  48  pots,  and  other 
PLANTS. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.  and 
Leytonstone. 

Chelsea,  S.W. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  unu^ually  well  grown  STOVE  and 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELLby  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises. 
The  Nursery,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W.  (about  a  mile 
from  Chelsea  Station),  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  8,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  beauti- 
fully grown  GREENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS, 
a  large  portion  of  which  are  admirably  adapted  for  furnishing, 
comprising;  Palms  in  variety  ;  two  Araucaria  excelsa,  14  feet  ; 
large  Eucharis  ficus.  magnificent  specimen  ;  Aspidistras,  one 
grand  plant,  measuring  5  feet  through  ;  loco  Maidenhair  Ferns, 
200  Azaleas,    1000   green    Euonymus,   ro,ooo   flower-pots,   and 

On  view  two  days  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on 
the  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

ChigweU. 
IMPORTANT  TO  CUT  FLOWER  GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  J.  W.  Steele  &  Co.,  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Exotic  Nursery,  Chig- 
well,  on  THURSDAY,  September  9,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
a  large  quantity  of  well-grown  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANIS,  including  14  grand  specimen  Stephanotis,  large 
trained  plants,  about  40  smaller  plants  :  250  Gardenias,  300 
Roses,  all  finely  grown  in  large  pots  ;  600  named  Chrysanthe- 
mums, specimen  Azaleas,  80  Eucharis  grandiflora,  600  Bou- 
vardias,  best  sorts  :  Jasmines,  &c  ;  also  30  head  of  POULTRY. 
On  view  two  days  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  on  the 
Premises,  principal  local  Inns,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and 
68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


forn 


Sidcup,  Kent,  S  E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  Winter-flowering 
HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS,  forming  one  of  ihe  lareest 
collections  ever  submitted  to  the  Public.  The  stock  of 
Heaths  is  unrivalled  (without  doubt  the  finest  lot  ever 
offered  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans),  the  plants  being 
particularly  well  grown,  beautifully  set  with  flower,  and 
well  worthy  of  an  inspection  by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Longlands  Nursery, 
Sidcup  (ten  minutes'  walk  from  Pope  Street  Station,  South- 
Eastern  Railway),  on  FRIDAY,  September  17,  at  1 1  o'Clock 
precisely  (there   being  upward 


HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS 


ilrica     hyemalis, 
set,  and  E.  hyei 
superba 


vn    WINTER-BLOOMING 
2^000  Tea     Roses,     splendid 


]  Sola 
jAdia 


1  cuneatun 


Pre 


Erica  perspicua  erecta,  E.  Wilinoicrtua. 

Thousands  of  small  HEATHS  for  growing  on,  &( 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

The  stock  is  now  on  view.     Catalogues  may  be    had  on  the 

if  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London, 


B.C.,  and  Leyto 


Great  Horticultural  Sale  Week. 

ANNUAL  TRADE  SALES  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 
HEATHS  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  have  arranged  these 
Annual  Sales  to  lake  place  as  follows  :  — 

TUESDAY,  September  14,  at  the  BURNT  ASH  LANE 
NURSERIES,  LKE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  B.  Mailer 
&  Sons. 

WEDNESDAY,  September  15.  at  the  LEA  BRIDGE  NUR- 
SERIES, LEYTON,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Fraser. 

THURSDAY,  SEPTEMBER  16,  at  the  BRUNSWICK 
NURSERY,  TOTTENHAM,  by  order  of  Mr.  John 
Mailer. 

FRIDAY,  September  17,  at  the  LONGLANDS  NUR- 
SERY, SIDCUP,  by  order  ol  Messrs.  Gregory  & 
Evans. 

SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  18,  at  the  DYSON'S  LANE 
NURSERY,  EDMONTON,  by  order  of  Mr.   H.   B. 

Catalogues  may  be  had,  when  ready,  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68,  Chefipside,  E.C.,  and  Leytonstone. 

Bulbs-Bulhs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C, every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  firat.class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all 
Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next-(Sale  No.  7;o8). 
STOVE    .ind    GREENHOUSE     PLANTS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
Seplember  r.  200  fine  pots  ol  EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA, 
100  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  AZALEAS,  AMARYLLIS, 
EKIPHYLLUMS  AGAPANTHUS,  and  olher  STOVE  and 
GREEN  HOUSE  PLANTS  in  variety. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Preliminary. 

The   Cranston   Nursery  and    Seed     Company,     Limited.      In 

Liquidation.     The  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 
EXTENSIVE    CLEARANCE    SALE    of  the  whole  of  the 
remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY    STOCK,    extending 
over  120  acres  of  ground,  and  which  is  now  in  sp'eodid  con- 
dition, particularly  the  Fruit  Trees. 
Important  to  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  and  the  Trade  contem- 
plating planting  during  the  coming  season. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  the  whole  of  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises 
as  above,  on  OCTOBER  4,  and  four  following  days.  An  inspec- 
tion is  invited  of  the  beautifully  grown  stock  ;  and  to  convey  an 
idea  of  its  magnitude,  the  following  items  may  be  mentioned  ;  — 
6o,oOD  FRUIT     TREES,     Standard,     Dwarf-trained,     and 

Pyramids. 
130,0:0  CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES. 
500,000  FOREST  TREES. 
70,000  CHERRY  and  APPLE  STOCKS. 
100,000  SEEDLING  ASH  and  0\K. 
200,000  QUICK. 
t6,ooo  LAURELS,  7000  AUCU8AS,  400  English  YEWS, 
thousands  of  CONIFERS,  &c, 
Fuither  particulars  will  appear  in  due  course. 

Preliminary  Notice  of  Forthcoming  Sales 

OF  NURSERY  STOCK 

Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade  intending  to  Plant 

during  the  coming  Season. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  fixed  the  following 
Sales  :— 
OCTOBER  4  to  8,  at  CRANSTON'S  NURSERIES, 
King's  Acre,  Hereford,  by  order  of  the  Liquidator 
of  The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Company,  Limited. 
OCTOBER  s,  at  the  UPPER  TOOTING  PARK  NUR- 
SERY, Upper  Tooting  Park,  S.  W.,  by  order  of  Mr.  C. 

OCTOBER  13  and   14.  at  the  the   ELVASTON   NURSE- 
RIES, Borrowash,  Derby,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Barron 

OCTOBER  27  and  jS.-Two  Days'  Sale  at  the  AMERICAN 

NURSERIES,  Leytonstone. 
OCTOBER  19.  at   the  NURSERIES,   Kilburn,  by  order  of 

Mr.  J.  B.  Goubert. 
OCTOBER  20  and  2r,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Brixton,  by  order 

of  Messrs.  Ponsford  &  Son. 
NOVEMBER  2  and  3,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Groombridge, 

by  order  of  Mr.  E.  Hollamby. 
NOVEMBER  4,  at  the  BOWER  and  LING  NURSERIES, 

by  order  of  Messrs.  Frost  &  Sons. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  being  fixed,  and  will  be  announced 
in  future  Advertisements. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side.  E.C. 

Catalogues.— Important  Notice. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  compiled  permanent  Lists  of  those  to  whom  their 
Catalogues  are  forwarded  regularly,  which  enables  them  to  bring 
before  the  notice  of  probable  Buyers  all  classes  of  Sales. 

Gentlemen  wishing  to  have  their  names  entered  on  these 
Lists  are  requested  to  forward  their  full  Addresses  with  a  note 
of  their  particular  requirements,  when  Catalogues  will  be 
posted  free  of  charge. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Ofiices,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  B.C. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No,  7209). 

MR.  J.  C  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garoen,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXf,  September  2,  at 
half  past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  ol  Mr.  F.  Sander,  an 
importation  of  the  curious  and  beautiful  CCELOGVNE  PAN- 
DURATA,  the  new  C  FORSTERMANNI,  DENDRO- 
BIUM  HETEROCARPUM,  the  rare  Ceylon  variety  ; 
CVPRIPEDIUM  STONEI  (fine  lot).  C.  HOOKERI,  C. 
SPECIES,  a  very  beautiful  yellow  and  spotted  variety  :  also  a 
fi.ie  lot  of  the  lovely  SACCOLABIUM  CCELESTE,  S. 
SPECIES  (new).  ONCIDIUM  SARCODES,  and  many  olher 
Choice  and  Valuable  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next  (Sale  No.  7209). 
ORCHIDS,      STOVE      PLANTS,     &c. 

MR.  I.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  Sep- 
lember 2,  twenty-five  strong  plants  of  CATTLEYA  VELU- 
TINA,  fine  pieces  of  C.  BICOLOR.  ONCIDIUM  VARI- 
COSUM  ROGERSI,  O.  CRISPUM,  and  other  BRA- 
ZILIAN ORCHIDS.  Also  specimen  ERICAS  in  flower, 
COCOS  MEDDELLIANA,  ARAUCARIAS,  and  other 
STOVE  PLANTS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 

Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY.  September  16,  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  gentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for  this 
SALE  will  please  send  p.orticulars  of  same  as  soon  as  possible. 

Choice  Orchids  (upwards  of  300  Plants)  and  the 
extensive  COLLECTION  of  VALUABLE  STOVE, 
CONSERVATORY,  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
formed  by  the  late  T.  B,  CUTTS,  Esq. 

MR.  THOS.  NEALE  is  favoured  with 
instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  Malvern 
House,  Mapperley  Road,  Nottingham, on  WEDNESDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  September  i  and  3,  the  above  valuable  COLLEC- 
TION of  Plants. 

Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis,  on  applica- 
tion, by  post,  to  the  Auctioneer,  Whaler  Gale.  Nottingham. 


Palace  Gardens,  Armagh. 
IMPORTANT  SALE  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION  of  CHOICE 
STOVE      and     GREENHOUSE      PLANTS,      LAWN 
MOWER,  clc. 

MR.  M.  A.  BELL  has  been  favoured  with 
instructions  from  G.  D.  Beresford,  Esq.,  to  SELL  by 
PUBLIC  AUCTION,  at  the  Palace  Gardens,  Armagh,  on 
MONDDAY,  September  6,  at  12  o'Clock  noon,  an  immense 
collection  of  choice  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
including  :— Azaleas,  Dracaenas  and  Crotons  in  variety.  Hibis- 
cus, Amaryllis,  Gloxinias.  Begonias,  Hoyas,  Grevilleas,  Paris 
Daisies,  Cinlaureas,  Coleus,  Isolepis,  Aloes,  Rhododendron 
ciliatum,  Geraniums.  Bouvardias.  Camellias,  Citrus,  Double 
White  Primulas,  Cinerarias,  Orchids,  Ferns  in  variety,  Palms, 
good  Specimen  Tree  Ferns,  and  other  Plants  too  numerous  to 

Entrance  by  Dobbin  Street  Gate.     Terms  :— Cash,  and  pur- 
chasers to  pay  Auction  Fees. 

M.  A.  BELL,  Auctioneer,  Armagh.— August,  1886. 


To  Nurserymen,  Gardeners,  &o. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,owingtodeathofPro- 
prietor.  a  good  and  increasing  BUSINESS,  consisting  of 
Lease  of  Premises,  Glasshouse,  Stock  and  Plant,  with  good  private 
Irs.  E.  DAY,  i.ConnaughtRoad,  Hove.  Brighton. 


Little  Posbrook,  South  Hants. 

3J^    miles    from    Fareham    Railway    Station. 

To    MARKET    GARDENERS.    FLORISTS,    FRUIT 

GROWERS,  and  OTHERS. 

TO  LET,  with  immediate  possession,  solely 
in  consequence  of  the  death  of  the  Manager,  a  range  of 
30  VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES,  ORCHARD,  CUCUM- 
BER, and  TOMATO  HOUSES,  covering  about  iK  acre. 
The  Houses  are  heated  by  3  Boilers,  and  work  on  the  most 
economical  principles.  With  the  above  will  be  Let  14  acres  of 
LAND,  of  the  finest  quality,  partly  planted  with  Orchard 
Trees,  now  in  full  bearing.  There  is  a  good  Manager's  House, 
and  1  Cottage.  The  climate  is  most  suitable,  and  one  of  the 
best  in  England  for  the  growth  of  Fruit,  Roses,  Cut  Flowers, 
or  for  Market  Garden  purposes.  _  The  whole  of  the  plant  and 
lock  may  be  taken  by  valuation  in  the  usual  way. 

Further    particulars  may   be  had    of    C.    B.    SMITH    AND 
GOLDSMITH,  Faieham  and  Portsea,  Hants. 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


259 


To  Nuis.rymen,  Fruit  Growers,  &c. 

FOR  SALl^,  situate  in  the  Parliamentary 
Borough  tf  Bristol,  a  lu-ge  and  well  appoint-^d 
BUSINESS  PREMISES,  well  stocked  and  in  full  working 
order,  comprising  nearly  20  Acres  of  Freehold  Land,  ti'hes  free 
and  land  tax  redeemed,  with  all  Minerals,  which  include  large 
and  valuable  beds  of  Pennant  Stone  with  Coal  underlying.  The 
House,  built  six  years  ago.  is  large  and  convenient  :  on  ground 
floor,  entrance  hall,  drawing-roora  27  feet  by  i6  feet,  dining- 
room,  18  feet  by  16  feet,  break  fast- room,  two  kitchen?,  larder, 
china  pantry,  and  offices  ;  on  first  floor,  five  bedrooms  and  large 
room,  24  feet  by  16  feet,  used  as  billiard  room  and  library.  The 
Glasshouses  are  two  ornamental  Ferneries,  opening  from  draw- 
ing-room, large  Camellia-house,  two  Vineries,  each  55  feet  by 
16  feet ;  Rose-house,  64  feet  by  16  feet ;  Fernery,  64  feet  by 
It  feet  ;  Cucumber-house,  64  feet  by  14  feet  ;  range  of  three 
Forcing-houses,  120  feet  long ;  Stove,  Propagating-house, 
Tomato-house,  range  of  Pits,  &c.,  with  several  hundred  hand- 
glasses. The  whole  is  heated  by  two  large  boilers,  and  from 
3030  to  4000  feet  of  hot-water  pipes. 

The  other  buildings  consist  of  two  nearly  new  Cottage?, 
stabling  for  three  horses,  potting  sheds.  Mushroom-house. 
64  feet  by  15  teet  ;  range  of  lofts  used  as  fruit-rooms,  &c,, 
about  180  feet  long  ;  sheds,  &c.  The  Working  Stock  is  too  large 
and  varied  to  put  in  an  advertisement,  and  include<i  many 
thousand  Standard,  Pyramid,  and  Bush  Fruit  Trees  ;  of  Pears 
alone  there  are  over  1000  standard  and  pyramidal  trees  of  the 
choicest  and  be^t  bearing  kinds  ;  also  large  numbers  of  Cherry, 
Apple,  and  Plum  trees  of  the  best  cropping  sons. 

The  gieater  part  of  the  fruit  trees  have  been  planted  nearly 
twenty  years,  are  in  full  bearing,  and  the  crop  of  fruit  is  very 
heavy  and  valuable. 

Photographs  of  house.  &c..  with  fuller  particulars,  or  to  view, 
apply  to  GEO.  HARDING,  Tne  Grove,  Fishponds,  Bristol. 


To  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  Farmers  Builders, 

AND     OIHERS. 

TO  BE  SOLD  (in  consequence  of  the  owner 
retiring  from  business),  by  Private  Treaty,  as  a  going  con- 
cern. The  HOLLY  NURSERIES,  Bold,  near  Warrington, 
established  almost  a  century;  comprising  a  handsome  newly- 
erected  Brick  and  Stone  built  Double-fronted  Dwelling  house, 
with  three  entertaining  Rcoms,  entrance  Hall,  Staircase,  five 
Bedrooms,  large  Kitchen  and  Scullery  with  Nursery  over,  four 
Cellars  and  Oui-oflice;,  standing  on  an  elevated  site  with  taste- 
fully laid  out  Walks  and  Ornamental  Grounds  and  Shrubberries. 

The  NURSERY  LAND,  containing  about  22  acres,  is  well 
stocked  with  thousands  of  choice  Flowering  Shrubs  and  Ever- 
greens, including  Gold,  Silver,  Hodgins',  and  other  fine  Hollies, 
from  I  to  n  feet  high;  Forest,  Fruit,  and  Ornamental  Trees, 
Roses,  Thorns,  Privet,  &c.  Theie  are  three  strong  Green- 
houses, Propagating  Frames,  loose  Lights.  &c. 

The  FARMSTEAD  consists  of  above  18  acres  of  rich  arable 
land,  with  or  without  the  growing  crops  thereon,  togeiher  with 
a  detached  Dwelling-house,  with  two  sitting  and  five  Bedrooms. 
Ornamental  and  Kitchen  Gardens,  Ranges  of  extensive  Out- 
buildings, Shippons,  Stabling,  newly  erected  Catt-shed  of  large 
size,  and  other  Offices  ;  also  six  well  tenanted  Cottages  with  the 
appurtenances  thereto. 

The  whole  comprises  about  40  a.  2  r.  36  p.  of  well  drained 
FREEHOLD  LAND,  in  full  heart,  in  a  ring  fence,  with  front- 
ages at  least  half  a  mile,  to  the  two  main  roads  from  Liverpool, 
St.  Helens,  and  Warrington.  Situate  one  mile  from  the  Farn- 
worth  and  the  Clock-face  Stations  on  the  London  and  Norih- 
Western  Railway,  and  4^  miles  from  Warrington;  it  is  well 
situated  for  a  Public  Pleasure  Garden. 

A  view  and  all  particulars  may  be  had  from  the  proprietor, 
Mr.  JOHN  STEAD,  on  the  Premises,  also  from  Messrs. 
ROBERT  DAVIES,  SHARP  AND  KIRKCONNEL  Solicitors, 
Warrington;  or  from  Messrs.  ARTINGSTALL  AND  HIND, 
Auctioreers,  Manchester. 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late   of  Victoria  Park)    is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the   FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
IIS.  Listria  Park.  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


LILIES  OF  THE  VALLEY. 
FORClNr,  CROWNS,  i.e.,  3-yr.  old  strong  flowering 
Crowns,  of  my  well-known  large  flowering  variety.  Prices 
per  1000.  10,000.  or  20  ooo  on  application. 

PLANTING  CROWNS,  i  e.,  young  Plants  for  growing  on 
for  forcing,  the  true  large  fljw-ring  variety,  acclimatised,  and 
which  will  be  fit  for  forcing  two  years  after  planting,  I  have 
long  since  proved  that  Lilies  of  the  Valley  can  be  successfully 
grown  in  England,  and  in  many  cases  excel  those  from  Germany. 
I  recommend  every  one  who  requires  crowns  for  forcing  to  grow 
them  himself.  A  Pamphlet,  "  How  to  Grow  Lilies  ot  the 
Valley  Successfully,"  will  be  sent  free  with  every  order  amount- 
ing to  \os.  and  upwards.  Delivery  from  November  to  April. 
Pric*  i-^j  per  1000,  including  package.  Cash  only.  No  order 
without  fciiiitiance  will  be  acknowledged. 

T.   JANNOCH,   Lily  of  the  Valley  Nursery,  Dersingham, 


King's  Lynn,  Norfolk. 


CARTERS' 
EARLY   BULBS 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  prodiice  Beautiful  White  and  Coloured 
Flowers  for  Christmas  Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Eirliest  White  Roman  HYACINTHS. 
The  Largest  Bulbs  of  the  Year 

We  do  not  kerp  a  Second  She. 
Per  100,  7  6t.  ;  per  dozen  ,  ai.  f>d. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  icio,  loj.  6i,  :  per  dozen,  if.  ^d. 

CARTERS'  Paper-white  NARCISSUS. 


Per  I 


(>d.  ■ 


.  id. 


CARTERS'  Red  and  Yellow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  ICO,  4J.  ^d.  ;  per  dozen,  Zd. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  103,  3J.  ;  per  dozen,  6d. 
ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 


2I,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 

Warrants  to 

E  U.  The  Queen, 

and  His  Royal  Highness 

The  Prince  of  Wales, 


For  Sale. 

THIRTY   THOUSAND   GENISTAS, 
in  thumbs,  good   plants  for  shifting  to  48's,  at  13^.  per 
loo  ;  \s.  6d.  per  100  for  cases  and  packing  ;  for  Cash  only. 
Post-office  Orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 
T.  BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road, 


^K^^iicz^  a^Wv^ 


TT    IS    NOW    ADMITTED,   not    only  by 

-L  thousands  in  the  United  Kiiigdom  who  make  their  annual 
visit,  but  by  hundreds  of  foreign  customers  and  friends,  that 
the  "HOME  OF  FLOWERS"  affords  much  the  most  glowing 
and  interesting  floral  sight  in  the  world.  It  should  be  distinctly 
understood  that  we  wiile  our  own  announcements,  and  do  not 
pay  others  to  trumpet  forth  our  prcduclions,  neither  are  tickets 
necessary  to  see  and  verify  our  statements.  It  must  also  be 
known  that  we  do  not  put  imaginary  constructions  and  value  on 
the  perfectness  of  our  collection-;.  We  have  all  the  newest  and 
best  oldest  varieties  collected  from  all  sources,  irrespective  of 
cost,  for  comparison,  consequently  we  have  the  very  best  evi- 
dence and  material  for  knowing  and  obtaining  valuable  improve- 

lust  at  this  moment  our  BEGONIAS,  GLOXINIAS, 
ZONAL  PELARGONIUMS,  VERBENAS,  DAHLIAS. 
EARLY-FLOWERING  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  and  other 
various  families  are  in  the  zenith  of  their  perfection,  and  excel 
anything  ever  before  seen  in  this  country.  Again,  without 
seeing  it  one  would  scarcely  believe  that  we  have  a  DOUBLE 
VERBENA  (Defiance  fl.-pl  ).  or  credit  that  mortal  hands 
could  produce  a  plant  perfectly  intermediate  between  a  very 
tall  and  a  very  dwarf  variety,  with  parentage  equally  propor- 
tionate ;  but  here  it  is.  and  what  is  supposed  to  be  the  greatest 
stride,  surprise,  and  victory  ever  achieved  in  cross-breeding. 

We  are  proud  to  receive  all  lovers  of  flowers,  and  many  on 
the  termination  of  their  inspection  say,  "  The  intensity  of 
colour  is  too  much  and  too  dazzling  for  the  eye  ;  "  others 
remark,  "Your  flowers  are  wonderful,  and  I  must  certainly 
repeat  the  visit." 


H.    CANNELL     &     SONS, 

The  Home  of  Flowers, 

SWANLEY,  KENT. 


DUTCH   FLOWER  ROOTS 

JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS 


HYACINTHS,  NARCISSUS,  TULIPS,  a»<i other  BULBOUS  ROOTS; 

and  are  pleased  to  say  that  they  are  in  exceptionally  fine  condition. 

BULB    CATALOGUE    FOR    1886 

Has  now  been  Posted  to  all  our  Customers ;    any  one  not  having  received  the  same,  a  Duplicate 
Copy  will  i7>imediately  be  forwarded  Post-free  on  application. 


Bulbs  for 


Early  Forcing. 


ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERY,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  LONDON,  S.W. 


FIRST    CONSIGNMENTS    OF 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 
DOUBLE    ROMAN  and   PAPER-WHll'E    NARCISSUS, 
to  hand.     Finest  quality  and  in  splendid  condition. 
Early  Orders  solicited. 
Complete  CATALOGUE  of  DUTCH  FLOWERING  BULBS 
Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 
F.    &    A.     DICKSON    &    SONS, 
The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  Chester. 

TRAWBE¥rY  plants,  for  Forcing  and 

Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market 

Apply  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park,  Stamford. 

ARNATION  "PRIDE  of  PENSHURST." 

—The  most  beautiful  yellow  (First-cla.s  Certificate  Royal 
Horticultural  Society).  Vigorou;  grower,  perpetual  bloomer, 
suitable  for  either  pot  culture  or  borders,  perfectly  hardy,  forces 
well.  Healthy,  well  rooted  plants,  established  in  pots,  of  this 
lovely  variety,  I2(.  per  dozen  :  sample  plant  post-free  for 
fifteen  penny  stamps. 

F.  WEBBER,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

Tree  Carnations  and  Ferns 
B.   MAY   invites  visitors   to   London   to 

inspect  his  unrivalled  slock  of  the  above.  Silver 
Street  and  Angel  Road  Stations,  G.  E,  Railway,  are  within  a 
few  minutes'  walk  of  the  nursery. 

Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

Grape  Vines 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
slock  of  GRAPE  VINES,  clean,  robust,  and  healthy.  Intend- 
ing  purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  Iha 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5^.  and  -js.  dd.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  lat.  id.  and  12^.  id.  each. 

The  Vineyard,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

Pterls  cretlca  Mayll. 

HB.  MAY  is  now  offering  the  above,  which 
•  is  one  of  the  greatest  mvellies  of  the  season.  The 
Plant  is  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit  ;  the  fronds  beautifully 
branched  and  crested  ;  and  the  variegation  very  distinct.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  lovely  FERNS  ever  offered.  Has  been 
awarded  First  class  Certificates  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
and  Royal  Botanic  Societies. 

Well  furnished  Plants,  in  4S's,  71.  id.  each. 
Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


H. 


Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upp'^r  Edir 


Middlesex. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

The  Three  Best  Sorts. 
PRESIDENT,  )  Well-established,  in  small 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  V     P"ts.  71- trf  per  ico,  70J. 

VICOMTESSE  H.  DETHURY,        P"   '°°°  ■    °'"  '^l    f"^'"' 

'  ;      5s.  per  100,  45s  per  1000. 

Cash.     Extra   p'ants  for  carnage.     Package  free      Specially 

prepared  for  for  forcing  or  planting  out.     Sure  to  produce  heavy 

H,  I.  HARDY,  Stour  Valley  Seed  Grounds,  Bures.  Suffolk. 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  i836,  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Crowes  The 
Catalogue,  containing  details  of  iheir  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane, 
St.  Mary  at-HiU,  London,  E.C. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  ofTer  to  the 

•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well-grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties).  EPACR IS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  olher  FERNS:  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS.  VINES  in  pots.  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

The   ANNUAL   SALE    by  AUCTION  will    be    held    on 
TUESDAY,  September  14. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 


IMPORTANT      ANNOUNCEMENT. 

WILLIAM  &  GEORGE   STEWART 

(Senior  Partners  of  the   Firm    of  John    Stewart   &    Sons), 

NURSERYMEN,  SEEDSMEN,  and  FLORISTS, 

DUNDEE  and  BROUGHTY  FERRY, 

'Will  Conduct  the  Business  on  their  own  Account 

after  Martinmas  First. 

t^  The  Business  will  be  carried  on  under  their  own  Persona 
Superintendence,  along  with  Competent  Assistants  in  all  Depart- 
ments ;  and  they  hope  to  be  Favoured  with  a  Continuance  of  the 
Patronage  so  long  bestowed  upon  them. 

AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

AND    LILIUM    HARRISII, 

Grown  by  Wm.  Risley,  Maritzburg,  Natal. 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
are  hereby  informed  that  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  description.  The  Bulbs  promise 
to  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  market. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  freely  for  delivery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early 
application.  Quotations  very  low. — Terras— net  cash.  For 
prices  and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR, 

17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


26o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


The  Daily  Telegraph  of  August  20,  1 886,  in  a  Leading  Article,  states  :— "  Tomato  growers  in  the  Channel  Islands  seem  in  a  fair  way  of 
makin"  fortunes.     There  is  no  doubt  the  time  is  near  when  the  market  will  be  as  well  supplied  with  Tomatos  all  the  year  round  as  Cucumbers." 

THE  GUERNSEY  AND  JERSEY  FRUIT  AND  PRODUCE 

COMPANY,  LIMITED. 

Registered  under  the  Joint  Stock  Co??ipa?iies'  Acts,   1862  to  1883,  zvhereby  the  liability  of  the 
Shareholders  is  limited  to  the  amount  of  their  Shares. 

CAPITAL   £20,000,    IN   4,000   SHARES   OF   £5    EACH. 

First  Issue  of  £15,000  (3,000  Shares)  without  premium,  a  number  of  which  have  been  already  taken  up  privately. 
Payable  £2  10s.  on  Allotment,  and  it  is  not  intended  at  present  to  call  up  more  than  £2  10s.  per  Share. 

LONDON        BANKERS  —  CAPITAL    and     COUNTIES     BANK.     Head    Office    and    Jersey. 

GUERNSEY    BANKERS— commercial  banking  company,  High  street. 

LONDON     OFFICE  — 4.  Tokenhouse  Buildings,  Bank  of  England.  GUERNSEY    OFFI  CE— Glasshouses  and  Vineries,  Courtil  de  Jacques. 

MANAGER-HENRY  de  jersey.  SECRETARY-EDWARD  oxenford  preston. 


'^PHE   GUERNSEY  and  JERSEY  FRUIT  and  PRODUCE 

1-  COMPANY  (KiMiTK..)  has  Veen  .stabll^hed  for  the  purpose  of  Growing  Fruit  and  the 
Produre  penerallv  of  ihe  Channel  Islands,  and  also  for  Receiving  such  Produce  from  Growers 
and  Supilyitig  the  same  direct  to  Consumers  and  Retail  Establiihrnents.  The  Trade  has 
hilh»tt  I  btt-n  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  o(  piivate  growers,  except  two  local  companies  which 
h*vepiid  iheir  sha  eh  Iders  from  12  to  20  per  cent,  dividends,  and  is  wall  koown  to  be  of  a  most 
profi'.able  character. 

The  Directors  with  confidence  recommend  the  operations  of  this  Company,  for  which  there  is 
a  fine  npii  n  g,  as  an  unusually  sa^e  and  remunerative  invtsiment  -i.afe,  because  nearly  the  whole 
i»f  the  Cointaiiy'a  capital  is  being  inveiied  in  fiot-class  laud  in  Guernsey,  and  Glasshouses  for  the 
Cultivjti  n  of  Grapes,  Melons,  Tomatos,  Beans,  and  ether  Choice  Fruits,  which  are  supplied 
Irom  ihe  Chai.nel  I:.land>  into  England. 

The  p'operty  of  the  Company  wi  1  increase  in  value  with  ihe  growth  of  the  Vines. 

Profits  d.  r'.ved  from  dealing  in  Fru't  and  Garden  Pr  iduce  of  the  Channel 


Ihe  year's 

The  Sal 
quarter  of  a  I 

Oae       ai 
Two 


dors  anticipate  a  dividend  of  at  least  10  to  12  per  cent.  00 

of  Tomatis  from  one  house  only,  for  the  week  ending  August  7,  amounted  to  a 
n.  The  Directors  have  erected  on  the  Company's  Estate,  to  secure  the  coming 
ivhich  prove  very  remunerative,  the  follow 


3  feet  House. 
ditto. 


Total,  fourteen  long  Span  Glassho' 


Eight 
Nine 
Ten 


3  feet  Hou- < 
ditto, 
ditto. 


One      180  feet  House, 
Two  ditto. 

Three  ditta 

Large  Vinery,  45leetwide. 


.aking  a  total  of  abi 


:i.   ihe   Dirt 
Bd.v:dends 


of  the 


3wing  rates  :  — 
>Fxtens!Vd  building  operations  took  place  during  these  years. 


iShai 


The  HoriicuUural  Times.  Juni 
"J  he  development 
dealt  with  by  Us.  and 
p-ove  w*iat,  under  high 
and  Produce  Com  ^a.iy  i 
when  its  estate  did  noi 
glas*  erected  ! 


The 

ho'd=rb  I 


nly  inh;r  Vinery  C>mpany  which 


ej  operations  recently  has  paid  its  Share- 


refers  to  the  Company  as  follows  :  — 
if  Market  Gardening  in  the  Channel  Islands  has  often  been 
e  are  glad  to  le^rn  that  effjrts  are  being  made  to  still  further 
iilture,  the  land  will  produce.  The  Gurnsey  and  Jersey  Fruit 
a  striking  example  of  this.  Incorporated  only  last  February — 
101  contain  a  single  g'aishouse— it  his  11 -w  50,000  square  feet  of 
J  as  local  manager  one  ot  the  mist  success'ul  growers  in  Guernsey, 
tgement.  half  the  capi<al  only  called  up,  and  nearly  the  whole  of 
capiial  invested  in  freehold  land  and  houses,  and  of  progressing  value,  this  venture  will, 
we  predict,  (ucceed  It  his  started  in  the  right  spot,  under  the  iit,ht  management,  and 
is  raising  the  nght  sort  ot  produce.  As  we  write,  we  have  specimens  of  the  Company's 
first  Tomato  consignment  before  us— grown  without  he^l  — and  we  can  vouch  for  their 
excellent  quality.     Colour  and  size  are  almost  perfect." 


or?"  Appiicaiions  for  Shires,  stating  number  required,  can  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Guernsey  and  Jersey  Fruit  ani  Produce  Company, 
4,  Tokenhouse  Buiidings,  Ban's  of  Engtand,  London,  E.C.;  or  to  ihe  Companfs  Bankers.  Prospectuses  and  any  information  desired  will  be 
itippited  on  application. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,    iv.c. 


1886. 


Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'    Chronicle"    for 


.  Months, 


commencing 


_,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0. 0. 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £1  3/.  \od. ;   6  Months,  \\s.  \\d.;    3  Months,  6^. ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  ^l  6j.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  %s.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS.  o^c 


Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


August  28,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


261 


WEBBS': 


FREE  BY  POST 
OR  RAIL. 


FOR  EARLY 
FORCING. 


BULBS, 


ROMAN    HYACINTHS. 

Early  White,  selected  10  lis  ..         ..       ir.  6rf.  per  doz. 

Ditto  ..         ..  1 6s.  per  100. 

Finest  named  Hyacinths 6l.  to  I2j.  per  doz. 

POLYANTHUS    NARCISSUS. 


EARLY    TULIPS. 


WEBBS' 
BULB  CATALOGUE, 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  tbe  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


SEEDLING   PLANTS   OF    CHOICE 
FLORISTS'    FL0WER3,    Ac. 

IVe  liavt  much  f'Uaslire  in  off<^rin^  itronz  healthy 
Immplanled  SrtJ/inss  from  our  mptrb  strains  of  the 
fottovjing :—  Per  doz.     Per  loo. 

CALCEOL^RHS.  from  choicest  flowers     J.  d.  s.  d. 

only. beautifully  tigered  and  spoued..     I     6     ..   lo     6 
CARNATION'S  and  PICOTEES,   liom 
staee  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent. 

of  fine  double  bloomi 16     ..   10    6 

CARNATIONS,  choicest  yellow,  very  fine    a    6    ..     — 
CINER.'VRIAS.  (rom  a  grand  strain       ..      i     6     . .    10     6 
,,     new  dwarf,  large  flowered,  fine  2     o     . .    12     6 

CYCLAMEN,  Strorg  young  plants,  from 

single  Dots,  for  blooming  next  season.,       —       ..     — 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM    ALBUM, 

pjre  whire,  very  fine       ..  ..     4     6     .,   30     o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed       ..     4    o     ..   as    o 
PRIMULA,  Crimson  Kmg,   magnificent    26..— 
,,     Ciimson  King,  extra  strong  plants  ..     36     ..     — 
,.    Daniels' choicest  white,  fine  . .        ..     i    6    ..   10    6 

,,     Daniels' choicest  red,  splendid        ..     1     6     ..10    6 
,,    Daniels*  choicest  mixed,  many  beauti- 
ful varieties  ..  ..         ..  ..     16..106 

„    Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  extra  strong 

plants  36. .150 

PANSY.    Emperor   ^Vllliam,   deep  ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine    ..  ..     ro..     76 
POLYANTHUS,  Eoldlaced,  very  choice     10..      76 
BLUE  GUM  TREE  of  AUSTRALIA  (EUCALYPIUS 
GLOBU  LUS),  fine  for  greenhouse  or  sub-tropical  garden. 
Said  to  be  the  most  p  owerful  febi  ifuge  known.    Fine  young 
Plants  of  this  interesting  species,  dd.  each,  55,  per  dozen, 
Carriase  Paid  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order. 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich, 


EARLY  FORCING  AND  OTHER 
FLOWERING 

BULBS 

of  finest  quality,  in  endless  variety, 
at  moderate  prices. 

Catalogues  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 


LITTLE     &     BALLANTYNE, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

CARLISLE. 


B  U  L  B  S. 

Illustrated  Priced  CATALOGUE  of  HYA- 
CINTHS, TULIPS,  and  other  BULBS,  con- 
taining the  best  of  everything,  and  low  in  price, 
may  be  had,  Post-free,  on  application  to 

WM.     PAUL    &    SON, 

PAULS'    NURSERIES, 
WALTHAM     CROSS. 


Now  Ready. 

SEEDSMEN    BT    ROYAL    WARRANTS 
To  Her  Majesty     %^J9      To  H,R  H  the 
The   Queen.       ^^^^^  Frlnce  of  Wales. 

SUTTON'S 
AUTUMN  CATALOGUE 

FOR    1886, 

Contains  complete  Cultural  Instructions  and 

Select  List  of  the  best  kinds  of 

Flower  Roots  ; 

HANDSOME   COLOX7RED   PLATE, 

ILLUSTRATIVE   OF 

SUTTON'S    HYACINTHS, 
in  full  bloom  at  the  Dutch  Bulb  Farms, 

AND 

NUMEROUS    ENGRAVINGS. 


Gratis   and   Post-free   on   application. 

SUTTON    &    SONS, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

READING,       BERKS. 


DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS, 

B.  S.  WILLIAIS, 


HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,   NARCISSI, 

LILiamS,    GLADIOLI,    &c., 

KtQUIRHD    BY 

Her  Majestfs  Commissioners  of  Works 


ROYAL  PARKS,  and  bv  thb  METROPOLITAN  BOARD 
OF  WORKS  FOR  THEiii  LONDON  PARKS, 


DUTCH  and  FRENCH   BULBS, 


EARLY    ORDERS    SOLICITED. 


The  Illustrated  Bulb  Catalogue 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAV,  LONDON,  N. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

G«DUemeD  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Ur.   COOPER,  FRH3,    Calcot  Gardens.    Readlne, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  soru  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS    on    application. 

BERLIN  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  CROWNS, 

STRONG    BLOOMING, 

OPFHRHD   BY 

JOSEPH  ELAR, 

19(),  LINIENSTRASSE.  BERLIN. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPIXSDID  OONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  130a  species  and  varieties, 

indudinK    Descriptive     *'List    of  New,    Rars,     and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 

W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NVRBERT,    SALE,    HANCEB8TBR, 


THE 


SATURDAY,   AUGUST  28,    1886. 


D  ENBI  ES. 


IN  Manning  and  Bray's  History  of  Surrey, 
1804,  Denbys  or  Denbighs  is  described 
as  having  been  an  ordinary  farmhouse,  which 
was  purchased,  in  1734,  by  Mr.  Jonathan 
Tyers,  the  proprietor  of  Vauxhall  Gardens,  who 
improved  the  place  and  laid  out  the  grounds. 
It  pleased  Mr.  Tyers  to  contrast  the  gaiety  of 
his  public  gardens  by  the  exhibition  of  an  en- 
tirely different  taste  at  Dorking,  and  accord- 
ingly he  planted  a  wood  of  8  acres,  and  named 
it  II  Penseroso,  and  in  its  midst  he  placed  a 
small  temple  abounding  with  serious  inscrip- 
tions upon  the  walls,  while  a  clock,  concealed 
from  view,  rang  out  a  solemn  knell  at  the  end 
of  every  minute  for  the  purpose  of  reminding 
all  who  heard  it  of  the  passage  o(  Time. 

Numerous  retired  walks,  adapted  for  reflec- 
tion, intersected  the  wood,  and  not  far  from  the 
temple  was  a  building  open  at  the  sides,  so  as 
to  exhibit  a  statue  of  Truth  pointing  to  a  couple 
of  recumbent  figures.  And  here  this  very 
realistic  artist  reached  a  climax,  for  the  two 
figures,  large  as  life,  represented  a  Christian 
and  an  unbeliever  in  their  last  moments. 

When  Mr.  Joseph  Sedley,  in  Vani/y  Fair, 
became  inebriated  at  Vauxhall  Gardens,  and 
addressed  one  of  the  young  ladies  of  the  party 
suddenly  as  "  Diddle,  diddle,  darling  !  "  every- 
body took  flight  and  went  home,  and  so  at  last 
did  the  owner  of  the  gardens,  Mr.  Tyers,  who 
departed  this  life  in  1767,  when  Denbies  was 
sold  to  the  family  of  which  Lord  King  was  the 
head,  and  the  grave  conceits  of  Mr.  Tyer  were 
done  away  with.  After  passing  to  another 
owner  Denbies  was  secured  in  17S7  by  the  dis- 
tinguished merchant  and  banker  of  London, 
Mr.  Denison,  M. P.,  whose  nephew,  Lord  Londes- 
borough,  sold  it  to  Mr.  T.  Cubitt,  the  builder 
of  Osborne  House,  and  afterwards  of  the  great 
house  here,  which  stands  conspicuously  on  a 
bold  chalk  promontory  of  the  valley  of  the 
Mole,  and  which  is  now  occupied  by  his 
esteemed  successor  and  son,  the  Right  Honour- 
able George  Cubitt,  Member  of  Parliament  for 
the  Epsom  division  of  Surrey. 

It  is  difficult  to  describe  the  scenery  which 
lies  spread  around  this  commanding  site. 
Olympus  would  not  have  been  too  grand  a 
name  for  a  hill  and  house  which  Jove  himself 
might  covet.  I  have  seen  a  learned  German 
book  whose  first  chapter  commences  in  this 
way—"  Think  a  wall  ;  "  and  it  then  describes  a 
wall.  Suppose  we  think  a  hill  reared  many 
hundred  feet  above  the  town  of  Dorking,  and 
commanding  a  landscape  reaching  from  the 
South  Downs  of  Sussex  across  the  Wealden, 
and  over  Leith  Hill,  and  northwards  into  Bucks 
and  Berks,  and  across  Surrey  and  Middlesex 
as  far  as  such  salient  landmarks  as  the  dome  of 
St.  Paul's,  the  towers  of  Westminster,  the 
Crystal  Palace,  the  Grand  Stand  at  Epsom,  the 
HoUoway  Institution  at  Egham,  and  Windsor 
Castle.  This  is  Denbies  !  and  on  such  a  site, 
so  high  and  so  exposed  to  blustering  winds 
coming  from  the  open  north,  and  from  Leith 


262 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


Hill  and  over  that  hill  by  Dorking  known  as  The 
Glory,  you  would  hardly  conceive  it  possible 
what  snug  lawns  surround  the  house,  and  what 
fine  specimens  of  tender  Conifers  and  other 
things  adorn  them.  The  memory  of  benefits 
passes  away,  but  I  suppose  the  wood  which 
shelters  Denbies  on  the  south-west,  and  encloses 
the  long  lawn  extending  from  the  terrace  under 
the  windows  to  Ranmore  Church,  was  planted 
by  Mr.  Tyers.  It  is  chiefly  of  Beech,  edged 
with  evergreens  on  the  lawn  side  to  break  the 
wind,  since  Beech  woods  are  often  hollow 
below.  A  long  avenue  of  Beech  passes  through 
the  wood— an  interesting  object,  but  without  the 
arch  which  the  Lime  forms  by  the  interlacing 
of  its  branches. 

There  are  specimens  on  the  lawn  which  could 
not  exist  on  the  bare  unplanted  chalk  hills  of 
Sussex  and  Surrey,  and  they  are  all  due  to 
Tyers'  Wood,  which  flanks  them  on  the  windy 
side.  I  noted  among  them  the  following  trees, 
all  from  40  feet  to  50  feet  in  height,  and  all  very 
handsome  specimens  :— Cryptoraeria  japonica, 
Abies  cephalonica,  A.  Pinsapo,  Taxodium  sem- 
pervirens,  and  Pinus  insignis.  There  are  four 
of  the  last-named  tender  Conifers  in  one  group 
on  the  north  side  of  the  lawn,  near  the  beautiful 
and  far  seen  spire  of  Ranmore  Church,  and  the 
two  outside  trees  have  given  their  protection^ to 
the  two  inner  ones,  which  are  fair  and  shapely 
while  their  nurses  have  been  sadly  bat- 
tered and  embrowned  by  the  weather.  In  ex- 
posed situations  the  protection  of  trees  alone 
enables  other  trees  to  prosper,  and  many  lofty 
knolls  owe  their  charms  chiefly  to  their  planters. 
The  big  house  at  Denbies,  for  I  suppose  the 
name  applies  to  the  spot,  though  the  noble 
mansion  is  part  and  parcel  of  the  place,  was 
completed  about  the  year  1S52,  and  much  sub- 
sequent clothing  of  the  hill  with  trees  and  plan- 
tations has  completed  the  conversion  of  what 
was  once  a  bare  down  into  an  exceedingly 
picturesque  park  with  well  sheltered,  winding 
approach  roads. 

A  few  great  trees  are  always  an  ornament 
around  a  house,  and,  thanks  to  Mr.  Tyers  or 
Mr.  Denison,  several  noble  Cedars  of  Lebanon 
and  some  great  Beeches  challenge  admiration 
in  the  park  close  to  the  dwelling.  The  garden 
on  two  sides  of  the  house,  looking  south  and 
east,  is  a  narrow  strip,  which  must  be  appro- 
priate in  a  case  where  further  decoration  might 
seem  to  desecrate  a  park  whose  natural  features 
are  hardly  capable  of  improvement. 

The  ornaments  of  the  lawn  cannot  all  be 
noticed  here.  I  must  forbear  to  name  the 
different  sorts  of  Rhododendrons,  or  to  describe 
the  fernery,  or  the  herbaceous  plants,  or  the 
covering  of  some  of  the  walls,  including  the 
house  ;  but  I  must  mention  the  long  stretch  of 
beds  in  a  single  row,  gorgeous  with  bedding 
plants,  seen  from  the  conservatory  in  a  long  line 
of  purple,  white,  and  gold,  and  from  some  of 
the  windows  of  the  drawing-room.  The  width 
of  the  strip  of  turf  which  connects  the  terrace 
with  the  lawn  lying  between  the  wood  and 
Ranmore  Church  is  not  great.  It  forms,  in 
fact,  a  wide  green  passage,  with  a  single  line  of 
beds  running  down  the  centre.  Mr.  Beesley, 
who  kindly  showed  me  round  the  gardens,  has 
arranged  the  colours  of  these  beds  with  great 
taste,  and  has  thus  provided  in  the  long  line  of 
colour  edged  with  green  quite  a  novel  spectacle. 
The  effect,  too,  is  increased  by  a  large  bed  of 
Hydrangea  paniculata,  which  lies  like  snow  on 
the  turf  at  the  end  of  the  vista. 

The  forcing  and  other  houses  are  extensive, 
consisting  of  many  divisions  for  Grapes,  other 
fruits,  and  flowers,  and  including  a  long  walk 
through  wide  corridors  planted  with  flowers, 
with  intersecting  houses  and  vestibules.  You 
may  stroll  through  these  corridors  and  away 
through  Graperies  into  wide  "  passages," 
as  they  are  called  here,  full  of  fruit  trees, 
including  a  wonderful  crop  of  Plums.  I  have 
heard  of  the  Lapageria  out-of-doors — L.   rosea 


grows  here  at  one  end  of  a  passage  barely  frost- 
proof, and  its  quarters  must  suit  it,  for  the 
number  of  its  gorgeous  blossoms  is,  as  Dominie 
Sampson  would  have  said,  "  Prodigious  ! "  A 
single  plant  of  L.  alba  in  a  more  dignified  posi- 
tion among  congenial  companions,  hangs  its 
white  and  waxen  flowers  from  the  roof  of  a  cor- 
ridor, the  number  of  its  blossoms  this  year  being 
countless— at  any  rate  I  made  a  vain  attempt 
to  count  them,  and  broke  down  at  fifty.  One 
or  two  were  double. 

The  lofty  conservatory,  entered  from  the 
house,  and  communicating  with  the  corridors, 
contains  many  plants  of  much  interest,  and 
some  "good  old-fashioned  sorts."  Tacsonia 
exoniensis,  a  product  of  cross-breeding  (see 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1S72,  p.  1653)  a  South 
American  climber,  hangs  its  carmine  blossoms 
from  the  roof,  looking  like  what  it  is— a  near 
relation  to  the  most  gorgeous  of  the  Passiflora 
family.  Tacsonia  moUissima  is  here,  too,  with 
pink  blossoms,  and  two  sorts  of  beautiful  Big- 
nonias— B.  Chirere,  with  scarlet  and  orange 
flowers,  not  unlike  Gloxinias,  hanging  aloft,  and 
as  large,  with  B.  grandiflora.  As  the  wide  and 
handsome  corridors  are,  in  fact,  conservatories, 
one  need  not  be  particular  as  to  the  division  in 
which  the  few  flowers  that  can  be  noticed  here 
may  happen  to  grow. 

The  Fuchsias,  ranged  along  one  side  of  the 
conservatory  proper,  are  very  remarkable,  and 
require  a  building  of  some  height,  since  the 
plants  are  all  old  bushes  8  and  10  feet  high, 
and  if  you  lift  the  drooping  top  branches  you 
will  easily  get  a  measurement  of  14  feet.  All 
the  bushes  are  loaded  with  blossoms,  and  the 
floral  display  is  so  attractive  and  long-con- 
tinued that  the  names  of  the  sorts  may  be 
desired.  They  are  F.  Dominiana,  named  after 
its  raiser  ;  F.  Souvenir  de  Chiswick,  F.  Venus 
de  Medici,  F.  corymbiflora,  which  is  not  a 
hybrid,  but  an  import  from  Peru,  and  looks 
subtropical  out-of-doors  through  the  summer ; 
F.  triumphans  and  F.  Rose  of  Castille. 

A  bank  of  Begonias  along  the  front  wall  of  a 
corridor  is  something  to  linger  over,  especially 
when  composed  of  the  new  sorts,  which  some 
one  has  called  "  tremenduous,"  and  when  the 
annual  Lobelia  ramosa  runs  along  in  front  with 
light  blue  flowers  and  delicate  foliage,  a  plant 
never  out  of  place  in  the  front  row  of  the  con- 
servatory, where  its  weeping  habit  of  growth 
effectually  breaks  thestraight  lines  of  such  a  posi- 
tion. Among  other  plants  I  noted  the  yellow 
and  scarlet  Brugmansia  sanguinea  and  others, 
Abutilon  megapotamicum,  the  rosy-flowered 
Canna  Ehemanni,  which  should  be  planted  in 
every  great  conservatory  for  its  beautiful  flower 
and  leaves,  and  moved  with  the  sub-tropical 
garden  outdoors  in  summer.  Here  I  must  stop, 
leaving  a  number  of  fine  old  sorts  still  unnamed, 
including  all  those  in  the  stove.  My  paper 
being  already  long,  perhaps  I  may  here  slightly 
alter  Sterne  in  one  of  his  most  pathetic  stories 
— "  Shall  I  name  them  ?     No."  H.  E. 


BULBOPHYLLUM  SAUROCEPH.\LUM,   n.  sp.* 

Amidst  all  thepeti/es  korreurs  which  the  protean 
Orchids  afford  this  one  ranks  with  uncommon  dig- 
nity. It  combines,  as  some  Bulbophyllarias  do, 
tha  commoo  habit  of  a  Bulbophyllum  with  a 
curious  clavate  thick  bright  red  rhachis  of  the  inflor- 
escence, and  this  is  loaded  with  flowers  which  make 
you  think  of  the  heads  of  alligators  and  similar  amphi- 


■  Bulbophyllum  saurocephalum,  n.  sp. — Pseudobulbis  tetra- 
gonouspentagono  coaico  fusiformibus  monophyllis ;  folio  streuuo 
cuneato  oblongo  acuto  ;  pedunculo  in  rhachin  inflorescentia 
crasso-cylindratam  incrassato  plurifloro  ;  bracteis  triangulis 
obtusis  puberulis  tiansverse- ovarium  subdCquan^ibas;;  avario 
pubcrulo  ;    sepalo    impari  ligulato  ;    sepalis    paribus 


bious quadrupeds.  The  sepals  are  light  ochre,  coloured 
with  brown  Unes  over  the  chief  nerves.  The  petals  are 
small,  white,  with  reddish  midline  and  borders.  Lip's 
base  deep  purple,  blade  ochre.  Column  white,  with 
some  purple  lines  and  light  ochre  wings. 

This  great  curiosity  was  kindly  sent  me  by  my  ex- 
cellent correspondent,  Mr.  W.  Lee,  of  Downside, 
Leatherhead,  who  tells  me  it  comes  from  the 
Philippine  Islands.  H.    G.  Rchh.  f. 

Epidendrum  pristes,  «.  sp.* 

A  slender  plant,  with  the  habit  of  Epidendrum 
ellipticum,  but  with  larger  and  very  bright  flowers. 
The  pedicels  are  white  at  the  base,  cinnabar  at 
the  top,  sepals  lanceolate,  petals  equal,  but  serrate  on 
the  superior  half,  all  cinnabar  ;  lip  trifid,  as  described 
IQ  diagnosis,  fiaest  yellow  with  a  few  cianabac  spots  ; 
column  clavate,  with  the  borders  of  the  involutal  side 
lacinia,  serrate,  deepest  purple-cinnabar  with  a  green 
anther. 

This  fine  plant  appeared  with  Mr.  W,  Lee,  who 
kindly  sent  twice  very  good,  very  fresh  inflorescences, 
and  even  a  plant  with  roots. 

Many  of  my  correspondents  may  read  with  surprise, 
that  Mr.  W.  Lee  takes  not  only  care  for  the  best 
packing,  for  the  freshest  flowers,  for  excellent  speci- 
mens, and  that  this  geatleman  adopts  also  the 
excellent  custom  of  having  his  full  name  and  ad- 
dress written  inside  of  the  strong  box.  It  is 
very  uncomfortable  to  get  sendings  from  unknown 
senders,  and  what  misunderstandings  arise  from 
anonymous  packets.  And  how  often  do  I  linger  for 
news,  which  might  have  saved  me  hours.  Thus  I 
had  a  fortnight  ago  from  Frankfort-on-Maine,  in  Ger- 
many, a  box  with  a  French  address,  French  remarks  to 
the  flowers,  but  without  any  name  of  the  sender.  It 
contained  very  interesting  monsters  of  Cypripedium 
Lawrenceanum,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  and  typical 
flowers  of  Aetides  pallidum,  Blume,  with  the  remark 
that  it  was  called  Thibautianum  in  France.  H.  G, 
Rchb.  f. 

CHLOGYNE  FOKRSTERMANNI,  n.  Sp.\ 

This  is  a  gorgeous  plant,  whose  morphological 
habits  would  appear  to  be  those  of  a  tHe  carrce,  that 
goes  on  its  own  way.  The  strong  rhizome,  as  thick  as 
a  mighty  condor's  quill,  is  covered  with  numerous 
finally  sepia-brown  sheaths,  and  copious  roots  creep 
downwards.  The  old  bulbs  show  the  scars  of  two 
leaves  and  traces  of  an  ascending  inflorescence. 
Now  one,  now  two  peduncles  arise  on  one  or  other 
side  of  the  leafy  bulb.  And  what  peduncles  are  they  ! 
— one,  2  feet  high,  covered  with  dense  sheaths — the 
flower-bearing  part  flexuose,  with  scarious  linear 
acute  bracts  as  long  as  the  stalked  ovaries.  I  have 
them  before  me  with  twenty  flowers  and  their  scars. 
Mr.  T.  F.  Foerstermann  tells  me  he  found  them  with 
forty  flowers  !  I  see  in  this  inflorescence  a  mimicry 
of  that  of  Miltonia  flavescens.  And  now  comes  the 
strangest  thing.  The  peduncle  dies  away  and  leaves 
its  base,  as  it  appears  quite  dead  and  without  any 
fresh  shoot.  I  have  one  specimen  at  hand,  that  has 
some  sheaths  both  apart  from  the  inflorescence  and 
the  basilar  sheaths.  This  would  bring  the  plant  into 
Dr.  Lindley's  Proliferae,  though  the  other  specimens 
denote  the  group  Erectse,  where  it  must  be  placed  by 
the  majority  of  characters.  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  T.  F, 
Foerstermann  that  the  flowers  are  snow-white  with 
some  yellowish-brown  on  the  lip's  disc.     The  dried 


multo  majoribus ;  apice  excisis  omnibus  extus  velutinis 
tepalis  triangulis  acuminatis  angustis  serrulatis  :  labello  basi 
utrinque  angulato  ;  _  lamina  ligulata  obtusa  :  columna  apice 
utrinque  alata,  ala  bifida,  lacinia  superiori  ascendente  ligulata 
retusa,  inferiori  filiforme.  Ex  insulis  Philippinis  advectum 
dicitur.     Ace.  ab  exc.  W.  Lee.  H.  G.  Rchb./. 

*  Epidendrum  pristes,  n.  sp.— Amphigloltium  schistochila 
carinata  ;  gracile,  caule  (foliis)  inflorescentia  prope  ;  Epidendri 
elliplici.  Grab.  ;  foliis  margine  minutissime  serrulatis  ;  floribus 
majoribus  ;  sepalis  lanceis  :  tepalis  subsequalibus  dimidio  supe- 
riori serratis,  iabelli  laciniis  lateralibus  semiovatis  insequahter 
serratis,  basi  involutis,  lacinia  mediana  porrecta  parva  antica 
retuso  biloba  serrata,  carina  flexuosa  a  basi  in  discum,  callo 
subrbombeo  utrinque  ;  androclinii  laciniis  lateralibus  involutis 
serratis.  Coluit  vivumque  misit  exc.  W.  Lee.  Downside, 
LeathCThead.  H.  G   Rchb.  f. 

t  Calogyiu  Faersierntanni,  n.  sp. — (Erectse.)  Rhizomate 
validissimo  squamoso  repente  ;  pseudobulbis  crasso  cylindratis 
curvulis  pluricostatis  diphyllis,  foliis  petiolatis  oblongis  anti 
nervosis  rigidis  prope  sesquipedalibus  ;  pedunculis  jujcta  bulbos 
evoluto ;  validis  longissimis  a  basi  multi-quamatis  vaginis  dis- 
tantibuss  quibusdam  subinflorescentia  elongata,  racemo  multi- 
floro,  flexuoso,  bracteis  diu  persistentibus  linearilanceis  ovaria 
pedicellata  subsequantibus  ;  sepalis  tepalisque  ligulatis  acutis  ; 
Ubello  trifido,  laciniis  lateralibus  semirotundatis,  lacinia 
mediana  minori  porrecta  elliptica  acuta  minute  crispa,  carinis 
plicatis  a  basi  perdiscum  inter  lacinias  lateralis,  lateralibus  in 
crura  duo  supra  laciniam  medianam  anticam  decurrentibus, 
carina  mediana  evanescente  ;  columna  trigona,  andro:linii 
limbo  lobato.  In  Archip.  Sondaicodetexit  e-KC.  T.  F.  Foerster- 
mann. H.  G.  Relit.  J. 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


263 


flowers  are  equal  to  the  fresh  ones  of  a  very  good 
large  flowered  Coelogyne  Cumingi. 

I  have  dedicated  this  lovely  plant  of  Sondaic  origin 
to  its  zealous  discoverer,  Mr.  T.  F.  Foerstermann. 
I  feel  persuaded  that  this  lovely  inflorescence  will 
constitute  a  fresh  attraction  to  our  Orchids.  H.  G. 
Rc/ib.  f. 

L^LIA   Batkmaniana,  k.  hyb.  {Hort.    Vdtch). 
[A  Hybrid  between  a  Cattleya  and  a 

SOPHRONITIS  !] 

This  is  a  glorious  result  ol  the  Sedenian  skill 
at  the  Royal  Exotic  Nurseries  of  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 
&  Sods,  being  a  seedling  saved  from  Sophronitis 
grandiflora  and  Cattleya  intermedia  five  years  ago— a 
lovely  gem,  a  miniature  Laslia,  with  the  short  peduncle 
of  a  Sophronitis ;  or  you  might  compare  it  to 
such  Lselias  as  L.  rupestris,  or  a  purple  L.  albida. 
Longest  bulb  \\  inch  ;  one  with  one,  another  with 
two  leaves  ;  these  are  Ij  inch  long,  |  inch  broad. 
The  one-leaved  bulb  has  >  short  peduncled  Lxlia 
flower,  as  already  stated,  yet  the  petals  are  pretty 
rhombic,  like  those  of  Sophronitis  grandiflora.  The 
sepals  are  ligulate-acute,  the  lateral  ones  slightly 
recurved  ;  and  the  petals  are  of  a  light  purple  rose- 
madder,  with  the  very  lightest  mauve  hue,  which 
appears  to  get  deeper  as  the  flower  gets  older.  Lip 
triSd  ;  side  lacinise  long,  cuneate-oblong,  obtuse- 
angled  ;  mid-lacinife  oblong,  blunt,  obscurely  wavy,  of 
the  warmest  Dahlia-carmine,  with  a  light  mauve  hue. 
This  is  the  pihe  de  rcsislancc  on  which  the  gem's  fine 
contrast  relies.  The  side  lacini.-e  and  disc  are  white 
with  a  light  mauve-purple  border.  Column  trigonal, 
quite  Lselia-shaped,  with  the  small  dorsal  ligula  over- 
lapping the  anther  ;  white,  with  a  few  purple  spots  at 
the  angles,  four  of  which  peep  out  like  eyes,  two  each 
side  the  anther.  Pollinia  eight,  exceedingly  thin, 
one  pair  much  smaller,  nearly  obsolete.  I  am  very 
doubtful  whether  these  pollinia  will  prove  fertile. 

This  plant  has  been  much  admired  by  the  con- 
iiaisseurs,  and  I  feel  very  pleased  to  have  this  graceful 
document  at  hand,  with  a  fine  sketch  of  the  whole 
plant  prepared  by  Mr.  Page.  This  novelty  offers 
a  wide  field  for  consideration  of  nomenclature. 

Are  all  hybirds  between  what  we  call  genera  to  get 
intermediate  names,  as  that  lovely  name  of  Phila- 
geria  of  Masters  ?  What  do  you  think  of  Catsophia  or 
Sophronitidicattleyidium  ?  I  do  not  propose  such 
names  in  this  case,  nor  do  I  believe  the  cases  numer- 
ous where  they  are  desirable,  as  when  the  plant  shows 
an  absolute  mixture  of  the  characters  of  the  two 
genera.  We  know  many  hybrids  have  the  floral 
characters  of  the  one,  the  foliar  characters  of  the  other 
parent.  In  such  a  case  you  may  place  them  under 
the  genus  whose  flowers  it  has. 

Our  case  is  much  worse.  The  effect  of  mixing  a 
Sophronitis  and  a  Cattleya  is  a  Lrelia  ! 

Now  indeed,  if  you  look  to  recent  publications, 
there  is  no  character  given  for  Sophronitis,  and  if  you 
would  like  to  do  honour  to  "  habit,"  there  are  three 
kinds  of  habit  in  the  genus.  The  single  character  on 
which  I  could  rely,  is  the  expansion  of  the  stigma 
(excluding  Sophronitis  violacea),  but  this  is  not  much. 
Hence  I  must  reduce  Sophronitids  as  Laelia  cernua, 
pterocarpus,  militaris,  purpurea,  grandiflora,  for  those 
who  accept  changes,  and  leave  alone  Sophronitis 
violacea  with  a  remodelled  character. 

This  lovely  gem,  according  to  Mr.  Harry  Veitch's 
promise  that  a  fine  new  hybrid  should  bear  the  name 
of  our  illustrious  excellent  veteran,  Mr.  James  Bate- 
man,  is  dedicated  to  him  in  due  acknowledgement  of  his 
having  finally  made  his  peace  with  the  hybrids  at  the 
London  Orchid  Conference  (see  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
1885,  n.s.,  xxiii..  May  16,  p.  642).  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


north,  while  on  the  latter  portion  of  it  various  fossils, 
together  with  amber  and  cornelian,  are  frequently 
found.  The  walks  upon  the  cliffs  are  very  pretty, 
and  they  command  extensive  views  of  the  sea,  and 
in  the  distance  Walton-on-the-Naze  and  other  objects 
of  interest.  But  it  was  the  fruit  crops  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood which  attracted  my  attention,  such  as  that 
of  the  Apple,  the  Pear,  and  the  Plum,  which  in  many 
localities  are  this  season  far  from  being  abundant ; 
but  here,  in  most  instances  quite  near  to  the  sea,  are 
all  that  could  be  desired.  In  a  sort  of  hanging 
garden,  very  skilfully  formed  upon  a  portion  of  the 
cliffs  about  half-way  between  the  Bath  and  the  Ord- 
nance Hotels,  the  Apple  crop  is  particularly  abundant. 
This  garden  extends  to  within  a  few  yards  of  high- 
water  mark.  It  is  tastefully  laid  out  in  the  form  of 
terraces  connected  with  each  other  by  long  flights 
of  stone  steps,  while  to  the  right  and  to  the  left  are 
grottos  and  arbours  partially  concealed  by  Ivy  and 
other  climbing  plants.  The  fruit  trees  consist  of 
various  varieties  of  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Figs,  and 
the  varieties  of  bush  fruit,  such  as  the  Gooseberry  and 
the  Currant.  A  lofty  wall  which  intersects  the 
garden  from  north  to  south  is  beautifully  clothed  with 
varieties  of  the  Grape  Vine.  The  rods  are  not 
trained  close  to  the  surface  ol  the  wall,  but  are 
secured  to  a  framework  of  iron  rods  at  a  distance  of 
some  18  inches  from  it ;  but  although  it  presents  a  very 
pretty  appearance,  the  aspect  being  nearly  due  east, 
unlike  the  other  varieties  of  fruits  in  the  garden  the 
Grapes,  as  a  rule,  seldom  ripen  satisfactorily.  The 
varieties  of  the  Apple  are  mostly  grown  in  the  form  of 
espaliers  or  cordons  ;  the  trees  are  all  very  healthy, 
and  without  an  exception  every  tree  bears  a  full  and 
heavy  crop  of  what  has  the  appearance  of  becoming 
fine  fruit.  Pears  and  Plums  are  mostly  in  the  form  of 
standards,  and  all  are  growing  and  bearing  freely. 
The  garden  appears  to  have  existed  for  a  considerable 
number  of  years,  to  judge  by  the  appearance  of  the 
trees,  &c.  The  soil  consists  chiefly  of  the  crumbling 
surface  of  the  cliff,  but  may  have  been  enriched  by 
the  addition  of  surface-soil  from  other  parts,  and  of 
better  quality  ;  but  be  that  as  it  may,  fruit  trees 
appear  to  thrive  admirably  upon  it. 

The  flower  gardens  attached  to  the  "  Bath  Hotel  " 
are  justly  celebrated  for  their  beauty.  They  are  this 
season  very  tastefully  planted  with  the  finest  varieties 
of  bedding  plants.  Even  carpet-bedding  is  extensively 
practised,  while,  as  an  indication  of  the  mildness  of 
the  climate,  such  tender  species  as  the  Alternanthera 
amcena,  &c.,  had  well  covered  the  surface  of  the  soil 
soon  after  the  middle  of  the  month  of  July.  Standard 
Fig  trees  here  are  also  bearing  an  abundant  crop  of 
fruit,  and  this  they  seldom  or  never  fail  to  ripen. 
The  pretty  foliaged  Tamarix  may  also  be  seen  in  the 
form  of  standard  trees  of  considerable  dimensions. 

A  little  further  to  the  north  is  the  pretty  seaside 
residence  of  Felix  Cobbold,  Esq.,  until  lately  one  of 
the  members  for  the  county  of  Suffolk  ;  while  on 
the  high  clifi',  close  to  the  sea,  at  Bawdsey  Ferry, 
Mr.  Qjilter,  M.P.,  is  erecting  a  beautiful  residence, 
which,  when  finished,  will  form  a  very  remarkable 
feature  in  this  rapidly  improving  locality.  P.  G. 


FRUIT  CROPS  NEAR  TO  THE 
SEA. 
The  supposed  vitalising  and  invigorating  proper- 
ties of  the  dry  air  of  the  east  coast  of  England  are 
now  being  recommended  by  medical  men  in  prefer- 
ence to  the  more  humid  atmosphere  of  the  western 
shores ;  and  among  other  reputed  health-restoring 
resorts  adjacent  to  the  North  Sea,  and  in  close 
proximity  to  noble  rivers,  viz.,  the  Orwell  and 
the  Deben,  is  the  fast-improving  seaside  town  of 
Felixstowe,  some  12  miles  from  Ipswich,  and  about 
5  miles  from  the  seaport  of  Harwich.  It  is  situated 
upon  a  bold  acclivity  commanding  extensive  views  of 
the  sea,  as  well  as  portions  of  the  shores  of  Essex  and 
Suffolk.  The  principal  line  of  houses  is  within  a 
few  yards  of  high-water  mark,  and  the  beach  extends 
for  some  5  miles  without  interruption,  or  from  Land- 
guard  Point  on  the  south  to  Bawdsey  Ferry  on  the 


^COTCH      ]^  OTEg. 

THE  VISIT  OF  THE  QUEEN  TO  THE  INTER- 
NATIO.MAL  EXHIBITION,  EDINBURGH. 
On  the  18th  inst.  the  Queen  paid  a  visit  in  state  to 
the  International  Exhibition,  Edinburgh.  The 
Executive  Committee  and  the  exhibitors  generally 
busied  themselves  energetically  for  some  days  pre- 
viously in  special  efforts  to  make  everything  attractive, 
and  to  give  Her  Majesty  a  right  royal  reception  ;  and 
they  succeeded  well.  The  Horticultural  Committee 
distinguished  themselves  by  the  excellent  taste  they 
displayed  in  decorating  the  grand  stand,  the  Queen's 
statue  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  principal  entrance 
to  the  grounds,  the  terrace  in  front  of  the  grand  hall, 
the  grand  hall  itself,  and  all  other  parts  of  the 
buildings  through  which  Her  Majesty  was  to  pass. 
The  execution  of  these  decorations  was  entrusted  to 
Messrs.  Thomas  Methven  &  Sods.  The  materials 
used  by  them  were  chiefly  Tree  Ferns,  Palms,  and 
other  fine-foliage  plants,  all  of  which  were  admirable 
specimens  of  their  kind.  The  pedestal  of  the  Queen's 
statue  was  ornamented  with  massive  festoons  of  Oak 
leaves.  The  grand  stand,  an  enormous  erection, 
capable  of  seating  over  3000  people,  was   rendered 


gay  with  festoons  of  evergreens  and  floral  crowns,  the 
latter  of  great  size,  and  formed  with  excellent  taste. 

The  royal  retiring-room  at  the  east  end  ol  the  Exhi- 
bition building  was  entered  through  a  bank  of  Roses, 
and  the  interior  of  the  room  was  decorated  with 
masse?  of  cut  blooms  of  the  same,  supplied  and  set 
up  by  Mr.  Hugh  Dickson,  of  Belmont  Nurseries, 
Belfast. 

Immediately  outside  the  royal  retiring-room  was 
situated  the  exhibit  of  Messrs.  Lamont  &  Son,  Edin- 
burgh, the  principal  features  of  which  were  noticed  in 
our  general  report  of  the  horticultural  exhibits  in 
May.  It  was  now  richly  adorned  with  trophies  of 
single  Dahlia  blooms  and  Lilium  auratum,  which 
presented  a  gorgeous  appearance,  standing  out  in 
relief  from  the  beautiful  forms  of  Conifers  and  other 
shrubs  which  compose  the  bulk  of  the  two  groups. 
The  letters  "V.R."  were  picked  out  in  device  with 
violet  and  primrose  Viola  blooms  on  either  side  of  the 
doorway  leading  into  the  Exhibition  buildings  at  this 
point,  and  which  divide  the  two  groups  of  plants. 

At  this  point  Her  Majesty  entered  her  carriage  and 
drove  past  the  fine  groups  of  Messrs.  Cunningham, 
Fraser  &  Co.,  and  Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson.  The 
former  of  these  two  groups  has  been  recently  wholly 
renewed,  and  comprises  an  interesting  and  beautiful 
assortment  of  choice  and  rare  Conifers,  and  beautiful 
samples  of  Ivies  trained  in  elegant  style  on  moss- 
coveted  stumps  all  arranged  in  a  most  tasteful  manner. 
Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson's  exhibit  has  also  been 
considerably  added  to  and  greatly  improved.  Several 
noble  Palms  and  Cycads  introduced  into  some  ol  the 
principal  points  gave  for  the  occasion  quite  a  tropical 
aspect  to  the  groups,  which  was  enhanced  by  the  in- 
termixture with  the  Conifers,  Ficus  elastica.  Blue  Gum 
trees,  and  Sweet  Bays,  which  are  ordinarily  the  chief 
components  of  the  groups  of  well  coloured  plants  of 
variegated  Zea,  Palma  Christi,  and  masses  of  Lilium 
lancifolium  rubtum.  Messrs.  Little  &  Ballantyne, 
Carlisle,  added  considerably  to  the  interest  of  their 
fine  group  by  the  introduction  of  some  very  highly 
coloured  golden  Yews,  Retinospora,  Cupressus,  and 
other  coloured  Conifers,  and  golden  Hollies. 

Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen,  had  an  exten- 
sive display  of  Roses  in  Messrs.  Keith  &  Co.'s  con- 
servatory, which  were  greatly  admired  by  the  thousands 
of  visitors  who  crowded  the  Exhibition  grounds.  The 
collection,  numbering  many  hundreds  of  blooms,  com- 
prised grand  samples  of  Merveille  de  Lyon,  A.  K. 
Williams,  and  other  favourite  H.P.  Roses,  and  a  rich 
assortment  of  Tea  Roses,  embracing  many  varieties, 
showing  that  even  the  more  delicate  sorts  of  this 
favourite  class  may  be  successfully  cultivated  so  fat 
north  as  the  Granite  City. 

On  the  19th  the  Queen  again  visited  the  Exhi- 
bition for  the  purpose  of  making  a  private  inspection 
of  the  many  points  of  interest  that  could  not  be 
reached  in  the  limited  time  that  could  be  devoted  to 
them  during  the  ceremonial  visit  ol  the  previous  day. 
It  had  been  arranged  that  Her  Majesty  should  plant 
a  memorial  tree  before  leaving  the  grounds  on  the 
occasion  of  her  second  visit  to  the  Exhibition,  but  the 
weather  proving  unfavourable  she  delegated  the  task 
to  the  Marquis  of  Lothian,  while  she  witnessed  the 
operation  from  h-r  carriage.  It  was  planted  about 
20  yards  nearer  I  he  entrance  to  the  grand  hall  than 
the  one  that  was  planted  by  Prince  Albert  Victor 
when  he  opened  the  Exhibition  in  May.  The  tree,  a 
Wych  Elm,  was  presented  by  Messrs.  J.  Methven  & 
Sons,  and  had  been  prepared  by  them  in  anticipa- 
tion in  the  spring. 

Messrs.  Lamont  &  Son's  Nursery,  Mussel- 
burgh. 

This  nursery  is  pleasantly  situated  about  5  miles 
eastward  from  Edinburgh,  Joppa  being  the  nearest 
station,  access  to  which  may  be  obtained  by  over 
twenty  trains  daily  from  the  Waverley  terminus  of  the 
North  British  Railway.  Much  of  the  nursery  ground 
lies  in  an  extensive  and  beautiful  glen,  formerly  the 
site  of  a  considerable  coal  mine,  long  since  disused. 
The  glen  stretches  east  and  west,  and  a  pretty  burn 
or  little  stream  meanders  along  its  bottom.  The 
sunny  slopes  of  the  northern  side  are  planted  with 
Strawberries  and  Potatos,  both  of  which  are  grown 
largely  in  an  experimental  way.  The  cool  aspect  of 
the  southern  side  is  entirely  devoted  to  Raspberry 
culture,  of  which  there  are  a  good  many  acres,  the 
varieties  being  chiefly  Fastoll  and  Northumberland 
Fillbasket.  The  former  is  here  held  in  high;st  esteem 
as  a  profitable  market  variety.  It  gives  an  enormous 
crop  in  a  perpetual  sort  of  way  during  a  longer  period 


264 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  s8,  1886. 


than  any  other  sort  known  ;  there  is  no  flush  at  any 
time,  and  consequently  no  glutting  of  the  market, 


spurious  sorts  on  the  seed  vendors,  leading  not  infre- 
quently to  serious  loss  and  vexatious  litigation  between 


same  time,  but  not  with  the  same  seed,  and  one  row 
proved  so  much  earlier  than  the  rest  as  to  be  ready 
«„,.=  „  coni.nues  lo  Bear  long  alter  most  otner  Rinds       them   and    their  customers,    the    market   gardeners.       for  the  scythe  on  May  26  inst.,  instead  of  June  1 1.    As 
ZLaT^^  "°?:     ^^Z..''"""'"   °f  "'"    2''°   'I      P=   "ops   look    well  at   the  present    time    around       the  value  of  this  grass  is  greatly  enhanced  by  its  early 


while  it  continues  to  bear  long  after  most  other  kinds       them   and    their  customers 

dL?J'!!!'',h''  "T     ^'j^n'^M-"'"  r  ^  "','   ^'"'   '.'      1^"  TP'JT''   ''''1.'"  '•'"  P'"'=°'    "■"'«    "°"°'^       'he  value'oithUgrVs'sis'greatly  enhanced  by  its  early 
^ll^.^'^.^^^.^r'^J^      Musselburgh,  but  as  the  flowers  are  only  now  opening       habit,  it  is  much  to  be  desired  that  the  characteristic 


other  florists'  flowers,  choice  herbaceous  perennials, 
and  alpine  plants.  The  upper  fields  lying  north  of 
the  glen,  and  fully  exposed  to  breezes  from  the  Firth 
of  Forth,  are  stocked  with  hardy  forest  trees  and 
choice  Conifers,  and  deciduous  ornamental  trees  and 
shrubs.  There  is  no  attempt  at  getting  up  shelter ; 
the  stock  must  protect  itself.  It  is  marvellous  how 
well  many  things  do  here  which  in  many  parts  of  the 
country,  much  more  warm  and  sheltered,  prove  very 
disappointing  in  regard  to  their  hardiness.  Abies 
(Picea)  amabilis  (true),  A.  grandis,  A.  concolor.  A, 
lasiocarpa,  all  the  Retinosporas,  and  the  numerous 


It  is  too  early  to  forecast  what  its  value  may  be  at  the 
end  of  the  season.  Everything  depends  on  the 
character  of  the  weather  during  the  remainder  of  Iha 
present  and  throughout  next  month.  .V. 


EXPERIMENTS  ON  GRASSES 
FOR  PERMANENT  PASTURE. 
Mr.  Martin  J.  StJTTON  deserves  the  thanks  ol 
agriculturists  for  his  trials  of  grasses  at  his  farm  at 
^''^"'ore,  near  Reading.  The  extension  of  pastures 
other  ornamental  Conifers,  not  only  grow  well  but  proceeds  more  rapidly  than  the  knowledge  of  the 
assume  a  depth  and  purity  of  colour  which  is  rarely  comparative  value  of  the  cultivated  grasses.  Produc- 
seen  in  these  'parts.  No  doubt  this  is  mainly  due  to  live  land  capable  of  producing  Meadow  Fescue  Fox- 
the  exceptionally  pure  atmosphere  of  the  neighbour-  tail,  and  Cocksfoot— three  of  the  best  grasses, 
hood,  and  of  (he  sharp  light  soil  of  which  the  nursery  which  in  fact  suit  almost  all  soils  when  highly  firmed," 
is  chiefly  composed,  both  conducing  to  the  early  and  is  monopolised  by  such  unproductive  species  as  Dogs- 
perfect  ripening  of  growth  in  autumn.  To  the  same  tail,  merely  through  the  ignorance  of  farmers  and  of 
causes  may  be  ascribed  the  stocky  thrifty  appearance  those  obscure  seedsmen  who  supply  them  with  grass 
of  the  general  stock  of  transplanted  and  seedling  seeds.  Those  who  are  responsible  for  such  ill-seeded 
forest  trees  which  are  extensively  grown. 


we  had  noticed  may  be  permanent.  Probably  it  will 
be,  by  virtue  of  the  same  care  and  attention  which  have 
been  bestowed  on  three  sorts  of  Trifolium  incarna- 
tum,  early,  medium,  and  late,  that  are  now  available  for 
the  lengthened  period  of  six  or  seven  weeks,  while  the 
one  original  sort  was  useful  only  for  about  a  fortnight. 
As  Messrs.  Sutton's  collection  of  growing  grasses  is 
one  of  the  most  complete  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
others  besides  agriculturists  may  gather  useful  hints 
from  its  inspection.  It  recalls  to  mind  the  great  ser- 
vices which  great  traders  may  render  to  the  public, 
and  which  we  have  frequently  had  to  acknowledge  in 
visiting  the  establishments  of  famous  nurserymen  and 
seedsmen,  H.  E. 


Among  Strawberries  Messrs.  Lamont  find  Marshal 
MacMahon  the  most  reliable  for  their  sunny  slopes 
and  light  soil  ;  it  stands  better  than  any  others  in  dry 
seasons.  James  Veitch,  among  approved  and  tried 
kinds,  is  also  a  favourite  with  them,  and  ripening  a 


THE  SEED  GROUND,  BEDFONT, 
FELTHAM. 
Few  of  our  gardening  writers  have  done   more  to 
give  publicity  to  the  beautiful   flowers   and   products 
others  have  raised  or  produced  than  has  Mr.  R.  Dean, 
pastures  as  we  have  sometimes  seen  might  read  a  very      but  few  have  been  more  reticent  concerning  his  own 
uselul  lesson  at  Kidmore.     Among  the  experiments       things,   which  are  grown   at   Bedfont,    or    "  Bede's 
some   are   directed   to  the   improvement   of    an  old       Font." 
pasture  of  inferior  fertility  by  the  use  of  various  arti- 
ficial manures,  the  results  being  similar  to  those  at  Vegetables. 
-        „          Rothamsted,    where  nitrogenous  manures   has  been          Potatos  are  here  a  great  specialty,  not  grown  to 
little  earlier  than  the  Marshal— good  breadths  of  it      found  to  increase  the  yield  of  grasses    and  mineral       ptoduce  specially    fine  tubers,   as    big    samples   are 
are  sown   for  first  crops.     Among  new  kinds  The      manures  that  of  leguminous  plants.    The  other  experi-       not   so   well   suited   for   seed  as  are  those  of  more 

Captain  promises  well   to   take  a  favoured  place  in      ments  were  undertaken  for  the  purpose  of  ascertain-  

this  district,  but  experience  is  not  yet  large  enough  to  ing  the  best  mixture  of  grasses  for  the  formation  both 
warrant  a  decided  pronouncement  in  its  favour.  of  permanent  and  temporary  pastures,  for  the  produc- 
King  of  the  Earlies  is  also  well  thought  of,  especially  tion  of  hay,  which  should  not  be  composed  of  coarse 
as  regards  its  cropping  qualities,  which  are  good,  and,       grasses,  and  of  grazing  pastures. 

being  unlike  Black  Prince-to  which  many  liken  it—  Festuca  elatior  and   Dactyli's  glomerata  are  both 

in  respect  of  the  duration  of  its  crop,  which  is  con.  first-rate  grasses  when  grazed,  but  they  are  far  too 
tinuous  for  some  time-not  a  flush  and  done  with,  as  coarse  for  hay.  Some  advisers  who  have  found  these 
in  that  variety-it  is  looked  upon  as  an  acquisition  to      two  grasses  admirably  suited  to    their  own  soils  and 

""orV-^hT"''        1     ,     .       .  '^q-i^men's  have  forgotten  that  general  advice  should 

Of  choice  herbaceous  plants  there  is  a  very  excellent      not  be  based  on  a  limited  and  special  experience 

..i.M,.„    among  which  we  noticed    large  stocks  o(  The  same  remark  may  be  made  in  regard  to   Rye- 

grass, which  has  been  depreciated  in  recent  years  on 
account  of  several  alleged  deficiencies.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  useful  grasses  on  well  farmed  land  and,  as 
Dr.  Voelcker  found  on  analysis,  one  o(  the  most 
nutritious.  Yet  in  these  days  of  rushing  indiscreetly 
into  print,  it  has  been  asserted  that  Rye-grass  is  an 
annual  instead  of  a  perennial,  as  any  grass  may  be  on 
an  inferior  soil— that  its  one  year  of  life  is  a  year  too 
much,  owing  to  its  habit  of  choking  its  companion 
grasses  and  leaving  the  land  barren— and  that  it 
ought  to  be  entirely  excluded  from  all  mixtures  of 
grass  seeds  used  in  forming  permanent  or  tem- 
porary pastures.  These  assertions  are  strangely 
inconsistent  with  the  fact  that  one-third  of  the  bulk 
of  the  most  productive  pastures  in  Leicestershire  con- 
sists of  Ryegrass,  which  is  always  eaten  down  close,  so 
that  it  cannot  produce  seed,  and  which  has  neverthe- 
less remained  perennial  for  a  hundred  years  or  more. 
There  are  no  doubt  many  sortsof  Rye-grass,  good,  bad 
and  indifferent.  According  to  Sinclair,  Russell's  Rye- 
grass, the  best  variety  at  Woburn,  yielded  twice  the 
weight  of  forage  as  a  named  sort  bearing  a  good  reputa- 
tion which  he  tried  against  it ;  and  we  remember  to 

deeply  shaded  and  lined  with  denser  'infs  of  'heTm";       ''  "''''  '"'  ""'""^  ""^^'^  '"  '^'"  '"^^  '"^  '>^''"-  '"'*  ""^  '"^""^  "  "  ""  °'  ""'  ""'  "''"'  ''"''  '" 
colour  J  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  very  perfect  in  form,  and 
fine  crimson  lake  in  colour.     These  are  a  few  of  the 
more  distinct  named  varieties  of  the  last  and  present 

season's  introductions,  but  there  are   many  in  hand       climate  ;  while  it  seems  to  us  that°those'pro"w7r^  ZZ  "°°'°g  '°  ««<'•     I'  '=  '"deed  difficult  to  get  it  to 

equally  distinct  and  desirable  to  be  sent  out  next  year.       have  defkmed  Rye-gra"  are  onlycompetenf  loLeak  for  P'"''""  ="^  '"=  ==""^  ^'='^°°'     ^  ^ood  batch  of  the 

MussELBttRGH  Leek  'heir  own  land  and  their  own  particular  circumstances  ""°  Snowball  Cauliflower— a  sterling  variety  which 

More  than  half  an  acre  of  land  is'devoted  to  the  ^'"^'}'^^'   '--^  «'  kidmore  was  sown  with  th;  °"g'na'«"ere-was  noted,  nowgoing  to  seed.     This 

aevoted  to  the  approved  mixture  of  grass  seeds  for  a  permanent 
pasture,  including  Rye-giass,  and  in  the  third  year  the 
stronger  grasses— especially  Cocksfoot— have  almost 
entirely  replaced  it.  They  were  not  choked  in  that  fatal 

first  year  !     But  as  these  grasses  do  not  yield  a  crop  ..„^  .„„  ,„,^„  ;,,.„..  „.  .J„„^  „,„iam    'rown  n 

which  is  distinct  in  many  respects  fromTny^'othl;       hatorolZ/rnrnfi,' u  '^f^,^K^T"  ^°"'  ""  '"""  "^^y "o"'  'he'l'^'^e'rAowerr  srowing'grTat^sTzrof°pip.' 

sort    but  especially  so  in  its  exceeding  hardineL    No       example  of  t'he  d iff     1  f  ^^      T  '"«'>"••  ^  good  and  rich  markings.     A  large  breadth  for  next  year' 

market  gardener  in  the  North  will  grow  any  other       '-  stTains'' of  Jhe    f  .      r  '  °'  '''^"'°'  ^"'^""S'  h«  i"^'  b«n  got  out,  whilst  the  bulk  of  the 

sort  If  he  knows  it,  but  so  scarce  is  the  stock  of  seed      tria  grounds  th  s  vea!  ZTll    ^Ta^^P""'  "^  ">-=  P'««>'  y««'^  ^eed  is  harvested.      Canterbury  Bells 

of  the  best  sort  in  some  seasons  that  the  high  price        1  nis  a  v.l  ,lll  ^    ,  Alopecurus  pra-  are  also  largely  grown,  the  strain  showing  numerous 

becomes  a  temptatioR  to  fraud,  and   the  foisting  of      If  aftermlth     Th      /  ^'^f  ■?"'="'"■)'  Productive  double  flowers  of  great  size  and  of  very  diverse  hues. 

got      of  afterm»th.    The  whole  of  the  plot  was  sown  at  the  A  batch  of  the  curious  strain  of  Canterbury  Bells  shows 


Hepatica  triloba,  double  blue  ;  Montbretia  Potsii 
Cheiranthus  alpinus.  Delphinium  chinense  var.  alba' 
double  purple  Rocket,  Papaver  nudicaule,  grown  in 
masses  for  the  Edinburgh  flower  market,  in  which  it 
is— especially  the  yellow  form— a  great  favourite  •  a 
fine  collection  of  Iris  of  the  tuberous  section  of  the 
genus,  and  many  other  popular  and  rare  or  scarce 
things. 

Single  Dahlias  are  largely  grown,  and  much  atten- 
tion is  devoted  to  the  raising  of  improved  varieties. 
Amongst  the  varieties  not  yet  sent  out  are  many  of 
very  superior  merit.  Those  already  in  commerce 
ard  fully  tested  with  the  view  of  sending  out  next 
spiing  are  all  of  improved  form  and  distinct  shades  of 
coluur.  Crimson  Paragon  is  an  acquisition  in  the 
style  of  the  well  known  maroon  and  purple  variety 
of  the  same  name,  but  with  crimson  and  scarlet 
shaded  flowers  ;  Jane  Wallace,  with  beautiful  rose- 
purple  flowers,  boldly  and  symmetrically  striped  with 
crimson,  is  a  very  distinct  and  constant  variety  ;  Mrs. 
H.  G.  Murray  Stewait,  lovely  bright  primrose,  edged 
with  rose-pink,  is  very  chaste  and  pleasing  ;  White 
Paragon  is  the  best  white  we  have  yet  seen,'  having 
ally  formed  flowers  of  about  the  size  of  the  original 


ering  widely  in  their  yield  and  habit. 
The  trying,  testing,  and  continual  comparison  at 
Reading  are  increasing,  and  they  enable  a  pains- 
taking and  conscientious  firm  to  advise  a  great  many 
customers  in  that  district  differing  widely  in  soil  and 


growth  of  the  true  variety  of  this  valued  Leek 
for  seed.  It  is  a  precarious  but  valuable  crop,  the 
bulk  of  which  is  raised  in  this  neighbourhood.  Every 
cottager  having  a  little  garden  grows  as  much  as  he 
can  spare  room  for,  but  all  have  not  the  true  ' 


moderate  dimensions,  but  rather  as  a  well  cultivated 
field  crop.  The  soil  is  stiff,  but  not  "  holding," 
hence  it  is  subject  to  drought,  much  more  so  than  are 
some  other  localities  quite  near ;  but  soils  vary  appre- 
ciably, and  thus  it  happens  that,  whilst  too  absorbent 
of  moisture  in  the  winter,  it  parts  all  the  more  freely 
with  that  moisture  in  the  summer. 

Good  breadths  of  those  sterling  sorts  raised  at  Bed- 
font— Chancellor,  Prime  Minister,  London  Hero,  The 
Dean,  and  Midsummer  Kidney,  together  with  other 
kinds,  new  and  old,  all  looking  exceedingly  well  ;  the 
late  ones  being  robust,  whilst  the  first  earlies  are 
gradually  ripening  off.  There  is  in  one  place  a  batch 
of  seedlings  of  last  year's  raising,  the  products  of  a 
cross  between  Prime  Minister  and  Radstock  Beauty, 
and  the  result,  both  in  tops  and  tubers,  is  singularly 
varied.  In  another  placeis  a  batch  of  the  present  year's 
seedlings  from  various  crosses,  the  interest  attached  to 
Potato  raising  still  holding  sway,  although  in  no  case 
does  it  seem  to  lead  to  exceptionally  profitable  results. 
A  lot  of  Peas  of  various  good  kinds  have  cropped 
well,  and  are  fast  being  harvested  for  seed.  There  is 
also  a  considerable  breadth  of  Exhibition  Scarlet 
Runners — a  fine  selection  and  very  prolific. 

For  the  first  time  Mr.  Dean  has  taken  to  the 
growth  of  Seakale,  both  from  seed  and  "sets,"  for 
the  production  of  forcing  crowns ;  and  in  spite  of  the 
early  drought,  and  the  arid  condition  of  the  soil  even 
now,  capital  growth  has  been  made,  the  seed-sown 
breadth,  when  thinned,  having  given  results  as  fine  as 
seen  from  sets.  It  is  evident  that,  with  a  fair  season, 
very  fine  Seakale  may  be  obtained  from  this  soil. 

The  long-podded  Negro  D«arf  Bean  shows  a  fine 
strain  ;  for  cropping  or  show  purposes  it  would  be 
diflicult  to  excel  this  capital  variety.  The  only  Celery 
grown  is  the  true  White    Incomparable — its  special 


cultivation. 

A  recently  introduced  French  Cabbage  Lettuce — 
White  Chavigny — is  the  only  kind  grown  for  seed,  its 
chief  merit  being  its  ability  to  stand   long  without 


is  one  of  the  best  early  kinds  in  cultivation, 
Flowers. 
In  the  direction  of  flowers  there  is  much  to  attract 
attention.      There  yet  remain  evidences  of  the  very 
fine  and  varied  strain  of  Sweet  William  grown  here, 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


265 


huge  Sowers  and  much  diversity  of  colours.  A  big 
breadth  of  several  hundreds  of  plants  has  been  got 
out  for  next  year's  seeding,  and  a  very  beautiful  show 
will  be  seen  then. 

One  of  the  most  showy  and  useful  of  our  garden 
flowers — the  African  Marigold — is  particularly  well 
done  here,  the  colours  ranging  from  lemon  to  deep 
orange.  And  to  what  a  size  some  of  the  Sowers 
attain  I  Some  individual  blooms  measured  about  a  foot 


branching  habit,  and  fully  80  per  cent,  of  double 
flowers ;  and  Giant  Crimson  Ten  •  week,  almost 
rivalling  a  Brorapton  in  height  and  size  of  bloom — 
all  being  spring  sown. 

If  one  were  asked  to  name  one  of  the  special 
features  in  the  flower  way  at  Bedfont  it  would  be 
Balsams  ;  they  are,  indeed,  very  fine.  The  practice  is 
to  take  them  from  the  seed  bed  when  about  6  inches 
high,  and  dibble  them  out.     By  this  means  they  are 


as   they  should,    the  display  of    these  and   similar 
popular  and  beautiful  flowers. 

Three  good  bedding  Tropaeolums  were  noted  in 
Lustrous,  rich  crimson  flowers,  well  set  off  by  its  dark 
foliage ;  Bedfont  Rival,  bright  orange-scarlet ;  and 
compactum  aureum,  yellow  :  all  good,  and  throw  their 
flowers  so  well  above  the  foliage.  They  may  be 
termed  perpetual  bloomers,  flowering  till  killed  by 
frost. 


Fig.    51.— chrysanthemum   UUGINOSUM  :     HARDY  PERBNNIAL,    FLOWERS  WHITE.      (SEE  f.   274.] 


in  circumference,  though  not  yet  fully  developed. 
The  striped  section,  by  themselves,  presented  quite  a 
floral  picture.  Plants  about  15  inches  in  height, 
very  uniform,  and  clothed  with  flowers,  some  a 
rich  chestnut  in  colour,  others  a  bright  crimson, 
and  largely  we  find  them  perfectly  striped,  self, 
and  beautifully  edged.  Also  aurea  floribunda,  a 
bright  golden  strain,  plants  of  compact  habit  and 
dwarf. 

Summer  Stocks  constituted  another  feature — mas- 
sive spikes  of  Sowers,  and  comprising  the  well  known 
Mauve  Beauty,  New  White  Intermediate,  good  dwarf 


not  encouraged  to  make  too  great  a  roothold,  to  the 
evident  advantage  of  the  flowering  process,  as  was 
seen  in  the  plants  under  notice.  They  were  sturdy 
bushes  of  Sower,  almost  concealing  the  healthy  foli- 
age, the  prevailing  colours  being  mauve,  purple, 
crimson,  carmine,  pink,  Saked,  spotted,  and  other 
hues  and  markings. 

These  plants  would  cause  a  little  sensation,  and  may 
be  a  due  recognition  of  their  undoubted  claims  to  a 
more  extended  culture  could  they  be  "  potted  up  " 
and  shown  at  some  of  our  exhibitions.  Unfortu- 
nately, though,  the  managers  of  such  do  not  encourage. 


Lobelia,  a  compact  very  fine  strain  of  the  speciosa 
compacta  type,  a  telling  blue;  also  a  fine  pure 
white  strain. 

Pectstemons,  remarkably  fine  and  varied,  a  batch 
just  passing  out  of  Sower ;  a  second  batch,  fine  young 
plants,  spring-sown,  coming  into  bloom. 

The  pretty  and  useful  free-flowering  variety  of 
Malva  moschata,  in  quantity,  was  very  noticeable. 

A  strain  of  French  Carnations,  very  pretty,  worthy 
of  record  as  being  produced  from  seed — on  certain 
soils  (as  here)  an  easy  process  of  raising  these  plants, 
obviating  the  necessity  of  "layering"  and  "piping." 


266 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


Fancy  Polyanlhuses— one  of  the  spsciiUties— a 
batch  of  1000  planls  in  one  quarter,  planted  out  in 
the  spring,  many  of  them  already  in  flower.  These 
will  doubtless  present  a  pretty  sight  next  spring. 

Primroses  are  also  a  great  feature,  great  quantities 
of  plants,  one,  two,  and  three  years  old,  being  planted 
out,  whilst  a  big  batch  of  seedlings  from  recent 
sowing  of  seed  is  just  showing  rough  leaf.  A  general 
absence  of  thrips  this  year,  aided  by  nice  showers,  has 
kept  the  foliage  of  these  spring  flowers  unusually 
vigorous  and  clean. 

Quilled  Asters  are  very  robust,  and  never  belter 
than  this  season.  In  passing,  this  appears  to  be  quite 
an  Aster  year.  These  flowers  seem  to  be  doing  well 
in  most  places. 

Of  Antirrhinum  was  noted  a  spring-sown  batch, 
well  grown,  and  in  full  beauty  ;  whilst  the  seed  from 
the  eaily-blooming  breadth  has  been  secured,  the 
ground  being  already  prepared  for  Anemones,  of 
which  a  superb  strain  is  grown,  roots  in  the  beds 
already  sending  up  foliage,  showing  a  very  short  rest 
of  not  more  than  six  weeks.  A  batch  from  seed  is 
raised  yearly. 

Dianthus  Heddewigii  Brilliant,  flowers  single, 
large  and  beautiful— intense  fiery  crimson  ;  the  elTect 
produced  when  the  sun's  rays  are  fully  thrown  upon 
the  bed  is  striking  indeed. 

What  elfective  border  flowers  are  Petunias,  as  seen 
here  !     A  good  striped  strain  was  very  telling. 

Much  more  might  be  said  of  several  other  note- 
worthy things  in  the  flower  way,  but  enough  has  been 
written  to  show  that  these  seed  grounds  are  replete 
with  interest  to  those  who  take  a  pride  in  ex- 
tending a  knowledge  of  a  class  of  plants  that  give 
beauty  to  our  gardens — a  class  of  plants,  too,  that  is 
within  the  reach  of  all  who  love  flowers. 

We  may  well  conclude  these  remarks  by  referring 
to  a  fine  lot  of  trees  of  the  Farleigh  Prolific  Damson, 
ten  years  planted  ;  they  are  breaking  down  with  the 
fruit  crop  this  yea.  This  is  a  favourite  maiket 
variety,  and  its  fruitfulness  certainly  entitles  it  to  this 
distinction,  B. 


ROOTS    AND    THEIR    WORK. 

('Concluded  from  f.  237.) 

Applications  to  Methods  of  Cultivatio.v. 
Seeds  and  Seedlings.  — \^z  have  seen  how  delicate  is 
the  structure  of  roots  after  first  being  developed.  The 
soil  must  be  light,  easily  penetrated,  and  damp  at  the 
surface,  for  all  plants  whatever  their  habitat  may  be 
when  fully  grown. 

Air  must  have  access  to  soil— it  must  not  "cake," 
as  stift  clayey  soil  is  apt  to  do — the  mere  shaking  of 
soil  down  in  the  seed-pot  is  sufficient  for  the  purpose, 
except  just  a  little  pressure  afur  sowing  to  flatter  the 
surface. 

Branching. 
The  branching  rootlets  are  apt  to  get  broken,  they 
should  be  removed  from  the  seed-pot  before  of  much 
length,  and  in  pricking  in  the  seed  it  is  easily  seen 
that  a  displacement  of  the  soil  to  one  side  instead  of 
boring  a  hole  and  shoving  the  roots  in,  is  the  prefer- 
able plan. 

Potting. 
At  potting,  if  we  cannot  indeed  judge  from  the 
seedling  what  is  the  habit  of  the  plant,  we  can  at  least 
see  of  what  na'ure  the  perfect  plant  is,  and  act 
accordingly.  Had  the  plant  a  creeping  habit,  easily 
rooting  from  the  stem,  what  folly  it  would  be  to  press 
the  soil  firmly  around  the  seedling.  Were  the  roots 
very  smooth  and  fibrous,  plentifully  produced,  we 
should  judge  that  the  plant  wanted  plenty  of  water 
and  a  moisture-retaining  soi'.  Ii  our  root  branched 
readily  we  might  judge  that  it  liked  a  fairly  loose 
damp  soil.  If  there  were  n.aturally  delicate  long 
hairs  and  a  hard  root,  stony  places  would  be  likely 
enough  its  natural  home,  and  we  should  pot  it  iirmly. 
As  to  wedging  plants  (alpines)  between  stone.e,  there 
js  the  danger  of  drying  them  to  death — the  stones 
and  small  pots  if  not  plunged  becoming  soon  very 
dry.  It  is  an  excellent  help  in  cases  where  there  is  no 
danger  of  this  drought. 

Repotting. 
In  repotting  plants  great  care  should  be  taken  to 
get  the  old  and  new  soil  of  the  same  density,  else  if 
the  new  is  looser  the  water  passes  through  it  when 
watered  anl  leaves  the  original  ball  dry.  Some 
potters  slope  the  surface  of  the  soil  from  the  centre  to 


the  circumference,  considering  that  the  roots  are 
mostly  formed  at  the  edge  of  the  pot,  or  on  the 
further  side  of  the  old  ball,  therefore  it  is  best  to 
send  the  water  to  the  side.  Others  prefer  that 
the  soil  should  be  quite  even,  so  as  to  secure  an 
equal  distribution  of  the  water.  This  seems 
reasonable  when  it  is  considered  that  the  slope  of 
the  pot  will  cause  the  outside  to  get  most  after 
all.  It  is,  however,  very  objectionable  indeed  to 
see  a  hole  in  the  surface  of  the  soil  into  which  the 
water  always  runs,  and  so  goes  only  through  one  part 
of  the  "  ball  "  thoroughly. 

If  the  ball  be  dusty  it  should  be  shaken  out  or  else 
water  never  penetrates  it,  although  as  a  rule  there  is 
not  much  root  in  the  centre  of  the  ball  of  pot  plants. 

In  cases  where  the  roots  are  very  fine  indeed  and 
make  but  slow  growth  the  roots  penetrate  right 
through  the  ball.  The  best  known  case  of  this  is  to 
be  met  with  in  the  Cape  Heaths.  Where  the  growth 
is  so,  it  standi  to  reason  that  the  "shift"  in  potting 
on  should  not  be  great,  and  where  the  root  is  very  fine 
it  may  be  taken  for  granted  that  it  naturally  grows  in 
a  hard,  somewhat  dry  place.  These  fine  roois  and 
long  root-hairs  need  the  more  careful  treatment. 

In  repotting  also,  except  among  coarse,  easily 
branching  roots  (those  of  not  too  hard  texture),  care 
should  be  taken  not  to  break  the  "ball,"  or  the 
chances  ara  that  the  greater  part  of  fibrous  growths  of 
the  root  are  broken  away,  when  the  shock  caused  by 
evaporation  subsequently  is  too  much  for  the  plant. 

Nor  in  slowly  growing  hard  roots,  which  do  not 
give  off  branch  roots,  as  Heaths,  should  the  fibre  be 
disturbed  more  than  possible,  certainly  not  broken  by 
poking  among  them  with  pointed  sticks. 

Watering. 
Watering  is  considered  about  the  most  difficult  part 
of  plant-culture  to  man.age  well.  That  the  soil 
shall  not  be  too  much  saturated  with  water  is  quite  as 
important  a;  that  it  shall  not  be  loo  dry:  in  the 
latter  case  the  fl:i?ging  is  readily  seen.  Where 
saturated  with  water  the  soil  is  cold  — if  not  decaying 
— and  the  needful  warmth  is  absent  which  causes  the 
delicate  growing  roots  to  devebpe.  Especially 
should  this  be  taken  care  about  where  a  plant  is 
newly  "  potted  on."  The  larger  mass  of  soil  retains 
the  water  more  readily,  and  the  roots  cannot  take  it 
up  quickly  enough  ;  and  similarly,  if  a  "  ball  "  is  not 
fairly  well  covered  with  roots,  it  is  hurtful  to  water  it 
much  even  if  the  leaves  are  large  and  appear  as 
though  they  would  draw  water  up  quickly. 

Drainage. 
As  to  the  drainage  in  pots,  it  is  well  to  have  a 
considerable  amount  where  the  roots  do  not — as,  for 
instance,  in  Gleichenia— penetrate  deeply.  The 
plant  may  like  a  great  amount  of  water  about  it,  but 
it  does  not  want  stagnant  acid-generating  soil,  which 
if  ih;  dr.una^e  is  clogged  is  apt  to  occur.  To  pour 
water  on  freely  and  let  it  pass  off  freely  is  a  better 
plan.  For  the  same  reason  it  is  well  to  have  the  soil 
porous,  not  to  allow  too  much  fine  soil  to  remain  in 
the  potting  mixture,  though  among  common  plants — 
and  coarsely  rooting  plants  especially — it  of  course  is 
not  worth  while  to  riddle  the  fine  away.  We  may 
notice  that  when  the  drainage  is  blocked  up  the 
roots  have  a  tendency  to  grow  to  the  surface  again. 
At  times  we  may  see  pots  well  filled  with  roots  at  the 
surface,  and  roots  absent  entirely  from  lower  down 
the  pot.  This  shows  that  the  roots  object  to  a  water 
clogged  soil.  A  considerable  length  of  root,  as  in 
Imantophyilum,  indicates  great  capabilities  for  ab- 
sorbing v;aler. 

In  many  cases  one  is  tempted  to  moisten  the  sur- 
face only  of  the  soil  in  small  pots.  This,  though 
beneficial,  on  account  of  the  damp,  to  the  leaves,  is 
likely,  unless  very  carefully  managed,  to  be  produc- 
tive of  harm.  The  bottom  of  the  "ball"  may  be 
dry  whilst  damp  at  the  surface — a  most  ruinous  state 
of  things,  quite  contrary  to  Nature.  Top-dressing  is 
\ery  much  to  be  deprecated  also,  for  a  somewhat 
similar  reason— the  fresh  soil  looks  dry,  and  water  is 
given,  saturating  to  a  hurtful  extent  the  old  soil  of 
the  ball  below. 

It  is  much  more  advisable  where  possible  to  plunge 
all  small  pots  in  sand,  wh'ch  keeps  them  uniformly 
damp  throughout,  and  is  more  natural  as  ensuring 
that  the  dampest  part  shall  be  at  the  base  of  the  pots. 

Svringing. 

Syringing,  though  invaluable  in  many  respects,  has 

just  this  drawback,  that  the  surface  is  damped,  the 


base  of  the  ball  not ;  if  well-managed,  however,  it  is 
a  most  necessary  aid,  especially  just  after  potting 
plants,  where,  throujh  the  roots  being  broken,  and 
the  leaves  continually  evaporating,  there  would  not 
be  a  sufficient  amount  of  water  in  the  tissue.-,  did  not 
syringing  allow  of  its  entering  largely  by  the  leaves. 

Planting. 
In  planting  care  should  be  paid  to  the  physical 
nature  ol  the  soil  especially.  For  example,  there 
can  be  little  pleasure  in  seeing  a  creeping  plant 
growing  on  a  dry  sunny  place.  Wherever  roots  grow 
freely  from  the  prostrate  stems  there  must  be  a  fair 
amount  of  moisture  in  the  very  surface  soil  which  will 
attract  them  and  admit  them  readily  into  the  surface. 
Trees  moved  should  be  as  little  injured  in  the  fibrous 
part  of  the  root  as  can  be  :  and  it  has  again  and  again 
been  pointed  out,  that  as  the  ascent  of  the  sap  is  more 
vigorous  in  the  spring  and  summer  months,  when  also 
evaporation  is  excessive  from  the  leaves,  transplanting 
should  be  done  in  winter  or  autumn,  when  there  is  no 
great  amouot  of  leaf  in  deciduous  trees,  or  less 
evaporation. 

Roots  moving  before  Leaves. 

Many  plants  make  vigorous  roots  and  do  not  pro- 
duce leaves  until  later.  I  remember  lifting  some 
rare  plants  (Ranunculus  Lyalli)  growing  in  a  boggy 
place  because  the  leaves  were  poor,  and  as  winter  was 
coming  on  it  was  thought  as  well  tr  take  the  plants 
under  glass.  After  having  dug  them  up  we  noticed 
how  vigorous  and  strong  the  roots  were.  The 
planting  and  lifting  in  such  conditions  ruined  the 
plants.  It  would  have  been  much  better  to  have 
slightly  protected  them  in  the  open  place  where  they 
grew,  had  we  judged  from  examination  of  root  as  well 
as  leaves  before  disturbing  them. 

Roots  of  many  rhizomes,  as  in  Anemone  fulgens, 
A.  nemorosa,  tS;c.,  move  before  the  leaves  do  ;  there- 
fore it  is  well  to  plant  or  pot  these  in  the  autumn, 
that  growth  of  root  may  have  taken  place  before  ihe 
conditions  favourable  to  leaf  growth  are  present  in  the 
spring  time. 

An  example  of  the  dependence  of  root  and  leaf  was 
given  me  the  other  day  by  one  who  had  grown  Vines. 
They  made  leaves  vigorously  the  first  year,  and  were 
not  cut  back  until  late  ;  the  grower  knew  that  whilst 
making  leaves  they  were  also  developing  strong  roots, 
which  would  \-)i  of  great  help  the  next  year  after  the 
stem  had  been  cut  back.  This  was  an  example  of 
thoughtful  pruning.  The  grower  allowed  all  ihe 
leaves  to  be  developed  fully  before  cutting  back  his 
stem,  which  is  generally  the  case  in  pruning,  I 
believe. 

Pruning. 

In  cutting  stems  either  for  pruning  or  grafting 
great  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  strong  ascent 
of  the  sap  before  noticed.  In  one  plant  the  time  for 
the  strongest  ascent  ditTers  somewhat  from  the  time 
for  it  in  others.  I  am  told  that  this  bleeding  from  a 
tree  has  been  known  to  continue  even  after  the  cut 
end  had  been  painted  and  treated  in  many  ways,  the 
ground  just  under  the  branch  being  continually  moist 
from  the  sap  exuding. 

Early  or  late  pruning  would  either  be  preferable 
to  pruning  in  the  middle  of  the  growing  season,  but 
where  possible  late  pruning  seems  to  me  the  most 
recommendable  as  regards  the  catlusing  of  the  place 
cut,  whilst  early  pruning  is  better  where  the  parts  left 
are  wanted  to  "  break  "  or  make  buds  quickly. 

Illustrating  the  dependence  ol  leaf  and  root,  an  old 
story  is  told  by  one  of  our  nurserymen  to  the  elT;ct 
that  he  once  was  growing  Asparagus  a  long  lime  ago, 
and  having  to  keep  a  walk  clear  through  the  bed  he 
tied  string  on  either  side  of  it,  which  string  supported 
the  stems.  The  leaves  or  finely  branching  stem  were 
produced  more  profusely,  and  the  roots  of  the  tiedup 
plants  were  as  a  result  by  far  the  best  in  the  plot. 
Those  which  had  bent  down  had  stopped  the  circula- 
tion of  the  sap.  and  therefore  prevented  the  lull  deve- 
lopment of  the  parts  of  the  plants.  Asparagus  is 
now  often  grown  against  string  support-. 

Shifting  Plants. 
It  is  said  to  be  well  for  [some]  plants  to  be  pretty 
frequently  transplanted.  Bulbs  growing  together  and 
dividing,  are  of  course  enabled  to  swell  to  larger  sizes 
if  shifted,  and  the  soil  below  them  has  much  of  its 
nutrient  properties  extracted.  All  soil  has  a  ten- 
dency to  become  close  also,  and  this  is  hurtful,  as  the 
air  so  necessary  to  sweeten  it  does  not  have  access  to 
the  particles  of  soil.  It  is  harder  for  many  planls  to 
root  if  the  soil  be  very  close. 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


267 


Manures. 
In  applying  manures  also,  it  is  well  to  consider 
their  effect  upon  the  physical  condilioD  of  the  soil. 
Farmyard  manure  contains  matter  which  has  to  de- 
compose, and  its  effect  is  to  split  up  the  soil  and  keep 
it  "  lighter  "  for  some  time.  When  the  roots  are  con- 
sequently benefited  by  these  as  well  as  by  the 
chemical  properties  of  the  manure.  No  such  effect  is 
produced  by  the  smaller  quantity  of  phosphates,  or  the 
like  artificial  manures.  A  surface  soil  if  well 
manured,  should  not  be  dug  into  a  considerable 
depth  ;  unless  the  soil  is  very  light  and  poor,  this 
trenching  is  not  advisable  to  prevent  it  becoming 
too  stiff.  It  is  but  a  poor  remedy,  some  very  light 
sandy  or  rubbley  material  should  be  added. 

Lengths  ok  Roots. 

Roots  descend  to  different  lengths  ;  this  fact  is 
made  use  of  by  farmers  on  laying  down  grass  land. 
It  would  be  useful  in  our  lawns,  and  I  should  think 
that  a  deeply  rooting  grass,  for  instance,  would  have 
a  better  chance  of  growing  well  in  a  place  which  was 
likely  to  be  baked  in  hot  summers. 

Soils. 

Also  if  roots  thrive  particularly  in  special  soils,  they 
should  have  some  attention  where  possible  given  them 
in  the  way  of  supplying  them  with  similar  constituents. 
But  far  more  important  to  my  mind  than  supplying 
plants  with  soils  of  different  chemical  composition,  is 
to  give  them  those  which  retain  more  or  less  moisture 
in  accordance  with  the  positions  in  which  the  plant 
has  grown.  It  is  of  no  use  to  give  a  plant  a  peaty 
soil  of  a  loose  nature,  and  then  expose  it  to  the  fullest 
sun.  Peat  and  excessive  moisture  are  generally  asso* 
ciated  in  Nature,  and  we  should  not  disassociate  the  two 
in  practice.     This  is  but  one  example  out  of  many. 

Plants  with  running  roots,  too,  should,  of  course, 
have  a  light  soil,  through  which  they  will  be  able  to 
easily  send  their  shoots,  and  by  way  of  practical 
advice  I  may  say  that  peat,  unless  very  sandy,  or 
with  leaf-mould,  does  not  form  the  most  easy  sub- 
stance for  roots  or  runners  to  pierce  ;  especially  in 
pots  it  is  apt  to  make  a  very  tenacious  "ball." 

Plunging  in  sand  is  a  capital  attempt  to  remedy  the 
artificial  isolation  with  which  we  visit  plants  when 
potted. 

Growth. 

I  have  thought  that  perhaps  plants  in  pots,  as  is 
the  case  with  many  trees  grown  especially  for  fruit, 
did  not  at  times  produce  roots  vigorously  at  the 
expense  of  the  rest  of  the  plant.  I  have  seen  a  Dac- 
tylis  hanging  over  a  bank,  and  sending  out  15  inches 
of  6brous  root  wiihout  seemingly  contributing  any 
fresh  leaves  to  its  parent  plant. 

In  hoeing,  we  should  not  just  cut  off  the  tops  of 
such  roots  as  Dandelion  and  Polygonum;  we  6nd 
that  they  grow  again.  The  plant  should  be  taken 
quite  out  of  the  soil,  or  at  least  the  root  cut  well 
down,  so  that  the  greater  part  of  the  thicker  tap-root 
is  pulled  out. 

We  often  ask,  *'  What  time  should  cuttings  be  put 
in,  or  grafts  made  ?  "  We  should  look  to  the  struc- 
tures of  the  tissue,  and  see  when  such  are  fairly  ripe, 
and  not  too  woody. 

Where  Orchids  are  grown  in  the  air  they  should, 
of  course,  have  a  damp  atmosphere  kept  up,  and  many 
of  our  pot  plants  would  be  better  grown  if  we  sprinkled 
water  oftener  on  stands  and  about  the  pots. 

I  have  not  been  able  in  this  essay  to  give  any 
definite  '-deas  as  to  how  to  judge  from  roots  as  to 
whether  they  should  be  placed  in  one  place  or  another 
— whether,  for^instance,  they  are  damp-Ioving  or  the 
reverse.  This  has  been  hinted  at,  but  time  has  for- 
bidden any  minute  examination  as  to  these  and  similar 
suggestive  questions.  [This  may  often  be  seen  from 
an  examination  of  the  microscopic  structure  of  leaves 
and  roots.  Ed.]  We  can  all  tell,  for  instance,  if 
we  see  a  root  growing  in  moss  at  the  surface  rather 
than  in  the  soil  below,  that  such  a  plant  likes  open 
damp  compounds  of  a  iight  nature  to  grow  in.  Such 
facts  and  observations  we  can  continually  turn  to 
account. 

In  conclusion,  however,  I  would  say  that  we  must 
not  be  too  ready  to  throw  over  all  "rules  of  thumb  " 
because  they  are  old  and  we  are  new,  and  cannot  sec 
reasons  for  them  at  first.  We  have  many  times  in  the 
investigations  required  for  this  essay  been  unable  to 
find  any  reason,  much  less  the  right  one,  for  various 
results  we  have  met  with ;  how  important  is  it, 
then,  that  in   cur  own  practice  that  we   should  be 


reasonable  enough  to  accept  all  rules  of  thumb  when 
we  see  them  producing  good  results,  only  breaking 
such  rules  when  we  can  better  the  result.  Our 
reasoning  as  to  cause  and  effect  should  not  be  with 
the  object  of  breaking  down  these  old  traditions  of 
experience,  but  in  the  honour  of  our  noble  profession 
to  show  the  common  and  reiasonable  sense  which 
underlies  them.  P.  ScwelL 


FRUIT    AND    VEGETABLE 
GARDENING. 

Season'acle  Hints.  —  It  is  often  a  subject  o( 
comment  how  long  it  takes  the  world  to  profit  by  a 
good  idea,  and  the  potting  of  young  Strawberry 
plants,  preparatory  to  setting  out  in  autumn,  is  a  case 
in  point.  It  is  getting  on  towards  a  quarter  of  a 
century  since  we  made  the  first  suggestion  in  the 
Gardeners^  Monthly  that  it  would  be  well  for  those 
in  the  trade  to  prepare  for  such  a  demand.  At  that 
time  it  was  thought  the  time  would  soon  come  when 
the  demand  would  arise,  and  inventors  set  themselves 
to  prepare  for  it  by  schemes  to  get  the  plants  potted 
cheaply.  Among  others,  our  ingenious  friend  Dr. 
Ryder,  of  Chambersburg,  in  Pennsylvania,  in- 
vented a  very  cheap  basket,  costing  almost  noth- 
ing, which  the  grower  could  use  and  sell  with 
the  plants  wiihout  missing  the  expense.  But 
nothing  came  of  it.  Few  people  seemed  to  under- 
stand that  a  plant  that  cost  a  trifle  more  than  another, 
but  gave  a  good  crop  of  fruit  a  few  months  after 
planting,  was  as  good  as  a  cheaper  one  that  took 
eighteen  months  to  bring  the  full  crop.  Hence, 
when  one  had  prepared  the  plants  there  were  few 
buyers,  and  the  labour  was  wholly  lost.  This 
operated  also  against  the  use  of  the  cheap  boxes. 
They  were  no  use  at  all  after  being  once  set  in  the 
ground  ;  but  a  small  flower-pot  could  be  used  again, 
though  the  plant  in  it  might  have  to  be  thrown  away. 
So  regular  flower-pots  are  still  in  use  for  setting  the 
runner  in.  But  now  that  everybody  understands  the 
vast  superiority  of  potted  plants,  and  even  for  large 
plantations  only  potted  plants  are  found  worthy  of 
use,  it  is  a  question  whether  some  such  a  plan  as  Mr. 
Ryder's  might  not  be  considered  with  some  profit. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  original  intention  was  to 
include  the  growth  of  all  plants  intended  for  summer 
bedding.  The  boxes  are  too  large  for  Strawberry 
runners  that  would  be  only  a  few  weeks  growing  in 
them,  for  they  should  be  a  little  "  pot-bound "  in 
order  to  take  little  room  and  have  little  weight  in 
travel,  and  we  think  the  round  form — a  form  like  a 
box  made  for  salve — for  all  the  waste  of  space  in 
packing,  better  than  the  square.  Our  object  is  not  so 
much  to  commend  this  plan  exactly  as  it  is  to  set 
inventors  to  improving  on  the  idea,  now  that  the 
*' long- felt  want"  has  arisen.  Dr.  Ryder  says:  — 
"Strawberry  plants,  &c.,  that  have  well  filled  the 
box  with  roots  sufficient  to  hold  the  ball  of  earth 
together,  will  pack  secure  without  the  veneer,  and, 
biing  square,  they  pack  close  and  carry  safely.  When 
Strawberry  runners  are  to  be  layered,  the  plants  being 
cultivated  in  rows  and  the  ground  in  mellow  condi- 
tion, we  use  the  tool  or  dibble  to  make  the  impres- 
sions in  the  ground,  using  a  second  tool  or  plug  a 
little  smaller  than  the  first,  and  made  square  at  the 
bottom,  to  press  the  box  flat  down  until  they  are  even 
with  the  top  of  the  ground,  the  soil  slightly  com- 
pressed outside,  when  the  plug  is  withdrawn  and  the 
box  is  ready  to  fill  with  soil,  all  of  which  is  performed 
very  rapidly.  The  point  beljwthe  square  provides 
f  jr  drainage,  as  my  experiments  amply  illustrate." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  what  a  revolution  this  intro- 
duc'ioa  of  potted  runners  has  caused  in  the  whole 
field  of  Strawberry  culture,  and  how  changed  have  to 
be  the  "Seasonable  Hints"  in  consequence.  The 
old  boys  can  no  doubt  remember  the  warm  discussions 
about  mowing  of  the  leaves  of  the  Strawberry  in 
autumn,  in  order  that  the  beds  mijht  bear  better  the 
next  year.  In  those  days  a  Strawberry  bed  was  like 
an  Asparagus  bed  in  this — that,  once  made,  it  was  to 
continue  a  number  of  years.  The  beds  were  solid 
mats  of  "  sod,"  and  almost  like  a  lawn  passed  over  by 
a  modern  mower  after  the  annual  mowing  when  the 
fruit  was  gone.  But  who  sees  a  matted  Strawberry 
bed  now?  The  potted  runner,  if  well  potted,  and 
the  bedded  plants,  if  well  bedded,  will  give  the  best 
crop  the  next  spring  after  planting.  And  thus  it 
comes  about  that  those  who  strive  for  excellence  find 
it  pays  to  have  new  beds  every  year.  Those  who  do 
not  have  the  very  best  potted  plants  find  the  second 


year's  crop  the  best,  but  very  few  in  these  days  care 
to  keep  the  same  Strawberry  beds  for  over  three  years. 
The  "third  term"  is  not  popular  with  Strawberry 
growers  now.  Rotation  in  office  prevails  as  a  political 
dogma  among  Strawberry  growers.  One  thing  is 
certain,  that  a  first-cUs;  potted  runner,  set  out  in 
August  or  September,  the  plants  i  foot  apart  and  the 
rows  18  inches,  with  every  third  row  2  feet  from  the 
others,  to  furnish  a  pathway  for  fruit  culturers  and 
fiuit  gatherers,  will,  if  the  ground  is  made  suitable  to 
the  Strawberry,  in  all  probability  do  its  best  for  its 
owner  the  first  season  after  setting  out. 

In  old  times  it  was  a  caution  not  to  make  the  soil  too 
rich  for  the  Strawberry.  They  would  go  all  to  leaves 
it  was  found.  Under  the  new  system  it  seems  almost 
impossible  to  make  the  soil  too  rich,  so  long  as  the 
manure  is  thoroughly  incorporated  with  the  soil,  and 
the  ground  not  a  mere  rank  manure-heap.  And  a 
deep  soil  that  will  not  dry  out  when  a  few  hot  suns 
shine  on  it,  with  a  situation  where  there  is  an  abun- 
dance of  light,  and  yet  not  exposed  to  the  full  rays  o( 
the  sunlight  wiihout  heat— this  is  found  to  be  the 
essence  ot  all  that  is  good  in  modern  S;rawberry  cul- 
ture. The  doctrine  of  the  wearing  out  of  varieties 
will  rarely  get  an  illustration  from  the  Strawberry 
grown  under  these  conditions.  The  spotted  leaf— the 
fungus  that  interleres  so  much  with  the  long-con- 
tinued vigour  of  any  variety  —  may  not  be  attack- 
ing plants  that  in  the  strictest  sense  we  may  call 
diseased.  The  philosopher  may,  with  some  show  of 
facts,  insist  that  the  plants  are  healthy,  and  that  the 
fungus  is  the  cause  of  all  the  trouble,  but  we  who 
have  watched  the  course  o(  cultivation  through  the 
long  years  past  know  that  "something  is  wrong" 
before  the  "  wearing  out  of  the  variety "  began, 
American  Gardeners'  Monthly  and  Horlicullurist. 


WtXxi  llatw  and  iUanings. 


CHOICE    ORCHIDS    IM    FLOWER. 

WiL  have  received  some  beautiful  blooms  o(  Orchids, 
together  with  the  following  notes  on  them,  from 
our  old  correspondent,  Mr.  Swan,  Howick  House, 
Preston  :  — 

I  herewith  send  for  your  inspection  several  blooms 
of  some  rare  and  handsome  species  which  I  thought 
you  would  be  pleased  to  have  an  opportunity  to 
inspect. 

Cattleya  Dowiana  is,  without  doubt,  the  most 
beautiful  of  the  late  summer-floweving  forms.  We 
grow  this  in  a  basket  in  the  Cattleya-house,  together 
with  C.  Mendelii,  C.  Gaskelliana,  &c.,  and  capital 
growths  have  this  year  been  formed  on  it.  The  short 
interval  that  elapses  between  the  first  appearance  of 
the  points  of  the  buds  through  the  sheath  and  the 
expanding  of  the  blooms  is  noticeable  in  this  species 
more  than  in  any  other.  The  rich  yellow  sepals  and 
petals,  streaked  in  some  instances  with  crimson,  and 
the  broad  labellum  of  a  rich  crimson-purple  lined  with 
a  beautiful  golden-yellow,  make  it  distinct  and 
attractive. 

The  flowers  of  Cattleya  superba  were  cut  from  a 
plant  grown  in  a  basket  hung  in  the  East  India 
house,  just  above  the  Aerides  and  Vandas.  The 
spike  produced  five  good  flowers,  one  of  which  I  send 
you. 

C.  velutina  is  also  grown  in  a  basket  in  the  Cattleya- 
house.  The  plant  in  some  respects  resembles  bicolor, 
the  leaves,  however,  are  rather  more  pointed  and 
darker  in  colour  than  many  bicolors  that  we  have. 
The  pseudobulb  is  about  iS  inches  high,  and  has 
produced  five  flowers.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
brownish-yellow,  spotted  with  purple.  The  lip 
orange  at  the  base,  then  white,  with  violet  veins  in 
front.  It  is  curious  to  notice  the  manner  in  which 
the  column  of  velutina  is  pressed  down  into  the  middle 
of  the  labellum. 

C.  crispa,  a  good  and  useful  old  form.  The  flower 
cut  is  from  an  imported  plant,  which  has  flowered 
with  me  for  the  first  time.  C.  Eldor.ada  is  one  of  the 
many  varieties  ot  this  summer-blooming  species.  Of 
this  form  of  C.  Gaskelliana  we  have  had  several  in 
flower,  and  found  that  scarcely  two  are  alike.  In 
some  respects  it  resembles  C.  Warneri.  It  however 
flowers  about  a  month  or  six  weeks  later  than  that 
variety. 

The  bloom  of  Lslia  monophylla  was  taken  from 
a  plant  fastened  on  a  block,  and  growing  in  a  house 
with  Lycastes.  The  plant  is  very  difi'erent  to  what  we 
usually  expect  to  find  when  speaking  ol  Lrelias.     In 


268 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


growth  it  is  like  a  small  growing  Masdevallia.  The 
bulb  is  about  2  inches  high  and  no  thicker  than  a 
Rush,  or  a  single  stem  of  grass.  The  leaves  are  single, 
and  from  the  centre  of  the  leaf  the  sheath  appears,  then 
a  stem  4  to  6  inches  appears,  which  at  length  produces 
a  solitary  bud.  The  (lower,  less  than  2  inches  across, 
is  of  an  orange-scarlet. 

Ltelia  Amanda  is  also  grown  in  a  basket ;  it  much 
resembles  L.  Schilleriana  in  growth  and  general 
appearance.  The  sheath  appears  as  soon  as  the  growth 
is  finished  and  the  flower-buds  quickly  push  through. 
Two  flowers  were  produced,  and  though  not  so  showy 
as  many,  it  is  still  very  pretty.  Sepals  and  petals 
light  rose,  lip  deeper  rose,  with  rich  crimson  venation. 

Catfleya  granulosa  (Lindl.)  aspera,  «.  var. 

A  very  fine  Cattleya  granulosa  with  brownish  sepal  s 
and  petals  spotted  with  dark  purple,  lip  yellow  at  the 
base,  anterior  part  finest  mauve-purple  with  a  broad 
white  border.  The  anterior  surface  is  rough  all  over, 
and  the  asperities  are  partly  formed  by  filiform  pro- 
cesses, partly  .by  serrate  keels,  which  altogether  gives 
a  new  aspect.  I  had  it  from  the  Editor  of  the 
Gardening  World,  who  obtained  it  from  Major  A.  F. 
Lendy,  Sunbury  House,  Sunbury-on-Thames.  H.  G, 
Rchh.  f. 


\y    l^iaiS- 


Lazy  Bees. 
Dr.  Watts  still  deserves  respect  for  his  moral  senti- 
ments. The  bee  is  lazy  unless  impelled  by  necessity. 
"Birds  in  their  little  nests  agree"  only  so  long  as 
they  do  not  fall  out.  The  Rose  is  not  now  the  glory 
of  April  and  May  ;  but  all  these  may  have  appeared 
differently  to  the  worthy  Doctor  "sixty  years  since  " 
from  what  they  do  to  us  now.  I  know  from  personal 
experience  in  the  Colonies  that  bees  will  not  work 
whilst  they  have  honey,  or  a  substitute  at  hand, 
and  on  one  occasion  I  saw  a  swarm  lazily  hanging 
to  a  church  at  Sydney  listening  to  the  music,  and 
then  transfer  themselves  individually  to  their  respective 
stores  of  food  in  the  Domain  (Botanic)  Gardens. 
Bees  selecting  food  from  poisonous  plants  is  a  subject 
worthy  of  investigation.  .S.  A. 


BEE  PLANTS. 
In  conversation  with  an  enthusiastic  apiarian  friend 
he  mentioned  the  names  of  the  following  plants  as 
essential  to  the  bee-keeper,  recommending  them  to  be 
planted  within  reasonable  distance  of  their  hives,  viz., 
Salix  caprea,  or  Yellow  Palm.  Bees  are  very  fond  of 
this  plant,  it  being  (when  in  bloom  in  spring)  com- 
pletely smothered  with  the  busy  workers.  Sweet 
herbs,  particularly  the  Thymes  of  sorts.  Some 
bee-keepers  think  that  bees  do  not  obtain  much 
from  Borage,  but  it  is  found  that  they  are  extremely 
fond  of  it,  and  it  should  be  sown  largely  in  every  spare 
nook  and  corner ;  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful  bee- 
flowers— late  and  continuous.  To  resume  our  list  :— 
Acer  saccharinum,  A.  rubrum,  A.  platanoides,  Tilia 
argentea,  T.  leptophylla,  and,  where  there  is  room, 
the  following  are  also  good  bee-plants  :— Centaurea 
cyanus,  Rosemary,  Hyacinth,  Almond,  Wallflower, 
Gooseberry,  Plums,  Turnip,  Broom,  Sweet  Brier, 
Marsh  Mallow,  Bean,  Mustard,  Radish,  St.  John's 
Wort,  Ivy,  and  many  others. 

There  is  no  honey  equal  to  that  made  from  the 
Gooseberry,  Raspberry,  Currants,  Borage,  and 
Mignonette. 

Just  now  the  bees  are  busy  at  work  on  the  Borage, 
Mignonette,  Marrows,  Maples,  and  the  Snowberry. 
As  they  are  hatching  out  young  brood  they  are  laden 
with  pollen,  principally  from  Marrows.  This  is  not 
by  any  means  a  good  honey  year,  and  bee-keeping  is 
not  the  profitable  investment  it  was  formeily — it  is 
overdone.  Where  pounds  used  to  be  made,  shillings 
now  represent  the  takings.  Honey  buyers  will  not 
buy  the  sugary  mess  that  is  often  put  into  the  market 
in  the  name  of  honey,  and  so  injury  is  done  to  legiti- 
mate traders.  B. 

Bek  Flowers. 
Honey  farmers  have  not  the  least  objection  to  their 
myriads  of  bees  plundering  honey  from  other  people's 
flowers,  and  would  be  the  last  to  acknowledge  the 
obligation  by  sending  tithe  of  their  honey  harvest  to 
the  florist  or  gardener  whose  floral  beauties  have  been 
thus  poached  upon.  The  best  thing  for  flower 
growers  to  do,  no  doubt,  is  to  keep  bees  themselves, 
but  all  have  not  the  time  to  attend  to  the  wants  and 
necessities  of  the  insects.  Has  it  ever  occurred  to  any 
of  these  bee-farmers  that  they  should  accept  some  of 
the  responsibilities  of  their  position,  and  provide 
flowers  for  their  bees,  as  sheep-masters  have  to  pro- 
vide pasturage  for  their  flocks  ?  Not  a  few  of  these 
bee  men  have  scores  of  hives  and  scores  of  thousands 
of  insects  to  feed.  How  many  of  them  have  obtained 
the  use  of  some  few  acres  of  ground  and  grown  bee 
food? — probably  not  one.  If  any  are  so  disposed  to  be 
honest,  let  me  advise  them  to  grow  every  year  about 
an  acre  of  some  strong  growing  Mignonette,  such  as 
Parsons'  Giant  White,  perhaps  the  best  branching 
kind  we  have.  Such  a  breadth  would  alone  afford 
food  all  the  summer  and  autumn  for  a  million  of  bees, 
and  shouldjlfarjlaway  [repay  forj'rent  and  seed  outlay 
as  well  as  labour  in  the  harvest  of  honey  obtained. 
There  is  no  garden  flower  that  is  so  much  favoured 
by  bees  as  is  Mignonette.  A.  D, 


RED    AND    WHITE    CURRANTS 

ON  THE  SAME  STALK. 

The  curious  abnormal  growth  (fig.  52)  of  both  red 

and  white  fruits  on  one  and  the  same  stalk,  was  sent 

to  us  by  our    old  correspondent,    Mt.    Divers,    of 


Ketton  Hall  Gardens,  together  with  the  following 
note  : — "  I  am  not  aware  if  the  origin  of  this  fruit  is 
definitely  known,  but  the  bunch  enclosed  goes  a  long 
way  towards  proving  that  it  is  merely  a  sport  from 
the  red  variety.  It  was  found  growing  on  a  bush  of 
the  red  kind,  and  has  three  red  berries,  three  white 
ones,  and  one  white  with  a  red  stripe.  All  the  others 
on  the  same  bush  were  red  as  usual."  [For  similar 
cases  see  Gard.  Chron.,  1842,  p.  873  ;  1844,  p.  87  ; 
'855,  p.  646  ;  and  Darwin's  Variation  of  Anifna/s 
and  Plants,  186S,  vol.  i.,  p.  376.   Ed.] 


DISEASED    VINES. 

We  publish  below  a  letter  from  a  correspondent 
who  has  Vines  which  appeared  to  him  to  be  affected 
with    fungoid  growths,   and   also   the  reply  of  Mr. 


vinery  near  here.  The  plant  was  but  slightly  affected 
last  year,  but  this  season  is  fairly  covered  with  it,  while 
the  neighbouring  Vines  are  taking  it  00  as  well,  Can 
you  suggest  any  cause,  or  remedy?  If  it  is  identical 
with  any  form  of  mildew  written  about  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  for  May  15  and  22  last,  we  can,  of 
course,  adopt  the  mean  advised  therein.    W.  L." 

The  "fungoid  growth"  which  you  say  is  now 
"  infesting  "  your  Black  Alicante  Vine,  is  the  natural 
down  or  hair  belonging  to  the  plant,  and  is  a  sign  of 
robust  health.  There  is  no  fungus.  Downy  and 
hairy  leaves  are  often  sent  to  this  office  with  a  request 
for  the  name  of  the  "  fungoid  growth  infesting  "  the 
material.  All  mildewed  leaves  exhibit  signs  of 
damage,  ill-health  or  deformity.  We  have  not  yet 
beard  of  the  down  and  hairs  of  Peaches  and  Goose- 
berries being  mistaken  for  "  fungoid  growths,"  but 
all  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  will  remember 
the  recent  dispute  about  the  Strawberries  which  were 
disqualified  because  certain  judges  mistook  the  downy 
bloom  for  mildew.  The  worst  effect  of  growing 
downy  Vines  is  that  sometimes  gardeners  sulphur 
such  Vines  tremendously  in  futile  efforts  to  keep 
down  the  down.  Correspondents  write  and  say 
"sulphuring  seems  to  have  no  effect  on  the  fungus." 
The  result  of  the  'over-sulphuring  and  root  doctoring 
is — leaflless  rods  and  rusted  (tuit.  The  latter  in  due 
course  reaches  this  office  for  an  opinion.  Microsco- 
pists  often  make  the  same  blunder  :  even  fungologists 
have  slipped.  The  fungus  (?)  named  Acalyptospora 
nervisequia,  Desm.  (sweet  name)  of  our  text-books, 
consists  of  nothing  but  common  leaf  hairs.  There 
has  been  a  fight  for  this  fungus  amongst  the  profes- 
sors ;  one  school  has  claimed  it  for  the  Puccinisei, 
another  for  the  Torulacei,— wonderful ! 

A  small  drawing  often  explains  a  subject  better  than 
words.  The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  53)  shows 
the  down  found  on  Vine  leaves,  amongst  which  are  a 
few  threads  of  Vine  mildew,  enlarged  200  diameters. 
The  fungus  threads  seen  at  a  are  of  very  small  dia- 
meter, whilst  the  down  natural  to  the  leaf,  as  seen  at 
B,  is  of  very  much  greater  size.  Both  growths  are 
quite  transparent  and  colourless,  but  the  threads 
which  form  the  down  of  Grape  leaves  are  twisted  in  a 
screw-like  manner.  The  down  is  much  firmer  than 
the  fungus.  Gardeners  need  never  fear  mildews  if 
there  are  no  bad  effects  visible  ;  in  fact,  sometimes, 
when  gardeners  send  downy  leaves  to  this  office,  they 
write  and  say,  although  "  the  Vines  are  infested  with 
disease,  they  seem  none  the  worse  for  it,  but  bear 
well."   IV.  G.  S. 


Worthington  G.   Smith,   to   whom  the   matter  was 
referred  : — 

"  Enclosed  please  find  samples  of  a  fungoid  growth 
infesting  a  Black  Alicante  Vine  growing  with  others  in  a 


SELENIPEDIUM     CAUDATUM. 

The  specimen  of  which  we  here  give  an  illustration, 
fig.  54,  is  one  which  would  not  have  thrown  an 
Orchid  grower  into  ecstasies,  but  it  was  one  to  confer 
serene  joy  upon  the  botanist.  Selenipedium  caudatum 
is  in  all  cases  a  striking  species,  while  Uropedium 
attracts  attention  from  the  regularity  of  its  form. 

It  was  natural  to  suppose  that  Uropedium  is  only  a 
peloric  form  of  Selenipedium  but  this  was  doubted  by 
Professor  Reicbenbach. 

Perhaps  the  present  specimen,  which  was  sent  us 
by  Mr.  Bull,  may  serve  to  solve  the  doubt.  In  any 
case  it  is  a  great  and  interesting  curiosity,  for  it  has 
three  separate  sepals,  two  long  petals,  and  a  lip  which 
is  trying  to  emulate  the  petals,  and  is  as  it  were  half- 
way between  the  ordinary  bag-like  lip  and  the  long- 
tailed  petal.  But  the  column  was  the  most  interest- 
ing part  of  the  whole,  inasmuch  as  it  bore  three  per- 
fect stamens,  so  that  the  inner  row  of  stamens  was  in 
this  instance  complete,  and  the  lower  median  stamen, 
a  3,  of  Darwinian  notation,  even  shaking  off  its  usual 
reticence  and  showing  itself  in  the  place  reserved  for 
it ;  the  outer  three  stamens,  as  usual  in  Cypripedium, 
were  absent  or  only  present  in  the  form  of  staminodes. 
In  the  appended  diagrams  A  i,  A  2,  A  3,  represent 
the  outer  barren  stamens ;  a  i,  a  2,  a  3,  the  inner 
stamens  ;  sm,  the  stigna  ;  p,  the  petals  ;  L,  the  lip. 
We  may  here  state  that  within  the  last  few  months 
we  have  received  specimens  showing  in  different  cases 
stamens  varying  in  number  from  one  to  six,  the 
majority  of  the  stamens  being  in  some  cases  fertile 
in  other  cases  barren,  while  in  other  instances  all 
six  were  present  in  the  guise  of  petals,  as  in  Cypri- 
pedium Sedeni  x  .  At  fig.  54,  p.  269,  are  shown 
the  entire  flower  ;  at  A,  a  cross  section  of  the 
three-celled  ovary;  at  B,  side  views  of  the  column, 
magnified,  and  a  plan  of  the  arrangement  of  the 
parts.  M.  T.  M. 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


269 


Fig.    54. — SELENIPBDIUM  CAUDATUM  :    INTERMEDIATE  BETWEEN  THE  OKDINARY  FORM  AND 
UROPEDIUM.      (SEE  TEXT,    P.    268.) 


COLOUR  DESCRIPTION. 

Having  procured  a  copy  of  Field's  Chromatography, 
so  strongly  recommended  at  p.  Il8,  I  find  the  subject 
treated  in  a  scientific  manner,  and  at  the  same  time 
both  tersely  and  explicitly.  Any  one,  whether  gar- 
dener, artist,  or  what  not,  would  derive  considerable 
pleasure,  not  to  say  instruction,  from  a  careful  perusal 
of  its  pages  ;  but  the  reader  could  scarcely  fail  to 
perceive  for  whom  the  book  is  intended.  This  is 
especially  evident  in  the  third  part  of  the  book,  which 
treats  of  pigments  individually,  briefly  describing 
their  hues,  composition,  qualities,  and  leading  pro- 
perties. This  undoubtedly  is  an  incalculable  boon  to 
the  artist,  who  can  buy  the  pigments  under  the  names 
given,  and  so  obtain  a  praciical  acquaintance  with 
them.  The  case  is  altogether  different  with  the 
gardener  who  desires  to  become  familiar  with  different 
hues,  so  that  he  can  describe  them  after  a  certain 
standard.  In  his  case  mere  description  conveys  but 
little  without  some  tangible  illustration  for  the  sake 
of  comparison,  which  is,  after  all,  the  best  vehicle  for 
the  conveyance  of  knowledge  by  comparing  an  un- 
familiar object  or  colour  with  a  familiar  and  well- 
known  one.  From  this  point  of  view,  then,  the 
subject  at  issue,  namely,  a  book  on  colour  for  the  use 
of  gardeners,  botanists,  artists,  and  all  those  who  have 
anything  to  do  with  plants  or  plant  description,  is  still 
an  open  question  ;  for  a  book  to  be  of  direct  practical 
value  in  such  cases  should  not  onlydescribe,  butcontain 
an  exhaustive  series  of  illustrations.  The  hues  and  tints 
to  be  found  in  Nature  are  practically  endless,  but  a 
limited  number  even  of  the  natural  colours  of  most  im- 
portance and  of  the  most  frequent  occurrence,  would  be 
of  incalculable  service  to  those  who  merely  wish  to 
describe  them  as  nearly  as  possible  according  to  some 
recognised  standard.  Knowledge  of  this  description 
would  prove  of  special  value  in  the  case  of  the  great 
Orchid  family,  where  a  proper  definition  of  the  lints 
and  hues  is  of  more  importance  than  many  botanists 
seem  inclined  to  admit.  In  numerous  instances 
structure  only  is  described,  with  no  attempt  at  colour, 
notwithstanding  its  importance  for  horticultural  pur- 
poses. This  latter  statement  is  borne  out  by  the 
numerous  forms  of  Cattleya  in  cultivation,  especially 
of  the  C.  labiata  type,  such  as  C.  I.  Mossise,  C.  I. 
Mendelii,  and  C.  1.  Percivalliana,  where  structural 
differences  are  so  slight  as  to  be  of  small  practical 
value  for  descriptive  purposes.  Correctly  painted  and 
coloured  plates  in  this  instance  constitute  the  most 
fitting  and  lasting  description  that  could  be  made  of 
such  forms.  Even  here  in  many  instances  artists  differ 
more  widely  from  one  another,  and  from  the  natural 
colours,  than  is  desirable  or  warrantable. 

In  the  book  above  mentioned  colours  are  defined 
according  to  what  are  termed  the  three  "constants  of 
colour,"  namely  tone,  tint,  and  hue.  By  the  first  is 
meant  the  total  amount  of  light  sent  to  the  eye,  or,  in 
other  words,  its  luminosity.  Tint,  on  the  other  hand, 
signifies  the  richness  or  purity  of  a  colour,  and  its 
freedom  from  admixture  with  other  colours,  although 
this  is  a  thing  that  seldom  happens  with  natural 
bodies,  and  above  all  in  the  Qowers  of  Orchids.  The 
analysis  of  the  solar  spectrum  gives  the  purest  and 
most  suitable  standard  colours  for  comparison. 
What  in  common  language  is  generally  defined  as  the 
colour  of  anything  is  here  spoken  of  as  its  hue,  which 
depends  on  the  wave  length  of  light  that  produces  it. 
This  is  described  by  reference  to  the  spectrum,  which 
forms  the  first  plate,  where  red,  which  has  the  longest 
wave  lengths,  is  at  one  end,  and  violet,  having  the 
shortest  wave-lengths  of  light,  is  at  the  opposite  ex- 
tremity of  the  spectrum.  Plate  ii.  treats  of  chromatic 
contrast,  and  plate  iii.  of  achromatic  contrast,  while 
plate  iv.  treats  of  the  chromatic  and  achromatic  con- 
trast of  colours.  All  this  is  evidently  intended  for 
the  artist,  and  undoubtedly  of  great  service  in  the 
mixing  of  colours,  showing  what  effect  one  has  upon 
another,  and  the  effect  of  contrast.  The  number  of 
colours,  however,  is  too  small  to  be  of  much  service 
in  colour  description. 

The  scientific  definition  of  what  determines  the 
colour  of  a  natural  body,  by  its  absorption  of  certain 
rays  of  sunlight  and  rejection  of  others,  is  of  primary 
importance,  and  determines  with  much  accuracy 
wherein  the  difficulty  lies  that  the  artist  has  in  re- 
producing natural  colours.  In  many  instances  several 
colours  are  rejected,  which  being  diluted  by  white 
light  produces  a  very  complicated  effect.  For 
instance  the  perianth  of  Bessera  elegans  is  scarlet 
externally,  and  cream  coloured  internally,  with  a 
scarlet  midrib  and  margin.     In  daylight  the  cream 


270 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  s8,  1886. 


colour  acquires  a  diHicuUly  desciibable  shade  o(  pink. 
The  filamenls  aie  ciimson,  the  style  and  anlhers  deep 
b'ue,  and  ihe  pollen  green.  Many  species  of  Crocus 
exhibit  a  similar  blending  of  colours  on  the  two  sur- 
faces of  the  perianth. 

Miles  on  the  artistic  method  of  mixing  colours 
aflfords  another  excellent  explanation  of  the  effect  of 
the  association  of  dillerent  colours  in  close  proximity, 
and  the  resulting  phenomena  that  greet  the  naked  or 
unassisted  eye.  In  practice,  the  artist,  instead  of  mix- 
ing his  pigments  to  produce  the  desired  eftect,  paints 
them  in  small  spots  or  very  fine  lines  of  different 
colours  in  close  contiguity,  and  these  becoming  diluted 
and  blended  one  with  another  by  the  action  of  light, 
present  altogether  a  totally  different  appearance  to  the 
naked  eye,  and  produce  a  far  finer  effect  than  the 
same  pigments  would  have  done  if  mixed  together, 
demonstrating  that  the  mixture  of  colours  and  the 
mixture  of  pigments  are  productive  of  very  different 
results.  This  is  very  similar  to  what  takes  pl.Tce  in  a 
state  of  Nature,  especially  in  the  case  of  variegated 
flowers,  and  particu'arly  amongst  Orchids,  such  as 
Oncidium,  Odontoglossum,  and  Epidendrum.  If  the 
various  spots  and  lines  consisted  of  primary  colours, 
the  difficulty  of  reproducing  them  would  be  reduced 
to  a  minimum  ;  but  they  are  mostly  secondary  colours, 
and  often  produced  by  various  coloured  pigments  in 
different  but  contiguous  cells.  The  microscope  also 
reveals  pigments  blended  in  the  same  cell,  especially 
green  and  yellow,  sometimes  brown  and  yellow,  or 
other  colours.  In  some  instances,  what  appears  to  the 
naked  eye  as  a  uniform  moderately  rich  tint  of  violet- 
purple,  is  shown  by  the  microscope  to  be  produced  by 
pigment  occupying  less  than  a  half  of  the  cells  compos- 
ing the  surface  of  the  coloured  object.  The  rest  of  the 
cells  are  colourless  save  for  the  nucleated  protoplasm, 

— * — 

AUTUMN  FLOWERS. 
It  might  have  been  thought  by  those  who  have 
seen  the  profuse  and  continued  display  made  by  Mr. 
Ware  in  the  conservatory  at  .South  Kensington  that  ' 
he  could  not  possibly  have  any  to  spare.  The  de- 
mands of  the  West,  however,  do  not  suffice  to  exhaust 
the  resources  of  the  East.  We  have  before  us  a  set  of 
showy  herbaceous  plants,  which  Mr.  Ware  sends  to 
show  what  a  display  may  be  made  by  their  u?e, 
CompositcE,  as  usual  at  this  season,  predominate,  but 
they  are  not  all  yellow,  as  some  people  in  their  haste 
say,  for  here  is  Aster  Townsemli,  a  relatively  dwarf 
species,  with  the  upper  leaves  ovate,  sessile,  and  with 
terminal  heads  of  flowers  J\  inch  across,  with  blueish- 
lilac  rays  surrounding  a  central  yellow  disc,  and 
begirt  by  an  involucre  of  small  rcll,\ed  bracts  in 
many  rows — one  of  the  most  distincf  ?nd  pretty  of 
its  class. 

Rudbeckia  pu)/>iiJia,  with  solitary  flower-heads 
3  inches  across,  with  an  involucre  of  many  rows  of 
short  lanceolate  bracts.  The  ray-florets  are  a  deep 
rosy-lilac  colour,  reflexed,  and  surrounding  a  dome- 
shaped  disc,  the  most  striking  feature  of  which  con- 
sists in  the  stiff  erect  scales,  like  so  many  lilile  spears 
surrounding  the  inconspicuous  disc- florets. 

Asler  planiiifoiJes,  as  its  name  implies,  is  like 
Achillea  ptarmica,  and  might  be  mistaken  for  it  by 
superficial  observers.  Its  narrow,  linear  leaves,  how- 
ever, are  entire  at  the  margins,  and  the  floral  struc- 
tures like  that  of  the  Aster. 

A.  gymnoccplialiis  is  a  very  distinct  form,  with 
small,  sessile,  lanceolate,  deeply  serrated  and  wavy 
leaves,  with  small  flower-heads  about  an  inch  across, 
with  involucres  of  many  rows  of  small,  recurved 
bracts,  surrounding  a  ring  of  rosy-lilac  ray-florets,  and 
a  central  yellow  disc. 

r  Of  yellow  Composites  Mr,  Ware  sends  Harphcaifa 
Lcichtlinii,  a  plant  with  grey  stems,  marked  with 
small  purplish  spots  ;  the  leaves  are  oblong,  lyrate, 
deeply  pinnately  lobed,  dark  green  above,  cottony- 
white  beneath.  The  flower-heads  are  like  those  of  a 
Gazania,  2  inches  across,  with  a  cup-shaped  invo- 
lucre of  many  rows  of  flat,  tightlj-packed,  lanceolate 
scales  surrounding  a  ray  of  many  yellow  strap-shaped 
florets,  brownish  on  the  lower  surface.  The  disc 
consists  of  numerous  yellow  florets. 

5:i!phiunt  lanniatnin  is  a  tall,  coarse-growing 
perennial,  with  deeply  and  repeatedly  pinnately  cut 
rough  leaves  and  large  heads  of  yellow  flowers,  like 


a   small  Sunflower,     This  is   the  famous  Compass- 
plant  so  often  alluded  to. 

Helcnium  qiamUJlamm  is  like  H.  aulumnale,  but 
the  rounded  disc  ii  of  a  rich  purplish-brown,  con- 
trasting well  with  the  broad  ligulate  florets  of  the  ray, 

HcUanthui  i^iponicm  reminds  one  of  H.  rigidus. 
It  has  bioad  lanceolate  rough  leaves  and  very  showy 
heads  of  deep  yellow  flowers,  3  inches  across,  sur- 
rounded by  an  involucre  ol  oblong  appressed  bracts, 

H,  innlii/hnis,  var,  inaxinius,  as  its  name  implies, 
is  a  large-flowered  form  of  a  common  cottage-garden 
plant,  with  numerous  lanceolate  spreading  bracts 
surrounding  its  brilliant  yellow  ray. 

Lastly  we  may  mention  Asclcpias  tnbcrosa,  the 
singular  brownish  orange  coloured  flowers  of  which 
are  very  attractive,  but  so  complex  in  structure  as  to 
defy  popular  description  though  interesting  to  the 
botanists, 

Salvia  pseudococcinea. 

So  many  species  of  Salvia  are  in  cultivation  that  it 
might  seem  superfluous  to  mention  any  of  ihem,  but 
it  is  evident  that  much  more  might  be  made  of  this, 
as  well  as  numerous  other  species,  both  easy  to  culti- 
vate, free  flowering,  and  possessing  brilliant  colora- 
tion of  many  hues.  Cultivation  in  pots  is  but  one 
point  in  their  favour,  notwithstanding  their  value  for 
indoor  decoration  during  the  autumn  and  winter 
months.  The  front  of  shrubberies,  herbaceous  bor- 
ders, or  even  rockwork,  might  be  enlivened  by  their 
brilliant  hues,  using  the  dwarfer  and  finer  sorts  in  the 
latter  case.  In  a  mixed  bed  in  the  botanic  grounds, 
Kew,  where  a  number  of  species  are  planted  in 
groups,  S.  pseudococcinea  is  conspicuous  for  its  dwarf 
branching  habit  and  floriferous  character.  The  flowers 
which  individually  are  not  very  large,  are  brigh 
scarlet,  with  two  white  lines  in  the  throat.  The 
lower  lip  is  the  larger,  and  like  that  of  many  species, 
constitutes  the  most  conspicuous  part  of  the  flower. 
The  plant  is  very  common  in  several  parts  of  South 
America  and  Mexico,  originally  introduced  in  1797, 
and  by  some  recorded  as  hardy,  while  others  consider 
it  as  a  stove  plant.  Although  it  is  so  perfectly 
amenable  to  outdoor  cultivation  in  summer,  it  is  more 
than  probable  it  would  succumb  in  all  but  the  mildest 
winters.  Rich  fibrous  loam,  kept  open  by  a  sprink- 
ling of  sand,  and  even  stimulated  during  the  flowering 
period  by  artificial  manures,  will  grow  the  plant  to 
perfection  if  cultivated  in  pots.  The  plant  is  ex- 
tremely variable  under  different  kinds  of  treatment, 
indoors  or  in  the  open  air,  both  as  to  hairness  of  the 
leaves,  flowers,  or  stems,  and  the  relative  breadth  of 
the  foliage.  The  figures  given  in  the  Botanical 
Maga'Mic,  2S64,  and  Paxton's  Flower  Garden,  40, 
show  this  to  some  extent.   J,  F. 


i 


PROPAGATION. 
Let  the  propagation  of  the  different  kinds  of 
bedding  stock  have  diligent  attention.  If  any  of  the 
earlier  batch  have  missed,  no  time  should  be  lost  in 
making  good  any  deficiency.  Those  put  in  now  will 
require  the  assistance  of  a  little  artificial  heat  ;  an 
old  Cucumber  or  Melon  bed  with  the  heat  almost 
spent  will  suit  the  purpose.  Where  the  cuttings  are 
too  thick  in  the  pots  it  will  be  better  to  sacrifice  a  few 
than  have  them  overcrowded,  or  they  may  be  trans- 
ferred into  shallow  pans  from  2^  to  3  inches  each  way, 
keeping  them  close  and  moist  till  they  have  established 
themselves,  when  they  should  gradually  be  inured  to 
light  and  air. 

Cuttings  of  Ampelopsis, 
This  is  a  charming  thing  for  covering  tree  stumps, 
old  walls,  &c.  Associated  with  Ivies  of  the  variegated 
type  it  makes  a  splendid  contrast  with  its  Vine-like 
leaves.  There  are  three  kinds  which  are  well  worthy 
attention — hederacea,  Veitchii,  and  Ruleii  ;  this  last 
is  the  smallest  leaved  variety  of  the  group  and  the 
brightest  in  autumn.  Cuttings  of  the  various  sorts 
of  Cupressus  may  also  be  put  in. 

Next  Year's  Arrangements. 

As  Verbenas  and  Petunias  are  now  in  full  flower, 

notes  of  the  best  kinds  should  be   made  respecting 

their  habit  of  growth,  colour,   &c.,  for  their  proper 

arrangement  in  the  flower-beda  next  year. 


Violets 
should  receive  attention  to  keep  them  clear  of  runnerj 
and  weeds ;  and  in  order  to  get  the  crowns  well 
matured  they  should  have  the  surface  soil  well  stirred, 
and  if  it  be  poor  a  good  soaking  of  liquid  manure 
should  be  given.  Should  red-spider  appear,  syringe 
the  plants  a  few  times  with  soapsuds.  Marie 
Louise  will  now  be  yielding  flowers,  if  they  have 
received  proper  attention  in  the  early  stages.  Pre- 
parations will  soon  be  necessary  to  have  Violetj  trans- 
ferred to  their  winter  quarters  ;  which  should  be  done 
before  frost  sets  in,  in  order  that  they  may  be  estab- 
lished ;  but  it  will  be  soon  enough  to  remove  them  by 
the  middle  of  September. 

Herbaceous  Borders. 

These  should  be  kept  neat  and  tidy.  The  dead 
flower-spikes  should  be  removed  from  all  plants 
immediately  they  go  out  of  flower  unless  it  is 
intended  to  save  the  seed  of  any.  Care  must  be 
taken  not  to  cut  away  any  of  the  foliage,  or  else  the 
crowns  will  be  considerably  weakened,  and  the 
flowers  of  the  next  season  will  be  correspondingly 
poor.  Keep  the  seed-pods  constantly  picked  off 
Sweet  Peas,  otherwise  they  will  soon  become  ex- 
hausted. The  same  applies  to  Dahlias,  Pansy 
cuttings  may  still  be  put  in  behind  a  wall,  or  in  any 
moist  shady  situation.  A  hand  light  or  rough  box, 
with  an  old  sash  as  a  cover,  will  materially  assist  their 
rooting. 

Flower  Parterres. 

The  flower-beds  will  require  more  attention  now 
the  days  shorten  and  the  deposits  of  dew  increase,  to 
keep  them  free  from  decayed  leaves  and  flowers.  ■ 
Where  any  of  the  occupants  are  becoming  crowded, 
it  is  better  to  cut  the  interlacing  shoots  back,  so  as  to 
secure  a  freer  circulation  of  air  amongst  the  plants, 
.Such  subjects  as  Koniga  variegata,  Alternanthera, 
Cerastium,  Stellaria,  Mesembryanthemum,  &c. , 
should  be  frequently  pinched  and  clipped  to  keep  the 
outlines  of  the  designs  well  defined.  Unless  this  be 
well  attended  to  the  designs  of  the  beds  will  be 
obliterated.  Keep  any  sub-tropicals  requiring  it 
securely  fastened.  Ordinary  showers  will  fail  to 
reach  the  roots  of  such  subjects  as  Nicotianas, 
Wigandias,  Solanums,  Ferdinandias,  and  other  large 
leaved  plants,  therefore  they  must  ,be  occasionally 
examined  to  see  that  a  sufficiency  of  moisture  reaches 
the  roots  to  maintain  their  leaf  development  in 
proper  health.    ]V.  M.  Baillic,  Luton  /loo  Gardens, 


pLA^ITg  AND  THEIR  ;Pui:.TUF(E. 


THE    STOVE. 

Ei;cHARIS  AMAZONICA,  valuable  as  it  is  at  any 
time  of  the  year,  is  particularly  so  during  the  last 
three  months,  when  choice  flowers  are  scarce.  By 
dividing  the  stock  of  plants  into  several  batches 
flowers  may  be  obtained  all  through  the  year.  If 
a  number  of  the  plants  are  taken  out  of  the  stove 
or  other  place  where  they  have  been  growing,  reducing 
the  water  at  the  roots,  but  not  sufficient  to  make 
them  lose  their  leaves,  placing  them  in  a  lower  tem- 
perature for  about  six  weeks,  they  will  throw  up 
their  flower-spikes  during  the  season  named. 

Young  plants  of  Gardenia  and  Tabernxmontana 
should  now  have  their  final  shift,  so  as  to  get  the  pots 
well  filled  with  roots  before  the  autumn  sets  in.  A 
pit  where  a  growing  temperature  is  kept  up  suits  these 
best,  and  if  they  can  have  a  bed  of  leaves  over  hot 
water,  so  that  the  pot  can  be  plunged,  so  much  the 
better.  Should  the  foliage  be  infested  with  insects  it 
must  be  cleaned  by  hand  with  soft-soap  and  water,  as 
their  tender  foliage  is  injured  by  the  use  of  insecticides. 

Bougainvillea  glabra  should  have  all  the  weak 
shoots  cleared  away,  as  it  is  only  the  strong  growths 
that  flower.  If  kept  well  thinned  out  and  a  mulching 
of  manure  put  on  the  top  of  the  ball  (when  grown  in 
pots)  they  may  be  kept  in  bloom  for  some  time  to 
come. 

The  main  batch  of  Gesneras  and  Tydxas  will  now 
be  showing  bloom  ;  keep  them  under  warm  and  moist 
conditions  at  the  roots,  but  on  no  account  let  the 
foliage  get  wetted.  Bilbergias  are  fine  subjects  for 
autumn  blooming,  namely  B.  Moreliana  and  B. 
splendens. 

All  roof  climbers  must  be  kept  well  thinned  out 
and  regulated,  for  if  allowed  to  grow  unrestrained 
they  rob  the  occupants  underneath  of  light.     Reduce 


August  28,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


271 


the  shading  on  the  roofs  of  stoves  and  warm  pits,  as 
all  growths  should  now  be  getting  matured. 

I  do  not  advise  the  cool  treatment  which  some 
adopt  with  stove  plants,  as  it  oftentimes  causes  them 
to  start  into  fresh  growth  when  placed  in  warmer 
houses  later  on,  and  then  the  plants  cannot  be  de- 
pended on  to  produce  much  bloom  the  following 
season  ;  but  when  all  the  occupants  in  this  depart- 
ment have  completed  their  growth  the  temperature 
and  moisture  should  be  reduced  a  little  ;  this  of  itself 
will  cause  a  partial  rest. 

Plants  for  the  Dinnertadle. 
As  far  as  possible,  a  calculation  should  be  made  of 
the  number  of  these  which  are  likely  to  be  wanted  and 
if  there  be  not  sufficient  in  stock  of  the  various  kinds 
which  are  not  readily  propagated  and  grown  these 
should  be  procured  at  once.  If  the  stock  of  Crotons, 
Draccenas,  Pandanus,  Aralia,  &c,,  were  put  in  as 
advised  they  will  now  be  large  enough  for  the 
purpose,  but  an  addition  to  the  stock  of  Palms  and 
Aralias  is  always  desirable.  Any  fine  or  new  kinds 
of  Crotons  or  Dracsnas  should  be  procured,  so  that 
whilst  time  remains  ihey  can  be  increased.  Tillandsla 
zebrina  and  T.  musaica  are  valuable  for  this  purpose, 
and  some  of  the  Nidulariums,  such  as  splendens  and 
fulgens,  which  are  of  a  compact  character,  and  owing  to 
the  brilliancy  of  their  leave,  are  well  adapted  for 
table  plant;.    A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill,  Haslemere. 


]^f^UIT3    "IrlNDEF^     -QlA??. 


MELONS  IN  PITS  AND  FRAMES. 
The  seasonable  weather  which  we  have  had  was 
favourable  to  the  maturing  of  Melons  in  unheated 
pits  and  frames,  in  which,  however,  water  must  be 
applied  very  sparingly.  In  case  the  plants  are  likely 
to  suffer  for  want  of  water  at  the  roots — which  seems 
doubtful,  seeing  that  the  latter  can  push  (reely  into 
the  dung  or  leaves  underneath — supply  it  before  mid- 
day, or  sufficiently  early  in  the  afternoon  to  allow  of 
the  foliage  getting  dry  before  nightfall,  otherwise  mil- 
dew may  be  troublesome,  and  canker,  too,  would 
probably  appear.  Dj  not  wait  till  it  appears,  but  use 
as  a  preventive  a  mixture  of  quicklime  and  fresh  soot 
around  the  collar  of  each  plant,  which  will  absorb 
any  unnecessary  moisture  that  may  arise  on  or  about 
the  stems  of  the  plants.  Late  plants  will  require  the 
shoots  to  be  stopped  and  thinned,  the  fruits  being  well 
exposed  to  the  light  by  elevating  them  above  the 
foliage.  The  pits  and  frames  should  be  shut  up  soon 
afier  2  o'clock  p.m.,  slightly  damping  the  plants  over- 
head at  the  time  on  bright  days.  As  soon  as  the  fruits 
generally  show  signs  of  maturing,  free  circulation  of 
air  must  be  allowed,  so  as  to  give  flavour  and  finish 
to  them.  Cover  the  pits  and  frames  at  night  with 
mats. 

Melons  in  Heated  Pits. 
These  should  be  attended  to  in  the  way  of  thinning, 
stopping,  and  tying  of  the  shoots  when  necessarj', 
stopping  the  shoots  at  two  joints  beyond  the  fruits, 
and  put  the  supports  to  the  latter  in  due  time,  so  as 
to  relieve  the  plants  of  their  weight.  Give  liberal 
supplies  of  diluted  tepid  manure  at  the  roots  when 
necessary,  until  the  fruits  have  attained  to  their  full 
size,  when  clear  water  must  be  given.  Damp  the 
plants  and  house  generally  more  or  less  every  morn- 
ing and  afternoon  according  to  the  character  of  the 
weather  and  the  stage  of  growth  at  which  the  plants 
may  have  arrived,  maintaining  a  somewhat  dry  and 
airy  atmosphere  in  houses  in  which  the  plants  are  in 
flower  or  the  fruits  approaching  ripeness,  and  con- 
ditions the  reverse  of  these  where  the  plants  are 
swelling  off  their  fruits.  Light  the  fires  sufficiently 
early  in  the  evening  to  prevent  the  temperature 
falling  below  70"  between  sunset  and  sunrise.  //.  W. 
IVai-J,  Longford  Castle. 

Fruit  Trees  in  Pots  :  RnrotTiNO. 
The  fruit  has  long  ago  been  gathered  from  the 
house  that  was  forced  early.  The  trees  have  also 
been  repotted  into  larger  pots,  and  they  have  rooted 
well  into  new  potting  soil.  I  have  often  described 
our  system  of  potting,  and  need  not  go  into  any 
minute  details  except  to  say  that  when  the  trees 
get  large,  we  take  a  chopper,  and  cut  the  hard  ball 
of  roots  through  just  over  the  drainage,  the  ball 
itself  is  also  reduced  by  the  same  process,  an  inch  or 
so  is  cut  off,  and  the  tree  returned  into  the  same-sized 


pot,   from   which  it  vvas  taken  out,    the   compost   is 
rammed  in  very  firmly  all  round. 

American  Peaches. 
I  have  read  Mr.  Gilbert's  remarks  at  p.  24+.  ab""' 
the  failure  of  the  early  American  Peaches  under  glass. 
I  presume  his  rema-ks  do  not  apply  to  pot  trees  in  the 
orchard-house,  or  even  in  an  early  Peach-house.  We 
have  grown  Alexander  and  Amsden  June  Peaches  every 
year  since  they  were  sold  first  in  England,  and  have 
always  had  plenty  of  fruit.  Our  first  fruits  of  them 
were  gathered  e.irly  in  April  this  year,  a  month  or 
six  weeks  before  Eirly  York  was  ready.  We  find 
Hale's  Eirly  also  to  be  well  adapted  fjr  orchard- 
house  culture.  I  have  not  yet  tried  to  grow  Water- 
loo. I  know  nothing  about  Ketton  Hall,  bjt 
can  take  Mr.  Gilbert's  word  that  it  is  a  "great 
Peach  place."  In  that  case  nearly  every  variety 
of  Peach  and  Nectarine  ought  to  be  made  to  bear 
fruit.  The  most  troublesome  variety  known  to 
me  is  Exquisite,  and  if  I  forget  to  look  after  it  per- 
sonally at  setting  time,  it  will  most  likely  fail  to  bear 
fruit.  It  is  necessary  to  take  a  fine  hair-brush  to 
collect  pollen  from  any  Iree-selling  varieties  to  dust 
the  stigmatic  portions  of  the  flowers  of  Exquisite  ; 
but  we  have  never  done  this  with  Alexander  or 
Amsden  June.  I  fancy  we  have  cropped  them 
annually  for  ten  or  twelve  years. 

The  Late- house. 
The  trees  in  this  house  are  now  in  full  bearing  ; 
but  as  soon  as  all  the  fruit  is  gathered,  the  trees 
requiring  repotting  will  be  seen  to  without  any  delay. 
Those  not  repotted  will  be  top-dressed  when  the 
leaves  fall.  We  fuiT;igated  the  houses  well  early  in 
the  year,  and  aphis  has  not  been  troublesome  ;  but  a 
few  have  appeared  recently,  which  had  to  be  destroyed 
with  tobacco  powder  or  soapy  water,  as  the  house 
cannot  be  fumigated  when  the  fruit  is  ripening. 

Orange-house. 
I  have  never  tried  the  culture  of  this  fruit  planted 
out  in  borders,  but  would  like  to  have  the  chance  of 
planting  and  cultivating  an  Orange  grove  under  glass. 
We  have,  however,  long  practised  the  more  modest 
system  of  pot  culture  under  glass.  The  trees  will 
succeed  well  in  any  house  where  they  get  p'enty 
of  light  and  heat.  The  leaves  are  apt  to  be- 
come dirty  owing  to  the  scale,  which  will  always 
attack  them,  and  must  be  washed  off  periodically  with 
soapy  water.  The  trees  ought  to  be  now  in  quite  a 
warm  stove  temperature,  ^Cl^'  at  night,  85°  to  or  by 
day  ;  in  that  temperature  the  fruit  will  swell  rapidly  — 
indeed  the  Tangierine,  which  is  the  first  to  ripen  its 
fruits,  will  come  in  during  next  month.  When  the 
fruits  are  ripe,  or  nearly  so,  the  trees  may  be  taken 
into  a  cooler  house  with  a  drier  atmosphere,  while  the 
liter  fruiting  varieties,  such  as  St.  Michael's,  Maltese 
Blood,  and  the  Silver,  may  still  be  pushed  on  in  a 
moist  warm  atmosphere.  The  trees  may  be  daily 
syringed  until  the  fruit  is  nearly  ripe.  If  it  is  not 
required  when  ripe,  it  will  hang  in  good  condition 
upon  the  trees  for  many  weeks.  Any  trees  with  little 
or  no  fruit  upon  them,  but  which  may  be  expected  to 
fruit  next  year,  should  now  be  repotted,  using  good 
loam,  a  fourth  part  of  decayed  manure,  and  some 
crushed  bones,  with  pieces  of  charcoal  intermixed  as 
large  as  Hazel  nuts.   J.  Douglas. 


under  the  surface  soil,  and  when  carrying  out  this 
work  the  fork  should  be  driven  under  the  soil,  parallel 
to  the  surface,  only  to  the  depth  of  3  or  4  inches,  as 
this  will  raise  sufficient  soil  to  cover  the  mulching 
and  at  the  same  time  break  up  the  trodden  surface. 
The  same  remiiks  apply  to  the  treatment  of  the  soil 
and  mulching  between  the  rows  of  bush  fruits.  Straw- 
berries, &c. 

Fruit  Gathering. 
The  gathering  of  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Peaches, 
&c. ,  will  now,  and  for  some  lime  to  come,  claim  daily 
attention,  and  when  the  fruit  is  dry  and  ready  no 
opportunities  should  be  lost  to  pick  it  when  the 
weather  is  favourable.  Early  varieties  of  Pears,  such 
as  Souvenir  du  Congiuj,  Colmar  d'Ete,  Beurre 
d'Amanlis,  •A'ill  soon  be  ready.  Peaches  out-of-doors 
are  a  fine  crop  this  year.  When  the  fruit  commences 
to  ripen  they  should  be  regularly  examined  every  morn- 
ing when  the  fruit  is  dry,  giving  a  gentle  pull  to  those 
which  indicate  ripeness.  The  fruit  is  all  the  better  for 
being  kept  in  a  cool  fruit-room  for  two  or  three  days 
prior  to  sending  up  for  dessert.  The  best  main  crop 
varieties  we  have  here  out-of-doors  are  Royal  George, 
Dymond,  Violette  Hitive,  Noblesse,  Grosse  Mig- 
nonne,  Teton  de  Venus,  and  Walburton  Admirable. 
G.  H.  Richards,  SomerUy,  Ring-wood. 


J4aRDY    "pRUIT    <^ARDE)M. 


RASPBERRIES. 
If  the  old  fruiting  canes  are  not  already  removed, 
in  order  to  give  full  light  and  air  to  the  young  ones  of 
this  year's  growth,  the  work  should  be  carried  out  as 
soon  as  possible.  The  old-fashioned  system  of  tying 
five  or  six  canes  to  one  stake  has  wisely  been  aban- 
doned for  the  better  plan  of  tying  them  out  singly  to 
a  permanent  wire  trellis,  or  a  substitute  formed  with 
tar  twine  and  stout  wooden  stakes  placed  at  intervals 
along  the  rows,  to  which  the  tarred  twine  is  tightly 
strained  ;  the  latter  answers  the  purpose  admirably, 
but,  in  the  long  run,  is  more  expensive  than  the 
former.  This  is  the  time  to  tie  the  young  shoots  out, 
being  careful  not  to  break  off  the  leaves.  The  young 
canes  should  be  left  full  length  at  present,  as  it  is  pre- 
ferable to  shorten  them  back  in  the  spring  if  neces- 
sary. When  the  tying  is  completed,  the  ground 
between  the  rows  should  be  cleared  from  rubbish  and 
weeds,  afterwards  the  old  mulching  should  be  turned 


PuRiNGthe  next  month  every  opportunity  should 
be  taken  of  thoroughly  cleaning  and  clearing  the  gar- 
den of  weeds,  hoeing  and  raking  should  therefore  be 
persevered  in,  and  as  far  as  possible  all  weeds  exter- 
minated. One  or  two  good  cleanings  now  will  go  a 
long  way  in  maintaining  a  clean  and  neat  appearances 
and  in  keeping  weeds  in  check  during  the  autumn  and 
winter  months  amongst  growing  crops,  and  where  the 
use  of  the  hoe  is  impracticable,  hand  weeding  should 
be  resorted  to  in  removing  big  weeds  before  they 
seed,  which  should  afterwards  be  taken  to  the  rubbish 
heap  and  burnt. 

Winter  Stuff. 

The  various  quarters  of  Brussels  Sprouts,  Broccoli, 
Winter  Greens,  and  the  like,  should  also  be  gone 
over,  and  any  small  or  discoloured  leaves  removed, 
and  if  not  already  done,  the  plants  supported  by  Bav 
ing  the  soil  drawn  up  to  the  stems. 

Onions. 
These,  when  the  tops  and  necks  begin  to  shrivel 
should  be  pulled  up,  and  allowed  to  remain  on  the 
ground  for  a  few  days,  meanwhile  being  turned  over 
in  order  that  they  may  become  thoroughly  ripe  and 
firm,  choosing  a  bright  sunny  day  to  store  them.  An 
airy  dry  store-room,  with  open  shelves  whereon  to 
spread  them  thinly,  would  be  the  most  suitable  situa- 
tion for  the  present,  and  until  they  can  be  assorted 
and  cleaned.  This  is  a  favourable  time  for  harvesting 
seeds  of  any  description,  and  where  not  suflicientlyripe 
and  matured  at  the  time  of  gathering  should  be  placed 
under  conditions  favourable  for  drying,  but  where  the 
process  would  not  be  a  too  rapid  one. 

Endive. 

Plant  out  from  the  seed-beds  sufficient  to  meet  the 
demands  throughout  the  winter.  These  pLantings 
will  supply  the  most  useful  crop,  and  will  be  avail- 
able for  lifting  into  frames,  or  for  bleaching  on  the 
ground.  More  forward  plants  should  be  tied  up  or 
have  slates  placed  over  them  whilst  dry  so  as  to 
become  bleached  for  use.  Where  there  is  suitable 
accommodation  a  very  small  sowing  can  be  made  in 
a  cold  frame,  to  be  afterwards  transplanted  into  others 
for  very  late  spring  use. 

Lettuce. 

Good  provision  should  also  be  made  of  these,  par- 
ticularly of  Cos  varieties,  by  planting  out  now  from 
the  seed-beds  all  the  most  forward  and  strongest 
plants,  and  both  Endive  and  Lettuce  should  be 
allotted  warm  sheltered  borders  and  good  ground. 

TOMATOS. 

Those  on  outside  walls  should  now  be  ripening. 
Remove  all  surplus  leaves  and  laterals,  and  expose 
the  fruit  as  much  as  possible  to  the  influence  of  the 
sun  and  air,  and  alter  this  date  remove  all  flower- 
spikes  as  they  appear.  The  fruit  also  should  be 
gathered  with  the  stalks  attached  as  soon  as  they 
show  colour,'and  placed  in  a  dry,  warm,  house  or 
room  to  finish  ripening.   John  Austen,  ll'itky  C'owt, 


272 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

t  Sale  of  Bulbs,  at  Stevens*  Rooms. 
Monday,         Aug.  30  <  Great  Sale  ot  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

(      Rooms. 
,-,  .  r  Special  Sale  f>(  Orchids  in  Flower,  it  Pro 

TUISDAV,        Aus3'{     theroe  &  Morris' Rooms, 

iBath  Horticultural  Show  (two  tlays). 
Sale  of  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms, 
Sale  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse   Plants,  at 
Stevens'  Rooms, 
r  Sale    of   Valuable    Imported    Orchids,    at 


Thursday,    Sept. 


SATURDAY,       Sept. 


Great  Sale  of  Bulbs, 

Rooms. 
Sale  ol  Greenhous 


Protht 
Plant 


e  &  Morris' 
1  The   Floral 


i.  Maidenhead,  \ty  Protheroe  & 
L      Morns. 

■  Fruit   and    Dahlia    Show,  Crystal    Palace 
I      (two  days), 

I  Sale  of  Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 
'      at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
r  Sale  of  Bulhs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale    of    Bulbs,    at    Protheroe    fe    Morris' 


AN  interesting  meeting  was  held  in  the  Con- 
ference-room of  the  Colonial  Exhibition 
on  Tuesday  last  in  connection  with  the  first 
National  Co-operative  Flower  Show, 
held  in  the  Conservatory.  As  to  the  show  we 
need  not  say  much  beyond  what  is  stated 
in  our  report.  In  some  particulars,  as,  for 
instance,  Potatos,  it  was  good  ;  in  other 
points  it  is  as  well  not  to  say  more  than 
that  in  all  probability,  when  the  effort  is  re- 
peated another  year,  the  results  will  be  more 
satisfactory.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  the  show 
was  mainly  got  up  by  the  Agricultural  and 
Horticultural  Association,  that  the  competitors 
were  members  of  the  Association,  and  the  pro- 
duce was  the  result  of  seeds  provided  by  that 
body.  We  prefer,  on  this  occasion,  to  dwell 
rather  on  the  general  principles  of  the  Associa- 
tion than  on  the  exhibition,  because  they  em- 
body matters  of  the  greatest  importance,  and 
which  may  confidently  be  expected  in  the  future 
to  grow  and  develope  into  something  better. 

The  paper  read  by  the  Managing  Director, 
Mr.  Edward  Owen  Greening,  before  a 
Conference  of  Representatives  of  Co-operative 
Societies  had  for  title,  "  How  can  our  co-opera- 
tive organisation  be  best  utilised  to  promote  a 
love  of  horticulture  amongst  our  working 
people."  In  dealing  with  this  subject  Mr. 
Greening  was  commendably  clear  and  judi- 
ciously brief.  This  was  shown  by  the  great 
numbers  of  delegates  from  various  parts  of  the 
country  who  contributed  their  share  to  the  dis- 
cussion. These  gentlemen,  unlike  the  reader  of 
the  paper,  indulged  in  the  stock  sentiments  as 
to  the  refining  influence  of  flowers,  and  all  the 
rest  of  it,  which  is  no  doubt  quite  true,  but  is  a 
trifle  stale.  Practical  suggestions  would  have 
been  more  appropriate  than  long-winded  dis- 
cussions on  ethics  and  political  economy.  It 
may  be  that  these  latter  matters  are  in  a 
measure  responsible  for  that  tendency  to  elevate 
the  social  and  recreative  feature  of  the  meeting 
above  the  business  of  the  Association,  and  which 
was  commented  upon  with  some  severity  by 
some  of  the  speakers.  We  must  own,  however, 
that  if  we  had  come  up  from  Lancashire  for  a 
day  at  the  Colonial,  we  might  have  felt  disposed 
to  eschew  the  business  element,  which  can  be 
transacted  under  less  distracting  circumstances, 
and  under  more  favourable  conditions  else- 
where. But  perhaps  the  remarks  applied  rather 
to  other  gatherings  than  to  the  one  actually 
under  consideration.  In  any  case  it  is  certain 
that  much  earnestness  for  the  cause  prevailed, 
and  a  strong  desire  for  self-help  as  distinguisheti 
from  officious  patronage.  All  this  is  very  en- 
couraging, although  we  doubt  not  that  a  little 
judicious  advice  from  competent  persons  as  to 
what  to  do,  and  how  to  do  it,  would  be  accept- 
able. 

Mr.  Greening's  suggestions  for  adding  the 
pleasures  and  profits  of  a  garden  to  every 
workman's  house  embraced  the  following 
points  : — 

1.  An  annual  show,  to  be  held  by  each 
society. 

2.  The  provision  of  gardening  requisites  of 
all  descriptions  in  small  quantities,  and  at  a 
reasonable  cost  to  all  the  members. 


3.  The  provision  of  instruction  in  botany  and 
horticulture. 

4.  The  organisation  of  excursions  under  com- 
petent leaders. 

5.  The  provision  of  allotment  gardens. 
Adequately  to  discuss  all  these  points  would 

demand  much  more  than  the  allotted  time  for 
discussion  before  the  members  were  summoned 
to  tea,  and  would,  if  treated  in  these  columns, 
demand  almost  as  many  numbers  of  the  Gar- 
deners^ Chronicle  as  there  are  items  in  the 
programme.  Mr.  Greening,  however,  with 
much  skill  managed  to  compress  what  he  had 
to  say  within  the  compass  of  an  eight-page 
pamphlet. 

Our  own  views  as  to  local  flower  shows, 
what  they  do,  and  how  sadly  inefifective  they 
are  in  promoting  horticulture,  have  often  been 
expressed  ;  and  we  have  repeatedly  thrown  out 
suggestions  for  their  improvement,  without,  so 
far  as  we  see,  much  result.  The  co-operators 
have  evidently  much  common  sense,  and  they 
maybe  trusted  to  develope  their  shows  into  some- 
thing more  useful  than  a  show  where  there  are 
nearly  as  many  prizes  as  entries. 

One  way  in  which  this  development  may  find 
profitable  scope  is  in  carrying  out  the  third  item 
in  the  programme. 

Co-operators,  like  other  amateurs,  lose  much 
valuable  time  and  waste  much  valuable  force 
from  ignorance  of  what  to  grow  and  how  to  grow 
it.  Flower  shows  as  at  present  organised  only 
partially  meet  this  defect,  and  indeed  they  are 
often  misleading.  It  very  often  happens  that 
the  exhibits  at  a  flower  show,  and  which  are 
supposed  to  be  models,  are  by  no  means  suit- 
able examples  for  cottagers  and  co-operators. 

Circumstances  alter  cases.  What  may  be 
suitable  for  the  duke's  gardener  or  the  wealthy 
amateur  ;  what  may  comply  with  the  fashion 
or  the  whims  and  caprice  of  the  day,  may  be 
very  unfit  for  the  class  of  whom  we  are  now 
speaking.  What  seems  to  be  specially  wanting 
in  our  rural  districts  are  suitable  schools  of 
horticulture — and  here  we  do  not  allude  so 
much  to  organised  systematic  teaching  of  the 
rudiments  of  horticultural  science  as  to  prac- 
tical demonstrations.  Co-operators  have  not 
time  to  go  to  school  ;  their  days  for  sitting  on 
a  school  form  are  past.  To  meet  their  require- 
ments some  such  scheme  as  is  carried  out  in 
Belgium  and  in  France  is  required.  In  those 
countries  competent  instructors  visit  the  rural 
districts  at  intervals,  and  give  practical  demon- 
strations in  the  garden  of  the  best  way  to 
prune  a  fruit  tree,  to  bud  a  Rose,  graft  an 
Apple,  and  so  on.  They  explain  the  reason 
why,  and  point  out  the  best  methods  of  doing 
this,  that,  or  the  other  operation,  illus- 
trating their  remarks  by  actually  performing  the 
operation  in  view  of  the  class.  Such  teachers, 
too,  make  known  what  sorts  it  is  best  to  grow 
in  particular  localities,  and  facilitate  the  means 
of  obtaining  them.  Prizes  at  flower  shows  con. 
sist,  not  of  tea-pots  or  small  money  doles,  but  of 
approved  seeds,  tubers,  cuttings,  grafts  of  sorts 
well  enough  known  to  those  who  have  access 
to  great  gardens,  metropolitan  flower  shows,  or 
to  readers  of  the  gardening  Press,  but  which 
are  all  but  unknown  to  those  who  do  not  enjoy 
these  advantages.  Some  such  scheme  we 
commend  to  the  co-operators  for  their  con- 
sideration— no  doubt  with  their  keen  business 
instincts  they  will  see  their  way  to  improve 
upon  it. 

One  other  point  we  may  allude  to,  and  that 
is  the  little  use  that  is  made  of  the  parcel  post. 
Consumers  in  our  great  towns  know  to  their  cost 
at  what  price  the  very  inferior  supplies  from  the 
greengrocer  are  obtained,  and  we  on  our  side 
know  what  beggarly  returns  the  growers  get 
from  their  produce.  This  season  we  have 
numerous  complaints  from  the  growers  that 
Plums,  for  one  instance,  are  scarcely  worth 
picking,  by  the  time  the  expenses  are  paid,  the 
railway  transit  and  the  sellers'  commission  pro- 


vided for,  there  is  little  or  nothing  left  for  the 
grower. 

Surely  here  is  a  chance  for  the  co-operators  ; 
let  them  by  means  of  the  parcel  post  bring 
themselves  into  direct  communication  with  the 
consumer,  and  we  doubt  not  that  they  will  get  a 
fair  return  for  their  trouble,  and  the  consumer 
will  get  better  value  for  his  outlay.  Of  course, 
this  would  be  done  only  on  a  very  limited  scale 
at  first,  but  healthy  things  begin  by  being  small, 
and  grow  by  degrees.  We  commend  the  notion 
to  Mr.  Greening  and  his  fellow-co-operators 
as  one  eminently  worthy  of  their  considera- 
tion. 

We  must  not  extend  our  remarks  at  present, 
but  we  may  at  some  other  time  make  some 
further  remarks  on  the  other  points  in  Mr. 
Greening's  programme.  In  the  meantime  it 
is  satisfactory  to  find  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  doing  something  towards  recognising 
the  diffusion  of  horticulture  among  a  class  for 
whom  it  has  hitherto  done  but  little. 


Just  at  this  season  the  careful  gardener  who 
takes  Time  by  the  forelock,  is  busy  taking  notes 
of  the  various  Vegetables  he  grows,  with  the 
idea  of  weeding  out  the  inferior,  and  substituting 
some  better  kinds.  And  not  infrequently  the 
good  and  trustworthy,  but  not  perhaps  showy 
ones,  are  marked  in  the  note-book  to  be  wholly 
or  partially  discarded  for  some  new  candidate 
for  place  in  the  front  rank  of  table  vegetables.  ' 
There  is  nothing  but  what  is  laudable  in  the 
pursuit  of  novelties,  both  on  the  part  of  those 
who  raise  them  and  those  who  purchase  the 
newly  launched  commodities  of  the  hybridiser 
and  selector  of  new  kinds,  but  it  will  happen, 
especially  now  that  horticultural  societies  offer 
seductive  prizes  for  large,  in  preference  to  the 
best  productions  of  the  gardener,  that  the  new 
favourites  do  not  excel,  or  indeed  equal  the  old 
ones  in  sterling  qualities  ;  and  nowhere  does  this 
fact  seem  to  be  so  apparent  as  in  varieties  of 
Peas.  With  the  one  exception  amongst  vege- 
tables of  Asparagus,  as  distinguished  from 
roots,  the  Pea  stands  first  as  a  table  dish,  and  in 
most  families  it  is  found  on  the  dinner-table 
from  June  till  October,  and  in  the  preserved 
state  during  the  winter  months,  but  then 
only  as  an  occasional  dish  —  no  method 
being  known  by  which  the  delicate  and 
evanescent  flavour  can  be  wholly  preserved. 
Hence  gardeners  become  greatly  interested  in 
anything  connected  with  the  universally  liked 
vegetables,  as  proved  by  the  amount  of  corre- 
spondence on  the  subject  that  reaches  us  from 
time  to  time  during  the  season  of  Peas. 

The  gardeners  may  be  roughly  classed  into 
lovers  of  big  pods  and  of  little  pods  ;  the  first  are 
mostly  men  who  exhibit,  and  who,  owing  to  the 
false  standard  fostered  by  judges  at  horticul- 
tural shows,  attach  all  importance  to  size,  be 
the  other  qualities  what  they  may  ;  the  latter 
prefer  the  small  podded,  abundant  cropping, 
and  generally  sweeter  Peas,  like  Hare's  Mam- 
moth and  its  selection,  Veitch's  Perfection,  and 
the  many  kinds  of  which  these  are  near  or 
distant  relatives  raised  by  Mr.  Laxton,  Dr. 
Maclean,  and  others  ;  and  we  cannot  but 
think  that  in  the  course  of  time  the  sweet 
flavoured  prolific  "  Marrowfats  "  will  drive  the 
coarser  kinds  out  of  all  well  ordered  gardens. 

Amongst  other  Peas  than  those  named  which 
possess  all  desirable  good  qualities  we  must 
not  pass  over  Champion  of  England,  Ne  Plus 
Ultra  (which  is  almost  mildew-proof),  Paradise 
Marrow,  and  the  Early  Advancer.  Supreme 
is  a  good  variety  for  a  special  purpose,  for  it 
may  be  sown  to  give  its  pods  at  about  a  certain 
date,  after  which  time  there  is  no  succession  of 
pods,  and  the  ground  may  be  cleared  for  another 
crop  without  delay — a  great  advantage  to  the 
market  grower  or  the  gardener  with  a  limited 
area  of  garden  ground. 
Some  persons  like  round  Peas,  and  others 


The    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.  —  \vgvst:   28,    18 


Fig.   55.— CHRYSANTHE^tUM   MAXIMUM  1     HARDY   fKRENNlAL  :     fLOWERS  WHITE  :     POLLEN   MAGNIFIED  320  DIAM.      (SKE  P.   274.) 


274 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  zS,  i8 


again  the  wrinkled  Marrow  ;  but  as  the  host 
does  not  select  vegetables  for  himself  alone,  but 
for  his  family  and  his  guests,  and  the  majority 
of  persons  liking  the  latter  the  best,  these 
varieties  find  the  first  place  in  the  kitchen 
garden  all  over  the  country. 

We  have  mentioned  the  fact  of  the  large  Peas 
finding  favour  with  judges  at  shows,  which  will 
reasonably  account  for  the  estimation  in  which 
they  are  held  by  exhibitors  ;  but  we  think  that 
gardeners  with  small  gardens  should  not  grow 
them,  for  the  rows  will  need  more  space  between 
them  than  less  tall,  robust  kinds  ;  and  if  the 
rows  should  run  singly  at  wide  intervals  across 
the  quarters,  the  amount  of  space  on  either 
side  must  be  large,  and  yet  considerable  shade 
will  be  thrown  on  the  neighbouring  crops  that 
will  be  rather  detrimental  than  otherwise. 

In  the  matter  of  sowing  Peas,  there  should 
be  some  little  reform  ;  we  know  that  as  a  rule 
too  many  Peas  are  purchased,  without  there 
being  adequate  reason  for  so  doing.  It  is  no 
uncommon  thing  for  half  a  peck  of  Peas  to  be 
sown  in  a  drill  of  fifty  yards,  when,  if  the  seed 
had  been  placed  singly  at  2  or  3-inch  intervals, 
the  plants  would  have  been  much  stronger  and 
far  more  prolific.  There  can  only  be  two 
motives  for  thick  seeding — those  are,  losses 
accruing  from  such  depredators  as  mice  and 
pheasants,  and  even  here  Pea-guards  and 
traps  would  prove  to  be  cheaper  than  the 
yearly  outlay  on  large  quantities  of  seed  Peas. 
The  points  in  good  Pea  culture  may  be 
summed  up  as  consisting  of  deeply-trenched 
ground,  if  it  is  good  enough  to  bear 
it  ;  abundant  manure,  plenty  of  space, 
thin  seeding,  timely  sticking  to  prevent  wind 
twisting,  and  plentiful  supplies  of  water  or 
diluted  liquid  manure  in  hot  weather,  with 
mulchings  of  half  decayed  litter  laid  on  for  a 
breadth  of  2  feet  on  each  side  of  the  row. 

Every  cook  and  housewife  can  cook  Peas 
according  to  our  island  fashion,  but  the  same 
Peas,  if  stewed  in  a  small  quantity  of  soup  and 
eaten  with  or  without  meat,  would  be  appe- 
tising and  more  nourishing,  retaining  the  flavour 
fully,  which  with  our  method  of  boiling  in  a 
large  quantity  of  water  becomes  in  a  measure 
dissipated. 

Chrysanthemum  maximum  (fig.  55,  p.  273). 

— The  Rev.  C.  Wolley  Dod  sends  flowers  of  Chry- 
santhemum (Leucanlhemum)  maximum  (De  Can- 
dolle),  a  Pyrenean  plant,  often  confounded  in 
nurseries  with  C.  lalifolium  (syn.  lacustre),  a  taller 
and  coarser  plant,  flowering  later,  and  found  wild  in 
Portugal  and  near  Naples.  The  stalk  sent  of  C. 
latifolium  was  raised  from  seed  sent  from  Portugal, 
where  it  grows  10  feet  high.  Perhaps  all  these 
varieties  may  belong  to  one  botanical  species.  As 
much  confusion  exists  in  gardens  we  give  a  figure  of 
C.  uliginosum  (fig.  51,  p.  265),  which  is  later  in  flower 
and  has  thinner,  narrower,  and  more  deeply  toothed 
leaves.  C.  maximum  and  C.  lacustre,  we  suspect,  as 
our  coirespondent  says,  belong  to  one  specie?.  All 
are  useful  plants  at  this  season  for  cutting  or  for  general 
effect  in  the  border. 

Prokessor  Reichenbach. — We  are  re- 
quested to  state  that  the  Professor's  address  for  the 
next  fortnight  will  be  Herbarium,  Royal  Gardens, 
Kew. 

Botanical    Department,     Jamaica.  — 

Pending  the  decision  of  the  Local  Legislative  Council 
as  to  the  future  of  the  Department,  Mr.  J.  Hart  has 
been  appointed  Acting  Director. 

Horticultural  International  Exhi- 
bition, Dresden,  May  7—14,  1887. — The  com- 
mittee of  the  above  exhibilion  has  sent  out  the  official 
programme.  It  contains  392  different  classes,  with  more 
than  icoo  prizes,  exceeding  in  amount  20,000  marks 
(  =  1^1000),  and  is  to  be  obtained  free  on  application  to 
the  "Geschliftsamt  der  Internationalen  Gartenbau-Aus- 
stellung,  Dresden."  His  Majesty  the  King  of  Saxony 
most  graciously  consented  to  become  protector  of  this 
large  enterprise ;  the  Privy  Councillor  von  Einsiedel, 
Director  of  the  third  department  of  the  Royal  Saxon 


Ministry  of  the  Interior,  has  been  appointed  Govern- 
ment Commissioner  ;  and  Dr.  Stuehel,  first  burgo- 
master of  Dresden,  has  accepted  the  pott  of  honorary 
President  of  Ihe  committee.  The  grounds  where  the 
exhibition  will  take  place  are  situated  in  the  fine  old 
park  of  the  royal  residence,  close  to  the  city,  and  in  a 
most  lovely  and  sheltered  spot.  Ten  hectares  were 
last  spring  prepared  for  exhibition  purposes,  the 
necessary  buildings  covering  6000  square  metres  (more 
than  70,000  square  feel).  The  committee  will  do  its 
utmost  to  supply  foreign  exhibitors  with  every  pos- 
sible facility,  so  as  to  secure  to  the  exhibition  an 
international  character.  It  seems  to  have  taken  for 
its  model  the  well-known  quinquennial  exhibitions  at 
Ghent. 

PRciLnNGKD   Vitality    of   Setd.  — From 

the  gardens  at  Glen  Grant  we  have  received  two 
joints  of  the  pod  of  Entada  scandens.  The  pods  of 
this  plant  are  very  large  and  woody,  each  joint  con- 
taining a  single  large  seed.  We  have  heard  of  these 
pods  being  made  to  serve  the  purpose  of  door 
knockers  in  the  West  Indies,  and  this  use  suggests 
another,  viz.,  that  they  might  be  used  as  rattles  to 
keep  the  birds  off  fruit  trees.  If  we  remember  rightly, 
seeds  of  this  plant  have  been  washed  up  in  a  germi- 
nating condition  on  our  western  coast,  but  this  is  of 
minor  importance  as  compared  with  the  story  told  in 
the  following  letter  :— 

' '  The  enclosed  are  two  Beans  from  the  joint  of  a  pod 
2  feet  in  length,  and  containing  ten  Beans.  This  pod 
was  brought  home  from  India  over  forty  years  ago  by 
the  late  Dr.  Tavlok,  ol  Elgin.  Two  months  ago  I  put 
several  of  the  Beans  in  a  pot  in  our  stove,  and  to  my 
surprise  two  of  them  have  germinated  and  thrown  up 
stalks  which  are  now  over  a  foot  in  height.  The  Beans 
have  not  been  preserved  in  any  special  way,  so  that 
under  these  circumstances  and  after  50  long  a  lapse  of 
time  it  is  strange  to  see  vitality  so  strong  in  ihcni. 
Perhaps  you  could  tell  me  what  is  tlie  name  of  the 
plant  from  which  the  enclosed  has  been  taken  off,  CiU-i/ 
Grant." 

Kew. — The  gardens  are  very  beautiful  just 

now,  and  as  usual  full  of  interest.  The  rockwork  is 
such  a  success  that  it  makes  us  long  for  a  proper  bog 
garden  ;  the  recesses  that  do  duty  for  one  at  present 
are  quite  inadequate,  and  the  tank  hardly  meets  the 
requirements  we  have  in  view.  The  planting  of  the 
shrubbery  beds  has  been  greatly  improved  of 
hte,  and  beds  of  shrubs  of  interesting  or  strik- 
ing character  are  inserted  in  place  of  masses  of 
common  Laurels  and  other  tolerably  wellknown  plants. 
Beds  of  variegated  shrubs,  of  Fuchsias  and  of  Salvias 
of  various  kinds,  of  Ilelichrysums,  of  Phloxes,  and 
Hydrangeas,  illustrate  what  we  mean,  and  constitute 
a  comparatively  new  feature  of  great  interest.  Lilium 
auratum  in  the  Rhododendron  beds  adds  variety  to 
what  at  this  season  would  be  monotonous  green 
beds.  In  the  houses  the  massing  system  is  intro- 
duced in  a  similar  way — a  clump  of  Exacums, 
or  Cockscombs,  or  Agapanthus,  or  what  not. 
This  is  better  than  a  higgledy-piggledy  arrange- 
ment, and  allows  of  the  character  of  the  plant  being 
better  seen  ;  but,  for  effect's  sake,  we  should  vote 
for  a  mixed  system,  in  which  a  clump  of  some 
striking  flower  should  rise  from  a  mixed  border  as  it 
were,  rather  than  have  a  mass  of  one  flower  in  juxta- 
position with  another  group  of  some  other  flower. 
A  bench  of  Lilium  speciosum  and  blue  Agapanthus 
intermingled  is  very  beautiful  just  now  in  No.  4. 
What  an  eye  for  elT:ct,  too,  had  he,  whoever  he 
was,  who  lined  the  bed  on  one  side  of  the  Succulent- 
house  with  an  edging  of  the  extraordinary  and  curious 
Streptocarpus  Dunnii,  each  plant  with  a  single 
very  large  boldly  crumpled  leaf,  and  a  panicle  of  pale 
dull  red  flowers.  We  should  never  have  thought  of 
growing  a  Streptocarpus  in  such  a  position,  but  the 
effect  is  unique.  The  pale  cream-coloured  Crocus 
vallicola  may  be  noted  in  the  Crocus  bed.  It  looks 
as  imolile  in  its  way  as  the  Streptocarpus.  A  bed  of 
species  of  Nicotiana,  opposite  No.  2  Museum,  should 
attract  the  attention  of  those  enthusiasts  who  are 
looking  to  grow  Tobacco  in  this  country  ;  the  dilTercnt 
periods  at  which  the  leaves  ripen  off  is  specially  note- 
worthy, from  this  point  of  view. 

Mr.     Bull's    Orchids.  —  Although     the 

special  exhibition  which  Mr.  Bull  holds  for  so 
many  weeks  during  the  summer  has  now  closed,  the 
visitor  may  still  find  much  to  interest  him  j  indeed, 
we  are  disposed  to  think  that  the  real  Orchid  lover 
will  find  a  visit  more  satisfactory  now  when  the  number 


of  plants  in  hloom  is  greater.  At  any  rate,  he  can  study 
the  plants  more  effectively  and  more  at  his  ease. 
Those  who  want  something  gorgeous  to  look  at  may 
still  find  Cattleya  Dowiana  and  C.  speciosa  Men- 
delii,  Lxlia  Amanda;  Oncidium  dasyslyle,  with  its 
bee-like  lip,  forces  itself  upon  the  visitor  ;  Maxil- 
laria  venusta,  Oncidium  Papilio,  and  its  allies ; 
Dandrobium  bigibbum,  Catasetums  of  various  kinds, 
Miltonias,  Epidendrum  prismatocarpum,  Renanthera 
coccinea,  small  plants  full  of  flower,  and  various 
others,  are  still  to  be  seen,  including  the  beautiful 
Cypripedium  Spicerianum,  which  is  blooming  cut  of 
season.  Where  such  large  quantities  are  grown  some 
will  be  sure  to  be  out  of  season,  but  none  the  less 
welcome.  For  the  lover  of  curiosities  Mr.  Bull  has 
a  treat  in  store  in  the  shape  of  a  new  Aristolochia, 
closely  allied  to  A.  eriantha,  but  differing  from  that 
species.  In  form  it  is  grotesque,  but  the  distribution 
of  colour  is  singularly  beautiful.  We  hope  shortly  to 
have  an  opportunity  of  figuring  this  species,  which 
has  but  one  drawback — the  smell,  not  of  the  flower, 
but  ol  the  leaves. 

Passi FLORA  VITIFOLIA.— If  this  Passion- 
flower could  be  made  to  bloom  with  the  freedom  of 
P.  racemosa  or  P.  kermesina  it  would  simply 
be  magnificent,  but  rather  overpowering  if  the 
flowers  were  numerous,  owing  to  the  intensity  of 
colour,  which  is  a  brilliant  or  vermilion-scarlet.  This 
applies  to  both  sepals,  petals,  and  corona,  with  the 
exception  perhaps  of  the  keel  or  excurrent  midrib  of 
the  sepals,  which  is  often  or  usually  gr^en.  The 
flowers  are  axillary,  solitary,  and  several  inches  in 
diameter,  resembling  a  Tacsonia  in  general  aspect, 
and  is  often  called  Tacsonia  vilifolia  or  T.  Bachanani. 
The  elongated  tube,  however,  by  which  Tacsonia  is 
distinguished  generically  from  Passiflora  is  here  absent. 
The  leaves  are  ample  and  deeply  three-lobed,  with 
indications  of  two  small  lateral  lobes  near  the  base  in 
strong  specimens,  and  irregularly  toothed,  with  much 
broader  and  ovate  segments,  very  different  from  those 
of  the  Tacsonia  ^'an  Volxemii  type,  to  which  the 
flowers  bear  a  superficial  resemblance.  There  is  a 
good  representation  of  the  species  in  the  Flora! 
Magazine,  n.s.,  317,  and  a  flowering  specimen  may 
be  seen  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew  trained  to  wires 
under  the  curvilinear  roof.  It  may  be  cultivated  in  a 
large  pot,  using  light  rich  loam  and  fibrous  peat,  with 
Euflicient  silver  or  river  sand  to  ensure  sufiicient 
porosity  ;  but  like  many  or  most  other  species  it  gives 
most  satisfaction  when  planted  out  as  at  Kew.  The 
climbing  stems  attain  great  length,  and  consequently 
require  more  room  for  root  extension  than  could  be 
conveniently  given  them  in  a  pot.  The  plant  is  a 
native  of  Panama,  and  the  northern  parts  of  South 
America, 

Exi'Ekimental    Tobacco     Clilture.  — 

On  so.-ne  ground  rented  by  Messr?.  Carter  &  Co., 
at  Plaistow  in  Kent,  a  number  of  varieties  of  the 
Tobacco  plant  are  now  undergoing  a  course  of  trial, 
so  as  to  ascertain  the  varieties  best  suited  to  our 
climate.  The  ground  is  so  far  suited  to  the  growth 
of  the  plant  it  being  well  sheltered,  but  although  its 
area  does  not  exceed  three-quarters  of  an  acre,  there 
appears  to  be  considerable  diversity  in  its  fertility,  as 
is  shown  by  the  varying  heights  and  strength  of  the 
plants  ;  and  the  lowest  part  of  the  ground  is  liable  to 
be  flooded  by  water  from  a  neighbouring  ditch.  These 
drawbacks  could  be  avoided  by  deep  digging  after  an 
even  distribution  of  liomogeneous  well-rotted  manure, 
and  by  other  obvious  changes.  The  sorts  grown 
are  Havana,  Spanish  Seed-Leaf,  Florida,  Yellow 
Pryor,  Hester  Virginia,  Pennsylvania,  One  Sucker, 
Kentucky,  Virginian,  Big  Frederick,  Maryland 
Btoadleaf,  Island  Broadleaf,  White  Barley,  White 
Stem,  Yellow  Oronoco,  Connecticut,  and  Glasner, 
The  most  promising  Tobaccos  are  those  which  are 
long  jointed  and  broad-leaved.  These  carry  their 
foliage  clear  ol  the  soil,  and  are  in  consequence  not 
disfigured  by  dirt  or  injured  by  worms  and  slugs  ;  the 
air  gets  better  amongst  them  than  is  the  case  with  the 
short  compact-habited  sorts  whose  leaves,  as  in  the 
case  of  Cann's  Seed-Leaf,  lie  on  the  ground  or  nearly 
so.  Glasner,  Connecticut,  Pennsylvania,  and  White 
Barley  are  each  more  or  less,  so  far  as  could  be  seen 
now,  of  thia  close  dwarf  habit.  The  other  kinds 
differ  from  these  in  being,  as  we  have  said,  of  an 
ascending  habit,  with  long  intervals  between  the 
leaves.  Some  have  slender  foliage,  pendulous 
at  the  tips  ;  others  support  the  leaf  horizon- 
tally, or  nearly  so  ;  and  in  scarcely  any  of  them  are  the 
various   hues   of   green  alike.     The  plants  are  now 


August  28,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


2^75 


growing  fast,  and  if  the  weather  continues  warm, 
without  rain,  great  progress  will  be  made  before 
we  get  frost  in  that  part  of  the  country.  The  method 
of  cultivation  adopted  is  that  generally  advocated  by 
men  of  experience  in  the  United  States  of  America, 
the  plants  being  set  out  on  slight  hillocks  standing 
3  feet  apart  in  the  row,  and  4  feet  between  the  rows, 
the  greater  space  affording  means  of  getting  amongst 
the  plants  with  the  cultivator  in  the  early  stages,  and 
with  the  hoe  later.  Topping  the  plants  as  they  show 
the  flower-buds  and  have  developed  nine  leaves,  with- 
out reckoning  the  bottom  pair,  and  constantly 
removing  laterals,  requires  the  constant  attention  of  the 
man  in  charge  of  the  crop.  If  it  should  be  found  to 
answer,  and  our  Government  fix  an  Excise  tax  on  each 
plant,  as  is  done  in  Belgium,  it  would  prove  a  source 
of  revenue  to  our  small  farmers  and  cottagers,  as  the 
profits  per  acre  are  considerably  higher  than  those 
from  corn,  &c. 

A  Bi-GENERic  Hybrid.— We  know  nothing 

of  Bulgarian  atrocities  or  other  news  of  the  week  that 
will  for  a  moment  compare  with  the  interest  attach- 
ing to  Messrs.  Veiich's  hybrid  between  Sophronitis 
and  Caltleya,  described  by  Professor  Reicheni!ACH 
at  p.  263.  The  result,  as  will  be  seen,  is  not  a 
Cattleya  nor  a  Sophronitis,  but  a  Lslia  !  We  are 
confident  that  Mr.  Seden  has  accomplished  a  revolu- 
tion in  botanical  science  which  in  its  possibilities 
and  far-reaching  significance  puts  Home  Rule,  or 
any  ephemeral  accident  of  that  kind,  quite  in  the 
shade.  If  politicians  cannot  see  it  in  the  same 
light,  that  is  not  our  fault.  They  deal  with  the 
things  of  the  day— this  is  one  of  the  "external  veri- 
ties," as  Caklylk  would  say. 

Swiss  Society  of  Natural  Science.— 

The  meeting  of  this  society,  the  oldest  of  its  kind 
holding  meetings  in  different  towns,  has  lately  been 
held  in  Geneva.  Among  other  papers  read  was  one  by 
Dr.  Gilbert  on  "Aggregate  Temperatures."  This 
was  the  more  appropriate,  as  the  veteran  botanist 
of  Geneva,  M.  Ali'HONSE  de  Candolle,  was 
the  first  to  draw  the  distinction  between  what  may 
be  called  useless  temperatures  and  those  which  are 
useful.  No  temperature  lower  than  32''  Fahr.  can 
be  considered  useful  to  plants,  and  in  most  cases  a 
considerably  higher  degree  is  necessary,  hence 
in  applying  meteorological  records  to  practical 
purposes  it  is  necessary  to  eliminate  all  those 
lower  than  a  certan  degree  as  usehss.  It  has 
been  ascertained  that  for  each  plant  a  certain  aggregate 
amount  of  heat  is  necessary — so  much  for  the  pro- 
duction of  foliage,  so  much  more  for  the  production 
of  flower  and  seed,  and  so  on.  Dr.  Gilbert,  ihei;- 
fore.  availed  himself  of  the  unique  scries  of  observa- 
tions at  Rothamsted  to  prepare  a  paper,  entitled 
"  Some  Illustrations  of  the  Connection  between 
Aggregate  Temperature  and  Agricultural  Produce." 
The  paper  contained  a  summary  of  the  records  of 
Rothamsted  and  of  the  Meteorological  Office,  com- 
paring the  results  with  others  of  a  like  character  in 
different  countries.  M.  Alphonse  de  Candolle 
spoke  at  length  on  the  subject,  and  we  may  shortly 
hope  to  be  able  to  publish  an  abstract  of  this  paper  of 
such  vast  interest  to  cultivators. 

What  Cultivation  Does   —  Mr.    Barr 

furnishes  us  a  good  illustration  of  this  in  the  shape  of 
some  root-stocks  of  the  lovely  Anemone  fulgens. 
Wild  specimens  before  us  vary  from  i  inch  to  2  J 
inches  in  length,  with  an  average  diameter  of  about 
half  an  inch.  Cultivated  specimens  measure  4  inches 
in  length  by  2\  or  3  inches  in  width,  and  are  divided 
into  numerous  stout,  sturdy  branches,  giving  abun- 
dant promise  for  the  future.  Tourists  and  plant 
lovers  should  remember  this,  and  not  uproot  the 
native  plants,  but  collect  the  seed  and  grow  it  on,  or 
get  the  nurseryman  to  do  it  for  them. 

Change   of  Address.— Mr.   Alexander 

Crewe,  late  Manager  to  Messrs.  Viccars,  Collyer 
^:  Co  ,  Leicester,  has  been  appointed  to  a  similar 
post  in  the  establishment  of  Mr.R.  H.  Vertegans, 
Chad  Valley  Nurseries,  Birmingham. 

Publications  Received. — Revival  of  Trade 

by  Ihe  Develop/nmt  of  India.  By  W.  Birkmyre. — 
Reports  of  Insects  Injurious  to  Fruit  Crops.  (Agri- 
cultural Department  Privy  Council  Office.).  — 77j« 
Mulberry  Silkworm  :  a  Manual  of  Instructions  in 
Silk  Culture.  By  C.  V.  Riley,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 
(U.S.A.  Department  of  Agriculture.) — Report  of  Ihe 
KHtotnolo!>ist  (C.  V.  Riley,  M.A.,  Ph.D.)  fot  the 
Year  Hid.     (U.S.A.  Department  of  Agriculture). 


■JTS ' 


GR.\FTED  .\ND   BUDDED  TREE-S. 

Any  such  must  now  be  examined,  the  bandages 
loosened  or  renewed,  and  shoots  growing  below  the 
junction  be  rubbed  off.  Iljllies,  Thorns,  and  Chest- 
nuts may  still  be  worked,  but  the  sooner  the  buds  are 
inserted  the  more  rapid  and  strong  the  young  shoots 
will  appear 

New  Plantations. 

All  grounds  intended  for  planting  will  now  require 
to  be  enclosed,  drained  if  necessary,  cleared  of  rank 
herbage — Gorse,  Broom,  rough  grass,  and  brush  — 
and  pitted,  where  such  is  found  msA  suitable  for  the 
future  welfare  of  the  young  plants. 

Birly  pitting  should  always  be  the  rule,  and  par- 
ticularly where  the  soil  is  stiti,  as  the  upturned  earth 
is  thus  exposed  to  the  influences  of  the  early  frosts, 
which  make  it  well  fitted  for  the  reception  of  the 
plants.  In  removing  Garse  and  Broom  from  land 
that  is  to  be  planted,  grubbing  will  be  found  to  be  the 
best  way,  removing  evsry  roj'.  anJ  twig,  or  else  these 
will  prove  a  source  of  danger  by  fostering  insects  and 
fungoid  pests,  to  the  detriment  of  the  trees.  Drain- 
ing should  be  performed  as  early  as  possible  in  the 
present  month,  so  that  by  planting  time  the  ground 
may  be  in  a  workable  condition. 

Pine  Beetles. 

Keep  a  sharp  outlook  amongst  newly  planted  Firs 
and  Pines  for  beetles  and  ci'.erpillars,  as  this  is  thjir 
busy  time.  Pinus  Liricio  was  thought  to  be  exempt 
from  the  attacks  of  the  Pine-beetle,  but  this,  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  is  not  the  cise,  lor  some  I2,O0D  plants, 
put  in  at  about  1000  feet  altitude,  on  this  estate,  hive 
sutV.-red  severely.  For  iden'.ilication  of  the  insects, 
and  the  best  methods  of  exterminating  the  same,  we 
would  strongly  advise  foresters  or  others  in  charge  of 
woodlands  to  apply  direct  ti  Miss  Ormerod,  as  too 
much  of  the  information  usually  appearing  under  this 
head  is  very  faulty. 

Drains. 

Drains  will  be  apt  to  get  chjked  up  by  Nettles  and 
other  weeds,  the  growth  of  which  has  been  extraor- 
dinary during  the  past  mo.ilh,  so  that  it  will  be 
fjund  advisable  to  pay  extra  attention  to  this  matter, 
Tnis  may  be  considered  a;  the  best  season  for  clear- 
ing all  woodland  ditches,  mouth;  of  closed  drains, 
culverts,  &c. 

Hedcjes  and  Fences. 

These  may  now  be  trimmed  closely  in,  the  soil 
along  their  sides  cleared  of  weeds,  and  any  branches 
of  trees  which  overshadow  them  cut  back.  Over- 
hanging branches  are  always  injarious  to  live  fences 
of  all  kinds,  and  should  be  cut  back  at  least  once 
every  year,  and  no  better  time  for  such  will  be  found 
than  when  the  hedges  are  receiving  their  annual 
trimming  during  the  summer  months.  Prepare 
ground  for  the  reception  of  Quicks  in  autumn  by 
deeply  digging  or  trenching  it  over,  poor  soils  re- 
ceiving a  good  coating  of  decayed  farmyard  manure 
before  being  dug.  Plant  the  Quicks  during  favourable 
weather  in  late  autumn,  or  before  Christmas,  as  the 
Thorn  being  one  of  our  earliest  plants  to  start  into 
growth  must  be  got  in  early,  so  as  to  have  a  fair  chance 
of  becoming  established  during  the  following  year. 
More  than  at  any  other  season  of  the  year  fences 
generally  will  require  attention,  so  that  the  trespassing 
of  farm  stock  to  the  woods  may  be  prevented.  Cattle 
are  now  so  tormented  by  (lies  that  the  cool  woodland 
is  a  pleasant  resort,  and  anything  but  a  fence  of  the 
best  material  and  construction  will  be  useless  for  the 
purpose.  During  dry  weather  cart  material-  for  the 
erection  of  new  fences,  but  particularly  those  on  high 
hilly  grounds,  as  the  cost  of  transit  is  considerably 
lessened  at  such  a  time. 

Tree  guards  will  likewise  require  an  occasional  ex- 
amination to  see  that  all  is  secure.  Upright  stakes 
nailed  to  a  circular  hoop  at  top,  we  find  the  best  both 
for  appearance  and  efficiency,  hurdles  taking  up  too 
much  room,  and  wire  netting  placed  around  the  stems 
being  both  dangerous  and  risky,  and  more  especially 
where  valuable  horses  are  kept,  their  shoes  getting 
entangled  in  the  wire.  Rabbit-proof  nettings  and 
the  stakes  and  ties  of  last  year's  planted  Conifers 
should  also  be  examined  and  repairs  done  where 
such  are  found  necessary. 


Rides  and  Drives. 
Trim  and  mow  wood  rides  and  shooting  paths, 
an!  prune  park  and  hedgerow  trees,  removing  all  ill- 
balanced  and  drooping  branches,  as  well  as  dead 
twigs  and  limbs.  The  Portugal  Laurel  and  Laurusti- 
nus  were,  in  this  and  other  districts,  severely  cut  by 
the  unsasonable  frosts,  so  that  a  little  trouble  in  the 
way  of  pruning  will,  for  the  sake  of  neatness,  have  to 
be  taken. 

General  Work. 

Work  in  the  woodlands,  including  thinning,  re- 
moving of  timber  and  firewood,  pruning  of  dead 
branches  from  recently  thinned  Oak  plantations,  and 
removing  of  superfluous  shoots  from  coppice  stools, 
should  be  pushed  forward,  and  finished  early  in 
the  month ;  indeed  such  work  should  precede  the 
harvest,  so  that  the  game,  on  being  driven  into  the 
woods  as  the  crops  are  cut  down,  may  not  be  dis- 
turbed by  the  operation.  Collect  branches  alongside 
the  drives  and  roads  in  the  woods,  and  have  these 
made  into  faggots  and  removed. 

About  the  latter  end  of  the  month  is  the  best  tims 
to  transplant  all  evergreens,  but  it  is  likewise  well  to 
choose  dull  damp  weather  lor  the  work.  By  thus 
miking  an  early  start  the  plants  will  be  able  to  lay 
hold  of  the  ground  while  the  temperature  is  still  hfgh 
and  get  established  before  winter  sets  in — a  point 
much  in  their  favour,  for  if  they  come  through  that 
season  unharmed  they  are  much  better  prepared  to 
withstand  the  east  winds  and  partial  droughts  from 
which  spring  planted  evergreens  usually  suffer  so 
much. 

Rarely  have  we  seen  such  a  heavy  crop  of  cones 
as  is  at  present  visible  on  the  various  species  of  Abies, 
Picea,  Pinus,  Cedrus,  and  Cupressus.  The  branches 
of  -A.  aobilis  are,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  borne  down 
with  the  unusual  number  of  large  sized  cones,  which 
may  likewise  be  said  in  a  minor  degree  of  A.  Nord- 
minniaaa,  A.  cephalonica,  and  A.  Webbiana.  How 
soon  the  pretty  little  cones  of  P.  Menzicsii  assume  a 
brown  and  ripened  tinge  ! — indeed,  a  month  ago,  when 
numerous  others  on  allied  species  were  hardly  fully 
formed,  those  on  this  distinct  and  desirable  Conifer 
were  glistening  in  the  sunlight.  Perhaps  never  before 
have  such  a  number  of  our  forest  trees  produced  a 
second  growth  as  during  the  present  peculiar  season, 
and  certainly  seldom  so  early  numbers  of  the  Oak 
and  Beech  during  the  final  weeks  of  July.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  that  we  shall  have  warm  dry  weather,  so  as 
to  ripen  these  ill-timed  though  highly  ornamental 
growths.  A,  D,  H'ebster,  Penrhyn  Castle,  North 
Wales. 


Hfftttts  of  §aalts. 

Golden    Feather.       \if  the   Authsr  of  MehilUk 
John  Herrini^,  &c. 
This  is  one  of  the  series  of  penny  novelettes  lately 
projected   by   the    Society   for    Promoting    Christian 
Knowledge,    with   a   view   to   improve    the   taste  in 
fiction  of  the  masses.     Mr.  Baring- Gould,  it  seems  to 
us,  has  produced  in  Golden  Feather  an  ideal  of  what 
such   a   tale   should    be.     To  say  it  is  equal  to  the 
general  run  of  3IJ.  6./.  three  volume  novels,  consider- 
ing  their   invertebrate  morality,   dull  prolixity,   and 
sameness,  would   be  poor  praise.     As  the  hero  is  a 
gardener,    and   the  greater   number  of  the  incidents 
move   in   a  horticultural  atmosphere,  it  should  prove 
of  great  interest    to  a  number  of  our  readers.     The 
story   opens    with    an   exemplified    defiaition   of  the 
Essex  phrase  "  Tiffling  toitly."    And  at  the  end  of  the 
first  chapter  we  get  to  know  what  "  toit  tilTling  "  may 
mean   in    the   life   of  a   family.      A  contrast  is  next 
drawn  by  a  description  of  the  happy  home  of  a  small 
seedsman,  who   had   a   vast    tenderness  for  Balsams. 
This  seedsman,  Deval  by  name,  has  two  sons.     The 
older,    a   scapegrace,    has   no  fondness  for  anything 
in  his    father's   nursery   except  the   Tobacco,   which 
he   purloins  for   his  own   use.      These    thefts    lead 
to   a    quarrel    between    father    and   son.     The   old 
man    never   could  see  the   raison  d'etre  of  smoking 
folks,  he  was   wont  to  declare,   had  no  greenfly  in 
their   insides.      The   eldest   son,    who   was   really  a 
graceless  scamp,  finally  leaves  the  paternal  roof  and 
goes  to  sea.     A  report  soon   transpires  that  he  has 
been  drowned — much   to  the  sorrow  of  the  mother, 
who  loves  her  profligate  elder  son  far  more  than  the 
quiet,  genuine  younger  brother.     Matters,  again,  do 
not  go  as  smoothly  as  possible  between  the  father  and 
this  son.    He  had  an  ambition  above  Balsams.    "  He 


276 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


(Adgust  28,  1886. 


would  rather  be  a  chimney-sweep  than  stick  at 
Petunias, "  which  flower  his  father  had  suggested  as 
an  alternative  to  Balsams ;  he  had  made  up  his  mind 
to  be  a  Rose  grower,  and  a  Rose  grower  he  would 
be. 

The  tale  from  beginning  to  end,  where  the  younger 
boy  comes  over  from  his  Rose  nursery  at  Chantilly, 
and  wins  the  chief  prizes  at  an  International  Rose 
Show  at  Colchester,  and  at  the  same  the  sweet  type 
of  womanhood  drawn  in  the  person  of  "  Golden 
Feather,"  has  an  unflagging  interest.  Mr.  Baring- 
Gould  shows  an  intimate  knowledge  of  gardening  life 
which  one  would  hardly  expect  from  the  weird  vein 
he  has  been  working  in  his  other  romances.  Besides 
the  hero  and  heroine  all  the  other  characters  are 
good.  Particularly  well  drawn  are  the  occupants 
of  the  miserable  household  from  which  the  blameless 
"  Golden  Feather  "  emerges.  The  mother  is  one  of 
those  unhappy  women  *'  who  are  always  in  a  mess, 
and  the  harder  she  worked  the  greater  the  mess  into 
which  she  reduced  the  house."  Her  description  of  the 
uses  of  a  petticoat  is  worth  quoting,  "  Vou  see  what 
a  blessed  mercy  a  petticoat  is  to  a  mother  of  a  family  ; 
it's  like  a  towel,  and  a  duster,  and  a  handkerchief, 
and  a  glasscloth,  and  a  brush,  and  a  score  of  other 
things  combined ;  if  you  have'nt  what  you  want 
handy,  you  have  only  to  whip  up  the  side  of  your 
gown,  and  you  can  use  the  petticoat  to  clean  a  plate, 
or  wipe  the  table,  or  wash  a  face,  or  when  Malonie 
has  been  a-banging  me  about  in  his  playful  ways,  I  can 
wipe  my  eyes  with  it,  or  you  can  try  an  iron  on  it, 
or  use  it  as  a  kettle-holder.  You  let  down  your 
gown  and  nobody's  the  wiser.  It's  just — just  like 
the  drop-scene  of  a  theatre." 

Another  good  point  is  that  there  is  no  moral  drawn 
at  the  end,  but  the  tale  cannot  avoid  teaching  a  good 
lesson,  and  ought  to  be  known  in  every  poor  house- 
hold. 


Iloiltata'    Jlotti^ra. 


CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM. 
The  valuable  note  by  Mr.  James  Douglas  at  p. 
246  illustrates  in  the  most  direct  manner  the  familiar 
but  much  abused  truth,  that  we  must  look  to  Dame 
Nature  as  our  teacher  when  our  ambition  is  to  suc- 
ceed in  plant  growing.  It  will  be  good  for  young 
gardeners  to  read  the  note  a  second  time,  and  men 
who  have  given  up  the  habit  o(  being  "  young  "  may 
in  many  cases  certainly  derive  something  from  it. 
The  cultivation  of  the  Persian  Cyclamen  is  one  of  the 
most  modern  of  arts,  as  the  books  will  show  to  those 
who  know  nothing  of  exhibitions  or  markets.  It 
was  the  custom  to  "dry  oil"  the  corms  when  the 
flowering  was  over,  and  the  plant  was  always  hovering 
between  life  and  death  until  within  some  fiveand- 
twenty  years  of  this  time,  since  when  the  teachings  of 
Nature  have  had  some  amount  of  respect,  and  the 
Cyclamen  has  become  a  truly  wonderful  thing.  In 
the  year  1858  I  made  a  venture  in  this  business,  fol- 
lowing the  stupid  old  routine  of  drying  off.  It  is 
said  that  "dead  men  tell  no  tales,"  but  that  is  a  grave 
mistake,  for  they  tell  tales  of  the  doctors,  the  heart- 
breakers,  and  the  wretches  who  make  promises  they 
do  not  intend  to  keep.  My  dead  Cyclamens 
used  to  say  to  me  in  words  I  could  actually  hear, 
"  This  drying-off  is  a  deadly  business,  give  it  up." 
And  I  gave  it  up,  and  acted  on  the  theory  of  con- 
tinuous growth  as  a  feature  of  the  life-history  of  this 
lovely  plant.  I  did  the  same  with  Calla  (Richardia) 
sethiopica,  and  had  the  generous  aid  of  the  Gar- 
denirs'  Chronicle  in  dispelling  the  delusion  that  is 
embodied  in  the  drying-off  that  beauty  which  no 
more  needs  such  severe  treatment  than  Mont  Blanc 
requires  whitewashing.  The  improved  cultivation  of 
the  Persian  Cyclamen  has  acquired  historical  im- 
portance, for  it  illustrates  the  whole  theory  of  horti- 
cultural progress  in  the  past  halt  century.  The  life 
of  the  modern  garden  may  be  said  to  be  coeval  with 
that  of  horticultural  journalism,  dating,  say,  from  the 
time  of  the  Reform  Bill,  1832,  when  Loudon  was  in 
full  swing  and  railroads  were  in  their  procreant  cradle. 
Yes,  I  soon  found  that  drying-off  was  a  clever 
method  of  compelling  the  dying  off  of  my  pets, 
and  I  adopted  the  plan  of  continuous  growing,  sub- 
ject to  a  sort  of  tidal  rise  and  fall,  the  low  tide  time 
in  this  case  meaning  moderate  moisture,  and  a  tem- 
perature just  low  enough  to  favour  rest.     I  should 


much  like  to  establish  the  date,  if  only  approximately, 
of  the  origin  of  Cyclamen  culture  according  to  modern 
ideas.  It  needed  but  a  few  striking  facts  and  agree- 
able reflections  thereupon  to  satisfy  me  that  to  dry  oft' 
a  Cyclamen  corm  was  to  make  a  bad  mummy  of  it, 
I  want  to  supplement  the  valuable  paper  of  Mr. 
Douglas  by  saying  that  tidal  growth  is  the  secret  of 
success,  and  low  tide  should  always  mean  that  mois- 
ture is  still  requisite— what  is  understood  as  desiccation 
being  a  desecration  of  this  delicate  gift  of  the  All- 
giver.  In  the  Gai-ikn  Oracle  for  1863  I  published 
what  I  then  believed,  and  do  still  believe,  was  and  is 
the  best  short  essay  ever  penned  on  the  subject ;  but 
if  somebody  will  show  me  a  better  of  an  earlier  date 
I  will  be  in  haste  to  cry  "  Peccavi."  And  here  is  the 
substance  of  it,  which  possibly  is  a  good  code  still  for 
success  in  Cyclamen  culture.  A  stock  of  useful 
plants  may  be  raised  in  six  months  by  a  very  simple 
course  of  action.  Prepare  a  number  of  shallow  boxes 
3  inches  deep,  or,  lacking  these,  use  shallow  seed- 
pans.  Over  the  crocks  spread  tough  peat  in  half-inch 
lumps,  and  fill  up  with  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  peat, 
turfy  loam,  leaf-mould,  and  sharp  sand.  In  January 
sow  the  seeds  singly  3  inches  apart  every  way,  and 
put  the  boxes  or  pans  on  a  tank  or  bank  bed 
in  a  moist  temperature  of  60°  Fahr.  As  soon 
as  the  seedlings  show,  look  over  with  sharp 
eyes  and  insert  a  seed  wherever  one  has  missed. 
Keep  them  going  at  60°  until  March,  then  raise  the 
heat  to  70°,  and  be  careful  to  maintain  a  rather  high 
degree  of  atmospheric  humidity  while  supplying 
water  to  the  roots  with  regularity  and  freedom.  By 
the  first  week  in  June  you  ought  to  be  in  possession 
of  a  fine  lot  of  growing  plants,  and  it  will  be  time  to 
promote  the  formation  of  the  flowers.  To  do  this 
put  them  under  the  stage,  or  remove  to  a  cool  green- 
house, and  at  the  end  of  the  month  remove  again  to 
a  frame  or  pit.  From  the  time  of  removal  from  the 
growing  stage  they  must  have  less  and  less  water,  but 
they  must  never  be  dry,  for  drought  at  any  time  is 
deadly  to  the  Cyclamen.  The  month  of  July  should 
see  this  chapter  ol  the  cultivation  completed,  and  the 
whole  of  the  stock  may  be  potted  for  flowering — the 
routine  for  securing  the  crowning  delight  being  nearly 
the  same  as  for  producing  the  plants  in  the  first 
instance.  Shirley  Hibberd,  Kew. 


A   REVISION   OF   THE   GENUS 
PHAL/ENOPSIS. 

{Continued  from  p.  213.) 

Section  II.  Proboscidioides.  —  Sepals  and  petals 
as  in  Euphal^nopsis,  lip  without  apical  appendages  ; 
column  with  a  long  proboscis-like  rostellum,  and  sin- 
gularly like  an  elephant's  head  and  trunk — hence  the 
name. 

8.  P.  Lmoii,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Boi.  Zeit.,  1862,  p.  214  ; 
Gard.  Chron.,  1862,  p.  979  ;  Proc.  Roy.  Hort.  Soc,  ii., 
p.  726  ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5351  ;  Warner,  Set.  Orch.,  ser.  2, 
t.  15  ;  Rchb.  f.,  Xen.  Orch.,  ii.,  t.  151  ;  Fl.  des  Server, 
t.  1910. — A  handsome  species,  differing  from  all  others 
by  the  remarkable  rostellum,  which  resembles  an 
elephant's  trunk  in  appearance.  It  is  also  remarkable 
for  its  deciduous  habit.  Sepals  and  petals  rosy-blush  ; 
lip  yellow  at  base  and  purple  in  front.  Native  of 
Borneo  and  Moulmein. 

Section  III.  Esmeralda,  Rchb.  f.  —  Petals  not  or 
scarcely  broader  than  sepals  ;  lip  without  apical  appen- 
dages, but  with  a  pair  o\  slender  linear  appendages  on 
the  stalk  of  the  lip  below  the  lateral  lobes  ;  the  latter 
character  alone  separating  it  from  the  following  section. 
Two  species  from  Burma  and  Cochin  China. 

9.  P.  Esmeralda,  Rchb.  f,,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s., 
ii.,  p.  582  ;  Rev.  Hort.,  1877,  t.  107  ;  Fl.  Mag.,  n.s., 
t.  358.— A  pretty  little  species,  with  flowers  in  elongated 
racemes,  amethyst  coloured,  and  about  the  size  of  P. 
rosea.  Some  varieties  have  pale  coloured  flowers. 
Native  of  Cochin  China. 

ID.  P.  antennifera,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s., 
xi. ,  p.  398,  and  xviii. ,  p.  520.  —A  pretty  species,  somewhat 
resembling  the  preceding.  Spikes  about  2  feet  long. 
Flowers  light  rose-coloured  ;  front  lobe  of  Up  amethyst 
coloured,  side  lobes  striped  with  orange-red.  Native 
of  Burma. 

Section  IV.  Stauroglottis,  Benth.  and  Hook  f.— 
Petals  not  or  scarcely  broader  than  sepals  ;  lip  variously 
shaped,  but  without  the  apical  appendages  of  the  sec- 
tion Euphalaenopsis,  or  the  basal  appendages  of  the 
section  Esmeralda.  The  first  three  species  have  the 
apex  of  the  lip  notched,  but  do  not  otherwise  differ.  It 
is  by  far  the  largest  section  of  the  genus,  the  species 
numbering  twenty-four.  They  are  spread  over  the 
islands  of  the  Indian  Archipelago,  with  two  or  three 
species  in  continental  India, 


11.  P.  amethystina,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  1865, 
p.  410  ;  1870,  p.  1731,  with  fig. — A  curious  Httle  species, 
with  cuneate-oblong  leaves,  and  small  cream-coloured 
flowers,  with  an  amethyst  lip.  This  latter  is  shortly 
notched  at  the  apex.  The  locality  is  given  as  Sondaic 
Islands,  so  is  possibly  Java  or  Sumatra. 

12.  P.  Stobartiaria,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s., 
viii.,  p.  392. — Described  as  "  a  curious  little  plant,  in 
the  way  of  P.  amethystina,  with  very  uncommon  colours." 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  apple-green,  changing  to 
yellowish-green  ;  lip  amethyst  coloured,  changing  to 
cinnabar-red  ;  lateral  lobes  of  lip  marked  with  yellow 
and  white.     Native  country  not  stated. 

13.  P.  Hebe.  Rchb.  f.,  Ha7?tb.  Gartenz.,  1862.  p.  35  ; 
Xen,  Orch.,  ii.,  p.  5,  t.  156  ;  P.  bella,  Teijsm  and  Binn. 
in  Batav.  Nat.  Tijdschr.,  xxiv.  (reprint,  p.  17). — A 
small  flowered  species,  probably  not  now  in  cultivation. 
The  flowers  are  white  with  some  purple  stripes  on  the 
lip,  and  borne  in  short  spikes.  The  front  lobe  of  the  lip 
is  very  short  and  again  divided  into  two  rounded  lobes. 
Native  of  Java. 

14.  P.  rosea.  Lindl.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  1848,  p.  671, 
with  fig.  ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5212  ;  Paxt.  Fl.  Gard.,  ii., 
p.  72  ;  Fl.  des  Serres,  t.  1645.— P.  equestris,  Reich,  f.,  in 
LinncEa,  xxii.,  p.  864. — Stauroglottis  equestris,  Schauer., 
Act.  Leop.,x\:x..,  Suppl.  i.,  p.  432. — A  very  pretty  species, 
the  rose-coloured  flowers  being  borne  in  branched 
panicles.     Native  of  the  Philippines. 

Var.  leucaspis. — P.  equestris  var.  leucaspis,  Rchb.  f., 
in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s..  xv.,  p.  638.— Said  to  be  a  distinct 
variety,  having  a  white  callus  with  brown  dots,  and  no 
brown  on  the  base  of  the  lip.  It  sometimes  has  a  yel- 
lowish hue. 

15.  /-*.  deliciosa,  Rchb,  f.,  in  BonpL,  1854,  p.  93; 
Hamb.  Gartenz.,  i860,  p.  ii6.— Allied  to  P.  rosea,  but 
more  slender  and  with  smaller  flowers.  Native  of  Java, 
and  probably  not  in  cultivation. 

16.  P.  Parishii,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  1865,  p. 
410  ;  Xen.  Orch.,  ii.,  p.  144,  t.  156  ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5815. 
— A  tiny  little  gem,  with  short  flower-spikes  of  white  or 
cream-coloured  flowers  with  a  purple  lip.  This  organ 
bears  a  curious  fringe  on  its  disc,  and  moves  freely  back- 
wards and  forwards  from  its  jointed  attachment.  Native 
of  Burma  and  Moulmein. 

Var.  Lobbi,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Ref.  Bot.,  t.  85.— Differs 
from  the  type  in  the  lip  having  two  broad  chestnut  bands 
alternating  with  three  narrow  white  bands.  Native  of 
the  Eastern  Himalaya. 

17.  P.  pallens,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Walp.  Ann.,  iv.,  p.  932.— 
Trichoglottis  pallens,  Lindl.  in  Journ.  Hort.  Soc,  v., 
p.  34  ;  Paxt.  Fl.  Card.,  i.,  p.  15. — Stauropsis  pallens, 
Rchb.  f.,  in  Hamb.  Gartenz.,  i36o,  p.  117. — A  curious 
little  species  described  from  a  plant  which  flowered  at 
Chatsworth  in  1S50,  but  which  seems  to  have  since  been 
lost  sight  of.  Flowers  nearly  2  inches  in  diameter,  pale 
dehcate  green  with  a  white  Hp  ;  the  latter  organ  oblong 
with  a  white  shaggy  crest. 

18.  P.  Reichenbachiana ,  Rchb.  f.  and  Sander  in  Ga 
Chron.,  n.s.,  xviii.,  p.  586. — Closely  allied  to  P.  pallens. 
The  flowers  are  borne  in  racemes  ;  sepals  and  petals 
whitish-green  with  brown  markings  ;  side  lobes  of  lip 
orange  and  white,  central  lobe  mauve-blue.  Native 
country  not  stated. 

19.  P.  Devriesiana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Hamb.  Gartenz.. 
1S60,  p.  116. — Described  from  a  drawing  made  by  the 
Dutch  botanist  and  collector,  De  Vriese.  The  descrip- 
tion is  very  imperfect,  and  points  to  an  afftnity  with  P. 
comu-cervi,  but  differing  in  the  front  lobe  of  the  hp, 
which  is  said  to  be  narrowly  obhastate.  Native  of  Java, 
but  apparently  only  known  from  the  drawing. 

20.  P.  cornu-cervi,  Bl.  and  Rchb.  f.,  in  Hamb.  Gar- 
tenz.,  i860,  p.  116. — Polychilos  cornu-cer\'i,  Breda, 
Orch.  Jav.,  t.  i.  ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5570.— An  interesting 
plant  on  account  of  its  curiously  flattened  rachis.  The 
flowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  P.  Luddemanniana, 
the  sepals  and  petals  greenish-yellow  with  transverse 
brown  bars,  and  the  lip  creamy-white.  The  central 
lobe  of  the  hp  is  short  and  much  dilated,  the  front 
edge  being  somewhat  crescent-shaped.  Native  of  Java 
and  Sumatra. 

21.  P.  panthcrina,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Bot.  Zeit.,  1864,  p. 
298. — Described  from  a  dried  specimen,  and  probably 
not  yet  in  cultivation.  It  is  allied  to  the  preceding,  but 
differing  somewhat  in  the  shape  of  the  lip,  the  front 
lobe  of  which  is  described  as  retuse  with  an  apiculus. 
The  flowers  are  marked  with  red  spots  on  a  yellow 
ground.     Native  of  Borneo. 

22.  P.  Mannii,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  1871,  p. 
902. — A  pretty  species,  with  branched  racemes  of  several 
flowers  ;  the  sepals  and  petals  are  yellow  with  cinnamon- 
brown  blotches,  the  hp  white  with  purple  markings.  It 
is  allied  to  P.  cornu-cer\'i,  and  was  discovered  by  Gustav 
Mann  in  Assam. 

33.  P.  Boxallii,  Rchb,  f.,  in  Gard.  Chron.,  n.s.,  xix., 
p.  374. — A  pretty  species  closely  alhed  to  the  preceding. 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  sulphur-coloured,  the  former 
baned  and  ^blotched  with  brown,  the  latter  with  three 
longitudinal  stripes  of  the  same  colour  ;  lip  white,  front 
lobe  crescent-shaped  with  blunt  angles  and  a  central 
tubercle,  lateral  lobes  erect,  disc  with  a  short,  bicuspidate 


AOGUST  28,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


277 


yellow  lobe,   with  a  mauve  and  white  keel  in    front, 
Introduced  by  Mr.  Boxall  from  the  Philippines. 

24.  P.  violacea,  Teijsm.  et  Binn.,  in  Batav.  Nat. 
lijdschr.  xxiv.  (reprint,  p.  16)  ;  Fl,  Mag.,  n.s.,  t.  342  ; 
Gard,  Chron.,  n.s.,  xvi.,  p.  145.  fig.  32;  Orck.  Aib., 
t.  182. — Stauritis  violacea,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Hamb.  Garttnz., 
1862,  p.  34, — A  very  handsome  species,  with  erect  spikes 
of  large  violet  flowers,  opening  a  few  at  a  time,  and 
remaining  in  perfection  for  a  considerable  period.  The 
lip  is  thick  and  fleshy,  the  central  lobe  very  deep  purple, 
the  side  lobes  erect,  small,  deep  purple  and  orange 
colour.  Native  of  Sumatra.  The  following  varieties 
have  been  described  :^ 

Var,  Miirtoniaiia,  Rchb.  f..  m  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  x., 
p.  234. — Flowers  lemon-coloured,  with  purplish  bars  at 
the  base  of  the  lateral  sepals  ;  the  base  of  the  column 
and  the  middle  part  of  the  lip  marked  with  the  same 
colour. 

Var.  Schra-deriana,  Rchb,  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron..  n.s., 
xviii.,  p. 680,;  Fl.  iind Pofnol.,iSSo,p.  140. — A  fine  variety, 
said  to  differ  from  the  type  in  its  larger  and  more 
brilliantly  coloured  flowers. 

Var.  Bmvringiana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Chroti.,  n.s., 
xxii.,  p.  262. — A  handsome  variety,  with  pure' light 
yellow  flowers  with  purple  markings  at  the  base  of  the 
sepals  and  petals. 

Var.  bellina,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  xxii., 
,  262. — Much  resembling  the  variety  Bowringiana, 
but  without  the  blotch  at  the  base  of  the  sepals  and 
petals. 

Var.  punctata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s., 
xxii,,  p.  262. — Sepals  and  petals  light  yellow,  white  at 
the  base,  with  a  disc  of  small  purple  spots  on  the  inside 
of  the  lateral  sepals. 

Var.  ckloracea,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard,  Ckron,,  n.s., 
xxii.,  p.  262,^White,  with  purple  disc  on  the  lateral 
sepals  inside  the  inner  margin,  and  green  tips  to  the 
sepals  and  petals. 

25.  P.  Vahntini,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.. 
XX.,  p.  262. — A  very  pretty  species,  much  in  the  way  of 
P.  violacea,  but  with  smaller  flowers  ;  sepals  and  petals 
purple,  or  the  petals  white  at  base,  with  a  few  purple 
bands  ;  hp  mauve,  white  and  yellow,  much  like  the  pre- 
ceding species.     Native  country  not  stated. 

26.  P.  maculata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s  ,  xvi.. 
p.  12^.. — A  beautiful  small-flowered  species,  with  pallid 
sepals  and  petals  with  a  few  purple-brown  blotches. 
Lip  with  a  fleshy  semi-terete  purple  central  lobe,  a  yellow 
callus,  purple  anterior  border,  and  numerous  small  spots. 
Native  of  Borneo. 

27.  P.  Mari(F,  Burbidge,  in  War.  and  Will.,  Orck. 
Alb.,  t.  80.  (See  also  note  under,  t.  87.) — A  handsome 
species,  with  distichous,  drooping,  oblong,  dark  green 
leaves,  and  pendulous  racemes  of  moderate-sized  flowers. 
Sepals  and  petals  white,  transversely  blotched  with 
chocolate-red,  and  a  magenta-purple  spot  or  two  at  the 
base.  Lip  rosy-purple,  with  white  edge,  central  lobe 
flat,  and  without  hairs.  Discovered  in  Borneo  by  Mr. 
Burbidge,  and  named  in  honour  of  that  gentleman's 
wife. 

28.  P.  fuscaia,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  ii., 
p.  6. — A  handsome  species  in  the  way  of  P.  sumatrana, 
but  with  smaller  flowers.  Flowers  fleshy,  light  yellow, 
barred  and  mottled  with  brown  ;  the  front  part  of  the  Hp 
purple,  with  an  orange  crest.  Native  of  the  Malayan 
peninsula. 

29.  P.  faiciata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  xviii., 
p.  134. — Somewhat  resembling  P.  sumatrana  in  the 
shape  of  the  light  yellow  sepals  and  petals,  which  have 
numerous  cinnamon  bars  ;  hp  sulphur  colour,  except  the 
central  lobe,  the  front  part  of  which  is  Ught  purple  and 
tbe  base  orange  ;  without  cushion  of  hairs.  Leaves 
and  roots  like  P.  Luddemanniana.  Native  of  the 
Philippines. 

30.  P.  Luddemanniana,  Rchb,  f. ,  in  Mohl.  and  Schl., 
Bot.  Zeit.,  1865,  p.  146  ;  Fl.  des  Serres,  t.  1636  ;  Bot. 
Mag.,  t.  5523  ;  Pev.  Hort.,  1872,  t.  390. — A  very  hand- 
some species,  with  short  spikes  of  flowers.  Sepals  and 
petals  transversely  barred  with  amethyst-purple  on  a 
light  ground,  the  front  part  of  the  lip  violet,  and  bearing 
a  number  of  erect  hairs.  Native  of  the  Philippines. 
The  following  varieties  have  been  described  ; — 

Var.  pulckra,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s,,  iv,, 
p.  36. — Described  as  having  flowers  of  a  beautiful  port- 
wine  colour,  with  the  lower  parts  of  the  sepals,  petals,  and 
lip  of  a  shining  amethyst-blue. 

Var.  delicata,  Rchb.  f.,in  Gard.  Ckron.,  1865,  p.  434. 
— A  pretty  variety,  with  narrow  stripes  of  cinnamon  on 
a  light  ground,  the  lower  half  of  the  segments  barred 
with  amethyst. 

Var,  ochracca,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  1865, 
p.  434  ;  Rev.  Hort.,  1872,  p.  391,  fig.  a.— A  form  with 
light  ochre-coloured  bars  on  a  pale  yellowish  ground, 

31.  P.  Corningiana,  Rchb,  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s., 
xi.,  p.  6ao.— A  striking  species,  something  in  the  way  of 
P.  sumatrana.  Upper  sepal  with  longitudinal  purple- 
brown  stripes  and  a  few  transverse  bars  at  base  ;  lateral 
sepals  wholly  purple-brown,  with  border  and  a  few  spots 
of  yellowish-white  ;  petals  with  longitudinal  stripes  and 
blotches  ;  centralj  lobe  of  Hp  rich  purple-violet,  with  a 


luft  of  hairs  on  front  middle  line,  and  a  yellow  callus. 
Native  country  not  staled. 

32.  P.  sumatrana,  Korth.  and  Rchb.  f.,  in  Hamb. 
Gartenz.,  i860,  p,  115;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5527;  Fl.  des 
Serres,  t.  1644. — P.  zebrina, Teijsm.  and  Binn.,  in  Batav. 
Nat.  Tijdschr.,  xxiv.  {reprint,  p.  15). — A  very  handsome 
species,  with  short  erect  spikes.  Flowers  light  yellowish- 
white,  with  a  few  transverse  brownish-red  bars  ;  lip 
fleshy,  the  front  lobe  covered  with  numerous  short  hairs. 
Native  of  Sumatra  and  Borneo.  The  following  varieties 
have  been  described  : — 

Var.  s.tnguinea,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  xv., 


Fig.  57.  — i'HAl-€NOPSIS 
Back  of  flower:  sepals,   rose-madder:   petals,   ivory-white. 


Fig    58  -  pH^L-ENOPSib  SPECiosA  :  column, 


Column,  white  ;  labellum,   rosy-purple,  with  two  blotches  of 
yellow  on  the  side  lacinix. 


p.  782. — Dift^ering  in  having  the  lateral  sepals  nearly 
wholly  dark  red  with  very  few  yellowish  green  markings. 

Var.  paucivitiata,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.. 
xvii.,  p.  628, — A  variety  with  a  few  brownish-purple  bars 
on  the  sepals  and  petals,  and  some  mauve  stripes  on  the 
Up. 

Var.  Guerseni. — P.  zebrina  var.  Guerseni,  Teijsm. 
and  Binn.,  I.e.,  p.  x^, — Sepals  and  petals  described  as 
striate  with  violet  below  and  spotted  above. 

Var.  lilacina. — P.  zebrina  var.  lilacina,  Teijsm.  and 
Binn.,  I.e.,  p.  15. — Sepals  and  petals  milk-white,  with 
some  Hlac-coloured  transverse  Unes  and  the  central  lobe 
of  the  lip  lilac  at  the  base. 

33.  P.  tetraspis,  Rchb.  f. ,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  xv. , 
p.  562  ;  Xen.  Orck.,  ii.,  p.  156, — A  singular  species,  the 


flowers  with  the  general  shape  of  P.  sumatrana,  but 
shining  waxy-white  in  colour  without  a  spot.  The  front 
lobe  of  the  lip  bears  a  cushion  of  hairs  at  the  apex. 
Native  of  the  Andaman  islands, 

34.  P.  speciosa  (figs.  56,  57,  and  58),  Rchb.  f.,  in 
Gard.  Ckron.,  n.s.,  xv.,  p.  562;  also  xviii.,  p.  745, 
fig.  130-2;  Warn,  and  Will.,  Orck.  Alb.,  t.  158.— 
A  handsome  species,  closely  allied  to  P.  tetraspis. 
.Sepals  and  petals  white,  more  or  less  blotched  and 
striped  with  rose-madder.  Front  lobe  of  lip  club- 
shaped,  and  papillose  at  apex,  the  side  lobes  small, 
erect,  and  with  two  yellow  spots.  Native  of  the 
Andaman  Islands.  The  two  following  varieties  have 
been  described. 

Var.  Ckristiana,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron,,  xviii., 
p.  745,  fig.  131. — Sepals  and  petals  broader  than  type, 
the  former  rose-madder,  the  latter  white. 

Var.  Imptratrix,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Gard.  Ckron.,  xviii,,  p. 
745. — A  larger  form  with  rose-purple  flowers. 

There  seem  some  doubts  as  to  whether  there  may  not 
be  a  species  of  Phalaenopsis  in  New  Guinea.  In  Wing's 
Soutkern  Science  Record,  vol.  iii.,  p.  347,  I  find  the 
following  note  by  Biron  Ferdinand  von  Miiller : — "  Con- 
cerning Papuan  Orchids  it  may  further  be  remarked  that 
Dendrobium  Johnsonian  should,  perhaps  be  referred  to 
Phalcenopsis,  although  the  gibbous  protuberance  of  the 
flowers  is  more  developed  than  in  the  typical  species  of 
that  genus,  the  labellum  of  other  congeners  being  also  not 
cirrhiferous  ;  polhnia  were  not  available  for  examination." 
Dendrobium  Johnsonian  was  discovered  on  the  eastern 
peninsula  of  New  Guinea  by  the  Rev.  James  Chalmers, 
and  was  described  by  F,  von  Miiller,  in  Wing's  Soutkern 
Science  Record,  in  May,  1882.  The  leaves  are  not 
known,  as  only  a  raceme  of  ten  to  twelve  flowers  was 
sent.  These  latter  are  described  as  large  and  pure 
white,  except  a  rosy  tinge  over  the  labellum  ;  the  elongate- 
rhomboid  sepals  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  lanceolate 
sepals,  the  lip  longer  than  the  sepah,  but  shorter  than 
the  petals  ;  the  lateral  lobes  semi-orbicular,  and  half  to 
one-third  the  length  of  the  ovate  central  lobe.  The 
discovery  of  a  Phalsenopsis  in  New  Guinea  need  not 
create  much  surprise,  as  several  other  genera  with  a 
similar  distribution  are  already  known  from  there,  but 
the  point  must  remain  unsettled  until  more  perfect  speci- 
mens are  forthcoming.  [Since  the  above  was  written, 
but  after  it  had  passed  out  of  my  hands,  I  have  seen 
authentic  specimens  of  D.  Johnsonias,  and  can  affirm  it 
to  be  a  genuine  Dendrobium.  Three  flowers  and  a  leaf 
were  sent  by  Baron  F.  Miiller,  of  Melbourne,  to  Kew, 
from  which  I  conjecture  that  he  has  obtained  additional 
specimens  from  New  Guinea.  The  flowers  are  very 
fine.] 

Excluded  Species, 
P.  Wiikiii,  Rchb.  f.,  in  Mohl.  and  Schl.,  Bot,  Zeit., 
1862,  p.  214,  is  now  referred  to  Doriiis. 


Spea'es  kept  up  in  ordinary  type,   synonyms  in   italics.     The 
numbers  refer  io  tlie  numbers  0/  tJte  foregoing  i 


amabilis,  Blutne,  i 

Luddemanntaa 

amabilis,  Lindl.,  2 

maculata,  26 

ambisita,  2 
ametbystini,  11 

Mannii,  22 
Maria;,  27 

SDtenoifera,  10 

pallens,  17 

Aphrodite,  2 

panlherina,  21 

betla,  13 

Parishii,  16 

Boxallii,  23 

Portei,  6 

casta,  2 

Reichenbachia 

Corningiana,  31 

rosea,  14 

Ruckeri,  i 

delicata,  5 

Sanderiana,  2 

deliciosa.  15 

Schilleriana,  4 

Devriesiana,  rg 

speciosa,  34 

ejuestris,  14 
Esmeralda,  g 

Stobartiana.  12 

Stuartiana.  3 

fasciaU,  2q 

sumatrana.  32 

fuscata,  28 

tetraspis,  33 

^andiflora,  i 

Valentini,  25 

Hebe.  13. 

Veitchiana,  7 

violacea.  34 

leucorrhoda,  2 

zebrina.  32 

R>  A.  Rolfe,  Herbarium,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 


What  to  do  with  our  Surplus  Gardeners. — 
We  cull  the  following,  in  relation  to  this  matter, 
from  the  last  number  of  Garden  ]Vork  : — "I  think 
it  has  been  advocated  that  every  school  should  have 
its  plot  of  ground,  which  should  be  cultivated  by  the 
scholars — indeed,  form  part  of  their  daily  course  of 
instruction.  Perhaps  it  seems  hardly  fair  to  saddle 
the  masters  with  such  duties  ;  but  we  have  an  army 
of  gardeners  —  the  advertisements  in  the  gardening 
press  plainly  indicate  that  the  supply  is  greater  than 
tbe  demand.  Could  not  the  services  of  some  of  the 
more  suitable  amongst  them  be  called  into  requisition 
as  teachers  of  gardening  in  our  schools  ?  At  any  rate, 
it  would  afford  them  part  employment.  What  benefit, 
too,  would  result  to  their  pupils  from  a  more  intimate 
knowledge  and  practice  of  the  science  of  horticulture  I " 


278 


j40MJE     f  OFJFJEgPONDENCE. 

Wild  Fruits.  —  The  Crowberry  (Empelrum 
nigrum),  Cranberry  (Vaccinium  oxvcoccos),  and 
Blackberry  (V.  myrtillus)  are  unusually  plentiful  this 
season,  more  so,  indeed,  those  I  have  noticed  for 
several  years  past.  The  Blackberry  is  collected  by 
women  and  childied  on  the  mountain  sides  and  sold 
in  the  neighbouring  towns  and  vilhges  for  sometimes 
as  low  a  price  as  4,/.  per  quail.  They  make  delicious 
tarts  and  jam,  which  for  flavour  are  almost  unsur- 
passed. To  see  the  Cranberry  just  now  studding  with 
its  numerous  pink  berries  the  drier  knolls  of  some 
marshy  ground,  is  extremely  pretty,  but  to  partake  of 
the  deliciously  cooling  fruit'is  reviving  and  invigorat- 
ing in  a  marked  degree.  For  the  fruit  of  the  Crow- 
berry  we  have  not  such  a  relish,  indeed  after  wet 
weather  it  is  somewhat  insipid.  A.  D.  IVcbslcr. 

Judging  Foliage  Plants  at  Shows.— I  was 
judging  at  a  local  flower  show  this  week,  and  my  co- 
judge  and  myself  were  puzzled  at  the  wcrds  "best 
ornamental  foliage  plant."  Can  you  or  any  of  your 
readers  explain  it?  Does  "  best  ornamental  "  mean 
—  I,  the  rarest  and  most  valuable  ;  or,  2,  the  best 
cultivated?  or,  3,  the  most  ornamental?  My  co- 
judge  was  rather  inclined  to  i  ;  I  was  rather  more 
inclined  to  2,  or  a  combination  of  2  and  3.  The 
secretary  could  only  help  us  by  saying  that  it  was  the 
usual  form  m  all  such  schedules.  //.  N.  Ellacomhe, 
Bitlon  Vicamse.  [The  meaning  of  the  framers  of  the 
schedule  prob.ably  was  that  the  prizes  should  be 
awarded  to  the  best  grown  and  most  ornamental 
specimens,  2  x  3.  "  Rare  "  plants  have  usually  a 
class  apart.  Ed.] 

Ardisia  japonica  (p.  232).— You  say  of  this 
pretty  shrub,  "  It  has  the  appearance  of  being  nearly, 
if  not  quite,  hardy."  I  suppose  it  to  be  quite  hardy. 
I  have  had  it  here  for  a  dozen  years  or  more  ;  but  it 
only  lives,  it  does  not  grow  at  all.  It  was  3  inches 
high  when  it  was  planted,  and  it  is  the  same  now. 
Is  there  anything  to  make  it  grow?  Mine  is  the 
variegated  one  [Probably  the  "  rub  "  is  there,  Ed  1 
N.  A'.  EllacomU,  Billon  Vtcaia^i^e. 

Figs  from  Seed.  —  In  the  summer  of  1SS3  I 
found  five  seedling  Figs  growing  in  an  Onion  bed, 
but  whether  they  were  the  produce  of  homegrown 
cr  foreign  Figs  I  cannot  say.  However,  I  am  quite 
certain  that  they  were  seedlings,  and  Ihey  were  put  in 
pots,  and  are  now  about  2^  feet  in  height.  Before 
the  Onions  were  sown  the  ground  was  manured  with 
the  clearings  of  earth-closets.  Charles  Koss,  Welford 
farli,  Ahwhury. 

I  observe  in  your  paper  of  last  week  a  query 

about  Fig  trees  grown  from  teed.  I  have  in  my 
garden  a  seedling  Fig  tree  about  three  years  old. 
There  is  only  one  old  tree  in  the  parish,  and  it  is 
haK-a-mile  from  me.  Surely  in  my  case  the  seedling 
must  have  sprung  from  a  foreign  Fig  thrown  away  in 
the  rubbish-heap.  William  Lan-ley,  Narhorouoh 
Reclory,  LeicesUr. 

I    '^''d   just  now   your   note  about   seedling 
rigs,    and    it    interested    me    a    good    deal.       The 
following    occurrence     bears    strongly     on    the    re- 
marks of  "A.   P.  :"-In  the  early  spring,  when  my 
gardener  was  weeding  one  of  the  borders,  he  called 
out  to  me,  "  Do  you  know  what  this  is  ?  "     I  did  not 
pay  very  much  attention   to   him,  and  after  a  hasty 
glance  I  said   "No."     He  immediately  added,   "  It 
IS  a  young  Fig."     I  then  looked  very  carefully  indeed 
at  the   object  before  me,  and  am  as  certain  as  I  can 
be  about  anything  of  that  sort,  that  it  was  a  seedling 
j't  u  ''■"^"•b^f  »t  'he  'ime  inspecting  it  closely, 
and  I  have  no  manner  of  doubt  upon  my  mind  about 
the  matter.     I  should  say  that  a  very  large  Fi»  tree  is 
in    my  garden   situated  about  30  feet  Irom  the  spot 
where   this   seedling    was   found,    but    it   is  in  such 
fashion  that  no  runner  can  possibly  have  come  from 
n  to  the  spot.     The  conclusion  which  my  gardener 
and  I    came  to  was   that  the   seed  must   have  been 
dropped   by   birds.     It    puzzled    me  a   great  deal  at 
the   time,  and   though    I   quite  understand  the  force 
of  your  scientific   objection,  I  hope  you  will  pardon 
me  [Oh  dear !  yes  ;   if  pardon  be  necessary,  which, 
however,  we  do  not  admit  for  a  moment  '  Ed  ]  if  I  say 
that    there    are    sometimes    more    things    than    are 
dreamt  of  in  our  philosophy,    and    I   verily  believe 
inis   IS   one  of   them.     It   is   only  a    matter   of    the 
ereatest  regret   to  me  to  have  to  add  that  the  young 
fig  tree  has  disappeared  from  the  scene.     I  went  to 
look  for  It  immediately  after  reading  your  note,  but 
Its  place  knows  it  no  more.     Since  Writing  the  above 
I  have  seen  my  gardener,  and  he  tells  me  there  were 
wo  seedling    Fig   trees   about  9   inches   high.     He 
Uiought  they  were   m  the  wrong   place,   and  so  he 
pulled  them   up,  and   threw  them  away,  when  I  was 
away   rom  honie.     He  is-as   I  am-quile  sure  as  to 
what  these  seed  mgs  were.   H.  E.     [We  do  not  ques- 
ion  the  possibility  of  the  occurrence,  we  merely  say 
that  no  sttisfactory  evidence  has  yet   been  brought 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


forward.  It  may  well  be  that  the  seedling  Figs 
alluded  to  by  our  correspondent  were  derived  from 
imported  Figs.  It  is  not  long  since  we  heard  of  a 
number  of  Cunant  (Irapes  growing  in  the  Kssex 
marshes,  near  a  sewage  farm  or  some  similar  locality. 
Other  communicutlons  on  the  same  subject  have 
been  received,  some  of  which  will  be  published  later 
on.   Ed.] 


Orchid  Nomenclature.— I  have  been  unable  to 
reply  to  Mr.  O'Brien's  letter  on  pages  79S-9,  of  June 
19,  pending  my  return  home,  as  while  away  1  had 
insufficient  notes  t)  refer  to.  I  am  glad  that  Vanda 
ccerulescens  vesta  is  not  the  same  as  V.  c.  Boxalii. 
I  reiterate  that  Cattleya  Percivaliana  alba  had  anoihe 
name  attached  to  it,  for,  in  correspondence  on  this 
plant  (before  I  wrote  my  letter  which  appeared  in 
p.  767,  of  the  [une  12  issue),  I  heard  that  the  flowers 
were  sent  by  my  informant  to  Professor  Reichen- 
bach,  who  named  the  plant  C.  crocata.  The  late 
Mr.  Percival  only  bloomed  one  plant  of  this  C. 
Percivaliana  alba  (?),  therefore  it  is  obvious  that  this 
individual  plant  did  get  two  names,  or  rather  its 
blooms,  for  neither  the  Professor  nor  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Floral  Committee  saw  the  plant 
before  them,  for,  on  referring  to  the  Gar.iciuys' 
Chronicle  of  February  16,  18S4,  p.  219,  I  see  it  says, 
"a  cut  bloom."  I  do  not  for  a  moment  dispute  the 
information  Mr.  i:)'BMen  gives  in  his  letter  on  C. 
crocata,  but  it  is  perfectly  clear  to  me  that  some  one 
can  know  nothing  about  it  (or,  not  know  enouoh  at 
any  ra'e),  but.  whether  it  is  Professor  Reicheoba'ch, 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Committee,  Mr. 
O'Brien,  or  myself,  I  leave  your  readers  to  judge.  De 
B,  Craioshay,  Auj^uil  19. 

A  Prolific  Potato,— I  planted  i  lb.  of  the  (^jeen 
of  the  Valley  Potato  00  May  10,  and  to  my  surprise, 
when  I  dug  them  on  August  11,  the  produce  was 
62  lb.;  they  were  all  sound  and  good,  and  nearly  all 
of  large  size.  J.  IT.  Mills,  Mintenn:  [It  has  been 
much  exceeded,  notably  in  the  gardens  of  Provost 
K,  C,  Cambridge,  September,  1869,  when  Mr. 
Casile,  the  gardener,  lifted  142  lb.  of  Early  Rose 
from  I  lb.  of  sets.   Ed.] 

Novel  Method  of   Healing   Barked  Stem  of 
Holly  Tree.— On  the  south  side  entrance  to  a  large 
and  well  managed  nursery  in  the   North   of  Scotland 
are  two  large  and  well   balanced  trees  of  variegated 
Holly,    which    form  an   object  and  attraction  to  all 
passers  by.      In   the  severe  winter  of  1S79  — 18S0  a 
large  patch  of  bark  was  removed  from   the   stem  of 
one  of  them,  moa  probably  wiih  the  object  of  being 
converted    into  bird-lime.     The  large. wound  would 
undoubtedly  in  time  have  caused  a  considerable  inter- 
ruption to  I  he  uniformity  of  growth,  and  have  spoiled 
the  grand  feature  of  the  pair.     The  annoyance  caused 
the    owner   some   unhappy   thoughts,    but    with    his 
prompt  conception  and  usual  characteristic  energy  he 
was  soon  on  the  track  of  a  remedy  which  has  proved 
to  be  so  etlectuai  as  to  be  now  scarcely  observed,  and 
which  has  kept  the  tree  in  uniform  good  health,  not- 
withstanding   its  maltieatment   six  years  ago.      The 
remedy  here  spoken  of  was  simply  cutting  "the  edges 
of  the  wound  clean  out  and  rounding  the   corners 
and  then  by  taking  off  a  similar  patch  of  bark  from 
another   tree  of   less  value   and   applying   it  to    the 
injured  part,  which  was  afterwards  tightly  strapped 
over,   and  covered   with  a  good   plaster  of  prepared 
clay,    adhesion    was   soon   elTected.     The  plan  is  as 
simple  as  it  is  novel,  and  is  worthy  of  being  made 
generally  known.  J.  Webster,  GorJon  Castle  Gardens. 
[Perhaps  the  gentleman  knew  something  of  surgery, 
and  had  heard  of  the  cure  of  ulcers  by  skin-era'iinL'' 
Ed.]  j  6         fe- 

Peach  and  Nectarine  on  the  Same  Shoot,— I 
hereby  send  you  a  bit  of  branch  from  a  Harrington 
1  each,  bearing  a  fully  developed  fruit,  and  touching 
it,  on  the  same  branch,  a  fully  developed  Nectarine, 
I  presume  this  is  not  a  very  usual  occurrence,  and 
therefore  send  it  in  order  to  ascertain  your  opinion  on 
the  matter.  I  may  state  that  in  the  same  house  is  a 
tree  of  Victoria,  and  also  a  tree  of  Albert  Victor 
Nectarine.  John  Garret.  [Such  cases  occur  occasion- 
ally, and  show  that  the  Nectarine  was  originally  a 
sport  from  the  Peach.  We  have  figured  examples  of 
this  in  a  former  volume,  and  Darwin  has  collected 
numerous  records  of  such  cases.   Ed.] 

Peas  :  a  Plea  for  the  Older  Varieties.-I 
think  when  some  of  the  newer  kinds,  such  as 
lelephone.  Telegraph,  and  Gladiator,  are  found  to 
be  utterly  useless  in  such  a  season  as  the  present  one 
as  I  have  found  them,  as  well  as  others  of  your 
corespondents,  and  when  older  but  well  tried  varieties, 
siich  as  Criterion,  Huntingdonian,  Champion  of 
i-ngland,  British  Qjecn,  Supreme,  Ne  Plus  Ultra 
and  Emperor  of  the  Marrows,  still  maintain  their 
position  for  their  good  qualities,  I  think  they  deserve 
a  little  passing  notice,  as  this  has  been  a  very  trying 
season  for  Peas,  and  I  never  saw  these  doing  better 
than   at   the  present    time,   or  Ireer  from    mildew. 


And  where  Peas  are  in  demand  every  day  throughout 
the  season,  it  would  be  a  serious  matter  for  the 
gardener  were  these  newer  kinds  entirely  depended 
upon  for  the  supply,  and  not  supplemented  by 
the  older  varieties  that  I  have  named.  The  newer 
varieties,  I  grant,  make  a  better  appearance  on  the 
exhibition  table,  but  few  judges  will  pass  over  a  dish 
of  Ne  Plus  Ultra  lor  them  for  flavour.  I  always 
make  a  sowing  of  the  new  varieties,  and  one  of  the 
old  at  the  same  time,  for,  no  matter  how  bad  the 
season  may  be,  the  old  kinds  named  may  be  depended 
on  to  produce  pods  in  plenty.  I  generally  gather 
Ne  Plus  Ultra  and  Emperor  of  the  Marrows  up  to  the 
end  of  October,  in  fact  until  Ihey  are  cut  off  by  frost 
Edward  Ward,  ffe-tiell  Gardens,  Broms^rove. 

Pea  Prodigy.  —  I  no  ice  in  the  Gaideners' 
Chronitk  of  August  7  an  account  of  this  Pea.  Now 
I  have  grown  it  this  year  by  the  side  of  both  Tele- 
graph and  Telephone ;  it  is  a  good  Pea,  a  heavy 
cropper,  and  some  of  the  pods  are  very  fine,  but 
there  are  many  pods  of  smaller  dimensions  than  is  to 
be  found  on  either  Telegraph  or  Telephone.  The 
Peas  are  large  and  long-shaped,  but  lack  the  fine 
sweet  flavour  of  Telephone,  and  the  uniforraitj'  of 
bearing  of  that  sort.  Moreover,  with  me  it  was 
fully  a  week  in  coming  into  flower  and  podding  up. 
I  think  Mr.  Keetly  cannot  have  had  his  Telephone 
from  Messrs.  Carter,  as  I  did.  I  have  tried  all  the 
new  Peas  of  this  year,  and,  having  tested  them  all,  can 
find  nothing  to  equal  Telephone  as  a  second  early. 
F.  Wood,  Oak  Lawn,  Foresl  Hill. 

Telephone  and  other  Peas.  —  I  am  sorry  to 
see  from  Mr.  Rust's  note  (p.  2(5,  also  p.  244, 
' '  W.  H.  D. ")  the  bad  account  given  of  the  above  Pea. 
With  us  it  has  been  very  fine— large  pods,  very  full— 
and  it  has  kept  the  table  supplied  for  a  longer  period 
than  some  of  the  older  varieties.  We  give  it  plenty 
of  room,  and  sow  it  to  succeed  Veitch's  Perfection, 
of  which  we  grow  a  large  quantity.  They  were  veiy 
good  this  season,— very  heavy  crops,  well  filled,  as  is 
generally  the  case  with  this  splendid  main  crop  Pea. 
Sturdy,  which  is  just  coming  into  bearing,  is  a  great 
favourite,  and  never  fails  with  us.  It  also  has  the 
good  point  of  taking  up  but  little  room,  and  is  very 
useful  if  sown  at  two  or  three  different  times  ;  it  al-o 
stands  drought  well.    Geo.  Wythes,  TeddesUy  Park. 

Grape     and     Peach    Growing    at     Manresa 
House,  Roehampton.— Peaches  here,  bath  in  the 
houses  devoted  to  this  fruit  and  on  the  open  walls, 
are  again  this  year  a  wondtr'ul  ciop.      Eiily  forcing, 
such  as  practised  when  the   matchless  tree  of  Grossa 
Mignonne  at  one  time  in   existence  ai  this  place  was 
in   bearing,   is  not  now  carried  ou'.      la  the  earliest 
house  the  fruit  was  ripe  at  the   latter  end   of  June  ; 
there  was  a  good  even  crop.     The  second  house,  a 
long  lean-to,  of  considerable  height  and   width,  con- 
tains six  large  trees,  which  were   bearing  a  crop  just 
approaching  the  ripening  stage,  and  which  for  quan- 
tity and  weight  was  such  as   rarely  met  with.     One 
tree,   a  Red  Magdalen,  covering  4S0   feet  of  trelli=, 
carried  seventy-two  dozen  fruit.     The  next  tree,  Stir- 
ling Castle,   is   only   a   little   smaller   than   the  last- 
named,    and    was    bearing   an    equally   heavy   crop. 
The   others,    which    include  a    Royal  George   Pe.ach 
and     an     Elruge     Nectarine,     were    alike     bearing 
heavily.     The  condition  of  the  trees,  combined  with 
the   appearance    of   the    fruit,    give    promise    o(  its 
attaining    a     size     little     if    any    below     what     is 
usually  seen   where  the  crop  ii  much  lighter.     The 
third  is  a  hip-roofed  house,  156  feet  long  and  13  feet 
high,  with  an  east  aspect.     Here  the  trees  occupy  the 
wall,  and  are  carrying  a  crop  like  in  quantity  to  those 
already   mentioned.       In    front   a    Black    Hamburgh 
Vine,  consisting  of  four  rods  trained  horizontally  along 
the  lower  part  of  the  glass,  so  as  not  to  come  more 
than  5  feet  up  the  roof,   is   stretching  out  at  a  rate 
that  will  shortly  enable  it  to  reach  the  opposite  end 
ot  the   house;    it    was  carrying   a    lot  of  handsome 
bunches  that  will  come  in  late.     Out-of-doors  there 
are  three  walls  each  210  feet  long,  the  south  side  of 
which  is  covered  with  Peaches  and  Nectarines  ;  the 
trees  collectively  are  loaded  to  an  extent  which  nothing 
short   of  the   liberal    feeding   they   receive,   and  the 
copious  supply  of  water  applied  to  the  roots  and  over- 
head could  enable  them  to  bring  up  to  the  requisite 
size.     But   Mr.  Davis  has  given  ample  proof  of  what 
can   be  done  in  Peach  growing,  and  is  not  likely  to 
make   mistakes   in    this   direction.      Pipes   are    laid 
down    in    front    of    the    borders    to    which    a    hose 
can  be  attached  at  intervals,  and  in  this  way  the  trees 
gel  the  large  quantity  of  water  they  require,  which 
may  be  said   to  rarely  occur  with  outdoor  Peaches  in 
dry  summers,  and  through  this  they  are  not  able  to 
mature  anything  like  the  weight  of  fruit  they  other- 
wise would.     Another  wall,  over  420  feet  long,  run- 
ning north  and  south,  is  planted  on  bjih  the  east  and 
west  sides  with   Peaches  and   Neciarines.     The  trees 
on   the  east  side  are  this  year  bearing   well,  as  they 
usually  do  ;  on   the  west  side  they  do  not  succeed  so 
well,    some    large  standard   Pears  and  Apples  at   a 
short  distance  interfering  with  them.     Returning  to 


August  28,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


279 


the  indoor  depaitment,  tl  e  big  B!ack  Hamburgh  Vine 
which  fills  the  224  feet  house  has  been  eased  some- 
what this  season,  Mr.  Davis  having  reason  to  suppose 
that  the  immense  weight  of  fruit  it  has  been  let  to 
carry  was  telling  upon  it,  for  though  the  crop  has 
each  season  finished  up  as  black  as  possible,  still  the 
last  summei's  wood  was  weaker  than  before.  Last 
year  it  bore  807  bunches,  which  weighed  1025  lb.  The 
present  crop  has  been  reduced  to  something  over  600 
bunches.  In  the  adjoining  house,  70  feet  in  length, 
the  established  Vines  {Black  Hamburgh),  which  have 
all  along  borne  well,  are  being  gradually  removed  to 
make  way  fjr  a  single  Vine  of  the  same  vaiiety, 
which,  like  the  big  one  already  noticed,  is  being 
trained  horizontally  from  one  end,  and  which  will 
soon  fill  the  whole.  This  Vine  is  carrying  a  heavy 
crop  of  large  bunches  ;  the  size  and  substance  of  the 
leaves  tell  the  vigorous  state  it  is  in.  A  leaf  that  I 
measured  was  19.^  inches  across.  Two  houses,  each 
some  70  feet  long  by  12  feet  wide,  are  filled  with 
Melons.  Only  one  sort — a  scarlet-fleshed  variety — 
is  grown.  The  plants  in  various  stages  were  bearing 
heavily.  In  1SS3,  700  Melons  were  grown  in  these 
two  houses.  In  addition  to  the  walls  occupied  by 
Peaches,  already  mentioned,  there  is  a  large  extent 
on  which  Cherries,  Pear?,  and  Plums  are  grown  ; 
these  run  about  II  feet  in  height.  The  trees  are 
comparatively  young,  and  in  a  heahhy,  thriving 
stale.  A  few  years  since  they  had  reached  the  top  of 
the  walls,  and  to  give  them  more  room  to  extend. 
Mr.  Davis  had  iron  uprights  from  5  to  6  feet  high 
fixed  to  the  top  of  the  walls,  and  on  these  stout  wires 
were  stretched.  The  trees  have  covered  the  addi- 
tional space,  and  bear  quite  as  well  on  the  upper 
part,  where  necessarily  they  have  not  the  protection 
which  the  walls  give  to  the  lower  portion.  T.  /?. 

Amateur  Bulb  Dealers.  —  Gardeners  are  very 
ollen  placed  in  positions  of  temptation,  for  solicitations 
are  made  to  them  for  garden  products  from  all  kinds 
of  persons  and  traders,  legitimate  and  illegitimate. 
In  too  many  instances  temptations  of  this  sort  are 
intensified  because  salaries  are  too  low,  and  gardeners 
are  almost  compelled  to  accept  extraneous  aid  of 
some  kind.  Thus  it  presents  to  many  men  S3  p!a  ced 
strong  inducements  to  look  out  for  themselves  wJaen 
they  receive  from  amateur  bulb-dealers,  and  possibly 
also  from  traders  of  unscrupulous  tendencies,  invita- 
tions to  trade,  and  who  privately  but  boldly  offer  to 
gardeners  discount  on  their  orders  at  the  rate  of  10 
per  cent.,  or  2s.  in  the  pound.  Of  offers  of  this  kind 
one  has  come  to  ray  notice — a  duplicate  probably  of 
many  similar  ones  received  by  gardeners  all  over  the 
kingdom  during  the  past  few  days.  The  dealer  hails 
from  a  well-known  midland  town,  and  seems  tj  com- 
bine dealing  in  bulbs  and  in  jewellery.  What  assc ela- 
tion there  is  between  bulbs  and  watches  that  the 
same  person  should  embaik  in  irade  in  both  is  not 
evident,  and  so  far  there  seems  little  to  connect  them  ; 
when,  however,  this  same  trader  intimates  that  he  is 
in  receipt  of  several  tons  weight  of  bulbs,  it  would  seem 
as  if  jewellery  could  not  occupy  any  considerable  part 
of  his  business  premises.  The  trader  does  not  make  it 
clear  in  his  circular  whether  he  departs  from  his 
legitimate  vocation  and  enters  into  the  business  of 
bulb  dealing  from  motives  of  public  interest  or  private 
gain.  He  may  have  felt  that  the  public  have  long 
enough  groaned  under  the  iron  heels  of  hoine  bulb 
dealers,  and  that  it  was  his  duty  to  alTord  them  relief 
from  bondage.  It  may  be  that  jewellery  as  an  artic'e 
of  trade  is  just  now  under  a  cloud,  and  that  bulbs 
offered  a  more  hopeful  field  for  trading.  Cer- 
tainly the  Dutch  growers  themselves  have  long  since 
pretty  well  cut  the  home  retail  trade  to  pieces,  so 
that  the  presumed  bondage  does  not  exist,  and  the 
public  have  ample  opportunities  to  purchase  where 
and  how  they  please.  But  comparison  of  his  prices 
with  those  of  some  good  Dutch  lists  as  oftered  so 
freely  to  home  purchasers  shows  that  our  amateur 
trader  has  protected  himself  by  some  20  per  cent. 
increase,  so  that  he  can  well  afford  to  give  to  any 
gardener  favouring  him  with  a  good  order  the  10  per 
cent,  discount,  and  put  at  the  same  time  a  good 
profit  into  his  own  pocket.  As  to  secure  this  same 
tempting  10  per  cent,  the  gardener  must  cause  his 
employer  to  pay  20  per  cent,  higher  prices  than  he 
would  be  called  upon  to  pay  from  recognised  dealers, 
the  story  needs  no  moral.  D. 

Nomenclature  of  Garden  Plants.— Referring 
tl  your  remarks  undtr  the  heading  of  Nomenclature, 
Ganloiers^  Chronieic,  Aug.  I4,  will  you  permit 
me  to  thoroughly  endorse  all  you  there  state.  The 
subject  is  one  which  is  continually  cropping  up 
and  demands  that  some  notice  shall  be  taken  of  it. 
As  a  seedsman  (both  wholesale  and  retail)  I  am  con- 
stantly having  my  attention  called  to  numbers  of 
articles  which  one  cannot  fail  to  recognise,  and 
which  are  being  sent  out  by  others  under  some 
new  name,  or,  more  often  still,  with  their  own  name 
attached,  which  is,  and  will  continue  to  be  extremely 
misleading  to  the  public.  Surely  with  the  careful 
trials  made  at  Chiswick  and  the  attention  which  has 
been  devoted  so  largely  of  late  to  the  subject  of  no- 


menclature it  should  not  be  necessary  to  resort  to  any 
other  methods,  even  for  the  sake  of  a  possible  in- 
crease of  trade.  And  when  one  remembers  the  great 
pains  which  are  being  taken  to  classify  all  the  known 
varieties,  I  think  the  least  we  can  do,  as  a  matter  ol 
principle,  is  to  abide  by  the  decision  of  such  eminently 
practical  men  as  those  who  preside  over  the  trial 
grounds  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  I  would 
venture  to  suggest,  as  a  partial  remedy  for  the  existing 
state  of  things,  that  at  all  our  shows  the  judges  (with 
whom  lies  the  responsibility  of  giving  awards),  be 
empowered  to  withold  a  prize  from  a  variety  which 
may  be  shown  under  a  false  name.  I  think  this 
would  tend  in  a  measure  to  correct  the  existing  evil 
and  help  to  bring  about  a  belter  state  of  things.  £. 
iVilson  Scr/c-U. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL:    August    24. 

The  conservatory  at  the  Society's  Gardens,  South 
Kensington,  was  on  this  occasion  full  to  overflowing 
vi  vegetables  and  flowers,  and  "  drew  "  unmistakably 
by  reason  of  the  major  portion  of  the  exhibits  being 
furnished  by  the  artizan  and  the  cottager.  But  few 
really  inferior  productions  were  observed  in  the 
divisions  contributed  by  these  new  workers.  The 
permanent  exhibition  of  hardy  flowers  belonging  to 
Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  the  Lilies  from  the  New  Bulb 
Company,  Colchester,  the  display  of  Roses  by 
Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Sons,  and  Messrs.  G.  Paul  & 
Sons'  hardy  flowers  and  picture  tree  foliage,  gave 
additional  interest  to  the  meeting. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present  :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  W.  Bealby,  T.  Baines,  H.  Herbst,  A  Perry, 
H,  Bennett,  C.  Noble,  A.  F.  Lendy,  G.  Duffi-ld.  J. 
Dominy.  II.  P.  Pollelt,  f.  O'Brien,  E.  Hill,  H.  Tur- 
ner,  M.  T.  Masters,  and'j.  Walker. 

The  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company  exhibited  a  variety 
of  Catlleya  superba  from  Colombia ;  the  sepals  and  petals 
are  narrow,  of  a  shade  of  rosy-purple,  the  lip  being  dark 
purple,  and  of  a  velvety  appearance  ;  the  pseudobulbs 
corrugated,  and  about  6  inches  in  length  ;  Impatiens 
]erdoniii2  and  I.  concolor,  the  latter  rose-pink  and  yel- 
low ;  habit  very  dwarf. 

G.  Hardy,  Esq.,  Timperley,  Cheshire,  showed  Cattleya 
gigas,  Hardy's  var.,  a  vaiiety  possessing  a  great  lip  of 
the  richest  purple  tint. 

H.  J.  Buchan,  Esq  ,  Wilton  House,  Southampton, 
showed  the  starry-flowered  Maxillaria  seligera. 

Mr.  Eckford,  gr. ,  Boreatton  Park,  Shrewsbury,  con- 
tributed many  varieties  of  .Sweet  Peas  and  Pansies,  lire 
latter  varied,  but  devoid  of  merit. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nursery, 
Chelsea,  exhibited  a  quantity  of  blooms  of  hardy  hybrid 
Gladioli,  ihe  finest  being  Voltaire,  of  a  deep  cerise  with 
spotiings  of  yellow  on  the  three  lower  segments  :  Sanderi, 
bright  scarlet,  spotted  after  the  manner  of  a  Tyd:Ea, 
but  the  flower  wanting  substance  ;  Sceptre  d'Or,  a  prim- 
rose colour,  with  brown  crimson  spots  on  the  throat  ; 
La  France,  light  rose  and  dark  crimson. 

Mr.  R.  Dean,  Ranelagh  Road,  Ealing,  showed  a  very 
large  strain  of  African  Marigold,  4  inches  in  diameter, 
named  Dean's  Mammoth  ;  and  Chrysanthemum 
hybriduiTi  "  Sunbeam, "x  C.  coronarium  and  C.  segetum  ; 
it  has  yellow  rays  and  orange  disc.  It  forms  no  seeds. 
Some  GailUrdia  Lorenziana  and  Dianthus  laciniatua 
flowers  came  from  the  same  exhibitor. 

Mr.  W.  Noble,  Bagshot,  showed  a  spray  of  Clematis 
Jackmanni,  exhibiting  white  and  the  normal  purple 
flowers  growing  on  it. 

Mr,  Blundell,  nurseryman,  West  Dulwich,  showed 
fine  seedling  Hollyhocks,  of  which  the  foUo^ving  were 
very  nice  blooms  : — Mary  Anderson,  a  primrose  ;  W.  G. 
Head,  a  crimson  ;  Princess  Victoria  of  Wales,  very 
pale,  flesh  tint  ;  aud  Miss  Roupell,  salmon-yellow. 

Mr.  King,  gr.  to  P.  Crowley,  Esq  ,  Waddon  House, 
Croydon,  showed  Chrysanthemum  Madame  De  Grange, 
a  large  white  flower  with  reflexed  petals — a  good  bloom, 
well  grown, 

Mr.  C.  Turner,  nurseries,  Slough,  showed  pompon 
Dahlia  Eccentric,  in  the  flowers  of  which  varying  propor- 
tions of  orange  and  crimson  colours  are  found.  A 
collection  of  forty-eight  kinds  of  fancy  and  show  Dahlias, 
beautifully  fresh  and  finished  blooms  ,  and  Dahlia  Ben- 
digo,  a  new  variety,  of  a  rich  crimsom,  and  of  perfect 
form. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt, 
exhibited  a  collection  of  cut  flowers  of  hardy  perennials, 
receiving  a  Silver-gilt  Med^d.  Placed  amongst  the 
flowers  were  bunches  of  foUage  of  Ulmus  Rosselli  aurea, 
strong,  healthy,  and  of  a  fine  yellow  tint;  Acer  Negundo 
robusta,  a  stronger  variety  than  A.  N.  variegata  ;  purple- 
leaved  Birch,  very  distinct  ;  well  flowered  shoots  of 
Catalpa  syringosfolia  ;  Prunus  Pissardi,  in  vigorous 
growth  ;  some  forms  of  silver-leaved  Elder  ;  Ulmus  cam- 
pestris  rubra,  with  pretty  bronzy  foliage  ;  U.  plumosus 
aureus,  with  bold  yellow-green  leaves  ;  a  variegated  form 
of  the  Turkey  ;  aud  Ceanothus  pallidus,  with  delicate 
light  blue  flowers. 

Some  twelve  bo.xes  of  fair  Roses  for  the  season  came 
from  Cheshunt,  amongst  ihem  being  Bennett's  Rose 


Her  Majesty,  a  plant  carrying  one  large  bloom.  This 
is  the  first  time  this  Rose  has  been  seen  in  bloom  here, 
since  it  was  sold  in  1883.  Pompon  and  Cactus  Dahlias 
and  Anemone  japonica  alba  completed  this  display. 

Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  showed  cut  flowers 
of  single  Dahlias,  bouquet  ditto,  and  many  single  varie- 
ties in  bunches  ;  amongst  iliese  latter  Mr.  Rose,  a  white, 
profusely  striped  with  lake,  came  in  for  recognition. 
Bunches  of  Carnation  Pride  of  Penshurst  and  Salpi- 
glossis  came  also  from  the  Home  of  Flowers. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  nurserymen.  Saffron  Walden, 
exhibited  new  Hollyhocks  in  great  variety,  showing  both 
spikes  and  single  blooms  ;  the  fohage  and  flowers  were 
both  healthy  and  well  formed. 

Messrs.  \V.  Paul  &  Son,  Waliham  Cross,  showed 
twelve  boxes  of  bunches  of  Roses  of  exceedingly  good 
quality  for  the  season.  A  Silver  Banksian  Medal  was 
awarded. 

Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  Langport,  Somerset,  exceeded 
their  previous  efforts  with  Gladioli,  the  flowers  set  up 
being  both  numerous  and  of  fine  quality  throughout, 
and,  considering  the  distance  travdltd,  very  fresh  look- 
ing. The  best  were  Lady  McFarren,  white,  feathered 
very  slightly  with  purple  on  the  edge— large  flowers, 
which  were  open  on  at  least  a  foot  in  length  of  the 
spike  ;  Lord  Ai^hbourne,  rosy-crimson,  feathered  with 
a  darker  shade— the  flower  bold  and  large  ;  Empress  of 
India,  white,  profusely  feathered,  flamed,  and  suffused 
with  mauve~a  large  flowered  spike  18  inches  in  height  ; 
Lady  Salisbury,  white,  feathered  slightly  with  crimson- 
flowers  3  inches  across  ;  Prince  Edward  of  Saxe  Weimar, 
scarlet,  with  a  trace  of  orange,  feathered  at  the  edge 
with  purple.  A  Silver-gilt  Medal  was  awarded  for  this 
fine  show. 

The  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company  made  a  brave  dis- 
play with  Lilium  auratum  and  a  few  other  species.  A 
Silver  Banksian  Medal  was  given  tor  it. 

Mr.  Ware.  Hale  Farm,  Tottenham,  received  a  Silver 
Banksian  Medal  for  a  collection  of  hardy  flowers  of 
greatly  larger  dimensions  and  variety  than  usual  ;  it  was 
rich  in  Phloxes,  Iceland  Poppies,  Lilies,  Gaillardias,  and 
Dahhas,  both  single.  Cactus  and  pompon  —  Miss 
Limaker,  a  single-flowered  Dahlia,  with  rosy-crim- 
son florets,  the  area  surrounding  the  disc  of  a  golden 
colour  ;  and  .^mos  Perrry,  another  of  the  same  class,  of 
a  port-wine  colour,  edged  with  crimson,  being  considered 
the  best  of  the  new  varie.ies.  Dahlia  Yellow  Constance, 
a  Cactus  variety,  a  bright  yellow  flower,  with  straight 
and  fluted  petals,  was  also  Certificated. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  Holborn,  received  a  Silver 
Banksian  Medal  for  varieties  of  Asters  taken  from  the 
open  ground  and  potted.  They  consisted  of  French 
Pitony  Chrysanthemum-flowered,  Victoria  Dwarf  Ger- 
man, and  Pyramidal  German.  Planted  three  in  an 
8-inch  pot,  the  plants  made  a  good  show  at  one  end  of 
the  conservatory. 

FiRST-cL\ss  Certificates, 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  Sc  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Lord 
Ashbourne. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Empress  of 
India. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Prince 
Edward  of  Saxe  Weimar. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gladiolus  Lady 
MacFarren. 

To  Mr.  Ware,  for  single  Dahlia  Miss  Limaker. 

To  Mr.  Ware,  for  Cactus  Dahlia  Yellow  Constance. 

To  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  hybrid  hardy 
Gladiolus  Voltaire. 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  single  Dahlia  Mr. 
Rose. 

To  Mr.  C.  Turner,  for  pompon  Dahlia  Eccentric. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present :  T.  Francis  Rivers,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ;  and 
Messrs.  Harrison  Weir,  P.  Crowley,  F.  Rutland,  J. 
Burnett,  W.  Warren,  W.  Paul,  C.  Silverlock,  f. 
Ellam,  and  G.  Bunyard. 

A  collection  of  early  Apples  was  shown  by  Mr.  Taylor, 
gr.  to  Sir  J.  Lubbock,  High  Elms,  Downe,  Kent. 

Some  Sprouts,  named  the  Jubilee,  came  irom  Mr.  R, 
Gilbert,  Burleigh  Gardens. 

Two  seedling  Melons,  named  Combe  Bank  Seedling, 
were  shown  by  Mr.  Griffin,  gr..  Combe  Bank,  Kingston, 
but  were  too  ripe  to  be  judged. 


The  Cottagers'  Show. 

This  exhibition  of  cottage  garden  produce  quite  ex- 
celled that  of  any  previous  year  in  quality,  and  as  far 
as  the  respective  classes  were  concerned  being  almost 
confined  to  single  dishes  ;  the  entries  were  extra- 
ordinary, giving  the  judges  unusually  diflicult  work. 
The  most  favoured  exhibitors  came  respectively  from 
Oxon,  Bucks,  Essex,  and  Kent,  although  some  other 
districts  were  very  well  represented.  Not  a  few  of  the 
exhibits,  especially  Potalos,  Runner  Beans,  Cabbages, 
Carrots,  and  Turnips,  could  haidly  have  been  ex- 
celled by  the  best  of  private  gardeners  ;  thus  showing 
that,  consequent  upon  the  admirable  tuition  given  by 
the  numerous  shows  of  cottagers'  garden  produce  held 
throughout  the  country,  there  is  to  be  found,  at  least 
as  far  as  vegetables  are  concerned,  a  degree  of  skill 
which  bodes  well  for  gardening  in  the  future  amongst 
the  working  classes.  Whether  all  the  exhibitors 
would  be  accepted  in  their  respective  localities  as 
hnd  fide  cottagers  is  a  subject  upon  which  it  may  be 
well  not  to  inquire  too    deeply ;   still,   appearances 


28o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  zS,  1886. 


favoured  the  assumption  that  the  majority  were  work- 
ing men. 
Taking  the  classes  in  their  order — 


POTATOS 

were  very  finely  and  numerously  shown,  no  less  than 
thirty-six  lots  ot  three  dishes  being  staged  in  that  class. 
Mr.  Gibbs,  Sevenoaks,  was  a  good  ist,  with  handsome 
Bresee's  Prolific,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  and  Woodstock  Kid- 
ney ;  Mr.  Wellard,  Eyresford,  Kent,  came  next,  with  Rad. 
stock  Beauty,  Vicar  ot  Laleham,  and  Adirondack  :  and 
the  3d  included,  with  the  two  latter,  good  Reading 
Russet. 

There  were  no  less  than  forty-two  single  dishes  of 
Potatos,  from  which  very  fine  Fillbasket,  from  Mr. 
Kirtland,  Blechicgton,  Oxon  ;  Reading  Russet,  from 
Mr.  North;  and  Vicar  of  Laleham,  from  Mr.  Venn,  of 
Maidstone,  took  the  leading  prizes. 

Peas. 

Eleven  lots,  of  two  dishes,  were  staged,  Mr.  Gibbs 
coming  ist  with  very  fair  Telephone  and  Stratagem  ;  Mr. 
North  followed,  with  Ne  Plus  Ultra  and  Telephone  ; 
whilst  Duke  of  Albany  and  Stratagem  took  3d  place  for 
Mr.  Kirtland. 

Twenty-one  single  dishes  competed — Stratagem,  from 
Mr.  Kentish,  Hempstead,  Herts,  was  ist ;  Ne  Plus 
Ultra,  from  Mr.  Shortland,  2d;  and  same  from  Mr. 
Neal,  Aston  Clinton,  3d. 

O.NIONS 

were  chiefly  of  autumn  sowings,  some  very  fine  bulbs  of 
the  Giant  Rocca,  from  Mr.  Hasker,  Coleshill,  Wilt?, 
coming  ist  ;  admirable  White  Spanish  coming  next, 
from  Mr.  Hall,  Dartford  ;  and  other  Roccas,  from  Mr. 
Nunn  came  3d. 

Cabrage-S 
came  after — eighteen  lots  of  three  heads  being  staged, 
rather  uneven,  though  mostly  clean  and  good.  Mr. 
Bunting,  of  Enfield,  had  the  finest  in  good  Enfield 
Market ;  Mr.  Dormer,  of  Aldenham,  Herts,  coming  2d, 
with  Daniell's  Defiance  ;  the  Enfield  again  being  3d, 
from  Mr.  Hall. 

Lettuces, 

Nearly  all  of  the  eighteen  lots  shown  were  Paris 
White,  Mr.  Dredge,  of  Bletchley,  having  the  best ;  Mr. 
Dormer  coming  2d. 

Runner  Beans. 
This  was  the  best  filled  class,  of  which  there  were 
thirty-five  dishes,  a  spledid  dish  of  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  coming 
from  Mr.  Kirtland,  being  ist ;  Mr.  Richardson,  of 
Enfield,  being  2d,  with  Girtford  Giant  ;  and  Mr. 
North  was  3d.  Only  seventeen  lots  of  Broad  Beans 
were  staged,  and  these  somewhat  browned  by  exposure. 
The  best  came  from  Mr.  Venn,  Acton  ;  and  Mr.  Munroe, 
Dingwall,  N.B. 

Turnips  and  Carrot.s 
were  very  fine,  clean  and  handsome,  almost  all  being 
white.  Messrs.  Bunce,  Tring  ;  Smith,  Eynsford  ;  and 
Willard  had  the  best,  chiefly  of  the  Snowball  type. 
There  were  twenty-five  bunches  of  the  former  and  thirty- 
five  of  the  latter,  generally  superb  samples,  some  being 
specially  so. 

Mr.  North  had  ist  place,  with  very  handsome  Long 
Surrey,  perfect  models  ;  Mr.  Kirtland  coming  2d, 
with  beautiful  new  Intermediate  ;  and  Mr.  Nunn  was 
3d,  with  the  same  kind. 

Beet 
were  not  so  good,   but  fair  samples    came  from   Mr. 
Kirtland,  Maidstone,  and  Mr.  White,  Wycombe. 

Cauliflowers. 
Eleven  lots  were  shown,  Mr.  C.  Beckett,   of  Penn, 
Bucks,  coming  ist,    with    good  Autumn  Giant  ;    Mr. 
Dormer  2d,  with  Walcheren  ;  and  Mr.  Munroe  3d. 

Cucumbers 
were  in  force,  fifteen  fruits  being  staged,  but  the  sample 
was  not  first-rate.     Mr.  Castle,  Maidstone  ;  Mr.  King, 
Enfield  ;|   and    Mr,   Smith,    Eynsford,    took  the   chief 
prizes. 

Vegetable  Marrows 
were  again  a  great  class,  thirty  pairs  of  all  sizes  and  sorts 
being  staged.      Some  neat    medium-sized    long    white 
fruits  were  ist,  from  Mr.  Richardson  ;  Mr.  Gibbs  being 
2d  ;  and  Mr.  Weal,  Ealing,  3d. 

TOMATOS. 
Mr.  Beckett   had  the  best  dish  in   Perpetual ;  Mr. 
Timbs,  Amersham,  2d ;  and  Mr.  Jacob,  Petworth,  3d. 

Fruit. 

There  were  fifteen  dishes  of  Apples  in  the  one  class. 
Mr.  C.  Hager,  of  Norwood  ;  Mr.  Hooker,  Ottershaw  ; 
and  Mr.  Strange,  Dulwich,  having  the  best  in  Lord 
Suffield. 

Six  lots  of  three  dishes  were  staged,  Mr.  Jacob  coming 
ist  with  good  Lord  Suffield,  New  Hawthornden,  and 
Gloria  Mundi ;  Mr.  Strange  was  2d. 

There  were  nineteen  dishes  of  Gooseberries,  red  and 
white  kinds  being  shown,  the  finest  being  Lancashire 
Lad,  ist,  for  Mr.  Willard  ;  and  Mr.  Harvey  of  Hert- 
tord,  was  2d,  with  fine  Whitesmith  ;  Lancashire  Lad 
again  coming  3d  for  Mr.  North. 

Both  red  and  white  Currants  were  largely  shown  in 
the  class  for  one  dish,  the  best,  a  handsome  sample, 
being  from  Mr.  Dormer  ;  Mr.  Jacob  being  2d. 

Mr.  Waghom  was  ist  with  red  Cherries,  Mr.  Kentish 


being  2d,  and  Mr.  Crout,  Maidstone,  3d.    Of  course  all 
the  samples  were  Morellos. 

A  miscellaneous  class  was  well  filled,  the  exhibits 
comprising  collections  of  vegetables,  Plums,  Pears,  and 
other  fruit  in  considerable  quantity. 


The    First    National   Co-operative   Flower 
Show. 

The  competition  being  con6ned  to  amateurs  and 
the  gardeners  of  members  of  the  Agricultural  and 
Horticultural  Association,  of  which  Mr.  Edward  Owen 
Greening  is  the  Managing  Director,  took  place  in 
conjunction  with  the  Cottagers'  and  Artizans'  Show. 
It  may  be  stated  that  the  prize-money  was  furnished 
by  the  Association,  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
permitting  the  exhibition  to  take  place  in  the  con- 
servatory. The  general  arrangements  were  directed 
by  Mr.  Barron,  who  had  a  band  of  stewards  formed 
of  members  of  the  Association  acting  under  him,  and 
arranging  the  exhibits.  As  a  first  attempt  the  show 
must  be  considered  not  wholly  unsatisfactory,  although 
the  competition  was  not  generally  very  keen,  and  it  is 
alleged  that  the  judges  who  made  the  awards  had  some 
reason  to  doubt  whether  some  of  the  exhibits,  and  espe- 
cially the  Cauliflowers  shown  in  some  of  the  classes,  had 
not  been  purchased  instead  of  being  grown  by  the  ex- 
hibitors. This  is  a  practice  which,  if  really  indulged  in, 
the  executive  of  the  Association  should  do  its  utmost 
to  suppress.  The  prizes  were  in  several  of  the  classes 
disproportionately  high  compared  with  the  nature  of 
the  exhibit ;  and  if  one  great  aim  of  the  Association  is 
to  encourage  cottage  and  allotment  gardeners,  meaning 
thereby,  we  presume,  poor  men  in  the  receipt  of  weekly 
wages,  professional  gardeners  in  large  private  places 
should  not  be  allowed  to  compete  with  the  working 
men  on  equal  terms.  As  it  is  the  desire  of  the 
executive  not  only  that  the  flowers  shown  should  be 
encouraged  by  local  branches,  but  also  that  one  large 
aggregate  exhibition  should  be  held  annually,  the 
matter  just  referred  to  should  be  well  considered 
before  another  schedule  of  prizes  is  issued. 

Taking  the  schedule  in  the  order  of  the  various 
classes,  forty-four  in  number,  the  awards  of  the 
judges    were    as    follows ; — 

Peas,  J  peck.  —  ist,  Mr.  George  Bull,  West 
Haddon,  Rugby,  with  Telephone ;  2d,  Mr.  George 
Ledbourn,  Wilton,  near  Manchester,  with  Dr. 
Maclean. 

Longpod  or  Broad  Beans. — ist,  Mr.  Joseph  Fox- 
ley,  New  Road,  Mumford,  Cheshire,  with  good 
Seville  Longpod  ;  2d,  Mr,  F.  Sexton,  The  Cottage, 
Northampton,  with  Windsor  Beans. 

Mr.  \V.  Powers,  144,  Victor  Road,  Penge,  was 
1st  with  Scarlet  Runners,  having  a  good  dish  ;  Mr. 
F.  Sexton  being  2d  ;  and  the  last-named  was  the  only 
exhibitor  of  three  heads  of  Cauliflowers,  having  the 
1st  prize  awarded  to  him, 

Mr.  C.  Foskett,  2,  Hamilton  Villas,  Morland 
Road,  Penge,  was  Ist  with  three  Cabbages,  showing 
fine  Enfield  Market ;  Mr.  Joseph  Foxley  being  2d, 
with  the  same. 

Mr.  James  Adams,  West  Haddon,  Rugby,  had 
the  best  six  Carrots,  staging  good  Long  Red  Surrey  ; 
Mr.  J.  Sturch,  also  of  West  Haddon,  being  2d. 

Mr.  E.  Hurst,  Heybridge,  Maldon,  Essex,  had 
the  best  Beet,  staging  Covent  Garden ;  Mr.  W, 
Pewsey,  Staines,  being  2d,  also  with  Long  Red  ;  Mr, 
J.  Sturch  3d,  with  Egyptian  Turnip-rooted. 

Onions  were  largely  shown.  Mr,  W.  Cobbold, 
Heybridge,  Maldon,  was  Ist,  with  good  Tripoli  ; 
Mr.  F.  Sexton  being  2d,  with  the  same  ;  and  Mr. 
George  Ledbourne  being  3d,  with  White  Spanish. 

Mr.  George  Bull  had  the  best  six  Turnips,  Mr.  F, 
Sexton  being  2d, 

Mr,  J.  Strurch  had  the  best  nine  kidney  Potatos, 
staging  good  examples  of  Cosmopolitan  ;  Mr,  G. 
Mitchell,  Haseltine  Road,  Lower  Sydenham,  being 
2d,  with  Lapstone. 

The  classes  for  Cos  and  Cabbage  Lettuces  did  not 

bring  any  competitors  ;  doubtless  all  had  gone  to  seed. 

Twelve    round     Potatos. — Mr.    J.    Adams,    West 

Haddon,  with  Vicar  of  Laleham,  1st ;  Mr.  G.  Mitchell 

being  2d,  with  the  same. 

One  Cucumber. — ist,  Mr.  J.  Foxley  j  2d,  Mr.  J. 
Sturch,  with  pretty  good  specimens  of  Telegraph. 

Two  Vegetable  Marrows. — 1st,  Mr.  J,  Sturch  ;  2d, 
Mr.  C.  Kemp,  Kings'  Corner,  Brampton. 
Six  Tomatos  brought  no  entry. 
Annuals,  six  distinct  varieties. — ist,  Mr,  J.  Sturch, 
with  nice  bunches  of  Stocks,  Godetia  Whitneyi, 
Malope  grandiflora.  Antirrhinum,  Scabious,  and 
Candytuft  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Bull,  with  Helichrysum, 
Zinnias,  Verbenas,  Scabious,  Chrysanthemum  coro- 
narium,  and  Mignonette  ;  3d,  Mr.  Edmund  Cooper, 
57,  Waddington  Street,  Norwich. 

Stocks,  double,  six  spikes. — Ist,  Mr.  J.  Foxley  ;  2d, 
Mr.  G.  Bull ;  3d,  Mr,  A.  Martin,  188,  Nelson  Street, 
Norwich, 

Asters,  six  cut  blooms,  any  variety. — 1st,  Mr.  J. 
Sturch,  with  some  good  quilled  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Ledbourne,  with  Pseony-flowered  ;  3d.  Mr.  G.  Bull, 
with  quilled. 

Bouquet  of  cut  flowers  from  "  One  and  All  "  seeds  : 


1st,  Mr.  A.  Martin ;  2d,  Mr.   G.  Bull ;  3d,  '.Mr.   E 
Cooper. 

Collection  ot  vegetables,  six  kinds. — 1st,  Mr.  F. 
Sexton,  with  Carrots,  Potatos,  Cauliflower,  Runner 
Beans,  Onions  and  Marrows  ;  2d,  Mr.  W,  Powers  ; 
3d,  Mr,  C.  Foskett,  8,  Hampton  Villas,  Norland 
Road,  Penge, 

For  the  best  exhibits  grown  with  the  "  One  and 
AH"  artificial  manures  nothing  was  shown  good 
enough  to  justify  an  award  being  made. 

It  should  be  stated  that  all  the  exhibits  in  the 
above  classes  were  open  to  members  of  Industrial 
Co-operative  Societies  for  exhibits  grown  from  seeds 
supplied  by  the  Association, 

The  second  section  of  the  schedule  of  prizes  was 
open  to  amateurs  and  the  gardeners  of  members,  the 
exhibits  also  to  be  grown  from  seeds  supplied  by  the 
Association. 

Peas,  three  dishes,  three  varieties. — Two  good 
collections  were  staged,  Mr.  Bull  being  Ist,  and  Mr. 
Carter  2d. 

Lettuces,  three  specimens  of  two  kinds. — No  com- 
petition. 

Cabbages,  three  specimens  of  two  kinds,  one  to  be 
One  and  All,  one  Earliest  of  All. — No  competition. 

Three  heads  of  Cauliflower. — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Dean, 
Titsey  Gardens,  Limpsfield,  Surrey ;  2d,  Mr.  E, 
Hurst,  Heybridge,  Maiden. 

Beans,  Broad  or  Longpod. — Mr,  J.  Dean  was 
awarded  2d  prize  for  some  Mazagan, 

Scarlet  Runners,  fifty  pods,  —  Ist,  Mr,  G.  W 
Waugh,  41,  Abbey  Road,  St,  John's,  S.E. ;  2d,  Mr. 
O.  Goldsmith,  the  Gardens,  Polesden,  Dorking, 

Melons,  best  brace. — 1st,  Mr.  O.  Goldsmith. 

Tomatos,  best  twelve. — Ist,  Mr.  C.  M.  Carter, 
Upton  Villa,  Eastbourne,  with  fine  Large  Red. 

Carrots,  best  six. — 1st,  Mr.  C.  M.  Carter,  with 
good  Long  Red  Surrey;  2d,  Mr.  J,  Dean,  with 
James'  Greentop. 

Onions,  twelve. — Mr.  C.  M.  Carter  was  awarded  a 
1st  prize. 

Cucumbers,  brace. — Ist,  Mr.  0.  Goldsmith,  with 
Telegraph  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  M.  Carter,  with  the  same. 

Vegetable  Marrows,  pair. — 1st,  Mr.  O.  Goldsmith; 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Dean. 

Twelve  kidney  Potatos. — 1st,  Mr.  O.  Goldsmith, 
with  Rivers'  Ashleaf ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Whittaker,  Hamp- 
ton Hall,  Shrewsbury,  unnamed.  Fine  dishes  of 
International  Kidney  and  Miss  Fouer  were  passed 
over  because  diseased. 

Twelve  round  Potatos. — Ist,  Mr.  O.  Goldsmith, 
with  Schoolmaster. 

Beet,  six.  —  ist,  Mr,  J,  Dean ;  2d,  Mr.  O, 
Goldsmith, 

Collection  of  vegetables,  nine  kinds. — 1st,  Mr.  J. 
Dean,  with  Cauliflower,  Potatos,  Carrots,  Peas, 
Celery,  Turnips,  Scarlet  Runners,  Beet,  and  Tomatos ; 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Gore,  the  Gardens,  Glenleigh,  near 
Hastings, 

Stocks,  six  spikes. — Ist,  Mr.  T.  Austin,  Kimberley 
Terrace,  New  Mills,  Tring;  2d,  Mr.  G.  W.  Waugb. 

Asters,  six  blooms. — Mr.  J.  Dean  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  M, 
Carter. 

Twelve  single  Dahlias. — 1st,  Mr.  G.  W.  Waugh— 
a  rather  poor  lot. 

Pansies,  twenty-four  blooms. — One  exhibitor  had 
twelve  blooms,  but  the  stand  was  passed  over ;  and 
two  dozen  are  too  many  to  require  at  this  season  of 
the  year. 

Bouquet  of  hardy  flowers. — Ist,  Mr.  J.  Gore;  2d, 
Mr.  O.  Goldsmith  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  M.  Carter. 

Collection  of  annuals,  six  distinct  varieties. — 1st, 
Mr.  O.  Goldsmith,  with  Godetia,  Cyanus  minor, 
Coreopsis  Drummondi,  Asters,  Marigold,  and  Zinnia, 

For  the  best  exhibit  grown  with  the  "  One  and  All " 
artificial  manures  no  award  was  made. 

In  the  miscellaneous  class  an  extra  prize  was 
awarded  to  Mr.  J.  T.  Barnham,  38,  Parthenia  Road, 
Fulham,  for  a  collection  of  vegetables. 


CHEADLE  FLORAL  AND  HORTICUL- 
TURAL:  August  20  and  21. 
The  nineteenth  annual  show  in  connection  with 
this  Society  took  place  on  Friday  and  Saturday, 
August  20  and  21,  on  ground  kindly  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  committee  by  Dr.  Godson.  The 
weather  on  the  opening  day  was  all  that  could  be 
desired,  and  a  good  many  visitors  patronised  the 
show.  There  was  every  appearance  of  a  fine  day  on 
the  Saturday.  Given  these  conditions  there  is  a  cer- 
tainty that  large  numbers  would  wend  their  way 
thitherward,  for  this  annual  display  has  taken  such  a 
hold  of  the  district  and  inhabitants  that  the  attend- 
ance on  a  fine  Saturday  is  always  reckoned  by 
thousands.  [We  have  been  informed  by  a  cor- 
respondent that  these  hopes  were  well  fulfilled.  Ed.  J 
The  show  this  year  is  a  great  improvement 
on  any  that  have  been  held  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Society,  and  that  is  saying  a  good  deal,  for 
previous  displays  have  been  very  creditable,  and  the 
classes  always  well  filled.  The  tent  space  required 
this  year  is  as  follows  :— The  group  tent  immediately 
on  the  left  on  entering  the  field  was  181  by  36  feet, 
the  fruit  tent  measured  96  by  36  feet,  the  nurserymen's 


August  28,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


281 


tent  65  by  30  feet,  the  tent  for  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  Ferns,  Caladiums,  &c.,  was  200  feet  by  50  feet, 
also  a  large  one  for  the  exhibition  of  bees  and  honey 
by  the  Cheshire  Bee-keepers'  Association.  Two 
other  tents  were  also  in  requisition  for  refreshments, 
showing  altogether  an  area  approaching  42,000  yards 
under  canvas.  The  schedule  contained  ninety  classe?, 
and  the  increased  amount  of  money  prizes  offered  in 
some  of  the  more  important  classes  had  the  effect  it 
was  hoped  would  follow  such  a  bold  venture.  In  the 
open  classes  some  grand  specimens  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
and  Crotons  among  foliage  plants,  and  Ixoras,  Dip- 
ladenias,  Allamandas,  and  Ericas  in  the  flowering, 
were  to  be  met  with.  It  is  perhaps  doubtful  if,  in 
any  exhibition  that  has  recently  been  held,  a  grander 
lot  of  Ixoras  were  ever  got  together.  Mr.  Cypher, 
who  is  as  well  qualified  to  give  an  opinion  upon  this 
point  as  any  man  ia  England,  could  not  but  express 
his  pleasure  and  surprise  at  seeing  so  many  gathered 
together  in  the  large  exhibition  tent. 

The  fruit  all  through  was  of  excellent  quality. 
Black  and  white  Grapes  were  numerous,  fine  in 
bunch  and  berry,  and  splendid  bloom  on  the  black 
varieties.  The  Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  good. 
Gooseberries  unusually  large,  A  capital  lot  of  Melons 
were  also  staged.  The  many  classes  of  vegetables 
were  well  filled.  Strong  competition  took  place  here, 
and  so  uniformly  good  were  the  stands  that  much 
time  and  discrimmation  were  needed  to  apportion  the 
awards  in  their  true  order  and  merit. 

In  the  class  for  ten  dishes  of  vegetables,  twelve 
stands  were  placed  upon  the  stages,  many  that  secured 
no  prize  at  all  were  better  than  sometimes  we  find  the 
1st  prize  awarded  to  at  other  good  shows.  It  would 
be  taking  up  too  much  space  to  go  through  the  whole 
of  the  classes  and  note  the  exhibits  in  each  group. 
Those  that  struck  us  as  being  most  worthy  must  suflice 
for  the  whole. 

Plants 

Fifteen  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (open). — Mr. 
J.  Cypher,  Cheltenham,  and  Mr.  K.  Mackellar,  gr. 
to  J.  Watts,  Esq.,  Abney  Hall,  Cheadle,  staged  two 
grand  collections.  Considerable  difliculty  was  expe- 
rienced as  to  which  was  the  more  worthy,  but  at  last 
the  prizes  fell  in  the  order  in  which  the  names  appear. 
The  specimen  of  Ixoia  DufKi  in  this  group  had  eleven 
trusses  of  its  showy  blossoms,  several  of  them  mea- 
suring 15  inches  over.  Mr.  Mackellar's  group  con- 
tained a  plant  of  Ixora  Williamsii,  6  feet  high  by 
4  feet  in  diameter,  with  150  heads  of  bloom.  These 
iwo  collections  occupied  no  less  than  30  yards  running 
length  in  the  centre  of  the  tent.  • 

Ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs). — J. 
Leigh,  Esq.  (Mr.  J.  Kirk,  gr.),  was  1st,  with  Ixora 
Fraseri  and  I.  Oixiana,  each  4  feet  by  4  feet,  full  of 
fine  trusses.  S.  Bierlein,  Esq.  (.Mr.  G.  Williams, 
gr.),  Didsbury,  was  2d.  Here  again  were  fine  Ixora 
Prince  of  Orange,  4  by  3  feet. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower. — The 
1st  prize  was  awarded  to  J.  Leigh,  Esq.  ;  Mr.  Mac- 
kellar was  2d. 

Six  exotic  Ferns. — The  1st  prize  was  awarded 
to  S.  Baerlein,  Esq.,  who  showed  Davallia  poly- 
antha  S  feet  through,  and  several  good  piece  sof  the 
ordinary  exhibition  species  ;  Mr.  Mackellar  was  2d, 
showing  amongst  others,  Pteris  scaberula  and  Alsophila 
capense,  in  good  form. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  in  flower. — These  were  shown 
by  Mr.  J.  E.  Piatt,  Cheadle,  who  was  1st;  and  Mr. 
W.  Haynes,  jun,,  Sale,  2d. 

Four  bronze  or  tricolors  were  shown  by  H.  SchiU, 
Esq.  (Mr.  J.  CouUon,  gr. ),  1st,  with  dwarf  plants 
well  coloured  ;  Mr.  Deakin,  Cheadle,  2d. 

A  good  display  of  table  plants  were  shown  ;  1st 
prize  being  awarded  to  J.  Hill,  Esq.,  Rochdale:  2d, 
Mrs.  Sykes,  Edgeley. 

Some  splendid  Begonias  were  staged,  large  in 
flower,  and  fortunately  had  travelled  well,  Mr.  Mac- 
kellar was  1st,  with  three  ;  and  II.  Schill,  Esq.,  2d, 

D.  Adamson,  Esq  ,  Didsbury  (Mr.  J.  Brierly,  gr.), 
came  to  the  fore  with  four  Caladiums  well  grown 
and  capitally  coloured  ;  Mr.  H.  Schill  2d. 

Mrs.  Deakin  was  1st  with  two  pots  of  Lilium 
auratum  ;  also  for  four  hardy  Ferns.  In  the  latter 
class  G.  W.  Mould,  Esq.  (A.  Macdonald,  gr.)  was 
placed  2d,  with  plants  of  excellent  culture  and 
variety. 

Groups  of   Plants   in   Pots,   not   Exceeding 

10  inches.  Inside  Measurement 
were  shown  by  both  nurserymen  and  amateurs ;  in 
the  former  Mr.  J.  Hooley,  Edgeley,  was  1st,  with  a 
very  nice  group  ;  Messrs.  W.  G.  Caldwell  &  Sons, 
Knutslord,  coming  in  2d.  Among  the  amateurs  Mrs. 
Sykes  (Mr.  J.  Kemp,  gr. )  was  successful,  the  2d  falling 
to  S.  Baerlein,  Esq.,  whose  display,  though  certainly 
little  colour,  was  very  prettily  arranged.  Six  groups 
were  made  up  in  this  class. 

Miscellaneous. 

The  latter  gentleman  was  ist,  with  six  fine-Ioliage 

plants,  also  with  twelve  bunches  of  cut  stove  and 

greenhouse  blooms,  H.   Schill,   Esq.,   coming  2d  ; 


these  two  stands  contained  splendid  trusses  of  Ixoras, 
Lapagerias,  Ericas,  Orchids,  &c.  ;  in  one  bunch  we 
counted  no  less  than  twenty-four  fine  blooms  of  Mil- 
tonia  spectabilis  rosea. 

Four  Adiaotums. — W.  Hayes,  Esq.,  was  1st,  show- 
ing clean  and  healthy  specimens ;  W.  J.  Parkyn, 
Esq.,  2d. 

Four  Dracaenas. — S.  Baerlein,  Esq.,  was  Ist,  Mrs. 
Sykes  2d  ;  whilst  the  latter  exhibitor  was  the  only  one 
with  four  pots  of  Lilium  lancifolium,  and  was  awarded 
Ist  prize,  the  plants  being  strong,  and  full  of  bloom. 

Celosias,  Cockscombs,  Petunias,  Gloxinias,  Bal- 
sams, were  well  shown,  and  in  good  condition.  Cut 
blooms  of  Roses  were  shown  by  Mr.  W.  Millington 
and  Mr.  H.  Schill  ;  and  Dahlias  by  Mr.  J.  Watbur- 
ton  and  Mrs.  Deakin. 

Mr.  J.  Cypher  was  1st  with  a  stand  for  dinner- 
table  decorations,  and  Mr.  D.  Adamson  2d. 

Some  nice  bouquets  were  shown,  Mr.  S.  Baerlein 
being  1st,  Mr.  J.  Watts  2d. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables. 

Collection  of  six  dishes  of  fruit. — Mr.  Mackellar 
was  1st,  having  good  Grapes.  Peaches,  Nectarines, 
and  Melons  ;  Colonel  Dixon,  Chellord,  2d. 

Six  dishes  of  out-of-doors  hardy  fruit. — Mr,  W. 
Porter,  Birkenhead,  1st  ;  Mr.  T.  Rofl'ey  2d. 

Two  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgbs.  —  Mr.  L. 
Raynes,  Rock  Ferry,  Ist ;  Mr.  J.  Clegg,  Chelford,  2d. 

Two  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  not  Hamburgh. — 
Mr.  L.  Raynes  1st,  with  splendid  examples  of  Madres- 
field  Court  ;  Mr.  J.  Clegg  2d,  with  Gros  Colmar. 

Two  bunches  of  white  Grapes. — ist,  Mr.  Mackellar; 
2d,  Mr.  J.  E.  Piatt. 

Largest  bunch  of  Grapes. — Mr.  D.  Adamson  1st, 
Colonel  Dixon  2d. 

Mrs.  Sykes  was  Ist  with  one  Pine.  Mr.  G,  W. 
Mould  1st  with  four  dishes  of  culinary  Apples.  Mr. 
S.  Lord  Ist  with  white-fleshed  Melon  ;  Mr.  J.  E. 
Piatt  being  Ist  with  scarlet-fleshed  Melon.  Mr.  P. 
Colles  was  successful  with  a  brace  of  Cucumbers, 
Colonel  Dixon  was  1st  with  a  dish  of  Cherries  and  a 
dish  of  Peaches.  With  Nectarines  Mr.  D.  Adamson 
was  1st;  Mr.  W.  Porter  winning  with  Raspberries, 
and  Mr.  Mackellar  with  dessert  Apples. 

Grand  Tomalos  were  shown  by  Mr,  J.  Mason, 
Oakfield  Nursery,  Sale,  and  were  awarded  a  Special 
Certificate.  For  a  dish  of  Tomatos  Mrs,  Deaken 
was  Ist. 

Collections  of  vegetables,  ten  varieties. — Of  these 
grand  lots  were  staged.  S.  Lord,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  G. 
Walker),  was  placed  Ist,  with  a  fine  lot ;  Mr.  T. 
Roffey,  Sandback,  coming  in  2d. 

Prizes  were  awarded  to  single  plants  of  Orchids, 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom,  Liliums,  Bou- 
vardias,  Eucharis,  ornamental-berried  plants,  Japanese 
Maize,  Yucca  filamento^a  variegata,  and  early 
Chrysanthemems. 

Stands  of  cut  flowers  were  shown  by  several  nur- 
serymen, among  them  being  Roses  and  cut  blooms  of 
herbaceous  plants  from  Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson, 
Chester ;  Dahlias,  Roses,  Begonias,  and  herbaceous 
plants,  from  Mr.  J.  Robson,  Downs  Nursery,  Bow- 
den  ;  Roses,  Gladioli,  &c.,  from  Messrs.  Dickson, 
Brown  &  Tait,  Manchester  ;  also  a  good  lot  of  a 
similar  character  from  Messrs.  Dickson  &  Robinson, 
Market  Place  ;  Messrs.  W.  &  J.  Mellor,  Withing- 
ton,  had  Asters,  Pansies,  and  herbaceous  blooms  ; 
whilst  from  Mr.  W.  Cordiogly.  Stockport,  came 
beautiful  Gloire  de  Dijon  and  Niphetos  Roses,  with 
Carnations  and  Picotees. 

Capital  groups  of  plants,  not  for  competition,  were 
staged  by  Mr.  J.  Hooley,  Edgeley  Nursery;  Messrs. 
W.  G.  Caldwell  &  .Sons,  Knutsford  ;  Mr.  J.  Bur- 
ket,  Heaton  Norris  ;  also  by  .Mr.  C.  Gleave,  HeatoQ 
Norris  ;  and  Mr.  W.  J.  Williams,  Heaton  Mersey. 
These  added  much  to  the  interest  and  attractiveness 
of  the  show. 

The  energetic  and  enthusiastic  Hon.  Secretary,  E. 
D.  Stone,  Esq.,  who  is  not  an  exhibitor,  but  who  is  a 
thorough  worker,  not  only  deserves  support,  but  has 
succeeded  in  enlisting  the  active  co-operation  of  the 
leading  gentry  for  miles  around,  and  the  hearty  aid  of 
a  small  committee,  anxious  to  promote  the  objects  of 
the  Society,  which  is  the  encouragement  of  horticul- 
ture in  the  cottage,  as  well  as  in  the  gardens  of 
patrons  of  more  extended  means  and  opportunities. 


MAIDENHEAD  :    August  19. 

After  being  suspended  for  one  season  the  com- 
mittee of  this  Society  have  again,  by  offering  an 
attractive  schedule,  brought  together  an  exhibition  of 
first-rate  produce.  There  was  throughout  the  show 
an  absence  of  inferior  productions,  and  the  exhibitors 
of  the  district  are  to  be  congratulated  for  the  excellent 
display  that  was  made  on  this  occasion. 


These  were  characterised  by  their  fresh  appearance 
and  the  absence  of  unwieldy  specimens.  Mr.  Aitken, 
gr.  at  Richiogs  Park,  Slough,  was  a  piominent  exhi- 


bitor, taking  the  leading  prize  for  a  group  of  flowering 
and  foliage  plants  arranged  for  effect  ;  these  consisted 
of  subjects  well  chosen  for  the  purpose,  and  were 
arranged  in  a  light  and  elegant  manner,  Francoa 
ramosa  and  Lilies  playing  an  important  part.  Mr. 
Taylor,  gr.  to  J.  Watson,  Esq.,  Langley  House, 
Slough,  followed  closely  for  the  2d  place,  with  a 
pretty  group,  amongst  them  being  some  plants  of 
Crotons  that  told  well.  The  3d  prize  was  awarded 
to  Mr.  Elliott,  gr.  to  J.  Hibbert,  Esq  ,  the  President 
of  the  Society,  in  whose  grounds  the  show  was  held, 
for  a  group  of  bold  form,  Gladioli  and  Liliums  being 
used  freely. 

Mr.  Aitken  repeated  his  former  success  by  winning 
the  Ist  prize  for  six  flowering  and  foliage  plants  with 
a  well  grown  set  of  all-round  plants  :  Kentia  australis, 
a  noble  plant ;  Croton  Johannis,  finely  coloured  ; 
and  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  in  good  flower,  were  the 
most  noticeable  among  others;  Mr.  Gates,  gr.  to 
Dr.  Meadows,  Pojle  Manor,  coming  in  a  capital 
2d,  with  six  well  grown  plants. 

Mr.  Owen  was  awarded  the  1st  prize  for  six  well 
grown  tuberous  Begonias  of  an  excellent  strain. 

For  a  flowering  specimen  a  fine  plant  in  abundant 
bloom  and  fresh  of  Erica  Austiniana  won  the  1st 
place  for  Mr.  Taylor  ;  whilst  an  unusually  well- 
flowered  example  of  Lagerstromia  indica,  with  quan- 
tities of  its  bright  pink  panicles  of  flower,  from  Mr. 
Aitken,  and  a  good  plant  with  several  spikes  of  flower 
of  Peristeria  elata  from  Mr.  Gates,  were  bracketed 
equal  2d. 

A  fine  plant  of  Croton  Queen  Victoria  took  Ist  as 
a  foliage  specimen  for  Mr.  Aitken  ;  a  healthy  plant  of 
Cycas  revoluta  pressing  closely  for  2d,  from  Mr. 
Taylor. 

Two  good  collections  of  six  Ferns  were  staged,  the 
last  named  exhibitor  winning  with  a  set  of  well  grown 
plants,  among  which  were  a  finely  developed  specimen 
of  Pteris  scaberula  and  a  Gymnngramma  Laucheana  ; 
in  Mr.  Lockie's  2d  prize  lot  was  another  good  Pteris 
scaberula,  and  a  fine  specimen  of  Adiantum  cardio- 
chlaena 

For  eighteen  fine-foliage  plants  in  8  inch  pots,  a 
very  fresh  lot  coming  from  Mr.  Wells,  gr.  to  R. 
Ravenhill,  Esq.,  Winkfield,  took  the  Ist  prize. 

Several  collections  of  dinner-table  plants  were 
staged,  the  best  coming  from  Mr.  Lockie,  gr.  to 
Lord  Fitzgerald,  Oakley  Court,  Windsor. 


This  section  constituted  an  important  feature  in  the 
large  marquee.  Mr.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  P.  Rose, 
Rayners,  taking  1st  for  Muscat  of  Alexandria  finely 
coloured,  likewise  for  Madresfield  Court  equally 
good,  and  for  Foster's  Seedling,  in  classes  provided 
lor  Muscats,  any  other  black  and  other  white  respec- 
tively ;  the  same  exhibitor  being  2d  in  an  exceedingly 
strong  class  of  Black  Hamburgh,  the  Ist  prize  for 
which  went  to  a  set  of  three  bunches  of  first-rate 
colour  and  berry  from  Mr.  Welis. 

For  six  kindsof  fruit  a  strong  lot  camefrom  Mr.  Good- 
man, gr.  to  C.  Hammersley,  E^q  ,  Bourne  End,  who 
had  good  Grapes  and  fine  samples  of  Oullin's  Golden 
Gage  Plum ;  Mr.  Cakebread  came  in  a  close  2d, 
staging  Muscat  Grapes,  again  in  good  order. 

In  the  class  of  four  dishes  (Pines  excluded)  Mr. 
Lockie  won  with  capital  fruit,  whilst  for  the  same 
number  of  dishes  grown  in  the  open  air  Mr.  Good- 
man won  another  1st  with  good  samples,  among 
which  a  dish  of  Old  Windsor  Pear,  finely  coloured, 
was  conspicuous. 

Peaches.— .\  fine  dish  of  Stirling  Castle  Peaches  in 
perfection  won  the  Ist  prize  for  Mr.  Taylor,  and  an 
equally  fine  dish  of  Pine-apple  Nectarines  won  the 
same  position  for  Mr.  Aitken. 

Vegetables. 

For  Messrs.  Sutton's  prizes  the  competition  was 
exceedingly  keen,  no  fewer  than  twelve  lots  of  nine 
dishes  each  were  staged,  Mr.  Lockie  winning  the  1st 
prize  with  an  extra  strong  collection,  among  which 
we  noticed  Royal  Windor  Cucumber,  Trophy  To- 
matos, and  Snowball  Turnips,  all  finely  shown ; 
Messrs.  Elliott,  Goodman,  Cakebread,  and  Aitken, 
following  each  other  closely  in  the  order  named. 

Potatos  were  shown  in  quantity  in  several  classes, 
the  tubers  being  clean,  and  of  a  good  average  size  ; 
Reading  Hero  among  rounds,  and  Reading  Ruby  and 
Cardinal  of  the  kidneys,  were  among  the  best  shown. 

Veitch's  Standard  Bearer  Celery,  very  fine,  won  for 
Mr.  Gates  the  1st  prize,  and  Sutton's  Perfection 
Tomatos  the  same  position  for  Mr.  Cakebread. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  were  composed  of  the  chief  things  in  season, 
Mr.  Walker,  of  Thame,  being  strong  in  Asters, 
Dahlias,  and  Zinnias. 

For  three  stands  for  the  decoration  of  the  dinner- 
table.  Miss  Temple  won  with  choice  material,  boldly, 
yet  effectively  arranged,  being  very  closely  pressed  by 
Mrs.  Elliott,  who  took  2d  place  with  excellent  arrange- 
ments ;  these  two  exhibits  were  prominent  features  of 
the  show. 


282 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  exhibited  a  brilliant  collec- 
tion ol  annuals,  &c.,  not  for  competition  ;  and  Mr. 
Owen  some  choice  Gladioli  and  Tuberous  Bego- 
nias, H.  

TROWBRIDGE  HORTICULTURAL. 

In  pleasant  weather  this  Society  celebrated  its 
thirty-seventh  annual  exhibition  in  the  usual  show 
ground  near  the  railway  station.  It  is  a  very  popular 
gathering,  and,  as  is  usual,  there  was  a  very  large 
and  attractive  show,  probably  one  of  the  best  ever 
held  in  Trowbridge  :  the  tents  were  full  to  repletion, 
and  the  judges  had  no  easy  task  in  making  the 
awards.  The  attendance  was  very  large,  and  over 
/300  was  taken  at  the  gates.  It  may  be  stated  that 
the  first  exhibition  was  held  in  order  to  wipe  off  a 
debt  on  the  old  Mechanics'  Institute,  and  this  proved 
so  successful  that  a  balance  of  over  ;{^I00  remained, 
and  this  sum  was  handed  over  to  a  committee  of 
townspeople  to  carry  out  an  annual  exhibition,  and 
they  have  continued  to  do  this  ever  since.  At  the 
present  time  the  Society  has  a  reserve  fund  of  ^200. 
The  Hon.  Sec,  Mr.  James  Huntley,  has  filled  the 
post  for  the  large  number  of  twenty-three  years. 

Plants  :  Stove  and  Greenhoose. 

Of  these  there  was  a  good  display.  Mr.  J.  F. 
Mould,  nurseryman,  Pewsey,  being  placed  1st  with 
nine  good  specimens,  including  three  Ericas,  viz., 
Aitonia  turgida,  Marnockiana,  Austiniana,  Dipla- 
denias  amabilis  and  Brieileyana,  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fourianum,  AUamandas  Hendersoni  and  nobilis,  and 
Ixora  Pilgrimi  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Matthews,  gr.  to  W.  R. 
Brown,  Esq.,  Trowbridge. 

With  six  plants  Mr.  G.  Tucker,  gr.  to  Major 
W.  P.  Clarke,  was  a  good  1st  with  Stephanotis 
fioribunda,  Anthurium  Scherzerianum  var.  Veitchii, 
Statice  profusa,  Rondeletia  speciosa  major,  Ixora 
Fraseri,  and  Bougainvillea  glabra ;  2d,  Mr.  H. 
Pocock,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Haden,  Esq.,  Trowbridge. 

Mr.  Matthews  had  the  best  three  specimens,  setting 
up  in  good  character  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  Ixora 
Pilgrimi,  and  Erica  McNabiana  ;  2d,  Mr.  George 
Pymm,   gr.  to  Mr.  Gouldsworth,  Trowbridge. 

In  the  class  for  a  specimen  plant  displaying  superior 
cultivation,  Mr.  Pymm  was  1st,  with  a  well  grown 
and  flowered  piece  of  Cattleya  Loddigesii  ;  Mr.  F. 
Perry  being  2d,  with  a  good  specimen  of  Pilumna 
nobilis. 

The  best  new  or  rare  plant  was  Croton  Bergmanni, 
shown  by  Mr.  J.  Mould  ;  Mr.  C.  Richman,  gr.  to 
G.  L.  Palmer,  Esq.,  Trowbridge,  being  2d,  with 
Cattleya  Dominiana. 

Heaths  were  rather  small,  but  nicely  grown  and 
flowered  ;  Mr.  Matthews  was  1st,  with  six  specimens, 
Mr.  Mould  coming  in  2d. 

Gloxinias  were  decidedly  good  for  the  late  season  ; 
Mr.  G.  Richman  was  1st,  with  six  ;  Mr.  J.  Hiscox 
gr.  to  H.  B,  Rodway,  Esq.,  Trowbridge,  being  2d. 

Some  small  but  nicely  grown  and  flowered  plants 
of  Achimenes  were  staged,  Mr.  G.  Tucker  being  1st, 
and  Mr.  H.  Pocock  2d. 

Here,  as  elsewhere,  tuberous-rooted  Begonias  are 
rapidly  improving  as  exhibition  plants,  single  and 
double  varieties  being  well  shown,  the  chief  honours 
being  gained  by  Mr.  J.  Darbin,  gr.  to  G.  Tredwell, 
Bath  ;  and  Mr.  A.  A.  Walters,  Bath.  The  fine 
specimen  Petunias  usually  seen  at  Trowbridge  were 
again  in  strong  force,  trained  to  wire  trellises,  and 
carrying  striking  heads  of  capital  flowers.  Mr.  Mat- 
tock, gr.  to  J.  G.  Foley,  Esq.,  Timpley  Stoke,  had 
the  best ;  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Layard  being  2d. 

Cockscombs  were  good,  Mr.  M.  Tiley,  Bath, 
having  the  best. 

The  best  Verbenas,  trained  like  the  Petunias,  and 
making  fine  exhibition  plants,  were  staged  by  Mr, 
Mattock,  and  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Layard. 

Mr.  Tucker  had  the  best  eight  plants  of  zonal 
Pelargoniums,  finely  grown  and  bloomed  ;  Mr.  H. 
Pocock  being  2d. 

Large  and  bold  specimens  are  always  the  rule  at 
Trowbridge.  Variegated  Pelargoniums  were  also  in 
good  condition  ;  Mr.  H.  Pocock  had  the  best  six, 
and  Mr.  P.  R.  Butler,  Devizes,  the  best  four  speci- 
mens.    Balsams  were  fresh  and  good. 

FoLiAGED  Plants. 

The  best  nine  came  from  Mr.  Mould,  who  was 
strong  in  good  bushes  of  Crotons,  showing  five,  viz., 
Johannis,  Andreanus,  Queen  Victoria,  Sunset,  and 
Majesticus,  Cycas  revoluta,  Kentia  Fosteriana, 
Cocos  Weddelliana,  and  Dracaena  Shepherdi  j  2d, 
Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond,  nurseryman,  Bath. 

Coleus  were  numerous  and  good,  well  grown  and 
coloured  ;  Mr.  J.  Matthews  had  the  best  six,  Mr. 
Geo.  Pyman  being  2d. 

Ferns  and  Mosses 
are  shown  in  groups  of  fifteen,  and  there  is  always  a 
very  keen  competition  for  1st  honours  ;  on  this  occa- 
sion Mr.  Geo.  Tucker  was  awarded  the  ist  prize  ; 
Mr.  J.  Coke,  gr.  to  A.  P.  Stancourt,  Esq.,  Trow- 
bridge, being  2d.    These  groups  greatly  help  the  show 


and  being  generally  medium-sized,  well  developed 
specimens,  they  take  up  a  good  deal  of  space. 
Caladiums  were  also  in  good  form  :  Mr.  Matthews  was 
1st,  and  Mr.  H.  Pocock,  2d. 

Fuchsias. 

No  praise  can  be  too  high  for  the  fine  specimens 
shown  by  Mr.  Matthews  on  this  occasion.  It  very 
rarely  happens  that  Mr.  Lye  cannot  show,  but  from 
some  cause  he  did  not  put  in  an  appearance  on  this 
occasion.  Mr.  Matthews'  Ist  prize  six  plants,  S  feet 
in  height,  and  correspondingly  broad,  consisted  of  the 
following  dark  varieties  : — Charming,  The  Hon.  Mrs. 
Hay  and  Noel's  Favourite;  light,  ISeauty  of  Trow- 
bridge, Marchioness  of  Bath  (white  corollaed),  and 
seedling.  2d,  Mr.  H.  Pocock,  with  smaller  but  re- 
markably well  grown  and  flowered  specimens.  Mr. 
Matthews  had  the  best  four  also,  his  dark  varieties 
being  Noel's  Favourite  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Hay  : 
light  varieties.  Rose  of  Castille  and  Arabella  ;  Mr. 
G.  Tucker  being  2d.  The  Fuchsias  shown  by  amateurs 
and  cottagers,  though  smaller  in  size,  were  perfect 
as  well  grown  and  flowered  specimens.  Among 
amateurs,  Mr.  II.  Perkins  had  the  best  four  ;  among 
cottagers,  Mr.  F,  Slade  was  Ist  with  the  same  number 
of  plants. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  is  always  a  good  show  of  Dahlias  at  Trow- 
bridge, the  Society  having  made  them  a  specialty  for 
years  past.  The  best  twenty-four  varieties,  single 
blooms,  came  from  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co., 
Salisbury — a  fine  lot  of  flowers,  consisting  of  C.  E. 
Wyatt,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Prince  Bismarck,  Henry 
Walton,  Burgundy,  Muriel,  Victor,  Illuminator, 
Harry  Keith,  Colonist,  Imperial,  Rosy  Morn,  James 
Cocker,  Royal  Queen,  William  Rawlings,  Henry 
Bond,  Joseph  Ashby,  Thomas  Hobbs,  Harry  Turner, 
John  Wyatt,  Mr.  P.  Wyndham,  Sir  C.  Mills,  Mrs. 
George  Paul,  and  seedling.  2d,  Mr.  Thomas  Hobbs, 
Lower  Easton,  Bristol,  with  smaller  but  fairly  good 
blooms. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties,  Mr.  G.  Humph- 
ries, Chippenham,  was  Ist ;  and  Mr.  H.  Bush,  Bath, 
2d,  with  rather  small,  nice  flowers. 

Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  had  the  best 
twelve  fancy  varieties,  staging  Gaiety,  Pelican,  seed- 
ling, Heckford,  sport  from  Gaiety,  Mrs.  Saunders, 
Rebecca,  Hercules,  John  Forbes,  The  Rev.  J.  B. 
M.  Camm,  Salamander,  and  Miss  Letty  Large.  2d, 
Mr.  G.  Humphries. 

The  Society's  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to 
the  following  seedling  Dahlias,  shown  by  Messrs. 
Keynes  &  Co.  : — Victor,  rich  maroon,  very  fine  form 
and  excellent  centre  ;  Defiance,  pale  ruby-scarlet, 
perfect  in  petal,  centre,  and  outline  ;  and  Colonist, 
fawn,  tinted  with  gold,  the  petals  slightly 
suffused  with  magenta,  and  having  a  nice  edge  of 
magenta-purple  :  a  very  novel  and  distinct  flower. 
Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  also  had  Illuminator,  shaded 
crimson,  the  tips  of  the  petals  orange  and  gold,  large, 
full,  but  somewhat  retlexed,  yet  very  bright  and 
novel  ;  Crimson  King,  bright  crimson ;  and  Golden 
Eagle,  yellow  ground,  pencilled  and  edgrd  with 
crimson-purple — novel  and  distinct. 

Single  Dahlias  were  shown  in  stands  of  twelve 
blooms.  Mr.  A.  A.  Walters,  florist,  Bath,  was  Ist, 
and  Mr.  W.  J.  Jones,  gr.  to  W.  J.  S.  Pope,  Esq., 
Bath,  2d  ;  but  a  certain  number  of  blooms  should  be 
stated  in  the  schedule — some  exhibitors  had  but  one 
of  each  variety,  others  had  five  or  six  flowers. 

The  best  twelve  bunches  of  pompon  Dahlias  came 
from  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co. — an  excellent  lot,  con- 
sisting of  Dora,  Catherine,  Darkness,  The  Khedive, 
Lady  Blanche,  Royalty,  Golden  Gem,  Gem,  E.  F. 
Juogker,  Favourite,  White  Aster,  and  a  seedling, 
red  tipped  with  white. 

Roses. 

These  were  a  good  feature  for  the  season  of  the 
year.  The  best  twelve  varieties,  three  trusses  of 
each,  came  from  Mr.  J.  Mattock,  Oxford,  who  had 
Maurice  Bernardin,  Horace  Vernet,  Merveille  de 
Lyon,  Duchess  of  Bedford,  La  France,  Emile 
Hausberg,  Catherine  Mermet,  Madame  Victor 
Verdier,  Perle  des  Jardins,  Xavier  Olibo,  and  Marie 
Van  Houtte.  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd,  Bath,  was  2d  ;  and 
Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling  &  Son,  Bath,  3d. 

With  twenty-four  single  blooms,  distinct,  Mr. 
Mattock  was  again  Ist,  with  good  examples  of  Horace 
Vernet,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Alfred  Colomb,  Innocenta 
Pirola,  Dupuy  Jamain,  Le  Havre,  Marie  Verdier, 
Duchess  of  Bedford,  Charles  Darwin,  Madame 
Berard,  Duchess  of  Teck,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Devienne  Lamy,  and  Jean  Dueher.  2d,  Messrs.  Geo, 
Cooling  &  Son  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  J.  Gibbs,  Salisbury. 

In  the  amateur  class,  Mr.  Budd  had  the  best 
trebles  ;  Mr.  G.  Warden,  the  Gardens,  Clarendon 
Park,  Salisbury,  being  2d. 

Asters. 
Both  the   quilled   and    Sat-petalled  varieties  were 
numerous   and    fine  :    Messrs.    A.    P.    Walters,    G. 
Cooling   &    Sons,    and   G.    Gairaw,ay,    all   of  Bath," 


appear  to  have  strains  of  quilled  Asters  of  great 
beauty  and  variety  ;  they  were  much  superior  to 
anything  we  have  before  seen  this  season. 

Hollyhocks,  Gladioli,  Pansies,  Pelargoniums,  Car- 
nations and  Picotees,  Verbenas,  &c.,  all  in  a  cut 
state,  were  numerous  and  good. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties  of  cut  flowers, 
Mr.  Iggulden,  Marston  House  Gardens,  was  1st  with 
a  remarkably  good  stand ;  Mr.  F.  Perry,  Shire- 
hampton,  Bristol,  being  2d. 

In  the  amateurs'  and  cottagers'  divisions  cut  flowers 
were  also  remarkably  good. 

Miscellaneous. 

One  interesting  feature  was  special  prizes  for  British 
wild  flowers  collected  within  twelve  miles  of  Trow- 
bridge, and  botanically  named.  Mr.  John  Shellard, 
Combe  Hay,  was  1st,  with  an  excellent  collection  ; 
Miss  Mann,  Trowbridge,  being  2d. 

Collections  of  hardy  annuals. !in  twelve  varieties,  for 
which  special  prizes  were  offered,  were  also  well 
shown. 

Table  decorations  of  garden  and  also  of  wild  flowers, 
bouquets,  memorial  wreaths,  and  button-holes,  were 
in  excellent  character  ;  indeed,  the  cut  flower  classes 
would  of  themselves  have  made  an  exhibition  of  an 
extensive  and  superior  characterj;  owing  to  such  a 
large  increase  in  the  number  of  entries,  they  were 
inconveniently  crowded. 

Fruit. 

The  fruit  department  was  the  only  one  in  which 
the  show  may  be  said  to  have  shown  a  falling  off.  The 
best  collection  of  ten  dishes,  Pine  excluded,  was 
shown  by  Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Long,  Esq., 
M.P.,  Rood  Ashton,  Trowbridge,  who  had  very  good 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Foster's  Seedling  Grapes, 
Violette  Hative  and  Hale's  Early  Peaches,  Elruge' 
Nectarines,  Moor  Park  Apricots,  Brown  Turkey 
Figs,  and  two  varieties  of  Plums  ;  zd,  Mr.  H.  Prosser, 
gr.  to  A.  Laverton,  Esq.,  Westbury,  whose  collec- 
tion was  a  poor  one  compared  with  Mr.  Miller's,  but 
the  2d  prize,  being  low  in  amount,  it  was  awarded. 

Some  good  Grapes  were  staged.  In  the  class  for 
any  Black,  not  Muscat,  Mr.  C.  Warden,  gr.  to  Sit 
F.  H.  Bathurst,  Bart.,  Clarendon  Park,  Salisbury, 
was  Ist,  with  very  good  Black  Hamburgh  ;  Messrs. 
D.  Evry  &  Sons,  Bath,  being  2d,  with  Alicante. 

The  best  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  not  Muscats, 
were  Buckland  Sweetwater,  from  Mr.  A.  Young,  gr. 
to  A.  Thomas,  Esq.,  Clifton,  Bristol;  Mr.  Iggulden 
being  2d,  with  Foster's  Seedling,  nicely  turned  out, 
but  a  little  small  in  berry. 

In  the  class  for  Black  Muscats  Mr.  H.  Clark, 
Roundway  Park,  was  Ist,  with  fairly  good  Madres- 
field  Court  ;  Mr.  Iggulden  being  2d  with  the  same 
variety.  The  last  named  had  the  best  two  bunches 
of  White  Muscats,  good  alike  in  bunch  and  berry  ; 
Mr.  J.  Loosemore,  gr.  to  W.  Cowper,  Esq.,  Clifton, 
being  2d. 

Mr.  Thomas  King,  gr.  to  R.  Valentine  Leach, 
Esq.,  Devizes  Castle,  was  Ist,  with  a  dish  of  six 
Peaches,  staging  excellent  Dr.  Hogg  ;  Mr.  T.  Keevil, 
Bockington,  being  2d,  with  Barrington. 

The  best  dish  of  six  Nectarines  came  from  Mr.  Iggul- 
den, who  had  excellent  fruit  of  Lord  Napier ;  2d, 
Mr.  Thomas  King,  with  Balgowan. 

Melons  were  well  shown,  but  did  not  call  for  any 
special  remark. 

The  Rev.  C.  C.  Layard  had  the  best  dish  of  Moor 
Park  Apricots  ;  Mr.  G.  Tucker  being  2d. 

A  good  number  of  Plums  were  shown,  among 
them  some  excellent  fruit  of  Green  Gage  :  Mr.  G, 
Garraway  being  Ist,  and  Mr.  M.  Tiley,  Bath,  2d. 

Culinary  Apples  were  very  good  indeed,  the 
leading  sorts  being  Lord  Suffield,  New  Hawthorn- 
den,  Emperor  Alexander,  Warner's  King  and  Tower 
of  Glamis.     Dessert  Apples  were  decidedly  good. 

The  best  dessert  Pears  were  represented  by  Jargo- 
nelle, Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Windsor,  and  Muir- 
fowl's  Egg. 

The  best  table  decoration,  composed  of  fruit  and 
flowers,  came  from  Mr.  E.  T.  Hill,  Westbury. 

In  the  cottager's  department  hardy  fruits  were 
extensively  and  finely  shown. 

The  show  of  vegetables  in  all  the  divisions  a  large  one ; 
so  largely  were  they  contributed  that  it  was  difficult 
to  find  room  for  them.  Mr.  A.  Miller  had  the  best 
collection  of  nine  dishes  ;  Mr.  Thomas  Evry,  Bath- 
easton,  being  2d. 

In  the  gardeners'  division  Cucumbers,  Cauli- 
flowers, Potatos,  Onions,  Peas,  Carrots,  Parsnips, 
Celery,  Turnips,  Cabbages,  French  Beans,  Marrows, 
and  herbs  were  in  rare  form. 

In  the  cottagers'  tent  the  display  was  even  more 
striking.  One  class  was  for  a  basket  of  Potatos  of 
various  kinds.  One  cottager  had  a  collection  of 
thirty-eight  varieties  in  a  long  shallow  box  ;  another 
had  one  with  nearly  thirty  varieties,  many,  it  is  to  be 
feared,  unworthy  the  garden  room  afforded  them. 
Potatos  in  single  dishes  of  half  a  peck  were  seen  to  the 
best  advantage.  The  leading  coloured  round  varieties 
were — The  Dean,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Reading  Russet, 
and  Emperor  ;    the  leading  coloured  kidneys — Prize-' 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


283 


taker,  Reading  Ruby,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  and  Won- 
derful Red.  Tlie  leading  white  round  was  School- 
master ;  and  of  white  kidneys— Chancellor,  Wood- 
stock Kidney,  and  International.  The  judges  must 
have  had  a  heavy  task,  and  they  well  deserved  the 
luncheon  given  them  by  the  committee  at  the  close  of 
their  arduous  labours. 


BASINGSTOKE   HORTICULTURAL: 

August  ig. 
The  tenth  annual  exhibition  of  the  above  Society 
was  held  in  "  The  Goldings,"  a  space  specially  well 
adapted  for  a  flower  show.  The  show  on  the  whole 
was  a  capital  one,  the  only  classes  which  showed  any 
falling  off  were  one  or  two  devoted  to  plants,  owing 
to  possible  exhibitors  being  at  other  show?.  Still 
there  was  enough  to  make  an  attractive  exhibition. 
Black  Grapes  were  excellent,  while  the  vegetables  in 
all  the  classes  were  of  very  superior  character,  parti- 
cularly the  collection  of  twelve  in  the  open  clasF. 
Cut  flowers  were  of  much  merit,  and  the  various 
epergnes,  &c.,  were  dressed  with  much  taste. 

Plants. 

The  principal  class  for  plants  was  that  where  the 
1st  prize  was  given  by  the  President,  W.  W.  Beach, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  for  a  collection  of  twelve  to  be  either  in 
or  out  of  bloom.  Mr.  Bowman,  gr.  to  C.  Hoare, 
Esq.,  Hackwood,  was  placed  ist,  with  a  freely 
flowered  specimen  Eucharis  amazonica,  Allamanda 
Henderson!,  a  healthy  Cycas  revoluta,  and  a  well 
coloured  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  as  his  best  ;  Mr.  J. 
Dauncey,  gr.  to  J.  B.  Stone,  Esq.,  Buckfleld,  was  2d, 
his  best  being  Cocos  Weddelliana  and  Allamanda 
Schottii, 

A  special  class,  provided  by  Major  J.  May,  for 
gardeners  in  smaller  places  than  the  preceding  class, 
brought  out  even  better  specimens  than  did  the 
former,  the  conditions  being  the  same.  Mr.  B. 
Tripp,  gr.  to  S.  Field,  Esq.,  Goldings,  easily  carried 
off  Ist  honours  with  Latania  borbonica,  of  good  size 
and  healthy  ;  Areca  lutescens,  and  a  richly  flowered 
and  nicely  coloured  specimen  of  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fourianum  as  his  best  plants  ;  Mr.  Thompson,  gr.  to 
Captain  Boland,  Down  Grange,  was  2d,  he  also 
having  clean  healthy  plants. 

Single  specimens  were  freely  shown,  Mr.  Bowerman 
taking  the  lead  with  Eucharis  amazonica,  in  capital 
condition  ;  2d,  Mr.  T.  Weaver,  gr.  to  W.  W.  Beach, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  Oakley  Hall,  Basingstoke  ;  while  three 
equal  3d  prizes  were  also  awarded. 

Mr.  Weaver  staged  the  best  exotic  Ferns,  his  six 
specimens  being  all  in  the  best  health  possible ;  Mr. 
Bowerman  2d,  Mr.  Thompson  3d. 

Groups. 
For  the  best  group,  arranged  for  effect,  Mr.  Weaver 
was  easily  best  ;  the  plants  used  were  of  a  rather 
larger  size  than  those  generally  chosen  for  the  like 
purpose,  still  they  were  used  judiciously,  and  all  were 
in  capital  condition  ;  some  tine  plants  of  Pancratium 
fragrans,  in  small  pots,  with  one  immense  spike  to 
each,  made  a  feature  in  this  group,  which  was  neatly 
margined  with  Caladium  argyrites  and  Maidenhair 
Fern.  Mr.  B.  Tripp,  gr.  to  S.  Field,  Esq.,  was 
2d,  but  his  plants  were  arranged  too  flatly,  giving  the 
group  a  too  even  appearance  ;  otherwise  the  plants 
were  in  capital  condition  for  the  purpose.  3d,  Mr. 
T.  Holdaway,  gr.  to  Major  J.  May. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Asters  were  in  strong  force,  both  the  quilled  and 
the  plain  sections.  For  the  former  Mr.  ICneller,  gr. 
toW.  S.  Portal,  Esq.,  Malshanger,  was  1st,  staging 
Betteridge's  varieties  in  good  condition ;  2d,  Mr. 
Lye,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  Lydmonton  ; 
3d,  Mr.  Thompson. 

Mr.  Kneller  was  again  1st,  staging  good  flowers  in 
the  plain-flowered  section. 

Mr.  Bowerman  had  the  best  twelve  bunches  of 
cut  flowers,  which  included  good  Ixoras,  Lapagerias, 
and  Stephanotis. 

Fruit. 

The  best  collection  of  eight  varieties  was  staged  by 
Mr.  Weaver,  his  best  dishes  being  Buckland  Sweet- 
water and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  La  Favorite 
Melon,  and  excellent  Morello  Cherries ;  2d,  Mr. 
Thompson. 

For  the  best  six  dishes.  Pines  excluded,  Mr.  Jones, 
gr,  to  H.  Harris,  Esq.,  Steventon,  Basingstoke,  who 
had  good  Black  Hamburgh  and  Foster's  Seedling 
Grapes,  Pine-apple  Nectarines,  Morello  Cherries, 
and  Jargonelle  Pears  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Best. 

For  theee  bunches  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Mr. 
Bowerman  was  easily  1st,  staging  excellent  samples, 
large  both  in  bunch  and  berry  and  well  finished  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Jones,  equal  in  quality,  but  lacking  a  trifle  in 
size  ;  3d,  Mr.  Weaver. 

For  three  bunches  any  other  black  Mr.  Best  was 
1st  with  very  6ne  Black  Prince  ;  2d,  Mr.  Jones  ;  and 
3d,  Mr.  Lye. 

Mr.  Weaver  staged  the  best  three  bunches  of  white 


Grapes,  Muscats  excluded,  with  Buckland,  Sweet- 
water, good;  both  in  berry,  bunch,  and  colour  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Kneller,  with  bunches  having  larger  berries,  but 
not  so  well  coloured ;  3d.  Mr.  G.  Best.  Mr. 
Dauncey  had  the  best  green- flesh  Melon  and  Nectar- 
ines, while  the  best  scarlet-flesh  Melon  and  Plums 
were  staged  by  Mr.  Bowerman. 

Vegetables. 

The  best  collection  of  twelve  varieties  was  staged 
by  Mr.  Bowerman,  and  grand  they  were,  so  clean 
were  the  samples,  it  would  be  difficult  to  surpass  them 
as  a  whole  ;  Mr.  Dauncey  followed  with  an  excellent 
collection  ;  3d,  Mr.  Lye.  Mr.  Dauncey  had  the  best 
collection  of  nine  varieties  of  Potatos,  medium  sized, 
even,  clean  samples.  In  the  class  for  spring  sown 
Onions,  some  extra  good  Rousham  Park  were  shown 
by  Mr.  Kneller  for  ist  prize. 

Messrs.  Sutton,  Reading,  staged,  not  for  com- 
petition, an  excellent  assortment  of  cut  flowers  of 
annuals  and  perennials,  which  were  much  admired. 


NARBOROUGH,  ENDERLEY    AND  DIS- 
TRICT   HORTICULTURAL. 

The  fifth  annual  show  was  held  on  Thursday, 
August  19,  when  the  exhibits  were  pronounced  by 
the  judges  to  be  above  average.  The  weather  was 
most  unfavourable,  and  as  a  consequence  a  heavy  loss 
falls  upon  the  Society.  Some  excellent  Roses  were 
shown  by  Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  of  Coventry, 
and  Mr.  Frettingham,  of  Beeston  Nurseries,  Notting- 
ham. Mr.  Warner  also  sent  some  fine  Dahlias  and 
Roses  for  non-competition.  The  cottagers'  class 
was  excellent,  and  the  vegetables  and  fruit  of  the 
other  classes  very  fair  for  the  season.  Mr.  Redford, 
gr.  to  J.  G.  Simpkin,  Esq.,  showed  some  very  fine 
Grapes.  A  special  prize,  given  by  Messrs.  Harrison, 
seedsmen,  of  Leicester,  for  Potatos,  drew  forth  a 
strong  competition,  and  the  exhibits  were  admirable. 
Mr.  Davies,  gr.  to  Captain  C.  G.  Drummond,  of 
Enderby  Hall,  and  Mr.  J.  Exton,  gr.,  Narborough 
Hall,  staged  some  plants,  &c.,  for  non-competition. 
W.  L. 


Robert  Lord. — Cultivators  of  the  Carnation  and 
Picotee,  and  especially  those  who  are  exhibitors  at 
the  three  leading  exhibitions  held  annually,  will  learn 
with  pain  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Robert  Lord,  of  Hole 
Bottom,  Todmorden,  which  took  place  on  the  l8th 
inst.,  after  a  brief  illness.  Mr.  Lord,  who  had  been 
to  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Carnation  and  Picotee 
Union — of  which  he  was  a  promoter  and  active  sup- 
porter— at  Oxford  on  the  3d  inst.,  unhappily  con- 
tracted a  chill  on  his  return  journey,  which  resulted 
in  inflammation  of  the  brain  and  death. 

Mr.  Robert  Lord  was  born  at  Todmorden  on 
January  2,  iSiS,  and  he  commenced  growing  Car- 
nations and  Picotees  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  and  sub- 
sequently cultivated  the  Tulip,  show  Auricula, 
Pink,  Pansy,  Dahlia,  &c.,  but  latterly,  Carnations, 
and  Picotees  and  Auriculas  only  were  grown  by  him. 
But  he  was  a  representative  florist  in  the  best  sense 
of  the  term.  Trained  to  the  sister  art  of  music — for 
up  to  the  year  1880  he  followed  the  profession  of  a 
teacher  of  singing— having  in  the  prime  of  life  an 
excellent  tenor  voice,  which  placed  him  in  the  front 
rank  of  local  musicians  ;  gifted  with  a  keen  sense  of 
the  beautiful,  a  rare  power  of  accurate  'observa- 
tion, his  work  was  of  the  highest  order,  and 
his  judgment  solid  and  matured,  in  him  florists 
had  an  example  worthy  of  all  admiration.  He 
had  made  Hole  Bottom — a  strange  misnomer  for  a 
site  600  feet  above  the  immediate  valley,  but  it  was 
an  old  disused  quarry — an  historic  name  for  the 
beauty  of  its  productions  ;  and  as  he  lay  so  near  to  his 
end  his  flowers  were  obtaining  Ist  honours  as  recorded 
in  our  last  week's  report,  at  the  annual  exhibition 
of  the  National  Carnation  and  Picotee  Society 
(Northern  Division)  at  Manchester  on  the  14th  inst. 

Mr.  Lord  was  the  raiser  some  ten  years  since  of  a 
batch  of  beautiful  Picotees,  which  hold,  and  are 
likely  to  continue  to  hold,  so  long  as  they  can  be 
grown,  a  first  place  in  the  estimation  of  the  intelligent 
florist.  Writing  of  one  of  these — Zerlina — in  his 
descriptive  list,  recently  published,  Mr.  Dodwell 
says  : — "  Last  upon  my  list,  but  amongst  the  very 
first  in  my  regard,  from  the  same  pod  of  seed  with 
Alice,  Ann  Lord,  Minnie,  and  Fanny,  it  is  impos- 
sible, as  I  have  previously  said  of  these  flowers,  to 
exaggerate  their  excellence  or  over-exalt  their 
quality.  Raisers  in  all  generations  may  strive,  as 
they  assuredly  will,  and  they  may  develope  new  forms 
and  shades  of  colour,  or  combinations  of  colour  ;  but 


they  will  never  surpass  the  richness  of  quality,  stout- 
ness of  substance,  distinctness  of  markings  smooth- 
ness of  edge  and  surface,  symmetry  of  form,  or  breadth 
of  petal  which  distinguish  them  and  other  fine 
varieties.  No  one  with  even  a  smattering  of  know- 
ledge of  the  wonderful  diversity  possible  to  Nature, 
and  the  beauty  to  be  found  in  her  productions,  could 
think  of  putting  a  limit  to  her  power,  but  in  the 
directions  indicated,  it  may  be  permitted  for  the 
finite  to  speak  with  confidence."  He  also  raised 
rose-flaked  Carnation  Mrs.  Dodwell  ;  and  the  follow- 
ing Picotees  in  addition  to  those  named  :— Red  F.  D. 
Horner,  Nymph,  Cynthia,  Miss  Lord,  Miss  Lee,  and 
Mrs.  Lord.  His  old  and  attached  friend,  Mr.  E.  S. 
Dodwell,  named  after  him  one  of  the  best  scarlet 
bizarres  he  has  raised. 

About  five  years  ago  Mr.  Lord  commenced  business 
as  a  grower  of  Carnations  and  Picotees  in  con- 
junction with  his  son  Tom,  by  whom,  in  conjunction 
with  his  family,  the  business  will  be  carried  on  in 
the  future.  This  season  they  have  fully  a  thousand 
pots  contain  3000  to  4000  plants. 

For  many  years  he  was  the  choir-master  of  the 
Musical  Union,  and  afterwards  of  the  Musical  Society 
of  Todmorden.  He  also  taught  singing  in  the 
Messrs.  Fieldens'  Schools,  and  for  a  long  period  of 
forty-three  years  he  was  choir-master  at  the  Unitarian 
Chapel.  R.  D. 


Cfee  Mealier. 

STA  TE  OF  THE  IVEA  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  August  25,  1886. 


Hygromt- 
trical    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  7th 
Edition. 

i 

a 

Basometer. 

Teupbrature  op 
THE  Air. 

Wind. 

I 

1 

u         i 

S      'a 

s 

.3 

1 

Aug. 

In. 

In. 

0 

^ 

„ 

. 

„ 

I  In. 

■9 

2<>g8 

-1-0.1964.0 

54 -0 

10.0 

58.S 

— 24 

58.0  98 

N.W.    o.M 

m 

30.06 

-t-o.2668.0 

48.5 

'9  5 

S8.4 

-   2.4 

52,7 

81 

N.W. 

0.00 

31 

2g.qi 

-1-OI0  73.0J48.OJ2S.0 

60.3 

-   0.4 

579 

92 

N.W. 

0.00 

» 

29  85 

i-Oi04  7S.O 

560 

.9  0 

64.2 

■4-35 

57  0 

78 

N.E, 

0.00 

33 

29  84l-fo.02  7O.S 

S5  0 

.55 

61  6 

-4-  09 

57  2 

85 

N.E. 

0.00 

24 

29-77  — <>-»6|74.5 

57.0 

17-5 

648 

+  4-257,0 

76 

N.E. 

O.OO 

25 

29,87  j-)-0.03 

73.9 

S5  5 

.7.463,4 

+  2.9539 

7' 

W. 

0  00 

Meao 

29.  go, -(-0.08 

'11 

53.4 

17,761.6 

1 

-t-  0.9  56.2 

83 

N.W  : 

N.E. 

0..0 

Aug.  19. — A  very  dull   day,   the  air 

—  20. — A  fine  day. 

—  21. — -\  very  fine  day. 

—  22.— The  morning  was  dull,  aftei 
-~  23. — A  fine  day. 

—  24.— A  fine  warm  day. 

—  25. — A  fine  day  throughout,  at  ti 


trds  fine  and  bright. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  21,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30  inches  at 
the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.17  inches  by  the 
morning  of  the  15th,  decreased  to  29.87  inches  by  9 
p  M.  on  the  l6th,  increased  to  30.25  inches  by  9 
A.M.  on  the  20th,  and  was  30.03  inches  at  the  end  of 
the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.11  inches,  being  0.22 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.13  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  73°  on  the  21st  ;  the  highest 
on  the  i8th  was  62°.2.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  66°. 9. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  48°  on 
the  2ist ;  the  on  the  i6th  was  s6°o.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  51°.  6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
25°  on  the  2ist ;  the  smallest  was  10°  on  the  i6th 
and  19th.     The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  60".  8  on  the 
15th;  61°  on  the  i6th  ;  57°.4  on  the  17th;  57°.? 
on    the    iSth ;    5S°.5    on  the  19th ;    58'.4    on    the 


284 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  28,  1886. 


20th  ;  and  6o°.3  on  the  21st.  These  were  all  below 
their  averages  by  o^.g,  o°.4,  3°.S,  3°.3,  '^.^^  2'.4, 
and  o*'.4  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  59°.  2, 
being  i°.5  lower  than  last  week,  and  I^9  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  126°  on  the  i6th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  II0^7. 

Rain  fell  on  2  days  to  the  amount  of  0.19  inch, 

England:  Temperature.  —  During  the  week  end- 
ing August  21,  the  highest  temperatures  were  77°.  i 
at  Cambridge,  74*  at  Sunderland,  and  73°  at  Truro, 
Bristol,  Blackheaih,  and  Newcastle  ;  the  highest  at 
Preston  was  69*,  at  Liverpool  69°. 2,  and  at  Bradford, 
7o°.2.     The  general  mean  was  7i°'8. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were 42.°!  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, 43"  at  Hull,  and  45°  at  Truro  ;  the  lowest  at 
Bradford  was  52°.8,  at  Bristol  52^  and  at  Liverpool 
51°.  6.     The  general  mean  was  48".  i. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  3i°.6,  at 
Wolverhampton  29°.5,  and  at  Hull  29°;  the  least 
ranges  were  17°. 4  at  Bradford,  I7'',6  at  Liverpool, 
and  18'  at  Preston.     The  general  mean  was  23°.7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  7i°.4.  at  Brighton  69°. 2,  and  at 
Leeds  68^ ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle  63"  6,  at  Liver- 
pool 64. °5,  and  at  Sunderland  65°.  The  general 
mean  was  67^ 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Bradford,  56',  at  Preston,  55^8,  and  at 
Liverpool,  55°.7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhcimp- 
ton  50°.  I,  at  Hull  5o°.4.  and  at  Cambridge  5o°.8. 
The  general  mean  was  53°.  3. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
20''.6,  at  Brighton  xd'^,  at  Wolverhampton  15^8  ; 
and  was  smallest  at  Liverpool  8^8,  at  Bradford  and 
Newcastle  10"  i.     The  general  mean  was  13  "7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton 
59°.5.  at  Plymouth,  Cambridge,  Sheffield,  Leeds,  and 
Sunderland,  59^4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, s6\3,  at  Hull,  56".6,  and  at  Newcastle  s6°.8 
The  general  mean  was  58. "6, 

^am.— The  largest  rain  fall  was  at  Cambridge, 
1.76  inch,  at  Sunderland  1.15  and  at  Hull  1. 1 1  inch. 
The  smallest  falls  were  o'lg  inch  at  Plymouth  and 
Blackheath,  and  0.24  inch  at  Brighton.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.63  inch. 

Scotland:  Temperature.— Vi^xx^^  the  week  end- 
ing August  2ist,  the  highest  temperature  was  75'' 
at  Aberdeen,  the  highest  at  Greenock  was  69° 
The  general  mean  was  79°.8. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  39''  at 
Aberdeen  ;  at  Dundee  the  lowest  was  46^7.  The 
general  mean  was  43°.5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh, 
58°.9  ;  and  lowest  at  Glasgow,  57°.  The  general 
mean  was  57°.6. 

iPam.— The  largest  fall  was  o  78  inch  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  was  0.06  inch  at  Edinburgh. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  o  27  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


*^ He  that  questioneth  mnch  sJiall  learn  much."— BacOS, 

"Jumping  Bettle."  — My  employer  has  just  in- 
formed me  of  a  plant  under  the  above  name,  which 
was  growing  in  his  Berkshire  gardens  so  long  ago  as 
fifty  years  ;  presumably  a  herbaceous  plant,  having  pods 
somewhat  like  those  of  Peas,  only  very  much  smaller, 
and  nearly  transparent  when  ripe,  and  which  when 
pressed  between  the  finger  and  thumb  at  that  stage  of 
growth  instantly  vanished  with  a  little  puff,  and  leaving 
not  a  particle  of  the  pod  behind  !  I  shall  ieel  much 
obliged  if  any  of  the  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronide 
can  give  me  any  information  about  this  plant— the  name, 
&c.— if  ihey  are  able  to  recognise  it  from  the  meagre 
particulars  herein  given  of  what  appears  to  be  a  very 
curious  plant.  H.  W.  W. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Alexandra  Noblesse  and  Alexander  Peaches : 
G.  S.  We  are  not  aware  that  there  is  any  difficulty  in 
fruiting  these  varieties.  The  first-named,  which  was 
raised  by  Mr.  Rivers,  is  not  subject  to  mildew,  as  is 
the  old  Noblesse.  In  case  of  these  being  shy  bearers 
in  a  house  it  would  be  advisable  to  plant  some  variety 
which  sets  freely  in  the  same  house  ;  insects  and  wind 
would  then  can7  the  pollen  from  one  to  the  other,  and 
thus  effect  a  certain  "set."  The  flowers  of  the  Mar- 
guerite seem  to  be  injured  by  wet. 


Begonias  :  G.  Stowell.  They  are  pretty,  but  no  better 

than  scores  of  seedlings  raised  at  the  nurseries. 
Books  :  H.  J.  C.     Henfrey's  Elejfientary  Course  is  the 
most  comprehensive  book  of  its  class.    The  Physiology 
you  mention  must  be  quite  out  of  date.     We  do  not 
know  the  requirements  of  the  examination  you  men- 
tion, but  we  strongly  advise  you  not  to  trust  to  book- 
knowledge,  but  to  make  yourself  practically  acquainted 
with  your  subject  as  far  as  you  can.     Practical  know- 
ledge with  most  examiners  goes  a  good  deal  further 
than  mere  cram. 
Carnations  :    D.  S.    Good  border  sorts— the  yellow 
one  is  beaten  by  Pride  of  Penshurst,  for  colour  and 
continuous  blooming.     Any  kind  like  yours  that  needs 
no  sticking  is  an  acquisition. 
Erratum. — In  our  last  number,  p.  248,  col.  c,  Messrs. 
J.  Dickson  &  Sons  were  staled  by  our  correspondent  to 
be  of  Upton  Nurseries,  instead  of  Newton. 
Esparto  Grass  :   H.  de  V.     See  Spon's  Encyclopcsdia 
of   Industrial    Arts,     Division    iii.,     p.     979   (Spon, 
16,    Charing    Cross).      Messrs.    Vilmorin,    of    Paris, 
could  probably  supply  seed. 
EuCHARis  :  Anon.  The  bloom  is  very  large.     You  will 

be  lucky  if  you  secure  it  constant. 
Fungus  :    C.  P.  R.    The  common  Stinkhorn  (PhalluS 

impudicus). 
Insects  :  Camjee.  We  have  no  experience  in  drying 
wasps'  grubs  for  food  for  birds,  and  can  give  no  rea- 
son why  they  have  turned  unusually  red  when  dried  in 
the  oven.  /.  O.  IV, 
Names  of  Plants  :  G.  5f  J-  L'*  who  send  seventeen 
specimens  for  naming,  should  show  some  mercy  on  us, 
and  remember  what  an  expenditure  of  time— and,  in 
many  instances,  money — is  involved  in  naming  plants, 
and  which  is  no  part  of  our  business,  as  Editors, 
though  we  like  to  oblige  our  correspondents  so  far 
as  we  can.  We  name  as  many  as  we  can  off-hand, 
and  must  request  that  another  time  no  more  than  six 
specimens  be  sent  at  a  time  :— i,  Thuia  gigantea  ;  2, 
Juniperus  ;  3.  Chamaecyparis  sphseroidea  ;  4.  Cepha- 
lotaxus  drupacea  ;  5,  Sedum  reflexum,  monstrous 
form  ;  6,  Sedum  Aizoon  ;  7,  Sedum  Anacampscros  ; 
8,  Sedum  rupestre  ;  9.  Saxifraga  ;  10,  Geranium  san- 
guineum  ;  11,  Geranium  sp.  ;  12,  Sedum  Telephium  ; 
13,  Sedum  spurium ;  15,  Puchsia  magellanica  ;  17. 
Picea  excelsa  var,  clanbrassiliana  ;  18,  a  dwarf 
variety  of  the  Silver  Fir,  or  perhaps  the  form  known 
as  A.  Hudsoni.  —  T.  S.  S.  i,  Lonicera  sp. — send 
when  in  flower  ;  2,  Ulmus  campestris  var.  pen- 
duU. — Corri'spondent.  Medicago  scutellata,  commonly 
called  "Snail."— ^.  M.  The  plant  you  call  Cow- 
pick  is  known  to  us  as  Venus'  Comb,  Scandex  peclen 
veneris,  a  cornfield  weed.  The  shrub  is  Platanus 
acerifolia,  probably  from  an  old  stub  or  layer. — K,  L. 
Lysimachia  vulgaris. —  W.  E.  Echinops  sph?ero. 
cephalus.— //.  J.  C.  2,  Triticum  repens;  3,  Aira 
crespitosa  ;  6,  Scirpus  silvaticus.  Oiher  labels  de- 
tached, but  we  find  among  the  specimens  Bromus 
asper  and  a  Triticum  like  T.  pungens.— /^.  N.  Athy- 
rium  Filix-fceniina  var.  Vernonife.  It  should  have 
been  sent  flat,  not  like  a  wisp  of  hay.— ^.  G.  So  far 
as  we  can  tell  from  the  leaves  your  plant  is  Chrysan- 
themum uliginosum  :  see  figure  in  our  present  issue  ; 
but  its  flowers  are  white  not  yellow. — Lilium.  i, 
leaf  not  recognised  ;  2,  Escallonia  macrantha  ;  3, 
Campanula  sp.  ;  4,  the  double  form  of  Lilium  can- 
did um. 
Palms  :  J.  C,  Shadwell.  The  Palm  foliage  is  bleached 
by  tying  it  up  whilst  growing — bleaching  it,  in  fact, 
as  Celery  is  rendered  fit  for  the  table,  by  depriving  it 
of  light. 
Peas  :  W.  G.  H.  Will  report  on  them  next  week. 
Privet  Hedge,  Copper  Beech,  and  Birch  :  H.  C 
Swan.  The  trenching  was  very  deep,  and  you  ought 
to  have  waited  a  whole  year  before  planting.  As  it 
will  doubtless  sink  still  more,  and  as  burying  up  the 
stems— as  you  would  do  by  filling  up  the  trench- 
would  prove  injurious  to  the  Beech  and  Birch  trees,  if 
not  to  the  Privet,  replanting  would  be  advisable.  If 
the  work  be  done  in  the  latter  part  of  October,  the 
plants  will  get  scarcely  any  check  from  the  operation. 
The  trench  should  be  filled  up  some  3  or  4  inches 
above  the  surrounding  ground-level,  and  the  soil, 
when  dry,  should  receive  a  good  trampling  before 
being  planted. 
Solanum    laciniatum:    H.  E.,  Ryde.    The   Potato 

disease,  without  doubt. 
Yellow-Flowered  Chrysanthemum  :    W.  Watson. 
The  colour  is  bright,  and  it  will  be  valued  for  its 
earliness. 
Worm:  D.  Whition.  Smashed  in  transit. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED, 

Emil  Liebig,  Dresden— Plants. 

Ed.  P.  Dixon,  Hull — Bulbs,  Spring  Flowers. 

James  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea, 

London — Bulbs. 
B.    S.    Williams,   Victoria  and    Paradise    Nurseries, 

Upper  HoUoway,  London — 
G.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath— Bulbs. 
A.  Rootzen  &  Son,  Overveen,  Haarlem—Bulbs. 

Communications  Received  :  —  W.  H.  B.  —  H.  Correvon, 
Geneva.— G.  H  — W.  S.— M.  Regnier.— Professor  Sargent, 
BrooUine,  Mass  — T.  B.-W,  E.  G.-P.  S.-G  B.-D.  M. 
(with  thanks).-H.  Pollett.-J.  V.  &  Sons.— D.  M.  (with 
thank^X-G.  B.— J.  J-  F.-H.  W.-J.  H.  G.-A.  C.-J.  C. 
W.-Hy  M.-B.-W.  H.  B.-J.  C.  A.-W.  E.-T.  W.  M. 


SJarhtts, 


CO  VENT    GARDEN,    August   26. 

[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 


Our  market  remains  as  last  week,  with  supplies 
heavy,  especially  Plums.  James  Webber^  Wholesale 
Apple  Market. 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apple; 


K-sieve  ..    16-36 

l,hemes,  >^-sieve  ..   30-80 

Currants,  J^-sieve  . .  20-26 

Figs,  per  dozen  . .    10-16 

Grapes,  per  lb.  ..06-20 
Kent  Filberts,  per  lb.    08     .. 

Lemons,  per  case  ..18  0-36  o 


Melo. 


.  d. 


Peaches,  per  dozen...  2  o-io  ( 
Pears,  per  dozen  ..  i  o-  1  1 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  2  o-  ;?  1 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  &-  8  < 
Plums,  M-sieve      ..    i  o-  2  ( 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz.. 
Aubergines,  each  . . ' 
Bean;,,  Kidney,  lb... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen 
Carrots,  per  bunch..  > 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz. 
Celery,  per  bundle.. 
Cucumbers,  each  . . 
Endive,  per  dozen  . . 
Herbs,  per  bunch  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . . 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.. 


Mint,  green,  bunch  c 
Mushrooms,  punnei  1 
Mustard  and  Cress. do. c 
Onions,  per  bushel..  . 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  ; 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    . .    t 

Shallots,  per  pound.,  t 
Spinach,  per  bushel  ; 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  1 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  1 
Veget.   Mar.,  each. .  < 


Potatos  : — All  markets  i 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Price.':. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  a-i8  o 
Balsams,  per  dozen  30  60 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  - .  12  0-18  o 
Calceol.irias,  pe^  doz.  40-80 
Cockscombs,  dozen  30-60 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  .  .30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

Evergreens,   in  var., 

per  dozen..  ..  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsia's  dozen  .'.'  30-6 
Gladioli,  12  pots  ..  6  o-  g 
Hydrangeas,  doz.  ..  6  o~i2 
Lilies,  iu  var.,  doz. .  ,12  0-30 
Lobelias,  per  dozen  30-4 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-12 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  40-6 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  0-12 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  30-6 
Petunias,  dozen  ..20-6 
Rhodanthes,  dozen..  60-9 


Flow 


Bouvardias,  per  bun.  c 
Carnations,  12  bun.  ■ 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  i 
Daisies,  common,  12 

bunches     ..  ..   : 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  : 
Forge  t-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  : 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  1 
Heliotrope,     12     spr.   ( 

Lapageria.red.  12  bl.  : 
Lavender,  12  bun.  .-   ; 


-Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Marguerites,    per   la 

bunches     ..  . .  3  o-  < 

Mignonette,  12  bun.  i  o-  ; 
Pansies,  12  bunches  i  o-  ; 
Pelargoniums,  ptr  12 


Lilii 


■  bio 


—  scarlet,  iz  trusses  o 
Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  2 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o 

—  red,  per  dc 


3-  < 


utdo. 


12  bu 


I  spys. 


Stepha 

Sweet  Pea; 

Sweet  Sultan,  12  bun.  : 

Tropieolums,  12  bun.  : 

Tuberoses,  u  blms..  c 


SEEDS. 

London  :  August  25. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report  a 
moderate  amount  of  business  passing  in  those  articles 
required  for  antumn  sowing.  New  Enjjlish  and  French 
Trifoliums  continue  in  active  request  at  Monday's  figiu-es. 
The  late  variety  seems  in  greater  favour  this  season. 
Supplies  of  white  Mustard  are  almost  exhausted,  and  full 
prices  are  consequently  obtained  for  the  few  lots  on  sale. 
New  Rye  and  winter  Tares  are  now  being  inquired  for, 
but  few  good  parcels  are  offering.  For  both  Hemp  and 
Canary  seed  more  money  is  asked.  Feeding  Linseed 
has  a  firmer  tendency. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane:  Aug  23. — To-day  an  advance  in 
Wheat  of  6a'.  over  last  Monday's  rates  was  mostly  paid, 
and  some  foreign  Wheats  were  held  for  is.  rise,  but  which 
was  very  rarely  obtained.  Country  flour  was  6</.  dearer, 
and  American  yi.  to  6d.  Grinding  Barley  ruled  fully 
steady.  Beans  and  Peas  were  quoted  6(/.  dearer  on  the 
week.  Common  Oats  were  less  firm,  but  sales  were  not 
forced  at  any  decline,  and  good  qualities  brought  extreme 
rates. 

Au^.  25. — The  market  this  morning  opened  firm  all 
round,  A  very  restricted  business  was  done  in  Wheat, 
and  Monday's  rates  were  not  exceeded.  The  flour  trade 
ruled  quiet  at  previous  rates.  Barley,  Beans,  and  Peas 
were  quite  firm,  with  moderate  sales.  Oats  showed  no 
quotable  change. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  August  ai  : 
— Wheat,  32J.  jd.;  Barley,  22J.  412'.;  Oats,  21J.  td.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  33J.  $d. ; 
Barley,  sxi.  ^d.  \  Oats,  soj.  \\d. 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


285 


FLOWERS  AT  CHRISTMAS. 

SUTTON'S 

BULBSforEARLY  FORCING 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS- 
SINGLE  WHITE,   finest  selected. 

,.  second  size. 

SINGLE    BLUE. 

EARLY    NARCISSI- 
DOUBLE   ROMAN. 
PAPER- WHITE. 


"  The  Bulbs  you  sent  me  are  splen- 
did. A  more  perfect  lot  It  would  be 
difficult  to  And. "-Mr.  A.  DREWERT. 
Gardener  to  A.  H  Easten,  Etq., 
Patrlngton. 


I  I 

For  full  particubrF,  see 

SUTTON'S    BULB    CATALOGUE, 

With  Coloured  and  other  Illustraiions, 
Gratis  and  Posi.free. 

SUTTON    &    SONS, 

THE        QUEEN'S        SEEDSMEN, 
BEADING. 


XVr    GORDON,  Importer  of  Orchids 

VV  .  fromALL  PARlSo/iheWOKLD.— An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
E,labli!,hed  Plar.ts  to  make  room.  The,e  have  not  yet  flowered, 
l.ilt  are  all  flowerme  plants,  and  mu-t  be  sold  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  lobe 
cbiained,  and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high 
l.iices  recently  obtained.  THK  SPECIAL  uKFER  affords  a 
PAVING  INVESTMENTtoany  one  with  glass  at  command, 
«hich  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to  W.  GtJRDoN,  The  Nurseries  Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham.  Middlesex. 

PRIMULA,  SWANLEY  RED.— Numerous 
Fiist-class  Certificates.  Much  the  largest,  highest 
c:)loured  variety,  and  best  habited  Primu'a  in  cultivation.  In 
small  pots,  ready  for  5-inch,  i,s.  per  dozen  ;  Seedlings  \s.  6d.  per 
dozen.     Special  prices  per  loo  and  loco. 

CINERARIAS.  —  Seedlings  from  March 
Past,  Victory,  and  all  the  best  named  kinds  in  cultivation, 
just  ready  for  a  5-inch  pot,  31.  ;  Seedlings,  u.  6d.  ptr  dozen, 
post-free.     Special  prices  per  100  and  1000. 

CYCLAMEN.— Strong  Plants,  just  ready  for 
a   5-inch    pot,    5^.   per  dozen.     Special  price  per    103  or 
looo.     The  finest  strain  in  Europe. 

EARLY  FLOWERING  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUMS.—Our  Collection,  the  finest  in  the  world,  is  now 
in  flower.  Plants  in  6o'5,  4^',  per  dozen,  our  selection.  Special 
price  for  large  quantities. 

CARNATION,  PRIDE  of  PENSHURST.— 
Special  prices  per  100  and  1000  plants,  sent  post-free  is. 
Strong  rooted  layers,  los.  per  dozen. 

H.     CANNELL     &     SONS, 

SWANLEY,    KENT. 

SPECIAL  OFFER  OF  HARDY  BULBS 

For  Autumn  Planting. 


POETICUS  PLENUS. 
„    POETICUS  ORNATUS,  earliest. 
ALSTROMERIA  AURANTIACA. 
ALLIUM  MOLY. 

COLCHICUM  AUTUMNALE  ALBUM. 
„    VERATRI  FOLIUM. 
„    AUIUMNALE,  fl.pl. 
LEUCOJUM  .tSTIVUM. 

„    PULCHELLUM. 
ORNITHOGALUM  UMBELLATUM. 
SCILLA  CAMPANULATA. 
„    CAMPANULATA  ALBA. 
„    CAMPANULATA  ROSEA. 
„    CAMPANULATA,  red  and  white. 
TRITELEIA  UNIFLORA. 
4S"  We  hold  large  stocks  of  the  above  In   Ml 
strong  well  matured  Bulbs. 
PRICES     ON     APPLICATION. 


F.     &     A.     DICKSON     <fc     SONS, 

THE  QUEEN'S  SEEDSMEN,  CHESTER. 

UTBUSH'S      MILL- 

TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
fid.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  i  J. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signatiue  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nuneries,  N. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  KEFUSE. 

4(f.  per  bushel ;  too  for  251.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  tons), 

aof. ;  4. bushel  bags,  4a?.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  51.   6d.    per    sack  ; 

BLACK.  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5^.  per  sack,  s  sacks  211. ;  satjcs, 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  qd.  per  bushel;  lis.  per  halt 
ton,  26J   per  ton  in  2-busheI  bags,  i,d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF. 
MOULD,  rr.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  bd.  per  sack, 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

12-oz.  Sample  Packets,  free  by  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &:c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  {,(>  61.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  15J. 
per  ton  per  Truck,  Sample  Bag,  55.  ;  5  Bags,  221.  dd.  ;  10  Bags, 
45J.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lOr.  M.  per  Bag. 
SILVER  SAND.  Coarse  or  Fine,  52s  per  Truck  ol  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  FarnborouBh   Station,  Hants. 

^EESON'S    MANURE   is   the  best  for  aU 

Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  ti.,  2J.  6j'.,  V-  t</.. 
and  toi.  fid.^  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nutsery- 
men  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbronk  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
sire,  and  gnaranieed  of  the  best  quality. 


MILDEW  on  ROSES  and  other  PLANTS, 
GREEN  FLY,  and  RED  SPIDER  can  all  be  extir- 
pated by  u«ng  Harris's  specially  prepared  SULPHIDE  of 
POTASSIUM,  of  Hhich  enough  to  make  thirty-two  gallons  of 
solution  may  be  had  post-free  tor  Oi.e  Shillirg,  from  the  Sole 
Manufacturers,  PHILIP  HARRIS  AND  CO.,  Wholesale 
Chemists,  Bull  Ring,  Birmingham.  Special  quotations  for 
large  quantities.  For  many  favourable  reports  on  the  value  of 
this  certain  remedy,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  and  other 
Gardening  Journals^ 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included  ) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5J.  t>ei  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221.  td. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   ^i.  dd.       „       5  sacks  for  2or. 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid   5J.  W.      „      5  sacks  for  25J. 

LOA  M .  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     •> 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  (.11.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  bestonly  ..     1         (sacks  uiciuded). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „        ..    ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6a  pet  bush.,  i4!.half  ton,  241.  too. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only 11.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  anest  imported        ..     &/.  fb.   28  lb.  181. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Spicialil^    W.  lb.,  2B  lb  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MUltrack  . .     51.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  6j.  per  sack. 
CHUBBS  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vegetables.&c.  Tins,  is.  6J. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3S.;  141b.,  sr.:  28  lb. .8s.;  561b.,  14s.:  icwt.,a2i. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb,  3S.;  281b.,  5s.  6rf.: 

56  lb  ,  los.  bd.:  I  cwt,  17s.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  id. 
COCOA-KUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubo's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13;. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s;  40  sacks,  30s.     Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terras,  stnctly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL   LONDON,  E. 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

Sealed  Bags  only, 


7  lb.         14  lb.        28  lb.        56  lb.        1  cwt. 


2/6      4/6       7/6      12/6     20/- 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE   MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,     LONDON,    E. 


Soluble  Paraffin 

GARDEN  INSECTICIDE 


Pints,  IS.  ;   Quarts,  is.  %d. ;  Gallons,  y.  6d. 
L.K.   TO..   FHILLIPFS  &   CO.,    DARTFORD,    KENT. 


B 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (SoD-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  Londoo,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  agaiust  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  y.,  and  loj.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

AMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

;hould  be  without  it.  Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
and  easily  manufactured. 

P.  B.  HARKIN,  Importer.  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 

ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
UUKG,  and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
PAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
B.^GS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR- 
PAULINS and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAM  ES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

Kussta  Mat3— Raffia. 

NEW   ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality,  4c.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MAREN  PAZ  AND  FISHER.  James  St. ,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

To  Kursetymen.  Seed  Merchaitts,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Piices 
free  on  application.— 4  and  5.  Woimwocd  Street,  London.  E.C. 

TO    SEEDSUBN,    FLORISTS,    <&c. 

GEORGE  HARRISON, 

1S2,    DRURY    LANE,    LONDON,    W.C, 

Five    minutes'   walk   from   Covent   Garden. 
Cheapest  House  in  London  for 

BOUQUET        WIRE. 

WHITE  WIRE  on  Keels,  ij  ^d.  per  lb.  I  ,  „.,.  ,„,l,  ,1 
BLUE  WIRE,  on  Reels,  gj^i  per  lb.  i  ••  "'"^  '° '''=  "'• 
BLUE  WIRE,  for  Stalks,  ^%d.  per  lb.,  in  3H  in.,  7  in.,  and 

BRIGHT    WIRE,    for    Camellias,     (>\id.  per  lb.,    in   7.in. 

lengths  ;  (;o)  i'Ad.  per  lb. 
BLUE  WIRE,  in  Rings,  from  4r.  per  sti.ne  of  t4  lb 

N.B.  No  less  than  31b.  packets  of  Reel  Wire,  or  61b.  packets 
of  Stalk  Wire  at  the'c  prices. 

Coloured  Illuatratlous  of  Bulbous  Flowers 
FOR   SHOP  WINDOWS. 

HOOPER'S  ILLUSTRATED  BULB 
WINDOW  TICKETS  are  an  immense  improvement 
to  the  appearance  of  Shop  Windows,  and  greatly  assist  the 
Sales.  Forty.eight  leading  varieties  now  ready,  price  gr. 
the  set. 

HOOPER  AND  CO  ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


Eyaclntlis  in  Pots. 

POTS       MADE      EXPRESSLY 
for  HYACINTHS  can  be  supplied  by 
Mr.  J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royjl  Pottery,  Weston-super-Maie. 
Price  LISTS  free. 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    RalEa,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worlt,  Manures,  &c      Cheapest  pnces  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.G. 

Boslier's  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


THE  ABOVE  anti  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  ^rtt 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  '^f 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "  grown  "  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOFCER'S  PATENT   "  ACME  "    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES:    also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  31.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces.  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F,  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I     L 


V     E      R  SAND, 

se  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 


FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Feniei 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   suppUed  at  lowest  rates  in  a 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


286 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lAUGUST  28,    1886. 


PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK,  EDINBURGH;    and  CORNBROOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and    Estimates   on  application   for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Frames   and   Sashes   in   Stock. 


DEANE  &  CO  '3  No   58  CONSEaVATORY. 


larkably  haidsom 
imposingstrucluii 
erected  complel 


Proportionate   prices   in 

LOUGHBOROUGH 
HOT-WATER  APP- 
ARATUS (fixed  com- 
plete), extra,  as  below. 
Price.  H.W  Ap. 


Size.            Price.  H.W.Ap. 

Si/.e. 

15ft.  by   9't..  £aS  10  ..  £6    5 

30ft.  by  15ft., 

20ft.  by  12ft.,      62  10  ..      b     5 

40^1.  by  i6fl., 

asfc.by  i^'i.,      88     o  ..    lo  15 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conse.vatories,  Greenhouses, 
&c..  with  Prices  lor  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS  made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE.     DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 


46A,  King 


"lO  N  D  O  n"  '  b'r  I  D  G  E  . 


TCL^fcSSHeUSESScttEATING: 


B-W-W^Of-R^UKST 


LSlA,  BBAITFORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 


I^ 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


ThisVARNISIi  IS  an  exi.tllent  buUiuute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper  It  was 
"ntroduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers  and 
genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
tators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
ufactory.  or  is.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  The  Ryleys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  >our  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  wilt  forward  me  a  cask,  as  1  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill   Ironworka,  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.G.  ;  and 
136,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


WARNER'S      Celebrated     AQUAJECTS, 
Two  Prize  Medals  awarded  Calcutta  Exhibition.  1883-4. 
Very  easy  to  work,  and  the  be-t  implement  of  its  type. 

,  Testimonials. 


ible. 


Very  simple  and  du 
Will  wear  for  years. 

Price  30s. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial 
'  In  use  20  years— it 
may  last  20  more." 
Weston-super-Mare. 
ToJ.  Warner&Sons, 

April  17.  1885. 
FromW.  EKOOKRs(l.ue 
Stephen  lUown), 
Seedsman.  Nursery- 
man and  Florist. 
Gentlemen,  —  1  have 
ent  per  rail  an  Aquaject 
1  wish  thoroiighlv  re- 
paired except  the  spread- 
r,  I  do  not  want  ihat  at- 
tached. I  have  had  it  in 
conitantly  Jor  just 
■a'S,  with  very  liitle 
repairs,  which  speaks 
well  for  it ;  and  I  think 
by  thoroughly  repairing 
ow,  it  may  last  70  more. 
Yours  respectfully, 
ngned)  W.  Brookes." 
JOHN  WARNEK  AND  bUN^,  llidraulicand  Horticultural 
Engineers,  The  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripplegate,  E.C.  ;  and 
The  Foundry  Works,  Walton- on -the- Naze,  Essex.  _  To  be  ob- 
tained 0/ every  Ironmonger  avd  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 

BOULTON   &   PAUL,    NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powerful  Garden 

Engine  combined 


This    in 

pie 

nt   t    11     most 

ii^eiul   in 

are 

-   Eardens  :    is 

fitted  with 

val 

e  and  spread- 

A  X   for  dih 

:rib 

iting  water   or 

S  iquid    ma 

Water  pots 

^L  id  pails 

ran 

be  filled  whei. 

^  h    spread 

er  ih 

1  ot  in  use. 

'    Ci  h  Pr 

ce— 

Carriage  Paid. 

^ 

J    C.mplet 

=  (3 

galls  )  ^5  lOJ. 

IRON  HOSE  KEELS 

No   66  lor  2CO  tt    %  in    tubinE  loi   id. 

No  67^01-    1  ft    ^Rin    tubing  I2i    fd. 

No   eSforjoofi    '4  in    tubing  i^r   od. 

Strong  Wrouglit  Garden  Barrow. 


Cash  Prices. 
gall.  Barrow,  with  Gal»a- 
nised  Steel  Tank,  .£1  121. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  1,1. 

36-gall.   Barrow,    with    Oak 
Tub,  {,2  21. 


BOULTON     SL    PAUL,      NORWICH. 


THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS  STOURBRIDGE. 


The  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


I.  Expansion  Jo  nt  Hot  water  Pipes  9  feet  long,  4J.  yi.  each  : 
4-in.  Socket  Hot  water  Pipes  9  feet  long    4J.  dd.  each. 
Fidl  Illuslrzi  1  Re-  sed  P         L  st  o     aliflication. 


GLASS.  — Cut  Sizes,  from  12  by  9  upwards, 
in  loo  and  200  feet  bo.\es,  in  i5-ounce  andzi-ouuce. 
A.     CUNNINGHAM    and     CO.,    Glass,     Lead,   and    Oil 
Warehou-e.  iS.  Leith  Street,  Edinbureh 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ    glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obuined  from 

GEORQE    FARMILOE    <fe    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

S4,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  B.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  afplicatim.    Quote  CkromcU, 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINK,  Totten- 
•  ham  Nurseries,  Dedemsvaart,  near  Z*olle,  Nether- 
lands, bees  to  intimate  that  he  has  a  few  VACANCIES  fcr 
YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  his 
Tuition  in  Practical  and  Theoretical  Horticuhute,  Botany, 
Botanical  Terminology,  Landscape  Gardening,  Book-keeping, 
Commercial  Correspondence  in  Dutch,  German,  French,  antl 
English-Reference  to  Mr.  TH.  S.  WARE,  The  Hale  Farm 
Nurseries.  Tottenham,  near  London. 

WANTED,  a  young  GARDENER,  well 
trained  in  the  Cultivation  of  Fl:)wets  and  the  Manage- 
ment of  a  Greenhouse.  No  Kitchen  Garden  Work.— CANoN 
LUCKOCK.  Ely. 

WANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER  for 
the  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  and  Help  in  the 
Houses  when  required.  Wages  181.  week.— GARDENER,  3. 
Charles  Terrace,  King's  Road,  Mortlake,  S  W. 

WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 
praclical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroughly  understi.nds 
Market  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men. 
Highest  references  required. — Apply  in  the  first  initance.  stat- 
ing age,  experience,  salary,  and  full  particulars,  t  J  W.  W.  J.  &  s. 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son.  Seed  Merchants.  152.  Houndtditch,  E. 

WANTED,  NURSERY  FOREMAN  and 
SALESMAN,  thoroughly  up  to  the  Propagation  and 
Growing  of  B-dding  Plants,  Florist'  Flowers.  Vines,  Koses,  and 
Ferns,  and  to  the  Culture  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  piin- 
cipally.for  Cut  Floweis  and  Decoration.  Stale  experience,  age, 
and  wages  expected— EDWARD  SANG  AND  SONS,  Nur- 
serymen.  Kirkcaldy,  N.B. 

To  Nursery  Hands. 

WANTED,  a  MAN,  accustomed  to  Layer- 
ing, also  well  up  in  Herbaceous  Plants,  expert  at 
Layering  and  Propagating  Carnations,  Fancy  Ivies.  &c. — State 
age,  wages  expected,  and  experience  to  CHAS.  KERSHAW, 
Slead  Syke  Nurseries,  Brighouse.  Yorks. 


WANTED,  MAN  and  WIFE,  no  family, 
for  Garden  and  General  Work  ;  Wile  to  help  occasionally 
in  the  House.  Cottage  and  coals  found.  —  ^polv.  stating  age, 
reference,  and  salary  required,   to  S.    F.  ARMITAGE,  Nol- 

WANT    PLACES. 

Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  AND  CO..  108.  High  Street,  Dumlries,  N.B. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS    or  GARDENERS. 

TAMES    CARTER    AND   CO.   have   at    all 

t7  times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Hotbom,  W.C. 

O    C  0"t  C  H         G  A  R  DE^N  E  R  S. 

O  -John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh,  has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

"^PO     landed"  PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 

X      McIntyrb  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  hberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens,     Plans  prepared, 
115,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
ihey  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries,  VVorcester. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept. — Understands  Gardening  in  all  its  branches, 
Stock.  &c.  Good  character  from  present  and  previous  employer, 
—J.  W  .  Lucombe.  Pince  &  Co..  Exeter.  

7:^XrI)ENER  (Head). —Age  34,  married; 

V-J  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  Thirteen  and 
a  half  years  in  last  situation.  Highly  recommended.— V.  T,, 
39,  Church  Street,  Did^bury,  Manchester. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  single ; 
thoroughly  experienced  in  Orchids  and  all  branches  of  the 
profession.  Good  reference.— R.  ALDOUS,  5,  Norlhwold 
Road,  Uoner  Clapton,  E. 

C:^ARUENER  (Head).— Age  z^,  married 
•^  one  child  (aged  8)  ;  leaving  through  place  changing 
hand^.  Excellent  references  as  to  character  and  ability. — 
GARDENER,  Chelsworth  Hal),  Suffolk,  Ipswich. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;"  age"  33,  marri^d^li^ 
family.— Mr.  S.  Gilpev,  Head  Gardener  to  B.  B. 
Booth,  Esq.,  The  Cazenove,  Upper  Clapton,  will  be  pleased  to 
recommend  a  thorough  practical  man  as  above. 


r:;  ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  39,  married,  no 

V^  family.-Messrs.  Lucombh,  Pinxe  &  Co.,  Exeter, 
would  have  great  pleasure  in  recommendirg  a  thoroughly  com- 
petent man,  as  above,  whose  character  and  ability  will  bear  the 
stricttsi  investigation. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches  ;  good 
Manager  of  men,  &c..  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  charge  of 
good  Garden  Establishment      Highly  recommended  in  every 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  28.— Mr. 
Mitchell,  Head  Gardener  to  Sir  George  Elliot.  Bart., 
M.P.,  Aberaman  Park,  Aberdare,  can  confidently  recommend 
his  Foreman  (T.  Tebby),  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  who  may 
require  a  thorough  practical  man. 


August  28,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


287 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 
Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey,  Surrey,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in 
present  situation. —  For  further  particulars  please  address  above. 

ARDENER  (Head);    age  40,  no  family,— 

Mr.  Clarkh,  Head  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale, 
Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend 
a  thoroughly  practical,  competent,  and  reliable  man,  with  excel- 
lent character.  Abstainer.  Place  of  trust  in  a  good  family  desired. 

GARDENER  (Head)  where  assistance  is 
given. — Age  28,  married  ;  experienced  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening.  Three  and  a  half  years  in  present  situation  as 
Head  Gardener  ;  leaving  through  no  fault.  Salary,  with  house, 
;£6o  per  annum.— W.  CRVER.  Streetaston  House,  Lutterworth. 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  39,  married,  no 
family. — The  owner  of  a  large  estate,  where  extensive 
works  have  been  carried  out,  can  conhdently  recommend  a  man  ; 
thoroughly  practical  in  every  branch,  and  well  qualified  to 
manage  a  large  establishment. — F,  J.,  2,  Upper  New  Street, 
Three  Bridges.  Sussex. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  several  others 
are  kept ;  age  28.— Mr.  J,  Willaed,  Head  Gardener  to 
the  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts.  Holly  Lodge,  Highgate,  N., 
would  be  pleased  to  recommend  F.  W.  Russell,  his  late  Fore- 
man, to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman,  as  above. —For  further  par- 
ticulars, please  apply  as  above;  or  to  F.  W.  RUSSELL, 
Osborne  Villas,  Felix  Road,  Ealing.  W. 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  36.— Charles 
Herrin,  for  the  past  ten  years  Gardener  to  the  late  J. 
N.  Hibbert.  Esq.,  Chalfont  Park,  seeks  a  re-engagement. 
Leaving  through  death  of  employer,  and  break-up  of  the 
establishment.  Thoroughly  practical  knowledge  in  all  depart- 
ments of  Gardening  and  Estate  Work.— C.  HERRIN,  Gerard's 
Cross,  Euckinghamshire 

ARDENER    (Head)  ;    age  30.— G.  Prit- 

CHARD,  Welbeck  Gardens.  Worksop,  offers  his  services 
to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  as  abave.  Sixteen  years' 
thorough  practical  experience  in  Cultivating  Fruit,  Flowers, 
and  Vegetables:  also  Table  and  House  Decoration.  Threa 
and  a  half  years  Foreman  in  present  situation.  Confidently 
recommended.  Previously  at  Croxteth,  Mentmore,  and  Tort- 
worth.     Moderate  wages  expected. 

ARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  more 

are  kept.  Age  35,  married,  small  family— J.  LOCK- 
YER,  Head  Gardener  to  bir  Wm.  Guise,  Bart  ,  Elmore  Court, 
Gloucester,  offers  his  services  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  hard-working  practical  man. 
Thoroughly  elScient  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  all  kinds  of 
Flowers  and  Fruit,  including  Orchids  :  highly  recommended  by 


.  &c. 


r  from  last  s 


GARDENER  (HEAD  Working);  age  31, 
married,  one  child.— A  Gentlkman  wishes  to  recom- 
mend F.  Capp  :  thoroughly  practical  and  energetic  :  three 
years' excellent  character. —F.  CAPP,    Oak  Dene,  Holmwood, 


/^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Middle- 

VJ  aged,  married,  one  child  ;  thorouijhlv  understands  Early 
and  Late  Forcing  of  all  kinds  of  Fruits,  Flowers.  Vegetables. 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good  character.— A.  B.,  i3, 
Welham  Street,  Grantham. 

/  GARDEN  ER7CHead  WorkingJ^A   mar- 

\-A  ried  couple  desire  situations,  in  a  good  e^tabli-hment,  to 
reside  in  the  house,  man  as  Head  Working  Gardener,  Wife  as 
Cook  or  Cock-housekeeper.  Understands  dairy  and  baking 
Age  35  and  33  — S  .  133.  Brixton  Hill.  S.W. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  WORKING).— Age  36  ; 
twenty-two  years*  experience  in  first-class  establishments. 
Excellent  testimonials  and  character  from  present  and  previous 
situations.  First-class  Plant  and  Fruit  Grower.  Leaving 
September  4.— GARDENER.  Old  Hall.  Highgate. 

GARDENER  (HEAD  Working)!— Middle"- 
aged,  married,  no  f.imily.  Understands  Stove,  Orchids, 
Greenhouse,  Melons,  Cucumbeis.  Good  Fruit  Grower,  under- 
stands Gardening  in  all  branches,  good  testimonials  and  refer- 
ences to  character  and  ability.— GARDENER,  25,  Sherborne 
Road,  Yeovil. 

ARDENER  (HEAD  Working).— Age  2>7\ 

married  ;  understands  Stove  aLd  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Melons,  Cucumbers,  anl  Early  and  Late  Forcing.  Good  Plant 
Grower — twenty  years'  practice  Can  forward  the  best  of 
references  and  character.— H.  TILBURY,  Hillside  Grove, 
South  gate,  N. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

or  more  are  kept. — A  bonus  of  £,t_  will  be  given  to  any 
one  who  can  procure  the  Advertiser  a  comfortable  situation  as 
above.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
Highly  recommended.  Ten  years'  excellent  character. — Apply, 
with  particulars,  to  E.  V,,  Mr.  G.  Braby,  8,  Oak  Terrace, 
Hamilton  Road.  West  Norwood,  S.E. 

ARDENER     (HEAD,     Hard- Working), 

where  help  is  given. — Age  26,  single  ;  fourteen  yeais* 
practical  experience  in  all  branches.  Can  give  the  highest 
references  for  ability,  honestv,  and  steadiness.— W.  GOLD- 
SMITH,  Polesden,  Dorking,  Surrey. ___^ 

GARDENER  ('HEAD'WORKiNG,or  thorough 
good  Single-handed) — Age  33,  married  :  thorough 
practical  experience.  Good  reference  ;  eieht  years'  previous  — 
The  Lodge,  Falconwood,  Shooter's  Hill.  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed).— Age  31,  mattied,  no  family  ;  Wife 
willing  to  assist  in  House  if  required.  Seven  years'  good  cha- 
racter. Leaving  through  family  going  away.  Disengaged  end 
of  September.- E.  EASEV.  z;,  Aberdeen  Park,  Highbury,  N. 

GARDENER  (HEAD  Working  orSECON'oX 
in  good  establishmtnt.— Well  up  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession  (prepared  to  marry  if  required).  Excellent  refer- 
ences^—JOS^^ARNOLD^_62^_E^ 

GARDENER  (Head,  or  Single-handed). 
Married,  no  family.  Experienced  in  Flowers,  Fruits, 
and  Vegetables  ;  gardening  in  all  branches.  Good  references. 
— C.  3.  White  Hart  Cottages,  Chertsey.  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head  or  Single-handed). — 
Age  27,  married,  no  family  ;  fourteen  years' experience 
in  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden  Good 
references.  — F.  FITZWATER,  6,  Selina  Cottages,  Richmond 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


GARDENER. — Married,  family  grown  up  ; 
thirty  years'  experience.  Thoroughly  practical  all-round 
man.  Experienced  in  Laying  out,  Planting,  Alterations, 
Building.  Managing  Large  Staff  of  Men,  Accounts,  Producing 
for  Markets.  References  to  noblemen,  late  employer,  and 
others.— G.  ABBEY,  Church  Lane,  St.  Neols,  Huntingdon. 


GARDENER  (Working),  either  in  Private 
Establishment  or  Market  Growers  — Age  36.  married  : 
twenty  years'  practical  experience.  First-rate  character.  — 
GARDENER,  16,  Telegraph  Street,  Stafford. 

C:j ARDENER  (good  Single-handed),  &c., 
-*  where  another  is  kept. — Age  28,  single ;  thoroughly 
experienced  in  Fruit,  Flowers  and  Vegetables.  Near  London 
preferred.  Good  references. —  F.  W,,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden,  Strand,  W  C. 

/;i  ARDENER  (Single-handed),   or  other- 

V_J  wise. — Age  30.  single  ;  thoroughly  practical.  Willing  to 
be  useful.  Highest  references  as  to  ability  and  character.— 
J.  F.,  3.  Worple  Road.  Epsom,  Surrey.  


/^ARDENER  (Single-handed),   or   where 

"— ^  help  is  given. — Age  23  ;  eleven  years'  experience.  Ex- 
cellent testimonials  from  last  situations.  Competent  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening,  Total  abstainer.— T.  G.,  Q,  Latlimore 
Road,  St.  Alban's,  Herts. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second)* 
—Age  22;  eight  years'  experience  in  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  aUo  Fruit  Growing  ,&c.  Abstainer.  Good  cha- 
racter.—G.  CUTBUSH,  Wymondhim.  Norfolk. 

/  :j,ARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). 

^^  — Age  25,  married,  no  family  ;  thoroughly  experienced 
in  Indoor  and  Outdoor  Work.  Two  and  a  half  years  in  last 
place.  Good  recommendation, — C.  P.,  30,  Cranley  Gardens, 
South  Kensington,  S.W. 


C ^ARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). 
T     —Age  2};    five  years'  experience  in  all    branches.  — W. 
BECK.  The  Gardens.  BankHal^l,  Heaton  Mersey.  Mancheste-. 

GARDENER  (Second).— Age  25  ;  ten  years' 
experience.  Thoroughly  understands  Vines,  Stove, 
Orchard,  and  other  Houses.  Good  character  and  recommenda- 
tions.- P.  martin.  Walton.  Lutte. worth.  Leicestershire. 

GARDENER  (SECOND  Kitchen),  in  a  good 
establishment. —Age  20;  go:d  reftrences.  Willing, 
energetic.  Five  years'  experience.  —  BOVCE,  The  Rectory, 
Sandon,  Chelmsford,  Essex, 

GARDENER  (Second  or  Third),  where 
more  are  kept.— Age  22  :  good  character.  Two  and  a 
halfyears  in  last  situation.  Under  glass  preferred.  — H.  F., 
1,  Stamford  Cottages,  Roehampii  n    Surrey.  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Second,   or   Under).— Age 
24,  single  ;  two  years'  good  character  from  la-st  employers 
—J^.^  I,  Lewis  Road.  ColdhaTbi>ur  Lane,  Camberwell,  S.E,' 

0:^  ARDENER  (Second), or  JOURNEYMAN 
^  in  a  Kood  establishment.  —  Age  25  :  eight  years'  ex- 
perience. Can  be  well  recommendsd.  —  G.  BAKER,  Park 
Hatch,  Godalming,  Surrey. 

/  'ARDENER  (Under  or  Single-handed). 

^  *      — Age  25.    single  ;  two  years'  good  character  ;    Indoors 
and  Out.— C.  M.,  12.  Pickett's  Street,  Balham.  S  W. 

GARDENER  (UNDER  or  Single-handed), 
in  good  establishment. — Age  21  ;  five  years' experience. 
—J,  CROi;CHER.  8,  Doods  Road,  Reigate. 


RDENER   (Under),  in   a    Gentleman's 

Garden. — Age  19  :  four  years*  good  character  from  pre- 
— M.,  I,  James  Street.  Surbiton,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Under),  orJOURNEYMAN 
under  Foreman.  — Age  20  ;  good  character.  Leaving 
through  family  going  away.  — H.  STONE,  13,  Herrick  Road, 
Highbury.  N. 

MANAGER. — Eighteen  years'  practical  ex- 
perience in  the  Management  of  Large  Market  Gardens 
and  Florist's  Business. — J.  S..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


FOREMAN.  —  Married  ;       thoroughly     expe- 
rienced in  all  branches  of  Gardening.— W.  WILLIAMS, 
Miss  Bramwell,  High  Street,  Soulhgate,  Middlesex. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  gooti  establishment.— 
Age  26  :  eleven  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— Particulars  to  E.  SANDFORD,  The 
Gardens,  Dale  Park,  Arundel.  Sussex. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good  estab- 
lishmetit. — Age  21;  nine  and  a  half  years'  experience. 
Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers. — A. 
SMITH,  The  Gardens.  Brambletye,  East  Grinslead. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
24  ;  ten  years'  expsrience  in  all  branches.  Can  be  well 
recommended  by  present  and  previous  employers.— C.  SNOW, 
The  Gardens.  Albury  Hall.  Ware.  Herts^ 


T^OREMAN,  in   the    Houses,   or   General 

-L  in  a  good  establishment. — Well  up  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession  ;  thirteen  years'  experience  in  leading  places  in  Eng. 
land  and  Ireland.— J.  S.,  Mr.  F.  Webber,  Quarry  Hill  Nur- 
sery, Tonbridge,  Kent. 


F 

OREMAN 

fG 

eneral). 

—  Married  ; 

thoroughly  expr 

enced  i 

nail  branches,  ir 

eluding  Orchids, 

X-r. 

Excellent  referen 

ces.-HORTUS,  Ston 

's  Library,  510, 

King 

s  Road,  Chelsea, 

S.W. 

To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN,  PROPAGATOR,  and 
GROWER.— Age  35  ;  twenty  years'  practical  experience 
in  Plants  and  Cut  Flowers,  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.  Good 
Salesman.  Four  years'  character  as  above.— G.  PESTRIDGE, 
5,  Orchard  Road.  Brentford. 


FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR.  — Middle- 
aged  ;  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  Trade,  Market 
or  otherwise.  Good  references. — W.  B.,  Sea  View,  Sugden 
Road,  Worthing,  Sussex. 


FOREMAN,  or  FIRST  JOURNEYMAN.— 
Age  25,  single  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  Fruit  and  Plant 
Growing.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  present  and  previous 
employers.— C.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Brookman's  Park,  Hatfield, 
Herts. 


POREMAN     PROPAGATOR,  &c.  —  Well 

,  up  m  Management  of  Glass,  Men,  Palms.  Ferns,  Choice 
and  General  Cultivations.— M. ,  Mabel  Villa,  Newrv  Road 
St.  Margaret's,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 

NU RSERY  FOREMAN,  P ROPAGATOR. 
or    MANAGER. -Well  up  in  all    Solt-wooded  Plants 
Cut  Flower  Trade,  Wreaths,  &c.     Can  take  Charge  of  Books 
of  good  address.     Open  for  an  immediate  engagement.— J    C 
Elcombe  &  Son,  Nurserymen,  Komsey.  '      " 

URSERY  FOREMAN  (Outdoors),  where 

Fruits,    Shrubs,    and    Roses,    &c  ,    are   Grown    for    the 
Trade.  — Age  30  ;    good  character.     Wages  moderate.— S    W 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office.  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.Ct 

PROPAGATOR   and    GROWE  R.— 

,w  r-  ■■??',?5  ; .  f°V""=''  1'^^^'  experience.  Good  character.— 
W.  GILLHAM,  The  Brook.  Barkley.  near  Leicester. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  the   Houses,  or   Inside 

^T  i'"'i?/''~'^Se22;  six  years' experience.  Good  character. 
— T.  G  ,  TheLodge.  Church  Lane,  Chapelallerton,  Leeds. 

TOURNEYMA"n7  InsidiTnd  Out.^Age^; 

f-'       good    character    from   last    and    previous    employers E 

CANDLER,  4,  Lenster  Stj;eet,  Cleaveland  Sq.,  Paddington.w! 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  the"  Houses —Age  i8  ; 

Hall   N°  '""^  '°  P''^"'  situation.-GAKDENER,  Shenton 

JOURNEYMAN,  in   the   Houses   or  other- 

"  wise.— Age  24  ;  five  years'  experience.  Fourteen  months' 
good  character  from  last  situation.— A.  POULTER,  Finch- 
anipstead.  Wokingham,  Berkshire. 

I  OURNEYMAN,  inside  preferred.— Age  21  ; 

^'  four  years'  experience.  Respectable:  good  character  — 
JAMES  M.   NEWILL,  The  Gardens,  Potternewton  House, 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good 
''  establishment :  age  22.— Frank  Somerfoed,  Cusworih 
Park  Doncaster,  wishes  to  recommend  Charles  Abbott  to  any 
Head  (jardener  as  a  persevering,  energetic  young  man  Two 
and  a  hall  years'  character.— CHARLES  ABBOTT,  Cusworth 

JmI^ROVER,  under  a  good  Foreman  in  Nur- 

-L  sery,  or  HEAD  GARDENER  in  Gentleman's  Establlsh- 
ment_— Age  2:,  — W.  S.,  3..    Campsbourne  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 

JMPRbVER,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 

-*-  Garden.  — Age  iq  ;  three  years'  experience.  Premium 
given-Mr.  STEAD.  Rrvnderri  House,  Llantilln,  Abergavenny. 

To  Nurserymen. 
JMPROVER,  in  the  Roses  and  Fruit.— Age 

-L     20  :  seven  years  in  the  above  branches.— E.  D..  24,  Egei- 

'po  FLORI.STS,  &C.-MR.   John   Porter, 

-L  Florist,  Freshfield,  neat  Liverpool,  wishes  to  recommend 
his  present  Foreman  to  any  Nurseryman  or  Florist  as  a 
thorough  practical  all  round  man  as  Propagator,  Grower  and 
Salesman  of  Plants,  Flowers,  and  Fruit  :  Early  and  Late 
Forcing,  also  Bouquets,  Wreaths  and  Crosses,  &c  ,  on  the 
improved  system.  Age  32  :  married.  No  objection  to  going 
abroad. -Address.  FOREMAN,  as  above. 

npO   GARDENERS,   &c.— Situation   wanted 

J-  by  a  young  mm  (age  ji).  for  the  last  two  years  in  charge 
of  the  Stoves  and  Vineries  at  Hampton  Court.  Hereford  ;  four 
years  previous  good  character.— W.  R.  LOCK,  3,  Evlyn  Road, 


s 


"■pO  GARDENER!;.  -Emplovmentwanted by 

-L  a  respectable  boy  (age  16)  under  a  Gardener.  Been  in 
Florists  lifteen  months. -A.  S.,  5,  Observatory  Gardens, 
'^— isington. 

HOPMAN  (Head),  or^MANAGERT^Age 

4!  :  twenty  years' experi, nee  in  all  branches,  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade.  Di=engaged.-RICHE,  12,  Pelham 
Road,  South  Wimbledon. 

HOPMAN   (Head),   or   MANAGER  in   a 

Retail  Seed  and  Florist  Business.— Fifteen  years'  ex- 
perience. Good  references.— C  D.  MARR,  Messrs.  Hurst 
&  .Son.  Houndsditch,  £. 

(.JHOPMAN. — Thirteen  years'   experience   in 

k-  '  all  branches,  good  reference.— T.  S  ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


QHOPMA>I.  — Age    29,    married;    fourteen 

\J  years'  experience  in  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade.  First- 
class  references  -HOTEIA,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41. 
Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C 

SEED  and  FLORIST'S  ASSISTANT,"^ 
A  young  Man  (age  19)  wishes  a  situation  ;  over  five  years' 
experience.  Good  Maker  of  Wreaths,  Crosses  &c.  Will  be 
well  recommended. -W.  GALLOWAY,  Arthur  Dickson  & 
.Sons,  Seedsmen  and  Florists,  Bellast. 

rpo  SEEDSMEN,  &c.— Scotchman  (age  24); 

-L  conversant  wiih  Agricultural  Seeds.  Good  knowledge 
of  Correspondence  and  General  Office  Duties  — B  M  Gar- 
deners  ChronicU  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

npO     THE     SEED      TRADE.  —  Situation 

-L  warned  by  a  youth  (age  tS)  in  the  Seed  Trade.  Good 
references.-J    B.  DAY,  Casino  House,  Heme  Hil',  S.E. 

JJANDY  MAN,  on  a  Gentleman's  ETtate;^ 

J-i-  Respectable;  Carpenter  by  trade.  Understands  all 
kinds  of  Buildiug  Work.  Good  references.— C.  L.  BALLS, 
Harold  Wood,  near  Romlord,  Essex. 

ANDY    MAN  on   Gentleman's  Estate,  or 

otherwise.-Well  UD  in  all  kinds  of  House  Repairs.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— W.  J.  W.,  2,  Laurel  Villa,  Gibbon 
Road,  Kingston. on-Thames. 


TJOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENTandPILLS.— 

-*--*-  Rbeuniiitim  and  Gout. — These  purifying  and  soothing 
remedies  deserve  the  earnest  attention  of  all  persons  liable  to 
Gout.  Sciatica,  or  other  painful  affections  o*  the  Muscles 
Nerves,  and  Joints.  The  OINTMENT  should  be  applieii 
after  the  effected  parts  have  been  patiently  fomented  with  warm 
water,  when  it  should  be  diligently  rubbed  upon  the  adjacent 
skin,  unless  the  friction  causes  pain.  HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS 
should  be  simultaneously  Uken  to  Diminish  Pain,  Reduce 
Inflammation,  and  Purify  the  Blood.  This  treatment  abates  the 
violence,  and  lessens  the  frequency  of  Gout,  Rheumatism,  and 
all  Spasmodic  Diseases  which  spring  from  hereditary  predisposi- 
tion, or  from  any  accidental  weakness  of  consitution.  'The  Oinf- 
ment  checks  the  local  malady  while  the  Pills  restore  yita!  power 


288 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[August  zS,  iS86, 


BOXJLTON    &     PAUL,    NORWICH.  I  g 


No.  75  -Melon  or  Cucambcr  Framea. 

Cash  Prices-Carriage  Paid.  Price.         Packing  Ca!e 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  A3  5°  ••  4»-  f  Allowed  in 
la  feet  long  ..  6  teet  wide  ..  4126  ..  5J.  ^  full  if  retd. 
16  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  6  00  ..  5/6  I  car.  paid. 
These  Frames  are  13  inches  deep  in  front,  and  24  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  2  inches  thick,  with  a  strong  iron 
strengthening  rod.  and  one  handle  to  each  light.  All  pairted 
four  coats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  glazed  with  best 
21-oz.  English  glass.  Orders  amounting  to  4o(.  carriage  paid 
to  rajst  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT-WATER  APPARATUS 

for  Heating  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON     E.G. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  wiU  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

i2t,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application.  


Cucumber  rramea. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y   and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention  to  their  Cucumber    Frames. 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  deUvered  to  any  station  in  England  : —       ;^  s.  d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  |    p,^!.:-.     (       3  10    o 
3-light  frame,  .2  feet  by  6  feet  ^Cases  free  15     5° 
Wight  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet  J ''''^°''  ""  I    10    o    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.    Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  H  ALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 


RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


Apparatus  complete. 


CATALOGUE 
free. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE    BUILDERS    and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  GreenhouseB,  Peach  Houses,  Fordng  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  woik, 
and  that  the  verv  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-Water  HeatUlg  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashea,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &;c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues /tee.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHAROBS  FIRST-GLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


THE    NEW    PATENT    TUBULAR 

COMBIIATIOI  STAKE 
AND  CUP, 

For  Trees,  Roses,  Dahlias,  &c. 


{CARTU'RIGHTS    PATENT.') 

THIS  PATENT  STAKE  and  CLIP 
is  at  once  simple,  effective,  durable,  economical,  and 
safe.  It  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  tying  wiih  sir^n?  or 
grass  ;  and  when  once  the  tree  is  fixed  in  position  it  is  utterly 
impossible  for  it  to  gel  loose  again  by  the  action  of  the  wind  or 
weather  :  in  tact,  it  must  remain  fixed  in  position  until  the 
gardener  himself  loosens  it.  Does  not  harbour  insects  and  their 
eggs  as  do  string  and  clolh. 

The  Stake  itself  is  a  wroughi-iron  tube,  and  is  made  in 
various  lengths,  from  3  feet  up  to  7  (eet  6  inches. 

The  Spring  Clips  are  supplied  in  various  sizes,  of  i,  \'%.  and 
2  inches  across  the  rine  when  shut,  and  are  coated  with  soft 
indiarubber. 

Light  Brass  Caps  are  also  supplied  when  required.  These 
Caps  aie  fixed  on  the  top  of  the  tube  to  keep  the  rain  and  ear- 
wigs, &C-,  from  Retting  in  it. 


We  can  also  supply  these 

STAKES  ADAPTED  FOR  RASPBERRY  CANES 

WHEN      GROWN      IN      CLUMPS. 

These  Stakes  are  supplied  with  two  large  Wire  Clips,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  Stake,  as  shown  in  sketch. 

MAY      BE      OBTAINED      FROM      ALL      SEEDSMEN,     &c. 


Wholesale  from  CORY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.  (Limited), 
London;  OSMAN  &  CO.,  London;  BENJAMIN  FIELD,  Swan 
Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. ;  or,  from  the  Manufacturers 
The  PLASKYNASTON  TUBE  COMPANY  (Limited),  Ruabon. 


GREENHOUSES,   VINERIES,    RANGES,    CONSERVATORIES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c. 

Constructed  with  the  latest  horticultural  improvements  to  the  most  artistic  designs,  of  the  best  materials,  at  the  lowest  prices. 

THE  EFFICIENCY  OF  ALL  WORK,    INCLUDING  BOILERS   AND  HEATING  APPARATUS,  GUARANTEED. 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  Designs,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  of  charge. 


COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR    OF    GARDEN    OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d,,    Poet  Free  3Jd. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Busmess  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  4r.  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnkw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  tin 
5ud  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Coimty.— Saturday,  August  28,  1886,        Agent  for  Manchester— Iohn  Hzywood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatjlisljeti  1841. 


No.  662.— Vol.  XXVI.  {series.}    SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  4,  1S86.     -j 


Registered  at  the  General  I      Price    5d. 
Post-ot5ce  as  a  Newspaper.  j"PoST-FREE,   5j</. 


CONTENTS. 


Agaricus  personatus  dan- 
gerous     

Aljjine  garden,  the 

Apiary,  the 

Begonias  at  Madresfield 


Lilie 


Berberis,  Japanese 
Buddleia  globosa  in  fruit 
Bulb  garden,  the 
Carse  of  Gowrie  orchard 

fruit,  sale  of  . . 
Celery,  history  of 
Chrysanthemum   uligino- 


Colonial  Exhibition,  the. 

Cyclamen  repandum 
Cypripedium        concolor 
chlorophyllum . . 

,,     vagaries 
Cyrtopera  Regnieri 
Double-flowermg  Stocks, 

varied  colour  of 
Epipactis  lalifolia 
Figa  from  seed    . . 
Fire-blight 
Flower  beds,  two  pretty  . 

,,    garden,  the 

Forestry 

Fruit  trees  at  Maidstone 
Fruits  under  glass 

Guernsey  and  Jersey 
Fruit  and  Produce 
Co.  (Limited)  .. 

Hollyhocks 


Kew  

Lord,  funeral  of  the  late 
Mr.  Robert       .. 

Market  plants  at  Upper 
Edmonton 

Moor  Park 

New  names  and  old  things 

Obituary — 

Berners.  Mr 

Olearia  macrodonta 

Orchid-house5;,  the 

Orchis  weevil,  another  .. 

Pea  Telephone    . . 

Phaius  Humblotii 

Pinusedulis 

Plants  and  their  culture  . 

Poppy,  white,  a  wild     . . 

Polalos  run  out    .. 

Prunus  Pissardi  .. 

Rose  shows 

St.  Neots,    Market  Gar- 
dening at 

Scotch  notes 

Societies- 
Devon  and  Exeter     .. 
Harpenden 
Hounslow 

Maidstone 

Readmg 

Ryde 

Sandy    

Sevenoaks 

Shropshire 

Stoke-on-Trent 
Stocks,  annual,  for  sum- 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Calandra  Sommeri 
Cypripediuros,  monstrous 

Moor  Park 

Olearia  macrodonta         

Pinus  edulis 


SCOTCH    STTBSCBIBEHS    TO 
J^HE    GARDENERS*    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly^  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher^ 

W,   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
«  GARDCHRON,  LONDON.'' 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington.  S.W 
NOTICE! -COMMITTEE  MEETINGS,  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  11  a.m.,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT 
September  7.  SHOW  of  GRAPES,  DAHLIAS,  &c  on 
TUESDAY,  September  7,  and  WEDNESDAY,  September  8. 
N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  12  o'Clock,  and  the  Public  at 
X  o'clock.     On  Wednesday,  10  a.m. 


GLASGOW  and  WEST  of  SCOTLAND 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETV 
The  AUTUMN  FLOWER  SHOW  will  he  held  within  St 
Andrew's  Hall,  Granville  Street,  Glasgow,  on  WEDNESDAY' 
September  8.  Prize  Schedules  and  Tickets  of  Admission  to  be 
had  from  the  Treasurer,  Mr.  Chas.  Macdonald  Williamson  104 
West  George  Street,  any  of  the  Directors,  or  at  my  office  here' 
Member's  Ticket,  2j.  6d.  each. 

,     „       .      „      FRANC  GIBB  DOUGALL,  Secretary. 
167,  Canoing  Street,  Glasgow. 


"MATIONAL      CHRYSANTHEMUM 

J.,>      SOCIETy.  Roy.,1  Aquarium,  Westminster    S  W 

GRAND  EXHIBITION  of  DAHLIAS,  GLADIOLI 
l^'^n.S"<?''**?'^"^."""S,  &c.,  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  September  9  and  10.     Schedules  free  on  application  to 

V         ,      D    1.  X,  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 

Frampton  Park  Nursery,  Hackney,  E 
Revised   Official   "  CHRYSANTHEMUM    CATALOGUE  " 
^ now  ready,  f  </.  per  Copy. 


rpHIRD  ANNUAL 

-L  APPLE    and    PEAR    SHOW, 

at  EXETER,   OCTOBER  2,   and  22,  1886. 

43  Classes  open  to  all  England. 

ONE     HUNDREDAND  FORTY    PRIZES. 

No  entrance   Fees. 

For  Schedules  and  Rules,  apply  to 

GuUdhall,  Ex«-.  •'■  '■  PENGELLY,  Hon,  Sec. 


Hardy  Perennial  Chrysanthemums, 

MAXIMUM  and  ULIGINOSUM 
(see  illustrations  Gardcnin'  Chronicle,  August  28). 
Plants,  91/.  each  ;  six  for  31 ;  sr.  td.  per  dozen  ;  =oj.  per  100. 
Cash  with  order  for  delivery  in  October. 

S.  COOPER,  The  Nurseries,  Hadleigh,  Suffolk. 


CameUlus,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Ijoochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 

Cnitched  Friars,  London,  E.C.  


There  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  a-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3J.  each. 
All  the  finer  old  kmds  at  is.  to  2s.  each. 

SPIR/F.A  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND  ^LEMATIS,   in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  dowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I3f.  to  34J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


Exhibition  Trained  Plants  for  Sale. 

EUPHORBIA,    HOYA,  PLUMBAGO,   &c. 
Also  EXOTIC  FERNS. 
Apply  to  GARDENER,  Greylands,  Coventry. 

Ferns— Ferns-Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  now  offers  an  immense  stock  of 
*  these,  consisting  of  all  the  most  useful  varieties  for  or- 
namental pots,  or  for  growing  on  ;  i6i.  per  100,  cash  with  order. 
Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 


Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.  VAN   TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 
•     HolUnd.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,   and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


DOUBLE     SOUTH     AFRICAN     TUBE- 
ROSE BULBS  (Grown  by  Edwards  &  Bell,  Maritz- 
burg,    Natal.) — First    importations  this   season,    and    "second 
sent  from  Natal.     Send  for  quotations,  to  the 


'  Agej 


PERCY  J.  POOL  and  CO.,  4.  Bishopsgale  Street,  E.C. 
See  illustration  of  our  Plantation  in  this  Journal  of  July  10. 

Dutch  and  other  Bulbs. 
pHARLES     TURNER'S      CATALOGUE 

V^  is  now  ready. 

The  first  consignment  is  to  hand,  in  excellent  condition. 
The    NEW     ROSE,     FRUIT    TREE,    and   CONIFERS 

CATALOGUE     is    in    the    Press. 
The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


s 


SQUELCH  AND  B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 
North  Row.  CoventGarden,  London,  W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes.  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers,&c! 

Q  U  E  L  C  H        AND     ^B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments    they  are 
enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

QUELCH         AND        BARN  HAM, 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

UNWIN,     Fruit     Salesman,    has 

•  REMOVED  to  Larger  Premises  in  the  Market, 
and  is  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGNMENTS  of  PEACHES 
GRAPES,  and  TOMATOS  in  any  quantity. 

Address  "  PIAZZAS,"  Covent  Gatd-n  Market,  W  C. 


s 


w 


ANTED,      CUTTINGS      of     HENRY 

JACOBI  GERANIUMS. 
ALFRED  LODGE,  Brougham  Hall  Penrith. 


■WANTED,  CUTTINGS  of  GERANIUMS, 

V  »         for  bedding.     Send  names  and  particulars  to 
JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 

WANTED,  by  the  loo  or  looo,  SALMON 
VESUVIUS  and   SURPRISE    VESUVIUS    CUT- 
TINGS.     State  lowest  price  for  cash,  per  too  or  icoo  to 

T.    TODMAN    AND   SON,    Rose    Park    Nursery,    Upper 
Tootmg,  S.W. 


TX7ANTED,  strong  CUTTINGS  of  Flower 

»T„V.,,.°'  Sp'^S-   ^'^-    Pollock,     McMahon,   &c.,    GERA. 
NIUMS.     Price  per  100,  to 

J.  E.  DIXON,  Seed  Grower,  &c.,  Gainsborough. 


TWO      BEAUTIFUL     NEW      PLANTS 
IMPATIENS  HAWKERII,  ioj.6rf. 
ARISTOLOCHIA  ELEGANS,  21s. 
The  above  are  the  most  handsome  new  flowering  plants  of  the 
year.  They  are  now  being  sent  out,  and  can  be  seen  in  flswer  at 
Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S  EsUblUhment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S.W. 

Koses— Roses— Roses. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  a  large  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROSES  in  all  the  leading  varieties  ;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MARECHALNIEL,GLOIREDE  DIJON,  and 
other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices  on 
application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


To  the  Trade  Only. 

NUTTING  AND  SONS  have  just  received 
their  ConsignmenU  of  DUTCH  and  other  BULBS, 
which  they  import  from  best  Growers  only.  These  Bulbs  aie 
very  fine,  large  and  sound  ;  far  superior  to  anything  that  is 
being  sold  at  auction  sales. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  on  application. 
106,  Southwark  Street,  London.  S.E. 

New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMUM 

(First-class    Certificate).-See   full   description   m  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle,  July  10. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,  5*.  and  7X.  dd. ; 
6  for  2 1  J.  and  305 

E.   G.   HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale,  London,  W. 


LBS, 


DUTCH  B     U 

Fir.t  Quality  Only. 
CATALOGUES  may  be  obtained  from 
H.  VAN  DEN  HAAG,  110.  Newington  Green  Road.  N. 
"  I    have   never  had  better  Bulbs,    and   have   be^n    able   to 
use  them   three  years   running.— T'A.r   Earl  of  Tanher^nlle' i 

OSES     IN     POTS.— Her     Majesty,    the 

Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  36*. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

—  .-        .,-   ..— ,  CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


o 


UK  SPECIAL  LIST  of   ORCHIDS,  No. 

81,  with  New  CATTLEYAS,  New  EPIDENDRUMS, 
&c.,  is  now  published. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

O  THE  TRADE  ONLY.— A  few  hundred 

ADIANTUM  TENERUM,  A.  CONCINNUM 
LATUM,  out  of  boxes,  fronds  12  to  rs  inches.  \is.  per  100. 
Cash  with  order.     Package  included. 

MAIRIS  AND  CO.,  Weston  in  Gordano.  Bristol. 


AFRICAN  TUBEROSES. 

LILIUM  HARRISIIandCANDIDUM. 
DOUBLE   WHITE   ITALIAN  HYACINTHS. 
NARCISSUS   PAPER  WHITE  and   DOUBLE    ROMAN. 
HOOPER  AND  CO.  offer  the  above,  in  splendid  quality  and 
on  better  terms  than  any  other  house. 

Covent  Garden.  London,  W.C. 

Z  A  LE  A      MOLLIS,     for    forcing. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  splendid  2-yr.  seedlings,  at  51.  ler 
100.  AZALEA  INDICA.  HOTEIA  JAPONICA.  RHODO- 
DENDRON, FICU3,  KENTIA,  LATANIA  PALMS,  in 
store  pots.     All  very  well  grown  and  cheap.     To  be  had  from 

O.  BURVENICH-DE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge,  near  Ghen'. 
Belgium.  CATALOGUES  to  be  had  free  on  application  10 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  EC. 

Strawberries. 

PAUL  AND  SON  have  now  ready 
for  delivery,  in  6o-pots  and  Runners  of  all  the  best 
varieties,  including  the  new  first  earlies  Pauline  and  Kinjr  of  ihe 
Earlies,  and  the  new  large  Perpetual  Strawberry,  Roi  Henry, 
probably  most  useful  for  autumn  growing  in  pots. 

Descriptive  LIST,  with  dates  of  ripening  carefully  noted  up 
to  date,  post-free  on  application. 

The  "Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 


LOVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  ■^d. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

STRAWBERRIES.— A    Desciiptive 
CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-free  on  apolication. 
THOS  RIVERSandSON,  Nurseries.  Sawbridgeworlh.  He.K. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders.  &c. 

Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call  particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS,  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Garderurs'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886- 
Addrbss,    25,    Wellington    Street.    Strand.    London,    W.C. 

EESON'S    MANURE   is   the  best  for  all 

Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  u.,  is.  6J.,  55.  td., 
and  lai.  6d.,  or  1  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  13s- each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Milk, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


290 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  4,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Dutcb  Bulbs. 

Evsrv  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  ii  o'clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consienments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSiUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morninE  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

EweU. 

By  order  of  the  eveculors  of  the  lale  Mrs.  R.  C.  Price. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  lhe;PremUes, 
Parkside,  Ewell,  Surrey,  on  MONDAY,  September  6,  at  i 
o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  many  fit  for  decorative  purposes, 
and  successfully  shown  at  the  local  shows,  including  fine 
Crotons,  large  Palms,  Eucharis,  Maidenhair,  and  othei  Ferns, 
a  few  Orchids,  specimen  Coleus  and  Fuchsias.  Lapageria  alba 
and  rosea.  Begonias,  Chrysanthemums,  small  GREENHOUSE, 
garden  FRAMES,  and  UTENSILS,  g.-uden  ROLLER  for 
pony,  POULTRY,  two  store  PIGS,  and  numerous  other  eSTects. 
On  view  the  Saturday  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  of  Mr. 
BUSS,  the  Gardener  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.C. 

Buckhurst  Hill,  near  the  Station. 
IMPORTANT    TO    CUT    FLOWER   GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  J.  R.  South,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  The  Nur-ery,  Queen's  Road,  Buck- 
hurst  Hill,  on  TUESDAY.  September  7.  at  2  o'clock  precisely, 
150  specimen  EUCHARIS  AMAZON  ICA,  very  fine  plants  in 
No  Sand  12  pots,  30  specimen  CAMELLIAS.  6  to  8  feet, 
principally  double  whites,  large  white  AZ.ALEAS,  300  well 
furnished  Maidenhair  FERNS,  in  32  and  48  pots,  and  other 
PLANTS. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.  and 
Leytonstone, 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  unusually  well  grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises. 
The  Nursery,  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W.  (about  a  mile 
from  Chelsea  Station),  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  8,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  beauti- 
fully grown  GREENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS, 
a  large  portion  of  which  are  admirably  adapted  for  furnishing, 
comprising  Palms  in  variety ;  two  Araucaria  excelsa,  14  feet  ; 
large  Eucharis,  Ficus,  magnificent  specimen  ;  Aspidistras,  one 
grand  plant,  measuring  5  feet  through  \  1000  Maidenhair  Ferns, 
200  A2aleas,  1000  green  Euonymus,  10,000  flower-pots,  and 
various  other  items. 

On  view  two  days  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on 
the  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

CMgwell. 
IMPORTANT  TO  CUT  FLOWER  GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  J.  W.  Steele  &  Co.,  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  E.xotic  Nursery,  Chig- 
well,  on  THURSDAY,  September  9,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
a  large  quantity  of  weU-grown  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLAN'l'S,  including  14  grand  specimen  Stephanotis,  large 
trained  plants,  about  40  smaller  plants  ;  250  Gardenias,  300 
Roses,  all  finely  grown  in  large  pots  :  600  named  Chrysanthe- 
mums, specimen  Azaleas,  80  Eucharis  grandiflora,  600  Bou- 
vardias,  best  sorts  :  Jasmines,  &c. ;  also  30  head  of  POULTRY. 
On  view  two  days  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  on  the 
Premises,  principal  local  Inns,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and 
68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 

Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  63,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY,  September  10,  at  Half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  imported  and  other 
ORCHIDS,  including  Vanda  Hookerii,  a  splendid  lot  of 
Cypripedium  Stonei,  C.  Hookers,  Dendrobium  heterocarpum 
(Ceylon  variety),  Co:logyne  pandurata  in  fine  order,  Odonto- 
glossum  Pescatorei,  Eulophla  scripta  (a  good  lot),  a  new 
Angrfficum  from  Madagascar  and  many  valuable  Orchids  from 


the  East. 


On^ 


r  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

DENDROBIUM  DEAREI,  fine  healthy  lot. 
CYPRIPEDIUM  CILIOLARE,  in  extra  condition. 

ESSRS.  PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 

lude  the  above  in  their  SALE  by  AUCTION, 
FRIDAY  NEXT.  September  lo,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander. 
"      '       molding  of  Sale,  and  Caulogues  had. 


M 


Great  Horticultural  Sale  Week. 

ANNUAL  TRADE  SALES  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 

HEATHS,  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  &c. 

"IVTESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 

respectfully  give  notice  that  they  have  arranged  these 

Sales  to  take  place  as  follows  :  — 
MONDAY,  September  13,  Great  Sale  of  DUTCH    BULBS, 

at  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS'  ROOMS. 
TUESDAY,   September   14,  at    the    BURNT  ASH    LANE 

NURSERIES,  LEE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  B.  Mailer 

WEDNESDAY,  September  15.  at  the  LEA  BRIDGE  NUR- 
SERIES, LEYTON,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Eraser. 

THURSDAY,    September  16,  at  the   BRUNSWICK   NUR- 
SERIES,  TOTTENHAM,   by    order   of  Mr.   John 
Mailer. 
„    Great  Sale  of  DUTCH  BULBS,  at  PROTHEROE  and 
MORRIS'  ROOMS. 

FRIDAY,    September    17,    at    the    LONGLANDS     NUR- 
SERY,  SIDCUP,  by  order  ol   Messrs.   Gregory  & 

„     A  special  Trade  Sale  of  ORCHIDS,  by  order  of  Mr,  F. 

e.T-„o ?*•"?,"'  o  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS'  ROOMS. 

SATURDAY,     September    iS,    at    the     DYSON'S    LANE 

NURSERY,    EDMONTON,   by  order   of  Mr.    H. 

B.  May. 

"      Sale    of    DUTCH     BULBS,    at    PROTHEROE    AND 

MORRIS'  ROOMS. 
Catologues  may  be  had,  when  ready,  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


Lee,  Eent,  S.E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  to  commence  punc- 
tually at  II  o'clock,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number 
of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
Lee,  S.E.,  adjoining  the  Railway  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
September  14,  at  11  o'Clock  punctually,  without  reserve. 

25,000  WINTER-BLOOMING  HEATHS, 

beautifully  grown  and  remarkably  well  set  with  bloom-buds, 
including  15,000  Erica  hyemalis,  5000  Gracilis,  and  large 
quantities  of  Melanthera,  Ventricosa,  Perspicua  erecta,  Caven- 
disbii,  and  other  best  kinds  ;  also  a  large  quantity  of  small  Erica 
hyemalis  for  growing  on  ;  8000  SOLANUM  CAPSICAS- 
TRUM,  unusually  well  berried  ;  6000  BOUVARDIAS, 
including  Lemoine's  New  Doubles  :  2000  GENISTAS,  very 
fine  :  1000  CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  :  2000  ADIANTUM 
CUNEATUM  ;  3000  LOMARIA  GIBBA,  true,  compact 
variety,  and  other  FERNS  ;  500  EPACRIS,  well  grown  ;  a 
quantity  of  extra  strong  Mar^chalNiel  and  other  Tea  ROSES  ; 
fine  English-grown  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS.  GREVILLEA 
ROBUSTA,  PALMS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREEN- 
HOUSE PASSI  FLORAS,  POINSETTIAS,  AMPELOPSIS 
VEITCHII  ;  a  fine  lot  of  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA, 
STEPHANOTIS,  and  other  stock. 


EC. 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  in- 
tending Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  above.  The 
Plants  are  remarkably  well-grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and 
the  whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good  condition  as  in 
former  years. 


Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Leyton. 

Annual  Sale  of  winter-blooming  and  other  HEATHS,  remark- 
ably well  grown,  and  including  HYEMALIS,  GRACILIS, 
HYBRIDA,  and  others:  loco  EPACRIS,  of  the  choicest 
kinds  ;  4000  CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  Eraser's  superb 
strain;  4C00  GENISTAS:  Tea-scented  and  Noisette 
ROSES  ;  4000  SOLANUM  CAPSICASTRUM,  in  berry  ; 
4000  BOUVARDIAS,  well  set:  healthy  young  planLs  of 
LAPAGERIA  ROSEA  SUPERBA,  CLEMATIS  IN- 
DlVISA  LOBATA,  and  other  greenhouse  Climbers:  a 
beautiful  lot  of  HOLLYHOCKS,  named  sorts  :  1000  early 
flowering  and  other  CHRYSANTHEMUS  ;  200  Mari5chal 
Niel  and  other  ROSES,  from  7  to  10  feet  :  a  large 
quantity  of  fine  plants  of  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII  : 
3000  CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI  and  others,  a  splendid 
lot  of  variegated  IVIES,  8000  GENISTAS  lor  growing  on, 
and  other  stock. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Fraser  to  SELL  the 
above  valuable  Stock  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The 
Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Leyton,  E.  (a  few  minutes'  walk 
from  the  Hoe  Street  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway),  on 
WEDNESDAY,  September  15,  at  11  o'Clock  precisely,  in 
consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  premises  ; 
or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


Tottenhan.  N. 

Great  Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Winter  Flowering  Heaths,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  &c.  To  commence  punctually  .it 
II  o'clock,  there  being  upwards  of  izoo  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Mailer,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  premises.  The  Brunswick  Nursery,  Tottenham 
(close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Station,  G.  E.  Ry.).  on  THURS- 
DAY, September  16,  at  11  o'Clock  precisely,  without  res 
20,000  Winter-blooming  Heaths,  beautifully  grown,  and  abund- 
antly set  with  flower  buds,  including  Hyemalis,  Gracilis,  caffra 
WUmorea  and  other  best  kinds. 

4000  Tree  Carnations,  best  va 

5000  Solanums,  remarkably 
well  berried 

5000  Bouvardias,  including  the 
new  doubles 

4000  Genistas. 


&c.,  for  growing  on  ; 
Euonymus,  and 
Plants  suitable 


1000  Epacris,  in  best 
5000  well  grown  Ferns,  includ- 
Adianlums,  Pteris,  &c. 
1000  Double  white  Primulas 
500  Crotons,    beautifully    co- 

500  Ficus  elastica 

Thousands  small  Ericas,  Genistas,  Fen 
large  Camellias  and  Azaleas  for  cutting,  Goldi 
the  usual  great  variety  of  Stove  and  Greeaho 
for  the  Trade  and  extensive  buyers. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


Siaoup,  Kent,  S.E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  Winter-flowering 
HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS,  forming  one  of  the  largest 
collections  ever  submitted  to  the  Public.  The  stock  of 
Heaths  is  unrivalled  (without  doubt  the  finest  lot  ever 
offered  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans),  the  plants  being 
particularly  well  grown,  beautifully  set  with  flower,  and 
worthy  of  inspection  by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Longlands  Nursery, 
Sidcup  (ten  minutes'  walk  from  Pope  Street  Station,  South- 
Eastern  Railway),  on  FRIDAY,  September  17,  at  11  o'Clock 
precisely  (there  being  upwards  of  1200  lots),  an  enormous 
quantity  of  unusually  weU-grown  WINTER-BLOOMING 
HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS,  including  :— 


Erica  Cavendishii 

Genistas 

■)  Tea    Roses,    splendid 


20,000  Erica     hyemalis,     well  1        700 
set,  and  £.  hyemalis 

4,000  Erica  gracilis, 

4,000    „    ventricosa  and  per- 
spicua, of  sorts 

Thousands  of  small  HEATHS  for  growing  on,  &c. 

The  stock  is  now  on  view.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  &  68,  Cheapside,  London. 
£.C(  and  Leytonstone 


Upper  Edmonton. 

The  FIRST   ANNUAL   SALE  of  3o,ox)  beautifully  grown 

GREENHOUSE  and  other  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  B.  May,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises  Dyson's  Lane  Nursery.  Upper 
Edmonton,  on  SATURDAY,  September  18.  at  12  o'Clock 
punctually,  30,000  GREENHOUSE  and  STOVE  PLANTS, 
remarkably  well  grown  and  in  the  best  possible  condition, 
comprising  lo.ooo  Tree  Carnations,  including  a  valuable  lot 
of  Miss  JoIifl"e,  Andalusia,  Lucifer,  &c.:  2cdo  Tea  Roses  in 
Pots,  of  the  best  sorts  ;  3000  variegated  Ivies,  icoo  Clematis, 
finest  varieties ;  scoo  Ferns,  beautifully  grown,  and  including 
Adiantum  cuneatum,  Farleyense,  Pacotti.  &c  :  Pteris  cretica 
Mayii  (a  lovely  new  Fern),  DavalHas,  and  others  ;  1000  Ampe- 
lopsis  Veitchii,  500  Azaleas,  Fielder's  White  ;  and  4000 
MISCELLANEOUS  PLANTS,  such  as  Engtish-erown 
CAMELLIAS,  EUCHARIS.  Double  PRIMULAS,  DRA- 
C^NAS,  GENISTAS,  MYRTLES,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  &  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C., 
and  Leytonstone, 


Preliminary. 

The  Cranston   Nursery  and    Seed    Company,    Limited.      In 

Liquidation.     The  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 
EXTENSIVE    CLEARANCE    SALE    of  the  whole  of  the 
remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY    STOCK,    extending 
over  120  acres  of  ground,  and  which  is  now  in  sp'endid  con- 
dition, particularly  the  Fruit  Trees. 
Important  to  Noblemen.   Gentlemen,   and  the  Trade  contem- 
plating planting  during  the  coming  season. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE   AND    MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  the  whole  of  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises 
as  above,  on  OCTOBER  4,  and  lour  following  days.  An  inspec- 
tion is  invited  of  the  beaulifully  grown  stock  ;  and  to  convey  an 
idea  of  its  magnitude,  the  following  items  may  be  mentioned  : — 
6o,ooa  FRUIT     TREES,     Standard,     Dwarf-trained,     and 
Pyramids. 
130,0=0  CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES. 
500.000  FOREST  TREES. 
70,000  CHERRY  and  APPLE  STOCKS, 
loo.ooo  SEEDLING  ASH  and  OAK. 
200,000  QUICK. 

16,000  LAURELS,  7030  AUCUBAS,  400  English  YEWS, 
thousands  of  CONIFERS,  &c. 
Further  particulars  will  appear  in  due  course. 

Preliminary  Notice  of  Fortlicomlng  Sales 

OF  NURSERY  STOCK, 

Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade  intending  ti  Plant 

during  the  coming  Season. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE  and   MORRIS 
bsg  to  announce  that   they  have   fixed  the  following 

OCTOBER  s,  at  the  UPPER  TOOTING  PARK  NUR- 
SERY, Upper  Tooting  Park,  S.  W.,  by  order  ol  Mr.  C. 
Young. 

OCTOBER  13  and  14.  at  the  ELVASTON  NURSERIES, 
Borrowash,  Derby,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Barron  &  Son. 

OCTOBER  27  and  28.-TW0  Days'  Sale  at  the  AMERICAN 
NURSERIES,  Leytonstone. 

OCTOBER  19,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Kilburn.  by  order  of 
Mr.  J.  B.  Goubett. 

OCTOBER  20  and  jr,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Brixton,  by  order 
of  Messrs.  Ponsford  &  Son. 

NOVEMBER  2  and  3,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Groombridge, 
by  order  of  Mr.  E.  Hollamby. 

NOVEMBER  2,at  the  HALE  FARM  NURSERIE5, Totten- 
ham, by  order  of  Mr   T.  Ware. 

NOVEMBER  4,  at  the  BOVVER  and  LING  NURSERIES, 
Maidstone,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Frost  &  Sons. 

NOVEMBER  g  and  10,  at  the  ROYAL  NURSERIES,  Ascot, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  J.  Standish  &  Co. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  being  fixed,  and  will  be  announced 

in  future  Advertisements. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C. 


Catalogues  —Important  Notice. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  compiled  permanent  Lists  of  those  to  whom  their 
Catalogues  are  forwarded  regularly,  which  enables  them  to  bring 
before  the  notice  of  prob.able  Buyers  all  classes  of  Sales. 

Gentlemen  wishing  to  have  their  names  entered  on  these 
Lists  are  requested  to  forward  their  full  Addresses  with  a  note 
of  their  particular  requirements,  when  Catalogues  will  be 
posted  free  of  charge. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 

Bulbs— Bullia—BulDa. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Or-il  Rioms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C., every  MuNDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all 
Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Orchids  In  Flower  and  Bud. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  September  16,  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for 
this  SALE  will  please  SEND  PARTICULARS  of  same  not 
later  than  THURSDAY  NEXT. 

Palace  Gardens,  Armagh. 
IMPORTANT  SALE  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION  of  CHOICE 
STOVE      and     GREENHOUSE     PLANTS,      LAWN 
MOWER,  &C. 

MR.  M.  A.  BELL  has  been  favoured  with 
instructions  from  G.  D.  Beresford,  Esq.,  to  SELL  by 
PUBLIC  AUCTION,  at  the  Palace  Gardens,  Armagh,  on 
MONDAY,  September  6.  at  12  o'Clock  noon,  an  immense 
collection  ofchoice  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
including  ;— Azaleas,  Dracaenas  and  Crotons  in  variety.  Hibis- 
cus, Amaryllis,  Gloxinias.  Begonias,  Hoyas,  Grevilleas,  Paris 
Daisies,  Centaureas,  Coleus,  Isolepis,  Aloes,  Rhododendron 
ciliatum.  Geraniums,  Bouvardias,  Camellias,  Citrus,  Double 
White  Primulas.  Cinerarias,  Orchids,  Ferns  in  variety,  Palms, 
good  Specimen  Tree  Ferns,  and  other  Plants  too  niunerous  to 
mention. 

Entrance  by  Dobbin  Street  Gate.  Terms  :— Cash,  and  pur- 
chasers to  pay  Auction  Fees. 

M.  A.  BELL,  Auctioneer,  Armagh.— August,  1886. 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


291 


City  of  Ghent,  Belgium. 
U  B  L  I  C      SALE     of    the    superb 

COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS  beloogine  to  M.  Auguste 
Geert,    Sen.,    of  GhenL       The  SALE   will  take  place   on 


de  Commerce,"  9,  Chauss^e  de  Bnixelles,  Ledeberg  lez  Gand, 
and  under  the  direction  of  JULES  DE  COCK,  Nurseryman, 
of  Ghent,  of  whom  Catalogues  may  be  obtained. 


Six  Days'  Sale  of 

THE      WHOLE      NURSERY      STOCK, 
GREENHOUSES,  &c., 
belonging  t  j  John  Stewart  &  Sons,  Dundee  and  Broughty 
Ferry,  N.B.,  from 
MONDAY,  Sept.  13.  to  SATURDAY,  Sept.  18. 
The  Stock  includes  50.000  SWEET  BRIER,  200,000  BIRCH. 
5000  IVIES.  ico.oooPINUS  MARITIMA,  25,000  LABURN- 
UMS,   3000  ROSES.    20.C00  LAURELS.    15,000  MANETTI 
STOCKS.  50000  PRIVET,  20,000  FRUIT  TREE  STOCKS, 
2000    STANDARD    LIMES.     2=00    LARGE    AUSTRIAN 
PINES,     1000    ARAUCARIAS,     5000    AUCUBAS,     10.000 
HOLLIES.    1000  PURPLE  BEECH,   10000  CURRANT.S, 
20,0=0    OOOSEBERRIES.      GREENHOUSE    and    HER- 
BACEOUS PLANTS.  &c. 

Catalogue  on  application. 
ANDREW  MONCUR,  Auctioneer,  Dundee. 


To  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners,  &c. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  with  Immediate 
Possession,  a  good  and  increasing  BUSINESS,  consisting 
of  Lease  of  Premsses,  Glasshouses,  Stock,  &c.  To  be  Sold  a 
Bargain. 

For  particulars  apply  by  letter,  to  A.  Z.,  Florist,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C 

To  Nurserymen,  Fruit  Growers,  &c. 

FOR  SALE,  situate  in  the  ParUamentary 
Borough  of  Bristol,  a  large  and  well  appointed 
BUSINESS  PREMISES,  well  stocked  and  in  full  working 
order,  comprising  nearly  20  Acre;  of  Freehold  Land,  tithes  free 
and  land  tax  redeemed,  with  all  Minerals,  which  include  large 
and  valuable  beds  of  Pennant  Stone  with  Coal  underlying.  The 
House,  built  six  years  ago,  is  large  and  convenient  :  on  ground 
floor,  entrance  hall,  drawing-room  27  feet  by  16  feet,  dining- 
room,  18  feet  by  16  feet,  break  fast- room,  two  kitchen?,  larder, 
china  pantry,  and  ofHc  s  ;  on  first  flaor,  five  bedrooms  and  lar^e 
room,  24  feet  by  i5  feet,  used  as  billiard  room  and  library.  The 
Glasshouses  are  two  ornamental  Ferneries,  opening  from  diaw- 
ing-room,  large  Camellia-house,  two  Vmeries,  each  55  feet  by 
16  feet ;  Roie-house,  64  feet  by  i6  feet;  Fernery,  6^  feet  by 
II  feet;  Cucumber-house,  64  feet  by  14  feet;  range  of  three 
Forcing -houses,  120  feet  lon^  ;  Stove,  Propagating-house, 
Tomato-house,  range  of  Pits,  &c,,  with  several  hundred  hand- 
glasses. The  whole  is  he.-ited  by  two  large  boilers,  and  from 
3000  to  4O30  feel  of  hot-w^ler  pipes. 

The  other  buildings  consist  of  two  nearly  new  Cottages, 
stabling  for  three  horses,  potting  sheds,  Mushroom-house, 
64  feet  by  15  feet  ;  range  of  lofis  used  as  fruit-rooms,  &c., 
about  i8j  feet  long  ;  sheds,  Slc.  The  Working  Stock  is  too  large 
and  varied  to  put  in  an  advertisement,  and  includes  many 
thousand  Standard,  Pyramid,  and  Bush  Fruit  Trees  ;  of  Pears 
alone  there  are  over  1000  standard  and  pyramidal  trees  of  the 
choicest  and  best  bearing  kinds  ;  also  large  numbers  of  Cherry, 
Apple,  and  Plum  trees  of  the  best  cropping  sorts. 

The  greater  part  of  the  fruit  trees  have  been  planted  neaily 
twenty  years,  are  in  full  bearing,  and  the  crop  of  fruit  is  very 
heavy  and  valuable. 

Photographs  of  house.  &c..  with  fuller  particulars,  or  to  view, 
apply  to  GEO.  HARDING,  The  Grove,  Fishponds,  Bristol. 


To  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  Farmers,  Builders, 

AND     OTHERS. 

TO  BE  SOLD  (in  consequence  of  the  owner 
retiring  from  business),  by  Private  Treaty,  as  a  going  con- 
cern. The  HOLLY  NURSERIES.  Bold,  near  Warrington, 
established  almost  a  century;  comprising  a  handsome  newly- 
erected  Brick  and  Stone  built  Double-fronted  Dwelling  house, 
with  three  entertaining  Rooms,  entrance  Hall,  Staircase,  five 
Bedrooms,  large  Kitchen  and  Scullery  with  Nursery  over,  four 
Cellars  and  Out-offices,  standing  on  an  elevated  site  with  taste- 
fully laid  out  Walks  and  Ornamental  Groundsand  Shrubberries. 

The  NURSERY  LAND,  containing  about  22  acres,  is  well 
stocked  with  thousands  of  choice  Flowering  Shrubs  and  Ever- 
greens, including  Gold,  Silver.  Hodgins',  and  other  fine  Hollies, 
from  I  to  14  feet  high;  Forest,  Fruit,  and  Ornamental  Trees, 
Roses,  Thorns,  Privet,  &c.  There  are  three  strong  Green- 
houses, Propagating  Frames,  loose  Lights,  &c. 

The  FARMSTEAD  consists  of  above  18  acres  of  rich  arable 
land,  with  or  without  the  growing  crops  thereon,  together  with 
a  detached  Dwelling-house,  with  two  sitting  and  five  Bedrooms, 
Ornamental  and  Kitchen  Gardens,  Ranges  of  extensive  Out- 
buildings, Shippons,  Stabling,  newly  erected  Catt-shed  of  large 
size,  and  other  Offices  ;  also  six  well  tenanted  Cottages  with  the 
appurtenances  thereto. 

The  whole  comprises  about  40  a.  2  r.  36  p.  of  well  drained 
FREEHOLD  LAND,  in  full  heart,  in  a  ring  fence,  with  front- 
ages at  least  half  a  mile,  to  the  two  main  roads  from  Liverpool, 
St.  Helens,  and  Warrington.  Situate  one  mile  from  the  Farn- 
worth  and  the  Clock-face  Stations  on  the  London  and  North- 
western Railway,  and  4J^  miles  from  Warrington;  it  is  well 
situated  for  a  Public  Pleasure  Garden. 

A  view  and  all  particulars  maybe  had  from  the  proprietor, 
Mr.  JOHN  STEAD,  on  the  Premises,  also  from  Messrs. 
ROBERTDAVIES,  SHARP  ANDKIRKCONNEL,SoIicitors, 
Warrington;  or  from  Messrs.  ARTINGSTALL  and  HIND, 
Auctioneers,  Manchester. 

Little  Fosbrook,  South  Hants. 

3J^    miles    from    Fareham    Railway    Station. 

To    MARKET   GARDENERS.    FLORISTS,    FRUIT 

GROWERS,  and  OTHERS. 

TO  LET,  with  immediate  possession,  solely 
in  consequence  of  the  death  of  the  Manager,  a  range  of 
30  VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES,  ORCHARD,  CUCUM- 
BER, and  TOMATO  HOUSES,  covering  about  1%  Acte. 
The  Houses  are  heated  by  3  Boilers,  and  work  on  the  most 
economical  principles.  With  the  above  will  be  Let  14  acres  of 
LAND,  of  the  finest  quality,  partly  planted  with  Orchard 
Tiees.  now  in  full  bearing.  There  is  a  good  Manager's  House, 
and  I  Cottage.  The  climate  is  most  suitable,  and  one  of  the 
best  in  England  for  the  growth  of  Fruit.  Rcses,  Cut  Flowers. 
or  for  Market  Garden  purposes.  The  whole  of  the  plant  and 
stock  may  be  taken  by  valuation  in  the  usual  way. 

Further  particulars  may  be  had  of  C.  B.  SMITH  and 
GOLDSMITH,  Fareham  and  Portsea,  Hants. 

TO   LET,  on   easy   terms,    a    good    LAND- 
SCAPE and  JOBBING  BUSINESS,  with  Homestead. 
Established  1S70. 
T.  BROUGH,  Gloucester  Lodge,  Richmond  Hall,  Surrey. 


Vincent  Nurseries,  near  Plymouth. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  Lady-day  next,  for  a  Term 
ol  7,  14,  or  21  years,  these  well-known  NURSERIES, 
for  many  years  so  successfully  carried  on  by  the  late  Mr.  Pontey, 
and  since  by  Mr.  Serpell,  situated  about  a  mile  from  Plymouth, 
over  8  Acres  in  extent,  with  a  Dwelling-house,  Two  Gardener's 
Cottages,  large  Greenhouses,  Melon-pit,  &c. 

Apply    to    WOOLCOMBE    and    PRIDHAM,     Solicitors, 
Plymonth. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Rorlst  and  Seed 

BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   AND  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL      REGISTER      contains      full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  London.  E.C. 

To  Landed  Proprietors.  &c. 

AMcINTYRE    (late  of  Victoria  Park)   is 
•     now  at  liberty  to  undertake  the  FORMATION    and 
PLANTING  of  NEW  GARDEN  and  PARK  GROUNDS 
and  REMODELLING  existing  GARDENS.    Plans  prepared. 
115.  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market. 

Apply  R.  GILBERT.  High  Park,  Stamford. 


TDALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 

-L  tions.  &c. — Latania  borbonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  and 
Phoenix  reclinata,  seedlings,  12  inches  high,  41.  per  doz.  ;  ass. 
per  ICO.  Latania  borbonica.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  Euterpe  edulis,  Phcenix  reclinata,  and  Corypha  australis, 
20  inches  high,  i2j.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  zs.  2d.  each. 
Packages  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order.  A  few 
large  Feathery  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


CHEAP,      STRONG,      SOUND 
BULBS. 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  strong,  12s.  6d.  per  100. 

,,     NARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  gs.  per  100. 
PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  gj.  per  100. 
FINE  NAMED  HYACINTHS,  for  pots,  in  sorts,  5s.  per  doz. 
,,     ,,     „     for  borders,  16s.  per  100. 
„     „     CROCUS,  in  sorts,  2i.  per  100;  15^.  perioo. 
CATALOGUES    free    on    application. 
Special  Prices  for  Large  Quantities. 
FINE  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  ij.  per  pound. 
JOHN  SHAW,  Jun.,    Bulb  Importer  and  Seed  Merchant. 
10,  The  Downs,  Bowdon,  Cheshire. 

A.    B.    C. 
BUL.B    GUIDE. 


Prepared    with  very    much    care,   containiog    much    reliable 

information  upon  Bulbs  generally,  including  the 

following  families : — 

HYACINTHS.    TULIPS,    CROCUS.   SNOWDROPS, 

CHIONODOXAS,    GLADIOLUS,    &c. 
Very  extensive  lists  ofvarielies  of  these  are  included,  consist- 
ing of  nearly  every  variety  which  can  be  considered  worth 
growing, 

IRIS.-Of  these  I  hold  one  ol  the  finest  collections  in  the 
world,  six  pages  are  devoted  to  this  family  alone. 

HELLEEOEES,  or  CBRISTMAS  KOSES  arc  a  great 
specialty  at  Tottenham.  The  collection  is  very  complete,  and 
the  plants  are  exceptionally  good.     I  have  thousands  ol   fine, 

Strong,  healthy  clumps  of  the  varieties  major,  maxima 
caucaslca,  Madame  Fourcade.  and  many  others.  ' 

DAFFODILS  and  LILIES 

constitute  Part  II.  of  my  Bulb  Catalogue, 
Twenty-six  pages  bemg  devoted  to  them.  Both  families  are 
cultivated  by  me  most  estensively,  my  collection  including 
almost  every  variety  in  cultivation.  These  have  been  shown 
most  extensively  during  the  present  season  at  the  Great 
London  Shows,  and  have  be.-n  very  much  admired,  and  have 
done  much  to  assist  in  securing  for  nie  the  many  Awards  it 
has  been  my  pleasure  to  receive. 

Copies  of  this  most  complete  and  interesting  Catalogue  may 
be  had  gratuitously  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    8.    WARF, 

HALE      FARM      NURSERIES, 
TOTTENHAM,   LONDON. 


'EWBHACIliC  -r^  _  — 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAIL 

PRICE  CATALOCU E  POST  FREE ; 

JamesDicksoh&Sons 


HEWTON'^  NURSERIES 
108  EASTCATE  si 


CHESTER 


DAHLIAS 

IN  FULL  BLOOM. 


JK/TY LARGE  COLLECTION 

of  these  are  now  at  their 
best,  and  would  well  repay  a  visit 
from  any  of  the  Trade  interested 
in  them. 

Frequent  Trains  from  Liverpool 
Street  to  Tottenham,  Hale,  or  Seven 
Sisters  Stations, 


THOMAS    S.   WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


SPECIAL  NOTICE 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS 

Has  this  year  been  favoured  with  the  Orders  for  the 

whole  of  the    BULBS    required  for  the 

following  London  Parks,  &c.,  viz.  : — 


Hampton  Court. 

Regent's  Park. 

FiNsauRY  Park. 

Victoria  Pakic. 

SouTHWARK  Park 

Battkrska  Park. 

Victoria  Emdank 

Kennington  Pakk. 

LElCESTEi!    SqUAR 

Bethnal  Gkben  Museum. 

Chelsea   Embank 

■   Tenders,   in  open  cojnpetition,  having  been  accepted 
by  Her  Majesty's  Commissioners  of  Works  and 
the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works. 


EARLY    ORDERS    ARE    SOLICITED     FOR 

HYACINTHS  for  Pots  and  Beds. 

TULIPS  „  ,« 

NARCISSI  „  „ 

CROCUS. 

ANEMONES. 

RANUNCULUS. 

FREESIAS. 

LILIUMS. 

SNOWDROPS,  Ac,  &c. 


Special  quotations  will  he  given  for  large 
quantities  on  application. 


Illustrated  Bulb  Catalogue 

Is  N<rto  Ready,  and  will  be  foiiimrded,  Gratis  and 
Post-free,  to  all  applicants. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAV,  LONDON,  N. 


292 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Septembes  4,  1886. 


The  Z'^z'/y  Telegraph  ai  KMp.'-.i  20,  1886,  in  a  Leading  Article,  states  :— "Tomato  growers  in  the  Channel  Islands  seem  in  a  fair  way  of 
makmg  fortunes.     There  is  no  doubt  the  time  is  near  when  the  market  will  be  as  well  supplied  with  Tomatos  all  the  year  round  as  Cucumbers." 

THE  GUERNSEY  AND  JERSEY  FRUIT  AND  PRODUCE 

COMPANY,  LIMITED, 

Registered  under  the  Joint  Stock  Companies'  Acts,   1862  to  1883,  whereby  the  liability  of  the 
Shareholders  is  limited  to  the  amount  of  their  Shares. 

CAPITAL   £20,000,    IN^.OOcT^ARES  OF  £5    EACH. 

First  Issue  of  £15,000  (3,000  Shares)  without  premium,  a  number  of  which  have  been  already  taken  up  privately. 
Payable  £8  10s.  on  Allotment,  and  it  is  not  intended  at  present  to  call  up  more  than  £2  lOs.  per  Share. 


LONDON        BANKERS  -CAPITAL    and    counties     bank.     Head    Office    and    Jersey. 
.  ^v,,^^..,     ^,-r-.„r-  GUERNSEY     BAN KERS-COMMERCIAL  banking  company,  Illgh  Street. 

LONDON     OFFIOE-4,  Tokenhouse  Buildings,  Bank  of  England.  GUERNSEY   OFFI OE-Glasshouses  and  Vineries,  Courlil  de  Jacques. 

SECRETARY— EDWARD  oxenford  preston. 


MANAGER— henry  de  jersey. 


THE  GUERNSEY  and  JERSEY  FRUIT  and  PRODUCE 
CO.MPANY  (Limited)  has  been  established  for  ihe  purpose  of  Growing  Fruit  and  the 
Produce  generally  of  the  Channel  Islands,  and  also  for  Receiving  such  Produce  from  Growers 
and  Supplying  the  saine  direct  to  Consumers  and  Retail  Establishments.  The  Trade  has 
hitherto  been  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  private  growers,  except  two  local  companies  which 
have  paid  their  sha-eh.lders  from  12  to  20  per  cent,  dividends,  and  is  well  known  to  be  of  a  mast 
profitable  character. 


Upo; 
the  year 

The  Sales  of  Tomat. 
quarter  of 


I  Tair  estimate,  the  Directors  aotidpate  a  dlvideni  of  at  least  lo  to 

one  house  only,  for  the  week  ending  August  7, 
have  erected  on  the  Company'     " 
the  following  ;  — 


The  Directors  with  confidence  recomi 
a  fine  opening,  as  an.unusually  safe  and  re 
of  the  Company's  capital  is  being  invested 
CuUivalitn  of  Grapes,  Melons,  Tomato? 
from  the  ChaiinsI  Inlands  into  England. 

The  picperty  of  the  Company 

As  showing  the  Profit; 
Islands,  ihe  Directors  are 
holders  dividends  at  the  foil 


lend  ihc  operations  of  this  Company,  for  which  there  is 

nuneralive  investmeDt— safe,  because  nearly  the  whole 

ID  first-class  land  in  Guernsey,  aud  Glasshouses  for  the 

Beans,  aod  other  Choice  Fruits,  which  are  supplied 


Three 
Five 


which  prove  very 
)  feet  House, 
ditto. 


>  feet  Ho 


Total,   fourteen  long  Span  Glasshouses  and  large  Vinsry,  making  2 


state, to 

secure  the  coming 

One       I 

Bo  feet  House. 

Two 

ditto. 

Three 

ditto. 

Four 

ditto. 

Large  V 

nery,  45  feet  wide. 

total  of  a 

bout  iO,oo3  square 

in  value  with  the  growth  of  the  Vines. 

n  Frurt  and  Garden  Produce  of  the  Channel 
J  Companies  in  Guernsey  has  paid  its  Share- 


be  HorticuUnral  Times,  June  ao,  refers  to  the  Compiny  as  follow,  :- 

"The  developmant  of  Market  Gardening  in  the  Channel  Islands  has  often  been 
dealt  with  by  us,  and  we  are  glad  to  learn  that  effjrts  are  being  made  to  still  further 
prove  what,  under  high  culture,  the  land  will  produce.  The  Gurnsey  and  Jersey  Fruit 
and  Produce  Company  is  a  strikmg  example  of  this.  Incorporated  only  last  February — ■ 
when  its  estate  did  not  contain  a  single  glasshouse — it  his  n  ..w  50.000  square  feet  of 
glass  erected  \  Having  as  local  manager  one  of  the  most  successful  growers  in  Guernsey, 
with  economical  management,  half  the  capi;al  only  called  up,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
capital  invested  in  fieehold  land  and  houses,  and  of  progressing  value,  this  venture  will, 
we  predict,  succeed.  It  has  started  in  the  right  spot,  under  the  right  management,  and 
is  raising  the  right  sort  of  produce.  As  we  write,  we  have  specimens  of  the  Company's 
first  Tomato  consignment  before  us — grown  without  heat — and  we  can  vouch  for  their 
excellent  quality.     Colour  and  size  are  almost  perfect." 

-^  ■^//'?2Va//fl«j/(;r5/;<jri>j-,  stating  number  required,  can  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Guernsey  and  Jersey  Fruit  aiii  Produce  Company, 
4,  I okenhouse  Buildings,  Bank  of  England,  London,  E.C.;  or  to  the  Company's  Bankers.  Prospectuses  and  any  information  desired  will  be 
supplied  on  application. 


1880,  10  per  cent.  ) 

i88£.  It        ,,         [■  Extensive  building  operations  took  place  during  these  years. 

1882,  gj-  „    ) 

1883,  15   „ 
18S4,  30 

The  only  other  Vinery  Company  which  commenced  operations  recently  has  paid  its  Share- 
D.uers  12  per  cent.  *^ 


mARLINGTOXr  GOLD  MEDAL 

Are  now  supplied  direct  from  the  Manufactory,  at  Wholesale   -^    ^      T^TRT"^^^ 
Price,  there  being  no  Intermediate  Profits  whatever.  I    J  -*- v  J— it<-'>^-» 

HENRY   PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCC'RS,       pABRICS 


SPINNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS, 
and  Sole  Makers  of  the  Celebrated 

GOLD    MEDAL 


DAELIieTOI  DRESS  MBEICS, 


■iWo^  iijAsfc.i;^-iW*^CWVi'»-.>i'^ 


Ladies  are  at  liberty  to  change  any 
gjods  for  others  preferred  within 
seven  days,  and  should  not  fail  to 
see  our  large  box  of  Autumn  and 
Winter  patterns,  post  free. 


■n  by  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales,  and  which  are  supplied  to  the  public  from  their 
■  an  immense  saving,  invite  Ladies  in  any  part  of  the  world  to  send  Direct  to  Them  for 
i.  post-free,  of  their  new  makes  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Seasons,  which  embraces  every 
ariety  of  material  a  lady  can  possibly  desire,  and  of  which  the  Daily  Newi  says  :— 

The  union  of  warmtli  to  llgMness,  bo  necessary  to  health  Is  In  these 
materials  brought  to  perfection. 

The  fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed -English  Wool, 
be  It  understood-lmparts  the  admirable  quality  of  draping  in  those  soft  folds 
now  so  essential  from  the  point  of  view  of  fashion. 


These  fabrics  were  awarded,  at  the  all-England  competition,  the  ONLY  GOLD  MEDAL,  at 
the  BRADFORD  TECHNICAL  EXHIBITION  opened  by  the  Prince  of  Wales-  Also  the 
Highest  Prizes  at  the  Exhibitions  of  1851,  1862,  &c.,  and  wherever  exhibited- 


"'""  '  '  " ' '  " " "  ■'"" ■" "™--"""        AS  AN  ADDITIONAL  GUARANTEE  TO  LADIES 

that  we  are  the  actual  Manufacturers,  and  not  Advertising 
Drapers  or  Self-styled  Manufacturers,  we  subjoin  the  fol- 
lowing Certificate,  viz.  :  — 

"  Having  examined  The  '  Record  of  Wages  *  paid  by 
you.  we  hereby  certify  that  the  number  of  workpeople  em- 
ployed IN  THE  Production  of  vot;R  Manufactures  was, 
on  August  13,  1886, 

ONE  THOUSAND  AND  TWENTY-SIX. 

— MoNKHOUSE,  GoDDABD  &  Co  ,  Chartered  Accountants, 
Middle^borough  and  London,  August  16,  1886." 

SPECIAL  ATTENTION  is  directed  to  our  celebrated  CROSS-WARP  SERGES,  which,  alike,  resist  the  effects  ol  weather  and  sea,  lOJd.  to  3s.  per  yard  ;  for 
Mens  and  Boy's  wear  (including  the  •■Clerical"  Serge),  these  wiU  be  found  "clear  away"  the  best  value  procurable,  28.  to  8s.  6(1.  per  yard  (56-m.  wide).  Our 
GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,  in  aU  the  New  Colourings,  from  Is,  9i.  to  3a.  lid.  per  yard.  NEW  and  FASHIONABLE  COSTUME  CLOTHS  in  great  variety, 
from  6id.  to  5s.  pBr  yard,  including  "  The  LOWSTOCK,"  "  The  ASHEHURST,"  "  The  DAMIETTA,"  "  The  KHAIBER,"  '■  The  SHUML.A"  ■■  The  TARAP.^CA  ' 
"The   PANAMA,"   "The   HOLSTEIN,"    "The  ZEELAND,"  &c. 

CHARMING   NOVELTIES  in  SKIRTINGS,   including   "The  YESSO,"    "The   NINGPO,"  "The  FOO-CHOO,"  &c. 
THE  DARLINGTON  BLANKETS  (sent  on  approbatior.)  are  warranted  Pure  Wool.     Money  returned  if  not  approved  of.    In  all  sIziS  and  four  different  qualities. 

premises.     Sent  on  approval. 


THE  DARLINGTON  MEN'S  UNDERCLOTHING  (Pants  and  Vests),  all  Pure  Wool,  are  made 


Address-HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS, 

SPINNERS   and   MANUFACTURERS,    THE    MILLS,    DARLINGTON.     Established,  1752. 

PleasB  mention  "Gardeners'  Chronicle,"  In  sending  for  Patterns. 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


CARTERS' 

EARLY   BULBS 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful  While  and  Coloured 
Flowers  for  Christmas  Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Eirtlest  WWte  Roman  HYACINTHS. 
The  Largest  Bulbs  of  the  Year. 

//  V  do  not  keep  a  Secomi  Size. 
Per  100,  isf.  :    per  dozen,  ai.  yt. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  lew.  kei. :  per  dozen,  ij.  6t/. 

CARTERS'  Paper-white  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  10s.  6d.  :  per  dozen,  \s.  fid, 

CARTERS'  Red  and  Yellow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  ICO,  4i.  bd.  ;  per  dozen,  grf. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  103,  3J.  bd.  ;  per  dozen,  bd, 
ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 
For  further  particulars,  see 

Carters'  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 

Warrants  to 

H.M.  the  Queen, 

and  His  Royal  Highness 

the  Prince  of  Wales, 


2^8,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


SPECIAL     CASH     OFFER. 
PLANTS  in  Flower  and  Bud. 
GARDENIAS,  i  to  2  feet  high,  and  bushy,  in  48's,  showing 

bud,  21J.  to  245.  per  dozen. 
TREE   CARNATIONS,   in  bud    and    flower,  six    varieties, 

in  48's,  iSf.  per  dozen. 
BOUVARDIAS,  fine  plants,  in  six  rarieties,  in  48's  and  32"s, 
\is.  to  i8j.  per  dozen.     Pacltage  extra. 
JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 

4 


FLOWERS  AT  CHRISTMAS. 


SUTTON'S 

BULBSforEARLY  FORCING 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS- 
SINGLE   WHITE,   finest  selected. 

,.  second  size. 

SINGLE    BLUE. 

EARLY    NARCISSI- 
DOUBLE  ROMAN. 

PAPER- WHITE. 


"  The  Bulbs  you  sent  me  are  splen- 
did. A  more  perfect  lot  It  would  be 
difficult  to  flnd.'-Mr.  A.  BREWERY, 
Gardener  to  A.  H.  Easten,  Escl., 
Patrlngton. 


For  full  particulars,  see 

SUTTON'S    BULB    CATALOGUE, 


SUTTON    &    SONS, 

THE        QUEEN'S        SEEDSMEN, 
BEADING. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

The  Three  Best  Sorts. 
PRESIDENT,  )  Well-established,  in  small 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON.  V     PMs,  7«.  trf.  per  100,  70J. 

VICOMTESSE  H.  DE  THURY, 


Cash.     Extra  plani 
prepared  for  foi  cing 


55.  per  100,  45i.  per  1000. 
.  for  carriage.  Package  free.  Specially 
r.  planting  out.    Sure  to  produce  heavy 


H.  I.  HARDY.  Stout  Valley  Seed  Grounds.  Bures,  Suffolk. 


EARLY  FORCING  AND  OTHER 
FliOWEBINQ 

BULBS 

of  finest  quality,  in  endless  variety, 
at  moderate  prices. 

Catalogues  grain  and  post  free  on  application. 

LITTLE     &     BALLANTYNE, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

CARLISLE. 


WEBBS' 


FREE  BY  POST  I 
OR  RAIL.       I 


ROMAN    HYACINTHS. 

Eatly  White,  selected  roDts  ..      is.  6J.  per  dni;. 

Ditto  ....  i6j.  per  loo. 

Finest  named  Hyacinths 6s.  to  iss.  per  doz. 

POLYANTHUS    NARCISSUS. 

Double  Rooran grf.  each,  2S.  per  doz. 

Paper  White       ^d.  each,  2s.  per  dor, 

EARLY    TULIPS. 


WEBBS' 
BULB  CATALOGUE, 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRID6E. 


PB.IZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TKEES, 
Kentish    Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,   FRHS.    Calcot  Gardens,    Reading. 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS    on    application. 


B  U  L  B  S. 

Illustrated  Priced  CATALOGUE  of  HYA- 
CINTHS, TULIPS,  and  other  BULBS,  con- 
taining the  best  of  everything,  and  low  in  price, 
may  be  had,  Post-free,  on  application  to 

WM.     PAUL    &    SON, 

PAULS'    NURSERIES, 
WALTHAM     CROSS. 


AFRICAN     TUBEROSES, 

AND    LILiaU    HABBISIT, 

Grown  by  Wm.  Risley,  Matitsburg,  Natal. 

THE  TRADE  and  GROWERS 
are  hereby  informed  that  the  reports  of  this  season's 
growth  are  of  the  most  hopeful  description.  The  Bulbs  promise 
to  be  superior  to  any  hitherto  offered  in  the  market. 

Orders  are  now  being  booked  freely  for  delivery  in  AUGUST 
and  SEPTEMBER,  and  Buyers  are  advised  to  make  an  early 
applicat'on.  Quotations  very  low. — Terms— net  cash.  For 
prices  and  full  particulars  apply  to 

WM.  G.  MAC  GREGOR, 

17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E,C. 


THE 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER   4,    1886. 


MOOR     PARK. 

THIS  Park,  close  to  Rickmansworth,  Herts, 
derives  its  fame  from  several  owners  who 
were  either  great  historic  figures  or  wealthy 
men  who  lavished  money  on  its  adornment. 
The  park  of  600  acres,  which  is  now  most 
beautifully  set  with  timber  trees  of  great  size, 
was  enclosed  by  royal  licence  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  by  one  of  the  most  magnificent  and 
ambitious  members  of  the  great  family  of 
Nevile,  George  Nevile,  Archbishop  of  York, 
and  brother  of  Earl  Warwick,  the  King-maker. 
A  wonderful  garden,  with  terraces  and  fountains, 
clipped  trees,  and  smooth  bowling-greens,  but 
few  flowers,  still  a  wonderful  garden  for  England 
in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  well  described  in  Lord 
hyV.oviS  Last  of  the  Barons,  was  here  formed 
by  that  accomplished  prelate.  The  ne.\t  great 
owner  was  another  towering  churchman.  Car- 
dinal Wolsey,  who  lived  here  in  state,  leaving 
a  name  which  is  still  attached  to  an  old  and 
hollow  Oak  beneath  which  he  is  said  to  have 
reclined  himself. 

The  Moor,  or  More  as  it  was  sometimes 
called,  was  then  forfeited  to  the  Crown,  and 
afterwards  leased  to  the  Countess  of  Bedford, 
who  created  a  second  edition  of  amous  gardens, 
which  Sir  William  Temple,  owner  of  the  other 
Moor  Park,  near  Farnham,  extolled  as  the  best 
of  that  time,  describing  the  Moor  as  "  the 
sweetest  place  that  I  have  ever  seen  in  my  life." 
The  Duke  of  Monmouth,  the  eldest  of  the 
numerous  sons  of  Charles  II.,  that  father  of  a 
great  many  of  his  people,  as  one  of  the  wits 
said,  was  the  next  distinguished  owner.  He 
was  the  first  M.F.H.,  collecting  a  pack  of 
hounds  which  were  trained  to  hunt  the  fox — a 
novel  sport  two  hundred  years  ago.  After  his 
execution  his  duchess  is  absurdly  said  to  have 
decapitated  the  Oaks  in  the  park  to  spite  the 
Royal  Navy.  Unhappily,  after  an  early 
marriage,  when  the  Duke  was  twelve  years 
old,  they  had  been  separated  for  years,  and 
some  other  cause  than  the  one  assigned  must 
be  sought  for  the  pollarding  of  some  of  the 
Oaks  near  the  house,  which  are  now,  like  the 
pollarded  Burnham  Beeches,  the  most  sturdy 
and  picturesque  in  the  whole  collection  of  noble 
specimens  which  form  the  boast  of  Moor  Park. 

Mr.  Styles,  a  wealthy  speculator,  bought  the 
place  of  the  Duchess,  to  whom  the  estate  had 
been  res'.ored  after  the  forfeiture  consequent  on 
the  high  treason  of  her  husband,  and  expended 
/ 1 50,000  on  the  house  and  gardens.  This  was 
the  third  edition  of  the  later,  and  the  latest  of 
the  former.  A  fourth  edition  of  the  gardens 
and  grounds,  at  a  cost  of  ^80,000,  was  due  to 
Lord  Anson,  the  great  sailor,  who  destroyed,  so 
far  as  he  could,  all  traces  of  Mr.  Styles  around 
the  house,  and  built  a  temple,  yet  standing, 
which  he  dedicated  to  the  winds.  The  accom- 
plished Horace  Walpole  came  down  here  and 
complained,  like  the  caustic  scold  he  was,  of 
the  scooping  out  of  the  ground  on  the  north 
front  by  "  Capability  "  Bro\vn,  who  removed  thg 


294 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  4,  1886. 


obstructing  earth  which  hid  the  distant  view. 
I  was  not  aware  of  the  "  scooping  "  at  the  time 
of  my  visit,  but  I  admired,  as  all  must  do,  the 
unimpeded  view  adown  what  seemed  a  natural 
valley,  great  Oaks  flanking  the  hollow,  and  then 
afar  a  delightful  rural  landscape,  the  valley  of 
the  river  Colne  and  the  tower  of  Watford 
Church  in  the  distance. 

Of  the  Grosvenors  who  followed  the  before-named 
and  other  owners,  and  now  hold  possession—"  Long 
may  they  reign  !  "—the  second  earl  of  Grosvenor,  who 
was  created  Marquis  of  Westminster  in  1831,  pur- 
chased Moor  Park  in  1828,  and  very  greatly  improved 
it  for  its  present  owner,  the  venerable  Lord  Ebury, 
his  third  son,  who  was  long  know  to  the  country  as 
Lord  Richard  Grosvenor.  So  much  for  the  peers  ! 
Now  for  the  plants,  small  and  large.  One  of  the 
largest  trees  of  its  kind  in  England,  if  not  quite  the 
largest,  is  the  famous  Spruce  in  the  old  pleasure 
garden.  The  trunk  divides  near  the  base  into  three 
great  boles,  bearing  an  immense  mass  of  foliage,  and 
reaching  a  height  of  at  least  100  feet,  while  the  size 
of  the  tree,  or  rather  the  group  of  parent  and  off- 
spring, is  increased  by  the  growth  of  a  numerous 
progeny,  which  have  sprung.  Banyan-like,  from  the 
ends  of  the  drooping  branches  at  a  distance  of  20  feet 
from  the  main  trunk.  Some  Conifers  not  unfrequently 
exhibit  this  kind  of  reproductive  energy,  but  one 
would  hardly  expect  to  find  a  family  of  Spruces  rising 
in  this  way  around  the  parent  stock,  on  dry,  high 
ground,  freely  exposed  to  sun  and  air.  This  parti- 
cular tree  may  have  been  planted  by  Mr.  Styles,  or 
even  by  the  Duchess  of  Monmouth,  and  many  of 
the  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  Yews,  and  deciduous  trees  in 
this  same  shrubbery  are  probably  of  the  same  date  ; 
but  its  choicest  ornaments  are  of  later  date,  and  were 
planted  by  the  Marquis  of  Westminster  and  Lord 
Ebury.  Many  of  the  exotic  Conifers  derived  from 
both  hemispheres  during  the  last  half-century  or  more 
are  represented  in  the  form  of  large  specimens  ;  and 
as  Rhododendrons  and  Kalmias  grow  here  like  weeds, 
the  beauty  of  the  spot,  with  its  pond  and  peacocks, 
smooth  open  lawns,  and  Lord  Anson's  temple  in  the 
midst,  can  be  imagined.  There  are  little  gates  and 
side  entrances  into  the  old  pleasure-grounds,  but  no 
doubt  when  the  Queen  and  Prince  Albert  visited 
Moor  Park  in  1S46,  the  Queen  Dowager  joining  them 
from  Cassiobury,  where  she  resided  from  1846  to 
1848,  the  royal  party  entered  by  the  broad  flight 
of  steps.  From  the  top  of  this  grand  approach 
you  look  down  upon  the  four-storeyed  house  at  a  little 
distance,  and  around  upon  a  beautiful  and  undulating 
park,  which  can  hardly  be  matched  for  the  size  and 
beauty  of  its  timber.  We  may  suppose  that  the 
royal  party  would  then  be  escorted  by  a  long  and 
winding  path  to  the  highest  ground  of  the  shrubbery, 
and  that  royalty,  a  little  fatigued  by  the  exertion, 
would  admire  from  among  the  trees  the  wondrous  lair 
landscape  that  lies  around— Watford,  a  warm  patch  of 
red  among  the  trees  ;  the  spires  'of  St  Alban's,  and 
Ilarrow-on-the-Hill,  whose  ambitious  steeple  |is  seen 
from  almost  everywhere. 

There  are  20  acres  of  this  hill  and  arboretum,  which 
probably  rose  bare-backed  or  only  plainly  planted  in 
Wolsey's  time,  and  the  shades  of  green  in  May, 
when  each  deciduous  tree  wore  a  new  robe,  and  each 
evergreen  a  renovated  cloak,  were  delicious.  There 
are  Cedars  and  Araucarias— how  different  their  hues  ! 
Here  are  bright  green  Thuias,  pale  green  Chestnuts, 
and  paler  Oaks.  To  catch  all  the  tints  from  sombre 
Yew  to  light  deciduous  Cypress,  an  artist  must  mix 
his  colours  shrewdly.  But  the  most  gorgeous  colours 
in  the  grounds  were  on  the  necks  and  tails  of  several 
male  peacocks,  strutting  about  among  their  hens. 
They  seem  very  obliging  birds  when  they  are  asked 
to  do  what  it  is  known  they  delight  in.  If  you  say  at 
the  proper  moment,  when  the  hens  are  attentive  and 
rivals  not  far  off,  "  Display  your  tail,  beautiful  bird," 
it  is  done  at  once  ;  and  then  If  you  approach  too 
close,  and  command  the  creature  to  desist,  he  will 
shut  up  his  extended  fan  and  recommence  the  exhibi- 
tion further  oft  !  The  hens  sit  well  here  among  the 
shrubs,  and  a  common  family  consists  of  five  young 
ones. 

An  Italian  garden,  not  too  formal  to  be  nicely 
planted  with  shrubs,  divides  the  north  front  of  the 
house  from  the  park,  and  passes,  without  interposing 
fence,  into  a  less  formal  stretch  of  planted  lawn 
enveloping  the  west  front,  and  sloping  away  to  a 
delightful   fernery,   a  most   pleasant   retreat   at    the 


further  corner  of  the  garden.  The  Cedars  of  Lebanon 
here  are  of  first-rate  size,  and  many  notable  evergreens, 
trees  and  shrubs,  with  one  among  them  which  is  not 
so  often  met  with  as  it  deserves,  the  Hemlock  Spruce — 
a  common  tree,  but  one  of  uncommon  beauty  when 
grown  to  a  large  size,  as  is  another  common  tree,  the 
English  Elm,  a  noble  specimen  of  which  stands  on 
the  lawn,  where  it  sheds  its  small  leaves  in  the  season 
and  makes  a  great  litter,  but  is  worth  all  the  labour 
it  occasions,  being  so  thoroughly  English  and  so 
stately.  The  largest  of  two  great  Portugal  Laurels 
on  the  terrace  is  31  feet  in  diameter. 

The  Fruit  Garden. 
It  is  time  to  pay  a  brief  visit  to  the  kitchen  gardens, 
which  are  remarkable,  and  bespeak  in  their  appear- 
ance the  watchful  skill  of  Mr.  Mundell,  the  presiding 
genius  of  the  varied  horticulture  of  Moor  Park.  In 
these  days  one  becomes  somewhat  hardened  to  the 
achievements  of  gardeners  under  glass.  I  saw  five 
vineries  and  four  Peach-houses  and  others  in  excellent 
condition,  and  I  must  confess  to  have  found  nothing 
more  interesting  in  the  various  houses  and  pits  than 
the  choice  collection  of  hardy  Ferns  in  one  of  them, 
notwithstanding  the  Orchids  and  other  rarities.  Even 
among  the  exotic  Ferns  there  are  few  more  beautiful 
than  a  large  specimen  of  Polystichum  plumosum,  an 
exquisite  plant,  with  most  delicate  foliage.  Mr. 
Mundell  has  the  Axminster  variety  of  this  hardy 
Fern.  Even  flowers  may  not  always  detain  an 
admirer  who  may  happen  to  be  on  the  wing,  but  few 
would  resist  lingering  in  one  of  the  houses  here  which 
is  entirely  devoted  to  blossoming  plants,  and  presents 
always  the  gayest  possibleappearance.  Anexperienced 
and  accomplished  duchess  bearing  a  great  historic  name, 
and  passing  through  this  house  during  my  call,  com- 
plimented Mr.  Mundell  on  his  "beautiful  flowers," 
and  as  a  gardener  who  pleases  the  ladies,  and  espe- 
cially the  duchesses,  achieves  success,  I  will  give  the 
names  of  a  few  of  the  most  useful  plants  in  this  house. 
Hanging  from  the  roof  above  is  Clematis  indivisa 
lobata,  which  had  produced  a  continuous  supply  of 
pure  white  flowers  since  February,  a  period  of  ten 
weeks,  at  a  time  when  flowers,  especially  white 
ones,  are  most  valuable.  Another  most  useful  plant 
for  those  who  are  called  on  to  supply  loads  of  flowers 
for  decoration  is  a  Fielder's  White  Azalea,  a  fine 
specimen  of  which  stands  here  8  feet  high  and  6  feet 
through,  and  was  still  covered  with  pure  white  blossoms, 
after  having  yielded  baskets  and  baskets  full  of  cut 
flowers  during  many  weeks  past.  This  second  crop 
of  flowering  plants,  the  Azaleas  generally  and  the 
Camellias  having  been  removed,  includes  Calceo- 
larias, Deutzia  gracilis,  Rhodanthe,  Sikkim  Rhodo- 
dendrons, Genista,  Eupatorium,  the  Ball  of  Fire 
Tropffiolum,  Salvias,  and  many  others,  and  among 
them  the  common  white  Arum  of  cottage  windows  lilts 
its  pure  white  blossom,  too  beautiful  to  be  abashed  even 
amid  the  highest  aristocracy  of  Flora's  court.  The 
next  floral  display,  when  the  present  one  has  passed, 
will  consist  of  Pelargoniums,  tuberous-rooted  Be- 
gonias, zonal  Pelargoniums,  Schizanthus,  Fuchsias, 
and  others.  Chrysanthemums,  which  are  first-rate 
here,  and  of  many  choice  sorts,  including  150  varie- 
ties, will  follow. 

Mr.  Mundell's  house  in  the  gardens,  looking  due 
south,  is  thickly  covered  with'whiteand  yellow.  Bank- 
sian  Roses.  On  a  neighbouring  wall  Weigela  Loys- 
manni  aurea  makes  a  conspicuous  display.  The  soil 
consists  of  a  warm  gravel-loam  resting  on  chalk  20  feet 
deep,  and  the  whole  of  the  kitchen  garden  slopes  to  the 
south.  Aspect  and  soil  are  both  suited  to  the  ripen- 
ing of  fruits  and  the  health  of  tender  plants.  The 
extent  of  the  garden  is  8  acres,  lofty  walls  enclosing 
5  acres,  while  the  space  devoted  to  wall  fruit  is 
increased  by  a  lower  division  wall  across  the  centre. 
On  one  of  the  high  walls  are  a  number  of  fan  and 
standard-trained  Apricots,  the  oft'spring  of  the 
original  Moor  Park  Apricot  which  Lord  Anson  intro- 
duced and  "which  died  in  1846.  These  were  well 
set  with  fruit  alter  producing  many  bushels  last  year. 
The  trees  which  produced  the  517  varieties  of 
Apples  which  were  sent  to  the  Apple  Congress 
border  the  central  walk  of  the  garden  and  occupy 
very  little  room,  being  admirably  trained  on  the 
Paradise  stock  in  the  form  of  bushes,  hollow  as  a 
goblet  in  the  centre,  and  none  of  them  exceeding 
5  feet  in  height.  All  the  fruit  trees  are  admirably 
trained.  Some  of  the  walks  are  lined  with  pyramidal 
Pear  and  Plum  trees,  and  the  upper  walk,  running 
parallel  with  the  Apricot  wall,  and  with  a  lean-to 
Peach-house  built  against  the  same  wall,  is  margined 


with  umbrella-trained  Pear  trees.  This  system  of 
training  is  especially  adapted  to  trees  with  slender 
branches  and  a  weeping  habit,  such  as  Josephine  de 
Malines,  Winter  Nelis,  and  the  old  Seckle  Peats, 
which  all  weep  freely. 

In  passing  through  the  lean-to  Peach-house  I 
admired  the  robust  growth  of  the  Roses,  Gloire  de 
Dijon,  and  others,  trained  up  the  pillars  with  stems 
as  thick  as  a  man's  wrist.  A  quantity  of  Fuchsias  at 
the  back]  in  pots  were  removed  into  the  house  of 
perpetual  blossoms  in  July.  Strawberries  are  well 
grown  here,  in  proof  whereof  a  pound  weight  per 
diem  had  been  gathered  since  March  i— eleven  weeks. 
The  price  of  this  fruit  in  London  had  been  I2f,  and 
141.  per  pound. 

Twelve  gardeners  are  employed  here,  and  the 
young  men  are  made  comfortable  in  a  capital  well 
managed  bothy,  where  the  horticultural  papers  are 
taken  in.  I  must  not  conclude  without  mentioning 
the  Moor  Park  Horticultural  Society,  which  is  highly 
successful  in  promoting  good  gardening  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. H.  E. 


PHAIUS  HUMBLOTII,  Rchb.  f. 
If  you  can  forgive  this  plant  for  being  a  Pbaius 
whose  flowers  are  not  as  lasting  as  those  of  certain 
Vandas,  Miltonias,  or  Cattleyas,  then  you  must  admit 
its  beauty.  It  would  appear  to  be  very  scarce.  I 
had  last  year  a  flower  from  Mr.  Peelers,  St.  Gilles, 
Brussels,  and  now  I  have  a  raceme  at  hand,  kindly 
sent  me  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P., 
P.  R,  H.  S.  Both  the  sepals  and  petals  are  rather  broad, 
nearly  as  in  Warrea  tricolor,  and  Aganisia  cyanea, 
and  the  lip  shows  large  lateral  side  lacinise  and  a 
broad,  nearly  reniform,  wavy  mid  lacinia.  The  sepals 
and  petals  are  of  a  fine  purple.  The  petals  outside 
have  a  longitudinal  white  stripe,  divided  by  a  narrow 
purple  line.  Side  lacinioe  of  the  lip  with  brown 
stripes  and  bars  on  a  white  ground  outside,  brown 
inside,  mid-lacinia  light  purple.  A  white  line  runs 
over  the  middle  underneath.  The  callus  is  clavate, 
sulcate  at  the  base,  running  with  its  narrow  end  on  to 
the  disc  of  the  central  lacinia,  hairy  at  the  base,  fine 
yellow.  Column  whitish,  with  green  top.  Sit  Trevor 
declares  it  "second  only  to  Phaius  tuberculosus ? 
The  leaves  and  bulbs  are  in  habit  and  general 
appearance  like  those  of  the  old  P.  grandifolius,  but 
the  former  are  not  so  large  or  nearly  of  such  firm  tex- 
ture, and  are  paler  in  colour.  The  bulbs  are  much 
smaller,  and  throw  roots  from  their  upper  surface. 
The  flower-spike  springs  from  the  underside  of  the 
mature  bulb,  a  little  in  front,  but  not  in  connection 
with  the  young  shoot.  The  delicate  leaf-texture 
makes  the  leaves  a  toothsome  morsel  for  tbrips,  &c. ' 
All  those  remarks  are  Sir  Trevor's.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f, 

Cypripedium  concolor  (Parish)   chlorO- 

PHYLLUM. 

Mr.  R.  Eichel  (gardener  to  J.  Charlesworth,  Esq.) 
kindly  sends  a  leaf  and  flower  of  a  Cypripedium  im- 
ported by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  and  collected  by  his  excel- 
lent traveller  Mr.  Foerstermann  (whose  remarks  about 
Vanda  hastifera  I  quoted  when  I  spoke  of  Vanda 
Lindeni,  p.  70).  The  flower  is  full  of  small  spots, 
and  the  leaf  is  free  from  any  marbling.  Mr.  Foerster- 
mann, who  was  present  when  the  box  arrived,  told 
me  he  found  specimens  with  green  leaves,  others  with 
little  marbling,  but  the  majority  with  well  marbled 
leaves.  H.  J.  Rchb.  f. 

CVRTOPERA    REGNIERI,  «.  Sp.* 

A  stately  rival  of  Cyttopera  flava,  Lindl.,  bearing 
a  raceme  of  fine,  large,  chrome-yellow  flowers.  The 
peduncle  stands  at  the  side  of  the  shoot  of  young 
oblong-lanceolate  leaves.  Both  sepals  and  petals  are 
lanceolate  acute,  all  falcate.  The  lip  is  of  unusual 
shape,  being  oblong-lanceolate,  with  a  wide  blunt 
angle  at  each  side  in  the  middle.  It  forms,  with  the 
lateral  sepal,    a  conical,    retrorse,   compressed  chin, 

*  Cyrtopera  Regnit-n,  ii.  sp. — Atf.  Cyrtoper^  flavae,  Lindl.  : 
pseudobulbj  tranjverso  oblongo  lumido  articulato  ;  foliis  lanceo- 
late oblongisacutis  ;  pedunculo  alatoracemoso ;  sepalispetalisque 
falcatis,  laoello  oblongo  a':uto  utrinqiie  medio  semiovato  auri- 
culato,  meolo  conico  compresso  retrorso.  Flores  pulchre  flavi. 
Cochin  China.    Regnier  legit  vivamque  misit.  H,  G.  Rckh.f. 


September  4,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


295 


thus  being  widely  distinct  from  the  rather  well-known 
Cyrtopcra  flava,  Lindl. ,  which  I  once  received  fresh 
from  the  Royal  Exotic  Nursery  of  Messrs.  J. 
Veitch  &  Sons.  Column  trigonous.  Anther  trans- 
verse, with  two  blunt,  very  short  horns.  Flowers 
not  quite  so  large  as  those  of  the  just  named  Cyrtopera 
flava.  It  was  discovered  in  Cochin  China,  by 
Mons.  Regnier,  horticulturist,  who  has  now  got  it 
flowering  at  his  establishment  at  Fontenay-sur- 
Bois,  and  whose  name  it  justly  bears.  Mons.  Regnlet 
has  also  in  flower  the  red-lipped  Vanda  Roxburgh!, 
R.  Br.,  from  Cochin  China.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 

No.  IX. 
India  (continued).— 'iityA  to  the  native  shops 
referred  to  in  our  last  notice  the  seed  and  grain 
trophy  is  perhaps  the  most  popular ;  standing,  as  it 
does,  in  the  centre  of  the  court,  it  cannot  fail  to  be 
seen,  if  not  actually  admired  by  all.  The  seeds  used 
in  the  decoration  of  the  trophy  are  very  varied,  and 
they  are  here  arranged  more  for  effect  than  actual 
use,  patterns  being  worked  out  according  to  colour. 
As  this  aspect  of  the  trophy,  however,  is  not  within 
our  province  to  cricicise  we  will  briefly  notice  some 
of  the  seeds  used  in  carrying  out  the  design,  and  this 
may  be  the  more  interesting,  as  the  seeds  are  not 
named,  and,  indeed,  from  the  nature  of  the  design, 
it  would  be  impossible  to  do  so.  The  following  are 
amongst  the  seeds  used  :— The  Physic  Nut  (Jatropha 
cuicas),  the  oil  of  which  is  a  powerful  purgative.  The 
plant  is  a  bush  or  shrub,  native  of  tropical  America, 
but  introduced  and  now  grown  in  most  tropical 
countries.  These  seeds  are  about  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  long,  and  of  a  dirty  black  colour.  Here  are 
also  the  seeds  of  the  Gingelly,  Benne,  or  Teel  (Sesa- 
mum  indicum),  the  oil  of  which  is  very  extensively 
used  in  India  for  culinary  and  a  variety  of 
other  purposes.  The  oil  is  brought  to  this 
country  in  very  large  quantities,  and  used  as  a 
lamp  oil,  in  soap  making,  and  for  mixing  with 
Olive  oil.  Cold  drawn  Sesamum  oil  is  used  in  France 
and  Italy  for  salads,  and  the  lamp-black  used  in  China 
and  Japan  for  making  the  best  Chinese  ink  is  pro- 
cured by  burning  Sesamum  oil.  The  seeds  are  small, 
somewhat  flattened,  and  Pear-shaped,  and  vary  con- 
siderably in  colour,  from  a  dingy  white  through 
various  shades  of  brown  to  black.  The  combined 
violet  and  green  tints  of  the  Pistachio-nut  (Pistacia 
vera)  causes  it  to  be  distinct  in  appearance  from  its 
neighbours.  In  consequence  of  its  pleasant  taste  the 
Pistachio-nut  is  eaten  in  large  quantities,  not  only  in 
India  but  on  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean.  Some- 
times they  are  cooked  and  eaten  with  salt  and  pepper. 
The  oil  has  a  very  agreeable  smell,  and  is  occasionally 
used  in  perfumery,  or  for  scenting  soaps.  Pistachio- 
nuts  can  be  obtained  in  this  country,  but  are  not  so 
well  known  as  they  deserve  to  be. 

Another  well-known  oil-seed,  which  is  in  itself 
edible,  is  the  Ground-nut  or  Monkey-nut,  as  it  is 
sometimes  called  (Arachis  hypogsa),  an  annual 
herb,  probably  of  American  origin,  but  now  grown 
very  largely  in  all  warm  climates,  both  as  a  food  and 
for  the  sake  of  the  oil  contained  in  the  seed,  but 
more  especially  for  the  latter  purpose.  The  oil  is  of 
a  sweet  limpid  character,  and  is  much  used  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  or  mixing  with  Olive-oil,  and  also  for 
making  pomades,  soaps,  burning  in  lamps,  and  for 
various  other  uses.  The  Ground-nut  is  well  known 
for  its  habit  of  pushing  its  young  fruit  under  the 
surface  of  the  soil  and  there  ripening,  from  which 
habit  its  common  name  is  derived. 

In  the  genus  Bassia  the  best  known  species  are 
B.  latifolia  and  E.  Inngifolia ;  both  of  these  have 
shiny  brown  seeds,  with  a  broad  rough  scar  on  one 
side  running  the  entire  length  o(  the  seed,  which 
averages  from  I  to  i  J  inch.  The  former  species  is  a 
large  deciduous  tree,  common  in  the  forests  of  Central 
India,  and  cultivated  and  self-sown  throughout  India 
generally.  Gamble  describes  the  oil  obtained  from 
this  species  as  having  a  greenish-yellow  colour,  and 
says  it  "is  eaten  by  the  Gouds  and  other  Central 
Indian  tribes,  and  is  now  used  to  adulterate  glue,  and 
in  soap-making.  It  solidifies  at  a  low  temperature, 
but  melts  at  a  temperature  of  iio'^,  and  though  it 
keeps  well  in  a  cold  climate,  in  a  hot  one  it  soon 
becomes  rancid,  and  separates  into  two  parts — a  clear 
fluid  oil  above,  and  a  thick  brown  substance  below. 
One  seer  of  oil  is  obtained  from  four  seers  of  kernels." 
The  tree  is  generally  known  as  the  Mahwa,  and  is 


celebrated  for  the  fleshy  flowers  or  corollas,  which  are 
eaten  as  food,  or  distilled  for  the  spirit  which  is 
obtained  from  them. 

Bassia  longifolia  is  a  large  evergreen  tree  growing 
in  South  India  and  Ceylon,  and  known  in  each 
country  respectively  as  lUupi  and  Mee.  From  the 
seeds  an  oil  is  expressed  which  is  used  for  similar 
purposes  to  the  last  named,  as  are  also  the  flowers. 
Amongst  other  oil  seeds  shown  in  the  trophy  are  the 
Castor  (Ricinus  communis),  the  varieties  of  which  are 
very  numerous,  some  of  the  seeds  being  of  a  reddish 
or  chocolate-brown  colour,  while  others  are  nearly 
black,  They  also  vary  much  in  size,  from  a  quarter 
to  half  an  inch  or  even  6ve-eighth  inch  long.  The 
castor  oil  of  commerce  is  obtained  either  by  simple 
expression  or  by  expression  with  a  certain  amount  of 
heat ;  that  obtained  by  the  first  process,  known  as  cold- 
drawn  castor  oil,  is  the  best.  The  Castor-oil  plant  is 
originally  a  native  of  India,  but  is  now  widely  dis- 
persed through  tropical  and  warm  countries,  in  the 
former  of  which  it  grows  to  a  height  of  about  40  feet, 
becoming  much  smaller  in  warm  climates,  while  in 
colder  climes  it  is  known  as  an  annual. 

Sunflower  (Helianthusannuus),and  Linseed  (Linum 
usitatissimum),  both  of  the  brown  and  white  varieties, 
are  here  shown  ;  besides  many  varieties  of  food  seeds 
and  grains,  such  as  Lentils  (Lens  esculenta),  Dolichos 
Lablab,  green  grain  (Phaseolus  mungo),  ordinary 
grain  (Cicer  arietinum).  Job's  Tears  (Coix  lachryma). 
Maize  (Zea  Mays),  &c. 

Of  the  very  extensive  collection  of  fibres,  which  has 
attracted  a  considerable  amount  of  attention  amongst 
specialists,  it  would  be  difficult  to  speak  without  a  very 
extended  notice  ;  it  will,  therefore,  suffice  to  draw 
attention  to  the  Glenvock  Company's  exhibits  of 
China-grass  (Bcehmeria  nivea),  and  fabrics  made  of 
the  (ibre,  showing  what  can  be  done  with  this  useful 
Nettle.  The  leaves  of  Puya  fibre,  from  Maoutia  Puya, 
will  also  attract  attention,  indicating  as  it  does  what 
might  prove  to  be  an  excellent  paper  material,  if  not  a 
textile.  In  India  it  is  used  for  making  cloths  and 
fishiog-nets.  Close  to  this  are  fine  samples  of  Bhabar- 
grass  (PoUinia  eriopoda),  a  very  strong  grass,  much 
used  for  ropes  and  cordage.  Dr.  Watt  says  it  is 
"largely  used  in  the  tract  between  the  Jumna  and 
the  Sarda,  and  is  particularly  abundant  in  the  Gar- 
whall  Himalaya." 

Amongst  products  interesting  to  the  pharmacist, 
some  fine  samples  of  Cinchona  bark  will  attract 
attention,  especially  one  of  Cinchona  Ledgeriana, 
from  a  seven  years'  old  plant,  and  some  stems  with 
moss-renewed  bark.  John  R.  Jackson,  Curator, 
Museums,  Royal  Gardens,  A'ew. 


MARKET   GARDENING  AT 
ST.  NEOTS. 

If  any  one  desire  to  study  market  gardening  on  an 
extensive  scale,  and  at  the  same  time  see  it  well  done, 
he  cannot  do  better  than  start  at  Hitchin,  and  work- 
ing his  way  into  Bedfordshire,  through  Biggleswade 
aad  Sandy,  and  then  into  the  borders  of  Huntingdon- 
shire at  St.  Neots,  he  will  come  upon  abundant  illus- 
trations of  an  exceedingly  interesting  and  instructive 
character ;  and  not  only  is  market  gardening  well  done, 
but  also  under  varying  aspects.  When  at  St.  Neots 
recently  I  had  an  opportunity  of  looking  through  the 
extensive  market  gardens  of  Mr.  Isaac  Hall,  of  Eynes- 
bury,  close  to  St.  Neots,  who  tills  about  150  acres, 
the  whole  of  it  devoted  to  vegetable  and  none  to  fruit 
culture.  At  Eaton  Ford,  close  by,  his  brother,  Mr. 
John  Hall,  cultivates  250  acres,  and  as  in  both  cases 
the  work  is  well  done,  they  are  large  employers 
of  labour  in  the  district.  A  great  deal  of  the  produce 
goes  to  London,  but  the  majority  goes  to  the  North, 
finding  outlets  in  the  great  industrial  centres  where 
the  consumption  of  vegetables  is  veiy  large.  The 
vegetables  are  packed  in  good  sized  packets  and 
forwarded  by  rail,  both  North  and  South  ;  and  the 
business  done  at  St.  Neots  and  other  stations  must 
be  something  enormous.  Vast  quantities  of  manure 
are  brought  from  London  by  rail ;  the  soil  is 
well  enriched,  and  large  crops  of  fine  vegetables  is 
the  result. 

Potatos  are  largely  grown  1  great  quantities  of 
Myatt's  Ashleaf  for  early  crops,  also  International 
Kidney,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  Schoolmaster,  and  Mag- 
num Bonum.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  for  Potato 
culture,  and,  indeed,  for  all  vegetables ;  it  is  of  a 
somewhat  adhesive  sandy  loam,  2  feet  or  so  in  depth, 
with  gravel  beneath.     Rain   passes  quickly  from  the 


surface.  I  can  quite  understand  that  in  a  season  of 
great  drought  the  crops  would  suffer  a  good  deal ; 
on  the  other  hand,  a  good  rain  twice  a  week 
at  this  season  of  the  year,  with  intervals  ol  hot  sun- 
shine, must  be  of  great  advantage.  Nothing  could 
look  better  than  the  Potato  crops— not  a  trace  of 
disease  was  to  be  seen,  and  the  produce  was  good 
all  round. 

Before  the  Myatts  are  dug,  Brussels  Sprouts  are 
planted  between  the  tows,  and  where  the  earliest 
crops  had  been  dug  the  plants  of  Brussels  Sprouts 
were  almost  touching  each  other,  so  great  a  progress 
had  they  made. 

Beds  of  Bedfordshire  Champion,  or  Wood's  Ridge 
Cucumbers,  are  a  great  sight.  The  seeds  of  Cucum- 
bers are  sown  in  the  open  ground  in  the  month  of 
May  in  beds  about  9  feet  in  width,  and  between  each 
pair  of  beds  is  a  line  of  Rye  some  2  feet  in  width  ; 
this  affords  an  excellent  protection,  and  the  Rye  is 
sown  early  so  as  to  get  up  and  form  shelter  by  the 
time  the  Cucumber  seeds  are  putting  forth  their  first 
leaves.  Vegetable  Marrows  are  similarly  grown  ;  but 
the  beds  of  Marrows  are  13  feet  in  width  ;  the  seeds 
are  put  in  in  May  in  the  same  manner  as  Cucumbers, 
with  lines  of  Rye  beween  the  beds,  running  from  east 
to  west.  Two  types  of  Marrow  are  grown — one  the 
ordinary  long  white,  with  its  vigorous  trailing  stems,  the 
other  is  known  as  the  Bush  Marrow.  This  is  a  singular 
type,  making  an  erect  bush  like  growth,  and  throwing 
up  several  very  strong  leaves,  and  forming  clusters  of 
fruit  in  the  very  heart  of  the  plants.  These  plants 
can  be  grown  a  yard  or  so  apart,  and  they  are 
found  to  vary  in  the  character  of  the  foliage.  Some 
have  almost  entire  leaves  ;  others  have  them 
deeply  cut  ;  in  some  cases  the  fruit  are  white,  in 
others,  green,  in  others  mottled.  Any  spaces 
between  the  plants  caused  by  failure  of  seeds  to 
germinate,  &c.,  are  filled  up  by  planting  Veitch's 
Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower. 

Red  Cabbage,  for  pickling  purposes,  must  be  in 
large  demand,  for  here  was  a  huge  piece  of  the  Red 
Drumhead  variety,  the  Cabbages  of  great  size  already, 
measuring  fully  I  yard  across  the  leaves.  The  Inter- 
mediate Onion,  a  half  globular-shaped  vaiiety  that 
looks  like  a  selecting  from  the  White  Spanish.  The 
seed  is  sown  broadcast  in  spring  with  Parsley— very 
thinly,  and  when  the  Onions  are  pulled,  then  there  is 
a  plantation  of  Parsley  that  comes  in  very  useful  for 
consumption  during  autumn  and  winter,  when  it  is  in 
demand.  I  should  think  there  were  from  9  to  12 
acres  of  Intermediate  Onions. 

Scarlet  Runner  Beans  are  a  leading  feature,  and 
could  be  seen  in  large  breadths,  4  acres  or  so  in 
extent,  the  leading  shoots  are  pinched  out,  which 
causes  the  plants  to  branch  freely.  The  seeds  are 
sown  at  the  usual  time  between  rows  of  Myatt's 
Kidney  Potato,  and  they  afford  protection  to  the 
young  plants  as  they  come  through  the  soil.  In  any 
cases  where  the  Beans  fail  to  grow  plants  of  Veitch's 
Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower  are  put  in.  Beds  of 
Potatos  10  feet  or  so  in  width  are  placed  at  intervals 
between  the  Beans,  and  by  leaving  out  two  rows  of 
Beans  here  and  there  space  is  afforded  to  get  carts 
down  between  to  load.  I  may  state  that  at  the  time 
of  my  visit  the  Rye  grown  between  the  lines  of  Mar- 
rows and  Cucumbers  was  being  cut  and  dried  ready 
for  threshing  ;  the  straw  being  soft  and  yielding,  is  sold 
to  manufacturers  for  stuffing  horse-collars. 

Here  were  really  wonderful  beds  of  Parsnips  of 
great  size,  and  of  a  quality  apparently  impossible  of 
being  surpassed.  The  Covent  Garden,  a  Pine-apple 
Beet,  rigidly  selected,  is  also  largely  grown,  and 
making  striking  patches  of  colour  among  the  green- 
leaved  crops.  Huge  beds  of  James'  Green-top,  or 
Intermediate  Carrot,  were  being  pulled  ;  the  seeds 
are  sown  fairly  thick,  and  during  the  last  weeks  in 
July  and  the  early  part  of  August  the  Carrots  fit  for 
market  are  pulled  out,  and  the  small  ones  left,  which 
speedily  grow  in  size,  and  furnish  later  crops.  Jeru- 
salem Artichokes  are  largely  grown  ;  the  crop  is 
treated  exactly  as  they  do  Potatos,  but  planting  is 
done  earlier— generally  in  February. 

Enormous  beds  of  pickling  Onions  are  grown, 
and  the  seed  is  sown  in  February  and  March  at 
the  rate  of  from  20  lb.  to  30  lb.  to  the  acre.  The 
Bedfordshire  pickling  Onion  appears  to  be  a  selec- 
tion from  the  White  Spanish  that  bulbs  early, 
and  the  picklers  are  pulled  and  marketed  at  the  end 
of  July  and  onwards.  White  Spanish  or  Reading 
Onions  are  grown  to  a  very  lar.^e  extent.  I  saw  one 
piece  of  nearly  6  acres,  and  so  good  did  they  seem 
that  the  newer  varieties,  so  called,  must  be  good  to 


296 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[September  4,  1886. 


be  improvements  upon  the  strain  of  selected  Reading 
Onion  grown  about  here.  The  Sandy  and  Biggles- 
wade districts  especially  are  famous  for  their  Onion 
growing,  and  large  quantities  of  seed  of  White 
Spanish  Onion  are  harvested  in  the  county  of  Beds, 
and  sold  to  the  London  wholesale  trade. 

The  foregoing  is  a  rapid  sketch  of  a  representative 
Bedfordshire  market  garden.  The  wonderful  order 
in  which  the  ground  is  kept  was  a  noticeable  feature  ; 
but  few  weeds  were  seen  unless  in  the  midst  of  crops, 
where  they  could  not  be  hoed  up  without  injury. 
Constant  and  rapid  cropping'is  the  order  of  the  day, 
and  this  in  association  with  high  culture.  From 
such  a  market  garden  goes  out  annually  vegetable 
food  for  thousands  of  mouths  in  the  great  industrial 
centres.  R.  D. 


ROSE  SHOWS. 


Rose  showing,  since  the  formation  of  the  National 
Rose  Society,  in  1S76,  now  ten  years  ago,  has  become 
so  general,  has  penetrated  to  all  parts  of  the  kingdom, 
and  has  so  increased  the  interest  that  is  felt  in  the 
growth  of  the  Hower,  that  anything  connected  with 
these  exhibitions  must  be  of  interest  to  a  wide 
clientele.  The  societies  affiliated  with  the  National 
Rose  Society  adopt  the  rules  of  the  National,  and 
although  in  the  drawing  up  of  their  schedules  they 
may  differ  from  the  parent  society,  yet  in  the  main  the 
idea  which  pervades  them,  viz.,  giving  an  opportu- 
nity to  all  growers  to  have  a  fair  chance  of  competing 
— is  generally  acknowledged  and  acted  upon. 

During  the  ten  years  of  its  existence  the  Society 
has  year  after  year  elaborated  its  schedule — a  numer- 
ous and  painstaking  committee  have  diligently  and 
earnestly  revised  it,  until  now  it  requires  very  little  more 
than  to  say  ditto  to  its  last  year's  schedule,  and  there- 
fore, if  I  take  exception  to  one  ot  two  of  its  prizes  it 
is  not  because  they  were  wrongly  conceived,  or  are  in 
themselves  objectionable,  but  because  experience  has, 
I  conceive,  shown  that  they  would  be  better  expunged 
from  future  schedules.  Already  the  Society  has  acted 
on  the  principle,  that  where  after  some  years'  trial  a 
class  does  not  seem  to  be  sufficiently  popular,  it 
should  be  done  away  with,  as  in  the  case  of  suburban 
Roses,  as  they  seemed  mora  likely  to  encourage  the 
growth  of  Roses  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London, 
than  to  otTer  special  prizes  for  flowers  grown  within 
8  miles  of  Charing  Cross.  This  was  done,  and  in  the 
first  year  or  so  fairly  creditable  fioweri  were  exhi- 
bited J  but  after  that  the  exhibitors  were  so  few  in 
number  that  it  was  determined  to  do  away  with  it, 
while  a  cup  offered  for  some  suburban  Teas  has  never 
yet  been  won.  In  advocating  the  abolition  of  cer- 
tain prizes  now  ofifered,  I  should  not  be  deviating 
from  theprinciple  already  acted  upon  by  the  Society, 
and  for  the  same  reason  should  like  to  see  two  of 
the  classes  in  the  present  schedule  expunged. 

There  is  first  of  all,  the  prize  for  a  basket  of  Tea 
and  Noisette  Roses.  This  prize,  it  is  true,  was  kindly 
olftred  by  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  and  in  order  that  all 
might  start  on  terms  of  equality,  a  very  pretty  basket 
was  supplied  by  them  to  intending  exhibitors,  with 
moss  to  arrange  the  flowers  in.  I  believe  that  to  the 
givers  of  the  prize,  and  to  the  general  public,  the 
result  has  been  disappointing — the  competition  has 
been  very  limited  indeed — this  year  there  were  fewer 
exhibits  for  it  than  at  provincial  shows  where  the 
same  attempt  has  been  made,  and  I  hope  I  shall  not 
be  accused  of  a  want  of  gallantry  if  I  say  they  were 
all  more  or  less  disappointing.  I  do  not  call  a  basket  of 
Roses  gracefully  arranged  when  the  flowers  are  wired, 
and  I  feci  that  it  hardly  falls  within  the  designation ; 
nor  do  I  think  swaddling  the  legs  of  the  basket  in 
moss  and  then  sticking  Roses  into  them,  which  must 
lade  in  a  few  hours,  enhances  their  beauty  ;  but  in 
truth  all  arrangements  of  Roses  only,  wherever  I 
have  seen  them,  are  more  or  less  disappointing  ;  no 
double  flower  lends  itself  well  for  the  purpose— hence 
it  is  that  the  single  Dahlia  became  so  popular  for  this 
purpose. 

Who  that  compares  the  effect  of  the  most 
beautiful  of  Truffaut's  Asters  with  the  single 
Marguerite,  or  the  most  splendidly  built-up  double 
Dahlia,  however  brilliant  its  hue,  with  Paragon  or 
Cervaotesi,  but  will  acknowledge  this  ;  and  let  a 
bouquet  of  single  flowers  be  placed  alongside  the 
most  carefully  arranged  bouquet  of  Roses,  and  in 
nine  cases  out  of  ten  the  p.ilm  for  beauty  will  be 
given  to  the  single  flowers.  I  do  not  mention  the 
single  Rose,  because  unhappily  I  have  always  fourid 


them  too  shortlived.  The  prettiest  stand  of  Roses  I 
ever  saw  arranged  was  some  years  ago  at  Reigate, 
composed  solely  of  the  wild  Brier,  but  before  the 
day  was  half  over  the  flowers  had  all  faded.  There 
are,  I  believe — so  my  friend  Mr.  Girdlestone  tells  me 
some  which  stand  better,  but  they  are  not  generally 
known.  Perhaps  the  donor  of  this  prize  would  not 
object  to  transferring  it  to  something  else  which 
would  be  more  likely  to  benefit  the  Rose. 

Another  prize  that  I  think  might  with  safety  be 
abolished  is  that  for  six  new  Roses  for  amateurs. 
The  object  of  offering  these  prizes  is,  I  opine,  that 
we  may  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  what  novelties 
are  likely  to  take  their  place  in  the  cherished  list  for 
exhibition ;  in  the  case  of  nurserymen  we  do  have 
that  opportunity,  but  I  cannot  say  that  in  the 
amateur  class  it  is  very  edifying.  You  get  either 
Roses  that  are  on  half  the  stands  of  the  show,  or  else 
such  poor  specimens  of  new  ones  that  they  teach  us 
nothing — indeed,  I  believe  there  is  a  general  feeling 
of  disappointment  amongst  amateurs  that  the  nursery- 
men's stands  in  the  class  are  not  more  effective  than 
they  are.  The  exhibition  of  the  National  this  year 
quite  bears  me  out  :  there  were  but  two  stands  placed 
in  competition  ;  the  first  contained  five  out  of  the  six 
which  were  thoroughly  well  known  to  all  growers  of 
Roses,  and  the  other  stand  was  not  considered  deserving 
of  a  2d  prize,  and  had  only  a  3d  awarded  to  it. 

Before  discussing  the  subject  of  prizes  at  the 
National's  exhibition,  I  may  refer  to  a  controversy 
which  has  been  going  on  in  the  Journal  of  Horticiil- 
ttire  with  regard  to  the  grievances  of  small  exhibitors. 
A  great  deal  of  what  is  vulgarly  called  "bosh"  has 
been  written  on  the  subject,  and  a  suggestion  made 
that  divisions  should  be  created  for  those  who  do  not 
employ  a  gardener  regularly — a  suggestion  which  I 
hope  most  devoutly  the  committee  will  never  entertain. 
I  know  from  experience  what  heartburnings  these 
classes  create  in  some  prominent  societies  which  have 
adopted  them  ;  and  nothing,  I  believe,  could  be  more 
detrimental  to  the  Society's  interests  than  importing 
such  a  class  into  its  schedule. 

There  are  one  or  two  prizes  given  at  prominent 
shows  which  the  National  does  not  recognise,  and 
which  I  believe  would  be  better  left  out,  because  of  the 
difficulty  of  deciding  on  them;  one  of  these  is  that 
for  the  best  box  of  Roses  in  the  show ;  one  such 
prize  at  Moreton-in-the-Marsh  was  given  this  year  of 
the  value  of  ^lo— a  most  demoralising  amount,  and 
which  was  ultimately  divided  between  two  stands.  I 
say  the  difficulty  of  deciding  ;  upon  what  principle  is 
it  to  be  done  ?  Would  a  box  of  six  in  any  case  have 
a  chance  against  a  box  of  seventy-two  which  was  up 
to  the  mark  ?  In  this  case  it  fell  between  two  boxes, 
one  of  seventy-two,  and  the  other  of  twenty-four. 
The  judges  went  for  it  by  points.  They  awarded  the 
number  of  points,  allowing  three  as  the  highest  to 
each  bloom,  and  then  divided  them  by  the  number  of 
blooms.  In  this  they  were  as  nearly  as  possible 
equal.  Then  in  the  box  ol  seventy-two  there  were 
three  blooms  inferior  to  any  three  in  the  twenty- 
four,  while  there  were  four  or  five  in  the  seventy- 
two  superior  to  anything  in  the  twenty- four ; 
and  after  a  long  discussion  and  examination  the 
course  I  have  mentioned  was  adopted  ;  it  was  not 
done  for  the  purpose  of  making  things  pleasant  for 
both  parties,  because  I  am  sure  it  would  not  have  bad 
that  effect — each  competitor  would  consider  himself 
aggrieved,  and  think  that  he  ought  to  have  had  the 
full  prize^but  simply  from  the  impossibility  of  deter- 
mining. Of  course  the  system  of  judging  may  have 
been  considered  faulty,  but  I  believe  that  those  who 
like  the  plan  would  be  very  thankful  to  be  informed 
of  a  better  one.  However  that  may  be,  provincial 
societies  may  take  it  into  their  consideration,  whether 
they  might  not  bestow  the  amounts  thus  given  in 
some  better  way,  especially  as  the  National  does  not 
recognise  it. 

There  is  another  prize  which  is  often  given,  which 
is,  I  think,  of  a  very  questionable  character — that  for 
the  best  Rose  in  the  show,  or  in  the  amateur  classes. 
That  is  not  the  plan  adopted  by  the  National.  There 
the  medals  are  given  for  the  best  hybrid  perpetual, 
and  also  for  the  best  Tea  or  Noisette,  and  to  them  no 
objection  can  be  made  ;  but  it  is  different  where  the 
two  kinds  of  Roses  are  present  together,  and  one  had 
to  decide  between,  let  us  say,  a  grand  bloom  of  Marie 
Baumann  and  an  equally  fine  bloom  of  Souvenir 
d'Elise  ;  is  it  not  perfectly  clear  that  there  can  be 
no  comparison  between  the  two  ?  Suppose  that  a 
medal  were  to  be  offered  at  an  agricultural  show  for 
the  best  animal  in  the  exhibition — horse,  cow,  sheep. 


or  pig,  would  not  the  absurdity  at  once  strike  one  ? 
And  yet  I  believe  it  would  not  be  a  bit  more  incongru- 
ous to  put  a  horse  in  competition  with  a  bullock  than 
to  put  a  Tea  Rose  to  compete  with  a  hybrid  perpetual. 
The  individual  taste  of  a  horsey  judge  would  doubt- 
less lead  him  to  prefer  his  favourite  animal  to  any 
bullock,  however  systematically  "finished;"  and  so 
the  lover  of  a  Tea  Rose  would,  probably,  place  the 
hybrid  perpetual  in  the  background,  and  give  it  to 
his  favourite,  although  the  one  might  be  as  absolutely 
faultless  as  the  other.  Hence  societies  would  be  wise, 
I  think,  to  offer  their  medals  for  one  or  the  other,  ot 
both,  but  not  to  confuse  them  together. 

I  have,  as  I  think  may  be  inferred,  made  these 
observations  in  no  captious  spirit,  but  with  a  sincere 
desire  to  benefit  Rose  showing  ;  and  I  think  it  says 
something  for  the  care  with  which  the  schedules  both 
of  the  National  and  of  its  affiliated  societies  are  drawn 
up,  that  these  are  the  only  classes  to  which  I  think 
exception  can  be  made.  There  is  one  other  subject 
in  connection  with  it  that  I  would  advert  to,  and  that 
is  whether,  considering  the  vastly  increased  growth  and 
great  popularity  of  the  Tea  Rose,  more  liberality  might 
not  be  shown  in  the  classes  devoted  to  it.  Rose  growers 
are  beginning  to  find  out  that  it  is  not  nearly  so  tender 
as  it  was  supposed  to  be,  that  being  partly  due  to  the 
general  substitution  of  dwarfs  on  the  seedling  Brier, 
and  to  the  greater  vigour  of  the  newer  varieties. 
Everywhere  that  I  have  gone  this  year  I  hear  of 
gardeners  grubbing  many  of  their  hybrid  perpetuals, 
and  substituting  Tea  Roses ;  and  when  one  considers 
their  extreme  beauty  and  lasting  powers,  I  do  not 
wonder  at  it.  Our  gardens  now  are  not,  I  will  say, 
a  blaze  of  bloom  with  them,  but  full  of  other  sweet 
and  delicate  blossoms,  while  the  hybrid  perpetuals, 
only  here  and  there  show  a  gorgeous  bloom  which  the 
hot  sun  soon  disfigures.  I  am  not  sure,  too,  whether 
larger  classes  might  not  be  made  for  them  ;  and  if  the 
National  set  the  example  I  have  little  doubt  that  the 
afiiliated  societies  would  follow  suit,  and  thus  afford 
to  all  lovers  of  the  flower  greater  satisfaction  at  future 
exhibitions.    Wild  Rose. 


TUBEROUS-ROOTED  BEGONIAS. 

In  no  garden,  public  or  private,  have  I  seen 
tuberous-rooted  Begonias  grown  so  extensively  and 
well  as  they  are  this  year  in  the  beautiful  gardens  at 
Madresfield  Court.  I  refer  more  particularly  to  the 
several  beds  which  are  filled  with  these  showy 
and  most  easily  managed  plants  in  the  charming 
flower-bed  opposite  the  Court.  The  plants  are 
furnished  to  the  ground  with  healthy  foliage,  and 
covered  with  large  flowers,  ranging  in  colour  from 
brilliant  scarlet  to  pure  white,  and  the  shades  of 
colour  being  arranged  respectively  in  masses ;  the 
effect  thus  produced,  when  contrasted  with  the  masses 
of  pink,  mauve,  blue,  &c.,  is  very  telling.  As  rnany 
people  experience  not  a  little  difficulty  in  raising 
a  stock  of  tuberous-rooted  Begonias,  and  after- 
wards growing  and  flowering  the  plants  satis- 
factorily, a  few  remarks  respecting  the  method  o( 
procedure  practised  by  Mr.  W.  Crump,  who  has 
made  many  improvements  in  the  gardens  at  Madres- 
field within  the  last  three  years,  may,  therefore,  be 
instructive  to  not  a  few  readers  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  who  desire  to  succeed  in  the  culture  of  the 
plants  in  question.  It  is  as  follows  :— The  plants, 
when  taken  from  the  flower  garden  towards  the  end 
of  September  or  early  in  October,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances, are  laid  in  closely  together  in  a  cold 
pit,  burying  the  tubers  slightly  under  the  surface 
of  the  soil,  and  allowing  the  stems  to  die  off 
gradually.  The  only  protection  they  receive  during 
the  winter  is  a  sufficient  thickness  of  Fern 
or  dry  litter  to  prevent  frost  from  reaching  the 
tubers,  the  sashes  being  removed  for  use  else- 
where until  spring,  when  they  are  replaced,  and 
the  protecting  material  having  been  previously 
removed,  the  tubers  gradually  start  into  growth,  and 
a  free  circulation  of  air  being  allowed  between  them, 
at  bedding-out  time  a  sturdy  lot  of  plants  is  secured. 
The  floral  display  resulting  from  two  or  three  lights 
of  surplus  stock  plants  thus  treated  fully  demonstrates 
the  soundness  of  Mr.  Crump's  practice,  and  in  itself 
it  is  well  worth  a  visit  to  see  at  the  present  time,  as 
also  are  the  plants  subjected  to  pot  culture  in  the 
greenhouses. 

Where  it  is  desirable  to  increase  the  stock  it  is  a 
good  plan  to  divide  the  tubers,  retaining  an  eye  or 
two  pD  each  division,  and  after  they  have  been  ex- 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


297 


posed  to  the  light  for  a  week  or  ten  days,  to  harden 
the  wounds,  to  plant  them  in  a  frame  placed  on  a 
gentle  hotbed  in  spring,  leaving  sufficient  air  on  to 
prevent  the  buds  or  eyes  from  starting  into  growth 
before  root-action  has  taken  place,  which  would  be 
disastrous  in  its  consequences,  inasmuch  as  the  growth 
so  made  would  only  continue  so  long  as  the  sap 
stored  up  in  the  piece  of  tuber  lasted,  when  it  would 
collapse  in  consequence.  H.  W.  W. 


HISTORY   OF   CELERY. 

If  we  consider  cultivation  as  embracing  only  the 
removal  of  a  plant  to  fertile  soil  and  its  protection 
from  injury  from  crowding,  the  only  marked  effect  of 
the  continuance  upon  a  plant  through  itself  and  its 
olTspring  seems  to  be  embraced  in  the  one  word  expan- 
sion, i  e.,  increase  of  size.  If  we  enlarge  the  mean- 
ing of  cultivation  so  as  to  embrace  selection  and  the 


grown  in  Europe.  John  Bauhin,  whose  History  of 
Plants  was  published  in  1650,  many  years  after  it 
was  written  (he  died  in  1613),  states  the  Water  Melon 
to  be  so  large  that  one  could  scarcely  embrace  it  with 
the  two  bands,  "  quos  fere  ambabus  manibus  ambias." 
Marggravius,  whose  History  of  Natural  Productions 
of  Brazil  vi^%  published  in  1648,  describes  the  Water 
Melon  as  being  as  large  as  one's  head,  "  magnitudine 
capitis  humani."*  That  our  present  types  of  fruit 
were  then  known  is  evidenced  in  many  ways,  but  can 
be  given  succinctly  by  Caspar  Bauhin's  statement  in 
his  Pinax,  edition  of  1623,  that  some  have  a  green 
skin,  others  a  skin  spotted  with  dingy  white  ;  the 
flesh  of  some  red,  of  others  white;  the  seeds  black, 
red,  and  tawny  in  varieties.  Ray  describes  the  fruit 
as  round,  or  globose,  or  even  elliptical.  In  modern 
times  we  have  fruit  so  large  that  my  arms  cannot 
embrace  the  oval,  and  a  weight  of  96  lb.  has  been 
claimed,  probably  with  justice. 
In  seeking  for  a  good  illustration  of  the  stability  of 


It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Selinon  of  the  OJyssey,  the 
Selinon  heleion  of  Hippocrates,  the  Eleioselinon  of 
Theophrastus  and  Dioscorides,  and  the  Helioselinon 
of  Pliny  and  Palladius.  It  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  cultivated  (Bodaeus  and  Scaliger's  Theo- 
phrastus, ed.  1644,  p.  S04 ;  Ruellius'  Dioscorides, 
1529;  Pliny,  Grandsas;iie,  ed.  Palladius;  Gesner's 
Script,  rei  rust. ),  although  by  some  commentators  the 
word  interpreted  as  Smallage  has  a  wild  and  culti- 
vated sort.  Nor  do  I  find  any  clear  statement  that 
this  Smallage  was  used  as  food,  for  sativus  means 
simply  planted  as  distinguished  from  growing  wild, 
and  we  may  suppose  that  this  Apium,  if  Smallage 
was  meant,  was  planted  for  medicinal  use.  Targioni- 
Tozzetti  (Hort.  Trans.,  1854,  144)  says  this  Apium 
was  considered  by  the  ancients  rather  as  a  funereal  ot 
ill-omened  plant  than  as  an  article  of  food,  and  that 
by  early  modern  writers  it  is  mentioned  only  as  a 
medicinal  plant.  This  seems  true,  for  in  the  books 
in  my  library  I  find  that  Fuchsius,   1542,  does  not 


Fig.  S9-— moor  park,    (see  p.  293.) 


cross-fertilisation  of  the  flowers  which  yield  seed  for 
future  use,  the  subject  becomes  more  complicated, 
and  we  find  it  difficult  in  all  cases  to  connect  the 
sequence  of  cause  and  effect.  One  fact,  however, 
through  careful  observations,  seems  undoubtedly  true, 
that  by  selection  alone,  without  the  assistance  of  the 
break  caused  by  a  cross-fertilisation,  changes  in  our 
plants  are  extremely  slow,  and  many  geneiations  are 
required  to  obtain  and  fix  any  change  other  than 
increase,  which  is  sufiicient  to  be  noted  by  the  casual 
eye.  In  support  of  this  view  we  can  direct  attention 
to  the  little  change  that  has  been  produced  by  cen- 
turies of  culture  in  those  plants  which  represent  but 
improved  forms  of  a  wild  species,  such  as  the  Parsnip, 
Scorzonera,  Salsify,  &c.,  among  roots  ;  and  we  may 
also  call  attention  to  the  stability  of  type-form  during 
centuries  of  culture  in  the  Egg  Plant,  Pepper,  and  I 
may  even  add  the  Pumpkin.  Perhaps  one  of  the 
most  interesting  instances  of  increase  of  size  without 
change  of  type  can  be  seen  in  the  Water  Melon. 
The  old  herbalists  figure  this  fruit  of  small  size,  but, 
as  is  very  likely,  only  small  varieties  were  commonly 


type  joined  with  a  change  produced  by  cultivation 
and  selection  I  have  taken  the  Celery,  as  this  vege- 
table seems  to  be  of  modern  origin,  and  the  variations 
from  the  wild  plant  have  been  apparently  deemed 
great,  although  really  but  slight,  except  in  expansion 
produced  by  freedom  of  growth  and  changes  which 
have  slowly  accumulated  through  selection. 

The  Celery  has  originated  from  the  Apium  graveo- 
lens,  L,,  a  plant  of  marshy  places,  whose  habitat 
extends  from  Sweden  southward  to  Algeria,  Egypt, 
Abyssinia,  and  in  Asia  to  the  Caucasus,  Beloochistan, 
and  the  mountains  of  British  India  (De  Candolle, 
Origine  lies  Plantes  Cult.,  71),  and  has  been  found 
in  Fuegia  (Ross,  Voy.  to  the  South  Seas,  ii.,  298; 
Apium  antarcticum,  Cook^s  I'oy.  ed.  1769,  i.,  28), 
in  California  (Nutt.,  Journ.  Acad.  Phila.,  n.s.,  i., 
183),  and  in  New  Zealand  (Forster,   PI.   Esc  ,   67). 

*  Cardanus,  however,  in  his  De  Renitn  Varietate,  1556, 
apparently  refers  to  a  Water  Melon,  "  Magnitude  quandoque 
tanta,  ut  homo  expansis  brachiis  vix  una  amplecti  queat ; "  but 
then  Cardanus  was  dealing  with  wonderful  things  !  He  calls 
it  "  Apguria,  qua  melopeponem  ob  it  Galenus  vocat,  quod  non 
distincta  sit  canalibus  ut  pepon  sed  rotunda  ut  pomum." 


speak  of  its  being  cultivated,  and  implies  a  medicinal 
use  alone,  as  did  Walafridus  Strabo  in  the  ninth 
century  ;  Tragus,  1552,  likewise  ;  PinKus,  1561  ; 
Pena  and  Lobel,  1570;  also  Ruellius'  Dioscorides, 
1529  ;  Camerarius'  Epitome  of  Matthiolus,  1586,  says 
planted  also  in  gardens,  "  Seritur  quoque  in  hortis  ; '' 
and  Dodonseus,  in  his  Pernptades,  1616,  speaks  cf 
the  wild  plant  being  transferred  to  gardens,  but  dis- 
tinctly says  not  for  food  use.  According  to  Targioni- 
Tozzetti  (Hort.  Trans.,  1854,  144),  Alamanni  in  the 
sixteenth  century  speaks  of  it,  but  at  the  same  time 
praises  Alexanders  for  its  sweet  roots  as  an  article 
of  food.  Bauhin's  (1623)  name,  Apium  palustte  and 
Apium  officlnarura,  indicates  medicinal  rather  than 
food  use ;  and  J.  Bauhin's  name,  Apium  vulgare 
ingratus,  does  not  promise  much  satisfaction  in  the 
eating.  According  to  Bretschneider  (Botanicon  Sini- 
cum,  78),  Celery,  probably  Smallage,  can  be  identi- 
fied in  the  Chinese  work  of  Kia  Sz'mu,  the  fifth 
century,  A.D.,  and  is  described  as  a  cultivated  plant 
in  the  Nung  Cheng  Ts'nan  shu,  1640.  We  have  a 
mention,  however,  of  a  cultivated  variety  in  France 


293 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLH, 


[September  4,  1886. 


by  Olivier  de  Serres  in  1623  (Ponce  ,  La  Cull. 
Maraich  ;  also  Ileuze,  Les  Planles  Aliincnlairts,  i., 
p.  5),  and  in  Enghndtheseedwassold  in  1726  for  plant- 
ing (or  1  he  use  of  ihe  plant  in  soups  and  Inoihi  (Towns- 
end,  Seedsman,  1726,  37)iand  Miller(/?oA  Offic,  1722) 
says,  in  1722,  that  Smallage  is  one  of  the  herbs  ealen  in 
the  spiing  to  purify  Ihe  blooH.  The  cultivated  Small- 
age  is  even  now  grown  in  l''rance  under  the  name  of 
Cdcii  a  (oiiper,  difteiing  but  little  from  the  wild  form. 
The  number  of  names  that  are  given  to  Smallage 
indicate  antiquity,  such  as— Arabic,  AsalU  ;  Italian, 
Apia;  German,  £/i//i7/,-  Spanish,  Fcrexil  dagoa ; 
French,  Ache  (Pinaeus,  1561)  ;  Egypt,  Kcrafs 
(Forsk. )  ;  English,  Smallage,  &c. 

The  prevalence  of  a  name  derived  from  one  root 
indicates  a  recent  dispersion  of  the  cultivated  variety. 
Vilmorin  (l.cs  Planles  Polaj,Ym;  72)  gives  the  follow- 
ing synonyms: — French,  Cekri  :  English,  Celery: 
German,  Sellerce;  Flanders,  Schlerij ;  Denmark, 
Sellcri ;  Italy,  SeJano  :  Spain,  Apia  :  Portugal,  Aipo  ; 
and  MInlosh  {/look  of  Ihe  Garden,  ii.,  Ijo)  gives  for 
the  Spanish,  Apio  hcrlcmis.  The  fust  mention  of 
the  word  Celery  that  I  have  observed  is  in  Walafiidus 
Sii-a'jo's  poem,  entitled  "  Hortulus,"  where  he  gives 
the  medicinal  uses  of  Apium,  and  in  line  335  uses 
the  word  as  follows :  — 

"  Passio  turn  Celeri  cedit  devicta  medelce  " 

— Ihe  disease  then  to  Celery  yields,  conquered  b/  the 
remedy,  as  it  m^y  be  libeially  construed  ;  yet  the  word 
celeri  here  may  le  translated  quick  acting,  and  this 
suggests  that  our  word  Celery  was  derived  from  the 
medicinal  uses.  Slrabo  wrote  in  the  ninth  century, 
having  been  born  A.D.  S06  or  S07,  and  dying  in 
France  in  S40.  Targioni-Tozzetli  {Book  of  Ihe  Gar- 
den, ii  ,  150)  says  it  is  certain  that  in  the  sixteenth 
c^ntuiy  Celery  was  already  begun  to  be  grown  for  the 
t.iljle  in  Tuscany.  I  cannot  fiud  any  mention  of 
Celery  in  Fuchsius,  1542  ;  Tragus,  1552  ;  Malthiolus' 
Commenlaiics,  155S  ;  Cameraiius'  Epitome,  155S  ; 
Pinxus,  1561  ;  Pcna  and  Lobel,  1570  ;  Gerard, 
'597  i  Clusius,  Rar.  Planl.  1601  ;  Dodona;us,  Peinp., 
1616  ;  or  in  Bauhin's  Pinax,  1623.  Parkinson's 
Pa'adiius,  1629,  mentions  Sellery  as  a  rarity,  and 
nimes  it  Apium  dulce.  R  ly  in  his  Historia  Planla- 
rum,  16S6,  snys  the  Smallage  Iransfiried  to  culture 
becomes  niiM.r  and  less  ungrateful,  whence  in  Italy 
and  France  the  leaves  and  stalks  are  esteemed  as 
delicacies-,  eaten  with  oil  and  Pepper.  The  Italians 
call  this  variety  Sc=leri  or  Ctleri.  The  French  also 
use  the  vegetable  and  Ihe  name.  He  adds  that  in 
Ea^jliih  gardens  the  cultivatr;d  form  often  degenerates 
into  Smilhge.  Qjintyne,  who  wrote  (Eng.  ed., 
1704)  prior  to  1697,  the  year  in  which  the  third 
edition  of  his  Com/lele  Gardener  was  published,  jays, 
in  F'jaxe  *■  we  know  but  one  sort  of  it."  Celeri  is 
mentioned,  however,  as  Apium  dulce,  Cthri  italorum 
in  Horl.  Ke^.  Par.,  1665  (Tourn.,  Inst ,  1719,  305)  ; 
in  177S  iMiwe  and  Abercrombie  note  two  sorts  of 
Celuy  in  England,  one  with  the  stalks  hollow  and 
the  cfier  with  the  stalks  solid  ;  but  in  1726  Towns- 
end  (Tourn.,  Jnst.,  1719,  305)  distinguished  the 
Celeries  as  Smallage  and  Scllery,  and  the  latter  he 
snys  should  be  planted  "  for  Winter  Salads,  because 
it  is  very  hot."  Tingburg  {f/o/l.  Culin.,  1764.  25) 
says  Celery  is  common  among  ihe  richer  classes  in 
Sweden,  and  is  preserved  in  cellars  fur  winter  use. 
In  lSo5,  M'.VIahon  {American  Gardeners'  Kalendar) 
mei.tions  four  sorts  in  his  list  of  garden  esculents  for 
Aneiican  use.  It  is  curious  that  no  mention  of  a 
plant  that  can  suggest  Celery  occurs  in  Bodaeus  and 
Soaligei's  edition  of  Theophrastus,  published  at 
Amsterdam  in  1644. 

The  summary  of  our  investigation  hence  is,  that 
we  find  no  clear  evidence  that  Smallage  was  grown 
by  the  ancients  as  a  food  plant,  but  that  if  planted  at 
all  it  was  for  medicinal  use.  The  first  mention  of 
cultivation  as  a  food  plant  that  I  note  is  by  Olivier  de 
Serres,  1623,  who  calls  it  Ache,  while  Parkinson 
speaks  of  Celery  in  1629,  and  Ray  indicates  the  cul- 
tivation as  commencing  in  Italy  and  extending  to 
France  and  England.  Targloni-Tozzetti  states,  how- 
ever, as  a  certainty  that  Celery  was  begun  to  be 
grown  in  Tuscany  in  the  sixteenth  century.  The 
hollow  Celery  is  stated  by  Mawe  (Mawe  and  Aber- 
crombie, Gardener,  177S)  to  have  been  the  original 
kind,  and  is  claimed  by  Cobbett  (.-/mtr;VaH  Gardener) 
even  as  late  as  1S21  as  being  the  best. 

The  first  Celeries  grown  ^eem  to  have  differed  but 
little  from  the  wild  plant,  and  the  words  Celery  and 
[cullivacd]  Smallage  were  apparently  nearly  synony- 
mous at  one  time,  as  we  find  cultivated  Ache  spoken 


of  in  1623  in  France,  and  at  later  dates  Petit  Celeri, 
or  Celeri  a  conper,  a  variety  with  hollow  stalks,  culti- 
vated even  at  the  present  time  for  use  of  the  foliage 
in  soups  and  broths.  Among  the  earlier  varieties  we 
find  mention  of  hollow-stalked,  stalks  sometimes  hol- 
low, and  solid-stalked  forms ;  at  the  present  time  Ihe 
hollow-stalked  forms  have  become  discarded.  Vil- 
morin (Les  Planles  Polagcres)  describes  thirteen  sorts 
as  distinct  and  worthy  of  culture  in  addition  to  the 
Celeri  1)  coiiper,  but  in  all  there  is  this  to  be  noted,  we 
have  but  one  type. 

A  curious  circumstance  is  that  Smallage  took  on 
the  appearance  of  Celery  before  its  use  was  commonly 
recordtd,  if  at  all,  as  a  salad  plant,  as  is  evidenced  by 
reference  to  old  authorities.  The  figure  (not  here  re- 
produced) is  substantially  the  same  as  that  in 
Fuchsius,  1542;  Tragus,  1552;  PinKus,  1561  ; 
Taberna;montanus,  ic,  1590,  or  Gerard,  1597,  and 
Dodonceus,  1616,  and  is  taken  from  Malthiolus' 
Commentaries,  155S  ;  this  represents  the  common 
expression  of  the  herbalists  as  to  the  appearance  of 
Apium  palustre  at  this  lime.  The  second  picture  is 
from  Camerarius'  Epitome  of  Mattiolus,  15S6,  and 
represents  the  form  we  ciU  Celery,  but  hollow- 
stalked,  as  at  first  noticed.  The  third  picture  is 
taken  from  Decaisne  and  Naudin's  Mamtel  de 
V Amateur  des  Jardins,  and  represents  the  unblanched 
plant  of  one  of  our  most  improved  varieties.  These 
pictures  suggest  the  same  ideas  that  I  have  previously 
shown  to  hold  true  for  the  Dandelion,  viz.,  that  our 
improved  strains  originated  from  natural  soarces,  and 
are  not  cultural  in  their  beginnings. 

Take  the  wild  Smallage,  transfer  to  fertile  soil  and 
protect  from  crowding,  and  we  should  expect  increase 
of  size  to  the  plant  ;  earth  up  for  the  purpose  of 
blanching  and  we  should  expect  to  gain  increased 
weight  to  the  leaf-stalks ;  a  long-continued  selection 
of  the  best  plants  for  seed-growers  would  gradually 
succeed  in  forming  the  solid  stalked  ;  the  growing  of 
varieties  from  the  earliest  seed  would  tend  towards 
eailiness  ;  the  occasional  growing  through  accident 
from  unripe  seed  would  tend  towards  obtaining  a 
curled-leaf  form  with  dwarf  habit,  &c.  We  may 
hence  say  that  all  our  Celeries  in  form  are  not 
changed  from  the  original  except  in  unessential 
points  correlated  with  size  and  selection.  In  quility 
Celeries  have  tended  to  become  milder,  until  now 
some  of  our  varieties,  such  as  the  Boston  Market,  are 
of  a  very  delicate  taste,  far  dilTerent  from  the  sort 
spoken  favourably  ofbyTownsend  in  1726  as  very  hot 
and  very  slow  growing. 

It  is  probable  that  some  original  variation  in 
quality  discovered  in  the  wild  plant  suggested  cultiva- 
tion, for  among  a  people  like  the  Italians,  with  whom 
high  aromatic  taste  seems  popular,  the  strong  savour 
of  the  Smallage  would  present  little  objection,  if  only 
grateful  to  them  ;  or  that  its  use  was  suggested  by 
some  popular  idea  of  its  value  as  a  medicinal  food,  as 
seems  probable.  That  there  is  great  variety  in  wild 
plants  in  respect  to  flavour,  we  have  every  reaioa  to 
believe. 

Smallage,  described  by  most  botanists  as  a 
suspicious  if  not  dangerous  plant  for  eating,  yet  in 
Fuegia  was  found  palatable  and  healthful  by  the 
sailors  of  the  exploring  ships  (Ross,  loy.  to  the  South 
Seas,  ii.  ;  Cook,  Voy.,  ed,  1769),  and  in  New  Zea- 
land described  by  Forster  {PI.  Esc.,  67)  as 
truly  pleasant  and  salutary  for  scorbutic  sailors. 
The  use  in  Italy  as  a  medicinal  food,  and  the 
introducing  to  garden  culture,  with  blanching, 
&c.,  would  improve  the  flavour  and  increase 
its  use,  and  improvement  once  initiated  and  recog- 
nised would  necessarily  continue,  and  stability  of 
type-form  would  also  tend  to  continue,  as  the  seeding 
habit  of  the  garden  plant  is  not  favourable  to  cross- 
feralisation  with  the  wild  or  allied  species,  it 
being  a  biennial,  and  not  usually  seeding  alongside 
of  other  species  with  which  crosses  might  occasionally 
occur. 

We  have  now  in  Celery  an  improved,  not  changed, 
wild  plant,  which  does  not  now  tend  to  revert  to  the 
wild  form,  as  it  seemed  to  have  done  at  Ihe  first,  and 
a  good  illustralion  of  the  fixity  of  a  garden  form 
species.  The  present  form  will  undoubtedly  con- 
tinue unchanged  for  a  long  period,  unless  cross- 
fertilisation  with  another  species-variety  is  brought  to 
pass.  It  would  be  of  garden  interest  to  grow  and 
cross  the  species-forms  from  different  portions  of  the 
globe  with  our  garden  varieties,  as  analogical  reason* 
ing  would  suggest  possibilities  as  yet  unsuspected  in 
practice.  L.  Sturtcvant,  in  "American  Naturalist" 
July,  1S86. 


FRUIT  TREES  AT  MAIDSTONE. 

AfteiI  a  long  and  pleasant  lide  through  the 
Kentish  Hop  gardens,  just  now  so  fragrant  and 
richly  bung  with  golden  floral  pendants,  we  alighted 
at  Barming  station,  close  to  which  a  new  addition  of 
some  30  acres  has  just  been  made  by  Mr.  Bunyard 
to  his  nursery.  From  the  station,  therefore,  under 
that  gentleman's  guidance,  we  stepped  at  once  from 
the  railway  on  to  the  fruit  tree  quarters,  close  to  where 
a  number  of  active  men  are  employed  budding  Apple 
stocks.  This  is  the  first  crop  of  nursery  stuff  in  the 
new  ground,  a  large  portion  of  which  has  been  under 
corn  and  roots,  but  which  will  be  largely  planted  up 
this  winter.  The  AUington  Nursery,  now  close  upon 
100  acres  in  extent,  is  situated  upon  a  broad  and 
elevated  plateau,  the  which  gently  slopes  down  to  the 
va'ley  of  the  Medway.  The  subsoil  is  chalk,  and 
much  of  that  in  which  Ihe  trees  are  growing  so 
admirably  seems  to  consist  of  pulverised  ragstone, 
and  which  possesses  in  a  high  degree  the  merit  of 
producing  short,  solid,  well  matured  growth  and 
early  fruitlulness.  Although  the  Hop-picking  has 
begun  yet  the  sun  shines  down  upon  us  with  almost 
torrid  force,  and  renders  the  exertion  needful  to  see 
all  that  is  to  be  seen  in  this  forest  of  young  trees 
exceedingly  exhausting.  And  yet  it  is  noteworthy 
that  in  spite  of  this  unusual  autumn  heat  and  drought 
nothing  here  suffers — nay,  does  not  even  flag.  If  the 
soil  is  not  deep,  at  least  it  rests  upon  a  cool  bottom, 
so  that  the  roots  never  suffer. 

There  is  also  another  valuable  element  found  in  the 
admirable  surface  cultivation  adopted,  for  in  all  the 
vast  areas  of  trees  of  all  sizes  the  rows  range  from  2\ 
to  3  feet  apart,  and  through  these  all  the  season  the 
horse-hoe,  drawn  either  by  the  perennial  donkey  or  a 
well-behaved  pony,  is  perpetually  in  use  ;  thus  the 
soil  is  not  only  kept  clean,  but  also  loose  on  the  sur- 
face, and  a  loose  fine  surface  is  a  powerful  counterac- 
tion to  drought.  Of  course,  only  high-class  work  in 
planting  could  enable  this  form  of  cultivation  to  goon 
but  that  is  so  perfect  that  in  rows  of  hundreds  of  trees 
not  a  divergence  from  the  straight  is  visible. 

Although  considerable  numbers  of  choice  shrubs 
and  trees  are  grown  at  AUington,  especially  fine  speci- 
men Coniferae,  variegated  Hollies,  &c.,  yet  the  chief 
feature  is  found  in  the  fruit  trees,  as  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  some  100,000  Plums,  75,000  Apples,  and 
40,000  Pears,  with  Cherries',  Peaches,  Nectarines 
small  Nuts,  bush  fruits,  &c,,  in  similar  proportion, 
are  usually  in  slock. 

Placed  in  the  midst  of  one  of  the  finest  fruit-growing 
districts  in  England  Ihere  is  naturally  great  demand 
for  market  kinds,  and  Mr.  Bunyard  is  justly  famed  in 
the  market  trade  for  his  stocks  of  Ihese — stocks  that 
are  not  merely  true,  as  the  crudest  observer  may,  in 
looking  over  the  various  breadths,  easily  discern,  but 
consisting  of  first-class  stuff;  indeed,  if  one  feature 
more  than  another  marks  AUington  soil,  it  is  found  in 
the  splendid  growth  made,  and  the  beautifully  clean 
character  of  the  trees  throughout.  It  is  no  mere 
complimentary  phrase  employed,  when  it  is  asserted 
that  better  for  its  years  cannot  be  found  in  the 
kingdom. 

Plums. 

Turning  to  the  great  stock  of  Plums,  we  pass 
breadth  after  breadth  of  Victorias,  chiefly  standaids 
really  in  enormous  quantities  ;  also  Diamond,  Czar, 
Rivers'  Archduke,  a  new  and  late  purple  Plum,  and 
a  great  cropper ;  also  Green  Gage,  Washington, 
Bush,  a  favourite  market  kind ;  Farleigh  Prolific 
Damson,  and  many  others.  This  latter  popular  fruit 
will  increase  considerably  from  suckers,  the  which  cut 
close  back  the  second  season  after  planting,  send  up 
strong  straight  stems,  and  soon  develope  into  natural 
standards.  Although  all  Damsons  seem  to  be 
bearing  well  this  season,  and  the  fruit  crop  is  conse- 
quently enormous  in  Kent,  yet  none  bear  so  well  in 
ordinary  years  as  does  the  Farleigh  ;  hence  its  great 
value  to  the  market  grower. 

Apples. 
Of  Apples  there  were  to  be  seen  in  all  directions 
such  quantities  of  dwarf  trees,  and  in  most  cases 
fiuiting  so  well,  that  intending  planters  of  Apples 
should  see  how  two  and  three-year-old  dwarfs  crop 
ere  they  purchase  largely.  In  many  of  the  quarters 
the  crops  on  these  miniature  trees  were  simply  mar- 
vellous, and  the  fruits  truly  wonderful.  Little  bush 
trees  could,  in  some  cases,  hardly  be  seen  for  the 
wondrous  fruit  they  bore.  Mr.  Bunyard  carefully 
discriminates  as  to  the  kind  of  stock  on  which  Apples 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


299 


are  worked,  using  Rivers'  Nonsuch,  chiefly  for  the 
strong  growers,  because  possessing  greater  stoutness 
and  more  root-power.  Then  the  English  Paradise, 
the  broad-leaved  and  the  Doucin,  all  carefully 
selected,  are  made  stocks  for  less  robust  kinds  ; 
but  of  course  for  standards  the  class  is  the 
ordinary  stock.  The  first*named  sorts  are  all  of  a 
dwarfing  character,  and  conduce  to  restricted  growth 
and  early  fruiting  in  a  wonderful  way.  If  the  Crab 
is  the  stock  for  standards  and  posterity,  the  Nonsuch 
and  Paradise  enable  those  who  plant  one  year  to 
gather  fruits  the  next,  as  may  be  seen  oq  thousands  of 
bush  trees  at  Allington. 

Of  kitchen  Apples,  very  fine — indeed,  grand— are 
the  samples  seen  so  plentifully  in  the  various  quar- 
ters, and  on  many  trees  wonderful  the  crops  of 
Grenadier,  Lord  Grosvenor,  Lord  Derby— three 
grand  kinds  ;  Lord  Sufiield,  Ecklinville,  Stirling 
Castle,  Stone's  Pippin,  Pott's  Seedling,  Lane's  Prince 
Alber',  Domino,  a  newer  kind  and  fine  cropper  ; 
Iliston  Favourite,  something  like  lliwthorden,  but 
more  robust  ;  Saltmarsh's  Qaeen,  very  beautiful ; 
Cardinal,  very  handsome,  and  of  a  rich  delicate  hue, 
carrying  dense  bloom;  New  Ilawthornden,  Coun- 
cillor, or  Red  Ilawthornden  ;  Queen  Caroline,  Kes- 
wick Codlin,  Warner's  King,  and  many  others,  all  of 
the  most  meritorious  and  most  interesting  kind. 
Then  ol  desseit  sorts  : — Mr.  Gladstone,  of  wondr  lus 
colour;  Lady  Sudeley,  clean  and  very  beautiful ;  Wor- 
cester Pearmain,  very  beautiful,  too  ;  Early  Straw- 
berry, a  conical  Apple,  nice  shape,  abundantly  borne, 
andof  ablood-red  colour — veryslriking  ;  Cox's  Orange 
Pippin,  King  of  the  Pippins,  Yellow  Ingestre,  Rib- 
ston  Pippin,  finding  renewed  life  and  vigour  in  the 
Paradise  ;  Duchess  Favourite,  Hormead  Pearmain,  a 
great  cropper,  stand  out  prominently  amongst  the 
earlier  kinds  for  colour  and  size  of  fruit.  It  is 
only  possible  to  comprehend  how  wondrously  suited 
these  bushes,  pyramid?,  and  single  cordons  are 
for  al!  sorts  of  growth,  inclusive  of  standards 
and  espaliers,  by  seeing  them  ;  and  not  merely  the 
few  but  the  mass,  as  row  after  row  shows  the  same 
character  and  cropping  capacity. 

Pears. 
If  Pears  command  less  attention  it  is  rather  due  to 
the  fact  that  the  Plums  and  Apples  seem  to  prove  most 
attractive,  and  yet  whether  seen  in  fine  four  or  five-year 
trained  horizontal  trees  for  walls,  in  pyramids  on  the 
Quince,  or  in  standards,  they  are  full  of  interest  and 
merit  the  highest  and  kindliest  commendation.  Here 
and  there  grand  fruits  are  seen  of  Dr.  Guyot, 
Madame  Trey ve.  Beurre  Clairgeau,  Marie  Louise,  and 
other  first-class  kinds.  Some  older  trees  of  Rivors' 
Fertility  show  that  excellent  sort  to  be  a  capital  as  it 
seems  to  be  almost  a  perpetual  bearer  ;  this  should 
make  a  popular  market  kind.  A  new  American 
Pear — Petite  Marguerite— in  shape  not  unlike  Autumn 
Bergamot,  and  a  great  cropper,  but  early,  seems  to 
promise  another  valuable  market  kind.  Some  ten 
year  old  standards  of  the  Ilessle  show  what  a  won- 
drous and  almost  perpetual  fruiter  that  popular 
market  kind  is. 

Miscellaneous. 
Cherries  worked  on  the  Mahaleb  stock  show 
splendid  growth,  whilst  trained  trees  are  in  abun- 
dance, and  in  various  stages  of  growth.  Morellos 
are  specially  good.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  are 
also  in  great  force,  and  capital.  Of  Gooseberries 
there  are  in  stock  some  200  kinds,  but  Mr.  Bunyard  is 
about  to  cut  them  down  one-half  in  number,  retain- 
ing only  the  best  of  these  ;  none  is  so  largely  grown  as 
Lancashire  Lad,  which  is  needed  by  planters,  in  thou- 
sands for  market.  All  the  finer  show  kinds  are  in  stock 
and  represented  by  dwarf  robust  bushes.  Of  Currants, 
besides  whites  and  black?,  the  most  favoured  reds 
seem  to  be  Raby  Castle,  Red  Dutch,  and  the  Scotch, 
the  bushes  compact  and  of  large  firm  growth.  Filberts 
and  Cob  nuts  are  also  in  exceeding  quantities,  and 
well  worthy  the  attention  of  growers,  outside  of 
Kent  ;  as  these  are  fruits  which  can  be  preserved  for 
some  time  and  are  not  exceptionally  bulky,  the 
grower  can  command  the  market  to  some  extent. 
But  whilst  fruits,  as  we  have  shown,  are  ihe  chief 
features  here,  Roses,  for  instance,  are  well  and  largely 
done,  and  a  shift  from  the  Kentish  rag,  where  the 
wood  is  so  well  ripened,  on  to  deep  loams  can  hardly 
be  productive  of  other  than  good.  How  beautifully  the 
Teas  grow  and  flower  here  is  very  evident.  The  stocks 
too,  like  the  soil  admirably,  as  the  growth  on  the 
Manettis  is  splendid.  Such  plants  so  well  established 
must  carry  fine  growths  from  buds  next  year.  Amongst 


the  Conifers  very  striking  and  interesting  is  Plnus 
parviflora,  the  leaves  being  somewhat  erect,  and 
almost  having  white  undersides,  so  that  the  trees 
have  a  semi-variegated  aspect.  It  is  a  distinct 
and  pleasing  variety,  especially  as  seen  on  some 
6  feet  specimens.  The  dark-leaved  Prunus  Pissardi 
offers  striking  masses  of  colour  here  and  there,  and 
shows  it  to  be  a  most  valuable  foliage  tree.  However, 
a  truce  to  farther  description,  suffice  it  to  say  that 
great  improvements  have  been  made  during  the  past 
two  years,  a  fine  range  of  offices,  sheds,  &c.,  has  been 
erected,  and  last,  though  not  least,  the  orchard- 
house  full  of  Peach,  Pear,  Apple,  and  other  fruit 
trees  in  pots  is  a  marvel  in  its  way,  and  must  be 
seen  to  be  appreciated. 


THE    ALPINE    GARDEN. 

LiNARIA  HEPATIC^EFOLIA.— Like  several  olher 
pigmy  plants,  such  as  Mentha  Regnieri  and  Stachys 
Corsica,  this  miniature  rocli  plant  comes  from  Corsica. 
Their  pigmy  character,  however,  depends  on  the 
completely  prostrate  Jnd  creeping  nature  of  their 
stems.  This  latter  habit,  coupled  with  continuous 
growth  while  summer  lasts,  determines  a  successive 
production  of  fluweis  during  that  period,  so  that  while 
summer  lasts  this  charming  little  alpine  is  a  perpetual 
bloomer  and  never  out  of  season.  In  general  ap- 
pearance it  closely  resembles  our  native  L.  cymba- 
laria,  but  is  of  much  neater  and  denser  habit,  smaller 
in  all  parts  except  the  flowers,  and  is  altogether  more 
refined  and  attractive,  A  lover  of  alpine  plants 
would  soon  detect  the  difference  and  readily  afiford  it 
accommodation  amongst  his  choicer  favourites  in  the 
rock  garden.  The  coidate-reniform  leaves  are  smooth 
and  shallowly  three  to  five  lobcd,  with  petioles  so 
short  that  the  leaves  carpet  the  ground  densely  and 
evenly,  just  allowing  the  flowers  to  show  themselves 
distinctly  above  the  green  carpet.  The  litter  are 
pale  purple  with  a  white  and  yellow  palate,  and  when 
growth  is  proceeding  vigorously  at  a  favourable  sea- 
son, they  form  more  or  less  continuous  sheets  of 
bloom  of  great  beauty,  The  plant  is  figured  in 
Ledebour's /<D««,  91.  Its  culture  is  of  the  easiest, 
and  it  will  accommodate  itself  to  a  sunny  or  shady 
position,  and  loves  to  ramble  over  moist  porous  sand- 
stone. The  cultivator  could  also  use  it  with  great 
advantage  to  carpet  the  ground  amongst  spring- 
flowering  bulbs,  such  as  Narcissus,  Crocus,  Snow- 
drops, Liliums,  and  such  things  that  occupy  ihs 
ground  with  more  or  less  permanency, 

Calandrinia  umbellata. 
Although  liable  to  be  killed  even  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London  in  a  severe  winter,  this  neat  and 
attractive  species  is  worthy  of  a  little  extra  care,  even 
to  the  extent  of  housing  it  in  winter  in  a  cool  green- 
house or  a  dry  well  aired  frame.  Dampness  is  as 
much  or  more  of  an  enemy  to  it  than  cold,  and  any 
means  taken  for  its  preservation  should  aim  at  pro- 
tection from  a  damp  stagnant  atmosphere.  This  is 
the  more  evident  from  the  sub-succulent  nature  of  its 
leaves,  which  are,  however,  less  decidedly  so  than  those 
of  many  of  the  annual  specie.-.  The  stems  are  procum- 
bent and  perennial,  or  sub-shrubby  at  the  base,  with 
ascending  flower-stems,  clothed  with  linear,  hairy 
leaves,  and  bearing  at  their  apex  dense  umbellate 
cymes  of  rose-magenta  flowers  of  great  richness  of 
tint.  If  inferior  in  point  of  size  to  that  of  many 
annual  species,  this  defect  is  more  than  compensated 
by  the  perennial  habit  of  the  plant,  its  comparatively 
slow,  compact  growth,  and  the  intense  hue  of  the 
flowers.  Various  annual  species  more  common  in 
gardens  are  characterised  by  a  loose  straggling  habit, 
and  greatly  elongating  stems,  whereby  they  become 
untidy  in  the  latter  half  of  the  season.  That  fault 
does  not  apply  here,  but,  like  other  species  and 
Mesembryanthemums,  as  well  as  various  other  more  or 
less  succulent  things,  the  flowers  remain  open  only 
during  bright  sunshine.  The  plant  is  easily  propa- 
gated by  cuttings  or  seedlings,  and  a  stock  should 
always  be  kept  in  reserve  to  make  good  losses  by 
severe  weather  in  the  open  ground.  The  species  is  a 
native  of  Chili,  in  dry  rocky  places  about  Conception, 
and  in  planting  it  out  a  similar  situation  should  be 
chosen  for  it  in  the  rock  garden,  with  a  full  exposure. 
There  is  a  figure  of  it  in  Paxton's  Magazine  of  Botany, 
xii.,  271. 

CORNUS   CANADENSIS. 

The  position  of  this  plant  is  almost  intermediate 
between  a  bog  plant  and  an  alpine  proper  ;  but  3 


place  may  be  found  for  it  on  any  well-constructed 
rockery,  where  it  will  thrive  and  flower  satisfactorily. 
To  do  it  justice — unless  the  position  chosen  is  naturally 
pretty  moist— it  would  be  well  to  select  a  nook  or 
corner  more  or  less  shaded  or  screened  from  the  mid. 
day  sun,  and  plant  in  a  prepared  peat  bed.  This,  if 
it  does  not  secure  the  proper  degree  of  moisture,  will, 
neverlhelees,  act  as  a  cool  medium,  which,  wiih  a 
litile  attention  with  regard  to  watering  in  the  drier 
parts  of  the  season,  will  afford  conditions  near  akin  to 
those  under  which  it  grows  in  a  state  of  Nature.  Its 
near  ally  C-  suecica  frequents  alpine  moors  in  the 
northern  part  of  this  country  ascending  to  an  elevation 
of  3000  feet.  That  under  notice  is  a  native  of  various 
parts  of  North  America,  such  as  Kamtschatka, 
Behring's  Island,  and  Labrador,  so  that  there  can  be 
no  question  as  to  its  hardiness.  Most  of  the  leaves 
are  produced  in  a  whorl  terminating  stems  that 
seldom  exceed  6  inches  in  height.  The  flowers  are 
small,  purplish-white,  and  insignificant  in  themselves, 
but  are  subtended  by  four  large  white  involucral 
leaves  that  constitute  the  most  conspicuous  feature  of 
the  plant  while  in  flower.  The  flowers  are  succeeded 
by  sciilet  berries  about  the  size  of  large  Peas,  in 
which  condition  the  plant  is  even  more  ornamental 
than  when  in  flower.  A  figure  which  represents  the 
plant  very  tolerably  is  given  in  the  Botanical  Maga- 
line,  t.  SSo.  J.  F. 


ANNUAL    STOCKS     FOR 

SUMMER. 
Ii~  any  one  would  get  a  good  idea  of  the  value  0' 
Stocks  as  summer  bedding  plants  they  should  pay  a 
visit  to  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  Portland  Nursery  at 
Reading.  A  large  space  of  ground  is  covered  with 
trials  of  the  many  types  found  in  the  Catalogue  of 
this  firm,  and  thus  a  good  opportunity  is  aff'orded  for 
making  a  selection  of  the  best  types  for  special  pur- 
poses. If  they  are  wanted  for  exhibition  purposes,  or 
for  large  beds,  then  they  would  probably  select 
Sutton's  Giant  Branching,  or  Sutton's  Perfection, 
both  types  of  great  beauty.  If  small  beds  are  to  be 
filled,  or  a  front  line  is  required  for  a  border,  then  the 
eight  or  ten  varieties  forming  Sutton's  Superb  dwarf 
strain  will  be  the  very  things  for  the  purpose. 

Of  all  the  many  strains  of  Stocks  every  one  can  be 
termed  *'  branching,"  though  some  are  more  so  than 
others.  By  "  branching  "  Stocks  is  meant  those  that 
send  up  a  centre  spike  of  flowers  with  its  attendant 
lateral  spikelets,  but  also  puts  forth  a  circle  of 
branches  from  the  base  of  the  main  stem,  which 
bloom  and  make  a  charming  pyramid  of  blossom 
enduring  much  longer  than  is  generally  supposed. 
The  idea  of  a  Stock  entertained  by  some  people  is 
that  of  a  plant  having  a  central  spike  without  any 
lateral  growths,  which  soon  blooms  and  fades,  and 
remains  an  eyesore  so  long  as  it  is  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  ground.  In  all  good  selected  strains  of 
Stocks — or  perhaps  I  ought  to  say  "improved" 
Stocks— the  free-branching  character  is  a  prominent 
feature. 

Stocks  appear  to  be  doing  well  generally  this  sea- 
son—it seems  to  suit  them.  On  every  hand  I  see 
them  growing  freely  and  blooming  finely— fine  both 
in  flower  and  colour.  Probably  showery  and  dull 
weather  helped  them,  and  now  that  some  days  of 
bright  sunshine  have  come  they  look  striking  in  the 
extreme,  and  especially  so  at  Reading,  where  they 
are  seen  in  such  large  patches. 

I  am  quite  sure  that  Stocks  are  too  often  grown  on 
ground  far  too  poor  to  do  them  justice,  and  thus  a 
first-class  strain  is  presented  in  an  inferior  and  mis- 
leading character.  The  ground  cannot  well  be  too 
rich — deeply  dug,  and  well  manured,  that  the  roots 
may  have  free  play  in  it.  Never  mind  it  they  appear 
to  grow  a  little  rank  at  first ;  the  flowering  time  will 
come  in  due  course,  and  a  rich  harvest  of  blossom 
will  be  reaped. 

And  I  am  sure  that  it  is  of  great  advantage  to  have 
a  good  light,  free,  friable  loam,  in  which  the  seeds 
can  be  sown  in  the  open  ground  in  April,  instead  of 
under  glass  in  March.  The  advantage  is  great  ;  but 
as  it  is  of  no  use  sowing  seeds  on  heavy  ground  in  the 
open  air,  many  are  debarred  from  doing  so.  In  sow- 
ing in  the  open  air  it  is  best  to  do  it  in  drills,  and 
thinly,  as  it  will  no  doubt  be  necessary  to  thin  out 
some  of  the  plants.  To  do  this  in  drills  is  a  good 
plan,  because  if  dry  weather  sets  in,  water  can  be 
given,  and  some  mulching  can  be  applied  lo  fill  up 
the  drills  later  on.     In  thinning  out  the  plants  should 


300 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[September  4,  1886 


have  ample  space  in  which  to  develope,  and  then 
they  are  seen  to  the  best  advantage. 

The  Reading  Stocks  are  remarkable  for  the  vety 
large  percentage  of  double  varieties  among  them  ; 
but  this  is  doubtless  true  of  all  good  strains  grown  in 
the  present  day.  Careful  selection  has  done  wonders 
during  the  last  twenty  years  in  the  way  of  improve- 
ment ;  the  competition  in  the  trade  has  made  this  an 
absolute  necessity. 

To  prolong  the  beauty  of  Stocks  cut  away  the 
decaying  stems.  It  is  not  because  the  energies  of  the 
plants  are  required  to  perfect  seeds  that  this  course  is 
recommended,  because  it  is  only  the  single  varieties 
that  produce  seeds,  but  simply  because  the  decaying 
spikes  disfigure  the  plants.  We  must  not  anticipate 
the  day  when  every  Slock  will  be  double,  because 
there  will  then  be  no  seeds  to  sow.  Some  double 
flowers— the  Zinnia,  Hollyhock,  Balsam,  and  Dahlia, 
for  instance — produce  seeds,  not  so  the  Stock  ;  and 
so  a  percentage  of  single  flowers  is  absolutely  neces- 
sary, or  the  fine  strains  now  grown  in  gardens  would 
become  lost  to  cultivation.   R.  D. 


attained  apparently  with  ease  among  the  yellow  sorts 
appeared  to  be  unattainable  amongst  the  whites. 
The  variety  above  named  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired,  being  as  fully  globular  in  form  as  the  well 
known  Golden  Ball,  placed  alongside  of  it. 

Messrs.  Laird  &   Sons,   Edinburgh,  made  a   good 
display  of  double  and  single  and  pompon  Dahlias.  .V. 


^COTCH       ]M  0TJE3. 


AGAVE  FILIFERA  IN  FLOWER  AT  THE 
INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  EDIN- 
BURGH. 

This  plant,  noticed  on  p.  So  as  belonging  to 
Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson,  opened  its  first  flowers 
on  August  21.  The  scape  has  attained  a  height  of 
about  12  feet,  about  9  feet  of  which  are  covered 
with  the  opening  flowers  and  flower-buds.  There  are 
several  thousands  of  flowers  on  the  spike,  but  it  is 
doubtful  if  all  will  open  during  the  brief  space  of 
warm  weather  that  remains  of  the  usual  or  ordinary 
northern  summer.  It  is  to  be  hoped  some  means 
may  be  devised  of  securing  the  full  and  successful 
development  of  the  numerous  flowers  which  are  in 
themselves  pretty  enough  to  be  decorative,  if  not 
showy.  They  are  purple-red  in  colour,  with  a  con- 
spicuous brown-crimson  bar  down  the  centre  of  each 
division  of  the  perianth.  The  ordinary  public  are 
greatly  interested  in  the  peculiar  plant ;  it  is,  in  fact, 
at  the  present  time  one  of  the  attractions  of  the  Exhi- 
bition. 

The  Continuous  Horticultural  Display 
in  the  grand  hall  is  being  well  maintained  by  Messrs. 
Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen,  who  have  a  very  fine  col- 
lection of  Roses,  both  H. P.  and  Tea  varieties.  As 
illustrative  of  what  may  be  done  in  the  cold  atmo- 
sphere of  the  Granite  City  in  Rose  growing  Messrs. 
Cocker  may  point  with  some  pride  to  the  splendid 
blooms  of  Merveille  de  Lyon,  A.  K.  Williams,  Alfred 
Colomb  and  others  set  up  in  large  moss-covered  cir- 
cular baskets,  containing  about  fifty  flowers  each. 
The  Tea  Roses  exhibited  by  them  are  also  remark- 
ably good,  being  large  well-developed  flowers,  with 
great  purity  of  colour  and  full  substance.  They 
exhibit  also  an  extensive  collection  of  blooms  of 
hardy  herbaceous  perennials,  some  of  which  were  of 
somewhat  rare  occurrence  in  such  collections.  The 
most  interesting  amongst  the  rare  forms  exhibited 
were  the  pretty  Calceolaria  Kellyana  and  C.  planta- 
ginea,  the  bunches  of  which  were  so  luxuriant  in  pro- 
portions as  to  suggest  that  the  plants  were  thoroughly 
at  home  in  Aberdeen. 

Messrs.  W.  Thomson  &  Sons,  Tweed  Vineyard, 
have  a  large  basket  of  magnificent  bunches  of  their 
Duke  of  Buccleuch  Grape,  the  enormous  berries  of 
which  arrest  the  attention  of  visitors. 

Messrs.  Lamont  &  Son,  Edinburgh,  have  staged 
in  a  most  attractive  manner,  in  pyramidal  bunches, 
about  fifty  varieties  of  their  seedling  Dahlias — a  very 
distinct  and  highly  decorative  display. 

Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Co.,  Rothesay,  bring  forward  a 
very  interesting  display  of  their  own  specialities  in 
Dahlias,  Marigolds,  African,  French  and  Scotch  ;  all 
are  extra  good,  the  Africans  especially  so,  being 
large,  perfect  in  form  and  colour.  Carnations  and 
Picotees  were  also  well  exhibited  by  this  firm.  But 
i,1  they  had  tabled  nothing  besides  their  samples  of 
selected  Turnips  for  the  garden  they  would  have 
conferred  a  favour  on  all  vegetable  growers. 
Dobbie's  Golden  Ball  Turnip  is  very  fine,  perfect  in 
form  and  colour,  but  their  new  White  Model  is  the 
greatest  advance  in  white  varieties  that  we  have  seen. 
We  were  less  in  want  of  improvement  in  yellow  sorts 
than  in  white  sorts.  The  great  defect  in  white 
Turnips  has  always  been  felt  to  be  the  want  of  depth 
that  characterised   them,  the  desired  globular  form 


ANOTHER    ORCHIS    WEEVIL. 

In  our  article  upon  Orchis  insects,  published  last 
year,  an  account  was  given  of  the  various  species 
which  had  up  to  that  period  been  observed  to  infest 
Orchidaceous  plants  in  different  parts  of  the  world, 
and  a  figure  was  given  of  a  weevil  which  Mr.  Pascoe 
proposed  to  describe  under  the  generic  name  of 
Acythopeus,  of  which,  however,  we  believe,  that  no 
description  has  hitherto  been  published. 

In  an  article  to  be  hereafter  published,  several 
species  of  weevils  are  noticed  belonging  to  the  sub- 
family Calandrides,  which  infest  Cycads  in  South 
Africa  and  Australia,  in  which  the  peculiarities  of  some 
of  the  species  of  that  sub-family  of  weevils  are  alluded 
to  as  having  larvae  with  very  humped  backs,  and 
terminal  appendages  to  the  body,  and  which  do  not 
form  any  cocoon,  with  the  fibres  of  the  plants  on  which 
they  subsist,  previous  to  assuming  the  pupa  state. 

We  have  now  to  record  the  occurrence  of  another 


species  of  the  same  sub-family  of  weevils  (Calandrides) 
destructive  to  the  bulbs  of  Orchids  of  the  genus 
Ccelogyne  (C.  cristata)  ;  although  we  are  unable  to 
describe  the  perfect  beetle,  the  specimen  having  died 
in  the  pupa  state.  The  structure  of  the  insect  in 
both  the  larva  and  pupa  condition  show  satisfactorily 
that  the  insect  is  one  of  the  Calandrides,  the  hunched- 
back  of  the  larva  and  the  cocoon  which  it  forms  of 
fibres  of  the  bulbs  of  the  Coslogyne,  agreeing  with 
the  same  peculiarities  in  other  species  of  that  sub- 
family as  stated  in  our  preceding  entomological  article. 
The  larva,  represented  of  the  natural  size  and  magni- 
fied, in  our  left-hand  upper  figures  (fig.  60),  resembles 
that  of  Calandra  Sommeri  in  its  general  form  as  figured 
by  Burmeister  (copied  in  our  last  article),  except  that 
the  extremity  of  the  body,  instead  of  being  furnished 
with  two  serai-horny  porrccted  points,  is  entire  and 
armed  only  with  several  strong  bristles  (see  upper 
right-hand  figure).  The  larva  previous  to  assuming 
the  pupa  state  forms  an  oval  cocoon  within  the  hard 
polished  skin  of  the  bulb  of  the  Ccelogyne,  which  it 
had  previously  excavated  in  the  upper  part  for  its 
food.  The  cocoon,  which  is  carefully  formed  of 
fibres  of  the  interior  of  the  bulb,  is  represented  at 
the  upper  part  of  our  left-hand  figure  with  the 
circular  top  of  the  cocoon  removed.  Within  this 
cocoon  the  pupa,  represented  in  our  right-hand  figures 
(the  middle  one  showing  the  dorsal,  and  the  bottom 
one  the  ventral  surface  of  the  pupa  magnified)  is  deve- 


loped. The  rostrum  is  laid  flat  on  the  breast,  with 
the  two  elbowed  antennae  knobbed  at  their  tips  at  its 
sides,  and  resting  in  front  of  the  anterior  pair  of  legs, 
which,  with  the  second  pair,  are  also  laid  upon  the 
breast  ;  the  wings  and  wing-covers  are  short,  and 
scarcely  visible  in  the  dorsal  view  of  the  pupa,  and 
the  posterior  pair  of  legs  are  also  laid  at  rest  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  extremity  of  the  tibise  are  covered  by 
that  of  the  wing-covers,  leaving  the  posterior  pair  of 
tarsi  free.  The  body  is  terminated  by  a  small,  some- 
what oval  segment,  having  two  apical  setae,  obtuse  at 
the  tips,  each  terminated  by  two  fine  bristles,  repre- 
sented detached  in  the  central  outline  of  our  woodcut. 
/.  0.  W. 


PINUS    EDULIS. 

The  Nut   Pine  of   Colorado. 

The  accompanying  (fig.  61)  i«  the  sketch  of  a 
very  old  plant  of  Pinus  edulis,  about  40  feet  high,  as 
seen  growing  in  Eight  Mile  Park,  Colorado,  at  about 
5000  feet  elevation  above  the  sea.  There,  as  else- 
where in  the  same  region,  it  occurs  gregariously,  but 
with  the  the  trees  growing  in  very  loose  order  upon 
rather  dry  slopes.  Seen  from  a  distance  no  one 
would  suppose  that  it  was  a  Pine  ;  its  short  squat 
trunk  and  lurid  rather  leaden-coloured  foliage  and 
want  of  symmetry  in  the  ramification  are  not  familiar 
features  of  the  genus,  nor  are  the  quite  smooth  bark 
and  inconspicuous  cones.  It  is,  in  fact,  often  described 
by  travellers  as  resembling  an  Apple  tree,  but  to 
realise  this  one  must,  to  account  for  the  colour, 
picture  the  Apple  tree  covered  with  "American" 
blight. 

P.  edulis  is  confined  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
where  it  extends  from  the  latitude  of  Pike's  Peak 
(39°  N.),  to  New  Mexico  and  Western  Texas,  about 
latitude  32°  N.  Throughout  this  range  it  afforded  in 
old  times  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  food  to  the 
Indians,  as  its  close  ally,  P.  Fremontiana  and  others 
did,  in  the  "great  basin  "  region  to  the  west  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  It  is  a  plant  of  very  slow  growth, 
yielding  a  white  wood  of  a  compact  grain,  but  soft 
and  brittle,  and  of  which  the  annual  rings  are  so  very 
close  set  that  it  is  difficult  to  distinguish  them. 

As  grown  at  Kew  P.  edulis  is  an  insgnificant  plant 
of  thirty  years'  growth,  and  yet  not  8  feet  high,  and 
younger  plants  show  no  promise  of  a  more  satisfac- 
tory future.  It  is  often  named  P.  cembroides  in  the 
older  nursery  catalogues,  but  this  is  a  much  more  deli- 
cate species,  whereas  P.  edulis  is  hardy  enough.  I 
have  seen  no  cones  formed  in  England. 

The  only  use  to  which,  as  I  was  informed,  the  wood 
of  P.  edulis  is  put  is  for  fuel,  for  which  purpose  it  is 
said  to  be  admirably  adapted.    J.  D.  Hooker. 


^^OLONIAL      ]V0TE3. 


NEW    ZE.^LAND    FORESTS. 

Professor  Kirk  has  presented  to  the  New 
Zealand  Government  a  valuable  report  on  the  various 
forest  districts  of  New  Zealand.  Each  district  is 
separately  reported  on,  as  to  its  size,  situation,  pro- 
ducts, cultivation,  commerce,  c5tc.  As  usual,  the 
nuisance  of  popular  names  of  vague  application  is 
illustrated.  The  most  valuable  timber  tree  is  the 
Kauri,  Agathis  (or  Dammara)  australis,  the  forests  of 
whiah  afford  "  one  of  the  grandest  sights  in  the 
vegetable  world.  Magnificent  columns,  from  50  to 
60  feet  to  the  first  branch,  and  from  4  to  S  feet  in 
diameter,  rise  in  rank  after  rank,  the  bold,  glossy 
foliage  being  altogether  unlike  that  of  any  other  tree 
in  the  forest.  The  timber  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
valuable  of  all  the  Pines,  combining  great  strength 
and  durability  with  a  texture  at  once  compact  and 
silky,  often  beautilul  waved,  'rhoded,'  or  figured, 
and  occasionally  mottled."  Professor  Kirk  calculates 
that,  at  the  present  rate  of  consumption,  the  Kauri 
forests  of  Auckland  will  be  exhausted  in  twenty-six 
years,  but,  presuming  the  consumption  to  increase 
yearly,  in  the  same  proportion  that  it  now  does. 
Kauri  will  be  practically  worked  out  in  fifteen  years. 

The  greatest  care  in  preserving  and  husbanding  the 
resources  of  the  colony  in  this  matter  is  advocated, 
should  this  warning  be  unheeded,  a  large  displace- 
ment of  labour  will  result,  and  the  prosperity  of  the 
North  island  will  be  greatly  retarded.  The  total 
quantity  of  sawn  timber  exported  from  various  dis- 
tricts of  New  Zealand  is  given  at  28,439,013   feet,  of 


September  4,  rS86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


301 


the  total  value  of^i4i,355,  in  the  year  1SS5,  of  which 
no  less  than  25,694,997  feet,  of  the  total  value  of 
;if  127,463,  was  from  the  district  of  Auckland.  The 
quantity  of  Kauri  gum  exported  in  the  same  year  is 
given  at  58753  tons,  of  the  value  of  ^  299, 762. 

We  gave  an  illustration  of  the  cone  and  foliagej  of 
this  magnificent  and  valuable  tree  in  our  issue  for 
October  27,  1883,  p.  525,  the  drawing  having  been 
originally  made  for  us  from  a  fine  tree  in  the  Tem- 
perate-house at  Kew,  by  the  courtesy  of  Mrs.  Dyer. 

Visitors  to  the  New  Zealand  courts  at  the  Colonial 
Exhibition  will  need  no  further  reminder  of  the  enor- 
mous value  of  some  of  these  woods,  and  of  the  neces- 
sity of  a  system  of  effective  conservancy.  A  corre- 
sponding list  of  trees  supplying  useful  bark  is  given. 
Mr.  Kirk  shows  how  much  turpentine,  resin,  and 
other  products,  is  now  utterly  wasted,  while  large 
importations  of  these  products,  or  derivatives  from 
them,  take  place.  Similar  waste  is  allowed  to  occur 
with  the  very  valuable  Kauri  gum,  hpropos  of  which 
we  may  slate  a  fact  that  has  recently  been  brought 


"Elands  Boontjes,"  Elephantorhiza  Burchelli,  while 
the  "  Kumara,"  Ipomosa  chrysorhiza,  a  New  Zealand 
Convolvulus,  producing  edible  tubers,  figured  by  us  in 
a  former  volume,  is  mentioned  as  a  success  here,  as 
also  at  Saharunpur,  in  N.W.  India.  The  insect 
powder  plant  (Pyrethrum  carneum  and  P.  roseum) 
have  been  succesfully  introduced. 

Straits  Settlements. 
Mr.  Cantley  has  prepared  a  concise  and  clear 
report  of  the  work  of  the  Forest  Department  for 
the  year  1885  in  Singapore,  Malacca,  Penang,  and 
Wellesley.  Ceara  rubber  (Manihot  Glaziovii),  Para 
rubber  (Hevea  brasiliensis),  and  other  useful  plants 
have  been  introduced  with  fair  chance  of  success. 
The  more  important  works  of  the  year  in  the  three 
Settlements  are  summarised  as  follows  ; — Area  demar 
cated,  17,455  acres.  Surveyed,  8865  acres.  Length 
of  boundary  opened,  61  miles,  at  a  cost  of  about 
62  dols.  per  mile,  and  5  miles  planted  with  fast- 
growing  trees.     Length  of  boundary  kept  up  of  pre- 


FlG.    61. — PINUS   EDULIS  :    THE  NtJT   PINE.      (SEE   P.    30O. ) 
(From  a  drawing  by  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker,  in  Colorado.) 


under  our  notice,  viz.,  that  Kauri  gum  softened  by 
heat  forms  probably  the  best  material  known  for 
makiog  models  of  the  mouth  for  dentists'  purposes. 

Adelaide. 

The  annual  report  of  Dr.  Schomburgh  is  as  usual 
full  of  indications  of  the  well-directed  zeal  and  energy 
of  the  Director.  Much  of  the  contents  of  the  report 
are  of  course  of  local  value  only,  and  concern  plants, 
many  of  which  are  pretty  well  known  in  Europe, 
though  only  lately  introduced  into  South  Australia. 

From  this  report  for  1S85  we  learn  that  during  that 
year  the  rainfall  was  no  more  than  15.8  inches,  or 
5.2  inches  below  the  average  of  forty  years.  The 
heat  in  the  driest  months — November,  January — was 
abnormally  great,  the  maximum  in  the  sun  being  173°, 
and  in  the  shade,  113°.  Such  a  temperature  after  a 
drought  of  three  months  duration  was  very  injurious  to 
vegetation,  so  much  so  that  the  Wheat  crop  was  a 
total  failure,  the  average  yield  not  having  been  more 
than  three  bushels  to  the  acre.  In  May  and  June  a 
slight  frost  (2°  or  3°)  occurred.  The  Cheesemaker 
(Withania  coagulans)  promises  to  be  a  success,  as  also 


vious  year's  demarcation,  46  miles.  Area  protected, 
--.753  acres,  being  about  an  average  of  1202  per 
watchman  employed.  Buildings  erected,  seven, 
being  four  permanent  and  three  temporary.  Area 
planted,  59  acres  ;  weeded,  64  acres.  Weeding  and 
planting  taken  together  cost  about  13  dols.  per  acre. 
Number  of  plants  propagated,  iSo.ooo,  at  an  average 
cost  of  9  dols.  per  1000.  Number  of  specimens  for 
Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  271.  Number  of 
herbarium  specimens  collected,  43S9.  Seeds  col- 
lected, 300  lb.  Received  from  India,  86  lb.  Num- 
ber of  prosecutions  for  illicit  tree-cutting,  twenty- 
three.  Number  of  convictions  obtained,  fifteen. 
Area  added  to  nurseries,  9  acres. 

Agri-Horticultural  Society  of  Madras. 

The  year  just  concluded  was  the  Jubilee  of  the 
Society,  it  having  begun  its  work  on  July  15,  1835, 
and  nobody  familiar  with  the  Society's  gardens  and 
their  very  great  wealth  in  exotic  plants  collected 
from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  would  suggest  that 
the  half  century  has  been  spent  in  sloth.  Hor- 
ticulturists in  Madras  are  apt   to  forget,   and  those 


who  are  not  horticulturists  are  probably  ignorant, 
that  for  many,  possibly  most,  of  their  handsomest 
herbaceous  plants,  trees,  and  shrubs,  they  are 
indebted  to  the  Agri-Horticultural  Society  ;  and  that 
for  that  reason,  as  well  as  others,  the  Society  deserves 
their  support  in  both  subscriptions  and  contributions. 
Observers,  not  scientific  botanists,  are  now  so  accus- 
tomed to  the  great  variety  of  vegetable  life  which 
beautifies  Madras  and  its  suburbs,  and  makes  the 
gardens  and  roadsides  interesting,  that  the  time, 
labour,  and  money  expended  in  their  collection  from 
every  country  within  the  tropics,  and  many  without, 
escape  their  memories  ;  as  do  the  nursing  and  propa- 
gation by  skilled  hands  in,  and  liberal  distribution 
from,  the  Society's  gardens.  Many  of  the  most 
useful  and  commonest  plants  of  the  hedgerow,  now 
annually  sowing  themselves  and  reproducing  their 
kind  in  spite  of  never-ceasing  cropping  and  browsing 
by  voracious  goats  and  their  hungry  owners,  but  for 
the  Society  and  its  correspondents,  would  not  have 
wandered  here  from  their  distant  homes  in  other 
parts  of  India,  in  Africa,  America,  or  Australia.  The 
committee  think  that  the  past  and  present  members 
of  the  Society  may  look  around  and  congratulate 
themselves  that  their  first  fifty  years  of  association 
have  been  well  spent.  Annual  Report. 


MARKET    PLANTS. 

Perhaps  at  no  better  place  can  what  may  be 
called  the  commercial  side  of  horticulture  (as  dis- 
tinguished from  its  scientific  aspect)  be  seen  to  greater 
advantage  than  at  a  market  plant  nursery.  Such 
establishments,  when  on  a  large  scale — as  is  the  one 
under  notice — truly  cater  for  the  million. 

These  thoughts  are  suggested  by  a  recent  inspec- 
tion of  a  fine  display  at  present  on  view,  at  Mr.  May's 
nursery.  Upper  Edmonton,  ofj  Tree  Carnations,  in 
4S-sized  pots,  and  in  prime  condition.  There  are  in 
all  about  20,000  plants ;  some  are  now  in  flower, 
others  flowering.  Taken  as  a  whole  they  are  about 
as  fine  a  lot  of  plants  as  one  would  wish  to  find.  We 
append  names  of  a  few  of  the  most  striking  sorts  ; — 

Miss  Joliffe,  pink,  very  free,  and  one  of  the  most 
popular  kinds,  in  evidence  of  which  it  may  be  stated 
that  a  hundred  dozen  flowers  of  it  have  been  sold 
daily,  good  blooms,  realising  Is.  per  dozen  in  the 
market. 

Amongst  pure  whites,  fine  varieties,  are  Mdlle. 
Carle  and  L'Herminie, 

In  yellows,  Andalusia,  good  and  useful  ;  Tissot's 
Yellow,  Pride  of  Penshurst,  a  real  acquisition,  and 
one  of  the  best  in  this  section  ;  although  strictly 
speaking  this  is  not  a  Tree  Carnation,  yet  it  may  be 
grown  with  them,  and  will  flower  freely  through  the 
winter.  Boissy,  pale  yellow,  fringed  edges,  compact 
and  free  ;  Chevalier,  fine. 

Amongst  scarlets,  one  appropriately  named  Lucifer 
is  the  most  popular  ;  A.  Alegatiere  is  very  fine,  dwarf, 
bushy  habit,  and  free;  Duke  of  Albany,  and  Worthing- 
ton  Smith. 

Amongst  crimsons  we  noted  good  desirable  kinds 
in  Indian  Chief,  Negro,  Burgundy,  Dr.  Raymond, 
very  fine  :  Magnifica,  rose-pink  ;  Laura,  flesh 
coloured  ;  Jean  Sisley,  a  prettily  mottled  flower. 

Ferns  are  a  great  specialty  here,  and  grown  in 
bewildering  numbers  and  in  all  the  most  popular 
varieties.  Of  Adiantum  cuneatum  several  houses, 
100  feet  long,  are  devoted  to  this  variety  alone,  so 
great  is  the  demand  for  this  useful  sort.  Pteris  cretica, 
May's  variety,  was  seen  in  wonderfully  good  form  ;  it 
is  a  fine  variety  of  albo-lineata,  very  sturdy  and  com- 
pact in  growth,  of  dwarf  habit,  and  hardy  constitu- 
tion. Davallia  GrifHthiana  is  a  very  beautiful  form, 
with  dark  green  fronds,  rhizomes  stout,  its  long 
silvery-grey  scales  forming  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the 
dark  fronds. 

Some  wonderfully  well  coloured  examples  of 
Crotons  were  noted  ;  the  narrow-leaved  section  is  that 
principally  grown,  being  more  adaptable  for  table 
work.  Good  varieties  for  this  purpose  are  Warreni, 
Johannis,  and  Countess — the  latter,  in  fact,  might 
be  aptly  described  as  a  "  pillar  of  gold." 

Of  that  true  market  plant,  Ficus  elastica,  the  India- 
rubber,  an  enormous  batch  is  grown  ;  cuttings  struck 
last  spring  are  now  sturdy  little  bushes  from  a  foot  to 
iS  inches  in  height. 

Of  Ivies,  the  beautifully  silver  variegated  and  useful 
sort  Hedera  maderensis  variegata  is  represented  by 
a  very  fine  stock — the  long  lines  of  it  having  an 
eflfective  and  attractive  appearance.     When  dealing 


302 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Sfptember  4,  1886. 


wiih  the  flnwers,  mention  was  omitted  to  be  made  o! 
these  good  varieties  of  Bouvardias,  viz,,  Humboldtit 
cotyinbiHora,  candidissimi  and  j^sminiflora.  Of  the 
first-named  sort,  which  is  the  largest  white,  a  house 
100  feet  long  is  devoted  to  its  culture  ;  as  moit  of 
the  plants  are  now  in  bloom,  the  effict  produced  on 
the  visitor  is,  as  may  be  imagined,  in  the  nature  of  a 
surprise. 

The  perfume  emitted  from  such  an  assemblage  of 
sweet  smelling  subjects  is  almost  overpowering. 

A  concluding  note  to  this  necessarily  hasty  and  in- 
adequate sketch  may  be  found  in  recording  that  the 
old  double  white  Camellia — albo  plena — is  repre- 
sented by  some  sturdy  specimens  now  in  flower,  some 
of  the  individual  blooms  giving  the  idea  of  snowballs, 
so  fine  are  they.  Azalea  Fielder's  White  is  another 
good  thing.  It  is  the  only  variety  grown,  and  indeed 
it  would  be  difficult  to  beat  for  market  purposes.  B. 


J^0R£3TF(Y. 

PREPARATORY  TO  PLANTING. 
First  of  all  we  would  seriously  urge  that  as  the 
time  is  fast  approaching  when  planting  operations  will 
demand  attention,  all  work  necessary  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  ground  be  forwarded  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible, including  fencing,  draining,  removal  of  scrub, 
holing  or  pitting,  and  trenching.  The  first  requisite 
to  successful  planting  is  a  fence  impervious  to  farm 
stock  generally— catile,  horses,  and  sheep;  and  this, 
according  to  circumstances,  locally  considered,  may 
either  be  formed  of  stones,  continuous  iron  and  wire 
fencing,  or  the  more  commonly  adopted  estate  fence 
of  wood  and  wire.  Where  mountain  sheep  abound 
have  the  fence,  at  any  cost,  made  sufficiently 
high  to  prevent  their  inroads  ;  for  once  an  entrance 
is  effected,  the  better  grass  and  greater  amount 
of  shelter  afforded  by  a  wood  or  high-lying 
plantations  are  such  enticements  that  to  put 
a  stop  to  their  inroads  is  a  task  of  no  small 
trouble.  The  advantages  of  early  pitting  are 
of  great  importance,  the  soil  thrown  out  being 
ameliorated  by  exposure,  and  consequently  well  fitted 
for  placing  next  the  roots  of  the  young  tree  when 
planted  out.  Form  the  pits,  if  for  plants  of  ordi- 
nary size — say  12  inches  to  24  inches  high  at  4  feet 
apart,  the  size  of  each  being  16  inches  diameter 
by  12  inches  deep,  the  bottom  and  sides  being  well 
loosened  with  1  pick.  Previous  to  pitting,  all  rough 
herbage  should  be  cleared  from  the  ground  and 
burned,  and  drains  formed  to  carry  off  stagnant 
water  where  it  is  found. 

Thinning. 
Overgrown  plantations  of  small  size  may  now  be 
thinned,  this  operation  being  performed  in  a  manner 
suited  to  the  exposure,  and  should  in  every  case 
be  lightest  upon  the  margins  which  are  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  prevailing  winds.  Where  the  plantations 
are  not  of  importance  as  game  coverts,  the  trees 
may  be  allowed  to  stand  thicker  than  usual,  indeed 
by  the  preservation  of  a  leafy  canopy,  the  size  and 
thickness  of  poles  is  equalised  in  a  very  marked 
degree. 

Thinning  Soft.wood  Plantations. 

We  are  at  present  thinning  a  go-acre  plantation  of 
mixed  Larch  and  Scotch  Fir  and  a  few  Douglas 
Spruces,  of  twenty- five  years'  planting.  The  soil  is 
good,  a  free  sandy  loam,  but  the  exposure  and  eleva- 
tion are  rather  against  the  production  of  good  timber, 
the  lower  portion  of  the  wood  being  700  feet  and  the 
upper  fully  1000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  while  being 
situated  on  the  flank  of  one  of  the  Snowdon  spurs, 
the  south-west  winds  tell  somewhat  severely,  more 
particularly  at  the  higher  elevations. 

No  thinning  has  taken  place  for  upwards  of  ten 
years,  and  the  poles,  of  fully  9  yards  in  length,  are 
clean,  and  as  straight  as  a  gun-barrel,  and  destitute 
of  live  branches  for  three-fourths  their  height.  Had 
the  wood  been  regu'arly  thinned,  and  the  trees 
allowed  to  branch  to  the  ground  the  poles  would  cer- 
tainly not  have  commanded  the  same  price  as  by  the 
course  of  management  they  have  undergone.  Unless 
in  the  case  of  small  plantations,  it  is  good  policy  to 
finish  up  a  portion  of  the  woodland,  so  that  game 
driven  from  the  other  parts  may  find  a  shelter  where 
they  will  not  be  further  disturbed.  For  this  purpose, 
we  would  suggest  that  all  timber,  poles,  firewood,  and 


branches  if  they  are  required,  be  conveyed  to  the 
clearance  roads,  or,  belter  still,  where  such  is  conve- 
nient, to  pasture  fiells  or  alongside  roads  contigmus 
to  the  plantations.  This  will  allow  the  portions 
thinned  to  be  not  again  entered  and  so  do  away  with 
the  chances  of  game  disturbing,  which,  as  most 
foresters  know,  is  an  unpardonable  fault  in  the  eyes 
of  the  keepers  of  such. 

Planting  Evergreens. 

These  may  now  be  transplanted  with  a  great 
amount  of  success,  especially  when  dull,  dampish 
weather  is  chosen  for  the  operation. 

For  renovating  shrubberies,  planting  up  thin  wood- 
lands, or  thickening  game  coverts  this  is  a  capital 
time,  and  such  work  will  be  well  over  before 
general  forest  planting  commences.  Dig  the 
holes  intended  for  the  reception  of  those  of  a 
large  size,  say,  a  couple  of  feet  in  diameter  by 
18  inches  in  depth,  and  do  not  plant  too  thickly,  but 
at  such  a  distance  that  the  outer  branches  will  be 
quite  free  from  each  other.  Fi':;quenlly  in  the  forma- 
tion of  game  coverts,  and  where  immediate  effect  is 
desirable,  we  plant  doubly  thick,  and  when  the 
plants,  in  two  years  or  so  afterwards,  begin  to 
encroach  on  each  other  every  alternate  one  is  removed. 
Box,  Laurel,  and  Laurustinus  suit  this  method  of 
management  well.  A  great  mistake  is  frequently 
made  both  in  planting  evergreens  for  ornament  and 
covert  for  game  by  over-doing  the  work,  that  is,  by 
planting  the  various  clumps  in  too  close  proximity. 
Game,  particularly  pheasants  and  rabbits,  detest 
such,  but  enjoy  free  open  spaces  between  the  clumps, 
and  for  this  reason,  as  well  as  the  more  ornamental 
appearance  imparted  to  the  woodlands  by  nicely  laid 
out,  irregularly  shaped  masses,  it  behoves  the  planter 
to  use  a  little  timely  discretion  in  the  laying  out  and 
planting  ol  such.  A.  D.  IVebslei;  Penrhyn  CaUli. 


BELLADONNA    AND    GUERN- 
SEY   LILIES. 

These  two  names,  given  respectively  to  two  beau- 
tiful flowering  bulbs,  I  have  reason  to  know  are 
considered  by  some  amateurs  to  belong  to  one  and  the 
same  plant.  Growers  know  that,  though  much  alike 
in  habit  of  growth,  the  actual  blooms  differ  greatly. 
Why  either  is  called  a  Lily  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand, as  both  belong  to  the  natural  order  Amarylli- 
daceae,  and  are  not  akin  to  Liliums  proper.  Nor  are 
they  intimately  related  to  each  other,  botanists  having 
chosen  to  name  the  former  Amaryllis,  and  the  latter 
Nerine.  The  former  is  an  African  bulb  from  that  pai  t 
of  the  world  so  rich  in  bulbs — the  Caps  of  Good 
Hope  J  and  the  latter  is  a  Japanese  plant,  though 
named  Nerine  sarniensis,  and  supposed  by  many  to 
be  indigenous,  or  to  belong  to  Guernsey.  It  would 
be  interesting  therefore  to  know  how  this  name 
originated,  and  along  with  it  the  facts  of  its  origin.  The 
Guernsey  Lily  is  the  more  showy  of  the  two,  though, 
like  the  genus  it  belongs  to,  the  petals  are  sparsely 
arranged  and  narrow,  with  the  pistil  and  stamens  pro- 
jecting greatly,  in  a  similar  manner  to  the  smaller- 
flowered  Nerines. 

The  flowers  of  the  Belladonna  Lily,  borne  upon 
stout,  upright  stalks,  are  more  compact  and  numerous, 
and  have  a  white  groundwork  flushed  with  dark  rose 
around  and  at  the  margins  of  the  flower;  the  colour 
of  the  Guernsey  Lily  is,  on  the  contrary,  of  a  crimson- 
scarlet.  There  are  further  peculiarities  to  be  noted 
in  regard  to  each.  Unlike  most  other  bulbous 
plants  of  apparent  similitude,  they  appear  to  rest 
during  our  summer  season,  push  forth  their  bloom- 
spikes  by  the  advent  of  September,  and  subsequently 
make  leaf  growth,  the  Guernsey  Lily  being  the  first 
to  show  leaf  activity.  For  this  reason  dry  bulbs 
of  both  are  only  offered  at  the  autumn  season  of  the 
year,  these  being  probably  introduced  from  Guern- 
sey, the  climate  of  which  island  seems  to  be  suited 
to  their  wants.  Such  bulbs  when  purchased  rarely 
seem  to  do  well  after  the  first  year  or  so.  E.\- 
perience  shows  that  success  is  possible  with  them, 
nevertheless,  under  suitable  treatment,  the  bulbs 
require  uniformity  of  moisture,  and  hence  do  far 
better  in  borders  than  in  pots.  The  only  position 
suitable  for  them  out-of-doors  in  this  country  is  at 
the  foot  of  a  wall  having  a  warm  aspect  ;  better 
still,  the  front  border  outside  a  hothouse  which 
has  a  flue  for  heating,  the  flue  imparting  some 
warmth  to  the  earth  in  its  vicinity.  In  other 
words,   what  is   really   required   is  an  inducement 


for  the  bulbs  to  make  an  earlier  start  into  flower  and 
growth  than  is  furnished  by  the  warmth  of  the  ordi- 
nary garden  borders.  This  being  the  season  when 
fresh  imported  bulbs  are  purchased,  they  should  be 
potted  as  soon  as  received,  and  watered  freely,  for 
notwithstanding  the  bulbs  are  devoid  of  roots,  they, 
unlike  some  other  kinds,  do  not  suffer  from  excess  of 
moisture.    ]Villiam  Earlcy. 


|iu  p'wm. 


GENERAL    DIRECTIONS. 

The  lazy  bees  I  spoke  of  in  my  last  ar.icle  are 
working  harder  and  harder.  I  have  still  further 
improved  their  circumstances  by  taking  a  weak  stock 
of  bees  which  could  hardly  have  got  through  the 
winter  unassisted,  and  added  them  to  these  now  indus- 
trious bees.  And  this  remark  will  hold  good  at  all 
times,  that  next  to  keeping  the  bees  dry  in  winter  the 
"best  packing  for  bees  is  bees."  I  forget  who 
made  that  remark,  but  it  is  sound  and  good,  as  I 
have  proved.  Therefore  take  care  that  you  have 
plenty  of  bees  in  all  hives  which  are  going  to  remain, 
and  also  have  a  laying  queen.  If  anything  has  hap- 
pened to  the  queen  of  a  hive,  or  if  you  are  not  satis- 
fied with  the  reigning  queen,  do  away  with  her,  and 
then  add  the  remaining  bees  to  a  hive  that  has  a 
small  population.  It  is  as  well  also,  while  you  are 
doing  all  these  things,  to  have  an  eye  to  the  future. 
From  various  experiments  I  have  made  I  think  that 
reversing  hives  or  frames  (which  is  the  same  thing) 
is  a  good  thing  under  certain  conditions,  and  if  done 
at  the  right  lime.  I  know  this  is  a  disputed  point, 
and  if  you  do  not  think  it  prudent  to  go  through  with 
the  whole  lot,  try  one  or  two  hives.  I  will  describe 
briefly  what  I  am  doing. 

At  this  season  I  have  plenty  of  empty  combs 
which  have  been  relieved  of  their  contents  by  the 
extractor.  I  cut  these  combs  clean  out  of  the  frames, 
and  fit  them  into  my  reversible  frames,  and  then  mix 
two  or  three  lots  of  driven  bees  together  and  put 
them  into  a  hive  thus  fitted  up -the  queens  to  fight  it 
out  in  the  usual  manner.  Then  feed  up  quickly  for 
winter,  but  do  not  give  them  more  syrup  than  they 
can  comfortably  seal  up,  as  unsealed  syrup  must  never 
be  allowed  in  winter.  To  save  correspondence  these 
frames  are  to  be  obtained  at  Messrs.  Edey  &  Son's, 
St.  Neot's,  Hunts,  at  a  reasonable  rate  and  soundly 
made.  Then  leave  all  alone  till  spring.  At  the 
usual  time  (if.,  about  the  middle  or  end  of  March, 
according  to  the  weather)  examine  the  hive  and  see  if 
food  is  required.  If  it  is  not,  close  the  hive  again 
till  swarming  time,  but  if  the  bees  are  short  ol  food 
gently  feed  till  honey  is  coming  in.  When  the  bees 
are  about  to  swarm  reverse  the  frames,  and  put  on 
supers.  If  done  as  I  have  explained  there  will  be  a 
general  stampede  to  the  supers,  and  the  honey  at  the 
bottom  of  the  hive  will  be  hastily  carried  to  the  top, 
and  the  queen  will  have  more  room  to  lay.  This  will 
prevent  any  hanging  out  and  consequent  laziness  at 
swarming  time.  I  fancy  I  hear  some  one  say,  "  Why 
did  you  not  do  that  with  the  lazy  bees?"  The 
answer  is,  that  the  hive  did  not  contain  the  reversible 
frames.    Waller  Chilly,  Pewsey, 


\)i\    j'l0iinr    ||aifleii 


CARNATIONS,     &c. 

Cut  the  old  blooms  off  Carnations  as  soon  as  their 
beauty  is  over.  Young  plants  of  these  and  Pinks  which 
are  sufficiently  rooted  may  now  be  planted  perma- 
nently in  the  beds  or  situations  it  is  intended  they 
should  occupy,  or,  if  this  is  impracticable,  they  may 
be  transferred  to  nursery  lines,  taking  care  not  to 
overcrowd  them,  but  to  allow  sufficient  space  between 
each  that  a  large  ball  may  be  secured  to  each  plant 
when  they  are  again  transplanted.  They  may  also 
be  potted  into  3  or  4  inch  pots,  and  the  pots  plunged 
out-of-doors. 

Roses. 

Those  stocks  which  have  been  budded  should  be 
examined  to  see  if  the  buds  have  taken.     Those  tha 


September  4,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


30: 


have  uniied  should  have  the  ties  removed  and  the 
shoots  shortened  back  to  throw  the  full  strength  into 
the  budf.  Mar^chal  Niel  succeeds  well  budded  on 
Gloire  de  Dijon.  Roses  which  are  associated  with 
shrubs  and  herbaceous  plants  are  in  constant  danger 
of  being  robbed  of  their  due  share  of  moisture  at  the 
roots.  Unless  special  attention  be  bestowed  upon 
plants  in  such  positions,  to  secure  them  an  ample 
supply  of  manure-water,  the  wood  for  next  season's 
flowering  will  be  in  anything  but  a  satisfactory  state. 
Do  not  allow  mildew  to  obtain  a  footing,  but  as  soon 
as  it  is  discovered  take  steps  to  subdue  it. 


JhE      !PULB      'QaRDEN. 


Biennials. 
Get  Wallflowers,  Sweet  William;,  Rockets,  Bromp- 
ton  and  other  Stocks,  &c.,  transferred  to  their 
permanent  quarters  with  all  haste.  The  long  nights 
are  now  more  favourable  for  these  subjects  obtaining  a 
hold.  Where  Foxgloves  are  grown  in  borders  a 
quantity  of  young  seedlings  will  be  distributed 
around.  Instead  of  destroying  those,  let  any  bare 
place  in  shrubbery  or  woods  be  forked  up  and  the 
seedlings  transplanted.  They  will  be  very  ornamenlal 
when  in  flower  if  grown  in  large  masses  together ; 
thus  unattractive  spots  may  be  made  beautiful  by  a 
little  labour.    William  M.  Baillie,  Luion  Hoo  Girdciis. 


7hE    'pRCHID     J40U3ES. 


POTTING  CATTLEYAS  AND  L^ilLIAS. 

Exi'ERIENCED  growers  require  no  teaching  how 
best  to  pot,  but  a  few  hints  to  beginners  may  be 
useful.  Turning  Orchids  out  to  repot  them  should 
always  teach  the  operator  a  lesson,  especially  tthen 
many  of  the  plants  have  been  bought  in,  and  may 
have  been  potted  by  different  people  in  various  ways. 
Many  of  the  Cattleyas  will  grow  very  well  on  a  block 
ot  raft,  if  in  a  humid  atmosphere  during  their  grow- 
ing season,  but  there  is  a  wide  difl'erence  between 
growing  a  plant  on  a  bare  raft  or  block,  and  then 
taking  it  off  and  potting  it  in  3  to  6  inches  of  peat 
and  sphagnum.  If  the  peat  be  good  I  consider  this 
a  great  waste.  Those  who  have  grown  plants  other 
than  Orchids  may  have  an  idea  that  plenty  of  good 
peat,  &c.,  about  the  roots  would  be  the  means  of 
helping  Cattleyas  to  make  fine  pseudobulbs,  but  I 
have  never  found  this  to  be  the  case.  I  have  also 
made  experiments  with  diff'erent  manures  for  Cattleyas 
and  a  few  other  epiphytal  Orchids,  mixed  wilh  the 
compost  for  potting,  and  sometimes  laid  on  the  drain- 
age, but  I  have  never  gained  anything  by  it.  Some 
manures  will  soon  make  everything  in  the  pots  in 
such  a  state,  that  no  roots  can  live  ;  and  I  would  say 
to  those  who  are  guided  more  by  advice  given,  than 
by  practical  experience,  that  when  they  see  measure- 
ments given  of  pseudobulbs  and  leaves  of  which  the 
plants  have  been  fed  with  manure,  to  first  measure 
their  own  plants,  and  if  these  are  found  to  be  not  far 
behind  to  let  well  alone.  I  think  the  safest  manure 
for  all  epiphytal  Orchids  is  from  evaparation  by 
damping  a  bed  of  Oak  leaves  in  the  evening  with 
manure-water,  then  the  aerial  roots  can  take  in  quite 
as  much  as  will  be  good  for  the  plants. 

Returning  to  my  remarks  on  potting,  our  system 
is  very  simple.  We  free  the  roots  of  the  old  potting 
material,  cut  away  all  dead  ones,  then  take  the  new 
pot ;  before  patting  in  any  drainage,  place  the  plants 
over  the  pot  a  little  above  the  rim,  holding  a  stake 
and  one  of  the  bulbs  in  one  hand  ;  the  stake  should 
rest  on  the  bottom  of  the  pot.  Having  ascertained 
the  height,  take  the  plant  and  stake  out  together  ; 
secure  the  latter  firmly  to  the  bulb  with  two  ties, 
adding  one  or  two  more  stakes  if  necessary;  again  set 
the  plant  over  the  pot,  letting  the  stakes  rest  on  the 
bottom  of  the  pot ;  then  commence  putting  in  the 
drainage— this  should  be  new  crocks— placing  them 
carefally  round  the  roots,  at  the  same  time  fixing  the 
stakes  ;  fill  the  pot  to  the  top  with  crocks,  and  then 
pack  a  thin  layer  of  good  fibrous  peat  and  sphagnum 
over  the  top  ;  damp  the  surface  and  outside  of  the 
pot,  and  if  the  weather  be  dry  keep  the  moss  fresh 
by  damping.  Potted  in  this  way  the  plants  keep  their 
roots  better  through  the  winter,  and  there  is  less 
danger  of  over-watering.  It  is  very  important  that 
new  potted  Cattleyas  and  Laelias  should  be  well 
secured  with  stakes,  for  if  they  get  disturbed  just 
as  the  roots  are  starting  the  plants  will  suffer.  Large 
specimens  do  not  require  so  much  fixing.  C  Wool- 
fordf  Downside  Houses  Lealherhead, 


EARLY    FLOWERING    GLADIOLI. 

Few  plants  possess  greater  merit  than  do  the 
varieties  of  the  particular  forms  of  Gladiolus  known 
popularly  as  the  early  flowering.  Unfortunately  it  is 
not  tio  well  known — especially  amongst  amateur 
growers — that  they  are  hardy  and  able  to  withstand 
severe  winters  in  the  open  border.  They  will  grow 
readily  in  ordinary  soil>,  increasing  freely,  and  will, 
if  left  undisturbed,  push  forth  each  spring  in  greater 
quantity,  blooming  as  early  as  the  months  of  June  and 
July.  Doubtless  the  older  communis  and  B)zintine, 
or  Turkish  variety  are  known  to  many  a  cottage 
garden,  having  been  introduced  almost  concurrently 
with  the  seventeenth  century.  It  is  not  to  these 
species,  nor  even  the  later  cardinalis  (a  beautiful 
form),  I  wish  more  particularly  to  refer,  but  to  the 
several  modern  introductions,  which,  independently 
of  the  above  merits,  possess  such  beautiful  combina- 
tions of  colour.  First,  however,  I  would  refer  to  the 
lovely  white- flowered  form  — Colvilli  alba  (The 
Bride),  which  has  such  dwarf  habit  and  great  free- 
dom of  flowering  as  to  make  it  indispensable  in  every 
garden.  In  the  original  species,  or  Gladiolus  Colvilli, 
we  have  a  lovely  striped  flower,  consisting  of  white 
stripes  upon  a  variously  shaded  rosy-purple  ground. 
More  recent  improvements  consist  of  a  white  flower 
with  crimson  blotch,  Delicatissima ;  Miry  Anderson, 
blush-white,  carmine-red  blotched  and  lemon  colour  ; 
Premier,  vermilion-scarlet  with  white  blotches  ; 
Duke  of  Albany,  dark  scarlet  with  purplish  blotches  ; 
Prince  Albert,  shaded  salmon,  wilh  distinct  white 
blotches  on  inner  petals  ;  Rosy  Gem,  shaded  rose, 
each  petal  having  a  white  blotch  surrounded  with 
crimson.  I  would  also  note  an  improved  form  of 
the  old  Racemosus,  named  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  of  deeper 
colour  than  the  original,  being  instead  o(  rosy-pink  a 
pleasing  red,  flaked,  as  in  the  original  species,  with 
white. 

Beyond  the  merits  claimed  for  these  early  flowering 
Gladioli,  they  are  useful  grown  in  pots  for  spring 
decoration  of  the  conservatory.  Potted  soon  alter 
the  New  Year,  and  placed  on  shelves  exposed  to  full 
light,  they  attain  to  sufficient  vigour  to  admit  of  a 
slight  amount  of  forcing  if  necessary,  though  they  will 
bloom  in  April  and  May  under  greenhouse  treatment. 
The  corms  are  small  compared  to  those  of  Ganda- 
vensis,  so  that  some  half  dozen  in  a  32  sized  pot  will 
have  ample  room  to  develope  their  growth.  The 
white-flowered  variety  of  G.  Colvilli,  commonly 
known  as  The  Bride,  is  extensively  grown  for  market 
purposes,  being  in  good  demand  by  bouquet  makers  ; 
indeed,  wherever  cut  flowers  are  used  the  chaste 
spikes  of  this  variety  are  duly  appreciated.  Species 
that  have  been  in  the  ground  constantly,  commence 
growing  each  spring,  in  accordance  with  the  warmth 
of  the  weather.  Purchasers  will,  however,  do  well  to 
plant  new  corms  between  the  end  of  October  and 
December.  A  sound  sandy  loam,  enriched  with  de- 
cayed manure,  forms  the  best  compost  for  them. 
William  Earley. 

Rate  of  Increase  of  Narcissus  Bulbocodiiim. 
Five  years  ago  I  planted  hall-a-dozen  bulbs  o(  this 
Nircissus  in  a  well-prepared  rather  dry  and  shady 
bed.  Last  week  they  were  lifted,  and  had  increased 
to  119,  being  an  average  increase  for  each  bulb  of 
four  per  annum.  The  Tenby  Dafi'odil  (N.  obval- 
laris),  in  the  same  bed,  but  in  a  moister  part,  has 
increased  at  the  same  rate.  A.  D.  W. 


will  have  formed  a  quantity  of  roots,  when  they  may 
be  severed  from  the  parent  plants,  and  potted.  In 
this  way  a  large  quantity  of  blooms  can  be  obtained 
from  plants  of  small  size.  Plants  in  pots  should 
receive  their  final  tying,  using  sufiicient  stakes  to  keep 
them  from  being  broken  by  the  wind,  and  as  soon  as 
the  flowers  are  set  thin  out  the  shoots,  as  it  is  a  mis- 
take to  crowd  the  lateral  flowering  shoots  even  for 
ordinary  decorative  purposes,  as  the  size  of  the  bloom 
is  much  reduced  by  so  doing.  Give  plenty  of  manure- 
water  to  these  plants,  as  they  will  take  it  in  stronger 
doses  than  most  others. 

Cinerarias,  Calceolarias,  Liliums,  &c. 
Cinerarias,  to  come  in  early,  should  now  be  pushed 


"ftAJ^Tg  AND  THEIR  -f  ULTURE. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
Layering  the  shoots  of  planted-out  specimens 
should  be  attended  to  at  once.  Place  some  open  rich 
soil  in  mounds  around  the  plants  at  some  distance 
away  from  the  stool,  as  in  Carnation  layering,  then 
strip  the  leaves  off  at  the  place  it  is  intended  to  layer 
the  shoots,  which  should  be  a  little  below  where  the 
flowering  laterals  branch  out ;  tongue  the  shoots— 
that  is,  split  them  up  longitudinally  for  about  2  inches, 
then,  bending  them  downwards,  bury  the  tongued 
part  for  about  8  inches  in  the  hill  of  soil,  making 
secure  with  stout  hooked  pegs.  Keep  the  soil  regu- 
larly watered,  and  in  a  few  weeks  the  layered  shoots 


on  by  being  shifted  into  larger  pots,  using  light  rich 
soil.  The  best  compost  for  them  is  made  with  good 
fibrous  loam,  leaf-mould,  and  dry  cow  manure,  using 
a  liberal  addition  of  sand.  Place  them  in  a  shady  pit 
on  a  cool  bottom,  and  syringe  them  once  or  twice  a 
day,  according  to  the  weather,  to  keep  them  free  fiom 
red-spider,  to  which  pest  the  plants  are  much  subject 
at  this  season  of  the  year.  Herbaceous  Calceolarias 
should  now  be  in  a  sufficiently  foiward  state  to  be 
pricked  out  into  pans  or  boxes,  or  to  be  potted  off 
singly  into  small  pots;  the  situation  and  treatment 
may  be  similar  to  those  employed  for  the  Cineraria, 
but  in  the  potting  material  less  manure  should  be  used 
at  starting.  Syringe  freely  overhead,  and  keep  close 
for  a  time.  Liliums  of  the  lancifolium  section,  and 
other  late-blooming  species,  which  will  now  be  in  full 
beauty,  should  be  liberally  treated  with  manure- 
water  at  every  watering.  The  earliest  blooming 
sorts,  viz.,  L.  auratum  and  longiflorum,  should  be 
placed  out-of-doors  as  the  plants  go  out  of  flower, 
and  be  careful  not  to  dry  them  off  100  quickly,  and, 
on  the  other  hand,  not  to  over-water  them,  as  there 
are  more  bulbs  killed  in  this  way  than  in  any  other. 
Other  late  bulbous  plants  in  bloom  should  be  liberally 
treated.  A.  Evans,  Lythc  Hill,  Hasletncrc. 


TpPJUITg     -yNDEF^     <^LA33. 


PINES. 

Fruiting  plants  should  be  given  a  day  temperature 
of  75",  running  it  up  10°  higher  with  sun-hiat,  and 
plenty  of  air.  Maintain  a  night  temperature  of  70°, 
and  damp  the  floors,  walls,  and  plunging  material 
morning  and  afternoon  at  closing  time,  to  promote  a 
genial  atmosphere. 

Examine  the  plants  every  week  or  ten  days  to 
ascertain  their  condition  at  the  roots,  and  when  dry 
give  sufiicient  tepid  liquid-manure  in  an  under  rather 
than  over  strong  state,  to  thoroughly  moisten  the  soil, 
afterwards  allowing  it  to  become  moderately  dry 
before  repeating  the  application— over-watering  being 
an  evil  to  be  avoided  in  most  cases,  but  parliculaily 
so  in  Pine  culture. 

SUCCESSIONAL   PLANTS. 

These  will  now,  or  ought  soon,  to  have  completed 
their  growth  ;  they  should  then  be  subjected  to  a 
lower  temperature,  and  a  drier  and  more  airy 
atmosphere,  so  as  to  prevent  the  plants  from  making 
further  growth,  and  to  consolidate  that  already  marfe, 
as  well  as  to  give  the  plants  a  period  of  inactivity 
before  subjecting  to  a  higher  temperrture  towards  the 
end  of  the  present  year,  with  a  view  to  inducing  the 
plants  to  send  up  their  fruit.  During  the  interval 
water  must  be  applied  both  at  the  roots  and  in  the 
house  or  houses  containing  the  plants  with  jnJgment 
and  care.  The  night  temperature  for  these  plan  s 
should  range  from  60°  to  65°  during  the  next  four  or 
five  weeks,  and  5°  to  10°  higher  by  day  should  be 
aimed  at.  Young  sucker  plants  should  be  kept  in  a 
growing  state  for  another  month  or  six  weeks.  A  1 
shading  should  now  be  dispensed  with,  and  be  put 
away  dry  and  out  of  the  way  for  use  another  year. 

Vines  and  Vineries. 
These  should  have  a  free  circulation  of  fresh  air 
allowed  them  day  and  night,  and  in  order  to  prevent 
birds  from  getting  at  the  Grapes  a  piece  of  garden  net- 
ting should  be  put  over  the  ventilators.  S:e  that  the 
Vines  in  every  stage  of  growth  have  liberal  supplies 
of  water  at  the  roots  when  necessary,  and  that  the 
floors  and  the  surface  of  internal  boiders  of  houses 
containing  Grapes  are  damped  over  slightly  two  or 
three  times  a  day  during  bright  sunshiny  weather, 
and  that  the  Vines  from  which  the  Iruii  has  been 
taken  are  thoroughly  syringed  overhead  every  a'ter- 
noon,  so  as  to  prevent  the  spread,  it  not  the  attacks, 
of  red-spider  on  the  foliage.  H.  W.  [j'ard,  Lonsfo'd 
Castle. 


304 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  4,  18S6. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroc  A  Morris' 
Monday,        Sept.   6  ■ 


Tuesday,      Sept.  7 


Wednesday,  Sept.   8 


Thursday,    Sept.   9 


Satubday,     Sept. 


Ewell,  by  Prothcr 


Plants,  at  Parkside, 
)e  &  Morris. 
Holland,  at  Stevens' 


Sale  or  Bulbs  lr( 

Rooms. 
Royal  Horticultural  Society:    Meetings  o( 

tnc    Fruit    and     i^'"— '    r^™™;.. _. 

&c.  (two  days). 
Sale  of  Greenhouse  Plants,  at  the  Queen's 

Road  Nursen'.  Buckhurst  Hill,  by  Pro- 

theroe  &  Morns. 
Sale  of  M.  August  van  Geert's  Orchids,  by 

M.  Jules  de  Cock,  Ghent  (two  days). 
Glasgow  and  West  of  Scotland  Show. 
Sale  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  at 

the   Nursery,   Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea, 

by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 
Sale  of  Bulbs  from   Holland,  at  Stevens' 

Rooms. 
■  National   Chrj'santhemum  Society's  Show 

of  early  Chrysanthemums,   Dahlias,  &c., 

at  the  Royal  Aquarium  (two  days). 
Sale  ol  Dutch  Bufbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

Sale  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse   Plants,  at 
the  E.xotic  Nursery,   Chigwcll,  by  Pro- 


t  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


SOME  of  the  most  interesting  and  im- 
portant investigations  of  late  years  have 
been  those  relating  to  the  various  Fungi  to  be 
found  in  the  Roots  of  Plants  of  all  kinds,  and 
not  the  least  curious  of  the  results  is,  that  some 
of  these  root  fungi  appear  to  be  constant  and 
possibly  harmless,  or  even  (as  it  is  said)  advan- 
tageous guests  in  or  on  the  tissues  of  their 
underground  shoots.  In  other  cases  it  is  true 
the  roots  would  obviously  thrive  better  without 
their  unbidden  intruders,  as,  for  instance,  those 
attacked  by  the  parasitic  fungus  (Plasmo- 
diophora  brassicEe),  which  causes  such  havoc  in 
"  clubbing  "  or  distorting  the  roots  of  Cabbages 
and  other  Cruciferae,  or  the  devastating  mycelium 
of  Agaricus  melleus  so  destructive  to  the  roots 
of  the  Coniferce  and  other  forest  trees. 

Nevertheless,  to  say  nothing  of  the  recent 
startling  announcements  ai  to  fungi  acting  in 
beneficial  concord  with  roots,  it  has  long  been 
known  that  certain  swellings  on  the  roots  of 
Alders,  and  of  various  Papilionacere  and  Orchids, 
are  constantly  met  with,  and  appear  to  do  no 
extensive  damage.  How  far  the  plants  named 
would  be  benefited  by  the  removal  of  the 
parasites  from  their  roots  has  never  been  clearly 
shown. 

An  important  contribution  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  Fungi  infesting  the  Roots  of  Orchids 
has  just  been  made  by  Wahrlich  of  Moscow.* 
Working  in  the  world-famed  laboratory  at  Stras- 
burg,  Wahrlich  has  examined  more  than 
500  species  of  Orchids,  native  and  exotic,  and 
finds  the  fungi  in  all  of  them.  These  root- 
fungi  have  been  known  in  Orchids  since 
SCHLEIDEN  first  examined  them,  and  many  of 
the  best  observers  {e.g.,  Schacht,  Reinke, 
EiDAM,  &c.)  have  confirmed  the  fact  of 
their  universal  occurrence,  and  more  or  less 
thoroughly  described  the  mycelia  and  spores. 
Wahrlich  has,  however,  cleared  up  several 
obscure  points,  and  has  now  given  a  fairly 
complete  account  of  the  life-history. 

Only  certain  parts  of  the  roots  of  the  Orchids 
are  infected  with  the  fungus,  and  these  places 
are  usually  yellowish  in  colour,  due  to  the 
spawn  or  to  the  degradation  of  chlorophyll 
corpuscles  (in  aerial  roots) ;  the  vascular  bundles 
are  not  attacked,  the  fungus  being  confined  to 
the  outer  cells  (velum)  and  the  parenchyma. 

Sections  through  the  infected  spot  show 
brown  dead  or  dying  threads  in  the  outer  cells, 
continuous  with  colourless  living  threads,  which 
branch  and  pierce  through  the  walls  from  cell 
to  cell.  A  curious  feature  exists  in  the  yellow 
clumps  found  in  certain  cells  of  the  root. 
These  are  relatively  large,  simple,  or  branched 
bodies,  long  thought  to  be  masses  of  mucilage, 
or,  at  least,  cell-contents  belonging  to  the  Or- 
chid itself;  they  are  strongly  refractive,  irre- 
gular in  shape,  and  are  connected  with 
the  threads  of  the   fungus.    Wahrlich   has 

*  Botanische  Zeit7mg,  July,  1880. 


not  only  satisfied  himself  that  these  clumps 
are  not  normal  cell-contents  of  the  root, 
but  that  they  have  a  structure  and  rela- 
tions which  show  them  to  be  of  the  nature 
of  large  suckers,  or  absorbing  organs.  They 
only  occur  in  the  parts  attacked  by  the  spawn, 
and  are  continuous  with  the  threads  ;  more 
than  this,  the  older  ones  are  composed  of  a 
tangle  or  coils  of  threads,  enclosing  a  sort  of 
sac  (the  haustorium  or  sucker).  This  sac  may 
branch  and  become  connected  with  others  ; 
threads  may  also  spring  from  it  and  pass  into 
other  cells.  The  above  fungus,  spreading  from 
cell  to  cell  by  means  of  its  spawn,  which  forms 
the  haustoria-like  sacs  with  their  tangles  of 
threads  around  them,  produce  spores.  Sections 
of  infected  root  were  placed  in  diluted  Grape 
juice,  and  the  spawn  allowed  to  grow  out 
from  the  tissues.  The  threads  often  grow  to- 
gether where  in  contact,  and  they  produce 
spores  or  conidia  at  their  tips  ;  these  conidia 
are  delicate,  colourless,  sausage-shaped  bodies, 
with  two  or  three  partitions  across  them,  and  re- 
semble the  conidia  of  a  Fusisporium.  After 
forming  one  of  them  the  tip  of  the  thread  goes 
on  growing,  and  forms  another,  which  falls  off, 
as  before,  and  is  succeeded  by  others,  and 
so  on. 

After  producing  large  numbers  of  these 
Fusisporium-like  conidia,  the  same  spawn  com- 
mences to  form  larger  spores  (megalospores) 
of  different  shape  and  colour.  These  also  are 
formed  at  the  tip  of  the  thread,  but  whereas  the 
delicate  hyaline,  sausage-shaped  Fusisporium- 
like  conidium  is  at  first  one-celled  and  becomes 
divided  into  chambers  later,  these  larger  brown 
megalospores  (which  have  strong  membranes 
and  contain  much  fat)  are  formed,  as  it  were, 
by  the  end  of  the  thread  becoming  successively 
segmented  into  two,  three,  or  more  compart- 
ments, which  then  swell  and  ripen.  The  mega- 
lospores appear  to  be  resting-spores. 

The  Fusisporium-like  conidia  germinate  very 
readily— even  in  a  few  hours.  If  placed  in  a 
nutritive  solution  they  form  a  copious  spawn, 
which  soon  forms  both  kinds  of  spores  as 
before,  and  the  branches  of  the  spawn  often 
conjugate.  These  processes  have  been  observed 
in  the  fungi  from  several  different  Orchids. 

Pieces  of  infected  root  were  carefully  washed 
and  kept  in  damp  chambers.  In  a  week  or  so 
the  spawn  came  out  to  the  surface,  and  deve- 
loped spores  as  above.  After  about  a  month 
the  spawn  produced  capsules  or  perithecia  of  a 
bright  red  colour,  shaped  like  an  egg  or  Pear. 
In  these  perithecia  were  developed  spores  of 
asci,  each  containing  a  number  of  two-celled 
ascospores.  Slight  differences  were  observed 
in  the  sizes  and  shapes  of  the  perithecia  and 
spores  obtained  from  the  roots  of  different 
species  of  Orchids,  but  these  are  not  important. 
The  ascospores  were  sown  separately,  and 
produced  spawn  on  which  the  same  Fusi- 
sporium-like conidia  and  megalospores  became 
developed  as  above  described. 

Infection  experiments  have  so  far  failed. 
Neither  the  Fusisporium-like  conidia  nor  the 
ascospores  have  yielded  satisfactory  results, 
their  spawn  in  no  case  penetrating  into  the 
young  roots  used.  The  megalospores  may 
possibly  yield  better  results  ;  the  author  says 
nothing  of  this,  however.  Obviously,  there  is 
here  a  task  for  investigators,  for  if  Wahrlich's 
view  is  correct  (that  the  megalospores  are 
resting-spores),  it  will  be  important  to  ascertain 
how  they  behave  on  germination. 

In  conclusion,  it  appears  probable  that  more 
than  one  form  of  fungus  is  parasitic  in  the  roots 
of  Orchids,  but  the  differences,  so  far,  only 
point  to  their  being  members  of  one  group, 
probably  species  of  one  genus. 

The  above  fungus  is  obviously  a  pyreno- 
mycete.  The  red  capsules  or  perithecia,  some- 
times grouped  in  threes  or  fours,  and  on  a 
reddish-brown  stroma  ;  the  asci,  each  contain- 


ing eight  spores,  which  are  elliptical,  two-celled, 
and  slightly  constricted  in  the  centre  ;  these, 
and  other  peculiarities,  suggest  their  being 
species  of  Nectria,  and  Wahrlich  therefore 
characterises  two  species — N.  Vanda:  and  N. 
Goroshankiniana.  What  relation,  if  any,  these 
fungi  have  to  Orchid  "  spots  "  of  various  kinds 
remains  to  be  determined. 


Olearia  macrodonta.*  —  According  to 

the  estimate  of  the  authors  of  the  Genera  Plant- 
arum  there  are  eighty-five  species  of  the  genus 
Olearia,  of  which  some  sixty-three  are  Austra- 
lian, and  the  rest  natives  of  New  Zealand  or  the 
adjacent  islands.  The  species  here  figured  (fig.  62) 
is,  as  pointed  out  in  the  synonymy  given  below,  a 
native  of  New  Zealand,  and  must  not  be  confounded 
with  the  Australian  O.  dentata,  a  widely  different 
plant,  with  much  handsomer  flower-heads.  In  all 
probability  the  last-named  plant  is  not  nearly  so 
hardy  as  the  one  here  figured,  which  has  been  com- 
paratively recently  introduced  to  this  country  by 
Messrs.  Veitch.  As  far  as  foliage  is  concerned,  it  is 
superior  to  the  Australian  plant  above  mentioned, 
and  the  following  copy  of  a  collector's  note  gives  a 
good  idea  o(  the  appearance  of  the  tree  at  home  : — 
"Grows  to  a  large-trunked  tree,  20  feet  high, 
30  inches  in  diameter  for  3  feet,  then  dividing  into 
three  or  four  branches  10  to  12  inches  in  diameter. 
It  forms  a  flat  round  head,  all  white  when  in  flower. 
The  wood  makes  rather  fairish  veneers  with  yellow 
streaks,"  The  foliage,  in  common  with  that  of  several 
other  species,  has  a  distinctly  musky  smell,  which  in 
O.  argophylla  is  much  more  decided  in  a  dry  state  than 
when  fresh.  Like  the  plant  just  named,  O.  macro- 
donta will  no  doubt  thrive  well  in  the  South-western 
Counties,  the  Channel  Islands,  &c.,  and  form  a 
beautiful  tree  in  the  open  without  any  protection 
during  winter.  O.  Haastii,  from  New  Zealand,  is 
peifectly  hardy  about  London,  and  is  one  of  the  very 
best  of  flowering  shrub.';.  Whether  O.  macrodonta 
will  prove  as  hardy  as  O.  liaastii  or  not  remains  to 
be  seen.  The  specimen  figured  came  to  us  from  Mr. 
W.  E.  GuMELETON,  who  describes  it  as  "per- 
fectly hardy,  a  most  profuse  blooming  and  exceed- 
ingly ornamental  shrub."  It  is  also  hardy  at  Combe 
Wood. 

"  The  Flora  of  British  India." — We  are 

glad  to  announce  the  publication  of  the  thirteenth 
part  of  this  very  useful  work.  The  present  part  is 
entirely  the  work  of  the  editor.  Sir  Joseph  Hooker, 
and  comprises  the  Chenopods,  Polygonads,  Aristolo- 
cbiads.  Nepenthes,  Pipers,  Laurels,  Loranths,  and 
other  orders.  The  Piperace^  must  have  caused  much 
labour,  and  we  may  add  worry.  Many  of  these  plants 
cannot  be  satisfactorily  studied  in  a  dried  state,  but 
need  to  be  investigated  in  every  stage  of  growth  by 
resident  botanists.  The  summary  here  given  will, 
however,  be  of  the  greatest  service  to  them,  and 
botanists  generally  will  congratulate  Sir  Joseph  on 
the  steady  progress  of  this  important  work.  The 
Euphorbiacere  which  come  next  would  present  terrors 
to  many  less  experienced  botanists,  but  will  not 
affright  Sir  Joseph  Hooker. 

BeRBERIS  ASIATICA  AS  A   HEDGE    PLANT.— 

Those  who  wish  for  a  quick  growing,  easily  managed, 
and  impenetrable  hedge,  should  see  the  one  at  Combe 
Wood,  formed  of  this  plant.  We  do  not  know  what 
the  stock  may  be,  but  no  doubt  it  is  easily  propagated, 
and  if  so,  is  well  worth  the  attention  of  hedge  planters. 

Kew. — The  Nymphsea-house  is  full  of  beauty 

at  this  season,  many  plants  in  the  tank  being  in 
bloom,  viz.,  Nymphcea  odorata,  and  the  lovely  rose- 
coloured  variety,  N.  Lotus,  with  white  flowers ; 
N.  L,  Oitgiesiana,  rose-coloured  ;  N.  gigantea  :  the 
delicate  blue  flowers  of  which  are  larger  than  in  other 
species,  the  petals  longer  in  proportion  to  the 
stamens  than  in  most  species,  and,  what  we  have 
not  observed  in  any  other  species,  they  are  slightly 
recurved  ;  N.  stellata,  with  blue  flowers  ;  N.  Lotus 
pubescens,  with!  rosy-pink  flowers  ;  Nympboea  zan- 
zibarensis,  a  form  of  stellata,  is  remarkable  for  its 
rich  blueish-purple  flowers,  Limnocharis  Hum- 
boldtii    was   showing    many    of  its    yellow    flowers 

*  Baker,  in  the  Gardeturs'  Chronicle,  n.s.,  xxi.,  604  ;  O, 
dentata.  Hook,  fil.,  Haitdhook  of  New  Zcalattd  Flora  (not  of 
MtEnch). 


September  4    i8S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONIC!. E. 


305 


in  this  lank.  In  a  corner  bed  Sagittaria  monte- 
vidensis  has  thrown  up  strong  flower-stalks,  4  to 
5  feet  high,  terminated  with  spikes  of  white 
flowers,  threepetalled,  spotted  with  brown  at 
the  base  of  each  petal.  The  singular  Cucurbit, 
Trichosanthes  anguina,  loaded  with  fruits,  many  of 
which  have  acquired  the  brilliant  scarlet  colour 
of  the  ripe  stage,  cover  large  portions  of  the  roof. 
Another  plant  seldom  seen  doing  well  in  private 
collections    is    Fleroma   macrantha,    which    is   here 


beds  of  Hollyhocks,  Sunflowers,  Delphiniums, 
Japan  Anemones,  and  other  striking  plants,  each 
in  a  bed  to  itself.  In  the  formal  style  of  garden- 
ing which  prevails,  not  inappropriately  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Monumental  Palm-house,  these  beds 
have  an  excellent  effect,  and  enable  the  visitor 
to  note  the  general  character  of  the  plants  to 
advantage, 

Japanese  Maples.— A  slope  of  the  Combe 


slight  precaution,  and  that  when  ripe  the  Plums  are 
very  juicy,  with  a  pleasant  brisk  flavour  which  should 
render  it  acceptable,  especially  for  cooking  purposes. 
It  is  rarely  that  we  get  such  a  combination  of  good 
qualities  in  a  single  tree. 

Why  is  it  So  ? — Here  is  a  curious  fact  for 

those  interested  in  the  peculiarities  of  plants.  Here 
are  two  yellow-flowered  annual  German  Stocks  ;  one 
is  called  sulphur-yellow,  the  other  canary-yellow.     In 


/''rK;X%*:'Vr 


Fig.  62.— olearia  (eurybia)  macrodonta  :   hardy  shrub  ;   FLOWERS  WHITE,     (see  p.  304.) 


planted  out  in  a  bed  in  the  vestibule  to  the 
Nymphaea-house,  the  lovely  dark  purplish-blue 
flowers,  which  were  fairly  numerous,  measured  3 
inches  in  diameter,  and  the  foliage  was  correspond- 
ingly^robust.  Sesbania  aculeata  is  remarkable  for  the 
white  corky  development  of  the  loots,  which  mu.t 
enable  them  to  float  the  more  readily  on  the  surface. 
Whether  or  no,  the  larger  roots  float  on  the  surface, 
and  give  off  very  regularly  at  right  angles  a  dense 
mass  of  smaller  fibrils.  We  have  already  had  occa- 
sion to  notice  the  flower-beds,  but  we  may  add  to 
the  record  a  note  of  those  surrounding  the  Palm- 
bouse,  where,   backed  up  by   the   Yew   hedge,  are 


Wood  Nurseries  alTords  now  a  beautiful  spectacle  in 
the  shape  of  a  plantation  of  these  shrubs,  as  remark- 
able for  the  elegance  as  for  the  brilliant  colouring  of 
their  foliage.  Acer  japonicum  var.  sanguineum  is 
particularly  brilliant  just  now.  Has  any  one  tried 
grafting  these  as  standards  ?  They  would  form  a 
splendid  contrast  to  the  A.  Negundo  variegatum. 

Prunus  Pissardi. — We  have  received  from 

Mr.  Foster,-  of  the  Stanmore  Nurseries,  further 
specimens  of  the  fruit  of  this  tree,  to  show  the  pro- 
fusion with  which  it  is  produced,  and  its  handsome 
appearance.     We  may  add  that  it  travels  well  with 


general  characteristics  these  two  greatly  resemble  each 
other,  and  there  is  not  much  difference  in  the  colour 
of  the  flowers  ;  one  is  a  shade— only  a  shade — darker 
than  the  other  ;  but  the  single  flowers  of  the  first  are 
uniformly  of  the  same  colour  as  the  double  flowers, 
but  in  the  case  of  the  latter  they  are  always  pure 
white,  and  these  white  flowers  do  not  produce  white- 
flowered  double  Stocks,  but  canary-coloured  ones, 
except  such  as  are  single,  and  these  are  white. 

Smith's   Epicurean    Pea.— This   variety, 

according  to  the  account  sent  to  us  by  the  raiser,  has 
the  property  of  bearing  twice  in  the  season,  more  or 


3o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


[September  4,  i8S6. 


less  according  to  the  weather.  The  first  crop,  in  the 
case  of  the  sample  sent  to  us,  was  plucked  about  the 
middle  of  the  month  of  July  ;  the  second  crop  comes, 
if  the  weather  be  favourable,  in  the  form  of  a  bunch 
or  cluster  of  pods  close  to  the  ground.  We  must 
suppose  by  favourable  weather  is  meant  co.iiiderable 
moisture  with  much  heat  ;  for  unless  these  conditions 
are  present  the  second  crop  may  be  looked  for  in 
vain.  The  raiser  states  that  at  the  bast  the  second 
crop  produces  only  short  pods,  but  these  fill  well  if 
the  weather  be  sunny.  The  seeds  are  wrinkled,  large, 
and  of  a  fairly  sweet  taste  ;  and  the  haulm  reaches 
the  height  of  3  feet. 

Jap.\nese    Berberis.  — ■  At   Combe   Wood 

may  be  seen  just  now  specimens  of  Berberij  received 
from  Japan,  and  quite  like  our  European  B.  vulgaris, 
but  with  rather  larger  berries,  a  little  broader  at  the 
free  end.  The  distinctions  are  not  sufficient  to  con- 
stitute a  species,  and  it  is  interesting  to  see  how  very 
widely  the  common  Berberis  is  spread  over  the  world. 
How  or  why  is  this  ?  A  nice  question  for  geologists, 
geographers,  physiologists,  and  botanists. 

Royal   Northern    Horticultural   So- 

ciETy  OF  Aberdeen. — The  autumn  exhibition  of 
this  Society  will  be  held  in  the  Music  Hall  Buildings, 
Aberdeen,  on  Friday  and  Saturday,  September  10 
and  II.  There  are  165  classes,  with  three  awards  in 
each,  making  500  prizes  for  competition.  These 
classes  are  divided  into  four  divisions — professional 
gardeners,  nurserymen,  amateurs,  and  working-classes. 
The  exhibits  will  comprise  four  varieties,  namely,  pot 
plants,  cut  flowers,  fruit,  and  vegetables.  The  open- 
ing ceremony  will  take  place  on  Friday  at  noon,  when 
Lord  Provost  Matthews  will  preside.  Entries 
close  on  September  6.  Notwithstanding  the  back- 
ward state  of  the  season  it  is  fully  expected  there  will 
be  a  large  number  of  exhibits. 

Bananas  hardy  in  Surrey!— If  any  one 

should  doubt  the  fact  let  him  betake  himself  to 
Combe  Wood,  and  there  he  wiU'find  a  Japanese  form, 
introduced  by  Maries,  which  has  stood  out  two  or 
three  winters. 

Carpknteria  californica  is  now  in  bloom 

against  a  wall  at  Kew.  Though  so  like  a  Philadel- 
phus  in  flower,  the  leaves  are  more  like  those  of 
Forsythia, 

The  Guernsey  and  Jersey  Fruit   and 

Produce  Company,  Limited. —The  above  company 
has  recently  brought  out  its  prospectus  together  with 
the  6rst  issue  of  its  shares.  The  company,  which  was 
established  in  February  last,  has  now  about  50,000 
square  feet  of  glass,  and  further  buildings  are  rapidly 
being  proceeded  with.  As  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
company's  capital  is  being  invested  in  valuable  free- 
hold land  in  Guernsey,  the  property  will  increase  in 
value  with  the  growth  of  the  Vines  and  lapse  of  time. 
It  is  worthy  of  mention,  that  two  other  local  com- 
panies have  paid  their  shareholders  annual  dividends 
of  from  12  to  20  per  cent.,  and  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  from  one  house  alone  the  returns  for  a  week 
amounted  to  over  a  quarter  of  a  ton  of  Tomatos,  the 
good  quality  of  which  at  the  present  time  we  can 
guarantee  from  observation, 

The  Market  Gardeners',  Nursery- 
men's, and  Farmers'  Association  held  their 
annual  dinner  at  the  Holborn  Restaurant  on  Thurs- 
day, August  26,  Mr.  W.  Poupart,  President  of  the 
Association,  presiding.  Mr.  W.  Poupart  proposed 
the  toast  of  the  evening,  viz.,  "The  Market  Gar- 
deners', Nurserymen's,  and  Farmers'  Association," 
an  Association  formed  in  the  year  1S2S  by  a  few  of 
the  growers  attending  the  London  markets,  with  the 
object  of  promoting  the  interests  of  its  members. 
The  President  drew  attention  to  the  numerous  bene- 
fits the  trade  had  from  time  to  time  derived  from 
the  Association,  and  to  the  necessity  there  is  in  the 
present  slate  of  depression  and  competition  that  the 
Association  should  be  well  supported,  in  order  to  be 
ready  at  all  times  to  protect  the  trade. 

Cyclamen  repandum.— A  little  patch  of 

these  is  now  in  bloom  amid  the  turf  on  the  mound 
near  No.  I  Museum  at  Kew,  where  experiments  have 
been  made  for  the  last  few  years  for  the  purpose  of 
establing  various  plants  in  the  turf.  We  cannot  say 
that  so  far  the  experiment  has  been  successful,  as  a 
patchy  appearance  results.     This  probably  arises  from 


the  right  plants  not  having  yet  been  found.  No 
doubt  the  idea  is  a  good  one,  but  its  successful  realisa- 
tion has  yet  to  be  arrived  at. 

Sale   nr    Carse   of   Gowrie    Orchard 

Fruit. — The  annual  sale  of  the  fruit  in  the  famed 
Carse  of  Gowrie  orchards  took  place  in  the  hotel  at 
Errol  on  August  21.  There  was  a  large  attendance, 
but  owing  to  the  fruit  crop  being  almost  a  failure, 
and  the  plentiful  supply  of  foreign  produce,  the 
bidding  was  spiritless.  The  following  are  the  rents 
for  seasons  1885  and  18S6  :— Seggiden,  1S85,  ^250  — 
188S,  ^So;  Pott  Allen,  18S5,  ^4^—1886,  l\z  ; 
Seaside,  18S5.  ^81  — 1SS6,  not  sold  ;  Bodmiln,  1885, 
;Cl6-l886.  ^-7;  Powgavie,  1SS5,  .^5-1886,  ^5; 
Home,  1SS5,  i"io  — 1SS6. /s  ;  Inchyra  Manor,  1885, 
.425—1886,  /.7  ;  Gjurdiehill,  18S6,  £\.a^;  Meg- 
ginch,  18S5,  /,'40  — 1SS6,  ^12  10/.  ;  Bjmersund, 
1825,  ;i20  — 1SS6,  ^4  loj.  ;  Carse  Grange,  1S85, 
Cl  loj.  — 1886,  C2;  Muirhouses,  18S5,  /:8-l886, 
£1  lot.;  Newlarm,  1SS5,  ^6-iSS6,  £\.  It  is  sad 
to  see  a  fine  orchard,  such  as  Gourdiehill,  containing 
over  40  acres  of  fruit  trees  in  bearing  condition,  let 
for  such  a  small  sura.  It  has  been  known  to  reilise 
41400  in  one  season  before  foreign  competition 
became  so  keen,  and  often  ran  as  high  as  ^Soo  to 
£  1000 ;  but,  alas  !  times  are  changed.  Dundee 
Advertiser. 

A  Wild  White  Poppy  !— A  correspondent 

obligingly  sends  us  a  specimen  of  a  white  form  of 
Papaver  Rhceis  growing  wiih  the  scarlet  ones  amid 
the  corn  in  Yorkshire.  The  n:)wer5  are  very  pretty 
— white  with  a  purple  eye. 

BUDDLEIA     GLOBOSA     IN     FrUIT.— At    that 

repertory  for  all  that  is  interesting  in  the  way  of  hardy 
shrubs.  Combe  Wood,  we  lately  found  a  specimen  of 
this  old-fashioned  shrub  bearing  closely  set  capsules 
in  globular  heads,  resembling  an  old  mace.  We  do 
not  remember  to  have  seen  it  before.  We  are  glad 
to  see  that  this  singular  shrub  is  not  lost  to  the 
country  after  the  severe  winters  at  the  beginning  of 
this  decade. 

A  Monstrous  Cucumber. — A  curious  ex- 
ample of  abnormal  growth  in  a  Cucumber  was 
brought  to  us  by  Mr.  SiM.  Jacobs,  of  Covent  Garden. 
The  fruit  had  three  coils,  and  measured  4  feet  10  inches 
from  stalk  to  tip.  It  was  otherwise,  apparently,  of 
good  quality,  and  was  slightly  thickened  at  the  apex. 
Probably  the  coiling  was  due  to  some  impediment 
to  its  onward  growth,  but  that  would  not  account  for 
the  enormous  length  of  the  fruit. 

Funeral  of  the  L.ite  Mr.  Robert  Lord. 

— This  took  place  on  August  21,  in  the  Unitarian 
Burial  Ground,  Todmorden,  in  the  presence  of  a  large 
gathering  of  people.  The  procession  left  Holebottom 
shortly  before  3  o'clock,  headed  by  the  Rev.  A.  B. 
Camm,  minister,  and  the  warden  and  organist  of  the 
Unitarian  Church,  where  the  deceased  had  been  choir- 
master for  a  term  of  thirty-three  years.  The  members 
of  the  church  committee  followed,  then  the  members 
of  the  choir,  and  alongside  the  hearse  a  deputation 
from  the  Todmorden  Musical  Society.  Following  the 
family  and  relatives  of  the  deceased  came  a  number 
of  florists,  gardener^,  &c.  Wreaths  were  sent  by  the 
Unitarian  Church  choir,  the  musical  society,  and  by 
several  friends,  whilst  members  of  the  family  supplied 
two  of  exceptional  beauty — one  of  Carnation  and 
another  of  Picotees,  for  the  raising  and  culture  of 
which  the  deceased  had  attained  very  wide  celebrity. 
Memorial  services  were  held  on  the  following  Sunday, 
and  the  wreaths  which  had  been  laid  on  the  coffin  at 
the  funeral,  were  placed  on  the  communion-table  of 
the  Unitarian  Church. 

Eucalyptus    coccifera.  —  This    tree,    of 

which  we  gave  an  illustration  from  the  fine  specimen 
at  Powderham  Castle  some  time  since,  is  hardy  at 
Combe  Wood.  The  thin  bark  is  as  white  as  the 
most  silvery  of  Birches. 

Publications    Received.— Fnceedin^s  of 

the  Si.xth  Meeting  of  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
AgricuUtiral  Science,  held  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 
—  A'efort  of  the  Forest  Department,  Madras, 
1884-85. — Mushrooms  jor  the  Million  {',t>ith  Stipple- 
ment),  by  |.  Wright,  F.R.H.S.  171,  Fleet 
Street,  E.G. 

Gardening  Appointment.— Mr.  Arthur 

Horsell,  for  the  last  four  years  Head  Gardener  at 
Wonersh  Park,  Guildford,  has  been  appointed  Gar- 
dener to  Lord  Bateman,  Shobdon  Court,  Hereford- 
shire. 


jHoMJE     -P0F{F{E3P0NDENCE. 


What  to  do  with  our  Gardeners.— The  sug- 
gestion that  we  should  utilise  our  surplus  gardeners 
as  teachers  to  the  young  of  gardening  is  an  admirable 
one  so  far  as  it  goes,  but  something  more  than  a  mere 
plot  of  land  would  be  needed  to  enable  any  one 
teacher  to  find  ample  opportunity  for  the  display  of 
his  abilities  and  filling  up  of  his  time  profitably.  The 
difiiculty  lies,  not  in  the  supply  of  teachers  of  garden- 
ing, which  are  plentiful  enough,  but  rather  in 
obtaining  the  land  and  finding  the  means.  We  have 
no  authority  in  the  kingdom  possessing  power  to 
provide  land,  implements,  or  teachers  for  gardening 
instruction,  and,  I  fear,  if  the  teachers  wait  until  the 
former  are  provided,  not  a  few  will  starve.  The 
surplusage  of  labour  seen  in  gardening  is  duplicated 
in  every  direction,  and  the  problem  cannot  be  solved 
by  deporting  a  number  of  the  extra  or  non-employed 
to  other  lands.  Probably  there  has  always  been  a 
surplus  of  gardeners  ever  since  gardening  became  a 
profession  or  occuoalion.  The  non-employed  may 
now  make  their  wants  known  cheaply,  through  the 
instrumentality  of  the  papers,  and  for  that  reason, 
perhaps,  it  is  thought  that  we  have  far  too  many.  We 
have  no  reliable  statistics  of  the  number  of  persons 
employed  in  this  country  in  gardening,  but  were 
such  given  very  probably  it  would  be  found 
that  the  proportion  of  unemployed  gardeners 
was  remarkably  small  as  compared  with  the 
state  of  things  found  in  other  vocations.  The 
proposal  to  find  work  for  surplus  gardeners  in 
teaching  the  young  the  elements  of  gardening  is 
far  wiser  than  is  the  counter-proposition  made  in  some 
other  quarters,  that  we  should  limit  the  supply.  As 
long  as  the  population  increases,  some  form  of  labour 
or  industrial  training  must  be  found  for  the  new- 
comers, and  if  limitations  take  place  in  one  direction, 
an  overwhelming  surplusage  of  labourers  will  be 
created  in  another.  Thus  it  is  evident  that  the  only 
real  cure  for  an  admitted  evil  is  to  be  found  in  pro- 
viding fields  of  labour  in  some  form  or  another.  We 
heard  at  Liverpool  of  plants  being  grown  on  ship- 
board, but  ships'  gardeners  would  be  esteemed  as 
great  curiosities  as  ships'  gamekeepers,  and  yet  we 
conceive  of  a  time — for  all  things  tend  towards  luxuri- 
ousness,  if  not  to  sybaritism,  on  board  our  great 
passenger  steamers — when  plant  decoration  shall  form 
part  of  the  ordinary  routine  of  the  service,  and  ships' 
gardeners  become  realities.  No  doubt  were  such 
novel  forms  of  luxury  to  break  out  there  would 
be  found  plenty  of  candidates  for  the  posts,  willing  to 
brave  the  terrors  of  the  sea  to  secure  so  quaint  and  yet 
not  unpleasant  a  livelihood.  To  return  to  matters  more 
terrestrial,  there  is  a  capital  opening  for  gardeners  in 
the  direction  of  garden  officers  to  communities,  not, 
of  course,  on  a  socialistic  basis,  but  upon  the  practical 
one  that  each  rural  community  or  parish  should  have 
power  given  it  to  acquire  land,  to  be  let  out  as  allot- 
ments to  the  working  classes,  with  the  professional 
gardener  as  teacher  to  the  allotment  holders.  With 
a  couple  of  acres  set  apart  for  the  children,  this  area 
of  land  could  be  worked  to  some  extent  profitably  by 
the  children  whom  the  allotment  garden  head  should 
also  teach,  and  the  produce  disposed  of  to  the  best 
advantage  in  the  community.  Such  a  plan  may  be 
adopted  without  difficulty.  A.  D. 

Chrysanthemum  uliginosum.— In  your  remarks 
at  p.  274  anent  the  above,  you  refer  to  the  confusion 
existing  in  gardens  respecting  the  true  plant.  That  I 
am  confused  I  am  willing  to  admit,  and  as  at  present 
I  see  no  way  to  clear  up  the  mystery,  I  ask  your 
assistance  in  the  matter.  A  fortnight  since  I  sent 
you  for  naming  what  I  then  regarded  as  either  a 
distinct  species,  or  at  least  a  well  marked  form  of 
Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum.  This  you  decided 
to  be  C.  uliginosum,  and  at  the  time  this  gave  me 
every  satisfaction  as  to  its  accuracy  ;  but  judge  of  my 
disappointment  at  seeing  quite  a  different  plant 
figured  in  your  last  issue  under  the  above  name.  The 
specimen  which  I  sent  you,  and  to  which  I  refer,  is 
distinct  from  the  one  figured  at  p.  265  as  C. 
uliginosum  in  these  particulars — I,  there  is  only 
one  row  of  ray  florets ;  2,  the  ray  florets  are 
distinctly  linear  ;  3,  the  florets  are  reflexed,  as  in 
C.  maximum,  at  maturity  ;  4,  it  flowers  fully  three 
weeks  earlier  than  C.  maximum,  while  you  speak  of 
it  as  flowering  later.  I  regret  having  no  material  to 
send  you  now,  as  the  plants  have  done  flowering  fully 
a  fortnight  since,  and  are  now  cut  down.  If  the  fol- 
lowing description  will  be  of  help,  however,  I  shall 
be  glad  : — Maximum  height,  3  feet  6  inches,  and 
Deeds  slight  support ;  flower-stems  forked  ;  flowers 
about  3  inches  across,  rays  linear  and  reflexed  ; 
leaves  very  deeply  and  sharply  toothed,  6  or  7  inches 
long,  lanceolate  acuminate,  and  deep  green  in  colour  ; 
radical  growths  numerous,  as  in  our  native  Chry- 
santhemum leucanthemum  ;  was  at  its  best  about 
(he  middle  of  July.  Is  it  possible  that  the  above 
plant  is  confounded  with  Pyrethrum  uliginosum,  which 
grows  6  feet  high  or  more,  and  produces  its  flowers  in 


September  4,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


307 


clusters  during  September  and  October?  Insoraehardy 
plant  lists  Chrysanthemum  serotinum  is  given  as  a 
synonym  for  the  last  named  plant,  while  in  other  lists 
the  generic  names  are  reversed,  and  are  to  be  read  as 
Chrysanthemum  uliginosum,  syn.  Pyrethrum  sero'.i- 
num.  In  Loudon's  Hartus  Britaimicus  Pyrethrum 
serotinum  is  cited  as  a  perennial  growing  a  foot 
high,  and  a  native  of  North  America,  while  P. 
uliginosum  is  an  evergreen  (?)  herbaceous  perennial, 
I^  loot  high,  as  coming  from  Hungary  in  1S16,  and 
figured  in  the  Bot.  Mag.,  2706.  It  is  evident  there 
is  confusion  somewhere,  as  the  plant  now  grown  and 
universally  recognised  in  gardens  as  P.  uliginosum 
does  not  agree  with  the  particulars  here  given,  and 
which  forms  one  of  the  stateliest  of  autumn  flowering 
perennials.  E.  Jenkins.  [Fig.  51,  in  the  hst 
number,  represents  Chrysanthemum  uliginosum,  or 
Pyrethrum,  Pyrethrum  being  now  reduced  to  a 
section  of  Chrysanthemum.  It  is  the  same  as  P. 
serotinum.  Fig.  55  is  C.  maximum,  the  leaf  to  the 
left  in  outline  we  omitted  to  say  was  that  of  P.  lati- 
folium  syn.  lacustre,  inserted  for  comparison ;  C. 
maximum  and  C.  uliginosum  have  much  thicker  and 
more  succulent  leaves  than  C.  uliginosum.  Ed.] 

Run-out  Potatos. — The  characteristic  shown  by 
the  seedlings  from  Solanum  Maglia,  as  mentioned  at 
p.  240,  of  sending  out  tubers  on  long  stolons,  and 
of  throwing  up  lateral  growth  in  the  form  of  suckers, 
is  also  common  to  first-year  seedling  Potatos,  as  all 
who  have  embarked  in  Potato  raising  can  attest. 
All  such  kinds  have  by  me  been  invariably  rejected 
as  having  olijectionable  features  which  may  be  more 
or  less  perpetuated.  Some  seedlings  from  Americ:.n 
Purple  X  Pr.zetaker  give  rank-growing  tops  with  these 
running-out  characteristics  strongly  developed  ; 
indeed  there  is  occasionally  seen  in  seedling  Potatos 
from  certain  crosses  such  a  tendency  to  haik  back 
to  a  semi-wild  form,  that  in  such  cases  perhaps  as 
many  of  the  plants  are  worthless  as  are  fairly 
promising.  Assuming  that  anything  in  the  direction 
of  procurmg  hybrids  which  would  withstand  or  be 
impervious  to  the  Potato  disease  may  result  from  the 
fresh  start  just  made  with  old  progenitors,  very  much 
additional  interest  is  given  to  the  effort  by  reason  of 
the  somewhat  fierce  visitation  of  Peronospc  ra  which 
during  the  past  week  has  enveloped  our  Potato  tops. 
This  visitation  is  a  month  later  than  in  most  pre- 
vious years,  but  it  threatens  to  be  very  virulent  in  its 
effects,  as  the  tops  are  spotted  so  extensively  as  to 
render  the  total  disappearance  of  the  foliage  in  a  week 
or  two  a  matter  of  exceeding  probability.  As  far  as 
the  tubers  are  concerned,  little  complaint  has  been 
made,  the  soil  generally  being  so  very  dry.  Moist 
foggy  nights  serve  to  propagate  the  spread  of  the 
fungus  rapidly.  Probably  it  will  be  well  that  Mr. 
Jensen's  advice,  not  to  dig  up  crops  whilst  the  foliage 
is  full  of  spores,  and  the  air  charged  with  them, 
should  be  remembered  and  acted  upon  [and  somehow 
as  perfectly  as  possible,  to  destroy  the  haulm].  A.  D, 

Tuberous  Begonias. — Their  utility  for  the  pur- 
pose of  bedding-out  is  well  illustrated  by  some  charm- 
ing clumps  planted  out  in  the  neat  little  rockery  at 
Chiswick.  Nestling  amongst  the  "stoves,"  a  very 
pretty  and  graceful  effect  is  produced  ;  giving,  too,  a 
glare  of  colour  that  is  most  acceptable,  the  absence 
of  which  at  times  is  very  noticeable  in  such  situa- 
tions. B. 

Fire-blight.— In  the  Gardeners'  Chronide  for  July 
31,  among  the  answers  to  correspondents,  I  find  that 
Mr.  AUred  Edwards  has  called  attention  to  Pear  shoots 
which  are  said  to  have  been  killed  by  the  sun  shining 
upon  them  while  wet.  If  it  is  convenient  to  forward 
me  some  small  samples  of  such  specimens  which  I 
can  use  for  microscopic  examination,  I  shall  be 
greatly  obliged  for  them.  This  would  be  the  way  in 
which  a  slight  attack  of  fire-blight  would  be  most 
likely  to  be  observed  and  accouted  for  ;  and  my  object 
in  asking  for  specimens  is  to  determine,  if  possible,  if 
this  may  not  be  a  case  of  real  fire-blight.  It  has 
occurred  to  me  that  while  there  is  no  record  of  this 
disease  in  Europe,  it  still  may  occur  to  some  slight 
extent  without  being  recognised.  I  imagine  that  the 
interior  of  Russia  gives  a  climate  that  more  favours  its 
development  than  any  other  portion  of  Europe,  but  I 
have  no  means  of  learning  about  the  diseases  of  fruit 
trees  in  that  region.  J.  C.  Arthur,  Ne-w  York  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station,  [We  insert  this  letter, 
as  we  have  no  present  means  of  communicating  with 
our  correspondent,   Ed.] 

Protective  Resemblance  amongst  Anti- 
quities. —  I  have  several  times  shown  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  how  an  accidental  resemblance 
of  a  useless  relic  to  a  useful  object  has  been  the  means 
of  its  careful  preservation.  The  same  idea  is  very 
familiar  amongst  animals  and  plants,  but  less  com- 
monly noticed  (although  equally  potential)  amongst 
old  stones.  During  last  week's  meeting  of  the 
Cambrian  Archoeological  Association  in  Glamorgan- 
shire a  so  called  "stone  pillory  "  was  visited  close  to 
Llanrhidian  Church.  It  is  difficult  to  conceive  of  a 
"stone  pillory,"  but  the  mystery  vanished  when  the 


object  was  seen.  The  "pillory"  was  no  other  than 
a  very  ancient  wheel  cross  (familiarly  known  as  an 
Irish  cross — more  common  in  Irish  churchyards  than 
in  English),  with  the  upper  part  broken  olT.  A  wheel 
cross  is  like  a  common  gravestone  with  a  broad- 
limbed  cross  at  the  top,  the  arms  connected  by  a 
stone  circle,  like  a  cart  wheel  with  four  broad  flat 
spokes,  the  spaces  between  ihe  spokes  being  circular 
or  rudely  triangular  holes.  The  two  upper  holes  had 
vanished  with  the  top  of  the  Llanrhidian  cross,  the 
two  lower  had  been  utilised  as  holes  through  which 
drunkards'  hands  could  be  thrust  previous  to  their 
being  tied  in  position  with  rope.  The  whole  relic 
would  long  ago  have  been  destroyed  had  it  not,  when 
broken,  borne  an  accidental  resemblance  to  a  "  stone 
pillory  "  with  two  hand-holes.  The  piscina  is  some- 
times preserved  as  a  lard  and  butter  cooler,  font-bowls 
are  often  preserved  as  troughs  for  pigs,  allav-slabs  for 
door  steps,  early  Christian  memorial  stones  for  gate 
posts,  and  for  "  rubbing  stones,"  i.e.,  stones  against 
which  pigs  and  oxen  may  in  the  field  rub  their  itching 
skins.    IK  G.  S. 

Abies  Lowiana  (Parsonsiana). — After  reading 
your  papers  I  incline  to  the  belief  that  there  is  one 
polymorphous  species,  viz.,  A.  grandis,  typical,  a 
coast  plant ;  A.  grandis  var.  Lowiana,  California  ;  A. 
grandis  var.  concolor,  Rocky  Mountains  and  Utah  ; 
or  for  garden  purposes,  A.  grandis,  coast ;  A.  Low- 
iana, California  ;  A.  Lowiana  var.  concolor,  Colorado. 
The  point  being  that  the  Californian  plant  (Lowiana) 
should  go  with  the  Rocky  Mountain  form  (concolor) 
rather  than  with  the  coast  form.  A.  grandis  var. 
Lowiana,  was  first  proposed  by  Hoopes  in  his  Booh 
of  Evergreens,  p.  212.  As  for  the  nobilis  magnifica 
question  I  await  more  light  before  being  able  to  con- 
sider the  two  as  belonging  to  one  species.  C,  S. 
Sargent,  Arnold  Arboretum. 

High  Temperature. — We  are  having  very  warm 
weather  here  lor  the  end  of  August.  Un  the  30th 
the  maximum  temperature  in  a  Stevenson  screen  was 
84°,  and  that  has  only  been  reached  twice  before  this 
season,  viz.,  July  3  and  4.  The  minimum  on  grass 
on  August  30  was  43'  and  in  the  screen  45',  givmg  a 
rise  of  39°  in  one  day.  Tuesday,  August  31,  the 
readings  have  been  as  follows  : — Minimum  on  grass, 
51';  minimum  in  screen,  55":  maximum  in  screen, 
83'.    W.  H.  Divers,  Kdlon  Hall,  Stamford. 

Double  White  Lily. — Vout  inference  is  correct, 
regarding  it  being  the  single  form  turned  double. 
As  the  double  variety  has  never  been  grown  here  to 
my  knowledge,  my  own  opinion  is  that  the  late  spring 
frosts  have  affected  the  young  growths  of  the  Liiiums 
and  perhaps  a  want  of  ripeness  or  maturity  in  the 
bulbs  through  the  bad  seasons  we  have  had  lately. 
But  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  if  any  of  your  correspon- 
dents have  had  a  like  experience,  and  to  what  they 
may  attribute  the  cause,  as  my  surmises  may  not  be 
correct ;  suffice  it  to  say  that  our  garden  lies  very 
low,  somewhat  to  the  back  of  the  sun.  James  Shaw. 

New  Names  and  Old  Things.— If  Mr.  Serpen's 
suggestion  is  to  be  carried  out  practically  the  Council 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  must  obtain  legal 
powers  to  prosecute  in  every  case  in  which  it  is  found 
that,  having  decided  which  is  the  correct  name  of 
any  plant,  fruit,  or  vegetable,  that  name  is  set  aside 
and  another  one  adopted.  There  is  not  the  least 
probability  that  such  power  would  be  granted,  or  even 
if  it  were,  that  it  would  or  could  be  enforced  ?  The 
public  have  good  cause  for  complaint  if  in  purchasing 
some  old  thing  under  a  new  name  they  find  them- 
selves deceived.  They  can  publicly  expose  the  deceit 
or  refrain  longer  from  patronising  the  offenders. 
There  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  much  of  this  re- 
naming of  things  is  done  in  ignorance,  but  where 
done  openly  and  wilfully  it  merits  the  strongest 
censure.  The  proposal  to  disqualify  all  exhibits 
incorrectly  named  is  a  very  drastic  one,  and  assumes 
infallibility  on  the  part  of  the  judges.  In  some  cases 
corrections  are  made,  but  under  whatsoever  appella- 
tion things  may  be  shown  at  least  names  give  no 
factitious  value  to  them.  A  good  thing  will  remain 
good  whether  called  the  Beauty  or  designated  as  the 
Beast,  whilst  withholding  prizes  for  what  judges  held 
to  be  inexact  nomenclature  would  lead  to  endless 
disturbances.  Still  further  it  would  be  most  unfair 
were  the  innocent  and  ignorant  exhibitor  made  to 
suffer  for  the  evil  doings  of  the  seedsman  or  florist 
from  whom  he  purchased  his  stocks.  The  evil  is  not 
a  terrible  one,  though  it  is  an  exceedingly  annoying 
one  very  often.  Probably  it  will  right  itself  in  time, 
but  it  may  not  be  inappropriate  to  make  a  biblical 
quotation,  and  invite  "he  that  is  without  sin  amongst 
you  to  cast  the  first  stone."  A.  D. 

Two  Pretty  Flower  Beds. — It  is  a  trite  com- 
plaint that  some  of  the  prettiest  annuals  are  not  half 
made  enough  of.  The  ordinary  flower  bed  of  Pelar- 
goniums, Calceolarias,  and  Lobelias  seems  to  have  got 
such  a  hold  on  the  popular  fancy  that  to  assail  its 
position  appears  as  hopeless  as  it  did  ten  years  ago. 


No  one  wishes  to  see  such  beds  disappear,  but  every 
one  who  really  has  an  entente  cordiale  with  Nature 
must  wish  for  some  variety — for  something  less  lormal 
and  which  is  at  the  same  time  bright  with  colour. 
Two  such  quietly  pleading  beds  I  thing  I  can  suggest. 
The  first  consists  of  the  Swan  River  Daisy  (Brachy- 
come  iberidifolia)  and  Heliotrope.  The  second  of 
Agathasa  amelloides  and  Verbena  Melindres.  The 
first-mentioned  is  now  a  great  feature  in  the  Tresco 
Abbey  gardens.  The  Brachycome  aftords  bright 
colour,  and  is  a  flower  whose  loveliness  never  palls, 
while  the  Heliotrope  charges  the  vicinage  with  its 
fragrance,  and  whose  foliage  sets  off  the  purple, 
mauve,  and  white  blossoms  of  its  neighbour.  The 
Brachycome  again,  if  lifted  from  the  border,  and  then 
potted  and  put  in  the  greenhouse,  will  continue  to 
produce  its  loose  terminal  corymbs  of  Cineiatia-like 
blossoms  till  November,    Vagabond. 

"  Agaricus  personatus  Dangerous." — Under 
the  above  heading,  in  the  Gardeners'  Chionible  for 
December  4,  1875,  P-  7-°i  '  called  attention  to  the 
occasionally  dangerous  character  of  the  above  common 
well  known  and  so-called  edible  Agaric.  The  species 
is  largely  eaten  by  some  rustics,  and  it  is  sometimes 
sold  in  the  markets  under  the  name  of  "  Blewitts  "  or 
"blue  hats."  On  December  11,  1S75,  the  Rev.  M. 
J.  Berkeley  corroborated  my  remarks,  and  recorded 
an  instance  of  fatal  consequences  resulting  from  the 
consumption  of  this  species.  In  the  Daily  Neias  for 
August  25  last  a  report  is  given  of  the  case  of  a  man 
and  his  daughter  who  were  both  killed  by  eating 
fungi  locally  known  as  "  blue  buttons,"  and  no  doubt 
Agaricus  personatus.  I  have  other  records  of  the 
same  nature.   ]\'.  G.  S. 

Pea  Telephone. — While  confirming  all  Mr. 
Keetly  (p.  1S2)  says  respecting  the  heavy  cropping 
qualities  and  excellent  flavour  of  Prodigy  Pea,  I  do 
not  think  many  will  verify  his  remarks  as  to  its  being 
as  early  as  William  I.  Indeed,  I  do  not  know  of  a 
large  podded  Pea  of  the  Prodigy  type,  more  particu- 
arly  a  wrinkled  .Marrow,  that  will  keep  pace  with 
William  in  the  spring  months,  and  which  in  the  1SS5 
Chiswick  report  of  the  new  Peas,  Prodigy  is  de- 
scribed as  "  a  very  good  mid-season  Marrow."  I 
would  caution  all  who  wish  to  economise  their  valu- 
able seed  of  this  variety  not  to  be  too  lavish  in  sowing 
it  as  a  companion  to  William  I.,  or  any  other  early 
round  seeded  variety,  as  wrinkled  Peas  are  very  apt 
to  decay  in  the  soil  when  sown  very  early.  As  to 
this  kind  eclipsing  Telephone,  I  do  not  apprehend 
that  this  will  happen,  as  Telephone  has  now  become 
established  as  a  leading  main  crop  variety,  being  free 
and  robust  in  growth,  wonderfully  prolific,  excellent 
in  flavour,  and  not  in  any  way  meriting  the  bad 
character  given  it  by  Mr.  Rust,  at  p.  215.  I  have 
grown  it  every  year  since  its  first  introduction,  as  well 
as  seeing  it  in  many  gardens  throughout  the  country, 
and  I  have  never  noticed  it  exhibit  the  slightest  disposi- 
tion to  produce  shrivelled  blossoms  or  abortive  pods, 
and  its  behaviour  with  the  rust  is  so  very  exceptional 
that  I  feel  sure  the  cause  must  rest  with  the  method 
of  culture,  as  it  is  certainly  not  constitutional.  Indeed, 
I  have  had  a  little  experience  of  the  same  kind  this 
season.  Last  April,  Mr.  Laxlon  sent  me  two  of  his 
new  Peas  to  try  ;  the  drill  which  was  opened  for  them 
was  a  lengthy  one,  and  there  was  not  enough  of  seed 
of  the  two  to  sow  it  from  end  to  end,  and  the  defi- 
ciency was  made  up  by  sowing  a  handful  or  two  of 
Telegraph  at  one  end.  The  new  ones  were  a  success, 
but  for  some  cause  the  piece  of  Telegraph  was  almost 
a  failure,  the  pods  being  few  and  small,  and  vastly 
inferior  to  what  they  were  in  other  parts  of  the  gar- 
den. This,  however,  did  not  lead  me  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  it  was  a  bad  Pea  and  much  inferior  to  some 
of  the  old  sorts.  On  the  contrary,  I  have  had  almost 
uninterrupted  proof  that  as  a  round  main  crop  Pea 
it  is  possessed  of  the  highest  merits.  Jas.  Muir, 
Margam  Park,  South  IVales. 

I   see   in  your   journal  [of  August  21   some 

remarks  from  your  correspondent,  "  W.  H.  D.," 
upon  Pea  Telephone.  In  those  remarks  your  corre- 
spondent says  the  large-podded  varieties  have  not 
done  so  well  with  him  as  have  the  smaller-podded 
varieties.  With  my  experience  I  am  unable  to  see 
why  the  large-podded  varieties  should  sufter  from 
mildew,  and  the  small-podded  varieties  not  suffer  in 
the  same  way.  Perhaps  your  able  correspondent, 
"  W.  H.  D.,"  will  kindly  give  me  and  other  readers 
of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  his  opinion  as  to  the 
cause  of  the  large  varieties,  such  as  Telephone,  be- 
coming mildewed,  and  the  small-podded  ones  not 
being  so  affected.  With  me  this  year,  up  to  the  pre- 
sent date  (August  24)  I  have  not  detected  the  least 
sign  of  mildew  in  my  garden,  and  I  have  Peas 
in  all  their  different  stages.  I  would  just  say 
that  I  have  grown  this  year  about  twenty  varieties, 
and  I  must  say  from  this  and  past  experience  that  I 
cannot  give  preference  to  small-podded  varieties,  when 
we  have  such  Peas  as  Telephone,  Stratagem,  Pride  of 
the  Market,  Telegraph,  Duke  of  Albany,  Evolution, 
Walton  Hero,  Mr.  Laxton's  No.  6,  the  name  of 
which  I  have  forgotten,  but  it  is  about  the  same  in 


3o8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  4.   t8 


quality,  colour,  and  shape,  as  Duke  of  Albany,  and  a 
very  large  cropper.  The  Peas  I  have  named  are  all 
good  croppers,  good  for  exhibition  and  for  culinary 
purposes,  and,  with  about  two  exceptions,  very  sweet- 
tasted  Peas.  If  I  were  asked  to  name  four  of  the 
largest  and  best-podded  Peas,  taking  all  points  into 
consideration,  I  should  name  Telephone,  Duke  of 
Albany,  Stratagem,  and  Mr.  Laxton's  No.  6,  and  were 
I  asked  to  name  one  of  the  above  four,  I  should  cer- 
tainly say  Telephone.  Henry  Marriott,  Prospect 
House,  Skirbeck, 

Figs  from  Seed.— Having  read»the  articles  in  the 
back  numbers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  mentioned 
last  week  in  the  editor's  note  under  this  head,  I  tried 
in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year — 1SS3— to  raise  Fig 
trees  from  English  seed.  Accordingly  twenty  ripe 
Figs — the  While  Marseilles — grown  under  glass,  were 
picked  and  placed  on  a  slate  to  dry  in  one  of  the  hot- 
houses. When  the  pulpy  part  of  the  fruit  had 
become  moderately  dry,  some  fine  dry  sand  was 
mixed  with  the  remains,  and  the  whole  was  put  in  a 
saucer  and  kept  in  a  dry  place  until  early  in  the 
following  year,  when  the  mixture  of  seed  and  sand 
was  sown  in  a  couple  of  seed  pans,  which  were 
placed  in  gentle  heat,  watered,  and  attended  to.  In 
a  short  time  after  sowing,  five  or  six  seedling  Figs 
made  their  appearance  in  one  of  the  pans  (none  came 
up  in  the  second  pan)  ;  these,  with  the  exception  of 
one  plant,  were  very  weak  specimens,  which,  after 
lingering  for  a  time,  died  oft,  leaving  only  one  plant. 
This  continued  to  thrive,  and  could  easily  have  been 
grown  on,  had  it  not  been  discarded.  Considering 
the  number  of  seeds  sown  in  this  experiment,  the  per- 
centage of  seedlings  was  very  poor.  However,  with 
all  due  respect  to  the  remarks  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  I  quite  satisfied  myself  that  Fig  trees 
could  be  raised  from  English  grown  seed.  Stray 
seedling  Fig  trees  are  by  no  means  very  uncommon 
in  gardens,  and  would,  I  rather  think,  be  more  com- 
mon were  it  not  for  the  hoe.  I  have  occasionally 
seen  one  in  near  proximity  to  old  trees,  which 
may  or  may  not  have  sprung  from  English  seed. 
Referring  to  my  note  respecting  the  appearance  of 
seedling  Figs  (examples  of  which  I  forwarded  you) 
after  an  application  of  dry  earth-closet  manure  to  the 
surface  of  an  inside  Vine  border,  I  may  be  allowed 
to  mention  here  that  seedling  Figs  came  up  as  freely 
as  Mustard  seedlings,  not  only  the  first  season  after 
the  application  of  the  dry  earth-manure,  but  also  in 
the  second  year.  Moreover,  last  autumn  the  surface 
soil  of  this  Vine  border  was  taken  off,  and  some  of  it 
was  used  in  the  compost  for  early  Carrots  grown  in  a 
pit  here ;  during  the  season  several  seedling  Figs 
have  grown  amongst  the  Carrots,  also  in  pots,  in 
which  a  mixture  of  the  Vine  border  soil  was  used. 
I  am  not  at  all  prepared  to  say  that  these  seedling 
Figs  were  from  English  seeds,  but  owing  to  the  very 
limited  quantity  of  foreign  or  dried  shop  Figs  that  I 
know  to  have  been  consumed  in  my  house  during  the 
accumulation  of  the  manure,  they  would  hardly 
account  for  the  very  great  number  of  seedlings  that 
have  appeared  first  and  last.  If  these  seedlings  were 
all  from  the  foreign  source,  then  vitality  in  every  seed 
in  every  Fig  must  have  been  perfect.    /('. 

— —  I  have  now  testimony  that  the  seedling  Figs 
mentioned  in  a  previous  letter  were  actually  derived 
from  home-grown  fruit.  One  of  the  members  of  my 
family,  without  any  suggestion  on  my  part,  distinctly 
remembers  repeatedly  having  gathered  Figs  from  the 
large  tree  in  my  garden,  to  have  eaten  the  fruit,  and 
to  have  cast  the  skins  away  at  the  spot  where  the 
seedlings  were  afterwards  found.  No  imported  Figs 
were  ever  to  our  knowledge  treated  in  like  manner. 
I  can  have  no  doubt  that  the  seedlings  originated  as 
is  here  stated.  H.  E. 

Cypripedium  Vagaries.  —  In  our  last  issue  we 
gave  a  figure  of  a  remarkable  peloria  of  Selenipedium 
caudatum,  and  this  week  we  publish  three  other  figures 
which  are  of  much  botanical  interest  as  explanatory 
of  the  curious  structure  of  Orchid  flowers.  Most 
Orchids  have  but  one  stamen,  called,  for  convenience 
sake,  A  I.  Cypripediums  generally  have  one  stamen 
imperfect  and  barren  (a  I),  and  two  lateral  fertile 
(a  I,  a  2).  Theoretically  and,  actually  by  exception, 
there  may  be  three  outer  stamens  (a  i,  a  2,  a  3),  and 
three  inner  (a  i,  a  2,  ,z  3).  The  presence  of  all  six 
is  very  unusual,  but  many  flowers,  like  some  now 
figured,  show  some  of  the  ordinarily  missing  stamens. 
In  a  flower  ol  C.  barbatum  which  we  have  lately  had  an 
opportunity  of  examining  (fig  63),  there  were  two 
lateral  sepals  s  s,  bent  downwards,  a  single  petal,  i', 
placed  above  and  in  the  centre,  in  the  position 
usually  occupied  by  the  dorsal  sepal,  opposite  to 
this  was  the  lip,  l.  The  column  bore  one  stamen 
only,  a  I,  the  one  present  in  most  Orchids,  but 
usually  absent  in  Cypripedium,  while  the  two,  a  I, 
a.  2,  commonly  present  in  this  genus  were  absent. 
In  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum  —  for  the  flower 
of  which  (fig.  64),  representing  the  details,  we  are 
obliged  to  Mr.  Henry  Stevens  —  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  sepals  are  placed  laterally,  and  that  of 
the  two  petals  one  is  placed  above  in  the  position 


usually  occupied  by  the  upper  sepal,  while  the  other  is 
represented  by  the  lip,  so  that  the  perianth  is  in  two 
rows,  placed  crosswise.  The  column,  in  this  case,  bore 
three  stamens,  A  i,  opposite  the  lip,  being  the  stamen 


that  is  present  in  most  Orchids,  but  generally  wanting 
in  Cypripedium ;  and  two  lateral  stamens  at  a  i,  a  2,  re- 
presented by  barren  shield-like  staminodes.  In  the 
figure  64,  A  represents  the  entire  flower  seen  from  the 
front ;  B  shows  the  column  from  the  front  with  the 


two  lateral  staminodes  a  \,  a  2,  and  indications  of 
the  lip,  L  L  ;  c  is  the  column  from  the  back,  D 
is  the  column  from  the  side,  showing  the  perfect 
stamen  A  i,  the  stigma  in  front  of  it,  and  at 
the  side  the  scar  whence  a  2  has  been  removed, 
Fig.  65  shows  a  diagrammatic  view  of  a  flower  of  the 
same  species  received  from  Mr.  James,  of  Norwood, 
In  this  case  the  flower  was  of  the  normal  charncter, 
except  as  to  the  column,  which  bore  the  usual  stami- 
node,  representing  A  i  of  the  outer  row  of  stamens, 
a  I,  a  2,  were  fertile  and  in  their  usual  position,  while 
a  3,  which  is  generally  absent,  was  in  this  case 
represented  by  a  second  lip,  enclosed  within  the  ordi- 
nary lip,  L,  so  that  the  flower  had  two  lips,  one 
enclosed  within  the  other,  the  secondary  lip  being 
really  the  metamorphosed  stamen,  a  3. 

Epipactis  latifolia. — Long  ago  I  had  found  out 
that  the  Bird's-nest  Orchid,  Neottia  nidus-avis,  and 
probably  also  Ophrys  apifera,  increase  beneath  ground 
to  flower  above,  but  never  till  to-day  was  I  made 
aware  of  the  fact,  although  for  years  I  have  enter- 
tained the  idea,  that  Epipactis  latifolia  behaves  in  a 
similar  manner.  On  examining  a  particular  part  of  a 
woodland  where  last  summer  beds  of  this  Orchid 
grew  I  was  quite  taken  aback  to  find  that  this  season 
there  is  not  even  a  solitary  specimen.  Puzzled  to 
account  for  this  total  disappearance,  and  knowing 
the  exact  spot  where  a  cluster  of  unusually  large 
specimens  grew  last  year,  I  determined  to  search 
these  out  and  find  whether  the  plants  had  died  out 
after  flowering  or  were  cumulative  beneath  ground. 
With  but  little  trouble  I  found  the  very  withered 
stems  that  last  season  I  had  seen  in  the  full  vigour 
of  life,  and  on  carefully  removing  the  soil  at  their  base 
found  that  the  roots  were  not  dead,  but  fresh  and 
healthy,  and  with  eyes  or  buds  attached  to  each. 
Not  content  with  these  instances  I  hunted  out  other 
plants,  which  was  easily  enough  done  from  their 
withered  stems,  and  in  all  cases  found  the  new  eye  or 
bud  perfectly  formed,  but  too  small  in  size  to  be 
able  to  produce  spikes  of  equal  size  to  the  parent 
plants,  and  which  I  knew  from  the  numerous  roots 
ot  all  sized  specimens  that  I  have  on  various  occa- 
sions examined.  Now,  as  it  is  rarely  that  one 
sees  flowerless  plants  of  this  Orchid,  it  must  be,  judg- 
ing from  the  above  remarks,  that  the  bud  increases 
beneath  ground  until  of  a  flowering  size,  when  it 
springs  up,  flowers,  and  is  not  again  seen  until  a 
flowering  bud  is  developed.  How  long  this  takes  I 
cannot  say,  but  the  time  will  now,  by  patient  wait- 
ing, be  easily  enough  found  out.  If  any  one  already 
knows,  please  say.  A.  D.  Webster. 

Arundinaria  khasiana.— Some  eight  or  nine  years 
ago  all  the  specimens  of  Arundinaria  falcata  or  Tham- 
nocalamus  Falconeri  simultaneously  flowered  from 
every  joint  or  node  of  the  stems  instead  of  producing 
leaves  as  they  had  hitherto  done,  they  then  produced 
a  quantity  of  seed  much  resembling  Oats,  then  all  died. 
This  summer  the  Arudinaria  khasiana  are  all  simi- 
larly covered  with  blossom  instead  of  foliage,  although 
they  have  lor  some  weeks  been  so,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  pollen  flying  off  them  when  touched,  I  can 
as  yet  see  or  feel  no  signs  of  seed  setting  in  the 
bunches.    W.  E.  Gumblclon. 


Eichornia  azurea.— The  illustration  and  account 
of  this  plant  as  grown  in  the  Oxford  Botanic  Garden, 
and  published  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  on 
January  2  last,  having  been  seen  by  Mr.  F.  O. 
Vincent,  of  the  conservatory.  Golden  Gate  Park,  San 
Francisco,  California,  he  made  application  to  me  for 
seeds  of  it,  expressing  his  desire  to  cultivate  the 
plant  in  the  conservatory  under  his  care.  We  had  no 
seed  of  it  at  the  time  the  application  was  received,  but 
early  in  May  some  flowers  were  fertilised  with  their 
own  pollen,  and  as  soon  as  ripe  seeds  were  produced 
they  were  sent  to  him  (June  30),  and  he,  acknow- 
ledging their  receipt,  says  :  — "  I  planted  them  at 
once.  .  .  .  They  germinated  freely  within  five  days, 
and  they  are  doing  very  well. "  The  water  in  his  tank 
stands  at  75°  to  78°,  and  the  pot  in  which  the  seeds 
were  sown  was  plunged  I  inch  under  the  surface. 
IV.  H.  Baxter. 

Hollyhocks.— If  evidence  were  wanting  as  to  the 
possibility  of  growing  good  Hollyhocks  without 
injury  from  the  fungus  pest,  it  is  afforded  at  the  Messrs. 
Sutton  &  Sons'  Reading  Nursery,  where  seedling 
plants  are  not  only  clean  and  healthy,  but  blooming 
finely  ;  they  suffer  from  but  one  drawback.  At  this 
time  of  the  year  the  flower  shows  held  within  20 
miles  or  so  of  Reading  are  so  numerous  that  they  seem 
to  fall  in  somewhere  every  day,  and  sometimes  two 
on  the  same  day.  At  very  many  of  these  shows  it  is 
the  practice  of  the  great  seed  firm  to  send  big  collec- 
tions of  flowers  of  many  kinds,  and  because  of  this 
the  Hollyhock  spikes  have  their  blooms  greatly 
thinned.  Still,  enough  are  left  to  show  colour  and 
quality,  and  as  representing  seed  stocks  both  are  excel- 
lent—colour in  respect  of  the  fact  that  like  seems  to 
reproduce  like  with   considerable   faithfulness ;   and 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


309 


quality  is  shown  in  the  fact,  that  many  of  the  flowers 
are  as  good  as  were  those  of  old  named  varieties.  It 
is  very  satisfactory  to  know  that  we  have  such  good 
seed  strains,  and  need  not  he  in  any  concern  lest 
this  fine  old  garden  flower  should  pass  out  of  existence. 
At  Reading,  it  would  be  easy  to  note  over  a  dozen 
diverse  colours,  from  white  to  heavy  maroon  in  selfs, 
and  others  which  have  either  flushed  or  tinted  petals, 
or  have  deep  hued  bases.  Planted  in  rows  3  feet 
apart,  ample  space  is  given  to  inspect  the  merits  of 
each  one,  but  in  ordinary  culture  or  in  masses  less 
space  will  suffice.  One  important  thing  in  relation 
to  Hollyhocks  from  seed  is  to  treat  them  as  biennials, 
sowing  seed  in  May  to  ensure  thoroughly  robust 
plants  to  put  out  in  the  autumn,  and  bloom  the 
following  year,  always  planting  yearly  in  fresh  ground, 
thus  appreciably  baffling  the  fungus,  A  second 
sowing  made  in  July  will  give  plants  to  bloom 
towards  the  autumn  in  succession,  but  for  seed-saving 
purposes  the  early  sowing  should  be  relied  upon. 
These  late  bloomers  if  cut  much  alter  the  flowers  are 
past,  will  give  fine  plants  to  bloom  the  succeeding 
year,  often  sending  up  three  or  four  strong  stems, 
covered  with  bloom.  If  the  foliage  has  remained 
clean  the  first  year,  transplanting  is  not  essential,  but 
the  cultivator  must  be  guided  by  that  consideration. 
Top-dressings  of  manure  and  plenty  of  water  are 
valuable  aids  to  the  production  of  fine  spikes  and 
blooms.  The  former  may  well  have  the  points  taken 
out  when  a  fair  height  has  been  reached,  and  the 
latter  will  often  be  the  better  if  thinned  on  the  spike, 
as  undue  crowding  often  ensues.  As  seed  stocks  give 
defined  colours,  and  packets  of  such  colours  may  be 
obtained,  a  grand  effect  is  produced  when  a  dozen 
plants  of  any  one  colour  are  grouped  together.  A.  D, 


we  have  ever  seen  them  shown  in  London,  from  Mrs. 
Robio,  secured  the  1st  prize  in  that  class. 

Begonias  are  much  better  seen  about  London. 
Coleuses  were  well  shown.  Orchids  were  but  poorly 
represented,  as  were  also  the  classes  for  newly  intro- 
duced plants. 

Cut    flowers    were   fairly  well    displayed,    Roses, 


ROYAL  JERSEY    HORTICULTURAL  : 
August  18. 

The  second  summer  show  of  this  spirited  Society, 
which  has  flourished  for  over  half  a  century,  having 
been  established  in  1S33,  proved  a  success.  This 
Society,  jointly  with  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society 
of  Jersey,  is  the  happy  possessor  of  excellent  grounds, 
most  conveniently  situate  near  the  town,  and  here  com- 
modious buildings  were  erected,  extremely  well  suited 
for  the  agricultural  commodities.  In  these  it  was 
determined  to  try  the  experiment  of  holding  the 
flower  show.  Favoured  by  fine  weather  the  experi- 
ment was  successful,  although  no  one  could  help 
feeling  how  much  better  the  flowers  would  have  looked 
under  canvas.  Nothing  shows  up  the  beauty  of 
flowers  so  much  as  canvas,  especially  if  placed  on 
smooth  green  grass.  One  of  the  prominent  features 
of  the  show  was  the  groups  of  plants  arranged  for 
effect.  These  were  in  the  opinion  of  the  judges,  one 
and  all,  too  crowded  and  mixed,  one  half  the  number 
of  plants,  placed  so  as  to  show  more  effectively  the 
individuality  or  character  of  each,  with  a  sufficiency 
of  low  Ferns,  &c.,  to  hide  the  pots  would  have 
produced  a  much  better  effect. 

The  1st  prize  in  class  i,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Morris, 
was  inferior  as  a  collection  to  those  shown  by  Mr. 
C.  God  fray,  but  wag  somewhat  better  arranged. 

In  the  other  classes  for  groups  of  smaller  dimen- 
sions the  same  objections  apply. 

Baskets  of  plants  were  well  shown,  the  1st  prize 
being  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  Morris  for  a  very  graceful 
arrangement. 

Ferns  were  especially  well  shown,  the  1st  prize 
for  eight  distinct  being  awarded  to  Mrs.  Robin. 
In  this  collection  were  some  extra  fine  specimens  of 
Todea  superba  and  pellucida. 

In  the  class  for  four  varieties  Mrs.  Robin  was  again 
placed  1st,  as  also  for  a  single  specimen,  a  plant  of 
Trichoraanes  radicans,  grown  in  cone  fashion,  in  the 
most  luxuriant  health  and  vigour  ;  we  never  remember 
having  seen  a  more  handsome  specimen.  This  was  in 
addition  awarded  the  Silver  Medal  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  as  the  most  meritorious  exhitjit. 

A  pretty  class,  and  quite  unique  in  our  experience, 
was  that  for  a  basket  of  Ferns,  the  1st  prize  being 
awarded  to  Mr.  C.  Godfray,  the  basket  beautifully 
arranged,  and  containing  some  nice  examples  of 
Todeas,  Hymenophyllums,  &c. 

Palms  were  well  shown,  the  1st  prize  being  awarded 
to  Miss  Ainge,  for  well-grown  small  plants. 

Fine-foliaged  plants  claimed  special  notice,  the  1st 
prize  lots  in  bo  h  classes  coming  Irom  Mr.  C.  Godfray, 
who  exhibited  some  specially  good  Cycadaceous 
plants  ;  one  exhibitor  in  this  class,  who  had  taken  the 
lioeriy  to  oil  the  leaves  of  a  Dracaena  [!],  was  in  conse- 
quence disqualified. 

Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  were  fairly  well  shown. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums,  especially  the  double  varieties, 
were  specially  well  grown,  the  1st  prize  lots  of  twelve 
and  six  respectively,  from  Mr.  Bond,  being  remark- 
ably well  flowered  and  well  grown. 

A  remarkably  fine  lot  of  Liliums  in  pots,  finer  than 


however,  being  rather  poor  and  out  of  season  ;  Gla- 
diolus, Phloxes,  Asters,  and  Zinnias  being  very  good. 

A  very  extensive  lot  of  Sunflowers  was  exhibited 
in  competition  for  the  prizes  offered. 

Bouquets  were  well  shown  and  well  arranged,  the 
1st  prize  being  awarded  to  Miss  Ainge.  Bouquets  of 
wild  flowers  were  particularly  pretty,  prominent  in 
their  construction  being  the  common  Heath  and  Ling, 
which  grow  to  extraordinary  luxuriance  in  Jersey. 

Fruit. 
The  fruit  classes  were  somewhat   disappointing — 


Fig.    66. 

Plan  of  arrangement  of  parts  in  fig.  65. 


the  collections  of  eight  and  four  varieties  being  very 
poor. 

Grapes  were  not  particularly  well  shown,  in  spite 
of  the  enormous  quantities  grown  in  the  island.  The 
prize  for  Black  Hamburghs  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Pond 
for  smaller  bunches,  with  large  berries,  &c.,  in  pre- 
ference to  the  larger  bunches  with  the  smaller  berries. 
The  Muscat  Grapes  were  not  generally  ripe. 

The  Peaches  were  inferior.  Apricots  large  and 
superior,  Cherries  very  fine,  and  red  Currants  ex- 
ceedingly large  and  fine,  especially  a  variety  named 
Belle  de  Luxembourg,  from  Mr.  G.  De  Faye.     Plums 


were  a  good  class.  Fruits  jaunes  being  apparently  a 
favourite  variety. 

The  Apples  and  Pears  call  for  no  special  remarks 
the  season  being  yet  too  early  to  judge  of  them. 
Great  credit  is  due  to  the  Hon.  Secretary,  Colonel 
Howell,  for  the  excellent  arrangements  made  in  the 
management  of  the  exhibition,  and  our  thanks  to 
our  representative  are  due  to  him  for  his  courtesy  and 
urbanity  to  our  representative. 


SHROPSHIRE    HORTICULTURAL: 
August  18  and  19. 

This  Society  has  during  the  last  eight  or  ten  years 
gained  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most  flourish- 
ing and  best  managed  in  the  provinces.  The  Quarry, 
where  the  show  was  held,  is  ten  or  fifteen  minutes' 
walk  from  the  station,  but  the  committee  of  the  above 
Society  and  its  indefatigable  Hon.  Sees.  (Messrs. 
Adnitt  and  Naunton),  finding  that  something  besides 
an  exhibition  of  plants,  fruits,  flowers,  and  vegetables 
was  necessary  to  insure  a  successful  meeting,  pro- 
vided an  attractive  programme,  including  amuse- 
ments, which  were  found  in  a  part  of  the  grounds 
specially  set  apart  for  this  purpose,  the  large  marquees 
containing  the  horticultural  productions  being  pitched 
in  another  part,  but  having  no  barrier  other  than  a 
row  of  shady  trees.  Hence  it  was  that  about  60,000 
people  paid  for  admission  to  the  Muarry  grounds. 
Plants  were  shown  well  by  Mr.  James  Cypher,  of 
Cheltenham  ;  Mr.  C.  Roberts,  Highfield  Hall  ;  and 
Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons,  Frankwell  Nurseries, 
Shrewsbury,  ;  and  fruit  was  well  represented  by  con- 
tributions from  Gunnersbury,  Longleat,  Ingestrie, 
Elvaston  Castle  ;  and  from  G.  Barker,  gr.  to  Mr. 
Alderman  Baynes,  Birkenhead, 

Plants. 

For  twenty  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  not  less 
than  ten  in  flower,  the  handsome  prizes  of  ,^25,  ^20, 
and  ^15,  respectively  were  oftered,  and  brought  out 
a  good  competition — the  1st  prize,  as  is  usual,  going 
to  Mr.  James  Cypher,  for  a  collection  of  well  grown, 
but  smaller  plants  than  those  which  he  has  recently 
shown,  all  being  well  coloured,  and  capitally  bloomed. 
Mr.  C.  Roberts,  gr.  to  A.  Nicholson,  Esq.,  Highfield 
Hall,  was  2d,  who  staged  a  very  good  even  lot  of 
plants.  Mr.  Cypher  securing  the  3d  award,  exhibitors 
being  permitted  to  take  more  than  one  prize  in  each 
class. 

Mr.  C.  Rolfe,  gr.  to  H.  Lovatt,  Esq.,  Low  Hill, 
Wolverhampton,  was  1st  for  nine  stove  and  green- 
house plants,  showing  a  good  lot ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Pritchard  &  Sons;  and  Mr.  Juson,  Abbey  Forgate,  3d. 

Mr.  C.  Roberts  was  1st  for  six  stove  and  green- 
house plants,  in  or  out  of  flower,  as  he  also  was  for 
a  like  number  of  similar  plants  (Orchids  excluded), 
showing  well  in  both  classes. 

Groups  arranged  for  effect  made  a  telling  display  in 
the  plant  tent,  and  we  noticed  that  there  was  a  depar- 
ture from  the  usual  arrangement  of  such  in  the  undu- 
lated, sloping  bank,  consisting  of  Maidenhair  Ferns, 
Palms,  Crotons,  Dracaenas,  &c.,  with  spikes  of  Odon- 
toglossum  Alexandrfe  showing  above  the  general  level. 
The  1st  prize  was  deservedly  awarded  to  Messrs. 
Pritchard  &  Sons,  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons,  being  2d, 
with  a  tastefully  arranged  group. 

Ferns  were  shown  well,  the  plants,  though  small, 
being  fresh  and  well  grown.  For  six  varieties,  Mr. 
Lambert,  gr.  to  Colonel  Wingfield,  Onslow,  was  1st ; 
Mr.  Cypher  2d,  and  Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons,  3d 
all  three  showing  well. 

Several  collections  of  four  Fuchsias  were  shown, 
the  1st  and  2d  prizes  going  to  Messrs.  Pritchard  & 
Sons  for  well-grown  plants,  about  5  feet  through  at  the 
base,  and  6  feet  high  ;  the  same  firm  taking  1st  and  2d 
for  six  double-flowered  Pelargoniums,  distinct,  with 
well-grown  and  profusely-flowered  plants  ;  and  1st 
for  six  Caladiums,  in  variety,  with  large  well-coloured 
plants  ;  and  1st  and  2d  for  a  like  number  of  zonal  Pelar- 
goniums. 

Fuchsias,  Achimenes,  Petunias,  Balsams,  Glox- 
inias, &c.,  were  all  well  represented  in  the  amateur 
classes. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  were  well  represented.  Messrs.  Heath  & 
Son,  Cheltenham,  had  the  best  stand  of  thirty-six 
Dahlias ;  Mr.  Hans  Niemand,  liarborne  Road, 
Edgbaston,  Birmingham,  was  1st  in  the  classes  for 
Carnations  and  Picotees,  and  for  hand-bouquets ; 
Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  Coventry,  were  1st  for  a 
bridal  bouquet ;  and  Messrs.  Burrill  &  Co.,  Cambridge, 
had  the  best  eighteen  spikes  of  Gladiolus. 
Fruit. 

As  the  result  of  the  liberal  prizes  of  j^'io,  £(1,  and 
;i^3,  for  a  collection  of  twelve  kinds  of  fruit,  and  a 
1st  prize  of  ^10  for  six  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  in 
three  varieties,  the  competition  in  these  classes  was 
very  keen,  and  the  exhibits  excellent.  Seven  collec- 
tions were  put  up,  and  these  were  so  near  in  point  of 
merit  as  to  cause  the  judges  some  embarrasraent. 
Ultimately  they  placed  Mr.  Roberts,  of  Gunnersbury 
Park,   Acton,    1st ;  Mr.  Gilman,   gr.    to  the  Earl  of 


310 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  4,  1886. 


Shrewsbury,  Ingeslrie,  Stafford,  2J  ;  Mr.  Goodacre, 
Elvaslon  Castle,  Derby,  3^  ;  and  extra  4lh  and  5th 
prizes  were  awarded  to  Mr.  Parker,  Impney  ;  and 
Mr.  Edwards,  Bestwood.  The  Gunnersbury  col- 
lection  contained  good  MadresHeld  Gourt,  Gros 
Maroc,  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  Buckland  Sweet- 
water  Grapes,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines,  Ormskirk 
Apricots,  Lady  Beatrix  Lambton  Pine,  having  a  rather 
poor  crown  ;  Golden  Perfection  Melon,  Sea  Eagle 
Peaches.  Figs,  Cherries,  and  a  good  dish  of  La  Grosse 
Suciee  Strawberries.  ,  „  ..      t        1     . 

Mr.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Bath,  Longleat, 
Warrninster,  secured  the  Ist  prize  (L\o)  for  six 
bunches  of  black  Grapes,  in  three  varieties,  in  a  wel  - 
contested  class;  the  Black  Hamburgh.  Black 
Alicante,  and  Mrs.  Pince's  Muscat  consisted  of 
large  well-finished  bunches.  2d,  Mr.  Stevenson,  gr 
to  Colonel  Pilkington,  Prescot,  being  2d,  with 
smaller  but  even  and  better  coloured  bunches  of 
Black  Hamburgh,  Ma]re>ft=ld  Court,  and  Black 
Alicante;  Mr.  Goodac.e  was  3d  with  Madresfield 
Court,  Muscat  Hamburgh,  and  Alnwick  Seedling  ; 
and  Ml".  Gilman  was  4th.  ,  ,,        . 

Mr.  Pratt  was  Ist  lor  three  bunches  ol  Muscats; 
Mr  Roberts,  Gunnersbury,  for  four  bunches  of  white, 
consisting  ol  good  Muscats  and  Foster's  Seedling;  and 
Mr  Barker,  gr.  to  Mr.  Alderman  Baynes,  Birkenhead, 
was  1st  of  eighteen  competitors  for  three  bunches  of 
black  Grapes,  with  three  handsome  and  well  hnished 
bnnches  of  Madresfield  Court  ;  the  2d  prize  going  to 
Mr.  Bennett,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  C.  W.  Wynne,  Rhug, 
Corwen,  for  Alnwick  Seedling ;  and  the  3 1  to  Mr.  K. 
Biownhill,  Ravenswood,  for  Black  Hamburgh. 
Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons  and  Messrs.  Tones  &_Sons, 
Croton  Hill,  were  placed  as  equal  3d  for  some  Grapes 
but  little  inferior  to  the  best  shown, 

Vegetables. 

These  made  a  grand  show  ;  Mr.  Lambert  was  well 

to  the  front  for  a  collection  of  twelve  kinds,  showing 

a  very  good  even  lot  ;  Mr.  Milner,  Sundorne  Castle, 

was  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Purser  31!. 


MAIDSTONE  :  August  24. 
"  A  HORTICULTURAL  exhibition  in  the  heart  of 
Kent"  is  sufficient  information  to  give  to  ensure  the 
pleasure  ol  inspecting  an  abundant  display  of  frutis, 
flowers,  and  vegetables  to  all  who  might  visit  the 
same  The  show  now  under  notice  amply  bore  out 
the  reputation  the  county  of  Kent  has  always  had  for 
superior  produce.  We  cannot,  however,  but  help 
thinking  that  the  committee  would  have  made  the 
occasion  a  more  enjoyable  one  had  they  secured 
some  suitable  grounds  in  which  to  hold  the  show 
rather  than  confining  the  same  to  the  Corn  Exchange 
buildings.  These,  though  spacious  enough  for  the 
productions,  did  not  allow  sufficient  room  for  a  com- 
fortable promenade  to  the  company  present. 

Plants, 

This  section  of  the  show  was  not  represented  by  an 
extensive  display,  caused  no  doubt  by  the  schedule 
being  somewhat  limited,  but  what  was  lacking  in 
quantity  was  amply  made  up  in  the  superior  quality. 

For  nine  fine-loliage  plants  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to 
H.  A.  Brassey,  Esq.,  Preston  Hall,  was  awarded  the 
1st  prize,  with  plants  of  fine  proportions  in  vigorous 
health,  prominent  among  which  were  Acalyphi 
Macafeeana,  a  beautiful  example  of  colouring,  and  very 
telling  ;  Alocasia  Veitchii,  in  good  order  ;  with  fine 
plants  of  Areca  lutescens,  Brahea  filamentosa  (in  fine 
character),  Cycas  revoluta,  and  Croton  Youngii.  Mr. 
Ocock,  gr.  to  Major  Roberts,  Rochester,  was  a  good 
2d,  staging  a  fine  plant  of  Seaforthia  elegans  in  his 
collection.  These  two  collections  formed  an  attractive 
feature  as  a  central  group  in  the  largest  room. 

For  a  group  arranged  for  effect,  the  order  ol  the 
two  exhibitors  just  named  was  reversed,  Mr.  Ocock 
winning  the  Silver  Cup  offered  as  a  1st  prize  with  a 
very  light  arrangement,  bright  with  well-coloured 
Crotons  and  Lilies.  Mr.  Waterman's  group  was 
somewhat  heavy  in  the  background,  but  relieved  to  a 
considerable  extent  by  the  use  of  light  and  elegant 
Palms.  ,,  .,  , 

For  a  smaller  group  F.  Pine,  Ksq.,  Maidstone,  was 
placed  1st,  with  a  novel  arrangement,  consisting  of 
an  effective  background  lightened  up  by  a  nice  plant 
of  Ixora  Williamsi,  then  dropping  away  to  a  ground- 
work of  Ferns,  Gloxinias  and  light  Palms  being  used 
as  a  tracery  to  relieve  the  same.  A.  Amies,  Esq., 
had  a  group  of  well  grown  Ferns  in  this  class.. 

Four  neat  collections  of  Ferns  were  staged,  the 
best  coming  from  W.  Fremlin,  Esq.,  Maidstone. 

Cut  Flowers 
were  excellent  in  quality,  and  the  competition  keen. 
For  Asters  (quilled)  and  Zinnias,  Mr.    Hicks,  gr.   to 
T,    lloUingsworth,    Esq.,    was   the    most   successful, 
staging  fine  blooms  in  each  class. 

The  competition  was  sharp  with  Asters  (tasselled), 
fourteen  entries  being  made,  the  best  coming  from 
Mr.  Brooks,  gr.  at  Yeovi!. 


Dahlias  were  shown  in  goodly  numbers,  the  last- 
named  again  winning.  A  fine  display  was  made  by 
the  baskets  of  cut  flowers,  no  limit  being  given  in 
respect  to  site,  Mr.  Goddard,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Bannerman, 
winning  with  a  choice  lot  in  a  basket  some  4  feet 
diameter. 

Boxes  of  cut  flowers  were  well  shown,  Mr.  Water- 
man taking  Ist  with  twelve  choice  kinds,  among 
which  we  noticed  Glorio-a  superba,  and  several  good 
Orchids. 

Roses  were  represented,  but  not  in  any  considerable 
number.  F.  Warde,  Esq.,  taking  Ist. 

Fruit. 

Several  good  collections  of  eight  dishes  were  shown, 
Mr.  Deuxbery,  gr.  to  Lord  Darnley,  Cobham,  being 
placed  1st,  with  a  capital  all-round  lot  of  fiuit — 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes, 
both  good  and  equally  creditable  ;  dishes  of  Trans- 
parent Gage  Plums  and  Brown  Turkey  Figs;  Mr. 
Legg,  gr.  to  M.  H.  Dalison,  E.q..  coming  2d, 
with  finely  coloured  Muscats,  good  Nectarines  and 
Peaches. 

Grapes. 

Black  Hamburghs  were  shown  .n  good  form,  Mr. 
Ocock  taking  1st,  with  three  bunches  of  fine  colour  ; 
and  Mr.  Chisholm,  gr.  to  Sir  Francis  Geary,  2i,  with 
bunches  very  fine  in  berry. 

For  two  bunches,  Mr.  W,  Blist,  Wateringbury, 
won  easily  with  compact  bunches. 

With  three  bunches  of  Muscat,  Mr.  L'gg  won  with 
fine  solid  bunches,  and  repeated  his  success  again  in 
the '■  any  other  black  class"  with  fine  bunches  of 
Black  Alicante. 

Plums 
were  shown  in  capital  condition  by  Mr.    Deuxbery 
who  won  Ist  prizes  for  both  dessert  and  culinary  kinds, 
having  fine  fruit  of  Transparent  Gage,   Reine  Claude 
de  Bivay,  Washington,  and  Kirke's. 

Peaches, 
in  the  class  for  open-air  fruit  brought  Royal  George, 
from  Mr.  Drake,  gr.  to  Lady  Fletcher,  to  the  front  ; 
whilst  from  under  glass  Noblesse  won  for   Mr.  Neve 
the  same  position. 

Nectarines 
in  similar  classes  were  represented,   in  each  case  by 
Lord  Napier,  from  Mr.  Braddick  and  Mr.  Lawrence. 

Pears, 
Giod   dishes   of    Jargonelle    and    Williams'    Bon 
Chretien   were   shown,    the   former   kind,  from    Mr. 
Bradick,  being  Ist. 

Morello  Cherries 
were   finely   shown   by   fifteen   exhibitors,    the    best 
coming  from  Mr.  Woller,  gr.  to  C.  Edmett,  Esq. 

Apples. 

GDod  culinary  sorts  were  shown  by  Mr.  Waterman, 

who  took  1st,  with  fine  fruits  of  Peasgood's  Nonsuch 

and  Stirling  Castle,  winning  again  with  Red  Astrachan 

and  Mr.  Gladstone  as  dessert  kinds. 

Outdoor  Fruit. 
With  a  collection  of  twelve  kinds  Mr.  Smith,  gr. 
to  Lady  Drake  was  Ist,  with  fine  samples  of  Hale's 
Early  Peach,  Brown  Turkey  Figs,  Violette  Ilative 
Nectarines,  Morello  Cherries,  and  Jargonelle  Pears  ; 
Mr.  Waterman  being  close  up  with  Balgowan  Nec- 
tarines and  other  good  dishes. 

Vegetables. 

This  section  constituted  a  most  important  feature 
in  the  show  being  represented  by  examples  of  first- 
class  culture  in  every  class. 

For  a  collection  not  exceeding  thirty  kinds  a  fine 
display  was  made,  Mr.  Waterman  winning  the  Ist 
place  with  a  collection  very  effectively  arranged  ;  Mr. 
Ocock  coming  in  a  close  2d. 

Twenty  kinds.— In  this  class  Mr.  Pettitt,  gr.  to 
R,  Balston,  Esq.,  took  Ist,  with  most  creditable 
produce  ;  the  2d  prize  going  to  Mr.  Hollamby,  gr.  to 
Walter  Monkton,  Esq.,  with  another  good  collection. 

Carrots,  Onions,  Celery,  Peas,  Tomatos,  Turnips, 
Cauliflowers,  and  French  Beans  were  well  represented 
in  each  of  the  foregoing  classes. 

Miscellaneous. 

For  a  basket  of  salad,  not  less  than  eight  kinds, 
Mr.  Waterman  again  stood  1st,  with  a  capital  selec- 
tion in  the  best  of  condition. 

With  kidney  Potatos,  Mr.  Deuxbery  came  to  the 
front  with  tubers  of  medium  but  even  size  ;  and  Mr. 
Waterman  the  same,  with  Tomatos,  hne  Iruit,  of 
good  colour. 

An  important  feature  in  the  show  was  that  part  of 
it  devoted  to  the  farmers  of  Mid-Kent  for  fruit  grown 
for  market,  to  be  shown  in  six  varieties  in  quarter- 
sieves  ;  Mr.  S.  II.  Goodwin  taking  1st,  with  Jargo- 
nelle  Pears,    New    Orleans    Plums,    Lord    Suffield 


Apples,  Cob-nuts,  old  black  Currant  and  Morello 
Cherries — all  well-grown  samples. 

Messrs.  Frost  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  of  Maidstone, 
staged  some  well  made  bouquets,  baskets  of  flowers, 
wreaths,  cS:c.,  made  of  Roses  and  other  flowers  in 
season,  likewise  an  attractive  group  of  decorative 
plants,  not  for  competition. 

Messrs.  Bunyard  &  Sons,  in  like  manner,  had  a 
good  show  of  Apples  (Lord  Suffield,  Grenadier,  and 
Potts'  Seedling  being  the  best),  and  Pears  (Bijou  and 
Beacon,  two  early  kinds,  were  the  most  promising), 
as  well  as  some  dishes  of  Plums  and  boxes  of  Roses 
and  Gladioli.  H. 


SEVENOAKS   HORTICULTURAL: 
August  25. 

This  Society  held  their  annual  show  on  the  above 
date  in  the  grounds  attached  to  Kippington  Park,  the 
seat  of  W.  J.  Thompson,  Esq.  The  site  chosen,  one 
of  those  lovely  knolls  for  which  this  beautiful  district 
is  so  remarkable,  contributed  much  to  make  an 
attractive  exhibition  still  more  enjojable.  Plants,  cut 
flowers,  and  fruit  were  well  shown,  the  competition  in 
many  of  the  c'asses  being  unsually  kten. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom,  the 
Ist  prize  in  the  open  division  went  to  Mr.  Gibson,  gr. 
to  T.  F.  Burnaby-Atkins,  E-q.,  Halslead  Place,  who 
had  large  and  beautifully  flowered  specimens,  con- 
sisting of  Dipladenia  Brearleyana,  D.  amabilis.  Ixora 
Williamsi,  I.  Prince  of  Orange,  Allamanda  Ilender- 
soni,  unusually  well  done  ;  and  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fourianum.  Mr.  Bolton,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Spottiswoode, 
Coombe  Bank,  who  was  2d,  staged,  amongst  others, 
nicely  bloomed  examples  of  Clerodendron  fallax, 
Lapageria  rosea,  an!  Statice  profusa. 

Four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  (amateurs).  —  is', 
Mr.  Vallins,  gr.  to  J.  H.  Worship,  Esq  ,  wiih  nicely 
grown  medium  sized  plants,  the  best  of  which  were 
Lapageria  alba  and  Dipladenia  amabilis. 

Single  specimen  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in 
flower. — Here  Mr.  Gibson  took  1st,  with  a  grandly 
bloomed  example  of  Allamanda  nobilis,  the  finest  of 
the  species,  but  not  so  easily  managed  as  the  others 
more  generally  seen  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cook,  gr.  to  1.)'  Birri 
Crawshay,  Esq.,  Rosefield,  who  had  a  fine  [lint  of 
Epidendrum  piismatocarpum. 

Fine-foliage  Plants. 

In  the  class  for  six,  Mr.  Goodman,  Bradbourne 
Hall,  took  the  lead  with  a  well  grown  group,  the  best 
of  which  were  Alocasia  Thibautiana,  PbcEuix  lupi- 
cola,  and  Croton  Williamsi  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gibson,  having, 
with  others,  a  large  healthy  plant  of  Araucaria  Bid- 
willi  ;  31,  Mr.  Bolton. 

Four  fine-foliage  plants  (amateurs).  — 1st,  Mr. 
Vallins. 

Caladiums  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Meakin,  gr, 
to  C.  R.  C.  Petley,  Esq.,  who  was  Ist ;  Mr.  Ilitton, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  S  wanzy.  The  Quarry,  2i. 

Ferns. 

These  were  very  well  done,  Mr.  Staples,  gr.  (o 
H.  Oppenheim,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  Hatton  being  equal 
Ist,  both  showing  large,  well  managed  collections. 

Hardy  Ferns  were  also  in  nice  order,  Mr.  Staples 
taking  Ist,  and  Mr.  Bolton  2d. 

Fuchsias 
were  in  good  condition,  well-flowered,  and  not  over- 
trained, 1st  honours  for  six  going  to   Mr.   Mtakin  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Huntley,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Curtcis. 
Four  Fuchsias  (amateurs). — Ist,  Mr.  Vallins. 

Tuberous  Begonias. 

With  four,  in  a  close  run,  Mr.  Meakin  was  Ist ; 
Mr.  Searing,  gr.  to  R.  Monckton,  Esq  ,  2d. 

Zonal  Pelargo.niu.ms. 
With  six,  Mr.   Meakin  had   Ist,  staging  medium- 
sized  examples  full  of  flowers  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hatton. 
Four  zonal  Pelargoniums. — Ist,  Mr.  Vallins. 

Groups  of  Plants  arranged  for  Effect 
are  always  one  of  the  chief  features  at  the  Sevenoaks 
exhibitions,  more  competitors  entering  the  lists  than 
are  to  be  found  at  most  places — a  circumstance,  no 
doubt,  owing  to  the  space  that  each  exhibitor  is  re- 
quired to  fill  not  being  large,  a  mistake  through 
which  the  frameis  of  not  a  few  schedules  defeat  the 
object  they  have  in  view,  as  when  the  space  to  be 
occupied  is  large,  it  takes  such  an  immense  number 
ol  plants  that  distant  exhibitors  are  deterred  from 
competing. 

In  the  leading  class  for  groups  of  flowering  and 
fine-leaved  plants,  Mr.  Meakin,  took  the  lead  with  a 
very  beautiful  arrangement ;  Mr.  Cook  being  a  good 
2d. 

In  the  second  division  of  groups,  Mr.  Vallins  had 
1st,  with  a  nicely  arranged  exhibit ;  2d,  Mr.  Searing. 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


311 


The  groups  confined  to  Ferns  alone,  were  remark- 
ably well  done,  Mr.  Staples  taking  1st  honours  ;  Mr. 
Halton,  who  was  2d,  also  showed  well  j  3i,  Mr. 
Goodman  ;  4th,  Mr.  Bolton, 

Cut  Flowers 
were  present  in  quantity.     With  twenty-four  K^ses, 
Mr.  Griy,  gr.  to  Earl  Stanhope,  was   1st,  putting  up 
a   nice   stand    of  blooms ;    2d,    Mr.     Hollingworth, 
MaiJstone. 

Twelve  Roses. — 1st,  Mr.  Blundell,  gr.  toG.  Christy, 
l-^q  ,  2d,  Mr.  Gibson. 

Dahlias  were  very  well  shown,  Mr.  Searle,  Vine 
Nursery,  taking  1st  for  twenty-four ;  2cl,  Messrs. 
Cannell. 

Twelve  Dahlia?. — 1st,  Mr.  Godden,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Brook  ;  2d,  Mr.  Meakin. 

Twelve.Cactus  Dahlias.  —  Isl,  Mr.  Meakin  ;  2d,  Mr. 
H  ladley,  gr.  to  F.  L.  Bevan,  Esq. 

S  X  varieties  of  single  D-ihlias,  three  blooms  of 
each.  —  lit,  Mr.  Bolton  ;  2J,  Mr.  Cook. 

S:.^  Gladiolus.— ist,  Mr.  Cook  ;  2J,  Mr.  Gibson. 

Six  Phloxes.  —  1st,  Mr.  Staples,  with  fine  spikes; 
2I,  Mr.  Bolton. 

Of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers  there  was  a  good 
display,  Mr.  Cook  taking  the  lead  with  t^eltfe 
varieties,  all  Orchids,  including  fine  spikes  of  Vanda 
Fuavis,  V.  tricolor  Patersonii,  V.  insignis,  Cattleya 
G  iskelliana,  Rosefield  variety,  C.  speciosissima,  C. 
Leopoldi  and  Odontoglossum  crispum  ;  2J,  Mr. 
Giliion,  who  likewise  had  a  fine  stand. 

Table  decorations,  bouquets,  &c.,  as  usual  here, 
were  in  great  force,  filling  a  good  sized  tent.  In  a 
close  competition  in  the  class  for  three  stands,  Mr. 
V.  W.  Seale  was  Ist,  and  Mr.  Ilitton,  2d. 

Single  stand.  — Ist,  Mr.  F.  W.  Seale  ;  2d,  Mrs. 
Bishop. 

Single  groups  of  wild  (lowers  were  likewise  beauti- 
fully arranged,  Mrs.  Hassell  taking  1st;  Mr.  F.  W. 
Seale,  2d. 

Basket  of  flowers.— Ist,  Miss  Seale  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Hoadley. 

For  a  hand-bouquet  Mrs.  Bishop  had  the  Ist 
award  ;  Mr.  Seale,  2d. 

Three  button-hole  bouquets. — 1st,  Mr.  Bolton;  2J, 
Mrs.  Bishop. 

Fruit 

was  forthcoming  in  large  quantities  and  good  condi- 
tion, if  we  except  Muscat  Giapes,  which  with  few 
exceptions  were  much  deficient  in  colour.  In  the 
cl.isj  for  six  dishes  of  fruit  Mr.  Henson,  gr.  to  T. 
lohnson,  Esq.,  Broomsleigh,  had  1st,  with  Black 
Hamburgh  and  Golden  Hamburgh  Grapes,  not  large 
bunches,  but  very  well  coloured  ;  Goshawk  Peaches, 
D.iwnton  Nect.irmes,  and  a  nice  dish  of  Negro  Lirgo 
Figs,  and  a  Melon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Gray,  whose  best  dishes 
were  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
Grapes;  3d,  Mr.  Goodman. 

Four  dishes  of  fruit.  — Ist,  Mr.  Scaring;  2d,  Mr. 
Gibbons,  gr.  to  F.  Scudamore,  Esq  ,  Maidstone. 

Single  Pine.-lst,  Mr.  \V.  F.  Smith,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Byass,  Neville  Court,  vvith  a  fine  fruit  of  Smooth 
Cayenne  ;  2d,  Mr,  Henderson,  gr.  to  VV.  J.  Deacon, 
Esq. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes. — Of  these  there 
were  ten  exhibitors,  Mr.  Staples  taking  the  lead  with 
Black  Himburgh,  in  good  condition;  2d,  Mr.  \V. 
F.  Smith,  who  also  had  Black  Hamburghs  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Henderson,  with  Muscat  Hamburghs. 

Two  bunches  of  black  Grapes. —Is',  Mr.  Searing; 
2J,  Mr.  Hoadley. 

Three  bunchesof  white  Grapes. — In  this  class  there 
were  eight  competitors,  Mr.  Gray  being  1st,  wiih 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  compact  bunches,  nicely 
coloured;  2d,  Mr.  Denton,  gr.  to  A.  T.  Beeching, 
Esq.,  who  had  Buckland  Sweetwater,  fine  bunches, 
beautifully  coloured  ;  3d  Mr.  C.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  E. 
A.  Hoare,  Esq. 

Two  bunches  of  white  Grapes.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Headley; 
2d,  Mr.  Martin,  gr.  to  W.  Johnson,  Esq. 

Three  varieties  of  Grapes,  one  bunch  of  each.  — 1st, 
Mr.  Gray,  who  staged  Black  Hamburgh,  Foster's 
Seedling,  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria;  2d,  Mr.  Ilcn- 
son,  with  the  same  varieties  ;  3d,  Mr.  Goodman. 

Melon.  — Ist,  Mr.  Ham,  gr.  to  J.  S.  Johnson,  Esq.. 
with  Hero  of  Lockinge  ;  2d,  Mr.  Searing. 

Dish  of  Peaches.  — 1st,  Mr.  Goodman,  with  grand 
examples  of  Royal  George,  very  highly  coloured  ;  2J, 
Mr.  Goldsmith,  with  Princess  of  Wales. 

Dish  of  Nectarines.  —  lit,  Mr.  Goodman,  with 
good  examples  of  Pitmaston  Orange  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Henderson. 

Dessert  Plums  were  present  in  large  quantities  and 
fine  condition.  With  three  dishes  Mr.  Staples  had 
Ist  ;  Mr.  Waterman,  2d. 

Three  dishes  of  culinary  Plums.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Staples  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Bolton. 

Of  Apples,  both  dessert  and  culinary,  there  was 
abundance.  With  three  dishes  of  dessert  kinds  Mr. 
Waterman  had  1st  ;  Mr.  Staples  2d. 

Three  dishes,  culinary  varieties. — Ist,  Mr,  Water- 
man ;  2d,  Mr.  Cook. 

Three  dishes  of  desert  Pears.— Ist,  Mr.  Waterman  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Staples, 


Dish  of  Cherries.— 1st,  Mr.  Waterman  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Vallins. 

Mr.  Carlton,  gr.  to  Lord  Hillington,  exhibited,  not 
for  competition,  a  specimen  of  Lilium  auratum  with 
142  flowers  on  twenty  stems.  The  plant  was  grown 
in  a  i5-inch  pot.  It  well  deserved  the  Cultural  Com- 
mendation that  was  awarded  to  it. 

Cut  flowers,  not  for  competition,  were  contributed 
by  the  Westerham  Nursery  Company  ;  a  stand  of 
fruit  and  flowers,  by  W.  H.  Smith  ;  Dahlias,  large- 
flowered,  pompon,  and  single  varieties,  by  Mr.  Scale; 
and  a  group  of  Ferns  by  Mr.  F.  Webber,  Quarry 
Hill  Nursery,  Tonbridge. 


HARPENDEN    HORTICULTURAL  : 

August  25. 

Favoured  with  brilliant  weather,  such  as  must 
cheer  the  hearts  of  horticulturists  and  agriculturists 
alike,  the  eighth  annual  exhibition  of  flowers,  fruit.s, 
vegetables,  and  honey  held  by  this  Society  proved  a 
decided  success.  The  site  of  the  show  was,  as  pre- 
viously, by  the  kind  permission  of  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes, 
Bart.,  the  Pr^^sident,  in  the  lower  part  of  Kothamsted 
Park,  of  easy  access  to  the  village  and  railway  station. 
Harpenden  has  acquired  a  reputation  in  the  county 
(or  the  excellence  of  its  horticultural  shows,  and  the 
one  just  held  far  exceeded  in  extent  and  importance 
those  o(  previous  years.  The  entries  were  consider- 
ably  more  numerous,  and  the  general  character  and 
arrangement  of  the  show  was  very  creditable.  Prize; 
to  the  amount  of  nearly  £\oa  were  olTered  for  com- 
petiiion,  and  the  total  number  of  exhibits  sent  was 
about  760,  the  contest  being  exceedingly  keen  in 
many  of  the  classes. 

A  new  feature  in  the  schedule  this  year  was  a  divi- 
sion confined  to  agricultural  labourers,  special  prizes 
for  this  purpose  being  olT;ted  by  several  gentlemen  in 
Iha  locality. 

The  exhibits  were  tastefully  arranged  under  two 
spacious  marquees,  a  separate  tent  being  set  apart  for 
table  decorations  and  other  floral  designs  contributed 
by  lady  competitors. 

Plants. 

Reverting  to  the  ordir  of  the  schedule,  the  first  on 
the  list  is  a  class  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
in  flower,  distinct.  Two  collections  only  were  staged, 
both  excellent,  but  the  judges  had  little  difficulty  in 
awarding  premier  honours  to  C.  R.  Fenwick,  Eq, 
High  Firs,  lurpenden  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Underwoo.l),  (or 
Vinca  rosea,  a  really  magnificent  plant,  loaded  with 
blossoms;  Allamanda  Schotiii,  Dipladenia  amabilis, 
Clerodendron  BaWouiianum,  C.  fallax,  and  Pcnias 
carnea,  a  perfect  beauty.  The  2I  prizs  went  to  f. 
B.undell  Maple,  Esq.  (gr  ,  Mr.  T.  Nuting),  Chil'j- 
wickbury,  St.  Alban's,  who  showed  specimens  of 
Bjugainvillea  gUbra,  Dipl.idenia  boliviensis.  Plum- 
bago capensis,  Allamanda  Henderson!,  Vinca  oculala, 
and  Dipladenia  Brearleyana,  These  colhctious 
elicited  the  praise  of  all. 

Groups  of  Plants. 

Facing  the  visitor  on  entering  the  largest  tent  was 
a  brilliant  group  of  flowering  plants,  also  from  rhe 
conservatories  of  Mr.  C.  R.  Fenwick,  High  Firs, 
Harpenden,  shown  in  c:)mpetition  for  a  special  prize 
offered  by  H.  T.  Hodgson,  Esq.  This  display,  for 
wealth  of  colour,  beauty  of  form,  and  general  arrange- 
ment was  unsurpassed  by  anything  in  the  show,  and 
easily  won  1st  place.  The  collection  comprised 
among  others,  specimens  ofJVinca  alba,  Bougainvillea 
glabra.  Campanula  pyramidalis  (a  fine  example),  Dip- 
ladenia alba,  Clerodendron  fallax,  Liliums,  .-Vrecas, 
Fuchsias,  Begonias,  and  some  exceptionally  good 
Cockscombs  of  Cannell's  strain.  H.  T.  Hodgson, 
Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  C.  Sibley),  was  the  only  other  com- 
petitor in  this  class,  and  staged  a  very  pretty  and 
elTective  group,  taking  2i  prize. 

In  the  class  for  six  foliage  plants  (distinct),  J.  Blun- 
dell Maple,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  T.  Nutting),  Childwickbury, 
was  Ist  with  Cissus  discolor,  Croton  Baronne  fames 
de  Rothschild,  one  of  the  richest  coloured  varieties  in 
cultivation;  Areca  Verschaffeltii,  Croton  Evansianus, 
Acalypha  musaica,  and  Areca  lutescens.  J.  S.  Hill, 
E=q.  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  F.  Emptage),  Hawkswick,  St. 
Albans,  came  in  2d  with  examples  of  Anthurium  cryi- 
tallinum,  Pandanus  Veitchii,  Adinatum  Farleyense, 
Cissus  discolor,  Musa  Cavendishii,  and  Platycerijm 
alcicorne,  a  fines  pecimen  of  the  S:ag's-horn  Fern. 

For  special  prizes  oftered  by  C.  R.  Fenwick, 
Esq.,  High  Firs,  for  a  grjup  of  plants  arranged 
for  effect,  on  staging  12  (eet  by  6  feet,  two  very 
interesting  collections  were  arranged,  Mr.  T.  Nut- 
ting, Childwickbury,  heading  the  list  with  Cala- 
diums,  Liliums,  Crotons,  a  capitally  grown  speci- 
men of  Seaforthia  elegans  occupying  the  centre.  The 
groundwork  chiefly  consisted  of  Maidenhair  Ferns, 
being  broken  up  by  other  varieties  of  diverse  habit, 
forming  a  very  pleasing  group  ;  Mr.  J.  S.  Hill  (gr., 
Mr.  W.  F.  Emptage),  Hawkswick,  St.  Albans,  was 
awarded  2d  prize,  with  a  capital  assoitment  of 
DiacKnas,  Palms,  Ferns,  Begonias,  and  Caladiums — 


the  specimens  meriting  particular  notice  being 
Dieffenbachia  sanguinea  picta,  Ophiopogon  Jaburaa 
aureo-variegatus,  and  Fittonia  Pearcei. 

BiiGONIAS. 
Some  remarkably  fine  tuberous  Begonias  were 
shown  by  H.  T.  Hodgson,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  C.  Sibley), 
winning  1st  prize  ;  \Ui.  Watde  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Smith), 
Bennetts,  Harpenden,  taking  2d  honours,  in  which 
collection  we  noticed  one  of  Cannell's  crimson  scarlet 
doubles,  a  perfect  gem,  showing  monstrous  blooms. 

Fuchsias, 

Of  the  special  prizes  offered  by  J.  B.  Maple,  Esq., 
for  Fuchsias,  the  Ist  was  awarded  to  Mr.  H.  T. 
Hodgson,  for  an  attractive  lot  of  well  grown  plants  ; 
Mrs.  Warde  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Smith),  Harpenden,  being 
a  good  2J.  In  consideration  o(  the  excellence  of  his 
exhibit  G.  Burnand,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Pepper), 
Twin  Water  Park,  was  awarded  an  extra  prize  in 
this  class. 

Miscellaneous. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums,  both  single  and  double, 
showed  up  in  excellent  forms,  1st  prize  for  singles 
going  to  iMessrs.  Erst  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Littlechild),  High- 
held  Hall,  St.  Albans;  and  the  2d  to  Mr.  H,  T. 
Hodgson. 

In  the  doubles  R.  Mather,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr,  D. 
S.mmonds),  Kirkwick,  Harpenden,  look  premier 
honours,  an  extra  going  to  Messrs.  East,  of  Highfield 
Hall,  St.  Albans. 

Colcus. — Mr.  R.  Mather  was  the  only  competitor 
in  the  class  for  Coleus,  and  was  awarded  Mrs.  Olive's 
special  prize  for  half-a-dozen  capital  plants,  clean  and 
well  grown,  which  would  have  had  little  difficulty  in 
holding  their  own  in  a  more  extensive  competition. 

Ferns.— The  class  for  six  exotic  Ferns,  (or  special 
prizes  offered  by  Mrs.  Baxendale,  Blackmore  End, 
Welwyn,  was  well  contested.  Mr.  Fenwick,  High 
Firs,  Harpenden,  carrying  off  1st  ;  Mr.  G.  Burnand, 
of  Tewin  Water  Park,  coming  2d,  the  unsuccessful 
competitors  being  Mr.  J.  S.  Hill,  Hawkswick,  St. 
Al  lans,  and  G.  N.  Martin,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  F.  H. 
Froud),  The  Bank,  St.  Albans. 

At  the  lower  end  of  this  tent  was  a  neatly  arranged 
group  of  plants  sent  in,  not  for  competition,  by  Sir 
J.  B.  Lawes  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Olver). 

Cut  Flowers. 

As  usual  at  Harpenden  cut  flowers,  especially  Roses 
and  D.ihlias,  occupied  a  most  prominent  place,  a  grand 
collection  of  Roses  from  the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  W. 
Paul  &  Son,  of  Waltham,  not  for  competition,  were 
the  admiration  of  all  visitors.  Roses  of  every  hue,  so 
fresh  and  bright  and  numerous  were  exhibited,  that  the 
mind  pictured  to  itself  the  scenery  of  the  Rose  gardens 
at  Waltham  Cross  in  full  summertide.  The  collection 
comprised  many  of  the  newest  and  most  beautiful 
varieties,  including  Madame  William  Paul,  Comte 
Benoit,  Charles  Lamb,  Cilonel  Felix  Breton, 
Directeur  Alphand,  Ella  Gordon,  MdUe.  Julie 
Gaulain,  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  Lord  Frederick  Caven- 
dish, Professor  EJward  Regel,  Mrs.  George  Dickson, 
and  many  charming  varieties  of  the  Bourbon,  Tea- 
scented,  and  Noisette  perpetua's. 

Roses  :  Co.mpeting  Classes. 

In  the  class  for  forty-eight  cut  Roses  of  distinct 
varieties,  the  well-known  growers,  Messrs.  G.  Paul  & 
Sons,  Cheshunt,  made  a  splendid  show,  and  deser- 
vedly occupied  the  Ist  position,  some  of  the  newer 
kinds  especially  pointed  out  being  G.  Baker,  Duke 
of  Albany,  Sunset,  Madame  Norman  Neruda,  Marshall 
P.  Wilder,  Madame  Bertha  Mackart  ;  others  equally 
good  being  Malame  Eugine  Verdier,  Black  Prince, 
Maurice,  A.  K.  Williams,  John  Stuart  Mill,  Madame 
Victor,  and  Mdlle  Julie  Gaulain.  The  Rev.  W.  H. 
Jackson,  M.A.,  Stagsden  Vicarage,  took  2d,  with  a 
collection  well  worthy  of  notice,  among  which  we 
observed  a  very  pretty  and  new  variety  named  after 
the  Princess  of  Wales,  and  another  the  Countess  De 
Lerenzia. 

Messrs.  G.  Paul  &  Sons  also  stood  1st  with  twelve 
Tea  Roses,  including  Beaule  de  I'Europe,  Sunset, 
Madame  Eugene  Verdier,  and  the  best  of  the  older 
varieties — Innocenta  Pirola,  a  cream-coloured  bloom, 
most  delicately  scented.  The  Rev.  W.  H.  Jackson 
again  ranked  2d,  with  a  well-finished  lot. 

Dahlias. 

For  the  prizes  for  Dahlias  of  forty-eight  distinct 
varieties  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  of  Bishop  Stortford, 
and  Messrs.  G.  Paul  &  Sons,  Cheshunt,  were  the  only 
competitors,  and  the  former,  whose  association  with 
Dahlias  is  well  known,  exhibited  one  of  the  finest 
collections  we  ever  remember  to  have  seen — in  fact 
they  were  superb,  and  embraced  choice  blooms  of 
J.  Williams,  Flag  of  Truce,  General  Gordon,  Ethel, 
Briton,  Bird  of  Passage,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Mrs.  H. 
Glasscock,  Burgundy,  Imperial,  Duchess  of  Albany, 
Senator,  Joseph  Green,  Wizard,  Mrs.  Langtry,  and 
Romeo. 

For  the  collection  of  twenty-four  varieties,  Mr,  T. 


312 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  4,  iS 


Jarrett,  South  Mill,  Bishop  Stottford,  was  1st,  with  a 
collection  that  was  much  admired  ;  the  2d  prize 
winner  being  Messrs.  East  (gr.,Mr.  Liltlechild),  High- 
field  Hall,  St.  Albans. 

Mrs.  Drake  Jarrard,  of  Lamer  Park,  Wheatham- 
stead  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Tilbury),  was  the  only  exhibitor  in 
the  class  for  twelve  Dahlias,  and  w.is  awarded 
2d  prize. 

Mr.  J.  Henshaw,  of  Harpenden,  whose  reputation 
as  an  amateur  in  the  growth  of  these  flowers  is  well 
known  in  the  floral  world,  exhibited  some  excellent 
bunches  of  pompon  Dahlias,  capitally  staged,  and 
easily  winning  premier  honours  ;  the  varieties  in- 
cluded Professor  Bergeat,  Darkness,  Sensation,  Golden 
Gem,  Fashion,  Hercules,  Dora,  Butterfly,  and  Guiding 
Star.  Messrs.  East,  Highfield  Hill,  St.  Albans, 
were  2d  in  this  class  Herbaceous  cut  flowers  and 
Asters  were  also  admirably  shown,  there  being  a 
keen  competition  with  the  latter. 
Fruit. 

The  display  of  fruit  was  upon  the  whole  good,  and 
fairly  represented  ;  fine  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria Grape,  exhibited  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Maple,  were 
particularly  noticeable.  Fruit,  eight  sorts,  distinct, 
1st  prize  also  awarded  to  J.  B.  Maple,  produce  shown 
being  Cherries  (Bigarreau),  rigs(Brunswick),  Apricots 
(Moor  Park),  Melon  (Masterpiece),  Green  Gage  Plum, 
white  Grapes  (Muscat  of  Alexandria),  black  Grapes 
(Black  Hamburgh),  and  Peaches,  not  very  first-rate. 
There'were  four  competitors  in  this  class,  the  two  last 
of  whom  were  adjudged  equal. 

G.  N.  Marten,  Esq  ,  The  Bank,  St.  Albans,  gained 
1st  prize  for  a  Melon,  for  which  there  were  eight 
entries. 

Vegetables. 

All  kinds  of  vegetables  were  strongly  shown,  and 
the  exhibits  remarkably  good,  Potatos  being  parti- 
cularly worthy  of  notice,  and  pointing  to  a  decided 
improvement  in  the  cultivation  of  this  tuber  in  the 
neighbourhood. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  sorts  of  vegetables,  Mr.  T. 
A,  Beckett,  of  Penn,  Amersham,  deservedly  gained 
1st,  the  produce  shown  being — Peas,  Duke  of  Albany  ; 
Beans,  Canadian  Wonder ;  Tomatos,  Carter's  Per- 
fection ;  Carrots,  Sutton's  New  Intermediate  ;  Beans, 
Champion  Runner ;  Celery,  Leicester  Red  ;  Onions, 
White  Elephant  ;  Artichoke,  Green  Globe  ;  Cauli- 
flowers, Walcherin  ;  Marrow,  Pen-y-bryd  ;  Beets, 
Pragnell  Exhibition  ;  Potatos,  Vicar  of  Lalehani. 
There  were  six  competitors  in  this  class,  the  2d  prize 
going  to  R.  Hoare,  Esq.  (gr..  Mr.  F.  Faint),  Marden 
Hill,  Hertford  ;  and  the  3d  prize  to  H.  T.  Hodgson, 
Esq.  (gr. ,  Mr.  C.  Sibley),  Harpenden. 

Ladies'  Division. 

The  table  decorations  were  pretty  and  attractive. 
Mrs.  Mardell,  Harpenden,  was  awarded  1st  for  a 
very  artistic  arrangement,  yellow  and  pale-pink 
flowers  being  nicely  blended  with  the  Maidenhair  Fern 
and  soma  choice  fruit,  including  Black  Hamburgh 
Grape,  Plums,  Peaches,  Figs,  Melon,  and  Pears. 
Mrs.  Whitbred  Roberts  was  2d,  with  a  light  and 
effective  table,  which  in  some  points  was  superior  to 
the  1st  prize  winner,  the  flowers  used  being  yellow 
Marguerites,  Orchids,  Begonias,  A'allota  purpurea, 
and  Eucharis  amazonica.  Mrs.  Stirling  came  in  3d, 
with  a  somewhat  ^sthetically  arranged  table,  too  flat 
and  heavy,  although  the  materials  were  choice. 

Vases,  button-holes,  and  baskets  were  sent  in  fair 
numbers  for  competition. 

Owing  to  the  unfavourable  season  for  honey,  the 
exhibits  in  this  department  were  considerably  fewer 
than  usual,  but  the  quality  was  excelled.  J,  ]V. 


THE  DEVON  AND  EXETER  HORTI- 
CULTURAL:  August  25. 

The  above  Society  held  its  exhibition  on  the 
beautiful  grounds  of  Northernhay,  Exeter,  under  the 
most  favourable  circumstances  as  regards  the  exhibits, 
attendance,  and  the  weather,  which  latter  was  all 
that  could  be  desired.  In  the  evening  the  whole  of 
the  tents  and  grounds  were  illuminated  by  thousands 
of  coloured  lamps,  &c.,  producing  a  most  charming 
and  novel  effect,  and  which  proved  highly  attractive, 
for  during  the  afternoon  and  evening  between  4000 
and  5000  persons  visited  the  show,  which  has  not 
been  anything  like  equalled  for  a  great  number  of 
years  past. 

The  exhibits  were  excellent  in  every  class.  The 
plants — a  matter  of  course  when  we  find  Mr.  Locke, 
gr.  to  B.  W.  Cleare,  Esq..  of  Newcombes,  Crediton, 
taking  the  lead  in  most  of  the  principal  classes  with 
plants  that  have  figured  at  all  the  principal  shows  in 
the  West  this  season  as  prize  winners.  Mr.  Row- 
land, gr.  to  W.  Brock,  Esq.,  was  not  far  behind 
in  many  instances,  which  means  that  he  was  a 
good  2d. 

Mr.  Teed,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Ensor,  The  Bungalow, 
Topsham  Road,  Exeter,  came  out  well  with  stove 
and  greenhouse  flowering  plants,  and  bids  well  to 
take  a  leading  position  in  (he  future. 


Fruit  was,  without  exception,  remarkably  fine  and 
well  coloured,  and  each  class  numerously  contested. 

But  perhaps  vegetables  created  as  much  interest  as 
anything  owing  to  the  fact  that  one  of  the  Veilch 
Memorial  prizes  and  ^5  were  offered  for  a  collection 
of  twelve  kinds,  supplemented  by  good  2d  and  3d 
prizes  by  the  Society.  The  competition  was  strong 
and  keen.  Mr.  Garland,  gr.  to  Sir  Thomas  Acland, 
Killerton,  was  the  successful  prize  winner,  whose 
exhibits  received  the  full  number  of  points  in  the 
judges'  estimation.  Mr.  Leach,  gr.  to  John  Drew, 
Esq.,  Park  Villas,  Kenton,  the  previous  winner  of  the 
Veitch  Memorial  prize  at  Exeter,  took  2d,  with  an 
admirable  collection  ;  Mr.  W.  R.  Baker,  gr.  to  the 
Rev.  P.  L.  D'Acland,  being  a  good  3d. 

A  second  collection  of  vegetables,  consisting  of  ten 
kinds,  the  prizes  being  given  by  the  firm  of  Lucombe, 
Pince  &  Co.,  was  equally  strongly  contested,  Mr. 
Garland  again  succeeding  in  distancing  his  brother 
competitors  ;  Mr.  Sparks,  gr.  to  A.  Barnett,  Esq.,  of 
Tiverton,  an  old  1st  prize-taker,  being  2d,  with  a 
very  creditable  lot  ;  3d,  to  Col.  Troyte. 

The  single  dishes  of  vegetables  were  all  of  superior 
merit,  which  shows  that,  despite  cold  weather  in 
spring  and  drought  in  summer,  crops  have  not  suffered 
very  much. 

The  two  large  firms  of  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  and 
Veitch  &  Son,  of  Exeter,  as  usual,  conributed  largely 
to  the  attractions  of  the  show. 

Messrs.  Veitch  filled  up  one  end  of  one  of  the  large 
tents  wilh  ornamental  rockwork,  clothing  it  with 
creeping  and  other  plants,  most  cleverly  arranged  by 
Mr.  Meyer,  their  landscape  gardener,  who  has  become 
famous  in  the  West  lor  his  taste  and  skill  in  this 
department.  In  the  evening,  when  it  was  lit  up  wilh 
various  coloured  and  Arabian  lamps,  the  effect  was 
most  beautiful.  The  same  firm  staged  a  great  variety 
of  Japanese  Maples,  of  varied  hues  and  most  graceful 
habits  ;  boxes  of  pompon  Dahlias,  arranged  in  bunches 
with  buds,  just  as  those  kinds  of  D.ihlias  should  be 
shown — Isabel,  a  nice  fiery  red ;  Cupid,  Junkeri,  Gem, 
White  Button,  Golden  Canary,  a  splendid  yellow  ; 
Little  Duchess,  and  Little  Bobby  being  the  best  of 
hem.  Boxes  of  Roses  were  also  shown  in  good 
Iform,  also  double  Dahlias,  double  Begonias)a  mag- 
nificent lot),  single  Begonias,  herbaceous  and  other 
flowers. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  contributed  a  fine 
mixed  collection  of  stove  and  greenhouse  foliage  and 
flowering  plants  in  their  usual  form.  Allamandas  in 
variety  and  well  flowered  ;  Pancratiums,  Vallotas, 
Heaths,  Crotons  in  great  variety,  Ferns  backed  up 
wilh  fine  specimens  of  Palms  such  as  Cocos 
Weddelliana,  Coryphaaustralis,  Latanias,  Tree  Ferns, 
&c. — altogether  a  most  pleasing  and  effective  group. 
These  were  supplemented  on  tables  opposite  with 
boxes  of  herbaceous  Phloxes,  a  white  Aster  called 
Mignonne,  a  beautiful  white ;  Niphetos  Roses,  a 
superb  lot ;  pompon  Dahlias — Guiding  Star,  Duchess, 
Little  Arthur,  Little  Helen,  Gem,  Mabel,  Little  Mis- 
tress, a  very  dark  variety  ;  Garnet,  fiery  red  ;  Glow- 
worm, and  Dora,  a  lovely  white,  were  the  best. 
Several  other  varieties  of  Dahlias  were  staged  in 
boxes  of  each,  of  superior  merit. 

Open  Competition. 

Twenty-four  Roses,  distinct. — Only  one  competitor. 
This  was  awarded  2d  prize,  Mr.  Teed  being  the  only 
one  that  came  up  to  the  scratch. 

Forty-eight  Dahlias,  double,  distinct.  — 1st,  Mr.  J. 
Nation,  Taunton,  a  well  known  Dahlia  grower,  his 
best  flowers  being  Mr.  F.  Foreman,  purple  ;  James 
Huntley,  dark  red  ;  Thomas  Gordon,  fine  dark 
maroon ;  James  Cocker,  General  Roberts,  Rev.  J.  B. 
Camm,  Artiste  (fancy),  very  good  ;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Reid, 
Emily  Edwards,  beautiful  flesh  colour  ;  Prince  Bis- 
marck, Pioneer,  very  dark  ;  Ethel  Britton,  fessie 
Mcintosh,  and  Modesty.  2d,  Mr,  Crump,  gr,  to 
Mrs.  Hart,  who  was  a  capital  2d. 

Forty-eight  Gladioli,  distinct. — Mr.  Dobree,  of 
Wellington,  had  the  field  to  himself  with  a  superb 
lot  of  blooms. 

Eighteen  bunches  of  cut  flowers,  distinct.  —  1st, 
Mr.  Locke  ;  2d,  Mr.  Rowland,  both  showing  first- 
class  lots  of  blooms. 

Plants. 

Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  in  flower. — i^t, 
Mr.  Locke,  who  staged  fine  specimens  of  Dipladenia 
amabilis,  Eucharis,  Ixora  Williamsi,  grand  ;  Alla- 
manda  Hendersoni,  Ericas  Marnockiana,  Irbyana,  and 
retorta  major,  &c.  ;  Mr.  Teed  taking  2d  with  a  very 
fine  lot  of  healihy  and  well-flowered  specimens,  hav- 
ing Ixoras  Prince  of  Orange  and  Williamsi,  beauti- 
fully flowered. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  in  flower.  —  1st, 
Mr.  Rowland,  who  staged  a  capital  lot,  his  Dipladenia 
amabilis  being  extra  good. 

Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  foliage  plants,  distinct. 
—  1st.  Mr.  Locke,  with  a  grand  lot,  comprising  Cro- 
tons Weismanni  and  Warreni,  splendidly  coloured  ; 
Latania  borbonica,  grand  plant  ;  Kentias  Balmore- 
ana  and  australis,  both  fine  specimens  ;  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  Encephalartos  villosa,  a  magnificent  Palm  ;  and 
Croton  Williamsi.     Mr.  Rowland  took  2d,  also  with 


a  fine  collection  ;  his  Crotons  Andreanus  and  Dis- 
raeli being  especially  well  coloured. 

Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns.  —  1st,  Mr. 
Locke,  wilh  Marattia  Cooperi,  a  grand  and  rare 
variety  ;  Davallia  Tyermanni,  Gleichenias  rupestris, 
glaucescens,  speluncre,  and  Mendelii  ;  Davallia  poly- 
antha,  and  Adiantum  trapeziforme.  Mr.  Rowland 
again  took  2d,  his  best  being  a  grand  piece  of 
Neottopteris  nidus-avis,  Dicksonia  antarctica  and 
Alsophila  australis. 

Six  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns. — Mr.  Mollon, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Ponget,  and  Mr.  Teed,  were  placed  equal 
1st,  each  staging  well. 

Miscellaneous  Group  of  Plants, 
arranged  for  effect,  on  100  square  feet  of  staging. — 
1st,  Mr.  Lock,  who  retrieved  his  position  this  year, 
having  on  the  last  occasion  been  beaten  by  Mr.  Row- 
land, who  now  took  the  2d  prize.  Both  collections 
were  examples  of  perfect  skill  and  taste  in  cultivation 
and  arrangement,  Mr.  Locke's  small  Crotons  being 
perfectly  coloured,  his  groundwork  of  Maidenhair 
being  good,  and  he  has  improved  upon  former  years 
by  introducing  more  flowering  plants,  which  this 
season  did  him  good  service. 

Miscellaneous  group,  arranged  for  eftect,  on  stage 
5  feet  square.  — 1st,  Mr.  Teed,  who  staged  with  good 
taste  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mollon,  whose  foliage  was  rather  too 
heavy. 

Six  Fuchsias. — 1st,  Mr.  Staddon,  gr.  to  Colonel 
Courtenay,  Millbrook  House,  Topsham,  who  staged 
capital  plants,  and  well  flowered  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mollon, 
who  had  fine  pyramidal  and  well-flowered  plants  also 

Six  Lycopodiums.  —  1st,  Mr.  Locke  ;  2d,  Mr.  Teed. 

Nine  Gloxinias. — 1st,  Mr.  Staddon,  with  a  very 
nice  fresh  lot ;  2d,  IMr.  Rowland. 

Twelve  British  Ferns. — 1st,  Mr.  Mollon;  2d,  Mr. 
Locke. 

Six  Cockscombs. — 1st,  Mr.  Mollon,  with  splendid 
heads  of  bloom. 

Six  double  Begonias.  —  1st,  Mr.  Geeson,  gr.  to 
Lord  Haldon,  who  had  some  capital  plants,  varieties 
raised  by  himself,  and  not  surpassed — Sulphur  Queen, 
Perfection,  Euoniensis,  White  Lady,  General  Gordon 
(Lang)  ;  2d,  not  awarded. 

Six  single  tuberous-rooted  Begonias. — 1st,  M'. 
Rowland ;  2d,  Mr.  Counter,  gr.  to  Mark  Farrant, 
Esq. 

Six  dinner-table  plants. — 1st,  Mr.  Rowland. 

Six  Dracaenas,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr.  Rowland. 

Six  zonal  Pelargoniums,  double,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr. 
Staddon  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mollon. 

Six  single  ditto. — 1st,  Mr.  Staddon. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Twelve  Dahlias,  Juarezi  (Cactus  Dahlia). — Twelve 
competitors  entered,  forming  a  very  showy  class.  1st, 
Mr.  Crump,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Hart. 

Twelve  Gladioli,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr.  Dobree  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Nation. 

Twelve  Roses,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr.  Evans,  gr.  to 
Captain  Christy,  who  staged  a  first-class  lot  of  blooms, 
equal  to  first  crop. 

Twelve  Asters,  incurved, — 1st,  Mr.  Nation  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Counter. 

Twelve  Asters,  leflexed. — 1st,  Mr.  Crump  j  2d, 
Lady  Bowring. 

Twelve  single  Pelargoniums,  distinct.  —  1st,  Mr.  Sol- 
mon,  gr.  to  W.  Dunsford,  Esq.  ;  2d,  Mr.  Sparks. 

Fruit  :  Open. 

Collection  of  ten  distinct  kinds. — 1st,  Mr.  Locke, 
with  a  very  nice  lot  of  fruit  indeed  ;  2d,  Mr.  Teed. 

Collection  of  six  distinct  kinds. — 1st,  Mr.  James, 
gr.  to  Sir  John  Waltond  ;  2d,  Mr.  Mairs,  gr.  to  Sir 
John  Shelley. 

One  Pine-apple. — ist,  Mr.  Bull,  gr.  to  Sir  Redvers 
Buller. 

Three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes. — 1st, 
Mr.  Stevens,  gr.  to  C.  D.  Case,  Esq.,  Ledbury 
Manor,  Sidmouth,  who  had  nice  bunches,  fine  in 
berry ;  2d,  Mr.  James,  whose  bunches  were  larger 
and  better  coloured,  but  small  in  berry. 

Three  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria, — 1st,  Mr. 
Stevens,  wilh  fine  examples ;  2d,  Mr.  Barnes,  gr.  to 
J.  C.  Daniels,  Esq.,  Stoodleigh  Court,  Tiverton. 

Three  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court  Grapes. — 1st, 
Mr.  W.  Langworthy,  gr.  to  G.  P.  Benmore,  Esq., 
Exmouth,  with  three  magnificent  bunches,  each  from 
4  to  6  lb.,  perfectly  finished  ;  2d,  Mr.  Pike,  gr.  to 
Rev.  Clarke,  Exmouth. 

Three  bunches  of  Alicante.  —  1st,  Mr.  Locke,  with 
first-class  fruit. 

Three  Foster's  Seedling. — Ist,  Mr.  Maris,  rather 
small  in  bunch  and  berry. 

Three  Buckland  Sweetwater.  —  Ist.  Mr.  Lang- 
worthy. 

Nine  Peaches. — Numerously  contested,  and  all 
splendid  examples.  1st,  Mr.  Marsh,  gr.  to  Sir  J. 
Freake,  Warfleet,  Dartmouth,  with  Sea  Eagle;  2d, 
Major  Porter. 

Nine  Nectarines. — Ist,  Mr.  Barnes,  very  fine  fruit ; 
2d,  Mr.  Geeson. 

Melon,   green  or  white  flesh.  — 1st,  Mr.   J,    Dane, 


Septsmber  4,  i8S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


313 


gr.  to  the  Rev.  T.  J.  Varde,  Chudleigh  ;  2d,  Mr. 
A.  Williams,  gr.  to  W.  C.  Leio,  Esq. 

Melon,  scarlet-flesh.  —  1st,  Mr.  J.  Elliot,  with 
Sutton's  Invincible,  the  best  Melon  staged  ;  2d,  Mr. 
G.  Hamilton. 

Nine  Apricots.  —  1st,  Mr.  Scammell,  gr.  to  \V.  Pope, 
Esq.  ;  2d,  Mr.  McMillan,  gr.  to  Sir  J.  Stuckley,  Bide- 
ford. 

Nine  Figs. — Mr.  Isaac,  gr.  to  B.  C.  Gidley,  Esq., 
Exeter. 

Nine  Pears.  —  1st,  Mr.  Lang,  gr. ,  to  Lord  Polti- 
more  ;  2d,  Mr.  Geeson. 

Nine  Apples,  dessert. — 1st,  Mr.  Geeson,  with 
Irish  Peach  ;  2d,  Mr.  Laogworthy. 

Nine  Apples,  culinary.  —  1st,  Mrs.  Rowe  ;  2d,  Mr. 
E.  A.  Sander,  both  showing  Lord  Suflield. 

Twelve  Plums,  yelllow  or  green.  —  1st,  Mr.  Mairs  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Lang. 

Twelve  Plums,  red  ot  purple. — 1st,  Rev.  P.  Wil- 
liams ;  2d,  Mr.  James. 

Vegetables  :  Opek. 

Collection  of  vegetables,  twelve  kinds,  exclusive  of 
red  Cabbage  and  salading. — ^ist  prize,  Veitch  Memo- 
rial Medal  and  ^5,  supplemented  by  a  2d  and  3 1  prize 
of  ;^3  and  £2,  by  the  Society. — 1st,  Mr.  Garland. 
This  was  indeed  a  superb  collection,  of  clean  growth, 
and  well  merited  the  award.  It  included  Nonpareil 
Cabbage,  Incomparable  Dwarf  White  Celery,  fine 
Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower,  Veitch's  Red  Globe  Tur- 
nip, New  Intermediate  Carrot  (Veitch's),  remarkably 
fine  ;  Girtford  Giant  Runner  Bean,  Sutton's  New 
Seedling  Potato,  Hathaway's  Excelsior  Tomato,  good ; 
Tender  and  True  Cucumber,  Duke  of  Albany  Peas, 
and  Giant  Rocca  Tripoli  Onion.  2d,  Mr.  Leach, 
who  also  staged  a  splendid  collection,  which  included 
International  Potato,  fine  ;  Hathaway's  Tomato, 
Duke  of  Albany  Peas,  Girtford  Giant  Runner  Bean, 
Sulham  Prize  Celery,  as  his  best  dishes. 

Collection  of  Vegetables,  twelve  kinds,  exclusive  of 
fed  Cabbage  and  salading.  Prize  o(  £^  51  ,  given 
by  Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co. — ^Here  again  Mr. 
Garland  distanced  all  other  competitors;  Mr.  Sparkes, 
an  old  prizeman,  coming  in  2d  with  a  capital  lot. 


READING    HORTICULTURAL  :    Aug.  25. 

The  Autumn  exhibition  took  place,  as  usual,  in 
the  Abbey  ruins,  the  approach  being  through  the 
Forbury  Gardens,  now  in  excellent  condition,  under 
the  management  of  Mr.  Phippen.  There  was  a 
decided  falling  olT  in  plants,  tjut  cut  flowers,  fruits, 
and  vegetables  were  very  strong  ;  still,  the  turf 
banks  in  the  Abbey  ruins  are  intended  for  plants, 
and  when  these  are  absent  there  is  an  inevitable 
appearance  of  nakedness. 

Flowering  Plants. 

The  only  exhibitor  of  nine  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants  was  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould,  of  Pewsey ;  the  only 
exhibitor  of  four  plants  Mr.  Armitage,  gr.  to  N. 
Cliike,  Esq.,  Reading. 

Mr.  Mould  had  the  best  specimen  plant,  a  good 
piece  of  Erica  Austiniana  ;  Mr.  Jennings,  gr.  to  J. 
Freeman,  Esq.,  Farnborough,  with  a  good  specimen 
of  Eucharis  amazonica. 

Mr.  Bright,  gr.  to  P.  Karslake,  Esq.,  White 
Knights,  Reading,  had  some  of  the  best  Fuchsias  we 
have  seen  at  Reading  for  some  time,  and  he  was  1st  in 
both  classes  for  four  plants. 

Balsams  were  fairly  good,  and  some  excellent 
Cockscombs  came  from  Mr.  Booker,  gr.  to  C.  Little- 
dale,  Esq.,  Twyford. 

Mr.  Hatch,  gr.  to  B.  L.  Stevens,  Esq  ,  Reading, 
bad  the  best  six  Liliums,  staging  well-grown  and 
bloomed  examples  of  varieties  of  L.  speciosum. 

Mr.  Dockerell,  gr.  to  W.  J.  Palmer,  Esq.,  was  ist, 
with  six  good  plants  of  tuberous- rooted  Begonias  ;  Mr. 
Summer,  gr.  to  J.  H.  Millard,  Esq  ,  Reading, 
being  2d, 

Foliage  Plants, 

Mr.  Mould  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  six  foliaged 
plants,  taking  the  ist  prize  with  a  very  creditable  lot. 

Mr.  Dockerill  had  (he  best  six  stove  and  green- 
house Ferns — small  but  well  grown  ;  Mr.  Mculd 
being  2d. 

Some  admirably  grown  Lycopodiums  came  from 
Mr.  Dockerill. 

Mr.  Mould  had  the  best  three  Palms,  Mr.  Phippen 
being  2d. 

Coleus  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  E.  Jones,  nursery- 
man, Henley-on-Thames,  and  Mr.  Best,  gr.  to  W. 
Cheete,  Esq. ,  The  Vyne,  Basingstoke. 

Bedding  Pelargoniums  of  the  variegated  section 
were  well  presented  by  Mr.  Sumner. 

Some  capital  table  plants  were  shown  by  Mr.  T. 
Lockie,  gr.  to  G.  O.  Fitzgerald,  Oakley  Court, 
Windsor ;  Mr,  Howe,  gr.  to  Sir  R.  Sutton,  Benham 
Park,  Newbury. 

Groups  arranged  for  Effect. 
On  this  occasion  Mr.  Phippen  was  placed  1st,  and 


Mr.  Sumner  2d,  but  both  fell  below  the  usual  average 
of  the  groups  seen  at  Reading. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  sent 
several  stands  of  excellent  Dahlias,  but  did  not  com- 
pete. The  best  eighteen  came  from  Mr.  John 
Walker,  nurseryman,  Thame  ;  Mr.  J.  Tranter, 
Upper  Assenden,  Henley-on-Thames,  being  2d,  an 
extra  prize  being  awarded  to  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons, 
Nurserymen,  Crawley. 

Mr.  Tranter  had  the  best  twelve  fancy  Dahlias  ; 
Mr.  John  Walker  being  2d. 

Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons  were  1st  with  a  very  fine 
stand  of  twelve  bunches  of  single  Dahlias,  Mr.  Jack- 
son, Kidderminster,  being  2d. 

Roses  were  in  good  form  for  the  sesson.  Mr.  T. 
W.  Girdlestone,  Sunningdale,  had  the  best  eighteen  ; 
Messrs.  Perkins  &  Son,  nurserymen,  Coventry,  being 
2d.  Mr.  Girdlestone  also  had  the  best  twelve  ;  Mr. 
Turton,  gr.  to  J.  Hargreaves,  Esq.,  Maiden  Erleigh, 
being  2d.  Mr.  J.  Walker  had  the  best  six  blooms  of 
any  one  variety,  staging  Marechal  Niel. 

Asters,  both  quilled  and  French,  were  numerous, 
and  very  fine,  Mr.  John  Walker  being  Ist  in  both 
classes  ;  the  Cockage  or  crown-flowered  varieties  were 
not  so  good,  and  scarcely  deserve  a  place  in  the 
schedule. 

Mr.  Owen,  nurseryman.  Maidenhead,  was  1st  with 
a  fine  lot  of  twelve  spikes  of  Gladiolus ;  Mr.  Jackson 
being  2d. 

Double  Zinnias  were  a  very  fine  feature  ;  the  best 
eighteen  came  from  Mr.  Benham,  Bagnor,  Newbury  ; 
Mr.  Walker  being  2d  ;  and  his  style  of  staging  is  cer- 
tainly to  be  preferred,  showing  also  about  4  inches  of 
stalk  with  leaves. 

Mr.  Jennings,  gr.  to  J.  Freeman,  Farnborough, 
had  the  best  eighteen  bunches  of  cut  flowers ;  Mr. 
Phippen  being  2d. 

Mr.  Booker  had  the  best  twelve  bunches,  Mr. 
Howe  being  2d. 

Table  Decorations,  &c. 

The  best  three  vases  for  a  dinner-table  came  from 
Messrs.  Phillips,  Reading,  exquisitely  arranged  ;  Miss 
Simonds,  Caversham,  being  2d. 

Messrs.  L.  Cole  &  Co.,  Reading,  had  the  best 
three  vases  of  wild  flowers  ;  Miss,  M.  Taylor,  Craven- 
hurst,  Reading,  being  2d. 

Messrs.  L.  Phillips  were  Ist  with  a  basket  of  sweet- 
scented  flowers ;  Messrs.  L.  Cole,  Reading,  being  2d. 

The  best  bridal  bouquet  came  from  Messrs.  Perkins 
&  Sons,  Coventry  ;  Mr.  Phippen,  Reading,  being  2d. 

The  former  had  the  best  three  button  hole  bouquets  ; 
Mr.  Phippen,  2d. 

Fruit. 

The  best  collection  of  eight  dishes  came  from  Mr. 
Goodman,  gr.  to  C.  Hammersley,  Esq  ,  Bourne 
End,  who  had  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria Grapes;  Dr.  Hogg  Peach,  Windsor  Pears, 
Humboldt  Nectarine,  Shepley  Apricot,  Victory  of 
Bristol  Melon,  and  Brown  Turkey  Figs — a  very  good 
lot  indeed  ;  2d,  Mr.  Ashby,  gr.  to  W.  Fanning,  E=q., 
Whitchurch  ;  Mr.  Howe,  Benham  Park,  being  3d. 

The  best  six  dishes  came  from  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards, 
the  Gardens,  Somerley,  Ringwood ;  Mr.  Lockie, 
Oakley  Court,  Windsor,  being  2d. 

The  best  three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh 
Grapes  came  from  Mr.  Bowerman,  gr.  to  C.  Hoare, 
Esq.,  East  Ilackwood  Park,  excellent  specimens; 
Mr.  Turton  was  2d  ;  and  W.  Ashby,  3d. 

Mr.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  Rose,  Bart., 
Raynor's,  Penn,  Bucks,  was  1st  in  the  class  for  any 
other  black  with  Madresfield  Court  ;  Mr.  Wells,  gr. 
to  R.  Ravenhill,  Esq.,  Winkfield,  being  2d  with 
Cooper's  Black. 

Mr.  Cakebread  had  the  best  three  bunches  of  While 
Muscat,  a  very  good  sample  indeed  ;  Mr.  Maher,  gr. 
to  A.  Waterhouse,  Esq.,  Yattenden,  being  2d. 

Mr.  R.  Kneller,  gr.  to  W.  S.  Tortal,  Esq  ,  Mal- 
shanger  Park,  Basingstoke,  was  Ist  with  any  other 
white,  staging  very  fine  Buckland  Sweetwater  ;  Mr. 
Wells  being  2d  with  the  same  variety. 

The  best  six  Peaches  were  Grosse  Mignonne,  from 
Mr.  Ashby  ;  Mr.  Best  being  2d  with  Red   Magdalen. 

Mr.  Cox,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Caledon  Alexander,  Calcot 
Park,  Reading,  had  the  best  six  Nectarines,  staging 
Victoria  ;  Mr.  Howe  being  2d,  with  Pine-apple. 

Apricots  were  finely  shown,  Mr.  Howe  having  the 
best. 

Figs  were  equally  good,  Mr.  Lockie  being  Ist. 

Mr.  Goodman  had  the  best  three  dishes  of  Plums, 
having  Jefferson's,  Washington,  and  Kirke's  ;  Mr. 
Palmer,  Thames  Ditton,  being  2d. 

Mr.  Turton  was  Ist  both  with  six  dishes  of  dessert 
and  culinary  Apples  ;  Mr.  Paxton,  gr.  to  the  Hon. 
C.  S.  Irby,  Taplow,  being  2d  with  dessert,  and  Mr. 
Howe  with  culinary. 

Mr.  Richards  had  the  best  four  dishes  of  Pears, 
Mr.  Paxton  being  2d. 

The  best  four  dishes  of  stewing  Pears  cams  from 
Mr.  Turton,  Mr.  Paxton  being  2d. 

A  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to 


Mr.  Mortimer,  Fareham,  for  twenty  fruits  of  Sutton's 
Imperial  green-flesh  Melon,  perfect  in  flavour. 

Vegetables. 

We  can  only  allude  to  these  briefly.  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Sons  offered  handsome  special  prizes  for  nine  dishes 
of  Potatos,  Mr.  Allen,  the  Gardens,  Ramsbury,  Hun- 
gerford,  being  1st  ;  Mr.  Pope,  High  Clere  Gardens, 
Newbury,  2d ;  and  Mr.  Ellott,  Braywick  Lodge, 
Maidenhead,  3d. 

Mr,  Allen  had  the  best  dish  of  Sutton's  Seedling 
Potato,  Mr.  Ellott  being  2d,  and  Mr.  Wells  3d. 

The  best  brace  of  Melons  came  from  Mr.  Lockie, 
who  had  Oakley  Hall  Seedling,  a  fine  green-fleshed 
variety  ;  Mr.  Howe  being  2d,  with  Blenheim  Orange. 

Mr.  Waite,  Esher,  had  the  best  collection  of  six 
kinds  of  vegetables,  Mr.  Kneller  being  2d,  and  Mr. 
Richards  3d.  The  whole  of  the  prizes  in  the  foregoing 
classes  were  offered  by  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Co.,  Stourbridge,  offered  special 
prizes  for  six  collections  of  vegetables,  Mr.  Lye,  the 
Gardens,  Sydmonton  Court,  Newbury,  being  ist, 
Mr.  Kneller  2d,  and  Mr.  Richards  3d. 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.,  Holborn,  offered  prizes  for 
the  best  brace  of  Model  Cucumber,  Mr.  Lockie  being 
Ist,  and  Mr.  Jennings  2d.  Also  for  the  best  brace  of 
Blenheim  Orange  Melon,  Mr.  Lockie  being  again  1st, 
and  Mr.  Goodman  2d. 

A  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  E.  Owen,  Maidenhead,  for  an  excellent  strain  of 
single  and  double  Begonias. 


HOUNSLOW    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 

The  first  exhibition  of  this  newly  established  Society 
took  place  on  Wednesday,  August  25,  in  the  grounds 
attached  to  the  Riding  School,  Whitton  Dene,  and 
great  praise  is  due  to  the  Society  for  the  highly 
satisfactory  issue  attending  this  exhibition,  the  ex- 
hibits, which  were  of  a  miscellaneous  and  magnificent 
character,  being  tastefully  arranged  in  several  marquees 
— the  collections  of  fruit  and  vegetables  proving  a 
continual  source  of  interest. 

A  special  feature  in  the  show  was  a  very  fine  non- 
competion  group  of  hardy  ornamental  trees  and 
shrubs  contributed  from  Messrs.  Charles  Lee  &  Sons' 
arboretum,  Isleworth,  unique  and  graceful  in  its 
arrangement.  Mr.  Webb,  their  manager,  may  be 
said  to  have  excelled  himself  on  this  occasion,  this 
being  one  of  the  best  groups  he  has  put  up  this 
season. 

STOKE-UPON-TRENT     HORTI- 
CULTURAL. 

The  fifth  show  of  the  above  Society  was  held  in 
the  Recreation  Ground,  Stoke,  on  August  26,  and 
was  but  poorly  attended.  Two  Veitch  Memorial 
Medals  were  oftered  on  this  occasion,  the  one  for  a 
group  of  foliage  and  flowering  plants  occupying 
150  square  feet,  the  other  for  a  group  of  Orchids 
covering  an  area  of  40  square  feet ;  in  addition  to  the 
medals  a  money  prize  of  £%  was  added  to  the  first- 
named.  There  were  only  three  competitors  for  these 
prizes,  and  only  one  of  these  figured  at  all  respectably, 
namely,  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  A.  Nicholson,  Esq.,  of 
Stoke,  who  was  awarded  the  Medal  for  a  group  con- 
taining some  well-grown  foliage  and  flowering  plants, 
the  other  groups  being  very  inferior.  The  Medal  and 
£^,  for  a  group  of  Orchids,  was  worthily  awarded  to 
Mr.  Stevens,  gr.  to  —  Thompson,  Esq.,  Walton, 
Stone,  who  showed  a  remarkably  fine  group  for  the 
season.  The  various  plants  were  tastefully  put  up, 
consisting  of  fine  forms  of  Odontoglossum  Alexandrae 
and  O.  Pescatorei,  Oocidium  macranthum  and  O. 
crispum,  Dendrobium  Dearei,  D.  Jamesianum,  several 
Masdevallias  and  Cypripediums,  and  the  lovely  pure 
white  Sobralia  virginalis,  bearing  two  good  flowers  ; 
and  various  other  Orchids.  This  was  the  only  com- 
petitor lor  these  prizes.  The  other  classes  were  for 
plants,  with  the  exception  of  that  for  the  groups 
covering  50  square  feet. 

The  miscellaneous  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
were  poorly  represented,  the  1st  prize  in  each  of  these 
sections  being  easily  secured  by  Mr.  Roberts,  of 
Highfield  House,  who  generally  shows  well,  the 
plants  exhibited  by  him  being  good  examples  of 
cultivation. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Roses  were  good  for  the  time  of  year,  but  not  so 
distinct  as  they  ought  to  have  been. 

Thirty-six  blooms  (open),— Messrs.  Sandy  &  Son, 
Stafi'ord,  were  1st,  followed  closely  by  Messrs.  Perkins 
&  Son,  Coventry. 

For  twenty-four  blooms  (amateurs),  Mr.  Tillensin 
was  1st,  and  for  twelve  blooms  Mr.  Pyatt  was  ist. 

Fruit. 
Grapes  were  only  fair.     For  three  bunches.  Black 
Hamburgh,    ist,  Mr.  Wilkes,  The  Hayes,  Stone,  for 
good  bunches ;  while  Mr.  Bola  secured  the  premier 


314 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(Septembbr  4,  1886. 


award  for  Muscats.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  were 
fair.  Some  nice  collections  of  fruit  were  shown,  Mr. 
Turner,  gr.  to  B.  Filzherbert,  Esq.,  being  1st  ;  Mr. 
Myatt,  gr.  to  W.  E.  Bowis,  Esq.,  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
Roberts,  of  Highfield,  3d. 

Vegetables. 

These  were  good  all  round,  entries  numerous,  and 

competition  strong.      1st,  for  collection,  Mr.  Turner, 

for  a  good  lot,  well  put  up  ;  2d  and  3d,  Mr.  J.  Wilkes 

and  Mr.  W.  Stevens,  in  the  order  named. 

Amateurs  and  Cottagers. 

The  exhibits  by  those  who  showed  in  the  classes 

devoted  to  these  were  highly  creditable,  especially 

the  vegetables,   many  examples   being   of  first-class 

merit.  A.  0. 


SANDY   AND    DISTRICT   FLORAL   AND 
HORTICULTURAL  :  August  27. 

This  was  the  eighteenth  annual  recurrence  of  one 
of  the  most  popular  exhibitions  held  in  Bedfordshire, 
and  it  took  place,  as  usual,  in  the  park  of  Sandy 
Place,  the  residence  of  J.  N.  Foster,  Esq.  It  is  a 
remarkable  show,  because  so  all-embracing.  The 
schedule  of  prizes  includes  so  many  subjects  that  have 
a  special  interest  for  country  residents,  that  something 
like  a  dozen  tents  are  required  to  accommodate  all, 
and  they  are  erected  in  the  form  of  an  immense  ring, 
with  the  band,  refreshment  tents,  &c.,  in  the  centre. 
In  addition  to  plants,  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables 
prizes  are  offered  for  the  special  produce  of  market 
gardeners  and  farmers,  the  latter  showing  roots, 
white  Wheat  in  bushels,  and  ears  of  Wheat,  Barley, 
and  Oats.  Then  there  are  prizes  for  honey,  needle 
and  ornamental  work,  stuffed  animals,  butter,  eggs, 
trussed  fowls,  cage  birds,  poultry,  pigeons,  rabbits, 
&c.  It  is  perhaps  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  the 
country  people  attend  this  show  in  such  large  numbers, 
for  there  are  local  committees  in  all  the  surrounding 
villages.  The  acting  secretary  is  Mr.  William  Green, 
who  has  filled  this  office  for  several  years  past,  and 
who  works  very  hard  to  make  the  annual  exhibition 
a  success. 

Plants. 

The  plant  tent  is  the  leading  feature  of  the  Sandy 
show.  On  this  occasion  there  were  five  collections 
of  ten  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower  com- 
peting for  the  handsome  prizes  in  the  division  open  to 
all.  The  1st  fell  to  the  lot  of  Mr.  W.  French,  gr. 
to  j.  Marriott,  Esq.,  Cambridge,  who  had  a  nice 
fresh  lot  of  plants,  the  leading  ones  being  Alia- 
manda  nobilis  and  A.  Hendersoni,  a  fine  Lapageria 
rosea,  Ixora  javanica  fioribunda  and  I.  amabilis, 
Stephanotis  fioribunda,  Dipladenia  amabilis,  Bou- 
gainvillea  glabra,  &c.  2d,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  nursery- 
man, Cheltenham,  who  had  a  fine  Phcenocoma  pro- 
lifera  Barnesi,  and  the  splendid  Ixora  Duflii  that 
made  such  a  sensation  in  the  West  of  England,  but  in 
the  company  of  others  of  a  stale  character,  which 
detracted  from  their  value  ;  a  good  Erica  Aitoniana 
TurnbuUi,  &c.  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould,  nurseryman, 
Pewsey,  was  3d. 

Mr.  G.  Redman,  gr.  to  J.  II.  Goodgames,  Esq., 
Eynesbury,  St.  Neots,  was  1st  with  six  foliage  plants, 
Mr.  G.  Clayden,  gr.  to  J.  Astell,  Esq.,  Woodbury 
Hall,  Sandy,  being  2d  ;  in  both  cases  rather  small  in 
size,  but  fresh  and  well  grown. 

isir.  Clayden  had  the  best  six  stove  and  greenhouse 
Ferns,  staging  fine  examples  of  the  following  Adian- 
turns  :  —  F"ar!eyense,  cuneatum,  gracillimum,  and 
concinnum  ;  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla,  and  Blech- 
cum  corcovadense  ;  2d,  name  not  given,  but  with  five 
well  grown  Adiantums  and  Platyceriura  alcicorne. 

Fuchsias  were  good,  so  were  Coleus  ;  all  fresh 
and  nicely  grown  ;  and  there  were  some  capital 
tuberous-rooted  Begonias,  Mr.  W.  Apethorpe,  Cam- 
bridge, being  1st,  with  a  very  good  lot ;  Mr.  Brown, 
of  Cambridge,  being  2d. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  in  12's  and  also  in  6's,  and 
nosegay  and  variegated,  also  in  6's,  were  all  good, 
and  made  an  excellent  display.  Achimenes  were  very 
nice  also.  In  fact,  the  quality  and  varieties  of  the 
plants  shown  deserve  a  fuller  report  than  we  are  able 
to  give  them. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  were  one  of  the  showy  points  of  an  exhibi- 
tion good  in  all  its  parts.  In  the  open-to-all  class 
for  forty-eight  cut  Roses  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old 
Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  were  1st,  with  a  remarkably 
good  lot  for  the  season  of  the  year,  the  best  varieties 
being  J^an  Ducher,  A.  K.  Williams,  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,  Madame  Berard,  La  France,  Marechal 
Niel,  UlrirS  Brunner,  Pierre  Notting,  Star  of  Wal- 
tham,  Ella  Girdon,  and  Marie  Baumann  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
J.  Burrell  &  C-.,  Howe  HiU  Nurseries,  Cambridge. 

E.  B.  Lindsell,  Esq.,  liitchin,  had  the  best  twenty- 
four  varieties,  a  fairly  good  lot  ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  King, 
Madely,  Cambridge,  being  2d. 

A  splendid  lot  of  twenty-four  spikes  of  Gladioli 
was  shown  by  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  remarkable 
for  the  massiveness  of  the  flowers  and  high  quality  of 


the    varieties ;    Mr.    E.    T.    Atherton,    Cambridge, 
was  2d, 

Mr.  Ilenry  Glasscock,  Bishops  Stortford,  a  well- 
known  Hertfordshire  amateur,  was  1st,  with  an  excel- 
lent lot  of  twenty-four  Dahlias,  including  fine  blooms 
of  William  Rawlings,  F.  J.  Saltmarsh,  Harry  Turner 
Joseph  Ashby,  Flag  of  Truce,  Mrs.  W.  Slack,  Shirley 
Hibberd,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  James  Cocker,  Hon.  W. 
P.  Wyndham,  Mr.  G.  Harris,  Countess  of  Ravens- 
worth,  James  Service,  Miss  Cannell,  Mrs.  Douglas, 
Ethel  Britton,  John  Hcnshaw,  Joseph  Green,  Acme 
of  Perfection,  cS:c.  2d,  Mr.  W.  Peterfield,  gr.  to  A.  J. 
Thornhill,  Esq.,  Diddington,  Huntingdon. 

Mr,  W.  Apethorpe  had  the  best  twelve  show 
varieties ;  the  Rev.  E.  L.  Fellowes,  Wimpole  Rectory, 
Royston,  being  2d. 

Mr.  Glasscock  had  the  best  six  fancy  varieties, 
having  good  blooms  of  Wizard,  Professor  Fawcett, 
Flora  Wyatt,  Mandarin,  Duchess  of  Albany,  and 
Miss  Browning  ;  2d,  Mr.  Petfield. 

Single  Dahlias  being  shown  as  single  blooms  made 
but  an  indifferent  display. 

Mr.  W.  French  had  the  best  lot  of  twelve  cut 
flowers,  showing  a  capital  lot  ;  Mr.  Redman  being  2d. 

Outdoor  flowers  in  bunches  ot  twelve  were  a  striking 
feature,  but  the  stands  were  in  almost  every  case  too 
small  to  show  them  off  with  advantage.  African 
Marigolds  were  of  very  fine  quality,  and  the  French 
varieties  were  much  finer  than  are  usually  seen.  All 
the  classes  of  Asters  were  good.  Pentstemons  and 
Phloxes  very  good. 

Fruit. 

There  was  a  very  good  show  of  fruit,  and  especially 
of  the  hardy  varieties.  The  best  collection  of  eight 
dishes  came  from  Mr.  Tilbrook,  gr.  to  B.  Brown, 
Esq.,  St.  Neots,  who  had  Black  Hamburgh  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandra  Grapes  ;  Lord  Napier  Nectarine, 
Moor  Park  Apricots,  Jefferson  Plums,  Melon,  and 
Kerry  Pippin  Apples ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Aldis,  Old 
Warden  Park. 

Mr.  W.  Murfin,  Great  Haughton,  had  the  best  six 
dishes. 

Mr.  G.  Warbui-y,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Medland,  St.  Neots, 
had  the  best  two  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh 
Grapes  ;  the  name  of  the  2d  prize  winner  was  not 
given. 

Mr.  Jos.  Topham,  the  Gardens,  Thorney  Park, 
Peterborough,  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  any  other 
black,  staging  Gros  Maroc,  and  the  same  variety  was 
2d  :  name  of  exhibitor  not  given. 

Mr.  G.  D.  White,  gr.  to  Captain  Stanley,  Long- 
stowe  Hall,  Cambridge,  had  the  best  two  bunches  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes. 

Mr.  G.  fi.  Ablis  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  any 
other  white,  staging  Buckland  Sweetwater  ;  Mr.  Pet- 
field  being  2d  with  Golden  Champion. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  good  for  outdoor- 
grown  fruit. 

Plums  were  largely  shown  :  the  leading  dessert 
sorts  were  Green  Gage,  Jefferson's,  Transparent  Gage, 
and  Prince  Englebert.  The  leading  culinary  varie- 
ties were  Diamond,  Victoria,  and  Yellow  Magnum 
Bonum. 

Dessert  Apples  were  good,  the  leading  ones  Red 
Astrachao,  Irish  Peach,  and  Juneating. 

Kitchen  Apples  were  very  fine  indeed  ;  the  best 
Lord  Derby,  Lord  Suflield,  and  Hawthornden. 

The  best  dessert  Pears  were  Bon  Chretien,  Jar- 
gonelle, and  Windsor. 

Morello  Cherries  were  both  numerous  and  fine  ;  so 
were  red,  black,  and  white  Currants.  But  it  would 
occupy  a  great  space  to  give  details  of  the  competi- 
tions in  these  classes. 

Vegetables, 

These  were  an  astonishing  feature — so  numerous 
and  fine,  but  the  show  was  taking  place  in  the  midst 
of  one  of  the  great  market  gardening  districts  of 
England.  The  best  collection  of  twelve  varieties 
came  from  Mr.  H.  Bourne,  Huntingdon  Road,  Cam- 
bridge, who  had  Cauliflower,  Globe  Artichokes, 
Potatos,  Celery,  Peas,  Scarlet  Runners,  Tomatos, 
Cucumber?,  &c.;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Ellis,  Bedford. 

Mr.  W.  Ridgewell,  Cambridge,  had  the  best  col- 
lection of  six  varieties. 

The  best  collection  of  six  dishes  of  Potatos  came 
from  Mr.  H.  Ridgewell,  who  had  Gladstone,  white 
round  ;  Adirondack  and  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Chan- 
cellor, Beauty  of  Hebron,  and  Mr.  Bresee.  2d,  the 
Rev,  J.  D.  Hawkesley.  The  Chaplaincy,  Baldock, 
having  Lady  Truscott,  Queen  of  the  Valley,  Reading 
Russet,  Victor,  Salmon  Kidney,  and  International. 
All  other  vegetables  were  numerous  and  of  the  best 
quality. 

The  display  of  produce  by  market  gardeners  and 
farmers,  by  housewives  and  children,  was  all  of  a  very 
interesting  character,  and  it  is  satisfactory  to  know 
there  was  a  large  attendance  of  visitors. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Tottenham,  staged,  not  for  com- 
petition, five  boxes  of  cut  Dahlias,  single,  pompon, 
and  Cactus  types — a  very  fine  lot  indeed,  the  single 
flowers  including  a  few  that  were  new,  and  of  excel- 
lent quality.  This  contribution  was  very  Highly 
Commended. 


RYDE    HORTICULTURAL. 

The  second  horticultural  show  (confined  to  growers 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight),  under  the  auspices  of  the  Ryde 
Sports  and  Amusements  Association,  was  held  in 
the  beautiful  grounds  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  College,  on 
Thursday,  August  29,  and  was  even  more  successful 
than  last  year,  the  open  classes  attracted  exhibitors 
from  all  parts  of  the  island,  and  the  result  was  an  ex- 
cellent and  varied  show,  and  a  good  attendance  of  visit- 
ors. A  charming  day  enabled  the  visitors  thoroughly 
to  enjoy  the  floral  beauties  in  the  tents,  and  the 
walks  in  the  beautiful  grounds,  which  are  kept  in  ex- 
cellent order.  The  show  was  opened  by  the  Mayor, 
Alderman  Barron,  who  was  supported  by  Professor 
Simonds,  the  chairman  of  the  committee,  J.  O. 
Brook,  Esq.,  W.  Gibbs,  Esq.,  and  the  popular 
secretary,  Mr.  J.  Eley. 

Tent  No.  i  contained  the  Bowers,  open  to  the 
island.  A  most  striking  feature  here  was  the  various 
collections  of  six  splendid  baskets  of  cut  flowers, 
which  have  not  been  equalled  at  any  show  this  season, 
the  competition  being  a  very  close  one. 

The  prizes  were  awarded  to  Mr.  Rayner,  Grove 
House,  Shanklin,  1st  ;  Mr.  J.  Attrill,  2d  ;  Mr.  H. 
Butcher  and  Mr.  H.  Tolly,  equal  3d. 

Gladioli  were  well  shown  :  Mr,  Attrill  was  1st, 
Mr.  G.  Spragg  2d. 

Dahlias  very  good,  Mr.  W.  Matthews,  1st ;  Mr. 
J.  Flux,  2d  ;  Mr.  J.  Tilden,  3d. 

Single  Dahlias  formed  a  pretty  show :  Mr.  H. 
Butcher,  1st;  Mr.  J.  Flux,  2d. 

The  cut  Roses  were  rather  below  average — Mr.  E. 
Williams,  nurseryman,  Ryde,  1st;  Mr.  E.  Park,  2d. 

Zinnias  and  Marigolds  very  good. 

Hand  bouquets  were  very  pretty,  and  in  good  taste. 
Mr.  Banting,  florist,  Shanklin,  1st ;  Mr.  E.  Brading, 
2d  ;  Miss  Cue,  3d. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums,  twenty-four  distinct,  were 
shown  well  by  Mr,  James,  florist,  Ryde,  who  was 
1st. 

Tent  No,  2  was  devoted  to  specimen  plants  and 
groups,  table  plants.  Ferns,  &c..  Begonias,  Balsams, 
Cockscombs,  Coleus,  Lilies,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  &c 
— Mr.  James  carrying  off  the  1st  prize,  a  special  prize 
for  the  group,  presented  by  Professor  Simonds. 

Tent  No.  3  was  devoted  to  fruit  and  vegetables, 
Mr.  J.  Mair  being  the  principal  prize-taker  in  fruit, 
and  Mr.  Piouchon,  Banting  Barrow  in  vegetables. 

Special  prizes,  presented  by  Mrs.  Gibbs,  for  three 
lady's  sprays— Mr.  J.  Dale,  1st  ;  Mr,  J.  Banting,  2d. 

Special  prize,  model  garden,  13.  Barron,  Esq.,  1st  ; 
Mr.  G.  Spragg,  2d  ;  Mr.  J.  Burt  and  Mr.  C.  Price, 
equal  3d. 

Messrs.  W.  &  G.  Drover,  florists,  Fareharo,  ex- 
hibited some  splendid  bouquets  and  lady's  sprays,  not 
for  competition.    Corresponiknt. 


STA  TE  OF  THE  WEA  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  September  i,  188&. 


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26 

»),»}   -t-0.0474  3'S3  s'5I>-S63.6+  32|S4.6 

73 

»7 

29.98  ,-1-0.13  76.5^55  SsiO:65.3j-(-  50,59.3 

81 

S.W.    0.00 

!8, 

2Q93   -|-0.07|7S9Js7.s]i8.4[«>.>|-|-  S.gjsS.? 

78 

S.S.W.  0.00 

=9 

2986-0.0. 

78.3 

SI  0 

27.3 

63  3-1-  3.25s  8 

77 

S.S.W.  0.00 

30 

29,86  -0.01 

85.5 

54.0 

315 

723-1-12.335.0 

54 

S.S.W. 

0.00 

slW 

2988 

0.00 

36.5 

59  6 

26.9 

72.4 

-I-12661.C 

67 

S.S.W. 

0.02 

29,93 

-(-0,05 

83-5 

59  0 

2<  5 

71  9 

-^.2.56-.2 

(8 

S.W. 

000 

Mem 

2990 

+0.04 

So.l 

55 -8 

»4-3 

67.S 

+078  57  9 

7" 

S.SW.: 
S.W. 

0.C0 

Aug.  26. — Fine,  but  dull  till  i  p.m.  ;  fine  afternoon, 

—  27. — Fine  day  throughout. 

—  28. — A  fine  warm  day. 

—  29. — A  very  fine  day. 

—  30. — A  fine  warm  day  throughout. 

—  31. — Fine  and  very  warm  ;  deep  blue  sky. 
Sept.   1. — Fine  and  very  warm  day. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  August  28,  the  reading  of  the  barometer 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.03  inches 
at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.07  inches  hy  the 


Septbmbbs.  4>  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


315 


morning  of  the  22nd,  decreased  to  29.99  inches  on 
the  same  day,  increased  to  30.06  inches  by  the  after- 
noon of  the  23d,  decreased  to  29.93  inches  by  5  P.M. 
on  the  24th,  increased  to  30.17  inches  by  9  A.M.  on 
the  27th,  and  was  30.05  inches  at  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.06  inches,  being  0.05 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.38  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  76°.  5  on  the  27th  ;  the  highest 
on  the  23d  was  70°.;.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  74''2. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  53°.  5  on 
the  26th  ;  the  lowest  on  the  2Sth  was  57°5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  55°.  7. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
21°  on  the  27th  ;  the  smallest  was  IS°.5  on  the  23d. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  i8°.5. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  64°.  2  on  the 
22nd  ;  6i°.6  on  the  23d  ;  64°.8  on  the  24th  ;  63°.4 
on  the  25th ;  63°.6  on  the  25th ;  65°.3  on  the 
27th ;  and  66°. i  on  the  28lh.  These  were  all  above 
their  averages  by  3°.5,  o°.9,  2°.9,  3°.2,  5°,  and  s°.9 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  64°.!, 
being  4°.9  higher  than  last  week,  and  3°.  7  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  133°  on  the  28th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  I2i°.2. 

Rain  :  none  fell  during  the  week. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  28,  the  highest  temperatures  were  79° 
at  Cambridge  and  Hull,  77°  at  Truro  and  Sheffield  ; 
the  highest  at  Preston  was  70°,  at  Plymotuh  72°, 
and  at  Bristol,  73°.     The  general  mean  was  74°.9. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Wolverhampton 
45°.8,  at  Sunderland,  47°,  and  at  Truro  and  Bristol 
49°;  the  lowest  at  Liverpool  was  SS^-j-  ^t  Leeds 
and  Preston  54°.     The  general  mean  was  5l°.3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Tiuro  and  Hull  28°, 
and  at  Wolverhampton  27°.  6  ;  the  least  ranges  were 
16°  at  Preston,  1 8'.  7  at  Liverpool,  and  19°  at  Ply- 
mouth.    The  general  mean  was  23°.  6. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  76°.  I,  at  Blackheath  74°.2,  and 
at  Truro  72^.3  ;  and  lowest  at  Sunderland  66°.  7,  at 
Preston  67°,S,  and  at  Bradford  and  Newcastle  68. °i. 
The  general  mean  was  70°.  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Liverpool,  57°'2,  at  Plymouth,  57°,  and 
at  Preston  56°,  8  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Sunderland, 
50°.7,  at  Wolverhampton  52°.2,  and  at  Hull  53°.!, 
The  general  mean  was  55°  4- 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
2I°.3,  at  Blackheath  l8°-5  and  at  Hull  I7°.6  ;  and 
was  least  at  Preston  11°,  at  Liverpool  11°. 9,  and  at 
Plymouth  12°.  I.     The  general  mean  was  15°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath 
64°,!,  at  Cambridge  63°. 9,  and  at  Leeds  63°;  and 
was  lowest  at  Sunderland  57°.  I,  at  Wolverhampton 
59°.  I,  and  at  Newcastle  60°.  I.  The  general  mean 
was  61°. 4. 

Rain, — The  largest  falls  were  at  Bradford  OP.  7 
inch,  at  Wolverhampton  0  06  inch,  and  at  Pre,tu.i 
004 ;  no  rain  fell  at  several  stations.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0  02  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing August  2Sth,  the  highest  temperature  was  74°.  I 
at  Leith  ;  the  highest  at  Perth  was  67°.5.  The 
general  mean  was  70°.  8. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  42°  at 
Aberdeen  ;  the  lowest  at  Leith  was  49°-3-  The 
general  mean  was  46°.  i 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith,  59°.  5  ; 
and  lowest  at  Perth,  57°.4-     The  general  mean  was 

58°- 5- 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  08  inch  at  Greenock, 
and  the  smallest  was  0.09  inch  at  Leith.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.22  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Mr.  Bernkrs. — We  have  to  regret  the  decease  of 
Mr.  Berners,  of  Woolverstone  Park,  Ipswich,  at  the 
ripe  age  of  86.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  horticulturist, 
and  carried  out  many  improvements  at  Woolverstone, 
where  our  well-known  correspondent  Mr.  J,  Sheppard 
has  been  gardener  for  many  years. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Book  on  Shrubs,  Trees,  &c.  :  D.  B.  if  T.  J. 
Grigor's  Arboriculture. 

Books  :  J.  J.  S.  R.  Certainly,  you  should  get  the 
fourth  edition  ;  the  third  is  nearly  ten  years  old.  Van 
Tieghem's  TraM  can  be  had  from  Messrs.  Wil- 
liams &  Norgate,  or  other  foreign  bookseller. 

Caterpillar  ;  W.  F.  The  caterpillar  of  the  Lime 
Hawk-moth. 

Cattleya  granulosa  :  F.  G.  T.  A  large  flower  of 
this  seldom  seen  Guatemalan  species.  The  spotting 
on  the  sepals  and  petals  is  not  so  profuse  as  in  some 
others  we  have  seen. 

Fungus  :  E.  C.  The  examples  reached  us  in  bad  con- 
dition, and  imperfect  as  regards  the  stem.  For  the 
names  of  fungi  young,  sound,  and  perfect  examples 
must  always  be  sent.  Your  specimens  do  not  appear 
to  belong  to  the  edible  series.  W.  G.  S. —  F.  The 
fungus  is  the  common  Stink  Horn  (Phallus  impu- 
dicus).  Try  a  strong  solution  of  carbolic  acid,  if  you 
can  do  so  without  hurting  other  vegetation. 

Fungus  from  Roof  of  Cellar  ;  B.'  B.  IV.  The 
fungus  of  dry-rot  (Merulius  lacrymans)  in  its  most 
dangerous  state,  actively  vegetating  and  full  of  spores. 
W.  G.  S. 

Gall  on  Oak  :  H.  N.  E.     The  Artichoke  Gall. 

Ginger-Beer  Plant  ;  Constant  Subscriber.  See  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle,  vol.  xxi.,  p.  542,  April  26  ;  and  vol. 
xxi.,  p.  748,  June  7.  The  articles  are  too  lengthy  for 
us  to  republish  again,  after  so  short  an  interval. 

Larva  and  Caterpillar  :  W.  M.  P.  b"  Co.  The 
larva  is  that  of  the  Privet  Hawk  Moth  (Sphinx  ligustri)  ; 
the  caterpillars  those  of  the  Goat  Moth  (Cossus  ligni- 
perda).  Trees  infested  with  these  moths  should  have 
the  bark  smeared  with  clay  and  cow-dung,  to  prevent 
the  moth  laying  her  eggs  in  the  bark.  The  reddish 
chrysahds  should  be  sought  for  in  June  and  early  in 
July,  when  they  will  be  found  at  the  entrances  to  their 
burrows. 

Mushrooms  :  R.  IV.  P.  The  Mushrooms  sent  repre- 
sent a  worthless  variety  of  the  "  Horse  Mushroom  " 
(Agaricus  arvensis).  Sometimes  the  "Horse  Mush- 
room "  is  very  indigestible,  and  as  you  confess  your 
examples  to  be  both  "tough"  and  "very  tasteless," 
why  trouble  about  the  safety  or  otherwise  of  eating 
them,  especially  as  they  grow  with  you  in  such  a  vile 
position  ?    IV.  G.  S. 

Names  of  Fruit  ;  Geo.  Dyke.  Apples :  Nos.  i  and  4, 
identical,  not  half  grown  or  developed — send  later  on  ; 
2.  Brownlees'  Russet ;  3,  Calville  St.  Sauveur  ;  5, 
Royal  Codlin  ;  6,  probably  Gloria  Mundi  —  not  suffi- 
ciently developed. 

Names  of  Plants  :  A'.  L.  Shrub,  Viburnum  Lantana. 
—  Beech  Hill.  'Agrimonia  Eupatorium. — E.  I'.  B. 
The  Bee  Nettle  (Galeopsis  versicolor),  and  Mimulus 
luteus— the  latter  not  a  born  Scot,  but  an  introduc- 
tion from  North  America.— (;.  &■  J.  L.  1,  Pavia 
macrostachya  ;  2,  Trifolium  repens,  variety  ;  3,  Aristo- 
lochia  Cleniatitis  ;  4,  Helianthus  decapetalus  ;  5,  not 
recognised  ;  6,  Artemisia  maritima  ;  7,  ^gopodium 
Podagraria  with  variegated  leaves  ;  8,  Abutilon  mega- 

potamicum -IK    6-  5.      r,    2,    and  4,    Helianthus 

rigidus  ;  3,  H.  decapetalus.— C.  P.,  Abin^er.  Ascle- 
pias  purpurascens.— ^.  S.  Sidalcea  oregana,  small- 
flowered  form. — 7.  T.  S.  r,  the  double  Pomegranate  ; 
2,  Diplacus  glutmosus. — H.  J.,  Norwich.  Hemero- 
callis  flava,  with  double  flowers. — A.  Chalmers.  On- 
cidium  Schillerianum  and  Stanhopeaaurea.— y.  D.  D. 
Miltonia  spectabile. — Colonel  Berkeley.  Dendrobium 
Brymerianum. 

Pear  Leaves  :  J.  W.  The  larva  of  the  Pear  Sawfly. 
Dust  with  quicklime,  or  syringe  with  paraffin  emulsion. 
Scrape  off  the  surface  soil  and  bum  it  with  the  garden 
rubbish  to  destroy  the  chrysaUs. 

Peas  :  W.  G.  Holmes.  Of  the  various  sorts  of  Peas 
forwarded  to  this  office  all  were,  with  two  exceptions, 
too  old  for  good  cooking  examples  ;  and  with  the  ex- 
ception ol  St.  Dulhus — of  which  a  plant  was  sent 
bearing  43  pods,  with  about  360  Peas  in  all,  an  aver- 
age which  can  scarcely  be  excelled— the  others  ap- 
peared to  be  selected  pods.  This  latter  method  of 
sending  Peas  for  an  opinion  is  very  unsatisfactory,  as 
it  is  impossible  to  infer  anything  from  the  pods  as  to 
the  cropping  qualities,  either  as  to  quantity  or  the 
successional  formation  of  pods.  British  Lion,  cooked 
of  a  good  colour,  was  a  large  seed,  wanted  sweetness. 
John  Bull  was  too  old,  therefore  it  boiled  of  a  light 
"colour  :  it  was  rather  sweeter  than  the  first  named. 
Duke  of  Albany,  very  large  seed  ;  cooked  of  a  good 
colour ;  was  not  sweet.  St.  Duthus,  large  seed  ; 
colour  dark  green  ;  sweet  in  flavour.  Alfred  the 
Great  was  too  old  ;  colour  good  ;  not  sweet.  Pro- 
gress, not  sweet-flavoured  ;  the  younger  seeds  were  of 
a  good  dark  green  colour.  Evolution  (t)  averaged 
ro  seeds  in  a  pot ;  colour  good  ;  flavour  wanting 
sweetness  ;  this  kind  has  curved  pods.  Evolution  (2) 
averaged  8  seeds  in  a  pod  ;  colour  good  ;  rather 
sweeter  than  No.  I  :  the  pods  of  this  kind  are 
slightly  hooked  at  the  end,  otherwise  they  are 
straight.  Duke  of  Connaught  had  the  lowest  average 
(5')  of  Peas  in  a  pod,  was  not  sweet,  and  the  colour 
was  light  in  consequence  of  the  pods  having  been  too 
old.  The  average  number  of  seeds  in  a  pod  of  the 
kinds  not  specially  mentioned  above  was  7. 

Young  Gardener  Emigrant  :  C.  J.  D.  If  you 
would  turn  your  hand  to  anything  that  offers  on 
arrival,  and  not  stay  idling  about  in  the  port  of  arrival. 


you  would  obtain  a  knowledge  of  the  country  and  its 
people  that  would  be  of  inestimable  advantage  to  you 
when  you  should  at  length  decide  on  the  line  you 
would  definitely  adopt.  Journeymen  gardeners,  and, 
indeed,  few  other  gardeners,  are  wanted  in  any  but 
the  oldest  colonies. 
Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —  Letters 
relating  to  ADVERTISEMENTS,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Smith  &  Simons,  36  to  38,  Howard  Street,  Glasgow- 
Bulbs. 

W.  LOVEL  &  Son,  Driffield— Strawberries. 

J.  Meredith,  Warrington — Bulbs. 

Central  Society,  Frauendorf,  Velshofen,  Lower  Ba- 
varia— Strawberries. 

W.  Smith  &  Son,  18.  Market  Street,  Aberdeen— Bulbs. 

W.  Page  &  Sons,  Waltham  Cross- Bulbs. 

B.  Gilbert,  Dyke-Bourne,  Lincolnshire— Bulbs,  Plants, 
&c. 

P,  Barr  &  Son,  12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 
—Daffodils. 

T.  Kennedy  &  Co.,  Dumfries— Select  Bulbs. 

R.  Cleaver,  Lichfield— Seeds,  Bulbs,  and  Sundries. 

Viccars,  Collyer  &  Co.,  Leicester— General  Autumn 
Catalogue. 

W.  Strike,  Stockton-on-Tees— Bulbs,  &e. 

W.  Bull,  New  Plant  Merchant,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea— Bulbs,  Tubers. 

Carter  &  Co.,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  London 
—  Flowering  Bulbs,  &c. 

Robert  Veitch  &  Sons,  54.  High  Street  Exeter- 
Flower  Roots,  &c. 

Fisher,  Son  &  Sibray,  4,  Market  Street,  Sheflneld— 
Dutch  Flower  Roots,  &c. 


Communications  Received  -.-J.  T.  B.— H.  W.  W.-R.  D. 
'—A.  D.— I    B  — M.  S.— W.  G.  S.-E.  V.  B.— Jules dc  Cock 

— M.   F.— J.  T.  D.  L.-W.  S.-H.  E.,  Ryde-J.  A.— J.  D. 

— H   M.— A.  D.  W.— J.  Anderson.— T.  B.— H.  M.— Dickson 

&  Co.  -  J.  B.— G.  B.— Webb  &  Sons. 


larkts. 


COVENT    GARDEN,    September   2. 

[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day.  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Market  very  quiet,  with  large  supplies  of  hard  fruit. 
Heavy  consignments  from  Channel  Islands.  James 
Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


\  Pots.— Average  Wholbsalk  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-iS  o 
Balsams,  per  dozen  30-60 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  o-ia  o 


Cockscombs,     dozen  3 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dractena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  30  0-60  O 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  o-i3  o 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  o-i8  o 


Foliage  Plants,  varl- 

Fuchsias,  dozen  ..  3  c 
Gladioli,  12  pots  ..  6  <: 
Hydrangeas,  doz.  ..6  c 
Lilies,  invar.,  doz.  ..12  c 
Lobelias,  per  dozen  3  c 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  < 

MjTtles,  per  dozen..  6  1 

Palms  in  var.,  each  2  1 

Pelargoniums,      doz.  6  < 

—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  < 

Petunias,  dozen       . .  2  < 

Rhodanthes,  dozen . .  6  < 


.  d.  5.  d. 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholksalk  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  izblms.  4  ( 
Asters,  12  blooms  ..  o  : 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  ( 
Carnations,  12  bun.  3  c 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  1  ( 


Eucharis,    per  dozen  3 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  2 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2 
Gladioli,  12  sprays.,  i 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o 
Lapageria.red.  i2bL  i 
Lavender,  12  bun.  ..  3 
Lilium    longiflorum, 


Marguerites,    per    12 

bunches     ..  ..30- 

Mignonette,  12  bun.     i  o- 

Pansies,   12  buuclies  i  o- 

Pelargoniums,  psr  12 

trusses        ..  ..09- 

—  scarlet,  12  trasses  o  3- 
PjTethrums,  12  bun.  2  o- 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6  o- 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o  g- 

—  red,  per  dozen  ..09- 

—  outdoor,  12  bun.  2  o- 
Stephanotis,  12  spys.  i  6- 
Sweet  Peas,  I3  bun.  i  6- 
Sweet  Sultan,  labun.  3  o- 
Tropffiolums,  12  bun.  : 


Tubei 


Vegetables.— AvERAGS  Retail  Prices. 

J.  d  s.  d. 


Beani.,  Kidney,  lb...  o  4-  .. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  o-  2  ■ 
Carrots,  per  bunch..   06-.. 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..    1  6-  2  < 
Cucumbers,  each    ..  o  6-  1  1 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Herbs,  per  bunch 
Leeks,  per  bunch 
Lettuce,  per  dozen 

.  Kent  Regents,  Sof.  t 
Beauty  of  Hebron, 


.  4-  .. 


Mint,  green,  bunch  04-.. 
Mushrooms,  punnet  i  6-  2  ( 
MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-.. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..  4  o-  5  < 
„  kidney,  per  cwt  40-5' 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-01 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  05-.. 
ips.  bunch 


Ve£. 


Potatos ; 


Mar.,  each..  03-.. 
r; ;    Schoolmaster*.  70s. 


3i6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(September  4,  1886, 


Fruit. — Averags  Wholesale  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 

Apples,  K-slevc  ..  I  6-  3  ( 
Figs,  per  dozen  . .  o  6-  i  < 
Grapes,  per  lb.  . .  o  6-  2  < 
Kent  Filberts,  per  lb.  08-  .. 
Lemons,  per  case  ..18  0-36  c 
Melons,  each  ..   i  o-  2  < 


Peaches,  per  dozen...  2  o-  6  < 
Pears,  per  dozen  . .  10-11 
Pine-apples, Eng.,  lb.  20-^1 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  6-  S  ( 
Plums,  5^.sievc      ..    i  o-  2  ( 


SEEDS, 

London  :  September  i.— MesErs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  write  that 
in  the  continued  absence  of  rain  the  sowing  demand  for 
seeds  is  naturally  small.  As  regards  values  no  important 
change  can  be  noted.  Samples  of  new  foreign  Alsike 
and  red  Clover  seed  are  now  showing,  but  no  business 
has  yet  resulted.  New  Mustard  is  also  offering.  For 
winter  Tares  less  money  is  taken.  Birdseeds  are  firm. 
Fine  new  blue  Peas  command  fuU  prices.  New  Rape 
seed  is  exceedingly  cheap. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane  :  Aug  30. — The  weather  continues  all 
that  could  be  desired  for  the  harvest,  and  reaping  makes 
rapid  progress.  The  quality  of  the  Wheats  that  have 
been  cut  varies  a  good  deal,  but  the  condition  is  percep- 
tibly improving,  from  the  continued  brilliant  weather. 
Simples  of  new  Wheat  were  shown  to-day  of  a  mixed 
character.  The  sales  made  were  chiefly  at  30J.  to  33J. 
for  red,  and  32J.  to  35^.  for  white,  but  some  of  the  better 
samples  were  held  \s.  above  these  rates.  Old  Wheats 
were  is.  lower  on  the  week  to  sell.  Foreign  Wheat  was 
virtually  neglected,  and  although  there  were  sellers  at 
6d.  and  ir.  reduction,  scarcely  anything  was  done. 
Flour  ruled  generally  6d.  per  sack  lower,  with  a  very 
limited  demand.  Grinding  Barley  fully  supported  late 
value,  though  the  trade  was  quiet.  Beans  and  Peas  were 
also  firm.  Common  Oats,  of  which  the  supplies  are 
large,  tended  in  buyers'  favour.  Fine  qualities  upheld 
their  value. 

Sept.  2. — English  Wheat  met  but  few  bids,  and  these 
were  at  reduced  rates,  whilst  sellers  of  foreign  were 
willing  to  accept  easier  prices,  but  found  opportunity  of 
doing  so  only  upon  a  very  small  scale.  About  the  same 
remarks  will  apply  to  flour.  For  Barley  the  market  was 
barely  so  steady,  but  good  malting  kinds  were  hrm. 
Beans  and  Peas  maintain  late  value.  Oats  tended  in 
buyers'  favour. 

Average  prices  of  com  for  the  week  ending  August  28  : 
—Wheat,  335.  21!!. ;  Barley,  245.  5<f. ;  Oats,  2ij.  ijd.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  331.  ^d. ; 
Barley,  281.  nd. ;  Oats,  20J.  6d. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  i.— Good  supplies. 
Trade  fair,  prices  moderate.  Quotations  : — Apples,  3^. 
to  6s.  per  bushel  ;  Pears,  2J.  bd.  to  5^.  6d.  do. ;  Black 
Plums,  IS.  y1.  to  2s.  3d.  do.;  Orleans  do.,  is.  6d.  to 
2j.  6d.  do. :  Egg  do.,  IS.  to  is.  gd.  do.  ;  Scarlet  Beans, 
is.  to  IS.  gd.  per  sieve;  French  do.,  is.  6d.  to  2J.  do.; 
Vegetable  Marrows,  is.  6d.  to  zs.  6d.  per  tally  ;  Cab- 
bages, 3J.  to  4s.  do. ;  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  6d.  do.;  Onions,  2S.  to 
2S.  6d.  do. ;  Sage,  is.  6d.  to  21.  do. ;  Parsley,  i;.  6d.  to 
2s.  do. 

Stratford:  August  31.— Supplies  have  been  good, 
and  a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  following  prices  : 
—Cabbages,  21.  to  3^.  per  tally  ;  Cauliflowers,  11.  to 
IS.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  is.  to  2s.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
Carrots,  household,  is.  to  11.  6d.  do.  ;  Apples,  2S.  6d. 
to  3J.  6d.  per  bushel  ;  Watercress,  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Pears] 
Williams,  4^.  6d.  to  51.  per  bushel  ;  Cucumbers,  6d.  to 
gd.  per  dozen  ;  Plums,  2s.  6d.  to  31.  per  bushel ;  Tomatos, 
IS.  3d.  to  IS,  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Marrows,  is.  to  is.  ^d 
per  dozen. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  ;  Aug.  31.— The  trade 
eontinues  to  move  very  slowly,  and  prices  are  without 
improvement.  Quotations  ;— .Magnum  Bonums,  60s.  to 
80s.  ;  Kent  Regents,  6or.  to  80J.  ;  Hebrons,  705.  to  Boj.  ; 
Essex  Shaws,  sot.  to  70s.  ;  Early  Roses,  50^.  to  70s.  ; 
and  Jersey  kidneys,  801.  to  looi.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  1.— Quotations  :— 
Magnums,  501.  to  65J.  ;  Regents,  6o.t.  to  65.C.;  Victorias, 
SOS.  to  60s. ;  and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  sS-f-  to  60s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Aug.  31.— Quotations  :— Roses,  55^. 
to  601.  ;  Regents,  55J.  to  60s.  ;  Magnums.  60s.  to  651.  ; 
and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  60s.  to  655.  per  ton. 

Imports.— The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  46  tons  43  bags  from  Barfleur. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel:  Aug.  31.— Trade  dull,  with  good 
supplies.  Prices  :— Clover,  gos.  to  io8j.  ;  inferior,  70J. 
to  85J.  ;  hay.  prime,  70J.  to  92J.  ;  interior,  45^.  to  651. 
Straw,  26s.  to  37s.  per  load. 

Sept.  2.— A  large  supply  was  on  offer.  The  trade  was 
dull,  at  previous  prices. 

Stratford  :  Aug.  31.— Quotations  :— Hay,  Zos.  to 
100s.  ;  Clover,  goi.  to  loos.  ;  and  straw,  30s.  to  33^.  per 
load. 


Qovernment  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  looj  to  loi  for  delivery,  and  loi^i  to  101  J-  for  the 
accounL  Tuesday's  closing  prices  were  loi  to  loi  j  for 
delivery,  and  as  on  the  previous  day  for  the  account. 
The  final  quotations  of  Wednesday  were  too|  to  loi  for 
delivery,  and  loi  A  to  loi  J,  for  the  account.  Thursday's 
closing  prices  were  looJ  to  loi  for  delivery,  and  loolj  to 
ioItIj  for  the  account, 


SEEDSMEN    BY    KOYAL    WARRANTS 

To  Her  Majesty     ^^M^.^      ToHRH  the 
The   Queen.       |^^^  Prince  of  Wales. 


Now  Ready, 

SUTTON'S 
AUTUMN  CATALOGUE 

FOR    1886, 

Which  contains  complete  Cultural  Instruc- 
tions and  Select  Lists  of  the  best 
kinds  of  Flower  Roots  ; 

HANDSOME   COLOTTBED   PLATE, 

illustrative  of 

SI>TTON'S    HYACINTHS, 
in  full  bloom  at  the  Dutch  Bulb  Farms, 

NU.UEROUS    ENGRAVINGS. 


Gratis   and   Post-free   on   application. 

SUTTON    &    SONS, 

READING,       BERKS. 


SPECIAL     CASH     OFFER. 
ORNAMENTAL  FOLIAGE  PLANTS. 
DRAC^NA,  coloured,  fine  plants,  in  48's,  s]i  foot  high,  six 

varieties,  24J.  per  dozen. 
SEAFORTHIA    ELEGANS,   and  three    other    varieties    of 

Palm«,  in  48's,  iSj.  per  dozen. 
FICUS  ELASTICA,  i  to  1%  tool,  in  48's.  i8j.  per  dozen. 
ARALIA  SIEBOLDII,  in  48's,  isj.  per  dozen. 
GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA,  in  43's.  fine.  12s.  per  dozen. 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  in  48's,  las.  per  dozen. 
PTERIS  TREMULA,  in  48's,  121.  per  dozen. 
Package  extra. 
JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,   Ascot. 


GARDENIAS.  —  Several    good   Plants,    in 
7,  9,  and  10  inch  pots  lor  Sale.     Apply  to 
The  GARDENER,  Eywood,Tilley.  R.S.O.,  Herefordshire. 


TREE  CARNATIONS,  Twelve  best  kinds, 
showy  plants,  251.  per  100  ;  BOUVARDIAS,  fine  pfcnis 
in  eight  best  kinds,  255.  per  100;  INDIARUBBER  PLANTS 
nice  stuff,  50J.  per  100;  POINSETTIAS,  eood  plants,  2W. 
per  loo.-W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster 


FOR   SALE,    16,000    GENISTAS,    out    of 
Thumbs.     Good  Plants  at  loj.  6d.  per   100.     For  cash 
only.     Postal  orders  payable  at  Leyton  Green. 
T.  BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Edith  Nurseries,  Burchall  'Wood, 

FERNS  —  FERNS  —  FERNS. 
In  Large  Thumbs. 
DORYOPrERIS  PALMATA,  PHLEBODIUM  GLAUCA 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  PTERIS  ARGYREA,  at  i6i. 
per  100.     Cash  with  order. 

S.   DIXON   AND  CO.,  Amhurit   Nurseries,  Anton    Street, 
Hackney,  E. 

ENTIA  SEEDS.— For  prices  of  fresh  im- 

ported  Seeds  of  Kentia  belmoreana,  Forsteriana,  and 
Canterburyaoa,  write  to 
H.  DAMMANN.  Jun  .  Breslau,  Germany. 


K 


,_^  Grape  Vines 

'T'HE    LIVERPOUL    HORTICULTURAL 

-L  CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES,  clean,  robnst,  and  healihy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  ihe 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5J.  and  js.  td.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  las.  f,d.  and  i2s.  f>d.  each. 

The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 


WG  O  R  D  O  N,  IMPORTER  OF  ORCHIDS 
•  fromALL  PARTSof  the  WORLD.— An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  must  be  sold  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  to  be 
obtained,  and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high 
prices  recentiv  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  alTords  a 
PAYING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  ofTered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to   W.   GORDON,    The   Nurseries,    Amyand   Park 
Road,  Twickenham.  Middlesex. 


MESSRS.  JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO. 
respectfully  ca'l  the  attention  of  intending  Purchasers 
to  their  stock  of  Flowering  and  Decorative  Plants,  which  is  in 
the  finest  possible  condition.  It  includes  Winter  Flowerine 
HEATHS.  Home-grown  CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS 
GARDENIAS,  BOUVARDIAS.  PALMS,  DRACENAS^ 
FERNS  in  variety,  &c.  A  personal  inspection  is  invited. 
Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 


Fteris  cretlca  MayU. 

HB.  MAY  is  now  offering  the  above,  which 
•  is  one  of  the  greatest  novelties  of  the  season.  The 
Plant  is  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit :  the  fronds  beautifully 
branched  and  crested  ;  and  the  variegation  very  distinct.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  lovely  FERNS  ever  offered.  Has  been 
awarded  First  class  Certificates  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
and  Royal  Botanic  Societies. 

Well  furnished  Plants,  in  43's,  ^s.  6d.  each. 
Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

Dyion's  Lane  Nursery,  Up^er  Edmonton,  Middlesex. 


a)U)®0t:tb[tshcli.^ 


—  (Roofer,  — 

SUPERB    QUALITY. 

'Srhe  JJifk  of  gollnnb. 


Prices  very  moderate, 

ITrce  Deliveries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 
ytliable  aTtoaiig.  Address  in  full 


R^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS, 
Ube  (liueeii's  See&smen,  ■» 
GHESTBI^.    


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveeo,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  1886,  and  see  the  large 
saving  efTeaed  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower  The 
Caia'o^ue,  containing  details  of  iheir  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent.  rosT-FREE,  on  application  10 
thero,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane, 
St.  Mary  al-Hill,  London.  E.C. 

13     MALLER  and  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 

-L'  •  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well-grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties).  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS:  GAR. 
DENIAS,  STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS.  VINES  in  pots.  S;c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE    by  AUCTION  will    be    held    on 
TUESDAY,  September  14. 
Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 


H. 


Tree  Carnations  and  Ferns. 
B.  MAY  invites  visitors  to  London   to 

iaspect  his  unrivalled  stock  of  the  above.  Silver 
nd  Angel  Road  Station?,  G.  E.  Railway,  are  within  a 
utes'  walk  of  the  nursery. 

Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fem 

Cultivation,"  IS. 
SM  ALLE  R  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "  List    of  New.    Rarb.    and 

Choice  Ferns."  and  "  Hardy  North  Ambrican  Fbrns." 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    WgBSEBY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

BERLIN  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  CROWNS, 

STRONG    BLOOMING, 


SEPH  KLAR, 

100.  LINIENSTRASSE.  PERT  IN. 


CR0UX&FIL8, 

Nurserymer, 

Vall^e   d'Aulnay, 

chatenay    (seinf). 

Great  Specialty. 

Trained  Fruit  Trees, 


I.— Prize    of     Hni 


Ho 

pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6r.  per  bushel 
(ir.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
bd.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  1/, 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  atuched. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N, 


SSFTEMBER  4,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


317 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  totu), 

aoj. ;  4-bushel  bags,  ^d'  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  S'-   W.    per    sack  ; 

5  sacks  tis.  :  sacks,  4^.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  xu. ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  II.  grf.  per  bushel;  151.  per  half 
ton,  ids.  per  ton  in  a-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each, 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  81.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  O.  SMYTH.  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith-s 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

HOMSON'S    TmPROVED     VINE     and 

PLANT  MANURE.— This  valu.ible  Manure  is  made 
UD  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsm;n, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwt.  and  over  carriage  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,   Victoria   Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

ILDEW  on  ROSES  and  other  PLANTS, 

GREEN  FLY,  and  RED  SPIDER  can  all  be  extir- 
pated by  Uiing  Harris's  specially  prepared  SULPHIDE  of 
POTASSIUM,  of  which  enough  to  make  thirty-two  gallons  o( 
solution  may  be  had  post-free  tor  One  Shilling,  from  the  Sole 
Manufacturers.  PHILIP  HARRIS  AND  CO.,  Wholesale 
Chemists,  Bull  Ring,  Birmingham.  Special  quDtations  for 
large  quantities.  For  many  favourable  reports  on  the  value  of 
this  certain  remedy,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle^  and  other 
Gardening  Journals. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prizb  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included  ) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    51.  per  sack  ;  s  sacks  for  221.  td. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   41.  6rf.       „       5  sacks  for  201. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   51.  &/.      ,,      5  sacks  for  251. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  [11.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  6a.  per  bush.,  Mi.half  ton,  24.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only 11.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8</.  lb.   28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (SpiScialitd)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb,  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  . .     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  dr.  per  sack. 

CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 
allkindsofPlants,  Flowers,  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  11.  &i. 
Bags— 7 lb.,  31.;  141b.,  51.;  281b.,  81.;  561b.,  141.;  icwL.a2i. 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-i4lb,  31.;  281b.,  51.  W.; 
56  lb  ,  lar.  dd.;  1  cwL ,  171.  [per  bushel 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  21.  id. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  II.  each  ;  10  sacks,  91.  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  171.  : 
30  sacks,  251 :  40  sacks,  301.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
251.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FEKRY  ROAD,  MILWALL   LONDON,  E. 


HUGHES'  SOLUBLE 
FIR-TREE  OIL 'NSECTICIDE 

Is.  6d.,  2s.  6d.,  and  4S.  6d.  a  Botile  ;    Gallon,  12S.  6d., 
less  in  larger  quantities. 

HUGHES'  APHICIDE,  Is.  6d.    By  post  11.  Zd. 
HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  Is. ;  post  11. 3</. 

Also  CREAM  SHADING,  9(1.  pei  Box,  per  post  Is. 
HUGHES'   FLORAL    CEMENT,    in    Bottles, 

Is.  and  23. 
HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most  effectual  in  Greenhouses,  6(1. ,  IB.,  and  2S.  6d. 
Poa  3d.  extra. 
A  TREATISE  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
>ent  P.  st-free,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E.  Q.  HUGHES, 
Or  jralive  Chemist,  Victoria  Street,  Manchester.  Wholesale 
from  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants. Wholesale  Druggists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


12-oz.  Sample  Fackets,  tree  \>y  post,  12  Stamps. 

FIBROUS  PEAT  for  ORCHIDS,  &c.— 
BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  best  quality  for  Orchids, 
Stove  Plants,  &c.,  {.t  6i.  per  Truck.  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT, 
for  Rhododendrons,  Aialeas,  Heaths,  American  Plant  Beds,  151, 
per  ton  per  Truck.  Sample  Bag,  51.  ;  5  Bags,  221.  dd,  \  10  Bags, 
451.  Bags  included.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loi.  W.  per  Bag, 
SILVER  SAND,  Coarse  or  Fine,  521.  per  Truck  of  4  Tons. 
WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famborough  Sution,  Hants. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

GARDEN     REQUISITES, 

Sacks,  Casks,  and  Boxes  Free. 
PEAT  MOULD,  best  brown       ..perbush. 
LOAM  MOULD,  best  yellow    .. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best 

SILVER  SAND,  best  roirse      .. 
MOULDS  and     SAND,      mixed, 

proper  for  special  plants 
MUiHROO.M     SPAWN,     finest 

quality 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS    for  Orchids 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE      ..         ..per  bag. 

,,     ,,     best  quality 
TOBACCO  PAPER,  best  ..    per  lb. 

TYING  MATERIAL.    RAFFIA        „ 
MATTS,    ARCHANGEL,    large 

„    ST.    PETERSBURG,    bcVt  ^"^ 

quality      ..         ,, 

WOOD  LABELS,  for  pots,  6-inch  per  100. 

FLOWEK  STICKS,'  i  to '3  feet ..        ", 
BAMBOO  CANES,  3!.^  feet       .. 
KNIVES  and  SCISSORS,  best  ..      each. 

E,    O,    HENDERSON    8c    SON, 

PINEAPPLE    NURSERY,      MAIDA    VALE, 
LONDON.  W. 


Cash 
Prices, 

Booking 
Prices. 

I.  d. 

1.  d. 

I     o 

I    2 

I     o 

I    2 

I    6 

I    8 

I      2 

I    4 

i    6 

S    0 
2    6 

I     6 

o    8 

I     9 

I     o 

1     2 

IS     0 

18    0 

12      O 

IS    0 

O    10 

o    6 

•Aot0  3/- 

2/3  to  3/3 

0    8 

./-  to  3/6 

j/6toi/6 

Soluble  Pararfin 

GARDEN  INSECTICIDE 


Pints,  II.  ;    Quarts,  ii.  SJ.  :   Gallons,  51,  6d. 
E.   M.    FHILLIFPS   &   CO.,    DARTFORD.    KENT 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1S59  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  a  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  calce  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  ic     Boxes,  is.,  3^.,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6ti,  and  it.,  4om  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


SILVER  SAND.— 24.y.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 
Best,  301.  do.  :  PEAT.  6oi.  per  uuclc  of  lo  cubic  yards. 
Best,  801.,  looi.,  and  iioi.  do.;  LOAM,  best.  501.  per  truck  of 
4  tons  ;  ORCHID  MOSS,  &c 

W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


PURE    WOODCHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES, 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 

AND  GENERAL  HORTICULTURAL   PURPOSES. 

HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Mannfacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 


ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price,  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR. 
PAULINS  and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 


HORTICOLTDRAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  tec 


JAMES  BOYD  &  SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 

HEATING  ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 


Z  X 
o  » 


.5  o 


HOT- WATER    AFPABATU3  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS.  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRTINa  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINQS  Of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Mercliants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials,  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street.  London.  E.C. 

Russia  Mats-Raffla. 

NEW   ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,  of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality,  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  and  FISHER.  James  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

(lae    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 

Established  Haifa  Century. 

The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  Kmg- 

dom,  supply  the  purest  Anthracite  for  Horticultural  purposes. 

COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 

London  Offices    and   Depot.  3,    Mileage   Station, 

Paddington,  W. — The  G.  C.  G.  Co,  will  be  pleased  to  furnish 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  coimtry. 

Rosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles, 


nPHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

'  --'  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  ,Ta 
suited  for  KITCH  EN  ''^ 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  bar- 
hour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  t:onsequently  being  much  cheaijer 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blaclffriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road.  E, 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES. 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  •   aUo 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

lUustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supphed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3i.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZKD    TILES,  far  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I     L     V 


E      R  SAND, 

desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 


FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Femei 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  suppUed  at  lowest  rates  in 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.—Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


any 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  aoo  teet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock   of  similai  current  si^es  of  16-OZ    glass   m 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagatmg  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

OEOBGE    FABMILOE    ft    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

84,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.G. 

liam.     Quote  ChrcnicU, 


Stock  List  and  Prices  c 


WARNER'S    PORTABLE     FARMYARD 
or  WATER-CART  PUMPS 
Pnre  Medals  at  Calcutta    Brabant,  Brussels,  &c. 

Strong    Dur^l  le    LlTeCUve 


J.     WARNER      &      SONS, 

Hydraulic  and  Mechanical  Engineers,  Manufacturers  of  Pumps 

and  Pumping  Machinery  of  every  description. 

THE   CRESCENT    FOUNDRY,    CRIPPLEGATE,   E.C. 

and  the  Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the  Naze.  Essex. 

To  be  obtauied  of  every  Ironmonger  ami  Plumber  in  the 


3i8 


fHE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Septembbr  4,  1886, 


THE  GARDENER^CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERT  ISINB. 

Head  Litu  charged  as  two. 

15  Lines... £0    8    6 

16  , 

17  , 

18  , 

19  , 

20  , 

21  , 

22  , 

23  , 

24  , 

25  „    ...   o  13    6 


4  Lines. 

■  lo 

^ 

6     ,.    . 

.    0 

s 

6     „    . 

.  0 

4 

7     „    . 

.  0 

4 

8     „    . 

.  0 

■; 

9     „    . 

.   0 

<=, 

10    „    . 

.  0 

6 

11     „    . 

.  0 

6 

12     „    . 

.   0 

7 

13     „    . 

.    0 

7 

14     „    . 

.  0 

8 

0 

9 

0 

9 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

II 

0 

II 

0 

12 

0 

12 

0 

13 

If  set  across  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charEe  will  be  301. 

If  set  across  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40^, 

Page  _         ..  -         ..;£9     o     o 

Half  Page  »         . .  _         -.500 

Column 3    5    0 

GABDHNEB3,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  lino 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE. —Advertiurs  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  o/>emd  by  tht  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages.  51,  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  -week  must  rectch  th*  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subacrlptlona  Payable  In  Advance. 

Thb  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  £X  3s.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  6s. 

Foreign  (excepting    India   and   China) ;    includine    Postage, 

£1  6B.  for  12  Months:    India  and  China,  £1  8s.  2d. 

Pott-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  AdvertisementSj 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
iu  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  :— 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    ^2  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         »  4  '5     o 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  ,1         ,%  3  *S     o 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  „  _     „  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  EnRineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


BOULION    &    PAUL,    NOBWICH. 


No.  74  —Three-quarter  Spau-roof  Garden  Frame. 
Cash  Pnces— Carnige  Paid  Price         Packing  Case. 

8  feet  hng         6  feet  wide  L\  i^  d  5*    f  Allowed    in 

12  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide     ..        6     50     ..     6j.  <  full  if  retd. 
16  feet  long   ..  6  feet  wide     . .        8     00     . .     7J.  (  car.  paid. 

1  hese  Frames  are  13  inches  high  in  front,  24  inches  high  at  the 
back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridge.  Front  or  back  lights  turn 
over.  Set-opes  are  provided  for  ventilating.  All  painted  four 
coats  of  best  oil  colour.  The  lights  are  glazed  with  21-02.  English 
glass.     Carriage  paid  to  most  Railway  stations  In  England  and 

Wales.  

GreenhOUSeB  suitable  for  Villas,  Small  Country  Houses,  &c. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 

Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


Hyacinths  In  Pots. 

POTS       MADE      EXPRESSLY 
for  HYACINTHS  can  be  supplied  by 
Mr.  J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 
Price  LISTS  free. 


W.    H.    LASCELLE8    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHUL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.G. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application.  


<GLASSHeFSESSc»EATiNG: 


%mm^wm'^%^ 


^f4 

i^SlA.   BKAUTORT  8TRiiET,  CHELSEA,  B.W.Ajj* 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raf&a,    Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,  Manures,  &c.      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


H 


oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substituce  lor  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  ic  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  x;.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED  TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  Tlte  Ryleys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
1^6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation  paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ;i;2,2i5,ooo. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the  Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  OEBce  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


B 


AMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

should  be  without  it.  Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 
easily  manufactured. 
P.  B.  HARKIN.  Importer.  Dutton  Street,  Liverpool. 


Price  td..  Post-free  b^^d  , 

HOW     TO      GROW      PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,    and    PEARS  on  Open  Walls.     By 
Robert  Smith,  Yalding,  Kent.     Entered  at  Stationers'  Hall. 

London:  SIMPKIN.  MARSHALL  and  CO.,  Stationers' 
HallCourt.     Maidstone:  J.  BURGISS-BROWN,  .8,Week  St. 

R"    EVUE^de   I'HORTICULTURE   BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review)^i2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :— 
A.   Allard,    E.   Andri.   C.    Baltet,    F.    Burvenich,    F.   Cripin, 
O.  de   Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.   E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira,         _, 
H.  Ortgies,   E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert        Bi 
Son,  H.  J.  van  HuUe,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West-       ■ 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstera.  *  I 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  cl  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
I4r.,  payable  in  advance.  i 

Publishing  Office :  134,  Rue  de  Eruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium.  ■ 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT,        ■ 
Ghent y 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloiured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  BfRVE- 
NicH,  F.  Pavnaekt,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  HuLt.E, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  105.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLK,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINK,  Totten- 
•  ham  Nurseries,  Dedemsvaart,  near  ZwoUe,  Nether- 
lands, begs  to  intimate  that  he  has  a  few  VACANCIES  for 
YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  wishing  to  avail  themselves  of  his 
Tuition  in  Practical  and  Theoretical  Horticukure,  Botany, 
Botanical  Terminology.  Landscape  Gardening,  Book-keeping, 
Commercial  Correspondence  in  Dutch,  German,  French,  and 
English  —Reference  to  Mr.  TH.  S.  WARE,  The  Hale  Farm 
Nurseries,  Tottenham,  near  London. 

ANTED,    a     WORKING     PARTNER 

(Florist),  with  some  capital,  who  thoroughly  under- 
stands Growing  for  Market— 700  feet  run  of  Glass,  besides 
Pits.— H.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chrcnkle  Office,  4.,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,     a     first-class     SINGLE- 

HANDED  GARDENER.  Married,  but  without 
incumbrance.  State  age,  wages  required,  references,  and 
fullest  particulars.— E.  M.,  Rosebank,  Berkhamsted,  Herts. 

ANTED,  a  SECOND   GARDENER  for 

Houses.  Married  man  without  family  ;  age  about  27. 
Must  understand  Growing  all  kinds  of  Flowers  and  Fruit. 
Wages,  £i,  with  cottage  and  milk.— Write  full  particulars  to 
Mrs.  W.  CATTLEY,  Oak  Dene,  Holmwood,  Surrey. 

ANTED,  a  FOREMAN  (Indoors),  for  the 

Souih  of  Ireland  ;  must  understand  Pines,  Vines, 
Peaches,  and  good  Plant  Growing.  Three  in  boihy.  Wages, 
i8j.  per  week,  milk  and  vegetables.  —  W.  H.  SWAN- 
BOROUGH,  Doneraile  Court.  Co.  Cork,  Ireland. 

ANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 

practical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroughly  understands 
Market  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  of  Men, 
Highest  references  required. — Apply  in  the  first  instance,  stat- 
ing age,  experience,  salary,  and  full  particulars,  to  W.  W.  J.  &  S., 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son.  Seed  Merchants.  152,  Houndsditch,  E. 

WANTED,  a  NURSERY  FOREMAN  and 
SALESMAN,  thoroughly  up  to  the  Propagation  and 
Growing  of  Bedding  Plants,  Florist'  Flowers.  Vines,  Koses,  and 
Ferns,  and  to  the  Culture  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  prin- 
cipally for  Cut  Flowers  and  Decoration.  Suie  experience,  age, 
and  wages  expected.— EDWARD  SANG  and  SONS.  Nur- 
serymen. Kirkcaldy,  N.B, 

WANTED,  a  respectable  iMan,  as  PRO- 
PAGATOR and  GROWER  of  Plants  and  Cut 
Flowers,  chiefly  for  Market.  One  producing  good  results 
would  have  a  permanency  and  every  encouragement. — T.  N., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellmgton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  practical  steady 
MAN,  experienced  in  Growing  for  Market :  must  un- 
derstand Cucumber,  Rose,  and  Strawberry  Forcing.  Married 
preferred.— S.  UZZELL,  New  Hampton,  Middlesex. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  young  MAN, 
for  the  Propagating  Houses,  used  to  Propagating  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants  ;  also  a  young  man  for  theiPlant  Stoves. 
— Apply,  with  references,  wages  required.  Sac,  to  IRELAND 
AND  THOMSON,  Craigleith  Nurserj-,  Edinburgh. 

WANTED.— H.  Cannell  &  Sons  wish  to 
engage  a  thorough  practical  aspiring  Young  MAN, 
for  the  Herbaceous  and  Bulb  Department.  No  one  need  apply 
unless  well  versed  in  these  Plants,  and  of  good  moral  cha» 
racter.— Swan  ley,  Kent. 

AN^ED,     for     General    Garden    Work, 

mostly  inside,  a  strong,  active,  and  willing  LAD, 
about  16.  One  with  a  little  experience  preferred.— ALFRED 
LODGE,  Brougham  Hall,  Penrith. 

WANTED,  for  the  Retail  Seed  and  Florist 
Trade,  an  energetic  SHOPMAN.— A  knowledge  of 
Nursery  Stuff  indispensable.  Character  must  bear  strict  inves- 
tigation.—G.  PHIPPEN,  Nursery  and  Seedsman,  Reading. 

WANTED,  a  SHOPMAN,  who  has  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  Seed  Tra  *e :  middle  age 
preferred.— Apply,  with  lull  particulars,  to  JOHN  DOWNIU, 
144.  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh. 

WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  in  the  Order 
office.— Apply  personally  at  Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S 
Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


September  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


319 


WANT    PLACES, 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  aie  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
tney  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
paxUciiIars,  &c.— St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


TO  LANDED  PROPRIETORS,  &c.— A. 
McIntyre  (late  of  Victoria  Park)  is  now  at  liberty  to 
undertake  Formation  and  Planting  of  New  Garden  and  Park 
Grounds,  and  Remodelling  existing  Gardens.  Plans  prepared. 
IIS,  Listria  Park,  Stamford  Hill.  N. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-eogageraents.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men.  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER.  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 


THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  io8.  High  Street,  Dumfries.  N.B. 

ARDENER  (Head).  —  Age  34,  married; 

thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Thirteen  and 
a  half  ytars  in  last  situation.  Highly  recommended. — V.  T., 
39,  Church  Street,  Didsbury,  Manchester. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Experienced  ;  can 
take  charge  of  all  Building  Operations  on  an  Estate. 
Wife  can  take  charge  of  Dairy.  Six  years  in  last  situation. — 
J.  S.,  Lordship  Cottage,  Lordship  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 

ARDENER  (Head).— A  thoroughly  prac- 

ticalf  experienced  and  trustworthy  man,  capable  of 
Managing  a  Large  Establishment.  Good  knowledge  of 
Orchids.— LUCOM  BE.  PINCE  and  CO.,  Exeter. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. 
— First-class  in  all  branches  ;  many  years'  excellent 
character.  Active  and  industrious. — A.  B.,  Chamberlain, 
Baker,  Twickenham. 

GARDENER  (Head)  where  assistance  is 
given.— Age  28.  married  ;  experienced  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening.  Three  and  a  half  years  in  present  situation  as 
Head  Gardener  ;  leaving  through  no  fault.  Salary,  with  house 
{.60  per  annum.— W.  CRYER,  Streetaston  House,  Lutterworth. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  27,  single  ;  well 
up  in  Vines.  Peaches,  Melons,  Pot  Strawberries, 
Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Greenhou^e, 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.  First.class  references.— GAR- 
DENER, Mr.  Glendinning.  Stanwix  Bank,  Carlisle. 

ARDENER  (He.\d)  ;   age  29.— T.  Osman, 

Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey,  Surrey,  can  with  conBdeoce 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in  pre- 
sent situation.  —  For  further  particulars  please  address  as  above. 

ARDENER    (Head).— J.  Trigger,   The 

Gardens,  Miltoa  Park,  Peterborough,  can  with  confi- 
dence recommend  his  present  Foreman,  James  Upex,  to  any 
Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  requiring  a  good  practical 
all-round  Gardener.     Four  years  in  present  situation. — Address 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Good 
Manager  of  Men,  &c..  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  Charge  of 
a  good  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  recommended  in  every 
respect.— GEO.  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kirabolton,  St. 
Neots,  Hunts. 


GARDENER  (HEAD  Working),  where  one 
or  two  are  kept.— Age  29.  married,  one  child  ;  thoroughly 
experienced  in  all  its  branches.  Five  years  and  seven  months 
with  last  employer.  Three  years  as  Head.  Abstainer. — W. 
DAVIS,  Chapel  End.  Walthamstow.  Essex. 


GARDENER  (Head  ^yoRKING).  —  A 
married  couple  (age  35  and  33)  desire  situations  in  a  good 
Establishment,  to  reside  in  the  house— Man  as  Head  Working 
Gardener ;  Wife  as  Cook  or  Cook  and  Housekeeper  ;  under- 
stands Dairy  and  Baking.— S.,  133,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 

(^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Single  ; 

Vi^  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches,  including  Pines 
and  Orchids.  Eight  years*  good  character.  Abstainer.  No 
objection  to  Channel  Islands. — E.  H.,  Gardettcrs'  ChrojticU 
Oifice,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married  ;  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Orchids,  Fruit,  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardening.  Good  reference.— H.  W., 
Ashby  St.  Ledger's,  Rugby. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  3S, 

married,  no  family ;  highly  recommended  for  honesty, 
sobriety,  and  ability.  Sixteen  years'  previous  character,  being 
well  versed  in  all  branches  of  the  Profession,  including  Meadow 
Land,  &c.  Kentish  Fruit  Grower.  Abstainer.  Life  experience 
in  large  estates  with  great  trusts,  being  a  Practical  Gardener  of 
Orchids,  Pines,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Grapes,  Kitchen  Garden, 
and  Pleasure  Grounds.— GEO.  MARSHALL,  Hoyle  Farm, 
Dorking,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head,  or  Single-handed). 
— Mairied,  no  family  ;  experienced  in  Flowers,  Fruits, 
and  Vegetibles  ;  gardening  in  all  branches.  Good  references. 
— C.  3.  White  Hart  Cottages,  Chertsey,  Surrey. 

GARDENER,  or  otherwise.— A  young  Man 
wishes  to  go  abroad  with  a  Gentleman,  to  settle  as 
Gardener  or  otherwise.— W.  ALBERT,  New  Millerdam, 
Wakeaeld. 


GARDENER     (Single-handed).  —  Eight 
years*  experience,   in  and   outdoors.     Good  character. 
Christian.— W.  F.,  Woodstock,  Oxon. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second), 
—Single  ;  good    character  and  references.— J.  KEMP, 
Great  Wailey,  Brentwood.  Essex. 

GARDENER  (Second),  under  Glass.— 
Age  25,  single  ;  three  years  and  a  half  in  present  situ- 
ation as  such.  Experienced  in  all  branches.— A.  M.,  The 
Hollies,  Half»ay  Street,  Ellham,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Second)  ;  age  27,  married. 
Albert  Jessup  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any  one 
requiring  a  trustworthy  man  to  take  charge  of  Glass  :  has  been 
seven  years  as  Second  in  large  estabhshments. — The  Grove, 
Church  Street,  Epsura. 

GARDENER  (Second  Kitchen),  in  a  good 
establishment.  —  Age  20  ;  good  references.  Willing, 
energetic.  Five  years'  experience.  —  BOYCE,  The  Rectory, 
SandoD,  Chelmsford,  Esse-x. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  21  ;    steady. 
Can  be  highly  recommended.— S.  THATCHER,  The 
Gardens,  River  Mead,  Sunbury. 

GARDENER    (Under). —  Age  23,   single; 
respectable.     In  the  Houses  preferred.— F.,  17,  Model 
Cottages,  Mortlake,  Surrey,  S.W. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — 
Age  26  :  eleven  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— Particulars  to  E.  SAND  FORD,  The 
Gardens,  Dale  Park.  Aruudel,  Sussex. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses. — Age  25  ;  good 
and  practical  experience  in  the  Culture  ot  Vines,  Melons, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.— C.  FITKIN,  The  Gardens. 
Knowle  Hill,  Cobham,  Surrey. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.— Age  23;  nine  and  a  half  years'  experience. 
Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers — A, 
SMITH,  The  Gardens.  Brambletye,  East  Grintead. 


tjiOREMAN,  in   the   Houses,  or   General 

-L  in  a  good  establishment. — Well  up  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession  ;  thirteen  years'  experience  in  leading  places  in  Eng- 
land and  Ireland. -J.  S.,  Mr.  F.  Webber,  Quarry  Hill  Nur- 
sery, Tonbridge,  KenL 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
25J4  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  PlanU,  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
&<:.  Satisfactory  reason  for  leaving. — E.  J.  SMITH,  Much 
Dewchurch.  Hereford. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
26  :  twelve  years'  good  practical  experience  in  large 
establishments  ;  can  be  well  recommended  from  last  and  pre- 
vious situations.— H.  H.  G.,  36,  New  Street,  St.  John's  Wood, 
N.W. 

FOREMAN  (General).  — Age  27;  fifteen 
years'  experience  in  the  routine  of  Gardening.  Can  be 
well  recommended.  Please  state  particulars.- H.  T.,  Gar- 
deiurs'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  (General),  or  GROUND 
FOREMAN  (WoKKiNoj-AgesS:  twenty  years'  ex- 
perience in  the  whole  routine  of  the  business.  Exceptional 
relerences  as  to  chaiacter  and  ability.  — FOREMAN.  CarAn^rrj' 
ChraukU  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


FOREMAN,  or  FIRST  JOURNEYMAN. 
— Age  25,  single  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  Fruit  and 
Plant  Growing.  Can  be  well  recommended  by  present  and 
previous  employers.— CH.ARLES  HEPBURN,  The  Gardens, 
Brookman's  Park,  Hatfield,  Hens. 


NURSERY  FOREMAN,  PROPAGATOR, 
or  MANAGER.— Well  up  in  all  Solt-wooded  PUnts, 
Cut  Flower  Trade,  Wreaths,  &c.  Can  take  Charge  of  Books  ; 
of  good  address.  Open  for  an  immediate  engagement.— J.  C, 
Elcombe  &  Son,  Nurserymen,  Romsey. 


FOREMAN  GROWER  and  PROPA- 
GATOR, where  Fern,  Stephanotis,  Gardenias,  Carna- 
tions, Chrysanthemums,  &c..  are  grown  extensively  for  market, 
or  entire  charge  of  Glass,  in  Private  place, — Age  29  ;  good 
Fruit  and  Orchid  Grower.  Fifteen  years'  experience. — Please 
address,  HORTUS.  Smith  &  Sons.  Florists,  The  Green,  Isle- 
worth,  Middlesex. 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER.— Age  35  ;  well  up  in  the  Cut  Bloom  Trade  ; 
also  Grapes,  Peaches,  &c.,  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.  Two  years 
in  present  situation.- G.  H.,  Llysonen  Gardens,  St.  Clears, 
Carmarthenshire. 


PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.— Age  28  ; 
fourteen  years' experience.     Good  character. — W.  GILL- 
HAM,  The  Brook,  Barkley,  near  Leicester. 


PROPAGATOR,  or  good  Permanent  hand.— 
Age  23  ;  six  years'  experience.     Good  character. — H.  E. 
STEDMAN,  Sianstcd,  Emsworth,  Hants. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  Nobleman's 
or  Gentleman's  Establishment.— Age  2z  ;  eight  years'  ex- 
perience. Two  years  in  present  situation  as  such.  Can  be 
highly  recommended.— E.  STOCKS,  The  Gardens,  Barlboro 
Hall,  Chesterfield.  Derby. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good- 
establishment. — Age  23  ;  two  years  in  present  situation. 
— H.  MOXHAM,  The  Gardens,  Cherkley  Court,  Leatherhead, 


JOURNEYMAN,  in   the    Houses   or   other- 

^  wise. — Age  24;  five  years' experience.  Fourteen  months' 
good  character  from  last  situation.— A.  POULTER,  Finch- 
aropstead,  Wokingham,  Berkshire. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  22  ; 
can  be  well  recommended  from  last  place  and  previous 
employers.  Six  years'  experience.— A.  LUDLER,  New  Road, 
Chippenham,  Wilts. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  Nursery,  Inside.— Age 
22  ;  good  knowledge  of  Trade.  Good  character  from  pre- 
sent and  previous  employers.- B.  C,  Birchington  Farm,  Little 
Common,  Hastings,  Sussex, 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  Nursery 
or  Private  Garden.— Age  21  ;  seven  years'  experience  in 
good  establishments  of  both  branches.  Good  Propagator  and 
Grower  of  Pot  Roses.  Can  be  highly  recommended.— J.  G.. 
Holly  Lane,  ChiWell,  NotU. 


To  Nurserymen  and  Florists 

IMPROVER.~Age  20  ;   thoroughly  used  to 
General  Nursery.    Good  reference  :  near  London  preferred. 
—A.  W.  S.,  Woodgate  Cottage,  Winchmore  Hill,  N.  ^ 

ASSISTANT,  in  the  Houses  of  Gentleman 
or  Florist. — Age  20;  steady  and  industrious.  Eighteen 
months'  experience  (twelve  in  propagating)  with  a  large  pro- 
vincial firm,— G.  H.  WALL,  Aldborough,  Boroughbridge,  York 

TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— The  Adver- 
tiser  can  recommend  a  young  man  as  Second,  where  two 
are  kept ;  has  been  under  him  five  years.  Would  like  to  be  In- 
doors and  Out.  Age  22,  single.— Mr.  J.  HODGES.  Head  Gar- 
dener, Great  Walstead,  Lindfield,  Sussex. 

O  GARDENERS   and   NURSERYMEN. 

—Advertiser  (Age  22),  wants  situation  in  a  Garden  or 
Nursery.  Five  years'  experience,  with  good  references.  —  F, 
MAVNE,  Manor  Cottage,  Lower  Kingswood,  Reigate,  Surrey. 

cTnURSERYMEN.— A  young  Man  wishes 

re-engagement  in  a  Nursery  (age  23).  Seven  years'  ex- 
perience in  good  nurseries.  Good  references.— JOHN  KIRK, 
The  Nurseries,  Woodhall  Spa,  Horncastle,  Lincolnshire. 

To  nurserymen"  and  "florists.-^ 
Advertiser  seeks  a  situation  in  either  of  the  above  ;  over 
seven  years'  experience  in  Cucumber,  Tomato,  Flowers  and 
Vine  Growing,  &c.— X.  Y.  Z.,  G.  Gidge,  Mapledurwell, 
Basingstoke,  Hants. 


To  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted  a  situation 
by  a  young  Man  (age  23I  in  a  good  Garden.  Four  years 
in  present  situation,  both  inside  and  out.  —  EDWARD 
PEPPER.  Buckminster,  near  Grantham,  Leicestershire. 

f^ro    GARDENERS,    &c.— A    young    man, 

-L      desirous  of  Learning  the  profession  of  Gardening,  would 


To  Nurserymen  and  Others. 

SALESMAN  or  GROWER.— Well  known  in 
Covent  Garden.      Good  references.  —  G.    GREGORY, 
4.  Wickham  Lane.  Welling,  Kent. 

'■PRAVELLER,   in    the    Nursery   and    Seed 

-I-  Trade.  — Has  represented  a  wholesale  House  all  over  the 
kingdom.  Thorough  knowledge  of  all  Outdoor  Nursery  Stock 
and  ils  value.— R.  M  ,  Gardtntrs'  Chronicle  Office.  41,  Welling, 
ton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

TRAVELLER. — Age  26  ;  ten  years'  experi- 
ence in  the  Nursery  Trade  Excellent  English  and  con- 
tinenUl  references.— TRAVELLER,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London.  E. 

SEEDSMAN,  MANAGING  SHOPMAN.— 
Good  experience  in  Agricultural,  Vegetable  and  Flower 
Seeds,  Flower  Roots.  Plants.  Implements,  and  Manures.  Good 
knowledge  ol  Buying.— T.  D.,  152,  Haund^ditch,  London.  E. 

SHOPMAN. — Thirteen  years'  experience   in 
all  branches,  good  reference. — T.  S  ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
OfBce,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN,  WAREHOUSEMAN,  or 
SALESMAN.— Age  37,  mar.-ied  ;  t*enty  years'  London 
and  Provincial  experience  in  Wholesale  and  Retail  Houses. 
Good  knowledge  of  Nursery  Stock  References.  —  H.  M., 
86,  Oliphant  Street,  Queen's  Park,  London,  W. 

S""HOPMAN,^or  SECOND.— Age  23;  eight 
years'  experience  in  all  departments  of  the  Seed  and 
Bulb  Trade.  Six  years  with  one  of  the  leading  London  Houses. 
First-class  references.  —  S.  GEORGE,  lo,  Victoria  Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (ASSISTANT). — Age  20;  six 
years'  experience.  Well  acquainted  with  all  departments 
of  the  business.— H.  G.,  Gaydtners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

T~  O  SE^ED  MERCHANTS.— Mr.  Edward 
Holmes,  Whittington  Nurseries,  near  Lichfield,  wishes 
to  recommend  to  any  one  requiring  the  services  of  a  steady, 
respectable  young  Man,  who  has  had  six  years'  experience  in 
the  Seed  Department,  W.  Moojy,  aged  20  years,  who,  Mr. 
E.  H.  feels  assured,  would  render  every  satisfaction. — FuU  par- 
ticulars  upon  application. 

SEED  TRADE.— A  young  man  (age  20), 
with  four  years'  experience  in  Agricultural  and  Garden 
Seed  Trade,  wishes  engagement.- LAING  and  MATHER, 
Seed  Merchants  and  Nurserymen,  Kelso,  N  B. 

PORTE  R. — Thoroughly  experienced  in 
cleaning  and  Preparation  of  Garden  Seeds.  Execution 
of  Orders,  and  all  branches  of  the  Business.  Good  character. — 
W,  C,  3P,  Fenelon  Road,  Kensington,  S  W.  


H 


ANDY    MEN. — Two  young   Men  require 

situations.     Plumbers  and  Painters  in  general :  in  town 
ntry. — B.  E.,    3,    Pine  Street,  Exmouth  Street,  Clerken- 
II,  London,  E.C. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  are  strongly  recom- 
mended  to  all  persons  who  are  much  reduced  in  powtr 
and  condition,  whose  stomachs  are  weak,  and  whose  nerves  are 
shattered.  The  beneficial  effects  of  thesfe  Pills  will  be  per- 
ceptible after  a  few  days'  trial,  though  a  more  extended  course 
may  be  required  to  re-establish  perfect  health.  HoIIoway's 
medicine  acts  on  the  organs  ot  digestion,  and  induces  complete 
regularity  in  the  stomach,  liver,  pancreas,  and  kidneys.  This 
treatment  is  both  safe  and  certain  in  result,  and  is  thoroughly 
consistent  with  observation,  experience,  and  common  sense. 
The  purification  of  the  blood,  the  removal  ol  all  noxious  matter 
from  the  secretions,  and  the  excitement  of  gentle  action  in  the 
bowels,  aie  the  sources  of  the  curative  powers  of  HoIIoway's  Pills. 


320 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  4,  1886. 


BOULTON   k    PAUL,   NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 
'  MACHINE, 

With  Powerful  Garden 
Engine,  combined. 

This  implement  is  most 
useful  in  large  gardens  ;  is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread- 
er for  distributing  water  or 
liquid  manure.  Waterpots 
and  pails  can  be  filled  when 
the  spreader  is  not  in  use. 

Cash  Price— Carriage  Paid. 
;  Complete  (s?  galls.)  Zs  los. 

IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No.  66  (or  200  ft.  }^-in.  tubing  ..  los.  6d. 
No.  67  for  2CO  ft.  !'8-in.  tubing  . .  121.  fid. 
No.  68  for  200  ft.  K-in.  tubing  . .  tsi.  ad. 

Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


F 


Cash  Prices. 
18  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  {.x  12s. 
3o.Rall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  i,t. 
36-gall.    Barrow,    with    Oak 
^  Tub,  l2  2J. 

CATALOG^^a/  GARDEN   IMPLEMENTS 
sent  free  on  application. 

BOULTON    <&    PAUL,     NORWICH. 

LAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or   Walks  under   Trees.      Prices,   id.,   iod., 
and  ir.  per  yard  run. 

The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY.  Brighouse,  Yorks. 

TH08.  W.   ROBINSON, 

DRNNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


The  Best 

and  Quickest 

Uade. 


1,  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4*.  jrf.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  td.  each. 
Full  Illustrated  Rev.sed  Price  List  on  atplUatiUn. 


HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 


I N  S  P  F  L    r  I  O  N         INVITED 
261630  Superflclal  Feet  of  Glass 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER. 

HOT- WATER   PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  de;cription. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Ventilating 

Arrangement 

for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    BAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PUHPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

lUuatrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 


CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


UPPEE 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Inches  to  66  Inches  long. 


GEOUND     STEEET,     LONDON, 

(TELEOKAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  ijth  Edition,  price  is. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


S.E. 


PATENT    RELIANCE    ROTARY 
VALVES. 


A  GOLD  MED4L  {^thtktgJust 


I  Buildings  0  tJie  Society  of  Architects.     Greenhouses  of  every 
"  "  kind  designed,  erected, 

and  heated.  Con- 
structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least  ob- 
struction to  light  and 
sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  unusual  facilities, 
dely  competition. 
Gentlemen  will  do  well  to 


obtair 


,  Estir 


frtn 


hich  no  charge 
is  made,  before  placing 
their  orders  elsewhere. 

Illustrated  Catalogues 
free.     Richly  Illustrated 

-r'  Catalogue,  containing 
over  60  Plates  of  Winter 
Gardens,  Conserz'atoriest 
Vitt^ries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses,  &'c  ,  re- 
cently erected  by  M.  «5j* 

"*"    Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER   &  COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


s  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  < 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor ;"  Advertisements  and  BV.3.U.— ^-...-...  —      -   ,    .  .  ■ 

Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  m  t 
;,  Bt  the  Office,  41,  WellingtM  Street,  Parish  of  St.  PaiU's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Connty.— Satukdav,  September  4,  i886, 


said  William  K 


.  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  tho 
Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hsywood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatjlifiijeli  1841. 


Na663.— Vol.  XXVI.  {series.}    SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  ii.  1886.     ] P^o^fXensTJie^^^^^^^^^ 


CONTENTS. 


Books :  - 

How  to  grow  Peaches, 
Nectarines.and  Pears 
on  open  walls 
Bo'anical  Magazine,  the 
British  Association,  the. . 
Burdocks  and  Ferns 
Carters',    Messrs  ,    odds 

and  ends  at 
Cattleya  guttata  Leopold! 

immaculata 
Centigrade  and   Fahren- 


Chelsea,  the  physic  gar- 


Cypripedium  callosuir 
Dropmore . . 
Fig  trees  from  seed 
Flo  ■      ■  ~ 


Miltonia  Peetersiana 


.stlec 


;.Tyn 


Oncidium  Polletti: 
Orchid- houses,  the 
Orchid  notes         . . 
Papaver  pavonlnum 
Peas,  mildewed    .. 
Pea  Telephone    . . 
Phrynium  variegatum  .. 
Plants  and   their  culture 
Plants,  the  history  of    . . 
Poole,  public  park  for    . . 
Royal  Caledonian  Horti- 


r  garden,  the 

Fruit  notes 

Fruits  under  glass 

Gardens,  allotments,  and 
small  holdings  fur  la- 
bourers . . 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  ths.. 

Hazet  nuts 

Hyacinth,  Tulip,  and 
other  Dutch  bulbs 

Jasmine,  the  hardy 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

Kntphofia  aloides  as  a 
bee  trap. . 

Larlia  Batemaniana        . . 

Market  plants 


Scotch  notes 

Brighton 

Crystal  Palace  and  Na- 
tional Dahlia 

Moor  Park 

Royal  Horticultural   .. 
Spirarithes      Romanzovi- 

ana.  the  last  of . . 
Stephanotls.   a  floriferous 
Surplus    gardeners,     and 


do  ' 


33S 


Teak    wood 
making  in  Siam 
I  Tobacco,  Carters'  exp 

„    in  Shropshire 
I       ,,     the     cultivation 
I  Devonshire 

Trees  and  Shrubs 
Vegetable  teratology 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Chelsea,  the  Cedar  at 

Chelsea,  the  statue  at 

Ferula  glauca       

Papaver  pavoninum 
Xanthochymus  pictorius 


SCBSCBIBEBS     TO 
J^HE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    regularly,    are   particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 
NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


Now  Ready,  In  clotb,  16s. 
^HE  GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

1         Volume  XXV.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


A     L 


THIRD  A     N     N     U 

APPLE    and    PEAR    SHOW, 
at  EXETER,   OCTOBER  21   and  aa,  1886. 
43  Classes  open  to  all  England. 
ONE     HUNDRED  AND   FORTY    PRIZES. 
No  entrance    Fees. 
For  Schedules  and  Rules,  apply  to 

J.  I.  PENGELLY,  Hon.  Sec. 
Guildhall,  Exeter. 


AZALEA  MOLLIS,  for  forcing. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  splenrfid  2-yr.  seedlings,  at  51.  i,er 
10.  AZALF.A  INDICA  HOTEIA  JAPONICA,  RHODO- 
DENDRON, FICUS,  KENTIA.  LATANIA  PALMS,  in 
store  pot«.     All  very  well  grown  and  cheap.     To  be  had  from 

O.  BURVENICH-DE  WINNE.  Genlbrugge,  near  Ghent, 
Belgium.  CATALOGUES  to  be  had  free  on  application  10 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  go,  Lower  Th.mes  St..  London.  E  C. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

The  Three  Best  Sorts. 
PRESIDENT,  )  Well-established,  in  small 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON.  \     PMs,  71.  "  per  100.  70J. 

VICOMTESSE  H.  DETHURY,        ^^  '°~  ^    ""t  °'   "o'^- 
1      5^  per  100,  45J  per  1000. 
Cash.      Extra  i^lants  for  carriage.     Package  free.     Specially 
prepared  for  forcing  or  planting   out.    Sure  to  produce  heavy 
crops  next  year. 
H.  I.  HARDY,  Stour  Valley  Seed  Grounds,  Bures,  Suffolk. 


o 


Bulb  Catalo^ae. 
UR  GENERAL  LIST 

of  BULBS  and  LILIES  for  Auiumn  Planting  (No.  84), 
now  published.     Any  Customer  not  having  received  a  Copy, 
equested  to  apply  for  one. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY.  Colchester. 


'PREE  CARNATIONS,  Twelve  best  kinds, 
-L  showy  plants,  251.  per  100  ;  BOUVARDIAS,  fine  plsnis 
ineightbest  kinds.  25J.  per  100:  INDIARUBBER  PLANTS, 
nice  stuff,  50s.  per  100;  POINSETTIAS.  good  plants,  251. 
per  100.— W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 

Ferns— Ferna-Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  now  offers  an  immense  stock  of 
•  these,  consisting  of  all  the  most  useful  varieties  for  or- 
namental pots,  or  for  growmg  on  ;  16^.  per  loa.  cash  with  order. 
Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton 

F  R  I  C  A  N  TUBEROSES. 

I.ILIUM  HARRISIIand  CANDIDUM. 

DOUBLE   WHITE    ITALIAN  HYACINTHS. 

NARCISSUS   PAPER  WHITE  and   DOUBLE    ROMAN. 

HOOPER  AND  CO.  offer  the  above,  in  splendid  quality  and 

OD  better  terms  than  any  other  house. 

Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 


ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  36^. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  aoplication. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 

Roses— Roses— Rosea. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  have  a  Urge  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROStS  in  all  iha  leading  varieties  :  also  a 
fine  stock  of  M  ARfeCHAL  NIEL.  GLOIRt  DE  DIJON,  and 
other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices  on 
application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston.  Liverpool. 


H 


few 


Tree  Carnations  and  Fema. 
B.  MAY  invites  visitors  to  London   to 

t     iaspect    his  unrivalled    stock   of    the  above.       Silver 
and  Angel  Road   Stations,  G.  E.  Railway,  are  within  a 

Ik  of  the  nursery. 

id's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 


c 


7    ARGE    PEACH    and    NECTARINE 

-1^  TREES.  Fan  Trained.— Early  Louise.  Grosse  Mig- 
nonne.  Hale's  Early.  &c.,  in  splendid  condition.  Give  a  lull 
crop  the  first  year,  instead  of  waiting  seven.  Can  remain  uniil 
auiumn.     Call  and  see,  or  write  for  LIST  to 

W.  H.  DIVERS,  Ketton  Hall,  Stamford. 
Also    several    large     SPARMANNIA     A  F  R  I  C  A  N  A. 

Hyaclntlis,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Llllea,  &c. 
G.   VAN   TUBERGEN,    Jun.,    Haarlem, 

•  Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Clutched  Friars,  London,  EC. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 

•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well-grown 
slock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties)  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN.  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS:  GAR- 
DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVI L- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  pots.  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL   SALE    by  AUCTION  wUl    be    held    on 
TUESDAY.  September  14. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee.  S  E. 


s 


TRAWBERRIES.— A    Desciiptive 

CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-fiee  on  application. 

Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


THOS  RIVERSandSGN.Nu 


OVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 

-«     Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rootad,  from  leading  varieties. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  3^. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers.  Driffield. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market 

Apply  R.  GILBERT.  High  Park.  Stamford. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  lo 
yards,  each  at  \os.  per  yard.  Id  bags,  at  w.  dd.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  sr.  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loi  td.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  ^s.  td.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro*  Station,  Hants. 


Floral  CommlBBlon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obiam  the  highest  market  prices.  Ail  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


WANTED    AT     ONCE,    Two    Specimen 
Plants  of  VALOTTA    PURPUREA,    not  less  than 
15  inches  in  diameter.     Full  particulars  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  ParadUe  Nurseries.  Upper 


Holloway.  Londo: 


N. 


H, 


F 


Address  Wanted  of 
H.  CHESS  HI  RE,   late   of    Harborne, 

formerly  of  Chateau  du  Val.  St.  Germains.  France 
H     CANNELL    and    !>0NS,    Swanley.    Kent. 

OR      SALE,    five    very     fine,     large 
CAMELLIAS.  e.icli  above  thi  ty  years  dd. 
Apply,  Mr.  GEORGE  ROBSON,  Gardener.  Corbridge. 

OUBLE     SOUTH     AFRICAN     TUBE- 

ROSE  BULBS  (Grown  by  Edwards  &  Bell,  Mariiz- 
burg.  Natal,)— First  importations  this  season,  aid  "second 
to  none  "  ever  sent  from  Natal.     Send  for  quotations,  to  ihe 

PERCY  J.  POOL  and  CO..  4.  Bishopsgate  Street.  E.C. 
See  illustration  of  our  Plantation  in  this  Journal  of  July  10. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  lar.  to  24^,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants.  Worcester. 


Tbere  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Rsiser. 
the  Raiser  supplier  a-yr.   and  3-yr.  old  plants  at   31.    each. 
All  llie  finfrtld  kinds  at  \s.  to  ar.  each. 

SPIR.KA  PALMATA.— The  fir.e.t  forcing  clusters  in  the 
wotld.  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE.  BaRshot. 

New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMUM 

(Firstclass   Ccrtificite).-See  full  description   in   Gar- 
deners Chronicle,  July  to. 

Strong  he.>llhy  plants,  in  4-ioch  pots,   each,    5J.  and  7r.  (>d.  \ 
6  for  2'r,  and  ^os 

E.   G.    HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pme-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 

Camellias,  Azaleas,  RhododendronB,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  tor  Engli.h  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  I-occhris'y,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALIOGUE  now  leady,  and  may  be  had 


Messi 


applic 


Hardy  Perennial  Chrysanthemums, 

MAXIMUM  and  U  L  I  G  I  N  O  S  U  M 
(see  illustrations  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  August  28). 
Plants,  ()i.  each  ;  six  for  31 ;  51.  td.  per  dozjn  ;  aoi.  per  100. 
Cash  wiih  order  lor  delivery  in  October. 

S.  COOPER.  The  Nurseries.  Hadleigh,  Suffolk. 


To  tlie  Trade. 

HOLLIES.  —  Wanted,  price  per  looo  for 
well  formed  Common  Hollies,  3  to  3 14  feet  high,  for 
general  planting.  Must  have  been  Iransplauted  not  later  than 
spring  of  1885.  Price  to  include  free  delivery  in  trucks  at 
K.mgsc<.te  StAtioD,  London.  Brighton,  and  South  Coast  Railwav. 
Address.  T.  SPANSWICK,  the  GardenO^Qfi,  37,  South- 
ampton Sueel,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tions. &c.  — Lalania  botbonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  and 
PhcEtiix  reclinata,  seedling?,  12  inches  high,  41.  per  doz,  ;  25^, 
per  100.  Latania  borbnnica.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  Euterpe  edulis,  Phceoix  reclinata,  and  Coryphi  australis, 
ao  inches  high.  izj.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  \s.  ^d.  each. 
Packaees  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order,  A  few 
large  Feathery  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stam'ord  Hill,  London,  N. 

CARNATION  "PRIDE  of  PENSHURST." 
—The  most  beautiful  yeUow  (First-class  Certificate  Royal 
Horticultural  Society).  Vigorous  grower,  perpetual  bloomer, 
suitable  for  either  pot  culture  or  borders,  perfectly  hardy,  forces 
well.  Healthy,  well  rooted  planU,  established  in  pots,  of  this 
lovely  variety,  izr.  per  dozen  ;  sample  plant  post-free  for 
fifteen  penny  stamps. 

F.  WEBBER,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

KENTIA  SEEDS. — For  prices  of  fresh  im- 
ported Seeds  of  Kenlia  belmoreanx,  Forsteriana,  and 
Canterbury  ana,  write  to 

H.  UAMMANN,  Jun  ,  Breslan.  Germany. 

Grape  Vines 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
Slock  of  GRaPE  vines,  clean,  robust,  and  healihy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  (he 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5^.  and  7^.  dd.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Cane5,  lor.  td  and  laj,  dd.  each. 

The  Vineyard.  Garston.  Liverpool. 

To  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FUWLER,  and  CO. 
(Limited)  having  nojv  Published  their  «^:c.  and  reduced 
PRICE  LIST  of  Horticultural  Sundries,  will  be  pleased  to  send 
it  on  application  with  Trade  Card  to  any  who  may  not  have  re- 
ceived It  i8,  Finsbury  Street,  London,  E.C. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  al! 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  m  tins,  u.,  zs.  6d.,  5^.  6d., 
and  loj.  6rf.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mill-, 
Sheffield.  AUo  pure  CRUSH  ED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


322 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Sei-TEMBER   tl,    1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  hi5  Great  Rioms  38.  Kini;  Stre.:t, 
Cov^nt  Gaiden,  W.Cevi^ry  MONDAY,  WKUNEsDAY,  and 
SATURUaV,  firstclais  Bulbs  from  Holland,  lotttd  to  suit  all 
Buy< 


Onv 


;  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next-(nale  No.  7210.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  fiK  ORCHIDS  IN  FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W  C,  on  THURSDAY  NEX  f,  September  16. 
at  half-past  la  o'Clock  precisely,  a  fine  COLLECTION  of 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER,  includii.g  Cattleya  aurea,  C.  Gas- 
kelliana.  Odontoglossom  grande.  splendid  plants 
O  Roezlii,  D.  formosum  giganteum.  D  bigibbum  (darl 
Saccolabium  Blnmei  majus  (specimen  plants),  &c.  ;  also 
fine  large  White  CAMLLLIAS- 

On  view  morning  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-cSale  No.  72:0) 

VALUABLE  IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED 

ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  -,8.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W  C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  Seo- 
cember  16,  a  fine  lot  of  CENTRAL  AMERICAN  ORCHIDS, 
aomprising  fine  specimens  of  Cypripedium  caudatura,  Frezia 
cmabilis  (new  and  very  rare),  Masdevallia  erythrochaete  gra- 
t  lis,  Warscewiciella  discolor,  Trichopilia  lepida,  T.  suavis 
a  ba  (true),  Odontoglossum  Kramerii,  and  many  othtr 
ORCHIDS  from  Mr.  R.  Pfau  :  also  semi-established  niants  of 
OrONTOGLOSSUM  WALLISI,  O.  RAMOSSIStlMUM, 
LyELIA  PATINII  (new)  ANGULOAS,  BOLLEA 
LALINDEI,  B.  PATINII,  liURLINGTONIA  FRAGRANS 
ROSEA,  &c,,  collected  by  Mr.  C.  Patin.  of  Antioquia. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68  Cheapiide,  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SAlURDdV,  at  half-past  tt  o'clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISS:-US.and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogue.,  had. 

Moudiy  Next. 

30,000  DOUBLE  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  sale  of  BULBS  on  MONDAY 
NEXT,  30,000  DOUBLE  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES.  Very 
fine  bulbs  in  cases  as  received. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale  atid  Catalogues  had. 

Sales  Next  Week. 

GREAT   HORTICULTURAL    SALE   WEEK. 

ANNUAL  TRADE   SALES  of  WINTER-FLOWERING 

HEATHS.  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  have  arranged  these 
Sales  for  next  week  as  follows  :  — 

MONDAY,  September  13,  Great  Sale  of  DUTCH  BULBS, 
at  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS'  ROOMS. 

TUESDAY,  September  14,  at  the  BURNT  ASH  LANE 
NURSERIES.  LEE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  B.  Mailer 
&  Sons,     (See  following  Advertisement.) 

WEDNESDAY,  September  15.  at  the  NURSERIES,  LEA 
BRIDGE  ROAD,  LLYTON,  E..  by  order  of  Mr.  J. 
Eraser.     (See  following  Advertisement  ) 

THURSDAY,  September  16,  Great  Sale  of  DUTCH  BULBS 
at  PROTHEROE  and   MORRIS'  ROOMS. 
„    At  the  BRUNSWICK  NURSERIES,  TOTTENHAM, 
by  order  of  Mr.   J.  Mailer.     (See  following  Advertise- 
ment.) 

FRIDAY,  September  t7.  Great  Trade  Sale  of  4500  ESTA 
BLISHED  ORCHIDS,  without  Reserve,  at  PRO- 
THEROE AND  MORRIS'  ROOMS,  by  order  of  Mr. 
F.  Sander. 
„  At  the  LONGLANDS  NURSERIES,  SIDCUP,  by 
)rder  of    Messrs.   Gregory  &    Evans.     (See  following 


Adv. 


SATURDAY.    September  18,   Sale  of   DUTCH  BULBS,   at 
PKuTHEROE    AND  MORRIS'  ROOMS. 
„    At    the     DYSON'S     LANE     NURSERY,     UPPER 
EDMONTON,   by  ord^r  of  Mr.    H.  B.    May.     (See 
following  Advertisement  ) 
Catakgues  of   the    Auctioneers    and  Valuers,    67    and    68, 
Cheapsioe,  E.C. 

Lee,  Kent,  SE. 
GREAT    ANNUAL    TRADE     SALE   to  commence  punc- 
tually at  ji  o'clock,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number 

M°e"sSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs,  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
Lee.  S.E,  adjoining  the  Railway  .Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
September  14   at  !i  o'Clock  punctually,  without  reserve. 

25.0C0  WINTER-BLOOMI.-MG  HEATHS, 
beautifully  g-OA'n  and  remarkably  well  set  with  bloom-buds, 
including  15,000  Erica  hvt^malis,  5003  Gracilis,  and  large 
quantities  of  Melanthera,  Ventricosa,  Perspicua  erecta,  Cavcii- 
disbii,  and  other  best  kinds  :  also  a  large  quantity  of  small  Erica 
hyemalis  for  growing  on  ;  8000  SOLANUM  CAPSICAS- 
TRUM,  unusually  well  berried  ;  6000  BOUVARDIAS, 
including  Lemoine's  New  Doubles  :  2000  GENISTAS,  very 
fine  .  1000  CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM  :  2000  ADIANTUM 
CUNEATU.VI;  3000  LOMARIA  GIBBA,  true,  compact 
variety,  and  other  FERNS  ;  500  EPACRIS,  well  grown;  a 
quantity  of  extra  strong  Mar^chal  Niel  and  other  Tea  ROSES  ; 
fine  H  nghsh-grown  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS.  GREVILLE* 
ROBUiTA.  PALMS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREEN- 
HOUSE PASSIFLORAS,  POINSETTIAS.  AMPELOPSIS 
VEirCHII  ;  a  fine  lot  of  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA, 
STEPHANOTIS,  and  other  stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  aud  68,  Cheapside, 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  in- 
tending Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  abo\o.  The 
Plants  are  remarkably  well-grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and 
the  whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good  condition  as   in 


Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Leyton. 

Annual  Sale  of  winter-blooming  and  olher  HEATHS,  remark- 
ably  wtll  grjwn,  and  including  HYEMALIS.  GRACILIS, 
HYBRIDA,  and  others:  100  EPACRIS,  of  the  choicest 
kinds;  4000  CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  Eraser's  superb 
strain;  400  GENISTAS;  Tea-scented  and  Noisette 
RO>ES;  4000  SOLA N'UM  CAPsICASTRUM,  in  berry  ; 
400  DOUBLE  WHITE  PkIMULAS;  4000  BOUVAR- 
DIAS. well  set;  healthy  young  plants  ol  LAPAGERIA 
ROSEA  SUPERBA,  CLEMATIS  INDIVISA  LO- 
BATA,  and  other  greenhouse  Climbers;  a  beautiful  lot 
of  HOLLYHOCKS,  nam^d  sorts;  1000  early  floweilng 
and  other  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  ;  200  MaiiS-hal  Niel 
and  Olher  ROSES,  from  7  to  10  feet  ;  a  larce 
quantity  of  fine  plants  ol  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII; 
3000  CLEMATIS  JACKMANNl  and  others,  a  splendid 
lot  of  variegated  IVIES,  8000  GENISTAS  for  growing  on, 
and  olher  stock. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Eraser  to  SELL  the 
above  valuable  Stock  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The 
Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Levton,  E,  (a  lew  minutes'  walk 
from  the  Hoe  Street  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway),  on 
WEDNESDAY,  September  15,  at  it  o'Clock  precisely,  in 
consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises ;  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London.  E.C  ,  and  Leytonstone. 

Tottenham.  N. 

Great  Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Winter  Flowering  Heaths,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  &c.  To  commence  punctually  at 
II  o'clock,  there  being  upwards  of  1200  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Joho  Mailer,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  premises.  The  Brunswick  Nursery,  Tottenham 
(close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Siaiion,  G.  E.  Ry.),  on  THURS- 
DAY, September  16.  at  11  o'Clock  precisely,  without  reserve, 
20,000  Winter-blooming  Heaths,  beautifully  grown,  and  abund- 
antly set  with  flower  buds,  including  Hyemalis,  Gracilis,  cafi"fa, 
Wilmorea  and  olher  best  kinds. 
1000  Epacris.  in  be 
5000  well  grown  Fei 


,  best  ' 


varieties  I  4000  Tree  C: 
1,  includ-  rieties 

5000  Solanums,        remarkably 

well  her,  ied 
5000  Bouvardias,  including  the 
loured  I  new  doubles 

500  Ficus  elattica  |  4000  GenUtas. 

Thousands  small  Ericas,  Genistas.  Ferns,  &g..  for  growing  on  ; 
large  Camellias  and  Azaleas  for  cutting,  Gulden  Euoaymus,  and 
the  usual  great  variety  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  suitable 
for  the  Trade  and  extensive  buyers. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C  ,  and  Leytonstone. 

N.B.— The  whole  of  the  Stock  is  in  first-rate  condition,  the 
Ericas  being  especially  well  set  for  flower. 


Sldcap,  Kent.  S.E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  Winter-llowerlng 
HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS,  forming  one  of  the  largest 
collections  ever  submitted  to  the  Public.  The  stock  of 
Heaths  is  unrivalled  (without  doubt  the  finest  lot  ever 
offered  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans),  the  plants  being 
particularly  well  grown,  beautilully  set  with  flower,  and 
worthy  of  inspection  by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  S;  Evans  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Longtands  Nursery, 
Sidcup  (ten  minutes'  walk  from  Pope  Street  Station,  South- 
Eastern  Kailway)  on  FRIDAY,  September  17,  at  11  o'Clock 
precisely  (there  being  upwards  of  i2?o  lots),  an  enormous 
quantity  of  unusually  well-grown  WINTER-BLOOMING 
HEATHS  aud  other  PLANTS,  including  :— 


Erica  Cavendishii 


,  Tea     Rose- 
Solanums 


20,000  Erica     hyemalis,     well 
set,  and  E.  hyemalis 
superba 
4,000  Erica  gracilis 
i,ox)    ,.    melanthera 
4,000    „    ventricosa  and  per- 

Thousands  of  small  HEATHS  for  growing  on.  &c. 
The  stock  is  now  on  view.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  &  68,  Cheapside,  Lcndon. 
E.G., and  Leytonstone. 


1  cuneatum. 


Upper  Edmonton. 

The    FIRST    ANNUAL    SALE  of  30,000  beautifully  grown 
GREENHOUSE  and  other  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  B.  May,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premise?,  Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper 
Edmonton,  on  SATURDAY,  September  18  at  12  o'clock 
punclually,  30,000  GREENHOUSE  and  STOVE  PLANTS, 
remarkably  well  grown  and  in  the  best  possible  condition, 
Cfimpiising  lo.oo'j  Tree  Carnations,  including  a  valuable  lot 
of  Miss  Joliff^e,  Andalusia,  Lucifer.  &c.;  2000  Tea  Roses  in 
Ptits.  of  the  best  sorts  ;  3000  variegated  Ivies,  icoo  Clematis, 
finest  varieties;  5C00  Ferns,  beautilully  grown,  and  including 
Adiiotiim  cuneatum,  Farieyense,  Pacotti.  &c  :  Pteris  cretica 
Mavii  (1  lovely  new  Fern).  Davallias,  and  others;  looa  Ampe- 
lopsis  Veitchii,  500  Azaleas,  Fielder's  White  :  and  4000 
MISCELLANEOUS  PLANT.S.  such  as  EngliNh-erown 
CAMELLIAS,  EUCHARIS.  D-^uble  PRIMULAS,  DRA- 
C/ENAS,  GENISTAS,  MYRTLES,  ^c. 

May  now  ba  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  &  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G., 
and  Ley  I 


The  Celebrated  Femfleld  (Bridge  of  Allan) 

COLLECTION    ol     ESlAbLliHtD    oRCHIDj,    lormed 
during  the  past  thirty  years,  the  whole  of  which  aie  in  the 
best  possible  condition. 
For  Sale,  by  oider  of  Dr.  Pate.son,  entirely  without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Oeaoiiie,  London, 
E.G..  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  September  2t  and 
2.,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  his  entire  COLLECTION 
of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS.  The  plants  are  in  the  most 
health,    and  amongst   them   will    be   found   the   fol- 


Frlday  Next. 

SPECIAL    TRADE    SALE,    WITHOUT    RESERVE. 
4SOO  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  bv  AUC- 
TION at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside. 
London,  E.G.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  17,  at  Half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  4503  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  com- 
prising all  leading  kinds. 

This  Sale  offers  a  splendid  opportunity  to  the  Trade  and  large 

buyers  for  securing  healthy  well-grown  Orchids,  and  Gentlemen 

forming  collections  should  not  fail  to  apply  for  a  catalogue. 

The  entire  4500  plants  will  be  sold  without  the  least  reserve. 

On  view  mornipg  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


lowm;_ 
Lycaste  Skinnerii  alba 
Coeiogyne    Gardneriana,    very 
fine  plant 
,,     cristata,  Chatsworth  va- 
riety, large  plant 
Laslia    elegans    Tumerii,  said  1 
to  be  the  finest  plant 
in  the  country 
,,     elegans  alba  , 

,,     putpurata  alba  j 

,,     Perrinii  alba 
Cjpripedium  Dominianum 

.,     villo^um  I 

,.     Dayanum 
Anguloa  Clowesii,  grand  plant    I 

Saccolabium  gemmatum  ' 

, .     Reichenbacbia  I 

Cattleya   Triana;,    magnificent 
variety 
On  view  morning  of  Sal 


„    suavis.     Dr.     Paterson'a 

variety 
.,     tricolor  Patersonii 
Cymbidium  Lowianum 

„     giganteum 
Odontoglossum        Alexand'ec, 
large  plants  and   floe 

,,     Klabochorum 


ihad. 


Flowering  Orchids.— special  Sale 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  the  above,  will  lake  place  on  TUESDAY.  September  28. 
for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of 
ENTRIES  as  soon  as  possible. 

Here  lord. 

In  Liquidation.      The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Company, 

Limited. 

NINE   DAYS'  SALE. 

GREAT    UNRESERVED    CLEARANCE     SALE   of   the 

whole    of  the  well-grown    NURSERY    STOCK,    now    in 

splendid  condition,  and  extending  over  80  acres  of  ground, 

being  one  of  the  largest  Auctions  held  for  many  years. 

Important    to     the    Trade    and    others     largely    engaged     in 

planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  by  AUG  f ION.  on  the  Premises,  The  King's  Acre 
Nurseries,  near  Hereford,  on  MONDAY.  October  4,  and  eight 
following  days,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  the  whole  of 
the  unusually  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has 
been  carefully  prepared  for  removal,  and  is  now  in  excellent 
and  thriving  condition  To  convey  an  idea  of  its  magnitude , 
the  following  items  may  be  mentioned  :  — 

Enormous   quantities  of  Conifers,  including  splendid  speci- 
from  6  to  ao  feet  in  height,  and  thousands  of  younger 


pla: 


)  standard  Ornamental 
Trees,  consisting  of 
Planes,  extra  fine 
Purple  Beech,  double 
Scarlet  Thorns,  &c. 
D  Forest  Trees,     Larch, 

Spruce.  &c. 
J  2-yr.  seedhng  Ash  and 

Oak 
3  3  yr-  to  5-yr.  Quick 
D  Aucubas  of  sons 
3  English  Yews,  various 

2,503  Hollies  of  sorts 


i6,o. 


6o,c 


I  FruitTrees — analmost 
unrivalled  stock,  and 
which,  lor  treeness  of 
growth,  cannot  be 
surpassed,  compris- 
ing all  the  best  kinds 
Standard,    Pyn 


trained 


irf- 

Apples. 

ims,  Cher- 

d  Peaches 

;,&c. 


oco  2-yr.  Apple  and  Cherry 

stocks 
000  Seakale,  one  year  and 

000  Climbing  Plants 
,  and  other  Stock, 
xcepted)  prior  to  the  Sale, 


an.  colchica.  and 

11,500  Evergreen  and   On 

mental  Shrubs 
io,ooo  Deciduous  and  Flow 
ing  Shrubs 
Standard  and  D^arf  Rose's 
May  be  viewed  any  day  (Sunday  t 
Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctic 
and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,   and  Ley- 

N.B  —Purchasers  can  arrange  with  the  Manager,  at  the 
Nurseries,  to  have  tbeir  lots  lifted  and  conveyed  to  the  Here- 
ford Stations,  whence  goods  may  be  despatched  to  any  part  of 
the  country  withniit  change  of  truck 

Preliminary  Notice  of  Forthcoming  Sales 

UF  NURSERY  STOCK, 

Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Tnde  intending  to  Plant 

during  the  <-   „,...^  Season. 

ESSRS.    PROTHEROE  and    MORRIS 

beg  to  announce  that    they  hive    fixed    the   following 
Sales:- 

OCTOBER  4,  and  seven  following  days,  at  the  KING'S  ACRE 
NURSERIES,  near  Hereford,  by  order  of  the  Liqui- 
dator of  the  Cranston  Nursery  Company. 

OCTOBER  5,  at  the  UPPER  TOOITNG  PARK  NUR- 
SERIhS,  Upper  Tooting  Park,  S.W.,  by  order  of 
Mr.  C.  Youn^. 

OCTOBKR  13  and  14.  at  the  ELVASTON  NURSERIES, 
Fo.TOwash,  Derby,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Bairon  &  Sor. 

OCTOBER  15,  at  the  WoOD  LaNE  NURSERY,  Isleworth. 
bv  order  of  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son. 

OCTOCER  27  and  2S.-TW0  Days'  S^ile  at  the  AMERICAN 
NURSERIES,  Levtonstone. 

OCTOBER  19,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Kiibarn,  by  order  of 
Mr.  J.  B.  Goubert. 

OCTOBER  10,  20.  21,  at  the  AINGER  NURSERIES.  Cam- 
bridge, by  order  o'  Mrs    Trericeit 

OCTOBER  2Q  and  2r,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Brixtcn,  by  order 

ot  Messrs.  Ponsro:d  &  Son. 
NOVEMBER  2  and  3,  at  the   NURSERIES,  Groombndge, 


M 


bvc 


I  Mr.  E.  Holla 


NOVEMBER  s.atlheHALE  FAKM  NURSERIE', Totten- 
ham, by  order  of  Mr   T.  Ware. 

NOVEMBKR  <,atthe  EOWtR  and  IING  NURSERIES, 
Maidstone,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Frost  &  Sons. 

NOVEMBER  5.  at  the  NURSERY,   Fcliham,  by  order  of 
Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  S:,n. 

NOVEMBER  9  and  10,  at  the  ROYAL  NURSERIES,  Ascot, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  I.  Standish  &  Co. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  being  fixed,  and  wi 

in  future  Advertisements. 
Central  Auction  Rooms  and  EsUte  Offices,  67  and  68,  Cbup- 

side,  E.C. 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


323 


Catalogues  —Important  Notice. 

MESSRS.  PKOTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  compiled  permanent  Lists  of  those  to  whom  their 
Catalogues  are  forwarded  regularly,  which  enables  them  to  bring 
before  the  notice  of  probable  Buyers  all  classes  of  Sales. 

Gentlemen  wishing  to  have  their  names  entered  on  these 
Lists  are  requested  to  forward  their  full  Addresses  with  a  note 
of  their  particular  requirements,  when  Catalogues  will  be 
posted  free  of  charge. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 


Six  Days'  Sale  of 

THE  WHOLE  EXTENSIVE  NURSERY 
STOCK,  in  4000  Lots.  GREENHOUSES,  &c.,  belonging 
to  John  Stewart  &  Sons,  Dundee  and  Broughty  Ferry,  N.B., 
from  MONDAY,  Sept.  t3,  to  SATURDAY,  Sept.  18. 

The  Stock  is  in  well-grown  and  good  condition  for  removal 
this  Autumn,  and  consists  of  Choice  Specimens  of  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES,  EVERGREEN  and  FLOWERING 
SHRUBS,  CONIFERS.  RHODODENDRONS,  FOREST 
and  FRUIT  TREES,  GlJOSEBERRIES,  BLACK.  RED, 
and  WHITE  CURRANTS.  HERBACEOUS  FLOWER- 
ING PLANTS,  GREENHOUSE  and  STOVE  PLANTS, 
and  includes  50.000  SWEET  BRIER.  500,003  BIRCH, 
5O0O  IVIES.  ico.oooPINUS  MARITIMA,  25,000  LABURN- 
UMS, 3000  ROSE.S,  2o,coo  LAUKELS.  r5.coo  MANETTI 
STOCKS,  50000  PRIVET,  20,000  FRUIT  TREE  STOCKS, 
2003  STANDARD  LIMES.  2  00  LARGE  AUSTRIAN 
PINES,  1000  ARAUCARIAS,  5000  AUCUBAS,  ro.ooo 
HOLLIES.  1000  PURPLE  BEECH,  10  000  CURRANTS, 
jo,o;o  GOOSEBERRIES.  &c. 

Catalogue  on  application. 
ANDREW  MO.NCUR,  Auctioneer,  Dundee. 


w 


ANTED    TO    RENT     either   a    Private 

GARDEN,  with  Glasshouses  or  smalt  NURSE^IY. 
Address,  C.  Mr.  Beastey,  Earl's  Barton,  Northampton. 

To  Nurserymen,  Fruit  Growers,  &c. 

FOR  SALE,  situate  in  the  Parliamentary 
Borough  of  Bristol,  a  l^rge  and  well  appoiutsd 
BUSINESS  PREMISES,  well  stocked  and  in  full  working 
order,  comprising  nearly  20  Acre;  of  Freehold  Land,  tithes  free 
and  land  tax  redeemed,  with  all  Minerals,  which  include  large 
and  valuable  beds  of  Pennant  Scone  with  Coal  underlying.  The 
House,  built  six  years  ago,  is  large  and  convenient  ;  on  ground 
floor,  entrance  hall,  drawlng-roim  27  feet  by  16  feet,  dining- 
room,  i3  feet  by  16  feet,  breakfast-room,  two  kitchens,  larder, 
china  pantry,  aud  offices;  on  first  fl  jor.  five  bedrooms  and  la- ge 
room.  24  feet  by  16  feet,  used  as  billiard  room  and  library.  Tne 
Glasshouses  are  two  ornamental  Ferneries,  opening  from  draw- 
ing-room, large  Camellia-house,  two  Vineries,  each  55  feet  by 
16  feet ;  Rose-house,  64  feet  by  16  feet  ;  Fernery,  6,(  feet  by 
II  feet;  Cucumber-house,  64  feet  by  14  feet;  range  of  three 
Forcing-houses,  120  feet  long ;  Stove,  Propigating-house, 
Tomato-house,  range  of  Pits,  &c.,  with  several  hundred  hand- 
glasses. The  whole  is  heated  by  two  large  boilers,  and  Irjm 
3000  to  4ox>  feet  cf  hot-water  pipes. 

The  other  buildings  consist  of  two  nearly  new  Cottager, 
stabling  lor  three  horses,  potting  sheds.  Mushroom-house. 
64  feet  by  15  leet ;  range  of  tofts  used  as  fiuit-rooms,  &c., 
about  i8j  feet  long  ;  sheds,  &c.  The  Working  Stock  is  too  large 
and  T^iried  to  put  in  an  advertisement,  and  includes  many 
thousand  Standard,  Pyramid,  and  Bush  Fruit  Trees  ;  of  Pear* 
alone  there  are  over  1000  standard  and  pyramidal  trees  of  the 
choicest  and  best  bearing  kinds  ;  also  large  numbers  of  Cherry, 
Apple,  and  Plum  trees  ot  the  best  croppine  sons. 

The  greater  part  of  the  fruit  trees  have  been  planted  neatly 
twenty  years,  are  in  full  bearing,  and  the  crop  of  fruit  is  very 
heavy  and  valuable. 

Photographs  of  house.  &c.,  with  fuller  particulars,  or  to  view, 
apply  to  GEO.  HARDING.  Tne  Grove,  Fishponds,  Bristol. 


To  Florists.  Gentlemen's  Gardeners,  and  others. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  a  most  compact 
and  well-established  NURSERY  BUSINESS,  situate 
in  a  good  locality,  within  easy  di^iance  of  the  London  Maikets, 
and  only  a  few  minutes'  walk  from  two  Railway  Stations. 
There  are  seven  capital  Glass  Houses,  including  Show  House, 
Tool  House,  Stable.  Convenient  Dwelling- House,  &c.  A  rare 
opportunity  is  here  afforded  to  a  practical  young  man  of  energy 
and  perseverance,  of  acquiring  a  genuine  boni%  fide  business. 

Apply  to  Mr.  LANE,    Surveyor,   23,  Elam  Street,  Camber- 
well,  London,  S  E. 


Vlnstone  Nurseries,  near  Plymoutli. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  Lady-day  next,  for  a  Term 
ol  7,  14,  or  21  years,  these  wellknown  NURSERIES, 
for  many  years  so  successfully  carried  on  by  the  late  Mr.  Ponley, 
and  since  by  Mr.  Serpell,  situated  about  a  mile  from  Plymouth, 
over  8  Acres  in  extent,  with  a  Dwellmg-house,  Two  Gardener's 
Collages,  large  Greenhouses,  Melon-pit,  &c. 

Apply    to    WOOLCOMBE    and    PRIDHAM,     Solicitors, 
Plymouth. 

Little  Posbrook,  South  Hants. 

3j^    miles    from    Fareham    Railway    Station. 

To    MARKET    GARDENERS.    FLORISTS,    FRUIT 

GROWERS,  and  OTHERS. 

TO  LET,  with  immediate  possession,  solely 
in  consequence  of  the  dealh  of  the  Manager,  a  range  of 
30  VINERIES.  GREENHOUSES.  ORCHARD,  CUCUM- 
BER, and  TOMATO  HOUSES,  covering  abjut  i'^  acre 
The  Houses  are  heated  by  3  Boilers,  and  work  on  the  most 
economical  principles.  With  the  above  will  be  Let  14  acres  of 
LAND,  of  the  finest  quality,  partly  planted  with  Orchard 
Tiees,  now  in  full  bearing.  There  is  a  good  Manager's  House, 
and  I  Cottage.  The  climate  is  most  suitable,  and  one  of  the 
best  in  England  for  the  growth  of  Fruit,  Roses,  Cut  Flowers, 
or  for  Market  Garden  purposes.  The  whole  of  the  plant  and 
stock  may  be  taken  by  valuation  in  the  usual  way. 

Further  particulars   may    be   had    of    C.    B.    SMITH   and 
GOLDSMITH,  Fareham  and  Portsea,  Hants. 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


D 
D 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overvecn,  near  Haarlem,  Hollaud. 
Intending  purchasers  of  DuTCit  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Sons  Catalogue  for  ,886,  and  see  the  large 
savins  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower  The 
Cata'02ue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  ard  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane, 
St.  Maryat-HiU,  London,  E.C. 


SPECIAL  NOTICE 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS 

Has  this  year  been  favoured  with  the  Orders  for  the 

whole  of  the   BTJLBS   required  for  the 

following  London  Parks,  &c.,  viz, : — 

Hyde  Park.  I      Hampton  Court. 

Regent's  Park.  I      Finsbury  Park. 

Victoria  Pari 


Par 


Bethn 


Che 


r   Tenders,    in  open  contpetition,  having  been  accepted 
by  Her  Majesty's  Comntissiotters  of  Works  and 
the  Metropolitan  Beard  of  Works. 


EARLY    ORDERS    ARE    SOLICITED     FOR 

HYACINTHS  for  Pots  and  Beds. 
TULIPS  ,,  „ 

NARCISSI  „  „ 

CROCUS. 
ANEMONES. 
RANUNCULUS. 
FREESIAS. 
LILIUMS. 

SNOWDROPS,  &c.,  &c. 
The  quality  of  the  Bulbs  is  unusually  fine  this  year. 


Special  quotations  will  be  given  for  large 
quantities  on  application. 


Illustrated  Bulb  Catalogue 

Is  Ninu  Ready,  and  will  be  forwarded,  Gratis  i 
Post-free,  to  all  applicants. 


VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,  LONDON,  N. 


A.    B.    C. 
BUL.B    GUIDE. 


Prepared    with  very    much    care,   containing    much    reliable 

information  upon  Bulbs  generally,  including  the 

following  families  :— 

HYACINTHS.    TULIPS.    CROCUS.    SNOWSBOPS, 

CHIONODOXAS,    GLADIOLUS,    &c. 
Very  extensive  lists  of  varieties  of  these  are  included,  consist- 
ing of  nearly  every  variety  which  can  be  considered  worth 
growing. 

IRIS.— Of  these  I  hold  one  ol  the  tiuest  collections  in  the 
world,  six  pages  are  devoted  to  this  family  alone. 

HELLEBORES,  or  CHRIST&IAS  ROSES  are  a  great 
specialty  at  Tottenham.  The  collection  is  very  complete,  and 
the  plants  are  exceptionally  good.     I  have  thousands  of   fine 

Strong,  healthy  clumps  of  the  varieties  major,  maxima, 

Caucaslca,  Madame  FOUrcade,  and  many  others. 

DAFFODILS  and  LILIES 

constitute  Part  II-  of  my  Bulb  Catalogue, 
Twenty-six  pages  being  devoted  to  them.  Both  families  are 
cultivated  by  me  most  extensively,  my  collection  including 
almost  every  variety  in  cultivation.  These  have  been  shown 
most  extensively  during  the  present  season  at  the  Qroat 
London  SbOWS.  and  have  been  very  much  admired,  and  have 
done  much  to  assist  in  securing  for  me  the  many  Awaxds  it 
has  been  my  pleasure  to  receive. 

Copies  of  this  most  complete  and  interesting  Catalogue  may 
be  had  gratuitously  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    S.    WARF, 

HALE      FARM       NURSERIES, 
TOTTENHAM,   LONDON. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of  New,    Rare,     and 

Choicr  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Fbrns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANOHEBTER. 


CHEAP,      STRONG,      SOUND 
BULBS. 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  strong,  laj.  td.  per  loo. 

,,     NARCISSUS,  extra  strone,  91.  per  100. 
PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  gj.  per  too. 
FINE  NAMED  HYACINTHS,  (or  pots,  in  sorts,  5J.  per  doz. 
,,     ,,     ,,     for  borders,  t6s.  per  100. 
„     ,,     CROCUS,  in  sorts,  2i.  per  too  ;  151.  per  10:0. 
CATALOGUES    free    on    application. 
Special  Prices  for  Large  Quantities. 
FINE  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  is.  per  pound. 
JOHN  SHAW,  Jun.,   Bulb  Importer  and  Seed  Merchant, 
10.  The  Downs,  Bowdon,  Cheshire. 

Orcblds. 

JROBSON,  Bowdon  Nursery,  Altrincham, 
•  having  purchased  Two  Private  Collections  of  Established 
ORCHIDS,  is  prepared  to  supply  strong  flowering  Plants  at 
the  following  very  low  prices  for  cash  : — 

12  ORCHIDS,  in  t2  choice  varieties,  601.  ;  34  ditto,  1031. 
List  of  sorts  on  application. 

J.  R  is  also  offering  the  following  Plants,  at  extraordinary 
low  prices,  viz.  :— CARNATIONS,  in  25  best  varieties,  301. 
per  too:  DIANTHUS.  Napoleon  III.,  20i.  per  100  ;  PICO- 
TEES,  in  25  best  varieties.  23^.  per  ico  ;  PYRETHRUMS, 
in  25  best  doubje  varieties,  20!.  per  100  ;  PELARGONIUMS, 
in  2S  he^t  varielies,  40J.  per  too;  Manchester  Market  and 
Drumhead  CABBAGE  PLANTS.  31.  per  1000  for  cash. 

WT    GORDON,  Importer  of  Orchids 

'*  •  fromALL  PARTSof  the  WORLD.— .An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  mu=t  be  sold  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certainly  to  be 
obtained,  and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high 
prices  recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  affords  a 
PAY  I N  G  1 N  VESTM  E  NT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  ov.rlooked.     SUCH   PLANTS  may  never 

JLIC        ■    ■ 

>f,    T 
Road,  Twickenham,  Middlesex. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE  con- 
tains List  of  all  varieties  of  English,  Dui  ch.  and  French- 
grown  bulbs.  All  first  quality  and  low  prices.  May  be  had  on 
application.  Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities  of  the 
following  :- 

100,000   SINGL.K  DAFFODILS.  [eyed.] 

50.000  NARCISSUS  P0ET1GO3  (Pheasanl- 
20,000   NAKCISSXTS    POETIOUS  OBNA- 

TUa  (True).  —  True  early  -  flowering 
pheasant-eyed,  blooming  three  weeks 
earlier  than  poeticns. 

20,000   ULIUM     CANDIOTJM     (Fine    Im- 
ported Roots). 
100,000   &CILLA      SIBIBICA,      rich      blue   ; 
blooming  same  time  as  the  Snowdrop. 

10,000    HYACINTHS,  mixed,  all  colours  ;  fine 
sample,  very  cheap. 
200,000   CROCUS,  yellow  ;  three  sites. 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants,  13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

AFRICAN    TUBEROSES, 

WM.   RISLEY,    Maritzburg,  Natal, 

The  Trade  and  Growers  are  hereby  informed  that 
Mr,  Risley's  Crop  is  now  landed.  The  Bulbs  are  in 
splendid  condition,  large  and  healthy,  and  altogether 
such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the  market. 
Quotations  very  low.  Cases  free.  Terms,  net  cash. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 

WM.    G.    MAC    GREGOR, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.C. 

B  U  L  B  S. 

Illustrated  Priced  CATALOGUE  of  HYA- 
CINTHS, TULIPS,  and  other  BULBS,  con- 
taining the  best  of  everything,  and  low  in  price, 
may  be  had,  Post-free,  on  application  to 

WM.     PAUL    &    SON, 

PAULS'    NURSERIES, 
WALTHAM     CROSS. 


BULBOUS 
FLOWER  ROOTS. 

A  very  choice  Collection, 
embracing 

HYACINTHS,      LILIES, 

CROCUS,    TULIPS, 

&c. 

CARRIAGE    FREE. 
Priced  Catalogues  post-free. 


James  Dickson  &  Sons 

}CHESTER. 


108  EASTGATE  ST, 
'NEWTON'  NUESEEIES 


324 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  ii,  1886 


VEITCH'S    BULBS 

Of    Superior    Quality. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS' 

COLLECTIONS  Of  BULBS 

To  suit  all  requirements. 

SW  These  Col  ectiom  are  arranged  on  a  moU  liberal  scale y 
a'f  coniain  only  the  most  easily  culttvatei  and  attractive 
io  ts  0/  H  'inter  and  Spring  Flozvers. 

VtirCH'S  COLLECTIONS  OF  BULBS 

FOR      INDOOR      CULTIVATION, 
At  lOs.  6d.,  213  ,  42s.,  and  63s. 

ForfarticuLus,  set  CA  TAI.OGUE,  Gratis  and  Pist-tru 
on  applicatiim. 


VEITCH'S  COLLECTIONS  OF  BULBS 

FOR    GROWING    IN    THE    OPEN    GROUND, 
At  lOs.  6d.,  218  ,  423.,  and  63s. 

For particiiUit!,  see  CA  TALOGHE,  Gratis  atidPast/rre 
on  application. 


VEITCH'S  "Chelsea"  COLLECTIONS 

FOR    GREENHOU.'iE.    COKSERVATORY, 

OR    SI1T1NG.R00M, 

Coi  ta'ning  only  the  most  easily  cultivated  and  attractive  sorts 

of  winter  and  spring  flowers. 

At  21s  ,  423  ,  635  ,  and  105s. 

Forparl\.i!,Ui.  see  CA  TALOGUE,  Gratis  and  Foit-free 
on  afplieation. 


VEITCH'S    HARDY    BULBS 

FOR  MIXED  BORDERS.  SHRUBBERIES,  &c  , 
One  Thousand  Bulbs  for  One  Guinea. 

For pariieulars,  see  CA  TALOGUE,  Gratis  and  Post-free 
on  af/.lleat,on. 


ROYAL      EXOTIC     NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


DAHLIAS 

IN  FULL  BLOOM. 


JWTY LARGE  COLLECTION 

of  these  are  now  at  their 
best,  and  would  zvell  repay  a  visit 
from  any  of  the  Trade  interested 
in  them. 

Frequent  Trains  from  Liverpool 
Street  to  Tottenham,  Hale,  or  Seven 
Sisters  Stations. 


THOMAS    S.   WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


CYPRIPEDIUM    CALLOSUM,  new,  £2  each. 
CYPRIPEDIUM    CALLOSUM,  new,  £16  per  dozen. 
CYPRIPEDIUM    CALLOSUM,  new. 
CYRTOPERA    REGNIERI,  new,  53.  each. 
CYRTOPERA    REGNIERI,  new,  £2  per  dozen. 
CYRTOPERA    REGNIERI,  new. 

R.      SILBERRAD       &      SON 

(Agents  to  GODEFROY  LEBEUF,  Argenteuil,  France), 

25,  SAVAGE  GARDENS,  CRUTCHED  FRIARS,  LONDON,  E.C. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO., 


I  A  S  P  E  L    T  I  O  N         I  \    I    I  T  E  D 
261 530  Superficial  Feet  of  Glass 


GREENHOUSES,   VINERIES,    RANGES,    CONSERVATORIES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c. 

C  >Qstru;ted  with  the  latest  horticultural  improvem^Dts  to  the  most  artistic  designs,  of  the  best  materials,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
THE  EFFICIENCY  OF  ALL  WORK,    INCLUDING  BOILERS   AND  HEATING  APPARATUS,  GUARANTEED. 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  Designs,  Flans  and  Estimates  free  of  charge 

CroinploTi  &FawKes 

(LATETH    P    DENNIS     &t  Co) 

Horticultural   Builders 

Chelmsford . 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,  W.C. 

1 886. 


Please  send  mi  "THE  Gardeners'  Ch  ronicle  "/<""- 


_  Months, 


commencing^ 


_,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


I^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  £\  31.  10./.  ;  6  Montlis,  lu.  iirf.  ;  3  Months,  ds.  ;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN    SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :  — Including  Postage,  ;^i  6^.  for  Twelve  Months. 

India  and  China,  Ci  8.c.  id. 


P.  0.0.  to  be  made  pay ab'e  at 
No.    42,    DRUBY    LANE,    London,    to    "W.    RICHARDS, 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "DRUMMOND." 


September  ii,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


325 


WEBBS' 


FREE  BY  POST  I 
OR  BAIL. 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 


Webbs'  Collection  A  c 

Webbs'  Collection  B  conlai 

Webbs"  Collection  C  contai 

Webbs'  Collection  D  c 

Webbs'  Collection  E  contains 

Webbs'  Collection  F  c 


<6i  Bu'bs  . 
=62  Bulbs  . 
207  Bulbs  . 
134  Bulbs  . 

96  Bulbs  . 

60  Bulbs  . 


For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES,  &c. 


Webbs'  Collect! 
Webbs'  Collect 
Webbs'  Collecti 
Webbs'  Collecti 
Webbs'  Collecti 
Webbs'  Colic 


m  G  contains  1031  Bulbs  .. 
in  H  contains  647  Bulbs  .. 
m  1  contains  457  Bulbs.. 
)n  J  contains  255  Bulbs  .. 
m  K  conUias  163  Bulbs  .. 
m  L  contains  117  Bulbs  .. 
r  cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


WEBBS' 
BULB  CATALOGUE 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TKEES, 
Kentish   Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eatly  as  convenient  to 

Mr-   COOPER,  r  R  H  S  .    Calcot  Qardens.    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  snrts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAMPHLETS     on    application. 

BERLIN  LILY  of  the  VALLEY  CROWNS, 

STRONG    BLOOMING, 


JOSEPH  KLAR, 

100,  LINIENSTRASSE,  BERLIN. 


AFRICAN     TUBEROSES, 

SPLENDID    SAMPLE. 


HURST    &    SON 

Having  just  received  a  large  consignment, 
which  must  be  sold,  are  able  to  offer  them  extra- 
ordinarily cheap  ;  also  LILIUM  HARRISSII 
(the  true  Bermuda  Lily},  extra  fine  bulbs. 


Prices  ok  application  to 
15-,    HOUNDSDITCH,   LONDON,    E, 


JERSEY    FRUIT  TREES. 

CarrisEe  P»id  'or  Ca^b  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  View 
o  will  stnd.  Carri^ige  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 


40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


SEEDSMEN  by  ROYAL  WARRANTS 


To  Her  Majesty 
The  Queen.      i 


f    To  H.R.H  the 
\  Prince  of  Wales. 


SUTTON'S 

|clrtage-f"ee|      Q  [J  JLiJjO. 


"  The  Bulbs  you  sent  me  are  splen- 
did. A  more  perfect  lot  It  would  be 
difficult  to  And."— Mr.  A.  BREWERY, 
Gardener  to  A.  H.  Easten,  Espi., 
Patrlngton 


I  I 

FLOWERS  AT  CHRISTMAS. 


SUTTON'S 

BULBSforEARLY  FORCING 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS- 
SINGLE  WHITE,   finest  selected. 

,,  ,.  second  size. 

SINGLE    BLUE. 

EARLY    NARCISSI- 
DOUBLE  ROMAN. 

PAPER-WHITE. 
FOR    FULL   PARTICULARS    SEE 

SUTTON'S 

ATTTUM 
For  1886.  f]  A  T  A  LOPtTTI^, 


Complete  Cultural  Instructions  and  Select 
Lists  of  the  best  kinds  of  Flower  Roots. 


HANDSOME    COLOURED     PLATE, 


SUTTON'S      HYACINTHS 

In  Full  Bloom  at  the  Dutch  Bulb  Farms, 


NUMEROUS    ENGRAVfXGS. 
Gratia  and  Post-free  on  application. 


"  The  bulbs  you  sent  me  last  year,  particu- 
larly the  Tulips.  Hyacinths,  and  Narcissi, 
have  been  greatly  admired,  and  I  have  had 
a  display  of  beautiful  flowers  from  before 
Christmas  unlil  now  (February  23).  At  the 
same  time  I  wish  to  thank  you  for  the  careful 
choice  of  the  beautiful  bulbs  sent  in  ycur  col- 
lection. '  HENRY  A  LEE.  Esci.,  Rithgar. 


&Jitrjvr/o 


^ 


ROYAL    BERK3    SEED    ESTABLISHMENT, 

READING. 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    n,    1886. 


DROPMORE. 

IT  is  always  a  pleasure  to  visit  Dropmore, 
and,  after  an  interval  of  several  years  I  was 
glad  once  more  to  inspect  its  great  Conifers  and 
to  incite  their  guardian,  Mr.  Frost,  who  seems 
as  evergreen  and  sturdy  as  any  of  them,  to  tell 
his  old  stories  and  to  fight  his  old  battles  over 
again.  See  Dropmore,  if  you  can,  in  its  glory 
about  June  i,  when  the  Rhododendrons  are  in 
bloom.  My  recent  visit  fell  two  months  later 
on  a  hot  day  of  mixed  sunshine  and  cloud,  when 
the  atmosphere  was  softened  by  an  occasional 
shower  which  evaporated  quickly  in  the  shrub- 
beries, and  increased  the  foreign  aspect  im- 
parted by  the  Conifers  to  the  spot  where 
they  are  now  assembled  and  where  they 
appear,  almost  without  exception,  thoroughly  at 
home. 

A  small  point  in  regard  to  treatment  in  the 
young  days  of  an  exotic  Conifer  may  make  or 
mar  its  fortune.  How  often  one  may  see 
specimens  that  deserved  good  management  and 
the  timely  pruning  knife,  or  the  application  of 
the  axe  to  some  over-crowding  neighbour,  or  a 
little  fresh  soil  for  its  subsistence,  ruined  for 
want  of  necessary  care  !  But  Mr.  Frost  knows 
the  needs  of  each,  and  has  taken  care  to  supply 
them  during  the  lengthened  period  of  his  super- 
intendence. The  great  Araucaria  imbricata 
was  described  ten  years  ago  as  60  feet  in 
height  and  45  years  old.  It  has  grown  about 
a  foot  in  each  subsequent  year,  and  stands 
now  a  perfect  pyramid  of  nearly  70  feet  from 
the  base  to  the  apex,  its  branches  resting 
on  the  ground.  At  a  distance  of  12  feet  or 
15  feet  from  the  tiunk  on  the  south  side  the 
ground  slopes  off  towards  an  adjacent  pond,  and 
this  would  probably  have  occasioned  a  lop- 
sided growth,  as  the  tree  was  planted  in  made 
earth  of  unequal  depth,  owing  to  the  slope,  it 
Mr.  Frost  had  not  come  to  the  rescue  and 
levelled  the  slope  partially  with  many  barrow- 
loads  of  fresh  soil.  But  the  better  the  soil  the 
thicker  the  branches.  A  Lime  tree  on  rich  soil 
becomes  as  bushy  as  a  magpie's  nest,  and  the 
big  pet  of  Dropmore,  since  the  extra  feeding 
has  developed  a  number  of  spiny  twigs  on  the 
trunk,  particularly  on  its  southern  sidj.  It  is  a 
male  tree,  and  the  shrivelled  catkins  showed 
brown  towards  its  top. 

The  Abies  Douglasi  here  of  more  than 
120  feet  in  height  is  another  pet  of  the  pinetum, 
and  its  pride.  It  has  offspring  around  it,  espe- 
cially a  tree  of  1S35  growing  by  the  carriage- 
drive,  a  cutting  from  the  original  tree,,  and  laden 
with  heavy  branches  bearing  many  cones.  The 
original  tree  carries  us  back  to  the  days  of  Mi. 
Frost's  honoured  master.  Lord  Grenville,  the 
founder  of  Dropmore,  and  the  encloser  of  the 
roughs  and  wastes  which  he  supplanted  by  the 
present  grounds  600  acres  in  extent.  Lord 
Grenville,  being  a  Fellow  of  the  Horticultural 
Society,  sent  to  Dropmore  some  of  the  seed 
which  the  Society  had  received  from  Mr. 
Douglas.  It  was  sown  in  1827,  and  the  bitj 
tree  was  planted  in  1830. 


326 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  ii,  1886. 


A  Pinus  insignis  of  1839  stands  here  75 
feet  high  and  well  protected  among  other 
exotics,  a  handsome,  big  fellow,  in  grass-green 
livery.  The  trunk  is  covered  with  red  spongy 
bark  riven  into  vertical  cracks.  I  omitted 
to  take  notes  of  the  broad-spreading  Abies 
cephalonica,  or  of  A.  pinsapo,  with  its  thick- 
set leaves,  but  I  find  from  Messrs.  Veitch's 
Manual  of  Conijem  that  these  two  trees  were 
introduced  from  Cephalonia  and  the  South  of 
Spain  respectively  in  1S24  and  1839.  They 
»ust  have  reached  Dropmore  betimes,  for  their 
growth  seems  to  have  reached  50  feet  or  60  feet 
in  the  first  case,  and  60  feet  or  70  feet  in  the 
second,  which  is  not  far  short  of  their  reputed 
natural  growth.  I  noted  Pmus  Lemoniana  of 
1839  as  a  tree  of  no  beauty,  with  rough  bark, 
few  lower  branches,  and  long  leaves.  On  the 
other  hand,  Abies  grandis,  70  feet  high,  and 
dated  1S61,  forms  a  noble  pyramid  now  showing 
cones  near  the  top,  and  with  tier  upon  tier  of  flat 
rhomboidal  branches.  It  was  thirty  years  reach- 
ing Dropmore  ;  Abies  Albertiana  was  here  within 
ten  years  of  its  introduction,  bearing  the  date  of 
i85i,  and  the  name  of  the  Prince  Consort,  the 
patron  of  the  Scotch  Association,  who  imported 
it  from  the  norlh-west  coast  of  America,  in 
1851.  It  is  closely  allied  to  that  graceful 
tree,  the  Hemlock  Spruce,  with  its  pendulous 
branches  and  ample  foliage,  and  the  perfect 
specimen  at  Dropmore,  though  by  no  means 
the  rarest,  is  one  of  the  most  beautilul  trees  in 
the  grounds,  having  much  of  the  graceful  habit 
of  the  Deodar.  Cedrus  atlantica  of  1847, 
and  70  to  80  feet  high,  is  another  very  handsome 
tree  which  came  here,  as  the  above  date  shows, 
in  the  seventh  year  of  its  introduction  The 
magnificent  C.  Deodara  is  nearly  70  feet  high. 
Sequoia  gigantea  (the  Wellingtonia),  introduced 
by  Messrs.  Veitchin  1853,  through  their  collector 
Mr.  William  Lobb,  is  dated  here  1862,  measures 
65  feet,  and  is  a  tall,  pointed  pyramid,  for- 
tunately full  of  foliage,  and  therefore  looking  its 
best,  for  when  the  foliage  is  scanty  it  is  a  rigid 
plain-looking  tree. 

The  best  Sequoia  sempervirens  in  the  pinetum 
stands  80  feet  high,  and  droops  its  heavy  foliage 
on  the  ground  ;  and  as  pheasants  crowed 
around  I  could  imagine  a  hare  sitting  in  the 
sunny  shelter  of  this  tree.  I  missed  the  best 
deciduous  Cypress,  but  saw,  among  other 
Conifers  too  numerous  to  name,  A.  morinda, 
55  feet  high,  with  branchlets  drooping  from  the 
main  branches,  and  festoons  of  Woodbine  hang- 
ing high  from  the  tall  trunk ;  I  also  noted 
during  our  tour  of  inspection  Pinus  excelsa,  P. 
pyrenaica,  Abies  concolor,  1862,  foliage  in  hand- 
some fiakes  ;  Pinus  Benthamiana,  1843,  70  feet, 
with  very  bushy  long  foliage  ;  and  Abies  Bruno- 
niana,  1847,  the  Himalayan  Hemlock  Fir  from 
Nepaul,  together  with  grand  examples  of  Thuya 
gigantea  from  Oregon. 

A  noble  Birch  is  also  worthy  of  inspection. 
It  is  an  old  tree  whose  short  trunk  divides  at  a 
little  distance  above  the  soil  into  three  spreading 
much  contorted  arms,  from  which  diverge  forests 
of  young  twigs.  In  size,  as  in  habit,  this  tree  is 
very  remarkable.  Heaths  of  various  kinds 
abound,  the  introduced  ones  now  as  much  at 
home  as  the  real  natives,  and  the  same  remark 
applies  equally  well  to  the  common  Musk, 
Mimulus  moschatus,  which  looks  as  much  a 
native  as  the  grass  amid  which  it  grows. 

The  bedding-out  system  is  still  carried  out 
here  in  what  we  may  now  call  old-fashioned 
style,  and  it  is  supplemented  by  a  large  collec- 
tion of  still  older  fashioned  herbaceous  plants, 
full  of  variety,  redolent  of  perfume,  and  parti- 
coloured as  a  mosaic.  A  still  greater  blaze 
of  colour  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Pelargonium- 
house. 

Those  who  know  Dropmore  may  like  to  be 
reminded  of  the  long  avenue  of  Cedars  of 
Lebanon  ;  and  gardeners  may  like  to  hear  of 
the  silver  cup  and  200  sovereigns,  invested 
as  an   annuity,   which  his  horticultural  friends 


in  all  parts  of  the  country  presented  to  Mr. 
Frost  in  1872,  to  commemorate  fifty  years' 
public  and  private  service  as  a  gardener  of 
worth  and  note.  I  must  add,  in  regard 
to  the  ownership  of  this  noted  place,  that 
"'tis  as  'twas" — Lady  Louisa  Fortescue  still 
reigns.  The  number  of  gardeners  is  now 
only  twelve.  A  bit  of  clay  ground  which  the 
veteran  gardener  has  turned  topsy-turvey  and 
chalked  heavily,  and  finally  induced  to  yield 
extraordinary  crops,  deserves  a  separate  article. 
It  is  now  a  most  productive  kitchen  garden, 
which  may  serve  to  assure  us  how  excellent  the 
effect  of  Frost  is  upon  clays  with  double  digging 
and  free  exposure.  H.  E. 

It  may  be  serviceable  to  append  in  this 
place  a  list,  showing  the  height  to  which  some 
of  the  more  remarkable  trees  had  attained  in 
the  spring  of  this  year  (1886)  :— 

Cedrus  Libani,  planted  in  1792,  height  100  feet,  girth  at  3  feet, 
15  feet.      In  the  long  avenue  above  referred  to,  the  trees 
average  3o  feet  in  height,  with  a  girth  from  3  to  10  feet. 
,,     deodara,  65  feet  in  height,  with  a  girth  of  7  feet. 
.,     atlantica,  planted   in  1847;  70  feet  high,  bearing  cones,  a 
splendid  tree. 
Abies  Douglasi,  planted  in  1830,  height  124  feet,   girth  15  feet; 
spread  of  branches,  22  yards.     Another  planted  in  1865, 
height  90  feet,  girth  10  feet  4  inches. 
,,     grandis,  planted  in  1861,  height  7ofeet,  a  splendid  tree. 
,,     amabilis.  planted  in  1847,  height  30  feet,  girth  6  feet. 
.,     nobilis,  planted  in  1B35,  height  80  feet;  brunches  down  to 
ground. 
Pinus  macrocarpa,  fifty-one  years  old. 
,,     Lemoniana,  planted  in  1839. 
„     insignis,  planted  in  1839,  girth  12  feet. 
Sequoia  gigantea,  planted  in  1862,  height  70  feet,  girth  11}^  feet. 
Araucaria  imbricata  (Chili  Pine).    There  are  many  of  these,  the 
largest,  planted  ih  1830,  having  a  height  of  63  feet,  girth 


i  feet  : 


xodil 


1  sempen 


,  80  feet  in  height. 


CYPRIPEDIUM  CALLOSUM,  n.  sp* 

This  was  imported  from  Slam  by  Mens.  Regnier, 
Fontenay-sur-Bois,  49,  Avenue  it  Marigny.  It  looks 
like  Cypripedium  Argus,  with  nearly  green  leaves,  and 
curious  pendulous  petals.  The  peduncle  is  very  long, 
as  in  Cypripedium  Argus.  The  upper  sepal  is  very 
large,  transversely  elliplic-acute,  with  very  numerous 
green  nerves,  and  some  purple  wash  on  a  white 
ground.  The  lateral  sepals  form  a  small  ligulate, 
acute,  few-nerved  body,  half  as  long  as  the  lip,  and 
quite  hidden  by  it.  Petals  ligulate,  blunt,  acute,  quite 
deflexed,  so  much  so  that  the  two  nearly  touch  one 
another  on  their  inner  sides,  green,  purple  at  the  top, 
ciliated,  with  several,  conical,  shining,  black  papular 
warts  on  the  margins,  'and  thick  ones  on  the  disc, 
partly  also  papular.  This  is  new.  The  lip  is  like 
that  of  Cyripedium  superbiens.  Staminode  reddish, 
with  some  green  marbling  on  the  anterior  part  of  the 
disc,  emarginate,  bilobed  at  the]top,  forcipate  in  front, 
with  a  small  dark  apiculus  in  the  middle.  H.  G. 
Rchb.f. 

Oncidium  Pollettianum,  «.  sp.  (hy/i.  nat.  ?).f 

A   remarkably  6ne   and   exceedingly  rare   Oncid, 

most  probably  a  hybrid,  though   I   know  well  Ihat  it 

has  been    recently  stated  that  Oncidia  produce  very 

seldom  and  but  a  few  capsules.     I  should  value  such 


*  Cypripedium.  callosum,  n.  sp. — (Venusta  deflexa)  foliis 
coriaceis  viridulis  obscurissime  tesselatis  ;  pedunculo  elongato  ; 
bractea  acuta  ovarium  pedicellatum  longe  non  a:quanti  ;  sepalo 
imparl  elliptico  acuto  transverse  multinervi  ;  sepalis  lateralibus 
in  corpus  triangulum  coalitis  labelli  dimidium  vi.v  aiquans  ; 
lepalis  omnino  deflexis  extus  ciliatis  callis  conicis  quibusdam  in 
margine  calli.  paucis  incrassatis  in  disco  ;  labello  marginc  un- 
guiculari  utrinque  obtusangu'o  ostio  superne  utrinque  angu'ato  ; 
staminodii  cruribus  anticis  forcipatis,  proccssu  mediano  minuto 
acuto  papuloso.  Ex  Siam  introd.  Regnier  vivamque  plantani 
miat.  H.  G.  Rckb.f. 

t  Oncidium  Pollettianum^  n.  sp.  (hyb.  nat.?) — Pseudo- 
bulbis  foliisque  Oncidii  dasytylis  cui  vicinum  ;  racemo  pluri- 
floro  :  floribus  illos  Oncidii  Gardneri  ffiquanlibus,  sepalis 
lateralibus  apiccm  usque  bidentatum  connatis  ;  tepalis  oblongis 
obtusis,  labelli  auriculis  obtusis  minutis,  isthmo  lineari, 
lamina  antica  transversa  obtusangula  quadrilobi.  lobis  medi- 
aois  parvi',  callis  in  basi  subquadrato  lobato  antepositis  carinis 
longis  ternis,  carina  utraque  basi  extrorsum  unidentata  antice  - 
clavata,  callo  lobulato  imo  utrinque  extus  ad  apicem  calli 
basilaris;  columns:  hunalis  alls  rotundalis.  H,  G.  Rchb.f. 


remarks  were  they  the  result  of  long  observations 
during  many  years.  II  a  New  Zealander  saw  with  us 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  trees  of  Fagus  sylvatica 
without  fruits,  and  declared  they  produced  nearly  none, 
what  should  we  say  ?  There  are,  however,  fruits  of 
Oncidia.  Thus  I  have  before  me  what  must  be  Onci- 
dium Lawrencianura  as  first  collected  by  Professor 
Suringar.  The  group  of  altisismum  is  often  seed  bear- 
ing J  echinatum  is  very  often  fertile,  and  why 
should  there  not  be  a  hybrid  ?  This  may  be  a  mule 
between  Oncidium  dasytjle  and  perhaps  Oncidium 
Gardneri.  The  connate  side  sepals  are  bidentate,  the 
upper  sepal  oblong  acute,  the  petals  cuneale,  obovate, 
blunt.  Lip  with  very  small  roundish  auricles  at  the 
base,  a  long  narrow  isthmus  and  a  wide  transverse 
quadrilobed  blade  with  two  small  inner  and  two  broad 
outer  lobes.  The  column  is  short,  with  two  fleshy 
ovate  wings.  The  calli  are  long,  running  from  the 
base  over  the  isthmus,  dark  brown-purple.  The 
column  is  of  the  lightest  whitish-yellow  ;  wings 
spotted  with  purple  on  a  light  whitish  -  yellow 
ground.  Petals,  horse- chestnut  brown  with  a  nar- 
row yellow  border  ;  sepals  yellow  with  horse-chestnut 
bands. 

It  comes  from  Mr.  H.  M.  Pollett,  Fernside,  Bick- 
ley,  and  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Harry  Veitch. 
Mr.  H.  M.  Pollett  states  that  the  bulbs  and  leaves 
are  exactly  those  of  Oncidium  dasytyle,  say  a  trifle 
larger.  The  inflorescence  is  stated  to  be  a  simple 
raceme.  It  duly  bears  Mr.  Pollett's  name.  H.  G. 
Rch.f. 

MiLTONiA  Peetersiana,  «.  hyb.  nat.  ? 
This  has  the  bulb  and  leaf  of  Miltonia  Clowesii. 
The  peduncle  is  very  strong,  not  markedly  two-edged 
but  more  rounded.  The  shading  of  the  inflorescence 
is  rather  flexuous  in  one  specimen,  with  ancipitous 
triangular  large  bracts,  nearly  equal  to  the  stalked 
ovaries.  The  flowers  would  be  difficult  to  distin- 
guish from  those  of  Miltonia  spectabilis  Moreliana, 
but  the  lip  is  narrower  at  the  base  and  dilated 
suddenly  and  acutely  at  the  top.  Both  the  sepals 
and  petals  are  a  little  narrower  and  more  acute,  of 
the  finest  dark  horse  chestnut-purple  (s.  v.  v.).  The 
lip  is  of  the  richest  purple,  with  five  unequal  yellow 
keels  at  the  base,  and  numerous  dark  purple  blotches 
with  nearly  white  margins  occupy  the  base,  and 
inside  line  of  the  disk.  The  auricles  of  the  column 
are  bilobed.  The  yellow  tabula  infrastigmatica  is 
provided  with  two  erect  teeth.  It  is  probably  a 
hybrid  between  Miltonia  spectabilis  Moreliana  and 
M.  Clowesii.  I  received  five  flowers,  an  inflores- 
cence, bulb,  and  leaf  from  Mr.  A.  A.  Peelers,  horti- 
culteur,  St.  Gilles,  Bruxelles,  to  whom  it  is  dedicated 
with  pleasure.  I  believe  I  saw  the  very  same  plant 
at  Mr.  W.  Bull's  some  days  ago,  when  it  was  nearly 
dark.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

Cattleya  guttata  Leopoldi  immaculata, 
ji,  var. 

This  fine  sub-variety  has  both  the  sepals  and  petals 
of  a  mauve-brown  colour,  and  there  is  no  vestige  of 
any  spots.  The  lip  is  white,  the  anterior  lacinia  of 
the  finest  purple.  Column  purple.  It  was  kindly 
sent  me  by  Mr.  A.  A.  Peeters,  borticulteur,  St,  Gilles, 
Bruxelles.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


"pRUlT       JMOTE^. 

BIGARREAU  LEONA  QUESNEL. 
A  Cherry  with  fruit  nearly  i  inch  in  diameter, 
rounded,  with  scarcely  any  furrow,  skin  yellow  flushed 
with  red,  flesh  white,  juicy.  The  tree  is  fertile,  of 
pyramidal  habit.  This  variety  was  raised  by  Mr, 
Tyman,  and  is  highly  spoken  of  by  the  editor  of  the 
Bulletin  <f  Arboriculture  for  August. 

Apple  Beauty  of  Bath, 
I  can  scarcely  thmk  this  Apple  is  known  as  widely 
as  it  deserves  to  be.  I  have  seen  it  on  several  occa- 
sions in  excellent  form  this  season,  particularly  at  the 
Taunton  and  Trowbridge  shows  ;  at  the  latter  place, 
where  dessert  Apples  are  shown  in  excellent  form. 
Beauty  of  Bath  was  conspicuous  for  its  handsome  and 
pleasing  appearance.  Mr.  (Jeorge  Cooling,  of  Bath, 
who  distributed  it,  states  that  it  is  a  seedling  from  the 
Juneating,  and  originated  some  twenty  years  ago  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Bath.  It  is  of  medium  size, 
and  extremely  handsome  in  appearance,  being  beauti- 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


327 


fully  striped  with  crimson  towards  the  sun.  It  ripens 
early  in  July  in  a  good  season,  and  can  be  had  in  a 
late  one  up  to  the  third  week  in  August.  In  flavour 
it  appears  to  surpass  in  briskness  and  piquancy  the 
Irish  Peach  and  Juneating.  It  can,  therefore,  be 
classed  as  a  first  early  dessert  Apple,  and  it  frequently 
takes  1st  prizes  at  the  West  of  England  show.  To 
show  its  prolificacy,  Mr,  Cooling  states  that  two  years 
ago  he  planted  out  200  three-year  old  trees,  and  has 
taken  a  great  crop  from  them  this  season  ;  and  from 
eight  small  trees  he  gathered  as  many  as  18  pecks. 
It  is  found  to  come  in  very  useful  as  a  side  dish  in  a 
dessert  at  a  time  when  Strawberries  are  over.  On  p. 
16S  of  the  Report  of  the  Apple  Congress  it  is  stated  to 
resemble  Small's  Admirable.  It  is  obvious  that 
something  other  than  the  true  sort  was  shown  at  the 
Apple  Congress  under  the  name  of  Beauty  of  Bath, 
as  it  will  not  keep  beyond  August ;  and  Mr.  Cooling 
further  states  it  is  entirely  distinct  in  character. 
R.  D. 


THE    HISTORY    OF    PLANTS.* 

The  literature  of  science  is  of  little,  if  any,  value  in 
tracing  the  history  of  species,  and  in  determining  the 
modification  or  the  persistency  of  characters  which 
may  be  essential  or  accidental  to  them. 

Herbaria. 

But  the  means  of  comparison  which  we  look  for  in 
vain  in  the  published  literature  of  science  may  be  found 
in  the  collections  of  dried  plants  which  botanists  have 
formed  for  several  generations.  The  local  herbaria  of  our 
own  day  represent  not  only  the  different  species  found 
in  a  country,  but  the  various  forms  which  occur 
together  with  their  distribution.  They  must  supply 
the  most  certain  materials  for  the  minute  comparison 
at  any  future  epoch  of  the  then  existing  vegetation  with 
that  of  our  own  day. 

The  preservation  of  dried  plants  as  a  help  in  the 
study  of  systematic  botany  was  6rst  employed  in  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.  The  earlist  her- 
barium of  which  we  have  any  record  is  that  of  John 
Falconer,  an  Englishman  who  travelled  in  Italy  be- 
tween 1540  and  1547,  and  who  brought  with  him  to 
England  a  collection  of  dried  plants  fastened  in  a 
book.  This  was  seen  by  William  Turner,  our  first 
British  botanist,  who  refers  to  it  in  his  Herbal^  pub- 
lished  in  1551.  Turner  may  have  been  already 
acquainted  with  this  method  of  preserving  plants,  for 
in  his  enforced  absence  from  England  he  studied  at 
Bologna  under  Luca  Ghini,  the  first  professor  of 
botany  in  Europe,  who,  there  is  reason  to  believe, 
originated  the  practice  of  making  herbaria.  Ghini's 
pupils,  Aldrovandus  and  Cxialpinus,  formed  exten- 
sive collections.  Caspar  Bauhin,  whose  Prodrome 
was  the  first  attempt  to  digest  the  literature  of  botany, 
left  a  considerable  herbarium,  still  preserved  at  Basle. 
No  collection  of  English  plants  is  known  to  exist 
older  than  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  ;  a 
volume  containing  some  British  and  many  exotic 
plants  collected  in  the  year  1647  was  some  years  ago 
acquired  by  the  British  Museum.  Towards  the  end 
of  that  century,  great  activity  was  manifested  in  the 
collection  of  plants,  not  only  in  our  own  country,  but 
in  every  district  of  the  globe  visited  by  travellerD.  The 
labours  of  Ray  and  Sloane,  of  Petiver  and  Plukenet 
are  manifest  not  only  in  the  works  which  they  pub- 
lished, but  in  the  collections  that  they  made,  which 
were  purchased  by  the  country  in  1759  when  the 
museum  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane  became  the  nucleus  of 
the  now  ex'enf^ive  collections  of  the  British  Museum. 
The  most  important  of  these  collections  in  regard  to 
British  plants  is  the  herbarium  of  Adam  Buddie,  col- 
lected nearly  two  hundred  years  ago,  and  containing 
an  extensive  series  which  formed  the  basis  of  a  British 
flora,  that  unhappily  for  science  was  never  published, 
though  it  still  exists  in  manuscript.  Other  collections 
of  British  plants  of  the  same  age,  but  less  complete, 
supplement  those  of  Buddie  :  these  various  materials 
are  in  such  a  state  of  preservation  as  to  permit  of  the 
most  carefu  comparison  with  living  plants,  and  they 
show  that  the  two  centuries  which  have  elapsed  since 
their  collection  have  not  modified  in  any  particular 
the  species  contained  in  them.  The  early  collectors 
contemplated  merely  the  preservation  of  a  single 
specimen  of  each  species;  consequently  the  data  for 
an  exhaustive  comparison  of  the  indigenous  flora  of 
Brit:  in  at  the  beginning  of  last  century  with  that  of 
the  present  are  very  imperfect  as  compared  with  those 
which  we  shall  hand  down  to  our  successors  for  their 
use. 


The  collections  made  in  other  regions  of  the  world 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  included  in  the  ex- 
tensive herbarium  of  Sit  Hans  Sloane,  are  frequently 
being  examined  side  by  side  with  plants  of  our  own 
day,  but  they  do  not  show  any  peculiarities  that  dis- 
tinguish them  from  recent  collections.  If  any  changes 
are  taking  place  in  plants,  it  is  certain  that  the  three 
hundred  years  during  which  their  dried  remains  have 
been  preserved  in  herbaria  have  been  too  short  to  ex- 
hibit them. 

Timber. 

Beyond  the  time  of  those  early  herbariathe  materials 
which  we  owe  in  any  way  to  the  intervention  of  man 
have  been  preserved  without  any  regard  to  their 
scientific  interest.  They  consist  mainly  of  materials 
used  in  building  or  for  sepulture.  The  woods  em- 
ployed in  mediaeval  buildings  present  no  pecu- 
liarities by  which  they  can  be  distinguished 
from  existing  woods  ;  neither  do  the  woods  met 
with  in  Roman  and  British  villages  and  burying 
places.  From  a  large  series  collected  by  General 
Pitt'Rivers  in  extensive  explorations  carried  on 
by  him  on  the  site  of  a  village  which  had  been 
occupied  by  the  British  before  and  after  the  appear- 
ance of  the  Romans,  we  find  that  the  woods  chiefly 
used  by  them  were  Oak,  Birch,  Hazel,  and  Willow, 
and  at  the  latter  period  of  occupation  of  the  village 
the  wood  of  the  Spanish  Chestnut  (Castanea  vulgaris, 
Lamk.)  was  so  extensively  employed  that  it  must 
have  been  introduced  and  grown  in  the  district.  The 
gravel  beds  in  the  north  of  London,  explored  by  Mr. 
W.  G.  Smith  for  the  palaeolithic  implements  in  them, 
contained  also  fragments  of  Willow  and  Birch,  and 
the  rhizomes  of  Osmunda  regalis,  L. 

Egyptian  Tombs. 

The  most  important  materials,  however,  for  the 
comparison  of  former  vegetation  of  a  known  age  with 
that  of  our  own  day  have  been  supplied  by  the  speci- 
mens which  have  been  obtained  from  the  tombs  of 
the  ancient  Egyptians.  Until  recently  these  con- 
sisted mainly  of  fruits  and  seeds.  These  were  all 
more  or  less  carbonised,  because  the  former  rifling  of 
the  tombs  had  exposed  them  to  the  air.  Ehrenberg, 
who  accompanied  Von  Minutoli  in  his  Egyptian 
expedition,  determined  the  seeds  which  he  had  col- 
lected, but  as  he  himself  doubted  the  antiquity  of 
some  of  the  materials  on  which  he  reported,  the 
scientific  value  of  his  enumeration  is  destroyed. 
Passalacqua  in  1S23  made  considerable  collections 
from  tombs  at  Thebes,  and  these  were  carefully  ex- 
amined and  described  by  the  distinguished  botanist 
Kunth.  He  pointed  out,  in  a  paper  published  sixty 
years  ago,  that  these  ancient  seeds  possessed  the 
minute  and  apparently  accidental  peculiarities  of 
their  existing  representatives.  Unger,  who  visited 
Egypt,  published  in  several  papers  identifications  of 
the  plant  remains  from  the  tombs;  and  one  of  the 
latest  labours  of  Alexander  Braun  was  an  examination 
of  the  vegetable  remains  in  the  Egyptian  Mu-^eum  at 
Berlin,  which  was  published,  after  his  death,  from 
his  manuscript,  under  the  careful  editorship  of 
Ascherson  and  Magnus.  Id  this,  twenty-four  species 
were  determined,  some  from  imperfect  materials,  and 
necessarily  with  some  hesitation  as  to  the  accuracy  of 
their  determination. 

The  recent  exploration  of  unopened  tombs  belong- 
ing to  an  early  period  in  the  history  of  the  Egyptian 
people  has  permitted  the  examination  of  the  plants  in 
a  condition  which  could  not  have  been  anticipated. 
And,  happily,  the  examination  of  these  materials  has 
been  made  by  a  botanist  who  is  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  existing  flora  of  Egypt,  for  Dr.  Schweinfurth 
has  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  been  exploring  the 
plants  of  the  Nile  valley.  The  plant-remains  were 
included  within  the  mummy- wrappings,  and  being 
thus  hermetically  sealed,  have  been  preserved  with 
scarcely  any  change.  By  placing  the  plants  in  warm 
water,  Dr.  Schweinfurth  had  succeeded  in  preparing 
a  series  of  specimens  gathered  4000  years  ago,  which 
are  as  satisfactory  for  the  purposes  of  science  as  any 
collected  at  the  present  day.  These  specimens  con- 
sequently supply  means  for  the  closest  examination 
and  comparison  with  their  living  representatives.  The 
colours  of  the  flowers  are  still  present,  even  the  most 
evanescent,  such  as  the  violet  of  the  Larkspur  and 
Knapweed,  and  the  scarlet  of  the  Poppy  ;  the  chloro- 
phyll remains  in  the  leaves,  and  the  sugar  in  the  pulp 
of  the  raisins.  Dr.  Schweinfurth  has  determined  no 
less  than  fifty-nine  species,  some  of  which  are  repre- 
sented by  the  fruits  employed  as  offerings  to  the  dead. 


others  by  the  flowers  and  leaves  made  into  garlands 
and  the  remainder  by  branches  on  which  the  body 
was  placed,  and  which  were  enclosed  within  the 
wrappings. 

The  votive  offerings  consist  of  the  fruits,  seeds,  or 
stems  of  twpnty-nine  species  of  plants.  Three  Palm 
fruits  are  (onrnon — the  Medemia  Argun,  Wiirt.,  of 
the  Nubian  Desert,  and  the  Hyphsene  thebaica.  Mart., 
of  Upper  Egypt,  agreeing  exactly  with  the  fruits  of 
these  plants  in  our  own  day  ;  also  Dates  of  different 
forms  resembling  exactly  the  varieties  of  dried  Dates 
found  now  in  the  markets  of  Egypt.  Two  Figs  are 
met  with — Ficus  carica,  L,,  and  Ficus  Sycomorus,  L  , 
the  latter  exhibiting  the  incisions  still  employed  by 
the  inhabitants  for  the  destruction  of  the  Neuropterous 
insects  which  feed  on  them.  The  Sycamore  was  one 
of  the  sacred  trees  of  Egypt,  and  the  branches  used 
for  the  bier  of  a  mummy  found  at  Abd-el-Qurna,  of 
the  twentieth  dynasty  {looo  years  before  the  Christian 
era),  were  moistened  and  laid  out  by  Dr.  Schwein- 
furth— equalling,  he  says,  the  best  specimens  of  this 
plant  in  our  herbaria,  and  consequently  permitting 
the  most  exact  comparison  with  living  Sycamores, 
from  which  they  differ  in  no  respect.  The  fruit  of 
the  Vine  is  common,  and  presents,  besides  some 
forms  familiar  to  the  modern  grower,  others  which 
have  been  lost  to  cultivation.  The  leaves  which  have 
been  obtained  entire  exactly  agree  in  form  with  those 
cultivated  at  the  present  day,  but  the  under  surface  is 
clothed  with  white  hairs,  a  peculiarity  Dr.  Schweinfurth 
has  not  observed  in  any  Egyptian  Vines  of  our  time. 
A  very  large  quantity  of  Linseed  was  found  in  a  tomb 
at  Thebes  of  the  twentieth  dynasty,  now  3000  years 
old,  and  a  smaller  quantity  in  a  vase  in  another  tomb 
of  the  twelfth  dynasty,  that  is,  looo  years  older.  This 
belongs  certainly  to  Linum  humile.  Mill.,  the  species 
still  cultivated  in  Egypt,  from  which  the  capsules  do 
not  differ  in  any  respect.  Braun  had  already  deter- 
mined this  species  preserved  thus  in  the  tombs, 
though  he  wa^  not  aware  of  its  continued  cultivation 
in  Egypt.  The  berries  of  Juoiperus  phfenicea,  L., 
are  found  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation,  and  pre- 
sent a  somewhat  larger  average  size  than  those  obtained 
from  this  Juniper  at  the  present  day.  Grains  of 
Barley  and  Wheat  are  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the 
tombs  ;  M.  Marielte  has  found  Barley  in  a  grave  at 
Sakhara  of  the  fifth  dynasty,  5400  years  old. 

The  impurities  found  with  the  seeds  of  these  culti- 
vated plants  show  that  the  weeds  which  trouble  the 
tillers  of  the  soil  at  the  present  day  in  Egypt  were 
equally  the  pests  of  their  ancestors  in  those  early  ages. 
The  Barley  fields  were  infested  with  the  same  spiny 
Medick  (Medicago  denticulata,  Willd.)  which  is  still 
found  in  the  grain  crops  of  Egypt.  The  presence  of 
the  pods  of  Sinapis  arvensis,  L.,  among  the  Flax  seed 
testi^es  to  'he  presence  of  this  weed  in  the  Flax  crops 
of  the  days  of  Pharaoh,  as  of  our  own  time.  There  is 
not  a  single  field  of  Flax  in  E^ypt  where  this  Char- 
lock does  not  abound  ;  and  often  m  such  quantity  ihat 
its  yellow  flowers,  just  before  the  Flax  comes  into 
bloom,  present  the  appearance  of  a  crop  of  Mustard. 
The  Charlock  is  Sinapis  arvensis,  L.,  var.  Allionii, 
Jacq.,  and  is  distinguished  from  the  ordinary  form  by 
its  globular  and  inflated  silicules,  which  are  as  charac- 
teristically present  in  the  ancient  specimens  from  the 
tombs  as  in  the  living  plants.  Rumex  dentatus,  L.» 
the  Dock  of  the  Egyptian  fields  of  to  day,  has 
been  found  in  graves  of  the  Greek  period  at  Dra- 
Abu-Negga. 

It  is  difHcult  without  the  actual  inspection  of  the 
specimen  plants  employed  as  garlands,  which  have 
been  prepared  by  Dr.  Schweinfurth,  to  realise  the 
wonderful  condition  of  preservation  in  which  they 
are.  The  colour  of  the  petals  of  Papaver  Rhceis,  L-, 
and  the  occasional  presence  of  the  dark  patch  at  their 
bases  present  the  same  peculiarities  as  are  still  found 
in  this  species  growing  in  Egyptian  field-;.  The 
petals  of  the  Larkspur  (Delphinium  orientale,  Ga> )  not 
only  retain  their  reddish-violet  colour,  but  present  the 
peculiar  markings  which  are  still  found  in  the  living 
plant.  A  garland  composed  of  wild  Celery  (Apium 
graveolens,  L.)  and  small  flowers  of  the  blue  Lotus 
(Nympheea  ccerulea,  Sav.),  fastened  together  by  fibres 
of  Papyrus,  was  found  on  a  mummy  of  the  twentieth 
dynasty,  about  3000  years  old.  The  leaves,  flowers, 
and  fruits  of  the  wild  Celery  hive  been  examined  with 
the  greatest  care  by  Dr.  Schweinfurth,  who  has 
demonstrated  in  the  clearest  manner  their  absolute 
identity  with  the  indigenous  form  of  this  species  now 
abundant  in  moist  places  in  Egypt.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  the  other  plants  used  for  garlands,  including 
two  speciesjof  Lichens. 


328 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


ISeptember  II,  1886. 


It  appears  to  have  been  a  practice  to  lay  out  the 
dead  bodies  on  a  bier  of  fresh  branches,  and  these 
were  inclosed  within  the  linen  wrappings  which 
enveloped  the  mummy.  In  this  way  there  have  been 
preserved  branches  of  considerable  size  of  Ficus 
Sycamorus,  L.,  Olea  europsa,  L.,  Mimusops 
Schimperi,  H.,  and  Tamarix  nilotica,  Ehrb.  The 
Mimusops  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  mural  deco- 
rations of  the  ancient  temples ;  its  fruit  had  been 
detected  amongst  the  offerings  to  the  dead,  and 
detached  leaves  had  been  found  made  up  into  garlands, 
but  the  discovery  of  branches  with  their  leaves  still 
attached,  and  in  one  case  with  the  fruit  adhering, 
has  established  that  this  plant  is  the  Abyssinian 
species  to  which  Schimper'sname  has  been  given,  and 
which  is  characterised  by  the  long  and  slender  petiole 
of  the  leaf. 

In  none  of  the  species,  except  the  Vine  to  which  I 
have  referred,  which  Dr.  Schweinfurth  has  discovered, 
and  of  which  he  has  made  a  careful  study,  has  he  been 
able  to  detect  any  peculiarities  in  the  living  plants 
which  are  absent  in  those  obtained  from  the  tombs. 

Before  passing  from  these  Egyptian  plants  I  would 
draw  attention  to  the  quality  of  the  cereals.  They  are 
good  specimens  of  the  cereals  still  cultivated.  This 
observation  is  true  also  of  the  cultivated  grains  which 
I  have  examined,  belonging  to  prehistoric  times.  The 
Wheat  found  in  the  purely  British  portion  of  the 
ancient  village  explored  by  General  Pitt-Rivers  is 
equal  to  the  average  of  Wheat  cultivated  at  the 
present  day.  This  is  the  more  remarkable,  because 
the  two  samples  from  the  later  Romano-British  period 
obtained  by  General  Pitt-Rivers  are  very  much 
smaller,  though  they  are  not  unlike  the  small  hard 
grains  of  Wheat  still  cultivated  on  thin  chalk  soils. 
The  Wheat  from  lake  dwellings  in  Switzerland,  for 
which  I  am  indebted  to  J.  T.  Lee,  Esq.,  F.G.S.,  are  fair 
samples.  My  colleague,  Mr.  W.  Fawcett,  has  re- 
cently brought  me  from  America  grains  of  Maize  from 
the  prehistoric  mounds  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  from  the  tombs  of  the  Incas  of  Peru,  which 
represent  also  fair  samples  of  this  great  food  substance 
of  the  New  World.  The  early  peoples  of  both  worlds 
had  then  under  cultivation  productive  varieties  of 
these  important  food-plants,  and  it  is  remarkable  that 
in  our  own  country,  with  all  the  appliances  of  scientific 
cultivation  and  intelligent  farming,  we  have  not  been 
able  to  appreciably  surpass  the  grains  which  were 
harvested  by  our  rude  ancestors  of  2000  years  ago. 

(To  bt  continued.) 


TEAK-WOOD    AND    PAPER- 
MAKING  IN  SIAM. 
Referring  to  Teak-wood,   in  his  report  on  the 
trade  of  Bangtok   for  the   past   year,    Mr.   Consul 
French  says : — 

Throughout  the  year  the  prices  oficred  for  Teak  in 
Europe  and  China  were  good,  and  the  export  from 
Bangkok  was,  although  below  that  of  the  two  pre- 
vious years,  above  the  average  of  the  preceding  five 
years.  The  rivers  have  now  for  two  years  past  been 
very  low,  and  consequently  much  of  the  wood  could 
not  be  floated  down.  There  is  now  a  considerable 
quantity  of  logs  up  country,  the  accumulation  result- 
ing from  two  bad  seasons,  awaiting  favourable  floods 
to  get  down.  More  European  capital  is  now  being 
invested  in  the  working  of  the  Teak  forests,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  the  experiment  will  result  success- 
fully. Hitherto  the  forests  have  been  leased  chiefly 
to  Burmese,  very  few  of  whom  have  sufficient  capital. 
The  result  has  been  that  the  forests  have  been  worked 
in  a  meagre  and  unsatisfactory  fashion,  and  litigation 
between  the  foresters  and  the  persons  advancing  their 
money  has  been  bitter  and  constant.  The  export  of 
Teak  may  be  said  to  almost  entirely  depend  upon  the 
ship  building  business  in  Europe,  and  as  long  as  the 
present  stagnation  in  that  trade  continues  the  prospect 
before  Teak  merchants  will  not  be  encouraging. 

Native  paper,  it  is  said,  is  manufactured  from  the 
bark  of  a  tree  called  "Toukoi,"  the  process  of  which 
is  a  simple  one,  described  as  follows  :  —  The  smaller 
branches  of  the  tree  are  cut  and  steeped  in  water  for 
two  or  three  days.  The  bark  is  then  stripped  off, 
and  brought  in  bundles  and  sold  to  persons  who  make 
the  paper.  The  bundles  of  bark  are  put  in  water  for 
two  or  three  days  by  the  paper-maker,  and  having 
been  cleansed  from  dirt,  are  taken  out  and  steamed 
over  a  slow  6re  for  two  days,  a  little  clean  stone-lime 
being  sprinkled  through  the  bark.     It  is  then  steeped 


in  water  in  earthern  jars,  and  more  lime  is  added. 
After  a  few  days  it  is  taken  out  of  the  jars,  and 
having  been  well  washed,  to  free  it  from  the  lime,  it 
is  beaten  with  a  wooden  mallet  until  it  becomes  a 
mass  of  soft  pulp.  A  frame  of  netting  about  6J  feet 
long,  and  of  width  varying  from  18  to  5  inches,  is  set 
afloat  in  water,  and  the  pulp,  having  first  been  again 
mixed  up  with  water,  is  skilfully  poured  out  on  to  the 
frame,  so  as  to  be  equally  distributed  over  it.  The 
frame  is  then  lifted  out  of  the  water,  and  a  small 
wooden  roller  is  run  over  the  surface  of  the  pulp.  By 
this  process  the  water  is  squeezed  out  and  the  pulp 
pressed  together.  The  frame  with  the  pulp  on  it  is 
then  set  to  dry  in  the  sum.  In  the  course  of  some 
ten  hours  it  is  quite  dry,  and  the  sheet  of  paper  can 
be  lifted  off  the  frame.  It  now  only  remains  to 
smooth  the  surface  ;  this  is  done  by  applying  a  thin 
paste  of  rice-flour  to  the  surface,  and  then  rubbing  it 
down  with  a  smooth  stone.  A  black  paper,  which  is 
written  upon  with  a  slate  or  steatite  pencil,  is  made 
by  colouring  the  surface  with  a  mixture  of  charcoal. 
The  paper  here  described  is  made  from  the  bark  of 
Broussonetia  papyrifera.  J.  R.  J, 


PAPAVER    PAVONINUM. 

I  VENTURE  to  send  you  a  few  specimens  of  a  new 
annual  Poppy,  Papaver  pavoninum  (fig.  67,  p.  329), 
Schrenk.  It  is  of  dwarf  habit,  few  of  the  plants  ex- 
ceeding a  foot  in  height.  The  foliage  strikes  one  as 
being  neater  and  decidedly  less  weedy  than  in  most  of 
the  annual  Poppies ;  but  it  is  the  bud  and  expanded 
flower  which  offer  the  most  remarkable  features.  The 
two  sepals  are  each  prolonged  at  the  tip  into  a  curious 
hornlike  appendage,  which  would  have  justified  some 
such  specific  name  as  bicornutum,  but  I  presume 
Schrenk's  name  must  have  the  priority. 

The  petals  are  of  a  brilliant  scarlet,  each  being 
marked  near  the  base  with  a  zone  of  glossy  black,  the 
united  bands  forming  a  complete  ring  of  a  striking 
effect  during  the  first  hours  of  the  day.  When  fully 
expanded  they  are  nearly  4  inches  across.  The  plant 
is  very  free  flowering,  one  of  moderate  size  will  pro- 
duce a  hundred  flowers.  It  is  a  native  of  Turkestan, 
whence  seeds  were  sent  by  Dr.  Albert  Regel.  W. 
Thompson,  Ipswich.  [The  plant  is  also  found  in 
Afghanistan,  being  the  P.  Cornigerum  of  Stocks  (see 
Boissier,  Flora  OrientaliSy  i.,  116).     Ed.] 


MARKET   PLANTS. 

The  establishment  of  Messrs.  Gregory  and  Evans, 
at  Sidcup,  is  one  of  the  large  nurseries  that  have  come 
into  existence  in  recent  times,  where  plants  and 
flowers  are  grown  to  supply  the  all  but  insatiable 
market  Covent  Garden.  The  land,  some  eight  acres, 
was  bought  about  seven  years  ago.  Now  con- 
siderably over  half  the  space  is  covered  with  glass. 
The  houses,  in  common  with  those  now  built  by  the 
leading  market  growers,  are  span-roofed,  and  so  con- 
structed as  to  give  a  maximum  amount  of  light  to  the 
various  plants  grown  in  them.  Yet  in  one  respect 
Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans'  houses  differ  from  those 
in  most  of  the  market  places  so  far  that  they  have 
side-lights  about  18  inches  deep,  and  by  this  arrange- 
ment still  more  light  is  admitted.  Needless  to  say 
that  at  the  present  day,  with  the  keen  competition 
that  exists,  anything  in  the  shape  of  flowering  plants 
that  are  not  as  short-jointed,  compact,  and  sturdy 
as  the  tufts  of  Heather  that  grow  on  the  mountains, 
are  useless  in  Covent  Garden.  This  is  so  well 
understood  by  the  growers  that  those  who  are  unlucky 
enough  to  be  in  possession  of  the  old-fashioned 
erections,  deficient  of  light,  occupy  them  with  Palms, 
Ferns,  Aspidistras,  and  other  fine  leaved  plants,  and 
even  in  the  case  of  these  those  who  have  thoroughly 
light  houses  have  a  decided  advantage  in  the  prices 
they  can  realise. 

Pelargoniums  are  a  leading  feature  at  Linglands, 
the  greater  part  of  a  block  of  eleven  houses,  each 
100  feet  by  15,  being  filled  with  them.  The  varieties 
comprise  those  that  find  the  most  favour  in  the 
market.  The  public  who  buy  these  plants  know  and 
care  nothing  about  the  niceties  of  the  florist's  standard. 
What  they  require  are  decorative  plants  of  pure  and 
bright  colours,  with  the  markings  well  defined,  com 
bined  with  a  short-jointed  sturdy  habit,  and  a  pro 
fuse  disposition  to  flower  so  as  to  form  a  sheet  of 
bloom  backed  with  healthy  foliage.  To  those  who 
have  not  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  favourite  market 
varieties,   yet  who  may  be  desirous  to  grow   kinds 


that  will  give  the  best  return  in  the  shape 
of  telling  flowers,  a  short  list  of  the  leading 
varieties  grown  by  Messrs.  Gregory  and  Evans, 
with  their  colours,  may  be  of  use  ;  Braid's  Decorator, 
white,  with  deep  crimson  spots  on  the  petals  ;  Haye's 
'Decorator,  deep  reddish-pink;  grandis  odorata,  bril- 
liant crimson,  with  dark  feathered  markings  ;  Smith's 
Regale,  petals  pink,  edged  with  white,  dark  feathered 
markings  ;  Alfred  Brown,  a  high  coloured  flower,  with 
large  conspicuous  spot  on  all  the  petals  ;  Kingston 
Beauty,  pure  white  ground,  with  maroon  blotch  on 
top  petals,  smaller  spots  well  defined  on  lower  petals  ; 
virginale,  white,  with  maroon  spots,  a  very  early  sore ; 
Mrs.  Bradshaw,  flesh  white,  with  large  blackish- 
purple  feather ;  a  seedling  raised  here  is  one  of  the 
best  sorts,  crimson  ground  colour,  with  dark  blotch 
on  top  petals ;  another  seedling  named  Fire  Ball, 
vivid  carmine  with  deep  feathered  markings  ;  Charles 
Braid,  bright  red,  with  violet  centre  and  dark  blotch 
on  top  petals ;  Alice,  flesh  colour  with  small  red 
spots  on  lower  petals,  and  large  feathered  blotch  on 
top  petals ;  Miss  Wetherall,  pink  ground,  white 
centre,  large  feathered  spot  on  top  petals ;  Robert, 
green,  ground  colour  a  vivid  shade  of  violet  crimson, 
dark  spots  on  top  petals ;  Duchess  of  Bedford, 
pure  white  ground  colour,  small  pink  feathered  spot 
on  top  petals  ;  Hercules,  crimson,  with  dark  feathered 
spots  on  top  petals  ;  Miss  Nellie,  pure  white,  crimson 
feathered  spots  on  all  the  petals  ;  Murmurens  Im- 
proved, a  bright-coloured  effective  variety  ;  Black 
Prince,  maroon,  petals  edged  with  white.  The 
remaining  portion  of  this  lot  of  bouses  is  filled  with 
Ferns,  mostly  Adiantum  cuneatum,  of  which  100,000 
are  raised  from  seed  annually,  all  grown  in  4S'sized 
pots.  A  favourite  combination  in  the  market  now  is 
a  plant  of  Pteris  cretica  and  Adiantum  cuneatum 
growing  together  in  the  same  pot.  A  pretty  crested 
form  of  Adiantum  has  appeared  here  ;  it  is  distinct 
and  effective  in  appearance.  Pteris  tremula  is  largely 
grown  at  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans'  other  place  at 
L?e  J  ten  houses  are  filled  with  this  Fern  and  Cyperu=. 
Polypodium  aureum,  another  good  mtrket  Fern,  is 
grown  in  considerable  numbers. 

Dracjenas  in  quantity  are  grown,  consisting  prin- 
cipally of  D.  terminalis,  D.  rubra,  and  the  narrow- 
leaved  D.  congesta,  which  is  one  of  the  best  plants 
for  a  room. 

Several  houses  are  occupied  by  Fuchsias,  that  take 
the  place  of  Pelargoniums  and  other  things,  which  are 
cleared  off  early  in  spring.  Of  the  yellow  Marguerite, 
Etoile  d'Or,  numbers  are  grown, 

A  large  span-roofed  house  is  devoted  to  Azaleas  for 
cutting  J  the  old  indica  alba  and  Fielder's  White  ate 
liked  better  than  the  more  formal-shaped  kinds. 

Rhodanthes,  both  the  red  and  white  varieties  in 
various  stages,  so  as  to  keep  up  a  supply  all  the 
season,  are  grown  by  the  thousand. 

A  set  of  houses,  five  in  number,  each  150  feet  long, 
are  filled  with  various  things.  Two  others,  each 
iSo  feet  long  and  25  feet  wide,  are  filled  with  Gar- 
denias, Ficus  elastica,  Pandanus  Veitchii,  Croton 
Weismannii,  and  Palms,  of  such  kinds  as  Phoeaix 
relcinata,  Seaforthias,  and  Latania  borbonica, 

A  commencement  has  been  made  with  pot  Roses, 
a  house  150  feet  long,  by  30  wide,  is  filled  with 
plants  that  have  been  grafted  this  year,  many  o 
which,  at  the  end  of  May,  when  I  saw  them  were 
from  4  to  s  feet  high  ;  Matechal  Niel,  Gloire  de 
Dijon,  Niphetos,  and  Isabella  Sprunt,  are  the  prin- 
cipal varieties  grown.  Another  house  of  the  same 
length  as  the  last,  is  similarly  occupied. 

Another  lot  of  nine  houses,  each  100  feet  by  12, 
is  principally  devoted  to  pink,  white,  and  red  zonal 
Pelargoniums.  A  long  house  contains  Cyclamens 
raised  from  seed  last  summer,  and  ready  for  removal 
to  the  pots  in  which  they  are  to  flower.  A  pair  of 
houses,  each  200  feet  long  by  24  wide,  and  12  feet 
high,  were  just  being  finished.  Heaths,  both  winter 
and  spring  flowering  varieties,  are  a  speciality  at  this 
nursery  ;  in  addition  to  various  long  pits,  two  houses, 
each  2cra  feet  by  15  are  occupied  by  them.  The 
varieties  grown  to  bloom  during  autumn  and  winter 
are  E.  Caffra,  (syn  :  E.  prolifera),  E.  gracilis,  and 
E.  hyemilis  superba,  which  has  larger  flowers  than 
the  old  E.  hyemalis  :  of  these  from  50,000  to  60,000  are 
grown.  E.  perspicua  nana,  E.  perspicua  erecta,  E. 
ventricosa  coccinea  minor,  and  E.  ventricosa  magni- 
fica  are  the  leading  spring  flowering  varieties  for 
which  there  is  a  demand  in  Covent  Garden. 
It  may  seem  strange,  that  out  of  the  hundred, 
of  beautiful  varieties  of  these  plants  that 
are    in    cultivatioa   there    should    be    so    lew    that 


September   ii,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


329 


have  been  found  that  will  conform  to  the 
small-pot  culture  indispensable  in  a  market  plant, 
and  that  suit  the  taste  of  the  public.  In  fact,  a  new 
plant,  or  even  an  old  one,  that  will  answer  all  that  is 
required  by  both  the  growers  and  the  buyers   is  a 


upon  by  plant  growers  as  evidences  of  more  than 
ordinary  skilful  cultivation.  Most  people  who  are 
conversant  with  plant-growing  know  what  is  done 
with  the  late-flowering  Heath  (E.  hyemalis)  already 
named  ;  the  size  the  plants  are  grown  to,   coupled 


Fig.  67.— papaver  pavoninum  :   hardy  annual  :   flowers  scarlet,  with  a  grey  eye  bordered 
with  black.     (ske  p.  32s. ) 


rarity.  Yet  now  and  then  one  turns  up,  such  as  the 
marvellous  examples  of  Erica  Cavendishii  that  during 
the  last  two  or  three  seasons  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans 
have  produced,  and  which  for  their  sire  and  strength 
of  growth,  smothered  with  flowers  as  they  are,  and 
grown  in  such  little  pots— 40's  and  48's— are  looked 


with  the  profusion  of  flowers  they  produce  in  the 
little  pots,  which  growth  is  the  outcome  of  careful 
observation  in  ascertaining  how  much  manurial 
feeding  the  plants  will  bear  without  its  killing  them 
before  they  bloom  ;  and  thouRh  the  experienced  culti- 
vator can  rpar.j);e  ihis,  ii  is  a  question  jf  one  of  the 


high-fed  plants  out  of  each  dozen  of  this  variety  that 
is  grown  lives  to  see  the  summer  following  its 
blooming  ;  and  in  the  case  of  a  variety  such  as  The 
Cavendishi  Heath,  that  after  making  its  growth 
remains  all  but  dormant  through  the  winter,  the  use 
of  manurial  stimulants  to  the  extent  necessary  to  get 
such  growth  with  the  limited  root-space  is  much  mote 
diiificult.  Some  of  the  plants  are  flowered  at  two 
years  old,  but  the  majority  are  three  years  ;  many  of 
the  latter  were  15  inches  through,  by  as  much  or  more 
in  height,  with  eight  ot  ten  spiky  shoots,  9  or  10 
inches  long,  the  flowers  almost  hiding  the  foliage. 
From  2000  to  3000  of  these  were  grown  this  year,  and 
found  ready  sale. 

Eight  of  Rochford's  boilers  are  at  work  in  the 
place,  some  of  them  15  feet  long,  others  9  feet — in 
some  respects  the  latter  are  liked  best.  As  an  evidence 
of  the  power  of  the  smaller  size  I  may  mention  that 
one  of  them  is  heating  two  of  the  200  feet  by  15 
houses,  each  of  which  has  four  rows  of  4-inch  piping, 
which,  with  the  mains,  connections,  and  the  lengths 
running  across  the  end  of  the  houses,  will  collectively 
be  not  less  than  18,000  feet  ;  yet  I  was  informed 
that  there  is  never  any  occasion  to  push  the  fire,  but 
rather  a  necessity  for  keeping  it  checked  by  banking 
up.    T.  B. 


THE     COLONIAL    EXHIBITION. 
No.  .\. 

India  {continued)  — Dye  products,  and  the  method 
of  their  manufacture  or  preparation,  are  well  illus- 
trated in  the  Indian  Court.  Amongst  the  products 
themselves  the  samples  of  Annatto  (Bixa  Orel- 
lana)  will  be  noticed  for  the  brightness  of  the 
colour,  and  the  large  size  of  the  seed?.  This  product 
is  well  represented  amongst  the  Cejlon  and  West 
Indian  exhibits,  and  is  referred  to  under  those 
heads.  Here  are  also  large  samples  of  Tissoo  or 
Pulas  flowers  (Bulea  frondosa),  of  a  bright,  fresh 
yellow  colour,  used  for  dyeing  yellow  and  orange- 
red.  The  tree  is  one  of  those  which  yield  a 
variety  of  products.  The  root-bark  gives  a  good 
fibre  used  for  coarse  cordage,  also  for  making 
slow  matches,  and  for  caulking  the  seams  of 
boats.  The  gum  or  resin,  under  the  name  of 
Bengal  Kino,  is  astringent,  and  is  used  in  medicine, 
while  the  seeds  are  used  as  a  purgative  and  vermifuge, 
and  the  leaves  are  employed  as  plates.  Here  are 
pods  of  Acacia  concinna,  which  contain  a  quantity  of 
saponaceous  matter,  and  are  used  as  soap,  especially 
for  washing  the  hair.  The  leaves  of  this  species  are 
eaten  on  account  of  the  acid  flavour  they  possess.  Of 
indigo  the  exhibits  are  both  good  and  numerous,  and 
the  model  of  an  indigo  factory  will  not  fail  to  attract 
the  attention  of  all  visitors,  so  accurate  is  it  in  detail 
and  so  perfect  in  finish.  The  model  shows  the  pro. 
cess  of  steeping  the  plants  and  pressing  them  in  the 
vats  or  divisions,  from  which  the  water  runs  by  a  kind 
of  pan  into  a  large  receptacle  below,  in  which  the 
workmen  stand  up  to  their  middles  in  indigo,  stirring 
it  with  long  poles,  and  in  a  room  behind  is  seen  wire 
or  wicker  frames  on  which  the  cakes  of  indigo  are 
placed  to  dry.  The  model  gives  a  very  good  idea  of 
the  preparation  of  an  important  article  of  commerce 
about  which  but  little  is  popularly  known. 

The  other  models  illustrating  Indian  industries  are 
oil  pressing,  Sugar-cane  pressing,  and  the  preparation 
of  sugar  from  the  Date  Palm,  in  which  the  collector 
of  the  toddy  is  represented  in  the  crown  of  leaves 
drawing  the  juice  from  the  freshly  cut  spathe. 

In  the  matter  of  direct  forest  produce,  such  as 
timbers  and  Bamboos,  many  excellent  examples  are 
shown.  The  timber  trophy  or  screen  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Economic  Court  is  composed  of  small  speci- 
mens of  a  great  variety  of  useful  timbers,  the  most 
striking  specimens,  however,  are  the  large  planks  and 
blocks  of  Padonk  (Pterocarpus  indicus),  of  which  also 
an  enormous  squared  trunk  lies  outside  in  the  adjoin- 
ing promenade.  The  Padonk,  or  as  it  is  sometimes 
called  Andaman  Red-wood,  is  a  lofty  tree  of  Burmah 
and  the  Andaman  Islands.  The  wood  is  fairly  hard, 
even  grained,  and  easily  worked,  and  is  well  known  for 
its  deep  red  colour,  which  darkens  or  becomes  brown 
on  exposure  to  the  light.  It  is  a  very  useful  wood, 
and  is  much  used  for  furniture  as  well  as  for  cabinet 
work,  carriage  wheels,  and  similar  purposes  in  India. 

Another  wood  that  will  no  doubt  attract  consider- 
able attention  amongst  cabinet  makers,  is  the  Anda- 
man marble  wood  (Diospyros  Kurzii),  an  evergreen, 
the  native  of  the  Andaman  Islands,  as  its  common 
name  indicates,     The  wood   is  very  hard,  irregularly 


330 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


ISeptember  II,  1886. 


blotched  wUb  black  markings  upon  a  greyish  ground, 
usually  arranged  in  alternate  streaks  of  grey  and 
black,  but  in  the  plank  exhibited  at  Kensington,  the 
figuring  resembles  as  near  as  possible  what  might  be 
effected  by  the  casual  upsetting  of  an  ink-bottle,  an 
appearance  not  to  be  found  in  any  other  wood.  The 
smaller  specimens  of  woods  are  too  numerous  and  too 
well-known  to  claim  any  special  notice,  notwith- 
standing that  many  of  them  are  of  excellent  quality, 
both  on  the  score  of  durability  and  for  their  fine 
markings  or  figure,  and  ought  to  be  better  known 
amongst  English  hard  wood  dealers. 

In  the  matter  of  Bamboos,  the  well-known  bridge 
In  the  centre  of  the  Court  will  be  remembered  as  an 
excellent  illustration  of  what  these  gigantic  grasses 
can  be  applied  to,  besides  which  the  numerous  uses 
to  which  they  are  put  in  India  are  well  shown  in  the 
couches,  chairs,  baskets,  &c.,  which  surround  the  bridge, 
some  excellent  photographs  of  Bamboo  bridges  span- 
ning the  Sutlej,  are  also  shown  in  close  proximity. 
Astern  of  a  species  of  Calamus,  a  slender  climbing 
Palm,  often  popularly  confounded  with  the  Bamboos, 
is  shown  under  the  roof  of  the  court,  and  reaches 
almost  its  entire  length.  This,  though  a  fine  speci- 
men, is  not  however,  so  long  as  one  contained  in  the 
No.  2  Museum  at  Kew,  which  measures  over  400  feet, 
or  about  the  height  of  the  dome  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 
These  stems  are  very  pliable,  and  some  of  the  more 
slender  species  are  known  as  canes  and  are  used  when 
split  foi-  the  bottoms  of  chairs.  Another  Palm  pro- 
duct which  will  attract  attention  is  a  dug-out  or  canoe, 
6uch  as  is  ordinarily  used  in  India,  consisting  of  the 
hollowed  stem  of  a  Palm  from  which  one  side  has 
been  cut  away  and  the  central,  cellular  'portion  re- 
moved. The  bottom  of  the  canoe  has  therefore  no 
approach  to  a  keel,  but  is  simply  rounded— the  shape 
or  form  of  the  trunk. 

As  stated  before,  the  Indian  exhibits  are  extremely 
numerous  and  interesting.  A  fine  set  of  the  products 
have  been  obtained  for  the  Kew  Museums,  and  we 
may  have  an  opportunity  of  referring  to  them  more  in 
detail  at  a  future  time.  John  R.  Jackson,  Ciiralor, 
Museums,  Royal  Gardens,  Knu, 


THE  HYACINTH,  TULIP,  AND 
OTHER  DUTCH  BULBS. 
The  history  of  the  Hyacinth,  Tulip,  and  other 
Dutch  roots  has  been  written  more  than  once,  and  it 
is  unnecessary  to  say  any  more  on  that  subject.  I  am 
constrained  to  pen  a  few  remarks  at  this  time  because 
we  are  now  making  preparations  for  next  season's 
display.  Suggestions  have  been  made,  from  time  to 
time,  to  our  English  florists  to  grow  their  own  bulbs 
rather  than  trust  to  the  Dutch  to  supply  them.  It 
these  suggestions  had  been  practical  they  would 
doubtless  have  been  carried  out  long  ago.  The  trade 
find  it  answers  their  purpose  best  to  purchase  Dutch- 
grown  roots,  but  it  seems  to  be  a  question  now  whether 
the  business  is  profitable  to  the  growers.  The  com- 
petition has  been  very  keen  in  recent  years.  We  can 
in  our  own  gardens  imitate  the  careful  culture  of  the 
Dutch  growers  and  grow  Hyacinths  out-of-doors  year 
after  year,  as  well  as  they  do,  and  save  the  continual 
annual  expense  for  border  culture.  The  system  of 
culture  pursued  in  Holland  may  be  different  now  than 
it  used  to  be,  but  an  excellent  article  was  published 
in  a  Dutch  paper  nearly  half  a  century  ago  entitled 
"A  Year's  Culture  of  the  Hyacinth  at  Haarlem." 

The  Compost. 
October  being  the  season  for  planting  was  a  good 
date  to  begin  with,  and  the  preparation  of  the  soil 
was  very  minutely  described,  and  I  know  from  ex- 
perience, that  the  cultural  directions  given  there,  are 
admirably  adapted  for  English  gardens.  The  soil 
should  be  very  sandy,  fine  and  light  without  any  ap- 
pearance of  stones  or  gravel,  and  should  look  as  if  it 
had  been  pacsed  through  a  sieve.  All  kinds  of  loam 
or  s'.ilf  soil  should  be  avoided.  The  soil  should  be 
such  that  the  wind  can  separate  the  particles.  The 
thin  sand  of  the  Dutch  downs,  which  is  of  a  pale 
yellow  colour,  is  extensively  used  to  make  the  light 
loam  still  lighter,  and  it  is  made  rich  by  placing  a 
layer  of  cow  manure  below  the  bulbs  ;  the  base  of  the 
bulbs  should  be  6  inches  from  the  manure.  Dry 
weather  is  always  chosen  for  planting,  but  the  reasons 
for  this  are  obvious  and  need  not  be  mentioned.  The 
beds  after  being  planted,  are  covered  with  reeds  to 
still  further  protect  them  from  wet.  All  this,  and 
the  further  cultural  requirements,  can  be  done  in  this 


country  as  well  as  anywhere  else,  and  few  flowers 
better  repay  attention  than  the  Hyacinth.  What  are 
termed  common  Hyacinths  can  be  purchased  cheaply 
in  the  first  place,  and  they  can  be  grown  on  from  year 
to  year  if  the  leaves  are  allowed  to  decay.  The  bulbs 
should  be  dug  out  of  the  ground  about  the  end  of 
June,  and  this  will  allow  of  its  being  planted  with 
Asters,  Slocks,  or  other  plants  lor  late  summer  and 
autumn  flowering.  We  have  mixed  the  compost  for 
our  bulbs  that  have  to  be  grown  in  pals  today.  This 
is  usually  done  in  August,  but  we  are  rather 
later  this  year.  For  Hyacinths,  the  mixture  is 
two  parts  loam,  one  leaf  mould,  one  of 
river  sand,  and  one  of  leaf-mould,  and  one  of  cow 
manure.  We  use  the  same  for  Tulips,  except  that 
the  manure  is  taken  from  the  stable  instead  of  the 
cow-house.  For  Narcissus,  Crocus  and  a  few  other 
things  we  mix  the  two  composts  together.  I  do  not 
know  whether  there  is  so  much  in  the  potting  soil  as 
we  have  been  led  to  suppose.  Perhaps  another  mix- 
ture would  give  equally  as  good  results.  The  every 
day  after  treatment  of  the  plants  has,  perhaps,  more 
to  do  with  the  full  perfect  development  of  the 
flowers  than  anything  else.  At  the  same  time,  I 
would  not  care  to  use  a  different  potting  soil.  By 
the  advice  of  an  eminent  cultivator  I  used  a  larger 
proportion  of  manure,  but  found  this  was  an  error,  as 
they  did  better  with  the  proportion  I  have  stated. 
About  twenty  years  ago  I  was  advised  to  pot  the 
Hyacinths  in  pure  two-year-old  cow  manure,  reduced 
almost  to  mould,  which  crumbled  into  powder  on 
being  broken  up  with  the  hand--.  I  tried  a  few  bulbs 
only,  and  scored  a  lamentable  failure. 

Buying  Bulbs. 
The  bulb  catalogues  are  now  coming  in,  and  most 
of  the  dealers  have  obtained  their  supply.  Some 
amateurs  wait  until  the  end  of  the  season,  thinking 
that  they  will  get  bargains  in  that  way,  or  will  pick 
up  cheap  lots  at  auctions.  Goods  may  be  obtained 
for  less  money,  but  it  does  not  follow  that  they  will  be 
cheap.  No  greater  error  is  made  by  purchasers  of 
any  kind  of  goads  than  to  suppose  because  they  cost 
little  money  therefore  they  are  cheap.  The  highest 
priced  articles  are  invariably  the  cheapest,  and  the 
most  satisfactory,  both  at  the  end  and  at  the  begin- 
ning. Having,  therefore,  obtained  a  good  article 
from  a  respectable  dealer,  proceed  to  examine  the 
bulbs  to  see  that  they  are  all  right,  and  according  to 
the  order. 

Potting. 

Those  intended  for  early  flowering  should  be  potted 
about  the  middle  of  September,  on  to  the  end  of  that 
month— the  ordinary  collection  about  the  end  of 
October.  The  dried  roots  begin  to  push  out  their 
roots  by  that  time,  and  they  should  not  be  left  out  of 
the  potting  soil  after  that.  The  rough  and  ready 
way  of  potting  these  bulbs  is  to  push  them  into  the 
potting  soil,  level  the  mould  with  the  fingers,  and  the 
operation  is  completed.  The  right  way  is  to  make  a 
space  with  the  fingers,  place  a  little  clean  sand  in  the 
bottom,  the  base  of  the  Hyacinth  bulb  will  rest  on  the 
sand,  the  potting  soil  should  then  be  gently  pressed 
round  the  bulb,  leaving  the  crown  just  above  the  sur- 
face, another  pinch  of  sand  should  be  placed  over  it,  so 
that  the  compost  is  not  firmer  under  the  bulb  than  it  is 
any  where  else  ;  the  same  remark  holds  good  with  all 
the  other  bulbs.  When  potted  place  out-of-doors  in 
an  open  place,  and  cover  with  Cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse. 
They  should  be  placed  on  a  dry  hard  bottom  of  ashes  ; 
through  which  worms  are  not  likely  to  push  their  way. 
I  may  say  we  treat  all  our  bulbs  alike, 

Nakcissi. 
The  varieties  of  Narcissus  Tazetta  (Polyanthus 
Narcissus)  have  always  been  favourite  plants  for  pot 
culture  ;  but  during  recent  years  I  have  grown  many 
of  the  border  varieties  in  pots  ;  with  a  little  forcing 
they  come  in  before  those  out-of-doors.  Horsefieldii, 
maximus,  princeps,  and  obvallaris  are  very  distinct, 
and  are  much  valued  for  forcing.  I  grew  a  few 
spurius  coronatus  (General  Gordon)  last  year,  and 
they  formed  a  very  good  addition  to  our  collection. 
None  of  them  are  taken  out  of  the  plunging  material 
until  they  have  started  to  grow  ;  they  must  at  least 
have  made  considerable  root  growth.  A  good  placi 
for  them  when  taken  out  of  the  damp  Cocoa-nut  fibre 
is  a  close  frame  ;  a  mat  may  be  thrown  over  the  glass, 
to  keep  the  blanched  growth  dark,  but  they  must  be 
gradually  inured  to  the  light  and  air.  The  pots  may 
cither  be  removed  to  the  greenhouse  or  conservatory, 
as  circumstances  demand, 


Watering. 
The  whole  ol  these  bulbs  require  considerable 
attention  as  regards  watering.  Many  persons  fancy 
that  because  Hyacinths  can  be  grown  and  flowered 
in  glasses  filled  with  water,  that  the  soil  in  the  pots 
may  be  water-logged,  like  a  marsh,  and  suppose  that 
Hyacinths  will  do  well  with  such  treatment.  The 
(act  is  they  do  not  need,  and  ought  not  to  receive,  so 
much  water  a;  the  Tulip  and  Narcissus  pots.  The 
bulbs  of  Hyacinths  are  potted  singly  in  6  inch  pots; 
they  have  therefore  plenty  of  soil  to  grow  in,  and,  as 
a  rule,  do  not  require  water  more  than  twice  in  a 
week,  even  when  in  the  flowering  stage  ;  in  the  early 
stages  of  their  growth,  once  a  week  may  be  often 
enough.  These  may  seem  to  some  experienced  gar- 
deners trifling  details,  but  many  persons  miss  their  way 
for  lack  of  such  knowledge. 

G011D  Varieties  of  Bulbs. 

There  is  no  need  to  grow  a  large  number  of  varie- 
ties of  any  of  these  bulbous  plants.  We  grow  of 
Hyacinths  the  following  :  ^  Cavaignac,  pale  pink, 
Fabiola,  pale  rose,  slightly  striped  ;  Garibaldi,  crim- 
son ;  Gigantea,  very  pale  rose  ;  King  of  the  Reds, 
bright  red  ;  Macaulay,  deep  ro=e  ;  Solfaterre,  orange- 
red  ;  Von  Schiller,  salmon  ;  Vuurbaack,  rich,  bright 
red,  white  varieties  ;  Alba  maxima.  La  grandesse, 
Mont  Blanc,  Grandeur  a  MerveiUe,  blush,  blue  ; 
Baron  van  Tuyll,  dark  blue  ;  Blondin,  pale  blue  ; 
Czar  Peter,  pale  blue  ;  De  Candolle,  reddish-lilac  ; 
Grand  Mailre,  violet-blue  ;  King  of  the  Blues,  the 
best  dark  blue  ;  Lord  Derby,  the  best  of  the  pale  blue 
kinds ;  Marie,  purple-blue ;  Masterpiece,  black  ; 
Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge,  lavender  ;  Souvenir,  J. 
H.  Veen,  purple  blue  ;  The  Sultan,  purple-yellow  ; 
King  of  Yellows,  Bird  of  Paradise,  and  Ida.  The 
above  are  all  single.  We  grow  of  double  varieties. 
Koh-i-noor,  salmon  ;  Laurens  Koster,  dark  blue  ;  and 
Van  Speyk,  pale  blue.  Of  Polyanthus  Narcissus,  the 
best  are  Bathurst,  Gloriosa,  Grand  Monarque,  Her 
Majesty,  Newton,  and  Queen  of  the  Netherlands. 

The  few  Tulips  cultivated  in  our  garden,  are  Chry- 
solora,  yellow  ;  Fabiola,  rose,  white  feather  ;  Joost 
van  Vondel,  crimson  ;  and  the  same  variety,  white  ; 
Keizer  Kroon,  crimson  and  yellow  ;  Ophir  d'Of, 
pure  yellow  ;  Proserpine,  rose  ;  Vander  Neer,  purple; 
Vermilion  Brilliant,  and  Wouverman,  violet-purple. 
J.  Douglas.         


OF 


THE      CULTIVATION 
TOBACCO  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

As  our  readers  are  already  aware,  experiments  in 
the  culture  of  Tobacco  in  England  are  in  full  swing, 
and  to  Mr.  Elliott  (Lucombe,  Pince  &  C).),  of 
Alphington  Road,  St.  Thonia;,  has  fallen  the  distinc- 
tion of  experimentalist  in  this  portion  of  the  country. 
There  are  so  many  restrictions  connected  with  the 
"  trial  growths,"  and  the  revenue  authorities  treat 
these  experiments  for  the  commercial  welfare  with  so 
much  severity  of  condesqension  that  persons  under- 
taking the  cultivation  for  experiments'  sake  are  to  be 
congratulated  both  for  their  courage  and  for  their 
desire  to  find  out  whether  the  growing  of  the  fragrant 
weed  in  this  country  will  be  likely  to  prove  a  source  of 
profit.  Trials  in  other  places  thus  far  are  encouraging, 
and  Mr.  Elliott's  efforts  are  certainly  to  be  commended. 

Mr.  Elliottt  put  in  his  Tobacco  plants  about 
June  I  in  this  year,  raising  from  seeds  of  the  Virginian 
plant.  Acting  upon  the  advice  ot  an  authority  of 
some  note  in  the  matter  of  Tobacco  cultivation,  no 
manure  was  used  by  Mr.  Elliott,  whose  idea  through- 
out has  been  to  produce  quality  instead  of  quantity. 
The  plants  have  an  exceedingly  healthy  look,  but  they 
nevertheless  require  a  good  deal  of  attention.  The 
plucking  of  the  laterals  which  form  at  the  base  of 
every  leaf  is  the  matter  of  daily  attention,  and 
flower-spikes  have  to  be  just  as  carefully  and  per- 
sistently removed.  The  object  of  this  is  to  throw  all 
the  vigour  of  the  plant  into  a  limited  number  of 
leaves — main  strength  being  the  desideratum.  Mr. 
Elliott's  plants  have  from  nine  to  thirteen  leaves,  the 
average  size  being  2  feet  long  by  10  inches  broad. 
If  the  weather  continues  fine  the  plants  will  be  cut 
about  September  14,  and  the  process  of  drying  and 
fermentation  will  then  be  resorted  to.  After  being 
cut,  and  belore  being  hung  up  to  dry.  Tobacco  plants 
are  allowed  to  lie  an  hour  or  two  on  the  ground, 
when  the  leaves  will  become  wilted  and  drooping — a 
convenience  in  regard  to  the  ensuing  process.  It  is 
whilst  drying  that  the  leaves  begin  gradually  to 
assume  the   rich   brown  colour  proper  to  the  com- 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


33  r 


mercial  article.  The  leaves  are  afterwards  stripped 
from  the  stalks,  damped,  and  tied  into  a  bundle 
oJ  a  dozen  or  more  o(  leaves,  strings  being 
tied  towards  the  base  of  the  footstalk.  The 
bundles  are  packed  symmetrically  in  boxes  or 
between  boards,  and  heavily  weighted.  Whilst  in 
this  state  a  process  of  slow  fermentation  occurs,  the 
Tobacco  not  being  fit  for  use  until  this  takes  place. 
Mr,  Elliott  intends  to  conduct  his  plants  all  throuoh 
these  operations,  and  he  has  no  reason  whatever  to  fear 
anything  like  failure.  Very  wisely,  however,  he  has 
set  before  him  the  sole  task  of  discovery  whether 
smoking  tobacco  can  be  successfully  cultivated  in 
this  country— the  question  of  profit  he  has  very 
properly  made  a  matter  of  after  consideration.  He 
his  been  in  communication  with  that  well  known 
authority  on  the  subject.  Col.  R.  Trevor  Clarke,  of 
Axminster,  who  applauds  the  mode  of  procedure 
adopted  by  Mr.  Elliott,  and  thinks  that  with  the 
climatic  advantages  which  we  possess  in  Devonshire, 
a  creditable  crop  of  *'a  smokeable  article  "  ought  to 
be  cultivated.  The  other  day  a  competent  writer  in 
a  well-known  London  journal  said  that  he  knew  of  no 
place  in  England  better  suited  for  Tobacco  culti- 
vation than  the  valleys  of  Torquay,  which  was 
equivalent  to  saying  a  good  word  for  the 
rest  of  this  lovely  county.  In  fact,  it  was  this  recom- 
mendation that  prompted  Mr.  Elliott  to  his  present 
experiments. 

It  may  be  stated  that  that  gentleman  has  had 
to  give  sureties  to  the  extent  of  ;^50  to  abide  by 
Government  stipulations,  and  after  he  has  taken 
the  trouble  to  cultivate  and  prepare  the  Tobacco  f(  r 
smoking  purposes  he  will  either  have  to  pay  the  ordi- 
nary  duty  on  it,  or  send  it  to  authorised  custom 
stores.  Cultivators  of  over  an  acre  have  to  find 
surety  for  ^loo,  but  Mr.  Elliott's  is  under  the 
acre.  There  is  a  penalty  amounting  to  /'1600  for 
cultivating  more  than  half  a  land  yard  of  Tobacco, 
whilst  purchasers  of  the  weed,  when  illegally  culii- 
vated,  are  liable  to  be  called  upon  to  forfeit  ^1000. 
It  will  be  seen,  in  face  of  all  the  restrictions  pointed 
out,  how  much  the  experimentalists  are  entitled  to 
public  gratitude.  Visitors  to  the  American  Tobacco 
plantations — gentlemen  conversant  with  the  growth 
and  habits  of  the  plant — have  seen  Mr.  Elliott's  crop, 
and  their  comparative  comments  are  most  favourable. 
We  hope,  later  on,  to  record  that  the  anticipations 
formed  in  connection  with  Tobacco  growing  at  the 
Exeter  Nursery  have  been  fully  realised.  *^  Devon 
Evening  Express.'* 


(nrrl|td  lotfs  and  ileaiiiit^s. 


ANGR.-ECUM  SCOTTIANUM. 
Amongst  Ihe  various  forms  wiih  which  the 
southern  half  of  Africa,  Madagascar,  and  the  neigh- 
bouring islands  abound,  the  subject  of  thi<  nute  is 
interesting,  and  pretty  as  it  is  rare.  The  latter 
s'atement  applies  to  the  plant  in  this  country,  (or 
uhen  figured  in  the  Ganieners*  Chronicle^  iSSo, 
vol.  xiv.,  ij7,  fig.  30,  there  were  evidently  only  two 
plants  in  the  country.  It  comes  from  the  Comoro 
Islands,  and  forms  an  excellent  companion  plant  to 
A,  Kotschyi,  from  Zanzibar.  The  latter  is  notable 
not  only  for  the  length  of  its  spur,  but  also  from  the 
fact  that  it  is  spirally  twisted.  The  spur  in  both 
cases  is  intermediate  between  that  of  the  common 
species  and  the  now  well  known  .and  popular  A.  ses- 
quipedale.  The  spur  of  A.  Scottianum  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  6723,  where  the  plant  is  figured, 
is  said  to  be  4  inches  long,  but  a  plant  flowering  at 
Kew  has  a  spur  almost  or  quite  6  inches  long.  It  is 
round,  not  compressed,  as  in  A.  citratum  and  some 
others,  of  a  pale  trownish-yellow,  and  white  at  the 
base,  but  seems  to  vary  somewhat  in  that  respect. 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  narrow  and  white,  but 
altogether  surpassed  by  the  size  and  purity  of  the 
labellum,  which  constitutes  the  most  conspicuous 
feature  of  the  flower.  All  this  agrees  with  the 
usual  characters  of  Angrascum,  but  the  slender  stems 
and  almost  terete,  fleshy  leaves,  remind  one  of  Vanda 
teres,  a  Luisia,  or  a  Brassavola.  It  should  be  fastened 
to  a  block  or  raft,  mossed  over  with  sphagnum,  and 
hung  up  near  the  light  in  the  East  Indian  house,  as  it 
requires  a  moderately  high  temperature,  and  such  a 
position  is  also  favourable  to  the  pendent  inflores- 
cence and  resupinate  flowers.  J.  F. 


"  LiNDENIA." 

The  plants  figured  in  the  last  number  are  Ef'tJen- 
druin  atropiiypureuni  var.  Raniii,  t.  49,  a  racemose 
species  with  oblong  brown  segments,  edged  with 
yellow,  and  a  white  3-lobed  lip  streaked  with  violet. 
The  variety  is  stated  to  be  a  Brazilian  (Amazon)  form 
of  a  species  widely  distributed  from  Guatemala  south- 
wards. Much  heat  and  a  position  near  the  glass  are 
cultural  requisites.  After  the  plant  has  flowered  it 
should  be  allowed  to  go  to  rest,  and  the  supply  of 
water  consequently  diminished. 

Cyptipcdium  mia-echilutn  x  ,  t.  50,  is  a  hybrid 
between  C.  niveum  and  C,  Druryii.  It  has  white 
flower?,  with  a  central  violet  streak  on  the  segments. 
See  Gardeners*  Chronicle,  xvii.,  p.  77. 

Slanhofea  tigiina,  t.  5t,  a  grand  old  plant,  so 
handsome,  so  extraordinary,  so  fragrant,  that  we 
wonder  we  do  not  see  it  more  frequently,  especially 
as  its  culture  is  comparatively  easy.  The  short  dura- 
tion of  the  flowers,  however,  is  one  reason  why  these 
plants  are  not  in  much  favour. 

PhaliCnopiis  suniatrana,  t.  52,  a  species  with  a  flat 
5-starred  flower,  the  segments  obovate-acute,  cream- 
coloured,  with  transverse  bars  of  pale  purple.  The 
lip  is  small  and  white,  with  orange  spots  on  the 
lateral  lobes,  while  the  central  one  is  streaked  with 
purple  and  brown.  A  high  temperature,  combined 
with  abundance  of  moisture,  is  requisite  in  the  gro'v- 
ing  season.  If  grown  in  pots  the  greatest  care  must 
be  taken  to  secure  adequate  drainage. 

Orchids  in  Flower  at  the  Firs,  Lawrie  Park, 
Sydenham. 
This  is  perhaps  the  dullest  season  of  the  whole 
year  to  visit  a  collection  of  Orchids  with  the  expecta- 
tion of  finding  a  display  of  plants  in  flower,  but  the 
recent  importations  have  very  much  added  to  our 
stock  of  species  flowering  at  this  season.  The  lield 
from  which  our  supply  is  obtained  is  the  world,  and 
few  corners  have  been  left  unexplored  by  the  perse- 
vering collectors.  Qjite  a  recent  introduction  is  that 
singular  looking  pUnt  Oncidium  Jonesianum,  a 
species  that  has  been  introduced  in  abundance  duiing 
the  Ust  year.  It  is  njw  flowering  in  great  beauty  in 
Mr.  Dorman's  garden  ;  there  are  a  number  of  good 
specimens ;  one  plant  has  five  spikes  on  it.  The 
longest  spike  is  2  leet  6  inches  long,  and  has  six'een 
flowers  on  it,  the  number  of  blooms  on  the  plant 
being  fi  ty-two.  The  flowers  also  last  long  in  beauty, 
even  in  the  warmest  house  ;  some  of  them  have  been 
in  good  condition  six  weeks,  and  show  no  signs  of 
fading.  There  is  great  variety  in  the  reddish-brown 
spots  and  blotches  ;  also  in  the  size  of  the  flowers, 
which  are  all  creamy  white,  with  a  greenish  tinge. 
The  plants  seem  to  succeed  best  on  teak  rafts.  In 
the  same  house  are  three  handsome  examples  of 
Vanda  Sanderiana  with  a  flower  spike  on  each  ; 
eight  flowers  on  one  spike.  This  is  a  splendid 
addition  to  the  September  flowering  Orchids,  and  it 
also  seems  to  succeed  well  in  the  warmest  house 
near  the  glass.  The  flowers  have  been  so  recently 
described,  that  no  more  need  be  said  about  them, 
but  those  Orchid  fanciers  who  had  not  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  see  them,  have  a  pleasure  in  store  of  no 
ordinary  kind.  These  two  Orchids  are  at  present  the 
principal  feature  in  the  warmest  house  ;  in  the  adjoin- 
ing house,  which  is  for  Cattleyas,  C.  luteola  is  what 
the  ladies  would  call  "sweetly  pretty,"  it  is  very 
small  as  a  Cattleya,  but  the  llowers  have  yellow  sepaU 
and  petals  ;  the  lip  of  the  same  colour,  orange  at  the 
base,  with  purplish  lines  in  the  throat.  I.r  the  large 
Cattleya-house,  La:lia  elegans  prasiata  is  very  charm- 
ing, it  is  quite  distinct  as  a  variety,  the  sepals  and 
petals  are  dull  rose-purple,  with  a  violet-purple  lip. 
Mr.  Djrman  possesses  one  of  the  largest  specimens  of 
the  new  white  L:elia  anceps  type,  but  neither  that  nor 
any  other  of  the  white  type  show  flowering  sheath=, 
but  this  shy  habit  of  flowering,  is  a  characteristic  of 
L.  anceps  Dawsonii ;  they  are  all  growing  well,  how- 
ever, and  will  flower  in  due  course.  Vet,  another 
Cattleya-house,  in  which  is  to  be  found  a  famous 
collection  of  no  less  than  eight  varieties  of  C.  Eldorado 
in  flower.  The  pure  white  form  is  very  beautiful, 
the  white  is  of  the  purest,  with  a  very  rich  orange 
blotch  in  the  centre  of  the  lip.  This  is  grown  here 
under  the  name  of  C.  Wallisii  ;  but  probably  C.  vir- 
ginalis  of  the  ///.  Hort.,  t.  257,  has  a  prior 
claim ;  another  form  has  white  sepals  and 
petals,  the  lip  has  a  purple  margin  with 
yellow  blotch  in  centre ;  a  very  handsome 
variety  has  rosy-lihc  sepals  and  petals  with  orange 
blotch.     The  flowers  of  all  of  them  have  the  sepals 


and  petals  well  opened.  The  usual  fault  with  this 
species  is  that  the  flowers  do  not  open  out  well  like 
most  other  Caitleyas.  A  plant  or  tivo  of  the  shy 
flowering,  but  handsome  C.  speciosissima  is  an  attrac- 
tion in  this  house.  Another  lovely  Orchid  in  flower 
here  is  Sobralia  virginalis,  the  flowers  of  good  form, 
large  in  size,  and  pure  while.  The  lip  is  slightly 
crumpled  and  reflexed,  marked  with  gamboge-yellow 
in  the  centre.  A  nice  group  of  Vanda  coerulea  is 
doing  well  in  one  of  the  Cattleya-houses,  they  are 
placed  near  the  door,  which  is  kept  open  to  admit  air 
freely  amongst  the  plants.  In  one  of  the  cool  houses 
there  are  three  plants  of  Maxillaria  Sanderiana  gro*- 
ing  very  fieely,  this  is  undoubtedly  the  finest  species 
in  the  genus,  and  no  more  to  be  named  with  M, 
grandiflora  than  moonshine  is  to  be  compared  to  sun- 
shine, O.icidiura  Phal^nopsis  is  also  very  pretty  in 
the  form  of  a  good  spike  in  the  cool-house,  this 
and  an  allied  species,  O.  cucullatum,  ought  to  be  in 
the  most  select  collection  of  cool  Orchids.  J.  D. 

Cattleya  Loddigesii  Candida. 
A  lovely  variety  of  this  old  well  known  plant  ; 
flowers  snow-white  with  green  lips  of  sepals  and 
green  middle  lines  of  them  outside.  There  is  a  cer- 
tain aetherean  lightest  hue  of  lightest  purple  on 
the  petals.  It  was  kindly  sent  by  Mr.  Tautz,  of 
Sludley  House,  Goldhawk  Road,  Loadon,  W. 
H.  a.  Rchb.  f. 

Vanda  Sanderiana. 
When  Vanda  Sanderiana  was  first  imported,  one 
heard  the  idea  expressed  now  and  again  that  it  would 
prove  itself  to  be  a  shy  bloomer,  but  really  there  was 
no  foundation  for  such  an  idea,  for  it  was  clearly  seen 
by  the  abundance  of  old  flower  stems  upon  the  im- 
ported plants,  that  they  had  flowered  very  freely  in 
their  native  homes,  and  since  we  hive  had  them  in  our 
Orchid  Houses,  such  an  idea  must  have  exploded  long 
since.  For  we  flowered  here  (\V.  Vanner,  Esq., 
Camden  Wood),  last  year,  three  small  plants  of  this 
beautiful  Vanda,  one  5  inches  hi^h  with  one  spike, 
another  6  inches,  one  floe  spike,  and  one  12  inches 
high,  with  two  very  fine  spikes,  and  they  are  showing 
the  same  floriferousness  again  this  year,  which  proves 
that  it  is  one  of  the  freest  to  flower  while  they  are 
small,  and  certainly  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of 
the  Vanda  tribe.   fK.  Robhins,  Cliiskhurst. 

Cattleya  crocata. 

Some  confusion  and  uncertainty  have  evidently 
arisen  in  the  minds  ot  the  writers  whose  c  jntributi  ins 
respecting  this  plant  have  recently  appeared  in  your 
pages.  Perhaps  the  best  way  of  clearing  away  this 
uncertainty  is  to  permit  you  to  have  an  opportunity  of 
inspecting  a  flower  of  the  original  plant.  I  send  you 
therefore  a  bloom  of  Cattleya  (labiata)  crocata,  as 
named  by  Professor  R:ichenbach  for  my  employer, 
E.  G.  Wrigley,  Esq.,  Howick  House,  Preston. 
The  label  of  the  plant  has  :  Rchb.  27— 4— S2  ; 
whether  the  date  the  bloom  was  received  by  the 
worthy  Professor,  or  the  returned  communication 
with  name  attached,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say.  How- 
ever, the  bloom  was  then  considered  worthy  of  a  dis- 
tinct name,  and  the  plant  is  now  known  as  C. 
crocata. 

In  your  number  for  June  12,  18S6,  p.  767,  Mr.  De 

B.  Crawshay  says  :^"  Cattleya  Percivallia  alba  was 
certified  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Com- 
mittee, and  was  named  afterwards  by  Professor  H. 
G.  Reichenbach  as  C.  crocata.  Holding  the  same 
opinion  as  others,  that  the  Professor,  who  does  his 
best  to  please  all,  knows  what  he  is  about,  I  fancy 
that  his  name  ought  to  stand,  and  C.  P.  alba  should 
fall  through.  I  would  be  the  list  to  cut  away  a 
proici^e     of     my    friend.       I    know    very    little     of 

C.  Percivalli  alba,  so  far  as  growing  the  plint 
is  concerned.  I  remember  a  plant  in  the  Per- 
cival  Collection  so  marked,  that  was  pointed  out 
to  me  during  the  time  the  plants  were  on  view  at 
the  nursery  grounds  of  the  Liverpool  Horticultural 
Company;  this  plant  flowered  in  February,  1SS4, 
and  was  exhibited  by  the  late  Mr.  Percival  at  South 
Kensington  shortly  afterwards  (see  the  OrchidGiowers'' 
Manual,  sixth  edition,  p.  197).  This,  I  think,  cleats 
away  the  statement  that  the  name  of  C.  P.  alba  was 
given  first,  and  C.  crocata  afterwards.  Still  it  does 
not  follow  that  either  one  or  the  other  name  should  be 
allowed  to  fall,  for  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  Mr.  D.  B. 
Crawshay  says,  the  Professor  knows  what  he  is  about, 
and  it  is  more  than  probable  that  both  names  must 
be  retained,  as  they  will  refer  to  two  distinct  varieties 


332 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  ii,  1886. 


of  plants.  Surely  the  group  of  C.  P.  alba  will  be 
similar  to  the  type  C.  Percivaliana.  The  growth  of 
C.  crocata  is  more  in  the  way  of  C.  Eldorado,  and 
since  it  flowers  when  that  species  is  in  bloom,  we 
cannot  but  think  it  is  very  closely  connected  with  it. 
To  my  mind  it  is  so  much  like  Cattleya  Wallissii, 
the  true  pure  white  form,  that  it  is  difficult  to  tell  the 
two  varieties  when  severed  from  the  plants. 

I  remember  the  late  Mr.  G.  Toll,  whose  knowledge 
of  varieties  of  Orchids  was  so  extensive  and  withal  so 
clear,  that  very  few  ventured  to  question  the  accuracy  ot 
his  opinions,  showing  me  two  plants  he  had  in  his 
nursery,  and  always  spoke  of  them  in  the  highest 
terms  of  approbation  and  delight.  I  remember,  too, 
that  when  his  plants  were  sold  some  two  years  ago  a 
good  plant  of  C.  crocata  was  knocked  down  to  Mr. 
Riley,  of  Burnley  ;  when,  however,  at  the  close  of 
the  sale  the  plants  came  to  be  delivered,  this  identical 
plant  could  not  be  found.  A  reward  for  its  recovery 
was  offered  in  the  Manchester  Guardian,  describing 
the  plant  and  number  of  the  lot ;  but  so  far  as  my 
knowledge  goes,  nothing  further  was  ever  heard  of  the 
plant.  This  plant  was  true,  had  flowered  once  or 
twice,  healthy  and  vigorous,  with  two  or  three  leading 
growths. 

In  the  number  of  June  19  (p.  799),  M.  J.  O'Brien 
says  : — Mr.  Gaskell  has  a  delicate  rose-coloured  form 
of  it  (C.  crocata?).  I  send  you  a  delicate  rose- 
coloured  form  of  C.  Eldorado,  which  I  fear  is  con- 
founded with  C.  crocata.  This  bloom  much  re- 
sembles C.  crocata  truly,  but  it  is  just  a  variety  of  C. 
Eldorado,  and  might  just  as  easily  be  termed  a  rose- 
coloured  form  of  C.  Wallisii.  In  the  Orchid  Manual 
referred  to,  on  p.  207,  I  find  the  name  of  C.  Vir- 
ginalis,  Linden  et  Andre  ;  the  description  of  this 
variety  is  so  similar  to  what  might  be  affixed  to  C. 
crocata  as  well  as  C.  Wallisii,  that  I  think  it  would 
be  extremely  difficult  to  distinguish  one  from  the 
other.  Still  I  am  not  prepared  to  say  that  they  are 
all  one  and  the  same  thing.  The  plant  from  which 
the  bloom  of  C.  crocata  was  taken  is  now  blooming 
with  several  spikes,  two  flowers  on  a  spike.  The 
flowers  are  not  so  erect  as  C.  Wallisii,  nor  are  the 
bulbs  so  stout,  and  the  leaves,  which  are  more 
rounded  at  their  tips  than  C.  Eldorado,  are  not  so 
straight  and  erect  as  that  species,  but  bent  over  more 
like  some  forms  of  C.  speciossissima. 

I  send  you  also  a  fine  form  of  C.  Gaskelliana, 
8  inches  across,  deep  in  colour,  very  broad  expanded 
lip  of  the  deep  rosy-purple,  covering  the  entire 
portion  of  the  labellum.   IV.  Swan. 


It  takes  a  longer  period  of  time  to  successfully 
develope  an  horticultural  undertaking  than  an  agri- 
cultural one  i  hence  the  necessity  for  the  occupant  to 


GARDENS.  ALLOTMENTS,  AND 
SMALL  HOLDINGS  FOR  LABOURERS. 

We  have  lately  seen  several  highly  coloured  repre  ■ 
sentations,  from  a  gardening  point  of  view,  confi* 
denlly  setting  forth  the  national  prosperity  which 
would  surely  follow  the  wholesale  establishment  of 
small  holdings  to  be  taken  up  by  agricultural 
labourers.  In  connection  with  this  subject  it  will 
be  well  to  consider  a  few  of  the  difficulties  with  which 
the  occupiers  will  have  to  contend,  and  to  ask  our- 
selves the  plain  question  whether  or  not  the  adoption 
of  small  holdings,  excepting  under  favourable  circum- 
stances, will  prove  beneficial  or  otherwise  ? 

If  the  now  strictly  agricultural  farmers  are  going  to 
turn  their  attention  to  the  production  of  vegetables  for 
market  and  still  continue  to  use  the  plough  as  a  means 
of  cultivation,  will  it  be  possible  for  men  in  small 
holdings,  with  land  under  spade  cultivation,  to  com- 
pete favourably  in  the  open  market  with  their  produce 
against  the  fast  increasing  number  of  market  garden 
farmers  growing  crops  on  a  much  larger  scale,  and 
having  the  advantages  of  improved  implements  worked 
by  horse  or  steam  power?  If  thousands  of  small 
holdings  are  going  to  be  alloted  out  will  not  their 
produce,  added  to  the  present  and  rapidly  increasing 
supply  of  home-grown  and  foreign  vegetables  and 
fruit,  quickly  exceed  the  demand  ?  I  think  the  answer 
to  this  must  be  in  the  affirmative.  At  any  rate,  it  can 
at  the  present  only  be  answered,  even  by  our  best 
informed  authorities,  theoretically.  No  one  is  pre- 
pared to  say  that  a  limited  number  of  small 
holdings,  relying  mainly  on  the  sale  of  garden  pro- 
ductions, would  not  prove  profitable  investments  in 
the  bands  of  industrious  men,  providing  the  same 
could  be  obtained  in  the  neighbourhood  of  populous 
towns,  where  the  transit  of  fruit  and  vegetables,  with- 
out much  expense  in  packing,  could  be  easily  accom- 
plished to  the  nearest  market, 


Fig.  68.— ferula  glauca  at  chelsea  (see  p.  336). 

obtain  a  long  lease  on  his  premises.  Remaining 
simply  as  a  yearly  tenant  would  not  be  an  adequate 
guarantee,  from  a  horticultural  point  of  view,  for  him 


to  lay  the  foundations  from  which  in  a  great  measure 
would  spring  his  ultimate  success.  Admitting  that 
many  would,  in  all  probability,  be  able  to  secure  a 
lease  as  a  further  inducement  for  labourers  and  others 
to  invest  their  small  capital  and  labour  in  small  hold- 
ings, are  we  to  look  upon  this  movement  as  a  sure 
cure  for  the  present  depression  ?  No  j  I  am  inclined 
to  think,  as  many  others  do,  that  only  under 
special  circumstances  will  they  be  found  to  answer 
expectations.  Let  us  now  enquire  what  the  newly- 
created  peasant  proprietor  is  going  to  grow  when  he 
becomes  securely  established  in  his  holding,  of  such 
quality  as  would  bear  favourable  comparison  with 
productions  seen  daily  in  our  central  provincial  mar- 
kets. He  would  probably  excel  in  the  growth  of 
such  kinds  of  vegetables  as  he  had  been  accustomed 
to  grow  for  home  consumption  in  his  previous  home 
cottage  garden  or  allotment.  In  the  main  these 
would  be  Broad  Beans,  Cabbage,  Carrots,  Onions, 
Peas,  Parsnips,  Potatos  and  Turnips.  The  culti- 
vation of  choicer  and  better  class  vegetables  from  a 
market  value  being  rarely  attempted.  Will  an 
extensive  cropping  of  such  give  him  when  marketed 
a  fair  return  for  the  land  on  which  they  grew  and  his 
labour  ?  From  my  experience  they  certainly  will  not, 
as  most  excellent  samples  of  all  these  kinds  of  vege- 
tables can  be  produced  under  a  system  of  deep-plough 
cultivation  by  the  larger  market  farm  gardener.  The 
latter,  when  he  further  turns  his  attention  to  this 
recent  help  to  pay  rent  more  extensively,  would 
have  many  advantages  over  the  man  in  a  small 
holding,  even  if  he  succeeded  in  making  two  blades 
of  grass  grow  where  only  one  formerly  grew. 

What  measure  of  success  he  would  meet  with  fol- 
lowing the  occupation  of  a  small  farmer  I  am  not  in  a 
position  to  say,  but  the  present  state  of  agriculture 
may  be  taken  as  a  criterion  as  to  this.  If  the  labourers 
had  only  a  superficial  knowledge  of  gardening,  which 
would  certainly  be  the  case,  many  would  ultimately 
learn  more  by  a  succession  of  bunglings,  therefore 
the  undertaking  at  the  commencement  would  be 
more  speculative  than  useful.  But  how  many  would 
be  able  to  withstand  this  temporary  state  of  afl^airs 
without  running  themselves  seriously  into  debt  in 
providing  themselves  and  family  with  the  other  neces- 
sities of  life.  I  am  now  alluding  to  men  who  would 
probably  give  up  going  out  to  work  for  a  daily  wage, 
and  undertake  small  holdings  with  the  scanty 
knowledge  gained  from  observation  and  experience 
simply  in  their  cottage  gardens.  The  supporters  of 
this  movement  will  naturally  expect  (and  so  will 
employers  of  labour)  that  a  man  when  in  possession 
of  a  small  holding  would  be  quite  independent  of 
him  finding  sufficient  work  (no  doubt  exists  about 
this)  and  profit  in  connection  with  bis  holding  for 
the  support  of  himself  and  family.  If  it  were  other- 
wise he  would  have  done  better  to  remain  as  before 

a  day  labourer,  as  his  interest  and  the  interests  of  a 
labour  master  would  be  distinctly  antagonistic. 
When  the  latter  required  his  (the  labourer's)  services 
it  would  often  happen  that  he  had  work  at  home,  or 
vice  versd.  The  end  of  this  would  be  that  when 
he  had  not  employment  at  home  he  would  have  to 
tramp  the  country  in  search  of  it.  If  small  holdings 
cannot  become  remunerative  from  an  agricultural 
point  of  view  I  think  it  is  equally  certain  that  they 
will  not,  from  an  horticultural  standpoint,  unless  they 
are  in  the  hands  of  men  who  have  moved  about  the 
country  a  bit,  and  have  become  conversant  at  least 
with  the  rudiments  of  market  garden  work,  and  men 
who  possess  some  knowledge  and  forecast  to  enable 
them  to  realise  the  best  prices,  according  to  season, 
for  what  they  grow.  I  think  it  is  apparent  that  if 
success  is  to  attend  this  great  movement  too  much 
reliance  should  not  be  placed  on  the  gardening  part 
of  the  undertaking. 

Should  many  of  these  forthcoming  small  holdings 
result  in  failures — let  us  hope  they  will  not — the  aspira- 
tions of  many  labourers  will  have  been  gratified  so  far 
as  a  trial  goes.  By  their  failures  they  will  have  learnt 
what  the  difiiculties  of  others  must  be  who  are  en- 
gaged in  similar  occupations  only  on  a  much  larger  scale. 
They  will  then  return  to  their  old  employment  as  day 
labourers  again  free  from  the  many  anxieties  which 
attended  them  when  thrown  entirely  on  their  own 
skill  and  resources  and  when  they  have  found  out  by 
experience  that  there  is  something  more  than  manual 
labour  required  to  successfully  manage  and  make  the 
land  pay. 

It  is  much  easier  for  a  man  to  learn  the  manage- 
ment of  a  small  stock  of  animals,  and  a  little  land  for 
their  maintenance,  than  for  bim  to  become  suddenly  a 


SlfTEMBER    II,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


333 


qualified  market  gardener,  able  to  produce  such 
samples  as  would  meet  with  a  ready  sale  in  these  days 
of  keen  competition. 

By  contributing  these  few  remarks,  I  do  not  wish 
to  be  understood  as  in  any  way  underrating  the  great 
national  importance  of  establishing  as  many  permanent 
tillers  on  the  land  as  it  is  capable  of  supporting.  But 
when  such  a  great  movement  as  this  is  contemplated, 
and  is  now  pending  in  the  balance,  for  better  or  for 
worse,  it  is  interesting  before  its  final  solution,  to 
discuss  the  subject  in  all  its  bearings.  One  ii.'ho 
Markets, 


BRITISH   ASSOCIATION. 

Professor  Bower  opened   the  business  in  the 
Biological    section    on    Tuesday    last    with    three 


would  deny  the  theory  that  the  ants  benefited  by  the 
relationship,  though  the  converse  proposition  was 
not  so  clear.  In  some  cases  the  ants  were 
known  to  protect  the  plants  by  driving  off  other  in- 
sects, and  Eeccari  pointed  out  that  the  plants  derived 
nutriment  from  the  excreta  of  the  ants  ;  but  that  was 
a  view  open  to  considerable  discussion.  The  conclu- 
sion he  (the  writer)  had  come  to  was,  that  the  ants 
alone  were  benefited  by  the  connection.  Not  only 
were  they  by  this  means  provided  with  a  capital 
lodging,  but  it  might  fairly  be  assumed  that  they 
derived  food  from  the  plants. — In  the  course  of  a 
short  discussion,  Dr.  Trimen  said  that  the  ants 
took  advantage  of  the  hollowness  of  the  plants,  but  he 
did  not  think  the  latter  derived  any  benefit  from  their 
presence. — The  other  papers  contributed  by  the  Pro- 


period.  The  cause  was  that  there  was  no  safe  appa- 
rent guide  as  to  the  exact  ripeness  of  the  leaf.  The 
colour  of  the  leaf  failed  to  a^ord  that  information,  and 
the  fall  of  the  leaf  was  no  guide.  His  method  of  ex- 
periment had  been  to  tie  the  leaves  to  the  twigs,  so 
that  when  the  former  gave  way  they  were  suspended 
by  the  twine.  If  the  fall  occurred  during  (rost  or 
windy  nights  the  leaves  were  discarded,  only  those 
being  selected  that  apparently  fell  in  perfect  maturity 
on  a  comparatively  still  and  not  frosty  night.  The 
subject  had  been  approached  from  two  points  of  view 
— the  mechanism  of  leaf-falling  and  the  transfer 
of  the  cell  contents  from  the  leaf  to  the  stem, 
the  former  dealing  with  the  power  of  the  leaf  Itself 
and  the  latter  with  the  amount  of  loss  that  took 
place  to  the  plant  itself  by  the  fall  of  leaves  over  and 


Fig.  69.— the  statue  of  sir  hans  sloane,  chelsea.     (see  p.  336  ) 


papers.  The  first  related  to  the  plants  which 
furnish  a  residence  for  ants.  The  peculiar  rela- 
tion between  plants  and  ants,  he  observed,  had 
been  the  subject  of  considerable  observation  from 
time  immemorial.  The  literature  on  the  subject  could 
be  traced  as  far  back  as  1750,  and  Captain  Cook,  in 
describing  his  voyage,  distinctly  alluded  to  the 
matter. 

In  one  place  he  pointed  out  that  on  a  tree 
be  saw  a  number  of  black  ants,  which  perforated  the 
twigs,  and,  after  eating  out  the  pith,  formed  a  lodging 
in  the  cavity,  and  yet  the  tree  continued  in  a  Sourish- 
ing  condition.  In  tropical  climates  there  were  many 
plants  pre-eminently  associated  with  ants.  The 
Italian  botanist,  Beccari,  contended  that  the  relation- 
ship was  advantageous  alike  to  the  plants  and  the 
ants.  The  former  afforded  shelter  for  the  latter,  and 
in  some   cases  supplied  them  with   food.     No  one 


fessor  were  on  ' '  Positive  Geotropic  Shoots  in  Cordy- 
line,''  and  on  "  Apospoiy  in  Polystichum  angulare." 

Potato  Disease. 
Professor  Marshall  Ward,  in  a  contribution  on 
"  The  Germination  of  the  Spores  o(  Phytophthora  in- 
festans,"  explained  the  method  by  which  these  spores 
grew  so  rapidly,  and  how  it  was  that  when  the  disease 
appeared  among  Potatos  it  was  apt  to  spread  very 
quickly  throughout  the  crops  of  the  country. 

The  Fall  of  the  Leaf,  etc. 
Professor  Hillhouse,  in  a  paper  entitled  "  Prelimi- 
nary Note  on  the  Falling  of  Leaves,"  said  he  had  taken 
observations  on  this  subject  every  autumn  since  1882, 
and  hoped  in  the  course  of  twelve  months  to  complete 
them.  At  first  sight  it  might  seem  peculiar  that  a 
question  of  that  kind  should  be  spread  over  so  long  a 


above  the  actual  skeleton,  so  to  speak,  of  the  leaves 
themselves.  He  found  that  the  leaf  fell  from  the 
increased  turgidity  of  the  cells,  which  became  strongly 
rounded,  greatly  diminishing  their  adhesiveness.  The 
turgidity  appeared  to  arise  from  the  root-absorption 
of  water  continuing  at  a  greater  pace  than  the 
leaves  could  pass  the  water  off,  so  that  the  accumula- 
tion of  water  caused  an  expansion  of  the  tissue,  con- 
sequently the  cells  became  rounded,  and  disconnected. 
Tannin  and  starch  were  especially  abundant  in  the 
layer  at  the  base  of  the  leaf-stalk,  but  in  naturally 
fallen  leaves  starch  was  rarely  found,  except  at 
the  very  base  of  the  stalks,  and  then  in  small 
grains.  Professor  Hillhouse  afterwards  described  an 
apparatus  for  determining  the  rate  of  transpiration  in 
plants.  He  observed  that  no  apparatus  having  been 
devised  for  the  purpose  above  named,  he  had  experi- 
mented with  an  apparatus  of  his  own  construction. 


334 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  ii,  1886. 


Professor  Tlillhouse  showed  the  workings  of  the  appa- 
latus,  and  the  minute  records  made  of  the  transpira- 
tion of  plants. 

Germs. 
Dr.  Percy  Frankland  contributed  a  paper  on  "The 
Distribution  of  Micro-organisms  in  the  Air  of  Town, 
Country,  and  Buildings."  It  contained  the  results  of 
a  number  of  experiments  which  the  author  had  made 
on  the  relative  abundance  of  micro-organisms  in  the 
air  of  dilTerenl  places,  and  of  the  same  place  at  dif- 
ferent limes.  In  these  experiments  the  number  of 
microbes  contained  in  a  given  volume  of  air  had  been 
supplemented  by  the  determination  of  the  number 
falling  upon  a  unit  of  horizontal  surface  {1  square  foot) 
in  a  unit  of  time  (one  minute).  The  air  on  the  roof 
of  the  Science  Schools  at  South  Kensington  was  very 
considerably  richer  in  micro-organisms  than  that 
collected  in  the  London  parks,  and  this  again  than 
that  of  the  country.  The  gradual  attenuation  of  the 
microbes  in  ascending  St.  Paul's  and  the  spire  of 
Norwich  Cathedral  was  also  very  striking.  The 
figures  obtained  in  museums,  railway  carriages,  and 
hospitals  for  consumptio.n  showed  how  in  confined 
spaces  the  number  of  micro-organisms  present  in  the 
air  was  influenced  by  the  number  of  persons  moving 
about. 

Conformation  of  Cypripedium. 
Dr.  Masters  sent  a  note  on  the  "  Floral  Symmetry 
of  the  Genus  Cypripedium."  In  this  note  the  author 
adverted  to  so  much  of  the  normal  struc.ure  of 
Orchids  in  general,  and  of  Cypripediums  in  parti- 
cular, as  waj  necessary  for  the  elucidation  of  h's 
subject,  and  proceeded  to  describe  a  case  of  regular 
peloria  in  Selenipedium  caudatum,  which  showed  a 
reversion  to  the  typical  form  of  Orchids,  and  went  to 
prove  that  the  so-called  genus  Uropedium  was  only  a 
pelorian  form  of  Cypripedium.  The  construction  of 
theandrrecium  in  these  plants  was  then  alluded  to,  and 
illustrations  given  of  the  presence  of  from  one  stamen 
only  to  that  of  six  stamens  in  two  rows,  of  all  inter- 
mediate stages,  that  is,  from  monandry  to  hexandry. 
The  frequently  observed  tendencies  to  a  dimerous 
condition,  and  to  the  development  of  the  inner  row  of 
stamen%  were  also  alluded  to,  and  the  significance 
of  these  changes  pointed  out.  The  morphological 
changes  consequent  upon  hybridisation,  and  the 
inferences  to  be  derived  from  them,  were  passed 
under  review,  and  the  paper  concluded  with  a  general 
summary  of  the  teratological  changes  observed  in 
the  tribe  Cypripedieos. 

Seedling  Ferns, 
Mr.  J.  Morley  contributed  a  note  on  the  cultiva- 
tion  of  Fern  Prolhallia  for  laboratory  purposes.  He 
remarked  that  amongst  British  Ferns  the  spores  most 
easy  to  germinate  are  those  of  Osmunda  regalis  and 
Listrea  filixmas.  Rather  less  ea^y  are  those  of 
various  species  of  Polystichum  and  Athyrium.  To 
collect  the  spores,  lay  the  frond,  when  the  sporangia 
are  dark  brown,  between  sheets  of  ung'azed  paper, 
and  keep  dry  till  wanted.  The  spores  would  fall  into 
the  paper,  and  when  wanted  tip  off  all  that  were 
loose.  The  spores  could  be  grown  on  pieces  of  sand- 
stone, slate,  peat,  &:.,  but  whatever  the  growing 
medium  it  should  be  previously  sterilised  by  pouring 
over  boiling  water. 


The  house  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  at  Rangemore 
is  again  this  season  a  grand  sight,  the  bunches  and 
berries  are  everything  that  could  be  desired.  //.  %,  C, 
High'^atc. 


fcpta'    llcuji^r?. 


CARN'ATION  SOUVENIR  DE  LA  MALMATSOX 
AT  RANGEMORE. 
Several  of  your  readers  will  remember  Ihe  fine 
display  of  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  Carnation  lia*. 
Mr.  Jennings,  o{  Ascot,  Leighton  Buzzard,  made  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural  show  at  Liverpool  a  lew  weeks 
ago.  During  the  past  two  months,  those  who  have 
visited  Lord  Burton's,  Rangemore,  Eurton-on-Trent, 
have  seen  a  most  striking  display  of  the  same  Car- 
nation. Mr.  Bennett  had  arranged  the  middle 
staging  of  a  span-roofed  house  entirely  of  Souvenir  dc 
la  Malmaison,  between  400  and  500  plants,  averaging 
from  five  to  ten  blooms  on  each  plant.  In  the  centre 
of  the  stage  he  had  some  noble  flowered  plants  of  the 
red  variety,  known  by  many  under  the  name  of 
Madame  Blechroder.  Those  who  grow  Carnations 
should  not  fail  to  obtain  the  red  variety,  it  is  a  very 
pleasing  contrast  to  the  pink. 


;pOLONIAL      j^OTES. 

THE  FALKLAND  ISLICS. 
There  is  certainly  a  remarkable  contrast  between 
this  place  and  Seychelles  in  the  way  of  vegetation. 
There  the  most  redundant  tropical  growth,  here  all 
as  bare  as  your  hand.  It  is  about  this  very  bareness 
that  I  am  going  to  trouble  you.  I  am  very  anxious 
to  try  and  grow  some  hardy  bushes  and  shrubs  here  ; 
and  in  sheltered  spots  they  will  grow  I  know,  to  a 
certain  height,  though  I  doubt  if  one  could  expect 
anything  above  12  or  15  feet  at  most.  Still  this 
would  be  something  better  than  "  diddle  dee  "  and 
Bilsara  Bog.  Could  you  advise  me  what  to  try,  and 
perhaps  send  me  a  few  seeds  or  roots,  with  directions 
as  to  the  best  way  of  managing  them.  I  have  a  good 
gardener  here  who  was  at  Paul's  Nursery  Gardens, 
and  will  take  pains  with  plants.  The  soil,  as  of 
course  you  know,  is  chiefly  peat,  and  the  winds  are 
high  and  cold.  The  latter,  I  suppose,  would  always 
prevent  jtrees  of  any  size  growing.  Birt  it  is  won- 
derful what  can  be  done  here  in  sheltered  spots,  and 
the  flowers  do  capitally.  I  have  never  seen 
such  Pansies,  Pinks,  Picotees,  &c.,  as  are  grown 
here.  Fruit  seems  to  degenerate  —  Strawberries, 
Raspberries,  and  Currants,  all  get  small  by  degrees 
and  beautifully  less,  year  by  year.  So  far  as  I  have 
yet  seen,  the  climate  has  been  too  much  abused, 
chiefly  by  people  who,  like  Sir  Wyville  Thompson, 
happened  to  come  here  during  bad  weather.  It  is 
now  over  three  months  since  my  arrival,  and  I  find 
from  my  journal  that  more  than  half  the  days  have 
been  fine  and  calm,  and  when  it  is  fine  it  is  lovely — 
like  spring  weather  at  home.  To  be  sure  it  does 
blow  "whiles,"  and  snow,  too;  and,  unluckily, 
visitors  generally  arrive  when  it  is  doing  one  or  the 
o'.her,  or  both,  and  at  its  best  it  looks  a  little  hire 
and  dreary,  but  would  be  vastly  improved  if  a  few  nice 
evergreen  bushes  and  shrubs  could  be  induced  to 
grow  here  and  there  in  sheltered  places.  About  the 
town  I  do  not  see  why  Laurels,  Hollies,  Sc,  should 
not  do,  but  I  should  be  very  glad  of  your  advice  and 
assistance  to  think  of  me.  Extract  from  letter  from  Hon. 
A.  C.  Barkky,  late  Commissioner  at  the  Seychelles^ 
tio'v  Acting  Govertior  of  ihe  Falkland  Islands,  to  Mr. 
ly.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer,  F.R.S..  C.M.G.,  Director, 
Royal  Gardens,  Kr.o.  [We  should  be  glad  of 
suggestions.  In  the  meantime  the  system  of  pro- 
curing shelter  in  the  first  instance,  and  then  of 
growing  plants  which  will  withstand  sea  breezes  and 
a  cold  temperature  might  be  tried.  Tam»ri,k,  Tus- 
sock-grass, Gorse,  Austrian  and  Corsicin  Pines, 
Griselinia,  Ilippophae,  Escallonias,  and  hosts  of 
hardy  shiubs  would  probably  thrive,  once  shelter  were 
obtained.   Ed.] 


VIOLETS. 
In  late  localities,  which  ace  liable  to  early  frosts, 
no  time  should  be  lost  in  having  winter  Violets  trans- 
ferred to  their  blooming  quarters  ;  in  more  favoured 
localities  this  may  be  deferred  for  some  little  time. 
The  most  suitable  place  to  bloom  Violets  successfully 
is  one  with  a  south  or  south-west  exposure,  where 
every  ray  of  the  sun  can  strike  the  frames.  I  am  not 
an  advocate  of  using  fermenting  material  underneath 
the  plants  ;  this  has  a  tendency  to  weaken  the  plants, 
and  small  blooms  are  the  result.  There  is  also  a 
large  amount  of  moisture  to  contend  with  in  the 
frames,■^and  damp  is  the  worst  enemy  that  attacks 
the  Violet  in  winter.  My  practice  is  to  fill  up  the 
frame  to  within  9  or  10  inches  of  the  top  with  spent 
leaves  from  old  hotbeds  ;  this  secures  ample  drainage 
for  the  plants,  and  there  is  not  sufficient  heat  to 
injure  them.  This  is  trodden  down  as  hard  as  pos- 
sible, to  prevent  subsidence.  The  plants  are  lifted 
with  as  large  balls  as  possible,  9  to  lo  inches  in 
diameter ;  the  balls  are  stood  on  the  leafy  bottom. 


and  the  spaces  between  the  balls  are  firmly  packed 
with  fine  compost  of  a  light  nature.  As  soon  as  the 
pits  are  filled  they  receive  a  good  soaking  of  clear 
water,  and  the  sashes  are  kept  off  until  frosts  set  in, 
or  heavy  falls  of  rain  take  place.  A  good  surfacing 
of  Cocoa-nut  refuse  helps  to  ward  off  damp,  and 
also  serves  to  keep  the  rain  from  washing  the  soil 
up  on  Ihe  flowers  and  foliage  of  the  plants. 

Bulbs. 
In  order  to  secure  the  pick  of  bulbs  for  planting 
the  flower-beds  next  month,  no  time  should  now  be 
lost.  It  is  false  economy  to  spend  money  on  cheap 
articles  of  this  sort,  as  much  disappointment  will  be 
the  result.  See  that  the  bulbs  are  firm  and  well 
matured  about  the  crown  ;  if  they  feel  soft  they  will 
not  give  satisfactory  results. 

Alpines. 

M.any  of  Ihe  more  delicate  alpine  plants  in  pots 
should  now  be  placed  under  protection  in  such 
strucluies  as  it  is  intended  to  winter  them  in. 
With  regard  to  these  plants,  especially  those 
which  are  natives  of  barren  or  rocky  situations,  the 
coverings  should  not  be  placed  over  them  unless  to 
shield  them  from  excess  of  wet ;  if  they  receive  too 
much  cooling  they  will  become  weak  and  less  able  to 
withstand  the  dull  months  of  winter.  Where  any 
are  observed  to  be  too  wet  they  m»y  be  turned  over 
on  their  sides  for  a  time  to  drain.  Wherever  water- 
ing is  necessary  worms  are  not  long  in  making  their 
way  towards  it.  The  pots  should  be  frequently 
watered  with  lime-water,  and  occasionally  the  occu- 
pants should  be  turned  out  lo  see  that  the  diaioage 
is  all  right. 

Herbaceous  Plants,  &c. 

Continue  transplanting  hardy  perennial  and  heiba-, 
ceous  plants  which  have  been  raised  from  seed  and 
cuttings.  Any  of  the  latter  which  have  not  attained 
sufficient  size  and  strength  may  be  left  till  spring, 
otherwise  they  may  perish  during  the  winter,  should 
the  autumn  not  prove  favourable  for  their  establishing 
themselves  in  the  beds  or  borders.  Continue  putting 
in  cuttings  of  Pentstemons,  Phloxes,  or  any  other  thing 
of  which  it  is  desirable  to  increase  the  stock.  Pansy 
cuttings  may  be  put  in,  in  quantity  for  early  blooming 
in  pots.  Such  as  are  rooted  may  be  planted  oulin  good 
light  soil.  Avoid  the  use  of  strong  rank  manure  at  this 
season  of  the  year.    W.  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo. 


JhE    'pRCHlD     J40U3E3. 

CATTLEYA   GIGAS. 

This  Orchid  with  its  many  varieties  or  synonyms 
has  been  written  about  often  and  directions  given 
how  to  induce  it  to  flow.-r.  I  think  most  people 
advise  hanging  it  near  the  roof  glass,  but  this  is  ro". 
always  practicable  if  you  have  many  plants  and  they 
happen  to  be  in  large  heavy  pots.  That  being  the  case, 
the  system  adopted  here  will  be  found  moreconvenien'. 
Our  idea  is  that  if  C.  gigas  can  be  kept  from  starting 
very  early  in  spring  it  will  only  make  one  growth 
in  a  season  ;  this  will  keep  it  strong,  therefore  more 
likely  to  continue  flowering.  When  it  commences  to 
grow  give  it  all  the  sunlight  possible  and  little  fire- 
heat,  the  early  morning  temperature  during  the  month 
of  March  is  often  down  to  50°.  To  follow  out  this  plan 
the  plants  are  placed  on  a  stage  in  a  small  division  at 
the  south  end  of  the  Cattleya  house,  the  boilers  being 
at  the  north  end,  the  shading  is  made  to  roll  on  the 
roof  and  the  end  of  the  house  is  left  unshaded. 

Plants  of  C,  gigas  have  been  grown  in  suspended 
baskets  ;  these  flowered  very  well,  but  began  to  grow 
weak  after  two  or  three  years.  A  very  good  lime  to 
pot  this  Cattleya  is  just  as  the  new  growth  begins  to 
throw  out  fresh  roots  ;  this  it  commences  to  do  a 
week  of  two  after  the  flower  ii  past.  The  pot  can  be 
placed  in  a  larger  one  if  it  is  not  necessary  to  turn  the 
plant  out  to  put  it  in  better  form.  A  thin  shading 
might  be  used  for  those  pUnts  that  have  been  turned 
out  of  their  pots.  Very  little  water  is  necessary  after 
the  bulbs  have  done  growing. 

The  fine  summer  weather  that  we  havi  been 
having  will  greatly  assist  all  Orchids  in  making  firm 
growth  providing  they  get  suthcientair.  D)  plenty  of 
damping  down  through  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  less 
in  the  evening  when  the  houses  are  closed.  We  may 
expect  sudden  falls  of  temperature  during  the  present 
month,  and  this  often  happens  when  there  is  very 
little   fire-heat,   and   if  the  East  Indian  houses  are 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


335 


heavily  charged  with  moisture  while  the  temperature 
is  low  sport  in  the  leaves  often  follows.  Begin  to 
ventilate  warm  houses  that  were  closed  over  night  by 
six  A.M.,  if  the  weather  is  mild  and  the  temperature 
in  the  house  rising.   C.  Woolford,  Dmmside. 


"PjLAJ<(T3  and  their  f  Ul^TUF^E. 


CAMELLIAS. 
Now  that  the  growths  of  these  are  being  hardened 
and  the  flower-buds  formed  and  showing  themselves 
prominently,  there  is  little  feat  of  the  plants  getting 
excited  into  growth.  Should  any  of  the  plants  in 
pols  show  signs  of  weakness  this  is  the  best  lime  to 
shilt  them  ;  but  never  shift  unless  it  is  required,  as 
by  giving  a  shift  of  a  clear  inch  all  round  the  ball, 
using  good  tough  fibrous  peat  and  a  third  of  fibrous 
loam,  plenty  of  sand,  and  a  sprinkling  of  small  bones, 
it  will  last  a  long  time.  If  this  be  done  ihe  com- 
post should  be  rammed  in  firmly,  but  do  not  carry 
this  to  the  extreme,  as  when  potting  Ericas,  &c. 

Bulbs. 

Gladiolus  The  Bride  should  be  grown  in  quantity, 
as  there  is  nothing  more  graceful  than  this,  especially 
where  large  quantities  are  required  during  the  London 
season  for  furnishing  and  decorative  purposes  ;  the 
spotted  varieties  of  the  early  sorts  stand  pre-eminent, 
of  which  delicalissima,  Mary  Anderson,  Rosy  Gem, 
and  Princess  Beatrice,  are  special  favourites.  Allium 
neapolitanum  does  well  in  pots,  and  will  be  found 
useful  for  bouquets,  &c.  Freesia  refracta  alba  is 
another  beautiful  thing  for  cutting. 

A  batch  of  Sparaxias,  L\ias,  and  Tritonias  should 
now  be  potted  up  with  a  second  batch  of  Roman 
Hyacinths ;  and  as  soon  as  the  Belladonna  and 
Guernsey  Lilies  can  be  obtained  they  should  be 
potted  in  good  rich  soil,  slightly  watered,  and  placed 
in  a  warm  pit.  The  general  bulb  order  should  be 
made  up  at  once,  if  not  already  done.  The  earliest 
varieties  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and  Narcissus  should 
be  potted  up  first,  and  then  a  second  potting  should 
be  made  ;  in  this  way  the  blooming  season  is  much 
prolonged.  Hyacinths  of  the  single  varieties  will  be 
found  much  more  useful  than  the  double.  The  follow- 
ing varieties  I  have  found  to  force  well  : — Princess 
Beatrice,  Mont  Blanc,  Royal  Bride,  White  Perfection, 
Grand  Vidette,  La  Grandeur,  General  Pelissier, 
Homerus,  L'Ami  du  Cceur,  Fabioli,  Queen  of 
Hyacinths,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  Solfaterre.  Of 
Tulips,  the  Due  Van  ThoUs  will  be  found  very  useful 
for  early  work.  Polyanthus  Narcissi  are  fine  deco- 
rative plants,  particularly  suitable  for  pot  culture  ; 
these,  with  their  large  trusses  of  sweet-scented  flowers, 
the  double  Roman  Hyacinth,  and  the  paper-white 
Narciss  come  in  very  early.  All  these  should  have 
attention,  and  if  they  show  the  least  signs  of  being 
exhausted  remove  as  much  of  the  soil  as  possible 
without  breaking  or  disturbing  the  roots  to  any 
serious  extent,  replacing  it  with  the  compost  given  for 
Camellias.  See  that  the  borders  and  pot  plants  arc 
thoroughly  soaked  through  the  ball,  before  operations 
commence.  Plants  which  are  outside,  if  at  all 
exposed,  should  be  securely  staked  ;  generally  about 
this  time  of  year  we  get  some  strong  west  and  south- 
west gales,  often  breaking  the  plants  by  blowing  them 
down.   A.  EvanSj  Lythe  HilL 


J-IARDY    "pRUIT    -GJARDEIM. 


PLANTING  FRUIT  TREES. 
Those  who  intend  planting  this  autumn  must  now 
commence  the  preparation  of  the  soil.  The  present 
time  and  the  early  part  of  next  month  are  the  best 
periods  in  which  to  get  the  ground  trenched  in  readi- 
ness for  planting  in  October.  Taking  into  con- 
sideration the  number  of  years  that  most  fruit  trees 
remain  on  the  same  site  in  our  gardens,  after  being 
planted,  it  will  only  be  opportune  at  this  season  to 
point  out  the  great  importance  of  planting  at  the 
right  time,  in  the  right  soil,  and  in  suitable  positions. 
Before  purchasing  the  trees,  the  soil  should  be  in 
readiness  to  receive  them,  and  if  this  work  cannot  be 
carried  out  in  time  to  get  them  planted  by  the  end  of 
October,  well,  don't  plant  until  the  early  spring 
months.    The  importance  of  planting  just  before  toot- 


action  is  at  a  standstill,  or  just  as  it  commences  m 
the  spring,  is  now  so  well  recognised  that  but  few 
trees  are  plunged  into  the  cold  soil  during  winter. 

The  nature  of  the  growth  made  by  fruit  trees 
growing  in  similar  soil,  in  proximity  to  where  the 
planter  anticipates  planting  fresh  ones,  should  form  a 
guide  as  to  the  treatment  of  the  soil  before  planting, 
viz.,  whether  fresh  soil  should  be  added  to  that 
already  present,  or  whether  only  a  thorough  working 
of  the  latter  is  necessary.  It  is  folly  to  plant,  for 
planting  sake,  unless  one  can  feel  assured  that  every- 
thing has  been  done  to  ensure  success,  by  adding 
opening  material  if  the  soil  is  of  a  too  adhesive 
nature,  or  by  applying  some  heavy  soil  if  the  ground 
to  be  planted  should  be  of  a  poor  sandy  character, 
and,  above  all,  to  have  a  suflicient  depth  of 
each  for  the  toots  to  ramble  in,  resting  on 
perfect  drainage,  natural  or  artificial.  These  ara 
the  most  important  points  to  be  studied  to  ensure  the 
formation  of  healthy  roots  of  the  right  sort.  When 
planting  in  old  garden  soil  highly  charged  with 
humus,  the  best  thing  to  add  to  it  is  some  fresh 
loamy  material,  or  the  best  that  can  be  obtained  in 
the  locality,  juit  to  infuse  a  little  of  the  exhausted 
virgin  qualities  into  the  old  soil  again.  This  is  far 
better  than  the  application  of  manure  of  any  descrip- 
tion. The  siflings  from  rubbish  h;aps,  after  being 
charred,  may  be  mixed  with  stiff"  maiden  soil  with 
great  advantage.  There  are  varieties  of  Apples  and 
Pea'S  (and  the  same  remarks  apply  to  other  hardy 
fruits)  that  succeed  much  better  in  some  districts  than 
others  ;  therefore  the  safest  guide,  as  to  the  selection 
of  varieties,  is  to  choose  from  those  which  appear  to 
afford  the  best  crops  in  the  neighbourhood.  But  the 
planter  should  not  be  deterred  from  obtaining  other 
varieties,  planting  them  sparingly  until  their  adapta- 
bility has  been  proved.  5.  H.  Richards,  Somerley, 
Ringwood. 


"pF^UIT?     •yNDEF}     •Q1.A33. 

PEACHES. 
As  soon  as  the  crop  has  been  taken  from  the  trees 
clear  out  the  houses  of  nets,  &c.,  and  give  the  borders 
a  thorough  watering,  and  the  foliage  a  good  syringing 
with  clean  water  every  afternoon  during  bright  sunny 
weather,  so  as  to  dislodge  any  red-spider  that  may  be 
present,  by  that  means  retaining  the  foliage  till  it  has 
performed  its  proper  functions. 

Early  Houses. 
Trees  which  ripened  their  crops  early  In  May  will 
ere  this  have  shed  their  leaves,  therefore  the  thin- 
ning and  shortening  of  the  shoots  should  be  pro- 
ceeded with  at  once.  I  need  scarcely  say  that 
as  much  of  the  old  wood  as  can  be  dispensed 
with  should  be  cut  out,  as  well  as  superfluous  young 
shoots,  and  some  of  those  left  should  be  shortened 
back  to  a  wood-bud  where  necessary,  to  secure 
balance  of  growth.  This  object  should  never  be 
lost  sight  of  in  pruning  any  tree.  The  shoots  should 
be  thinned  out  to  6  inches  apart,  and  if  necessary  be 
washed  with  a  weak  solution  of  soft  soapy  water, 
using  a  brush  sufficiently  stiff  to  remove  any  scak 
that  may  be  on  them,  taking  care  in  doing  so  not  to 
injure  the  buds.  Then,  having  previously  thoroughly 
cleansed  the  house,  train  the  shoots  to  the  trellis  at 
the  distance  indicated  above,  and  at  the  same  angle 
on  either  side  the  centre  of  the  tree.  This  done, 
remove  the  loose  surface  soil  from  the  borders,  re- 
placing it  with  a  mixture  of  good  turfy  loam  and  one- 
fourth  part  of  old  lime  rubble  and  wood  ashes, 
following  this  with  a  mulching  of  horse-droppings 
to  the  thickness  of  two  or  three  inches,  and  a  good 
watering  of  the  border  with  clean  water.  Leave  the 
house  open  day  and  night  until  the  time  arrives  for 
starting  the  trees.  In  thinning  the  shoots  those  of 
medium  size,  well-ripened,  studded  with  buds,  should 
be  retained  in  preference  to  others  of  stronger  growth. 

Late  Houses. 
Trees  that  have  shown  signs  of  distress  in  swelling 
their  crops  should  have  their  roots  seen  to  as  soon  as 
the  fruit  has  been  gathered.  Open  a  trench  about 
2  feet  wide  also  the  same  depth  at  3  feet  from  the 
base  of  the  trees  operated  on,  afterwards  working  the 
soil  away  with  a  four-tined  fork  from  underneath 
the  trees  until  plenty  of  roots  are  reached.  These 
should  be  shortened  back  and  the  space  refilled  with 
a  mixture  similar  to   that  advised  for  top-dressing, 


and  the  trees  should  be  shaded  from  bright  sunshine 
for  a  week  or  ten  days  afterwards,  and  be  syringed 
overhead  in  the  afternoon  with  a  view  to  retaining 
the  leaves  on  the  trees  until  the  roots  have  pushed 
into  the  new  soil,  and  so  re-established  themselves 
before  shedding  their  leaves.  In  the  case  of  worn- 
out  trees  they  should  be  removed  forthwith,  and  be 
replaced  by  young  ones  from  the  walls  in  the  open, 
and  afterwards  be  treated  as  recommended  above. 
H.   IV.  IVard,  Lons^ford  Castle. 


ARREARS  OF  WORK. 
The  present  time  being  one  when  there  is  gene- 
rally less  stress  of  work  than  at  any  other  period 
during  the  year,  a  little  time  and  attention  should  be 
afforded  to  any  details  that  may  have  been  allowed 
through  over-pressure  of  more  important  matters  or 
other  causes  to  have  fallen  into  arrears,  and  to  endea- 
vour, as  far  as  possible,  to  rectify  and  make  good  any 
deficiency  where  pracliol,  both  as  regards  the  various 
crops  and  requirements,  and  also  in  the  thorough 
overhauling  and  clearing  up  of  waste  places,  garden- 
refuse,  out-of-the-way  corners,  or  any  other  sources 
of  rubbish  which  have  been  allowed  from  one  cause  or 
another  to  accumulate  ;  these  should  be  collected 
together,  a  Ere  made,  the  basis  being  formed  of  some 
good  logs  of  wood,  and  the  whole  thoroughly  burnt 
over,  and  afterwards  well  mixed  together,  a  portion 
being  screened  whilst  dry,  and  stored  in  reserve  for 
dusting  purposes.  By  thoroughly  burning  up  all 
refuse  all  seeds  and  roots  of  weeds  that  may  have 
found  their  way  to  the  rubbish-heap  are  effectually 
destroyed,  and  the  residue  becomes  a  valuable  ingre- 
dient in  the  preparation  and  amelioration  of  heavy 
soils,  and  also  as  a  top-dressing,  alone,  or  incorporated 
with  some  artificial  manure  ;  care  should  therefore  be 
taken  to  accumulate  for  that  purpose  all  the  burnt 
refuse  and  wood  ashes,  &c.,  that  are  obtainable. 

Seeds  and  Crops. 

The  results  of  the  present  season  should  be  noted, 
as  regards  the  quality  of  the  seeds  sown,  and  also 
with  reference  to  the  individual  merits  of  the  different 
varieties  grown,  and  their  adaptability  to  the  soil  and 
locality,  in  order  that  corrections  and  suitable  selec- 
tions may  be  made  for  another  season.  Amongst 
Peas,  in  pirticuUr,  there  is  a  wide  difference  of 
opinion  as  to  their  respective  merits  and  demerits, 
which  is  probably  more  to  be  accounted  for  by  cli- 
matic influences  than  by  any  real  defects  or  objections 
in  the  individual  varieties,  the  appearance,  crop,  and 
also  the  flavour,  depending  in  a  great  measure  on  the 
health,  vigour,  and  free  doing  of  the  plants,  and  to 
their  receiving  no  check  throughout ;  last  season 
with  us  nothing  could  have  been  more  satisfactory,  ot 
given  better  results,  than  the  varieties  Telephone,  Tele- 
graph, and  Giant  Marrow.  This  season  they  have 
almost  proved  a  failure,  and  after  the  first  and  second 
earlies.  Stratagem,  Veitch's  Perfection,  and  Ne  Plus 
Ultra,  have  withstood  the  drought,  and  consequently 
mildew,  and  produced  better  crops  than  any  other 
varieties. 

General  Work. 

Prepare  a  plot  of  ground  for  planting  out  the  main 
crop  of  spring  Cabbage  ;  this  should  be  well  manured 
with  good  rotten  dung,  and  after  being  dug  in, 
allowed  to  settle  down  a  few  days,  and  made  firm 
before  planting.  If  plentiful,  the  small  and  earlier 
varieties,  such  as  Wheeler's  Imperial,  iSic,  may  be 
planted  in  shallow  drills,  9  inches  apart  and  18  inches 
asunder,  every  alternate  plant  being  drawn  in  spring 
for  early  use,  and  before  they  become  overcrowded, 
larger  and  later  varieties,  such  as  Enfield  Market, 
&c.,  should  have  a  space  of  from  iS  inches  to  2  feet 
each  way  ;  and  do  not  allow  the  young  plants  to 
become  drawn  and  weakly  in  the  seed-beds,  rather 
than  this  should  occur  prick  out  on  temporary  beds 
until  their  permanent  quarters  are  ready  to  receive 
them.  Heaps  of  manure  that  hive  laid  any  time  on 
hand  should  be  turned  over  and  prepared  ready  for 
use  ;  and  where  the  supply  is  short,  no  time  should  be 
lost  in  getting  some  together  in  readiness  for  autumn 
and  winter  ground  work.  Continue  to  earth  up 
Celery  in  dry  weather,  also  Leeks  in  trenches,  and 
thin  out  and  weed  such  advancing  crops  as  Turnip.=, 
Spinach,  &c.  Lift  and  s'ore  Potatos  as  they  become 
ready,  and  when  in  a  dry  state,  the  haulm  being 
collected  together  and  burnt  if  there  is  the  slightest 
symptoms  of  disease,    John  Austin,  U'itley  Coiirl. 


^3^ 


THE     GAkDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  Ii,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

I  Sale  of  Iiulch  Bulbs  and  oooo  Tuberoses,  at 
Mortis'  Rooms, 
from    Holland,   at   Stevens' 


Monday, 


='P'-  '3  \  Sale  of   Bulb 

I      Rooms, 

f  Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Plants,  at  the  Bun 
Sept.  14  ■<      Ash    Nurseries,    Lee,    by    Protlieroe 


Morris 
Sale  of  Bulbs  from   Holland,  at  Stevens' 
Rooms. 

Sale  ol  Plants,  at  the  Lea 
Bridge  Nurseries,  Leylon,   by  Protlieroe 

r  Sale    of  Howcring,  Semi-established,    Or- 


rSale 

Re 

IS  ■!  Ann 


I  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  U  Morris' 

:  the  Long- 
■  Protheroe 

Trade  bale  of4500  Established  Orchids,with- 
out  reserve,  at  Protheroe  &'Morris'Room5. 
r  Trade  Sale  of  Plants,  at  the  Dysons  Lane 


SATtJROAYf      Sept. 


I       Nurserj',    Edmont 
.  I       Morris. 
^\  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs. 
Rooms. 

I  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs 


1,  by  Protheroe  & 
t  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
It  Stevens'  Rooms. 


THE  Physic  Garden  AT  Chelsea  has  spe- 
cial claims  on  the  sympathies  of  botanists 
and  horticulturists.  Established  soon  after  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  by  the  So- 
ciety of  Apothecaries  of  London  for  educa- 
tional purposes,  it  is  associated  with  such  names 
as  Sloane,  Philip  Miller,  who  here  re- 
ceived the  visit  of  Linn/Eus,  William  Cur- 
tis, of  Botanical  Mag^isine  fame,  N.  B.  Ward, 
John  Lindley,  Robert  Fortune,  not  to 
speak  of  others  still  living.  The  history  of  the 
garden  has  been  told  in  our  columns  before  now, 
and  those  who  wish  to  read  of  its  chequered 
fortunes  cannot  do  better  than  procure  Dr. 
Semple's  Memorials  ef  the  Botanic  Garden 
at  Chelsea.  Our  present  purpose  now  is  rather 
with  the  garden  as  it  is  than  as  it  was.  Small 
in  extent,  low-lying,  close  to  the  river,  built  in 
by  tall  houses,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  a 
dense  population,  and  plentifully  endowed  with 
the  smoke  and  dust  of  the  huge  metropolis,  this 
garden  might  be  thought  to  be  of  little  worth, 
and  to  owe  what  interest  attaches  to  it  rather  to 
the  past  than  to  the  present.  But  this  would 
not  be  a  just  estimate.  The  Chelsea  garden 
still  fulfils  its  purpose,  and  in  some  respects 
better  than  ever,  while,  owing  to  the  additions 
made  a  few  years  back  in  consequence  of  the 
new  Embankment,  its  size  has  been  increased 
and  its  general  condition  improved. 

Owing  to  recent  changes  in  the  curricu- 
lum of  medical  education,  botany  which,  from 
the  time  of  yEscuLAPius  downwards,  had  been 
inseparably  associated  with  medicine,  has  now 
been  in  a  measure  divorced  from  it.  Of  course 
there  were  good  reasons  for  lightening  the  con- 
fessedly overburdened  programme  of  studies  for 
the  medical  student.  Doubtless,  too,  the 
method  and  style  of  botanical  teaching  were  not 
always  in  consonance  with  modern  notions, 
and  with  the  increased  attention  now  paid  to 
the  microscopic  structure  and  to  the  physiology 
of  plants  rather  than  to  their  outward  conforma- 
tion and  natural  affinities.  All  this  may  be 
admitted,  but  constitute,  in  our  judgment,  rather 
an  argument  for  modification  than  for  the 
abolition  of  botanical  teaching  as  an  element  in 
medical  education. 

In  these  pages  we  cannot  enter  into  the  dis- 
cussion of  what  might  be  done  at  once  to 
lighten  the  programme,  and  to  render  it  more 
in  accordance  with  the  requirements  and  the 
fashion  of  the  day,  nor  can  we  discuss  the  desi- 
rability of  including  a  full  practical  course  of 
botanic  teaching  as  an  essential  preliminary  to 
more  strictly  professional  studies  ;  but  we  may 
at  least  express  our  opinion,  that  the  utter  aboli- 
tion of  botanical  teaching  is  a  mistake  and  a  cala- 
mity for  medical  science.  It  has  come,  too,  at  a 
time  when,  to  a  degree,  never  equalled  before, 
the  life-history  of  plants  is  shown  to  be  of 
cardinal  importance  in  understanding  the  phy- 
siology of  animals,  the  natural  history  of  many 
diseases,  and  the  method  of  combatting  them. 
The  Society  of  Apothecaries  has  always  held  a 
juster  conception  of    the   value    of   botany   in 


medical  education  not  only  for  its  direct  ad- 
vantages, but  also  for  the  excellent  training  of 
the  observant  and  reflective  powers  that  it 
oflfers,  and  which  render  it  so  valuable  as 
preliminary  to  the  study  of  medicine.  It  is 
hardly  likely  that  the  Society  will  alter  its  well 
matured  plans,  and  hence  it  may  well  be  that 
the  Society  will  become  the  sole  teaching  body 
of  botany  in  its  relation  to  medicine. 

At  the  present  time  the  Society  offers  medals 
to  medical  students  for  proficiency  in  botany— 
inedals  which  have  always  been  highly  reputed 
among  students,  and  which  have  been  com- 
peted for  by  many  of  our  leading  medical  men 
and  botanists.  Similar  prizes  are  offered  for 
competition  on  the  part  of  young  women, 
destined,  it  may  be,  for  the  profession  of  gover- 
ness. These  latter  examinations,  which  are  of 
an  elementary,  though  practical  character,  are 
open  to  young  girls  throughout  the  kingdom,  and 
are  well  attended.  In  addition  to  this,  during 
the  summer  months,  Mr.  J.  G.  Baker  gives  a 
course  of  botanical  lectures  which  are  highly 
appreciated,  as  may  be  judged  by  the  well- 
filled  lecture-room. 

To  provide  for  these  requirements,  as  well  as 
for  the  supply  of  specimens  at  the  periodic 
examinations  of  students  at  the  Hall  is  one  main 
object  of  the  Chelsea  garden. 

The  cultivation  of  medical  plants  and  of 
specimens  adapted  for  teaching  purposes,  there- 
fore, takes  precedence  over  the  growth  of  orna- 
mental plants,  though  these  latter  are  by  no 
means  neglected.  The  garden  is  a  square 
enclosure  bounded  by  high  walls  which  afford 
shelter  for  many  curious  plants.  The  outdoor 
plants  are  arranged  in  their  natural  orders,  and 
those  that  require  more  attention  are  cared  for 
in  some  old-fashioned  lean-to  houses,  in  a 
central  span-roofed  range,  in  a  north-east 
house,  and  in  various  pits  and  frames.  In  the 
middle  of  the  garden  is  a  circular  aquarium, 
surrounded  by  rockwork  with  dense  masses  of 
Acantholimon  glumaceum.  Genista  tinctoria, 
and  many  other  plants,  including  a  large  bush 
of  the  rare  Astragalus  pseudo-Tragacantha, 
whose  pink  flowers  are  set  down  in  the  axils  of 
the  pinnate  leaves,  the  midribs  of  which  are 
persistent  and  become  hard  and  thorny.  Near 
to  it  stands  a  statue  of  the  garden's  greatest 
benefactor,  Sir  Hans  Sloane.  The  stone  is 
mouldering  away  rapidly,  but  the  inscription 
being  better  protected,  is  still  plainly  legible, 
and  sets  forth  not  only  the  gratitude  of  the 
raisers  to  their  benefactor,  but  expresses  also 
their  sense  of  the  relation  of  botany  to  medicine 
— thus  it  runs  : — 

"THEY 

being  sensible  how  necessary 

that  Branch  of  Science  is 

to  the   faithful  discharging   the   Duty 

of  their  Profession, 

with    grateful    Hearts 

and    general     Consent 

ordered   this  statue  to  be  erected 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  1733. 

that    their    successors    and    Posterity 

may  never  forget 

their  common  Benefactor." 

Another  monument  of  a  different  character  is 
afforded  by  the  old  Cedar,  the  survivor  of  four, 
of  which  three  have  long  since  been  removed. 
Of  the  two  which  once  flanked  the  river  gate, 
one  has  disappeared,  and  the  other  keeps  on  a 
lingering  existence.  These  Cedars  were  planted 
in  16S3,  and  long  constituted  a  special  feature 
of  the  garden.  The  surviving  tree  is  flat- 
topped,  and  its  bole  has  now  a  girth  of  12  feet  10 
inches  at  5  feet  from  the  ground. 

The  glass  houses  make  no  pretence  to  be 
show  houses,  but  go  when  one  may  one  is 
always  sure  to  find  something  of  interest. 
We  have  selected  some  instances  for  illustra- 
tion such  as  the  Xanthochymus  pictorius,  an 
evergreen  shrub  with  bold  shining  green  foliage, 
and  which  bears  each  year  its  yellow  edible 
fruits,  much  esteemed  by  the  natives  of  Central 


India  (see  figs  71,72).  This  is  a  plant  nearly 
allied  to  the  Garcinias  which  produce  gamboge 
and  indeed  itself  yields  that  gum.  It  is  a  striking 
plant  not  often  seen  out  of  a  botanic  garden,  any 
more  than  the  Dumb  Cane,  the  Mango,  the 
quaint  Dorstenias,  the  Cinchonas,  the  weird 
Stangeria,  the  Betel  pepper,  the  tall  Aloes,  the 
Candle  tree,  and  dozens  of  plants  of  medical  or 
botanical  interest.  Pelargoniums,  including 
some  of  Dr.  Denny's  seedlings.  Fuchsias,  and 
Calceolarias,  serve  to  keep  the  houses  bright. 

The  north-east  house  is  given  up  to  Ferns 
and  other  plants  disposed  in  beds  amid  masses 
of  rock,  including  Camellias,  Roses,  Clematis,  and 
Hellebores,  of  which  latter  genus  there  is  an  in- 
teresting collection.  Saxifraga  peltata  shares 
with  the  plants  just  named  the  shelter  of  this 
house.  That  Ferns  should  be  well  represented 
in  this  garden  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  for 
among  living  Pteridologists  there  is  none  to  sur- 
pass the  Curator.  Other  houses  contain  good 
examples  of  Monstera  deliciosa,  the  Sycomore 
Fig,  Ruscus  androgynus,  a  collection  of  succu- 
lents, and  other  interesting  plants. 

Among  the  trees,  in  addition  to  theCedarbefore 
mentioned,  are  an  old  Ginkgo,  or  Maidenhair 
tree,  a  fine  evergreen  Oak,  a  Hickory,  a  white 
Poplar,  a  Ptelea,  a  Planera,  a  Koelreuteria, 
Sic  Hablitzia  tamnoides  may  be  also  men- 
tioned as  a  very  free  growing  climber,  with 
rich  green  foliage  and  profuse  clusters  of  yel- 
lowish flowers.  It  is  evidently  an  excellent 
plant  for  town  gardens.  Roses  do  not  fear  to 
display  themselves,  and  Rosa  rugosa  in  par- 
ticular asserts  its  right  to  be  considered  a  good 
town  plant.  Of  herbaceous  plants  there  are 
many,  and  those  well  selected,  considerable 
space  being  devoted  to  those  of  medicinal  in- 
terest. Ferulas  have  been  long  a  fancy  of 
the  Curator,  and  years  before  subtropicals  and 
bold  plants  of  that  character  were  fashion- 
able, their  merits  were  recognised  and  recorded 
by  Mr.  MooRE.  Our  illustration  of  one  spe- 
cies, F.  glauca  (fig.  58,  p.  332),  shows  how  fine 
they  are,  but  it  cannot  show  either  the  rich  green 
of  the  young  foliage,  nor  the  golden  yellow 
of  the  leaves  in  their  decay.  Rhubarbs,  in- 
cluding the  medicinal  species,  are  strikingly 
handsome,  and  equally  imposing  are  the  giant 
Heracleums.  Yuccas  flourish  well,  and  single 
Dahlias  are  known  to  be  a  hobby  of  the 
Curator's,  but  we  will  not  be  led  on  to  write  a 
catalogue,  we  have  said  enough  to  show 
how  much  interest  attaches  to  the  old  garden. 
Those  who  remember,  and  there  cannot  be 
many  who  have  forgotten,  the  services  to  hor- 
ticulture of  Mr.  Thomas  Moore,  and  who 
miss  his  presence  and  feel  the  want  of  his  un- 
rivalled knowledge  of  plants  at  our  horticultural 
gatherings,  will  join  us  in  the  hope  that  he  may 
speedily  be  restored  to  health,  and  aid  us  as 
before  with  his  ripe  counsels,  full  knowledge, 
and  e.\cellent  judgment. 


Royal   Horticultural  Society. — At  a 

meeting  ol  the  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee,  held 
at  Chiswick  on  September  8,  present,  John  E  Lane, 
Esq.,  in  the  chair;  Messrs.  Woodbridge,  Norman, 
Smilh,  Saltmarsb,  Paul,  Burnett,  Silverlock,  and 
Miles,  the  collection  of  Potatos  growing  in  the 
Garden  was  examined,  and,  on  being  cooked,  First- 
class  Certificates  were  awarded  to  the  following 
varieties  : — 

Fyvie  Flcwer  (R.  Farquhar,  Aberdeen).  —  White 
kidney,  rough  skin,  yellow  flesh,  medium-size  ;  heavy 
cropper. 

Seedling  A  r  {A.  Harris,  Woburn,  Beds). — Large 
white  kidney,  smooth  skin,  white  flesh  ;  good  cropper. 

Bouncer  (T.  Laxton,  Bedford). — White  round,  smooth 
skin,  white  flesh,  very  handsome  ;  moderate  cropper. 

Maggie  (J.  Murdoch,  Rothiemay,  N.B).  —  Large 
white  roand,  smooth  skin,  white  flesh,  deep  eye  ;  very 
heavy  cropper. 

"Studies  in  Microscopical  Science."^ 

We  are  glad  to  see  that  this  useful  publication  is  con- 
tinued with  its  former  excellence.  The  work  is  pub- 
lished by  Hammond  &  Co,,  of  Birmingham  (136, 
Edmund  Street),  and  is  divided  into  four  sections, 
any  one  of  which  can  be  obtained  separately.     The 


September  ii,  iS86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


337 


botanical  section  contains  a  full  account  of  the  vege- 
table cell  by  Mr.  Houston,  with  an  accompanying 
lithograph.  A  microscopical  slide  accompanies  each 
part  of  which  we  have  had  repeated  occasion  to  com- 
ment  in  terms  of  commendation. 

The  "  Botanical  Magazine."— The  Sept- 

tember  number  contains  coloured  figures  of  the 
following  species  : — 

Befaria  glaitca^  t.  6S93,  is  a  very  showy  evergreen 
shrub  fitted  for  greenhouse  culture.  Its  leaves  are 
like  those  of  a  Rhododendron,  but  the  numerous 
flowers  are  borne  in  loose  terminal  pyramidal  panicles. 
The  corolla  measures  about  2  inches  across,  is  bell- 
shaped,  and  made  up  of  seven  rose-coloured  petals. 
The  genus  Befaria  grows  on   the  Andes,   the  most 


with  green,  or  crimson  marked  with  a  glaucous  flush 
with  no  green. 

Corydalis  Severzovii,  t.  6896. — A  handsome  Cory- 
dalis  resembling  the  common  C.  bulbosa,  but  with 
much  larger  yellow  flowers  with  a  purplish  spur.  It 
is  a  native  of  Western  Turkestan,  whence  it  was 
introduced  by  Dr.  Albert  Regel. 

Gladiolus  A'olschyanus,  t.  6897. — This  is  a  very 
interesting  blue-flowered  species,  introduced  from 
North  Western  Afghanistan  by  Dr.  AlTCHisON,  of 
the  Afghan  Boundary  Commission.  The  foliage  is 
narrow,  linear  lanceolate.  The  flowers  are  in  spike- 
like cymes,  each  about  li  inch  long,  trumpet-shaped, 
with  a  somewhat  oblique  limb. 

Vegetable  Teratology. — A  German  trans- 


The  Congo  Flora. — M.  Auguste  Lin- 
den, as  we  learn  from  the  Jlluitiation  Horticole^  has 
sent  from  the  Congo  to  the  Compagnie  Continentale 
d'Horticulture  a  consignment  of  plants,  including 
several  new  Orchids,  and  with  them  the  beautiful 
Lissochilus  giganteus. 

A  Public  Park  for  Poole. — We  learn 

from  the  Devon  and  Exeter  Daily  Gazette  of  Sep- 
tember 4  that  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Wimborne  has 
presented  to  the  Corporation  of  the  town  of  Poole 
35  acres  of  land,  to  be  laid  out  as  a  People's  Park 
and  Recreation  Ground.  Provision  is  to  be  made 
for  a  cricket  ground,  gymnasium,  lawn-tennis  court, 
&c.  The  Corporation  invited  designs  for  laying  out 
and  planting  the  ground  in  an  appropriats  manner, 


southerly  American  Rhododendron  inhabiting  the 
mountains  of  Georgia  and  the  Pine  flats  of  Florida, 
just  where  the  first  Befaria  makes  its  appearance. 
The  present  species  was  found  on  the  Andes  of  New 
Grenada  at  a  height  of  from  5500  to  7200  feet,  where 
it  forms  thickets.  The  specimen  figured  flowered 
in  the  temperate-house  of  the  Royal  Gardens  at 
Kew. 

Iris  Slatella,  t.  6S94,  is  a  yellow  flowered  Iris  with 
reflexed  yellow  bearded  sepals  or  falls,  and  erect  pale 
primrose-coloured  petals.  It  was  received  by  Pro- 
fessor Foster,  from  the  Palermo  Botanic  Garden,  but 
its  native  country  is  not  known. 

Tulipa  Ostrowskiana,  t.  6895,  is  one  of  the 
Central  Asiatic  species,  discovered  by  Dr.  Albert 
Regel.  The  perianth  segments  are  acute  and  fur- 
nished with  a  cuneate  blotch  at  the  base  of  the 
segments,  which  are   either  scarlet    flushed   outside 


latlon  of  Dr.  Masters'  treatise  on  this  subject  has 
been  just  published  by  Haessel,  of  Leipsig,  The 
translation  has  been  made  by  Mr.  Udo  Dammer,  of 
Berlin,  and  numerous  additions  have  been  made  by 
the  translators.  Professors  Camlts  and  Penzig,  of 
Modena  ;  Casi'ary,  of  Konigsberg  ;  Magnijs,  of 
Berlin  ;  and  Mr.  GoscHKE,  of  Proskau.  The  author 
has  also  contributed  much  additional  matter,  and 
some  new  woodcuts. 

Returns  from  "Three  Acres." — Arch- 
deacon Lea  gives  the  results  of  an  experiment  in 
fruit  farming  on  3  acres  of  land  for  a  period  of  four- 
teen years,  with  the  receipts  and  payments  during 
that  period,  from  fruit,  pigs,  and  poultry,  with  a 
balance-sheet  of  the  best  and  worst  years.  In  the 
worst  year,  1S77,  the  net  profit  was  £(>  6s,  ^d,,  and 
in  the  best  year,  ^^79  gs.  lid. 


and  offered  a  prize  of  ^{,20  to  the  competitor  whose 
design  was  most  approved,  and  ^5  as  a  2d  prize. 
The  prize  of  ^20  has  been  awarded  to  Messrs.  R. 
Veitch  &  Son,  of  the  Royal  Nursery,  Exeter ;  the 
2d  going  to  Mr.  R.  Upcher,  of  Scole,  in  Norfolk. 
There  were  eighteen  designs  sent  in  from  all  parts  of 
England. 

Odds  and  Ends  at  Messrs.  Carter's.— 

Some  time  since  we  had  occasion  to  comment  on  a 
very  interesting  series  of  hybrid  Wheats  raised  by 
Messrs.  Carter  at  their  nurseries  at  Forest  Hill,  but 
it  must  not  be  supposed  that  Wheats  supply  the  only 
matters  of  interest,  trials  of  many  sorts  are  carried  on 
there,  and  their  strains  of  Balsams  struck  us  from 
their  good  habit  and  flowers  of  large  size  and 
good  substance.  Petunias  and  Gloxinias  also  receive 
attention,  and  were  being  "  brushed  over  "to  secure  new 


33S 


THE     GARDENEkS'    CHRONICLE 


[SliPTBMBER  n,   l8S6. 


varieties.  China  Asters  in  their  various  races  made 
a  brave  show,  and  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  Messrs. 
Carter  find  that  home-grown  seed  give  offspring 
marked  by  greater  vigour  and  longer  duration  of 
flower  than  German  seed.  An  interesting  sight  is 
a  large  open  shed  fitted  up  with  shelves,  on  which 
some  5000  or  6000  pots  of  Stocks  were  ripening  off 
for  seed.  The  plants  are  pricked  out  seven  in  a  pot, 
the  double  flowers  cut  off,  and  the  single  ones  left  for 
seed.  Messrs.  Carter  manage  to  get  a  large  per- 
centage of  doubles,  but  they  have  not  yet  found  out 
any  secret  for  incre,asiog  the  proportion  of  doubles  at 
will. 

— -  Phrynium  VARlEGATtTM.— This  is  a  very 
beautiful  stove  variegated  plant.  It  has  stalked, 
ovate-lanceolate  leaves,  white,  blotched  irregularly 
with  green.  Each  leaf  in  about  5—7  inches  long  and 
I— 3  inches  wide.  It  was  introduced  to  the  Com- 
pagnie  Continentale  from  the  Botanic  Garden, 
Singapore. 

Irish    Agricctltural    Statistics.— We 

have  received  an  official  abstract  of  the  statistics 
relating  to  the  crops  of  Ireland  for  1S85  and  18S6. 
The  total  extent  under  crops  of  various  kinds  in  1SS6 
's  5,033,846  acres,  an  increase  over  1885  of  76,719 
acres,  or  1.5  per  cent.  There  was  a  decrease  in  the 
acreage  of  Wheat  and  Oats,  o(  Beans  and  Peas,  but 
an  increase  in  Barley  and  Rye,  a  large  increase  in 
Potato;,  Turnips,  and  a  small  one  in  Mangels.  Cab- 
bages, Carrots,  Parsnips,  Vetches,  and  Rape,  all 
show  a  decrease.  The  acreage  under  Flax  has  in- 
creased by  no  less  than  19,718  acres,  while  the  acre- 
age under  meadow  and  pasture  has  increased  by 
59,370  acres. 

L.iiLiA     Batemaniana.  —  Mr.    Douglas 

states  that  another  and  much  finer  form  of  this  won- 
derful hybrid  has  flowered  in  the  Exotic  Nursery  at 
Chelsea.  It  certainly  is  a  very  distinct  and  lovely 
little  Orchid,  partaking  of  the  character  of  both 
parents,  as  described  at  p.  263  ;  and  not  only  does  it 
bear  the  characteristics  of  its  parents  in  habit  of 
plant,  colour,  and  formation  of  the  flowers,  but  also 
in  their  lasting  character.  Sophronites  grandiflora 
blooms  last  very  much  longer  than  those  of  Cattleya 
intermedia;  and  the  flowers  of  L.  Batemaniana  x  kept 
in  good  condition  for  a  month  during  the  recent  hot 
weather— that  is,  from  the  first  week  in  August  to 
September  7.  Mr.  Douglas  measured  the  flowers, 
of  which  there  were  two  on  one  spike,  and  found  they 
were  2\  inches  across,  the  sepals  and  petals  a  lovely 
salmon-rose,  lip  mauve-purple  with  a  white  throat  ; 
the  bulbs  are  3  inches  long,  leaves  l\  inches  long  by 
l|  inch  wide.  The  small  plant  which  flowered  first 
is  a  pigmy  beside  it.  This  bi-generic  hybrid  promises 
to  be  very  free-flowering  ;  it  has  flowered  early  in 
comparison  to  the  age  of  seedling  Cattleyas  before 
they  bloom  ;  and  if  one  may  judge  from  the  healthy 
appearance  of  the  plants,  they  are  likely  to  flower 
stronger  next  year. 

A  NONOGENARIAN  GARDENER.— Mr.  ThOS. 

Birtwell,  who  was  for  sixty  years  the  much  valued 
and  respected  head  gardener  of  the  late  James 
Taylor,  of  Moreton  Mall,  Whalley,  died  at  that 
place  on  September  I,  at  the  age  of  ninety  years, 
The  deceased  had  served  also  under  four  of  his  first 
employer's  successors. 

•  Hazel-nuts.— The  prospect  from  our  win- 
dows, if  not  very  picturesque,  is  at  least  suggestive. 
As  we  write,  a  waggon  piled  up  with  Hazel-nuts  is 
drawn  up  before  our  doors,  and  the  proprietors  are 
driving  a  brisk  trade  in  the  toothsome  nuts,  which  are 
selling  at  one  penny  the  quart.  Who  says  fruit  culture 
is  not  profitable  ! 

Centigrade  and  Fahrenheit. — We  take 

the  following  from  the  Iniiian  Gau-./ener /—••  The 
Centigrade  thermometrical  scale  is  now  becoming 
so  frequently  uied  in  English  books  that  a  short 
method  of  turning  incomprehensible  Centigrade  into 
intelligible  Fahrenheit  will  be  a  desideratum.  The 
rule  is  simple,  and  the  operation,  after  a  little  prac- 
tice, may  be  performed  menially.  All  one  has  to  do 
is  to  double  the  Centigrade  number,  take  a  tenth 
away  from  it,  and  add  32  to  the  number  obtained. 
Let  us  take  60°  Centigrade.  Twice  60  is  120,  take 
one-tenth  away— !.f.,  12— and  loS  remains,  which, 
added  to  32,  makes  140,  which  is  the  answer.  Taking 
a  more  difficult  number,   32  Centigrade,  we  double, 


and  obtain  64,  from  which  we  take  6.4,  leaving  57.6, 
to  which  we  add  32,  the  total  being  89  6,"  Our  con- 
temporary must  have  strange  ideas  about  incompre- 
hensibility and  unintelligibility.  It  is  a  scindal  on 
our  Anglo  Saxon  civilisation  that  we  still  continue  to 
use  the  very  inconvenient  Fahrenheit's  scale,  and 
refuse  to  adopt  the  simpler  and  uniform  decimal 
system  of  weights  and  measures.  Are  we  really  less 
progressive  than  other  nations  ?  In  this  matter  cer- 
tainly not  more  so. 

, Royal     Caledonian    Horticultural, 

Edinburgh.— The  autumn  show  of  this  Society  was 
held  in  the  Waverley  Market  on  the  8th  inst.,  when, 
as  usual  at  this  season's  show,  there  was  a  splendid 
display  of  fruit.  Entries  greatly  exceeded  those  of 
last  year  in  nearly  every  class,  but  particularly  in 
those  of  fruit  and  vegetables.  There  was  a  falling  off' 
m  certain  classes  of  plants  and  in  exhibits  from  nur- 
serymen, but  the  great  market  hall  presented  a  richly 
pleasing  appearance  nevertheless  from  all  points  of 
view.  A  full  report  of  the  show  will  appear  in  our 
next  issue. 

African   OnuM   in    China.— Considering 

that  the  cultivation  of  Opium,  though  prohibited  by 
Government,  is  nevertheless  largely  carried  on  in 
China,  it  seems  like  the  proverbial  "  Carrying  of  coals 
to  Newcastle  "  to  read  in  a  Consular  report  from 
Ningpo,  that  "A  chest  of  African  Opium  from 
Q'jillimane  was  imported  as  an  experiment,  but  the 
local  dealers  rejected  it  as  containing  sugar,  and  hot 
smoking  well." 

Newcastle-on-Tyne.— It   was    not  at   all 

likely  that  Newcastle  would  be  left  behind,  so  that  it 
is  with  no  surprise  that  we  learn  that  it  is  in  contem- 
plation to  inaugurate  in  that  city  in  1887,  an  Inter- 
national and  Colonial  Exhibition,  of  matters  relating 
to  mining,  engineering,  and  industry.  Division  9  of 
the  programme  includes  agriculture,  horticulture,  and 
arboriculture,  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  Jacob 
Wilson.  For  the  special  class  relating  to  horti- 
culture,  the  following  committee  is  appointed  :  — 

<Z\.KSs    B.— Horticulture    and    Arboriculture 
Thomas  Gray,  Chairman.— W.  Fell, 
Vice-chairman. 
W.  R.  Armstrong.  j.  j.  Gillespie. 

A.  Balfour.  f.  Milthorpe. 

R.  W.  Bell.  j.  Watt. 

R.  C.  Smith  Carington.      \V.  J.  Watson. 


I-  Carter.  w.  G.  Webb. 

].  Baxter  Ellis.  Adam  Wilson. 

R.  G.  Foktt.  e.  Wilson. 

Mr.  George  Thomson. — We  learn  that  Mr. 

Thomson,  so  favourably  known  in  connection  with 
the  gardens  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  and  who  latterly 
has  been  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  A.nthony  Waterer, 
intends  to  devote  himself  in  future  to  the  profession  of 
consulting  horticulturist  and  landscape  gardener,  a 
position  for  which  his  attainments  and  experience 
amply  qualify  him. 

; AnTHURIUM   album  MAXIMUM  FLAVESCENS 

o/iuj  AnthuriumSchkrtzerianumvar.lacteum. 
— In  spite  of  the  terrible  incubus  of  names  with  which 
this  is  burdened  this  is  a  very  beautilul  variety  of 
Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  with  pure  white  spathes, 
forming  a  striking  background  for  the  yellow  spadix. 
This  is  a  seedling  raised  by  A.  DE  LA  Devansayb. 

-;: —  Sesamum  in  China.— Sesamum  (Sesamum 
indicum)  is  grown  to  a  very  large  extent  in  China. 
In  the  districs  of  Kiungchow  the  crop  of  seed  is 
reported  to  have  been  up  to  the  average,  and  the 
seed  was  largely  exported  by  steamer.  The  yield 
throughout  the  island  is  said  to  have  been  above 
120,000  piculs,  more  than  three  times  as  much  as 
was  produced  ten  years  ago.  Sesamum  has  baen 
found  to  be  a  very  paying  crop,  and  it  is  now  culti- 
vated in  all  the  thirteen  districts  of  the  island,  but 
the  largest  supplies  come  from  Kiung-shan,  Chi'eng- 
mai,  and  Tingan.  Two  qualities  of  the  seed  are 
recognised  in  the  market. 

Gardening  Appointments. —Mr.  G.  W. 

Mair,  from  the  Royal  Gardens,  Edgbaston,  has  beeii 
appointed  Head  Gardener  to  W.  E.  Wilings,  Esq., 
The  Rookery,  Birches  Green,  Erdington,  near  Bir- 
mingham.—Mr.  James  Weavers,  late  Gardener  to 
Thos.  Best,  Esq.,  Red  Rice.  Andover,  Hants,  has 
been  appointed  Gardener  to  W.  L.  Christie,  Esq. 
Glyndebourne,  Lewes,  Sussex.— Mr.  John  Wallace! 
Foreman  to  Mr.  Thomson,  Gardener  to  His  Grace 
the  Dukeof  Graito.n,  K.G.,  Wakefield,  Northamp- 
tonshire, has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Mrs. 
Shakespear,  Langley  Priory,  Diesworth,  Derbv'- 
shire.  ' 


'%z'im%  0f  lafflis. 


How  to  Grow  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and 
Pears,  on  Open  Walls.  (Robert  Smith, 
Yalding,  Kent.) 

This  modest  pamphlet,  by  an  experienced  grower 
of  these  fruits,  is  well  worthy  of  the  attention  of 
young  gardeners.  In  the  thirty-one  pages  of  the 
treatise  the  writer  insists  on  the  possibility  of  as  good 
fruit  crops  being  obtained  from  open  walls  now  as  for 
fifty  years  past,  but  the  trees  must  have  proper  atten- 
tion, and  some  amount  of  protection. 

Living  in  the  fruit  county  far  excellence,  he  is  apt 
to  underrate  the  importance  of  blinds  and  other  con- 
trivances to  ward  off  frost,  and  is  content  with  a 
simple  portable  coping  of  board  u  inches  wide,  a 
mode  of  protection  good  enough  there  in  the  gener- 
ality of  seasons,  but  not  affording  enough  in  other 
parts  of  the  country.  Great  stress  is  laid  on  thin 
training  of  the  shoots,  root-pruning,  shallow  planting, 
mulching,  and  feeding,  the  latter  two  especially  where 
show  fruits  are  desired.  He  is  something  of  an  exten- 
sionist,  but  fails  to  tell  the  reader  how  he  gets  the 
middle  parts  of  the  trees  furnished  with  bearing  wood, 
so  we  must  imagine  he  follows  a  modified  mode  of 
extension  only. 

The  chapter  on  Fears  might  with  advantage  have 
been  made  more  instructive,  for  Pears  are  not  like 
stone  fruits  in  their  habit  of  growth  and  formation  of 
fruit-spurs,  but  exhibit  much  variety  in  these  respects, 
matters  which  receive  no  notice  whatever.  Trust- 
worthy lists  of  fruits  are  given  under  each  heading, 
and  simple  methods  of  annihilating  insect  enemies  are 
supplied. 


TreE3 


AND 


^HF^UB3, 


THE    TAMARISK. 
One  can  understand  why  this  handsome  sub  ever- 
green shrub  is  so  frequently  planted  on  the  sea  coasts, 
on  account  of  its  adaptability  for  such  situations,  and  its 
power  of  resisting  the  sea  breezes.     In  this  particular 
instance,  and  for  such  purposes  the  majority  of  shrubs 
are  but  ill  adapted,  and,  indeed,  signiily  fail.     It  is 
true  that  Euonymus,   Ivy,    Lycium  barbarum,   some 
species  of  Pinus  and  others  stand  the  sea  breeze  well, 
but  they  are  heavy  and  inelegant  compared  with  the 
slender,  graceful,  and  excessively  ramified  stems  and 
branches  of  Tamarix  gallica.     The  latter  attains  its 
greatest  dimensions  in  damp  or  moist  situations,  such 
as  the  banks  of  rivers  ;  and  instances  are  recorded  of 
its  attaining  a  height  of  20  to  30  feet  both   in  this 
country  and  on  the  Continent.     It   may  be   put  to 
purposes  of  the  greatest  ornament,    however,  where 
great  size  is  not  a  desideratum,  such  as  at  Eastbourne, 
Brighton,   and    Hastings,    especially   the    first-men- 
tioned place,   where  thousands  of  plants  clothe  the 
steep  chalk  banks  along  the  side  of  the  esplanade, 
with   waving    plumy   masses   of   the   most    delicate 
verdure.      These   shrubs    are   planted    in    lines    (an 
example,  however,  which  need  not  be  followed)  and 
annually,  or  at  least  frequently  cut  back  like  so  many 
Willow    stools,    and    the    result    after    growth    has 
proceeded     for    some     time,    is    to    say    the    least 
of    it    encouraging.       What    would     otherwise     be 
dry     chalk     banks,     glaring     in     their     whiteness, 
where    scarcely    anything    else    of    an    ornamental 
character  except  Wallflowers,  and  Stocks  could  main- 
tain   a    footing,    is    converted    into    an     attractive 
shrubbery    despite    the    absence    of    much    variety. 
Euonymus,  Wallflowers,   Sedums,  and  several  other 
rock   plants,  it  might   be   mentioned,   are  associated 
with  the  Tamarisk  in  places.     This  shrub  also  stands 
the  knife  and  shears  well,  making  excellent  hedges. 
Something   of  this   sort    might    more    frequently   be 
attempted  inland  where  the  shrub  succeeds  perfectly. 
It  is  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  an  open  border 
with   a   northern   exposure,    whence   a   good   supply 
could  be  procured    in   a    comparatively  short    time. 
The  stiff  and  formal  character  of  a  bank  of  the  common 
Laurel    could    easily    be    dispensed    with    in    many 
instances,   and    its    place   occupied    by  a   bank    ol 
Tamarisk,    greatly   to    the    satisfaction    of    all   con- 
cerned.     Sweet    Briar    hedges    have    been    greatly 
lauded  and  recommended   lately,  with  much  reason 
undoubtedly;    but  hedges  of  this  elegant  evergreen 
might  also  vary  the  character  of  garden  scenery  with 
great   propriety.      The   extreme   minuteness   of    the 


Septemcer  li,  iS&6.] 


TUB     GAkDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


339 


leaves  prevents   disfigurement  in  clipping,   a  quality      have  such  Peas  as  Telephone,  Stratagem,  Pride  of  the 


which  can  hardly  be  claimed  even  by  the  B 
desirable  and  appropriate  for  the  surroundings,  a 
loose  untrimmed  hedge  could  be  restrained  in  du3 
bounds  by  a  judicious  use  of  the  pruning  knife  alone, 
and  such  a  hedge  would  be  enlivened  by  myriads  of 
small  pink  flowers  in  their  season,  which  if  devoid  of 
the  fragrance  of  a  Sweet  Briar  hedge,  would  not  be 
wanting  in  attractiveness.  J,  F. 

Carpentkria  californica. 
We   learn   that    this   beautiful   shrub    flowered    in 
spring  out-of-doors   in    the   garden   o(    Mr.    B.    11. 
Brooksbank,  of  Sandrock,  Tickhill,  Yorkshire. 

Aralia  Maximowiczii 
is  a  hardy  shrub  of  distinct  appearance,  with  its  dull 
purplish  spiny  stems  and  bold  palmately  lobed  foliage, 
hairy  on  the  under  surface.  Its  effectiveness  may  be 
well  seen  when  grown  in  contrast  with  other  shrubs, 
as  at  Combe  Wood. 

Edwardsias. 
The  Edwardsias  are  trees  of  straggling  growth,  but 
the  Fern- like  leafage  is  so  pretty  that  their  presence  is 
a  gain  to  any  border,  clump,  or  shrubbery.  A  branch 
looks  extremely  pretty  when  projected  through  or 
above  other  foliage.  E.  microphylla  is  perhaps  the 
hardiest, 

Clerodendron  trichotonum 
is  a  bold  tall-growing  shrub,  with  large  cordate 
ovate  leaves,  and  large  upright  many-flowered 
panicles  cf  wh'te  flowers,  whose  delicious  fragrance 
is  in  singular  con'rast  to  the  foul  odour  ol  the  leaves 
when  bruised.  .Moral  :  don't  bruise  the  leaves.  It 
is  in  full  beauty  at  Combe  Wood. 


J40ME     j^OFJF^EgPONDENCE. 


The  Hardy  Jasmine  (Jasminum  officinale). — 
Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  old  while  J.ismine 
is  a  deciduous  plant,  it  has  many  merits  ivhich  make 
it  suitable  (or  the  walls  of  houses,  &c.  The  fact  of 
its  being  deciduous  should  not  be  made  to  tell  too 
much  against  it,  for  many  subjects,  such  as  Clemati--, 
Roses,  &c.,  are  so,  and  the  Jasmine  has  the  merit  cf 
having  very  handsome  foliage,  quickly  formed,  and  as 
readily  laid  aside,  which  is  worth  something  on  the 
score  of  neatness  and  economy  of  labour.  The  com- 
mon Jasmine  is  often  thought  to  be  of  slow  growth 
and  bloom.  Facts  contradict  both  these  ideas. 
Planted  in  fairly  good  soil,  kept  properly  trained  as  it 
grows,  it  produces  very  long  strong  shoots,  and  if 
planted,  as  I  suggest  it  always  should  be,  on  a  sunny 
wall,  it  will  bloom  freely  very  eaily.  So  much  /or 
quick  covering  and  bloom  capacity  ;  but  this  is  not 
all.  When  once  these  shoots  have  been  well  trained 
into  place  they  will  stay  there,  continuing  to  bloom  each 
summer  en  masse  ;  the  only  thing  necessary  is  to  clip 
the  young  shoots  closely  back  each  autumn.  Can  th^ 
same  be  said  for  any  other  climbing  plant  ?  I  think 
not.  It  is  but  necessary  to  add  to  these  merits  the 
beauty  and  fragrance  of  the  flowers,  and  I  think  the 
claims  of  this  good  old  sulject  prove  unanswerable. 
How  ghd  I  should  be  to  learn  where  I  could  obtain 
the  double- flowered  variety.    William  Early. 

Wild  White  Poppies.— The  white  variety  of 
Papaver  Rhceas,  see  p.  306,  is  not  a  novelty  ;  I  have 
long  been  acquainted  with  it,  although  it  is  un- 
doubtedly rare.  Mr.  Britten  records  it,  as  well  as  the 
white  P.  Argemone,  in  Journal  of  Botany,  1865,  p. 
336.  The  faintly  rose-coloured  varieties  of  both 
species  occur  here  with  the  white.  I  sent  you  a  note 
two  years  ago,  of  a  yellow  Poppy  that  I  could  not  dis- 
tinguish from  P.  Rhceas.    ]V.  G.  S. 

Pea,  Telephone.— I  see  in  your  issue  of  August  21 
a  few  remarks  from  "  W.  H.  D."  upon  Pea,  Tele- 
phone. Your  correspondent  says  that  with  him  the 
large  podded  varieties  have  not  done  so  well  as  the 
smaller  podded  one.=.  With  my  little  experience  I 
am  unable  to  see  why  the  large  podded  varieties 
should  sufl'er  from  mildew  and  the  small  podded 
varieties  not.  Perhaps  "  W.  H.  D."  will  kindly 
give  me,  and  other  readers  of  your  paper,  his  opinion 
as  to  the  cause  of  the  large  varieties,  such  as  Tele- 
phone, becoming  mildewed,  and  the  small  podded 
ones  not  being  so  aflected.  With  me  this  year,  up  to 
the  present  date  (August  24),  I  have  not  delected  ihe 
least  sign  of  mildew  in  my  garden,  and  I  have  Peas 
in  all  their  dilTerent  sta'^es.  I  can  only  wi-h 
"W.  H.  D."  had  been  so  foitunate  as  I  have  this 
season  as  regards  mildew.  I  would  just  say  that  I 
have  grown  about  twenty  varieties  this  year,  and  from 
this  and  past  experience,  that  I  cannot  give  preference 
to  small  podded  varieties  for  any  purpose   when  we 


Market,  Telegraph,  Dake  of  Albany,  Evolution, 
Walton  Hero,  Mr.  Lixton's  No.  6,  the  name  of 
which  I  have  forgotten,  but  it  is  abjut  the  same  in 
quality,  colour,  and  shape  as  Djke  of  Albany,  and 
is  a  very  large  cropper.  The  Peas  I  have  named 
are  all  good  croppers,  good  for  exhibition,  and  good 
for  culinary  purposes,  and  with  about  two  exceptions 
are  very  sweet-flavoured.  The  four  largest  and  best 
podded  Peas,  taking  all  points  into  consideration,  I 
should  say  are  Telephone,  Duke  of  Albany,  Strata- 
gem, and  Mr.  Laxton's  No.  6,  and  of  these  I  should 
certainly  say  Telephone  is  the  best.  Henry  Marriott. 

A  Fine  Lilium  Auratum.— I  have  a  specimen  of 
Lilium  auratum,  var.  alro-iubens,  with  two  spikes, 
one  having  seven,  and  the  other  forty-seven  flowers. 
It  has  been  established  for  six  years,  gained  two  1st 
prizes,  and,  what  rarely  occurs  with  this  Lily,  is 
increasing  in  number  and  floriferousness.  The 
method  of  cultivation  explains  all.  It  is  out-of-doors. 
A.  D.  Webster. 

Fig  Trees  from  Seed.— I  have  read  the  cor- 
respondence on  the  above  subject  with  considerable 
interest,  because,  when  a  boy,  I  worked  for  several 
years  at  a  garden  in  Kent,  where  Figs  grew  in 
abundance,  and  where  there  are  two  standard  trees  that 
generally  bear  some  very  line  fruit ;  but  I  never  saw 
a  seedling  Fig  tree,  and  I  was  so  much  interested  in 
everything  connected  with  horlicullure  that  they  were 
not  at  all  likely  to  escape  my  notice.  The  variety 
grown  was  Brunswick,  and  otlen  some  would  get 
thrown  to  the  ground  that  were  partially  destroyed 
by  wasps  and  birds.  There  is  one  point  connected 
with  the  Fig  which  has  escaped  notice  in  the  late 
correspondence,  and  which  may  possibly  account  for 
the  appearance  of  some  of  the  young  plants.  The 
Fig  tree,  when  it  is  not  restricted  by  artificial  means, 
sends  out  its  roots  to  a  great  distance  ;  if  a  small  piece 
of  one  of  these  roots  gets  detached,  and  placed  in  a 
favourable  position,  it  will  throw  up  a  shoot  very  much 
resembling  a  seedling  plant,  or  raihtr,  what  I  should 
suppose  a  seedling  would  be  like,  for,  as  I  have 
already  said,  I  have  not  yet  seen  one.  There  is 
another  peculiarity  about  the  roots  of  the  Fig,  viz., 
they  retain  their  vitality  for  a  very  long  time,  as  the 
following  instance  will  show  :— A  small  house  at 
Burghley  once  contained  a  Fig  tree  which  was 
eventually  destroyed,  and  a  Peach  tree  planted  in  its 
stead.  .S:x  years  alierwards  it  was  found  necessary  to 
remove  some  of  the  soil  to  a  considerable  depth,  and 
a  detached  piece  of  the  root  of  the  Fig  tree  was 
found  which  had  retained  its  vitality  uninjured ;  this 
portion  was  about  1  inch  in  diameter  and  2  inches  in 
length.  No  shoots  had  ever  been  noticed  from  this 
buried  piece  of  root,  probably  it  was  too  far  from  the 
surface.    W.  //.  Divers,  Ketton  Hall. 

I   have  here  a  seedling   raised  from   Brown 

Turkey  raised  in  March,  iSSi,  and  lam  hoping  to  fruit 
it  next  year.  If  I  am  fortunate  enough  in  doing  so  I 
shall  send  up  a  (ruit.  I  was  led  to  understand,  when 
I  was  apprentice  in  Scotland,  that  ihe  Fig  sent  out 
under  the  name  of  Castle- Kennedy  was  a  seedling 
raised  by  Mr.  Fowler.  Perhaps  some  correspondent 
will  enlighten  us  on  the  suliject.  Thrunipton.  [The 
variety  existed  there  long  belore  .Mr.  Fowler  came 
there.     Tne  origin  of  that  Fig  is  not  known.    Eo.J 

I    send  herewith  halt  a  dozen  seedling  Figs, 

hundreds  of  which  come  up  annually  in  open  ground 
here.  Where  they  come  from  is  a  mystery,  as  no  I-'igs 
have  been  grown  here  for  several  years.  E.  Ciuinp, 
Rancltgh  Gard:ns,  Leamington.  [With  this  ca  ne  a 
small  boxful  of  seedling  Fig?.     Ed.  J 

Kniphofia  aloides  as  a  Bee-trap. — Many  of  the 
readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  have  no  doubt 
noticed  that  the  bees  are  particularly  fond  of  Kniphoha 
aloides,  and  swarm  about  Ihe  "red-hot  pokers"  like 
so  many  moths  around  the  lamp.  It  may,  however, 
be  somewhat  new  to  them  that  this  (as  the  following 
account  of  my  observations  will  stiow)  is  rather  a 
dangerous  sport  to  the  bees,  olten  resulting  in  the 
pitiable  death  of  the  daring  individuals  that  come  too 
near,  just  as  the  moth's  perilous  dance  round  the 
lamp,  is  apt  to  be  a  short  but  Iragic  tale.  The  bee, 
having  selected  a  young  and  fresh  looking  llower, 
alights  on  the  long  style.  Now,  if  it  contents  itself 
with  gathering  the  pollen  of  the  anthers  outside  the 
flower  it  is  all  right— nay,  it  may  even  go  so  far  as 
to  creep  more  than  half-way  into  the  narrow  tubular 
flower,  but  it,  tempted  by  the  excellent  quality  of  the 
nectar,  it  creeps  right  into  the  flower,  its  position 
becomes  highly  critical.  The  narrowness  of  the  tube 
hinders  the  tree  movements  of  its  limbs,  the  smooth, 
inner  surface  furnishes  no  firm  hold  for  its  feet  ; 
moreover,  the  viscous  honey  that  soaks  it  and  its  own 
hairy  skin  render  its  desperate  efforts  unavailing. 
Some  of  the  stronger  individuals  succeed  in  pulling 
themselves  out,  but  their  weaker  brethien  soon 
become  exhausted.  By-and-by  the  flower  withers 
and  contracts  itself  at  both  ends,  thus  wrapping  up 
the  remains  of  the  unfortunate  insect  in  a  translucent, 
tight  shroud.  A  good  many  bees  are  thus  put  to 
death.      I    have    gathered    dozens    of    such    "  bee- 


mummies  "  from  a  single  spike.  Although  of  no 
practjcal  consequence,  on  account  of  the  scarcity  of 
the  Kniphofia,  it  is  interesting  as  the  only  instance 
(as  far  as  I  know,  at  least)  of  actual  danger  in  con- 
nection with  the  useful  task  of  the  ' '  busy  bee."  J.  E. 
Lanffe,  /loyal  Gardens,  Kew. 

Tobacco  Culture  in  Shropshire.- Consider- 
able interest  is  being  manifested  in  the  remarkable 
success  which  has  attended  the  attempt  to  cultivate 
the  Tobacco  plant  in  the  beautiful  (Quarry  at  Shrews- 
bury. About  forty  of  the  plants  were  placed  in  the 
soil  in  May  last,  and  they  are  now  in  a  well-developed 
and  thriving  condition,  the  hot  weather  of  the  past 
few  days  having  accelerated  their  growth  in  a  striking 
degree.  They  are  dotted  about  amongst  groups  of 
Rhododendrons,  and  no  special  preparation  was  made 
by  way  of  enriching,  or  in  any  way  altering,  the 
nature  of  the  soil,  neither  has  any  special  care  been 
bestowed  upon  them.  They  were  simply  treated  as 
ordinary  plants,  and  therefore  the  result  of  the  experi- 
ment is  regarded  as  being  peculiarly  satisfactory.  The 
plants  stand  ,\  feet  high  ;  the  larger  leaves  are  2  feet 
long,  and  15  inches  wide  ;  and  the  stems  measure 
nearly  4  inches  in  circum'erence.  The  blossom— a 
bright  yellow  bell-shaped  flower— is  now  fast  fading, 
and  the  seed-pods  are  being  rapidly  formed  and  well 
filled.  The  leaves,  which  average  from  ten  to  twelve 
on  a  stem,  are  ripening  very  quickly,  and  should 
warm  weather  continue,  they  will  in  a  short  time  be 
perfectly  brown.  The  plants  are  being  grown  merely 
for  ornamental  purposes,  and  as  such  are  not  liable  to 
duty.   H. 

Carters'  Tobacco  Experiments.— I  took  advan- 
tage, with  some  friends,  a  short  time  since,  of  a  spare 
day   in   your    metropolis,    and    the   courtesy  of    this 
enterprising  Ilolborn  firm,   to  see  their  experiments 
in     Wheat      hybridisation      and     Tobacco     culture. 
Looking  over  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  this  morning, 
after  my  return  here,  I  find   you  allude  to  the  above, 
p.  274,  and,  I  am  sure,  with  your  customary  courtesy, 
you  will  allow  me  to  differ  from  your  representative, 
who  preceded   us  the  previous  day  there,  in  a   few 
particulars.     The   ground    would    seem    to   be  over, 
rather  than  under  an   English  acre,  and  instead  of 
being  well  suited  to  the  growth  of  the  Tobacco  plant, 
I    am    satisfied    Messrs.    Carter    or    their    excellent 
manager,  Mr.  Sharman,  will  be  unable  this  year,  to 
draw   any  accurate   conclusion   as   to    which    of  the 
varieties   is   the    most   suitable  for  growth  in   Great 
Biitain  or  Ireland.     The  lower  portion   of  the  field 
has  soil  about  4  inches  deep,  resting  on  a  bed  of  sand, 
and    even   these   few  inches    of  soil  seem  cold  and 
retentive  of  moisture— exactly  the  opposite  of  what 
the  Tobacco  requires.      The    higher    lying  portion, 
except  where  some  charred   ashes   were  scattered — 
and   which  the  crop   conspicuously  shows— I   would 
consider  also  as  of  secondary  fertility.     I  would  suggest 
that  the  results  be  carefully  noted  in  connection  with 
the  soil  formation,  but  that   no  conclusion  be  drawn 
as  to  which  is  the  most  suitable  variety,  until  alter  a 
further   trial    next    year    in    a    deeper,    richer,    and 
warmer  soil.     The  price,  we  understood  the  firm  had 
to  pay  for  the  temporary  use  of  the   field  seems  most 
exorbitant,  and  should  give  them  their  choice  of  any 
field  in  any  country  district  of  Kent.     I  am  growing 
a   small    quantity   for    experiment    myself,   and  have 
already  come  to  the  conclusion  that  depth  and  fer- 
tility   of    soil,    with   a   greater   or   less    quantity   of 
manure  either  in  the  garden  or  on  the   farm,  wholly 
alter  results.     Again  as  I  noted   in   the  visitors'  book 
at    Messrs.    Carters'   trial    grounds,    I    consider   six, 
rather  than  nine  large  le.aves  as  much  as  can  be  well 
matured  in  that  climate,  where  we  were  assured  frost 
has  appeared  in  mid-September,  and  this  opinion  was 
shared    by    several^   other    gentlemen    then     present. 
I  am  very  much  interested  in  those  experiments  in 
Ireland,  especially  in  this  locality,   where  many  still 
living,  remember  fields  of  Tobacco  being  grown,  before 
its  culture  was  prohibited.    W,  J,  Murfhv,  Clonmel. 
[We  think  the  land    under  Tobacco  at   Plaistow  is 
under  an  English  acre  ;  as  a  matter  of  (act  we  were 
told  by  the  person  in  charge  of  the  crop  that  it  was 
three-quarters  of  an  acre  ;  and  it  was  staled  in  our 
note  that  the  land  chosen   was  so  far  suited   to  the 
culture  in  being  sheltered.     The  bottom  of  the  field 
is  liable  to   flooding  from  a  ditch  close  by,  but  the 
soil  at  that  part  is  not  retentive,  but  is  a  black  sandy 
loam,  that  gets  too  much  moisture  at  times.    There  is 
not  much  to  be  gained  for  the  scheme  of  Tobacco 
culture  in  these  islands,  when   so  much  stress  is  laid 
on  the  quality  of  the  soil,  for,  as  a   matter  of  fact,  if 
it  is  of  average  qujliiy,  and  neither  heavy  nor  very 
light,  it  will  grow  good  Tobacco,  provided  the  proper 
sort  of  manure  be  given,  and  in  sufficient  quantity. 
I(  Tobacco  is  to  be  grown  by  farmers  it  must  accom- 
modate itself  to  great  varieties  of  soils,  or  it  will  be 
useless  as  a  field  crop.     I(  only  the  most  suitable  soils 
were  chosen  for  Wheat  it  would  be  a  prohibited  plant 
in  some  English  counties,    but   yet   we   find   Wheat 
grown  everywhere  with   varying  success.     It  is  well 
that   the  experiments  of  Messrs.   Carter  &  Co.    are 
carried  out  on  poorish  land,  and  not  on  that  which  is 
first-class,  for  if  the  plant  will  grow  well  at  Plaistow 


340 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  ii,  1886. 


it  will  certainly  do  still  better  on  richer  soils.  We 
think  it  will  be  advisable  to  await  the  results  of 
Messrs.  Carters'  public-spirited  enterprise  before  ven- 
turing to  give  a  decided  opinion  on  the  matter  one 
way  or  the  other.  Ed.] 

A  Floriferous  Stephanotis.— In  looking  through 
the  extensive  and  beautiful  gardens  at  Eastnor 
Castle,  near  Ledbury,  a  few  days  ago,  I  noticed 
in  one  of  the  many  houses  a  plant  of  Steph- 
anotis floribunda  growing  in  a  bed  at  the  end  of 
a  lean-to  house,  about  25  feet  long,  and  trained  to  a 
trellis  fixed  underneath  the  roof.  It  was  in  a  most 
flourishing  condition,  the  leaves  being  large,  and  of  a 
rich  dark  green  colour,  and  from  the  axils  of  which 
proceeded  large  trusses  of  its  ever-welcome  flowers, 
and  of  which  Mr.  Coleman,  who  is  as  much  at  home 
among  plants  and  Coniferae  as  he  is  among  hothouse 
fruits,  informed  me  there  had  been  1800  cut  within 
the  past  few  months.  The  toots  of  this  fine  plant 
are,  I  believe,  growing  in  a  mixture  of  peat  and  loam, 
rather  more  of  the  former  than  the  latter.  A  remark- 
ably fine  and  healthy  batch  of  plants  of  Eucharis 
amazonica,  growing  in  pots  on  the  bed  under- 
neath the  Stephanotis,  is  also  worthy  of  notice. 
The  shade  afforded  them  by  the  latter  evidently  suits 
the  Eucharis  plants,  as  there  was  not  a  scorched 
leaf  to  be  seen  in  the  house.  The  condition  of  the 
plants  gave  promise  of  a  rich  harvest  of  this  chaste 
and  much  esteemed  choice  flower,  the  supply  of 
which  is  not  likely  to  exceed  the  demand  in  any 
gardening  establishment.  Curiously  enough  the  same 
day  that  I  was  at  Eastnor,  I  saw  at  Devenham  Bank. 
Malvern,  a  house  the  fac-simile  of  the  one  of  which  I 
write,  and  in  which  the  Stephanotis  (also  trained 
under  the  roof)  and  Eucharis  plants  gave  proof,  like 
the  contents  of  the  several  Orchid-houses,  fruit- 
houses,  &c.,  that  the  treatment  accorded  them  by  Mr. 
Jaques  was  congenial  with  their  requirements.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  a  fine  batch  of  Eucharis  plants  at 
Madresfield  .Court,  also  growing  in  pots,  and  within 
two  miles  of  Malvern  Link.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  hear  from  Messrs.  Coleman,  Crump,  and  Jaques 
the  kind  of  compost  in  which  they  grow  their  Eucharis 
amazonicas  so  successfully,  and  the  general  con- 
ditions under  which  their  respective  collections  do  so 
well.  H.  IV,  /F.  [We  hope  the  gentlemen  in  ques- 
tion will  respond  to  the  invitation.   Ed.] 

Surplus  Gardeners,  and  What  to  Do  with 
Them. — Concerning  this  subject,  which  has  been 
treated  of  at  pp.  277  and  306,  I  might,  if  permissible, 
make  some  observations,  relate  experiences,  and 
offer  suggestions.  What  to  do  with  our  gardeners 
is  merely  another  form  of  stating  the  question 
what  to  do  with  our  boys,  with  a  somewhat 
more  limited  application,  and  both  questions 
are  constantly  recurring  in  all  over-populated 
countries.  In  spite  of  the  low  wages  and  the  length 
of  time  necessarily  spent  in  gaining  experience  and 
waiting  for  a  situation  as  head  gardener,  or  anything 
remunerative,  there  are  various  reasons  to  account 
for  the  surplus  of  labour  with  which  the  profession 
is  burdened.  Its  ranks  are  crowded  by  many 
who  believe  it  to  be  an  easy  occupation,  and  parents 
in  the  same  belief,  with  the  additional  attraction  of  a 
respectable  calling,  send  their  sons,  because  unable 
to  send  them  anywhere  else.  Numbers  fall  back 
upon  gardening  who  have  failed  in  other  pursuits, 
through  faults  or  inabilities  for  which  they  were  re- 
sponsible or,  it  may  be,  irresponsible,  and  hence  it  often 
happens  that  these  men  are  well  educated,  whether 
they  are  adapted  for  gardeners  or  not.  Fruit  and 
flowers  are  great  attractions,  and  easily  captivate  the 
mind  in  early  years,  and  many  could  doubtless  trace 
their  first  ideas  of  a  liking  for  gardening  to  the 
recollection  of  a  trip  to  some  well-kept  garden  which 
they  were  permitted  to  visit  by  way  of  a  school  treat 
in  some  country  place  or  village.  That  such  visits  and 
recollections  foster  a  love  of  gardening  there  can  be  little 
doubt,  and  such  are  legitimate  sourcesofsupplyof  young 
gardeners.  It  would  be  a  difficult  and  not  very  laud- 
able task  to  attempt  to  limit  the  supply,  and  one 
which  might  often  rob  the  profession  of  its  most  able 
and  deserving  members.  Many  gardens  are  almost 
worked  by  apprentices,  firstly,  because  their  labour  is 
cheap,  and  secondly,  because  it  is  more  under  the 
control  of  the  gardener ;  but  what  is  more  reprehensi- 
ble at  some  places,  is  the  fact  that  apprentices  are 
allowed  to  go  as  journeymen  after  two  years'  service. 
If  there  are  fewer  unemployed  in  this  than  other  pro- 
fessions generally,  it  must  be  accounted  for  by  their 
quiet  and  steady  demeanour,  for  if  not  contented 
with  their  modest  lot,  they  rarely  break  out  into  strikes 
and  other  disturbances.  The  unemployed  are  often 
those  who  succeed  in  obtaining  situations  for  summer 
only  in  places  where  fewer  hands  are  required  inwinter. 
As  a  counteraction  to  this  surplusage  of  labour,  many 
join  the  police  force,  enlist  as  soldiers,  go  abroad 
to  fill  situations  by  appointment,  or  go  on  chance  to 
rough  it  as  best  they  may.  Some  take  to  market 
gardening,  or  become  florists,  which  may  be  con- 
sidered a  fairly  legitimate  outcome  of  their  acquire- 
ments   and    well-earned    experience.       Not    a    few 


condescend  to  accept  what  is  termed  a  double-banded 
job,  that  is,  in  addition  to  gardening,  they  undertake 
to  mind  the  pony,  or  even  do  the  hall  boy's  work. 
That  such  is  not  very  creditable  in  some  instances  I 
admit,  but  refuse  to  accept  the  statement  tendered  by 
some,  that  it  lowers  or  debases  the  status  of  the  pro- 
fession. The  latter  need  never  fear  losing  its  best 
ornaments,  for  it  rarely  happens  that  a  man  of 
intelligence,  great  acquirements,  experience,  and  good 
behaviour,  will  condescend  to  accept  such  a  situation. 
On  the  other  hand,  many  a  gardener  could  turn  his 
talent  to  practical  account  in  teaching,  for  which  his 
early  training  in  many  instances  would  eminently  fit 
him.  Every  large  school  should  and  could  easily 
maintain  its  garden  and  lecturer,  or  gardener  whose 
duties  should  be  to  give  instruction  in  botany  and 
practical  horticulture  as  circumstances  might  require. 
A  practical  gardener  would  certainly  be  the  safest 
investment  for  such  a  school,  where  instruction  might 
be  disseminated  to  rich  aad  poor  alike.  In  these  days 
of  cram  it  would  be  impossible  for  the  regular  teacher 
of  a  school,  whose  duties  are  onerous  enough  already, 
to  undertake  such  additional  labour ;  besides  which 
he  would  be  greatly  deficient  in  those  qualities 
acquired  by  practice  only  during  years  of  untiring 
energy  and  patient  perseverance.  The  boys  belong- 
ing to  certain  standards  could  be  deputed  to  attend 
their  instruction  in  practical  horticulture  at  certain 
hours  of  the  day  or  days  of  the  week,  so  that  every- 
thing might  proceed  with  regularity,  and  be  as  prac- 
tical as  possible.  Evening  classes  might  also  be 
instituted  where  the  older  pupils  and  even  young 
gardeners  and  others  could  be  taught  botany,  mot- 


ject  to  mildew  here,  as  our  garden  is  situated  at  the 
bottom  of  a  narrow  valley  close  to  a  rivet  and 
a  large  pond,  and  we  are,  generally  speaking  4°  or  5' 
cooler  at  night  than  our  neighbours,  from  what  I 
have  seen  of  the  country  near  Mr.  Marriott,  it  is  very 
different  to  this,  and  I  can  quite  understand  that  he 
has  grown  the  above  Peas  without  being  troubled 
with  mildew.  lie  has  probably  a  deeper  and  richer 
soil  than  ours,  a  more  even  temperature,  and  does 
not  feel  the  effects  of  dry  weather  so  quickly.  We 
are  gaining  much  in  size  of  pods  with  these  newer 
varieties,  but  of  what  advantage  is  that  ?  The  pods 
are  only  thrown  away  when  they  get  to  the  kitchen, 
and  consequently  a  lot  of  the  plant's  energy  is  wasted. 
A  much  greater  quantity  of  Peas  is  obtained  from 
such  varieties  as  G.  F.  Wilson,  Goldfinder,  Standard, 
Marvel,  President  Garfield,  &c.,  and  I  could  not 
supply  a  large  family  from  a  very  small  kitchen 
garden  as  I  do  at  present  if  I  depended  on  the  large 
podded  varieties.  I  admit  the  smaller  pods  stand  a 
poor  chance  at  an  exhibition  with  the  majority  of 
judges.  But  why  should  size  alone  be  considered  ? 
In  these  day  of  strict  economy  and  keen  competition, 
we  want  the  largest  quantity  of  first-class  produce 
from  the  smallest  space.   IK  H.  Divers,  Ketton  Hall. 

Various  Plants  at  Chisvyick :  Hollyhocks.— 
In,  as  it  has  been  well  called,  the  revival  of  the 
Hollyhocks  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  at  Chis- 
wick  has  played  no  mean  part.  In  an  effectively 
planted  mixed  border  there,  some  90  to  100  feet  in 
length,  may  be  seen  a  noble  line  of  these  stately 
plants — veritable  floral  sentinels.     Used  as  a  back- 


FlG.  71,— XANTHOCHVMUS  FRUIT:  COLOUR  OUANGE  :  EDIBLE   (SEE  P.  336.) 


phology,  physiology,  or  horticulture  according  to  the 
desire  of  the  community.  In  the  case  of  smaller 
schools  two  or  more  might  combine  and  support  a 
garden  and  instructor  for  their  common  good.  The 
most  enterprising  nations  are  paying  great  attention 
to  the  education  of  their  subjects,  and  Britain  of  all 
nations  should  be  abreast  of  the  day  [but  is  not.  Ed.] 
J-F- 

Lythrum  Salicaria. — What  a  very  handsome  and 
stately  plant  is  this  purple  Loosestrife  !  I  lately 
noticed  a  fine  specimen,  about  4  feet  high,  in  Mr.  R. 
Dean's  seed  grounds  at  Bedfont,  its  long  perennial 
leafy  spikes  of  densely  whorled  flowers  making  it  a 
conspicuous  and  attractive  object,  the  damp  situation 
in  which  it  was  growing  seeming  to  "bring  out  "  its 
many  good  qualties.  B, 

Peas  mildewed  (p.307). — In  answer  to  Mr.  Mar- 
riott, I  consider  the  large  podded  varieties  failed  in 
this  respect  from  constitutional  weakness,  as  other 
varieties  with  smaller  pods,  sown  the  same  day,  side 
by  side,  and  treated  exactly  the  same,  escaped  the 
disease.  It  is  well  known  that  certain  atmospherical 
charges  which  cause  a  sudden  check  to  the  growth  of 
Peas  and  other  plants,  cause  also  an  outbreak  of  the 
above  disease,  and  when  the  smaller  and  more  robust 
growing  varieties  escape,  and  these  large  podded 
varieties  are  attacked,  it  is  a  plain  proof  that  the 
latter  are  not  so  well  able  to  withstand  the  attack.  I 
have  noticed  the  same  thing  in  former  seasons  with 
Telephone,  Evolution,  and  Culverwell's  Giant,  so 
much  so,  that  I  am  inclined  to  think  they  are  all  near 
relations  of  Prodigy,  or  rather  that  all  would  trace  back 
to  one  parent.     Unfortunately,  we  are  very  much  sub- 


ground  what  a  fine  effect  these  flowers  produce.  We 
append  names  of  a  few  of  the  most  striking  sorts : — 
Warrior,  a  fine  flower,  bright  crimson  colour ; 
Monarch,  same  colour,  a  good  variety  j  Diana, 
bright  red.  Good  yellows  are  Surprise,  Mandarin, 
and  Funia ;  Norma,  pure  white ;  Isabella,  pale 
blush  ;  Mrs.  Anstie,  bright  red  ;  Horace,  line  crim- 
son ;  Mrs.  Barnes,  delicate  pink  ;  Constance,  good 
salmon.  Asters. — From  that  land  of  fine  Asters, 
Germany,  Plerr  Ernst  Benary,  has  contributed  some 
good  Sowers  this  season  that  at  the  present  time  help 
to  impart  quite  a  lively  aspect  to  the  old  garden. 
Rose  Dark  Scarlet,  a  rich  dark  crimson  flower — one 
of  the  finest — very  noticeable  :  with  the  sun  full  upon 
it  how  grand  it  looks  1  Mignon,  pure  white,  good ; 
Dwarf  Pseony  Perfection,  a  dwarf  class  of  great 
beauty  of  various  hues  of  colour,  the  light  blues  very 
effective.  Another  charming  class,  too,  is  the  Lilli- 
put  flowered,  producing  small  flowers  in  great  abund- 
ance. Truffaut's  Pseony  flowered,  producing  flowers 
from  snow-white  to  purple-violet ;  large  flowered 
Rose,  splendid.  B, 


The  Last  of  Spiranthes  Romanzoviana. — 
The  following  letter,  received  this  morning  from  Mr. 
Gumbleton,  of  Belgrave,  Queenstown,  Co.  Cork, 
speaks  for  itself  : — "  I  think  it  may  interest  you  to 
bear,  and  perhaps  add  to  the  value  of  the  plants  I 
sent  you  last  year,  that  in  all  probability  Spiranthes 
Romanzoviana  will  very  soon  become  extinct,  and 
no  longer  be  obtainable  in  the  one  locality  in  Europe 
— in  the  neighbourhood  of  Castletown,  Burhaven — 
to  which  it  has  hitherto  been  indigenous,  for  on 
writing  recently  to  my  agent,  Mr.  Barrett,  who  sent 
you  the   plants,  to  ask   him   to  obtain  a  flowering 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


341 


specimen  of  this  rare  little  terrestrial  Orchid  for  Mr. 
Burbidge  to  draw,  he  sent  me,  a  few  days  afterwards, 
a  letter  from  his  friend,  Dr.  Armstrong,  who  had  col- 
lected the  plants  sent  to  you,  stating  that  on  going  to 
the  little  boggy  6eld  where  he  had  hitherto  seen  it  he 
found  the  little  plot  ploughed  and  planted  with 
Potatos;  and  on  going  to  the  only  other  locality 
where  he  had  ever  found  it — a   narrow  headland 


character  which  is  so  characteristic  of  the  British 
nation  above  all  others  in  matters  horticultural,  or, 
rather,  concerned  with  the  preservation  of  our  native 
flora.  An  Edelweiss  or  a  Gentian  can  receive  atten- 
tion at  the  hands  of  a  foreign  Government,  but  that 
this  sweet  little  plant,  that  is  a  thousand  times  more 
rare,  and  with  only  one  station  in  Europe,  has  been 
suffered  by  a  nation  professing  themselves  high  in 


Fig.  72— xanthochymus  pictorius,  botanic  garden,  chelsea,    (see  p.  336.) 


garden  at  Wallington  there  are  none  more  picturesque 
and  pleasing  than  the  noble  clump  of  Burdocks  by 
the  side  of  the  pretty  lake.  This  grand  weed  is  one 
of  the  chief  favourites  of  the  landscape  artist,  as  it 
makes  a  splendid  subject  for  the  foreground  and 
margin  of  streams.  The  bold  and  handsome  foliage 
has,  under  ordinary  aspects,  a  glorious  hue,  which 
affords  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the  more  lively  greens  of 
the  meadow-grass  and  summer  leafage.  The  Bur- 
docks referred  to  form  an  effective  foreground  to  a 
very  pretty  landscape,  especially  cool  and  inviting,  no 
doubt,  on  a  summer  evening.  A  broad  green  walk 
of  smooth  turf,  the  bold  margin  of  Burdocks,  the 
clear  water  of  the  lake  broken  here  and  there  by  rafts 
of  Water  Lilies,  green  slopes  on  the  opposite  side 
with  grand  masses  of  scarlet  Thorn  reflected  in  the 
water,  and  in  the  distance  clumps  of  Scotch  Fir  and 
other  trees  complete  the  picture.  Mr.  Smee  is  excep- 
tionally favoured  by  having  an  arm  of  the  Wandle  to 
flow  through  his  garden,  and  must  be  congratulated 
on  the  good  taste  apparent  in  the  disposal  of  it.  The 
little  combes  and  dingles,  musical  with  the  voice  of  tiny 
streams  dancing  .ind  sparkling  along  them,  are  just 
the  home  for  the  more  stately  species  of  British  Ferns  : 
Filix-fosmina,  Oimunda  regalis,  Lastrea  dilatata, 
Polystichum,  and  Scolopendrlum,  flourish  amazingly 
In  the  moist,  warm,  hazy  atmosphere.  Mr.  Smee 
holds  to  the  good  oM  custom  of  mixed  borders,  and 
there  Is  no  hard-and-fast  line  between  the  flower  and 
kitchen  gardens ;  there  Is  something  to  admire  at 
every  turn,  and  there  are  many  turns  in  this  fine 
garden.  The  Orchids,  of  which  there  were  numerous 
tjeautiful  specimens  in  a  cool,  shady  house,  were 
arranged  in  admirable  taste  ;  notwithstanding  these, 
however,  and  many  other  pretty  and  interesting  sub- 
jects, in  my  hasty  visit  the  features  that  Impressed 
me  most  were  the  grand  masses  of  Burdocks  by  the 
lake,  and  the  splendid  groups  of  Ferns  In  the  shady 
comijes.  T,  W.^  Harrow.  [The  Burdock  here  named 
is,  if  our  memory  serves  us,  the  Butterbur,  Petasites 
vulgaris.     Ed,] 

The  Hartstongue  (Cynoglossum  officinale). — 
Although  this  plant  has  a  disagreeable  smell,  yet  its 
good  habit  and  abundance  of  purplish-red  flowers 
should  alone  make  it  a  favourite.  On  some  of  our 
stony  wastes  along  the  sea  coast  it  is  now  blooming 
freely,  and  from  its  appearance  attracts  a  good  deal  of 
attention.  A.  D.  W. 


skirting  a  small  wood— he  found  it  turned  up  and 
bearing  a  crop  of  Oats."  Alas  I  it  is  to  be 
regretted  that  a  plant  so  lovely  and  so  full  of 
interest  to  every  British  botanist  should  now, 
under  such  trivial  circumstances,  become  a  thing 
of  the  past.  Why  steps  were  not  long  ago  taken 
by  the  Government  authorities  at  Kew  to  secure 
the,  I  may  say  valueless,  so  far  as  agricultural  pursuits 
are  concerned,  piece  of  ground  on  which  the  plant 
grew,ns  a  puzzle  to  more  persons  than  myself,  and 
could  only  emanate  from  that  well-known  lackadaisical 


botanic  matters  to  pass  into  oblivion,  is  a  matter  not 
only  of  shame  but  of  lasting  regret.  A.  D.  Webster, 
Landegai,  Bangor.  [We  share  our  correspondent's 
regret,  but  we  confess  to  no  feeling  of  bewilderment 
that  the  authorities  at  Kew  have  not  secured  the 
piece  of  ground  for  the  purpose  indicated.  Surely 
they  have  enough  to  do  without  that,  even  if  the 
Treasury  would  permit  such  a  scheme.     Ed.) 

Burdocks  and  Ferns. — Among  the  many  varied 
and   interesting  objects    of    Mr.    Smee's    delightful 


ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL  :     DAHLIA 
and  FRUIT  SHOW,  September  7  and  8. 

On  this  occasion  one  of  the  best  of  the  present 
season's  shows  of  the  Society  was  got  together,  thanks 
to  the  efforts  of  the  Society  and  of  the  donors  of 
special  prizes.  The  Dahlias  were  less  numerously 
represented  in  the  show  and  fancy  classes,  while  single, 
Cactus,  bouquet,  and  pompon  varieties  were  in  greater 
abundance  than  on  some  former  occasions. 

The  trade  exhibits  were  not  fewer  in  the  single 
flowered  class,  but  it  would  appear  that  as  a  decora- 
tive plant  Its  day  is  on  the  wane,  for  the  Cactus  and  the 
chaster  bouquet  varieties  are  'usurping  the  place  once 
held  by  the  single-flowered  Dahlia  amongst  those 
who  set  the  fashions  in  flowers. 

We  were  glad  to  see  a  well  known  firm — Messrs. 
C.  Lee  &  Son — put  in  an  appearance,  with  a  re- 
markable collection  of  leafy  shoots  and  perfect  plants 
of  trees  and  shrubs  possessing  variegated  or  coloured 
foliage. 

Mr,  Ware's  collection  of  flowers  in  season,  was 
likewise  greatly  admired  for  its  extent  and  variety  ; 
and  Messrs.  Kelway's  Gladioli  were  remarkably  fine. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present :  G.  F.  Wilson,  in  the  chair ;  and  Messrs, 
H.  Bennett,  W.  Bealby,  T.  Baines,  H.  Herbst,  J. 
Hudson,  R.  Dean,  A.  F.  Lendy,  J.  O'Brien,  J. 
Dominy,  C.  Noble,  H.  Turner,  G.  Paul,  C.  Dufiield, 
E.  Hill,  J.  Douglas,  W.  B.  Killock,  H.  Cannell,  J. 
Walker,  and  M.  T.  Masters. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 
showed  amongst  a  collection  of  hardy  subjects,  branches 
of  Ulmus  myrtifolia  purpurea,  a  handsome  and  distinct 
variety  ;  Hydrangea  paniculata,  with  immense  spikes  ;  and 
H.  nivea,  an  equally  large  truss,  with  while  flowers.  This 
latter  is  not  of  the  Chinese  hortensis  section,  but  is  of 
North  American  origin,  and  is  as  yet  rare  in  gardens. 
The  chief  other  exhibits  comprised  a  number  of 
varieties  of  Helianthus,  mostly  single  flowered  ;  Phila- 
delphus  coronarjus  variegatus,  a  very  boldly  marked  leaf 
of  white  and  green  ;  Ulmus  plumosa  aurea,  a  yellow- 
flowered  Rhus,  Shepherdia  argentea,  a  grey-green  leaf, 
the  under  side  silvery  ;  many  boxes  of  cut  blooms  of 
Roses  and  Dahlias,  some  Lilies,  and  a  variety  of  flowers 
of  herbaceous  plants. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  exhibited  several 
boxes  of  single  Dahlia,  pompons,  bouquet.  Cactus,  show 
and    fancy  sorts ;    Cactus   Dahlias  Lady  E.    Dyke,   3 


342 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[September  ii,  1886. 


bright  yellow  ;  Charming  Bride,  mauve  and  white,  very 
pretty  ;  and  Black  Knight,  a  very  dark  maroon,  were 
sdected  as  being  the  most  deserving  of  recognition. 
Blooms  of  single  and  double-flowered  Begonias  were  also 
sliown  by  Messrs.  Cannell. 

Mr.  H.  Ballanline,  gr.  to  Baron  Schroedcr,  exhibited 
a  plant  of  Vanda  Dearei,  a  poor  looking  species,  with 
whitish-yellow  flowers  (two)  ;  the  lip  is  yellow. 

G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  exhibited  a  well-bloomed  plant  of 
Lilium  auratum  platypetalum. 

Mr.  R.  Dean,  florist,  Ealing,  showed  cut  spikes  of 
handsome  kinds  of  Pentstemons. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nursery. 
Chelsea,  showed  a  new  Fern,  Davallia  retusa,  a  species 
from  Sumatra,  with  fronds  long  and  arching,  frondlets 
set  widely  apart,  as  also  the  wedge-shaped  pinnae — 
the  colour  of  the  plant  is  a  light  cheerful  shade  of  green, 
the  midrib  being  of  a  light  pink  colour,  and  the  habit 
light  and  open  ;  Phrynium  jucimdum,  a  Dieffenbachia- 
like  stove  herb  from  Dutch  Malaya,  with  long-stalked 
lanceolate  leaves,  foliage  variously  marked  with  white 
running  longitudinally  ;  Selaginella  gracilis  from  the 
South  Sea  Ii>Iands,  a  species  with  dark  green  fronds, 
umbrageous  in  habit,  densely  packed  with  minute  green 
leaves,  and  the  height  of  the  plant  observed  about  i  foot. 
Some  plants  of  Nephrolepis  rufescens  tripinnaufida  were 
also  shown  in  this  collection. 

Amongst  smaller  miscellaneous  subjects  may  be  men- 
tioned the  cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthemum  G.  Wermig, 
from  Mr.  Mortimer,  nurseryman,  Farnham  ;  Cactus, 
show  and  seedling  Dahlias,  from  Mr.  Humphries,  King- 
ton Langley  ;  a  scarlet  flake  Carnation  from  Messis, 
Laing,  Kelso  ;  a  very  fine  white  Mignonette  from  Mr. 
Bannister,  Cote  House.  Westbury-on-Trim  ;  Lilium 
auratum  from  Mr.  Maillard,  3,  Artesian  Road,  Bays- 
water  ;  Tea  Roses  came  from  Mr.  Prince,  Oxford  ; 
Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Salisbury,  showed 
Cactus  Dahlia  Colonist,  a  yellow  suffused  centre,  flamed 
with  scarlet;  Mr.  Gordon,  plant  and  bulb  importer, 
Twickenham,  had  a  number  of  plants  of  Lilium  aureum 
var.  virginalis,  a  white  lorm  with  faint  yellow  bands  on 
the  inner  middle  part  of  each  petal  ;  the  New  Plant  and 
Bulb  Co.,  Colchester,  showed  a  collection  of  Lilies, 
chiefly  aureum  and  lancifolium  rubrum  ;  Mr.  John 
Walker,  Thame,  showed  seventy-two  varieties  of  quilled 
Asters,  choice  in  form  and  colour. 

From  Messrs.  Heath.  Cheltenham,  a  single-spiked 
plant  of  Dendrobium  ciliatum,  and  a  plant  of  Odonto- 
glossum  mirandum. 

From  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Albans,  came  a 
large  basket  filled  with  young  plants  of  Galeandra 
Baueri,  several  flowers  on  each  being  open,  making  as  a 
whole  a  pleasant  sight. 

Messrs.  Charles  Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  had 
placed  a  conspicuous  group  of  coloured  foliage,  plants 
and  shoots,  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  conservatory.  We 
noticed  amongst  them  Acer  Reitembachi,  a  variety  with 
very  dark  leaves  ;  A.  colchicum  rubrum,  with  reddish- 
bronze  leaves  ;  A.  Schwedleri,  not  so  good  as  usual, 
owing  probably  to  drought  ;  Bignonia  syringcefoha 
aurea,  very  robust  yellow-leaved  plant  ;  a  variegated 
form  of  Althea  frutex  ;  gold  and  silver  variegated 
Euonymus  japonicus,  Castanea  vesca,  with  normal-sized 
foliage,  which  is  margined  with  white — a  fine  subject ; 
Cerasus  mahaleb  variegata,  Juglans  sinensis,  an  edible 
Nut-bearing  species,  with  finely  laciniate  fohage,  growing 
when  mature  to  the  height  of  30  teet  only  ;  Quercus  serrata, 
entire  leafed,  acutely  toothed  on  the  edge  of  the  leaf ; 
Q.  laurifolia,  a  handsome  species,  with  leaves  entire, 
about  9  inches  in  length  ;  Q.  robur  elegantissima,  with 
white  variegation  on  the  leaf;  a  variety  of  Cornus  mas, 
with  a  better  form  of  variegation  than  is  usually  found 
on  that  species  ;  Pyrus  sorbifolia  vestita.  a  bold  leaf  with 
a  grey  tomentum  on  the  under  side  ;  Sambucus  laciniata 
variegata,  very  pretty  white  and  green  leaves,  especially 
the  young  terminal  ones  ;  Salisburia  adiantifolia  aurea, 
ihe  leaves  striped  irregularly  with  yellow  ;  and,  lastly. 
Acacia  angustifolia  elegans,  the  handsomest  of  all  the 
hardy  Acacias. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware.  Hale  Farm.  Tottenham,  showed 
large  numbers  of  cut  blooms  of  Dahlias  of  all  the  sec- 
tions. Lilies,  Tritomas,  Nerines,  Tigridia  conchiflora  var. 
Warei,  of  a  shade  of  yellow  ;  several  dwarf  shrubby 
Veronicas,  as  carnosula,  Chalhamica,  pinguifolia,  and 
buxifolia  ;  Phloxes,  Poppies,  and  many  others,  the 
whole  being  a  dazzling  display  at  the  back  of  the  con- 
servatory. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  showed 
many  boxes  of  cut  blooms  of  Roses,  and  a  basket  of 
flowers  and  fruit  of  Rosa  rugosa,  and  Rosa  pomifera  in 
tlower  and  fruit. 

Messrs.  Vilmorin,  Andrieux  et  Cie.  Paris,  showed  a 
number  of  cut  blooms  of  Asters. 

Messrs.  Kelway  contributed  a  large  collection  of  cut 
Gladiolus  spikes,  pretty  quilled  Asters,  Gaillardias,  &c. 

In  an  extra  special  class,  a  first  prize  was  bestowed  on 
Mrs.  Sotheram,  Lyndhurst.  New  Brighton,  for  four 
cases  of  flowers,  dried  of  their  natural  colours.  The 
flowers  were  arranged  bouquet-wise,  as  medallions  in  a 
frame,  and  at  a  distance  resembled  a  coloured  drawing  of 
flowers  and  foliage  rather  than  dried  specimens. 

First-Class  Certificates. 

To  Baron  Schrceder,  for  Vanda  Dearei. 

To  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons,  for  single  Dahlia  Mrs. 
Kennelt. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Charmirg  Bride. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Lady  E.  Dyke. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Black  Knight. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Phrynium  jucundum 
and  Davallia  retusa. 

To  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams,  &  Co.,  for  Dahlia 
Colonist. 

To  Messrs.  Rawlings  Brothers,  for  Dahlia  Mrs, 
Theobald. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  J.  K.  L^ne,  E^q.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  J.  Burnett,  T.  J.  Siltmavsh,  G.  T.  Mil^s, 
J.  Roberts,  W.  Warren,  W.  Paul,  G.  Goldsmith,  G. 
Norman,  J.  Willard,  P,  Crowley,  R.  D.  Blackmore, 
and  G.  Bunyard, 

Show  or  Hardy  Fruits. 

For  the  best  collections  of  Grapes,  Alicante,  two 
bunches.— 1st,  Mr.  Taylor,  gr.  to  J.  Chaflin,  Esq.,  Bath  ; 
one  of  the  bunches  shown  was  a  very  fine  one — equal  to 
5  lb.,  the  other  being  smaller;  in  colour,  bloom,  and 
size  of  berries  generally  nothing  could  ba  much  better  ; 
a  few  unfertilised  berries  were,  however,  observed  in 
them.  2d,  Mr.  Hollingworth,  gr.  to  f.  F.  Campbell, 
Esq, ,  U  tto.xeter — symmetrical  bunches,  good  in  colour  and 
berry  ;  3d,  Mr.  Hoare,  gr.  to  H.  Taylor,  Esq.,  Park 
Hill,  Streatham  Common,  colour  and  bloom  good,  but 
with  unevenness  in  the  berries.     Five  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Alnwick  Seedling, — ist,  Mr.  Taylor, 
compact  bunches,  faultless  in  colour  and  bloom  ;  ad, 
Mr.  Drinkwater.  gr.  to  C.  Bell,  Esq  ,  Esq,,  Fairley  Hall, 
Cheadle.  the  bunches  having  the  usual  divided  appear- 
ance, as  if  of  two  shoulders,  bloom  capital,  berries  large 
and  even  ;  3d,  Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Harring- 
ton, Elvasion  Castle,  with  small  bunches.  Eight  lots 
were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh. — ist,  Mr.  ]. 
Roberts,  gr.  to  Messrs.  Rothschild,  at  Gunnersbury 
Park,    rath  r  smallish,   compact,   well-formed  bunches, 


colour  and  bloom  being  lair  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Huds 
H.J.  AikinFon,  Esq  ,  Gunnersbury  House,  well  colourt-d, 
smallish  berries,  bloom  somewhat  deficient  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Spencer,  gr.  to  H.  C.  Moffat,  Esq.,  Goodrich  Court. 
Ross,  large  sprawling  bunches,  but  with  berries  having 
good  points. 

Two  bunches  of  Black  Prince, — 1st,  Mr.  Goldsmith, 
bunches  regular  in  form,  bloom  not  good  ;  2d,  Mr.  Baird, 
gr.  to  C.  A.  Daw,  Esq.,  Homefield,  Ealing.  No  others 
were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Buckland  Sweetwater. — 1st,  Mr. 
Lockie.  gr.  to  Colonel  Talbot,  Oatley  Court.  Windsor,  ex- 
cellent in  bunch  and  berries,  and  ripe  ;  2d,  Mr.  [.Roberts, 
compact,  smaller  bunches  ;  3d.  Mr.  Ward,  gr.,  Long- 
ford  Castle,  bloom  and  colour  good,  nice  bunches,  but 
with  some  seedless  berries.     Five  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Duke  of  Buccleuch.  — 1st,  Mr.  Allen, 
gr.  to  Lord  Suffield,  Gunton  Park,  large  berried,  but  un- 
equal bunches,  well  matured;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Wallis,  gr.  to 
the  Rev.  W.  Sneyd,  Keele  Hall,  the  berries  were  of 
a  great  size,  and  were  liberally  thinned  ;  3d,  Mr.  Good- 
acre.     Four  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Foster's  Seedling.— 1st,  Mr.  J. 
Roberts,  with  fine  handsome  bunches — colour  a  rich 
yellow  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  gr.  to  Lord  Carington, 
Wycombe  Abbey,  with  bunches  as  large  as  the  fore- 
going, but  looser  ;  3d,  Mr.  Ward,  gr.,  Longford  Castle. 
Two  bunches  of  Gros  Colmar. — 1st,  Mr.  W.  Elphin- 
stone,  gr.,  Shipley  Hall,  Derbv,  with  medium-sized 
bunches  and  handsome  berries  ;'  2d,  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles, 
with  smaller  bunches,  exceeding  the  others  in  bloom 
and  size  of  berries  ;  3d,  Mr.  Wright,  gr.  to  C.  Camp- 
bell, Esq.,  Glewston  Court,  Ross.  Only  the  above  were 
shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Gros  Guillaume. — ist,  Mr.  Ward,  gr., 
Longford  Castle — very  large,  symetrically  formed  bunches, 
colour  not  good  ;  2d,  Mr.  Spencer — loose  bunches, 
colour  good,  but  had  suffered  in  transit  ;  3d,  Mr.  G.  T. 
Miles.     Four  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Gros  Maroc— 1st.  Mr.  W.Taylor, 
with  one  large  bunch  and  one  smaller — huge  berries, 
colour  and  bloom  good  ;  2d,  Mr.  VVaUis — small  cocnpact 
bunches  ;  3d,  Mr.  Elphinstone — nice  bunches  of  unequal 
size.     Six  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Lady  Downes. — ist,  Mr.  Osman,  gr. 
to  L.  J.  Biker,  Esq.,  Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey— well- 
formed  bunches,  not  good  in  colour  ;  2d,  Mr.  Holling- 
worth— bundles  too  much  packed  with  berries,  colour 
and  bloom  very  good  ;  3d,  Mr.  Wallis.  Nine  lots  were 
shown,  but  one  of  these  was  Mrs.  Pince,  shown  in  error. 
Two  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court. — 1st,  Mr,  Taylor, 
symmetrical  bunches,  but  too  many  imfertiUsed  berries, 
colour  and  bloom  were  good  ;  2d,  Mr.  Bury.  gr.  to  A. 
Richards,  Esq  ,  Forest  HiU,  symmetrical,  smaller 
bunches,  and  good  in  all  other  points  ;  3d,  Mr.  Good- 
acre,  with  nice  bunches,  and  all  necessary  good  points. 
Seven  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Mrs.  Pearson. — ist,  Mr.  Osman,  with 
bunches  of  a  large  size,  berries  small  and  uneven,  green 
in  colour;  2d,  Mr.  ).  Roberts,  small  bunches,  quite 
ripe,  colour  good  ;  3d,  Mr.  Wallis.  Four  lots  were 
shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Mrs.  Pince. — ist,  Mr.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the 
Marquis  of  Bath,  Longleat,  very  massive  bunches,  size 
of  berries  very  large,  the  bloom  capital  ;  2d,  Mr.  Hors- 
man,  gr.  to  Lord  Heytesbury.  Heytesbury  Park,  Wilts, 
with  fair-sized  bunches,  small  berries  ;  3d,  Mr.  A. 
Miller,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Longley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood  Ashton 
Court,  Trowbridge.     Five  lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Muscat  Hamburgh. — ist,  Mr.  Good- 
acre,  with  massive  bunches,  well  shouldered,  medium- 
sized  berries  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cooper,  gr.  to  —  Yeatman,  Esq., 
Widmore,  Bromley,  Kent  ;  3d,  Mr.  Horsficld.  Five 
lots  were  shown. 

Two  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Ale.xandria.— ist,  Mr.  W. 
Pratt,  with  very  fine  examples,  massive,  well  set  up, 
berries  Lrge,  and  colour  a  rich  yellow  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Gray, 
gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Stanhope,  Chevening,  Sevenoaks, 
solid  bunches,  of  good  colour,  und  fine  berries  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Roberts.     Eight  lots  were  shown. 

Two    bunches    of  White  Tokay.— ist,    Mr.    Holling- 
worth,   with   very   large    bunches — compact,    but    with 
many  small  berries  ;    2d,  Mr.    Wallis,   with   specimens 
that  were  smaller,  greener,  and  looser. 
Two  bunches  of  any  other  variety  of  Grapes.  — ist. 


Mr.  Spencer;  2d,  Mr.  Wells,  gr.  to  B.  Ravenshill, 
Fern  Hill,  Windsor  Forest  ;  3d,  Mr.  Hollingworth, 
with  large  and  compact  Trebbiano. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Go's  Special  Prizes. 
Best  dish  of  Dedham  Favourite  Tomatos.-^ist,  Mr. 
T.  A.  Beckett.  Cole   Hatch   Farm.  Amersham  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Waite,   Glenhurst,    Esher  ;  3d,  Mr.  Harris,  Bradenham, 
High  Wycombe,  with  Carter's  Perfection. 

Messrs.  SaTTON  &  Son's  Special  Prizes. 

For  the  best  six  specimens  of  .Sutton's  Early  Gem 
Carrots. — lU,  Mf.  Richards,  gr.  to  Lord  Normanfn, 
Somerley,  Hants,  with  roots  that  were  short  and  thick, 
like  Early  Nantes,  but  larger  than  that  kind  ever  grows  ; 
2d,  Mr.  Mead,  Becket  Garden,  Shrivenham  ;  3d.  Mr.  R. 
Lye,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  Sydmonion  Court, 
Newbury. 

For  the  best  twelve  specimens  either  of  Sutton's  Per- 
fection, Sutton's  Abundance,  or  Sutton's  Maincrtip 
Tomatos.— ist,  Mr.  T.  Lockie,  with  Maincrop  ;  2d.  Mr. 
Waite,  with  Perfection  ;  3d,  Mr.  Beckett,  with  the  san.e 
kind. 

Miscellaneous. 

A  collection  of  eighteen  Melons,  in  variety,  was  shown 
by  Mr.  C.  }.  Goldsmith,  they  were  medium-sized  speci- 
mens of  well  known  kinds. 

Mr.  Myles.  Wycombe  .A.bbey,  showed  a  large  punnet 
of  President  Strawberries  in  capital  form. 

Mr.  Burnett,  The  Deepdene,  Dorking,  showed  Beurr^ 
President  d'Artois,  an  inferior  but  good  looking  fruit. 

Mr.  Blundell  showed  Plums  and  Apples. 

Messrs.  Vilmorin,  Andrieux  &  Co.,  sent  a  large  collec- 
tion of  Butter  Beans,  very  varied  as  to  colour,  which  do 
not  look  like  the  Beans  we  are  accustomed  to,  but  they 
are,  neverthekss,  very  good  eating. 

Messrs.  Veitch  &  Son,  sent  a  collection  of  Carrots 
grown  at  their  trial  grounds  at  Chiswick,  and  a  very  fine 
selection  of  Apples  grown  by  them  at  Fulham. 

Mesirs.  Lane  &  Son,  Berhampstead,  showed  excellent 
Vines  in  pots,  profusely  fruited,  consisting  of  Foster's 
Seedling  Alicante,  and  Black  Hamburgh. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul,  Waltham  Cross,  showed  a  very 
numerous  lot  of  dishes  of  Apples. 

Mr.  Roupell,  Harvey  Lodge,  Roupell  Park  Road, 
S.W.,  showed  a  variety  of  Frontignan  Grapes  in  pois  ; 
and  cut  bunches  of  many  of  this  section  which  is  so  ap- 
proved for  richness  and  piquancy  of  flavour.  Excellent 
bunches  of  Madresfield  Court,  Muscat  Hamburgh,  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  were  shown  from  Mr.  Roupell's 
garden. 

The    Dahlia    Exhibition. 

A  very  pleasant  exhibition  of  Dahlias  took  place  on 
this  occasion,  though  only  three  classes  were  provided, 
but  the  competition  was  decidedly  good  in  all.  There 
were  seven  competitors  in  the  class  for  twenty-four  dis- 
tinct blooms,  show  and  fancy  varieties  being  allowed, 
though  only  a  very  few  of  the  latter  were  shown,  and 
the  competition  was  very  keen,  and  it  was  necessary  on 
the  part  of  the  judges  to  scan  the  individual  flowers 
with  the  closest  attention.  Eventually  Mr.  Charles 
Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  was  placed  1st  with  a  very 
good  lot,  though  not  quite  up  to  the  quality  of  those 
seen  at  the  Crystal  Palace  on  the  3d  inst.  The  Slough 
flowers  consisted  of  Julia  Wyatt,  Imperial,  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone, Harry  Keith,  Constancy,  Bendigo  (new),  Henry 
Walton,  Hugh  Ausiin.  Royal  Queen,  Prince  Bismarck, 
Gaiety,  Sunbeam,  Mrs.  F.  Foreman,  James  Cocker, 
Herbert  Turner,  Duchess  of  Albany,  Mrs.  Foster,  Hon. 
Mrs.  P.  Wyndham,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Wm. 
Rowlings,  John  Standish,  Clara,  and  a  seedling.  Equal 
2d,  Messrs,  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Castle  Street 
Nursery,  Salisbury  ;  and  Mr.  John  Walker,  nurseryman, 
Thame — two  stands  that  came  very  close  together  indeed 
when  the  individual  blooms  were  compared  one  with  the 
other.  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  had  Imperial,  Royal 
CJueen,  Henry  Walton,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Buttercup,  Miss 
Cannell,  Harry  Keith,  Mrs.  Foreman,  Wm.  Rawlings, 
George  Barnes,  Gloire  de  Lyon,  Mrs.  Jefford,  Thonins 
Hobbs.  Hugh  Austin,  Mrs.  Shirley  Hibberd,  Charles 
Wyatt,  Harrison  Weir,  Ethel  Brit  ton.  General 
Gordon,  Ruby  Gem,  Mrs.  George  Rawlings,  De- 
fiance (new),  Mrs.  Gladstone,  and  Mrs.  Glasscock. 
Mr.  Walker  had  rather  smaller  but  nice  fresh  clean 
blooms  of  Royal  Queen,  Herbert  Turner,  Alex.  Cramond, 
Mrs.  Gladstone,  Charles  Wyatt,  Acme  of  Perfection. 
John  Henshaw,  Mr.  S.  Hibberd,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Mrs. 
RawHngs,  James  Vick,  Mr.  Walker,  Harrison  Weir, 
Julia  Wyatt,  James  Cocker,  Seraph,  John  Standish, 
Countess  of  Ravensworth,  Earl  of  Ravensworth,  Mr, 
Foreman,  Mrs.  Langtry,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Flora  Wyatt, 
and  Hope  ;  3d,  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  florists, 
Romford. 

Pompon  Dahlias,  shown  in  bunches  of  not  more  than 
ten  blooms  of  twenty-four  varieties,  made  a  very  fine 
display,  and  their  value  as  decorative  objects  was  seen 
to  the  best  advantage.  Again  was  IMr.  C.  Turner  ist, 
with  a  very  fine  lot,  the  blooms  medium-sized  and  even, 
fresh  and  bright,  the  varieties  being  Louis  Rodani, 
E.  F.  Jungker,  Fair  Helen,  Darkness,  Hedwig  Polwiz, 
Rosalie,  White  Aster.  Comtesse  Von  Sternberg,  Cupid, 
Ernest,  Eccentric,  Thomas  Moore,  Rosetta.  Dora,  The 
Khedive,  Gem,  Nymph,  Golden  Gem,  Little  I'rincess, 
Isabel,  Favourite,  Titania,  Fanny  Weimer,  and  Lady 
Blanche.  Equal  2d,  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  and  Messrs. 
J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Crawley.  The  former 
had  a  fine  lot,  but  a  few  of  the  flowers  were  over  large 
and  a  little  stale.  Their  leading  varieties  were  Rosalie, 
Sappho,  Gem,  Catherine,  White  Aster,  E.  F.  Jungker, 
Darkness,  Little  Duchess,  Lady  Blanche,  Hebe,  Isabel. 
Favourite,  Karl  Goldenberg,  Fashion,  Dora,  Northern 
Light,  and  Rosetta.  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons  had 
a  nice  fresh  lot,  including  Little  Duchess,  Crawley  Gem, 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


343 


Comtesse  von  Sternberg,  Little  Bobby,  Isabel,  Dora, 
Cupid,  E.  F.  Junt^ker,  Guiding  Star,  Favourite,  Dark- 
ness,  Fair  Helen,  Golden  Gem,  and  Prince  of  Liliputians. 
3d,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nursery,  Cheshunt.  Four 
stands  competed. 

There  were  also  four  stands  of  single  Dahlias,  and  it  is 
doubtful  if  ever  before  a  better  collection  so  admirably 
arranged  was  set  up  than  that  by  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  & 
Son  on  this  occasion,  which  won  the  ist  prize  ;  tlie 
varieties  were  Edith,  Mrs.  Walker,  Paragon,  Formosa, 
Juno,  Miss  Linaker,  Primrose,  Rosalind,  Mrs.  Ker^weU, 
primrose,  heavily  flaked,  and  pencilled  with  bright 
maroon-crimson  ;  White  Queen,  Helena,  Negress, 
Henry  Irving,  Miss  Bowman,  .\lba  perfects,  Charles 
Laws,  Silver  King,  Hugo,  Amos  Perry,  Dorothy  Fell, 
Alfonso,  Brutus,  and  Sunset.  2d,  Mr.  Charles  Turner, 
with  a  remarkably  good  collection,  shown  in  excellent 
bunches,  the  varieties  being  Negress,  Alba,  Lady  of  the 
Lake,  Fai^hion,  Huntsman,  Evening  Star,  Ellen  Terry, 
Lutea  grandiflora,  Zephyr,  Foxhall,  Miss  Bowman, 
Cherry,  Rupert,  Rosalind,  Duchess  of  Westminster, 
Harlequin,  Paragon,  Sunset.  Miss  Mary  Anderson, 
Dorothy.  Defiance,  Queen  of  Singles,  Acquisition,  and 
Sunbeam.     3d,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt. 

First-class  Certificates  of  merit  were  awarded  as  fol- 
lows : — 

To  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  for  Colonist,  a  very  dis- 
tinct show  variety,  but  not  shown  in  such  good  condition 
as  at  the  Crystal  Palace  on  Friday,  the  3d. 

To  Messrs.  RawUngs  Bros.,  for  Mr.  Theobald,  clear 
lilac  pink. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  for  single  Dahlia  Mrs. 
Kerswell,  a  charming  striped  flower. 

Mr.  J.  R.  Tranter  had  his  new  yellow  seedling,  Nellie 
Tranter,  but  it  did  not  find  the  same  amount  of  recog- 
nition here  as  when  it  was  recently  awarded  a  Certificate 
at  the  Crystal  Palace.  There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the 
storm  of  Saturday  last  materially  affected  the  Dahlias, 
and  prevented  the  seedlings  being  shown  in  such  good 
form  as  if  the  dry  weather  had  continued. 


CRYSTAL  PALACE  GRAND  NATIONAL 
DAHLIA  SHOW. 

All  things  considered,  the  Grand  National  Dahlia 
Show  on  September  3  and  4  was  a  remarkably  t^ood 
one.  Dahlia  cultivators  are  agreed  that  the  season 
has  proved  a  very  trying  one.  Dahlias  were  late  in 
making  a  kindly  growth,  but  when  they  did  so  they 
progressed  very  last,  aided  by  the  frequent  rains  of 
July  and  the  early  part  of  August.  The  hot  weather 
during  the  closing  days  of  July  told  severely  on  many 
of  the  bloom"!,  still  a  good  show  resulted.  As  u^ual 
the  Dahlia  show  was  arranged  under  the  weitern 
portion  of  the  nave. 

Show  Dahlias  :  Nurserymen. 

There  were  six  competitors  in  the  class  for  forty- 
eii^ht  blooms,  distinct,  and  two  stands — those  of 
Mr.  Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough,  and 
Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Castle  Street 
Nursery,  Salisbury,  came  so  close  together  that  the 
exptrlenced  judges  were  a  considerable  time  in 
reaching  a  decision.  Eventually  they  were  placed 
equal  ist,  the  1st  and  2d  prizes  to  be  equally  divided 
between  them.  Some  thought  the  Slough  flowers 
had  a  "  pull  "  over  those  from  Salisbury  blooms,  but 
we  think  the  decision  of  the  judges  a  just  and 
proper  one.  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  had  splendid 
blooms  of  Imperia',  Mrs.  Langtry,  Mr.  Spoftbrlh, 
Mrs.  W.  Slack,  Harry  Keith,  Buttercup,  Miss 
Cannell,  James  Cocker,  Cardinal,  and  Clara  Wyatt. 
Mr.  Turner  had  Mrs.  W.  Slack  and  Seedling, 
S  atesman,  Harry  Keith,  John  Wyatt,  Sunbeam ; 
3d,  Mr.  William  Boston,  Manor  Farm  Nurserie?, 
Carthorpe,  Bedale  ;  4th,  Messrs.  Heath  &  Son,  nur- 
serymen, Cheltenham. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  show  varieties  for  nur- 
serymen, not  b^howing  in  the  previous  class  :— Seven 
collections  were  staged,  and  Mr.  John  Walker, 
nurseryman,  Thame,  was  1st  with  a  very  good  stand 
indeed,  consisting  of  Rebecca,  J.  N.  Keynes,  Mrs. 
RawUngs,  Vice  President,  Mrs.  F.  Foreman,  Mr?. 
Shirley  Hibberd,  George  Rawlings,  Annie  Neville, 
Flora  Wyatt ;  2d,  Messrs.  Charles  Kimberley  &  Son, 
Stoke  Nursery,  near  Coventry,  whose  best  flowers 
were  Barnaby  Rudge,  Harrison  Weir,  Mrs.  F.  Fore- 
man ;  3'^,  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons,  nurserymen, 
Bedale,  Vorks  ;  4ih,  Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Sons,  nur- 
serymen, Chelmsford. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  bloonii,  open  to  those  who 
had  not  competed  in  the  t*o  preceding  ones,  there 
were  four  competitors,  and  the  prizes  were  awarded 
as  follows:  —  1st,  Mr.  G.  Humphries,  Kingston, 
Langley,  Chippenham  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros., 
florists,  Romford  ;  3d,  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Howe 
House  Nurseries,  Cambridge  ;  4'h,  Messrs.  J.  Cheal 
iN:  .S^n,  Lowfield  Nurseries,  Crawley. 

Show  Dahll\s  :  Amateurs. 

The  class  for  twenty-four  varieties  brought  four 
competitors,  and  Mr.  R  .  Petfield,  gr.  to  A.  J. 
Thornhill,  Esq.,  Diddington,  Buckden,  Huntingdon, 
was  ist,  with  a  remarkably  good  lot  ;  2d,  Henry 
Glasscock,  Esq.,  Rye  Street,  Bishop's  Stortford ; 
3d,  Mr.  Thomas  Hobbs,  Lower  Easton,  Bristol. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties,  there  were  fourteen 
competing  collections,  the  1st  prize  was  awarded  to 


Mr.  Charles  Hockney,  Greenfield  House,  Stokesley  ; 
2d,  Mr.  J.  R.  Tranter,  Upper  Assenden,  Henley-on- 
Thames  ;  3rd,  Mr.  W.  H.  Apthorpe,  Albion  Brewery, 
Cambridge. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties,  there  were  ten  collec- 
tions, and  here  Mr.  Ja?.  Perkins,  London  Road. 
Chippenham,  was  1st  with  Mrs.  Langtry,  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone, James  Stephen,  Hope,  Mrs.  Harris,  and 
Aurora  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  Tunbridge,  gr.  to  the  Rev,  Wm. 
Trimmer,  Broomfield,  Chelmsford ;  3d,  Mr.  H. 
Steer,  New  Elthano,  Kent ;  4th,  Mr.  T.  W.  Girdle- 
stone,  Sunningdale,  Berks. 

Fancv  Dahlias:  Nurserymen. 

There  were  four  collections  of  twenty-four  varieties, 
and  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  were  1st  with  a 
superb  collection,  consisting  of  James  O'Brien, 
Duchess  of  Albany,  Pelican,  General  Grant.  Gaiety 
Sport,  Miis  Letty  Lirge,  Fanny  Sturt,  Hercules, 
Adventure,  Gaiety,  Rev.  J.  B.  M'Camm,  Henry 
Eckford,  Mrs.  Friselton,  and  Charles  Wyatt  ;  2  J, 
Mr.  Charles  Turner,  with  good  blooms  of  the  follow- 
ing :— Grand  Sultan,  Professor  Fawcett,  Chorister, 
and  Hugh  Austin  ;  3-!,  Mr.  W.  Boston  ;  4th,  Mr. 
H.  Clarke,  Rodley,  near  Leeds. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties  there  were  nine 
competing  collcciion^;,  and  Mr.  John  Walker  was  1st 
with  Clara  Wyatt,  John  Salter,  Fanny  Sturt,  Flora 
Wyatt,  John  Forbes,  Professor  Fawcett,  Tippy  B^b, 
Chorister,  Peacock,  Miss  Browning.  Florence  Stark, 
and  Prospero — a  very  good  lot  indeed  ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Humphries  ;  3d.  Mr.  M.  Campbell,  nurseryman, 
Auchinraith,  N.B.  ;  4th,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old 
Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 

Fancv  Dahlias  :  Amateurs. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties,  Mr.  C.  Hockney 
was  1st  with  a  good  lot,  consisting  of  George  Barnes, 
Fanny  Sturt,  Gaiety,  and  Mrs.  N.  Halls  ;  2d,  Mr.  K. 
Petfield  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Vmcent,  gr.,  Keyraer.  Five 
collections  competed  in  this  class. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties,  there  were  fifteen  ol- 
lections,  and  Mr.  Arthur  Whilton,  Askew,  was  1st 
with  Mrs.  N.  Halls,  Hugh  Austin,  Florence  Stark, 
Trotty  Veck,  Mrs.  Saunders,  and  Clara  Wyalt  ;  2d, 
Mr.  J.  T.  West,  gr.  to  \V.  Keith,  Esq..  Cornwalls, 
Brentwood  ;  3d,  Mr.  Jas.  Perkins,  Chippenham. 

Premier  Flowers. 
The  best  show  Dahlia  selected  from  the  entire  ex* 
hibiiion   was  John   Standish,    shown   by   Mr.    John 
Walker  ;  and  the  best  fancy  variety,  Henry  Eckford, 
shown  by  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co. 

Pompon  Dahlias. 

These  were  as  usual  finely  shown  in  bunches  of  not 
more  than  ten  varieties,  and  they  made  a  very  fine 
display,  as  four  collections  competed.  Mr.  C.  Tur- 
ner was  Ist,  in  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties  with 
a  remarkably  fine  lot  ;  2d,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams, 
&  Co.  ;  3d,  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Son=,  Crawley  ; 
4th,  Messrs.  J.  Gilbert  l\:  Sons,  Sf.  Margaret's 
Nursery,  Ipswich 

In  the  class  for  twelve  bunches,  open  to  those  not 
competing  in  the  previous  one,  there  were  seven  com- 
petitors.— Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  were  placed 
1st  with  a  fine  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Henshaw,  Roth- 
amsted  Cottage,  Harpenden  ;  3d,  Messrs.  J.  Burrell 
&  Co.,  Cambridge  ;  4th,  Mr.  W.  H.  Apthorpe. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties  there  were  five  com- 
petitors, Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  Bishop's  Stortford  was 
placed  1st,  with  varieties  unnamed  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  G. 
West,  Brentwood  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  Tunbridge,  Broom- 
field  ;  4th,  M.  J.  BuIIard,  59,  Vauxhall  Street, 
Norwich. 

Single  Dahlias. 

These  also  were  a  very  fine  feature,  the  large 
bunches  being  well  displayed  ;  a  little  foliage  proving 
of  great  assistance  in  setting  oft"  the  bunches  to  the 
best  advantage.  Five  collections  competed,  Mr. 
Charles  Turner  being  placed  1st  with  very  fine  ex- 
amples ;  2i,  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  ;  3d, 
Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons  ;  4th,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son'^. 

The  Turner  Memorial  Prize. 

Three  competitors  entered  the  lists  in  competi- 
tion for  the  ownership  of  the  Memorial  Cup,  in- 
cluding the  winner  last  year— Mr.  H.  Glasscock. 
On  this  occasion  the  award  of  the  judges  was  in 
favour  of  Mr.  J.  T.  West,  Cornwalls,  Brentwood, 
with  the  following  eighteen  flowers,  viz  ,  twelve 
show  and  six  fancy  Dahlias  : — Wm.  RawHogs,  Mrs. 
Langtry,  Charles  Wyatt,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Prince 
Bismark.  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  Mrs.  Shirley  Hibberd,  J. 
W.  Lord,  Miss  Cannell,  Goldfinder,  Vice  President, 
and  Mrs,  P.  Wyndham.  Fancies  :  Harry  Eckford, 
Chorister,  Mrs.  N.  Halls,  Gaiety,  Hugh  Austin,  and 
Pelican.  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock  was  2d  ;  and  Mr. 
Thomas  Hobbs  3d  in  order  of  merit. 


The  Fruit  Show. 

This  division  of  the  show  must  be  considered,  as  a 

whole,  to  have  been  equal  to  any  that  have  been  held 


at  the  Crystal  Palace;  indeed,  in  the  class  of 
fruiterer's  exhibits  and  in  the  number  of  collections 
and  excellence  of  the  productions  of  which  the  same 
consisted.  The  arrangement  of  the  fruits  on  short 
tables  permitted  the  company  easy  access  to  all  parts 
although  it  somewhat  mixed  up  the  different  classes. 

Muscat  Grapes  were  not  so  rich  in  colour  as  we 
have  seen  them,  but  there  was  no  lack  of  size  and 
good  finish  either  in  those  or  in  any  other  class  of 
Grapes.  Peaches,  Plums,  and  Nectarines  which 
have  ripened  quickly  during  the  late  hot  weather 
have  gathered  higher  tones  of  colour  from  the  bright 
light,  presenting  a  remarkable  contrast  to  the  slow 
ripening  Muscats. 

Collections  of  not  less  than  twenty  kinds.  —  Mr. 
J.  H.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  Lord  Harrington,  Elvaston, 
Derby,  was  awarded  1st  prize.  Of  the  various  kinds 
observed  the  Pines,  a  Cayenne,  and  a  Queen  were 
nice  fruits  of  medium  size,  Grapes  Muscats  of  Alex- 
andria, Foster's  Seedling,  Victoria  Nectarines,  and 
Hemskirk  Apricots  were  particularly  fine.  Mr, 
Mclndoe,  gr.  to  Sir  [.  W.  Pease,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Guis- 
borough  Park,  Yorkshire,  took  the  2d  prize  ;  and 
Mr,  J.  Roberts,  gr.  to  Messrs.  Rothschild,  Gunners- 
bury  House,  Acton,  was  3d.  Many  competent 
persons  thought  the  last  should  have  been  placed  i&t 
so  good  were  the  various  fruits  composing  the  col- 
lection. 

Twelve  dishes. — In  this  competition  Mr.  Roberts  re- 
versed his  defeat  in  the  big  class  by  taking  the  ist  prize, 
his  best  things  being  Wm.  Tillery  Melon,  La  Grosse 
Sucree  Strawberry,  of  fine  size  and  colour  ;  and  Peach 
Marquis  of  Downshire,  an  excellent  lot  to  have  got 
together  after  putting  together  the  twenty  dishes  re- 
quired for  the  1st  class.  2d,  Mr.  Mclndoe,  who 
had  three  bunches  of  Trebbiano,  of  a  fine  colour  ; 
Golden  Eagle  Peach,  quite  brilliant  in  hue  ;  Hum- 
boldt Nectarine,  and  Bon  Chretien  Pears,  and 
other  of  fine  quality.  3d,  Mr.  Miller,  gr.,  to  W.  H, 
Long  Esq..  M.P.,  Trowbridge. 

Eight  dishes. — Mr.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of 
Bath,  Longleat,  washereplaced  1st,  his  best  fruits  being 
Black  Hamburghs,  massive  bunches,  medium-sized 
berries,  inclining  to  led  ;  Muscats  of  Alexandria,  fair 
bunches,  but  not  ripe  ;  Nectarines,  Figs,  Peaches, 
Melon,  Plum,  comprised  the  other  fruits  shown.  2d, 
Mr,  S.  Pullman,  gr.  to  R.  B.  Sheridan,  Esq.,  Framp- 
ton  Court,  Dorchester,  whose  Muscats  were  fine 
massive  bunches,  but  unripe  ;  Dymond  Peache?, 
Pine-apple  Nectarine,  were  good  specimens  of  culti- 
vation.   3d,  Mr.  Oclee,  gr.,  Buckling  Hall,  Aylsham. 

Collection  of  ten  Kinds  ok  Graphs. 

Mr.  Goodacre  brought  a  fine  collection,  consisting 
of  Madresfield  Court,  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Duke  of 
Buccleuch,  Alnwick  Seedling,  Muscat  Hamburgh, 
Lady  Downes,  and  others,  these  being  the  best  speci- 
mens. 2d,  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  whose  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria, Buckland  Sweetwater,  Black  Alicante,  and 
Foster's  Seedling,  were  very  good  samples.  Mr.  W. 
Wildsmith,  gr.  to  Viscount  K^'ersley,  Heckfield, 
Hants,  took  the  3d,  showing  Black  Alicante,  White 
Tokay,  Golden  i^ueen,  Madresfield  Court,  Alnwick 
Seedling,  and  Gros  Maroc. 

Five  kmds  of  Grapes.  —  1st,  Mr.  W.  Taylor,  gr.  to 
J.  ChalHn,  E.q.,  Bath,  well-berried  Madresfield 
Court,  with  beautiful  finish  ;  Muscats,  symmetrical 
in  bunch,  but  small  of  berry  ;  Black  Alicante,  good 
solid  bunches,  up  to  3  lb.  each,  very  large-berned  ; 
Gros  Maroc,  and  solid  bunches  of  Alnwick  Seedling, 
not  enough  thinned  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Pratt,  whose  Mus- 
cats were  fine  in  berry  and  bunch  ;  the  Black 
Hamburghs  were  likewise  large  in  bunch,  but  with 
small  berries,  Mr.  Elphinstone,  gr.,  Shipley  Hall, 
Derby,  was  3d. 

Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  three  bunche?.  —  1st,  Mr. 
Pratt,  with  broad-shouldered  bunches,  berries  carry- 
ing a  fine  bloom  ;  2d,  Mr.  Moorhouse.  gr.  to  J.  W, 
Temple,  Esq,,  Tunbridge  Wells,  with  bunches  that 
were  large  and  loose,  but  of  good  colour  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Howe,  gr.  to  H.  Tate,  Esq.,  Streatham. 

Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  three  bunches. — In 
this  contest  Mr.  Pratt  again  obtained  the  1st  prize 
with  bunches,  large  and  irregular  as  to  outline,  but 
with  very  fine  large  berries,  fairly  well  coloured  ;  2J, 
Mr.  J.  Roberts,  with  large  bunches,  well  coloured 
and  ripe  ;  3d,  Mr.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  Mrs.  C.  A, 
Hoare,  Kelsey  Manor,  Beckenham,  small  bunches, 
and  the  colour  good. 

Gros  Maroc  Grapes,  three  bunches. — Mr.  Elphin- 
stone took  1st  prize  with  large  bunches,  finely 
finished.  The  2d  prize  fell  to  Messrs.  T.  F.  Rivers 
&  Son,  Sawbridgeworth,  who  also  showed  well  ;  3d, 
Mr.  Mclndoe,  of  Hutton. 

Madresfield  Court  Grapes,  three  bunches. — Mr.  J. 
Bury,  gr.  to  J.  Richards,  Esq.,  Forest  Hill,  took  Isr, 
with  bunches  perfect  in  every  point ;  2d,  Mr.  H. 
Perkins,  gr.  to  the  Right  Hon.  W.  H.  Smith,  M.P., 
Henley-on-Thames,  whose  Grapes  possessed  enor- 
mous berries  for  the  variety  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  Jordan,  gr, 
to  R.  Fo.ter,  Esq.,  The  Hill,  Witley,  Surrey. 

Alicante  Grapes,  three  bunches. — Mr.  W.  Howe 
took  1st  with  fairly  good  bunches,  in  which  the  berries 


344 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEPTEMBF.K    II,    1886. 


were  small  j    2d,    Mr.    Pratt ;  3d,   Mr.  Tidy,   gr.  to 
J.  R.  Holland,  Great  Stanmore. 

Grapes  of  any  other  white  kind,  three  bunches. — 
Mr.  Wallis,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  W.  Sneyd,  Keele  Hall, 
Newcastle*under-Lyne,  was  awarded  1st  for  medium- 
sized  bunches  of  Mrs.  Pearson  ;  Mr.  Bury  took  the 
2d,  with  Foster's  Seedling  ;  3d,  Mr.  Perkins,  with 
the  same  kind,  the  three  bunches  weighing  14J  lb. 
Mr.  Ward,  of  Longford,  who  is  noted  for  Buckland 
Sweetwater,  showed  this  variety  in  fine  condition,  but 
failed  to  win,  although  we  fail  to  understand  the 
reason  for  giving  the  prizes  to  smaller  bunches  of 
kinds  that  are  not  intrinsically  better  Grapes. 

Grapes,  any  other  than  black,  three  bunches. — Mr. 
Ward,  Longford,  was  awarded  1st  prize  for  nice  well 
coloured  bunches  of  Alnwick  Seedling  ;  Mr.  Hudson, 
gr.  to  J.  H.  Atkinson,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Gunnersbury, 
took  the  2d  prize  for  the  same  variety  ;  3d,  Mr. 
Mclndoe,  with  Gross  Colmar. 

Pine-apple,  Queen,  two  fruits.  —  1st,  Mr.  W.  F. 
Smith,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Byass,  Tunbridge  Wells  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Mclndoe. 

Pine-apples  of  any  other  variety,  two  fruits. — Mr, 
Ross,  gr..  Welford  Park,  Newbury,  was  awarded  the 
1st  prize  for  fruits  of  Smooth  Cayenne,  respectively 
of  9  lb.  6  oz.  and  9  lb.  2  oz.  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  F.  Smith, 
with  smaller  examples  of  the  same  kind. 

For  four  dishes  of  Peaches  Mr.  Mclndoe  was  1st, 
showing  Stirling  Castle,  Golden  Eagle,  Violette 
Hative,  and  Prince  of  Wales,  large,  well-coluured 
specimens. 

Mr.  W.  Elphinstone  took  ist  prize  for  four  dishes 
of  Nectarines,  showing  Violette  Hative,  Elruge,  Pit- 
maston  Orange,  and  Pine-apple. 

Smaller  competitions  with  hardy  fruits  were  well 
contested,  but  were  of  no  particular  interest. 

Mr.  Wingfield  took  the  Ist  prize  for  the  trade 
collections  of  fruit,  of  which  there  were  five  ;  all  very 
well  supplied  with  native  and  foreign  productions. 

Messrs.  Rivers  &  Son  had  erected  a  pretty  fruit 
trophy  in  the  central  transept,  composed  of  orchard- 
house  trees  in  full  bearing,  that  fell  in  for  a  large 
share  of  admiration,  most  of  the  trees  being  loaded 
with  fruit,  and  affording  an  excellent  example  of  what 
can  be  accomplished  in  small  pots. 

Messrs.  Cheal  &  Son,  Crawley,  exhibited  a  collec- 
tion of  thirty-eight  dishes  of  Apples,  and  twenty-four 
of  Plums. 

Mr.  G.  Bunyard  showed  fifty-four  dishes  of  Apples, 
some  shoots  of  Farleigh  Damson,  to  show  its  extra- 
ordinary productiveness,  and  some  few  dishes  of  Pears. 
From  their  Sussex  nurseries   Messrs.   W.    Paul  & 
Son  showed  160  dishes  of  Apples. 

Physalis  edulis  was  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Neighbour, 
Bickley,  Kent. 

Mr.  G.  Holliday  showed  specimens  of  shoots  of 
the  common  Bramble  under  cultivation ;  these  were 
full  of  berries  in  all  stages  of  growth,  and  were  as 
good  as  some  American  kinds  about  which  so  much 
has  been  said  and  written. 

Messrs.  W.  Thompson,  Clovenford,  N.B.,  showed 
a  basket  of  Duke  of  Buccleuch  Grape,  fine  in  size, 
as  it  usually  is  seen,  but  in  this  case  barely  ripe. 

A  bunch  of  the  Trebbiano  Grape  of  21 J  lb.  was  exhi- 
bited by  Mr.  J.  R.  Hannah,  gr.  to  Sir  H.  E. 
Maxwell,  M.P.,  Whamp  Hill,  N.B. 

Cut  Flowers. 

There  was  a  capital  display  of  Gladioli,  Asters, 
early  Chrysanthemums,  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers, 
single  Dahlias,  Roses,  Hollyhocks,  Begonias,  Zinnias, 
Pinks,  and  Carnations. 

Messrs.  Burrell  &  Co.,  were  the  winners  of  the  Ist 
prize  for  a  very  good  collection  of  Gladioli, 

Mr.  Watkins,  Thame,  was  placed  1st  for  Quilled 
Asters. 

Mr.  Jones,  gr.  to  T.  S.  Pope,  Esq.,  Cedar  Lodge, 
Bath,  was  ist  for  French  Asters. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  Saffron  Walden,  were 
awarded  1st  prize  for  Hollyhocks  ;  and  Mr.  T.  N, 
Penfold,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  Canon  Bridges,  Beddington, 
secured  the  1st  prize  for  a  collection  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  flowers. 

Mr.  N.  Davies  took  the  1st  prize  for  early  flowered 
Chrysanthemums. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  showed 
many  fine  boxes  of  cut  blooms  of  Roses,  and  Dahlias 
of  various  sections  came  from  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons, 
and  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Son,  Swanley. 


BRIGHTON  AND  SUSSEX  : 
August  25  and  26. 
On  this  occasion  the  show  was  held  in  the  western 
grounds  of  the  Royal  Pavilion,  the  Dome  and  Corn 
Exchange  adjoining.  In  these  spacious  buildings 
ample  room  was  found  for  the  productions  brought 
together,  and  the  well  kept  grounds  afforded  pleasant 
space  for  promenading.  The  present  was  a  good 
show  throughout,  and  its  reputation  for  first-class 
productions  was  fully  maintained. 

Plants. 
For  six  fine-foliage  plants  and  six  Ferns  in  a  special 


class  Mr.  Rann,  gr.  to  J.  Warren,  Esq.,  Handcross 
Park,  staged  a  number  of  fine  specimens,  and  was 
awarded  the  Ist  prize.  Crotons  Warreni  and  angus- 
tifolius  were  both  finely  coloured,  Pritchardia  pacifica 
and  Cycas  revoluta  were  the  best  examples  of  foliage 
plants,  and  Davallia  Mooreana  was  an  immense 
plant.  Dicksonia  antarctica  and  Thyrsopteris  elegans 
were  the  best  of  the  Ferns. 

With  eight  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bloom 
Mr.  Meachen,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Armstrong,  Patcham,  took 
the  1st  prize,  having  Pimeleamirabilis,  very  fresh  and 
bright ;  Rondeletiaspeciosa  major,  Allamandanobilis, 
and  Erica  Ewersiana,  all  being  well  flowered  plants  ; 
Mr.  Hobden  took  the  2d  place,  and  in  whose  lot 
were  Allamanda  grandiflora  and  Erica  Fairieana, 
both  fresh.  With  four  plants  the  same  exhibitor  was 
1st  with  Erica  cerinthoides  coronata  and  E.  Aiton- 
iana  turgida,  both  being  good  specimens.  He  had 
also  a  freely  bloomed  specimen  of  Statice  profusa 
and  another  of  Allamanda  ;  Mr.  Rann  was  2d  in  this 
class  with  well  grown  Ericas  and  other  plants.  In 
the  3d  prize  set  of  four  from  Mr.  T^PP.  gr.  to  G. 
Boulton,  Esq.,  Eastbourne,  was  a  very  fine  plant  of 
Eucharis  amazonica. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 
These  made  a  brilliant  display,  Mr.  Hobden  taking 
1st  with  doubles,  staging  a  set  of  well-grown  plants  ; 
Mr.  Meachen  and  Mr.  Townshend,  gr.  to  Captain 
Thompson,  Withdene,  being  the  most  successful  in 
the  class  provided  (or  single  varieties,  each  exhibitor 
showing  neat  well-Sowered  examples. 

Groups. 

Several  classes  were  provided  for  groups  arranged 
for  effect,  in  which  Begonias  and  Ferns  each  had  a 
class  to  themselves,  a  very  pretty  effect  being  made 
with  each,  Mr.  Spottiswood,  gr.  to  G.  Duddell,  Esq., 
Queen's  Park,  being  1st  in  the  former,  and  Mr. 
Townshend  in  the  latter  class.  A  few  Lilies  inter- 
spersed among  the  Ferns  would  have  much  enhanced 
the  effect. 

For  a  group  of  mixed  flowering  and  foliage-plants 
Mr.  Turner,  gr.  to  Major  Way,  Wick  Hall,  was 
deservedly  Ist,  having  a  light  and  bright  arrange- 
ment ;  Mr.  Meachen  coming  2d,  but  more  closely 
packed  together. 

Messrs.  Balchin  &  Sons  and  M.  W.  Miles,  both 
nurserymen  of  Brighton,  each  arranged  a  group 
of  plants  of  large  dimensions,  which  produced  a  fine 
effect,  and  added  greatly  to  the  general  finish  in  the 
Corn  Exchange  ;  large  Palms,  Yuccas,  Crotons,  and 
Musas  being  very  telling,  and  both  not  for  compe- 
tition. 

Cut  Flowers  :  Dahlias. 

This  section  is  always  an  important  feature  at  this 
show,  and  again  made  a  splendid  array,  Messrs.  Keynes 
&  Co.,  Salisbury,  taking  Ist  both  for  forty-eight 
show  and  twenty-four  fancy  varieties ;  whilst  for 
pompons  and  single  kinds  in  the  large  classes  Messrs. 
Cheal  &  Son,  Crawley,  staged  well,  and  won  in  both 
cases. 

In  the  smaller  classes  Mr.  Vincent,  gr.  to  Mr.  J. 
Hart,  Keymer,  secured  no  less  than  six  Ist  prizes 
for  show,  fancy,  and  single  varieties  ;  being  closely 
followed  up  by  Mr.  Simraonds,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  R. 
C.   Hales,  Woodmancote  Rectory, 

Cut  Roses 
were,   for  the  season,  very  good  indeed,  and  some 
beautiful  boxes  were   shown  by  trade   growers  and 
amateurs. 

For  twenty-four  trebles,  for  twelve  do.,  and  for 
twelve  Teas  and  Noisettes,  Mr.  Piper,  Uckfield  and 
Piltdown  Nurseries,  secured  the  1st  prize  in  each 
instance,  his  boxes  being  strong  in  Teas,  among 
which  we  noted  Madame  Berard,  Niphetos,  Marie 
van  Houtte,  Jean  Ducher,  Souvenir  d'EIise  Vardon, 
and  Belle  Lyonaise,  all  in  capital  condition  ;  in  the 
first-named  class  Messrs.  Balchin  &  Sons  were  2d, 
with  a  bright  lot  of  good  blooms  ;  Mr.  Slaughter,  of 
Steyning,  taking  the  other  two  2ds  with  good  stands, 
as  well  as  being  the  most  successful  exhibitor  in  the 
amateur  classes. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Cut  Flowers. 
Mr.  Archer,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Gibson,  of  Saffron  Walden, 
secured  the  1st  prize,  with  a  fine  boxful  of  the  best 
kinds  in  season,  he  being  strong  in  Dipladenias  and 
Ericas.  The  same  exhibitor  was  lucky  in  taking  the 
Ist  for  twenty-four  quilled  Asters,  a  more  varied  lot 
being  2d  from  Mr.  Walker,  of  Thame  ;  the  order  was, 
however,  reversed  for  twenty-four  tasselled  varieties, 
which  was  a  very  strong  class. 

Hardy  Herbaceous  Plants  (Cut  Blooms). 

Messrs  Balchin  staged  a  beautiful  selection,  which 
made  a  fine  display,  and  easily  secured  the  Ist  award  ; 
he  was  followed  by  Messrs.  Cheal. 

For  Gladioli  Messrs.  Balchin  were  placed  1st,  with 
a  good  selection. 

Fruit. 

This  is  always  an  important  feature  in  this  show, 
a  quantity  of  first-class  produce  being  again  shown. 


Collections. 
For  a  collection  of  twelve  dishes,  Mr,  Goldsmith, 
gr.  to  C.  A.  Hoare,  Esq.,  Beckenham,  was  placed 
1st,  his  best  dishes  being  Black  Hamburgh  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  Bellegardeand  Noblesse 
Peaches,  and  Brown  Turkey  Figs.  Mr.  Waterman 
gr.  to  H.  A.  Brassey,  Esq.,  Miidstone,  coming  in 
2  1,  with  a  good  collection,  including  a  well  finished 
Pine-apple. 

Grapes. 

Grapes  were  shown  in  quantity  in  six  classes  pro- 
vided for  them.  "^ 

For  Muscats  (three  bunches),  Mr.  Duncan,  gr.  to 
C.  T.  Lucas,  Esq.,  Warnhim  Court,  took  Ist  in  both 
divisions. 

For  six  bunches  of  the  same  kind  Mr.  Goldsmith 
"^,',v^v'  ^^"^"^  exhibitor  staging  well  finished  examples 

With  Back  Himburghs,  Mr.  Spottiswood  was 
placed  1st  also,  taking  the  same  award  for  six  bunches 
of  the  same  kind,  as  well  as  taking  three  2ds  for 
Muscats,  stjging  well  in  each  case. 

For  a  collection  of  Grapes,  six  kinds,  Mr  Gore 
gr.  to  Captain  Taylor,  Glenleigh,  Hastings,  was 
awarded  1st,  Alnwick  Seedling  and  Mrs.  Pearson 
being  the  best  finished  kinds  in  the  collection. 

Peaches  were  shown  in  first-rate  order  bv  Mr 
Hopkins,  gr.  to  R,  Thornton,  Esq.,  High  Cross' 
\  ramfield,  his  fruit  of  Barrington  being  very  fine.       ' 

Various  Fruits. 

Nectarines  were  shown  in  best  condition  by  Mr 
Dancan,  who  won  in  each  instance  with  highly  coloured 
fruit  of  Pineapple. 

Pears  were  best  represented  by  Mr.  Goldsmith 
with  Williams'  Bjn  Chretien;  Mr.  Waterman  taking 
2d,  With  Jargonelle.  ^ 

With  Apples,  single  dish,  the  last,  named  exhibitor 
put  up  a  fane  lot  of  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  and  took 
1st  for  culinary  kinds  ;  Mr.  Cooke  showing  A-trachan 
and  taking  the  same  position  for  dessert  kinds  ' 

For  a  collection  of  six  kinds  of  Apples  Mr.'  Booth 
gr  to  W.  Yates  Esq.,  Uckfield.  showed  a  gootJ 
selection,  and  took  the  premier  award. 

Figs  were  not  shown  in  such  numbers  as  usual  but 
good  dishes  were  put  up  by  Mr.  Butler,  who  was  an 
easy  winner  with  Brown  Turkey. 

Plums  and  Green  Gages  were  shown  in  consider- 
able quan  ity,  Mr.  Inglis,  of  Cuckfield.  and  Mr 
Vincent  taking  the  ist  awards. 

Vegetables. 

Vegetables  were  provided  for  in  seventeen  classes 
the  competition,  as  usual  in  this  section  whenever 
shown  at  this  season  of  the  year,  was  keen,  and  the 
quality  first-class.  With  eight  as  well  as  with  six 
kinds,  Mr.  Waterman  was  a  most  creditable  winner 
with  the  best  things  in  season.  ' 

Tomatos  were  a  strong  class,  a  heavy  lot  of  Troohv 
taking  1st  for  Mr.  Goring;  Mr,  Goldsmith  following 
with  Stamfordian,  '^ 

Messrs.  Cheal  staged  (not  in  competition)  several 
good  dishes  of  fruit,  chiefly  Apples  and  Plums.   H. 


MOOR  PARK   COTTAGERS'  HORTICUL- 
TURAL: 

This  Society  held  its  twenty-second  annual  show  in 
the  old  pleasure  grounds  of  Moor  Park,  the  domain 
of  Lord  Ebury,  the  President,  on  Wednesday 
August  18.  The  grounds  of  the  Park  looked  at  their 
best,  and  the  new  pleasure  grounds  were  all  ablaze 
with  colour.  A  grand  old  Park  with  deer,  a  noble 
mansion,  ornamental  waters,  and  terraces,  a  magni- 
ficent expanse  of  country  —  and  what  spot  could 
be  better  chosen  for  a  flower  show?  The  competi- 
tion was  entirely  amongst  the  cottagers,  who  filled  a 
large  tent  100x50  feet  with  their  produce,  all  of 
first-class  quality.  The  centre  of  the  tent  was 
arranged  with  groups  of  flowering  and  foliage  plants 
kindly  sent  by  the  neighbouring  nobility  and  gentry 
Lady  Hume  Campbell  (gr.,  Mr.  Brush)  showed  an 
excellent  collection  of  herbaceous  cut  flowers,  and  also 
filled  one  small  tent  with  tuberous-rooted  Begonias  in 
flower.  Another  large  tent  was  filled  with  flowering 
and  foliage  plants  from  the  Moor  Park  gardens 
arranged  in  three  groups  in  the  centre,  which  had  a 
most  pleasing  effect,  and  was  much  admired. 

The  fruit  tent  was  filled  with  collections  of  almost 
everything  in  and  out  of  season,  from  Pine-apples 
down  to  the  commonest  bush  fruits,  contributed  by 
Messrs.  Mundell,  Myers,  Fitt,  Gough,  Condie,  and 
Bye,  not  for  competition.  In  this  tent.  Miss  Fitzg'ibbon 
arranged  an  elegant  table  decoration,  which  received 
a  special  commendation. 

There  were  besides  a  honey  tent,  a  tent  filled  with 
cut  blooms  from  the  Moor  Park  Gardens,  and  a 
design  arranged  and  planted  of  a  flower  garden,  by 
Mr.  C.  Fletcher,  foreman  gardener,  Moor  Park.  ' 

One  great  feature  at  the  flower  show  was  a  tent 
devoted  entirely  to  wild  flowers,  arranged  in  baskets 
by  children.  The  baskets  were  found  by  the  Society, 
and  had  a  much  better  effect  than  when  put   up  in 


September  u,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


345 


every  conceivable  variety  of  vessel  or  basket.  The 
number  of  baskets  averaged  from  sixty  to  100,  and  a 
great  many  of  the  collection  were  named,  for  which 
there  is  a  special  prize  offered,  as  well  as  for  arrange- 
ment. 

Such  exhibitions  as  these  encourage  the  cottagers, 
not  only  to  produce  good  vegetables  lor  exhibition,  but 
also  to  take  a  pride  in  their  gardens,  for  which  there 
are  liberal  prizes  offered  for  allotments  of  20,  15,  and 
10  poles,  situated  at  Rickmansworth  and  Mill  End, 
some  2  miles  apart. 

Allotments  are  let  to  cottagers  with  families,  at  a 
mere  nominal  rent,  by  the  President,  Lord  Ebury,  a 
system  that  was  adopted  many  years  since,  and  which 
has  proved  a  boon  to  a  great  many  persons. 


^COTCH      ]^0TE3. 


CONTINUOUS  FLORAL  DISPLAY  IN  THE 
INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  EDIN- 
BURGH. 

In  addition  to  the  names  mentioned  in  recent  issues, 
as  taking  part  in  the  floral  display  in  the  grand 
hall  of  the  Exhibition,  Mr.  Campbell,  of  High 
Blantyre,  Glasgow,  has  since  put  in  an  appearance 
with  a  superb  lot  of  double  Dahlias,  a  superior 
batch  of  fancy  Pansies  and  Carnations  and  Picotees. 
The  blooms  of  the  latter  were  especially  bright  and 
clean,  while  they  were  also  characterised  by  great 
substance  and  perfection  of  form.  They  had  also  a 
very  creditable  stand  of  the  now  rarely  seen  Holly- 
hock, which,  if  inferior  to  the  blooms  of  the  time 
prior  to  the  appearance  of  the  disease,  were  yet  fairly 
good,  and  were  welcomed  by  florists  as  a  hopeful 
si^n  that  the  old  Bower  may  again  be  the  source  of 
pleasure  in  the  future  as  it  was  in  the  past. 

Mesiri.  Dickson  &  Co.,  Edinburgh,  exhibited  a 
box  of  blooms  of  their  new  Carnation,  Scotia,  a  showy 
self,  with  some  resemblance  to  Grenadier,  but  of  a 
distinct  shade  of  colour,  being  soft  cerise-scarlet. 

Messrs.  Limont  &  Son,  Edinburgh,  showed,  in 
addition  to  their  fine  display  of  single  Dahlias,  a  few 
blooms  of  a  very  remarkable  form  of  Litium  auratum. 
The  flowers  are  from  14  to  15  inches  from  tip  to  lip 
of  the  petals,  and  of  correspondingly  great  breadth, 
but  the  most  remarkable  feature  about  the  variety 
is  the  broad  ray,  averaging  half  an  inch  in  width,  of 
deep  maroon-crimson,  which  extends  from  the  base  to 
near  the  tip  of  each  petal.  It  is  the  richest  and  most 
distinct  variety  of  this  noble  Lily  that  we  have  seen. 


STA  TE  OF  THE  WEA  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LONDON. 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  September  8,  1886. 


Hygrome- 
trical    De- 

> 
Q 

BAROMETKR. 

TxHPuiATuiis  or 

TBK  AJL 

from 
Glaislier's 
Tables  Tth 
EdiUon. 

Wind. 

d 

5 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 
33'  Fabr. 
Departure  from 
Average  ol 
18  years. 

i 

X 

1 

1 

lit 

fa" 

1 

a 

OX" 

1 

Sept. 

In.    1    In.    I   „ 

.1. 

„ 

„ 

^ 

In. 

2Q.Q3  +ao3  66.3 

58.0    8.2 

59  6 

■4-03 

SS.4 

86 

W.NW 

0.06 

39.94  H-o.o4(i8.a 

596  8  6 

63.0 

4-  3963.6 

9» 

N.W. 

0.00 

39.86  — a04  76.0 

6..05.0 

67  3 

-(-8467.0 

100 

N.vy. 

o.o5 

3978  —0.13  Ja-s'sS  o[is.5]64  ■ 

+  5-5 

57  9 

83 

s. 

0.00 

29.88—10369  3sg.o 

■  0.363  3 

-1-4.9 

S3  0 

69 

s.w. 

0.04 

29.86-00568.5^53- 

■3-s!6l.2 

-h284,3 

65 

s.w. 

0.03 

s 

39.78  -0.13 

29  86  —3.04 

69.248.5 

-!- 

+  0.152.7 

S2 

s.w. 

000 

Mean 

70.1 

57.0 

■3  ■ 

6^ 

-)-0.37 

s^s 

s.w.  ; 
N.W. 

-' 

but  fin 


Sept.  2.— Fine  but  dull  ;  wet  after  3  p.m. 

—  3. — Fine  day  throughout. 

—  4. — Heavy  shower   at  S   a.m.    and  : 

afterwards. 

—  3. —Fine,  and  warm  day. 

—  ^, — Fine,  but  generally  dull  ;  slight  shower  in  night. 

—  7. — A  very  fine  day. 

—  S.— Fine,  but  generally  dull  after  3  p.m. 


London  :    Alnio^phciic    Pressure.  —  During    the 
week  ending  September  4,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 


meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.05 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.07  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  29th,  decreased  to  30.01  inches 
on  the  same  day,  decreased  to  30.10  inches  by  9  A.M. 
on  the  31st,  decrea^ied  to  30.05  inches  by  5  p.m.  on 
September  2ad,  increased  to  30  15  inches  by  I  P  M. 
on  the  3rd,  and  was  30.03  inches  at  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.07  inches,  being  0. 01 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  o  01  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  86°.  5  on  the  31st ;  the  highest 
on  the  2nd  was  66°.  2.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  77°.  7. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  5I°.oon 
the  29th  ;  the  lowest  on  the  4th  was  6i°.o.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  57°.  4' 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
3i°.5  on  the  30th  ;  the  smallest  was  8o°.2  on  the  2nd. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  20°.  3. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  63°.  3  on  the 
29th  ;  72°.3  on  the  30th  ;  72°.4  on  the  31st ;  7r.9 
on  Sept.  1st  ;  59°.6  on  the  2nd  j  63°.o  on  the 
3rd  ;  and  67°. 2  on  the  4lh.  These  were  all  above 
their  averages  by  3°. 2,  I2°.3,  12°  6,  12°. 5,  I2°.5,  o°.3, 
3°. 9,  and  S°.4  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  67°. I, 
being  3°.o  higher  than  last  week,  and  7°.6  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  140°  on  the  31st.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  I17°.7. 

Rain  fell  on  two  days  to  the  amount  of  0.16  inch. 

England:  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  4.  the  highest  temperatures  were  86°.7 
at  Cambridge,  86°.5  at  Blackheath,  83°.o  at  Leeds  ; 
the  highest  at  Plymouth  was  7i°.2,  at  Truro  76°.o, 
and  at  Liverpool,  77°.  I.  The  general  mean  was 
79°-9. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Tiuro  and  Cam- 
bridge 47°. o,  at  Wolverhampton  47°.  3  ;  the  lowest  at 
Bcidford,  L'^eds,  and  Newcastle,  was  52°.o,  and  at 
Blackheath,  Nottingham,  Liverpool,  and  Hall,  51°. 
The  general  mean  was  50°. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  39°.  7,  at 
Blackheath  35°.  5,  and  at  Wolverhampton  32''.3  ;  the 
least  ranges  were  at  Plymouth  22°. 7,  at  Liverpool 
26°.  I,  and  at  Bradford  26°. 6.  The  general  mean  was 
29°.  9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath  77°.7,  at  Cambridge  77°. 5,  and 
at  Leeds  74°.  5  ;  and  lowest  at  Plymouth  67".  6,  at 
Liverpool  68°.  9,  and  at  Truro  69°.4.  The  general 
mean  was  72°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath,  57°. 4,  at  Preston  and  New- 
castle, 56°. 6  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
5i°.2,  at  Cambridge  53°. 3,  and  at  Hull  53°.6.  The 
general  mean  was  55°.  I. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge 
24°. 2,  at  Blackheath  20*^.3,  and  at  Wolverhampton 
I9°.0  ;  and  was  least  at  Plymouth  I2°i,  at  Liverpool 
I2°.8,  and  at  Newcastle  i4°.o.  The  general  mean 
was  26°.  9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath 
67°.  I,  at  Cambridge  63°. 9,  and  at  Leeds  63°.8  ; 
and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton  59°.6,  at  Ply- 
mouth 60°.  I,  at  Truro  and  Bristol  60°. 7.  The 
general  mean  was  62°.  i. 

Rain, — The  largest  falls  were  at  Wolverhampton 
1.66  inch,  at  Truro  o  99  inch,  and  at  Bristol  o  44 
inch.  The  smallest  falls  were  0.00  inch  at  Newcastle, 
0.02  inch  at  Preston,  and  0.06  inch  at  Hull  and 
Leeds.     The  general  mean  fall  was  0.34  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  4th,  the  highest  temperature  was  74°.  7 
at  Paisley  ;  the  highest  at  Greenock  was  69°.  2.  The 
general  mean  was  7  2°.  6. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  36',S  at 
Aberdeen  ;  the  lowest  at  Greenock  and  Leith  was 
46°.      The  general  mean  was  42°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh, 
6o°.9  ;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  57°.?.  The  general 
mean  was  59°.  i- 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  0  76  inch  at  Greenock, 
and    the    smallest  was    0.00    inch   at    Dundee  and 
Aberdeen.     The  general  mean  fall  was  0.25  inch. 
]AMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  September  6,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  General  remarks  :— The  weather  was 
generally  very  fine  and  warm  during  the  earlier  part 
of  the  period,  but  subsequently  became  dull  and  un- 
settled, with  a  good  deal  of  thunder  and  lightning. 
The  darkness  which  accompanied  the  thunderstorm 
of  Saturday  morning  in  the  south  was  remarkably 
dense. 

The  temperature  has  varied  from  3'  to  5"  above  the 
mean  over  central,  southern,  north-eastern,  and 
eastern  England,  but  in  all  other  parts  of  Great 
Britain  the  excess  has  been  very  slight,  while  in 
"  Ireland,  S.,"  a  deficit  ol  1°  is  shown.  The  highest 
of  the  maxima,  which  was  registered  on  August  31, 
ranged  from  69°  to  72°  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  but 
over  the  greater  part  of  England  they  were  consider- 
ably higher,  ranging  from  80°  in  "England,  N.E.," 
to  86°  in  "England,  E.,"  and  87°  in  "  England,  S." 
The  lowest  of  the  minima,  which  were  recorded  on 
different  days  in  the  various  districts,  ranged  from 
34°  in  "Ireland,  N.,"  and  37°  in  "Scotland,  E.," 
and  "England,  N.W.,"  to  49°  in  "  England,  S.,' 
and  52°  in  "England,  E.,"  and  the  "Channel 
Islands."  At  the  commencement  of  the  period  the 
minima  in  Scotland  were  very  high  ;  at  Nairn  and 
Leith  the  thermometer  during  the  night  of  August  31 
— September  i  did  not  fall  below  62°. 

Rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in  "  Scot- 
land, W,"  the  "Midland  Coys.,"  "  England,  S.," 
and  "England,  S.W.,"  and  about  equal  to  it  in 
"England,  N.W.  j"  but  in  all  other  districts  it  has 
been  less  than  the  mean  value. 

•■  liright  Sunshine  shows  an  increase  in  Ireland  and 
Scotland,  but  a  decrease  over  England ;  the  per- 
centages of  the  possible  amount  of  duration  varied 
from  15  to  30  in  the  "grazing  districts,"  and  from 
26  to  47  in  the  "  Wheat-producing  districts." 

Depressions  Oheived.—\i  the  commencement  of 
the  period  a  depression  was  travelling  north-eastwards 
outside  our  extreme  north-western  coasts,  causing 
fresh  southerly  to  south-westerly  winds  at  all  our 
western  and  northern  stations.  As  this  passed  off, 
however,  the  anticyclone  previously  existing  over  the 
south-eastern  parts  of  our  art  a  spread  westwards, 
and  by  the  3d  a  new  anticyclone  had  been  formed 
over  Ireland.  Under  these  conditions  the  wind 
became  light  and  variable,  and  the  only  depressions 
observed  were  some  very  shallow  ones  over  the 
north  of  France  and  the  south  of  England.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  week  pressure  gave  way  decidedly 
in  the  west,  and  the  disturbances  in  the  south  and 
south-west  began  partly  to  fill  up,  and  the  remainder 
to  pass  over  our  extreme  western  districts,  while  the 
wind  returned  to  the  southward  and  south-westward. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Bath  Show,  ^c.—Owin^  to  the  pressure  on  our 
space,  we  are  obliged  to  defer  the  publishing  of  the 
report  of  the  Bath  Show,  and  other  matters  until 


Bekberis  aquifolia  Berries  :  Enquirer.  These 
berries  are  not  poisonous,  wine  being  sometimes  made 
from  them,  which  is  good  in  flavour  and  of  consider- 
able strength.  We  have  not  seen  preserves  made 
from  them,  nor  is  it  at  all  likely  that  it  is  unwholesome 
if  the  partaker  be  wholesome  himself  in  body  and 
judicious  in  mind. 

Books  ;  W.  R.  Loudon's  Trees  and  Shrubs  ,■  Htmsleys 
Handbook  of  Hardy  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Herbaceous 
Plants  (Longmans  &  Co). 

Damsons  :  A.  Henderson.  They  are  fine  fruits,  and 
early,  and  if  prolific  your  seedling  has  money  in  it. 

Flowers  in  Season  :  McLearing.  The  flowers  lelt 
at  our  office  were  all  well-grown  samples,  being  both 
strong  and  healthy.  The  Anthurium.  to  us,  appeared 
like  a  pink  variety  ol  Scherzerianum.  and  was  very 
pretty.  The  Cattleya  is,  we  imagine,  a  white  form  of 
GaskelUana,  and  is  a  capital  one  too.  Tlie  other 
Orchid  was  a  very  fine  Saccolabium  Blumei  (perhaps 
majus).  See  figure  in  Gardeners  Chronicle,  May  z, 
1885.  p.  S73,  vol.  xxiii. 

Judging  at  the  Crystal  Palace  Show,  September 
3  and  4:  a.  £.  The  plants  you  name  are  often 
grown  under  glass,  and  by  the  wording  of  the 
schedule  are  not  excluded  from  the  list  of  plants  that 
may  be  shown.  Slill,  those  collections  which  consisted 
of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  that  are  not  used  for 
outdoor  decoration,  should,  we  think,  have  had  the 
preference  ■  especially,  as  you  state,  they  were  put  up 
with  great  taste.  The  judges  may  have  had  reasons  for 
their  decision,  of  which  others  may  be  in  ignorance. 


346 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[September  ii,  i8 


London  Agency  of  French  Florists  :  A.  B.  H. 

We  know  of  none. 
Names    of    Fruits  :  J.   Ellison.    Probably  Prince  of 

Wales  or  Sultan.     Cannot  be  certain  without  slioots 

and  foliage. 

Names  of  Plants  :  T.  W.  R.  Probably  Cratsegus 
Douglasi  from  North-west  America,  but  specimen  too 
scrappy  to  be  certain. — J.  Walker.  Clitoria  ternatea. 
—F.  U.  Miltonia  Candida,  not  Oncidium.— A".  Jf.  W. 
Sedum  Telephium,  truly  wild.  The  fungus  on 
Damsons  is  probably  a  Puccinia.  Please  send  fresh 
specimens,  packed  properly,  and  we  will  endeavour  to 
oblige  yon.^-A,  B.  Is  it  a  wild  plant?  if  so,  it  is  pro- 
bably Convolvulus  soldanella. — Constant  Reader,  i, 
Polyganum  lapathifolium  ;  2,  Apargia  aulunmalis  ; 
3,  Matricaria  inodora  ;  4,  Solanum  dulcamara ;  5, 
Lychnis  coronaria  ;  6,  Linaria  Cymbalaria. 

Plums  :  W.  L,  B.  If  the  seedlings  should  prove  to  be 
prolific,  they  would  make  market  sorts. 

Primulas  and  Grubs  :  J.  Elworthy.  The  grubs 
belong  to  the  destructive  tamily  of  weevils.  It  is  but 
little  use  to  hunt  for  the  grubs  ;  you  must  catch  the 
weevils  themselves.  They  are  wary  insects,  and  will 
run  into  their  hiding-places  quickly  when  disturbed 
when  feeding  in  the  evening.  By  going  into  a  house 
with  a  dark-lantern,  and  suddenly  turning  on  the 
light,  the  pesls  are  contused,  and  can  be  brushed  off 
the  plants  on  to  a  sheet,  and  in  this  way  many  can  be 
collected  and  destroyed.  Dashing  boiling  water  under 
stones,  and  in  crevices  in  the  pits  and  houses,  during 
the  daytime  will  get  rid  of  more  ;  so  that  by  following 
up  the  work  of  destruction  from  day  to  day  you  will 
get  them  under. 

Proliferous  Roses  :  Mrs.  W.  H.  Not  uncommon. 
The  end  of  the  stem,  which  usually  stops  growing 
when  the  flower  has  formed,  in  this  case  has  continued 
to  grow. 

Rose  :  J.  S.  The  flower  was  too  withered  to  be  recog- 
nised. It  has  the  appearance  of  a  cross  between 
Niphetos  and  Celine  Foresti^re. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —  Letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 


d'Horticulture    (J. 
\  —  Catalogue    of    New 


COMPAGNIE      CONTINENTALE 

Linden),    Ghent,    Belgiur 

Plants,  &c. 
Wm.  Samson  &  Co.,  and  W.  &  T.  Samson,  8  and  10, 

Portland  Street,  Kilmarnock — Roots  and  Plants. 
Wm.    Gordon,    10.    CuUum  Street,    London,    E.C.— 

Orchids  and  LiUes. 
Dobie  &  Mason,  66,  Deansgale,  Manchester — Flower 

Roots. 
Clark,  Brothers  &  Co.,  65,  Scotch  Street,  Carlisle-— 

Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough— Bulbous 

Roots. 
Barr  &  Son,  12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 

W.C— Bulbs  and  Plants. 
Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading— Bulbous  Flower  Roots. 
Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley,  Stourbridge— Bulbs. 


Communications  Received  :— A.  W.  S.-G.  Hansen.— U.  D. 
— H.  G.  Rchb.  f.— J.  B  — C.  W.— M.  Regnier.-J  E.  L.— 
M.  S.— E.  J.— R.  I.  L— D.  M.-G.  B.— H.  Correvon, 
Geneva.— Robert    Sydenham.— Reece.  -  Harris  &  Harris  — 

E.  L  (next  weck).-J.   V.  &  Sons.-X  C.  F  -R.    M.    F.— 
A.   Hemsley.— A.  D.   W.— D.  T.   F.— De  M.— T.  W,   Ii.— 

F.  W.  B. 

DIED. — We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Vivian,  of  Singleton  Park,  Swansea,  at  the  age  of  85 
years.  She  was  an  enthusiastic  horticulturist,  and 
during  her  long  residence  at  Singleton,  made  the  garden 
one  of  the  best  furnished  and  enjoyable  in  the  kingdom. 


larhets* 


C0VEN7    GARDEN,    Scptembet    9. 
Trade  for  all  classes  of  goods  heavy.    Prices  un- 
altered. James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  J^-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  per  1 
Lemons,  per  cas 
Melons,  each 


6-36  Peaches,  per  dozen  ...   ] 

)  6-  o  9  Pears,  per  dozen     ..    1 

J  6-  2  o  Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  : 

3  7-..  —  St.  Michael,  each  : 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  s. 

Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-..  Mint,  green,    bunch  c 

Aubergines,  each     ..  03-  ..  Mushrooms,    punnet  1 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb.    .04-..  Mustard  and  Cress.do.c 

Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20  Onions,  per  bushel..  . 

Brussels  Sprouts,  lb,  04-..  Parsley,  dozen  bunch  ; 

Carrot*;,  per  buncli . .  06-..  Potalos,  per  cwt.    ..    i 

Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  30-..  „     kidney,  per  cwt  . 

Celery,  per  bundle..    16-20  Shallots,  per  pound..  ( 

Cucumbers,  each    ..  o  6-  i  o  Spinach,    per  bushel  ; 

Endive,  per  dozen  . .   10-20  Tomatos,  per  lb.     . .    < 

Herbs,  per  bunch    ..  04-  ..  Turnips,  hunch        ..  ( 

Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  ..  Veget.  Mar.,  each..  < 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.  .10-16 

Potatos  : —  Kent  Regents,  8m.  to  90J.  ;    Schoolmastc 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  looj.  per  ton. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesalb  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Balsams,  per  dozen  30-60 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  ..  12  o-r8  o 
Cockscombs,  dozen  30-60 
Cyperus,  per  dozen,.  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  . .30  0-60  o 
—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

per  dozen  . .  , .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica  each-.  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias.  dozen  .','  ; 
Gladioli,  12  pots  ..  f 
Hydrangeas,  doz.  ..  ( 
Lilies,  invar.,  doz.  ..i: 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  . .  . .   ' 

Mignonette,  per  doz.  - 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  < 
Palms  in  var.,  each  ; 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  ( 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  ; 
Petunias,  dozen  . .  ; 
Rhodanthes,  dozen..   1 


Flowers. — Average  Whoi 


Bouvardias,  per  bun.  < 
Carnations,  12  bun.  ; 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  : 
Daisies,  common.  12 

bunches  ..  ..  ; 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  : 
Forget-me-Noi,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  : 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  : 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  i 
Jasmine,  while,  bun.  ( 
Lapageria.red.  12  bl.  ; 
Lavender,  12  bun,  .. 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms 


Marguerites,    per    12 

bunches     ..  ■ .  3  c 

Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  t 
Pansics,  12  bunches  1  c 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  o  3 
Pyrethrums.  12  bun,  2  c 
Rhodanthes,  12  bun.  6  c 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o  c 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  o  t 

Stephanotis,  12  spys.  1  ( 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  i  ( 
Sweet  Sultan,  12  bun.  3  c 
TropEBolums,  12  bun.  i  < 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  * 


SEEDS. 

London:  September  Q.—Uqs^tz.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C.,  report  to-day's 
market  steady.  Trifolium  and  Winter  Tares  are  in 
somewhat  improved  request  at  Monday's  rates.  There 
is  also  an  inquiry  for  sowing  Rye.  Supplies  01  while 
Mustard  are  apparently  almost  exhausted.  Rapeseed 
continues  exceedingly  cheap.  Rather  less  money  is 
taken  for  blue  Peas  ;  many  parcels  prove  in  bad  condi- 
tion. Hemp  and  Canaryseed  continue  to  firmly  hold 
their  own.  White  Millet  is  getting  into  narrow  com- 
pass. In  Cloverseeds  no  business  is  passing.  Feeding 
Linseed  tends  downwards. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  ;  Sepf.  8.— This  market  has 
been  well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  fruit,  vegetables, 
and  Potatos  during  the  week,  and  buyers  being  numerous 
a  fair  trade  lias  been  done  at  prices  as  follows  : — Apples, 
2s,  6d.  to  3^.  6d.  per  sieve  ;  Pears,  is.  6d.  to  4^.  do. ; 
Plums,  coloured,  is.  6d,  to  2s.  per  half-sieve  ;  Green 
Gages,  IS.  6d.  \o  zs.  6d.  per  half-sieve  (56  lb.);  Scarlet 
Beans,  ij-.  3^.  to  u.  gd.  per  sieve  ;  French  do.,  is.  c^d. 
to  2s.  ^d.  do. ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  2s,  per  dozen  ;  Let- 
tuces, 9  /.  to  IJ.  per  score  ;  Marrows,  2s.  to  35.  6d.  per 
tally  ;  Cabbages,  2s.  6d.  to  4s.  6d.  do.;  Turnips,  is.  6d. 
to  2s.  per  dozen  bunches;  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  do.; 
Onions,  2s.  6d.  to  3J.  do.;  Parsley,  is.  to  is.  6d.  do. 

Stratford:  SepL  7.  —  The  market  has  been  well 
supplied  with  all  kinds  01  produce  during  the  past  week, 
and  with  a  good  attendance  of  buyers  a  brisk  trade  was 
done  at  the  following  prices  : — Cabbages.  21.  to  3J.  6d. 
per  tally  ;  Greens,  loose,  35.  to  4^.  do. ;  Cauliflowers,  is. 
to  Ii.  6ds.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  2s.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
Carrots,  household.  2s.  6d.  do.  ;  Mangels,  20s.  to  22j. 
per  ton  ;  Apples,  English,  3i".  to  4^.  per  bushel  ;  do., 
American,  55.  to  6s.  per  barrel ;  Watercress,  6d  per  doeen  ; 
Pears,  hazle,  4s,  to  4s.  6d.  per  bushel  ;  Plums,  zs.  per 
half  bushel ;  Green  Gages,  2s.  to  2s.  6d.  do. ;  Cucumbers, 
6f/.  per  dozen ;  Tomatos,  is.  to  is.  6d.  per  dozen  lb.; 
Marrows,  6d.  to  gd.  per  dozen  ;  Scarlet  Runners,  i  f. 
per  bushel  ;  Parsley,  is.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  herbs, 
2j.  31/,  to  2s.  6d.  do. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfield.s  :  Scpl.  7. — Supphes 
of  the  common  and  middling  qualities  were  large  and 
the  trade  dull ;  but  prime  samples  were  not  so  plentiful, 
and  some  descriptions  of  these  were  firmer.  Quotations  : 
— Regents,  yos.  to  95?.  ;  Shaws,  6or.  to  75J.  ;  Hebrons, 
70J".  to  95J. ;  Magnum  Bonums,  60s.  to  Sos. ;  Early  Roses, 
601.   to  80J.  ;  and  kidneys,  70s.  to  95^.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Sepi.  8. — Quotations  :  —  Roses,  555. 
to  60s.  ;  Magnums,  60s.  to  65^.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  50J. 
to  6$s. ;  and  Regents,  55J.  to  60s.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sepf.  8. — Quotations  : — 
Magnums,  $$s.  to  jos.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  60s.  to  70J.  ; 
and  Regents,  65.1.  to  70s.  per  ton. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Sept.  7. — Supplies  were  not  quite 
so  large  as  at  the  previous  market,  in  consequence  of 
harvest  work,  and  rather  a  better  trade  at  steady  prices. 
Quotations  :— Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  loSs.  ;  inferior,  7o,r. 
to  Bsj.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  92J.  ;  inlerior,  30J.  to  651.; 
s.  per  load. 


and  straw,  27s.  to 

StpL  9.— A  fair 
at  previous  prices. 

Stratford  :  Sepf. 
100s.  ;  Clover,  Bos.  to 
load. 


pply  on  sale.     The  trade  was  quiet 


7. — Quotations: — Hay,  Sos.   to 
looj.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  35^^.  per 


CARTERS' 

EARLY   BULBS 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  prodtice  Beautiful  While  and  Coloured 
Flowers  for  Christmas  Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Eirllest  White  Roman  HYACINIHS. 
TI19  Lirgeat  Bulbs  of  the  Year. 

We  do  fwi  keep  a  Sfcond  Size 
Per  100,  15*.  ;    per  dozen,  25.  id. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  lor.  dd.  \  per  dozen.  \s.  dd. 

CARTERS'  Paper-white  NARCISSUS. 

Per  100,  lOj  bd.  ;  per  dozen,  ij.  (id. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  YeUow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  ICO.  4J,  td.  ;  per  dozen,  9 Y. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Per  joo,  3i.  bd.  ;  per  dozen,  td. 
ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 
For  further  particulars,  see 

Carters'  Illustrated  Cataloaue  of  Bulbs, 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FKEE. 


238,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 

Warrants  to 

H.U.  the  Queen. 

and  Hla  Royal  Highness 

the  Prince  of  Wales. 


Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FB.UIX  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

■with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copy-right  edition). 
See  Gardeners^  Chronicle  of  Sept  4,  p.  258.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered — clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 


EARLY  FORCING  AND  OTHER 
FLOWERING 

BULBS 

of  finest  quality,   in  endless  variety, 
at  moderate  prices. 

Catalogues  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 

LITTLE     &     BALLANTYNE, 

THE     QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

CARLISLE. 


C 


lUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

■sr  ^\VN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
^  .-  description.  Price  61.  per  bushel 
--1  '^  \i.s.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
^v    td  per  cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  paclc- 

I  IIj*)  ages  and  printed    cultural  directions 

I '       enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 

(Limited),       Nurserymen    and    Seed 

Merchants,  Highgate  Nu 


ODIliCffitablielul).' 


—  (Koo^e,  — 

SUPERB    QUALITY. 

%ht  39irk  of  SJoUanb. 


Prices  very  moderate, 

ffree  Deliveries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 
TfLtlvabU  altonpg.  Address  in  full — 

K^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS,^ 
Ibe  (Sjueen's  See&0inen,    "» \ 

GHESTEI^.    


September  ii,  i8S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


347 


xDARLINGTOlSI  GOLD  MEDAL 

]2)RESS 

pABRICS 


Are  now  supplied  direct  from  the  Manufactory,  at  Wholesale 
Price,  there  being  no  Intermediate  Profits  whatever. 


HENRY    PEASE  &   CO.'S  SUCC'RS 


SPINNERS  a7id  MANUFACTURERS, 
and  Sole  Makers  of  the  Celebrated 

GOLD    MEDAIi 

DARLIirTTni  DRESS  EABl^ICS, 


)  Tm 


ii^^^Cji'f^ 


Ladies  are  at  liberly  to  change  any 
goods  for  others  preferred  within 
seven  days,  and  should  not  fail  to 
see  our  large  box  of  Autumn  and 
Winter  patterns,  post  free. 


iby  H.RH.  the  Prina 
M  for  Patterns.  post-fre< 


;s  of  Wale 
,  oflhcirii 


,  invite  Ladies  i 
;w  makes  for  the 
possibly  desire. 


/  pirt  of  the  world  to  send  DiREci 
imn  and  Winter  Seasons  which  em. 
of  which  the  Daily  News  says  : — 


The  union  of  warmth  to  lightness,  so  necessary  to  health  Is  iu  these 
materials  brought  to  perfection. 

The  fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed-English  Wool, 
be  it  understood-lmparts  the  admirable  quality  of  draping  In  those  sott  folds 
now  so  essential  from  the  point  of  view  of  fashion. 

These  fabrics  were  awarded,  at  the  all-England  compeiition,  the  ONLY  GOLD  MEDAL,  at 
the  BRADFORD  TECHNICAL  EXHIBITKlN  opened  by  the  Prince  of  Wales.  Also  the 
Highest  Prucs  at  the  Exhibitions  of  1851,  186;,  &c.,  and  wherever  exhibited. 


AS  AN  ADDITIONAL  GUARANTEE  TO  LADIES 
5  the  actual  Manufacturers,  and  not  Advertising 
:  subjoin  the  fol- 

.■ing  examined  The  'Record  of  Wages'  paid  by 
hereby  certify  that  the  number  of  workoenple  em- 


ONE  THOUSAND  AND  TWENTT-SIX. 

—  MONKHOUSE, 


SPECIAL  ATTENTION  is  directed  to  our  celebrated  CROSS-W.-^RP  SERGES,  which,  alike,  resist  the  effects  of  weather  and  sea,  lOJd.  to  3s.  per  yard  ;  for 
Men's  and  Boy's  wear  (incltiding  the  "Clerical"  Serge),  these  will  be  found  "clear  away"  the  best  value  procurable,  2s.  to  8s.  6d.  per  yard  (56-in.  wide).  Our 
GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,  in  all  the  New  Colourings,  from  Is.  91  to  3a.  lid.  per  yard.  NEW  and  FASHIONABLE  COSTUME  CLOTHS  in  'great  variety 
from  ejd.  to  5s.  psr  yard,  including  "  The  LOWSTOCK,"  "  The  ASHEHURST,"  "  The  DAMIETIA,"  "  The  KHAIBER,"  "TheSHUMLA,"  "  The  TARAPACA  ' 
"The  PANAMA,"    "The   HOLSTEIN,"    "The  ZEELAND,"  &c. 

CHARMING   NOVELTIES  in  SKIRTINGS,   including   "The  YESSO,"    "The  NINGPO,"  "The  FOO-CHOO,"  &c. 

THE  DARLINGTON  BLANKETS  (sent  on  approbation)  are  warranted  Pure  Wool.     Money  returned  if  not  approved  of.    In  all  sizes  and  four  different  qualities. 

THE  DARLINGTON  MEN'S  UNDERCLOTHING  (Pants  and  Vests),  all  Pure  Wool,  are  made  on  our  own  premises.     Sent  on  approval. 

Address-HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS, 

SPINNERS   and   MANUFACTURERS,    THE    MILLS,    DARLINGTON.     Established,  1752. 

Flease  mention  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle, "  in  sending  for  Patterns 


The  Daily  Telegraph  of  August  20,  1S86,  in  a  Leading  Article,  states  :— "Tomato  growers  in  the  Channel  Islands  seem  in  a  fair  way  of 
making  fortunes.     There  is  no  doubt  the  time  is  near  when  the  market  will  be  as  well  supplied  with  Tomatos  all  the  year  round  as  Cucumbers  " 

THE  GUERNSEY  AND  JERSEY  FRUIT  AND  PRODUCE 

COMPANY,  LIMITED. 

Registered  under  the  Joitit  Stock  Companies'  Acts,   1862  to   1883,  whereby  the  liability  of  the 
Shareholders  is  limited  to  the  amount  of  their  Shares. 

CAPITAL    £20,000,    IN    4,000   SHARES   OF   £5    EACH. 

First  Issue  of  £15,000  (3,000  Shares)  without  premium,  a  number  of  which  have  been  already  takeu  up  privately. 
Payable  £2  10s.  on  Allotment,  and  it  is  not  intended  at  present  to  call  up  more  than  £3  10s.  per  Share. 

LONDON        BANKERS  —  CAPITAL    and     counties     bank.     Head    Office    and    Jersey. 

GUERNSEY    BANKERS— commercial  banking  company,  High  street. 

LONDON     OFFICE-4,  Tokenhouse  Buildings,  Bank  of  England.  GUERNSEY    OFFIOE-Glasshouses  and  Vineries.  Courtil  de  Jacques 

MANAGER-HENRY  de  jersey.  SECRETARY-EDWARD  oxenford  preston 


'^PHE   GUERNSEY  AND  JERSEY  FRUIT  and  PRODUCE 

J-  COMPANY  (Limited)  has  been  established  for  the  purpose  of  Growing  Fruit  and  the 
Produce  generally  of  the  Channel  Islands,  and  also  for  Receiving  such  Produce  from  Growers 
and  Supplying  the  same  direct  to  Consumers  and  Retail  Establishments.  The  Trade  has 
hitherto  been  almoat  entirely  in  the  hands  of  private  growers,  except  two  local  companies  which 
have  paid  their  shareholders  from  12  to  20  per  cent,  dividends,  and  is  well  known  to  be  of  a  most 
profitable  character. 

The  Directors  with  confidence  recommend  the  operations  of  this  Company,  for  which  there  is 
a  fine  opeoiDg,  as  an  unusually  safe  and  remunerative  investment — safe,  because  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  Company's  capital  is  being  invested  in  first-class  land  in  Guernsey,  and  Glasshouses  for  the 
Cuitivaticn  of  Grapes,  Melons,  Tomatos,  Beans,  and  other  Choice  Fruits,  which  are  supplied 
from  the  Channel  Islands  into  England. 

The  property  of  the  Company  will  increase  in  value  with  the  growth  of  the  Vines. 

As  showing;  the  Profits  derived  from  dealing  in  Fruit  and  Garden  Produce  of  the  Channel 
Islands,  the  Directors  are  informed  one  of  the  two  Companies  in  Guernsey  has  paid  its  Share- 
holders dividends  at  the  following  r 


Ih 

qu 

Upon  a  fair  estimate,   the 
year's  sales. 

The  Sales  of  Tomatos  fro 
arterofaton.      The  Directo 

Iter  crops,  which  prove  very 
One      300  feet  House. 
Two              ditto. 
Three           ditto. 
Four             ditto. 
Five             ditto. 

Directors  anticipate  a  dividend  of  at  lea^t  10  to 

n  one  house  only,  fir  the  week  ending  August  7, 
s  have  erected  on  the  Company's  Estate,  to  seci 
%■— 


•>  feet  Houat 
ditto, 
ditto. 


Ten 


One       180  feet  House. 
Two  ditto. 

Three  ditto. 

Four  ditto. 

Large  Vinery,  45  feet  wide, 
square 


■(■- 


;  building  operations  took  place  during  these  years. 


The  only  other  Vinery   Company  which  ( 


eJ  operations  recently  has  paid  its  Share- 


Total,  fourteen  long  Span  Glasshouses  and  large  Vinery,  making  a  total  of  about  50^ 

feet  of  Glass. 

The  Horticultural  Tiiius,  June  20   fefers  to  the  Company  as  follows  :  — 

"The  development  of  Market  G-irdening  in  the  Channel  Islands  has  often  been 
dealt  with  by  us,  and  we  are  glad  to  learn  that  efforts  are  being  mad«  to  still  further 
prove  what,  under  high  culture,    the    laud  will  produce.     The  Gurnsey  and  Jersey  Fruit 

and  Produce  Compaay  is  a  striking  example  of  this.      Incorporated  only  last  February 

when  its  esiate  did  not  contain  a  smgle  Elasshouse— it  his  n  jw  50.000  square  feet  of 
glass  erected  !  Having  as  local  manager  one  of  the  most  successful  growers  in  Guernsey, 
with  economical  management,  half  the  capital  only  called  up,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
capital  invested  in  freehold  land  and  houses,  and  of  progressing  value,  this  venture  will 
we  predict,  succeed.  It  has  started  in  the  right  spot,  umler  the  risht  mAnagemeni,  and 
is  raising  the  right  sort  ot  produce  As  we  write,  we  have  specimens  of  llie  Compai.y's 
first  Tomato  consignment  before  us— grown  without  heat— and  we  can  vouch  for  their 


excellent  quality.     Colour  and  size  are  almost  perfect." 

03"  Applications  for  Shares^  stating  mtmber  required^  can  be  7nade  to  tJu  Secretary  of  the  Guernsey  and  Jersey  Fruit  and  Produce  Company^ 
4,  Tokenhouse  Buildings^  Bank  of  England,  London,  E.C.j  or  to  tlie  Company's  Bankers,  Prospectuses  and  any  information  desired  will  be 
supplied  on  application. 


348 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(.September  ii,  1886. 


Pterls  cretlca  Mayll. 

HB.  MAY  is  now  ofifering  the  above,  which 
•  is  one  of  the  greatest  noveliies  of  the  season.  The 
Plant  is  dwarf  and  compict  in  habit  ;  the  fronds  beautifully 
branched  and  crested  :  and  the  variegation  very  distinct.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  lovely  FERNS  ever  cdered.  Has  been 
awarded  First  class  Certificates  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
and  Royal  Rotaric  Sociein^s, 

Well  furnihed  Plants,  in  4?'.',  ?(.  M.  each. 
Usual  Discount  to  the  Irade, 

Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton    Middlesex. 

SPECIAL  AND  CHEAP  OFFER 
TO  THE  TRADF,. 
AZALEA  PONTICA.  INDICA  ;  RHODODENDRON 
PONTICUM  ;  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA  and 
GRANDIFLORA  ;  SP1R/E4  JAPONICA  and  PALMATA  ; 
ACER  NEGUNDO  FOLIIS  VARTEGATIS  ;  CORYLUS 
AVELLANA  and  PURPUREA:  CORNUS  SIBIRICA  and 
•SANGUINEA  ;  PALMS  ;  LATANIA.  PHCENIX, 
CORYPHA,  KENTIA,  ARECA  :  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS  ;  ABIES  NORD- 
MANNIANA. 

Prices  and  full  ijarticulars  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 
P.     E.     FRANCKEN,    Nuiseryman.    Steenbrugge,    near 
Bruges,  Belgium. 


VICCARS,  COLLYER,  6t  CO.'S 

AUTUMN     CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  and  Fruit 
Specialities, 

MOW    READ);    GRATIS    AND    rOST-FREE. 
It  will  well  repay  ycu  to  send  for  it. 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  2s.  per  doz.,  14a.  6d.  per  100. 

Splendid  bulbs.     Full  particu'ars  of  the 

"PHENOMENON,"     a    White    BLACKBEKRY, 

"WILSON    JUNIOE,"    &C. 


CENTRAL    HALL,    LEICESTER. 

Telbgrai-hic  Addbes.s-"  CENTRAL  LEICESTER." 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^t^.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25r.  :  truck  (loose,  about  3  ton&), 
40J.  ;  4- bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   5«.   id.    per    sack 
5  sacks  255.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  2M.  ;  sacks, 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  u.gd.  per  bushel;  ijr  per  half 
ton,  261.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  41/.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IS   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  (,,!.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO 
BACCO  CLOTH.  RUSS^IA  MATS.  &c.  Write  (or 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH.  FR.H  S  .  2t.  Goldsmith  s 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W  C 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included  ) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  6d. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .  4s.  6d.      „      5  sacks  for  20s, 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "i 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  f  is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,bestonly  ..     (         (sacks  mciuded). 

PEAT  MOULD J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6a.  per  bush.,  14!.  half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     8r/.  lb.    28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (SpiScialitiO    Srf.  lb.,  28  lb  i8s. 

MUSH  ROOM  S  PAWN,  finest  MiUtrack  . .     5s.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2S.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 

CHUBBS  -PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 
all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits,  Vegetables,Sic.  Tins,  is.  6d. 
Bags— 7 lb.,  3*.;  I4lb.,5i.:  2Slb..8s.;  561b., 14^.;  icwt,22S. 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb,  3s.;  28  lb. ,  5s.  6rf. ; 
561b,  ios.6d.;  I  cwt,  17s.  f per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quaHty  only,  2s.  6d. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  ts.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13:.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  : 
30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
35s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only.  2S.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Ca.sh  with  order. 


CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL    LONDON,   E. 


Soluble  fararrin 

GARDEN  INSECTICIDE 


MILDEW  on  ROSES  and  other  PLANTS, 
GREEN  FLY,  and  RED  SPIDER  can  all  be  extir- 
pated by  using  Harris's  specially  prepared  SULPHIDE  of 
POTASSIUM,  of  which  enough  to  make  thirty-two  gallons  of 
solution  may  be  had  post-free  lor  Oi.e  Shilling,  from  the  Sole 
Manufacturers.  PHILIP  HARRIS  AND  CO.,  Wholesale 
Chemists,  Bull  Ring,  Birmingham.  Special  qu: 
large  quantities.     For  many  favourable  reports 


edy. 


Gardeners' 


Gardening  Journals. 


Pints,  IS.  :    Quarts,  is.  M.  ;   Gallons,  5s.  6d. 
R.    M.    PHILLIPPS   &   CO..    DARTFORD,    KENT 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1S54. 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

Sealed  Bags  only, 


7  lb.         14  lb.        28  lb.        56  lb.        1  cwt. 

W    "4/6"    "7/6"    I2/6     20/^ 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE   MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,     LONDON,    E. 

C.  &  L.  also  supply  Crushed  Bones,  Bone  Dust.  Peruvian  Guano, 
S  jlphate  of  Ammonia,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda,  in  best  qualities  only. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d,  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  lor  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  m  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  IJ.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manuactory.  or  is.  Sd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Sution  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  The  RyUys,  Alderhy  Lod^e. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  ii  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  Sec,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
116,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 

PURE    WOODCHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES, 
ROSES,  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 

HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  Manufacturers,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 

RCHANGEL,   TAGANROG,     PETERS- 

BURt;,  and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA    FIBRE,  new  arrival,   at  reduced  price.      SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.   ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES.  TAR- 
PAULINS and  HORSE  CLOTHS.     Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 


THE    MOST    COMPLETE 

STANDARD  WORKS  on  ORCHIDS. 


THE  ORCHID  ALBUM, 

COLOURED  FIGURES  and  DESCRIPTIONS 

NEW,  RARE.  &  BEAUTIFUL  ORCHIDACEOUS  PL4NTS 
Cultivated  In  this  Countxy- 

ROBERT    WARNER,  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S., 
Author  of  "  Select  Orchidaceous  Plants," 

BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  F.L.S.  F.R.H.S. 
Author  of  *■  The  Orchid  Growers'  Manual."  &c. 

THOMAS    MOORE,    F.L.S.,    F.R.H.S.. 

Curator  of  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Gardens. 

The  Culouted  Figures  by  JOHN  NUGENT  FITCH.  F.L.S., 

Dedicated  by  special  permission  to  Her  Royal  Highness 

the  Ptiucess  of  Wales. 

Five    Vo'umfs,   containing    240  Hand-coloured  Plates,    Now 

ready,  Price  ^15    itnbound,  or  bound  in  strong  kand- 

ioine  coven  nith  gilt  edges  ^  Price  £,\b  ics. 

This  Album  is   issued  in  Royal  Quatto,  which  enables  the 

Artist  to  produce  aniole  and  intelligible  portraits  of  the  plants, 

which  are  drawn  and  coloured  by  hand  in  I  lie  best  itilf. 

The  Text  comprises  English  boianical  descriptions  of  the 
plants  figured,  notes  on  their  cultivation,  and  such  general 
observations  concerning  them  as  may  be  likely  to  prove  of 
interest  or  utility  to  Orchid-growers. 

The  Work  is  issued  regularly  in  Monthly  Parl5.  Each  Part 
contains  four  hAn^somcXy  hand- colour ea  Plates,  v/'nh  dtscnplive 
Lettei press;  and  a  Volume,  consisting  of  Twelve  Parts,  is 
completed  annually. 

Price  ss.  per  Part,  or  6oj.  per  annum  (  Twelve  Parts)  Post  free 

Vols.  I  .  II.,  III.,  IV.,  and  V.  can  be  supplied,  bound  compltt  , 

with  gilt  edges,  price  ^3  6j.  each. 


JUST    PUBLISHED, 

THE 

ORCHID-GROWERS' 
MANUAL, 

Sixth  Edition,  Enlarged  and  Revised. 

BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS.  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S. 

Author  of  ihe  "  Orchid  Album," 

"  Selected  Ferns  and  Lye  apods."  "  Choice  Stove  and  Greenhcu;e 

Flowering  Plants,"  '  Choice  Stove  and  Greenhouse 

Ornamental-leaved  Platti."  &c. 

Post  Ivo.,  Cloth,  Price  i^s.  ;  Free  by  Parcels  Post,  iSJ.  td. 

Profusely  Illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  page  and  double- 
page  Engravings  on  WooJ.  together  with  Blocks  illustrative 
of  types  of  the  various  genera. 

This  popular  work  has  been  entirely  re-modelled  and  revised 
up  to  the  present  time,  and  has  been  enlarged  to  659  page?.  It 
coniains  descriptions  of  upwards  of  1470  species  and  varieties  of 
Orchidaceous  plants,  together  with  478  synonyms  ;  also  author- 
ites  for  the  names,  the  families  to  which  the  various  genera 
belong,  the  flowering  period,  native  county,  and  references  to 


Published  by  B.  S.  WILLIAMS, 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,  LONDON,  N. 

May  also  be  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  the  foUowiog  Agents : — 

Agent /or  ihe  Ccntiuent — 

Mr.  NILSSON,  12,  Rue  Auber.  Paris. 

Agent  for  U.S.  Amerita- 

Mr.  CHAS.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Sirset,  Philadelphia. 

Agent /or  India-~ 

Mr.  J.  P.  CHATTKRJEE.  73,  Narcoldaugh  Marn  Road, 

Calcutta. 

Agent /or  Somh  America— 

Mr   P.  M.  BINOT,  Nuiseryman,  Petropolis,  Brazil. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO. 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    BOW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.a 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages., 
sent  post'free  on  application. 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


349 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    RafHa,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Woric,  Manures.  &C.      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  Ixindon,  E.C. 

rTchardson's 


Hyacinths  In  Pots. 
)OTS       MADE      EXPRESSLY 

for  HYACINTHS  can  be  supplied  by 
.  J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 
Price  LISTS  Iree. 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


Cucumber  Frames 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO     desire  to 
•     draw    special    -ittentijn   to   their    Cucumb-r    Frames 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —       £,  s.  d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  1    p^^v-  „     I       3  10    o 
a-hght  frame,  i»  feet  by  6  feet  Yc'llff..  \       5     5     o 
6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet  j  "-^"^  "°*  t     10     o     o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied   in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAYandCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester. 


TO    SBEDSMEN,   FLORISTS,    &c. 

GEORGE  HARRISON, 

182,    DRURY    LANE,    LONDON,    W.C, 


BOUQUET        WIRE. 


lib. 


BLUE  WIRE,  on  Reels,  c,'/ 

BLUE  WIRE,  for  Stalks,  ^^iU.  per  lb.,  in  3M  in.,  7  in.,  and 

ro-in,  lengths. 
BRIGHT    WIRE,    for    Camellias.     f>\id.   per  lb.,    in  7in. 

lengths  ;  (30)  H%d.  per  lb. 
BLUE  WIRE,  in  Rings,  from  41.  per  stone  of  14  lb. 

N.  B.  No  less  than  3  In.  packets  of  Reel  Wire,  or  61b.  packets 
of  Stalk  Wire  at  these  prices^ 

Coloured  Illustrations  of  Bulbous  Flowers 

FOR  SHOP   WINDOWS. 

HOOPER'S  ILLUSTRATED  BULB 
WINDOW  TICKETS  are  an  immense  improvement 
to  the  appearance  of  Shop  Windows,  and  greatly  assist  the 
^  tony-eight  leading   varieties   now   ready,    price    91. 


thes 


HOOPER 


CO  ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


BOULTON     &     PAUL,     NORWICH. 


No   75  —Melon  or  Cucumb  r  Frames 

Cish  Prices— Carnage  Paid.  P.  ice.         Pa.zking  la  .e. 

feet  long   ..  6  leei  wide     ..     j^i     50     ..     4J.  (  Alljwed 


41.  (  Allowed  in 
SS.i  ful  if  retd. 
5/6  I   car.  paid. 


R    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE    BUILDERS    and     HOT-WATER     ENGINE 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 


ERS, 


Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenliouses,  Peach  Bouses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  pi; 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  woi 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  fir 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected   and  success  guarante 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock.  ' 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues /ree.     Custotfters  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom, 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS 


he     I 


feet  long  ..6 
6  feet  long  . ,  6  f 
These  Frames  are  ij  inche*  de -p  in  front,  and  24  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  3  inches  Illicit,  w.ih  a  strong  in  n 
strengthening  rod,  and  one  handle  to  each  light.  All  p,ic  ted 
four  oats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  gljz -d  with  best 
2i-or.  English  bIx-^s.  O.ders  amounting  to  40  .  carnage  paid 
to  most  Railwry  Stations  in  End  "d  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT-WATER  APPAR.\TUS 

for  Healing  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATAI  OOUE.  fieein  app'icat'oi. 

Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition, 1886, 


DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


J^'—  -  li^R^ 


"j^^   S.  OWENS  &  CO., 

mi.   HYDRAULIC      ENGINEERS, 

WHITEFRIARS  Sr,=iEFT,  LONDON,  E.C, 


No.  37.     DEEP  WELL  PUMP.S  for  H 

No.  63.     PORT.ABLE  IRRIGATORS, 

Steam  Power. 


THE    IMPROVED    SELF-ACTING    HyDRauliC    RAM. 

This  useful  Self-acting  Appsiratus,  which  works  day  and  night  without  needing  attention,  will  raise  water  to 
r^     *".''  P^'S"'  or  distaiice  without  cost  for  labour  or  motive-power,  where  a  lew  feet  fall  can  be  obtained,  and  is 
suited  for  supplying  Pubbc  or  Private  Estabbshments,  Fann  Buildings,  Railway  Stations   &c 


nd.  Steam,  or  other  Power, 
dth  Double  or  Treble  BaiTels  for  Horse  or 
(Gaidi 


No.  49.     GARDEN  ENGINES,  of  all  sises,  in  Oak  or  Galvanised  Iron  Tubs. 

No.  54^.  THE    CA.SSIOBURY    FIRE    EXTINGUISHER,    as   designed   for    the 

Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
No.  44.     WROUGHT-IRON  PORTABLE  PUMPS  ol  all  sizes. 
No.    4.     CAST-IRON  GARDEN,  YARD,  or  STABLE  PUMPS. 


No.  46*  IMPROVED   DOUBLE..\CTION   PUMPS  on  BARROW  ftir  Watering 
No.  49a.  GALVANISED  SWING  WATER  CARRIERS,  for  Garden  use. 
No.  so  and  543.     FARM  and  M.^NSION  FIRE  ENGINES  of  every  description. 
No.  38.     PORTABLE  LIQUID  MANURE  PUMPS,  on  Legs,  with  Flexible  Suction. 

WATER-WHEELS  ^^'l^^^itc'''^v^t^lTuT%t^'S'i'^'°^^l)\^^  Work  lor  Mansions,  Farms.  &c.,  comprising  PUMPS,  TURBINES, 

HYDRANTS    HOSE  mA^si^     *^^}^  CLOSETS.    G.VSWORK.S.  Apparatus  for  LIQUID    MANURE  disttibution,    FIRE  MAINS 

tlYUKA.'Nls,  MUbK,  l-lPEb,  &c.,  &c.  Particulars  taken  in  any  part  oj  the  Country.       Plans  and  Estimates  /urnisked 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUES    CAN    BE    HAD    ON    APPLICATION. 


350 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(September  ii,  1886. 


B 


Russia  Mats— RaflQa. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,    of  all    qualiiies        RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  &c.      All  these  goods  at  t.ower  Prices  than  any 
other  film.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MAR  KN  PAZ  AND  FISHKk.  J.imesSi..  rpvent  Garden,  W.C. 

AMBOO  CANE.— No  Nursery  or  Garden 

should  be  without  it.    Ten  times  more  durable  than  wood, 

sily  manufactured. 

.  B.   HARKIN.  Importer.  Button  Street,  Liverpool. 

"greenhouses^ 

No.  4,  Span-roof,  plain,  tub 
of  the  best  construction.  Price, 
erected  complete  {with  brick- 
woik)  Within  15  miles  of  Lon- 
don Bridge  ;  propcrtionate 
part     of     the 


ItlltiitllliiifflM^ 


untry. 
portion. 

Loughborough  Hot-water  Aoparalus  (fixed),  extra  as  below  ; — 
Sue.       Price.     H  W.Ap.  I  Size.        Price.     H.WAp. 

lift,  by  %il.,  {.to  o  ,.  ,£5  15  Usft.  by  15ft  .£58  o..;iioi5 
isft.  by  9ft.,  33  o..  6  5  30T.  by  15'!.,  71  o.  12  5 
10ft.  bv  I2lt.,      4210  8  15  I  40ft.  by  i7(t.,  in     o..     22     o 

ILLUSTRATED  SHRKTS  ol  Conservatories.  Greenhouses, 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Ereclins  and  Healing.  FREE. 

SURVKYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE.     DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 


R4L  BUII.DKRS  AND  HoT.l 

}  LONDON 


BRIDGE. 


■3  feet  boxes, 


of   16-OZ.    glass 


21-OZ.  Foreign  oF  the  above  siz 
3ds  and  4ths  qualiiies,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock    of  similar   ciure 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtamed  from 

GEOB.GE    FARMILOE    A    SOKTS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smitlifleld,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List-and  Prices  on  af-plication.      Quote  Chronicle. 

BOULTON   k    PAUL^NORWICH, 

LAWN    WATERINQ 

MACHINE, 

WitU  Powerful  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 

implement  is  most 
1  large  gardens  ;  is 
Ilea  wiih  valve  and  spread- 
r  (or  distributing  water  or 
quid  manure.  Waterpots 
■  id  pails  can  be  filled  when 

Cash  Price-Carriage  Paid. 
Complete  (3";  galls.)  £5  los. 


.8  gall 
,        \         nistd  Steel  Tank   /i  I2t. 

-!l  ^.^ ,-      Kogall    Barrow   with  Gah a- 

V5ll|llf^i^     T        nisedSteellank   Iz 
" ~^n^f^-?^,   /  \  y  36  gall    Bairow,    with    Oak 

catalogue' 0/  G4/xD£V   mrLFMENT'! 
sent/ret  on  apfUiation. 

BOULTOW     et.    PAUI.,      NORWICH. 

THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


Tbe  Beat 

and  Quickest 

made. 


\atet  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  31/.  each  ; 
■  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  6(/.  each. 
Full  lltuUraltd  Rev  sed  Price  List  on  n^piicationr 

To  nurserymen.  Seed  Mercliants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
(rce  on  application.— 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C    1 


WARNER'S    WINDMILLS   for    PUMP- 
ING, DRAINAGE,  or  IRRIGATION.       Nothing 
better  in  favourable  positions. 


WARNER'S   STAR  WINDMILLS. 
Gold  and  Silver  Medals  award-d,  Calcutta  Exhibition,  i8i 
Fruit  Graver  ivliere  it  gives  great  j 


xtis- 


ith  very  light  bt 
"  Swdnley,  Kent,  October  18.  18S3. 
"Gentlemen. — lam  glad  to  be  able  to  inform  jou  that  the 
Wind  Engine  you  fi.xed  for  me  about  a  i  ear  ago  gives  great 
satisfaction,  as  it  is  very  seldom  that  there  is  not  enough  wind 
to  work  it,  as  it  works  with  a  very  light  breeze,  except  in  one 
direction,  where  trees  shelttr  it  too  much  — Yours  tinly. 
"  Messrs.  J.  Warner  &  Sons."  "  H.  STAPLES. 

Testimmiial from  a  Scotch  Laird,  'Mho  snvs  it  is  '.forking 
admirably — a  cicctdea  success — saves  laborious  1001  k. 

■'  Island  of  Coll,  A-g.llshtre.  N.B..  October  ^i,  1883. 

"  Dear  Sirs.  — I  enclose  a  cheque  in  payment  of  accouit  for  ihe 

Windmill,  which  is  working  admirabiy.     So  far  it  is  a  decided 

success,  and  the  previous  hand-piimper  is  saved  much  laborious 

work.-Vours  truly,  "JOHN  JAMES  STEWART. 

••  Messrs.  John  Warner  &  Sons. ' 
Prices  and  Catalrgue  upon  application. wiihdata  of  requirements. 
JOHN  WARNER  and  SONS,  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripple- 
■     idon,  E.C.  ;  and  the   Foundry  Woiks,  Walion-on-the- 


,  Ess< 


nd  Plutnber 


RDSber  s  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


•"FHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

i      are     made     in     materials    of     great     diirabilit.  1  he 

plainer  sorts  are  .specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,   consequently  being 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stine, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  fini.sh,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 
ufacturers.    Upper    Ground 
's    Road,    Chelsea,    S.W.  ; 


heaper. 


F.    ROSHER 
Street,     Blackfriars,    S.E. 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  .also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supphed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3r.  per  square  yaid  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  ic.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  ol  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

S  ' 


E      R  SAND, 

^     -  -  —   desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
.^^^^^'i"^'\X,^Hf'°"j.    Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 


FLINTS  and  liKICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above, 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  tbe 

r>AILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
t     COM  PANV  (Fslablished  1840),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1,000.000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compeusati-jn   paid     lor     112,000    Accidents,    ,£2.215,000. 

Chaiinian,  Hakvie  M.  Fakquhar,  Esq. 
Apply   to   the  Cleiks   at   the   Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  (Jflice  :  — 8,  Grand  Kjtel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


To   TravelleTS,    Commission   Agents,   &c.,    having 

iofiuence  amongst   Fiuit  Groweis,    fgurserymen,    and    the 
Trade  generally. 

WANTED,  by  an  old-established  English 
house,  infiuemial  REPRESENTATIVES  throu.hout 
the  United  Kingdom  and  abroad,  to  introduce  Plants  of  certain 
stiiking  and  most  valuable  novelties  in  the  Fruit  Department. — 
Adoress.  REVOLUTION.  T.  W.  Hannaford,  73,  Ludgate 
Hill,  London,  E.C. 

ANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER.    Must 

be  a  thoroughly  energetic  working  man,    experienced 
in  the  Management  of  Men  and  well   up  in  all  Forcing,  Fruit - 
and  Flower  Growing,  also  in  Shrubs  and  Planting.     A  marrit^-r.- 
man   without   young   children.      Wife  could    be    employed  *S" " 
Laundress.     Only  men  who  have  been  Head   Gardeners  need 
apply.— H.  HARRIS,  Sleventon  Manor,  Micheldever, 

ANTED,  a  HEAD   WORKING    GAR- 

DENER,  where  four  men  are  kept.  Must  thoroughly 
understand  Vine;.  Married  man,  without  family,  preferred. 
Wages,  20r.  per  week  with  house  and  coils.  —  W.  Z. 
RAICLIFFE,  32,  Castle  Street,  Liverpool. 

WANTED,  a  middle-aged  MAN,  Indoors, 
well  up  in  Kitchen  Garden,  and  capable  of  Keeping  a 
Small  Greenhouse  well  supphed  wiih  Flowers.  — 1  hose  willing 
to  make  themselves  useful  and  with  good  refcieices,  apply, 
MANAGER,  Galleon's  Hotel,  Royal  Albeit  Dock,  E 

ANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  competent 

practical  FOREMAN,  who  thoroujihly  understf.nds 
Market  Garden  and  General  Nursery  Work.  Must  be  active, 
intelligent,  and  accustomed  to  the  Management  cf  Men. 
Highest  references  required.- Apply  in  the  first  instance,  stat- 
ing age,  experience,  salary,  and  lull  parlicul.irs,  t)  W.  W.  J.  &  s, 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Seed  Merchants,  152,  Houndsditcti,  E. 


WANTED,  an  INDOOR  FOREMAN,  well 
up  in  Growing  Plants  for  M.atket.-Applv,  in  own 
handwriting,  stating  age,  wages,  &c.,  to  WILLI  AM  BARRON 
AND  SON,  Elvaston  Nurseiies,  8orrowa=h,  Detbi. 

ANTED,    a   first-class    BOUQUETIST. 

Well  up  in  Wreaths,  Crosses.  Sprays,  and  Bulton- 
!S,  Must  have  had  good  experience.  —  THOMSONS', 
High  St.eet,  Birmii  gham. 


w 


hol< 


To  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

WANTED,  Two  young  LADS,  about  15  or 
16,  to  Learn  the  Florist  and  Nursery  Business,  under 
gla-s,  for  market.  References  required. —J.  HAMLIN. 
Blelchley  Nur-ery,  Bucks. 


WANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 
in  a  Se--d.man  and  Floiiit's.  in  the  City. -Apply, 
stating  Wages  expected,  &c.,  to  SHOPMAN,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


Gardeners,  Head  and  Under. 

THE  BIRMINGHAM  and  MIDLAND 
COUNTIES  GARDENERS'  MUTUAL  IMPROVE- 
MENT ASSOCIATION  have  upon  their  Register  COM- 
PETENT and  ENERGETIC  MEN  of  excellent  character. 
Ladies  or  Gentlemen  requiring  either  of  the  above,  can  obtain 
paiticujars  byapplying  lu  J.  HUGHES,  Hon.  Secreiaty,  North- 
Harborne,  Birmingham. 


wood  Villas,  Mstchle' 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  prrticulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNtDY  AND  CO..  108.  High  Street.  Dumfries,  N.B. 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

SIEWARDS,    BAILIFFS    or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter.^ 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holborn.  W.C. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Piinces  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

RICHARD  SMITH  aTn  D  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  ate  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they   will   be    able   to  supply  any    Lady   or  Gentleman   with 

"         '    "     '  =    Miirco.rip.e;^   WorCCSter, 


paItlcuIars^&c. — St.  John's  N 

GARDENER  (Head).— John  Derricutt, 
eleven  years  Gardener  to  the  laie  Sir  H.  Edwards,  Bart., 
C.B..  seeks  re-engagement  in  good  establishment.  Thoroughly 
practical  in  all  branches.  Reference  permitted  to  Dowager 
Lady  Edwards,  Pye  Nest,  Halifai:. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 
Ottersha-v  Park,  Chertsey,  Suirey,  can  with  confidence 
reccmmend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
qiiiiiiig  the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in  pre- 
sent situaiion. —  For  lurther  particulars  please  address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  married, 
three  children.— T.  A.  Glovhr,  Gardener  to  W.  Evill, 
Esq.,  Worcester  Court,  Worcester  Park,  Suriey,  seeks  re-en- 
gagement where  four  or  more  are  kept.  Well  up  In  all  branches 
of  his  profession.  Eighteen  years'  practical  experience  in  good 
establishments.  Five  years'  excellent  character.  Leaving 
through  place  changing  hands. 

ARDENER  (Head);   Age  37.— N.   Ger- 

MAN.  for  the  past  six  years  Gardener  to  the  late  T.  B. 
Cutts,  Esq.,  Malvern  House,  and  previously  four  years  with  C 
G.  Hill,  Lsq. ,  of  Nottingham,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  in  want  of  Gardener  or  Orchid  Grower. 
Characters  from  boyhood.— N.  GERMAN,  Malvern  House, 
Nottingham. 


September  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


351 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. 
—  First-clasb  in  all  branches.  Many  yj'ars'  excellent 
character.  Active  and  indu>trious.-A.  B.  CHAMBERLAIN, 
Baker.  Twickenham. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  37,  married  ; 
understands  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Early  and 
Late  Forcing.  Good  Kitchen  Gaidener.  Good  character  and 
relerecces.-H.  TILBURY,  8,  HilKide  Grove,  Southgate. 

GARDENER  (Head).— J.  Trigger,  The 
Gardens,  Milton  Park,  Peterborough,  can  with  confi- 
dence recommend  his  present  Foreman,  James  Upex,  to  any 
Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  requiring  a  good  P;a"ical 
all-round  Gardener.     Four  years  in  present  situation.— Address 

01  ARDENER  (Head).  —  Thoroughly 
J  practical.  Indoors  and  Out  ;  Fruits,  Flowers,  and 
Vegetables  ;  Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Kitchen  and  Flower 
Garden  ;  also  Oruamen'al  Grounds  &c.  Highly  recommended 
by  employers  and  others  Nineteen  years'  unexceptionable 
character.  — B.,  3,  Yew  Tree  Cottage,  Esher,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Long  practical  ex- 
perience in  all  branches.  Would  not  orject  to  engage 
with  any  Gentleman  who  thought  of  Erecting  Glass  for  Horii- 
cultural  Purposes,  with  a  view  to  make  it  a  paying  i-ffair.  Wife 
Dairy,  Fowls,  or  Laundry. — H.  HAZEL,  Gardener,  Weasen- 
ham,  Swaffham,  Norlolk. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Good 
Manager  of  Men,  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  charge 
ol  a  good  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  recommended  m 
every    respect.  —  GEORGE    MORRISS,     Chapel   Squire, 


Kimbollon,  St.  Neo 


,  Hu 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  31,  married' 
toial  abstainer —Walter  Edwards.  Gardener  to  A. 
H.  Lancaster.  Esq.,  Honeylands.  Waltham  Abbey,  Essex,  has 
had  some  experience  in  Rock  Building  with  Herbaceous  Plant 
Culture  and  the  general  routine  of  good  Gardens  eighteen 
years — is  now  open  to  an  engagement. 

GARDENER  (Head).— J.  W.  Mills,  fifteen 
and  a  half  years  Head  Gardener  to  the  Kiaht  Honourable 
Lord  Digby.  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady.  N..bieman  or 
Gentleman  lequiiing  the  same.  Can  be  well  recommended  by 
present  emphner.  Well  up  in  General  Work.  -MINTEKN, 
Cerne.  Dorchester. 


ry  ARDENER  (He.\d).— Married,  no  family  ; 

'J  has  had  long  and  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening,  more  particularly  in  the  Culture  of  Orchids,  having 
had  charge  of  two  of  the  finest  collections  in  the  country.  Will 
be  glad  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  reqiiii-ing  the 
services  of  a  thoroughly  practical  man. — G.,  F.  Sander  &  Co., 
St,  Alban's. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  36.— Charles 
Herrin,  for  the  past  ten  years  Gardener  to  the  late  J. 
N.  Hibberl.  Esq.,  Chalfont  Park,  seeks  a  re-eneagemeni. 
Leaving  through  death  of  employer,  and  break-up  of  the 
establishment.  Thoroughly  practical  knowledge  in  alt  depart- 
ments of  Gaidening  and  Estate  Work.— C.  HEKRIN,  Gerard's 
Cross,  Buckinghamshire 

ARDENER  (Head);  married,  no  family. 

— W.  King,  late  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Jersey,  is 
desirous  of  re-engagemeut  with  any  Nobleman,  Lady,  or 
Gentleman,  requiring  a  thorough  ptaciical  man.  Thoroughly 
experienced  in  every  branch  of  the  profession.  Highest  refer- 
ences as  to  character  and  abilities.— W.  KING,  Mr.  Moise, 
Nurseryman.  Epsom,  Surrey. 

(^  ARDENER  (Head,  Working).— Can  be 

VX  strongly  recommended  by  his  present  employer. — W. 
WETHERLEY,  The  Cottage.  Shooter's  Hill,  S.E. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  2S  ; 

fourteen  years'  practical  expeiience  in  all  branches  of 
the  profession.  Good  references.  —  M.,  22,  High  Street, 
ijevenoaks,  Kent. 


C GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38, 
^  married,  one  girl  (age  rt) :  thorough,  experienced.  Six 
years  in  present  situation.  Seven  previous. — C.  C,  Lucombe 
Pince  ft  Co..  Exeter. 

/  1  ARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— Age  45, 

VJ  married,  no  encumbrance  ;  six  years  in  last  situation. 
Le.ving  through  death  of  employer.— J.  ATKINS,  4,  St, 
Leger  Place,  Doncaster. 

C:j.ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
T  married  :  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants.  Orchids,  Fruit,  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardening.  Good  reference.- H.  W., 
Ashby  St.  Ledger's,  Rugby. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  in  a  good 
Establishment.— Age  17  ;  late  Gardener,  Uunstan  Castle. 
His  Mother  and  Sister  would  undertake  the  Management  of  a 
Gentleman's  Laundry.  Four  and  a  half  years'  excellent  chi- 
racter.  — GARDENER.  Laurel  Cottage.  Carhampton,  Taunton. 

GARDENER  (Head,   where  one  or  more  is 
kept,   or    gnod    Sl.N'GLE-HANr  ED).— Age   26;    thorough 
experience.        Good    relerences^ — J.  B.  -      .         ,- 


G^ 


,  Walton-in-Th,, 


Good   Practical.      Sixteen 

r.— J.  COCKS.  Felcott 


GARDENER,  where  help  is  given,  or  good 
iECOND.— Well  up  in  House  Work.  Good  relerences. 
Kindly  siaie  wagcs.-GARDENER,  Maud's  Elm  Gardens, 
Cheltenham. 


GARDENER     (Single-handed).  —  Eight 
ycjrs*   experience,    in   and    outdoors.     Good   character. 
Christian.— \V.  F.,  Wu.dstuck.  Oxoo.  

GARDENER  (Single-handed).— Married  ; 
five  and  a  halt  yea's'gnod  reference.— F.  LEATHER- 
DALE    Ea.ton.  Wickham  Market. 


C ^ARDENER,  good  Kitchen  and  Flower,  or 
■^  otherwise. — Age  30,  married,  one  child  ;  good  characters 
from  previous  and  three  years  in  present  situation.— H.,  The 
Gardeni,  Forest  Lodge,  Farubotough,  Hants. 


/'IJ.ARDENER,  where  help  is  given,  or  good 

vJ  Single-handed. — Aee28,  sinele  ;  thoroughly  experienced 
ill  the  general  routine  of  Gardening.  Near  Loudon  preferred 
Good  references.  —  F.  W.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed). — Age  23, 
single;  understands  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Flowers,  and 
general  Gardening  Good  chiracter. — R.  H.  L.,  Poulton 
House.  Hampton.  Middlesex  


GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  other- 
wise.— Age  30,  single  ;  thoroughly  practical.  Willing  to 
be  useful.  Highest  references  as  to  ability  and  character. — 
J.  F..  2,  Worole  Road.  Eds  >ni.  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). 
— Age  25  ;  thoroughly  practical.  Two  years'  gord 
character— J.  W.,  i,  Lewii  Road,  Coldharb.ur  Lane,  Cam- 
berwell.  S.E, 


GARDENER  (Second).— Age  27,  married. 
Twelves  years'  experience,  sevea  years  as  Second  in 
Large  Establishmenls.  Disengaged.- A.  JESSUP,  The 
Grove.  Lhurch  Street,  Epsom^ 

GARDENER  (Second),  in  a  good  Estab- 
lishment.— Age  24  :  ten  years'  first-class  experience  ; 
thirteen  months'  good  character  ui  present  situation.- J.  D., 
73A.  Manor  Street.  King's  Road.  Clieliea,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (SECOND).  —  Age  25,  single; 
understands  the  Cultivation  of  Vines,  Peacnes,  Melons, 
and  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Two  years*  good  character 
from  present  situation  Twelve  years'  practical  experience  in 
all  branches. —C.  FITKIN,  The  Gardens,  Knowle  Hill, 
Cobham,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Under),  where  three  or  four 
are  kept,  or  Third  in  a  lander  establishment.— Age  24  : 
good  references.  Chriatiin. — T.  H.,  The  Crook,  Bramley  Hill, 
Croydon.  S.K. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  21  ;  five  years' 
experience.     Inside   and    Out.— H.    REDDAN,    Over 
Whitacre,  near  Coleshill. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  21  ;  seven 
years'  experience.  Left  through  aeath.  Thoroughly 
understands  Fcuit  and  Flowers  Refarenc^s  good.  —  H. 
BAZh:LEV,  Piiikney's  Green    Maidenhead.  Kerks. 

GARDENER  (Under),  to  work  in  the 
Houses  preferred. —  Age  21  ;  five  years'  good  character. — 
GEORGE  BuSWORTH,  The  Gardens,  Elmdon  Hall,  near 
Birmingham. 

GARDENER  (Under).  —  Age  i8;  steady 
and  willinj.  Can  be  highly  recommended.  The  Houses 
preferred.— W.  BUCKLES,  Stratford  St.  Mary,  Colchester, 
Suffolk. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  25  ;    ten 
years'  experience  in  all  branches.— A.  McLEOD,  3,  Lime 
Tree  Villas,  Albert  Road,  South  Norwood,  S.E. 

FOREMAN,  inside  ;  age  25^.— E.  Smith  is 
open  to  an  engagement  as  above.  Ten  years'  experience. 
Can  be  well  recommended. — E.  J.  SMITH,  Much-Dewchurchj 
Hereford. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  76  :  eleven  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— Particulars  to  E.  SANDFORD,  The 
Gardens,  Dale  Park.  Aru-jdel.  Sussex. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.— .Age  23  ;  nine  and  a  half  years*  experience. 
Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers  — A. 
SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Brambletye,  East  Grinstead. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
26  ;  twelve  years'  good  practical  experience  in  large 
establishments  ;  can  be  well  recommended  from  last  and  pre- 
vious situations.— H.  H.  G.,  36,  New  Street,  St.  John's  Wood, 
N.W. 

O  R  E  M  A  N,    in   the    Houses.— Age   28  ; 

twelve  years'  experience  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden  Work. 
Highly  recommended.— H.  GILBERT,  Gardens,  Soulhwick 
Park,  Fareham,  Hams. 


IJ'GREMAN,   in    the    Houses,   or    GENERAL 

X'  in  a  good  establishment.— Well  up  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession  ;  thirteen  years'  experience  in  leading  p'aces  in  Eng- 
land and  Ireland.— J.  S.,  Mr.  F.  Webber,  Quarry  Hill  Nur- 
sery, Tonbridge.  Kent. 

FOREMAN.— Mr.  Hoskins,  Stansted  Park 
Gardens.  Emsworth,  Hants,  will  b;  pleased  to  recom- 
mend his  Foreman,  C.  Diciter,  as  above.  Has  been  with  him 
two  yeais.  Twelve  years'  experience.  Previously  at  Ment- 
more,  Eridge  Castle,  Enville.  &c. 


FOREMAN  (General).— Age  27  ;  fifteen 
years'  exptrience  in  the  routine  of  Gardening.  Can  be 
well  recommended.  Please  state  particulars.— H.  T.,  Gnr- 
diners'  Clironicle  Oflice,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  (General),  or  GROUND 
FOKEMaN  (Working).— Age  36  ;  twenty  years'  expe- 
rience in  the  whole  routine  of  the  business.  Unexceptionable 
rt-ferenceas  t-'Ch,.racter  and  abiutv.  — hOR'^M '\N,  Gardeners* 
Chromcle  Office.  41.  Weliinston  Street.  Strand,  W  C 


FOREMAN,  PROp"aGATOR,  and 
GROWER.  — Age  35  ;  twenty  years'  pracdial  experience 
in  Plants  and  Cut  Flowers,  Bouquets.  Wreaths.  &c.  G jod 
Salesman.  Four  years'  character  as  above. —G.  PESTRIDGE, 
5.  Orchard  Road,  Brentford. 

ROPAGATOR  and  GROWER,  for  Market 

Nurseiy.— Well  up  in  Stove,  Cold-house,  and  Out-door 
Plants.  Ten  years  in  the  Trade.  Good  recommendation  from 
employer.— SCHMITZ.  Petersham.  Surrey. 

ROPAGATOR    and    GROWER.— Middle- 
aged  ;  well  up  in  Fruir.  Plants,  Cut  Flowers.  &c.,  for 
Market  or  other  purposes.     Good  references. — C.  D.,  Sea  View, 
Sugden  Road,  Wortning,  Sussex, 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Fruit  Houses.— Age 

*-f      22  ;  three  years*  good  reference  from  last  situation.     Good 
fruit  place.— W.  C.  Penn  Street,  Amersham    Bucks- 


JOUKNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  22  ; 
eight  yeais'  experience  in  Plant  and  Fruit  Houses.  Can 
be  highly  recommended  by  last  and  previous  employers.  —  H. 
BOULTON,  Burston,  Diss,  Norfolk. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 
six  years'  experience.  Good  character  and  recommenda- 
tion. —  G.  MULLINS,  The  Gardens,  Belmont  Park,  near 
Havant,  Hants. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  22; 
can  be  well  recommended  from  last  place  and  previous 
employers.  Six  years'  experience. — A.  LUDLER,  New  Road, 
Chippenham,  Wilts. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  Inside 
and  Out. — Age  26  ;  seven  )  ears' experience-  Good  cha- 
racter.- F.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Oakley  House.  Gledhow 
Leeds. 

To  Nurserymen. 

WREATH  and  BOUQUET  MAKER,  and 
GROWER  of  Soft-wooded  Plants,  Ferns,  and  Ctit 
Flowers  in  quantities  for  Market.  Well  up  in  the  genetal 
routine  of  Indoor  Work,  Potting,  &c.— G.  L..  Gardeners 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Seed  Trade 

IMPROVER.— Age  22  ;  two  and  a  half  years' 
experience.     Good  knowledge  of  Nursery  Stock.      Total 
abstainer.    Good  re'erence.— T.  R..  Borrowdale,  Bournemouth. 


IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— 
Age  20  :  has  had  four  years  and  three  months'  experience 
under  Glass  and  out.  Can  be  highly  recommended.  — 
H.  CHANDLER.  Post-offi;e.  Brorayaid. 


''PO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young  Man  wishes 

J-  re-engagement  in  a  Nursery  (age  23)  —Seven  years  expe- 
rience in  good  nur.eries.  Good  reftrei.ces— Jf)HN  KIRK, 
The  Nurseries,  Woodhall  Spa,  Horocastle,  Lincoln. hire. 

To  GENTLEMEN,  GARDENERS,  &c.— 
Wanted  a  situ  .ti  )u  in  a  Gunlleman's  Garden.  Good  ex- 
peiience.  indoor  and  Out.  Can  be  well  rec  immei  ded.  Age  22. 
—  H.  COOPER,  39,  Finkle  Street.  Kendal 

''rO  Ga1u)ENERS,  &c  —a  Youth  (Age  l6)  ; 

-i-  life  Abstainer,  seeks  situation  in  a  good  Garden.  Three 
years'  good  character-  Will  be  hiiihly  recommended  as  a  strong, 
honest,  and  willing  youih,  well  up  in  Greenhouse  Work. — 
J.  F.,  The  Gardens,  Thornby  Hall,  Rugby. 


'■PO    G.ARDENERS     or    NURSERYMEN. 

1-  — Wanted,  to  place  a  respectable,  well-educated  youth 
(age  16).  with  one  of  the  above  to  Learn  the  Business,  Time 
given,  or  moderate  Premium.  —  W-,  81,  Talfourd  Road 
Peckharo,  S.E. 

O    NURSERYMEN,    FLOrIsTS,    &c.— 

A  young  man  (age  23)  desires  a  re-engagement.  Well  up 
in  Bouquets.  Wreaths,  Crosses,  &c.  GooJ  references  Four 
years  in  present  siluttion— G.  B.,  Spark  Hill  Nurseries, 
Birmingham. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  &c 

LAND  STEWARD,  or  MANAGER,  of  a 
Home  Farm  and  Estaie,  by  a  man  of  large  experience  in 
that  capacit-r,  understands  all  Estate  Improvements,  and  the 
most  modern  systems  01  Arable  and  Pastoral  Farming.  — B., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.  C. 

HOPMAN  (Head),   or    MANAGER   in   a 

Retail  Seed  and  Florist  Business.— Fifteen  years'  ex- 
perience. Good  references. -C.  D.  MARR,  Messrs.  Hurst 
&  Son,  Houndsditch,  E. 

SHOPMAN.  —  Age  29,  married;  fourteen 
years'  experience  in  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade.  First- 
class  references  — HOTEIA.  Gardeners'  Chromcle  Office,  4t, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

(J  HOPMAN.  —  Age    28,    married;    fourteen 

*0  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of  the  Seed 
Trade.  Good  references.— W.  W.  H..  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

To  Seedsmen. 

SHOPMAN  (Second),  or  ASSISTANT.— 
Five  years'  practical  expsrience  in  all  branches  of  Seed 
Trade.  Go  xi  tesiimoniali  from  preseot  and  previous  employers. 
—A.  SWAIN.  Norton,  Malton. 

HOPMAN    (Assistant).— Age    23;   seven 

ars'    experience    in    ihe    Retail  Trade.      Reference. — 
DICKSON  AND  TURNBULL,  Penh,  N.B. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant),  or  ware- 
houseman.—Age  23  ;  seven  years'  experience  in  all 
departments.  Excellent  references.  —  \V.  L.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W  C. 

LERK,    or    SHOPMAN.— Age    23;    eight 

yeirs'  experience  with  Messrs.  Charles  Sharpe  &  Co. 
Sleaford.  Good  references.— JOHN  BATTERHAM,  Slea- 
ford,  Lincolnshire.  

TRAVELLER,  in  the  Nursery  and  Seed 
Trade  —Has  represented  a  wholesale  House  all  over  the 
kingdom.  Thor.  ugh  knowlfdee  of  all  Outdoor  Nursery  Stock 
and  its  vilue.— R.  U  ,  Ga>de,!ers'  Chronice  Office,  41,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

HOLLO  WAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—Though  it  is  imonssible.  in  this  climate  of  changing 
temperature,  to  prevent  ill-healih  altogeiher,  yet  its  form  and 
ftequsLicv  may  be  much  mitigated  by  the  early  adoption  of  reme- 
dial measeres.  When  hoarseneS';.  Cough,  thick  Breathing,  and 
the  atiendms  slight  fever  indicate  irritation  of  the  throat  or 
chest.  Holloway's  Ointment  should  be  rubbed  upon  these  parts 
without  delay,  and  his  Pills  taken  in  appropriate  doses,  to  pro- 
mote its  curative  aciion.  No  Catarrhs  or  Sore  Throats  can  re- 
sist  these  remedies.  Printed  directions  envelope  every  package 
of  Holioway's  medicaments,  which  are  suited  to  all  ages  and  con- 
ditions, and  to  every  ordinary  disease towhich  humanity  is  liable. 


s 


352 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  ii,  1886. 


^ 


^- 


'0^ 


.\      ^^ 


9"  .d^   --f' 


.♦  ,  V^ 


SECTION    Ko.  1 


SPAN  FRAME  on  Iron  Standards,  6  or  8  feet  wide. 


TESTIMONIALS. 


From  Dr.  HOGG,  Editor  of  the 
■■  Journal  of  Horticulture 
171,   Fleet  Street.    London, 
E.C  .  Uarcb  25,  1880. 
"  Gf.ntle.men. —  I    am    much 
pleased  with  the  House.    [A  Spin 
Frame,  36  by  10  feet,  on  walls  ] 
"  Yours  truly. 

"  ROBERT  HOGG 


From  HENRY  E.  TATHAM,  E'q 
cnesfleld,  Hampton  Wick 
April  15,  1885. 

"  Dear  Sirs, — Thank  you  fir 
the  new  Span  Moveable   Frim 
which  has  arrived  in  good  or  1  r 
No*  that  it  is  up  and  com]  1  t 
my     Head     Gardener     is    i       I 
pleased  with  it,  and  says  it  is  t 
best   Frame  of  the  sort   that    1 
has  ever  seen. 

"  Yours  faithfully, 

■■  HENRY  E.  TATHAM. 


TESTIMONIALS. 


From  Mr.  WILLIAM  FOX.  Gar- 
dener to  His  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Devonshire,  Hollser 
Gardens,  Carke-in-Cartmel, 
Carnforth.  June  28,  18S4, 

"Dear  Strs, — Thetwo Frames 
received  from  you  were  very  easy 
to  fix  by  the  instruction  given, 
and  having  taken  a  little  time  to 
ttst  them,  I  am  pleased  to  say 
they  are  very  salisfactory.  En- 
closed is  a  cheque  for  them  from 
the  Duke's  agent,  Mr.  Drewry. 
"  1  am,  yours  truly, 

"WILLIAM  FOX." 


From  J.  B.  BAGEHOT,  Eaa , 
Langport,  Somerset,  Febru- 
ary 20,  1885. 


■  I     am    well 
Frame    you 


'  Yours  truly, 

"  J.   B.   BAGEHOT.' 


NEW   FRAMES,   12  feet  wide,  for  Fixing  on  Brick  Wails. 


Foster  &  Pearson, 

Hortioiilttiral    Biiilders    and    Ii2ii<>^inoers» 

Beeston,    Notts. 


ONE  COLD 

THREE  SILVER 

MEDALS 

LIVERPOOL 
SHOW. 


ALL   FIRST  PRIZES. 


Price  Lists  on  application  of 

HOUSES, 

FRAMES, 

BOILERS, 
HEATING    APPARATUS, 

&c,   &c. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradburv,  Agnkw,  &  Co.,  Lombaid  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitcfriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  ihe 
said  William  Richards,  st  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday.  September  11,  1886.     Agent  for  Manchester— John  Heywoou. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estal)li6i)eti  1841. 


N0.664.-V0L.XXVI.  {sSfiEs.)   SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  18,  1886.     { P^o^fi^fJlte^p^^^^^^ 


CONTENTS. 

..     370     Orchid  culture,  hir 


Amateur  biwb  dsale 

Apple  crop,  the    . . 

Aristolochia  ridiculs 

Ashes,  hybrid 

Books 

"Cactus  Dahlias  " 

Cattleya  crocata  . . 

Conifers,  omam 
Cultural  botany  . 
Dahlias      .. 
Flower  garden,  thi 
Forestry     .. 


ntal 


eful  and  ( 


Helianihus  multiflorus  .. 
Horticultural  Palace      .. 
,,     societies    and     cot- 
Lettuce,  the 
Market  plants 
Narcissus    bulbs,     proli- 

Obituary  :— 

Cox,  Mr.  J 

Stewart,  ftir.  W. 


Phaljenopsis 

the  genus 

Plants     and 


;ilkworm  culture., 
iocieties  :— 

Bath  Floral  Fete 

Blackpool 

Dumfries 

Dundee  .. 

Glasgow  and  West    of 
Scotland 

National     Chrysanthe- 


GARDENER  S' 
WANTED,   Ihc   Nos. 
DECEMBER.  i8So. 

Price  and  particulars  by  lette 
Office,  41,  Welliuglo 


Oxford  Mills    .. 
Paisley  Horticultural.. 
Royal  Caledonian 
Royal  Northern  Horti- 


Vinery,  the 
Wasps 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


bulbs,  proliferous       . .         . .  . .         .  •  ■  •     373 


8UBSCBIBEKS     TO 
'pHE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

lELEQRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
'  dress  for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 

"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready,  In  cloth,  I63. 
n^HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

1         Volume  XXV,,  JANUARY  to  JUNK,  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HE    GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

IN  AMERICA. 

$6.35  for 


T 


CH  RONICLE.- 

r  bound  Volume  (or  JULY  I 


KENTIA  SEEDS 
ported  Seeds   of   Kei 
Canterburyaoa,  write  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun  ,  Brcsl, 


T30YAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

XV  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

NOTICE  •— COMMITTEE    MEETINGS.     Emit    ard 
Floral,  at  ii  a.m.,  to  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
September  21. 
N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  12  o'CIock,  and  the  Public  at  i  o'Clock. 


For  prices  of  fresh  im- 

belmoreana,  Forsteriaoa,  and 


,  Germany. 


PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tions, &c.  —  Latania  borbonica,  Seaforthja  clegans,  and 
Phoenix  reclinata.  seedhngf,  la  inches  high,  41.  per  doz.  :  251. 
per  ICO.  Latania  borbonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  Euterpe  edulis,  Phcenix  reclinata,  and  Corypha  australis, 
20  inches  high,  12J.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  is.  yi.  each. 
Packages  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order.  A  few 
large  Feathery  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear, 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


Rosea— Roses— Roses. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  a  large  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROStS  in  all  the  leading  varieties;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MARECHAL  NIEL,  GLOlRfc  DE  DIJON,  and 
other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices  on 
application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston.  Liverpool. 


A 


URICULA,   PLANTS   of  the   best   show 

ss  to  Dispose  of  from  the  surplus  stock  of 
EDWARD    POHLMAN,    Parkinson    Lane,    Halifax. 


Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  BuiWers,  &c 

Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vkghtablbs  a  Specialty, 

WM.   J,   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS.  MAGAZINES,  CATALOGUES; 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardentrs'  Chronicle^  1883  to  1886. 
Address,    15,  WeUington  Street,  Strand,    London,   W.C, 


Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Falms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Locchristy.  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  b:  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  35.  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars.  London,  E.G. 


New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMUM 

(F.rst-class  Certificate).-See  full  description  in  Gar- 
denert   Chronicle,  July  10. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,   51.  and  JS.  6d.  ; 
6  for  aii.  and  30* 

E.   G.   HENDERSON  ANn   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 


There  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  a-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  31.   each. 
All  the  finer  old  kinds  at  11.  to  3j.  each 

SPIR/F.A  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  dusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  BaRshot. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  lai.  to  94J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  appUcation.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


AZALEA  MOLLIS,  for  forcing. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  splendid  j-yr.  seedlings,  at  ss.  per 
100.  AZALEAINDICA  HOTEIAJAPONICA.  RHODO- 
DENDRON, FICUS,  KENTIA.  LATANIA  PALMS,  in 
pots.     All  very  well  grown  and  cheap.     To  be  had  frc 


O.  BURVENICH-DE  WINNE.  Gembrugge, 
Belgium.     CATALOGUES  to  be  had  fn 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thjmt 


r  Ghent, 

pplication  to 

St..  London,  E  C. 


Importation  and  Exportation. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ornamental  Plant  Nur- 
sery, Ghent.  (Belgium).  ofTers  to  the  Trade  at  very  low 
prices  AZALEA  INDICA,  best  sorts,  with  buds:  AZALEA 
INDICA,  Mme.  VANDER  CRUVSSEN,  with  buds: 
AZALEA  INDICA,  only  white,  with  buds  :  AZ4LEA 
MOLLIS,  with  buds.  CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts  with  and 
without  buds;  CAMELLIAS,  only  white,  with  and  without 
buds  ;  DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  sttonc  FICUS  ELASTICA, 
£i  to  £4  per  100.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA 
GRANDIKLORA,  strong.  SPIREA  JAPONICA,  i  and  a 
years.  CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 


TWO     BEAUTIFUL     NEW     PLANTS. 
IMPATIENS  HAWKERII.  loj.  6rf. 
ARISTOLOCHIA  ELEGANS.  its. 
The  above  are  the  mcst  handsome  new  flowering  plants  of  the 
They  are  now  being  s 


Mr. 


r  New  and  Rai< 


Grape  Vines 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  Oohn  Cowan).  Limited,  hive  this  season  a  splendid 
slock  of  GRaPF.  VINES,  clean,  robust,  and  healthy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  the 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5J.  and  yr.  6d.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  10s.  6d.  and  i2r.  6d.  each. 

The  Vineyard.  Garston.  Liverpool. 

PECIAL    NOTICE.— WANTED,  good 

White  and  Marshall  Niel  ROSES,  STEPHANOTIS,  and 
Choice  ORCHIDS,  &c. 
A.  HILL  AND  CO  ,  57,  Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


Plai  _    

BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well-grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties)  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN.  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS;  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS.  VINES  in  pots.  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


Hardy  Perennial  Chrysanthemums. 

MAXIMUM  and  ULIGINOSUM 
(see  illustrations  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  August  28). 
Plants,  r^d.  each  :  six  for  ar  ;  5J.  td.  per  dczsn  ;  aoj.  per  100. 
Cash  with  order  tor  delivery  in  October. 

S.  COOPER,  The  Nurseries,  Hadleigh,  Suffjlk. 


ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  361. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

FR  I  C  AN  TUBEROSES. 

LILIUM  HARRISII  andCANDIDUM. 

DOUBLE   WHITE    ITALIAN  HYACINTHS. 

NARCISSUS   PAPER  WHITE  and   DOUBLE   ROMAN. 

HOOPER  AND  CO.  off«r  the  above,  in  splendid  quality  and 

on  better  terms  than  any  other  house. 

Covent  Garden.  London,  W.C. 

Bulb  Catalogue. 
UR         GENERAL         LIST 

of  BULBS  and  LILIES  for  Autumn  Planting  (No.  84), 
now  published.     Any  Customer  not  having  received  a  Copy, 
equestcd  to  apply  for  one. 
NEW  PLANT  and  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

ESSRS.    FRED.    HORSMAN  AND  CO., 

D  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
leaved  CArALO>UE  of  Orchid  Specialities  is 
ready,  and  will  be  forwardsd  Post-free  00  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO  .  Colchester. 


G<  ROWERS    of   FRUIT    and    FLOWERS 
^     wishing  to  Dispose  Of  same  to  advantage,  should  Commu- 
nicate  with  WISE  and  RIDES.  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 
Account  Sales  with  Cash  sent  daily. 


O 


M 


ENGLISH   PINES.— Surplus  Stock  of  fifty 
or  more  healthy  young  Plants  of  the  best  fruiting  sort 
for  table.     Apply  to 

C.  TALBOT.  Gardener.  Stedham  Hall.  Midhjrst. 

OR  SALE,^o  large  Pots  of  EUCHARIS 

AMAZONICA,    so  large   CAMELLIAS,    aco   Pots  of 
ARUMS,  and  100  large  GARDENIAS,  well  set. 

G.  WALKLING.  College  Park  Nursery,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


'■PREE  CARNATIONS,  Twelve  best  kinds, 
-L  showy  plants,  251.  per  100  ;  BOUVARDIAS,  fine  plants 
ineight  best  kinds,  asr.  per  100;  INDIARUBBER  PLANTS, 
nice  stufl'  5or  per  lOO ;  POINSETTIAS,  good  plants,  251. 
ptr  100  —W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  ntar  Kidderminster. 

W^  GORDON,  IMPORTER  OF  ORCHIDS 
•  from  ALL  PARTS  of  the  WORLD.— An  IMMENSE 
STOCK  of  recently  imported  Plants  compels  a  SALE  of  the 
Established  Plants  to  make  room.  These  have  not  yet  flowered, 
but  are  all  flowering  plants,  and  mu-t  be  sold  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. VERY  VALUABLE  VARIETIES  are  certamly  to  be 
obtained,  and  great  bargains  :  see  Public  Journals  for  high 
prices  recently  obtained.  THE  SPECIAL  OFFER  afll'ords  a 
PAYING  INVESTMENT  to  any  one  with  glass  at  command, 
which  should  not  be  overlooked.  SUCH  PLANTS  may  never 
again  be  offered  to  the  PUBLIC  and  the  TRADE. 

Apply  to  W.   GORDON,    The  Nurseries,   Amyand  Park 
Road,  Twickenham.  Middlesex. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market 

Apply  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park,  Stamford. 


LOVEL'S  STRAWBERRY  RUNNERS.— 
Strong,  healthy,  and  well-rooted,  from  leading  varieties. 
LIST  on  application. 

Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  3^^. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  SlrawherTT  Growers,  Driffield. 

TRAWBERRIES.— A    Desciiptive 

CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-free  on  application. 
THOS  RIVERSANoSON.Nurseries.Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

qnn  GREENHOUSE       PLANTS 

OWV-'  in  excellent  condition,  consisting  ot  about  thirty 
different  kinds,  viz.  :-ORCHIDS.  FERNS.  DRACINIAS, 
PALMS,  CAMELLIAS,  BEGONIAS,  PANDANAS,  &c., 
are  offered  on  very  advantageous  terms.  Gentlemen  furniahing 
will  find  the  above  well  worth  attention. 

Apply  D.,  Albion  Lodge,  Paik  Lane,  Stoke  Newington,  N., 
where  they  may  be  viewed. ^ 

TMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

X.         Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  : 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Ouotalion  with  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION 

10,  CuUum  Street,  London,  E.C. 


354 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Septembkr  i8,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


To  0«ntlemen,  Nurserymen,  and  others  Planting. 

MR.  IHOS.  NEALE  is  again  instructed  by 
Messrs.  John  Frettineham  &  .^on,  of  Staoleford  Nur- 
series, near  Stapleford  and  S.indiacre  Siation,  Notes,  to  SELL 
byAUCnON,  on  land  whith  they  have  sold  10  be  cleared  at 
Chmtmas,  also  plants  on  other  purtioas  of  their  giouuds  beLag 
surplus  Stock,  on  THURSDAY,  September  23.  at  i  o'Clock,  a 
most  valuable  and  extensive  COLLECTION  of  ORNA- 
MENTAL TREES,  SHRUBS.  CONIFERS  and  FRUIT 
•IREES,  consisting  of  3500  Golden  Queen,  Silver  Queen,  and 
Minorca  Hollies,  (rom  a  to  8  feet,  including  many  remaikably 
fine  specimens,  and  some  fine  plants  uf  Watero,  300  Golden 
Yews  irom  i  to  4  leet  high,  400  Golden  Iribh  Yews,  aUo  Portugal 
and  other  Laurels,  English  Yews,  Thujop^is,  Aucuba,  Crypto* 
meria,  Cupressus,  Thuja,  fine  specimen  Cedar  Deodoras,  Reti- 
nospora,  Cedrus  Atianiica,  Prune  Damsons,  Pyramid  Apples, 
and  a  great  variety  oi  miscellaneous  Shrubs,  &c.  The  whole  in 
splendid  condition  for  removal,  having  b^en  irequcntly  trans- 
planted. The  place  of  Sale  is  situate  wiihin  ten  minutes'  walk 
from  the  Sandiacre  and  Stapleford  Station,  on  the  Erewash 
Valley  Railway. 

Descripiive  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  application  by  post  or 
otherwise  to  the  Auctioneers,  Wheeler  Gate,  Nottingham  ;  and 
of  Messrs.  KRETTINGHAM  and  SON,  Bromley  House, 
Nottingham  ;  the  Stand  Arcade,  Derby  :  and  at  the  Ni 
Stapleford. 


Whltttngton  Nurseries,  near  Llclifleld. 

MR.  GEORGE  MARbDEN  has  the 
pleasure  to  announce  that  he  is  instructed  by  Mr. 
Edward  Holmes,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  widely 
known  Nurseries  on  THURSD.aY,  September  30,  and 
FRIDAY,  October  i,  commencing  each  day  punctually  at  10 
o'clock,  an  immense  stock  of  :— 
FRUIT  TREES  in  Apples.   Pears,   Plums,  Cherries,   Nuts. 

Crabs,  &c.,  in  Standards,   Pyramids,  Dwarfs,  and  Divarf 

tramed. 
ROSES  :  Several  thousands  of  Standard  Dwarf  and  pot  Roses. 

All  leading  varieties. 
RHODODENDRONS:  Several  thousand  of  the  best-named 

varieties  of  Rhododendrons,  and  other  American  Plants. 
CONIFERS  :  A  large  variety,  all  well-grown  and  vigorous. 
DECIDUOUS  and  EVERGREEN  TREES  and  SHRUBS: 

Including    fine     varieties    of     Laurels.     Hollies,    Privets, 

Aucubas,  Berberis,  Box,  Limes,  &c. 
FOREST   TREES,   including   Scotch,  Austrian,  and    Spruce 

CLIMBING  PLANTS  in  great  profusion  and  variety  and  a 

stiecl  collection  of  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  plants. 
STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS:    Select  varieties  of, 
including  Azaleas,  Camellias.  &c. 

In  lots  suiuble  to  all  classes  of  buyers. 

The  Stock  in  the  above  Sale  is  among  the  finest  in  the  trade. 

Catalogues  will  be  ready  ten  days  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  may 


be  had  at  ihe  place  of  Sale  or  of  the  Aui 


Wirksworth. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.G.,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURD.-iV,  at  half-past  11  ■■'Clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISbUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogue^  had. 

The  Celebrated  Fernfleld  (Bridge  of  Allan) 

COLLECTION    of     ESTABLISHED    ORCHIDS,    formed 
during  the  past  thirty  years,  the  whole  of  which  are  in  the 
best  possible  condition. 
For  Sale,  by  order  of  Dr.  Paterson,  entirely  without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  iostructions  from  Dr.  Paterson.  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and 
68,  Cheacside,  London,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNES- 
DAY, September  21  and  ai,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely, 
his  entire  COLLECTION  of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 
The  plants  are  in  the  most  luxuriant  health,  and  amongst  them 
will  be  found  the  following  :— 

Lycaste  Skinnerii  alba  Miltonia  Moreliana  atro-rubens 

Coelogyne    Gardneriana,    very     Cattleya  Triana  Symii 


Lali 


crisuta,  Chatsworth  va- 
riety, large  plant 

1  elegaus  Tumerii,  said 
to  be  the  finest  plant 
the  country 


,,    elegans  alba 
„     purpurata  alba 

„     Perrinii  alba 
C)  pripedium  Dominianum 


filIo~u 


ii,  grand  plant 


„     Day; 
Anguloa  Clow 

Saccolabium  gemmatum 

,,     Reichenbachia 
Cattleya  Triana;,   magnificent 

variety 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalog 
N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  beg 
"      ■  •    ■         old  i     • 


„    Ainsworthii 
,,     Griffithianum 
„    nobile  ccerulescens 
Vanda  Cathcai  tii 

„    suavis.     Dr.    Paterson's 

variety 

„    tricolor  Patersonii 

Cymbidium  Lowianum 

„     giganteuoi 
Odontoglossum       Alexandra;, 
large  plants  and   fiae 


0911 

disposed  of  privately. 


entirety, 


Friday  Next. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  RAMOSISSIMUM. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM   PARDINUM. 
MAXILLARIA  GRANDIFLURA. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  bv  AUC- 
TION at  their  Central  .Sale  Rooms,  6;  and  68,  Cheapside. 
EC,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  l-eptemher  24,  at  half  past  13 
o  Clock  preciselv,  a  fine  imoo.tatinn  of  ihe  rare  and  beautiful 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  RAMOSISSIMUM.  The  vaiie  y  now 
ofl^  red  is  the  large-fl  ,werir.g  one,  producing  spikes  profusely 
covered  with  white  and  deep  violet  spotted  flowers,  and  no 
doubt  many  ch.jice  varieties  wi'l  be  found  amongst  them.  Also 
the  scarce  OD' IN  l■^lGl.O.S^U  VI  PARDINUM.  This  is  the 
first  time  lor  manv  year'  that  this  lovely  Odontoglot  has  been 
SS'.S'i,'?  .'„,  P"'"j?-  Tofcether  with  a  grand  lot  of  the  fine 
MAXILLARIA  GRANDIELORA  (the  largest-flowered 
variety,  sepals  and  petals  pure  white,  bold,  and  round  :  lip  of  a 
X.'.l'^iVjfJi'?'^.'"''-  *  f™'  '°'  0'  DENDROBIUM  DEAREI, 
ORCHIDS  CILIOLARE,   and   many  other  valuable 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had 


Saturday  Next.— Waltliamstow. 

SALE    OF    WELUGROWN     WINTER-BLOOMING 
HEATHS  and  OTHER   PLANTS 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Preston  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
ou  the  Premises,  The  Nursery.  Elm  Road,  Whipps  Cross, 
Walthamslow  (five  minutes'  walk  from  Wood  Street  Station),  on 
SATURDAY  NEXT,  September  25.  at  3  o'Clock  precisely, 
looD  Winter-blooming  HEATHS,  1000  EPACRIS,  of  the 
choicest  kinds;  2000  fine  GENISTA  FRAGRANS,  1000 
CYCLAMEN  PEKSICUM,  Eraser's  superb  strain  ;  fine 
specimen  CAMELLIAS,  500  AZALEA  INDICA,  500  SO- 
LANUMS,  full  of  berries;  large  ROSES,  and  many  other 
PLANTS. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be 
had  on  the  Premises ;  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside.  E.C..  and  Leytonstone. 


Flowering  OrdUdB.— Special  Sale 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  N  KX  f  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  the  above,  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY,  September  38, 
for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of 
ENTRIES  as  soon  as  possible. 

Hereford 

In  Liquidation.     The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Company, 

Limited. 

NINE   DAYS"  SALE. 

GREAT    UNRESERVED    CLEARANCE    SALE    of  the 

whole    of  the  well-grown    NURSERY    STOCK,    now    in 

splendid  condilior<,  and  extending  over  80  acres  of  ground, 

being  one  of  the  largest  Auctions  held  for  many  years. 

Important    to     the    Trade    and    others     largely    engaged     in 

planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  'Ihe  King's  Acre 
Nurseries,  near  Hereford,  on  MONDAY,  Oclober  4,  ^nd  eight 
following  days,  at  u  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  the  whole  of 
the  unusually  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has 
been  care'ully  piepated  fcr  removal,  and  is  now  in  excellent 
id  thriving  conditirn      To  convey  an  idea  of  its  magnitude, 


the  followiog  : 


f  feet 


y  be  mentioned : 

s  of  Conifers,  including  splendid  speci- 
in  height,  and  thousands  of  younger 


>  standard  Ornamental 
Trees,  consisting  of 
Planes,  extra  fine 
Purple  Beech,  double 
Scarlet  Thorns,  &c. 

)  Forest  Trees,  Larch, 
Spruce,  &c. 

.  seedling  Ash  and 


,  cole 


.Cau- 


rotundifoli 
1,500  Evergreen  and    Orna- 

menul  Shrubs 
0,000  Deciduousand  Flower- 
ing Shrubs 


Fruit  Trees — an  almost 
unrivalled  stock,  and 
which.  lor  freeness  of 
growth,  cannot  be 
surpassed,     compris- 


Pears,  Ph 


Apples, 
ims,  Cher- 
d  Peaches 


the  Lancashi 


and    Goose- 
including 


I  2-yr.  Apple  and  Cherry 
I  Seakale,  one  year  and 
.  Climbing  Plants 


Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  and  other  Stock. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  (Sunday  excepted)  prior  to  the  Sale. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers 

and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,   E.C.,  and  Ley- 


N.B,— Purchasers  can  arrange  with  the  Manager,  at  the 
Nurseries,  to  have  their  lots  lifted  and  conveyed  to  the  Here- 
ford Stations,  whence  goods  may  be  despatched  to  any  part  of 
the  country  without  change  of  truck. 

Forthcoming  Sales 

NURSERY     STOCK. 

Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade  intending  to  Plant 
during  the  coming  Season. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  they  have  fixed  .the  following 
Sales  in  addition  to  those  advertised  above  :— 

OCTOBER  5,  at  the  UPPER  TOOTING  PARK  NUR- 
SERIES, Upper  Tooting  Park,  S.W.,  by  order  of 
Mr.  C.  Young. 

OCTOBER  13  and  14,  at  the  ELVASTON  NURSERIES, 
Borrowash,  Derby,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Barron  &  Son. 

OCTOBER  15,  at  the  WOOD  LANE  NURSERY,  Isleworth. 
by  order  of  Messrs.  C.  Lee  St  Son. 

OCTOBER  19,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Kilbura,  by  order  of 
Mr.  J.  B.  Goubert. 

OCTOBER  ig,  ao,  21,  at  the  AINGER  NURSERIES,  Cam- 
bridge, by  order  of  Mrs.  Tredgett. 

OCTOBER  ao  and  Jt,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Brixton,  by  order 
01  Messrs.  Ponsfotd  &  Son. 

OCTOBER  a6,  27,  and  a8,  at  the  HORSELL  NURSERIES, 
Woking,  by  order  of  Messrs.  H.  and  C.  Cobbett. 

OCTOBER  27  and  jS.-Two  Days'  Sale  at  the  AMERICAN 
NURSERIES,  Leytonstone. 

NOVEMBER  2  and  3,  at  the  NURSERIES,  Groombridge, 
by  order  of  Mr.  E.  Hollamby. 

NOVEMBER  2,  at  the  HALE  FARM  NURSERIES,  Totten- 
ham, by  order  of  Mr   T.  Ware. 

NOVEMBER  4,  at  the  BOWER  and  LING  NURSERIES, 
Maidstone,  by  orxler  of  Messrs.  Frost  &  Sons. 

NOVEMBER  5.  at  the  HOUNSLOW  HEATH  NURSERY, 
Feltham,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Chas.  Lee  &  Son. 

NOVEMBER  0  and  10,  at  the  ROY  AL  NURSERIES,  Ascot, 
by  Older  of  Messrs.  J.  Standish  &  Co. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  being  fixed,  and  will  be  duly 


Catalog;ueB  —Important  Notice. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  compiled  permanent  Lists  of  those  to  whom  their 
Catalogues  are  forw.irdpd  regularly,  which  enables  them  to  bring 
before  the  notice  of  probable  Buyers  all  classes  of  Sales. 

Gentlemen  wishing  to  have  their  names  entered  on  these 
Lists  are  requested  to  forward  their  full  Addresses  with  a  note 
of  their  particular  requirements,  when  Catalogues  will  be 
posted  free  of  charge. 

Central  Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  £.C. 


Bulbs— Bulbs— BuIbB . 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.  C,  every  MuNDAY,  WEDNE>DAY.  and 
SATURDAY,  fir^t-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7225.) 

200  fine  plants  of  AZALEA  INDICA,  and    too  A.  MOLLIS 
well  set  with  buds,  from  Ghent ;  50  GARDEN  I  AS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTIO.V.  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  September  22. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 

TO    BE    DISPOSED    OF    AT    ONCE    a 
FLORISTS'  and  FRUITERERS'  BUSINESS.     Good 
chance    (or   an   energetic   man.        Near    Railway    Station  and 

.  Gibbon  Road,  Nunhead,  S.E. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  with  immediate 
possession,  a  SEED  and  FLORIST  BUSINESS, 
situate  in  a  populous  Market  Town  within  ao  miles  of  London, 
consisting  of  a  well-fitted  Seed  Shop,  Conservatory,  ten  Glass- 
houses, Warehouse.  Sheds,  &c.,  and  a  moderate  quantity  of 
Land.  Lease  twenty-one  years.  Well  stocked,  and  in  thorough 
going  order.     To  be  sold  a  bargain. 

Apply,  L.  S.  D..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
ffeet.  Strand.  W.C. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  desirable  BUSINESS,  in 
the  main  street  of  an  important  Market  Town,  20  miles 
from  London,  comprising  a  good  Dwelling-house,  a  small 
Nursery,  two  handsome  Seed  Shops.  Conservatory,  nine  Plant 
Houses,  Potting  and  Store  Sheds,  &c.  Lease,  stock,  fixtures, 
&c  ,  about  ^5co.     A  portion  of  which  may  remain  if  desired. 

Address,  R.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  an  Old-established 
SEED,  FLORIST  and  FRUIT  BUSINESS,  at 
Kendal,  Westmoreland.  Established  1810.  Satisfactory 
reasons  for  disposal.  Incoming  Hghc.  A  rare  opportunity 
for  a  pushing  man. 

Apply  to  JOHN  MONKHOUSE,  Avonmount,  Kendal. 


To  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

FOR  SALE,  on  easy  terms,  a  Small  Freehold 
DWELLING  HOUSE,  Eight  Rooms,  Stabling. 
Granary,  and  other  Out  Buildings  ;  Four  Glass  Houses,  large 
Garden,  Oichard,  and  Paddock.  Now  a  Florist's  ;  in  all  about 
3/^  acres.  14  miles  from  London. 
Apply  to  the  owner,  T.  DEAN.  2,  York  Villas,  Twickenham. 


TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  the  LEASE, 
GOODWILL.  GREENHOUSES,  TENANT'S  FIX- 
TURES,  and  STOCK  in  TRADE  of  an  Old-esublishcd 
Nursery,  Seedsman's,  Florist's,  and  Jobbing  Business.  Main 
road,  S.W.  In  same  family  over  fifty  years.  Part  of  purchase- 
money  may  remain. 

M.  R..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street 
Strand,  W.C. 


Marlcet  Square.  Retford. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  solely  on  account  of  ill- 
health,  the  old-established  busine«  of  NURSERY  and 
SEEDSMAN,  as  carried  on  by  Mr.  W.  Wright  for  the  past  thirty 
years.  The  Shop,  situated  ia  the  Market  Square,  commands  a 
really  good  Agricultural  and  Garden  Seed  Trade,  and  is 
woiked  at  a  very  small  expense.  The  Land  (17K  Acres), 
within  five  minutes'  walk  from  the  Shop,  is  worked  part  as 
Nursery,  and  part  for  Market  Gardening.  The  Nursery  Stock 
is  General,  such  as  Roses,  Laurels.  Yews,  Holly,  Box,  &c  A 
considerable  portion  of  the  land  is  yearly  cropped  with  Celery, 
for  which  it  is  very  suitable,  and  my  Celery,  both  Seed  and 
Plants,  command  a  ready  sale.  The  above  will  be  sold 
together,  or  separately  if  necessary. 
Full  particulars  from  W.  WRIGHT.  Market  Square,  Retford, 


TO  LET,  a  rare  opportunity,  between 
sand  4  Acres  of  MARKET  GARDEN,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Parkstooe,  in  the  county  of  Dorset.  The  Land  is 
in  a  very  high  state  of  cultivation,  and  is  well  stocked  wiih  all 
kinds  of  Vegetables  ;  a  small  Greenhouse  for  Tomatos,  Cucum- 
bers, or  Vines  ;  Pigstyes,  nearly  new  ;  with  Poultry  House  and 
Yard,  together  with  all  necessary  implements  for  carrying  on  a 
large  trade.  The  whole  of  the  above,  together  with  Stocle,  can 
be  taken  off  at  valuation.  There  is  also  a  ten-roomed  House, 
which  can  be  let  with  the  garden  for  a  term  of  years. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to  L.  D.,  Westbourne  Dairy, 
Westboume,  Bournemouth,  Hants. 


Vlnstone  Nurseries,  near  Plymouth. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  Lady-day  next,  for  a  Term 
ot  7,  14,  or  21  years,  these  well-known  NURSERIES, 
for  many  yeai  s  so  successfully  carried  on  by  the  late  Mr.  Pontey, 
and  since  by  Mr,  Serpell,  situated  about  a  mile  from  Plymouth, 
over  8  Acres  in  extent,  with  a  Dwelling-house,  Two  Gardener's 
Cottages,  large  Greenhouses,  Melon-pit,  &c. 

Aptjiy  to  WOOLCOMBE  and  PRIDHAM,  Solicitors, 
Plymouth. 

PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  HORTICUL- 
TURAL  Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctionbers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone, E.      Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 

HULL       CORPORATION. 
TO  NURSERYMEN  AND  OTHEHS. 

The  CORPORAIION  are  prepared  to  receive  TENDERS 
for  PLANTING  with  TREtS  and  SHRUBS  a  portion  of 
their  New  Park  on  ihe  Holderness  Road.  Hull. 

Forms  of  Tender  may  be  obtained  upon  application  to  the 
undersigned.  Tenders  endorsed  "  TENDER  FOR  PLANT- 
ING,"  are  to  be  addressed  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Parks 
Special  Committee,  and  delivered  under  cover  to  R.  Hill 
Dawe,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk,  Hull,  on  or  before  MONDAY,  Sep- 
tember  27,  1886. 

The  Corporation  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept  the  lowest 
or  any  Tender.  By  Order. 

A.  E.  WHITE,  Borough  Engineer. 

Town  HaU.  Hull,  September  8,  1886. 


September  i8,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


355 


Orchlda. 

JROBSON,  Bowdon  Nursery,  Altrmcham, 
•  having  purchased  I' wo  Private  Collections  of  Established 
ORCHIDS,  IS  prepared  to  supply  strong  flowering  Plants  at 
the  following  very  low  prices  for  cash  :  — 

12  ORCHIDS,  in  IS  choice  varieties,  6oj.  ;  a^  ditto,  1031. 
List  of  sorts  on  application. 

J.  R  is  also  offering  the  following  Plants,  at  extraordmary 
low  prices,  viz.  ;— CARNATIONS,  in  25  best  varieiies,  301. 
per  100;  DIANTHUS,  Napoleon  III.,  20J.  per  roo ;  i-iCO- 
TEES,  in  25  best  varieties,  25s-  P"  ■<•»  ;  PYRETHRUMS, 
in  25  best  double  varieties,  201.  per  100  ;  PELARGONIUMS, 
in  25  best  varieties,  40J.  per  100  :  Manchester  Market  and 
Drumhead  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  31.  per  1000  for  cash. 

CHEAP,      STRONG,      SOUND 
BULBS. 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  strong,  12s.  6d.  per  100. 

„     NARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  9s.  per  100. 
PAPER  WHITE  N.ARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  gs.  per  100. 
FINE  NAMED  HYACINTHS,  for  pots,  in  sorts,  si.  per  doz. 
*,     ,,     „     fot  borders,  i6j.  per  100. 
„    „    CROCUS,  in  sorts,  is.  per  100 ;  151.  per  1030. 
CATALOGUES    free    on    application. 
Special  Prices  for  Large  Quantities. 
FINE  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  IJ.  per  pound. 
JOHN  SHAW.  Jun.,    Bulb  Importer  and  Seed   Merchant, 
10,  The  Downs,  Bowdon.  Che-hire. 

QEEDLING     BKIERS.— Any    quantity    of 
^^  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants, 

NEW    ROSES   of    1885-6.— 15J.   per  dozen 
varieties  (ray  selection  ;   30J.  per  twenty-five  varieties 
(my  selection). 
My  FRBNCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  Post-free. 
MyComplete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 
of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 
out  of  each  variety,  free  fur  7^.  in  stamps. 

JAMllS  L.  BOYaON,  Cien.  Calvados  France. 

VIOLETS. — We  have  an  immense  stock  of 
all  the  best  in  cuUivation,  strong  healthy  plants. 
"Marie  Louise  and  Swjn'ey  White"  (olten  absurdly  called 
Count  Brazza)  in  5-in.  pots,  much  better  than  clumps  for  imme- 
diate planting  in  frames,  6j,  per  dozen  ;  ^or.  per  loo. 

STRAWBERRIES.— All  the  best  Kent  kinds, 
sure  to  give  a  crop  and  sati-faction.  In  6-in.  pots,  aoj. 
per  100  :  in  small  pots  loj.  Runner  plants,  3r.,  41..  and  sr.  per 
100.  H.  CANnELL  and  SONS.  Swanley,  Kent. 

AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

PEARL    TUBEROSES,  Natal  grown. 

EVERIiASTINa    FLOWERS. 


ED  WARDS  &•  BELL,  Maritzbtirg. 

Our  Bulbs  have  all  been  raised  from  Picked 
Seed,  and  are  "  second  to  none™  in  the  market. 
Particularly  fine  and  well  selected. 


FOR     PRICES     AND     TERMS.     APPLY    TO 

PERCY  J.   POOL  &   CO., 

4,  BISHOPSGATE  STREET  WITHIN,  ^.Q. 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC    DAVIES    &    SON 

Have  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  their  extensive  stock  of 
RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS  of  all  descriptions,  for 
Planting  or  Forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and 
well-budded.  The  AZALEA  MOLLIS  are  remarkably  line 
and  well-budded,  and  they  ofTer  good  bushy  Plants,  full  of 
buds,  at  8j.  to  gr.  per  dozen ;  sor.  to  6oj.  per  100. 

They  have  also  to  offer,  in  quantity,  HOLLIES.  AUCUBAS, 
LAURELS,  RETINOSPOKAS.  Flowering  and  Ornamental 
TREES  and  SHRUBS,  LILIUM  AURATUM,  &c. 

Their  stocks  of  these  are  unusually  fioe,  and  the  prices  are 
very  moderate.     CATALOGUES  Post-free  on  apphcation. 

Brook  Lane  Niirsery,  Ormaklrk,  LancaBhlre. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copy-right  editioo). 
See  Gardeners  Chronicle  of  Sept  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered — clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  root*.  F'requent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  aod  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

AFRICAN    TUBEROSES, 

WM.   RISLEY,   Maritzburg',  Natal. 

The  Trade  and  Growers  are  hereby  informed  that 
Mr.  RisLEY's  Crop  is  now  landed.  The  Bulbs  are  in 
splendid  condition,  large  and  healthy,  and  altogether 
such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the  market. 
Quotations  very  low.  Cases  free.  Terms,  net  cash. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 

WM.    G.    MAC    GREGOR, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.G. 


A.    B.    C. 

BUI.B    GUIDE. 


Prepared    with  very    much    care,   containing    much    reliable 

information  upon  Bulbs  generally,  including  the 

following  families  : — 

HYACINTHS.    TULIPS,    CROCUS.    SNOWDROPS. 

CHIONODOXAS,    GLADIOLUS,    &c. 
Very  extensive  lists  of  varieties  of  these  are  included,  consist- 
ing of  nearly  every  variety  which   can  be  considered   worth 
growing. 

IRIS.— Of  these  I  hold  one  of  the  fbest  collections  In  the 
world,  six  pages  are  devoted  to  this  family  alone. 

HELLEBORES,  OP  CHRISTMAS  ROSES  are  a  great 
specialty  at  Tottenham.  The  collection  is  very  complete,  and 
the  plants  are  exceptionally  good.     I  have  thou-ands  ot   fine, 

Btrong,  healthy  cliunpsof  the  varieties  major,  maxima, 

Caucaslca,  Madame  Fourcade.  and  many  others. 

DAFFODILS  and  LILIES 

constitute  Part  II-  of  my  Bulb  Catalogue, 
Twenty-six  pages  bemg  devoted  to  them.  Both  families  are 
cultivated  by  me  most  extensively,  my  collection  including 
almost  every  variety  in  cultivation.  These  have  been  shown 
most  extensively  during  the  present  season  at  the  Great 
London  Shows,  and  have  been  very  much  admired,  and  have 
done  much  to  assist  in  securing  for  me  the  many  Awards  it 
has  been  my  pleasure  to  receive, 

Copies  of  this  most  complete  and  interesting  Catalogue  may 
be  had  gratuitously  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    S.    WARF, 

HALE      FARM       NURSERIES, 
TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE  con- 
tains List  of  all  varieties  of  English,  Dutch,  and  French- 
grown  bulbs.  All  first  quality  and  low  prices.  May  be  had  on 
application.  Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities  of  the 
following  :  — 

100,000   SINGLE  DAFFODILS.  [eyed.] 

50,000  NAKCISSUS  POETICUS  (Pheasant- 
20,000   NARCISSUS    POETICUS  ORNA- 

TUS     (True).  —  True     early  -  flowering 
pheasant-eyed,      blooming     three      weeks 
earlier  than  poeticus. 
20,000   LILIUM     CANDIDUM     (Fine    Im- 
ported Roots). 

100,000   SCILLA      8IBIRIC&,      rich      blue   ; 
blooming  same  time  as  the  Snowdrop. 
10,000   HYACINTHS,  mixed,  all  colours  ;  fine 
sample,  very  cheap. 

200,000   CROCUS,  yellow  ;  three  sizes. 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants,  13,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  KEFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tonj>), 

ioj.  ;  ^-bushel  bags,  vi.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  51.   6d.    per    sack 

5  sacks  i5J.  :  sacks,  ^.  each. 
BLACK  FlBROUi  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  ru. ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  -is.qd.  per  bushel;  rsx.  per  half 
ton,  afir.  per  ton  in  a-bushel  ba^s,  4^.  each. 

YELLdW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ij  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  Is.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUS.SIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  O.  SMYTH.  F.R.H.S.,  at.  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
up  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwL  and  over  carriage  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,   Victoria  Road. 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  AND  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

HUGHES*  SOLUBLE 
FIR-TREE  Oil 'NSECTECIDE 

Is.  6d.,  2s.  6d.,  and  4S.  6d.  a  Bottle  ;    Gallon,  12b.  6d., 
less  in  larger  quAUtities. 

HUGHES'  APHICIDE,  Is.  6d.    By  post  u.  Sif. 
HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  Is. ;  post  ij.3<f. 

Also  CREAM  SHADING,  9d.  per  Box,  per  post  Is. 

HUGHES'    FLORAL    CEMEMT,    in    Bottles, 

Is.  and  2s. 

HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most    effectual    in    Greenhouses,    6d.,    Is.,  and    2S.  6d. 

Post  3d.  exira. 
A  TREATISE  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
sent  Post-free,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E.  G.  HUGHES 
Operative  Chemist,  Victoria  Street,  Manchester.  Wholesale 
from  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horticultural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants, Wholesale  Druggists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Mkdals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  tn  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5^-  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  aar.  fid. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   ^s.bd.       „       5  sacks  for  aoi. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5J.  &/.       „       5  sacks  for  asi. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . 

PREPARED  COMPOSTb 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  . 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.6rf.peibush.,  i4i.half  ton,  141.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only u.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported  . .  %d.  lb.,  a8  lb.  181. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Spicialitfl    8</.  lb.,  a8  lb,  i8». 

MUSH  ROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MUltrack  . .     sr.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  aj.  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack. 
CHUBBS  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  ij.  bd. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  31.;  I4lb.,  55.;  a81b..8s,',  561b.,  141.:  icwt-,a3j. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only— 141b,  31.;  aSlb.,  ^.bd.; 

561b  .  lor.  td.'.  I  cwt,  175.  Lp"  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  ar.  bd. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Lhubos  special  process), 

sacks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  95.  ;  15  sacks,  13:.  ;  30  sacks,  17J.  ; 

30  sacks,  asi  ;  40  sacks,    30J.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  tail, 

asj.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  is.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL   LONDON,  E. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins.  11,,  is.  bd.,  51  bd., 
and  loj.  bd.,  or  1  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbro^ik  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield,  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards,  each  at  105.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  is.  bd.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  5t  per  bag:  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  lot.  bd.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  ni.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO..  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 

MILDEW  on  ROSES  and  other  PLANTS, 
GREEN  FLY,  and  RED  SPIDER  can  all  be  extir- 
pated  by  UNing  Harris's  specially  prepared  SULPHIDE  of 
POTASSIUM,  of  which  enough  to  make  thirty-two  gallons  of 
solution  may  be  had  post-free  lor  One  Shilling,  from  the  Sole 
Manufacturers,  PHILIP  HARRIS  and  CO.,  Wholesale 
Chemists,  Bull  Ring.  Birmingham.  Special  quotations  for 
large  quantities.  For  many  favourable  reports  on  the  value  of 
this  certain  remedy,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  and  other 
Gardening  Journals. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  againsc  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Greea  Fiy.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  caJce  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  ma.ny  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxesi  is.,  3J. ,  and  loi.  6d. 

r^ISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 

V_X  wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  u.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

Horticulture. 

If  you  wish  for  strong  healthy  plants  producing  nch  colours 
and  enduring  blooms,  use  the 

FLOWER- POTS  from  Eden  Vale  Pottery 
acknowledged  to  be  the  best  and  cheapest  made. 
Send  for  Price  List  to 
R.  BUTCHER.  Eden  Vale  Pottery,  Westbury,  WilK. 

LAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or    Walks  under    Trees.       Prices,    id.,    lod., 
IS.  per  yard  run. 
The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Yorks. 


F 


Roshers  Garden  EdglnK  TUes. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
ate  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  , 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  ' 
GARDENS,  as  thsy  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cneaper 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "  ACME  "   FRAMES 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :   alst! 

for   FdXLEY'S    patent    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  suppUed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconie-.,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plamor 
more  elaborate  De-^ign,  with  Pnces.  sent  for  selection. 

WHUE  GLAZED  TILES,  hi  Lining  Walls  of  Daines, 
Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 
Paving  ot  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 
of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  (Teat  variety,  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c. 


s 


V     E      R 

se  grain  as  desired. 
Truckload.  on   Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
uy  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  iree  by  post. 


SAND, 

'rice,  by  post,  per  Ton 


FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeri 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  low 
quantities. 


A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


356 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[SepTemSer  iS,  i8 


DAHLIAS 

IN  FULL  BLOOM. 


IWfY  LARGE  COLLECTION 

of  these  are  now  at  their 
best,  and  vould  well  repay  a  visit 
from  any  of  the  Trade  interested 
in  them. 

Frequent  Trains  from  Liverpool 
Street  to  Tottenham,  Hale,  or  Seven 
Sisters  Stations. 


THOMAS    S.   WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 
VEITCH'S    BULBS 

Of    Superior    Quality. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W, 

VEITCH'S 

CHOICE  EXHIBITION  HYACINTHS 

SELECTED     FROM     J.     V.     and    SONS' 
MAGNIFICENT  PRIZE  GROUPS. 

12  Ilnest  Varieties JB3. 

24      „  „  3"^. 

Riyal  Horticultural  Society's  Exhibition,  March  23,  1886. 
"  Messrs  James  Veitch  &^  Sons  exhibited  a  gyand  Collec 
tim  of  some  150  Hyxcinths.  Every  plant  in  tki, srouf  bore 
a  large  and  finely  dei,elof,el  spike,  representing  the  variety  to 
perfection.  A  Silvir-sitt  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded.  — 
Vide  the  Garden,  March  27,  1886. 

VEITCH'S 

CHOICE     NAMED     HYACINTHS, 

FOR    POTS    AND    GLASSES. 
T,  V.  &  Sons'  Selections  of  the  finest  and  most  distinct  free- 


VEITCH'S    Bedding    HYACINTHS 


IN    DISTINCT    SHADES    OF    COLOUR. 

S/ecinlly  selected  varieties  to  flo^ver  at  the  same  time, 
producing  large  trusses  oj  bloom. 

15s.  to  27s.  6d.  per  100.  28.  to  33  Sd.  per  dozen. 

VEITCH'S    MIXED    HYACINTHS. 

RED.  all  shades      ..  I6s.  od.  per  100,  29.  od.  per  dos. 

WHITE,  all  shades  ..  22s  6d.  „  8s  Od.        „ 

BLUE,  all  shades      ..123  6d.  „  19.  6d.        „ 

MIXED,  all  colours..  139.  6cl.  „  29.  Od. 

For  particulars,  see  C.A  T.ALOGUE,  Gratis  and  Post-free 

on  application. 


CARTERS' 
EARLY   BULBS 

FOR    FORCING. 

To  produce  Beautiful  While  and  Coloured 
Flowers  for  Christmas  Decoration. 


CARTERS'  Ejrllest  White  Roman  HYACINIHS. 
The  Lirgest  Btdbs  of  the  Year. 

/;  V  do  not  keep  a  S.cond  Size. 
Per  100,  15J.  ;    per  dozen,  af.  ^d. 

CARTERS'  Double  Roman  NARCISSUS 

Per  i»'0,  loj.  6i  :  per  dozen,  is.  6d. 

CARTERS'  Paper-white  NARCISSUS. 

Per  io5,  105  bd  :  per  dozen,  ij.  dd. 

CARTERS'  Red  and  YeUow  VAN  THOL  TULIPS. 

Per  1.  o  45.  bd  ;  per  d.  zcn,  9  t. 

CARTERS'  Extra  Large  SNOWDROPS. 

Pel   CO  ,  35.  6a.  ;  per  d,.zen,  td. 
ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 
For  further  particulars,  sei 

Carters'  II  ustrated  Caialoeue  of  Bulbs, 

GK.-ins    .-I.VD    PO.sr-fKE. 


Seedsman  by  Royal 
Warrants  to 
■>  g  I  H  M.  the  Queen. 

/^y^lZTphjA     and  His  Royal  Highness 
"-''^'-*'        iho  Piince  of  Wales. 

ill  Hi^h  Holborn.  London,  W.C. 


B  U  L  B  S. 

Illustrated  Priced  CATALOGUE  of  HYA- 
CINTHS, TULIPS,  and  other  B'wLBS,  con- 
taining the  best  of  everything,  and  low  in  price, 
may  be  had,  Post-free,  on  application  to 

WM.     PAUL    &     SON, 

PAULS'    NURSERIES, 
WALTHAM     CROSS. 


BULB  S  — B  U  L  B  S. 

HTACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS,  SNOW- 
DBOPS,  NARCISSI,  LILIUMS.  cSc, 

AT  rERV  REASONABLE  PRICES. 


ROYAL     EXOTIC     NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,   S.W, 


The  Bulbs  are  very  large,  and  of  exceptionally  fine 
quality  this  year. 


ILLUSTRATED     BULB     CATALOGUE, 

n'hich  will  be/onuarded  Gratis  and  Post-free 
on  application. 


DUTCH    BULBS, 

DIRECT  FROM   THE   GROWERS. 


ANT,  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE   FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR   GUINEA    PACKAGES 

OF  CHOICE   HARDY  FLOWER-ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardening,  much  ci.luged,  now 

Collection  "  F  "  for  Spring  Gardening, 

Containing  932  Bulbs. 

50  Persian  Ranunculus. 
24  French  Ranunculus. 


VICTORIA  AND  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER  HOLLO  WAY,   LONDON,   N, 


3^  Hyacinths,  d 
50  Tulips,  single  early. 
50  Tulips,  double. 
24  Tuhps,  single  late. 


Na 


50  Soowdrops,  iingle. 

24  Spanish  Iris. 

34  Triteleia  uniftara. 

z4  GUdiolus. 

4  Lilium  iimbellatum. 

\i  SciUa  sibiiica  prsooi 
4'>D  Crocus, 

Collection  "C"  for  Indoor,  containing 

284  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


,.  Polyanthus. 
,  iDcomparabllti 
,  Poeticus. 
,  double. 


Tu  ips,  singli: 


irly- 


6  DocvanThL^'.-edandye 

6    siarlet.  [loM 

TuMps.  double  early— 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white 
6  Rex  Rubrorum,  fine  crm 
6  T.  urnesoL  [sor 


Na 


0  4  fine: 


,  Polyanthus. 


I       ;;     bxalis.    ' 

:  Grape  Hyacinths  (H.  bo- 


6  Iris  Pav 

6  Allium  Neapolit 


Half  of  either  of  tha  above  for  IO3.  6d. 

The  above  Packaiies  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Meser=. 
MEKFUNS  and  CO.,  3.  Cross  Lane,  ."^t  Mary-at-Hill, 
Loidon,  E  C,  on  leceipt  of  Ch>qieor  Post-  ffice  Order. 

For  oJrticua  s  oi  our  olh,  r  Collections  01  Bu.bsfor  I  N  DOOR 
and  ^PRl.Nt.  G\RDb.NINU,  see  ( ur  comp'ete  and  rtvi>ed 
CATA  .UtiUE  for  i88o,  which  will  be  sent,  post-frte,  o..  ap^h- 
cation  to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.     ROOZiN     &     SON,      Nurserymen, 

OVERVEKN.  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 

STRAW  BERRIES. 

Strong  Rcot5,  41.  per  loo.  Pla  ts  in  small  pnls,  i6j.  per  ico 
ditto  in  large  pot-.  251    per  ico.     Descriptive  LlbT  Iree. 

RICH-\kD  SMll'H  Ai.u  CO.,  Murserymen  and  Seed 
Meichants.  Worcebter. 

JARMAN'S  BULBS. 

FIRST    QUALITY.  PRICES    LOW 

JARMAN'S   SEEDS. 

SEND    FOR 

LARGE     DESCRIPTIVE     CATALOGUE 

OF  BULBS,  SEEDS,  ROSES,  PLANTS, 

FERNS.  &c. 

A   Complete   Guide   for   Amateurs. 

GRATIS        AND        POST-FREE. 

E.    J.    JARMAN, 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN,    CHARD, 
SOMERSETSHIRE. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application.    

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,   ERHS..    Calcot   Gardens,    Reading 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS    on    application. 

jerseTTruit  trees. 

r^rrliise  Paid  for  Ca^h  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  Vievr 
Nurser.es.  who  w.U  send.  Carnage  Paid  for  Cash  w.th  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


357 


—  (Roof  0,  — 

SUPERB    QUALITY. 

■^hc^ickof  lollanb. 


Prices  very  moderate, 

Ifi-ee  2)eUv>eries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 


\  lltlmblc  altoapa.  Atidrcss  in  full — 

jF.^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS, 
j       XI be  (liuecn's  See&smen, 
j    — —    GHBSTEI^.    — — 


jCROUX&FILS, 

NurserymeD, 
Vall^e    d'Aulnay, 
>•     chatenay    (seinf). 

Trained  Ftuit  Trees, 


BULBOUS 
FLOWER  ROOTS. 

A  very  choice  Collection, 
embraciDg 

HYACINTHS,      LILIES, 

CROCUS,    TULIPS, 

&o. 

CARRIAGE     FREE. 

Priced  Catalogues  post -free. 


James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

ichester. 


108  EASTGATE  ST. 
'NEWTON'   NUBSERIES 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK     MUSHROOM 

SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  6i.  per  bushel 
(if.  exua  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
(id.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  ii. 

None  geDHiDC  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signatuie  attached. 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
fLimited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK.  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Feni 

Cultivation,"  li. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

indudine    Descriptive     "List    of  Nbw,    Rare,     and 

Choice  Ferns."  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 

W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NUESERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


EARLY  FOBCING  AND  OTHER 
FLOWERING 

BULBS 

of  finest  quality,   in  endless  variety, 
at  moderate  prices. 

Catalogues  gratis  and  post-free  ov  application. 

LITTLE     &     BALLANTYNE, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

CARLISLE. 


SEEDSMEN  by  ROYAL  WARRANTS 


To  HEH   the 

1  Frince  of  Wales. 


SUTTON'S 


BULBS, 


"  Tbe  Bulbs  yon  sent  me  are  splen- 
did. A  more  perfect  lot  It  would  be 
difficult  to  find."— Mr.  A.  DREWERY, 
Gardener  to  A.  E  Easten,  Esq., 
Patrlngton. 


I  r 

FLOWERS  AT  CHRISTMAS. 

SUTTON'S 

BULBSforEARLY  FORCING 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS- 
SINGLE  WHITE,  finest  selected. 

,,  ,,         second  size. 

SINGLE    BLUE. 

EARLY    NARCISSI- 
DOUBLE  ROMAN. 

PAPER-WHITE. 
FOR    FULL   PARTJCUL.4RS   SEE 

SUTTON'S 

AUTUII 
Forisse.  nATATOPTTTE 


Complete  Cultural  Instructions  and  Select 
Lists  of  the  best  kinds  of  Flower  Roots. 

AI-SO   A 

HANDSOME    COLOURED     PLATE, 

SUTTON'S      HYACINTHS 

In  Full  Bloom  at  the  Dutch  Bulb  Farms, 

A"  UMERO  US    ENGRA  VJNGS. 

Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 

I 


"  The  bulbs  you  sent  me  last  year,  particu- 
larly the  Tulips.  Hvacinihs,  and  Narcissi, 
hive  been  preaily  admired,  and  I  have  had 
a  display  of  beautiful  flowers  from  before 
Christmas  un'il  now  (February  23).  At  the 
same  time  I  wish  to  thank  you  for  the  careful 
choice  of  the  beantiCul  bulbs  sent  in  yrur  col- 
lection." HENRY  A.  LEE.  Esq..  Ratbgar. 


ROYAL    BERKS    SEED    ESTABLISHMENT, 


READING. 


THE 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    i8,    1886. 


MISTAKES    IN    GARDENING. 

AT  the  Bath  Floral  Fete,  September  i,  Mr. 
Shirley  Hibberd,  at  the  request  of  the 
Managing  Committee,  gave  a  brief  address  on 
"  Mistakes  in  Gardening." 

He  said,  in  the  few  observations  the  title  of 
his  discourse  suggested,  he  should  not  include 
a  single   word   on   any   matter  of  taste.     He 
would  speak  of  what  are  commonly  understood 
as  practical  matters,  for  although  on  the  subject 
of  taste  he  might  know  where  to  begin,  he  felt 
fully  satisfied  he  should  never  know  where  to 
leave  off.     So,  coming  to  practical  matters,  he 
would  say,  that  as  in  tailoring  a  man  must  cut 
his  coat  according  to  his  cloth,  so  in  gardening 
the   best    work   was    to    be   accomplished    by 
making  the  best  use  of  the  materials  at  com- 
mand.    It  was  not  to  be  questioned  that  the 
worst  use  was  often  made  of  the  materials,  and 
then  gardening  came  to  be  described  as  a  tire- 
some  and  costly   process   of  obtaining  a   dis- 
appointment.    Between    what   one    would   like 
and  what  is  possible  there  was  often  a  great 
gulf  fixed,  and  one  of  the  very  first  steps  to 
success  in  gardening  consisted  in  recognising 
the  capacities  of  a  place,  and  taking  the  fullest 
advantage  of  them.     To  enter  into  conflict  with 
Nature  is  a  serious  business,  and  therefore  it  is 
a  folly  to  speculate  largely  in  the  cultivation  of 
subjects  that  are  not  adapted  to  the  conditions 
at   our   command.      It   should    be   understood 
that  it  is  not  possible  to  grow  to  perfection  on 
the    same    soil    a    great    number    of   diverse 
genera  of  plants  ;    a   calcareous    soil   will   not 
suit     American     plants  ;     a     hot,    sandy    soil 
will  not  suit  show  Roses  ;  a  heavy  clay  is  a 
dreadful  thing  for  alpines,   and   to  get  Aspa- 
ragus from  it  is  not  an  easy  matter.      To  a 
certain  extent    gardening    is    a  conflict    with 
Nature  from  first  to  last,  and  the  fact  may  be 
adduced  as  an  argument  in  favour  of  softening 
the  outlines  of  the  conflict  by  every  possible 
opportunity.     To   alter   the   character    of    the 
staple  soil  was  in  many  cases  impossible  ;  in 
others   it  was   a  slow,    laborious,   and    costly 
business  ;  therefore  it  was  always  best  to  begin 
by  humouring  Nature  ;  selecting  for  the  garden 
plants  likely  to  thrive  without  any  special  aids 
or  contrivances.     A   familiar  example   of  the 
difficulty  of  modifying  the  original  conditions 
was  seen  in  plantations  of  Rhododendrons  in 
places  where  soil  and  climate  were  alike  unsuit- 
able, the  result  being  a  rapid  deterioration  of 
the   trees   from   the   beauty    they    had    when 
planted   fresh   from  their  beds   of  peat   in   a 
country  nursery,  to   miserable   scarecrows   not 
good  enough  for  the  dressing  of  a  Jack-in-the- 
Green  on  the  First  of  May.     If  the  making  of  a 
soil  for  a  special  purpose  can  ever  be  justified 
at  all,  the  Rhododendron  can  offer  as  good  a 
justification  as  any  ornamental  plants  known  to 
our  gardens.     But  in  truth,  many  such  justifica- 
tions  may  be  found,  and  the  man  who  can 
afford  to  gratify   his    whims    may    accomplish 
wonderful   things   verging   on    the    impossible. 
But  we  see  people  who  cannot  afford  to  engage 


358 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[September  i8,  1886, 


in  great  conflicts  making  grievous  and  costly 
mistakes  in  doing  certain  things  badly,  when 
other  things  quite  as  well  worth  doing  are  as 
clearly  at  command  as  the  present  moment  and 
the  ground  we  stand  upon.  Many  amateurs 
who  love  gardening  attempt  too  much,  and 
spread  their  energies  over  too  large  a  surface  ; 
the  result  being  imperfect  work  and  superficial 
enjoyment.  Substantial  enjoyment  and  perfect 
satisfaction  can  only  be  hoped  for  as  the  result 
of  doing  things  well,  and  with  a  view  always, 
to  use  Greeley's  words,  to  "  beat  the  best 
record."  It  is  a  key  to  sure  success  to 
measure  first  the  range  of  capabilities,  and, 
this  being  accomplished,  it  will  be  more  credit- 
able, and  therefore  more  enjoyable,  to  make 
the  best  of  these  than  to  engage  in  conflicts 
and  dally  with  difficulties.  The  resources  of 
nature  are  so  vast  and  various  that  wherever 
gardening  is  possible  abundant  entertainment 
and  a  reasonable  range  of  profit  may  be  secured 
by  simply  planting  things  that  are  the  most 
likely  to  thrive,  and  leaving  untouched,  for  a 
time  at  least,  all  doubtful  subjects.  There  are 
sandy  and  loamy  soils  of  such  a  kindly  charac- 
ter that  almost  anything  we  plant  will  thrive 
upon  them  ;  but,  generally  speaking,  every 
place  has  some  peculiarities,  and  if  unsuited 
for  some  things  we  should  like  may  be  admir- 
ably suited  for  some  other  things  equally  in- 
teresting and  useful. 

A  common  source  of  mistakes  in  gardening 
is  the  failure  to  forecast  results.  It  is  in  pic- 
turing clearly  the  far-off  effect  of  present  work 
that  the  genius  of  the  true  landscape  gardener 
is  made  evident.  He  sees  the  sapling  tree  as  it 
comes  to  his  hand  for  planting,  and  he  at  the 
same  time  sees  it  as  it  will  be  in  twenty,  thirty, 
or  fifty  years,  and  he  sees  his  groups  and  com- 
binations fully  developed  even  at  the  moment 
of  designing  them,  and  thus  it  is  that  when  he 
is  dead  and  gone  his  work  remains  a  living  and 
a  glorious  monument.  Now,  many  amateurs 
who  love  their  gardens,  and  possess  an  im- 
mensity of  knowledge  of  horticulture,  fail  in  this 
necessary  forecasting,  and  the  beautiful  pictures 
they  make  by  means  of  costly  planting  develop 
into  incongruities  and  absurdities,  and  the  mis- 
takes are  declared  when  it  is  too  late  to  remedy 
them.  I  will  take  you  to  a  garden  here  and  a 
garden  there — for  there  are  thousands  of  such 
as  I  have  now  in  my  mind's  eye — and  I  will 
ask  you  if  downright  folly  ever  wore  more 
beautiful  features,  or  more  plainly  declared 
that  the  way  the  thing  was  done  was  the  very 
way  not  to  do  it.  Here  we  see  Pines,  Firs 
Cedars,  Spruces,  and  deciduous  trees  of  many 
kinds,  that  when  originally  planted  presented  a 
most  delightful  stippling  of  many  colours  and 
sweet  combinations  of  form,  now  jumbled  in  a 
confusion  that  confounds  the  planter,  and  com- 
pels one  to  groan  aloud  in  a  spoiled  paradise, 
where  sounds  of  joy  only  should  be  heard. 
How  painful  it  is  to  see  a  lofty  Picea  or  Pinus 
that  has  grown  with  vigour,  and  would  have 
been  a  marvel  of  beauty  under  better  circum- 
stances, now  eaten  into  by  a  forward  Spruce, 
or  threatened  with  extinction  by  an  overtopping 
Sequoia  that  is  itself  hemmed  in  by  a  suffo- 
cating surrounding  of  Deodars,  Yews,  and 
Cypresses  !  This  sort  of  mistake  is  repeated  in 
every  variety  of  form  throughout  the  country, 
and  is  attributable  in  the  first  instance  to  defi- 
cient judgment  of  future  effect ;  and  in  the  ne.\t 
place  to  lack  of  courage  in  sacrificing  many 
trees  of  secondary  value  in  order  to  save  the 
noblest,  the  rarest,  and  the  most  interesting. 

And  the  mention  of  coniferous  trees  reminds 
me  of  the  frequency  of  mistakes  in  planting 
them  where  they  are  not  only  unlikely  to  thrive, 
but  certain  to  perish.  We  may  see  spacious 
approaches,  that  might  have  been  noble  if 
planted  with  decicuous  trees,  made  hideous 
with  Conifers  that  in  their  dinginess  and  dis- 
tress seem  lost  in  the  cold  calculation  of  the 
length   of  years   allotted  them.     An  impartial 


looker-on  might  unhesitatingly  condemn  such 
as  bad  firewood,  or  take  the  tops  for  cheap 
Christmas  trees,  but  the  owners  of  such  things 
appear  always  to  be  of  a  hopeful  disposition, 
and  expect  the  branches  to  return  that  Nature 
has  removed  for  ever,  not  knowing  that  coni- 
ferous trees  are  of  very  limited  elasticity,  and 
do  not  renew  their  youth  when  decrepitude 
has  come  upon  them,  as  often  happens  with 
deciduous  trees.  The  Deodar,  or  the  Yew,  or 
the  giant  Holly  that  seals  up  all  the  windows  of 
a  house  and  makes  pestilence  in  the  family  by 
excluding  sunshine  and  air,  we  will  not  talk 
about,  for  it  is  not  a  mistake  in  gardening,  it  is 
an  absurdity  of  a  more  dreadful  nature,  and 
belongs  to  the  agencies — and  there  are  many 
such— that  blight  the  world  and  destroy  life. 
These  stiflers,  however,  illustrate  in  the  most 
forcible  manner  the  necessity  of  considering 
when  we  plant  a  tree  what  sort  of  thing  it  is 
likely  to  become  in  the  course  of  a  few  years. 

The  needless  conflict  with  Nature  in  which 
men  often  delight  when  they  take  to  gardening 
is  seen  in  the  mismanagement  of  things.  They 
plant  fruit  trees,  perhaps,  and  if  they  would  but 
leave  them  alone  Nature  would  be  kind  and 
give  them  fruit.  But  they  must  do  something, 
and  so  they  pinch  the  trees  several  times  in  the 
summer,  and  prune  them  severely  in  the  winter, 
and  perhaps  root  prune  occasionally  when  the 
trees  have  none  too  many  roots,  and  the  end  of 
it  is  that  get  no  fruit  at  all,  or  so  little  that  its 
value  will  scarcely  pay  for  the  sharpening  of  the 
instruments  of  torture.  The  chopping,  and 
shaving,  and  bleeding,  and  distorting  of  fruit 
trees  to  make  them  fruitful  may  be  said  to 
have  had  its  day.  Certainly  I  have  seen  some 
good  result  from  my  preachings  on  the  sub- 
ject ten  years  ago,  and  I  expect  to  see  much 
more  yet,  for  the  loudest  advocates  of  the  re- 
pressive system  are  beginning  to  believe  in 
Nature  a  little,  and  they  see  that  it  is  more 
profitable  to  allow  the  trees  to  produce  fruit  in 
their  own  way,  than  to  ensure  a  crop  by  pur- 
chasing the  fruit  and  tying  it  on.  What  is  true 
of  fruit  trees  is  true  of  Roses,  and  many  more 
good  things  that  people  insist  on  doing  too 
much  for,  as  though  Nature  had  nothing  to  do 
with  the  production  of  flowers  and  fruits.  One 
reason  why  standard  Roses  aie  in  gardens  is 
that  they  are  too  severely  pruned,  and  the 
powerful  Brier  stock  of  which  their  stems  con- 
sist must  either  be  allowed  to  grow  with  vigour, 
or  must  give  up  an  existence  when  it  has 
become  a  mere  oppression.  If  all  the 
pruning  knives  and  all  the  cutting  and  clipping 
machines  that  are  used  in  gardens  were  com- 
pletely abolished.  Nature  would  assert  her- 
self in  the  free  and  bounteous  growth  of 
vegetation,  and  an  abundant  harvest  of  benefits 
for  the  sustenance  and  comfort  and  spiritual 
help  of  man  ;  for  as  compared  with  any  one  tree 
that  is  pruned  in  a  reasonable  manner  ten 
thousand  are  mangled  into  ugly  barrenness, 
and  their  owners  cry  out  that  gardening  is  un- 
profitable. When  Naaman  was  told  to  wash 
seven  times  he  became  an  emblem  of  man  in 
conflict  with  Nature.  The  simple  course  pre- 
scribed for  his  cure  was  too  simple,  for  it  meant 
that  cleanliness  is  our  best  protection  against 
disease.  He  "  thought,"  he  said,  the  prophet 
would  engage  in  an  elaborate  performance  to 
effect  a  cure,  but  the  washing  was  a  despicable 
proceeding — it  was  a  too  direct  appeal  to  the 
renewing  powers  of  Nature. 

An  illustration,  both  of  the  failure  to  forecast 
results  and  the  tendency  to  attempt  impossi- 
bilities, is  seen  in  many  gardens  where  the  fruit 
trees  overtop  the  walls.  The  essence  of  the 
case  is  that  the  walls  are  not  tall  enough  for 
the  trees,  and  the  knife  is  freely  used  to  effect  a 
balance  between  them.  For  a  time  the  balance 
is  very  poorly  maintained  by  the  cruel  employ- 
ment of  coercion,  the  best  growth  the  trees 
make  being  systematically  shortened  back  to 
effect  the  accommodation.     But   this   is   for  a 


time  only.  If  the  trees  thrive  they  will  endea- 
vour to  assert  themselves  ;  in  place  of  clean 
rods,  rising  direct  towards  the  sky,  they  will 
throw  up  a  thicket  of  spray  along  the  top  line 
of  the  wall,  and  look  over  to  see  if  there  is  any 
help  at  hand.  While  this  goes  on,  the  growth 
on  the  top  line  being  periodically  harried  by  the 
gardener's  knife,  the  trees  will  be  found  to  bear 
less  and  less  fruit,  and  to  cast  off  occasionally 
the  best-placed  of  their  lower  branches.  There 
are  many  miles  of  respectable  garden  walls,  or 
walls  that  might  be  respectable,  in  this  plight, 
the  consequence  simply  of  injudicious  planting, 
as  though  by  the  word  of  command  a  tall 
grenadier  could  roll  himself  up  within  a  lady's 
reticule.  It  comes  to  nothing  to  say  that  walls 
cost  money,  because  to  make  bad  use  of  them 
for  the  butchery  of  trees  that  would  be  useful  if 
reasonably  treated  is  simply  to  waste  the  money 
expended,  or  at  least  to  waste  the  opportunity 
for  employing  them  usefully.  Walls  that  are 
too  short  for  Plums  and  Pears  may  be  tall 
enough  for  Nectarines  and  Morello  Cherries. 
Walls  that  are  to  short  for  these  last  may  still 
be  tall  enough  for  Gooseberries,  and  Currants, 
and  Tomatos.  And  walls  that  are  too  short  for 
these  last  may  pay  their  rent  by  sheltering  early 
Potatos.  Let  us  have  proportion  in  gardening, 
and  avoid  complaining  loudly  of  failures  we 
have  invited.  The  last  man  who  should  com- 
plain of  having  lost  his  head  is  he  who  willingly 
placed  it  in  the  lion's  mouth. 

The  pivot  on  which  we  seem  to  turn  in  this 
kind  of  blundering  is  the  notion  that  the  knife 
is  a  remedial  agent.  Generally  speaking  it  is 
an  exasperating  agent,  making  bad  worse, 
thwarting  rather  than  suppressing  Nature,  and 
effectual  only  in  whittling  away  the  foundations 
of  our  prosperity  in  gardening.  Wall  trees  are 
of  necessity  systematically  pruned,  and  more  or 
less  severely  trained  ;  and  because  of  this  all 
the  natural  growth  that  can  be  allowed  con- 
sistently with  the  proper  working  out  of  the 
system  should  be  not  only  allowed  but  en- 
couraged. In  a  great  garden,  where  the  walls 
suffice  for  the  needs  of  the  trees,  we  see  them, 
generally  speaking,  grandly  developed,  in  the 
best  of  health,  and  wondrously  fruitful.  It  is  in 
the  garden  where  false  economy  requires  a 
short  wall  to  do  the  work  of  one  thrice  the 
height  that  we  find  trees  that  grow  too  much 
at  top  and  too  little  at  bottom;  and  that  not 
only  produce  little  fruit,  but  are  vexatiously  . 
prolific  in  the  production  of  vermin. 

Having  mentioned  vermin,  I  am  reminded  of 
the  plagues  of  Egypt,  all  of  them  consequent  on 
Pharoah's  hardness  of  heart.  It  often  appears 
to  me  that  Pharoah  has  been  fished  out  of  the 
Red  Sea,  and  galvanised  into  an  amateur  gar- 
dener, for  this  interesting  gentleman  governs 
the  Land  of  Goshen  much  as  Pharoah  did,  with 
great  ability  and  spirit  ;  and  yet  he  so  often 
tempts  Providence  that  the  plagues  follow  and 
endeavour  to  consume  him.  He  plants  Roses 
and  Hollyhocks  amidst  overshading  trees,  and 
in  places  so  sheltered  and  snug  that  no  unkind 
breath  can  reach  them.  The  result  is,  that  a 
garden  intended  for  flowers  becomes  a  sort  of 
hotbed  for  mildew,  and  the  sulphur  merchant  is 
applied  to  in  aid  of  plants  that  are  simply 
perishing  for  want  of  air.  I  am  satisfied,  by 
years  of  critical  observation,  that  the  plagues  of 
our  gardens  are  in  a  great  measure  the  proper 
consequences  of  our  practices  ;  and  we  are  con- 
victed of  inconsistency  and  inhospitality  that 
we  are  so  mean  as  to  curse  the  guests  whom  we 
have  taken  pains  to  invite.  Many  of  the 
casualties  with  which  we  have  to  reckon  are 
beyond  our  control,  and  are  true  calamities,  no 
doubt ;  but  air  and  water  are  needed  in  vastly 
greater  proportions  by  plants  than  our  cus- 
tomary economy  acknowledges,  and  sure  I  am 
that  Roses  and  Hollyhocks  have  been  and  are 
very  badly  treated  in  respect  of  these  primary 
necessities.  The  moulds  and  mildews  and 
the    insect    enemies,   in    great     measure,   are 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


359 


favoured  by  processes  of  starving  and  suffo- 
cating within  doors  and  without,  and  if  you 
will  make  a  few  comparisons  between  gardens 
that  are  clean  and  gardens  that  are  dirty  you 
will  find  that  the  differences  chiefly  consist  in 
the  proportions  of  air  and  water.  You  will  say 
we  cannot  take  our  close  town  gardens  into  the 
breezy  country,  and  to  that  I  must  respond  in 
the  affirmative.  But  I  may  add  that  the  more 
unfavourable  the  circumstances  the  greater  the 
need  for  forethought  and  for  the  observance  of 
proportion.  We  see  in  gardens  of  smallish 
dimensions  all  kinds  of  things  doing  badly  on 
the  boundary  borders  that  would  thrive  joyously 
if  planted  in  the  very  centre  of  the  ground,  to 
obtain  a  ma.ximum  of  air  and  sunshine  and  a 
fair  share  of  every  falling  shower.  "  We  want 
the  centre  for  our  games,"  you  say.  Yes,  but 
that  does  not  necessitate  crowding  the  borders 
with  plants  that  can  never  prosper  e.xcept  in  the 
fullest  light  and  with  all  the  heavenly  breezes 
playing  about  them. 

Mistakes  in  gardening  will  occur  so  long  as 
the  art  is  known  to  man,  and  the  ablest  gar- 
deners will  make  mistakes,  and  will  often  learn 
from  them  more  than  they  learn  from  their 
successes.  But,  for  all  that,  successes  are  much 
to  be  desired,  and  if  they  do  not  bring  material 
advantage  they  gratify  the  mind  and  confirm 
the  wisdom  of  the  adage,  that  what  is  worth 
doing  is  worth  doing  well. 


AMATEUR    BULB    DEALERS. 

In  our  number  for  August  28,  p.  279,  a  corres- 
pondent called  attention  to  a  method  of  doing  business 
adopted  by  a  dealer  in  a  Midland  town,  and  whose 
name  was  not  given,  and  alluded  to  the  practice  of 
offering  a  discount  of  10  per  cent,  to  gardeners.  This 
communication  brought  us  a  very  courteous  letter 
from  a  firm  of  lawyers  at  Birmingham,  who,  at  the 
request  of  their  client,  Mr.  Robert  Sydenham, 
enclosed  the  subjoined  communication  from  him. 

We  learn  also  from  them  that  Mr.  Sydenham  is  a 
gentleman  of  high  repute,  that  anything  he  avers  may 
be  relied  on,  and  that  his  firm  is  in  a  large  way  of 
business  as  wholesale  jewellers  and  merchants,  and 
occupies  extensive  premises  built  by  themselves  for  the 
purpose  of  these  businesses.  This  is  Mr.  Sydenham's 
letter  :— 

"  .\MATEUR  Bulb  Dealers. 

"  My  attention  has  been  called  to  an  article  in  your 
issue  of  the  28th  ultimo,  headed  as  above  and  initialed 
'  D. ,'  and  which  evidently  refers  to  me.  and  is  being 
freely  commented  upon  by  the  local  traders  in  bulbs, 
and  is  likely  to  do  me  and  my  firm  serious  injury  unless 
the  inuendos  therein  contained  are  publicly  contradicted 
and  withdrawn.  If  the  writer  wants  to  know  anything 
respecting  me  or  the  capacity  and  extent  of  my  business 
premises,  he  can  make  inquiry,  and  he  will  find  that  I 
have  more  than  ample  premises  to  carry  on  two,  three, 
or  more  businesses  if  I  think  fit  to  embark  in  them,  and 
which  I  have  a  perfect  right  to  do,  notwithstanding  any 
objection  by  others  to  the  contrary.  If  you  had  read 
my  circular,  which  I  contend  you  ought  to  have  done 
before  you  permitted  the  article  in  question  to  be  inserted, 
you  would  have  found,  that  I  am  not  dealing  in  bulbs 
merely  for  *  private  gain." 

* '  The  allowance  of  10  per  cent,  discount  to  '  Gardeners 
and  large  buyers '  is  no  new  feature  in  my  deaUngs  in 
bulbs.  I  deny  that  my  prices  are  20  per  cent,  in  excess 
of  other  retail  dealers  in  Dutch  Bulbs.  I  have  several 
lists  o(  other  houses  before  me,  and  on  comparison  find 
that  my  quoted  prices  are  much  lower  than  any  of  the 
retail  traders,  therefore,  it  is  1  gross  libel  upon  me  to 
say,  that  any  gardener  dealing  with  me  '  must  cause  his 
employer  to  pay  20  per  cent  higher  prices  than  he  would 
be  called  upon  to  pay  recognised  dealers.' 

"  I  must  therefore  call  upon  you,  in  your  next  issue, 
to  retract  and  withdraw  the  objectionable  and  unwarrant- 
able remarks  you  have  made  reflecting  upon  me  and  my 
character,  and  to  apologise  for  having  so  made  them, 
and  to  pubUsh  this  letter. 

"  I  am.  Yours  truly, 

"  Robert  Sydenham. 

"  Birmingham,  September  8.  1886. 

"P.S.  I  send  you  a  copy  of  my  circular  of  1885,  and 
also  of  this  year.  You  will  see  I  undertake,  under  certain 
circumstances  to  replace  bulbs,  which  do  not  flower 
satisfactorily.  This  in  itself  would  entitle  me  to  charge  a 
higher  price  if  I  thought  fit,  and  having  been  in  business 
here  for  fifteen  years,  my  guarantee  and  undertaking  is 
good  enough  for  the  public." 

To  this  we  add,  though  Mr.  Sydenham  does  not 
ask  us  to  do  so,  a  copy  of  his  printed  circular  for  1886, 
and  a  copy  of  a  written  document  which  was  for- 


warded to  us  by  the  correspondent  to  whose  remarks 
Mr.  Sydenham  objects.  For  any  possible  error  ol 
fact  in  our  correspondent  "  D.'s  "  statement  we  must 
express  our  regret,  but  we  may  state  our  opinion  that 
the  practice  of  offering  discount  to  gardeners  is  open 
to  objection,  and  we  may  say  that  from  trade-lists 
before  us  we  find  that  some  Dutch  firms  offer  single 
bulbs  of  many  varieties  at  considerably  less  price  than 
Mr.  Sydenham  does  for  single  bulbs  of  the  same 
varieties. 

"  Tenby  Street,  Birmingham. 
"  Dear  Sir,— In  sending  out  this  list  of  bulbs,  I  would 
have  any  unknown  correspondents  understand  I  am  not 
a  regular  nurseryman,  being  a  wholesale  jeweller  by 
trade,  that  I  send  out  these  bulbs  more  as  a  change 
from  my  ordinary  business  and  to  encourage  amateurs 
to  grow  good  bulbs,  by  supplying  them  with  the  best 
quality  at  prices  which,  by  comparison,  will  be  found 
considerably  less  than  what  is  charged  by  the  large 
nurserymen  in  this  country  or  abroad. 

"I  have  made  bulbs  my  special  study  and  hobby; 
this  spring  I  spent  a  long  time  in  Holland  expressly  to 
select  those  varieties  which  threw  the  best  spikes  of 
bloom,  and  have  selected  only  those  varieties  which  were 
universally  the  best  bloomers.  I  found  most  yellow 
Hyacinths  uncertain,  the  same  with  purples  ;  those  named 
in  the  list  are  the  most  reliable.  I  was  surprised  how 
very  few  good  double  Hyacinths  I  saw  in  Holland,  and 
could  only  recommend  the  three  named  in  Ust  to  those 
who  will  have  double  ones. 

"  Of  the  varieties  mentioned  in  the  enclosed  list  I  have 
made  special  arrangements  for  a  very  large  number  of 
each,  and  obtained  specially  low  figures  as  a  large  cash 
buyer.  I  can  so  far  guarantee  the  quaUty  of  my  best- 
named  bulbs,  that  I  will  undertake  to  replace  next  year 
at  half-price  any  which,  with  fair  treatment,  do  not 
flower  satisfactorily. 

"  For  those  who  want  cheaper  bulbs  I  have  purchased 
a  second  quality  ;  they  are  what  usually  go  to  auction 
sales.     With  these,  however,  I  can  give  no  guarantee. 

"  I  shall  be  pleased  to  obtain  any  varieties  not  men- 
tioned in  enclosed  list  at  about  a  week's  notice  if  ordered 
in  any  quantity. 

"  My  friends  will  notice  a  large  reduction  in  the  prices 
of  hundreds  or  other  large  quantities.  These  are  sold 
in  the  original  packages  as  they  come  from  Holland,  the 
smaller  lots  have  to  be  carefully  picked  out,  re-packed, 
labelled,  hence  exU-a  cost  for  bags,  labels,  clerk's  time, 
&c.  I  wish  it,  therefore,  to  be  distinctly  understood,  I 
cannot  sell  less  than  the  quantities  named  at  the  prices 
given,  nor  do  I  solicit  any  orders  under  2J.  6d. 

"  I  have  made  up  three  collections  for  those  who  hke 
collections,  particulars  of  which  are  on  the  last  page, 
purchasers  may  alter  these  collections  in  any  way  to  suit 
their  own  taste,  provided  the  value  is  kept  the  same. 

' '  The  bulbs  may  be  personally  inspected  and  selected 
any  afternoons,  Saturday  excepted,  after  2  P.M.  I  can- 
not undertake  to  attend  personally  to  my  bulb  customers 
in  the  mornings,  having  other  business  to  attend  to,  but 
all  orders  received  by  post.  I  will  select  and  execute  with 
the  same  care  as  I  would  for  my  own  planting. 

"I  advise  all  intending  purchasers  to  order  early, 
orders  given  late  often  prove  unsatisfactory  as  the  first 
buyers  pick  out  the  best. 

"  Having  had  a  great  deal  of  trouble  to  collect  some 
money  for  bulbs  sent  in  good  faith  to  unknown  cus- 
tomers last  season,  I  must  ask  that  the  money  be  sent 
with  the  orders  ;  I  will  give  references  when  required,  or 
return  money  if  the  bulbs  are  not  perfectly  satisfactory 
when  received. 

"Orders  over  ^i  carriage  paid  in  England;  orders 
over  £2  carriage  paid  to  Scotland  or  Ireland. 

"  Robert  Sydenham." 
"  For  cultuial  instructions,  &c.,  I  refer  my  friends  to 
the  short  pamphlet  sent  with  this  Ust." 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  written  document  ad- 
dressed to  a  well-known  gardener  and  forwarded  to 
us  : — 

"Sydenham  Brothers, 
"  Merchants  and  Manufacturing  Jewellers, 

"Tenby  Street,  Birmingham. 
"Sir,— Ten  tons  in  weight  of  bulbs,  as  per  enclosed 
list,  will  be  here  about  the  middle  of  the  month  (August). 
"Ten  per  cent.,  or  m.  in  the  pound,  allowed  to  gar- 
deners, and  a  special  discount  for  large  quantities. 
"  To  Mr. ,  Head  Gardener." 


POTATOS.  —  According   to  the  experiments 

made  at  Kolhamsted,  a  summary  of  which  is  con- 
tained in  the  Memorandum  Sheet  for  1886,  the  yield 
of  Potatos  (Champions)  in  18S5,  grown  on  unmanured 
land  since  1876,  amounted  to  i  ton  i  cwt.  per  acre, 
the  average  of  five  seasons  being  I  ton  193  cwt.  The 
heaviest  crop  (4  tons  95  cwt.)  was  derived  from  the 
plot  to  which  a  rich  manure,  comprising  ammonia, 
superphosphate,  sulphate  of  potash,  soda,  and  mag- 
nesia, was  applied.  The  average  of  five  seasons  on 
the  same  plot  is  7  tons  I3i  cwt.  ;  so  that  there  was  a 
great  deficiency.  The  plot  to  which  oiirate  of  soda 
is  added  instead  of  ammonia,  but  otherwise  the  same, 
produced  in  1885,  and  also  on  the  average  of  five 
years,  only  a  little  less  than  the  ammonia  plot.  The 
percentage  of  nitrogen  in  the  tubers  is  also  greatest 
in  these  highly  manured  plots. 


THE   HISTORY  OF  PLANTS. 

iS:cnclu!ild  from  />.  328. 

In  taking  a  further  step  into  the  past,  and  tracing 
the  remains  of  existing  species  of  plants  preserved  in 
the  strata  of  the  earth's  crust,  we  must  necessarily 
leave  behind  all  certain  chronology.  Without  an 
intelligent  observer  and  recorder  there  can  be  no 
definite  determination  of  time.  We  can  only  specu- 
late as  to  the  period  required  for  effecting  the  changei 
represented  by  the  various  deposits. 

The  peat  bogs  are  composed  entirely  of  plant 
remains  belonging  to  the  floras  existing  in  the  regions 
where  they  occur.  They  are  mainly  surface  accumula- 
tions still  being  formed  and  going  back  to  an  unknown 
antiquity.  They  are  subsequent  to  the  last  changes 
in  the  surface  of  the  country,  and  represent  the  physical 
conditions  still  prevailing. 

The  period  of  great  cold  during  which  arctic  ice 
extended  far  into  temperate  regions  was  not  favourable 
to  vegetable  life.  But  in  some  localities  we  have 
stratified  clays  with  plant  remains  later  than  the 
Glacial  Epoch,  yet  indicating  that  the  great  cold  had 
not  then  entirely  disappeared.  In  the  lacustrine  beds 
at  Holderness  is  found  a  small  Birch  (Betula  nana), 
now  limited  in  Great  Britain  to  some  of  the  moun- 
tains of  Scotland,  but  found  in  the  arctic  regions  of 
the  Old  and  New  World  and  00  alpine  districis  in 
Europe,  and  with  it  Prunus  padus.  Quercus  R  'bur, 
Corylus  Avellana,  Alous  glulinosa,  and  Pinus  sylves- 
tris.  In  the  white  clay  beds  at  Bovey  Tracey  ot  the 
same  age  there  occur  the  leaves  of  Arctostaphylos 
UvaUrsi,  three  species  of  Willow— viz.,  Salix  cinerea, 
S.  myrtilloides,  and  S.  polaris ;  and  in  addition  to 
our  alpine  Betula  nana,  the  more  familiar  B.  alba. 
In  beds  of  the  same  age  in  Sweden,  Nathorst  bat 
found  the  leaves  of  Dryas  octopetala  and  Salix 
herbacea,  this  being  associated  with  S.  polaris.  Two 
of  these  plants  have  been  lost  to  our  flora  from  the 
change  of  climate  that  has  taken  place— viz.,  Salix 
mytlilloides  and  S.  polaris  ;  and  Betula  nana  has 
retreated  to  the  mountains  of  Scotland.  Three  others 
(Dryas  octopetala,  Arctostaphylos  Uva-Ursi,  and 
Salix  herbacea)  have  withdrawn  to  the  mountains  of 
northern  England,  Wales,  and  Scotland,  while  the 
remainder  are  still  found  scattered  over  the  country. 
Notwithstanding  the  diverse  physical  conditions  to 
which  these  plants  have  been  subjected,  the  remains 
preserved  in  these  beds  present  no  characters  by  which 
they  can  be  distinguished  from  the  living  representatives 
of  the  species. 

We  meet  with  no  further  materials  for  careful  com- 
parison with  existing  species  until  we  get  beyond  the 
great  period  of  intense  cold  which  immediately  pre- 
ceded the  present  order  of  things.  The  Glacial  Epoch 
includes  four  periods  during  which  the  cold  was 
intense,  separated  by  intervals  of  somewhat  higher 
temperature  which  are  represented  by  the  intervening 
sedimentary  deposits.  During  these  altera  1  ns  of 
temperature  extensive  changes  in  the  configuration  of 
the  land  were  taking  place.  The  first  great  upheaval 
occurred  in  the  early  glacial  period,  and  was  followed 
by  a  considerable  subsidence.  A  second  upheaval 
took  place  late  in  the  glacial  epoch.  Various  esti- 
mates have  been  formed  of  the  time  required  for  this 
succession  of  climatic  conditions  and  earth-movements. 
The  moderate  computation  of  Ramsay  and  Lyell  gives 
to  the  boulder  clay  of  the  first  glacial  period  an  age  of 
250,000  years,  estimating  the  time  of  the  first  upheaval 
as  200,000  years  ago,  while  the  subsidence  took  place 
50,000  years  later,  and  the  second  upheaval  92,000 
years  ago. 

The  sedimentary  deposits  later  than  the  Pliocene 
strata,  but  older  than  the  glacial  drift,  indicate  an 
increasing  severity  in  the  climate,  which  reached  its 
height  in  the  first  glacial  period. 

At  Cromer,  on  the  Norfolk  coast,  the  newest  of 
these  deposits  has  supplied  the  remains  of  Silix 
polaris,  S.  cinerea,  and  Hypnum  turgescens.  This 
small  group  of  plants  is  ol  great  interest  in  connection 
with  the  history  of  existing  species  ;  their  remains  are 
preserved  in  such  a  manner  as  to  permit  the  closest 
comparison  with  living  plants.  Such  an  examination 
shows  that  they  differ  from  each  other  in  no  particular. 
In  the  post-glacial  deposits  in  Sweden  Salix  herbacea 
is  associated  with  S.  polaris,  as  I  have  already  stated. 
These  two  Willows  are  very  closely  related,  having, 
indeed,  been  treated  as  the  same  species  until 
Wahlcnberg  pointed  out  the  characters  which  sepa- 
rated them  when  he  established  Salix  polaris  as  a 
distinct  species  in  1812.  One  of  the  most  obvious  of 
the  specific  distinctions  is  the  form  and  venation  of 


36o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  i8,  1886. 


the  leaf— a  character  which  is,  however,  easily  over- 
looked, but  when  once  detected  is  found  to  be  so 
constant  that  it  enables  one  to  distinguish  without 
hesitation  the  one  species  from  the  other.  The  leaves 
of  the  two  Willows  in  the  Swedish  bed  present  all  the 
peculiarities  which  they  possess  at  the  present  day, 
and  the  venation  and  form  of  the  leaves  of  S.  polaris 
from  the  pre-glacial  beds  of  Cromer  present  no 
approach  towards  the  peculiarities  of  its  ally,  S. 
herbacea,  but  exhibit  them  exactly  as  they  appear  in 
the  living  plant.  This  is  the  more  noteworthy  as  the 
vegetative  organs  supply,  as  a  rule,  the  least  stable  of 
the  characters  employed  in  the  diagnosis  of  species. 
The  single  moss  (Ilypnum  turgescens)  is  no  longer 
included  in  the  British  flora,  but  is  still  found  as  an 
arctic  and  alpine  species  in  Europe,  and  the  pre- 
glacial  specimens  of  this  cellular  plant  differ  in  no 
respect  from  their  living  representatives. 

The  older  beds  containing  the  remains  of  existing 
jpecies,  which  are  found  also  at  Cromer,  have  recently 
been  explored  with  unwearied  diligence  and  great 
success  by  Mr.  Clement  Reid,  an  ofticer  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  England.  To  him  I  am  indebted 
fi  r  the  opportunity  of  examining  the  specimens  which 
he  has  found,  and  I  have  been  able  to  assist  him  in 
s  me  of  his  determinations,  and  to  accept  all  of  them. 
His  collections  contain  aixty-one  species  of  plants 
(enumerated  by  the  lecturer)  belonging  to  forty-six 
diflterent  genera,  and  of  these  forty-seven  species  have 
been  identified.  Slabs  of  clay-ironstone  from  the 
beach  at  Happisburgh  contain  leaves  of  Beech,  Elm, 
Oak,  and  Willow.  The  materials,  however,  which 
have  enabled  Mr.  Reid  to  record  so  large  a  number 
of  species  are  the  fruits  or  seeds  which  occur  chiefly 
in  mud  or  clay,  or  in  the  peat  of  the  forest  bed  itself. 
The  species  consist  mainly  of  water  or  marsh  plants, 
and  represent  a  somewhat  colder  temperature  than  we 
have  in  our  own  day,  belonging,  as  they  do,  to  the 
arctic  facies  of  our  existing  flora.  Only  one  species 
(Trapa  natans)  has  disappeared  from  our  islands  ;  its 
fruits,  which  Mr.  Reid  found  abundantly  in  one  locality, 
agree  with  those  of  the  plants  found  until  recently  in 
the  lakes  of  Sweden. 

The  various  physical  conditions  which  necessarily 
affected  these  species  in  their  frequent  dififusion  over 
large  areas  of  the  earth's  surface  in  the  course  of 
say,  250,000  years,  should  have  led  to  the  production 
of  many  varieties,  but  the  uniform  testimony  of  the 
remains  of  this  considerable  pre-glacial  flora,  as  far 
as  the  materials  admit  of  a  comparison,  is  that  no 
appreciable  change  has  taken  place. 

It  is  not  my  purpose  to  point  out  the  bearing  of 
these  facts  on  any  theoretical  views  entertained  at  the 
present  day  :  I  wish  merely  to  place  them  before  the 
mi  mbers  of  this  section  as  data  which  must  be  taken 
into  account  in  constructing  such  theories,  and  as 
ctnFrming  the  long  established  axiom  that  by  us, 
at  Iiast,  as  workers,  species  must  be  dealt  with  as 
tix' d  quantities.  From  Mr.  Cau-uther^s  presidential 
aif>'7(ss  to  the  Biological  Section^  British  Association. 


ARISTOLOCHIA    RIDICULA,  A^.  E.  Brown, 
n.  sp. 

The  genus  Aristolochia  is  well  known  for  the 
curious  and  fantastic  forms  assumed  by  ihe  flowers  of 
the  different  species,  but  none  that  I  have  seen  pre- 
sent (to  my  fancy  at  leasi)  so  remarkable  an  appear- 
ance as  the  flowers  of  ihii  novelty  recently  received 
from  Mr.  W.  Ball  of  Chelsea  ;  they  are  positively 
droll,  the  two  lobes  on  the  sides  of  the  mouth  of  the 
flower  forcibly  reminding  one  of  donkey's  ears  (see 
fig-  73). 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  A,  eriantha,  Mart., 
a  species  not  yet  in  cultivation  ;  the  stems  and  leaves 
are  almost  identical,  and  the  flowers  are  of  the  same 
type,  but  larger,  and  differ  strikingly  in  the  shape  and 
position  of  the  lobes  at  the  mouth  of  the  flower.  la 
A.  eriantha  these  are  figured  as  somewhat  spathulate 
at  iheir  tips,  though  they  jcarctly  appear  so  in  dried 
specimens,  and  spread  out  horizonlally  from  the 
upper  e.'lge  cf  the  mouth  of  the  flower,  that  is,  the 
edge  which  is  turned  towards  the  stalk  of  the  flower, 
Ihe  lower  edge  being  truncate.  In  A.  ridicula  the 
lobes  aie  not  at  all  spalhul.ite  at  the  tips,  and  are 
directed  upwaids  and  backw^rrlb  from  the  sides  of  the 
iroulh  of  the  flower,  being  placed  near  the  lower  edge  of 


the  mouth,  that  is,  near  that  edge  of  the  mouth  which 
is  turned  away  from  the  stalk  of  the  flower,  and  which  is 
not  truncate  ;  the  lobes  are  also  longer,  and  covered 
with  clavate  hairs  two-thirds  of  the  way  down,  whilst 
in  A.  eriantha  these  hairs  are  quite  confined  to  the 
tips  ;  lastly  the  Sowers  and  pedicels  of  A.  eriantha 
are  far  more  hairy  and  of  a  different  colour. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  new  species  : 
—Stem  climbing,  terete,  clothed  with  long  horizon- 
tally spreading  hairs;  petioles  \\  to  2^  inches  long, 
terete,  clothed  with  spreading  hairs  like  the  stem  ; 
blade  of  the  leaf  3— 4  inches  long,  4—5  inches  broad, 
orbicular  or  orbicular-reniform,  cordate  at  the  base, 
very  obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex,  margin  entire, 
bright  [yellowish.  Ed]  green  above,  paler  beneath, 
covered  with  short  rather  stiff  hairs  on  both  surfaces, 
and  having  a  rather  disagreeable  odour.  Pedicels 
2^—3  inches  long,  and,  as  well  as  the  outside  of  the 
flower,  clothed  with  long  spreading  hairs,  but  not  at 
all  densely.  The  tube  of  the  flower  is  from  3^—44 
inches  in  length,  and  is  abruptly  bent  upon  itself 
below  the  middle  ;  the  basal  portion  is  much  inflated, 
and  ellipsoidal  in  form  ;  the  upper  portion  is  curved 
inwards,  a  little  compressed,  and  gradually  widens 
towards  the  mouth  ;  the  colour  of  the  tube  outside  is 
ditty-whitish,  with  reddish  or  purplish>brown  veins, 
the  basal  inflated  part  being  rather  paler  than  the 
rest  ;  inside  it  is  whitish  with  the  purpte-brown  veins 
showing  through,  and  is  covered  throughout  with 
white  hairs.  The  limb  is  shortly  revolute  and 
entire  on  the  upper  half  of  the  mouth,  but  on 
the  sides  of  the  lower  half,  that  i?,  the  part  turned 
away  from  the  pedicel  of  the  flower,  and  which 
by  the  curvature  of  the  tube  in  the  position  in  which 
the  flower  hangs  becomes  the  upper  half,  the  limb  is 
prolonged  into  two  ascending  and  backward  ly  directed, 
linear-oblong  obtuse  lobes,  with  strongly  revolute 
margins,  diverging  from  each  other  at  an  obtuse 
angle.  The  entire  limb  is  of  a  tawny  colour,  closely 
covered  with  dendritic  dark  brown-purple  markings; 
on  a  cream-coloured  ground  ;  the  lobes  for  about 
three-fourths  of  their  length  are  sparsely  covered  with 
clava?e  dark  purple-brown  hairs.  The  gynostegium 
slightly  clavate.  and  has  six  stigmas. 

Introduced  from  Brazil  by  M-.  W.  Bull.  N,  E, 
BrowHy  Herbarium^  Kcw. 

Cattleya  (labiata)  ckocata,  Rchb.  f. 

This  curious  plaht  appears  to  be  very  near  the 
Eldorado  group,  though  the  fine  white  flowers  are 
larger,  and  the  lip  is  most  distinctly  four-lobed.  A 
deep  orange  line  runs  from  the  base  of  the  lip  to  its 
anterior  disk,  where  it  expands  into  a  pentagonal 
blotch,  with  teeth  in  front.  The  column,  white,  with 
some  green  at  the  base,  is  nearly  that  of  C.  Eldorado. 
It  might  be  compared  to  a  small  Cattleya  Wagneri. 

This  plant  has  come  under  my  notice  three 
times.  First  I  had  it  from  the  late  Wallis,  who 
said  it  was  one  of  the  rarest  Orchids  he  knew 
of.  Then  Mr.  F,  Sander  sent  me  a  dried 
flowet,  which  he,  alas !  waLted  me  to  send  him 
back.  Finally,  I  was  exceedingly  pleased  to 
receive  it  from  the  collection  of  Mr.  Edwin  G. 
Wrigley,  once  my  very  diligent  correspondent,  from 
Howick  House,  Preston,  Lancashire,  in  the  very 
finest  condition,  and  far  better  developed  than  the 
dried  flowers  I  bad  seen  before.  It  is,  indeed,  very 
like  Cattleya  E.  Waliisii,  but  this  has  sulphur-yellow 
arranged  in  another  manner.  I  was  once  surprised 
by  Mr.  E.  Wrigley  with  an  inflorescence  of  Phalae- 
nopsis  Esmeralda,  boasting  such  a  glorious  colour  as 
I  had  never  seen  before.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f.  [It  is  neces- 
sary to  say  that  this  note  was  sent  to  Mr.  Wrigley  in 
April,  18S3.  but  it  has  not  been  previously  pub- 
lished. Ea] 

Rhopal\  (SPEC  ).  —  Mr.  Thisclton  Dyer,  the 
Director  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  at  Kew,  remarks 
upon  this  tree  ai  follows  : — "  The  Rhopala  is  a  small 
contorted  tree,  growing  to  about  20  feet  in  height.  It 
is  remarkable  for  being  absolutely  indestructible  by 
hre  in  large  districts  where  the  dry  pastures  and  bush 
are  burnt  twice  a  year.  Its  resistance  to  fire  enables 
it  to  exist  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  trees  and 
bushes  as  a  perfect  natural  plantation.  The  period- 
ical burning  destroys  everything  except  this  tree. 
The  resemblance  to  a  plantation  is  moreover  enhanced 
by  the  circumstance  that  the  trees  never  form  thickets, 
and  they  are  thickly  and  almost  systematically  dis- 
persed over  the  land.  The  tree  delights  in  the  most 
sterile  soils,  but  always  of  a  stony  or  shingly  cha- 
racter. Sometimes  it  grows  in  places  so  barren  that 
even  grass  cannot  exist.  This  suggests  the  idea  that 
it  miy  be  turned  to  ^Qcount  in  sterile  districts  within 
the  tropics." 


^r(I(td  ]]ot£»  aitd  |lfamn08. 


MILTONIA  PEETERSIANA  CONCOLOR,  «ro.  var. 
Mr.  W.  Bull  has  been  so  very  kind  as  to  send  me 
the  whole  inflorescence  of  the  plant  I  alluded  to  in  my 
report  about  that  novelty  (p.  326).  It  is  remarkably 
distinct  from  the  original  inasmuch  as  the  sepals  and 
petals  are  not  quite  so  dark.  The  lip,  beautiful  as  it 
is,  has  not  those  dark  eye  blotches  bordered  with 
white  margins.  H.  G.  Rchb.    . 

Odontoglossum  aspersum. 
A  supposed  hybrid  between  O.  maculatum  and  O. 
Rossi.  It  is  very  free  flowering,  with  lanceolate 
sepals,  creamy-white  blotched  with  brown,  white 
petals,  lip  also  white  with  a  yellow  callus,  column 
purplish-rose.  The  plant  does  well  near  the  glass  ia 
a  cool  house.     Orchid  Alburn^  t.  245, 

Cattleya  Mossi^. 
In  the  Orchid  Album,  at  t.  246,  is  figured  what  is 
taken  for  the  typical  C.  Mossise,  some  of  the  magni- 
flcent  varieties  will,  we  are  promised,  be  figured  later 
on.  The  most  important  points  in  their  culture,  says 
Mr.  Williams,  are  to  give  the  plants  a  good  season 
of  growth  after  their  flowering  is  over,  and  when  their 
growth  is  completed  to  give  them  rest  until  they 
begin  to  show  flowers,  then  they  require  a  little  help 
with  moisture  at  the  roots.  They  should  not  be 
allowed  to  get  too  dry  during  the  resting  period  ;  the 
bulbs  and  leaves  must  be  always  kept  plump  and  in 
vigorous  health. 

Reichenbachia. 

The  plants  figured  in  the  last  part  of  this  sumptuous 
periodical  published  by  Messrs.  Sander,  of  St.  Albans, 
are — 

Cattleya  Dcwiana,  var.  aurea,  t.  5. — C.  Dowi- 
ana,  the  type,  was  discovered  in  1850  by  Warscewicz 
in  Costa  Rica,  the  variety  aurea  was  found  by  Wallis 
in  Antioquia,  Columbia,  a  thousand  miles  to  the  south. 
Nevertheless  the  two  are  obviously  forms  of  one 
species.  C.  Dowiana  has  a  shorter  and  darker  bulb 
than  C.  Dowiana  aurea  in  which  latter  the  flower 
segments  are  entirely  yellow  not  splashed  with  crim- 
son. Both  forms  should  be  grown  in  baskets  half 
filled  with  drainage  material.  The  soil  should  consist 
of  fibrous  peat  and  sphagnum  mixed  with  charcoal 
and  potsherds.  They  should  be  shaded  from  strong 
direct  sunlight,  and  great  care  bestowed  in  watering, 
little  being  given  in  the  resting  period,  August  to 
February.  They  then  begin  to  form  new  growths 
and  require  a  few  more  degrees  of  heat  and  a  moister 
atmosphere.  From  February  to  April  the  night 
temperature  should  range  from  60"  to  65°  Fahrenheit. 
After  April  the  growths  will  be  maturing,  and  during 
the  three  following  monlhs  thin  shading  will  be  neces- 
sary on  bright  days.  Water  should  then  be  gradually 
withheld.     The  best  time  to  pot  or  basket  is  January. 

Cola-gynt  crislata  maxima,  t.  6. — The  largest 
flowered  variety  of  this  lovely  species,  originally 
described  by  Lindley,  and  exhibited  in  1841  for  the 
first  time  at  the  rooms  of  the  Horticultural  Society 
in  Regent  Street.  Other  varieties  mentioned  are, 
viz.  :  — Lemoniana,  alias  citrina,  in  which  the  lip  is 
pale-yellow ;  hololeuca,  pure  while  ;  maxima,  the 
form  here  figured  ;  the  Chatsworlh  variety  and  the 
Trentham  variety  differing  from  the  type  principally 
in  size.  The  species  is  a  native  of  Nepal  and 
Sikkim,  growing  in  a  cool  climate  but  fully  exposed 
to  the  sun.  Mr.  Sander  recommends  that  it  should 
be  grown  in  a  cool-house  except  when  in  flower,  when 
a  higher  temperature  is  desirable.  Pots  or  pans  (not 
baskets)  are  recommended  for  its  culture,  in  order  to 
secure  sufficient  moisture.  When  the  bulbs  become 
too  crowded  they  should  be  thinned  out.  Potting 
should  be  done  after  the  flowering  season.  Flowering 
season,  December  to  March. 

Odonttiglossum  Insleayi  sphndens  t.  7 — The  variety 
is  a  native  of  the  mountains  of  Western  Mexico,  the 
essential  conditions  for  its  culture  being  abundance  o( 
light  and  sunheat,  and  a  distinct  resting  period.  It 
should  be  kept  quite  dry  from  the  time  it  flowers  in 
autumn,  until  Miy,  and  at  a  temperature  ranging 
from  50'  Fahr.  to  a  maximum  of  65'  Fahr.  In  May 
the  plant  will  begin  to  grow,  when  it  should  have 
abundant  supplies  of  water  and  all  the  sunlight  that 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


361 


can  be  given,  so  much  so,  that  during  summer  no 
shading  is  required.  It  may  be  grown  either  in  pots 
or  baskets. 

Lxlia  Euspatha,  t.  8.  —  In  growth  the  plant 
resembles  L.  purpurata,  but  the  form  of  the  flower  is 
more  like  that  of  L.  elegans,  while  in  colour  it  differs 
from  both.  It  should  be  grown,  says  Mr.  Sander, 
under  the  same  conditions  as  L.  purpurata.  Pot 
culture  suits  it  best,  and  the  plant  must  be  potted 
high,  the  pot  being  nearly  filled  with  crocks  and 
charcoal.  It  should  never  be  allowed  to  become  dry, 
hut  requires  most  water  in  the  growing  period,  abun- 


placed  the  pots  containing  the  plants  near  the  glass  in 
a  low  span- roofed  house  ;  the  temperature  is  rather 
lower  than  the  Cattleya-house,  but  higher  than  is 
usually  given  to  cool  Orchids.  The  plants  are  rooting 
well  over  the  rims  of  the  pots,  and  are  throwing  up 
strong  flower-spikes.  There  are  now  so  many 
Mexican  Orchids  requiring  similar  treatment  to  these 
Barkerias  that  it  would  be  easy  to  fill  a  good-siied 
house  with  interesting  and  showy  species  and  varieties, 
such  as  Lselia  anceps.  L.  autumnatis,  L.  majalis,  L. 
purpurata,  &c.  They  scarcely  require  any  shade, 
but  demand  plenty  o(  light  and  heat  by  day,  with  a 
quite  cool   night  temperature.     The  lovely  Barkeria 


» 


Fig.  73.— aristolochia  ridicula.    flowers  cream-coloured,  with  dull  porplish-brown 
reticulation.    (see  p.  360.) 


dance  of  light  and  a  temperature  which  should  not 
fall  below  60*  Fahr. 

The  plates  in  this  number  are  of  even  superior 
artistic  merit  to  those  in  the  former  part,  the  bota- 
nical details,  including  the  woodcut  analyses  of  the 
flower,  are  by  Prof.  Reichenbach,  while  the  cultural 
directions  emanate  from  Mr.  Sander.  This  statement 
is  alone  sufficient  to  guarantee  the  value  of  this  superb 
publication. 

Barkeria  elegans. 

In  the  garden  of  Walter  Cobb,  Esq.,  Silverdale 
Lodge,  Sydenham,  this  handsome  speciet  is  making 
most  vigorous  development,  and  promises  a  fine 
display  about  Christmastide.  Mr.  Catt  seems  to 
havt  hit  upon  the  right  treatment  for  them  ;  he  has 


spectabills  is  seldom  seen  in  such  great  beauty  as  it 
used  to  be  some  thirty  years  ago.  We  now  know 
the  treatment  these  plants  require,  and  when  they 
receive  it  we  do  not  find  any  difficulty  in  keeping 
them  up  to  the  flowering  point. 

The  true  Lslia  elegans  alba  is  also  flowering  freely 
in  Mr.  Cobb's  garden  ;  it  is  a  lovely  variety  of  the 
species  which  should  be  grown  in  every  collection. 
The  recent  large  importations  of  Lselia  elegans  have 
produced  some  very  fine  varieties,  and  amongst  them 
a  good  sprinkling  of  the  variety  alba.  The  sepals  and 
petals  are  of  the  purest  white,  lip  rich  crimson-purple. 
The  true  L.  elegans  Wolstenholmia  and  the  variety 
Turneri  are  scarce.  I  am  not  aware  that  either  of 
these  have  been  recently  imported.  Mr.  Williams,  in 
his  Orchid  Grcrdiers  Manual,  describes  six  forms 
besides  the  normal  species,  but   makes  Turneri  a  dis- 


tinct species.  Mr.  Sander  told  me  that  the  habitat  of 
L.  elegans  has  been  well  searched,  and  nearly  .-ill  the 
large  specimens  have  been  sent  over.  Certainly 
never  were  such  large  specimens  seen  in  England  as 
there  are  now  in  various  nurseries  and  private  gardens. 
J.D. 


CULTURAL    BOTANY. 

[The  following  observations  by  Professor  Bessey 
were  addressed  to  agriculturists,  but  they  apply  even 
more  forcibly  to  gardening.  Ed.]  : — 

Permit  me  now  to  discuss  directly  the  question, 
"  What  are  the  demands  made  by  agriculture  upon 
the  science  of  botany  ?  " 

Nomenclature  and  Classification. 

It  demands  of  it  a  nomenclature  and  a  classification 
of  the  plants  of  the  farm,  including  not  only  the  culti- 
vated plants,  but  all  those  which,  in  one  way  or 
another,  are  of  interest  to  the  cultivator.  I  say  it 
demands  such  a  nomenclature  and  classification,  but 
how  far  is  this  demand  honoured  ?  How  much  does 
ordinary  botany  do  in  furnishing  nomenclature  and 
classification  for  Wheat,  Oats,  and  Indian  Corn  ;  for 
Apples,  Pears,  Peaches,  and  Cherries ;  for  our  Roses, 
Geraniums,  and  Verbenas, — in  fact,  for  all  the  plants 
which  have  run  into  many  varieties  ?  What  the 
student  learns  as  to  a  specimen  of  Wheat,  for  ex- 
ample, is  that  its  name  is  Triticum  vulgare,  and  that 
it  is  a  member  of  the  order  Gramineje.  In  the 
proper  botany  of  the  schools  there  is  absolutely 
nothing  further  furnished  as  to  nomenclature,  and 
little  more  as  to  classification.  It  is  the  same  with 
Indian  Corn.  The  student  may  have  in  hand  Pop- 
corn, Sweet-corn,  Flint-corn,  Dent-corn,  and  even 
Husk-corn,  and  yet  the  science  of  botany  gives  him 
but  one  name— each  one  is  ticketed  "  Zea  mays,  of 
the  order  Gramineje.  So  it  is  with  every  other  culti- 
vated plant. 

Now,  I  ask,  is  this  an  adequate  nomenclature  ?  Is 
it,  in  fact,  worth  our  while  to  study  botany  if  this  is 
all  it  can  do  for  agriculture  ?  I  put  my  query  in  this 
form  because  some  people  still  hold  that  the  supplying 
of  a  nomenclature  and  classification  is  the  great  pur- 
pose of  botanical  study  in  so  far  as  it  is  related  to 
agriculture. 

I  hold  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  botanists  to  furnish 
a  classification  and  a  nomenclature  to  agriculture, 
and  I  look  with  great  interest  upon  the  efforts  which 
have  been  made  by  botanists  here  and  there  to 
classify  and  name  the  varieties  of  some  of  the  culti- 
vated plants.  The  attempt  by  Professor  Beal  to 
classify  the  Apples  by  taking  into  account  the  floral 
characters,  and  the  later  attempt  by  Dr.  Sturtevant 
to  work  out  a  classification  of  Indian  Corn,  are  efforts 
in  the  right  direction.  It  is  said  by  some  that  the 
consideration  of  cultivated  plants  lies  outside  of  the 
domain  of  botany.  But,  if  botany  is  the  science  of 
plants,  how  can  a  plant  ever,  by  any  amount  of  varia- 
tion, pass  beyond  its  domain  ?  Who  shall  say  that 
science  must  stop  at  this  or  that  line  ?  Can  the 
mere  accident  of  modification  through  cultivation 
take  a  plant  out  of  the  botanist's  jurisdiction,  when 
modification  through  what  we  term  natural  agencies 
does  not  ?  All  plants,  in  all  states  and  under  all  con- 
ditions, should  legitimately  be  included  within  the 
domain  of  botany. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

Agriculture  demands  of  botany  a  knowledge  of  the 
physiology  of  the  plants  of  the  farm.  It  demands, 
first  of  all,  that  science  shall  throw  light  upon  the 
processes  of  growth  and  nutrition.  Every  question 
concerned  with  the  taking  of  food  by  the  plant,  the 
method  of  using  it,  its  effect  upon  the  stem,  leaf,  and 
fruit,  must  be  answered  by  botany,  if  it  is  to  com- 
mand the  respect  of  the  practical  men  of  the  agricul- 
tural world.  A  great  part  of  the  success  of  the  agri- 
culturist is  dependent  upon  the  perfect  growth  and 
nutrition  of  the  plants  he  cultivates.  And  his  success 
is  greater  the  more  closely  he  is  enabled  to  bring 
about  and  maintain  those  conditions  which  are  most 
favourable  to  such  growth  and  nutrition.  But  how 
can  he  intelligently  work  for  these  conditions  if  he 
does  not  know  them  ?  And  how  can  he  know  them 
if  the  very  science  which  professes  to  include  the 
study  of  all  plants  can  give  him  no  aid  ? 

Any  presentation  of  botany  which  leaves  out  a  full 
discussion  of  the  growth  and  nutrition  of  plants,  in  so 
tar  fails  of  being  useful  to  the  agriculturist. 


362 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[Septemuer  i8,  i886. 


Then  there  is  the  whole  subject  of  reproduction, 
which  is  of  great  importance  and  value  to  the  agricul- 
turist in  these  days  when  our  agricultural  literature  is 
filled  with  discussions  upon  fertilisation,  cross-breed- 
ing, heredity,  &c.  Botany  must  present  these  topics 
with  as  much  of  clearness  as  possible.  Every  full 
course  of  study  in  botany  should  include  a  particular 
discussion  of  the  mechanism  of  fertilisation  in  its 
widest  sense.  Modern  agriculture  demands  satis- 
factory answers  to  the  questions, — How  are  the  culti- 
vated plants  naturally  fertilised  ?  How  can  their 
fertilisation  be  controlled  ?  How  can  cross-fertilisa- 
tion be  effected  ?  What  are  the  laws  of  hybridisa- 
tion? In  how  many  instances  can  the  teacher  of 
botany  give  a  reply  to  these  queries  ?  I  fear  that 
the  agriculturist  in  quest  of  knowledge  upon  these 
botanical  points  will  have  to  turn  sadly  away  from 
most  of  the  lecture-rooms  and  botanical  laboratories 
of  our  colleges. 

So,  too,  the  discussion  of  everything  pertaining  to 
the  germination  of  seeds  falls  properly  within  the 
domain  of  botany.  •  There  are  few  things  more  im- 
portant than  that  of  germination  ;  but,  excepting  a 
short  and  summary  discussion — and  withal  a  very 
general  one  —  but  little  attention  is  given  to  the  sub- 
ject in  ordinary  courses  of  study  in  colleges. 

List  under  this  head  I  would  call  attention  to  the 
need  of  a  study  and  discussion  of  the  physiology  of 
the  cultivation  and  improvement  of  plants.  What  is 
it  that  takes  place  in  the  structure  of  a  plant  when  we 
bring  it  under  cultivation  ?  What  are  the  differences 
between  a  wild  plant  and  the  same  plant  under 
domestication?  How  do  the  changes  due  to  cultiva- 
tion arise  ?  What  laws  control  these  changes  ?  Is 
there  a  limit  to  these  changes  ?  These  are  a  few  of 
the  questions  which  agriculture  is  asking  of  botany, 
but  which,  alas !  are  not  as  yet  satisfactorily  an- 
swered. 

Vegetable  Pathology. 

In  the  third  place,  agriculture  demands  of  botany  a 
knowledge  of  the  pathology  of  vegetation.  It  is  not 
enough  that  the  normal  action  of  all  parts  of  the 
plant  should  be  understood  ;  the  abnormal  and  dis- 
eased actions  must  also  be  considered.  Unfortunately 
the  world  is  full  of  accidents,  of  noisome  gases,  of 
poisonous  liquids,  of  freezing  or  scorching  tempera- 
tures, of  harmful  insects,  and  of  destructive  fungi. 
The  plant  which  is  more  or  less  affected  by  one  or  all 
of  these  is  not  the  normal  plant  of  the  vegetable  phy- 
liologist.  The  vegetable  pathologist  must  build  his 
science  upon  that  of  his  fellow-worker  in  vegetable 
physiology,  and  the  results  of  the  labour  of  both  must 
be  laid  before  modern  agriculture  for  its  use.  That 
botany  which  hopes  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  the 
advanced  agriculturist  of  to-day  must  include  a  know- 
ledge of  pathology.  Charles  E.  Bessey,  in  the  "  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Agriiii!- 
hira!  Science." 


fJoLONlAI-      ]N(0TE3. 


AN  AUSTRALIAN  BEAUTY  SPOT. 
LiivE  Mr.  G.  A,  Sala  and  other  visitors  to  the 
nietrnpolis  of  New  South  Wales,  Dr.  Taylor,  Editor 
of  Science  Gossip,  seems  to  have  become  quite  en- 
amoured of  the  Sydney  Botanical  Gardens,  so  Icng 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Charles  Moore,  the  brother 
of  the  late  Dr.  Moore,  of  Glasnevin.  He  says 
— "  There  are  many  trees  of  special  note  growing  in 
the  grounds,  the  principal  of  which,  perhaps  is  a 
vnignificent  Norfolk  Lland  Pine  (.\raucaria  excelsa) 
•  —a  tree  very  abundant  in  the  larger  gardens  and 
ihrubberies  of  nearly  all  Australian  towns.  There  are 
ulso  fine  specimens  of  the  well-known  Australian  Pro- 
teaceous  plant,  Grevillea  robusta— perhaps  the  largest 
tnd  most  attractive  of  this  singular  order.  Merytas, 
with  their  broad  and  showy  filiage,  the  Maidenhair- 
leaved  Silisburia  from  Japan  (i  coniferous  tree, 
which  has  been  in  existence  ever  since  the  carboni- 
ferous period),  the  singular  Mauritian  Palm,  the 
Dloodwnod  of  Norfolk  Island  (Baloghia  lucida),  the 
Osage-Orange  of  America  (Madura  aurantiaca),  the 
Moretown  Bay  Chestnut  {Cistanospermum  aus- 
Irale),  with  its  deep  green  foliage  aad  bright 
kcarlet  flowers,  the  Tulip-woods  of  Eastern  Aus- 
tralia (HarpuUia  pendula),  the  Randia  macrophylla 
from  Lord  Howe  Island,  besides  Bananas,  Bam- 
boos, multitudes  of  species  of  Palms,  New  Zealand, 
Cabbage-trees,  Dnmbeyas,  Pterospermums,  Nephe- 
Hums  from  China,  Eiceocarpus  from  India,  Brexias  from 
Madagascar,  Lactarias  from  the  Queensland  bush, 
sacred  and  other  Fig-trees  from  India,  Sciadophyllums 
from  New  Guinea,  Botryodendon  from  Norfolk 
Itland,  Cycads  and  Zimias,  Strelitzias  from  the  Cape, 
a  vast  number  of  species  of  Pines,  Erythrinas,  from 
the   West   Indies   (just   bursting  into  their  singular 


scarlet  blossom),  and  many  others  too  numerous  but 
not  too  unimportant  to  mention  unless  in  a  botanical 
inventory — make  up  the  diversified  and  wonderfully 
combined  arboreal  foliage  with  which  the  diversified 
surface  of  these  beautiful  gardens  is  clothed.  Floral 
parterres  and  patches  are  gay  with  Oowers,  whose 
manifold  colours  offer  a  rich  feast  to  the  eye.  The 
rocks  and  rocky  places  are  covered  with  the  grotesque 
forms  of  Cactuses  and  Aloes.  Climbing  plants  from 
all  parts  of  the  world  have  been  trained  to  clamber 
up  and  festoon  trees  and  shrubs  of  a  less  conspicuous 
character.  All  that  botanical  and  horticultural  art 
and  skill  can  do,  combined  with  perhaps  the  most 
picturesque  situation  in  the  world  and  a  most  delight- 
ful climate,  have  made  the  Sydney  gardens  a  place 
worth  coming  to  the  antipodes  to  see." 


HEDGES,  USEFUL  AND   ORNA- 
MENTAL. 

Many  species  of  plants  have  from  time  to  time 
been  recommended  for  the  purpose  of  forming  hedges, 
and  some  species  have  been  mentioned  which  will 
hardly  be  found  to  be  suitable  for  the  object  in  view, 
such  as  the  Hazel,  the  Willow,  and  even  the  common 
Elder — all  rapidly  growing  plants  it  is  true,  but  not 
adapted  to  the  purpose.  Really  suitable  plants  for 
this  purpose,  although  not  numerous,  are  yet  suffi- 
ciently so  to  furnish  a  choice  of  material.  Hedges 
may  be  divided  into  two  sections,  viz.,  the  really 
useful  hedge  or  fence,  which  will  act  as  a  protection 
to  fields  or  enclosures  against  the  inroads  of  stock  of 
all  kinds,  and  also  the  least  likely  to  be  injured  by 
ground  game,  while  ornamental  hedges  or  screens 
may  be  formed  of  various  species,  chiefly  evergreen, 
which  may  not  possess  the  strength  required  in  a 
field  hedge. 

The  Quick. 

For  a  really  useful  fence  the  Whitethorn  must  be 
admitted  to  be  the  most  widely  distributed  and 
universally  adopted  plant  for  this  purpose,  and 
is  far  from  being  destitute  of  beauty  ;  taken  alto- 
gether, there  is  possibly  only  one  species  which 
can  be  recommended  in  preference  to  it,  and 
that  is  the  common  Holly.  But  as  regards  the 
Whitethorn  (Crataegus  oxyacatha)  it  very  speedily 
forms  an  effective  fence,  and  is  a  plant  which  readily 
submits  to  harsh  treatment  ;  indeed,  the  usual  method 
of  planting  the  Whitethorn  in  the  form  of  a  hedge  is 
certainly  open  to  considerable  objections,  viz  ,  the 
chopping  olT  the  tops  of  the  plants  and  the  planting 
of  the  roots  upon  the  side  of  a  dry  sloping  bank, 
formed  by  the  throwing  out  of  a  ditch  or  dike,  in  front 
of  the  hedge  about  to  be  planted. 

The  throwing  up  of  the  excavated  soil,  however,  is 
an  advantage  rather  than  otherwise,  as  tending  to 
give  increased  depth  of  soil  ;  and  the  formation  of  a 
ditch  acts  to  some  extent  as  a  protection  to  the  young 
plants,  on  one  side  at  least.  But  instead  of  planting 
the  denuJed  roots  of  the  "Quicks,"  as  they  are 
termed,  on  the  sloping  face  of  the  bank  they 
should  in  their  entirety  be  planted  on  the 
levelled  surface  of  the  soil,  deferring  the  head- 
ing down  of  the  plants  until  the  spring  of  the  second 
season.  Where  this  plan  is  followed  an  efficient 
fence  will  generally  be  secured  in  a  much  shorter  lime 
than  will  be  the  case  when  the  operation  of  planting 
as  first  described  is  practised.  Bat  whatever  method 
of  planting  is  followed  protection  against  game  and 
stock  should  be  given  for  the  first  two  or  three  years, 
after  that  the  plants  will  usually  not  require  it. 
The  Holly. 

The  plant  next  in  importance  as  a  hedge  plant  is 
the  common  Holly,  and  it  may  hardly  be  justifiable  to 
place  this  plant  as  second  to  the  Whitethorn,  which  pos- 
sesses only  one  advantage  over  the  Holly,  viz  ,  that  of 
being  cheaper.  But  in  many  respects  the  Holly  sur- 
passes the  Whitethorn  as  a  hedge  plant.  It  has  the 
advantage  of  being  evergreen.  And  if  healthy  p'aats 
of  fair  dimension  are  used  for  the  purpose,  say,  not 
less  than  3  feet  high,  the  Holly  will  form  a  fence 
quite  as  soon  as  the  Whitethorn,  and  will  be 
equally  effective  and  enduring.  It  also  affjrds  an 
admirable  shelter  to  stock  in  winter,  or  at  a  time  when 
the  Whitethorn  fdils  to  do  so,  and  were  Holly 
hedges  to  some  extent  substituted  for  those  of  the 
Whitethorn,  the  aspect  of  the  landscape  would  with- 
out doubt  be  improved,  more  particularly  during 
winter,  and  at  all  seasons  a  well-formed  Holly  hedge 
is  an  object  of  great  beauty. 

Hedges,  whether  composed  of  the  Holly  or  the 
Whitethorn,  or   other  species  of  plant,  are  often  in- 


jured by  forest  trees  being  planted  in  them,  and 
which,  as  soon  as  they  attain  to  considerable  dimen- 
sions, render  a  portion  of  the  hedge  on  each  side  of 
them  weak  and  ineffective,  while  the  shade  thrown 
by  the  crnwn,  as  well  as  the  action  of  their  roots, 
tend  to  injure  the  crops  in  their  vicinity,  so  that  it  is 
quite  possible  that  the  practice  of  planting  large 
growing  trees  in  hedgerows  might  with  advantage 
be  discontinued,  at  least  on  arable  land.  The 
advocates  of  this  practice  argue  that  such  trees,  in  the 
course  of  time  become  valuable  as  timber,  and 
grow  into  money;  on  the  other  hand,  it  may  be 
questioned  if  this  value  is  not  more  than  covered  by 
the  injury  they  have  inflicted  during  many  years  upon 
corn  and  other  crops.  A  writer  in  a  contem- 
porary recommended  the  planting  of  Pear  trees  in 
hedgerows,  but  the  value  of  fruit  in  this  country  is  not 
now  such  as  to  warrant  the  employment  of  the  Pear 
as  a  hedgerow  tree,  and  for  various  obvious  reasons 
this  recommendation  is  unlikely  to  be  extensively 
followed. 

It  has  been  said  that  hedgerow  trees  tend  to  give 
beauty  and  effect  to  the  landscape  ;  but  it  may  be 
doubted,  if  trees,  however  ornamental  they  may 
be,  when  necessarily  planted  in  stiff  and  straight 
lines,  add  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  landscape  ; 
while  this  desideratum,  as  well  as  the  desired  shelter 
to  stock,  might  be  belter  secured  by  the  planting  of  a 
few  suitable  trees  in  clumps  in  the  corners,  or  at  the 
junction  of  three  or  four  fields,  as  well  as  in  the  case 
of  large  enclosures  in  groups  or  clumps  in  suitable 
situations,  so  as  to  secure  shelter,  as  well  as  with  the 
view  of  producing  desired  effects — effects  in  the  land- 
scape. 

Scotch  Pine  and  Spruce. 

In  some  parts  of  the  Eastern  Counties  of  England, 
where  the  soil  is  of  an  exceedingly  light  character,  it 
is  found  that  the  Whitethorn  can  hardly  be  induced 
to  form  a  fence,  and  in  many  instances  the  common 
Scotch  Fir  (Pinus  sylvestris)  has  been  largely  used  for 
this  purpose,  and  is  found  to  answer  the  purpose 
tolerably  well  for  a  time,  when  it  mostly  loses  its 
lower  branches,  and  becomes  unserviceable  as  a 
fence  ;  while  the  common  Spruce,  where  it  has  been 
tried,  is  found  to  succeed  very  much  better  than  the 
Scotch  Fir;  it  submits  better  to  the  operation  of 
clipping  or  trimming  ;  in  fact,  this  operation  appears 
to  assist  the  plants  in  retaining  their  lower  branches 
and  foliage,  and  forms  a  by  no  means  despicable  ever- 
green fence. 

Beech. 

The  common  Beech  (Fagus  sylvatica)  forms  also  an 
excellent  fence  ;  the  plants  when  grown  in  this  form 
have  the  valuable  property  of  retaining  their  withered 
leaves  throughout  the  winter  and  early  spring,  or 
until  they  are  displaced  by  the  new,  so  that  a  high 
Beech  hedge— and  this  may  be  grown  to  any  desired 
height— is  of  very  great  value  as  a  shelter  during 
winter  to  comparatively  tender  plants,  as  well  as  to 
live  stock  in  the  fields,  but  is  not  taken  advantage  of 
for  the  latter  purpose  so  frequently  as  might  be  the  case. 
The  young  wood  of  the  Beech  is  liable  during  the 
summer  to  the  attacks  of  a  species  of  aphis  peculiar  to 
it,  and  this  is  a  very  great  drawback  to  its  merits  as 
a  hedge  plant.  It  is  said,  however,  that  the  purple- 
leaved  variety,  viz.,  Fagus  sylvatica  atro  rubens,  is 
found  to  be  exempt  from  this  pest,  and  if  so,  this 
renders  the  purple  variety  still  more  valuable  as  an 
ornamental  plant  for  hedges,  or  as  a  standard  tree. 

The  Furze. 
The  common  Furze,  although  indigenous  to  Great 
Britain,  is  nevertheless  far  from  being  hardy,  and  is 
not  infrequently  killed  to  the  surface  of  the  earth  in 
severe  winters.  In  some  parts  of  the  South  of  Eng- 
land, particularly  when  near  to  the  sea,  this  rarely 
takes  place,  and  the  Whin  forms  an  excellent  and 
enduring  evergreen  fence  which  can  be  cut  with 
impunity  into  any  desired  form. 

As  ha;  already  been  said,  the  Holly  proves  an 
inestimable  plant  in  the  formation  of  hedges  intended 
to  resist  farming  stock  of  all  kinds,  as  well  as  to  aff'ord 
shel-.er  to  the  same  during  inclement  weather.  It  also 
forms  a  most  ornamental  hedge,  or  screen,  to  separate 
or  to  conceal  certain  portions  of  pleasure  grounds, 
&c.,  from  others  where  this  may  be  desirable.  It 
also  submits  without  injury  to  clipping,  and  may 
be  trained  into  any  desired  form,  and  be  kept  as  a 
dwarf  hedge,  or  can  be  made  to  grow,  in  a  corn- 
paratively  short  time,  to  any  desired  height  ;  but  in 
cuiting  or  trimming  a  Holly  hedge  it  is  better  to  use 


Sei-temeer  iS,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


363 


the  knife  Ihan  the  hedge-shears,  as  the  latter  imple- 
ment muiilales  the  leaves,  and  for  a  time  disfigures 
the  hed^e. 

The  Yew. 

The  common  Ye*  is  the  plant  most  generally  used 
for  the  purpose  of  forming  ornamental  hedges  in 
gardens  and  pleasure  grounds,  and  no  more  suitable 
plant  for  this  purpose  can  possibly  be  found  ;  it  may 
be  cut  into  any  desired  form,  and  seldom  lo-es  its 
lower  branches,  or  becomes  thin  at  the  bottom,  as  is 
the  case  with  some  species  of  plants  when  forming 
hedges.  lis  development  cannot  be  said  to  be  very 
rapid,  but  when  a  Yew  hedge  is  establiihed  it  may 
almost  be  said  to  be  everlasting,  and  its  rich  dark 
shade  of  green  distinguishes  it  from  all  other  species 
of  plan's,  and  renders  it  exceedingly  suitable  for  the 
purpo<e  it  is  so  generally  used.  Among  seedlings  of 
this  plant  considerable  diversity  will  frequently  be 
found  in  their  habit  of  growth.  Some  plants  will  be 
found  to  be  of  spreading  habit,  while  others  will  be 
found  more  or  less  fastiglated,  or  approaching  the 
habit  of  the  Irish  variety,  Taxus  fastigiata  ;  hence  in 
selecting  plants  for  the  formation  of  a  hedge  it  is  desir- 
able that  they  should  to  some  extent  be  uniform  in 
their  growth  or  habit,  so  that  spreading  as  well  as 
fastigialed  plants  should  be  rejected.  The  Yew  in  all 
its  varieties  being  a  deadly  poison  to  stock  it  should 
never  be  planted  where  such  are  likely  to  gain  access 
to  it. 

Akbor  VlT.lL. 

Many  varieties  of  the  Arbor- vitae  ate  found  to  form 
exceedingly  beautiful  hedges  or  screens,  hardly  inferior 
to  the  Vew,  although  of  a  lighter  shade  of  colour, 
which  may  in  some  instances  be  desirable  rather  than 
otherwise,  while  such  plants  have  generally  the  advan- 
tage of  more  rapid  development.  Among  this  family 
of  plants  possibly  none  are  better  adapted  to  the 
purpose  than  Thuia  Lobbii  and  T.  plicata  Warreana 
var.,  which  soon  form  exceedingly  beautiful  hedges, 
which  can  be  cut  or  clipped  into  any  form  with  im- 
punity. Thuia  occidentalis  and  Thuiopsis  borealis 
need  not  be  despised  as  hedge  plants. 

Laurels. 
The  common  Laurel  (Cerasus  Lauro  Cerasus)  is  a 
native  of  the  Levant,  and  somewhat  tender,  andalthough 
frequently  used  for  the  purpose  of  forming  hedges, 
can  hardly  be  recommended,  as  it  seldom  escapes 
serious  injury  during  severe  winters.  The  Portugal 
Laurel  is  more  hardy,  and  altogether  better  suited  to 
the  purpose  of  forming  ornamental  hedges. 

Bo.x,  Sweet  Brier,  &c. 
The  Tree  Box  (Buxus  arborescens),  as  is  well 
known,  forms  very  pretty  hedges,  as  does  also  several 
distinct  species  or  varieties  of  the  Box,  such  as  B. 
rotundilolia,  &c.  The  Sweet  Brier  (Rosa  rubiginosa) 
forms  a  very  pretty  dwarf  hedge,  which,  on  account 
of  its  perfume,  is  generally  appreciated  ;  and  there 
are  also  many  of  our  hybrid  perpetual  and  other 
Roses  which  form  very  attractive  hedges.  The 
common  Privet  (Ligustrum  vulga  e)  and  L.  ovali- 
lolium  very  quickly  form  neat  and  pretty  hedges,  more 
particularly  the  latter,  on  account  of  its  finer  foliage  ; 
while  as  a  hedge  plant  in  close  proximity  to  the  sea, 
which  is  unfavourable  to  the  development  of  most 
species,  the  Tamarix  gallica  and  T.  germanica  are 
well  suited  for  this  purpose ;  both  species  are  ex- 
ceedingly beautiful.  For  the  purpose  of  producing 
an  immediate  effect,  or  to  conceal  an  unsightly  object, 
plants  o(  the  Lombardy  Poplar  (Populus  fastigiata) 
arranged  in  the  form  of  a  hedge  w>ll  speedily  effect 
the  desired  object,  until  the  same  can  be  accomplished 
by  an  evergreen  or  other  more  permanent  fence,  but 
which  requires  a  longer  time  to  attain  to  the  necessary 
dimensions. 

Hedges   may,    of  course,   be  trained   into  various 

forms,   but  possibly  the  best  form  for  a  Whitethorn 

bedg-e   is   that  of  the   hog's   mane,  that   is,  wide  at 

the  bottom,   tapering  towards  the   top.     Hedges  in 

gardens  and  pleasure-grounds  will  generally  present 

the  most  ornamenial  aspect  when  formed  in  what  may 

i         be  called  the  perpendicular  style,  or  in  the  form  of  a 

'         wall,  but  in  no  instance  should  hedges  be  allowed  to 

1  btccme  wider  at  ihe  top  than   at   the  bottom,  as  this 

\  invariably  tends  to  weaken   the  lower  portion  of  the 

i         hedge,  which  it  is  so  desirable  to  maintain  in  a  robust 

■■'         and   healthy   condition.      Early   autumn   is   without 

1]         doubt  the  best  season  in  which  to  clip  or  trim  hedges  ; 

if  this  cannot  then  be  accompUshed,   it  should    be 

deferred  until  spring,  but  on  no  account  should  an 

evergreen  hedge  be  cut  during  winter. 

Nothing  has  as  yet  been  said  respecting  soil,  but 
as  regards  all  the  plants  which  have  been  named  as 
suitable  for  the  formation  of  hedges,  it  may  be  said 
that  ihey  will  succeed  in  any  tolerably  good  soil,  and 
as  a  rule  it  may  even  be  said  the  better  the  soil  the 
more  saiislactory  will  be  the  progress  of  the  plants. 
But  where  the  natural  soil  is  decidedly  poor,  it  will 


in  all  cases  be  advisable  to  enrich  it  by  the  addition 
of  suitable  compost,  or  even  well  decomposed 
manure.  P.  G, 


^RUIT      ]\[0TE?. 

AMERICAN    PE.\CHES. 

My  experience  of  Alexander  from  the  inspection  of 
a  goodly  number  of  gardens,  agrees  with  Mr.  Douglas', 
namely,  that  it  is  perfectly  amenable  to  early  forcing. 
Exquisite  Mr.  Douglas  cites  as  a  variety  needing 
artificial  fertilisation  ;  this  also  corresponds  with  my 
experience  ;  for,  together  with  Raymacker's  and 
Prince  of  Wales,  the  blossoms  need  careful  going 
over  with  a  fine  brush,  or  else  the  yield  will  be  very 
scanty.  The  current  year  seems  to  be  a  very  good 
one  for  Peaches  out-of-doors.  The  following  are 
perhips  the  hardiest  varieties  :— Waterloo,  Hale's 
Early,  Eiily  Ascot,  Marquis  of  Downshire,  Dymond, 
Stirling  Castle,  Brrrington,  Sea  Eagle,  Teton  de 
Venus,  Frogmore  Golden,  Desse  Tardive,  Walburton 
Admirable.    Vagabond. 

Peach  Condor. 

I  find  this  a  most  useful  variety  to  follow  up  Hale's 
Early  in  the  early  Peach-house,  as  it  fills  up  a  blank 
between  that  variety  and  the  Royal  George.  I  have 
grown  it  several  years,  and  therefore  can  speak  highly 
of  its  good  qualities  for  forcing  and  as  a  free  setter. 
The  fiuit  is  of  large  size,  bright  crimson,  and  of  a 
piquant  and  rich  flavour.  Edward  Ward,  Hcwdl 
Gardens,  Broms^^rove. 

Peaches  Alexander  and  Amsden  Junk. 

Mr.  Douglas'  experience  with  these  varieties  tempts 
me  to  ask  if  he  will  kindly  stale  the  difference 
between  them.  I  have  young  trees  planted  on  a  wall 
that  have  fruited  for  the  past  two  seasons,  and  I  fail 
to  see  much  difference.  That  other  American  novelty, 
the  Waterloo,  ripens  a  few  days  earlier,  is  larger,  and 
equal  in  colour  and  flavour.  Alexander  and  Amsden 
I  have  no  experience  with  indoors,  but  a  young  tree 
of  Waterloo  planted  in  our  second  early  house  twelve 
months  ago  last  November  has  this  season  bortie  a 
crop  of  eighty-seven  handsome  fruits  much  larger 
than  I  expected.  The  tree  has  made  exceptionally 
good  wood,  so  that  I  have  every  reason  to  expect  an 
excellent  crop  next  year.  H,  Markhaiii,  Menworlh 
CaslU. 


HINTS   ON   ORCHID    CULTURE. 

An  interesting  paper  on  this  subject  was  read 
la'ely  by  Mr.  Wm.  Swan,  of  Howick,  Preston,  at  a 
meeting  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Preston  and 
Fulwood  Horticultural  Society. 

Mr.  Swan,  in  introducing  the  subject,  alluded  to 
Orchids  being  a  class  of  plants  that  invariably  gave 
pleasure  to  oil  who  had  the  privilege  of  gazing  upon 
them  when  gay  with  rich  and  showy  blossom  ;  after 
which  he  said  that  it  was  no  wonder  there  was  a 
desire  for  fuller  and  more  extended  acquaintance  with 
such  a  lovely  race  oi  plants.  The  strange  forms,  the 
singular  method  of  growth,  the  gorgeous  and  atliac- 
five  flowers,  the  sweet  and  fragrant  odour  of  so  many 
of  the  species,  all  combined  to  make  the  study  of 
Orchidaceous  plants  a  charming  and  fascinating  pur- 
suit. Proceeding,  he  dwelt  upon  their  culture  being 
formerly  confined  to  a  few  wealthy  patrons,  whilst  to- 
day, through  the  enterprise  of  leading  nurserymen, 
those  with  limited  means  were  able  to  purchase  and 
cultivate  them  ;  named  the  high  prices  that  had  been 
given  for  some  varieties,  and  spoke  of  the  foreign 
lands  in  which  they  had  been  found,  and  whence  they 
had  been  imported. 

Orchid  Houses. 

In  noticing  the  class  of  houses  in  which  the 
plants  should  be  grown  he  admitted  that  fine 
specimens  had  been  grown  for  years  in  lean-to 
houses  or  half-spans,  and  that  good  plants  had 
come  from  Pine  pits  ;  but  for  ail  practical  pur- 
poses, whether  East  Indian  plants,  Dendrobiums, 
Cattleyas,  or  Odonloglossums,  there  was  nothing  in 
his  judgment  to  compare  with  low  span-roofed  houses. 
Perhaps  in  some  situations  a  north  house  might  be 
preferred  for  the  Odontoglossums  ;  but  in  that  district 
the  amount  of  sunlight  a  house  so  situated  received 
during  November,  December,  January,  and  February, 
when  the  plants  were  making  growth,  was  so  small 
that  the  benefit  derived  was  lost  owing  to  the  reduced 
sunshine  and  lowered  temperature  during  summer. 
The  dimensions  of  the  house   would  necessarily  be 


regulated  by  the  number  of  plants  intended  to  be 
grown.  As  a  commencement,  a  house  50  feet  long 
by  iS  feet  wide,  10  feet  high  in  the  centre,  with  a 
middle  stage  6  feet  wide,  side  tables  3  feet  wide  sur- 
rounding it,  with  walks,  with  a  glass  division  in  the 
centre,  would  be  found  convenient  for  such  things  as 
Vandas,  Acrides,  Phalrenopsis,  Dendrobiums,  &c.,  in 
one  portion,  and  Cattleyas,  Lxlias,  Ccelogynes,  Epi- 
dendrums,  many  of  the  Oncidiums,  and  others 
requiring  a  lower  temperature,  in  the  other.  A  span- 
roof  house  JO  feet  long,  lo  feet  wide,  7  feet  high  to 
the  ridge,  with  side  tables  3  feet  6  inches  wide,  and  a 
path  up  the  middle,  would  be  very  serviceable  for 
such  cool  species  as  Odontoglossum  Alexandra,  O. 
Pescatorei,  O.  triumphans  Hallii,  Oncidium  ser- 
ratum,  O.  macranthum,  0.  .l'>nulutn,  most  of 
the  Masdevallias  and  Restrepias,  as  well  as 
the  beautiful  Dandrobium  Jamesianum  and  Dlsa 
grandiflora.  The  stages  should  not  be  open 
lattice  wood  work,  for  plants  standing  upon  such  stages 
were  directly  over  the  hot-water  pipes,  and  so  when 
fireheat  was  necessary  the  air  about  the  plants  was 
of  a  dry  and  ungenial  nature,  injurious  to  the  plants  so 
far  as  growth  was  concerned.  These  conditions  were 
also  most  congenial  to  the  development  of  insect  life. 
He  advocated  that  stages  be  covered  with  plain 
roofing  slates,  with  an  edging  along  the  front  and 
back  about  2  inches  high,  upon  which  should  be 
spread  about  I^  inch  of  cinder,  sifted  or  washed,  so 
that  all  the  fine  dust  was  separated,  or  ordinary 
furnace  coke  broken  small.  The  latter  was  excellent, 
as  it  held  considerable  moisture  when  watered,  and 
took  a  long  time  to  become  covered  with  green 
mossy  conferva  that  was  so  unpleasant  to  see  in 
their  heated  structures.  It  also  formed  a  better  under- 
surface  to  the  plants  than  the  dazzling  while  spar  so 
often  used.  He  considered  the  spar  very  objection- 
able in  stoves  ;  it  retained  little  water,  and  plants 
always  presented  a  more  sickly  hue  when  on  a  white 
ground  than  one  of  a  darker  colour.  Again,  no 
white  soil  was  ever  met  with,  hence  it  was  against 
natural  conditions  and  the  well-being  of  the  plants. 
In  fixing  the  side  stages  a  space  of  a  inches 
should  be  allowed  between  the  back  and  the 
inside  of  the  wall,  so  as  to  leave  room  for  the 
free  circulation  of  the  air,  and  to  permit  the  heat 
from  the  pipes  to  be  distributed  more  equally  over  all 
the  house.  There  should  always  be  sufficient  hot 
water  pipes  in  the  houses  to  keep  the  divisions  at  the 
desired  temperatures  without  severely  driving  the 
fires,  and  they  should  be  6  inches  at  least  from  the 
floor.  The  heat  would  ascend  more  rapidly  because 
of  a  free  circulation  of  air  about  the  pipes,  and  Ihe 
moisture  under  the  stages  would  not  dry  up  so  quickly 
as  when  the  pipes  were  very  low.  It  was  wise  to 
have  roller-blinds  fixed  on  the  top  ridge  if  the  venti- 
lators would  permit,  or  if  not  then  just  below  the 
opening  Itghls.  Thin  tiffany  or  a  li^ht  open  material 
should  be  used,  the  object  in  shading  being  not  to 
exclude  sunlight,  but  reduce  the  intensity  of  its  rays. 
They  must  occasionally  shade  their  plants  or  they 
would  have  to  mourn  over  scalded  leaves,  which 
disfigured  the  plants  for  months,  and  in  some 
instances  a  longer  period.  By  fastening  strips  of 
wood  3  or  4  inches  wide,  at  about  every  third  light 
for  the  blinds  to  run  on,  the  shading  was  just  above 
the  glass.  This  allowed  a  current  of  air  to  be  always 
moving  between  the  blind  and  roof,  which  tended  to 
keep  the  houses  cool,  and  prevented  the  air  getting 
so  dry  as  it  otherwise  would  do.  He  deprecated  the 
constant  use  of  blinds,  it  being  surprising  how  much 
sunshine  would  benefit  the  majority  of  plants. 

The  quantity  of  water  they  should  give  and  the 
degree  of  humidity  they  should  strive  to  attain,  were 
details  to  be  left  very  much  to  the  judgment  and  dis- 
cretion of  the  operator,  who  should  be  guided  by  the 
class  of  house  with  which  he  had  to  deal.  It  should 
be  remembered  that  when  the  plants  were  in  active 
growth  a  good  share  of  water  was  needed  for  each. 
Where  the  house  was  devoted  to  Orchids  alone,  good 
dampings  down  were  necessary  twice,  and  in  very  hot 
weather  thrice  during  the  day.  The  plants  when 
growing  needed  water  often,  but  the  surroundings 
should  be  kept  damp  and  moistened  rather  than  that 
the  soil  should  be  wet  and  soddened. 
Potting. 

Potting  required  care  and  forethought.  The  pots  and 
crocks  should  be  clean.  In  crocking,  the  pieces  should 
be  placed  as  upright  as  possible,  leaving  open  spaces 
for  the  quicker  passing  of  the  water,  as  well  as  for  the 
entrance  of  fresh  air  to  the  roots.  Some  well-burnt 
charcoal  might  be  safely  used  among  the  crocks,  and 


364 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLH. 


[September  18,  1886 


some  pieces  might  be  used  in  the  peat  and  moss. 
The  grower  who  had  chirge  of  the  plants  ought  to 
crock,  or  superintend  the  crocking,  so  that  he  could 
be  guided  as  to  the  amount  of  water  plants  required. 
The  best  time  for  potting  the  majority  of  epiphytal 
Orchids  was  doubtless  early  spring— February,  March, 
and  April ;  but  many  plants  might  be  potted  much 
later.  A  good  guide  in  this  respect  was  the  condition 
ol  the  plant ;  if  the  resting  period  were  passed,  and 
new  roots  were  just  beginning  to  push  away,  and  it 
was  necessary  that  a  shift  should  be  given,  then  was 
the  time  to  do  it.  As  many  commenced  growing 
early  in  the  season,  and  others  much  later,  it  was 
wise  to  take  each  in  turn  according  to  the  condition 
and  state  of  the  individual.  For  the  greater  number 
of  the  species  good  fibrous  peat  and  clean  sphagnum 
moss  were  the  best  ingredients  to  use  ;  the  Cattleyas, 
Lselias,  &c.,  should  be  treated  to  a  larger  quantity  of 
peat  than  some  others ;  whilst  the  East  India  plants 
succeded  best  when  potted  in  sphagnum  only.  For 
some  of  the  strong-growing  sorts — Calanthe,  So- 
bralia,  Peristeria,  Thunia,  and  Phaius— good  fibrous 
1  Jam  mixed  in  moss,  sand,  and  charcoal  formed  a  com- 
post helpful  in  bringing  about  the  most  satisfactory 
results.  This  genera  so  treated  should  be  placed  just 
below  the  rim  of  the  pot.  Those  potted  in  peat  and 
moss  should  be  6xed  an  inch  or  two  above  the  rim, 
according  to  the  dimension  of  the  specimens ;  but 
the  rhizome  and  base  of  the  bulbs  must  always  be 
above  the  potting  material. 

Cattleyas,  &c. 

Perhaps  the  most  showy  group  of  Orchids  and 
those  that  could  be  grown  with  success  were  the 
Lalias  and  Cattleyas.  Each  in  their  own  depart- 
ment were  rich  in  colour,  and  distinct  in  the  form 
and  marking  of  the  flowers,  presenting  great  dis- 
tinctness in  their  appearance  and  growth.  The 
course  of  treatment  adopted  with  one  would  not 
command  success  with  another.  They  would  not  err 
if  they  used  pots  for  the  tall  growing  kinds,  and  pans 
or  baskets  for  the  dwarfer  varieties.  The  Utter  were 
best  when  hung  near  the  glass.  Stout  bulbous 
species  might  be  grown  in  baskets  in  perfect  safety. 
Dowiana,  gigas,  &c.,  revelled  in  more  heat  than  the 
majority  of  Cattleyas  ;  they  enjoyed  a  stronger  sun- 
light with  an  atmosphere  much  drier  than  was  experi- 
enced by  those  on  the  tables  or  stages.  Cattleya  Mossise, 
Trianas,  Warneri,  Gaskelliana,  Mendelii,  Laelia  pur- 
purata,  Elegans,  &c.,  should  always  have  abundance 
of  light.  In  winter  they  should  have  a  night  tem- 
perature of  55°,  rising  to  60°  in  the  day,  with  a  rise 
of  5°  more  by  sun-heat  ;  in  the  growing  season,  and 
throughout  summer,  65°  to  70°  by  night,  with  a  rise  by 
sun-heat  to  85°  or  90°,  or  even  a  higher  reading. 
Plenty  of  air  should  be  given,  and  every  endeavour 
made  in  summer  to  induce  a  quick  and  sturdy  growth, 
so  that  the  bulbs  might  be  thoroughly  plump  and 
matured  ere  winter  sets  in.  Those  that  have  not 
quite  finished  up  their  bulbs  should  be  carefully 
tended  as  regards  water.  It  was  wise  to  hang  newly 
imported  pieces  in  a  rather  shady  position,  without 
any  soil  or  material  attached.  They  should  be 
syringed  frequently.  By  this  treatment  the  plants 
plumped  up  their  bulbs  and  gradually  assumed  a 
greener  colour,  roots  pushed  out  along  the  rhirome 
and  at  the  base  of  the  previous  season's  bulb,  and 
they  might  confidently  expect  new  growths.  When 
the  breaks  had  appeared,  and  before  the  roots  attained 
a  length  that  endangered  their  safety  in  handling,  the 
plants  should  be  potted  well  up  in  the  centre  of  the 
pot,  and  placed  by  themselves  so  as  to  be  under  the 
eye  of  the  grower,  that  he  may  see  every  advance  and 
stage  of  progress.  It  was  preferable,  for  many 
reasons,  to  purchase  large  masses. 

Dendrobes. 

Another  section — Dendrobiums — differ  from  the 
foregoing  because  they  mostly  flower  along  the  bulbs, 
and  brought  the  blooms  in  clusters  or  pendulous 
racemes,  Having  noticed  the  extreme  growths  of 
these  Mr.  Swan  said  if  colour  and  display  were  sought 
afier  this  genus,  which  was  easily  managed,  might  be 
so  grown  that  many  species  in  one  year  would  produce 
most  brilliant  effects.  The  colours  and  forms  were  as 
various  as  it  was  possible  to  conceive,  with  markings  as 
clear  and  distinct  as  the  most  fastidious  could  desire. 
To  secure  success  with  this  group  a  decided  period  of 
growth  and  of  rest  must  be  attended  to,  the  former  for 
the  perfect  development  of  growths  and  leaves,  the 
latter  for  the  maturing  of  the  bulbs  and  the  formation 
of  the  blossoms.     In  potting,  let  the  pots  be  only  just 


sufticient  to  hold  the  plants,  with  no  excess  of  material, 
for  a  continued  damp  soil  had  a  tendency  to  cause  the 
roots  to  decay,  especially  if  the  plants  were  over- 
watered  during  the  rest  season.  When  the  plants 
commenced  to  grow  in  early  spring  the  heat  of  an 
ordinary  stove  should  be  given  — 60°  to  65°  at  night, 
rising  to  75°  and  80°,  with  a  rise  of  5°  more  by  sun- 
heat.  Such  temperature  might  be  given  with  safety 
during  summer  with  a  good  share  of  water  at  the 
roots  and  a  syringing  overhead  on  bright  days,  morn- 
ing and  afternoon.  When  the  growth  was  finished 
in  the  autumn  lessen  the  quantity  of  water,  cease  the 
syringing,  and  by  the  lowering  of  temperature,  en- 
courage rest  and  the  ripening  of  the  bulbs. 

Daring  the  resting  period  a  night  temperature  of 
45°  to  50°  was  quite  sufficient  for  the  majority,  rising 
to  55°  in  the  daytime.  Those  forms  having  small 
bulbs  and  of  a  light  substance  should  not  be  kept  too 
dry,  as  many  were  liable  to  shrivel  and  die  away 
before  any  apparent  change  had  taken  place  in  them. 
With  regard  to  East  Indian  plants  some  of  the  smaller 
sorts  should  be  grown  in  baskets  and  hung  up  near 
the  gl.iss.  The  Phalsenopsis  are  best  so  grown.  They 
should  be  all  hung  near  together  in  a  shadier  part  of 
the  house.  The  taller  kinds,  Vandas  and  Aerides, 
were  best  when  grown  in  perforated  pots,  for  that 
being  their  most  natural  condition,  the  roots  were 
not  so  liable  to  decay  as  when  they  were  in 
ordinary  pots.  With  the  exception  of  a  few 
species,  the  whole  of  the  Saccolabiums,  Vandas, 
Aerides,  &c.,  required  the  temperature  of  the  East 
India  house — a  night  temperature  in  winter  of  55° 
and  60°  to  65°  in  the  daytime,  and  in  summer,  70°  at 
night,  rising  to  85°  and  90°  in  the  day.  Whilst  the 
plants  were  growing,  abundance  of  water  must  be 
used  in  the  house,  not  so  much  to  keep  the  contents 
of  the  pots  saturated  with  moisture,  as  that  the  sur- 
roundings might  be  kept  damp  and  the  atmosphere 
charged  with  humidity. 

Odontoglossums. 
Perhaps  the  most  popular  Orchid  of  the  day,  and 
one  that  could  be  obtained  at  a  cheap  rate,  was  the 
chaste  and  lovely  Odontoglossum  Alexandrae.  It 
required  little  heat  in  winter,  and  none  whatever  during 
summer  and  autumn,  in  a  light  house  with  cool  dark 
surfaces  for  the  plants  to  stand  upon  ;  a  temperature 
ol  40°  to  45°  at  night,  rising  5°  during  the  day  in 
December,  January,  and  February,  50"  to  55°  at  night 
with  a  corresponding  rise  in  the  daytime  by  sunbeat 
in  March  and  April,  and  in  summer,  when  strong 
sunheat  was  certain  to  raise  the  temperature,  every 
effort  must  be  made  to  keep  the  house  as  cool  and 
moist  as  possible.  Very  little  rest  was  required  for 
the  Odontoglossums.  They  needed  more  shade  than 
any  other  class  of  Orchids,  and  plenty  of  air  should 
always  be  admitted.  In  conclusion,  Mr.  Swan  im- 
pressed upon  all,  that  in  plant  growing  they  must 
bear  in  mind  they  were  dealing  with  subjects  pos- 
sessing life  in  a  high  state  of  development ;  that  the 
growth,  the  continual  advance  and  progression,  the 
display  of  gay  and  showy  blossoms,  and  the  perfection 
and  beauty  depended  entirely  upon  the  surroundings, 
the  environment  of  the  plants  ;  and  thus  it  became 
them  to  make  themselves  acquainted  with  the  con- 
ditions most  certain  to  ensure  success,  then  by  a 
judicious  application  of  the  best  methods,  willingly 
and  patiently  wait  whilst  they  eagerly  anticipate  a 
joyful  realisation  of  their  most  sanguine  expectations. 


RUBUS    PHCENICOLASIUS. 

For  the  specimen  whence  our  illustration  (fig.  74) 
was  taken  we  are  indebted  to  the  Rev.  Canon  Ella- 
combe.  It  is  a  strikingly  handsome  hardy  or  half- 
hardy  bramble,  with  the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves 
glaucous,  as  in  a  Raspberry,  and  the  stems  plenti- 
fully beset  with  long  slender  gland-tipped  reddish- 
brown  hairs.  To  this  latter  characteristic  it  owes  its 
name  (phoinix,  dark  red  ;  lasios,  wool).  The  flowers 
are  pink,  and  of  little  beauty,  the  petals  being  so 
much  smaller  than  the  sepals.  These  latter,  as 
mentioned  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  Botanical  Maga- 
zine, t.  6479,  "close  over  the  ripening  fruit,  but 
spread  out  again  horizontally  when  the  latter  is  ripe  " 
— a  peculiarity  we  noticed  in  a  former  number  without 
then  being  aware  that  it  had  been  placed  on  record. 
The  fruits  are  reddish,  slightly  acid.  The  plant  is  a 
native  of  Japan,  and  was  originally  described  by  Dr. 
Maximowicz.  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  notes  that  it  suf- 
fered severely  in  the  winter  at  Kew,  and  was  in 
consequence  transferred  to  the  temperate-house. 


MARKET  PLANTS. 

BouvARDiAS. — Among  flowering  plants  that  are 
grown  for  market  purposes  few  are  more  valuable  than 
the  Bouvardias,  especially  for  giving  a  supply  of  cut 
bloom  throughout  the  autumn  and  winter  months.  As 
pot  plants,  too,  some  of  the  varieties  are  very  useful  ; 
but  for  the  latter  purpose  there  is  not  a  great  demand, 
and  it  is  only  when  the  plants  are  grown  to  perfection 
that  Ihey  realise  anything  like  a  fair  price,  or  find  a 
ready  sale.  Plants  profusely  flowered  will  sometimes 
realise  lis.  per  dozen,  while  plants  that  some  people 
would  consider  fairly  well  grown  would  not  be  worth 
more  than  4;.  to  gr.  per  dozen,  and  at  those  prices  it 
would  be  difficult  to  dispose  of  them.  The  price  of  cut 
bloom  varies  very  much — from  6s,  to  gj.  per  dozen 
bunches  may  be  considered  a  fair  average  price,  but 
sometimes  it  will  fetch  as  much  as  iZs,  per  dozen 
during  the  winter  months ;  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  often 
difficult  to  dispose  of  them  at  any  price,  and  it  is  on  this 
account  that  amateurs  who  send  occasional  consign- 
ments to  Covent  Garden  Market  experience  some  dis- 
appointment at  the  prices  returned  ;  for  while  the 
regular  growers  can  always  sell  a  certain  quantity  at 
a  fair  price,  if  the  supply  is  plentiful,  which  (unfortu- 
nately for  the  growers)  is  too  often  the  case,  it  is 
more  than  probable  that  any  one  who  has  no  regular 
customers  for  his  plants  will  be  unable  to  sell  out  at 
any  price.  Although  Bouvardias  may  be  had  in 
flower  throughout  the  year,  it  is  hardly  worth  while  to 
flower  them  through  the  summer  months  when  so  many 
other  good  flowers,  which  do  not  flag  so  quickly  as 
the  Bouvardia  does  during  the  hot  weather,  may 
be  had. 

Culture. 
To  grow  Bouvardias  successfully  it  is  essential  to 
secure  good  stock  plants,  so  that  good  strong  cuttings 
may  be  obtained  early  in  the  year.  The  best  plants 
to  select  the  stock  from  will  be  those  that  have  been 
flowering  through  the  autumn  ;  these  can  be  ripened 
off  early,  and  it  should  be  remembered  that  to  ripen 
the  plants  off  properly  they  should  not  be  crowded  up 
together  after  they  have  done  flowering,  but  stood  out 
thinly  in  an  exposed  position,  and  gradually  dried  off. 
They  should  be  ready  for  starting  early  in  January  ;  it 
is  best  to  cut  them  back  and  allow  them  to  remain  in 
a  cool  house  for  a  fortnight  or  so  before  starting 
them.  When  they  are  first  placed  in  heat  they  may 
be  lightly  syringed  frequently,  but  no  water  should  be 
given  at  the  root  until  they  begin  to  start  into  growth, 
and  then  only  very  sparingly,  as,  if  once  allowed  to 
get  a  little  too  wet  at  this  stage,  they  get  into  a  sickly 
condition,  and  never  thrive  or  give  good  cuttings 
afterwards. 

Propagating. 
The  first  batch  of  cuttings  should  be  ready  early  in 
February.  As  soon  as  the  young  growths  are  about 
an  inch  long  they  may  be  taken  off  close  to  the  old 
wood  ;  if  the  plants  are  healthy,  they  will  break  out 
again  freely,  and  soon  give  another  batch.  Cuttings 
strike  freely  in  an  ordinary  stove  propagating  pit,  but 
unless  care  is  taken,  the  early  batches  are  rather  liable 
to  damp  off.  To  prevent  this,  fresh  clean  plunging 
material  should  be  used,  and  no  woody  or  other  sub- 
stance that  is  likely  to  contain  fungus,  should  be  used 
in  the  compost.  Peat  mould  and  sand  in  equal  parts, 
is  the  best  compost  to  use.  A  little  air  should  be 
given  to  the  pit  every  morning,  but  it  must  be  closed 
again  before  the  cuttings  get  withered  ;  if  allowed  to 
get  withered,  they  are  not  only  much  longer  in  striking 
root,  but  they  never  start  away  so  freely  afterwards. 
By  the  time  the  cuttings  are  well-rooted,  they  will 
require  stopping  ;  we  like  to  stop  them  once  before 
potting-off,  and  pot  them  as  soon  as  they  begin  to 
make  a  fresh  start.  To  grow  good  plants  in  one 
season  they  must  not  be  allowed  to  receive  a  check  at 
any  time.  It  is  important  that  they  should  be  potted 
on  as  they  require  it,  and  have  careful  attention  in 
watering  ;  they  should  also  be  kept  regularly  stopped. 
If  intended  for  pot  plants,  they  must  be  stopped  over 
evenly  until  they  have  formed  sufficiently  bushy  plants 
to  secure  a  good  head  of  bloom,  if  for  cut  bloom  it 
will  depend  more  on  the  time  the  flower  is  required. 
Another  matter  of  importance  is  to  keep  the  plants 
free  from  insects.  They  are  subject  to  a  great  variety 
of  insect  pests.  Red-spider  and  Greenfly  being  their 
greatest  enemies ;  there  is  also  a  small  bluish  aphis 
which  is  very  troublesome  during  the  summer ;  con- 
stant use  of  the  syringe  is  the  only  remedy  for  the 
former,  and  fumigation  on  its  first  appearance  for  the 
latter. 


SkftHmber  i§,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


365 


The  compost  for  potting  should  consist  of  light 
fibrous  loam,  with  a  liberal  addition  of  well-rotted 
manure,  and  a  good  sprinkle  of  sharp  sand,  leaf- 
mould  may  also  be  used  freely,  or  if  the  latter  is  not 
to  be  had  and  the  loam  is  inclined  to  be  heavy,  a 
little  peat  may  be  used.  The  plants  should  not  be 
potted  too  firmly.  As  soon  as  the  plants  begin  to 
show  flower,  a  little  liquid,  or  artificial  manure  may 
be  used  frequently. 


is  also  a  very  good  variety,  with  bright  coral-like 
flowers. 
The  following  are  the  most  useful  single  varieties ; — 
B.  jasminiflora,  though  one  of  the  oldest,  is  still 
among  the  most  popular.  The  flowers  are  pure 
white,  sweet-scented,  and  above  the  average  size. 
It  is  rather  more  delicate  than  most  sorts,  but  under 
good  treatment  it  is  very  prolific,  and  may  be  had  in 
flower  throughout   the  year.      B,   longiflora  and  B. 


FlG.    74.  — RUBUS    PHCENICOLASIUS.       {SKE    P.    364.) 


Varieties. 

The  varieties  of  Bouvardias  are  not  so  numerous  as 
in  most  classes  of  florists'  flowers,  and  no  great  advance 
has  been  made  of  late  years,  except  in  the  double 
varieties,  and  these  do  not  seem  likely  to  become  so 
popular  as  was  anticipated  when  Alfred  Neuner  was 
first  sent  out.  Several  of  the  market  growers  went 
in  for  it  largely,  but  they  soon  found  that  it  would 
not  become  a  favourite  with  the  buyers  of  cut  bloom, 
and  it  therefore  had  to  be  discarded  ;  though  it  must 
be  admitted  to  be  very  pretty,  as  are  also  some  of 
the  new  scarlet  doubles,  the  best  of  which  is  Sang 
Lorraine  (deep   vermilion  scarlet).     Victor  Lemoine 


jasminiflora  longipetala  are  similar,  if  not  identical 
with  the  above. 

B.  Humboldtii  corymbifloia  is  one  of  the  most 
useful  for  cutting  purposes,  the  flowers  being  large, 
highly  fragrant,  and  pure  white,  make  it  a  general 
favourite.  It  is  of  vigorous  habit,  and  flowers  freely 
throughout  the  summer  and  autumn,  but  does  not 
flower  so  freely  through  the  winter  months  as  many 
of  the  varieties. 

B.  candidissiina, — As  a  pot  plant  this  is  one  of  the 
best.  It  is  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit,  very  free, 
and  the  flowers  are  pure  white,  with  a  delicate 
perfume.     It  is  a  good  variety  for  early  spring  work. 


B.  Vreelanilii  is  another  good  white  variety,  but 
when  grown  in  an  exposed  position  the  flowers  are 
slightly  tinted  with  pink.  B.  alba  elegantissima,  B. 
Davidsoni,  and  B.  The  Bride,  are  all  identical  with  it. 

B.  Reine  des  Roses. — Flowers  large,  rosy  pink  ;  a 
good  variety  for  pot-work. 

B.  rosea  ociilata. — A  very  pretty  variety,  of  slender 
growth,  with  pale  rose-coloured  flowers. 

B.  Priory  Beauty. — A  good  free-flowering  variety, 
with  flesh-pink  flowers  ;  a  great  improvement  on  the 
older  variety,  "Maiden's  Blush":  one  o(  the  best 
for  pots. 

B.  Bridal  Wreath. — Somewhat  after  Reine  des 
Roses  in  habit,  flowers  large,  upper-side  of  petals 
white,  under-side  and  tube  shaded  with  pink.  Makes 
a  beautiful  pot-plant. 

B.  flavescens. — Pale  yellow;  very  pretty  when  the 
flowers  first  open,  but  it  fades  too  quickly  to  be  of 
much  value  for  market  work. 

B,  Hogarth. — Of  the  scarlet  varieties  this  is  the 
oldest,  being  one  of  the  first  garden  varieties  of 
Bouvardias  raised,  and  it  is  still  a  favourite  with 
many  growers,  though  in  some  cases  it  has  been 
superseded  by  B.  elegans,  which  has  larger  flowers, 
and  is  perhaps  a  little  brighter  in  colour,  but  not 
quite  so  free  and  compact  in  habit. 

B.  Dazzkr. — A  good  scarlet,  very  free-flowering, 
and  of  good  habit ;  very  useful  as  a  pot-plant,  or  for 
cutting  from. 

B.  Vulcan. — A  slender-growing' variety,  with  small, 
deep  vermilion-scarlet  flowers,  good  lor  cutting  from. 

B.  longiflora  flammea. — A  good  variety  for  early 
spring  flowering  ;  the  flowers  are  very  bright  scarlet 
when  they  first  open,  but  they  quickly  fade,  espe- 
cialUy  if  the  damp  settles  on  them.  A.  Hemsley. 


Mushrooms  for  the  Million.     By  J.  Wright. 

(171,  Fleet  Street). 
Edition  after  edition,  or  reissue  after  re-issue  attest 
the  success  of  Mr.  Wright's  labours  in  making  known 
the  best  methods  of  Mushroom  culture,  and  now  a 
fourth  edition  with  a  supplement  has  appeared  in 
which  the  author  has  embodied  his  latest  experience 
and  that  of  his  numerous  correspondents.  Mr.  Wright 
is  careful  not  to  give  exaggerated  estimates  of  the 
profit  to  be  derived  from  Mushroom  culture,  and 
does  not  advocate  it  as  a  panacea  for  agricultural 
distress,  but  that  it  may  and  does  put  money  in  the 
pockets  of  the  grower  and  satisfies  the  taste  of  the 
consumer  is  obvious  enough.  Just  as  the  ordinary  gar- 
dener is  in  advance  of  the  ordinary  agriculturist,  so  the 
market  growers  who  are  of  course  specialists  are  in 
advance  of  the  private  gardeners,  at  least  in  their 
own  speciality.  It  would  hardly  be  requisite  to  call 
attention  to  this  very  patent  fact,  were  it  not  for 
the  circumstance  that  so  lew  of  our  gardeners  take 
the  trouble  to  watch  and  see  what  their  brethren  of 
the  market  garden  are  about.  For  as  many  years  as 
we  can  remember  the  market  gardeners  of  Putney 
and  Fulham,  and  probably  elsewhere,  have  grown 
Mushrooms  in  the  open  air,  but  we  do  not  remember 
to  have  seen  the  plan  adopted  in  private  gardens, 
though  it  is  undoubtedly  the  best  for  producing  the 
toothsome  fungi  in  largest  quantities.  Mr.  Dunn,  of 
the  Gardens,  Parlington,  near  Leeds,  gives  some  in- 
teresting figures,  cited  by  Mr.  Wright,  as  to  the  profits 
of  this  system  of  culture.  By  following  Mr.  Wright's 
directions  164  yards  of  beds  were  formed,  of  which 
42  yards  failed.  The  total  cost  was  £^z  i^s.  yd., 
while  the  net  profit  is  returned  at  £6^  2s.  lod. 

We  believe  that  the  outdoor  system  is  the  most 
certain  method,  though,  as  we  have  just  seen,  it  is 
not  absolutely  safe,  for  your  Mushroom  is  apt  to  be 
capricious ;  and  though  any  or  all  of  the  twelve 
methods  recommended  by  Mr.  Wright  are  generally 
satisfactory,  yet  one  and  all  are  liable  to  occasional 
failure — at  least,  we  know  that  some  are  so.  The 
finest  Mushrooms  we  ever  saw  on  the  whole  were 
grown  in  an  old  Cucumber-frame  on  the  plan  indicated 
by  Mr.  Wright  in  his  ninth  method  ;  but  we  remember 
being  told  by  others  who  had  practised  it  that  the 
plan  was  not  always  successful.  Mr.  Wright  attri- 
butes one  cause  of  failure  to  commencing  operations 
at  the  wrong  time,  and  that  this  is  so  we  can  testify, 
as  in  one  case  after  two  years'  waiting  a  fine  crop  was 
obtained  where  all  hope  had  been  abandoned.  A 
very  interesting  feature  in  Mushroom  culture  is  the 
well-established  fact  of  the  advantage  of  common  salt 


366 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  iS,  i8 


as  a  manure.  This  is  a  point  Ihat  requires  explana- 
tion. Does  the  salt  directly  benefit  the  Mushroom, 
or  does  it  do  so  indirectly  by  slaying  its  enemies? 
The  point  is  well  worth  investifjaling,  for  neither 
chlorine  nor  sodium  (ihe  two  ingredients  ol  which 
salt  is  made  up)  is  considered  of  any  special  value  in 
ordinary  plants.  Funyi,  however,  have  ways  of  their 
own  quite  different  from  other  plants,  so  that  it  need 
occasion  no  surprise  to  l.arn  that  what  is  suitable  for 
them  is  not  so  for  other  plants.  .Sodium  chloride 
has,  amongst  other  properties,  that  of  dissolving 
calcic  phosphate. 

A  good  su^geslion  is  that  of  growing  Mushrooms 
and  Vines  in  the  same  house,  wher,  under  proper 
management,  the  Mushrooms  grown  on  the  beds  in 
the  house  in  winter  will  prove  as  profilable  as  the 
Grapes  in  summer.  The  beds  are  made  immediately 
the  Grapes  are  cut  in  November,  and  extended  as 
manure  is  collected,  so  that  a  regular  daily  supply  of 
Mushrooms  is  eventually  secured. 

Mr.  Wright  may  be  congratulated  on  his  success, 
and  deserves  the  gratitude  of  every  one  who  in  these 
times  of  depression  is  enabled,  by  following  out  his 
instructions,  to  secure  a  balance  on  the  right  side. 
The  consumer  also  is  under  no  slight  obligation  to 
Mr.  Wright,  who  seems  to  befriend  us  all  round, 
with  the  possible  exception  of  the  greengrocer  ;  but 
we  cannot  say  we  have  much  more  sympathy  with 
that  individual  than  has  Mr.  Wright. 


THE   LETTUCE. 


At  the  Ntw  York  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
in  1SS5,  eighty-three  distinct  varieties  of  Lettuce 
were  grown  under  nearly  200  different  names.  These 
Lettuces  present  to  the  on-looker  three  distinct  forao- 
species, — the  lanceolate-leaved,  the  Cos,  and  the 
Cabbage  It  is  a  pertinent  inquiry  as  to  whether 
these  form-species  are  of  distinct  origin,  or  have  been 
produced  by  cultivation  within  rec:nt  times,  and 
hence  we  offer  a  succinct  account  of  our  historical 
investigations. 

The  lanceolate-leaved  form  is  represented  with  us 
by  one  variety  only, — the  Deer's-tongue,  introduced 
as  a  seedsman's  novelty  in  iSSj.  The  type  of  this 
form  is  perhaps  referred  to  by  Pdny,  lib.  xix.,  c.  3S, 
"  pr.-eterea  longi,  et  angusti,  intubi  similis,"  as  this 
plant  of  ours  has  a  Chicory-like  appearance  in  some 
stages  ol  its  growth. 

It  is  certainly  mentioned  by  Biuhin  (Pinax,  ed.  of 
1621)  in  1621,  and  credited  in  his  synonymy  to 
Cistir,  15S5  ;  and  is  figured  by  Biuhin  (Pi-odroiiios, 
ed.  of  1671)  in  1671.  Vilmorin  (Lcs  Plan'cs  Pota- 
£iri:s),  1S83,  refers  to  this  type  of  Lettuce  under  the 
name  Rotnaine  asperge,  Lactuca  angustana,  liort., 
and  a  variety  L.  cracoviensis,  Hort.  L.  angustana 
Allionii,  17S5,  seems  to  be  of  this  form-species,  and 
is  recorded  as  found  wild  in  Switzerland,  and  Martyn's 
Millers  Dictionary  deems  the  Chicoiium  Constanti- 
nopuhtanum  of  Parkinson,  1640,  to  have  some  affinity 
to  it. 

The  Cos  Lettuces  are  distinguished  by  the  upright 
growth  of  the  root  leaves,  and  the  elongated  and 
spatulate  form  of  the  leaf  ;  they  are  also  subject  to  a 
flattening  ol  the  tlalk  through  fasciaiion.  Tney  were 
c<nainly  known  to  the  ancient  Romans,  as  witness 
Pliny's  statement  (Nat.  Hist.,  lib.  xix.,  c.  38)  :  — 
"  Diligentiores  plura  genera  faciunt  :  purpureas 
crispas,  Cappedocis,  Gtiecos,  longiores  his  folii 
caulesque  laii  :  prKi.-eterea  longi  et  angusti,  intubi 
similis."  Palladius's  (/9i.-  Re  Rmtica,  lib.  ii.,  c.  14) 
mention  of  the  process  of  blanchmg  can  also  be 
quoted  :— "Candidre  fieri  patantur,  si  fluminis  arena 
vel  litoris  frequentur  spargatur  in  medias,  &  collectis 
ipsK  foliis  alligentur."  The  Cos  Lettuce  is  the  Lac- 
tuca  Romana  dulcior,  nigriore  &  Scariole  hortensis 
folio,  semine  nigro  of  Pena  &  Lobel  {Stirfium  Ad- 
versaria nova,  Londini,  1570,  p.  90).  Bauhin,  in  his 
Pinax,  considers  this  forrr,  to  be  the  L.  foliis  obscuris 
virentibus,  nigra  Piinio  of  Dodonaeus  (Pemp/ades, 
1621,  p.  644),  the  L.  nigra  of  Cssalpinus,  15S3.  and 
the  L.  Romana  of  Castor  Durante?,  15S5.  In  the 
sixteen' h  century  the  Cos  form  seems  to  have  been 
less  grown  in  northern  Europe  than  in  the  south,  for 
Pena  &  l^obel  (''cm /'lades,  1621,  p.  644)  say  it  is 
rarely  cultivated  in  France  and  Germany, — more  fre- 
quently in  Italy,  especially  at  Rome. 

The  class  of  Cabbage  Lettuces  are  distinguished  by 
the  rounled  and  spatulate  leaf  which  grows  less  up- 
right than  the  Cos,  although  the  commentators  of  the 
Bixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  deem  this  class  to 


have  been  known  to  the  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans, 
and  identical  with  the  Laconicon  of  Pliny  and  the 
Tartesian,  or  Bstica,  of  Cjlumella,  yet  I  am  unable 
to  find  any  certain  evidence.  The  only  word  I  find 
in  I^liny  which  could  suggest  this  class  is  "  crispa," 
which  may  be  translated  "  wricikled,"  and  as  a  class 
the  Cabbage  Lettuces  are  more  wrinkled  or  blistered 
than  are  the  Cos,  Columella  (De  Ke  Kustica,  x., 
I.  183  ;  xi.,  c.  3  ;  X.,  I.  1S5)  was  a  native  o(  Gides, 
but  resided  principally  at  Rome.  He  speaks  of  two 
kinds  which  may  belong  to  this  c'ass, — one  the  Cap- 
padocian  "  Tertia,  qu:e  spisso,  sed  puro  vertice 
pallet,"  and  "  qu:e  pallido  &  pexo  densoque  folio 
viret  ;"  the  other  the  Tartesian,  or  liKtica,  which  he 
says  is  from  his  country  :  — 

"  Et  mea,  quam  generant  Tartesi  litore  Gades 
Cadida  vibr.ito  discrimine,  Candida  thyrso  est," 

and  "qua;  deinde  Candida  est  &  crispissimi  folii,  ul 
in  provincia  B:l'  ica  &  finibus  Gaditani  municipii. " 
The  words  "vibrato  discrimine"  and  "crispissimi 
fchi  "  would  imply  a  culled  cutting  Lettuce.  The 
heading  Lettuces  of  this  class  were,  however,  well 
known  to  the  writers  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuiies.  In  the  Hist,  Plant.,  1561,  is  figured 
ore  which  closely  resembles  the  Stone  Tennis- 
ball  variety  of  our  gardens,  and  Bauhin  in  his  synon- 
ymy identifies  with  varieties  described  by  Tragus, 
'553,  Tdbernxmontanus,  158S,  Matthiolus,  1586, 
('.erarde,  1597,  &c. 

Whether  the  types  of  the  Cos  and  the  Cabbage 
form-species  occur  in  nature  I  have  not  the  material 
for  study  to  determine.  De  Candolle  {Otii^in  of 
Cultivated  Plants,  1S55,  p.  95)  says  "botanists  are 
agreed  in  considering  the  cultivated  Lettuce  a;  a 
modification  of  the  wild  species  called  Lacluca 
scariola.  The  latter  grows  in  temperate  and  southern 
Europe,  in  the  Canary  Isles,  Madeira,  Algeria,  Abys- 
sinia, and  in  the  temperate  regions  of  Eastern  Asia. 
Boissier  speaks  of  specimens  from  Arabia  Petrea  to 
Mesopotamia  and  the  Caucasus.  He  mentions  a 
variety  with  crinkled*  leaves,  similar  therefore  to 
some  of  our  garden  Lettuces,  which  the  Irrveller 
Hausknecht  brought  with  him  from  the  moun'.ains  of 
Kurdistan.  I  have  a  specimen  from  Siberia,  found 
near  the  river  Irtysch,  and  it  is  now  known  with 
certainty  that  the  species  grows  in  the  north  of  India, 
in  Kashmir,  and  in  Nepal."  From  this  reference  we 
might  infer  that  the  Kurdistan  form  belongs  to  the 
Cabbage  type,  as  possessing  distinctly  wrinkled  or 
Savoy-like  leaves,  while  the  description  of  the  ordi- 
nary L.  scariola  of  Europe  implies  the  Cos  type. 

I  have  not  opportunity  of  access  to  herbariums 
whereby  I  can  hope  to  satisfy  myself  of  the  conditions 
of  the  wild  forms  from  various  countries,  but  such 
evidence  as  I  have  here  outlined  strongly  supports  the 
hypothesis  that  our  three  form-species  of  Lettuce  have 
originated  from  wild  forms  which  havp  been  brought 
into  culture  in  different  regions,  and  hence  that  out 
three  form-species  have  different  origin.  The  history 
of  Lettuce,  as  published,  affords  no  clue  towards 
settling  this  point.  Lettuces  are  supposed  to  have 
been  grown  by  the  Persians  some  503  years  before 
Christ,  and  to  have  been  introduced  into  China  be- 
tween the  years  600  and  gDO  of  era  ;  they  were  men- 
tioned by  Chaucer  in  England  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  and  reached  America  with  Columbus.  E,  L, 
Sturtevant, 


THE  AMERICAN  APPLE  CROP. 

Springfield,  Miss.,  August  iS.— With  the  aid  of 
some  1500  special  correspondents,  the  jVeiv  Enqlanii 
Homestead  will  this  week  be  enabled  to  present  a 
very  complete  forecast  as  to  the  larger  fruits  whose 
harvest  has  now  commenced.  It  is  the  "even"  or 
bearing  year  for  Apples  in  New  England,  but  thou;;h 
there  is  a  large  yield  of  fall  fruit,  the  reports  indicate 
that  the  crop  of  winter  Apples,  will  be  about 
70  per  cent  of  the  U5ual  "  even  "  year  yield  in  the  six 
Slates. 

In  the  best  Apple  counties  of  Vermont,  along  Like 
Champlain,  not  two-thirds  a  full  even  year  crop  will 
be  secured,  while  Maine  reports  a  decrease  of  20  per 
cent.,  but  both  th:se  Slates  and  New  Hampshire  will 
have  a  large  surplus.  Connecticut  has  but  half  a  crop, 
and  Massachusetts  So  per  cent.  But  the  falling  off  in 
New  England  will  be  partly  made  up  by  the  great 
crop  in  the  Apple  sections  of  Nova  Scotia,  Annapolis 
and  King  counties.     Nova  Scotia  last  year  exported 


only  40,000  barrth,  but  this  season  will  have  a  sur- 
plus of  100,000  larrel?. 

Perhaps  the  most  significent  fact  revealed  in  this 
important  report  is,  that  the  great  Apple  counties  of 
Western  New  York  promise  *'the  lightest  crop  in 
twenty  years,  and  the  worse  feature  is  that  the  quality 
promises  to  be  comparatively  poor.  The  great 
Apple  counties  of  Orleans,  Monroe,  Niagara,  Wayne, 
and  Wyoming  agree  closely  in  reporting  scarcely 
So  per  cent,  of  an  average  yield. 

Many  towns  in  that  section  which  usually  ship 
great  quantities  of  Apples  will  have  practically  none 
for  export  this  year,  and  farmers  have  very  fine 
ideas  as  to  prices.  In  Eastern  New  York  there  is  a 
better  prospect,  but  th«  average  for  the  whole  S:ate 
{400  reports)  is  only  ^2  per  cent. 

Pennsylvania  has  85  per  cent,  of  a  full  Apple 
crop,  and  there  is  a  good  crop  in  Ohio.  Out 
farther  west  the  reports  are  discouraging,  and  the 
North-west  and  South-west  have  such  a  small  supply 
as  to  offer  a  remunerative  market  for  the  surplus  of 
the  Middle  States,  much  of  which  was  last  year 
available  for  export. 

Cable  reports  from  various  points  in  England 
and  on  the  Continent  confirm  the  earlier  pre- 
dictions of  a  rather  short  Apple  crop  there,  espe- 
cially  of  good  fruit  in  England,  but  the  Orange  crop 
of  southern  Europe  will  be  large,  and  will  affect  the 
English  demand  for  American  Apples  somewhat. 
Consequently  there  will  be  a  good  demand  in 
England  for  our  fruit.  We  exported  thence  nearly 
900,000  barrels  last  year,  the  "  odd  "  year,  and  the 
supply  was  so  large  that  prices  wtr,;  barely  remu- 
nerative. 

The  Homestead  expresses  the  opinion  that  the 
exports  will  hardly  be  as  large  this  year,  and  while 
prices  may  be  a  little  belter,  the  business  of  export- 
ing Apples  is  now  too  closely  managed  to  permit  of 
any  great  advances  over  the  profits  to  be  had  by 
selling  in  domestic  markets.  Tha  wisdom  of  hold- 
ing winter  fruit  for  higher  prices  is  therefore  pro- 
blematical, and  must  largely  depend  upon  later 
developments.  American  Orange  Pippins  sold  in 
Liverpool  at  3.60  dMs.  per  barrel  on  Monday,  the 
first  sale  of  the  season,  which  is  equivalent  to  about 
2.25  dols.  net  on  this  side — a  slight  advance  on 
current  values. 

Pears  will  be  considerably  below  the  usual  yield  ; 
Peaches  for  the  thiril  time  arc  practically  a  failure 
north  of  the  forty  first  parallel;  Plums  are  a  fair 
crop,  and  will  be  cheap  ;  while  Grapes  in  New  Jersey 
are  light,  and  the  good  crop  in  southern  New 
England  should  bring  fair  prices.  Boston  Paper. 


"pOREgTFJY. 


FORESTRY  WORK, 

Weeding  and  cleaning  will  still  occupy  a  good 
deal  of  the  workman's  time  in  this  department. 
Rarely,  indeed,  has  there  been  such  a  favourable 
season  for  the  growth  of  weeds,  the  damp,  war.n 
weather  furthering  their  increase  in  a  very  decided 
manner,  Hand- weeding  is  preferable  to  hoeing 
during  wet  weather,  but  should  the  latter  method 
be  resorted  to,  it  must  be  accompanied  by  imme- 
diate raking  up  of  the  weeds  cut  over.  At  any 
cost  prevent  the  seeding  of  Groundsel,  or  such- 
like troublesome  weeds,  by  having  them  taken  up. 
and  placed  in  the  depot  for  such  previous  to  their 
season  of  flowering.  Vacant  borders  may,  as  lime 
permits,  be  dag  deeply,  or  trenched  over,  and  their 
wants  supplied,  whether  by  the  addition  of  lime,  nur- 
sery compost,  leaf-mould  from  an  adjoining  wood- 
land, or  maiden  loam  from  a  neighbouring  field. 

Collect  seeds  of  the  Birch — the  weeping  form  is 
best — care  being  taken  to  get  the  supply  from  such 
districts  as  are  famous  for  producing  the  finest  tree?, 
notably  the  Braemar  Highlands,  and  have  them 
spread  out  in  a  dry  airy  loft  so  as  to  preserve  unim- 
paired their  germinative  properties.  This,  the 
thorough  drying  and  careful  storing  of  forest  tree 
seeds,  is  a  matter  of  the  greatest  importance  ;  indeed, 
I  know  of  nothing  that  is  more  disheartening  to  the 
forester  than  when,  after  every  care  in  preparing  and 
sowing  a  seed-bed,  he  is  rewarded  with  but  an 
indifferent  crop,  or,  maybe,  no  crop  at  all. 

The  storing  of  seeds  in  bags  is  to  be  condemned, 
unless  under  circumstances  with  which  the  ordmary 
nursery  workman  is  unacquainted,  the  best  method 


Septemei'.r  iS,  i8S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


367 


being  to  spre.id  these  out  evenly  on  shallow  trays 
made  of  any  light  wood  for  a  day  or  two  after  being 
gathered,  and  finaliy  to  store  away  such  as  ate  not 
required  for  immediate  sowing  in  a  loft  or  room  that 
is  tree  from  damp,  and  through  which  a  cuirent  of 
fresh  air  is  daily  passing.  As  the  month  wears  on 
forest  stuff  intended  for  planting  out  this  season  may 
be  lifted  carefully  and  "laid  in  "  thinly  in  some  semi- 
shaly  corner  of  the  nursery  grounds  until  wanted  for 
use. 

Great  care  is  necessary  to  avoid  overcrowding  in 
the  trench,  for  this  is  accompanied  with  anything  but 
good  results,  the  plants  becoming  not  only  dust  dry 
at  the  roots,  but  frequently  fermentation  sets  in, 
more  particularly  in  the  case  of  evergreens,  where  the 
branches  ate  packed  closely  together.  Tying  newly 
lifted  plants  in  bundles  cannot  be  too  strongly  de- 
nounced, unless  in  such  cases  where  they  are  to  be  re- 
moved to  a  distance  and  planted  soon  after  their 
arrival.  Should  some  time  elapse  previous  to  plant- 
ing, by  all  means  untie  the  bundles  and  spread 
the  plants  thinly  out  in  a  trench  prepared  for  the 
purpose. 

Pruning. 

Pruning  young  nursery  stock  may  still  be  engaged 
in — a  work  that  is  best  performed  before  they  leave  the 
grounds.  As  soon  as  the  crops  are  removed  from  the 
fields  all  pruning  and  thinning  out  of  hedge-row  trees 
should  be  set  about.  Overhanging  branches  fre- 
quently cause  great  loss  to  the  farmers,  and  as  they 
are  of  but  little  importance  in  hedge-rows  and  field 
trees  they  should,  where  practicable,  be  cut  well 
back.  Of  course  by  saying  this  it  must  not  be 
inferred  that  branches,  under  any  circumstances,  are 
to  be  removed  from  such  trees,  even  although  they 
may  occasion  very  considerable  damage  to  the 
farmer's  crops,  for  beauty  and  symmetry  of  branch- 
spread  should  in  all  cases  receive  the  first  attention. 

Dead  branches  on  lawn  and  park  trees  must  like- 
wise receive  attention,  as  well  as  withered  and 
broken  ones  in  the  shrubberies ;  and  encroaching 
shoots  alongside  woodland  walks,  drives,  and  roads 
generally.  In  removing  dead  and  dying  trees  from 
conspicuous  portions  of  the  mansion  grounds  grub- 
bing should  always  be  resorted  to,  a  much  neater 
job  being  thus  performed  than  by  simply  cutting  over 
the  stem  at  ground  level. 

First  of  all,  remove  the  turf  from  around  the  tree 
to  be  taken  out,  roll  it  up  and  place  aside  for  recover- 
ing the  soil  ;  then  with  a  pick  or  grubbing  axe  loosen 
the  earth  in  and  amongst  the  roots,  and  with  a  rope, 
previously  attached  to  the  tree,  pull  it  over  in  the 
most  suitable  position,  and  where  least  damage  will 
be  occasioned.  After  removing  the  trunk,  limbs,  and 
root,  till  in  the  previously  removed  soil,  level  it  over, 
and  lay  down  the  turf  in  a  neat  and  workmanlike 
manner.  For  appearance  sake,  it  may  be  well  to 
daub  over  with  paint,  tar,  or  other  prepared  sub- 
stances the  wounds  caused  by  amputating  large 
limbs  and  branches  that  are  within  sight  of  the 
mansion  buildings,  or  visible  from  drives,  roads,  and 
bye-paths.  Previous  to  applying  either  of  these  sub- 
stances, the  wounds  should  be  neatly  dressed  with  a 
sharp  pruning  knife  or  adze,  so  that  rain  water  may 
not  lodge  in  the  crevices  and  cause  decay. 

General  Work. 
Other  duties  in  connection  with  forest  management 
that  must  receive  attention  are  the  cleaning  and 
scouring  of  woodland  ditches,  renovating  of  cul- 
verts and  gratings,  clearing  and  repairing  of  roads 
and  walks,  making  and  storing  of  faggots  for  use 
during  winter,  preventing  the  depredations  of  insect 
life  on  young  Pine  trees,  staking  and  tying  of  badly- 
rooted  specimen  trees,  and  erection  and  reparation  of 
tree  guards  and  rabbit  proof  nettings  and  fences. 
Hedge  cutting  should  go  on  briskly  and  be  got  well 
in  hand  during  the  month  ;  "  rubbing  in "  and 
"cutting  over"  being  deTerred  till  time  allows  of  its 
being  done  later  on.  Hand-weed  or  hoe  and  rake 
the  ground  along  the  line  of  fence,  being  careful  at 
the  same  time  to  clear  out  all  rubbish  from  the 
interior  of  the  hedge,  and  to  cut  back  all  over- 
hanging branches  of  neighbouring  trees.  Burn  the 
rubbish  so  collected  and  spread  the  ashes  over 
the  adjoining  ground.  In  all  cases  it  is  wise 
policy  to  burn  the  clippings  of  hedges,  those  from 
the  Yew,  Laurel,  and  Rhododendron  being  especially 
hurtful  to  farm  stock,  their  deleterious  qualities 
being  considerably  enhanced  when  in  a  half- 
decayed  state.  Look  well  to  fences  alongside  pasture 
grounds,  and  prevent  cattle  and  sheep  from  entering 


the  woods.  Fill  up  rabbit-burrows  on  woodland 
drives,  which  are  dangerous  to  hunters.  Cart  stones 
for  road  repairing  during  the  autumn  and  winter 
months. 

Make  alterations  where  necessary  on  the  lawn 
and  grounds,  such  as  levelling,  turf-laying,  &c.  ; 
and  substitute  specimen  trees  for  such  as  have  died 
out  or  become  unhealthy.  Woodland  vegetation, 
owing  to  the  damp,  dripping  season,  is  unusually 
vigorous,  and  special  care  has  had  to  be  taken  to 
prevent  young  trees  and  shrubs  from  being  entirely 
lost  sight  of  and  damaged  by  the  too  dense  shade 
afforded  by  such  tall-growing  weeds  as  the  Nettles, 
Thistles,  Burdocks,  and  Biambles.  A.  D.  IVcbsSer, 
rcnihyn  Cas/k,  North  Wales. 


'?  J 


\m\i   ||Ei|fcii 


RE\OV.\TIMG  VINES. 

If  the  Vines  from  which  the  crop  has  been  taken 
have  not  yielded  satisfactory  results,  the  present  is 
a  good  time  to  examine  the  roots,  with  a  view  to 
ascertaining  and  correcting  the  cause  of  their  unsatis- 
factory condition  ;  but  before  proceeding  with  this 
operation  a  sufficient  quantity  of  suitable  soil  for 
carrying  out  the  work  should  be  got  in  readiness,  so 
that  the  process  of  lifting  and  relaying  the  roots  in 
congenial  soil  may  be  completed  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible. The  compost  should  be  in  the  proportion  of 
five  cartloads  of  calcareous  loam,  one  load  of  wood 
ashes,  one  load  of  lime  rubble,  one  load  of  horse- 
droppings,  I  cwt.  of  Thompson's  Vine  and  plant 
manure,  and  about  4  bushels  of  fresh  dry  soot.  This 
being  ready,  the  lifting  of  the  Vine  roots  should  be 
carefully  proceeded  with  by  removing  the  soil  with 
the  assistance  of  four-pronged  forks  and  shovels, 
taking  care  to  injure  the  roots  as  little  as  possible  in 
doing  so.  The  roots,  as  much  to  facilitate  the  work 
of  lifting  and  re-planting  as  to  prevent  them  from 
being  injured,  should  be  tied  separately  together — 
that  is,  the  roots  of  the  individual  Vines— in  a 
damp  mat,  to  keep  them  fresh  while  the  exhausted 
and,  perhaps  sour,  soil  is  being  removed  from  the 
drainage.  The  latter,  if  found  defective,  should  be 
re-arranged,  and  covered  with  a  layer  of  turf,  grassy 
side  down. 

The  process  of  re-planting  the  Vines  may  then  be 
proceeded  with,  and  as  the  soil  will  subside  some  6  or 
7  inches  within  as  many  weeks  from  the  time  of 
planting,  allowance  to  that  extent  should  be  made  in 
forming  the  border.  Then  untie  the  roots,  and 
spread  them  out  regularly  over  the  surface  of  the 
border,  which  should  have  a  fill  of  a  couple  of  inches 
from  the  bases  of  the  Vines  to  the  opposite  side,  at 
the  same  time  cutting  olT  any  portion  of  the  roots  that 
may  have  been  damaged  in  being  lifted,  and  shorten 
back  the  points  of  all  the  roots  more  or  less  according 
to  their  length  and  strength.  Incisions  should  also 
be  made  with  a  sharp  knife  about  the  base  of  the 
individual  Vines,  and  longitudinally  on  the  strongest 
and  somewhat  bare  roots,  to  encourage  the  emission 
of  young  fibrous  roots  ;  these  places  should  be  covered 
with  sand,  then  with  5  inches  thick  of  the  same  soil 
as  that  forming  the  border.  This  done,  give  the 
whole  sufficient  tepid  water  to  settle  the  soil  about  the 
roots,  and  then  a  surface-dressing  of  3  inches  thick  of 
rotten  dung,  and  over  this,  if  the  border  be  an  outside 
one,  18  to  20  inches  thick  of  Oak  or  Chestnut  leaves 
as  soon  as  they  can  be  obtained.  The  leaves,  in 
order  to  prevent  them  from  being  blown  away,  should 
be  covered  with  long  staple  dung. 

From  the  time  the  lifting  of  the  roots  is  proceeded 
with  until  they  have  been  re-planted  and  the  roots 
have  pushed  well  into  the  new  soil  the  Vines  should 
be  shaded  (heavily  at  first)  from  bright  sunshine,  with 
a  view  to  retaining  the  leaves  on  the  Vines  until  they 
have  performed  their  ordinary  functions,  and  in  fur- 
therance of  this  object  the  Vines  should  be  syringed 
two  or  three  times  a  day  during  the  interval  from  lift- 
ing the  roots  until  the  fall  of  the  leaf.  Vines  thus 
treated  should  be  allowed  to  come  on  in  their  own 
time  next  year,  that  is,  to  start  into  growth  naturally 
about  the  end  of  March  cr  early  in  April,  and,  if 
managed  with  ordinary  skill  during  the  various 
stages  of  their  growth,  from  the  disbudding  to  the 
thinning  of  the  bunches,  &c.,  they  will  be  capable  of 
ripening  a  better  crop  of  Grapes  next  autumn  than 
they  did  this.  But  the  Vines  should  be  cropped 
lightly  notwithstanding,  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford 
Caslk, 


ROSE  CUTTINGS. 

Cuttings  of  hybrid  perpetual  Roses  may  now  be 
put  in  ;  from  now  till  the  middle  of  October  is  the  most 
suitable  time  for  striking.  Any  good  garden  soil  will 
suit  them,  and  if  a  little  sharp  sand  be  added,  it  will 
hasten  the  rooting  process.  Secure  the  strongest 
shoots  which  spring  from  the  bottom  of  the  plants, 
twist  them  off  with  a  heel  in  preference  to  cutting 
them  off  with  a  knife.  Trim  the  heels  with  a  sharp 
knife,  but  do  not  cut  more  than  is  necessary.  Shorten 
the  cuttings  to  the  lengths  of  from  9  to  12  inches  ; 
cut  off  a  notch  with  a  spade  as  for  the  reception  of 
Box  edging  ;  place  the  cuttings  about  8  inches  apart, 
replace  the  soil,  and  tread  down  firmly.  Some  slight 
protection  should  be  given  them  during  severe 
weather,  and  by  the  middle  of  summer  they  will  be 
able  to  take  care  of  themselves.  Teas,  Bourbons,  and 
Chinas,  may  be  similarly  dealt  with,  only  they  must 
have  the  protection  of  glass,  but  no  artificial  heat  is 
necessary,  as  it  is  rather  injurious  at  this  season  of  the 
year. 

Flower  Beds. 

Much  attention  will  now  be  necessary  to  keep  the 
flower  beds  clear  of  decaying  flowers  and  leaves. 
Where  such  subjects  as  Pelargoniums  are  becoming 
crowded,  the  removal  of  a  few  leaves  from  the  plants 
will  admit  light  and  air,  and  keep  them  from  damp- 
ing off. 

Lawns,  &c. 

Sweeping  of  lawns,  to  clear  them  of  leaves  and 
worm  casts  will  now  require  constant  attention. 
Brush  and  roll  walks  when  rains  occur  to  keep  them 
firm  and  smooth.  Win,  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo 
Garden:. 


"P1.AJST3  AND  THEIR  f  ULTUF(E. 


GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
The  housing  of  these  should  now  be  completed  as 
soon  as  possible,  the  unsettled  state  of  the  weather  ren- 
dering it  absolutely  necessary;  if  delayed  perhaps  only 
for  a  few  days  choice  hard-wooded  plants  may  receive 
irreparable  injury.  Presuming  the  houses  have  had  a 
thorough  good  cleaning,  glass  washed  inside  and  out, 
and  painting  having  been  done  where  necessary, 
commence  arranging  by  placing  the  choicest  and  best 
plants  in  a  prominent  position  near  the  glass,  avoiding 
overcrowding.  It  is  better  to  stand  specimens  out 
first,  and  arrange  a  small  or  half  specimen  between 
them ;  this  allows  the  light  and  air  to  pass  about 
them  more  equally.  It  will  be  found  that  the  plants 
will  require  more  water  at  the  roots  after  staging 
than  when  outside  or  standing  on  ashes  under  tem- 
porary shelter.  A  dry  heat  in  the  houses  is  to  be 
guarded  against ;  a  few  dampings  down  and  the 
ventilators  fully  open  will  regulate  this.  For  a  few 
weeks  keep  a  sharp  look-out  for  mildew  ;  if  left  for  a 
few  days  it  makes  rapid  headway.  Azaleas  will  do 
very  well  in  early  Peach  or  Plum  houses  for  a  time,  if 
a  house  is  not  devoted  to  them.  Pay  strict  attention 
to  watering;  if  neglected  at  this  stage  the  lower 
foliage  will  soon  show  the  effects,  and  become 
unsightly  objects  ;  on  the  other  hand,  if  too  much 
water  is  given,  it  is  likely  to  excite  them  into  growth, 
often  sacrificing  the  blooming  buds. 

Tea  Roses  which  have  been  stood  out-of-doors, 
potted  or  top-dressed,  as  advised  in  former  Calen- 
dars, will  by  this  time  have  got  nicely  hold  of  the 
new  soil,  and  be  making  a  good  break  of  free  growths. 
If  wanted  for  use  at  the  end  of  October  or  early  in 
November,  the  plants  should  be  looked  over  now, 
and  the  best  and  freest  plants  selected  for  the  first 
batch.  The  growths  must  be  thinned  out  if  at  all 
crowded,  or  if  any  weak,  exhausted  shoots  not 
capable  of  carrying  blooms  are  to  be  seen  they  should 
be  removed.  I  never  cut  back  our  Teas,  but  merely 
thin  out,  so  as  to  let  the  foliage  have  room  to  fully 
develope  itself.  Any  training  which  is  required 
should  be  seen  to  now.  We  grow  ours  on  balloons 
and  pyramids  for  convenience  of  shifting.  Pick  cfif 
all  old  foliage  and  surface,  and  clean  the  pots  and 
tubs  before  taking  them  indoors.  I  generally  fill  half 
the  house  at  first  ;  the  other  part  suits  the  early  varie- 
ties of  Azaleas,  Arums,  Liliums,  &c.  If  mildew 
shows  itself,  dust  the  plants  affected  at  once  with 
sulphur,  with  a  little  fine  sifted  lime  mixed  with  it. 
A.  Evans, lylhe  Hill,  Haslcmere. 


368 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEPTEMBER    l8,    1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 


r  Royal  Horticullural  Society  :    MeetinRS  of 


SatubdaV,       Sept,  ?5 


and    Floral     Comrr 


„     .         j  Sale  ol  butch  Bulbs,  at  ProtheroefiiMorti 

S'l"  »3  \      Rooms. 

,;  I  Sale  of  I  IT  ported  Orchids,  at  Prothcroe 

-ept   24  ^       Morris' Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  at  Stcveits'  Rooms, 
Sale  ol  Dutch  Bulbs. at  Protheroe  &  Morri 


UNTIL  recent  years  the  Prices  which  the 
various  kinds  of  Garden  Produce 
realised  were  such  as  to  leave  little  doubt  that 
market  gardening  in  this  country  was  a  fairly 
remunerative  occupation,  notwithstanding  that 
the  market  growers,  in  common  with  all  who  are 
engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  labour 
under  uncertainties  that  do  not  exist  in  less 
variable  climates.  Moreover,  the  return  in  the 
case  of  most  things  with  which  the  grower  has 
to  deal  is  necessarily  slower  than  in  the  case  of 
a  good  many  of  the  commodities  that  go  to 
supply  the  wants  of  the  community.  By  far 
the  greater  number  of  crops  represent  the  work 
of  a  year,  or,  at  all  events  of  the  growing  season, 
which  amounts  to  much  the  same  thing.  But 
matters  have  changed,  and  for  some  years 
prices,  as  regards  fruit,  flowers,  and  most  kinds 
of  culinary  vegetables,  have  fallen  lower  until 
they  have  now  reached  a  figure  that  can- 
not be  misunderstood.  Vegetables,  especi- 
ally the  commoner  kinds,  like  all  things  that 
partake  of  the  character  of  necessaries 
generally  sell  better  in  proportion  than  other 
things,  as  the  demand  for  them  is  steadier.  It 
is  hartily  necessary  to  say  that  the  prices  which 
the  consumer  pays  are  not  by  any  means  to  be 
always  taken  as  a  guide  to  those  which  the 
growers  have  to  be  content  with.  But  when 
the  retail  price  comes  down  to  that  which  it 
has  now  reached  for  many  things,  it  is  evident 
that  the  growers'  share  cannot  even  have 
covered  the  cost  of  production,  leaving  any- 
thing in  the  shape  of  profit  out  of  the  question. 
Take  Grapes  for  instance  ;  in  some  of  the 
shops  in  the  West  End  of  London,  good 
Muscats,  quite  ripe,  and  much  better  coloured 
than  they  are  usually  met  with  in  August  were 
selling  lately  for  3^.  per  pound,  whilst  Black 
Hamburghs,  equal  in  quality  were  offered  at 
from  2J.  to  2i.  6</.  Muscats  ripe  at  the  time 
named  would  have  to  be  pushed  on  with  con- 
tinuous fireheat  from  the  time  the  Vines  were 
started,  and  the  Hamburghs  would  also  require 
assistance  in  this  way  for  a  considerable 
period.  Bearing  in  mind  the  rents  and  rates 
that  shopkeepers  in  London  have  to  pay,  and 
that  they  are  dealing  in  a  perishable  article, 
and  a  luxury  that  people  can  dispense  with, 
it  is  not  difficult  to  guess  how  much  of  the 
above  prices  would  represent  the  retailer's  share, 
probably  not  less  than  one-half.  To  a  certainty 
if  he  got  the  Grapes  for  nothing  the  whole 
amount  would  not  be  equal  to  the  profits  he 
would  have  been  able  to  get  out  of  similar 
productions  a  few  years  back.  As  a  further 
evidence  of  the  miserably  low  price  that  Grapes 
of  the  first  quality  are  now  sold  for,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  the  crop  of  Black  Hamburghs 
grown  this  year  by  one  of  the  most  successful 
exhibitors,  and  one  who  has  this  season  taken  a 
number  of  1st  prizes  with  this  variety,  was  dis- 
posed of  for  IS.  per  pound  for  the  crop. 

Strawberries  were  not  more  than  half  a  crop 
in  the  leading  market  districts  where  they  are 
grown  in  quantity,  consequently  they  sold  better 
than  last  year,  when  scores  of  tons  did  not  fetch 
the  cost  of  picking  and  marketing  ;  but  still 
this  season  the  prices  realised  were  far  from 
making  up  for  the  short  supply. 


Raspberries,  which,  taking  one  season  with 
another,  fluctuate  less  in  value  than  other  fruits, 
were  this  season  such  a  drug  that  quantities 
were  left  ungalhered. 

Gooseberries  and  Currants  were  plentiful, 
and  so  cheap  this  year  in  most  parts  of  the 
country  as  to  be  scarcely  worth  gathering.  In 
London  Gooseberries  got  down  to  a  penny 
per  pound,  and  Currants  to  three  halfpence. 
In  some  of  the  large  provincial  towns  Goose- 
berries were  as  low  as  iS  lb.  for  a  shilling. 

Plums  this  season  present  the  unusual  feature 
of  yielding  again  an  immense  crop  after  bearing 
abundantly  last  year.  All  kinds,  the  shy  fruit- 
ing Green  Gages  included,  are  heavily  laden, 
the  fruit  in  most  cases  being  of  finer  quality 
than  usual.  As  might  be  expected,  the  result  ol 
this  is  that  Plums  are  a  complete  drug,  so  much 
so  that  some  of  the  Kent  growers  have  given 
up  gathering,  finding  that  the  price  they  fetch 
will  not  pay  the  expenses  of  gathering. 

Pears  are  this  season  more  than  usually  un- 
even, some  kinds  bearing  full  crops,  whilst 
others  are  all  but  fruitless. 

Apples  in  most  places  are  scarce  ;  in  a  few 
localities  they  are  fairly  plentiful. 

Verily  growers  of  hardy  fruit,  as  well  as  those 
who  cultivate  the  tender  kinds  under  glass,  are 
having  a  bad  time  of  it.  Nor  is  the  outlook  in 
the  future  at  all  encouraging,  for  notwithstand- 
ing the  statements  that  are  so  persistently  given 
by  some  as  to  the  advantages  that  maybe  realised 
by  growing  more  fruit,  it  is  evident  that,  as 
regards  most  of  the  hardy  sorts  in  seasons 
when  the  crop  is  large,  the  supply  is  much 
greater  than  the  demand  ;  and  with  the  kinds 
that  are  grown  under  glass,  the  prices  now  are 
continuously  such  as  to  leave  the  growers  only 
an  infinitesimal  balance,  or  no  balance  at  all, 
after  the  cost  of  production  is  covered. 

The  growers  of  vegetables  find  themselves 
similarly  placed.  The  depression  in  agriculture 
has  caused  farmers,  residing  within  a  reasonable 
distance  of  the  large  towns,  to  turn  their  hold- 
ings into  half  market  gardens,  the  outcome 
being,  that  through  a  good  part  of  the  season 
vegetables  (excepting  the  various  kinds  of  roots 
that  will  keep)  make  prices  that  leave  little 
profit.  Here  again  the  home  grower  of  Potatos, 
Cabbage,  Peas,  Turnips,  Carrots,  French  Beans, 
Lettuces,  Radishes,  and  other  things,  finds  that 
his  earliest  produce,  which  used  to  make  up  for 
the  low  prices  he  has  to  take  in  the  middle  of 
the  season  does  not  fetch  more  than  half  what  it 
did  in  times  past.  Not  the  least  disagree- 
able feature  of  all  this  is  that,  in  common  with 
everything  the  land  produces,  there  are  no 
prospects  of  garden  produce  making  prices 
that  will  fairly  remunerate  the  home  growers. 
The  cut  flower  trade  is  in  no  better  case,  as  we 
shall  show  in  a  future  article. 


Any  one  acquainted  with  Dahlias  who 
made  a  critical  examination  of  the  flowers 
exhibited  at  the  Crystal  Palace  on  the  3d  and 
4th  inst ,  must  have  been  led  to  acknowledge 
there  is  urgent  need  for  a  new  classification  ; 
or  else  an  entire  reform  in  the  making  of  a 
schedule  of  prizes.  Who  can  venture  to  say 
what  is,  and  what  is  not,  a  show  or  a  fancy 
Dahlia  ?  The  one  now  touches  the  other  so 
nearly,  that  those  those  who  know  the  flowers 
best  hesitate  to  authoritatively  state  whether  a 
certain  variety  is  a  show,  or  a  fancy  flower.  But 
these  are  the  two  main  heads  under  which  ex- 
hibition Dahlias  are  divided,  and  they  have  ex- 
isted for  years  past.  That  in  the  early  days  of  the 
development  of  the  fancy  varieties  they  were 
of  inferior  merit,  cannot  be  doubted,  and  that  is 
probably  the  reason  why  they  were  grouped 
under  a  separate  classification.  But  in  these 
days  of  progress,  the  fancy  Dahlia  has  quite 
overtaken  the  show  Dahlia  in  point  of  size, 
symmetry,  shape  of  petal,  perfection  of  outline, 
height  of  centre,  &c.,  and  he  would  be  a  bold  as- 


serter  who  ventured  to  say  that  in  these  respects 
the  fancy  varieties  are  inferior  to  the  others. 
Add  to  this  the  indisputable  fact  that  it  is  diffi- 
cult in  the  case  of  a  few  flowers  to  say  with  cer- 
tainty whether  they  should  be  classed  with  the 
showor  fancy  types  ;  and  then  the  question  arises. 
Is  the  old  classification  worth  retaining  any 
longer? 

Under  the  present  system  two  or  more  dis- 
tinct colours  (if  the  variegation  is  in  the  form  of 
stripes  or  flakes)  are  essential  to  a  fancy 
Dahlia ;  but  the  arrangement  of  the  colours, 
whether  the  light  or  the  dark  preponderate,  is 
sufficient  to  constitute  the  flower  a  show  or  a 
fancy  variety.  The  fact  is,  the  division  is  regu- 
lated by  the  relative  position  of  the  colours. 
Now,  if  any  flower  having  a  white,  blush,  pale, 
sulphur,  or  yellow  ground,  be  edged,  tipped,  or 
laced  with  a  dark  colour,  it  is  classed  with  the 
show  varieties  ;  but  when  the  disposition  of  the 
colours  is  reversed,  when  the  ground-colour  of 
the  flower  is  dark,  and  it  is  edged  or  tipped 
with  a  lighter  colour,  then  it  is  classed  as  a 
fancy  Dahlia.  Now,  this  is  very  arbitrary,  and 
confusion  is  created  by  the  appearance  of 
flowers  having  their  colours  so  disposed  that  it 
is  difficult  to  assign  their  proper  classification. 
A  light  flower,  for  instance,  may  have  a  distinct 
tip  or  edging  of  purple,  and  it  is  a  show 
Dahlia  ;  but  let  the  purple  be  in  the  form  of 
flakes  or  stripes,  and  then  it  would  be  included 
among  the  fancy  varieties.  A  well-known  show 
Dahlia,  named  Flag  of  Truce,  is  sometimes 
almost  white,  at  other  times  delicately  tipped 
with  lilac. 

At  the  recent  Crystal  Palace  show  a  flower  of 
this  variety,  in  which  the  purple  appeared  longi- 
tudinally on  the  petals  in  the  form  of  stripes  or 
flakes,  was  shown  in  a  stand  of  six  fancy 
Dahlias,  and  awarded  a  prize.  Fancy  Dahlias 
will  often  sport  to  a  self  form,  and  the  flowers 
are  admissible  for  exhibition  as  show  Dahlias  ; 
but  should  a  show  flower — say  a  crimson  self 
— sport  in  the  case  of  one  or  two  petals  only  to 
an  edged  or  tipped  form,  with  the  darker 
colour  at  the  base,  and  its  appearance  in  a 
stand  of  show  flowers  would  lead  to  disqualifi- 
cation. On  the  other  hand,  a  fancy  variety  that 
has  sported  to  a  self  form,  if  it  retains  only  two 
or  three  petals  marked  with  the  true  fancy 
character,  it  is  admissible  on  a  stand  of  fancy 
Dahlias,  though  its  presence  would  weaken  it  to 
some  extent,  but  not  disqualify  it.  So  much 
confusion  exists  as  to  what  constitutes  a  fancy 
Dahlia  that  in  not  a  few  provincial  shows  all 
tipped  flowers  are  regarded  as  fancies,  and  the 
show  flowers  are  the  self-coloured  or  shaded 
varieties. 

We  venture  to  suggest,  as  a  basis  for  a  new 
classification  of  Dahlias,  that  the  old  divisions 
of  show  and  fancy  should  be  abandoned,  and 
that  both  should  be  included  under  the  head  of 
exhibition  Dahlias.  Then  four  classes  might 
be  created  as  follows  : — Self  Dahlias,  such  as 
are  of  one  colour  and  unshaded  ;  as  illustrations 
take  Cardinal,  Criterion,  James  Service,  John 
Standish,  Leah,  Mrs.  Henshaw,  and  Vice 
President.  Shaded  Dahlias,  in  which  the  self 
ground  colour  is  shaded  with  something  lighter 
or  darker,  but  not  distinctly  tipped  or  edged, 
such  as  Burgundy,  Herbert  Turner,  Imperial, 
Prince  Bismarck,  and  Prince  of  Denmark  ;  and 
tipped  Dahlias,  to  include  all  tipped  flowers  ; 
and  striped  Dahlias,  all  that  are  distinctly 
striped  and  flaked.  There  are  some  Dahlias 
among  the  fancies  that  are  both  tipped  and 
striped,  and  these  might  be  included  among  the 
tipped  flowers,  unless  the  tip  is  faint  and  uncer- 
tain. 

Were  this,  or  some  such  classification,  at- 
tempted, schedules  of  prizes  would  have  to  be 
re-cast  ;  but  that  is  a  matter  that  can  soon  be 
arranged.  Prizes  could  be  offered  for  collec- 
tions of  blooms  comprehended  under  the  fore- 
going  headings,  antJ    the  general   public  who 


370 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(September  iS,  iSS6. 


attend  Dahlia  shows  would  be  in  a  better  posi- 
tion to  make  selections  of  favourite  flowers,  and 
have  a  clearer  understanding  of  their  charac- 
teristics and  place  in  the  several  divisions.  But 
what  organisation  or  individual  will  inaugurate 
a  new  classification  ?    That  is  the  rub  ! 


Ornamental  Conifers.— One  of  the  most 

interesting  and  Etriking  exhibits  at  the  recent  Pro- 
vincial Show  at  Liverpool,  was  constituted  by  the  fine 
griup  of  Conifers  exhibited  by  Messrs.  \V.  Barron  & 
Sons,  of  Klvaston  Nurseries,  Borrowash  (fig.  75).  The 
trees  were  placed  against  the  tent,  to  the  entry  to 
which  they  formed  a  striking  adjunct.  Among  the 
specimens  were  fine  representatives  ol  Abies  Douglasi, 
var.  glauca,  which  is  said  to  be  hardier  than  the 
common  form.  Retinospora  tetragona  aurea,  a  hand- 
some pyramidal  or  columnar  variety,  with  golden 
foliage,  and  which  is  stated  to  do  well,  even  in  such 
unfavourable  localities  as  are  afforded  by  the  colliery 
districts.  Tsuga  Sieboldi  has  the  advantage  of  starting 
later  in  spring  than  others  of  its  class.  Cupressus 
Lawsonlana  ghuca  is  noteworthy  for  being  a  good 
grower  and  of  good  habit.  C.  L.  intertexta  is  known 
as  one  of  the  most  elegant  of  its  class.  Barron's 
Golden  Vew  was  represented  by  specimens  rich  in 
foliage  and  of  good  pyramidal  habit.  The  true  Abies 
(or  Picea)  concolor  was  shown  in  good  specimens,  as 
also  A.  brachyphylla,  which  bids  fair  to  be  as  hardy 
as  A.  Nordmanniana  and  even  more  handsome. 
These  are  only  a  few  of  the  striking  specimens  of 
which  this  fine  group  was  composed. 

"Illustrations  of  British  Fungi."— Dr. 

M.  C.  Cooke  has  lately  issued  the  forty- third  part  of 
his  useful  Illuslraliom  of  British  Fungi,  The 
number  of  plates  now  amounts  to  686,  descriptions  of 
the  several  species  figured  being  given  in  the  conse- 
cutive numbers  of  Grcvillta. 

Insects  injurious  to  Fruit  Crops.— Mr. 

Charles  Whitehead  has  published,  for  the  Agril 
cultural  Department  of  the  Privy  Council,  a  report  on 
the  insects  injurious  to  fruit  crops,  containing  de- 
scriptions and  figures  of  the  commoner  insects  attack- 
ing fruit  trees,  such  as  it  has  been  the  practice  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  to  give  from  its  first  foundation 
till  now  ;  John  Curtis  and  J.  O.  Westwood, 
indeed,  have  supplied  most  of  the  authentic  informa- 
tion on  this  subject.  It  is  an  exceedingly  useful 
thing  to  circulate  this  information  in  so  convenient  a 
form  as  the  present— the  more  so,  as  much  space  is 
given  to  the  important  questions  concerning  preven- 
tion and  remedies. 

Botanical  Collectors.— Prof.  MacOwan, 

of  Cape  Town,  recently  addressed  the  South  African 
Philosophical  Society  on  the  work  done  by  collectors 
in  South  Africa,  such  as  TnuNnERG,  Drege,  Bur- 
chell,  Ecklon,  Zevher,  Pappe,  Harney,  and 
others,  whose  work  is  probably  better  known  and 
appreciated  here  than  on  the  spot.  Happily  these 
men  have  left  able  successors. 

_ Silkworm    Culture.  —  Dr.   Riley   has 

issued  a  sixth  edition  of  his  Manual  of  Instructions 
for  those  who  desire  to  devote  themselves  to  this 
branch  of  industry.  The  work  is  published  at  the 
Washington  Government  Printing  Office,  and  is 
replete  with  information  on  silkworms,  their  habits, 
diseases,  and  management,  as  well  as  the  preparation 
of  the  silk.  It  appears  that  in  the  United  States  the 
leaves  of  the  Osage  Orange  (Madura  aurantiaca)  may 
be  used  as  food  for  the  worms  as  advantageously  as 
those  of  the  white  Mulberry. 

Cactus  Dahlias.  —  Those  who  object  to 

the  "lumpy,  inelegant  "  Dahlia  may  now  take  their 
choice  from  the  more  refined  single  Dahlias,  or  the 
more  pictural  "Cactus"  varieties.  One  such  is  be- 
fore us  from  Mr.  Cannell  in  the  shape  of  a  flower 
nearly  5  inches  across,  and  with  row  after  row  of  flat 
petals  of  the  richest  crimson-scarlet,  not  formally  and 
severely  packed,  but  lightly  thrown  together  in  care- 
less order,  allowing  the  light  to  pass  through  their 
brilliant  surfaces  as  through  a  mediceval  stained  glass 
window,  and  securing  endless  diversities  of  light  and 
shade,  multitudes  of  curves  and  adaptations  which 
invite  sympathy  and  confer  interest,  because  they  tell 
of  the  contest  for  light  and  air,  of  the  struggle  for 
supremacy,  or  of  mutual  accommodation  and  judicious 
compromise ;  in  a  word,  they  show  that  the  flower  is 


a  sentient  being,  with  a  history  worth  studying, — a 
great  contrast  to  the  florists'  Dahlia,  from  which  life 
and  individuality  seem  stamped  out  to  be  replaced  by 
a  piece  of  artificial  mechanism  with  a  pretiy  com- 
plexion but  no  mind  !  At  the  same  lime  came  some 
splendid  blooms  from  Cork  of  Mr.  Hartland's  Old 
Dahlia  with  very  richly  coloured  flowers  and  reflexed 
petals. 

Begonia  lucida  var.  rosea.— Lately  we 

saw  this  plant  with  its  bright  red  coloured  flowers  in 
what  might  .almost  be  described  as  perfection,  at  M. 
Schlumberger's  establishment  near  Rouen.  What 
a  floriterous  variety  it  is,  too!  M.  Schlu.viberger 
assured  us  that  since  1S5S  it  had  never  once  been 
without  a  llower.  That  surely  is  enough  to  recom- 
mend it  for  general  cultivation  in  the  greenhouse 
where  a  continuation  of  bloom  for  effect  is  desired. 

Cypripedium  Sanderianum.— This  extra- 
ordinary new  Cypripedium  is  now  in  bloom  at 
Messr.=.  Veitch's  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  and 
proves  to  be  one  of  the  most  quaint  and  distinct  of 
the  genus.  The  shape  of  the  pouch  is  much  like  that 
of  C.  Stonei,  but  is  of  a  greenish  bronze  colour ;  the 
dorsal  sepal  is  beautifully  striped  with  chocolate- 
crimson  on  a  yellowish  green  ground,  and  the  petals, 
which  form  the  most  striking  feature  in  the  flower,  are 
thrown  back  near  the  column,  then  extended  spirally 
downwards,  and  ultimately  elongated  after  the  manner 
of  C-  caudatum,  the  tails  extending  from  i.J  to  2  feet 
in  length  ;  in  colour  they  resemble  Masdevallia 
chima:ra  (crimson  and  yellowish-white)  at  the  broadest 
part,  the  narrow  tails  being  brownish-crimson.  The 
plant  may  be  pronounced  a  decided  and  welcome 
acquisition.  Messrs.  Veitch  also  have  a  very  extra- 
ordinary and  handsome  nondescript  in  bloom,  of 
which  we  shall  have  more  to  say  later  on. 

"Why    Should     London     Wait?"  — 

Abroad,  in  France,  we  see  every  little  odd  corner 
phnted,  no  matter  where  it  may  be,  and  one  is 
always  tumbling  on  little  plots  of  a  very  few  yards 
square,  having  a  brilliant  display  of  plants  and 
flowers  ;  scarlet  r.;largoniums,  Ageratums,  Coleus, 
Musas,  &c.,  being  the  favourites  for  bedding  purposes, 
and  more  often  than  not  there  is  a  background  of 
evergreen  shrubs.  All  this  is  displayed  by  a  ground- 
work of  grass,  not  gravel ;  and  so  many  otherwise 
dingy  corners  are  made  into  pleasing  spots  by  a  few 
plants.  Surely  something  of  this  kind  could  be  done 
in  London.  Are  there  not  any  odd  street  corners 
which  could  be  so  treated  ?  The  smoke  is  perhaps 
too  powerful  in  some  parts  of  London,  but  there  are 
others  where  that  objection  hardly  exists.  'Tis  true 
that  of  late  years  something  has  been  done,  but  is  it 
enough  .'  Are  there  not  still  some  spaces  railed  in 
and  covered  with  flag-stones  instead  of  flowers  ? 

Royal  Agricultural  and  Botanic  So- 
ciety of  Ghent. —We  are  informed  that  this 
Society  will  hold  an  exhibition  of  Chrysanthemums, 
to  be  opened  on  Monday,  November  8.  This  exhi- 
bition is  to  be  an  international  one,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  will  be  successful.  It  is  requested  that  entries 
be  sent  in  before  November  I.  There  will  be  held  in 
connection  and  on  the  same  day  as  the  show  a 
meeting  of  the  "  Chambre  Syndicale." 

Abroma  AUGUSTA.  —  Amongst   the   many 

things  that  compete  for  a  place  in  the  stove  this  one 
seems  to  enjoy  but  a  short-lived  reputation,  when  it 
gets  discarded  probably  to  make  room  for  some  new 
comer.  It  was  originally  introduced  as  early  as  1770, 
and  was  the  Theobroma  augusta  of  Linnxus. 
Although  so  nearly  allied  to  the  Chocolate-tree,  its 
fruit  is  quite  useless  for  the  same  purpose,  as  implied 
in  the  more  modern  generic  name  now  used,  and 
which  signifies  that  it  is  unfit  for  food,  while  Theo- 
broma means  food  fit  for  the  gods.  In  its  native 
home  in  the  East  Indies  it  attains  the  size  of  a  small 
tree,  and  is  of  some  importance  economically  for 
cordage-making  purposes.  In  Britain,  however,  it 
proves  wonderfully  accommodating  in  houses  of  pre- 
scribed area,  and  flowers  more  or  less  freely  when 
only  2  or  3  feet  high.  A  plant  has  been  flowering  for 
some  time  in  the  stove  at  Kew,  although  it  does  not 
exceed  the  latter  height.  The  lower  leaves  are  large 
and  handsome,  palmately  five  to  seven  lobed,  with  a 
cordate  base  and  ovate,  less  divided  towards  the  apex 
of  the  branches  and  amongst  the  flowers.  The  latter 
are  nodding,  notwithstanding  the  open  and  turned-up 
flower  in  the  figure  in  the  Botanical  Register,  vi., 


518,  which  is  drawn  in  that  position  to  show  the 
interior.  The  corolla  is  purple,  and  presents  a 
peculiar  appearance  when  its  structure  is  examined, 
on  account  of  the  diUted  and  saccate  base  of  the 
petals. 

L'.N'DERCLiFF  Horticultural  Society.— 

The  second  show  of  the  season  held  in  connec- 
tion with  this  Society  took  place  lately  at  Steephill 
Castle,  Ventnor,  and  proved  a  complete  success.  The 
exhibits  were  not  so  numerous ;  but  they  were  of 
exceeding  fine  culture,  especially  the  fruit  and  vege- 
tables. Three  large  tents  were  utilised  for  the  exhibits. 
The  first  thing  which  drew  attention  were  the  cut 
flowers,  theartistic  arrangementsof  three  large  baskets, 
exhibited  by  Mijor  D.  A.  Hambrough,  Mr.  A.  E. 
Day,  and  D.  Norton,  Esq.,  being  wonderfully  fine. 
Messrs.  Drover  &  Son,  florists,  Ventnor,  also 
showed  some  very  choice  Pelargoniums  Dahlias, 
Verbenas,  bouquets,  lady-sprays,  &c.  Mr.  Miles, 
gardener  to  Lady  HuTT,  of  Appley  Towers,  Ryde, 
and  Mr.  Frapp,  Niton,  gave  every  satisfaction  in 
their  decision  as  judges.  Mr.  T.  H.  Clough,  the 
popular  secretary,  helped  materially  to  the  success  of 
the  show. 

Hybrid  Ashes.— In  the  Deuluhe  Garten- 

zeitung  for  the  current  month.  Dr.  G.  DiECK  describes 
and  figures  a  couple  of  interesting  hybrid  Ashes.  The 
seed-bearing  parent  was  Fraxinus  parvifolia  and  the 
other  the  simple-leaved  form  of  the  common  Ash,  F. 
excdsiorvar.  monophylla(F.  heterophylla,  Vahl  )  Of 
twenty-seven  seedlings  raised,  no  less  than  nine  had 
simple  or  at  the  most  trifoliolate  leaves  which  in  tex- 
ture, &c.,  approached  closely  to  F.  parvifolia. 

Hardy  Flowers  from  Reading.— At  the 

annual  exhibition  of  the  Frimley,  Yorktown,  Cam- 
berley,  and  Sandhurst  Horticultural  Society  held  in 
the  grounds  of  the  Government  House  at  Sandhurst 
on  the  8th  inst.,  an  extremely  fine  display  of  hardy 
flowers  from  the  open  ground  was  made  by  Messrs. 
Sutton  &  Sons,  of  Reading.  The  value  of  this 
exhibit  was  in  the  instiuciion  it  afforded  as  to  the 
fine  and  showy  character  of  a  large  number  of  sub- 
jects obtained  from  seeds  sown  in  the  open  ground- 
subjects  not  so  often  found  in  gardens  as  they  deserve 
to  be.  They  filled  a  large  table,  and  they  were  taste- 
fully set  up  in  large  bunches,  so  that  the  individuality 
of  each  could  be  seen  to  the  best  advantage.  There 
were  annual  Chrysanthemums  in  great  variety,  the 
blue  Centaurea  cyanus  minor.  Coreopsis  tinctoria, 
Cosmidium  Burridgeanum,  single  Dihlias,  splendid 
spikes  of  Delphinium,  Dianthus  chinensis  in  variety, 
Gaillardias  of  many  types,  including  Lorenziina, 
Helichrysums  in  fine  variety,  Hollyhocks  in  spikes 
cut  from  plants  S  to  10  feet  in  height,  grown  from 
seeds  sown  in  the  open  ground  this  year;  the  pretty 
double  crimson  Jacob.-ea,  Rocket  Larkspurs,  African 
and  French  Marigolds  in  great  variety  ;  S  weet  Peas,  also 
Salpiglossis  grandillora  in  such  fine  form  as  to  set 
many  of  the  visitors  wondering  what  they  were  ; 
double  German  Scabious  of  unwonted  size  and  bril- 
liancy of  colour  ;  Sunflowers,  the  yellow,  purple,  and 
white  sweet  Sultans,  Asters  in  great  variety,  Stocks 
in  the  finest  development,  many  varieties  of  Phlox 
Drummondi  grandiflora,  spikes  of  bold  and  showy 
Gladiolus,  and  plants  of  the  striped  Japanese  Maize. 
It  was  curious  to  notice  that  the  visitors  gathered 
themselves  about  the  table  containing  these  flowers  as 
if  they  were  looking  for  the  first  lime  upon  many 
subjects  hitherto  strangers  to  them.  The  probability 
is  they  were.  They  were  treated  to  a  sight  of  many 
things  that  can  be  obtained  at  a  comparatively  small 
expense,  and  which  can  be  employed  to  make  their 
gardens  look  gay  during  the  summer  months,  and 
at  the  same  time  avoiding  the  trouble  of  keeping 
bedding  plants  through  the  winter.  This  interesting 
and  instructive  exhibition  received  the  highest  com- 
mendation the  judges  could  pass  upon  it. 

Publications  Received.— Titoro.-  Grow- 
ing, Curing,  and  Manufacturing  ;  a  Handbook  for 
Planters.  Edited  by  C.  G.  Warnford  Lock, 
F.L  S.  (London  :  E.  &  F.  N.  SPON,  125,  Strand). 
—Physioloiv  of  Plants.  By  S.  H.  Vinks,  F-R.S 
(Cambridge  :  University  Press).  —  Life  Histories  of 
Plants.  By  Professor  McAlpine.  (London  :  Swan, 
SoNNENSCHEIN&Co.  — OWorwir  des  Planles  CultivJes. 
Par  Alph.  de  Candollr.  (Paris  :  Felix  Aleau, 
108,  Boulevard  St.  Gi:tmi\n).—S:tbtrofiical  Cultiva- 
tion and  Climates.  By  R,  C.  Haldane.  (Edin- 
burgh  and  London  :  W,  Blackwood  &  Sons). 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


371 


— ^  Gardening AvpoiNTMENTS, — Mr.  E.Jones, 
late  Gardener  to  W.  Gilstrap,  E  q.,  Farnhim  I'ark, 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  has  been  engaged  as  G.irdtner  to 
H.  Cock,  Esq.,  Worcester  Court,  Worcester  Park, 
Surrey.— Mr.  James  Wfbcer,  for  over  three  years 
Gardener  at  Hardwicke  Court,  Gloucester,  has  been 
appointed  Gardener  to  G.  F.  Luttrell,  Esq  , 
Dunster  Castle,  Somerstshire.— Mr.  F.  Cai'P,  lately 
under  Jlr.  King,  The  Gardens,  Oak  Dene,  Holm- 
wood,  Surrey,  has  been  engaged  as  Head  Gardener 
by  A.  Saunders,  Esq.,  Chffs  End  Hall,  Ramsgate, 
Kent.— Mr.  \V.  T.  Wyton,  for  the  past  si.\  years 
Foreman  to  F.  W.  Grafton,  Esq.,  Heysham  Hall, 
Lincasler,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to 
Major  Bird,  Crookhey  Hall,  Cockerham,  Garstang, 
Lancashire. 


j40ME     -pOF^F^EgPONDENCE. 


Horticultural  Palace  and  Colonial  Fruit  Ex- 
hibition.  — It  may  be  of  interest  to  your  readers  to 
know  that  when  the  present  exhibition  at  South 
Kensington  is  closed,  another  will,  by  private  enter- 
prise, supersede  it.  A  freehnli  site  of  i6  acres 
has  been  bought  within  4  miles  of  Charing  Cros?, 
close  to  three  railway  stations  in  the  west  of  London, 
with  a  permanently  open  space  of  several  hundred 
acres  af^j  icent.  It  is  intended  to  establish  a  per- 
manent horticultural  and  fruit  exhibition  wilh  many 
of  the  attractions  of  the  present  exhibition,  which  will 
be  supplemented  by  a  large  hotel  ani  dinint^  cluh. 
The  plans  we  are  preparing  will  absorb  /" 200  000, 
and  wid  be  on  view  in  a  few  days  at  the  temporary 
offices,  4,  Station  Buildings,  South  Kensington.  A 
large  amount  of  the  above  sum  ha;  been  already 
promised  by  gentlemen  connected  with  the  colonies. 
The  ArchiUcts  to  the  ''  Horticultural  Palace.'^ 

Wasps. — List  spring  X  drew  attention  to  Ihe 
great  abundance  of  wasps  which  then  prevailed.  From 
other  sources  came  evidence  of  that  abundance  ; 
indeed,  the  number  of  so  called  queen  or  breeder 
wasps  was  considered  unu-mally  lar^e.  It  is  true  great 
numbers  were  destroyed,  and  thus  checked  the  forma- 
tion o(  nests;  but  even  such  destruction  could  hardly 
account  for,  in  what  seems  to  be  a  great  fruit  year,  an 
extraordinary  paucity  of  these  destructive  insects  this 
autumn  ;  at  lea-t  such  is  my  unusual  experience  here, 
for  I  have  rarely  seen  fewer  in  the  autumn  mon'.hs  ; 
indeed,  where  50  have  been  killed  sometimes  previ- 
ously, but  one  is  found  to  destroy  now.  I  shall  be 
interested  to  learn  whether  this  state  of  things  is 
getieral  [Certainly  not  in  cur  experience.  Ed],  and 
if  it  be  so  can  any  one  give  some  tangible  reason 
for  it?  Were  it  not  for  the  remarkable  preva- 
lence of  the  wasps  list  spring  it  would  naturally  b2 
assumed  that  the  long  and  partly  severe  winter 
destroyed  the  breeders.  Sime  more  satififactory 
reason  than  that  must,  however,  be  found.  Hiving 
regard  to  the  extent  of  the  plum  crnp  in  Middles-ex  it 
might  have  been  expected  that  the  insects  would 
have  been  exceedingly  active  here.  If  they  are,  then 
they  leave  me  alone.  Perhaps  others  have  too  many  ; 
perhaps  not.  Whilst  we  shall  always  prefer  the  room 
of  the  wasps  to  their  company,  yet  they  are  such  very 
familiar  acquaintances  that  some  interest  must  long 
attach  to  their  proceedings.   A,  D, 

The    marked    scarcity  of  wasps    this   season 

is  being  noticed  on  many  hands,  and  it  is  all 
the  more  remarkable  because  queen  wa^ps  were 
numerous  in  early  spring.  It  is  supposed  that  the 
cold  and  inclement  spring  weather  kill:!d  ihem  off. 
Nests  of  wai;p5  are  certainly  few  and  far  between, 
but  Mr.  Bell  of  the  Gardens,  S'.rathfieldsaye,  in- 
formed me  a  few  days  ago,  thit  hornets  were  much 
more  numerous  than  usual.  An  old  gardener  re- 
marked a  few  days  ago  that  when  there  was  a  good 
plum  year,  there  was  also  plenty  of  wasps,  but  this 
does  not  appear  to  hold  good  for  this  season.  Is 
there  as  great  a  scarcity  of  wasps  in  the  north  as  well 
as  in  the  scuth  ?  R.D. 

Epipactis  latifolia.  — It  is  difTicu't  to  see  the 
force  of  the  argument  at  p.  30S  concerning  this 
Orchid,  althouiih  it  is  quite  possible  to  have  found  it 
under  the  conditions  mentioned.  The  same  remark 
applies  in  a  more  or  less  modified  degree  to  several 
other  species  of  Orchid  as  well  as  other  plants  which 
have  come  under  rriy  observation.  That  there  should 
be  an  entire  absence  r.f  leaves  on  the  Epipac'is  this 
summer  after  hiving  flowered  so  strongly  last  year  is 
singular,  and  ought  to  be  accounted  for  m  som^  o'.her 
way  than  that  the  bud  is  recruiting  itself  underground 
before  flowermg  again.  If  the  bud  and  fleshy  hbrous 
roots  have  become  so  much  exhausted  in  the  process 
of  producing  flowerj  that  they  are  unable  to  produce 
leaves  the  following  year,  it  would  be  a  physical  im- 


possibility for  them  to  recruit  their  vigour  without  the 
aid  of  foliage,  unless  it  can  be  proved  that  the  plant 
is  either  a  parasite  on  the  ro^ts  of  something  eUe,  or  a 
saprophyte  (feeder  on  decaying  animal  or  vegetable 
matter).  Without  leaves  or  other  exposed  and 
green  parts  there  can  \>i  no  assimilation,  and  a 
parasitic  habit  does  not  yet  in  this  instance  seem  to  have 
been  demonstrafed.  I  have  detected  the  plant  in  a 
flowerless  condition  in  copses  in  the  Isle  of  White,  and 
also  on  the  Surrey  Djwns  in  similar  situations — con- 
ditions which  I  attributed  to  the  denseness  of  the 
copsewood  and  insufifiaiency  of  light.  0:her  species 
of  Orchid  seem  to  dwindle  away  in  the  same  manner 
until  they  stop  producing  leaves,  and  become,  for  all 
practical  purposes,  dormant  ;  hut  when  the  copsewood 
is  again  cleared  away,  th^y  spring  into  life  and 
activity  so  suddenly  as  to  preclude  the  idea  that  they 
have  originated  from  seeds  in  that  time.  J.  F. 

Peas,  Telephone  and  Others. — One  of  your 
correspondents  on  this  subject  says  it  must  be  owing 
to  cultivation  that  this  Pea  has  mildewed  and  other- 
wise been  unfruitful  this  season.  I  cannot  agree  to 
that.  We  cultivate  deeply  ;  the  kitchen  garden  is 
400  feet  above  sea  level,  j  acies  in  extent,  and  without 
a  buah  or  a  tree  in  it.  We  sow  some  30  quarts  and 
grow  all  the  leading  kinds,  and  usually  have  Peas  on 
the  table  five  months  in  succession,  finishing  with  the 
last  week  in  October,  and  have  gathered  the  first 
week  in  November;  so  that  when  I  said  that  this 
variety  had  failed  with  us  I  did  so  conscientiously,  and 
it  will  take  some  time  to  persuade  me  to  grow  it 
again,  and  also  its  twin  bro  her,  Telegraph,  which  I 
consider  second-rate  in  flivour.  There  is  hardly  a 
P^a  in  cultivation  in  this  country  which  we  have 
not  grown  here,  and  miny  of  them  before  they 
were  even  named  or  had  been  sent  out,  so 
that  we  know  something  of  the  subjecN  Strata- 
gem for  exposed  gardens  or  pUces  where  space 
is  a  consideration,  is  simply  a  migniticent  kind  to 
grow — a  grand  cropper  with  tine  tiivour.  Wordsley 
Wonder  is  a  kind  bat  lit'le  known — a  second  early 
and  a  very  desirable  kind,  and  many  others  which 
your  correspondents  name  are  A  I,  but  we  must 
not  discard  that  old  Pea,  Champion  of  England, 
although  (as  I  have  heard  it  was  sold  by  the  raiser 
one  Sunday  morning  for  a  quart  of  beer),  it  has  stood 
the  test  of  fifty  years  and  very  likely  will  do  so  for  the 
same  time  to  come.  Oar  N=  Pius  Ultras  are  just  be- 
ginning, five  grand  rows  without  spot  or  blemish, 
and  for  late  work  they  have  no  equal.  J.  Rust,  Erid^e 
Castle,  Sussex. 

Turnips. — I  have  hid  this  season  admirable 
evidence  of  the  value  of  new  seed  of  turnip  in  promot- 
ing quick  growth  as  compare i  with  old  seed.  Last 
year  I  sowed  old  seed  I  think  of  two  years'  saving, 
and  the  growth  was  so  slow  as  to  lose  the  season  (or 
the  production  of  bulos.  S  ime  seed  saved  from  the 
same  stocks  this  summer  (and  rather  small  seed,  too, 
for  I  had  to  pull  it  early  to  save  it  from  birds),  and 
sown  about  the  middle  ot  August,  in  spite  of  the 
heat  and  drought,  gave  a  capital  plant,  and 
the  growth,  although  the  ground  is  poor,  has  been 
remarkable.  I  could  not  wish  for  better,  having 
in  view  nice  medium-sized  bulbs  for  winter  use. 
The  sort  is  that  excellent  but  still  despised 
kind,  Yellow  Ddtch,  or  otherwise  known  as 
Orange  Jelly,  the  best-tlivoured  Turnip  we  have, 
and  quite  as  handsome  as  any.  tlowever,  its  flesh 
is  yellow  rather  than  white,  and  that  is  a  sm  not 
to  be  condoned.  The  very  earliest  maturing  Turnip 
we  have  now  seems  to  be  the  Strap-leaved  Milan, 
an  improved  Euiy  Munich,  keeping  better  and 
quite  mild.  B'or  early  use  comes  the  Eiriy  Six 
Weeks,  and  f.)r  winter  work  the  same  kind  in  mild 
situa'ions.  Will  any  experienced  seedsman,  who 
has  no  speciality  in  Turnips,  kindly  say  how  lar  the 
Six  Weeks,  Mousetail,  Snownall,  Jersey  Lily,  ditler 
or  agree,  and  if  so,  which  of  these  is  the  true  original 
appellation.  The  purple  and  green- top  Turnips 
are  rather  too  large  and  coarse  for  garden  work, 
with  the  exception  of  those  which  are  exceptionally 
early.  I  would  ask  further  is  there  a  better  winter 
garden  Turnip  than  Six  Weeks.  A.D. 

The  Origin  of  Helianthus  muUiflorus. — ^In 
Asa  Gray's  North  Amc-rican  Flora,  vol.  i.,  part  2, 
p.  2S0,  we  are  told  thit  11  multiflorus  "must  have 
been  derived  from  H.  decnpetalus,"  but  why  is  it 
not  a  hybrid  between  H.  decapetalus  and  II.  annuus, 
the  latter  being  probably  the  seed  parent?  i.  Tne 
genus  Ilelianthus  readily  produces  hybrids,  and  some 
annual  kinds,  fertilised  with  the  pollen  of  some  peren- 
nial kinds,  produce  perennial  hybrids.  H.  cucume- 
rifolius  in  my  garden  produce-!  several  forms  of 
hybrid  with  H.  doronicoides,  which  were  perennial. 
I  recorded  the  fact  at  the  time,  but  the  hybrids  were 
not  worth  preserving.  2.  I,i  its  habit  and  general 
appearance  and  its  lateness  of  flowering  11.  mulii- 
florus  re:cmble5  U.  annuus  more  than  H.  decapetalus. 
A  fine  specimen  of  II.  muUiflorus,  grown  from  a 
spring  bud  to  a  single  stalk,  and  carrying  all  its 
flowers  horizontally,  many  of  them  6  inches  across, 


may  easily  be  mistaken  at  first  sight  for  II.  annuus. 
3.  The  leaf  characters,  which  are  important  in 
Helianthus,  come  in  H.  muUiflorus  much  nearer  to 
H.  annuus  than  to  11.  decapetalus.  In  the  latter  the 
leaves  are  nearly  rhomboidal,  with  a  short  winged 
petiole,  and  sparsely  and  irregularly  serrate.  In  the 
other  two  they  are  cordate-ovate,  wi'h  a  long  free 
petiole,  and  more  densely  serrate.  Nearly  all  the 
Sunflowers,  except  annuus,  which  flowers  too  late, 
ripen  seed  here  ;  but  I  have  never  been  able  to  find  a 
seed  on  H.  muUiflorus  or  on  the  other  hybrids  men- 
tioned. If  II.  muUiflorus  is  a  development  of  H. 
decipeta'us,  where  are  the  intermediaie  forms  to  fill 
up  the  wide  gap?  The  so-called  "  major,"  *' mjxi- 
mus,"  and  "  flore-pleno,"  are  merely  different  forms 
of  the  same  development,  and  present  precisely  the 
same  leaf  and  flower  characters,  size  and  doubting 
being  mere  accidents  of  cultivation.  C,  Ifolley  Dod^ 
Ed^e  Hall,  Malpas.  [The  leaves  sent  bear  out  our 
correspondent's  statements.  As  to  H,  decapetalus, 
in  addition  to  the  characters  mentioned,  the  venation 
is  also  different,  the  secondary  veins  come  off  from 
the  midrib  at  a  more  acute  angle,  and  run  nearly  up 
to  the  margin  of  the  leaf  before  they  curve  and  break 
up  into  a  network.  The  venation  of  H.  muUiflorus 
and  H.  annuus  seems  to  be  identical.  Ed.]. 

"  Agaricus  personatus  dangerous."— A  note 
under  the  above  heading,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  W.  G. 
Smith,  occurs  at  p.  307  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
for  September  4  last,  respecting  which  I  have  a  few 
words  to  say.  Mr.  Smith  calls  attention  to  a  previous 
article  of  his,  in  which  it  is  pointed  out  that  the  above 
Agaric  is  occasionally  of  a  dangerous  character — a 
fact  subsequently  confirmed  by  the  Rev.  J.  M. 
Berkeley.  He  then  says  : — "  In  the  Daily  News  for 
August  25  lat  a  report  is  given  of  a  case  of  a  man 
and  his  daughter  who  were  both  killed  by  eating 
fungi  locally  known  as  "Blue  Buttons,"  and  no 
doubt  Agaricus  personatus.  I  have  other  records  of 
the  same  nature."  In  this  case,  however,  I  believe 
the  saddle  is  placed  on  the  wrong  horse,  and  that 
Agaricus  phalloides  is  the  real  culprit.  I  have  not 
the  issue  of  the  Daily  A^ews  in  question,  but  have  no 
doubt  it  refers  to  the  case  of  the  man  William 
Whitworth  and  his  daughter,  who  died  at  Notting- 
ham. The  facts  are  these:— Dr.  H.  HindforJ,  of 
Nottingham,  wrute  me  on  August  23  last  as  follows  : 
— -"  I  am  sending  you  by  Ibis  post  some  specimens  of 
fungi  which  have  caused  fatal  poisoning  in  the  case 
of  a  child,  and  its  father  is  now  in  a  very  critical 
state  under  my  care  in  the  general  hospital 
here."  These  specimens  were  handed  to  my  col- 
league, Df,  M.  C.  Cooke,  who  determined  them  to 
be  Agaricus  (Amanita)  phalloides,  Fries  (a  species 
which  poisoned  some  people  at  King's  Lynn  two  or 
three  years  ago).  There  is  no  doubt  of  the  specimens 
sent  being  the  plant  which  did  the  mischief,  for  Dr. 
Ilindford  remarked  that  they  were  "all  that  re- 
mained of  those  that  were  gathered.''  He  described 
them  thus:  —  "The  epidermis  in  the  smaller  one;, 
when  fresh,  was  of  a  light  yellowish  olivcgreen.  In 
the  older  ones  the  green  was  much  dirker.  The  gills 
were  quite  white."  I  at  once  reidied  to  Dr.  Hand- 
ford,  who,  writing  on  August  26,  supplied  the  fol- 
lowing additional  particulars  {I  give  the  substance  of 
them):  — "My  patient  died  sixry  seven  hours  after 
eating  the  fungus.  He  mistook  it  what  they  call  here 
a  '  blue  button  '  or  *  blue  bottom,'  Agaricus  (Tricho- 
loma)  personatus,  which  is  sold  in  very  large  quanti- 
ties in  the  market  here.  A.  pha  loides  must  be  a 
very  poisonous  variety,  as  the  child  only  ate  part  of 
one."  Such  are  the  facts — as  I  know  them  — and  in 
this  case  Agaricus  personatus  may  be  acquitted,  as 
"Not  guilty."  Of  the  other  cases  mentioned  1  can 
say  nothing,  except  to  suggest  the  possibility  of  a 
specimen  of  a  poisonous  kind  bein^  sometimes 
gathered  by  mistake  amongst  a  number  of  eatable 
one-.  One  cannot  help  wishing  that  the  conditions 
under  which  an  edible  species  miy  become  dan- 
gerous could  be  definitely  ascertained.  R.  A.  Rolfe, 

Lilium  auratum.— Perhaps  it  may  interest  your 
correspondent  "A.  D.  Webster,"  and  also  other 
readers,  to  hear  that  this  handsome  and  attractive 
Ldy  succeeds  remarkably  well  here  planted  in  the 
open,  amongst  and  between  the  Rhododendrons, 
the  soil  being  a  mixture  of  peat  and  loam,  and  well 
drained.  Single  bulbs  that  were  planted  in  March, 
18S4,  are  this  year  producing  fromtwi  to  four  spikes, 
which  are,  on  an  average,  from  6  to  8  feet  in  height. 
None  have  less  than  twelve  fljwers  on  a  spike,  and 
on  one  plant  with  two  spikes  there  are  sixty-six 
blooms,  thirty-three  on  each  spike.  Tnese  have  a 
very  striking  and  noble  effect,  standing,  as  they  do, 
above  the  level  of  the  green  foliage  of  the  Rhodo- 
dendrons.  Jjhn  Austen,  iVttley  Court. 

German  Moss  Litter  fjr  Orchids. —T  shall  be 
glad  to  know  if  any  of  y  lur  readers  can  give  infor- 
mation as  to  the  use  of  the  above.  The  great  d.fli* 
culty  and  expense  in  getting  good  peat  for  Orchids 
makes  one  desirous  to  obtain  a  substitute,  provided  it 
is  equally  good.     Bat  it  will  not  do  with  such  choic3 


372 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(September  i8,  1886. 


and  costly  plants  to  be  "penny  wise  and  pounds 
foolish."  I  am  therefore,  for  myself  and  all  lovers  of 
Orchids,  anxious  to  obtain  what  information  can  be 
given  for  our  guidance.  I  bad,  about  five  months 
since,  a  Lselia  to  which  was  attached  on  the  block 
what  appeared  to  me  to  be  some  pressed  material 
different  to  our  English  peat ;  finding  the  roots  pushed 
through  it  and  were  numerous,  vigorous,  and  healthy, 
I  examined  it  closely  last  week,  and  found  on  com- 
parison it  was  undoubtedly  the  "German  litter" 
now  in  such  general  use  in  our  stables.  I  am 
greatly  induced,  seeing  how  well  this  plant  is 
doing,  to  try  the  same  material  on  other  Orchids  by 
way  of  experiment,  but  should  not  like  to  risk  much 
without  having,  if  possible,  the  experience  of  others. 
I  have  heard  that  it  has  been  tried,  and  after  a  time 
got  slimy,  and  was  discontinued.  Whether  it  would 
be  dilTerent  in  a  pot  to  what  mine  is  on  a  block 
remains  to  be  proved.  H.  J.  Buchan,  Willon  House, 
Southampton. 

Non-growth  of  Primula  Seeds.— I  got  a  packet 
of  each  of  the  following  Primulas  from  a  nurseryman, 
and  sowed  them  last  July,  but  not  a  seed  has  yet 
appeared.  The  sorts  were— Sieboldi,  alpioa  sorts, 
japonica.  Will  any  of  your  readers  say  whether  I 
may  yet  expect  a  crop  ?  I  am  told  Primulas  remain 
dormant  in  the  pans  until  the  spring.  Will  any  of 
your  readers  advise  me?  Mrs.  Abbot,  Abbotsleigh, 
Clifton,  near  Bristol.  [Primula  seeds  are  often  very 
capricious  and  long  in  germinating,  and  if  you  keep 
yours  under  proper  and  suitable  conditions  of  heat, 
moisture,  soil,  &c.,  they  will  probably  germinate  in 
the  spring.  Ed.  J 

Horticultural  Societies  and  Cottagers.— I 
have  read  with  much  interest  the  remarks  on  the 
National  Co-operative  Flower  Show,  at  p.  272,  and  I 
am  inclined  to  agree  with  the  opinion  there  expressed 
— viz.,  that  practical  suggestions  may  be  of  more 
value  than  long  discussions  on  political  economy,  &c. 
It  will  readily  be  admitted  that  there  is  no  lack  of 
horticultural  societies  in  the  country,  and  in  justice  to 
them  it  will  be  admitted  that  they  nearly  all  endea- 
vour to  benefit,  as  far  as  possible,  the  cottage  gar- 
dener by  offering  him  prizes  for  the  meritorious  pro- 
ductions of  his  garden  or  allotment,  and  thereby 
inducing  him  to  take  increased  interest  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  same.  It  is  at  the  same  time  neces- 
sary, or  at  least  desirable,  to  do  more  than  this, 
as  the  cottager's  productions,  however  excellent  they 
may  be  found  to  be,  can  hardly  be  safely  accepted  as 
a  proof  of  the  general  excellence  of  the  management 
of  the  garden  which  produced  them,  for  it  not  infre- 
quently happens  that  a  cottager  may  be  able  to 
show  excellent  examples  of  such  vegetables  as  the 
Potato  and  the  Onion,  to  which  particular  atten- 
tion may  have  been  directed,  while  other  nearly,  if 
not  equally  useful  crops  may  have  been  neglected. 
To  prevent,  as  far  as  possible,  this  condition  of 
things,  which,  unfortunately,  is  by  no  means 
uncommon,  and  to  encourage  something  like  an 
all-round  or  uniform  system  of  cultivation,  such 
societies  should  if  possible,  take  cognizance  of  such 
gardens  in  their  entirety.  I  am  aware  that  it  may 
sometimes  be  difficult  to  do  this  on  account  of  the 
distance  which  may  separate  such  gardens  from 
each  other,  but  even  this  difficulty  may  be  generally 
overcome.  I  will,  if  you  will  allow  me  to  do  so, 
give  your  readers  afew  particulars  of  the  practice 
of  a  society  with  which  I  am  connected,  as  it  bears 
upon  this  subject,  trusting  that  possibly  some  societies 
which  may  not  have  given  attention  to  the  matter  may 
be  induced  to  follow,  or  rather  to  improve  upon  the 
practice  of  the  society  I  am  alluding  to,  viz.,  the 
Bury  and  West  Suffolk  Horticultural  Society,  which, 
although  by  no  means  a  very  flourishing  institution, 
can  nevertheless  boast  of  having  existed  for  many 
years,  or  from  about  the  year  1S30,  and  during  its 
career  may  be  credited  with  having  done  some  good, 
or  at  all  events  it  has  endeavoured  to  do  so.  This 
society,  in  addition  to  offering  prizes  for  the  various 
cottage  garden  productions  which  may  be  exhibited 
at  its  shows,  also  offers  prizes  to  the  gardens  in  their 
entirety,  that  is  to  the  best  managed  gardens,  taking 
into  consideration  the  quality  of  the  various  crops  o( 
fruit  and  vegetables,  the  condition  of  walks,  fences, 
and  general  keeping.  To  accomplish  this  object  the 
portion  of  country  surrounding  the  town  of  Bury  St. 
Edtnunds  is  divided  into  districts  extending  some  8  or 
9  miles  from  the  town,  and  intending  competitors  are  in- 
vited to  send  their  names  and  addresses  to  the  secretary 
not  later  than  May  i  for  each  year,  when  they  are 
each  supplied  with  a  form  to  fill  up.  This  being 
found  satisfactory,  their  names  are  entered  as  com- 
petitors in  their  respective  districts.  Two  judges, 
bol^h  bemg  members  o(  the  Society,  one  an  amateur 
and  the  other  a  practical  gardener,  are  appointed  for 
each  district,  whose  duty  it  is  to  inspect  the  com- 
peting gardens  once,  or  oftener,  during  the  year,  and 
to  award  the  prizes,  which  are  paid  to  the  successful 
competitors  at  the  last  show  held  by  the  Society  for 
each  year.  Four  prizes— that  is,  a  1st,  2d,  3d,  and  a 
4th— are  allowed  to  be  given  in  money  in  each 
district   each   year,  as   well  as  extra  prizes,   where 


such  are  considered  by  the  judges  as  being  merited. 
It  is  considered  that  the  offering  of  these  prizes  act  as 
a  stimulus  to  the  cottager's  endeavours  to  excel  in  the 
cultivation  of  his  garden,  and  the  calling  forth  of 
these  efforts,  it  is  hoped,  may  be  of  more  value  to 
to  him  than  even  the  prize  he  is  trying  to  secure.  In 
addition  to  the  money  prizes  alluded  to,  prizes  in 
kind,  consisting  of  garden  implements  and  various 
other  useful  articles,  are  each  year  given  by  members 
of  the  Society,  as  well  as  by  other  friends  and  well- 
wishers  of  the  cottager  ;  all  of  which  are  assigned  to 
the  most  deserving  by  the  appointed  judges  and  the 
committee  of  the  Society,  and  all  of  which  are  most 
gratefully  received.  It  may  also  be  here  stated  that 
the  judges  who  examine  the  competing  gardens  con- 
sider it  a  very  pleasing  part  of  their  duty  to  offer 
suggestions  and  advice  to  the  owners  of  the  competing 
gardens,  and  which  advice  is  invariably  respectfully 
listened  to,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  followed.  And  it 
may,  perhaps,  not  be  too  much  to  infer  that  such 
advice  may  have  borne  its  fruits,  to  judge  by  the 
quality  of  the  productions  exhibited  by  the  cottagers 
at  the  Society's  shows,  which  will  generally  compare 
favourably  with  the  productions  of  the  professional 
gardeners.  The  Society  pays  the  prizes  gained  by  the 
cottagers  at  its  shows  from  its  general  fund,  but  the 
garden  fund  is  altogether  distinct  and  separate  from 
the  funds  of  the  Society,  and  is  very  kindly  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions,  the  donors  of  which  are 
not  confined  to  the  members  of  the  Society.  P.  Grieve, 
Bury  Si.  Edmunds. 

"  Revision  of  the  Qenus  Phaljenopsis."- One 
or  two  errors  have  crept  into  my  paper  on  the  genus 
Phatenopsis,  which  I  should  like  to  correct  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment.  First  I  would  remark  that 
when  I  prepared  the  MSS.  I  was  not  aware  of  the 
"  Synopsis  of  the  Genus  Phala;nopsis. "  by  Mr.  F.  W. 
Burbidge,  which  appeared  in  the  Garden  for  18S2. 
Mr.  Burbidge,  I  know,  will  excuse  the  oversight. 
On  p.  276  P.  Lowii  is  said  to  be  a  native  of  Borneo 
and  Moulmein.  The  former  locality  is  an  error,  and 
should  be  erased.  How  it  got  into  my  rough  notes 
I  cannot  say.  P.  Marise  is  described  as  ISornean, 
which  Mr.  Burbidge  tells  me  is  an  error.  The  locality 
was  obtained  from  the  Gardening  IVorld,  i,,  p.  540, 
where  the  plant  is  spoken  as  "  one  of  Mr.  Burbidge's 
finds  in  Borneo."  From  Burbidge's  Gardens  0/  the 
Sun,  p.  343,  I  find  that  it  was  discovered  in  the 
main  island  of  the  Sulu  Archipelago  ;  and  in  the 
original  description  in  the  Ordiid  Album  it  is 
said  to  grow  at  an  elevation  of  2000  feet 
above  sea  level.  These  mistakes  also  occur  in 
the  introduction,  and  should  be  corrected.  Also 
on  p.  170,  column  I,  line  30  from  bottom,  P. 
Stuartiana  is  a  slip  for  P.  Sanderiana,  as,  indeed, 
the  context  would  show.  At  the  head  of  this 
column  I  speak  of  P.  pallens  as  apparently  not  now 
in  cultivation.  This  I  am  pleased  to  find  is  an  error, 
for  Mr.  F.  Moore,  of  Glasnevin,  writes  to  say  that 
he  has  a  plant  which  flowered  during  the  present 
year.  In  conclusion,  I  beg  to  thank  Messrs.  Burbidge 
and  Moore  for  kindly  pointing  out  these  errors.  I 
would  also  take  this  opportunity  of  saying  how  much 
I  should  value  flowers  of  any  of  the  rarer  or  imper- 
fectly known  species,  or  any  information  which  may 
tend  to  complete  our  knowledge  of  this  beautiful 
genus.  They  would  be  preserved  in  the  herbarium 
here,  and  would  thus  be  available  for  reference  at  any 
future  period.  R.  A.  Rolfe,  Herbarium,  Royal 
Gardens,  Kew. 

Boilers. — In  looking  through  your  last  week's 
edition,  we  notice  an  account  of  the  establishment 
of  Messrs,  Gregory  &  Evans,  at  Sidcup,  in 
which  it  is  stated  that  "  Eight  of  Rochford's 
boilers  are  at  work  in  the  place,  some  of  them 
15  feet  long,  others  9  feet ;  in  some  respect  the  latter 
are  liked  best."  We  beg  to  say  that  the  whole  of 
these  boilers  have  been  supplied  and  fixed  by  us, 
and  are  what  we  term  the  horizontal  tubular,  which 
are  considered  a  great  improvement  on  those  of 
the  "  Rochford  "  pattern.  Thames  Bank  Iron 
Company, 

Proliferous  Narcissus  Bulbs.— I  send  some 
specimens  of  a  variety  of  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus, 
showing  a  proliferous  habit  far  in  excess  of  anything  I 
have  noticed  before  in  any  Narcissus,  The  variety  is 
one  which  is  comparatively  new  to  me,  having  been 
sent  to  me  direct  from  Tuscany  about  two  years  ago, 
and  they  have  not  been  moved  since  they  were  planted. 
About  50  per  cent,  out  of  about  200  show  this  habit  ; 
it  is  not,  I  think,  due  to  soil,  as  other  Daffodils  in 
the  same  bed  show  nothing  abnormal.  Bulbils  round 
the  edge  of  the  basal  tunic  are  generally  produced 
very  sparingly  in  Narcissus  ;  and  as  the  variey  I 
send  is  one  which  Mr.  Barr  considers  to  be  the  single 
form  of  the  large  yellow  garden  DafTodil,  I  have  been 
examining  bulbs  of  those  which  have  been  planted  in 
good  soil,  not  crowded,  for  one  and  two  years,  but  I 
can  find  nothing  in  any  of  them  to  compare  with  the 
proliferousness  of  these  which  I  send.  C.  JVolley  Dod. 
[Any  Narcissus  bulb  might  be  equally  prolific,  but  as  a 


matter  of  fact  they  are  not.  Way  nut  is  more  than  we 
can  tell :  if  we  say  it  is  the  result  of  hereditary 
tendency  we  express  a  fact  with  no  explanation.  Ed.] 


THE  ROYAL  CALEDONIAN  HORTI- 
CULTURAL. 

As  announced  in  our  issue  of  last  week  this  Society 
held  its  autumn  show  in  the  Waverley  Market, 
Edinburgh,  on  the  8th  and  gth  inst.  Nearly  ^300 
were  offered  in  prizes,  and  the  competition,  particu- 
larly in  the  fruit  classes,  was  very  keen.  Grapes 
were  the  great  feature  of  the  show.  It  was  generally 
conceded  that  a  finer  and  more  extensive  display  of 
these  was  never  before  brought  together  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Society,  which  is  saying  a  great  deal 
when  its  fame  in  organising  great  fruit  tournaments 
is  considered.  There  were  over  400  bunches  of 
Grapes  tabled,  not  one  of  which  could  justly  be  called 
inferior,  while  the  average  quality  reached  the  highest 
standard  of  merit.  A  little  greenness  here  and  there 
marring  otherwise  perfect  samples  was  the  only  point 
detracting  from  the  excellence  of  the  general  display 
in  the  various  classes  of  Grapes.  Other  classes  of 
fruit  formed  in  the  aggregate  also  an  extensive  show, 
and  with  the  exception  of  some  of  the  hardy  fruits, 
which  were  mainly  exhibited  by  northern  growers, 
the  quality  was  generally  good.  The  short  summer 
in  Scotland,  with  its  low  mean  temperature,  suffi- 
ciently accounts  for  any  deficiency  observable  in 
Apples  and  Pears  in  regard  to  their  quality. 

In  plants  there  was  a  falling  ofl  in  numbers,  but 
the  quality  of  those  exhibited  was  well  maintained. 
Cut  flowers  were  numerous  and  generally  of  high 
excellence.  In  this  connection  we  were  glad  to  note 
evidence  of  the  revival  of  the  Hollyhock,  which  was 
well  represented  in  both  noble  spikes  and  grand 
single  blooms,  reminding  one  of  its  glorious  qualities 
as  an  autumn  flower  before  disease  set  in  and  all  but 
exterminated  it.  Turning  to  the  schedule  the  1st 
place  is  given  to 

Collections  of  Fruit. 

The  entries  for  the  collection  of  twelve  sorts  were 
not  numerous.  Mr.  Mclndoe,  Hutton  Hall,  was 
placed  1st  with  a  very  superior  lot  containing  grand 
bunches  of  Gros  Maroc  and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes  ; 
very  fine  Pitmaston  Uuchess  Pear  and  Galande  Peach, 
and  good  Pines.  Mr.  D.  Murray,  Culzean,  was  a 
very  close  2d,  his  collections  containing  the  finest 
samples  of  Golden  Hamburgh  Grape  in  the  show,  the 
bunches  being  models  of  form,  and  the  colour 
exquisite.  Mr.  Morrison,  Archerfield,  took  the  3d 
prize,  with  a  very  creditable  collection. 

In  the  class  of  eight  sorts,  excluding  Pines,  there 
was  a  more  extensive  gathering  of  exhibitors.  Mr. 
W.  McKelvie,  Broxmouth  Park,  stood  1st  in  this 
class,  with  a  collection  containing  splendidly  finished 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes, 
Royal  George,  and  Grosse  Mignonne  Peaches  and 
Pitmaton  Orange  Nectarine  ;  Mr.  Jas.  Day,  Garlics- 
ton,  and  Mr.  George  McKinnon,  Melville  Castle, 
were  2d  and  3d  respectively,  each  with  very  fine 
exhibits. 

There  were  in  the  next  class — that  of  ten  dishes  of 
fruits  grown  out-of-doors,  a  large  muster  of  exhibitors. 
Mr.  L.  Dow,  Newbyth,  carried  off  the  1st  prize,  with 
fine  samples  of  Green  Gage  and  Pond's  Seedling 
Plums,  Moor  Park  and  Breda  Apricots,  and  clean, 
well-finished  samples  of  Thorle  Pippin  Apple  and 
Jargonelle  Pear  ;  Mr.  Mclntyre,  Darlington,  was  a 
good  2d ;  and  Mr.  Day,  Garlieston,  came  in  as  a 
capital  3d, 

In  class  4,  for  twelve  dishes  of  orchard-house  fruit, 
the  vexed  question  of  the  interpretation  of  the  word 
"sorts,"  as  it  appears  in  schedules,  and  is  loosely 
enough  expressed  in  them,  and  equally  loosely  inter- 
preted by  judges,  turned  up.  We  do  not  pretend  to 
understand  the  meaning  of  the  word  as  applied  to 
the  particular  case  in  question,  but  there  can  be  no 
doubt  as  to  the  superior  merit  of  the  productions  of 
Mr.  Hunter,  Lambton  Castle,  which  took  the  1st 
prize.  Apart  from  the  question  alluded  to  they  were 
unquestionably  the  best  staged  for  the  prize.  The 
lieuire  Diel,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Gregoire  Bourdillon, 
and  Souvenir  du  Congress  Pears  were  superior 
samples,  as  were  also  the  rarely  seen  Oslin  and  fine 
Kerry  Pippin  Apples,  and  white  Magnum  and 
Engelbert  Plums.  Mr.  D.  Melville,  Elliston  Park, 
took  2d  prize  with  a  very  fine  collection  of  certainly 
more  distinct  sorts  than  that  constituting  the  1st 
prize  lot ;  the  quality  also  was  fine.  Lord  Napier 
Nectarines,  Fondante  d'Automne  Pear,  and  Late 
.\dmiral  Peach  being  notably  good.  Mr.  Thomas 
Bowman,  Lasswade,  made  a  very  creditable  3d  in 
this  class. 

Grapes. 

On  the  first  class  of  Grapes,  six   black   and   six 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


373 


white,  the  interest  of  Grape  Erowers  was  mainly 
centred.  The  ist  prize  was  closely  contested.  It 
was  secured  by  Mr.  McKelvie,  Broxmouth  Park, 
with  grand  samples  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Muscat 
Hamburgh,  Barbarojsa,  Kempsey,  and  Black  Ali- 
cante, in  splendid  form.  Mr.  J.  Boyd,  Callander 
Park,  took  2d  prize  in  this  class,  and  Mr.  J.  Hunter 
3d,  each  staging  Grapes  of  a  quality  calculated  to 
sustain  their  names  as  noted  Grape  growers. 

In  the  class  for  eight  bunches,  Mr.  Boyd  came  to 
the  front  with  magnificent  bunches  of  Madresfield 
Court,  Muscat  Hamburgh,  Alnwick  Seedling,  and 
Black  Hamburgh ;  Mr.  McKelvie  was  a  close  2d, 
with  perhaps  the  best  samples  of  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria, Gros  Maroc,  and  Madresfield  Court  in  the 
show  included  in  his  collection. 

The  class  providing  for  four  bunches  of  Grapes, 
distinct,  brought  out  a  large  number  of  competitors. 
Mr.  Boyd  stood  ist  with  well-finished  bunches  of 
Alnwick  Seedling,  Black  Alicante,  Muscat  Ham- 
burgh, and  Black  Hamburgh ;  Mr.  J.  McHattie, 
New  Battle,  was  2d  with  splendid  samples  of  Lady 
Downes,  Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  Black  Hamburgh, 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  the  last  named  barely 
finished  ;  Mr.  Hammond,  Brayton  Hall,  came  in 
3d,  with  four  bunches,  which  struck  us  as  being  de- 
serving of  a  higher  place. 

First  honours  in  class  8,  viz.,  two  bunches  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  were  easily  carried  by  Mr.  McKelvie, 


lence.  The  best  Queen  came  from  Mr.  G.  Ramsay, 
Fordell,  Mr.  Mclndoe,  Hutton  Hall,  making  a 
good  2d. 

Mr.  Mclntyre,  The  Glen,  Inverleithen,  was  the  only 
exhibitor  in  the  class  of  smooth  Cayennes,  but  staged 
a  very  good  fruit,  securing  the  1st  prize. 

The  last-named  exhibitor  also  secured  the  Ist  prize 
in  the  class  for  two  Pines,  and  was  closely  followed 
by  Mr.  Ramsay,  the  only  other  competitor. 

Melons  were  a  sparse  feature,  but  were  of  excellent 
quality.  In  the  green-fleshed  class  Messrs.  L.  Dow 
and  John  Hammond  were  respectively  Ist  and  2d  ; 
and  in  the  scarlet- fleshed  class  Messrs.  Mclndoe  and 
C.  Comfort,  Broomfield,  were  the  prize-takers  in 
the  order  set  down. 

Figs  formed  a  poor  show  as  regards  numbers,  but 
the  Ist  and  2d  prize  lots  were  both  of  superior  merit, 
the  twelve  from  Mr.  Mclntyre,  The  Glen,  taking 
1st  prize  ;  those  from  Mr.  D.  Melville  being  placed  2d. 

Peaches  were  well  represented,  but  the  1st  prize 
lot,  from  Mr.  McLeod,  Stirling,  consisting  of  twelve 
enormous  and  perfect  Lord  Palmerstons,  excited 
general  attention.  Mr.  John  Hammond's  twelve 
were  little  behind  in  point  of  size,  and  being  des- 
cribed as  a  seedling  from  Lite  Admirable,  but  bear- 
ing some  resemblance  to  Stirling  Castle,  created 
considerable  interest  apart  from  the  evident  excel- 
lence of  the  variety  as  a  late  Peach. 


Fig.  76.— proliferous  narcisslts  bulbs,     (see  p.  372.) 


whose  bunches  were  excellent ;  Mr.  Day  took  2d 
position  with  large  bunches  and  enormous  berries 
which  however  fell  somewhat  short  of  perfect  linisb. 

The  two  finest  Black  Hamburghs  were  put  up  by 
Mr.  Boyd,  and  the  next  best  by  Mr.  Murray,  Culzean, 
both  lots  being  excellent  in  colour  and  finish. 

Mr.  Potter,  Whitehall,  Carlisle,  carried  oft  the  Ist 
prize  for  one  bunch  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  a  not  fully 
finished  sample,  which  however  foretold  perfection  by- 
and-by ;  and  Mr.  Murray,  Parkhall,  took  the  2d 
prize. 

The  best  single  bunch  Black  Hamburgh  came  from 
Mr.  Collins,  Walkerburn  ;  the  best  single  Alicante 
from  Mr.  Wilson,  King's  Knowes  ;  the  best  Alnwick 
Seedling  from  Mr.  D.  Murray  ;  the  best  Gros  Colmar 
from  Mr.  J.  Jeffrey,  Craigcleuch,  Langholm  ;  the  best 
Lady  Downes  from  Mr.  W.  Murray,  Parkhall. 

The  best  black  Grape,  not  named  in  the  schedule, 
came  from  Mr.  McKelvie,  being  a  fine  bunch  of  Gros 
Maroc. 

The  best  white  Grape,  not  named  in  the  schedule, 
was  put  up  up  Mr.  Ramsay,  Fordell,  a  remarkable 
bunch  of  Chasselas  Napoleon. 

The  best  flavoured  black  Grape  proved  to  be  a 
small  but  highly  finished  sample  of  Muscat  Ham- 
burgh, from  Mr.  Mclndoe ;  while  the  best  flavoured 
white  was  Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  grown  by  Mr, 
McHattie. 

The  best  bloomed  black  Grape  was  staged  by 
Mr.  Boyd. 

Pines  were  not  numerous  cor  remarkable  for  excel- 


Nectarines  were  few  but  good,  the  Pitmaston 
Orange,  from  Mr.  Harkness,  Broadmeadows,  which 
took  1st  prize,  being  of  superior  quality. 

Apricots  were  rather  scarce,  but  well  represented 
by  those  from  Mr.  Galloway,  Minto  House,  twelve 
fine  Moorparks,  which  took  ist  prize. 

Plums  were  pretty  numerous,  the  best  coming  from 
Mr.  Mclntyre,  Darlington,  Mr.  Richard  Parker, 
Impney,  Droitwich,  and  Mr,  Gideon  Potter,  North 
Berwick. 

Pears  were  only  moderately  numerous,  but  some 
very  good  samples  were  put  up,  the  best  in  the  class 
of  six  varieties  fit  for  table  being  from  Mr.  McLean, 
Maidstone. 

Apples  constituted  a  numerous  display,  but  with  a 
few  exceptions  were  not  up  to  average  quality  at  this 
season  of  the  year.  The  best  collection  of  twelve 
varieties  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Galloway.  The  best 
six  dessert  varieties  fit  for  table  were  put  up  by 
Mr.  D.  Murray.  The  best  six  Blenheim  Oranges 
from  Mr.  Richard  Parker.  The  best  six  Cox's 
Oranges  also  came  from  the  last-named  grower. 
The  best  six  each  of  Ecklinville  seedling,  Keswick 
Codlin,  Warner's  King,  and  the  six  heaviest  Apples 
were  put  up  by  Mr.  Brotherston,  Tynningham. 
The  finest  Golden  Nobles,  Lord  Suffield,  and  Ribston 
Pippin  were  the  growth  of  Mr.  McLean. 

Plants. 
As  has  already  been  said  these  were  not  so  numerous 


as  we  have  seen  them  at  an  autumn  show  here,  but 
we  have  rarely  seen  better  specimens  of  cultivation 
than  appeared  in  some  of  the  classes.  The  tables  of 
plants,  20  feet  by  5  feet,  arranged  for  effect,  in  the 
gardeners'  class,  was  keenly  contested  by  Mr. 
Grossart,  Oswald  Road,  and  by  Mr.  C.  Smith, 
Restalrig.  Both  tables  were  good,  but  Mr.  Grossart 
carried  the  Ist  prize  with  a  table  in  which  choice 
foliage  and  flowering  plants — among  the  latter  a  good 
sprinkling  of  Orchids  were  blended  with  admirable 
taste. 

In  Cape  Heaths  and  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
Mr.  John  Paterson,  Millbank,  distanced  all  compe- 
titors with  his  first-rate  specimens  in  these  classes. 

In  Ferns  a  Silver  Challenge  Cup,  given  for  six 
exotic  species,  exclusive  of  Adiantum  and  Gleichenia 
was  won  Mr.  McKinnon,  Melville  Castle,  who 
staged  a  very  fine  lot  indeed.  The  1st  prize  for 
twelve  dwarf  British  Ferns  was  easily  secured  by 
Mr.  A.  Anderson,  of  Kilrig,  an  enthusiastic 
amateur.  His  collection  was  a  very  select  one, 
containing  well  culivated  specimens  of  Asplenium 
germanicum,  A.  septentrionale,  Blechnum  spicant 
Maundersii,  Woodsia  hyperborea,  and  other  choice 
sorts. 

Orchids  were  not  numerous  but  good,  the  principal 
exhibitors  being  Mr.  Grossart,  who  carried  off  the 
highest  honours  ;  Mr.  McLeod,  Stirling  ;  Mr.  Findlay, 
Osborne  Terrace,  Edmburgh  ;  and  Mr.  John  Paterson. 

Tuberous  Begonias  were  well  represented  by  the 
Ist  prize  lot,  belonging  to  Mr.  A.  Kerr,  Sunlaws. 

Table  plants  also  were  a  plentiful  and  well  contested 
class  amongst  gardeners,  Mr.  Mclntyre,  Barlingtors, 
taking  the  Ist  position  in  the  foliage  kinds,  and  Mr. 
Grossart  beating  all  in  the  flowering  kinds. 

Nurserymen's  Tables  Arranged   for   Effect. 

Of  these  there  were  only  two  in  competition  for  the 
Society's  prize.  The  competing  tables  were  40  feet 
by  10  feet,  and  the  contest  lay  between  Messrs.  Laird 
&  Sons  and  Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson.  The  first- 
named  firm  obtained  the  1st  prize,  with  a  table  of 
plants  which  for  cleanness,  health,  and  the  richness  of 
colouring  which  characterised  the  Crotons,  Dracienas, 
and  all  other  foliage  plants,  has  never  been  surpassed 
at  these  competitions.  There  were  also  some  remark- 
ably well  done  plants  of  the  newer  Alocasias  and 
Anthuriums,  abundance  of  lighter  and  more  graceful 
materials,  such  as  Cocos,  Pheenix,  Asparagus  in 
several  forms,  and  a  light  sprinkling  of  floral  colour- 
ing.    The  whole  was  grouped  with  good  taste. 

Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson,  though  beaten,  were 
not  disgraced  ;  their  table  was  rich  in  very  desirable 
stock,  and  formed  a  charming  picture,  in  which  grace- 
ful and  highly  coloured  foliage  blended  pleasingly. 

Nursery.men's  Table  Plants. 

The  collections  of  table  plants  put  up  by  nursery- 
men were  excellent,  especially  those  of  Messrs.  Laird 
&  Sons,  which  took  Ist  prize  in  the  foliage  class,  and 
also  in  the  flowering  class  ;  Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thom- 
son being  placed  2d  in  both  cases. 

Messrs.  Methven  &  Sons  had  a  very  handsome 
table  of  Liliums,  Palms,  and  miscellaneous  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants  in  flowering  and  foliaged  sorts,  very 
tastefully  put  together.  They  exhibited  also  on  the 
same  table  specimens  of  the  choice  wreaths  and 
crosses  which  are  a  speciality  of  theirs.  In  another 
part  of  the  hall  they  displayed  an  extensive  collec- 
tion of  ornamental  Ivies  in  pots,  which  were  greatly 
admired. 

Messrs.  Dicksons  &  Co.  had  a  large  table,  on  which 
they  displayed  a  good  collection  of  greenhouse,  stove, 
and  hardy  plants  along  its  centre.  On  one  side  the 
whole  length  of  the  table  was  laid  out  a  collection  of 
about  130  varieties  of  Apples,  the  production  of  their 
own  trees  at  Liberton  Nursery.  The  collection  was 
interesting  and  instructive  to  those  on  the  outlook  for 
selections.  On  the  other  side  of  the  table  an  assort- 
ment of  cut  flowers  including  hardy  border  perennials, 
Dahlias,  Carnations,  Gladiolus,  &c.,  was  displayed. 

Near  by  the  last-named  firm,  Messrs.  Lamont  & 
Son,  had  a  large  table  occupied  chiefly  with  blooms 
of  their  splendid  strain  of  Single  Dahhas,  already 
commented  on  in  recent  issues. 

The  Lawson  Nursery  Company  made  up  an  attrac- 
tive group  of  well-grown  Conifers,  Ivies,  and  other 
hardy  stock  in  pots  at  one  end  of  the  hall.  Some 
large  naturally  grown  plants  of  Clematis  viticella 
rubra  and  several  varieties  of  greenhouse  Rhododen- 
drons in  flower,  rdded  colour  and  interest  to  the 
group.  A  very  distinct  Golden  Yew  named  Taxus 
horizontalis  aurea  —  a  form  we  have  not  met  with 
before — attracted  general  attention. 

Mr.  Robertson  Munro,  Jocks  Lodge,  had  a  pleasing 
table  of  hardy  perennial  and  alpine  plants,  summer- 
flowering  Chrysanthemums,  and  Dahlias. 

The  New  Bulb  Company,  Colchester,  were  repre- 
sented by  a  very  attractive  exhibit  of  Lilium  blooms, 
especially  forms  of  L.  auratum,  and  L.  speciosum, 
Nerines,  Gladioli,  and  a  few  Orchids. 

Mr.  Thos.  S.  Ware,  Tottenham,  put  up  an  excel- 
lent assortment  of  single  and  double  and  pompoa 
Dahlia  blooms, 


374 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  i8,  i8 


The  table  of  plants  exViihiled  by  Mr.  Lindsay, 
Curator  of  the  Eiinburgh  li  itanic  Girdens  was  in  so 
fat  as  plants  were,  concerned,  perhipi  the  mo.t 
interesting  of  any  in  the  hill  to  bo:h  the  gardening 
and  the  general  public.  It  was  furnished  with  beau- 
tifully-grown plants  of  various  Sirracenias,  Darling- 
tonias.  Nepenthes,  Drosera*,  Rhipidopteris,  and 
many  other  things  interestingly  attractive  even  to  the 
uninitiated  in  plant  lore. 

Cut  Flowers. 

In  the  classes  set  apart  for  gardeners  and  amateurs 
there  was  some  very  close  competition,  and  there  was 
a  pretty  full  representation  of  the  various  chsses  of 
autumn  flowers.  The  spikes  of  Hollyhocks  tabled  by 
Mr.  Kerr,  Sunlaws,  left  nothing  to  be  desired,  the 
same  may  be  said  of  his  single  blooms,  which  were 
good  in  their  form  and  cleanness  of  petal.  The  six 
blooms  shown  by  Mr.  Tweedie,  teacher,  Swinton, 
afforded  gratifying  evidence  also  of  the  fact,  that  a 
way  has  been  found  in  several  parts  of  the  country 
simultaneously,  by  which  the  hitherto  fatal  fungus 
that  has  so  long  rendered  the  successful  culture  of 
this  favourite  autumn  flower  impossible  may  be  over- 
come. 

In  the  nurserymen's  classes  of  cut  flowers  there 
were  some  capital  Hollyhocks  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Campbell,  florist.  High  Blantyre,  who  took  1st  prize 
for  both  spikes  and  single  blooms.  Messrs.  Stewart 
&  Mein,  Kelso,  were  2d.  Gladioli  were  shown  in 
perfection  by  the  last-named  tirm,  their  thirty  spikes 
gaining  1st  prize,  and  the  admiration  of  everybody. 

Single  Dahlias  were  competed  for  by  Messrs. 
Lamont  &  Son  and  Messrs.  Laird  &  Sons,  the  lormer 
taking  an  easy  1st  prize. 

There  was  a  limited  show  of  double  Dahlias. 
Messrs  Laird  &  Sons  were  placed  1st  for  twenty-four 
show  sorts,  and  M'.  Hugh  Dickson,  Belmont,  2d— a 
position  which,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  it  was  con- 
sidered should  have  been  reversed. 

Roses  were  well  exhibited  by  Messrs.  Cocker  & 
Sons,  Aberdeen  ;  Mr.  Dickson.  Belmont ;  Mr.  T. 
Smith,  Stranraer  ;  and  Messrs.  Croll,  Dundee.  The 
contest  for  honours  lay  between  the  two  first-named 
growers  in  the  larger  diss  of  twenty-four  blooms,  and 
we  understand  it  was  somewhat  of  a  surprise  to 
Messrs.  Cocker  and  many  besides  that  they  were 
awarded  the  1st  prize. 

In  the  class  of  eighteen  blooms,  Mr.  Dickson  was 
placed  1st,  and  Mr.  T.  Smith  2d. 

Vegetaules. 
There  was  a  grand  muster  of  vegetables,  one  of 
the  finest  that  has  been  seen  in  recent  years  at  this 
show.  Great  excellence  characterised  many  of  the 
exhibits,  the  grand  Onions  set  up  by  Mr.  D.  Murray, 
Culzean,  the  enormous  Leeks  of  Mr.  Cairns,  The 
Hirsel,  Coldstream,  and  the  collection  of  seventy-five 
distinct  perfect  samples  of  Potatos  by  Mr.  Bogie, 
Dundonald,  were  specially  notable. 


ROYAL  NORTHERN  HORTICULTURAL 
OF  ABERDEEN  :  AUTUMN   SHOW. 

On  Friday  and  Saturday,  the  lolh  and  nth  inst., 
the  annual  autumn  show  of  this  Society  was  held  in 
the  Music  Hall  Buildings,  Aberdeen.  The  exhibi- 
tion was  generally  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  the 
Society  has  had. 

In  the  section  for  pot  plants  there  were  some  good 
specimens  of  Fuchsias.  A;  a  rule  the  plants  were 
in  excellent  bloom,  but  the  foliage  was  in  bad  con- 
dition. For  Fuchsias,  which  were  best  in  the  amateur 
section,  Mr.  William  Shirreffs,  Aberdeen,  took  1st, 
2d,  and  3d  pr'zes. 

Liliums,  Begonias.  Draccenas,  and  Ferns  were 
well  tepresente-".  Indeed,  in  xe^AiA  to  the  cut 
flowers,  generally  speaking  the  di«phy  was  magni- 
ficent. Tnere  were  Dihiias  {single,  and  double,  and 
pompon).  Gladioli,  African  and  French  Marigold'^, 
Asters,  Carnations,  Phloxes,  and  Pansies.  Her- 
baceous flowers  were  the  best  feature  in  this  section. 
Hand  bouquets  come  in  for  a  large  share  of  attention, 
and  they  comprised  a  very  creditable  display,  the 
wild  flowers  of  course  being  a  feature. 

In  the  competition  confined  to  nursfiymen  Messrs. 
Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen,  took  the  1st  honours  for 
double  Dahlia',  single  Dihlias,  and  Roses  ;  while 
Messrs.  Liird  &  Sons,  Edinburgh,  were  2d  for 
Dahlias ;  and  Messrs.  D.  &  W.  Croll,  Dundee,  2d 
for  Roses.  The  Edinburgh  firm  took  the  1st  place 
for  table  plants,  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Son  being  2d,  and 
Messrs.  W.  Smiih  &  Son,  Aberdeen,  3d. 

For  Roses  and  single  Dahlias,  in  ihe  professional 
class,  Mr.  James  Hunter,  Richmond  Hill,  was  1st. 

For  double  D.ihUas,  Mr.  James  Wilson,  Montrose, 
was  1st. 

For  pompons,  Mr.  A.  Davidson,  Aberdeen,  was  Isf. 

Fruit. — In  the  section  forfruit,  the  displayof  Grapes 
was  the  finest  seen  at  any  of  the  Society's  shows  for 
many  years.  For  bunches  of  Grapes  Mr.  Stratton,  gr. 
to  Mr.  Lumsden,  of  Balmedie,  took  the  1st  prizes  in 
the  competition  for  three  varieties  and  two  varieties ; 


the  2d  and  3d  honours  going  to  Mr.  Andrew  Reid, 
Darris,  and  Mr.  J  ihn  Forrest,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Aberdeen,  Haddo  House. 

Mr.  Forrest  was  1st  for  white  Grapes;  and  he 
occupied  a  similar  position  in  the  competition  for  the 
best  collection  of  fruit  considered  as  a  whole. 

Vegktaiu.es. — The  section  for  vegetables  was  by  far 
the  best  in  the  show.  There  were  no  less  than  seven 
hasktts  of  vegetables,  and  the  person  who  giined  a  prize 
had  to  have  something  very  special  before  he  could 
secure  the  honour.  Mr.  George  Ogg,  gr.  to  Major 
Ram;ay,  of  Birra,  took  the  premier  position  lor 
baskets  of  vegetables  in  the  section  open  to  gardeners 
only,  and  Messrs.  George  Milne,  Cluny,  and  George 
Wilson,  Montrose,  were  2d  and  3d  respectively. 

In  the  competition  confined  to  market  gardeners, 
Mr.  William  Henderson,  Bloomfield,  Aberdeen,  was 
1st;  Mr.  Davidson,  Aberdeen,  2d;  and  Mr.  John 
Yule,  Wood-ide,  3I. 

For  Potatos,  which  comprised  the  best  display  in 
the  hall,  Mr.  Grigor,  Sunnyhank,  carried  the  chief 
honours,  obtaining  the  Society's  Silver  Cup. 

Dkcoratio.sjs.— The  table  arranged  by  Messrs. Coc- 
ker &  Sons  contained  a  collection  of  Carnations  and 
Picotees,  in  which  were  over  150  blooms,  including 
all  the  finest  varieties  in  cultivation.  Their  Roses 
were  a  special  feature,  made  up  in  bunches  of  all  the 
leading  varieties,  including  amongst  those  which  more 
readily  caught  the  eye.  Sunset,  Marie  Van  Uoulte, 
Grace  Darling,  Madame  de  Utteville,  and  Madame 
Lambard.  The  II  P. 's  were  also  represented,  but 
one  had  only  to  look  at  the  1st  prize  stand  to  realise 
the  excellence  of  the  collection. 

Conspicuous  amongst  the  herbaceous  plants  were 
the  three  varieties  of  the  Iceland  Poppy,  white,  orange, 
and  yellow,  which  are  very  popular. 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Sons,  of  Aberdeen  and  Kintore, 
exhibited  neat  and  select  collections  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants.  Ferns,  Gladioli,  hardy  herbaceous 
flowers,  &c.  The  Gladioli  were  of  the  seedling 
and  named  hybrid  varieties,  and  included  some  very 
fine  new  flowers.  The  speciality  of  this  firm's  ex- 
hibit, however,  was  their  rare  and  extensive  collec- 
tion of  hardy  herbaceous  flowers,  a  class  of  flowers 
rapidly  growing  in  popularity,  and  replacing  the  erst- 
while bedding  plants. 

Messrs.  Ben  Reid  &  Co.,  of  Aberdeen,  also  showed 
a  capital  collection  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
including  Ananassa  sativa  variegata,  a  very  handsome 
specimen,  a  few  good  pots  of  Liliums,  Pelargoniums, 
Crotons,  Palms,  Dracaenas,  Pandanus,  Ferns,  Coleus, 
Aralias,  Calidiums,  &c. 

Messrs.  Dobie  &  Company.  Rolhsay,  sent  a  beauti- 
ful colhclion  of  flowers  for  exhibition. 


DUNDEE   SHOW:    Septeinber  2. 

A  LARGE  marquee  and  two  tents  were  erected 
on  the  Magdalen  Green  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
exhibits,  which  were  in  excess  of  last  year,  numbering 
1704.  For  plants  there  were  207  entries,  cut  flowers 
500,  fruit  267,  and  vegetables  620,  in  addition  to  no 
entries  in  the  honey  department. 

The  central  marquee,  300  feet  in  length  by  45  feet 
in  breadth,  was  devoted  to  pot  plants  and  flowers. 
The  tent  on  the  East  of  it  was  occupied  with  fruit, 
honey,  and  flowers  ;  while  the  one  on  the  West  was 
set  apart  for  vegetables.  The  display  of  tree  Ferns, 
Palms,  and  large  foliaged  plants  presented  quite  an 
impressive  appearance. 

The  foremost  group  of  pot  plants  were  the  four 
pots  of  summer  flowering  Chrysanthemums,  for  which 
Mr.  William  Kennedy,  gr.  to  Provost  Ballingall, 
gained  the  1st  prize.  These  remarkable  plants  have 
excited  the  admiration  of  nurserymen,  gardeners,  and 
amateurs.  Tney  were  not  only  large,  but  firm  and 
shapely  in  form,  and  of  decided  colouring,  throwing 
the  other  competitors  far  in  the  sh.ade. 

Mr.  Kennedy  also  showed  six  cut  white  Chrysan- 
themums at  the  left  hand  side  of  the  entrance  to  the 
east  marquee.  They  measured  from  14  to  16  inches 
in  circumference,  and  the  breadth,  fineness,  and  sub- 
stance of  the  petals  were  specially  noteworthy. 

In  Mr.  George  Davidson's  prlz:  lot  of  Lilium 
auratum  the  stems  were  from  5  to  7  f:et  high,  and 
showed  about  lOO  full-sized,  rich-coloured  flowers  in 
excellent  condition. 

Tables. 

To  gardeners  and  owners  of  conservatories  the 
most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  show  was  the 
competition  between  two  redoubtable  pnzetakers 
for  the  best  "  table,  iS  feet  long  by  8,  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants,  fjr  eff;ct."  The  1st  prize  went  to 
Mr.  Peter  M'Arthur,  gr.  to  Mr.  John  Leng,  Kinbrae, 
and  the  2d  to  Mr.  William  Allison,  gr.  to  Mr.  W.  F. 
Low,  Seaview. 

There  were  no  less  than  seventy  beautiful  Crotons  on 
the  two  tables.  Mr.  Allison  showed  rare  and  valuable 
specimens  of  Lycaste  Skinneri  alba  and  Saccolabium 
Blumei  majas.  He  also  carried  off  the  ist  prize  in 
the  interesting  contest  for  the  £,a,  and  ^2  ioj-.  prizes 
for  nine  stove  plants ;  Mr.  Peter  Marshall,  gr.  to  ex- 
Provost  Robertson,   Balmore,  another  worthy  prize- 


taker,  caTie  in  2i.  Both  groups  of  plants  w?re 
admirable  specimens.  Conspicuous  among  Mr. 
Allison's  were  Cycas  revoluta,  Stephanotis  florihunda, 
and  Crotons  Andreanus,  interrupius,  and  ilmtn 
Victoria.  Nfr.  Marshall  among  his  nine  showed 
Phormium  variegatum,  Coprosma  Baueriana,  and  a 
remarkably  fine  Statice  purpurea,  and  perhaps  tie 
largest  Cycas  revoluta  in  the  show.  The  competitions 
for  the  six  prizes  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
were  also  much  admired. 

The  Fuchsias  were  not  many  in  number,  but  ex- 
ceedingly graceful  in  habit  and  beautiful  in  flower. 
Mr.  Hector  J.  Walts,  gr.  to  the  Misses  Thow,  Craig. 
more,  who  gained  the  Ist  priz2  for  three,  had  splendid 
specimens. 

In  flat  and  quilled  Asters  the  competition  was 
extensive  and  keen,  as  all  the  flowers  were  in  fine 
form  and  condition. 

Miss  Pitkeathly,  Elcho  Cottage,  Perth,  showed,  in 
her  prize  twelve  herbaceous  flowers  from  the  open 
border,  a  very  beautiful  array,  deserving  attention. 

The  single  Dahlias  have  grown  greatly  in  favour, 
and  the  nine  bunches,  for  which  Mr.  James  Hunter, 
gr.  to  Mr.  John  Lyall  Grant,  Richmnnd  Hill,  Aber- 
deen, gained  Ist  prize,  were  specially  noticeable  by 
the  taste  displayed  in  their  arrangement. 

The  Dundee  shows  are  never  complete  without 
Messrs.  James  Cocker  &  Sons'  Roses.  As  usu.il 
these  enterprising  Aberdonians  were  in  the  front  with 
exquisite  examples  of  their  favourite  flower.  Among 
their  numerous  exhibits  wire  a  number  of  new  Tea 
Roses.  Messrs.  Cocker  were  also  Ist  in  double 
Dahlias:. 

Messrs.  John  S'ewart  &  Sons,  nurserymen  and  seeds- 
men, Dundee  and  Btoughty  Ferry,  exhibited  a  fine  col- 
lection of  ornamental  Conifers,  which  are  arranged  in  a 
group  adjoining  the  Committee's  tent.  Among  the  best 
specimens  of  the  collection  are  Abies  or  Picea  concolor, 
a  silver  Fir  from  the  Rocky  Mountains,  with  leaves  of 
a  striking  glaucous  hue  ;  Thuja  occidentalis  lutea,  a 
golden-leaved  variety  of  the  North  American  Arhor- 
vitcE,  which  is  likely  to  become  a  general  favourite, 
owing  to  its  extreme  hardiness  ;  Juniperus  sinensis 
aurea,  a  fine  specimen  of  the  golden  variety  of  the 
Chinese  Juniper,  a  plant  which  seems  to  thrive  in  very 
exposed  situations  in  Scotland  ;  Prumnopitys  elegans, 
a  Yew-like  plant,  with  bright  green  foliage,  a  native 
of  the  mountainous  districts  ol  Chili,  but  which  has 
proved  itself  hardy  only  in  the  most  favoured  situa- 
tions in  this  country  ;  and  a  number  of  Ellwanger's 
or  the  Tom  Thumb  Arbor-vitae,  of  dwarf  habit  and 
feathery  appearance.  The  group  is  edg=d  by  little 
plants  of  the  Japanese  golden  Retinospora. 

Messrs.  W.  P.  Laird  &  Sinclair  showed  a  magni- 
ficent collection  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
exotic  Ferns,  double,  single,  and  pompon  Dihlia^, 
bedding  Violas.  &o.  For  the  competition  tables  the 
firm  stands  alone,  and  to  their  credit  had  staged  a 
rich  collection  of  plants  which  for  wealth  of  colour, 
diversity  of  toliage,  and  tasteful  arrangement  attracted 
considerable  attention.  In  the  centre  of  their  table 
was  placed  a  magnificent  specimen  of  Dracaena  Lin- 
deni,  a  variety  of  recent  introduction,  and  whose 
graceful  foliage  rendered  it  peculiarly  adapted  for  the 
position.  It  was  well  supported  by  superb  specimens 
of  Croton  Chelsoni,  C,  volutus,  C.  Williamsi,  and 
C.  Lady  Zetland,  the  bright  golden  foliage  of  which 
presented  a  pleasing  contrast  with  the  dark  red  colour 
of  the  Draccenas,  several  of  which,  such  as  D.  Mrs. 
Freake,  D.  nigrescens,  &c.,  are  well  worthy  of  notice. 
Among  the  more  prominent  plants  were  fine  speci- 
mens of  that  most  graceful  of  all  Palms,  Geonoma 
gracilis,  Maranta  Veiichii,  Dieffenbachla  Biuerii, 
Athyrtum  ornatura,  and  Alocasia  Sanderiana,  the 
latter  of  which  is  a  charming  variety  of  recent  intro- 
ductioc.  The  ground  work  of  this  table  wa;  com- 
posed of  small  Palms,  Ferns  in  great  variety,  and 
the  graceful  hanging  mosses  lent  a  pleasing  effect  to 
the  whole.  They  also  staged  a  largo  collection  of 
plants  for  exhibition,  containing  fine  coloured  Cro- 
tons, Dracaenas,  Palms,  &c.  For  twelve  exotic  Ferns 
they  again  gained  the  premier  position  with  beautifully 
grown  specimens  of  Adiantums,  &c.  The  twelve 
plants  for  table  decoration  brought  forward  a  large 
number  of  entries,  and  with  perfect  specimens  of 
Crotons,  Aralias,  Dracaenas,  and  Palms,  this  firm 
deservedly  were  placed  Ist. 

The  Messrs.  Croll  had,  as  usual,  exhibited  largely, 
and  took  several  prizes.  Their  1st  prize  Gladioli 
were  very  fine  ;  among  these  were  Anna,  Shakes- 
peare, and  Thalia.  Roses,  of  which  they  make  a 
speciality,  were  numerous  ;  most  noticeable  among 
them  were  Charles  Lefebvre,  Gloire  de  D  j  in.  La 
France,  Alfred  Colomb,  A.  K.  Wdliams,  a  ad  Prince 
of  Wales.  

OXFORD  MILLS    FLOWER  SHOW. 

The  yearly  floral  and  horticultural  show  of  the 
Oxfird  Gardeners'  Society,  Ashton,  was  opened  on 
Saturday  afternoon  by  Mr.  Bruce  Findlay,  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Gardens.  The  flowers  entered 
for  competition  were  unusually  good,  some  of  the 
specimens  of  Stocks  being  very  large  and  compact— 


SEPThMBER    l8,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


375 


in  fact,  the  best  ever  exhihiied  at  the  show.  Thera 
were  also  soma  very  6ne  Gladioli  and  Liliums.  The 
fruit  generally  was  excellent,  the  Pears  particularly  so  ; 
and  some  of  the  vegetables  were  worthy  of  com- 
mendati"n.  especially  the  Caulitloivers. 

Mr,  R.  France,  of  Crowthorn  Nursery,  as  in  former 
years,  had  a  large  collection  on  view.  His  show  of 
K  )ses  was  very  good.  There  were  two-anda-half 
dozen  blooms  in  a  box,  all  of  them  labelled  and  named 
for  the  benefit  of  those  who  desired  such  information. 
He  also  showed  fine  examples  of  Marigolds,  Dahlias, 
Asters,  Antirrhinums,  Zinnias,  Ferns,  Balsams, 
Fuchsias,  Begonias,  Coleuses,  Palms,  Croton>,  To- 
bacco plants,  Dracaenas,  &c  ,  the  whole  f  r.ning  a 
very  in'eresliniT  exhibiiion,  and  one  parliculatly 
creditable  to  local  skill  and  perseverance  in  over- 
coming so  well  the  drawbacks  of  a  sterile  soil, 
damp  climate,  and  smoky  atmosphere  as  to  be  able 
to  bring  lorth  results  fairly  to  be  put  in  competition, 
in  some  cases,  with  the  produce  of  more  favoured 
localities. 

Mr.  G.  R.  Garner,  florist,  of  Bakewell,  exhibiitd 
an  admirable  collection  of  flowers  tastefully  arranged 
in  moss  on  a  sandbed. 

The  Phloxes  elicited  admiration  as  magnificent 
specimens,  and  it  was  noticeable  as  a  whole  that 
the  flowers  were  much  larger  than  the  correspond- 
ing ones  usually  seen  in  this  locality.  The  Asters  and 
Rnses  and  single  Dahlias  were  particularly  noticeable 
(or  their  large  dimensions. 

The  Opening  Ceremony. 

Mr.  Bruce  Findlay  said  he  had  been  asked  by  Mr. 
Rupert  Mason  to  appear  there  to  say  a  few  words  on 
the  subject  of  cottage  gardening  and  the  allotment 
system.  Collate  gaidening  shows  were  increasing 
and  multiplying  throughout  the  land.  Touching 
cottage  gardening  and  allotments,  he  gave  a  lec- 
ture seven  or  eight  years  ago  in  Manchester,  in 
which  he  said  : — 

"Whatever  relites  to  the  improvement  of  the 
soil  and  its  profitable  appropriation  is  of  the 
highest  importance.  It  is  well  known  that  the 
agricultural  labourers  of  this  country  have  not  the 
same  interest  in  the  soil  as  they  once  had.  Every 
village  and  district  of  the  country  readily  affords  ex- 
amples of  patches  of  land  having  been  consolidated 
with  a  larger  tract  belonging  to  some  wealthy  person 
in  the  neighbourhood.  Though  this  is  a  necessary 
consequence  of  the  improved  slate  of  agriculture,  the 
decay  of  the  cottar  tenantry  is  an  evil  which  has  been 
always  insufficiently  appreciated.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  whatever  that  where  practicable  it  is  consistent 
with  sound  policy  to  let  the  English  labourer  have 
a  share  of  the  land.  Various  schemes  have 
been  propounded,  having  for  their  object  the 
improving  the  condition  of  the  agricultural  la- 
bourer, many  of  which  seem  to  be  incompatible 
with  his  capacities.  Out  of  this  element  he  is  timid 
and  helpless,  but  in  it  all  his  powers  seem  to  be 
gratified.  The  desire  he  evinces  to  become  pos- 
sessed of  a  patch  of  land  to  cultivate  on  his  own 
account  is  little  short  of  a  passion,  and  it  seems 
important  to  retain  him  in  that  to  which  he  has 
served  so  long  an  apprenticeship.  Inconsiderate 
friends,  on  the  other  hand,  in  talking  and 
writing  about  it  have  pronounced  it  to  be  the 
realisaiion,  in  a  great  measure,  of  the  stale  of 
perfect  existence  which  poets  have  sighed  for, 
and  that  which  will  sooner  or  later  possess  the 
whole  land,  but  poets,  as  a  rule,  are  but  ill  quali- 
fied judges  of  what  is  practically  beneficial,  and 
in  the  allotment  system  there  is  no  poetry  except 
that  which  springs  from  hard  work.  If  anything 
will  "possess  the  land"  it  is  hard  work.  The 
allotment  system  itself  would  throw  out  thousands 
as  unworthy  to  touch  the  soil  which  it  has  appropriated 
to  its  most  useful  purposes.  This  subject  has  occu- 
pied the  attention  of  almost  every  writer  on  lural 
economy,  but  the  benefits  to  be  derived  will  not  fully 
appear  in  any  case  where  spade  husbandry  is  not 
strictly  carried  out  and  the  greatest  cleanliness  main- 
tained. 

"  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  some  intelligent  far- 
mers will  take  the  hint  thrown  out  by  Mr.  Gladstone, 
lor  there  can  he  no  doubt  that  the  very  implements 
in  use  under  the  allotment  system  leave  the  plough  at 
an  immeasurable  distance  in  the  background.  Ire- 
land has  been  often  mentioned  as  a  country  of  cottage 
allotments,  and  it  has  been  asked  is  there  anything 
there  to  induce  its  adoption  elsewhere.  Ireland  may 
have  its  allotments,  but  certainly  they  are  not  culti- 
vated ;  and  so  long  as  it  remains  a  theatre  of  tumult 
and  disorder,  how  can  the  arts  of  peace  be  prosecuted 
to  a  degree  to  give  us  any  indication  of  what  is  really 
good  or  bad  in  the  undertaking  ?  It  is  scarcely  fair, 
therefore,  to  form  any  opinion  of  the  allotment 
system  from  the  picture  presented  to  us  by  Ireland. 
Besides  which,  it  is  notorious  that,  the  great  propor- 
tion of  the  labouring  classes  in  that  country  prefer 
idle,  reckless,  and  exciting  scenes,  to  the  cultivation 
of  their  crops.  Amongst  industrious  people  allot- 
ments will  do  great  things,  but  they  will  not  save  the 
idler  from  the  disgraceful  situation  which  awaits  him 
in  society." 


NATIONAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

An    exhibition    of    early    Chrysanthemum?,    with 

Dahlias,  Gladioli,  &c.,  was  held  at   the  Westminster 

Aquarium  on  September  9  and  10,  when  the  following 

prizes  were  awarded  : — 


were  many  of  the  plants  instead  of  being  placed  upon 
rough  deal  staging  far  too  high,  in  not  a  lew  instances, 
to  see  little  else  but  the  pots,  placed  on  the  turf  they 
would  show  to  much  better  advantage.  One  more 
vicious  practice  might  be  mentioned,  that  of  both 
taking  freth,  and  altering  old  entries  on  the  morning 


CLss. 

E.vhiblti                                                   Fi.s:.                  1 

Second. 

Third. 

ChrysanUuinums,                          |                                                 , 

" 

Grou3   of    eirly-fliwsrin^    ChTSXtheraums,  |Mr.    N.  Davis,  Cimbcr- Mr 
arranged  in  a  s.aciiot  exceeding6o  S4uare|     well                                     j     'j 
feet,  quality  and  E-"c  ^  effect  to  bi  lh;l 
leading  featufes                                                   !                                                 ^ 

J     Wrght,    Mid.-le 
emple 

Mr.  G.  Stevens,  Pulnry 

' 

Gr.up  of  eiily-flowerin?   Chrysanthemums  i                     .... 
arra  iged  in  a  space  njt  f.vcceding  40  square' 

feet    qual  ty  anJ  general  effect  to  be  the                                                 ' 
leading  leaturcs  (nuiSirymcd  excluded)       | 

.... 

3 

Collection  of  forty-eight  plants  as  grown  for                      Mr 

market 

W.  Holme  ,  Hackney 

4 

6    plants    (untrained)  of    Madame   C.    Des-  Mr.      Wright,       Middle  M- 
grange                                                                   Temple 

Stevens,  Putney     .. 

S 

6    plants    (untrained)    any    varieties    except! Mr.  Stevens,  Putney      .. 
Madame  C.  Desgrange 

Citt  Fiowc>s.                              1 

d 

Collection     of     cut     Chrysanthemums    (any  Mr.  Stevens,  Putney      ..  tVIr 
varieties) 

Davis,  Camberwell.. 

Mr.  \V.  Piercey,  Fo.est 
Hill 

7 

12  blooms,  Madime  C.  Desgrange     ..         ..  Mr.       \V  ight.       Middle  Mr 
Temple 

Stevens,  Putney 

Nfr.  T.  Sadler,  Streat- 
ham 

8 

12    Blooms,  any  varieties  except  Madame  C.,Mr.  Sadler,  Streatham  ..  Mr 
Desgrange                                                             j 

Davis,  Camberwell . . 

9 

12    Pompons  (hybrids  allowed),  thr«  flowers  :Mr.  Davis,  Camberwell..  Mr.  W.    Holmes,  Hack- 
of  each,  to  be  shown  with  foliage                                                                          ney 

.0 

6    Bunches,  Madame  C.    Desgrange,   three  Mr.  Stevens,  Putney     .. 
blooms  in  each,  with  foliage 

"■ 

6    Bunches,  any  varieties  except  Madame                    .... 
C.  Desgrange,  tliree  blooms  in  each,   with 
foliage 

Mr.  G.  Bolas,  Wicks- 
worth 

The  following  prizes  were  offered  by  the  Royal  Aquarium  Company  : — 
PsizE  Wixxr.iw. 


Second.        Third. 


Gladioli.  (. 

Collection    of    Gladioli    4    . 


Dahlia!. 

4S     blooms     (show     or 

fancy),  not  less  than 

twenty-four  varieties, 

blootns  of  one  variety 
24     bloomy     show     va- 
rieties, distinct 


Messrs.Burrell&Co., 
I     Cambridge 
Rev.    H.   H.   DOm-l 
brai»,Asbrord,Kenti 


.Messrs.  Ke5;nes,_\Vil-  Mi.  Turner,    Slougli 


i  &  Co.,  Sal 


i4    bio. 


24  bunches,  pompai 
neties,  distinct 

24  bunches,  single  ^ 
;     ties,  distinct 
:12  blooms,  show    v 


Messrs.    J.   Cheal    &lMr.  Tui 
Son,  Crawley 
Ditto     Ditto 


Mr.  Hockney,  Stokes- 
Ditto    Ditto 


Mr.  Boston,  Beilale 


Me 

anis&t 
essrs.         Rawlings 
Bros.,  Romford 
Messrs.      Burrell     & 
Co.,  Cambridge 
lessrs.  Kevncs,  Wil- 
liams &  Co. 


Mr.  H.  Vincent.lCey- 


JUDGES. 

Dahlias,  Gladioli,  &c.  :— Messrs.  R.  Dean,  G. 
Gordon,  and  Swift.  Chrysanthemums; — Messrs, 
Gilhey,  Gibson,  and  Kendall. 

Honorary  Secretary  :  —  Mr.  William  Holmes, 
Ftampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney, 


BATH      FLORAL      FETE    :        AUTUMN 
SHOW  :   September  i  and  2. 

As  is  usual  the  exhibits  were  distributed  through 
several  tents  ;  but  a  reform  is  urgently  needed  in 
three  particulars  :—fiist,  the  tents  are  far  too  dark, 
and  on  a  dull  day  it  is  difficult  for  the  judges  to 
properly  inspect  the  exhibits  ;  if  only  white  duck 
could  be  used  instead  of  the  dark  heavy  material  now 
used  for  tents,  the  effect  would  be  so  great  that  Com- 
mittee, exhibitors,  and  judges  would  rejoice  in 
common.  Year  by  year  the  trees  in  the  Sydney 
Gardens  grow  taller  and  thicker,  hence  the  necessity 
lor  tents  admitting  all  the  light  possible.  Secondly, 
the  clumsy  wooden  stages  composed  of  rough  deal 
slabs  should  be  abolished,  and  replaced  by  neat 
trestles  and  tables,  not  so  tall,  and  be  covered  with 
green  baize.  And  the  green  baize  should  be  wide 
enough  to  fall  down  in  front  of  the  tables,  and  hide 
from  view  the  motley  collection  of  boxes,  baskets,  &c., 
that  peep  out  beneath.  This  roughness  is  character- 
istic of  West  of  England  shows  generally.     Thirdly, 


of  the  show  day.     It  leads  to  a  great  deal  of  confu- 
sion, and  it  causes  a  vexatious  delay. 

Fuchsias. 

Fuchsias  have  the  foremost  place  in  the  scheduh 
of  prizes,  and  here  they  were  presented  in  that  fine 
character  for  which  the  district  is  famous.  Mr.  J. 
Lye,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Hay,  ClyfTe  Hall,  Market 
Lavington,  was  1st  with  nine  remarkable  specimens, 
grown  and  flowered  in  his  usual  excellent  style,  the 
varieties  being  Dod's  Favourite,  Thomas  King,  Henry 
Brook,  Benjamin  Pearson,  Final,  and  Floribunda, 
dark  varieties  ;  Lye's  Favourite,  Emily  Bright  and 
Pink  Perfection,  light  sorts  ;  2d,  Mr.  George  Tucker, 
gr.  to  Major  W.  P.  Cla.k,  Trowbridge,  wiih  only 
just  inferior  plants  of  Charming,  very  fine  ;  Dod's 
Favourite,  Bjuntiful,  dark;  and  Mrs.  Lucy  Ti  miss, 
double  white  corolla,  as  his  best  plants.  3d,  Mr.  E. 
Snell,  gr.  to  Mr.  Counsell,  Bath. 

Mr.  J.  Ruddick,  gr.  to  Mr.  Finder,  Bath,  was  1st 
with  six  plants,  staging  excellent  specimens ;  Mr. 
A.  W.  Southam,  gr.  to  F.  J.  Walker,  Esq.,  Bath, 
being  2d. 

The  best  four  were  shown  by  Mr.  Thomas  Jolly, 
gr.  to  A.  Ilawkings,  Esq.,  Bath,  a  veiy  good  lot. 
There  were  classes  also  lor  single  specimens,  light 
and  dark  variety. 

Stove  and  Giieenhouse  Plants. 
Mr.  James  Cypher,  of  Cheltenham,  scored  another 


376 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[September  tS,  1886. 


victory,  being  an  easy  1st  with  twelve  plants  in 
bloom,  his  best  being  Lapageria  alba,  Ixora  Duffi, 
his  huge  Phoenocoma,  Allamanda  nobilis,  Ixora 
Regina,  and  Erica  Aitonii  Tutnbulli  ;  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Longley,  gr.  to  C.  Gardiner,  Esq.;  and  3d,  Mr.  J.  F. 
Mould,  nurseryman,  Pewsey. 

Mr.  Tucker  had  the  best  six  plants,  staging  nice 
fresh  well-grown  and  flowered  examples  of  Bougain- 
villea  glabra,  Lapageria  rosea,  Stephanotis  flori- 
bunda,  Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  Allamanda  Hen- 
derson!, and  Rondeletia  speciosa  major  ;  2d,  Mr. 
\V.  J.  Mould,  gr.  to  E.  E.  Bryant,  Esq.,  with  Alla- 
manda Ilendersoni,  A.  nobilis,  Ixora  amabilis,  Erica 
Eweriana,  &c. 

In  the  classes  for  a  single  specimen  stove,  and 
also  of  greenhouse  plant,  Mr.  J.  Cypher  was  1st. 

Mr.  J.  W.  Mould  had  the  best  new  or  rare  plant, 
staging  Anthurium  Veitchii  ;  Mr.  J.  Mould  being  2d, 
with  Croton  Bergmanni.  Mr.  J.  Cypher  had  the  best 
six  Heaths,  the  specimens  small ;  and  Mr.  J.  F. 
Mould  was  2d. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Mould  had  the  best  three;  Mr.  W.  C. 
Drummond,  nurseryman,  Bath,  being  2d.  There 
was  also  a  class  for  a  single  specimen,  Mr.  J. 
Cypher  was  1st  with  six  Orchids,  showing  nice 
examples  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  C.  Dowiana,  C. 
speciosissima,  Odontoglossum  'grande,  Dendrobium 
bigibbum,  and  Saccolabium  Blumei  ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Heath  &  Son,  nurserymen,  Cheltenham ;  and  3d, 
Mr.  T.  W.  Fisher,  gr.  to  R.  B.  Cator,  Esq.,  Bath. 

Miscellaneous  Flowering  Plants. 

Foremost  among  these  must  be  placed  the  bedding 
Pelargoniums.  The  best  six  specimens— the  best 
grown  and  Bowered  plants  we  have  seen  this  season — 
came  from  Mr.  Tucker,  the  varieties  were  Mrs.  J. 
Gibson,  Evening  Star,  President,  Mrs.  Strutt,  Lizzie 
Brooks,  and  F.  Atkins  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Ruddick. 

Variegated  varieties  were  also  shown  in  sixes  ;  Mr. 
J.  Lye  had  six  excellent  plants  in  the  class  from  which 
tricolors  were  excluded. 

Balsams  were  represented  by  sturdy  well  flowered 
specimens.  Verbenas  were  good.  Petunias  also  ;  there 
were  a  few  good  Achimenes,  Coxcombs  were  very  fine. 

Mr.  A.  A.  Walters,  nurseryman,  Bath,  had  the  best 
three  Liliums ;  Messrs.  G.  Cooling  h  Son,  Bath,  being 
2d.  Mr.  Cypher  had  the  best  specimen  L.  auratum  ; 
J.  Cypher  being  2d. 

Tuberous-rooted  Begonias  were  a  very  fine  feature, 
the  Rev.  Canon  Bernard  had  the  best  six,  including 
Snowflake,  a  very  fine  white ;  Mr.  W.  Gingell. 
gr.  to  W.  ClifTord,  Esq.,  being  2d  ;  and  Mr.  J.Durbin, 
gr.  to  Solomon  Tredwell,  Bath,  3d. 

FlNE-FOLIAGED   PLANTS,    &C. 

The  best  twelve  came  from  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  as  usual, 
a  fine  lot  ;  Mr.  J.  F.  Mould  being  2d.  Mr.  W.  C. 
Drummond  had  the  best  eight  specimens  ;  Mr.  W. 
Dobson  being  2d.  Mr.  Cypher  had  the  best  single 
specimen ;  Mr.  Drummond  coming  in  2d.  Mr.  J. 
Lye  was  placed  1st,  with  six  capital  specimens  of 
Coleus,  well  grown  and  the  leaves  finely  coloured. 

Ferns  were  shown  in  collections  of  fifteen  and  nine. 
With  the  larger  number  Mr.  J.  Coke,  gr.  to  A.  P. 
Stancombe,  Esq.,  Trowbridge,  was  1st  with  a 
medium-sized,  fresh  and  very  even  lot ;  Mr.  W.  J. 
Mould  being  2d ;  and  Mr.  Tucker,  3d.  In  the 
class  for  nine  plants,  Mr.  Thomas  Tinckle,  gr.  to 
Thos.  Carr,  Esq.,  Bath,  was  1st,  with  a  very 
good  lot,  having  Davallia  Mooreana,  D.  canariensis, 
and  D.  Tyermani,  Gymnogramma  Martensi,  Also- 
phila  excelsa,  Adiantum  cuneatum,  A.  gracillimum, 
&c.;  2d,  Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond,  Bath.  British 
Ferns  were  also  shown  in  collections  of  fifteen. 

Cot  Flowers. 

A  very  fine  collection  of  thirty-six  spikes  of  Gladioli 
came  from  Mr.  S.  Bird,  gr.  to  S.  Dobree,  Esq., 
Wellington,  shown  in  his  best  style ;  Mr.  G.  S. 
Walters,  Chippenham,  being  2d.  Mr.  James  Tout 
had  the  best  twelve  spikes  ;  Mr.  S.  Tottle  being  2d. 
Dahlias  were  numerously  and  finely  shown.  Messrs. 
Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  Salisbury,  were  1st  with 
twenty-four  blooms,  the  leading  blooms  being  Colonist, 
Harry  Keith,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Vice-President,  Con- 
stancy, Henry  Bond,  William  Rawlings,  Miss 
Cannell,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Mrs.  Shirley  Hibberd, 
Lord  Chelmsford,  John  Wyatt,  &c. ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Humphries,  Florist,  Chippenham. 

Mr.  Henry  Bush,  Bath,  had  the  best  twelve ;  Mr. 
Humphries  being  2d. 

Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  had  the  best  nine  fancy 
varieties,  staging  excellent  blooms  of  Gaiety,  Rebecca, 
Pelican,  Fanny  Sturt,  Henry  Glasscock,  Rev.  J.  B. 
M'Camm,  General  Gordon,  Salamander,  and  a  seed- 
ling; 2d,  Mr.  G.  Humphries. 

Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  also  had  the  best  twelve 
bunches  of  single  Dahlias,  Mr.  A.  A.  Walters  being 
2d,  and  M.  T.  Tinckle  3d. 

Roses  were  well  shown  also.  Mr.  J.  Mattock, 
nurseryman,  Oxford,  had  the  best  twenty-four,  three 
of  each,  the  following  being  especially  noticeable  : — 
Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  Madame  H.  Jamain,  Perle 
det  Jardins,    Souvenir  de   Paul   Neron,   Marie   van 


Houtte,  Jean  Pernet,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Campbell,  gr. 
to  J.  P.  Budd,  Esq.,  Bath  ;  Mr.  W.  Smith  had  the 
best  twelve,  three  blooms  of  each,  Mr.  W.  Narroway, 
Oxford,  being  2d  ;  Mr.  Smith  was  also  1st  with 
twelve  single  blooms  ;  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd  being  2d. 

Mr.  A.  Hawkins  was  1st,  with  twelve  varieties  of 
Verbenas,  six  trusses  in  a  bunch,  staging  a  very  good 
lot;  Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling  &  Son  being  2d.  The 
last  named  had  the  best  twelve  bunches  of  zonal 
Pelargoniums,  staging  a  very  fine  lot  indeed  ;  Mr.  J. 
Mattock  being  2d. 

Asters,  both  French  and  German,  were  very  fine 
indeed,  and  very  numerous.  The  best  twenty-four 
blooms  of  German  Asters  came  from  Mr.  W.  T-  Jones, 
gr.  to  J.  S.  Pope,  Esq.,  Bath;  Mr.  A.  A."  Walters 
being  2d.  Mr.  Evry  had  the  best  twenty-four  French 
Asters  ;  Mr.  W.  J.  Jones  being  2d. 

Phloxes,  in  spikes,  in  twelve  varieties,  were  well 
shown  by  Messrs.  W.  Luton  &  J.  Mattock. 

The  best  twenty-four  bunches  of  cut  flowers  came 
from  Messrs.  Heath  &  Co.,  Cheltenham,  but  they 
risked  the  chance  of  disqualification  by  putting  up 
four  or  five  varieties  of  Gloxinias  in  a  bunch,  the 
exhibit  being  restricted  to  twenty-four  varieties  ;  Mr. 
W.  C.  Drummond  was  2d,  but  with  a  much  less 
valuable  collection. 

Table  Decorations,  Bouquets,  &c. 

Mr.  J.  Cypher  had  the  best  centre-piece  for  a 
dinner-table ;  Mr.  W.  Dobson  being  2d.  These 
were  done  in  the  best  taste,  and  the  same  exhibitors 
were  also  tst  and  2d  with  a  hand  bouquet.  Bouquets 
of  wild  flowers  were  also  largely  and  admirably 
shown  ;  and  epergnes  of  the  same  also  ;  also  collec- 
tion of  twenty-four  bunches. 

Fruit. 

It  was  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  finest  exhibi- 
tions of  fruit  seen  in  Bath  for  some  time.  The  best 
collection  of  eight  dishes  came  from  Mr.  Nash,  gr.  to 
the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  Badminton,  who  had  a  very 
good  lot,  consisting  of  Alicante  and  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria Grapes,  Bellegarde  Peaches,  Nectarine  Vic- 
toria (?),  Apples,  Figs,  Washington  Plum  and  Melon. 
2d,  Mr.  Pratt,  gr,  to  the  Marquis  of  Bath,  Longleat, 
with  fine  Black  Hamburgh,  and  Muscat  of  Alexan- 
dria Grapes  and  Figs.  3d,  Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to  W. 
H.  Long,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood,  Ashton.  Mr.  Miller 
was  the  only  exhibitor  of  a  Pine,  and  was  placed  ist 
with  a  good  Queen. 

The  class  for  eight  bunches  of  Grapes  resulted  in  a 
close  tussle  between  Mr.  Taylor,  formerly  of  Longleat, 
and  now  gr.  to  Mr.  Alderman  Chaffin,  Bath,  and  Mr. 
Pratt ;  the  former  was  placed  Ist  with  fine  and  well 
finished  examples  of  Gros  Maroc,  Alicante,  Alnwick 
seedling  and  well  finished  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  Mr. 
Pratt  had  the  fine  Black  Hamburghs,  Alicante,  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  for  which  he  is  so  famous,  the 
latter  were  remarkably  fine,  and  Mrs.  Place's  Muscats 
his  weakest  pair. 

Mr.  Marchant,  gr.  to  Jerom  Murch,  Esq.,  Bath, 
had  the  best  three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh,  beat- 
ing Mr.  Pratt,  who  was  2d. 

Mr.  Pratt  was  1st  with  three  excellent  bunches  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  Mr.  J.  Elliott,  gr.  to  H.  W. 
Tugwell,  Esq.,  Bath,  being  2d.  Mr.  J.  Milton,  gr. 
to  J.  Macpherson,  Esq.,  was  the  only  exhibitor  of 
Gros  Colmar,  showing  rather  indifferent  bunches. 
Mr.  A.  Young,  gr.  to  B.  Thomas,  Esq.,  was  1st  with 
two  bunches  of  any  other  white,  having  Buckland 
Sweetwater  ;  Mr.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Cork, 
Marston  House,  Frome,  being  2d  with  the  same.  In 
the  class  for  any  other  black,  Mr.  Nash  was  Ist  with 
Alicante,  Mr.  E.  G.  Peacock  was  2d  with  the  same. 
Melons  were  very  plentiful,  Mr.  Iggulden  had  the 
best  dish  of  nine  Peaches,  showing  capital  Barring- 
ton  ;  Mr.  Pymm,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Goldsworth,  Trow- 
bridge, being  2d  with  Exquisite.  Mr.  J.  Derham 
was  Ist  with  a  dish  of  six,  having  fine  fruit  of  Ford's 
Seedling;  Mr.  H.  Lewis,  gr.  to  B.  Castle,  Esq., 
being  2d  with  Royal  George.  Mr.  J.  Murch  had  the 
best  nine  Nectarines,  staging  Victoria  ;  Mr.  G.  Pymm 
being  2d  with  Pine-apple. 

Nectarines,  in  dishes  of  six,  were  poorly  shown. 

Plums,  Figs,  Cherries,  Filberts,  Pears,  and  Apples, 
were  all  very  good,  and  in  great  numbers. 

Vegetables. 

Vegetables  were  in  strong  force  also.  Mr.  Miller, 
Rood  Ashton  Gardens,  had  the  best  collection  of 
eight  dishes,  one  of  the  best  collections  this  excellent 
gardener  has  ever  staged  ;  it  consisted  of  Cauliflowers, 
Artichokes,  Turnips,  Ne  Plus  Ultra  Peas,  Rowsham 
Park  Onion,  Tomatos,  Runner  Beans,  and  Potatos. 
2d,  Mr.  T.  Evry  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Smith.  The  prizes 
in  this  class  were  presented  by  Messrs,  Sutton  & 
Sons. 

Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.  gave  the  prizes  in  the 
class  for  six  varieties  :  here  Mr.  E.  J.  Day,  gr.  to  W. 
Emerton,  Esq.,  was  1st  ;  and  Mr.  George  Snow,  gr. 
to  Colonel  Grant,  2d. 

In  another  class  for  six  vaiietiei,  Mr.  F.  March 
wai  Ist,  and  Mr.  George  Horsell  2d. 

Collections  of  vegetables  shown  by  cottagers  were 


very  fine,  and  they  staged  excellent  Potatos  ;  the  best 
four  dishes  came  from  Mr.  G.  Whale,  who  had  Vicar  of 
Laleham,  Schoolmaster,  and  two  others  bearing  local 
names.  Mr.  John  Green  was  2d  with  American 
Purple  King,  American  Rose,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  and 
Wiltshire  Giant. 

Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  Mr.  T.  S.Ware, 
Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  for  a  fine  repre- 
sentative collection  of  Dahlias ;  and  to  Messrs.  G. 
Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath,  for  Dahlias,  Roses,  &c.  A 
stand  of  cut  Begonias  from  Solomon  Tread  well,  Esq., 
was  Highly  Commended. 


BLACKPOOL. 


The  first  show  of  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables, 
was  held  in  the  Winter  Garden  on  the  9th,  loth,  and 
nth. 

Groups. 

The  principal  feature  of  the  plant  department  was 
the  groups  arranged  for  effect ;  but  we  were  at  a 
loss  to  know  on  what  grounds  the  judges  came 
to  the  decision  they  did  in  awarding  the  1st 
prize  in  the  large  group  to  Mr.  Featherstone, 
of  Leeds,  whose  group  was  formal  and  stilT, 
while  that  exhibited  by  Mr.  Williams,  gr.  to  S. 
Baerlin,  Esq.,  of  Didsbury,  and  awarded  2d,  was 
light  and  graceful,  containing  many  novelties  of 
sterling  merit.  These  groups  covered  a  space  of  300 
square  feet  ;  for  150  square  feet,  Mr.  Featherstone 
was  rightly  awarded  the  1st,  while  the  2d  went  to 
Mr.  Wood  of  Burnley. 

Plants. 
For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  Sower  :  1st, 
Mr.  Williams,  gr.  to  S.  Baerlin,  Esq. 

The  only  exhibitor  for  Orchids  was  Mr.  Thornboro, 
who  showed  three  well  flowered  plants  of  Cattleya 
Gaskelliana  and  Harrisoniana,  and  Odontoglossum 
grande,  while  a  good  O.  Alexandra  with  fine  spike 
was  1st  for  single  specimen, 

For  table  plants  the  competition  was  keen  :  J.  Hill, 
of  Rochdale,  was  Ist ;  2d,  Mr.  Williams. 

For  six  exotic  Ferns,  1st,  Mr.  Thornboro,  who 
showed  nice  clean  specimens ;  2d,  Mr.  Williams,  who 
showed  well,  but  his  varieties  were  not  so  distinct 
specimens. 

Cut  Flowers. 
These  were  only  fair,  with  the   exception  of  the 
herbaceous  collections,  the  1st  for  which  was  awarded 
to  Messrs.  J.    R.   Callam  ;  2d,    Mr.   Shaw  ;    3d,    P, 
Card  well. 

There  were  very  good  Roses  :  Ist  for  eighteen 
distinct  went  to  Messrs.  Callam  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cardwell. 

Dahlias  were  also  fair,  the  Ist  for  twenty-lour  and 
twelve  both  being  awarded  to  Mr.  C.  Rylance,  Mr. 
W.  Shaw  being  2d  in  both  classes. 

Asters,  Carnations  and  Picotees,  Gladioli,  &c., 
were  shown  in  quantity,  but  call  for  no  comment. 

Bouquets^  BttttonhoUs,  and  Sprays,  were  shown  in 
quantity,  but,  as  is  so  often  the  case,  the  former  were 
far  too  crowded.  The  Ist  in  both  ball  and  wedding 
was  awarded  to  Mr,  Featherstone,  while  both  2d 
went  to  Mr.  Rylance.  Mr.  Thornboro  was  Ist  for 
button-holes — a  decent  lot,  and  also  for  a  ladies' 
spray. 

Fruit. 
We   cannot   speak   highly   of  the  quality    of   the 
fruit,  although  a  few  decent  dishes  were  shown. 

For  collections  of  six  varieties,  Ist,  Mr.  W.  Shaw, 
who  had  a  good  Melon  and  Peaches,  fair  Grapes, 
Cherries,  Plums,  and  Pears  ;  2d,  Mr.  Thos.  Hare, 
Grantham. 

For  white  and  black  Grapes,  two  bunches,  Mr,  W. 
Smith,  of  Chorley,  was  1st. 
The  heaviest  bunch  came  from  Mr.  Thompson. 
A  Pine  from  Col.  Dixon  secured  1st ;  while  the 
first  in  each  class  for  Figs,  Melons,  and  Nectarines 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  Hare. 

A  fine  half-dozen  Peaches  from  Mr.  Thompson 
secured  him  1st. 

Col.  Dixon  was  1st  for  Apricots. 
Apples  were  shown  in  quantity.     Mr.  Rylance  was 
Ist  for  culinary ;  while  for  dessert  Messrs.  Callam's 
was  the  best  exhibition. 

Vegelables. — The  classes  for  collection  only  brought 
one  exhibitor,  who  was  worthily  awarded  the  highest 
honours  for  a  good,  well-grown  assortment,  A  good 
brace  of  Cucumbers  from  Mr.  Thornboro  was  1st  in 
its  class. 

Special  Prizes, 

Special  prizes  were  offered  by  Messrs.  Webb  & 
Son,  of  Stourbridge,  viz.,  a  handsome  centre-piece, 
for  meritorious  exhibits  not  mentioned  in  schedule, 
which  was  awarded  to  the  Liverpool  Horticultural 
Company  for  a  collection  of  plants. 

A  pair  of  vases  from  Mr.  J.  Wedgewood,  Stoke- 
on-Trent,  to  Messrs,  Callam,  for  a  collection  of  cut 
Roses ;  a  half  specimen  Adiantum  Farleyense,  by 
Messrs.  Birkenhead,  of  Sale. 

A  Certificate  of  Merit  and  a  Special  Prize  were 
awarded  to  Mrs.  Southam,  of  New  Brighton,  for  her 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


377 


handsome  dried  picture  flower  groups ;  and  a  Certifi- 
cate of  Merit  to  Messrs.  Morley  &  Son,  for  flowers  of 
double  and  single  tuberous  Begonias, 


GLASGOW  AND  WEST   OF   SCOTLAND 
HORTICULTURAL:   Sept.  8. 

The  entries  were  greatly  in  excess  of  those  of  former 
years,  and  the  quality  of  the  exhibits  was  very  high. 
Although  the  season  from  a  horticultural  point  of 
view  has  not  been  one  of  the  best,  it  has  been  a  fairly 
good  one,  and  until  last  Sunday— when  one  of  the 
most  severe  rainstorms  experienced  in  recent  years 
passed  over  the  district— gardeners  had  not  much  to 
complain  of.  For  the  first  time  since  the  shows  of  the 
Society  have  been  held  in  St.  Andrew's  Hall  all  the 
available  space  in  the  large  building  was  utilised. 
The  entrance  hall  was  surrounded  with  tables  for  the 
display  of  cut  flowers,  which  also  occupied  one  of  the 
lesser  halls.  The  other  small  hall  was  filled  with 
vegetables,  and  the  great  hall  was  almost  entirely 
occupied  with  decorative  plants  of  large  size.  The 
striking  feature  about  the  exhibition  here  was,  that 
while  there  was  plenty  of  colour  among  the  exhibits 
there  was  not  a  great  wealth  of  bloom.  The  general 
effect,  however,  was  very  good,  and  was  produced  by 
the  judicious  arrangement  of  foliage  plants.  The 
platform,  which,  as  usual,  was  handed  over  to  Messrs. 
J.  &  R.  Thyne  for  decoration,  had  on  it  a  hne  collec- 
tion of  stove  plants,  rising  tier  on  tier  up  to  a  fringe 
of  very  graceful  Palm  trees.  Among  the  whole  there 
was  not  a  single  blossom.  Variety  was  imparted  to 
the  display  by  the  grouping  here  and  there  of  a 
number  of  the  firm's  Crotons,  Thyneii  and  Regina, 
which,  although  they  have  already  been  exhibited, 
were  new  to  most  of  those  who  saw  them  yesterday. 
Ttie  Messrs.  Thyne  received  a  special  Certificate  for 
them  from  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  So- 
ciety, but  neither  of  the  plants  have  yet  been  put  into 
commerce.  The  greater  portion  of  the  area  of  the 
hall  was  occupied  with  tibles  of  plants  arranged  for 
effect.  In  all  there  were  no  fewer  than  six  entries. 
The  1st  priz;,  along  with  which  was  also  award >d  a 
Gold  Medal  given  by  Mr.  John  L.  Henderson,  Vice- 
President  of  the  Society,  was  gained  by  Mr.  Ross, 
er.  to  Mr.  George  Ferguson,  Trinidad  Villa,  Ibrox. 
The  table  was  very  well  finished,  banks  of  Ferns  and 
Crotons,  interspersed  with  Lilies,  rising  nicely 
upwards  to  the  central  feature,  a  small  Palm  tree, 
which,  if  anything,  however,  seemed  a  little  too  large 
for  the  size  of  the  table.  The  edges  were  tastefully 
screened  with  plants  and  grasses  of  a  drooping  habit. 
All  the  specimens  in  the  collection  were  noteworthy 
for  their  fine,  clean,  fresh  growth.  The  table  which 
was  placed  2d,  was  not  so  well  covered,  there  being 
a  deficiency  in  the  groundwork,  and  the  top  plant 
— also  a  Palm  tree— was  decidedly  too  heavy  The 
specimens  were  not  so  cleanly  grown  as  those  on  the 
1st  prize  table. 

The  competition  for  Orchids  brought  out  only  four 
entries,  two  in  each  class.  The  1st  prize  for  one 
plant  was  carried  off'  by  Mr.  Peter  Walker,  Hope 
Park,  Bonnybridge,  with  Vanda  Smderiana,  which 
seemed  to  be  well  established,  and  was  in  magnificent 
flower. 

Mr.  J.  Macleod,  Brentham  Park,  Stirling,  was  lit 
for  two  Orchids  with  Ccelogyne  Massangeana  and  a 
Cattleya. 

The  cut  flowers  all  round  were  of  capital  quality. 
Chief  among  them,  the  Dahlias,  were  noteworthy 
for  the  admirable  manner  in  which  they  were  exhi- 
bited. The  1st  prize,  with  Silver  Medal  given  by 
Mr.  William  E.  Taylor,  one  of  the  Honorary  Directors 
of  the  Association,  was  gained  by  Mr.  D.  McFarlane, 
Finnart  Gardens,  Greenock,  with  a  collection  of 
twenty-four  blooms,  among  which  were  Vice  Presi- 
dent, Harrison  Weir,  Statesman,  Madam  Soubyre, 
and  Mrs.  Gladstone. 

Messrs.  Samuel  M'Gredy  k  Son,  Woodside 
Nurseries.  Porladown,  sent  a  stand  of  Cactus  and 
bouquet  Dahlias,  which,  although  they  had  been 
lather  knocked  about  in  the  passage  across  the 
Channel,  staged  very  well.  One  of  the  sorts,  a  real 
Cactus  Dahlia,  Glare  of  the  Garden,  attracted  a  good 
deal  of  attention  on  account  of  its  good  form,  sub- 
stance, and  exceedingly  bright  hue.  Messrs.  M  'Gredy 
also  sent  twenty-four  hybrid  perpetual  Rose  blooms, 
which,  considering  the  lateness  of  the  season,  were  in 
capital  condition. 

Several  old-fashioned  garden  favourites  turned  up 
among  the  cut  flowers.  Mr.  Campbell.  High  Blan- 
tyre,  for  instance,  sent  a  good  collection  of  Hollyhocks. 
Among  these  were  two  seedlings,  John  Lyon  and  Sir 
Garnet  Wolseley,  the  one  a  full  primrose,  the  other  a 
claret  or  plum.  The  judges  awarded  him  a  First-class 
Certificate  of  Merit  for  a  seedling  Picotee,  Mrs. 
Campbell,  a  white  delicately  edged  with  pink, 
Mr.  J.  Baxter,  Daldowie,  also  received  a  Certificate 
for  a  seedling  Viola,  called  York  and  Lancaster, 
because  its  petals  are  striped  in  the  same  way  as  those 
of  the  old-fashioned  single  rose  of  that  name.  Mr. 
Baxter  likewise  took  1st  place  in  the  competition  for 
twelve  bunches  of  Violas. 


Of  the  vegetables  the  general  opinion  was  that  they 
were  the  finest  yet  seen  in  the  West  of  Scotland, 
Mr.  Donald  M'Bean,  gr.  to  Mr.  J.  C.  Cunningham, 
Craigends,  as  usual,  carried  off  the  chief  honours. 

The  display  of  fruit  was  not  very  large,  but  it  was 
good  as  far  as  it  went. 


DUMFRIES   FLOWER   SHOW. 

In  the  Mechanics'  Hall  the  centre  of  the  floor  was 
occupied  by  the  four  tables  of  plants,  16  feet  by  8, 
entered  for  competition  in  the  open  class.  That  of 
Mr.  W.  H.  Scott,  of  Nunfield,  which  was  justly  placed 
1st  on  the  prize  list,  arrested  attention  by  the  effect  of 
the  grouping,  the  blending  of  shades  being  skilfully 
and  tastefully  managed.  The  principal  plants  in  the 
group  were  Crotons,  Palms,  Dracaenas,  &c. ,  with  a 
nice  lot  of  Orchids  in  bloom  dotted  throijgh  ; 
and  it  was  edged  with  a  fringe  of  Panicum 
variegatum  and  Isolepis  gracilis.  In  the  group 
shown  by  Messrs.  Clark  Brothers,  C-arlisle,  who 
received  2d  prize  the  csntre  was  made  up  with  a 
beautiful  Cocos  Weddelliana  Palm,  set  round  with 
Eulalia  japonica.  There  was  a  little  sprinkling 
of  Cel:>sia  pyramidalis  in  the  group ;  and  it  was 
dotted  throughout  with  Crotons  of  very  high  colour. 
At  each  corner  there  were  Palms,  set  round  with 
scarlet  Begonias,  this  arrangement  being  very  effective ; 
the  edging  was  Panicum  and  Isolepis.  Captain 
Maxwell,  of  Terregles,  who  was  placed  3!  in  order  of 
merit,  showed  a  group,  the  centre  of  which  was  com- 
posed of  fine  Palms  and  a  magnificent  DracKna  ;  it 
was  ioter^psrsed  with  Orchids,  a  few  Chrysanthe- 
mums in  flower,  and  beautifully  coloured  srnall 
Crotons  ;  the  edging  was  Panicum.  Mr.  Service, 
Maxwelltown,  showed  a  greater  mass  of  blooms  than 
any  of  the  others,  his  group  presenting  quite  a  gay 
appearance. 

On  the  left  of  the  hall,  on  entering,  were  staged 
most  of  the  pot  plant  exhibits  in  the  professional  class. 
In  ornamental  foliage  plants  there  was  good  com- 
petition. The  best  plant  of  the  whole  lot  was  a 
Croton  D'lsraeli,  which  was  shown  by  Mr.  Scott,  of 
Nunfield,  in  his  group  ;  it  was  beautifully  coloured, 
well  grown,  and  in  every  way  a  gem.  The  other 
collections  consisted  chiefly  of  Crotons,  Palms,  and 
Pandaous.  The  stove  or  greenhouse  plant  flowers 
were  in  fine  condition. 

In  the  amateurs'  class,  which  was  staged  on  the 
right  side  of  the  hall,  there  were  also  tables  of  plants 
for  competition  similar  to  the  gardeners',  but  of  a 
smaller  size.  In  these  the  display  was  very  attractive. 
The  amaeurs'  pot  plants  all  through  were  a  most 
creditable  iot.  The  gardeners'  pot  Petunias,  Chry- 
santhemum;, &=-,  which  were  on  this  side  of  the  hall, 
formed  a  nice  group  of  well-flowered  plants. 

The  platform  was  principally  devoted  to  fruit  and 
table  plants,  which  were  effec  ively  arranged  on  a 
raised  board  behind  the  Grapes,  or  in  front  of  them, 
looking  from  the  body  of  the  hall.  Grapes  particularly 
were  very  fine,  the  majority  of  them  being  well  grown, 
and  the  bloom  magnificent. 

There  were  three  collections  of  wild  frjit  entered. 
In  two— one  of  which  was  awarded  the  1st  prize— no 
less  than  fifty  different  varieties  were  exhibited. 

To  hive  the  cut  flowers  in  the  gallery  instead  of 
the  vegetables,  as  in  former  years,  was  a  very  great 
improvement.  Roses  were  very  fine,  probably  better 
than  they  have  ever  been  at  our  autumn  shows  ;  and 
Gladioli  and  Dahlias  were  also  well  worthy  of 
mention.     Marigolds  were  very  nice  all  through. 

In  the  Market  Hall,  which  was  devoted  princi- 
pally to  what  may  be  called  the  "useful"  or  kitchen 
grrden  department  of  the  exhibition,  were  also  placed 
a  number  of  plants  for  which  no  room  could  be  found 
in  the  larger  building.  Here  were  also  shown  the 
collections  of  Ferns  gathered  in  Damfriesshire— a 
very  interesting  exhibit.  The  1st  prize  fell  to  a  lot 
of  eighteen.  The  2d  group  was  one  of  twenty  ;  but  in 
the  1st  the  plants  were  considered  better  grown. 

The  vegetables  were  on  the  whole  meritorious. 
The  collections  in  both  gardeners'  and  amateurs' classes 
showed  care  in  cultivation.  These  were  staged  on 
the  centre  table,  where  were  also  Onions,  Beans,  &c 
The  collections  of  Potatos,  which  were  remarkably 
fine,  and  Cabbages,  Leeks,  &c.,  were  on  the  side 
tables— the  professional  classes  on  the  left,  and  the 
amateurs  on  the  right.  Leeks,  Celery,  and  Onions 
were  grown  to  a  great  size  ;  and  the  pots  01  Parsley, 
both  in  the  gardeners'  and  amateurs'  class,  reflected 
great  credit  on  their  exhibitors.  Condensed  from  the 
•*  Dumfries  Standard,^^ 


PAISLEY    HORTICULTURAL    SHOW: 

September  2  and  3. 
The  grand  autumn  exhibition  was  held  in  the 
Clark  Town  Hall,  which,  with  the  minor  hall  and 
the  picture  gallery,  were  filled  by  the  exhibits.  The 
centre  of  the  hall  was  largely  occupied  by  four  huge 
tables,  three  of  which  contained  the  exhibits  of  Mr. 
Stewart  Clark,  Kilnside  (gr.,  Mr.  Allan  Henderson) ; 
Mr.  Arch.  Coats,  Woodside   (gr.,  Mr.  lames  Beve- 


ridge);  and  Mrs.  Coats,  Ferguslie  (gr.,  Mr.  Duncan 
McDonald).  The  fourth  table  was  taken  up  by  com- 
petitors' exhibits. 

The  table  of  exhibits  from  Woodside  was  centred 
by  a  fine  Kentia  Forsteriana,  with  a  pair  of  Cocos 
Weddeliana,  and  bottomed  with  two  magnificent 
Gleichenias,  springing  from  the  centre  of  which  was 
a  fine  Lilium  auratum,  fronted  with  a  magnificent 
Nepenthes  Rafflesiana ;  also  two  very  fine  Mar- 
nockiana  Heaths,  and  a  mixture  of  miscellaneous 
flowering  and  foliage  plants,  not  the  least  conspicuous 
of  which  were  Nepenthes  Lawrenceana  and  san- 
guinea,  the  whole  being  fronted  with  a  fringe  of  Club 
mosses  and  Russian  grasses. 

The  Kilnside  table  was  centred  by  a  spacious 
Latania  borbonica,  flanked  with  two  nice  Arecas, 
with  a  splendid  Ixora  and  two  beautiful  specimen 
Pancratiums,  with  their  white  flowers  relieved  by  a 
dark  Dracjena,  and  fronted  by  a  large  collection  of 
Heaths,  among  which  were  retorta  major,  Turn- 
bullix,  Irbyana,  and  Marnockiana ;  these,  again, 
were  fronted  by  a  choice  assortment  of  Orchids, 
among  which  were  noticeable  some  fine  Odontoglos- 
sum  Alexandras  and  grande,  and  a  very  good  Catt- 
leya Gaskelliana,  fringed  with  an  assortment  of 
Maidenhair  Ferns,  the  tassellated  Pacottii  being 
prominent. 

The  table  with  the  exhibits  from  Ferguslie  was 
centred  by  two  very  fine  Alsophila  australis,  relieved 
by  grandly  flowered  Japanese  Lilies  and  a  leathery 
Coxcomb,  giving  a  variety  of  colour  which  was 
exceedingly  pleasing.  Celosias  and  Crotons  in 
v.ariety,  and  DracKoas  interspersed  with  Vallotas,  and 
scarlet  Pelargoniums  with  a  parti-coloured  Acalypha 
and  numerous  Maidenhair  Ferns,  making  a  very 
pretty  and  pleasing  effect.  The  fourth  table  com- 
prised many  fine  competitive  exhibits. 

The  four  house  plants,  the  1st  prize  for  which,  was 
taken  by  Mr.  James  Maxwell  (gr.  to  Mrs.  Arthur, 
Barshaw),  were  very  good,  comprising  Anthurium 
Scherzerianum,  a  fine  specimen  Lapageria,  and  well- 
flowered  Heaths,  the  best  of  which  was  Aitonii  Turn- 
bullii.  The  2d  prize  contained  a  good  Euchans 
amazonica.  . 

The  1st  prize  for  two  house  plants  was  gained  by 
Mr.  Alexander  Johnstone,  gr.  to  Mr.  Wood,  Oak- 
shaw,  and  comprised  a  beautifully  grown  Erica  Mar- 
nockiana and  Statice  profusa. 

The  Pelargoniums  in  the  different  classes  were  a 
good  exhibition,  as  fine  as  is  generally  found  in  aay 
exhibition  in  the  country,  being  well  grown  and  pro- 
fusely flowered.  The  1st  prize  Gladioli  (Mr.  Matthew 
Smith,  Prestwick)  were  exceedingly  fine.  Bjth  single 
and  double  Dahlias  formed  very  meritorious  exhibits. 
Orchids  were  small,  but  very  nicely  flowered.  British 
Ferns  were  a  particularly  fine  exhibition,  as  also  were 
Club  mosses. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables 
were  very  good,  Mr.  James  Wdls,  S'-t  Southbar, 
taking  1st  prize  for  a  collection  of  fruit  with  an 
exceedingly  good  basket.  The  same  gentleman  also 
took  1st  prize  for  the  collection  of  vegetables.  The 
Grapes  as  a  whole  were  creditable,  and  Apples  and 
Pears  were  very  good  indeed.  Peaches,  Melons,  and 
Plums,  were  a  scant  exhibition.  The  table  plants  in 
the  gardeners'  class  were  shown  in  the  loggia  along 
with  the  fruit,  and  were  both  select  and  varied. 
The  bouquets  were  beautiful  in  point  of  colour  and 
arrangement,  but  rather  formal. 

The  exhibits  from  the  different  local  nurserymen 
lent  additional  interest  to  the  exhibition.  Mr. 
William  Dickson  had  a  good  table  of  miscel- 
laneous plants,  flowering  and  foliage,  suitable  for 
greenhouse  and  table  decoration.  Messrs.  A.  Patti- 
son  &  Son  had  a  mixed  assortment  of  useful  decorative 
plants.  Messrs.  William  Paul  &  Son,  Crossflat  Nur- 
sery,  had  a  very  fine  lot  of  Palms,  Lilies,  and 
decorative  plants.  Messrs.  Wm.  Thomson  &  Son, 
Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  sent  a  very  nice  lot  of 
Grapes. 

©ijitttttts. 

Mr.  William  Stewart.  —  With  regret  we  have 
to  record  the  sudden  death  of  Mr.  W.  Stewart,  the 
head  of  the  firm  of  John  Stewart  &  Sons,  nurserymen 
and  seedsmen,  Dundee  and  Broughty  Ferry.  This 
business  was  established  in  1809  by  Mr.  John  Stewart, 
since  whose  death  it  has  been  conducted  by  his  sons. 
The  deceased,  who  was  the  principal  partner,  carried 
on  the  nursery  department  with  energy  and  success, 
and  through  his  exertions  the  firm  extended  its  opera- 
tions to  England,  starting  a  nursery  at  Ferndown, 
Dorsetshire.  Mr.  William  Stewart  retired  three 
years  ago  from  the  active  management  of  the  firm, 
and  since  then  he  had  lived  in  the  South  of  England, 
and  latterly  in  Greenock.  Mr.  Stewart  was  seized 
with  an  affection  of  the  heart  on  the  Friday,  and  died 
the  following  Sunday,  the  12th  inst.  He  was  in  his 
sixty-first  year,  and  has  left  a  widow  and  family. 


378 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


ISkptember  i8,  1886. 


"  Cox,  OF  Rkdlhaf."— A  fine  old  gardener  passed 
away  from  us  in  this  parish  on  August  30,  and  was 
buried  in  the  country  churchyard  of  Brading  on 
September  2.  A  few  words  in  memory  of  one  who 
was  so  devoted  to  horticulture  will  be  welcome  to  his 
many  friends. 

John  Cox  was  born  in  the  village  of  Buckland,  in 
Berkshire,  in  November,  1814.  His  father  was  principal 
foreman  in  the  gardens  of  Sir  John  Throckmorton. 
From  thence  he  went  toCornbury  Park,  in  Oxfordshire, 
at  which  place  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The 
son  here  entered  fully  into  all  the  details  of  his  busi- 
ness, and  besides  learning  the  mysteries  of  land 
measurement,  geometrical  drawing,  and  suchlike 
things,  he  became  familiar  with  the  management  of 
kitchen  gardens,  the  rotation  of  crops,  &c.,  and  he 
studied  with  interest  the  cultivation  ol  wall  fruit  trees, 
in  which  he  afterwards  excelled.  In  1836  the  late 
Bishop  Spencer,  who  came  to  Cornbury  Park  on  a 
visit,  took  John  Cox  to  his  cottage  ornie  on  the  edge 
of  the  Derbyshire  moors,  and  he  had  to  battle  there 
with  a  very  inclement  climate  for  several  years.  His 
own  words  about  this  matter  are  :— "  On  arriving  at 
my  destination  everything  looked  so  desolate  that  I 
thought  I  had  made  a  great  mistake,  but  after  a  time 
I  became  reconciled  to  the  adverse  climate,  where 
Green  Gages  might  possibly  ripen  once  in  five  years, 
where  Keen's  Seedling  Strawberries  were  magnificent 
in  August,  where  Oak  trees  became  tolerably  green  by 
the  end  of  June,  where  common  Laurels  were  either 
killed  outright  or  were  cut  down  every  year  by  frosts — 
all  so  different  from  the  sunny  south."  But  the  discipline 
was  invaluable,  and  Mr.  Cox  here  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  the  late  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  from  whom 
he  received  many  kindnesses.  From  thence  he 
came  southwards,  and  was  engaged  by  Messrs. 
Knight  and  Perry,  but  the  great  achievements  of  his 
life  were  at  Redleaf,  in  Kent,  where  he  stayed  till  the 
year  1S84,  and  where  there  are  still  many  memorials 
of  his  skill  in  all  that  appertains  to  a  garden. 
Trees  and  shrubs  here  by  thousands  speak  of  him — 
so  to  say — still,  and  splendid  Conifers  and  fine 
rock-work  have  made  these  grounds  the  admiration 
of  everybody  who  has  been  able  to  visit  them.  Perhaps 
in  point  of  rare  and  beautiful  shrubs,  alpine  and 
herbacious  plants  the  gardens  at  Redleaf,  near  Pens- 
hurst,  have  few  to  surpass  them.  Mr.  Cox  wrote 
frequently  in  different  peridicals  on  the  cultivation  of 
fruit.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  pages 
of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  the  J ournal  of  Horticul- 
ture, and  other  gardening  papers.  As  a  landscape 
gardener  he  had  abilities  of  a  very  high  order. 
His  services  were  also  in  request  as  a  judge 
at  the  large  International  and  other  flower  and  fruit 
shows  held  at  South  Kensington,  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  Regent's  Park,  and  the  Crystal  Palace. 
He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
and  for  many  years  he  served  on  the  Fruit  Com- 
mittee, and  in  connection  therewith  he  was  one  of 
the  Associate  Commissioners  for  the  Horticultural 
Department  in  the  Paris  Exhibition  in  the  year  1867. 
Mr.  Cox's  health  for  several  years  had  not  been 
very  robust,  but  in  the  summer  of  iSSl  he  had  a  sun- 
stroke, and  after  this  it  visibly  failed.  He  came  to 
reside  at  The  Firs,  in  St.  John's  parish,  near  Ryde, 
and  latterly  be  has  been  quite  incapacitated  for  all 
occupation.  He  leaves  behind  him  a  widow,  a  son, 
and  two  daughters.  His  son  is  the  much  respected 
teacher  of  drawing  at  the  School  of  Art  in  Ryde, 
which  is  in  connection  with  South  Kensington. 
Horticulture'  may  perhaps  lose  votaries  who  are 
more  widely  known  than  the  subject  of  these  few 
remarks,  but  there  scarcely  can  be  any  who  has  given 
to  it  more  untiringly  the  devotion  of  a  life,  and  who 
followed  out  its  leadings  with  more  devotion  to  the 
end.     H.  B.,  St.  John's,  Ryde. 

[We  are  in  such  thorough  sympathy  with  the 
spirit  and  expression  of  this  tribute  that  we  have  little 
to  add  and  nothing  to  alter  in  it.  Gratitude  to  one 
of  our  oldest  contributors  on  whose  knowledge  and 
judgment  we  could  always  rely,  and  respect  for  a 
man  of  high,  though  unobtrusive  character,  and  great 
professional  ability  induce  us,  however,  to  point  to 
John  Cox  as  a  model  worthy  of  closest  imitation  by 
the  young  race  of  gardeners.  The  respectful  sym- 
pathy of  all  who  knew  him  will  be  with  the  survivors  ; 
while  those  who  only  knew  him  by  repute  will  ex- 
perience a  feeling  of  pride  at  the  record  of  one  who  in 
his  allotted  career  knew  his  work  and  did  it.  A  por- 
trait of  the  late  Mr.  Cox  appeared  in  our  number  for 
September  11,  1875,  where  may  be  read  a  full  and 
very  interesting  account  of  his  career.  Ed.  ] 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON, 
For  thk  Week  kndino  Wednesday,  September  15,  1886. 


Hyerome- 

trical    De- 

Babometkr. 

Temperature  op 
THE  Ajr. 

Wind. 

'< 

Tablea  5th 

a 

Editioo. 

i 

1 

g,       l| 

s 

s( 

.i  a 

X^i 

^i 

s 

'A 

' 

s 

Sa'" 

a 

si 

1 

° 

Sept. 

In.    1    In.    1   , 

. 

p 

„ 

0 

In. 

9 

29.76—0.1469.5 

59-5 

lO.O 

63.5 

+  5-4 

59. 7 

87 

s.w. 

9 

04 

10 

29.62 

—0.2865.5 

50.0 

■55 

57-0 

-   I.o 

55.6 

93 

s.w. 

9 

44 

II 

29.86 

— a04  67.3|49.5 

17.8 

575 

-  0.3 

49-9 

75 

Var. 

° 

00 

13 

2987 

-0.0267.352.3 

■SO 

59.S 

-1-  1.9 

57I 

92 

SS.W. 

0 

00 

■3 

2991 

4-0. 03,74. 5|6o-o 

■4.566  3 

-1-  8.9 

56.0 

70 

S.W. 

0 

00 

.4 

2995 

-l-o.o7]7S.ojss.t 

20..  65.. 

+  79 

56.5 

74 

Var. 

0 

00 

■5 

30.19 

•fo.32 

65.048.5 

16.556.4 

—  0.6 

46.8 

70 

N.E. 

' 

00 

Mean 

2988 

-0.0, 

69.2  53.S 

15.7,60.8 

-t-0,32 

54.5 

81 

S.W. 

' 

48 

9. — Cloudy  ;  rain  till  10  a.m.;  fine  afterwards. 
10. — Morning  fine   but  dull,   then    heavy  rain  till   the 

evening  ;  lowest  temperature  at  night. 
II. — A  fine  day. 

12.— A  fine  day,  frequently  dull,  occasionally  bright. 
13. — A  very  fine  warm  day. 
14. — A  very  fine  warm  day. 
15. —  Fine  morning,  afterwards  dull  and  cold  : 
temperature  at  night. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  II,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30.03 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29.95  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  5th,  increased  to  30.07  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  6th,  decreased  to  29.76  inches  by 
9  A.M.  on  the  loth,  increased  to  30  06  inches  by  the 
morning  of  the  llth,  and  was  30.01  inches  at  the 
end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.98  inches,  being  0.09 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  o.  n  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  73°.  5  on  the  Sth  ;  the  highest 
on  the  nth  was  67°.  3.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  69'*. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  49°.S  on 
the  nth;  the  lowest  on  the  9th  was  59°. 5.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  S5°.6. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
I7°.S  on  the  nth  ;  the  smallest  was  10°  on  the  9th. 
The  mead  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  I3''.3. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  64°.!  on  the 
5th  ;  63°.3  on  the  6th  ;  6i°.2  on  the  7th  ;  6o°.6  on 
the  Sth  ;  63°.5  on  the  9th  ;  59°  on  the  loth ; 
and  57°. 7  on  the  nth.  These  were  all  above 
their  averages  with  the  exception  of  the  nth,  which 
was  o°.3  below  ;  by  5°.5,  4°.9,  2°.8,  2''.3,  5°.4,  and  1° 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  6i°.3, 
being  s°.8  lower  than  last  week,  and  3°.i  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  124°  on  the  6th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  readings  was  Ii4°.i. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  n.  the  highest  temperatures  were  76° 
at  Cambridge,  75°  at  Leeds,  and  74°.2  at  Notting- 
ham ;  the  highest  at  Plymouth  and  Sunderland  was 
67°,  and  at  Bradford  was  67''.S.  The  general  mean 
was  70°.  4. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Wolverhampton 
39°.  I,  and  at  Truro  and  Sheftield  42°;  the  lowest 
at  Liverpool  was  49°.  6,  at  Blackheath,  49°.  5,  and  at 
Bradford,  Sunderland,  Preston  and  Newcastle  48°, 
The  general  mean  was  45".  7- 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  33°.  3,  at 
Nottingham  30°,  and  at  Wolverhampton  29°.2 ; 
the  least  ranges  were  at  Sunderland  19°,  at  Bradford 
1 9°.  8,  and  at  Newcastle  20°.  The  general  mean 
was  24°.  8. 

The  mean  ot  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 


highest  at  Cambridge  72°. 6,  at  Leeds  70°.4,  and  at 
Blackheath  69°  ;  and  lowest  at  Sunderland  62°,  7, 
at  Plymouth,  64°. 9,  and  at  Wolverhampton,  65°. 2. 
The  general  mean  was  66^.9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Blackheath  55°.6,  at  Plymouth  52°,8  ; 
and  at  Bradford  52°. 5  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolver- 
hampton 46°.7,  at  Truro  49°.7,  and  at  Sunderland, 
5o''.4.     The  general  mean  was  51°. 5. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge 
20°. 6,  at  Leeds  18^.7,  and  at  Wolverhampton  iS^.s 
and  was  least  at  Plymouth  12. °I,  at  Sunderland  I2°.3, 
and  at  Blackheath  and  Bradford  13°.  3.  The  general 
mean  was  15°.  4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath 
6l".5,  at  Cambridge  60^.9,  and  at  Leeds  59*.7  ; 
and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton  54°.  5,  at  Sunder- 
land 55°. I,  and  at  Newcastle  57°. i.  The  general 
mean  was  57°. 8, 

Rain  fell  on  every  day  at  Nottingham,  on  five  or 
six  days  at  most  places,  but  on  two  only  at  Cambridge. 
The  largest  falls  were  2.74  inches  at  Preston,  1.95 
inch  at  Liverpool,  and  1.16  inch  at  Bristol.  The 
smallest  falls  were  0.42  inch  at  Nottingham,  and  0,45 
inch  at  Cambridge  and  Leeds.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  0.98  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  nth,  the  highest  temperature  was  7o''2. 
at  Greenock  ;  the  highest  at  Aberdeen  and  Paisley 
was  63°.3.     The  general  mean  was  66°. o. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  43°.!  at 
Aberdeen ;  the  lowest  at  Leith  was  47°,  The 
general  mean  was  45°4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh 
56°.  9  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen  54°.  S.  The  general 
mean  was  55°.  8. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  3.73  inches  at  Greenock, 
and  2.84  inches  at  Glasgow  ;  and  the  smallest  fall 
was  0.52  inch  at  Aberdeen.  The  general  mean 
was  1.64  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


^^  He  tluit  guestiotteth  much  sJiall  learn  much." — Bacon. 

Edible  Fungus  of  New  Zealand. — T.  V.  wishes 
to  know  of  any  book  wherein  he  may  find  a  chemical 
analysis  of  the  New  Zealand  edible  lungus,  and  where 
he  could  procure  a  specimen.  T.  V.  is  not  very  definite 
as  to  the  particular  fungus  he  means.  Does  he  mean 
the  Australian  Cyttaria,  or  the  so-called  Tasmanian 
"  Native  Bread  "  or  what? 

Sunflower  Culture  in  Egypt. — A  correspondent 
is  desirous  of  information  as  to  tlie  best  method  of  culti- 
vating this  plant  in  Egypt,  in  a  locality  where  there  is 
abundant  rainfall  from  November  to  March,  and  an 
average  temperature  of  60".  For  the  rest  ot  the  year  the 
temperature  averages  78"  Fahr.  and  irrigation  is  easy. 
Any  correspondent  with  practical  experience  would 
oblige  with  suggestions. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

AzALiAS  :  F.  W.  B.  It  is  well  known  that  these  plants 
yield  a  gum,  but  we  are  not  aware  whether  it  has 
been  turned  to  any  useful  purpose. 

Books  :  Ignoramus.  A  Year' s  Work  in  Garden  ana 
Greenhouse  (Chatto  &  Windus). — R.  P.  Hmv  to  Lay- 
out a  Garden,  by  E,  Kemp,  published  by  Messrs. 
Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Bouverie  Street,  London, 
E.C.,  is  the  work  best  suited  to  your  requirements. 
As  to  the  estimating,  we  do  not  know  of  any  work 
dealing  with  the  subject. 

Ferns  in  Old  Mushroom-bed  Soil  :  Ignora?nus. 
The  plants  will  not  live  long  in  such  material.  Get  a 
little  loam,  peat,  and  sand  ;  or,  failing  those,  plant  in 
garden-soil  manured  with  leaf-mould  and  lightened 
with  sand,  if  that  be  needed. 

Grapes  Decaying  :  F.  Orchard.  Your  Grapes  were 
almost  completely  decayed  when  received.  We  can 
only  attribute  the  mischief  to  the  close  humid  weather. 
Give  more  air,  and  apply  fire-heal  to  make  the  atmo- 
sphere more  bracing. 

How  to  Level  a  Lawk  :  X.  The  rods  are  the 
simplest  system  of  levelling  ;  two  rods  can  be  placed 
on  the  old  ground,  and  with  the  third  the  level  can 
be  easily  determined  at  the  extreme  comer  of  the 
new  ground.  When  this  has  been  fixed,  a  stout  pole 
can  be  driven  into  the  ground  outside  the  level-peg, 
and  a  hne,  stretched  tightly  from  the  old  field  round 
this  pole,  will  enable  the  intermediate  pegs  to  be  fixed 
with  sufficient  accuracy.  It  will  be  better  to  work  it 
in  sections  of  say  20  feet,  commencing  at  the  side  next 
the  old  ground  and  working  outwards.  Remove  the 
turf  from  No.  i  section,  and  carry  it  outside  the 
ground  to  be  levelled.  If  the  material  to  be  used  in 
raising  the  level  be  old  cbnkers^  odd.  rubbish,  or  sub- 
soil, 9  inches  or  a  foot  of  the  top  should  be  reserved 


September  i8,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


379 


to  place  on  the  top.  This  should  be  also  removed 
from  the  top  of  No.  i  section  outside.  When  No.  i 
is  brought  up  to  the  requisite  level,  the  turt  should 
be  removed  from  No.  2,  and  the  good  soil  can  be 
taken  off  No,  2  and  placed  on  the  top  of  No.  i.  The 
turf  can  be  taken  off  No.  3  and  laid  on  the  top  of 
No.  I,  and  each  section  finished  as  the  work  proceeds. 
If  the  depth  of  added  material  be  more  than  3  or  4 
feet,  however  well  it  may  be  trodden  down  there  will 
be  sure  to  be  a  little  subsidence,  and  the  turf  had 
better  not  be  permanently  relaid  for  a  few  months. 
W.  M.  B. 

Lapageria  :  Old  Subscriber.  Without  further  informa- 
tion we  cannot  tell  what  has  done  the  mischief.  It 
looks  as  if  it  had  been  scalded  in  some  way. 

Lilies  :  A.  L.  L.,  Ghent  All  three  varieties  of  L. 
speciosum,  alias  lancifolium.  Neither  is  of  any  special 
value. 

Names  of  Fruit  :  Albert  Butcher.  Plum  :  Washing- 
ton. Apple  :  Winter  Redstreak.— r.  W.  B.  Apple  : 
Red  Astrachan. — A.  Neilson.  Apple  :  Probably  Blen- 
heim Orange.  Peach  ;  Quite  rotten.  Nectarine  : 
Violette  Hative.  Plum  :  Golden  Gage. — M.  Mairs. 
Peach  :  If  the  flowers  are  large  it  is  probably  Grosse 
Mignonne  ;  if  small  Bellegarde. — J.  F.  Pear  :  Beurre 
de  T'Assomption. 

Names  of  Plants  :  A.  H.  Collonia  coccinea.  — 
C.  Af.  O.  Certainly  not  Silphium  laciniatum  ;  the 
prolonged  receptacle  is  that  of  Rudbeckia. —  W.  M. 
b*  Sons.  Polygonum  cuspidatum. — T.  Walker,  Sol- 
way,  Lyme  Regis.  The  fungus  is  Uromyces  Fabae 
mixed  with  its  uredo  form.^  H^.  Reid.  Ribes  alpi- 
num,  a  British  plant.—//.  IV.  Crinum  Moorei,  a 
pale  varietv. — Old  Subscriber,  i,  Abies  (Picea)  no- 
bilis  ;  2,  Abies  (Picea)  Lowiana. — A.  C.  i.  Odonlo- 
glossum  grande  ;  2,  Cattleya  velutina  ;  3,  Zygopetalum 
Mackayi. —  iV.  W.  i,  Please  send  flowers  when  out  ; 
2,  Zygopetalum  intermedium  ;  3,  Dorsteniaargentata  ; 

4,  Lomariae  discolor. — G.  L.  C.  i,  Veronica  spicata  ; 
2,  Gnaphalium  margaritaceum  ;  3,  Euonymus  Euro- 
pseus,  the  common  Spindle  Tree  ;  4,  Pulmonaria 
officinalis  ;  5,  Valantia  cruciata  ;  6,  Solidago,  perhaps 

5.  virga  aurea. — Kent  &'  Brydon.  We  cannot  name 
Chrysanthemums  ;  send  to  some  grower. — H.  E.  It 
seems  to  be  a  variety  of  the  White  Bean,  perhaps 
P.  Aria  var.  latifolia. 

Peas  Sowing  :  C.  AL  O.  This  is  to  be  understood  as 
2  to  3  inches  apart,  several  lines  in  one  drill. 

Pelargoniums  in  Window  :  Ignoramus.  We  can- 
not say  why  they  do  not  flower.  The  drainage  may 
be  bad,  and  the  soil  sour,  or  they  get  too  little  sun,  or 
fifty  things  besides. 

POTTING-SHED  FLOOR  :  A.  C.  Boyd.  Clay  and  brick- 
chippings,  two  parts  of  the  latter  to  one  of  the  former, 
well  mixed  to  the  consistency  of  plaster,  and  laid 
down  from  2  to  3  inches  thick.  But  a  much  better 
floor,  and  one  that  will  stand  for  any  length  of  time 
is  the  following  : — Three  measures  of  coarse  gravel  to 
one  of  best  Portland  cement.  A  layer  of  this  i^  inch 
thick  should  be  put  down  on  a  good  bottom  of  broken 
stones  or  other  dry  material.    W.  M.  B. 

Roses  :  Ignoramus.  Plant  in  sound  turfy  loam,  to 
which  one  quarter  of  its  bulk  of  rotten  manure  has 
been  added.     Plant  in  October. 

White  Poppies  :  Viridis.  The  seeds  yield  an  oil,  but 
we  doubt  whether  it  would  be  worth  while  in  this 
country  to  grow  them  for  that  purpose,  and  still  more 
do  we  doubt  the  feasibility  of  growing  Roses  for 
perfume.  We  are  quite  unable  to  answer  your  ques- 
tion as  to  the  value  of  a  French  bank-note  of  1792  ;  you 
do  not  even  say  what  the  amount  is. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

CORRY,  SoPER,  Fowler  &  Co.  (Limited),  18,  Finsbury 
Street,  London,  E.C. — Florists'  Sundries. 

J.  W.  Mackey,  23,  Upper  Sackville  Street,  Dublin — 
Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

Ketten.  Brothers,  Luxemburg — Rose  List. 

James  Yates.  Underbank  and  Royal  Oak  Mills,  Stocks 
port — Bulb  List. 

W.  Tait  &  Co.,  119  and  120,  Capel  Street,  Dublin  — 
Dutch  Bulbs. 

Wm.  Wood  &  Son,  3.  Bishopsgate  Street,  E.C.— Hor- 
ticultural Specialities. 


Communications  Received  :— A.  B.— C.  B.  M.  (your  bulbs 
are  being  examined).— H.  H.  D'O.— A.  C.  N.,  Melbourne 
(thanks).— I.  H.— C.  A.  M.  C— J.  B.— J.  W.  &  S.— 
A.  M.  C.  J.  C-H.  I.  J.— G.  C.  C— T.  K.  &  Co.— J.  S.- 
H.  H.-G.  H.— J.  C.-H.  E.-W.  G.— G.  F.  W.— M.  S.— 
T.  v.— W.  S.— M.  Comu.  Paris.— H.  T.,  Ceylon.-G.  B. 
— CompagnieCominentale.-J.  B.— G.  T.  M.— Major  Bailey. 
— R.  I.  L.-T.  S.  W.— J.  B.,  Jr.— I.  L. 


larKtts^ 


COVBNT   GARDEN,    September    16. 
Our    market    remains    unaltered.       Depression   still 
ruling,  with  very  heavy  supphes.  James  Wibber,  Whole- 
sale Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Pru 


Apples,  >^-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  per  lb. 
Lemons,  per  cise 
Melons,  each 


Peaches,  per  dozen...  i  o-  6  < 
Pears,  per  dozen  ..  i  o-  r  1 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  20-41 
—  St.  Michael,  each  26-8- 
Plums,  }^-sieve      ..  o  9-  2  ( 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  per  doz . . 
Aubergines,  each  . . 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb.  . 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb. 
Carrots,  per  buncb  . . 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz. 
Celery,  per  bundle.. 
Cucumbers,  each  . . 
Endive,  per  dozen  . . 
Herbs,  per  bunch  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.. 


t.  d.  s.  d 

Mint,  green,  bunch  04-.. 
Mushrooms,  punnet  1  6-  2  f 
MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-  .. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-  . . 
Potatos,  per  cwt-  . .  4  o-  5  c 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  o-  5  c 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3-  o  c 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  09-  .. 
Turnips,  buach  ..  06-  .. 
Vcget.  Mar.,  each..  03-.. 

>  90J.  :    Schoolmasters,  ^os. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholksalb  Prices. 


Aralia  Sleboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  o-ia  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  . .  13  0-18  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena   terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  ■  -30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  13  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 
Ficus  elastica  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18  o 


Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  dozen  ..  3  ' 
Gladioli,  12  pots  ..  6  . 
Lilies,  invar.,  doz.. .12  . 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  . .  ..61 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  < 
Myrtles,  per  dozen- .  6  < 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  1 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  . 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  i 
Petunias,  dozen       . .   2  c 


Cut  Flowers, — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  4  < 
Asters,  iz  blooms  ..  o  ; 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  ( 
Carnations,  12  bun.  3  t 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.   i  ( 

bunches     ..  ..■2  c. 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  2  ( 
Forget-me-Noc,      or 

Myosotis.  12  bun.  2  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2  ( 
Gladioli,  12  sprays.,  i  c 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o  ( 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  ( 
Lapageria,  red,  u  bl.   i  ( 


LillL 


ibio 


Marguerites,    per    ; 

bunches     . . 
Mignonette,  12  bun 
Pansies.    12  buuche 
Pelargoniums,  per  1 


—  red,  per  dozen  . .  o  < 

—  outdoor,  12  bun.  2  ( 
Stephanolis,  12  spys.  i  ( 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  i  ( 
Sweet  Sultan,  i2buu.  3  t 
TropEeolums,  is  bun.  i  1 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  . 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Sept.  15.— Messrs.  ]ohn  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C,  report  to-day's 
market  thinly  attended,  with  but  Uttle  business  passing. 
Trifolium  moves  off  slowly  at  the  extremely  low  rates 
current.  Winter  Tares  are  in  good  supply,  and  are  also 
extremely  moderate  in  price.  Seed  Rye  unchanged. 
Bird  seeds  on  the  spot  are  firm  ;  Hemp  seed,  Jor  for- 
ward delivery,  however,  is  cheaper  than  ever  before 
known.  The  new  samples  offering  of  foreign  red  Clover 
seed  fail  to  find  buyers.  For  blue  Peas  quotations  still 
point  downwards.     Feeding  Linseed  is  cheaper. 


CORN, 


Mark  Lane  :  Sept.  13. — Runs  of  new  Wheat,  not 
guaranteed  over  63  lb.,  were  quoted  32J.  to  34J.  for 
white,  and  305.  to  32^.  6d.  for  red  ;  64  lb.  averages 
is.  more.  Hard  dry  foreign  Wheats  suitable  for  mixing 
meet  inquiry,  and  for  Indian  the  rates  paid  ruled  firmer. 
American  sold  the  turn  cheaper.  The  same  has  been 
the  case  with  American  flour.  Grinding  Barley  is  rather 
lower  on  the  week.  Fine  malting  scarce  and  more  in- 
quired for,  ordinary  qualities  dull.  Mazagan  Beans  were 
6d.  dearer.  Peas  unaltered.  Oats  met  a  dull  sale,  and 
common  qualities  were  31/.  down  (or  the  week. 

Sept.  15. — The  receipts  of  English  Wheat  were  light 
but  imports  of  foreign  rather  large.  For  both,  the 
inquiry  was  very  limited,  and  pnces  almost  nominal- 
The  tendency,  however,  was  against  the  producer- 
Flour,  of  which  the  arrivals  were  in  excess  of  require- 
ments, was  depressed.  Grinding  Barley  was  slow  o* 
sale  at  late  rates.  Good  malting  sorts  were  in  scanty 
supply,  and  firm.     Oats  sold  slowly  at  Monday's  rates. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Septem- 
ber 11;  —  Wheat,  32X.  5^. ;  Barley,  aqs.  ;  Oats,  19J. 
For  the  corresponding  period  last  year :  —  Wheat, 
31J.  id.  \  Barley,  31J.  iid.\  Oats,  19J,  iid. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Sept.  14. — Dull  trade, 
and  demand  confined  to  best  samples.  Magnum 
Bonums,  6ai.  to  8ar.  ;  Kent  Regents,  70X.  to  90J.  ; 
Hebrons,  701.  to  100s. ;  Early  Roses,  6oj.  to  -jos.  ;  Essex 
Shaws,  60J.  to  70J.    per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Sept.  14. — Magnums,  65J.  to  yos.  ; 
Schoolmaster,  60^.  to  jos.  ;  Regents,  60^,  to  jos.  per 
ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  15. — Quotations  ; — 
Lincoln  Magnums,  60s.  to  jos.  ;  Kent  and  Surrey 
Regents,  70^.10  85.f.;  and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  yos.  to  95^. 
per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con 
sisted  of  64  tons  from  Barfieur,  4  baskets  from  Rotter- 
dam, 420  bags  from  Ghent. 


Qovemxnent  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  at  ioo|  to  ioo|  for 
delivery,  and  loo^^  to  iooy|  for  the  account.  The 
final  record  on  Thursday  was,  loog  to  ioo|  for  delivery, 
and  ioo{J  to  10044  ^^^  ^^^  account. 


To  Nursersnuen,  Seed  MerchantB,  and  Florlats. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C 


BOXTLTODT    &    PAUL,    NOBWICH. 


No.  74 —Three-quarter  Span-roof  Garden  Frame. 

Cash  Pric«— Carriage  Paid.  Price.         Packing  Case. 

8  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  ..  ;(;4  13  6  ..  5s.  /  Allowed  in 
12  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide  . .  6  50  . .  6s.  \  full  if  reld. 
i6  feet  long  ..  6  feet  wide     ..        800     ..     7!.  (   car.  paid. 

1  hese  Frames  are  13  inches  high  in  front,  24  inches  high  at  the 
back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridge.  Front  or  back  lights  turn 
over.  Set-opes  are  provided  for  ventilating.  All  painted  four 
coats  of  best  oil  colour.  The  lights  are  glazed  with  ai-oz.  English 
glass.     Carriage  paid  to  most  Railway  stations  Id  England  and 

Greenhouses  suitable  for  Villas,  Small  Country  Houses,  &c 
Send  tor  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  : — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     ^2  15     o 
13  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         „  4  15     o 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  ,,         „  3  15     o 

13  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,        „         ,,        ,,         6  10    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      8c      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROVAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

W.    H.    LASOELLES    &    CO. 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  wiU  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  BunhiU  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


%LftSSHOUSES8c«EATING: 


B-W.WA-R«U;RST 


Lsia,  bbautort  street,  ceslsea,  b.w. 


38o 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Septbmbf.r  iS|  x886. 


FAWKES'    Slow-combus- 
tion  HEATING  APPARATUS. 

— Most  efficient  and  che 
istence.  Requires  no  sunk  stokehold 
aad  no  brick  setting.  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention.  Will  burn  house 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel.  Any  one  can  fix  it.  A  do- 
mestic serz>a?it  can  stoke  it. 


Numbers  ii 
use  all  over  th 
country 

Only         

Combust  on  Ap 
paratus  of  th 
kind. 

Bcivar    cf   n 
tfficie,  t      n 
pUteAppa  It  u 
which    w  II 
last  allt  gl 

Full  part  c 
and  Pr  ce 
every   sized    A 

monials   for    last 
three        season 
showii  g     enorm 
cussucce       pot 

CE,OMPTON«srF  AW  K  E  S, 

CHELMSFORD. 

PURE    WOOD     CHARCOAL 


WARNER'S  CELEBRATED 

HYDRAULIC    RAMS. 
With  new  and  important  improvem*^nts. 
For  the  Water  Supply  of  Villages    Institutions,   Mansions, 
Gardens,  Greenhouses,  Stables,  F.ult  Fields.  Farmja  ds,  &c 


Gold  Medal  awarded  at  Calcutta  Exhibition,  iS83-4. 
Made  in  a  variety  of  size<  to  suit  different  lifisand  falls  of  water. 
Give  constant    supply  for  many  years  with  but  li:tle  attention 
and  outlay  beyond  the  first  cost. 

Prices   upon   application,    from  £,^  41. 
COPV  OF  TESTIMONIALS. 

"Buxton,  yune  23,  1876. 
*'  Honoured  Sirs,— In  answer  to  your  letter  this  morning  abuut 
the  Ram,  it  is  woiking  weil,  lifting  over  12  pints  per  minute,  the 
size  of  supply  pipe  being  2}^  inches,  the  lenjih  237  feet,  the  fall 
It  feet  6  inches,  the  delivery  pipe  being  i  inch  to  the  fountain, 
the  length  of  pipe  1263  feet,  rise  of  pipe  from  ram  to  fountain 
78  feet,  ram  lifiing  12  pints  per  minute. 

"I  remain,  your  obedient  servart, 

"JOS.  MILLARD, 
"  Gardener  to  Sir  Alexander  Acland  Hook.*' 
"  .D"";.'/'",  7a"' 12,  1879. 
Gentlemen.— Please  find  cheque.  .   .  .    I  have  much  pleasure 
in  saying  that  I  was  asking  the  gentleman  the  end  of  la-t  week 
how  the  Ram  was  working  for  him      He  said  it  was  working 
well,  and  he  would  not  be  without  it  lor  itoo. 

'•  Yours  truly,  "  ISAAC  MILBURN, 

*'  Range  Manufactory,  Strand  Street,  Douglas. 


'Messrs.  Warner.' 


"  Sirs, -The  R; 
satisfaction.     With  the  13  galL 


"  U'elhid,  Rugby,  Ocloher  21.  1883. 
you  have  just  put  up  for  me  gives  me  great 
e  supply  it  raises, 


about  600  gallons,   50  feet  (I  think';, 
trouble  to  start  woiking.     I  hope  it  will  continue  to  woik  as 
well,  for  It  is  a  great  convenience. 
....     "  I  "main,  yours  truly.  "JOHN  GEE. 

Messrs.  Warner  &  Sons." 
„  ^        „  "Oxford,  Januafy^^.ilii. 

Dear  Sirs,— You  will  no  doubt  be  glad  to  learn  that  the 
Ram  you  came  down  to  advise  about  for  Shotover  has  been 
fixed,  and  so  far  answers  the  purpose  admirably. 

"Yours,  &c,  "J.  S.  BROWNING." 

'■  Neivlon,  SlochsKeld-on-Tjiu,  August  ■n,  1S85. 
"Dear  Sirs,— The  Ram  I  had  from  you  a  short  time  ago  is 
giving  every  satisfaction.     Please  send  the  duplicate  valves  for 
It,  and  oblige,  yours,  &c  ,  "JOSEPH  SY.'aM." 

"  138,  Widtmarsh  Strtet,  Hereford,  September  %,  1883. 
'  Dear  Sirs,— The  Rams  you  supplied  to  me  last  year  give 
every  satisfaction.     I    have  not  heard  of  their  stopping  since 
they  were  fixed. -Yours  faithfully, 

"ROBERT  BAMFORD." 
"  Kelvedon,  Essex,  Janmry  13,  1886. 
Genllemen.— The  Ram  which  I  fixed  at  Little  Braxted  Hill 
or  Jas    baber.  Esq.,  1  am  pleased  to  say,  gives  great  satisfac- 
tion, and    seems   q^iite   unaffected  by  the  flood,  working   weil 
:e   submerged   by  water  and  even  lost  to  sight,    its 
ly  indicated  by  the  bubbles  f.om  the  pulse-valve,  and 
heavy   flood    we   have    had    it   has   only 
ows  or  raises  3240  gallons  in  twenty-lour 
"u'y.  "JOSEPH  POLLEY." 

JOHN    WAKNER  &   SONS, 
Crescent   Foundrv,  Cripplegate,  London,  E.C.  ;    and  the 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Naze,  Essex. 
To  be  obtained  oj  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber 
m  the  Kingdom. 


notwithstanding 
stopped  once.     It  thi 
hours. — Yours  truly. 


WHY    IS 

WOOD'S   GOLD   MEDAL   BOILER 

^    V^^  The  BEST  for  GREENHOUSES. 

X  because  it  attained  the  greciteit 

\     Heat    in    the   B'iler  Contest,  and 

:^\    the  Beit  Fire  after  i^  hours' Imnk- 

Jfr\  '  iT  (JSfeiS'**'   '".A*,  "'  Liverpool 

a:  .M*'     igJ&J^"'^  Price  LIST  Free. 

T.    WOOD,     Hot-water     ENGINEER, 

EASTVILLE,    BRISTOL.   AgentsWanted 

THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


Etnil  Quickest 
w  '  '3         made, 

■water  Pipes,  gfeet  long,  41.  ^d.  each  ; 
r  Pipes,  g  feet  long,  4J.  6d.  each. 


Full  Illuiirattd  Rev  sed  Prk 


ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

(lae    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Eslablished  Half  a  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Cnal  in  the  Un'ted  King- 
dom, s.ipolv  ibe  purest  Anthracite  fir  H.inicuHiral  noron.e-. 
COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLy,  S'lUTH  WALES. 
London  Offices    and   Depot,  3,    Mileage  siation, 

PaddingtOn,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co  will  be  pleased  to  fumi  h 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  oflei  sold  as 
buyers.      Re'erences  permitted    to   some    of  the 


first  Horticultu 


ithe 


ntry. 


BOULTON   &    PAUL,    NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powtr.'ul  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 


Cash  Prices. 
18  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nUed  Steel  Tank,  /i  12J. 
30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  li. 
36gall.    Eairjw,    with    Oak 
_^  Tub,  li  ,s. 

CATALOGUE    0/  GARDE.V   IMPLEMENTS 
sent  free  on  application. 

BOULTON     ec    PAUL,      NOaWICH. 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Vu-gin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,  Manures.  &C,      Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C, 


Hyacinths  in  Pots. 

POTS       MADE      EXPRESSLY 
for  HYACINTHS  can  be  supplied  by 
Mr.  J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare 
Price  LISTS  Iree. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  si2es  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
300  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

OEORQE    FABUILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

Si,  8t.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C, 

Slock  List  and  Prices  on  applicalim.    Quote  Chronicle, 


Coloured  IlluBtratlons  of  Bulbous  Flowers 

HFOR   SHOP   WINDOWS. 
OOPER'S      ILLUSTRATED      BULB 
WINDOW   TICKETS   are  an  immense  improvement 
to  the  appearance  of  Shop  Windows,  and  greatly  assist  the 
Sales.      Forty-eight  leading   varieties  now  ready,   price    gs. 

HOOPER  AND  CO  ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR- 
PAULINS and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E, 
Russia  Mats— Raffla. 

NEW   ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZand  FISHER.  James  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Wood 

'T'HE      GENERAL     WOOD     COMPANY 

-L  Swedish  Wharf.  High  Street,  Peckham.  London,  S.E., 
Supply  all  descriptions  of  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES.  Manufjctured  DOORS,  FLOORING, 
MOULDINGS.  SASH-BARS,  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 

Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  q 


H 


OU  Paint  no  Longer  Neceaeary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u-;ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  moit 
of  the  Nobiliiy  and  Gentry,  from  whom  tlie  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  p«r  gallon, 
at  the  Manu  actorv.  or  is.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

Frflm  Alfred   Lowe,  Eq  ,   The  Ryteys,  Alaerley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  1  consider  it  the 
best  thiug  known  for  the  preservaiion  of  a'i  outdoor  work, 
either  wr.od  or  iron,  that  requires  lo  be  painted." 

CAUTION.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  maiked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entiance  Gales,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill  Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.   London,  E.C.  ;  and 
116.  Stephen's  Green.  Dublin. 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Accidents  of  Daily  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Comhill,  London. 
Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation  paid    for    112,000    Accidents,    ^^2, 215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply   to  the  Clerks   at   the   Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
AEents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Kotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  Comhill.  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  SecreUry. 


Works  for  the  Possessors  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  Wjlliam  Eaklev,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c,  &c.  Crown 
Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,    t'rice  4J.  6d. 

MRS.  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  -js. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.  By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  is. 
HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

How     TO     GROW     ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlhv.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London  :     BRADBURY,    AGNEW,   and    CO.,    Bouveiie 
Street,  E.C. 


Seftembkr  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.  381 

CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


UPPER 


GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E 

(TELEGKAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,'  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    I 

with  Waterway  End. 
From  20  Inches  to  66  Inches  long. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  i  "jtk  Edition, price  is. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied.   


PATENT  RELIANCE  ROTARY 
VALVES. 


^nARLINGTON  GOLD  MEDAL 

f"  JL— ^     4 „„„„i;„j  j;„„*  f„„  .u„  M„„.,f„„* *\A/u.u-„U    -J^      ^        T^  TR  ESS  citria^e  Paid) 

pABRICS 


Are  now  supplied  direct  from  the  Manufactory,  at  Wholesale 
Price,  there  being  no  Intermediate  Profits  whatever. 


HENRY   PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCC'RS, 

SPINNERS  and  MANUFACTURERS, 
and  Sole  Makers  of  the  Celebrated 

GOLD    MEDAIi 


i^iJ4^w^fM<^^«fi^^^^ 


by  H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales,  invite  Ladies  in  an 
M  for  Patterns,  post-free,  of  their  new  makes  for  the  Aut 
svery  vajiety  of  material  a  lady  can  possibly  d' 


of  the  world  to  send  Direct 
id  Winter  Seasons,  which  em-  , 
nd  of  which  the  Daily  News  says  :- 


LadU 


t  liberty  to  change  any 
goods  within  seven  days,  and  should 
not  fail  to  see  our  large  box  of 
Autumn  and  Winter  patterns,  post 
free.     All  Parcels,  Carriage  Paid. 


AS  AN  ADDITIONAL  GUARANTEE  TO  LADIES 

that  we  are  the  actual  Manufacturers,  and  not  mere  Adver- 

The  union  of  warmth  to  lightness,  so  necessary  to  health  is  in  these  I  JX^iJ'g"^;,^^^^,:',';';,';'^^'^^"''''"""'-  "'  ""^'"^  "'° 
materials  brought  to  perfection. 

The  flneness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed-English  Wool, 
be  It  nnderstocd-lmparts  the  admirable  quality  of  draping  in  those  soft  (olds 
now  so  essential  from  the  point  of  view  of  fashion. 


This-,  fabrics  were  awarded,  at  the  all-England  compelitior 
CLOTHWCIRKEKS'  CUMPANY,  London.  Also  the  Highc 
1851,  i86z,  &c.,  and  wherever  exhibited. 


following  Cei 

"  Having  examined  The  •Record  of  Wages'  paid  by 
you.  we  hereby  certify  that  the  number  of  workpeople  em- 
ployed IN  THE  Production  of  your  Manufactures  was, 
OD  August  13,  18&6, 

ONE  THOUSAND  AND  TWENTT-SIX. 

— MoNKHOuSE,  GoDDAKD  &  Co  ,   Chartered ^  Accouniants, 
Middlesbirougn  and  London,  August  i6,  i885." 


SFECIAIi  ATTENTION  is  directed  to  our  celebrated  CROSS- WARP  SERGES,  which,  alike,  resist  the  effects  ol  weather  and  sea,  lOid.  to  38.  per  yard  ;  for 
Mens  and  Boy's  wear  (including  the  "Clerical"  Serge),  these  will  be  found  "clear  away"  the  best  value  procurable,  28.  to  8s.  6d.  per  yard  (56-in.  wide).  Our 
GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,  in  aU  the  New  Colourings,  from  Is.  61.  to  48.  6d.  per  yard.  NEW  and  FASHIONABLE  COSTUME  CLOTHS  in  great  variety, 
from  6id.  to  5s.  p;r  yard,  including  "  The  LOWSTOCK,"  "  The  ASHEHURST,"  "  The  DAMIETFA,"  "  The  KHAIBER,"  "  The  SHUMLA,"  "The  TARAPACA,' 
"The   PANAMA,"    "The   HOLSTEIN,"    "The   ZEEL.^iND."   &c. 

CHARMING  NOVELTIES  in  SKIRTINGS,   including   "The  VESSO,"   "The  NINGPO,"  "The  FOO-CHOO,"  &c, 
THE  DARLINGTON  BLANKETS  (sent  on  approbatior.)  are  warranted  Pure  Wool.     Money  returned  if  not  approved  of.    In  all  sizes  and  four  different  qualities. 
THE  DARLINGTON  MEN'S  UNDERCLOTHING  (Pants  and  Vests),  aU  Pure  Wool,  are  made  on  our  own  promises. 


Sent  on  approval. 


Address-HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS, 

SPINNERS   and   MANUFACTURERS,    THE    MILLS,    DARLINGTON.     Established,  1752. 


Please  mention  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle, "  In  sending  for  Patterns. 


A  U  Parcels,  Carriage  Paul. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The     Gardeners'    Chronicle"    for 


1886. 
__  Months, 


_,  /or  -which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


commencing       . , . 

^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Offioe  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  ^  12  Months,  £i  y.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  tis.  ii</.  ;    3  Months,  6s.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  ^i  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Zs.  id. 


I 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  '^  DRUMMOND." 


382 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Skftember  i8,  1886. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 


Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines... ;£o 

6  „  ...  o 

6  „  ...  o 

7  „  ...  o 

8  „  ...  o 

9  „  ...  o 

10  „  ...  o 

11  „  ...  o 

12  „  ...  o 

13  „  ...  o 

14  „  ...  o 


o  9 
o  9 
o  10 
o  10 

O  II 
O  II 
O  12 
O  12 

o  13 
o  13 


It  set  across  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 
]f  set  across  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  405. 


15  Lines... £0     8     6 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 


OARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

a6  words  is.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  Q  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


«//  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autho; 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  5j.  each  i 
Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  ike  Office 
by  Thursday  noon 

All  Snbscrlptlous  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United   Kingdom  :   12  Months.  O.  3a.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  68. 

Foreign  (exceotine   India  and   China) ;    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  for  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  SB.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  oayable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

<i,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  ^'^ Midland Countits 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Heraid 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let, 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECOPDof  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE.  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK,  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 


Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  6*/.  ;  Stamped,  -^d. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wale: 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  tor  the  SYD- 
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^g"  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  /ilea  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  a  full 
Explanation  of  Technical  Terms.  Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  25J. 

BOTANY  lor  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T 
Mastsrs,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Examiner  in  Botany,  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  100  Illustrations.     Price  3J.  6,/. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentaiy  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.     With  400  Illustrations.     Svo.  cloth.     Price  51.  f>d. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    of    BOTANY. 
With  Illustrations.    Svo,  cloth.    Price  qs. 

London  :    BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    and    CO.,    Bouverie 
Street,  E.C. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  Borve- 
nich,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulls. 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  loj.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLt,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andri!,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crdpin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
14^.,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 


'HE   COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR  of 

GARDEN   OPERATIONS.      By  the  late  Sir  Joseph 


Price  3(/.  ;  post-free  aj^a'. 
Post-office  Orders  are  to  be  made  payable  to  Wm.  Richards, 
t  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 
Published  at  the  Office   ol  the   Cardeiiirs'  Chronicle,    41, 


Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


To   Travellers,    Commission   Agents,    &o.,    having 

influence  amongst  Fiuit  Growers,    Nurserymen,    and   the 
Trade  generally. 

WANTED,  by  an  old-established  English 
house,  inRuential  REPRESENTATIVES  throughout 
the  United  Kingdom  and  abroad,  to  introduce  Plants  of  certain 
strikmg  and  most  valuable  novelties  in  the  Fruit  Department.- 
Address.  REVOLUTION,  T.  W.  Hannaford,  73,  Ludaate 
Hill,  London,  E.C. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  PARTNER 
(Florist),  with  some  capital  who  thoroughly  under- 
stands Glowing  for  Market— 700  feet  run  of  Glass  besides  Pits. 
— H.  B  ,  Gardeners*  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street. 
Strand,  W.C. 


"liy ANTED,  by  one  who  has  had  good 
■  »  general  experience  in  both  branches,  a  WORKING 
PARTNERSHIP,  in  an  Old-established  Nursery  and  Seed 
Business.— For  full  particulars  apply  to  A.,  Townsend's  Nur- 
series, Fordham,  Soham. 


To  Nurserymen's  Assistants. 

WANTED,  a  steady  industrious  Young 
MAN,  with  full  knowledge  of  Fruit  and  Plantation 
Trees  and  Gardening,  to  join  advertiser  in  starting  a  Nursery- 
man's Business  at  Bridgwater,  on  mutual  terms.— S.  Z.,  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Borougli  of  Sunderland. 
HEAD      GARDENER. 

WANTED,  by  the  Corporation  of  Sunder- 
land, a  thoroughly  Scientihc  and  Practical  Man  as 
HEAD  GARDENER,  to  take  entire  charge  of  the  Public 
Parks  in  the  Town,  which  are  about  35  acres  in  extent,  and 
include  large  Conservatory  or  Winter  Garden,  and  other  Glass 

Salary,  j^a  per  week,  and  free  house,  rates,  gas,  firing,  &c. 
_  Applications,  in  applicant  s  own  handwriting,  stating  .expe- 
rience, age,  number  of  family  (if  any),  and  name  and  address  of 
last  or  present  employer  (as  the  case  may  be),  together  with 
three  testimonials  of  recent  date,  must  be  forwarded  to  the 
Town  Clerk's  Office,  23,  Fawcelt  Street.  Sunderiand,  not  later 
than  12  o'clock  at  noon  on  FRIDAY,  the  24th  September 
instant,  endorsed  "  Head  Gardener." 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  WORKING  GAR- 
DEN tR,  where  four  men  are  kept.  Must  thoroughly 
understand  Vine..  Married  man,  without  family,  preferred. 
Wages.  20J  per  week  with  house  and  coals.  —  W.  Z. 
RATCLIFFE,  32,  Castle  Street,  Liverpojl. 

Oardener. 
■yX/ANTED,   on   a   Gentleman's    Estate,    in 

'  '  Oxfordshire,  a  good  practical  WORKINii  GAR- 
DENER, married.  Must  write  well,  keep  simple  account, 
and  willing  to  make  himself  useful.  Good  cottage  and  vege- 
tables free.  Wages  i8j.  a  week.— Write  to  J.  EVANS,  Esq  , 
Woodfield,  Bicester.  ^  ' 


^  Gardener. 

TXTANTED,  a  Man  and  his  Wife,  without 

»  '  family,  as  GARDENER  and  LAUNDRESS.  He 
must  have  knowledge  of  Hot-house  and  Greenhouse  ^^  ork,  as 
well  as  Kitchen  Garden,  and  she  must  be  a  thoroughly  good 
Laundress.  Good  wages.  Comfortable  dwelling.  Coals  and 
if?;— Apply  by  letter  to  W.  M.  REDPATH,  Chemist,  Tulse 
Hill,  Lower  Norwood,  S.E. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  near  London, 

»  *  where  a  Second  Gardener  is  kept.  Must  be  thoroughly 
practical  in  all  branches,  aad  have  a  first.class  character. 
Abstainer  preferred.  Wages  285.- Address  C,  at  Horncastle's 
Central  Advertisement  Office,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

WANTED,   a   FOREMAN;    an  energetic 

•»  man  to  take  Charge  of  the  Plant  Department  Must 
be  thoroughly  experienced  in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants. -Applicants  to  state  age,  experience,  and 
wages  expected,  with  any  other  particulars,  to  G.  BEFHELL 
Blenheim  Gardens,  Woodstock,  Oxon. 

W\^  J  ^^'  ^"  experienced  energetic 
PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Roses  under 
glass.  Preference  given  to  a  man  who  in  addition  can  Grow 
Eucharis,  &c..  for  a  Cut  Flower  Trade—Apply,  stating  age 
experience,  wages,  and  full  particulars,  to  S.  D.  A.,  MesSs 
Hutting  &  Sons,  106,  Southwark  Street.  London,  S.E. 

~~Z       To  Trade  Growere; 

ANTED,    for    a    Nursery    near    London, 

an  energetic  Man  as  GROWER  and  PROPAGATOR 
experienced  in  producing  Cut  Bloom  in  quantities.-ApDly 
nffi'°^  aB«  and  experience,  to  HOKTVS.Gardeners'  ChronicU 
Office.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

lyiESSRS.     -W.  ^CUTBUSH     and    SON 

,  \EQU'RE  for  their  Jobbing  and  Landscape  Depart- 
ment, a  thoroughly  competent  energetic  MAN.  One  who  is 
able  to  give  Plans,  Specifications,  Estimates,  &c.  Only  those 
who  have  filled  a  similar  situation,  and  whose  characters  wiU 
bear  strict  investigation,  need  apply.— Highgate,  London,  N. 

Vy ANTED,    an   active   young   MAN,    who 

!,;.„  "■"ierstands  Growing  Flowers  for  Market.  Must  have 
Su  o„"'sL°''"'  "i,^"^"  S""'^-  «'  *'"  ^  "loi'^'i  W 
l?nd  ?ark.''w"fnes^en^5utri'o'nVw°"''  '°  Town.-ro.lumber- 


o 


RCHID     IMPROVER   WANTED 

Apply.  J.  R.  W..  345.  Gray's  Inn  Road.  King's  Cross,  n". 


WANTED,  a  MAN,  to  take  Charge  of  Glass 

»  »        Department  (not  extensive),   Assist  with  Wall  Tr#.*.B 
fewlesbu^r^*^'    "'^^"^S,    The    Gardens.    Overbu?"   S, 


T  Working  Superintendent 

HE  BURIAL  BuARU  for  the  Parish  of 
St.  Margaret.  Barkine,  intend  to  ELECT  a  WOR  Kl  Mf 
SUPERINTENDENT  for^'he  new  Bunal  GrounYat  Rippte- 
side.  Barking  Applicants  must  state  age,  nature  of  last  em- 
ployment, andliumber  ol  family  (if  any)  The  salary  wiU  be 
i,\  per  week,  with  lodge  to  live  in,  subject  to  a  week's  notice 
I  ne  duties  will  commence  from  October  i,  next,  and  will  be 
those  generally  devolvmg  upon  a  Working  Superintendent. 
rartic:ulars  of  which  may  be  obtained  upon  application  at  the 
Burial  Board  Offices,  East  Street,  Barking.  Applications,  ac- 
companied  by  Copies  of  testimonials,  to  be  sent  to  the  under- 
signed, on  or  before  the  20th  inst.,  and  such  copies  will  not  be 
returned.      No  applicant  need  attend  personally  unless  he  re- 


a  notice  s 


3  do. 


Barking,  Essex.  — Septembe 


C.  H.  MILLS,  Clerk  to  the  Board. 


Y\7^ANTED,  by  a  General  Florist,  Nursery, 

,  -  =^<*  Seedsman,  a  smart  SALESMAN,  well  up  in  the 
PPtTi?"^  J  u  ^"?";  ^'"■■"^  "  specialtty.)-ENTER. 
PKISL,  T.  W.  Hannaford,  ji,  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E  C 


WANTED,  a  CARPENTEK,  on  a  Gentle- 

,'  .fan  s  Place  ;  one  that  can  do  Painting  and  Glazing 
pre(erred.-J.  BOWERMAN.  The  Gardens,  Hackwood  pjrk^ 
Basingstoke,  Hants. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.-To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.— It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
tn  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Nu?nbero/a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

^■B. — The  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 
Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Rest  ante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 
NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  m  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  -which  to  identify 
the  sender:  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of   trouble,    and  frequently  the  sender  cannot   be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  A  ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 


13     S,  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 

-■— '•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men.  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  nf 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  lull  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
tor  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 


LJICHARD     SMITH     and     CO. 

^M  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  wOl  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

a  c  o"t  c  h      g  A  r"1)"  e 'n  e  r  s  . 

*-J  -John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
^.".'^  Aij5,-1ic'"""'°'  °"  ""^  ''"'  ^  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  paruculars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


September  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


383 


Oardeners,  Under  Oardeners,  Balllffa,  ftc. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the 
present  time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will 
hear  the  strictest  investiKation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal 
knowletige  can  recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.- -Ladies  and 
Gentlemen  requiring  either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with 
reliable,  firsi-ciass  men  by  applying  and  stating  full  particulars  to 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON.  Higheaie  Nurseries,  London,  N. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  gl..d  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNKDV  AND  CO..  ro8.  High  Street,  Dumlnes,  N.B. 

To  Gentlemen  and  MarKet  Growers. 

MANAGEK,  to  Grow  Grapes,  Peaches, 
Strawberries.  Tomatos.  Roses,  Gardenias.  &c.,  and  all 
the  requirements  of  a  first-class  cut  flower  trade. —Twenty 
years'  experience  Good  references. — HORTUS,  Mr.  Unwin, 
The  Piazzas.  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  40,  marriea  ; 
thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches,  flight  years  in 
last  situation,  three-and-a-hatt  previous.  Highest  testimonials 
and  references.— W.,  3,  Belmont  Terrace,  Chiselhurst. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  others  are 
kept.— First-class  in  all  branches.  Excellent  character. 
Active  and  industrious.— A.  B.  CHAMBERLAIN,  Baker, 
Twickenham. 


GARDENER  (Head). —  Age  35,  family 
small ;  good  practical  experience  both  Inside  and  Out. 
Can  be  thoroughly  recommended.  Three  years  in  present 
situation  —Particulars  Irom  STEPHEN  CASTLE,  Weit  Lynn 
Vineyatd.  Norfolk. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 
Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey.  Surrey,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in  pre- 
sent suuation.  — For  further  parti'^ulars  please  address  as  above. 

ARDENER   (Head).— ^5    Bonus  will  be 

paid  to  anyone  who  shall  be  ihe  means  of  procuring 
Advertiser  a  good  Head  Gardener's  situation.  First-class 
references,  &c. — E.  C,  5,  Moulsfield  Road,  Poole  Park, 
Fulham. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age 29.— Mr. Green- 
field. The  Priory  Gardens,  Warwick,  can  highly  recom- 
mend a  steady,  industrious  man,  as  a  good  Gardener,  to  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  one.  Fourteen 
years  practical  experience  ;  particularly  well  versed  in  the  cul- 
"    1  of  Orchids.     Excellent  testimonials. 


GARDENER  (Head).— A  Lady  who  has 
broken  up  her  establishment,  wishes  to  recommend  her 
Head  Gardener,  who  thoroughly  understands  Stove  Plants, 
Orchids.  Flower,  Kitchen  Garden.  &c.,  and  is  a  firs  I  class 
servant.  Wages  expected,  ;£Sa.— Mrs.  GKO.  CHIB,  Perry- 
stone,  Ross,  Herefordshire. 

C"!  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
^  tamily ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Good 
Manager  of  men,  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  Charge  of 
a  good  Garden  Establi.shment.  Highly  recommended  in  every 
respect.— GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kimbolton, 
St.  Neots,  Hunts. 


/4.ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  40,  no  family.— 

VJT  Mr.  Clarke,  Head  Gardener  to  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 
Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend 
a  thoroughly  practical,  competent,  and  reliable  man,  with 
excellent  character.  Abstainer.  Place  of  trust  in  a  good 
family  desired. 

ARDENER    (Head)  ;    age    31,    married, 

total  abstainer. — Walter  Edwards,  Gardener  to  A. 
H.  Lancaster,  Esq.,  Honeylands.  Waltham  Abbey,  Essex,  has 
had  good  experience  in  Rock  Building  with  Herbaceous  Plant 
Culture  and  the  general  routine  of  good  Gardens  eighteen 
years — is  now  open  to  an  engagement. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  36,  single.— R. 
G.  Waterman,  seven  and  a  half  years  gardener  to  A. 
Tate,  Esq.,  is  at  liberty  lo  engage  with  any  Nobleman  or 
Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thoroughly  practical 
man.  Twenty  yeais'  experience  in  all  branches  of  the  profes- 
sion. First-class  re'erences  from  present  and  past  employers. — 
Roseleigh,  Wooitoo,  Liverpool. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;    age  37.— N.   Ger- 

MAN.  for  the  past  six  years  Gardener  to  the  late  T.  B. 
Cutts,  Esq.,  Malvern  Houbc,  and  previously  four  years  with  C. 
G.  Kill,  Esq.,  of  Nottingham,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  in  want  of  Gardener  or  Orchid  Grower. 
Characters  from  boyhood.— N.  GERMAN,  Malvern  House, 
Nottingham. 


GARDENER  (Head).— C.  Tea,  Haverholme 
Priory  Gardens,  Sleaford,  is  open  to  engage  with  any 
Nobleman  or  Genileman.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches 
of  Fruit,  Plant  and  Vegetable  Culture.  Over  three  and  a  half 
years  Gardener  to  present  employer,  the  Hon.  M  E.  G.  Finch- 
Hatton,  M.P.,  who  would  thoroughly  recommend  him  as  an 
efficient  Gardener.     Several  previous  years'  good  character. 

GTarDENER  7head  Working).— Age  29, 
married  :  well  experienced  in  the  Culture  of  Pines, 
Peaches,  Melons,  aud  general  routine  of  Gardening  and  can  be 
highly  recomm-nded  as  such.— B.  B.,  5,  Coppleston  Place. 
Garrait  Lane,  Tooting.  SuTey.  S-W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 

no  family  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Growing  Fruits 
aid  Flowers  under  Glass,  and_  Management  of  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Garden.  Thirty  years'  experience.  Good  character. 
—A.  B.,  Mrs.  Cann,  Burnt  Ash  Hfle.  Lee,  Kent,  SE. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35, 
married  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Forcing,  Vines, 
Peaches,  Strawberries,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  &c. .  and  the  general  routine  of  a  Large  Garden. 
—J.  DUNSTER,  Rose  CotUge,  Lamberhurst.  Kent. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working,  or   good 

Single-handed). — Age  37,  married  ;  experienced  in  all 
branches  ;  Land  and  Stock.  Could  Grow  for  Market.  Good 
reference.— W.  H.,  Wood  Cottaee,  Bredgar,  Sittiagboume. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  Single-handed). 
Age  34,  married  ;  eighteen  years'  experience  in  Fruit, 
Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Five  years'  character  with  testi- 
monials.—G.  S.,  135,  Mayall  Road,  Heme  Hill,  Dulwich,  S.E. 


GARDENER.— Age  31,  married  ;  thoroughly 
practical.       First-class    testimonials    and    references. — 
HORTUS,  Wiliow  Cottage,  Bishop's  Cleeve,  Gloucestershire. 

GARDENER.— Two  children  (ages  7  and  9) ; 
twenty-two  years'  experience  in  Fruit,  Vegetables,  arid 
Flowers,  both  for  family  use  and  for  market.  Three  years  in 
present  place  as  head.  Good  reference  from  present  and  past 
employers.— GARDENER,  Mr.  Sampson,  118,  High  Street, 
Poole,  Dorset. 


/^ARDENER,  good  Kitchen  and  Flower,  or 

V-T  otherwise. — Age  30,  married,  one  child  ;  good  characters 
from  previous  and  three  vears  in  present  situation. — H.,  The 
Gardens,  Forest  Lodge,  Farnborough,  Hants. 

^^ARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 

V-X  another  is  kept. — Thoroughly  understands  every  depart- 
ment.    Good  references. — W.  A.,  26.  London  Road,  Maldon, 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  good 
Second)  — Age  24,  single  ;  six  years'  character.  Good 
experience  under  Glass,  and  Out.— E.  SNOW,  Merlebank, 
Caterham  Valley,  Surrey. 

/^ARDENER    (Single-handed,    or    good 

\-^  Sbcond)  —Age  24,  married.  Ten  years'  experience 
Indoors  and  Out.  Excellent  references.— H.  F..  13,  Park  Shot, 
Kew  Road,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). 
— Age  25,  single  ;  understands  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons, 
Cucumbers,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  character. 
— G.  H.,  I,  Lewis  Road,  Coldharbour  Lane.  Camberwell,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Second).— Age  25;  eleven 
years'  experience  in  Stove,  Vmenes,  Orchard,  and  other 
House,  also  Outdoor  Gardening.  Highest  character  from  last 
and  pievious  employers.— P.  MARTIN,  Walton,  near  Lutter- 


G ARDENER  (Second).  —  Age  25,  single; 
understands  the  Cultivation  of  Vines,  Peacnes,  Melons, 
and  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Two  years'  good  character 
from  present  situation  Twelve  years'  practical  experience  in 
all  branches. —C.  FITKIN,  The  Gardens,  Knowle  Hill, 
Cobham,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Under) —Age  21,  steady  and 
respectable.      Good  reference.     Can  be   highly   recom- 
mended.—S.  THATCHER.  Gardens.  River  Mead.  Sunbury. 


GARDENER  (Under). — A  young  man  who 
has  lost  his  place  owing  to  reduction  of  establishment. 
More  than  two  years'  good  character.— Apply  for  reference  to 
E.  W.  CRACROFT,  Esq  ,  HacWthom  Hall.  Lincoln. 


/^ARDENER    (Under)    either    Indoor    or 

\-^  Out. — Age  27,  single  ;  five  years'  experience.  Good 
references.— T.  STUBBS,  33,  Faulkner  Street,  Bishop's  Fields, 
Hoole,  Chester. 

GARDENER  (Under),  to  work  in  the 
Houses  preferred. — Age  21  ;  five  years'  good  character. — 
GEORGE  BOSWORTH,  The  Gardens,  Elmdon  Hall,  near 
Birmingham. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses. — Age  25  ;    ten 
years*  experience  in  all  branches. — A.  McLEOD,  3,  Lime 
Tree  Villa,s,  Albert  Road,  South  Norwood.  S.E. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  or  otherwise,  in  a 
goon  Establishment. — Age  29  ;  well  experienced  in  good 
places.  First-class  references  as  10  character  and  abilities. — 
G.  A.,  13.  Backhouse  Street,  Groves,  York. 

FOREMAN.— Age  30  ;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced m  all  departments.  Unexceptionable  testimonials 
from  last  and  previous  employers.— HORTUS,  37,  Ursula  St., 
Battersea  Park,  S.W. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.— Age  23  ;  nine  and  a  half  years'  experience. 
Good  references  from  present  and  previous  employers. — A. 
SMITH.  The  Gardens,  Brambletye,  East  Grinstead. 

rf  OREMAN,  Inside  ;  age  25^.- E.  SMlTHis 

■L       open  to  an  engagement  as  ab jve.     "Ten  years*  experience. 
Can  be  well  recommended.— E.  J.  SMITH.  Much-Dewchurch, 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  28  ; 
twelve  years'  experience  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden  Work. 
Highly  recommended.— H.  GILBERT,  Gardens,  Southwick 
Park,  Fareham,  Hants. 

OREMAN.— Mr.  HOSKINS,  Stansted  Park 

Gardens.  Emswonh,  Hants,  will  be  pleased  to  recom- 
mend his  Foreman,  C.  Diclter,  as  above.  Has  been  with  him 
two  yeats.  Twelve  years'  experience.  Previously  at  Ment- 
more,  Eridge  Castle.  Enville.  &c. 


To  Nurservmen. 

FOREMAN  (General),  or  GROUND 
FOREMAN  (W0KKIN&).— Age  36  ;  twenty  years'  expe- 
rience in  the  whole  routine  of  the  busmess.  Unexceptionable 
referenceas  to  character  and  ability.  — FOREMAN,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


FOREMAN,  or  good  Second,  in  a  Noble- 
man's or  Gentleman's  Establishment.— Can  be  highly 
recommended.  Eight  years  and  six  months'  experience  in  good 
places.  — F.  B,  51,  Lanark  Villas,  Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 

PRO PAGATOR  and~ G ROWE RTor^Market 
Nursery.- Well  up  in  Stove,  Cold  House,  and  Outdoor 
Plants.  Ten  years  in  the  T'ade.  Good  recommentlatton  from 
employers.— SCHMITZ,  Petersham,  Suirey. 

OURNEYMAN  in   the  Houses  (First,  or 

good  Second}.— Age  21  ;  excellent  recommendations. 
Nine  years'  experience  in  good  places.— C  BARSON,  The 
Gardens,  Patshull,  Wolvethampton. 


JOURNEYMAN,   in    the    Fruit    Houses.— 
Age  22 ;  three  years'  good  character  from  last  situation 
Good  fruit  place.— W.  C,  Penn  Street,  Amersham,  Bucks. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  ;  age  i8.— 
The   Head  Gardener.  Shenton   Hall.   Nuneaton,  can 
recommend  a  young    man  as  above.       Five  years  in  present 
steady  and  obliging. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  Establishment.— 
Aee  23  ;  nine  years'  experience  ;  two  years  in  last  situa- 
tion. -H.  MOXHAM,  ar,  Holmesdale  Road,  Highgate  Arch- 
way Road.  N.  

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— 
Age  20  :  has  had  four  years  and  three  months'  experience 
under  Glass  and  out.  Can  be  highly  recommended.  — 
H.  CHANDLER.  Post-ofBce,  Bromyard. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentle- 
man's family,  in  the  Garden. — Age  19  ;  five  years'  character 
— W.  WIGMORE,  The  Ridings.  Chipping  Sodbury,  Glou- 
cestershire. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden,  where  all  branches  of  Gardening  are  carried  on. 
— Age  20  ;  four  years'  character. — W.  L.,  Long  Cross  House, 
Chertsey. 

IMPROVER   ;     age     18.  — MR.     MITCHELL, 
Head  Gardener  to  Sir  G.  Elliot,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Aberaman 
Park,  Aberdare,  t:an  with  confidence  recommend  a  young  man 

IMPROVER,  under  a  Gardener  in  Gentle- 
man's Establishment  or  Nursery,  to  assist  in  the  Houses. 
— Age  20;  three  years'  character. — W.  S.,  32,  Campsboume 
Road,  Hornsey,  N. 

O      NURSERYMEN,     &c.  —  Wanted,    a 

situation  in  Nursery.     Well   up  in  Palms.  Ferns,  Soft- 
wooded  Stuff,  and  Propagating._  Age  22.     Eight  years'  expe- 


-C.  L., 


,  Kate  Street,  Balham,  S.W. 


TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— Wanted,  by 
a  young  man  (age  22),  with  six  years'  experience  in  the 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden,  a  situation  in  the  Houses  under  a 
goodi  Foreman.— Mr.    KNOX,  Port  Eliot,  bt.  Geimans,  Com- 


TO  GARDENERS,  &e.— A  youth  (age  i6) 
life  abstainer,  seeks  situation  in  a  good  Garden  ;  three 
years'  good  character.  Will  be  highly  recommended  as  a 
strong,  hooest  and  willing  youth,  well  up  in  Greenhouse  Work. 
—J.  F.,  The  Gardens,  Thornby  Hall,  Rugby. 

'l^O     GARDENERS    or    NURSERYMEN 

-L  — Wanted,  to  place  a  respectable,  well-educated  youth 
(age  16).  wiLh  one  of  the  above  to  Lcim  the  Business.  Time 
given,  or  moderate  Premium.  —  W.,  8i,  Talfourd  Road, 
Peckham,  S.E. 

TO  NURSERYMEN,  FLORISTS,  &c.— 
A  young  man  (age  23)  desires  a  re-engagement.  Well  up 
in  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  Crosses,  &c  Good  references.  Four 
years  in  present  situation.— G.  B.,  Spark  Hill  Nurseries, 
Birmingham. 

TO  FLORISTS,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situation 
in  Shop  or  Conservatory,  by  youth  (age  17)  experienced 
in  Plants.  Seeds,  and  General  Florist  and  Furnishing  Work.— 
M.  G..  16.  Church  Road,  Hove,  Brighton. 

TRAVELLER,  in  the  Nursery  ancPs^ 
Trade. — Has  represented  a  wholesale  House  all  over  the 
kingdom.  Thor-  ugh  knowledge  of  all  Outdoor  Nursery  Stock 
and  its  value.  — R.  M  ,  Gardeners'  Chranic.e  Office,  ^t,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

TRAVELLER,  MANAGER,  or  HEAD 
SHOPMAN. —Thirty  years'  experience  in  Wholesale 
and  Retail  Trade.  Fair  knowledge  of  Plants.— ALPHA, 
99,  Craven  Street.  Birkenhead. 

HOPMAN   (Head),   or   MANAGER   in   a 

Retail  Seed  and  Florist  Business.— Well  up  in  Bouquet 
and  Wreath  Making.  Fifteen  years'  experience.  Good  refer- 
ences.-C.  D.  MARR,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsditch.  E. 

SHOPMAN,  TRAVELLER,  or  otherwise. 
— Age  26  ;  ten  years'  experience,  including  five  years 
with  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley.  Good  references  — W. 
WILLS,  Church  St.eet,  Merriott,  Ctewkerne. 

HOPMAN.— In  Retail  or  Wholesale  Seed 

Warehouse. — Four  years'  experience,  with  a  knowledge 
of  Nursery  and  Office  work.  Good  testimonial.— R.  MILL, 
12,  Victoria  Chambers,  Dundee,  N.B. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,     or    ASSISTANT.— Age     26; 
thorough  knowledge  of  Seed  and    Bulb  Trade.      Gotxl 
references.— W.  B.,  Messrs.  Lamoureux  &  Co  ,  Plymouth. 

SHOPMAN   (Assistant).— Age    23 ;   seven 
years'    experience    in    the    Retail   Trade.      Reference.— 
Messrs.  DICKSON  and  TURNBULL,  Perth,  N.B. 

ORDER    CLERK   to   SALESMAN.— Used 
to  Execution  and  Despatch  of  Orders,  Office  Work   &c. 
Well  up  in  the   Trade Speaks^  and   writes    i*  rench  fluently. 


CARPENTER,  on  a  Gentleman's  Estate.— 
Understands  the  Erection  and  Repairs  of  Greenhouses, 
Cottages.  Farm  Buildings.  Painting  and  Glazing.  Firat-class 
testimonial. — T.  C. ,  Ivy  Cottage.  Wraysbury,  Staines. 

HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—  Rheumatism  and  Rheumatic  gout  are  the  most 
dreaded  of  all  diseases,  because  their  victims  know  that  they 
are  safe  at  no  season,  and  at  no  age  secure.  HoUoway's  Oint- 
ment, alter  fcmentation  of  the  painlul  parts,  gives  greater  relief 
than  any  other  application  ;  but  it  must  be  diligently  used  to 
obtain  this  desirable  result.  It  has  been  highly  commended  by 
rheumatic  subjects  of  all  ages  and  of  both  sexes,  for  rendering 
their  attacks  less  frequent  and  less  vigorous,  and  for  repressmg 
the  sour  perspirations  and  soothing  the  nerves.  In  many  cases 
HoUoway's  Ointment  and  Pills  have  proved  the  grsatest 
|;out  which 


384 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEt>T£MEER   l8,    l88S, 


WEBBS' 


FREE  BY  POST 
OR  RAIL. 


BULBS. 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 


Webbs'  CoUeclion  A 
Webbs'  Collection  B 
Webbs'  Collectioa  C 
Webbs'  Collection  D 
Webbs'  Collection  E 
Webbs'  Collection  F 


207  Bulbs  .. 
134  Bulbs  . . 

96  Bulbs  .. 

60  Bulbs  . . 


For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES,  &c. 

Webbs'  Collection  G  contains  1031  Bulbs  .  - 


Webbs'  CoUei 
Webbs'  CoUeclioi 
Webbs'  Collection 
Webbs'  Colleclio; 
Webbs'  Collectio 
5P" 


647  Bulbs  , 
1  contains  457  Bulbs.. 
J  contains  255  Bulbs  .. 
K  contains  163  Bulbs  . . 
L  contains  117  Bulbs  .. 
cent.  Discount  for  Cash. 


WEBBS' 
BULB  CATALOGUE, 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  tbe  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  tbe  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE, 


GANNELL'S 


NOTHING    LIKE    IT  ! !  ! 

COMPLETE     BOOK 

of  all  the  best  Flowers  both  for  the 
Greenhouse    and    the   Garden    has 
been  Posted  Free  to  all  lovers  of  flowers.     Should  any  fail  to 

This  CATALOGUE  is  really  the  Encyclopedia  ol  all  Floral 
Wants  during  the  autumn  and  winter,  and  is  therefore  of  the 
utmost  importance  to  all  requiring  the  best  and  cheapest 
Flowers,  New  Plants,  Winter-flaweriog  Plants,  Bulbs,  Hardy 
Herbaceous  Plants,  Roses,  &c.,  &c. 

THE    HOME    OF    FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY,    KENT. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS    OF 

CHOICE  FLORISTS'  FLOWERS, 

^■'^''-  Per  doz.     Per  100. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers    s.  d.  s.  d. 

only,  beautifully  tigered  and  spotted. .     26..      — 
CARNATIONS  and   PICOTEES,   from 
stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent, 

of  fine  double  blooms 16. .10     6 

CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  strain  ..  i  6  ..10  6 
CANTERBURY  BELLS,  superbstrain..  i  o  ..  5  6 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM     ALBUM, 

pure  white,  fine  young  plants  . .  .,     4     6     ..30    o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM.  mixed  ..  4  o  ..  25  o 
BROMPTON    STOCK,    giant     scarlet 

double        . .         . .     I    o     . .     5    6 

PRIMULA,  Daniels'  choicest  white,  fine    i    6     ..10    6 
„     Daniels' choicest  red  ..         ..         ..     16     .,   10    6 

,,    Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beau* 

tiful  varieties ..     1    G     ..  10    6 

PANSY,    Emperor  Wijliam,   deep   ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine       10. .76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice  10  ..  76 
PRIMROSES,  splendidslrainof  brilliantly 

coloured  varieties  .  ..  ..     i     6     .,   10     6 

SWEET  WILLIAM,  very  choice  ..10  ■:    6 

WALLFLOWER,  blood-red,  fine  ..10'      56 

„     Golden  Tom  Thumb i     o     ..     5     6 

„     Double  Gei man.  fine  mixed  ..         ..     i     o     ..     6     6 
.„,.,'-''"T"''^'  '''"  ""  ""•'/■'  of  Post-office  Order. 
DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.-Our  beautilullyillustrated 
Catalogue  of  Tulips.  Hyacinths,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  &c  ,  is  now 
ready,  and  may  be  had  free  by  all  customers  on  application. 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Royal  Norfolk  Seed  EstabllBli- 
ment  and  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich. 


HUGH    LOW    &    CO., 

CLAPTON   NURSERY,    LONDON,   E., 
and  BUSH    HILL  PARK   NURSERY,  ENFIELD. 


INSPECTION         I N  V  I  T r  D 
264  B30  Superficial  Feet  of  Glass 


HORTICDLTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IKON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERAITDAHS,  tm. 


JAMES  BOYD  k  SONS, 


1^^S??^^=^T^ 


HOT-WATEK    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRTINQ  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER, 

HOT-WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  description. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Ventilating 

Arrangement 

^"^"^  ^^  ^    ^^  ^"^  for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

All  ktnds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    RAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PURPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 

THE     COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR 

OF 

GARDEN    OPERATIONS. 

ORIGINALLY    COMPILED    BY    THE    LATE    SIR    JOSEPH    PAXTON,    M.P. 


Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3^d. 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.;    Fifty,  lOs.;    and  One  Hundred,  SOs. 

Parcels   of   not  less  than  Twenty-five  delivered.    Carriage  Free,    in  London  only. 

Not  less  than  One  Hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.  C. 
rrinted  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew.  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  by  Iho 
D.^....™  ..  •>..  no:—     -_  Wcllmgton  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturdav,  September  i8,  1886.    Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hxywood. 


said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office, 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


esta^jlisijeti  I84i. 


I0.665.-V0L.  XXVI.  {sSfms.}   SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  25,  1886.    j P^„:f ■r^tfa'&^ees;"^^ 


Allotment  land 
AUcssiagrandi; 
Apiary,  the 
Apples.  Nova  S( 
Cambridge  BjI: 


Cji.ifers    lenovatng  im- 

pover  shed 
Crocu-  Ica'duchorum 
Cucumbers    . 
Cypripedium.  semi-double 
Dahlias,    clas-ific.  tion  of 
Delphiniums 
Downshiie  House 
Etica  hyemai^    .. 
Feres  of  the  Alps,  the    .. 
Figs,  seedling       .. 
Floriculture  in  the  United 

States     

Florist,' flcwers  .. 
Flower  garden,  the 
Fruit,  Ciiriage  of 

Fuchsia,  a  large  .. 

Hardy   fruit  garden,  the 
H<:.baceous  pl.n-s 
Kitchen  garden,  the 


CONTENTS. 

. .     404  i  Landscape  gardening 
. .     390  ;  Leycesteria  lormosa 
Marktt  plan's 
Narcissus  viridlflorus 
Obituary : — 
Blair,  Mrs. 
Peach,  Rev.  C.  B. 
O.chd-h  mes,  ihe 

Orchids,    '" 


390 


rfor 


Peas 

Picea  pungens  glauca     . . 
Plant  porttdits     .. 
Plants  and  their    cidtu  e 
:d,  nn-giowih 


of 
Rhododeodror 
Kockery,  the 
Roseiy,  ihe 
Seed  harvest, 
Society :  — 

Koyal  Hort' 
Spiraothes      Roman; 


ral 


Tobacco  at  Fore  t 
Trees  and  shrubs 
T.o^jeolum  Lobbia 
Wasps 
Weather     . . 
Yams  in  the  West 
Zingiber  bievifol  w 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Box,  Pater  t,  for  Honey  . .  

Cattleya  M  ossia:  . .  

Cypripedium  superbiens,  Semi-double 

Flower  Court  at  Sandringham  . . 

Fuchsia,  a  Large,  at  Ramsay,  Isle  of  Man  , 

PUncfaPub.icPark 

Spiranthes  Romanz,v^ana 


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LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION. 
The  SEVENTH  GRAND  FRUIT  and  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM SHOW  will  be  held  in  St.  George's  Hall,  on  NOVEM- 
BER 23  and  24.  The  Silver  Cup  given  by  J.  Williams  &  Co., 
for  48  blooms  of  Chrj-santhemums,  will  be  competed  for. 
Entries  ciose  November  16.     Schedules  on  application  to 

EDWARD  BRIDGE,  Secretary. 
Tarbock  Road,  Huston. 


EUG.     VERVAET  -  DE     VOS     offers  :  — 
INDIAN  AZALEAS  at  75s.,  looj.,  and  laoi.  per  100. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  at  4or.,  for.,  and  at  Sos.  per  100. 
CAMELLIAS  with  names,  at  iocs,  and  i2or.  per  100. 
SPIRE«  JAPONICA  at  85.  and  loi.  per  too. 
All  bud  plants,  in  the  most  splendid  condition. 
The  Indian  Azalea  Nursery,  S\vynaerde,  near  Ghent,  Belgium. 


AZALEA  INDICA.— All  the  best  sorts,  with 
buds,  or  only  white,  variegated,   or  double    flowered. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  with   buds.     CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts, 
with  buds.    SPIRyf:A  JAPONICA,  DEUTZIA  GRACILIS, 
&c,  :  IMANTOPHYLLUM,  the  largest  collection. 
CATALOGUES  free  on  application. 
ED.  PYNAERT-VAN  GEKRT,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

AMELLIA  TREES  for  Sale,  in  tubs.     Four 

good  grown  plants,   10  to  11  feet  high.      Full  of  buds. 
Any  reasonable  offer. 

NASH,  Furniture  Dealer.  Queen's  Road,  Peckham,  S.E  , 
near  Station, 


To  tlie  Trade. 

JOHN  MOOY  begs  to  inform  his  Friends 
that  he  has  arrived  in  London,  as  usual,  with  a  large 
stock  of  DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.  All  Orders  shall 
receive  his  careful  and  prompt  attention.     Please  address 

JOHN   MOOY,    12,  While  Hart  Street,  Catherine  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


TWO      BEAUTIFUL      NEW      PLANTS. 
IMPATIENS  HAWKFRII,  loj.  &/. 
ARISTOLOCHIA  ELEGANS,  2if. 
The  above  are  the  mc  st  handsome  new  lowering  plants  of  the 
year.     They  are  now  being  sent  out,  and  can  be  seen  in  flower  at 


MESSRS.    FRED.    HORSMAN  AND  CO., 
Orchid  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
iheirnew  interleaved  CATALOGUE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwardsd  post-free  on  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO..  Colchester. 


Bulb  Catalogue. 

OUR  GENERAL  LIST 
of  BULBS  and  LILIES  for  Autumn  Planting  (No.  84), 
is  now  published.  Any  Customer  not  having  received  a  Copy, 
is  lequesled  to  apply  for  one. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 


ROSES  IN  POTS.—  Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sons,  in  pots,  15X.  to  36;. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    amd    CO  ,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


WINTER-FLOWERING    HEATHS. 
Unexcepiionally  fine. 
The  Plants  are  well.grown  and  abundantly  set  with  flower-bud<. 
Samples  and  prices  on  application. 
JOHN   STANDISH    and   CO..  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemahs  and  other  varieties).  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS  :  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS,  VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 


FOR  SALE,  about  3|  dozen  GARDENIAS, 
well  budded  and  planted  in  pits  ;  also  13  large  pots  of 
EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA,  splendid  flowering  bulbs.  Price 
on  application  to 

E.  HAWTHORN.  Gardener,  Ascot  Rectory,  Berks. 


F 


Leyto 


To  Orape  Growers  and  Otbers. 
OR   SALE,  looo  2-year  old   GENISTAS. 

Good  shaped  Plants-     No  reasonable  offer  refused. 
BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Edhh  Nursery,  Burchall  Road, 


Dwarf-Trained  and  Half-Standard 

PEACH  TREES. — Several  extra-sized  young 
Peach  Trees,  Royal  George,  &c.  :  NECTARINES, 
fruiting  trees  ;  for  disposal,  for  want  of  room.  All  these  trees 
have  borne  heavy  crops  this  season.     Apply  to 

W.  ICETON,  Putney  Park  Lane,  S.W. 


STRAWBERRIES.— A    Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  forwarded  post-free  on  apphcation. 
THOS  RIVERS  AND  SON,  Nurseries.  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

Orape  Vinea 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stock  of  GRAPE  VINES,  clean,  robust,  and  healthy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  rsquested  to  come  and  see  them  during  the 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  55.  and  ^i.  td.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  los.  dd.  and  12s.  bd.  each. 

The  Vineyard.  Garston,  Liverpool. 

WILLIAM  D  E  N   M  A  N, 

Salesman   and    Horticiiltural    Agbnt,     Covent 
Garden.  London,  W.C.,  has  COMMENCED  the  AUTUMN 
SEASON  for  SALE  of  CHOICE  CUT  FLOWERS. 
Agent  for  Aueu^t  Van  Geert,  Continental  Nurseries,  Ghent. 
LIST  and  particulars  on  apphcation. 

Floral  Commlaslon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  53,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  ^ving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


w 


ANTED,   fine   large   Plants,   m   pots,   of 

MAGNOLIA  GRANDIFLORA.    Apply  by  letter  to 
Irs.  BENETT,  Stanford  Pyt  House.  Tisbury. 


Peaches— Peaches— Peaches. 

WANTED,   good    FRUIT   of  above,  also 
STEPHANOTIS,  ORCHIDS,  &c. 
WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES    WANTED.  —  Growers    of 
Rose;,  Fruit  Trees,  &c,  are  requested  to  send  Copies  of 
their  latest  Catalogues  to  the 

SECRETARY  of  the  ROSE  GROWERS'  ASSOCIATION. 
Box  313,  G.P.O.,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  Australia. 


SUTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing prices  and  full  particulars  of  the   Best  Bulbs,  gratis 
and  post-free  on  application. 

S~  UTTON'S  BULB'CATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing detaUed  particulars    of    Collections   of  Bulbs  for  all 
purposes,  gratis  ana  post-free  on  application. __^ 

S~  UTTON'S  BULBCATALOGUE,  contain- 
ing instructions  for  the  successful  culture  of  Hyacinths, 
Tulips,    Narcissus,  Crocus,  &c.,  gratis  and  post-free  on  appL- 


S UTTON'S  BULB  CATALOGUE,  beauti- 
fully illustrated  with  a  handsome  Coloured  Plate  repre- 
senting Sutton's  Hyacinths  in  growth  in  HoIUnd,  and  numerous 
engravings,  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 


QUTTON  AND  SONS,  SEEDSMEN  by  Royal 

O     Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen  ard  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  Reading. 


F 


CHOICE  SHRUBS,  for  Pots  or  Boxes.— 
THUIA  AUREA.  RETINOSPORA  AUREA,  CU- 
PRESSUS  ERECTA  VIRIDIS,  JUNIPERUS.  &c.,  nice 
shape,  9  to  18  inches  high  ;  3or.  per  too. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedovvn,  Kidderminster. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY.  —  First  quality 
of  true  Berlin  variety  for  early  forcing,  at  33J.  per  loco. 
By  larger  quantities,  special  price.  A  liberal  discount  for  cash 
allowed.     Samples  sent  free  of  charge. 

H.  GUMTAU  AND  CO.,  14,  Victoria  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 

OR  SALE,  30  AZALEAS,  from  2  to  4  feet 

hieh,  most  white  ;  loo  MYRTLES,  large  and  small  leaf : 
300  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  looo  PRIMULAS,  best  Market 
straio.-A   COOPER,  62,  Stockwell  Road,  Stockwell,  S  W. 

Five  MiUlons  of 

FOREST  TREE  SEEDLINGS,  i  and  2-yr. 
old,  vii,  :-LARCH,  Scotch  SPRUCE.  Austrian  PINE, 
Silver  FIR,  ALDER,  BIRCH,  ASH.  SYCAMORE,  BEECH, 
and  THORN  QUICK,  will  be  sold  cheap- -to  clear  Land.  For 
sample  and  price  apply  to 

PETER  BLAKE,  Nurseryman,  Summer  Hill,  Co.  Meath, 
Ireland. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  for  forcing. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  splendid  2-yr.  seedlings,  at  51.  per 
100.  AZALEA  INDICA.  HOTEIA  JAPONICA,  RHODO- 
DENDRON, FICUS,  KENTIA.  LATANIA  PALMS,  io 
store  pots.    All  very  well  grown  and  cheap.     To  be  had  from 

O.  BURVENICH-DE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge,  near  Ghent, 
Belgium.  CATALOGUES  to  be  had  free  on  application  to 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  EC. 


There  is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3J.  each. 
All  the  hner  old  kinds  at  \s.  to  2r.  each. 

SPIR/EA  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 

New  Fern 

ADIANTUM  FRAGRANTISSIMUM 

(First-class  Certificate).— See  full  description  in   Gar- 
deneri'  Chronicle,  July  10. 

Strong  healthy  plants,  in  4-inch  pots,  each,   5*.  and  71.  fid. ; 
6  for  2 If.  and  30r. 

E.   G.   HENDERSON  and   SON,    Pine-apple    Nursery, 
Maida  Vale.  London,  W. 

CamelllaB,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  bs  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars.  London.  E.C. 

Eoses— Roses— Koses. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  a  large  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROSES  in  all  ihe  leading  varieties;  also  a 
ane  stock  of  MARECHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRfc  DE  DIjON.  and 
other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices  oa 
application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  u.,  is.  6J.,  5s.  6rf., 
and  loj.  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  AUo  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

IMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 
Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 
full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 
also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 
Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 
THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 
ro,  CuUum  Street,  London,  E.C. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards,  each  at  los.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  2s.  6J.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15J.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51.  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  los.  td.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  135.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro*  Station,  Hants. 


386 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


[September  25,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms  38,  Kioe  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C, every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  antl 
SATURDAY,  first-class  Bulbs  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all 
Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next— (Sale  No.  7229). 
SOUTH  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES.— TRADE  SALE. 

MK.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
September  20,  a  consignment  of  20,000  extra  fine  SOUTH 
AFRICAN  TUBEROSES,  just  received  direct. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tbursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7230 ) 
VALUABLE    IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT.  September  30.  at  half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely,  a  fine  lot  of  ONCIDIUM  PHAL/ENOPSIS,  large 
masses,  in  good  condition;  MAXILLARIA  GRANDI- 
FLORA,  the  largeround-flowered  form  :  ODONTOGLOSSUM 
PARDINUM,  very  scarce,  and  difficult  to  import;  DEN- 
DRODIUM  DEAREI,  CYPRIPEDIUM  CILIOLARE, 
C.  HOOKER.E,  C.  STONEI,  VANDA  HOOKERI,  and  a 
few  large  flowering  forms  of  ONCIDIUM  ROGERSI,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tliursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7230). 
SPATHOGLOTITS  KIMBALLIANA. 
A  magnificent  novelty,  producing  flower-snikes  i^  to  2  feet  in 
height,  each  bearing  as  many  as  20  flowers,  and  of  these 
from  7  to  10  are  expanded  at  one  time.  The  flowers  are  of 
a  brilliant  yellow)  the  lip  being  spotted  with  purple,  they 
are  as  large  as  a  good  Phalajnopsis  amabilis  which  they 
greatly  resemble  in  form  ;  they  are  of  considerable  sub- 
stance, and  last  a  great  length  of  time  in  bloom.  It  grows 
on  rocks,  at  an  elevation  of  some  3000  feet  in  a  damp  aimo- 

M'V.'^j.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on 
THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  30,  a  small  importation  of 
the  above  striking  novelty,  the  plants  are  healthy  and  making 
good  growths.  It  is  a  free-flowering,  easy-growing  ORCHID. 
On  view  moraiog  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.-(Saie  No.  7^30 ) 

Twenty-five  fine  Plants  of  CATTLEYA  VELUTINA  (some 
in  Bud);  LYCASTE  SKINNERI  ALBA  (with  two 
fliwers)  ;  CATTLEYA  ELDORADO  (delicatissima),  fine 

M™R?  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W  C,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT,  September  30. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catajojues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  la  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  October  14,  at  half-past  n 
o'clock  precisely,  and  he  will  be  glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of 
Entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  wilt  please  send  particulars  as 

Without  Eeserre. 
Genuine  Sale  of  NUR-iERY  PLANTS  and  Stock  in  Trade. 

MESSRS.  JENKINS  AND  SONS  have 
received  instructions  from  a  Firm  of  Nurserymen,  who 
are  relinquishing  the  Business,  to  remove  and  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  the  New  Cross  Auction  Mart,  171,  Lewisham  High 
Road,  S  E.,  on  SATURDAY,  September  25.  at  3  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, the  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisiing  of  over  3000  Plants, 
including  250  Adiantum  Ferns,  70  Azaleas,  ico  Begonias,  26 
Cactus.  40  Deutzias,  126  Chrysanthemums,  60  Cystisus,  24 
Camellias,  roo  Fuchsias,  60  greenhouse  Ferns,  100  Ficus,  30 
Gardenias,  aoo  Geraniums,  50  Gloxinias,  4  Hydrangeas,  40 
Habrothamus,  50  Marguerites,  too  Palms,  and  numerous  other 
plants,  all  healthy  and  clean  :  large  covered  VAN  and  HAR- 
NESS, Artificial  CAPE  FLOWER  and  Metal  WREATHS 
and  CROSSES;  GARDEN  FRAMES,  MATS,  TOOLS, 
and  other  REQUISITES. 

The  whole  will  be  on  view  prior  and  Day  of  Sale.     Cata- 
logues of  the  Auctioneers,  t7i.  Lewisham  High  Road,  S.E. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURD.-\\',  at  half-past  11  o'Clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent  quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Sale  Friday  Next. 
Instead  of  Tuesday,  as  previously  advertised. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Ro-^ms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E  C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT. 
October  i.  at  half-past  12  o'Clrck  precisely,  about  130  lots  of 
ESTABLISHED  and  SEMI-ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS, 
from  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  well  sheathed  and 
rooted,  including  the  ntw  Cattleya.  Masdevallia  picturata,  the 
new  white  Bletia,  a  new  Sobralia-lilce  plant,  and  several  other 
novelties  ;  some  good  cool  Odontoglossums,  such  as  corr 
blandum,  hastilalDium,  and  many  others  growing  Ireely. 

Also  impirted  and  established  ODONTOGLOSSUM 
ALEXANDR/E,  ur.flawe;ed  CATTLEVAS  and  other 
ORCHIDS  from  Messrs.  Shuttleworth.  Carder  &  Co. 

A  quantity  of  Imported  OMCIDIUM  LANCEANUM 
SUPERBUM,  PAPHINIA  GRANDIS,  CORYANTHES 
MACRANTHA,  &c.,  in  splendid  condition. 

Together  with  3  choice  .assortment  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower, 
from  various  collections. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Orchids  In  Flower.-On  Friday  Next. 

Instead    of    Tuesday,  as    previously    advertised. 

MESSSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside.  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  i 
(instead  of  Tuesday  Next,  as  previously  advertised),  a  choice 
assortment  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  from  various  collec- 
tions, including  Miltonia  Repnelli  purpurea  superba.  Odonto- 
glossum  Insleayii  splendens,  very  fine  variety  ;  O.  Wilkeanum, 
Cypripedium  Spicerianutn,  Cattleya  bicolor,  21  flowers;  Lslia 
elegans,  Cattleya  Trianae  alba  (true),  Oncidiums,  Catlleyas» 
Odontoglossums,  and  many  others. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had, 

Hereford 


NINE   DAYS'   SALE. 
GREAT    UNRESERVED    CLEARANCE    SALE    of   the 

whole   of  the  well-grown    NURSERY    STOCK,    now    in 
sp'endid  condition,  and  extending  over  80  acres  of  ground, 
being  one  of  the  largest  Auctions  held  for  many  years. 
Important    to     the    Trade    and    others     largely    engaged     in 
planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Kmg's  Acre 
Nurseries,  near  Hereford,  on  MONDAY,  October  4,  and  eight 
following  days,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  the  whole  of 
the  unusually  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has 
been  carefully  prepared  for  removal,  and  is  now  in  excellent 
and  thriving  condition  To  convey  an  idea  of  its  magnitude, 
the  following  items  may  be  mentioned  :  — 

Enormous  quantities  of  Conifers,  including  splendid  speci- 
mens, from  6  to  20  feet  in  height,  and  thousands  of  younger 
plants. 


,000  standard     Ornamental 

60 

0:0  FruitTrees— analmost 

Trees,    consisting   of 

unrivalled  stock,  and 

Planes,     extra      tine 

which,  lor  Jreeness  of 

Purple  Beech,  double 

growth,     cannot     be 

Scarlet  Thorns,  &c. 

3,ooo  Forest  Trees,    Larch, 

ing  all  the  best  kinds 

Spruce.  &c. 

in    Standard,     Pyra- 

3,oo3 2-yr.  seedling  Ash  and 

mid,      and      Dwarf- 

Oak 

trained            Apples, 

3,coo  3  yr.  to  5-yr.  Quick 

Pears,  Plums,  Lher- 

,000  Aucubas  of  sons 

ries,  trained  Peaches 

GOO  English  Yews,  various 

and  Nectarines,  &c. 

sizes 

c»o  Currants    and    Gonse- 

.503  Hollies  of  sorts 

,000  Laurels  (common,  Cau- 

the Lancashire  friza 

casian,  colchica,  and 

sorts 

rutnndifolia  varieties) 

30O  ?-yr.  Apple  and  Cherry 

,500  Evergreen  and   Orna- 

stocks ■ 

mental  Shrubs 

000  Seakale.  one  year  and 

C03  Deciduous  and  Flower- 

two years 

ing  Shrubs 

9 

300  Climbuig  Plants 

Stindard  and  Dwarf  F 

OSes 

and  other  Stock. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  (Sunday  excepted)  prior  to  the  Sale, 
Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premise*;,  or  of  the  Auctioneers 
and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,  and  Ley- 
ton  stone. 

N.B  —Purchasers  can  arrange  with  the  Manager,  at  the 
Nurseries,  to  have  their  lots  lifted  and  conveyed  to  the  Here- 
ford Stations,  whence  goods  may  be  despatched  to  any  part  of 
the  country  without  change  of  truck. 

Note. —A  SALE  of  the  remaining  GREENHOUSE. 
ALPINE,  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  will  take  place, 
on  the  Premises,  on  THURSDAY,  October  14.  at  12  o'Clock 
precisely,  of  which  a  Supplemental  y  Catalogue  will  be  issued. 
Copies  will  be  obtainable  on  the  Premises,  or  at  (he  Auc- 
tioneer's Offices. 

Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 

SALE  of  Extra  Thriving  and  Young  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  C.  Young  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery.  Upper  Tooting  Park, 
S.W..  five  minutes-  walk  from  Balham  Station,  on  TUESDAY. 
October  5,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  well- 
grown  and  thriving  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  excellent  con- 
dition for  removal,  consisting  of  thousands  of  Ornamental 
Shrubs  and  Trees,  including  Laurels,  Aucubas,  Hollies,  Rhodo- 
dendrons, Cupressus,  and  many  others  ;  Trained  Fiuit  Trees, 
Climbers,  a  variety  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Palms, 
Ferns,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, at  Mr.  Young's  Seed  Shop.  Balham,  and  of  the  Auc- 
tioneers, 6;  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 

Elvaston  Nurseries,  Borrowash,  near  Derlsy. 

Important  and  extensive  SALE  ot  FIRST-CLASS  NURSERY 
STOCK 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  received  instructions  from  Messrs.  Barrow  &  Son 
to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on 
WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  October  ra  and  r4.  a 
large  quantity  of  Rare  CONIFER^E,  matchless  Golden 
YEWS  and  HOLLIES,  and  other  Stock,  of  which  further 
purticulars  will  appear. 

67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

The  Wood  Lane  Nursery,  Islewortli. 

SPECIAL  TRADE  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son,  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  FRIDAY, 
October  15,  a  great  quantity  of  beautifully  grown  young  CONI- 
FERvE. 

Further  particulars  will  appear. 

Absolutely  without  reserve.— A'c  John  Johnson,  Esq., 

deceased. 

MESSRS.  FULLER  and  FULLER  will 
include  in  their  SALE  at  Elmlield.  High  Road.  Upper 
Clapton,  E.,  commencing  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  ip, 
a  fine  COLLECTION  of  CHOICE  ORCHIDS,  FERNS, 
FUCHSIAS,  VINES,  CAMELLIAS,  GARDENIAS,  CY- 
CLAMENS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  GERANIUMS,  PE- 
LARGONIUMS, AZALEAS,  RHODODENDRONS,  BOU- 
VARDIAS,  ROSES  in  pots,  and  numerous  other  PLANTS 
and  SHRUBS. 

Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneers,  70,  Queen  Street,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 


Whlttlngton  Nurseries,  near  Lich&eld. 

MR.  GEORGE  MARbDEN  has  the 
pleasure  to  announce  that  he  is  instructed  by  Mr. 
Edward  Holmes  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  widely 
known  Nurseries  on  THURSDAY,  September  10,  and 
FRIDAY,  October  r,  commencing  each  day  punctually  at  10 
o'clock,  an  immense  stock  of  ;  — 

FRUIT  TREES,   in   Apples.  Pears,    Plums,  Cheriies.  Nuts, 
Crabs,  &c.,   in  Standards,   Pyramids,  Dwarfs,   and  Dwar< 

ROSES  :  several  thousands  of  Standard,  DAarf,  and  pet  Roses. 

All  leading  varieties. 
RHODODENDRONS  :  several  thousand  of  the  best  named 

varieties  of  Rhododendrons,  and  other  American  Plants 
CONIFERS  :  a  large  variety,  all  well-grown  and  vigorous, 
DECIDUOUS  and  EVERGREEN  TREES  and  SHRUBS, 

including    fine    varieties    of    Laurels,    Hollies,     Privets, 

Aucubas.  Ferberis,  Box,  Limes,  &c. 
FOREST  TREES,   including  Scotch,  Austrian,  and   Spruce 

Firs. 
CLIMBING  PLANTS  in  great  profusion  and  variety,  and  a 

select  collection  of  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants. 
STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS;   select  varieties  of, 

including  Azaleas,  Camellias,  &c. 

In  lots  suitable  to  all  classes  of  buyers. 
The  Stock  in  the  above  Sale  is  among  the  finest  in  the  trade. 
Catalogues  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  at  the  phce  of  Sale 
or  of  the  Auctioneer,  Wirksworth. 


TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  an  Old-established 
SEED,  FLORIST  and  FRUIT  BUSINESS,  at 
Kendal,  Westmoreland.  Established  1810,  Satisfactory 
reasons  for  disposal.  Incoming  light.  A  rare  oppoitunity 
for  a  pushing  man. 

Apply  to  JOHN  MONKHOUSE,  Avonmount.  Kendal. 


F^ 

)R 

SALE, 

a 

Bargain, 

a   Small 

FRUIT 

NURSERY 

of 

Bearing    St'a 

ndard     and 

Ornamental 

Trees 

anr 

Shrubs. 

Valu 

able  Land  i 

1  fine  situati 

n.      For  de- 

script 

on. 

&c.,  apply 

to  Mr.  J.  CARLESS,  Solicito 

1,  Hereford. 

Market  Square,  Retford. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  solely  on  account  of  ill- 
health,  the  old-established  business  of  NURSERY  and 
SEEDSMAN,  as  carried  on  by  Mr.  W.  Wright  for  the  past  thirty 
years.  The  Shop,  situatedi  n  the  Market  Square,  commands  a 
really  good  Agricultural  and  Garden  Seed  Trade,  and  is 
woiked  at  a  very  small  expense.  The  Land  (17^^  Acres), 
within  five  minutes*  walk  from  the  Shop,  is  worked  part  as 
Nursery,  and  part  for  Market  Gardening.  The  Nursery  Stock 
is  General,  such  as  Roses,  Laurels,  Yews,  Holly,  Box,  he  A 
considerable  portion  of  the  land  is  yearly  cropped  with  Celery, 
for  which  it  is  very  suitable,  and  my  Celery,  both  Seed  and 
Plants,  commands  a  ready  sale.  The  above  will  be  sold 
together,  or  separately  if  necessary. 
Full  particulars  from  W,  WRIGHT,  Market  Square,  Retford. 

Little  Fosbrook.  South  Hants. 

3M    miles   from    Fareham    Railway   Station 

To   MARKET    GARDENERS.    FLORISTS.    FRUIT 

GROWERS,   and   OTHERS. 

TO  LET,  with  Immediate  Possession,  solely 
in  consequence  of  the  death  of  the  Manager; 
30  VINERIES,  GREENHOUSES,  ORCHARD.  CUCUM 
BER,  and  TOMATO  HOUSE,  covering  about  1;^  acre. 
The  Houses  ate  heated  by  3  Boilers,  and  work  on  the  most 
economical  principles.  With  the  above  will  be  Let  r4  acres  of 
LAND,  of  the  finest  quality,  partly  planted  with  Orchard 
Trees,  now  in  full  bearing.  There  is  a  good  Manager's  House, 
and  one  Cottage.  The  climate  is  most  suitable,  andone  of  the 
best  in  England  for  the  growth  of  Fruit,  Rosei,  Cut  Flowers, 
or  for  Market  Garden  purposes.  The  whole  of  the  plant  anti 
stock  may  be  taken  by  valuation  in  the  usual  way 

Further  particulars   may   be    had    ot    C.    B.    SMITH    AND 
GOLDSMITH,  Fareham  and  Portsea.  Hants. 


of 


To  Gardeners,  Nurserymen,  and  Others. 

TO  BE  LET,  within  three  minutes'  walk  of 
the  railway  station,  a  capital  NURSERY  and  FRUIT 
GARDEN,  containing  One  Acre,  with  Greenhouse  rao  feet 
long  (fitted  with  Hot-water  Apparatus),  Stable.  Shed,  and 
Piggeries.  Incoming  including  Greenhouse  and  Buildings, 
about  ;£i50. 

Apply   Mr.   ALFRED    DARRY,   Chelmsford. 

Vmstone  Nurseries,  near  Plymouth. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  Lady-day  next,  for  a  Term 
ot  7,  t4,  or  21  years,  these  well-known  NURSERIES, 
for  many  years  so  successfully  carried  on  by  the  late  Mr.  Pootey, 
and  since  by  Mr,  Serpell,  situated  about  a  mile  from  Plymouth, 
over  3  Acres  in  extent,  with  a  Dwelling-house,  Two  Gardener's 
Cottages,  large  Greenhouses,  Melon-pit,  &c. 

Apply    to    WOOLCOMBE    and    PRIDHAM,     Solicitors, 
Plymouth. 

New  Perpetual  Strawberry,  "Rol  Henri." 

PAUL  AND  SON  can  supply  this  as  shown 
by  them  in  fruit  on  open-ground  grown  plants,  Sep- 
tember 2t,  R.H.S.  :  in  small  pots,  6j,  per  dozen  ;  in  33'a,  X25. 
per  dozen.  The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 

Rhododendron  Stocks, 

PAUL    AND    SON    can    supply    some    few 
thousands  of   these,    good,  at  £,^  per  1000. 
The  "  Old  '•  Nurseries,  Cheshunt. 


SEEDLING     BRIERS.— Any    quantity    of 
3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW   ROSES   of   18S5-6.— 15-,    per   dozen 
varieties  (my  selection)  ;   30X.  per  twenty-five  varieties 
(my  selection), 
My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  Now  Roses  sent  post-free. 
My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 
of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 
out  of  each  variety,  free  for  ^d.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen.  Calvados,  France. 

HEAP,      STRONG,      SOUND 

BULBS. 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  strong,  i2j,  id.  per  100. 

,,     NARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  9s.  per  too. 
PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS,  e.xtra  strong,  gs.  per  100. 
FINE  NAMED  HYACINTHS,  for  pots,  in  sorts,  51.  per  doz. 
>,    ,,    „    for  borders,  165.  per  100. 
„    „    CROCUS,  in  sorts,  as.  per  100 ;  15J.  per  looo. 
CATALOGUES    free    on    application. 
Special  Prices  for  Large  Quantities. 
FINE  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  ti.  per  pound. 

JOHN  SHAW,  Jun.,   Bulb  Importer  and  Seed  Merchant, 
10,  The  Downs,  Bowdon,  Cheshire. 


Septemper  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


387 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
riintiDg.— The  Best  Varieties.  I  he  Best  PlanU.  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market.  Miss  Jolliff  CARNATIONS,  Marie 
Louise  VIOLETS,  and  Marchioness  PRIMULAS.— Apply  for 
particulars  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Sumford. 

OVEL'S  STRAWBERRY^RUNNERS.— 

Price  31.   per   100,    yis.   6d.  per  500,   20J.    per  loao. 
From  leadine  varieties.     LIST  on  application. 
Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  ^d. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Stra-vherry  Growers,  Driffield. 

Importation  and  Exportation 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ornamental  Plant  Nur- 
sery, Ghent.  Belgium,  offers  to  the  Trade  at  very  loiv 
prices  AZALEA  INDICA.  best  sorts,  with  buds;  AZALEA 
IHDICa,  Mme  VANDER  CRUYSSEN,  with  buds: 
AZALEA  INDICA,  cnly  white,  with  buds  ;  AZALEA 
MOLLIS,  wuh  bud<.  CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts,  with  and 
without  buds;  CAMELLIAS,  only  white,  with  and  without 
buds;  DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  strong.  FICUS  EL'.STICA. 
£i  to  li  per  too.  HYORANGEA  PANICULATA 
URANDltLORA,  strong.  ^PIR.'EA  JAPONICA,  i  and  2 
years.  CATALOGUE  Iree  on  application. 

TgHTY    thousand     clematis,    in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  ro  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  tar.  to  24^.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tions. &c.— Latania  borbonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  and 
Phcenix  reclinata,  seedlings,  ta  inches  high,  41.  per  doz.  ;  25^. 
per  100.  Latania  borbonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  Euterpe  edulis,  Phceoix  reclinata,  and  Corypha  australis, 
ao  inches  high.  i2i.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  1^.  ^d.  each. 
Packages  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order.  A  few 
large  Featherv  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

OQQ  GREENHOUSE       PLANTS 

^— '^-^^^  in  excellent  condition,  consisting  ot  about  thirty 
different  kinds,  viz.  :-ORCHIDS.  FERNS.  DRACHMAS, 
PALMS,  CAMELLIAS,  BEGONIAS,  PANDANUS,  &c., 
are  offered  on  very  advantagecus  terms.  Gentlemen  furnishing 
will  find  the  above  well  worth  attention. 

Apply  D, ,  Albion  Lodge,  Paik  Lane,  Stoke  Newington,  N.. 
where  they  may  be  A  ' 


ed. 


SPECIAL  AND  CHEAP  OFFER 
TO  THE  TRADE. 
AZALEA  PONTICA.  INDICA  ;  RHODODENDRON 
PONTICUM  ;  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA  and 
GRANDI  FLORA:  SPIR/EA  jAPONICAand  PALM  ATA  ; 
ACER  NEGUNDO  FUl.llS  VARIEGATIj  ;  Cf)RVLUS 
AVELLANA  and  PURPUREA:  CORNUS  SlBIRICAand 
SANGUINEA  ;  PALMS  —  LATANIA.  PHff.NIX 
CORVPHA,  KENTIA,  ARECA  ;  FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL TKKES  and  SHRUBS  ;  ABIES  NORD- 
MANNIANA. 

Prices  and  full  particulars  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 
P.      E.      FRANCKEN,     Nuiseryman,     Steenbrugge,     near 
Bruges,  Relgium. 

"r\UTCH    BULBS. 

"jTilRECT   FROM   THE   GROWERS. 

ANT,  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  DuTCit  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  >836,  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower  The 
Caia'oJue,  containing  details  cf  iheir  immense  Collections  of 
New.  Rare,  aud  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Deuiverv,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  10 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane, 
St.  Mary  at-IIill,  London,  E.C. 

Orchids. 

JROBSON,  Bowdon  Nursery,  Altrincham, 
•  haviog  purchased  Two  Private  Collections  of  Established 
ORCHIDS,  is  prepared  to  supply  strong  flowering  Plants  at 
the  following  very  low  prices  for  cash  :  — 

12  ORCHIDS,  in  12  choice  varieties,  60s,  ;  34  ditto,  103s. 
List  of  sorts  on  application. 

J.  R.  is  also  offering  the  following  Plants,  at  extraordinarily 
low  prices,  viz.  :— CARNATIONS,  in  25  best  varieties,  loi. 
per  100:  DIANTHUS.  Napoleon  III.,  20J.  per  100  ;  PICO- 
TEES,  in  25  best  varieties,  251.  per  ico  ;  PYRETHRUMS, 
in  25  best  double  varieties,  20s.  per  too  ;  PELARGONIUMS, 
in  25  be^t  varieties,  40J.  per  100  ;  Manchester  Market  and 
Drumhead  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  3s.  per  1000  for  cash. 

Sweet-scented  Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas. 


TSAAC  DAVIES  and  SON  have  this  season 

-JL     to  offer  a  fine  slock  of  the  above,  well  set  with  buds  ;  also 
many  other  choice  hybrids  of  their  own  raising. 

CATALOGUES  post-free  on  application. 
Brock    Lane    Nursery,     Ormsktrk,     Lancashire. 


^^m^amM^M 


OUR       HOUSES       of      BEGONIAS. 
They  are  now  most  maenificent,  far  beyond  anything  be- 
fore seen  in  this  or  any  ether  country.     Send  for  a  Catalogue. 

H.    CANNELL   &   SONS, 

THE  HOME  OF  FLOWERS,  SWANLEY,  KENT. 


c 


HEAP  BULBS 

NARCISSUS,  25-'.  :  Winter  ACOAITES,  2ts.  ; 

Grape  HYACINTHS,  211.  per  1000. 
See    CATALOGUE     forwarded    on    application. 


James  Dickson  &  Sons 

}CHESTER. 


108  EASTGATE  ST. 
'NEWTON'   NUESERIES 


NEW      DESSERT      APPLE, 
"Beauty  of  Bath." 

GEO.  COOLING  &  SONS 

Have  pleasure  in  offerinx  a  small  Slock  of  this 
fine  early  Dessert  Apple. 
It  ripens  in  July  and  early  part  of  August,  is  quite  distinct,  of 
medium  size,  exceedingly  handsome  in  appearance,  being  beau- 
ttlully  striped  with  red  towards  the  sun,  has  a  brisk,  sweet 
flavour,  and  is  in  everj'  respect  far  superior  to  Juneating  or 
Iiish  Pea^h  ;  it  is  a  large  and  certain  cropper,  and  on  that 
account  will  be  most  valuable  as  a  market  variety. 

During  the  past  two  seasons  it  has  been  awarded  First  Prizes 
in  the  Dessert  Classes  at  Taunton,  Trowbridge,  Weston-super- 
Mare.  Keevil,  and  ether  West  of  England  Shows,  where  Apples 
are  always  well  exhibited. 

Strong  Maiden  Trees,  3s.  6d.  each ; 
Pyramids,  5s 

Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

As  our  Stock  Is  very  Limited,  wo  respectfully 

solicit  early  Orders. 

THE    NURSERIES.    BATH. 


A.    B.    C. 
BUI.B    GUIDE. 


prepared    with    very    much    care,    containing    much     reliable 

information  upon  Bulb;  generally,  including  the 

following  families  :— 

HYACINTHS.    TULIPS,    CROCUS.    SNOWDROPS. 

CHIONODOXAS,    GLADIOLUS,    &c. 
Very  extensive  lists  of  varieties  of  these  ate  included,  consist- 
ing of  nearly  every  variety   which   can  be   considered    worth 
growing, 

IRIS.-Of  these  I  hold  one  of  the  finest  collections  in  the 
world  ;   six  pages  are  devoted  to  this  family  alone. 

HELLEBORES,  or  CHRISTMAS  ROSES,  aie  a  great 
speciilty  at  Tottenham.  The  colIectioQ  is  very  complete,  and 
the  plants  are  exceptionally  good.     I  have  thou-and;  ot   fine, 

Strong,  healthy  clumps  of  the  varieties  major,  maxima, 
caucaslca,  Madame  Fourcade,  and  many  others. 

DAFFODILS  and  LILIES 


Part  II.  of  my  Bulb  Catalogue, 
Twenty-six  pages  being  devoted  to  them.  Both  families  are 
cultivated  by  me  mo^t  extensively,  my  collection  including 
almost  every  variety  in  cultivation.  These  have  been  shown 
most  extensively  during  the  present  season  at  the  Great 
London  Shows,  and  have  be;n  very  much  admired,  and  have 
done  much  to  assist  in  securing  for  me  the  many  Awards  it 
hat  been  my  pleasure  to  receive. 

Copies  of  this  most  complete  and  interesting  Catalogue  may 
be  had  gratuitous'y  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    S.    WARF, 

HALE      FARM       NURSERIES, 
TOTTENHAM,   LONDON. 


RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  their  extensive  stock  of 
Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  of  all  descriptions,  for  Planting  or 
forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and  well  budded. 
The  Azalea  mollis  are  remarkably  fine  and  well  budded,  and 
they  ofTer  good  bushy  Plants,  full  of  buds,  at  Zs.  to  qj.  per 
dozen  ;  50J.  to  tos.  per  100.  They  have  also  to  offer,  in  quantity, 
Hollies,  Aucubas,  Laurels.  Retinosporas,  Flowering  and  Orna- 
mental Trees  and  Shrubs,  Lilium  auratum,  &c. 

Their  stocks  of  these  are  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  are 
very  moderate.     Catalogues  post-free  on  application. 

Brooh  Lane  Nursery.  ORMSKIRK,  LANCASHIRE. 

B^ULBOUS 
FLOWER  ROOTS. 

A  very  choice  Collection, 

HYACINTHS,      LILIES, 

CROCUS,    lULIPS, 

&c. 

CARRIAGE     FREE. 
Priced  Catalogues  post-free. 

James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

ICHESTER. 


108  EASTGATE  ST. 
'NEWTON'   NUESEEIES 


JERSEY    FRUIT  TREES. 

Carriage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  View 
Nurseries,  who  will  send.  Carriage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


THE  PLANTING  SEASON, 


THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &c., 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOW  BRING  SHRUBS. 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUIT  TREES  aud  GRAPE  VINES 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c., 

May  he  seen  and  put  chased  at 

WM.    PAUL.     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

"WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Wallham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway, 
halt  an  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  \on  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE  con- 
tains List  of  all  varieties  of  English,  Dulch.  and  French- 
grown  bulbs.  All  first  quality  and  low  prices.  May  be  had  on 
application.  Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities  of  the 
following  :- 

100,000   SINGLE  DAFFODILS.  [eyed.) 

50,000  NARCISSUS  POETICUS  (Phe.isant- 
50,000   NARCISSUS    DOUBLE    WHITE. 
5,000   LILIUM     LONGIFLORUM     (Fine 
English-grown). 
100  000   SCILLA      SIBIRICA,      rich      blue   ; 
blooming  same  time  as  the  Snowdrop. 
10,000   HYACINTHS,  mixed,  all  colours  ;  fine 
sample,  very  cheap. 
200,000   CROCUS,   yellow,    in   three  sizes  ;    and 
various  other  varieties  of  Bulbs. 

WATKINS    &   SIMPSON, 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NDT  FIBEE  REFUSE. 

^.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25J.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  loni), 
tos. ;  ^-bushel  bags,  4a?.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  td.  per  sack  ; 
5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  ji.  per  sack,  s  sacks  jw.  ;  sacks, 
4(f.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  gaf.  per  bushel ;  15J.  per  half 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  4,/.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II.  per  bushel. 

SPHAG.'MUM  MOSS,  8j.  M.  per  sack- 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F  R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  lyA,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE,  newly 
made.  Tiuckload  (2  tons)  £,\  :  40  bags,  251.  Free  on 
rail.  Cash  with  order.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Fibre  Mer- 
chants, 1^3,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Succei 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES.  i| 


Two  Pr 


Me 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5J.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22r.  6rf. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   41.  6rf.       „       s  sacks  for  aoj. 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid    si.  6(/.       „       5  sacks  for  25J. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "J 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  (11.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     i        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „        ..J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6<l.  per  bush.,  us.half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  miported         ..     SJ.  lb.    28  lb.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Spe'cialit^    id.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     SJ.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack. 

CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 
all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vegetables.&c.  Tins,  is.  id. 
Bags— 7  lb.,  3s.;  I4tb.,  5S.:  281b..  8s.;  561b.,  14s.:  icwt.,22S. 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only -141b,  31.;  281b., 5s.  W.; 
56  lb  ,  los.  6<^. ;  icwt.  ,171.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  M. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBEE  REFUSE  (by  Chubl/s  special  process), 
sacks,  \s.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13;. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  : 
30  sacks,  25s;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MIL  WALL    LONDON,   E. 

E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE.. 


(September  25,  1886. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  compiising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERY.WEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

AFRICAN     TUBEROSES, 

SPLENDID    SAMPLE. 


HURST    &    SON 

Having  just  received  a  large  consignment, 
which  must  bs  sold,  are  able  to  offer  them  extra- 
ordinarily cheap  ;  also  LILIUM  HARRISSI 
(the  true  Uevmuda  Lily),  extra  fine  bulbs. 


Prices  on  application  to 
152,    HOUNDSDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 

FERNSTSPECIUTY. 

Aa  IMMENSE  STOCK    la  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CM'^LOOUK,  cnmiining  ■'  Him,,  uu  F=n. 

Cultivaiioo,"  I.. 
fM  ILLER  CA  CALOCUE.  o'ovnr  nw-o-.-ies  an-)  "ari.ties, 

inr.lulin.!     l).=,c  ip-lve      ••l.[S|-     ui-    Nkv.      R,«k        .•4'. 

Choicb  Fern^."  a.id  ■•  IUbi.vNukih  ^MliRlc^N  F.rns," 


VV.   &   J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

PERN  WaRSERY.  SALF,  MANCHESTER. 

AFRrCAfrjUBEROSES, 

WM.   RISLEY,   Mariizburg,  Natal. 

The  Trade  and  Growers  are  hereby  informed  that 
Mr.  RiSLEY's  Crop  is  now  landed.  The  Bulbs  are  in 
splendid  condition,  large  and  healthy,  and  altogether 
such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the  market. 
Quotations  very  low.  Cases  free.  Terms,  net  cash. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 

WM.    G.    MAC    GREGOR, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.C. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FBUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Sumps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

wiih  Illustralions  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
Sft^  Gardeners  C/ironicle  ot  Sept  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  tibrousroot?.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

AFBICAN    TUBEROSES. 

PEARL    TUBEROSES,  Natal  giown. 

EVERLASTING    FLOWERS. 

ED  WARDS  Sr'  BELL,  Maritzburg. 

Our  Bulbs  have  all  been  raised  from  Picked 
Seed,  and  are  "  second  to  none  "  in  the  market. 
Particularly  fine  and  well  selected. 


FOR     PRICES     AND     TERMS,     APPLY    TO 

PERCY   J.   POOL  &   CO., 

4,  BISHOPSGATE  STREET  WITHIN,  E.C. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  4?.  per  loo.  Plarts  in  small  pota,  i6f.  per  ico  ; 
ditto  in  larse  pots,  25^.  per  rco.     Descriptive  LIST  Iree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  add  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS. 

WHY  SEND  to  HOLLAND 
for  BULBS,  when  better  quality  can  be  obtained 
in  England  at  less  prices?  Note  the  contents  and  compare 
Cartel's  B^x,  as  follows,  with  others. 


pARTER'S  BOX  of  looo  BULBS 
^^  for  a  Guinea 

Sent,  racking  and  carriage  free,  to  any  railway  statif  n  in 
Enghndand  Wales  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order 
for  aoj.,  comprises  the  follo«ing  bulbs  ot  choice  quality  :  — 
II  named  Hyacinths  i   50  mixed  Spani-h  Iris 

24  mixed      Hyacinths,      in  1   50  Pheasant'^-f  yiNarcissus 
three  colours  j    50  B  florus  Narciss 

■nted  Jonquils         50  i->a(fodils 


50  mixe.l  Doub'e  Tulips 
so  mixed  Single  Tulips 
loo  Snowdrops  (Urge) 
50  mixed  Single  Anemone 
50  Persian  Ranunculus 


Plu 

50  Wtiiie  Crocus 
103  Yellow  Crocus 
=  s  T.  ileeliaunifl.il 
{o  Winter  Acotitt 


o  St.ir  of  Belhlehem 
ic.il.,  sibiticj,  U.ie  ;,  Colchicums 

Half    the    Box,    lis.,   c  rrlaga  free; 
One  Quarter,  73  ,  carriage  free. 


For  full  particulnis  o'  other  Boxes,  ranging  from 
68.  upwards,  se^ 

Carters'  Illustrated  Calalosiie  of  Bulbs, 

GR.iTlS    AND    rO.sr-FKEE. 


)  ^ M  H  M.  the  Queen, 

CXyt^-CJt-lCt     ""^^  ^^^  Royal  Highness 


the  PrlQCa  of  Wales, 


High  Holborn.  London,  W.C. 


Pa;ZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

WEB VS  PRIZE  "cob " f'l'bER f'TMEES, 
Kentish    Cob    and    otnpr    Nut    Tre^s, 

should  senrl  ibeir  f)rders  as  ea  ly  a-  convenient  10 

Mr.    COOPER,   ERHS,    Caloot   Gardens.    Readin? 

o^  whom  alone  the  various  silts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and    PAMPHLETS     on    application. 


®11)  (Sslablielitb.JJ^J^JiJ^"^ 


SUPERB    QUALITV. 

Ihc  jpirk  of  Dollanb. 


Prices  very  moderate. 

ifrec  Deltverfes 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 


ydiablc  altoapg.  Address  in  full— 

P.^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS, 
^be  (Siueen's  See&smen, 

GHBSTEF^.    


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
(11  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
bd.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  u. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Higbgate  Nurseries,  N. 


EABLT  FOBCING  AND  OTHER 
FLOWEBINQ 

BULBS 

of  finest  quality,  in  endless  variety, 
at  moilerate  prices. 

Catalogues  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 

LITTLE     &     BALLANTYNE, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

CARLISLE. 


VEITCH'S    BULBS 

For  Present  Planting. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W, 

VEITCH'S 

HYACINTHS    FOR    BEDDING, 

In  distinct  and  decided  shades  of  colour, 

Specially  selected  varieties  to  flower  at  the  same  time, 
producing  large  trusses  of  bloom. 


DARK  BLUE  . 
BRIGHT  BLUE 
LIGHT  BLUE 
LILAC     .. 
CRIMSON 
BRIGHT  RED 
PINK      ,. 
ROSE 

PURE  WHITE 
WHITE,  tinged  ro 


15/-  per  1  _ 

15/-  per  100,  ?/-  per  dozen. 
21/-  per  ICO,  3/-  per  dozen. 
18/-  per  100,  s,'6  per  dozen, 
ar/-  per  100,  2/9  per  dozen. 
2r/-  per  roo,  3/9  per  dozen. 
sr/-  per  no,  3/-  per  dozen. 
23/6  per  100,  3/-  per  dozen. 
^7/6  per  roo,  3/g  per  dozen. 
25/-  per  100   3/6  per  dozen. 


VEITCH'S    MIXED    HYACINTHS. 


RED,  all  shades 
WHME,  allsha( 
BLUE,  all  shade 
MIXED,  all  cjlc 


15/- per  ICO  3/- per  do-en. 
22/6  per  ICO,  3/-  per  dozen. 
12/0  per  100,  1/9  per  dozen. 
13/^  per  100,  2/-  per  dozen. 


VEITCH'S     MIXED     TULIPS. 


VEITCH'S    DUTCH    CROCUS. 


URGE  GOl  DE.V  YELLOW  n/iper  i 
LAKGK    hLUK  ..  .,      ij,-6peri 

LAKGK  SIklPED    ..         .,     13/iperi 
l.»KiE  WHITE  ..     i4/>P  r  . 

MIXb.Ii,  allclrurs      ..  ..      12/    ver  1 


tSr   For  fthei-  Bult, 
CATAL  iGUE,      Jcruard.d 
ii/-/>licatton. 


ria 


ROYAL      EXOTIC     NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


DAHLIAS 

IN  FULL  BLOOM. 


TK^Y  LARGE  COLLECTION 

of  these  are  now  at  their 
best,  and  would  well  repay  a  visit 
from  any  of  the  Trade  interested 
in  them. 

Frequent  Trains  from  Liverpool 
Street  to  Tottenham,  Hale,  or  Seven 
Sisters  Stations. 


THOMAS    S.   WARE, 

Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


September  25,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


389 


WEBBS' 


FREE  BY  POST 
OR  RAIL.       I 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 


Webbs'  Collection  A 

conta 

ns     461  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  B 

conta 

ns     262  Bulbs  . . 

Webbs'  Collection  C 

conta 

ns     307  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  D 

conta 

ns     134  Bulbs  . . 

Webbs'  Collection  E 

ns      96  Bulbs  . . 

Webbs'  Collection  F 

conta 

ns      60  Bulbs  .. 

For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES 

Webbs'  Collection  G 

conta 

ns  I03t  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  H 

conta 

ns    647  Bulbs  . . 

Webbs'  Collection  1 

ns    457  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  J 

conta 

ns     ass  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  K 

ns     163  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  L 

conta 

ns     TS7  Bulbs  .. 

FOR  OUTDOOR  CULTIVAT 

Webbs'  Collection  M 

c^nta 

ns  =87;  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  N 

coma 

ns  1884  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  O 

conta 

ns  i2'!o  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  P 

coota 

ns     680  Bulbs  . . 

Webbs'  Collection  Q 

conta 

ns     ^7^  Bulbs  . . 

Webbs'  Collection  k 

conta 

ns     315  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  S 

conta 

ns     203  Bulbs  .. 

Webbs'  Collection  T 

conta 

ns    114  Bulbs  .. 

5  per  cen 

t.   D 

scount  for  Cash, 

,&c. 


WEBBS' 
BULB  CATALOGUE, 


Seeilsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  tbe  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY.8T0URBRID6E. 


MRS.    SINKIN,    Grand    White    Perpetual- 
fljwering    Hybn-l    CLOVE    PINK.      Strong    plants 
li.  9<^.  per  dozen,  loj.  per  too.  free.     Cash  with  order  to 
B.  LADHAMS,  55  and  67,  High  Street,  Shirley,  Sjuthampton. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS    OF 

CHOICE  FLORISTS'  FLOWERS, 


CARNATIONS  and   PICOTEES,   from 
stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent. 

of  fine  double  blooms 1    6     ..  to    6 

CINERARIAS,  from  a  grand  strain         ..  I     6     ..    10     6 

CANTERBURY  BELLS,  superb  strain.,  i    o     ..     5    6 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM     ALBUM, 

pure  white,  fine  young  plants  . .          ..  4     6     .,30    o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed        ..  4    o     ..  25    o 
BROMPTON    STOCK,    giant     scarlet 

double        10..      56 

PRIMULA,  Daniels' choicest  white,  fine  16     ..  10    6 

,,     Daniels' choicest  red   ..          ..          ..  16     ..    10     6 

,,     Daniels' choicest  mixed,  many  beau- 

lilul  varieties 16     ..  10    6 

PANSY,    Emperor  William,    deep   ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine       ..          ..      ..  10..     76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice  i     o     ..     7     6 
PRIMROSES,  splendid  strain  of  brilliantly 

coloured  varieties                       ..          ..  1     6     ..    10     6 

SWEET  WILLIAM,  very  choice           ..  i    o     ..     s    6 

WALLFLOWER,  bloodred,  fine           ..  i    o     ..     5    6 

„    Golden  Tom  Thumb 10..     56 

„     Double  German,  fine  mixed  . .         ..  j    o     ..     6    6 

Carriage  Free  on  re<;eipt  of  Post-office  Order. 
DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.-Ourbeautilullyillustrated 
Catalogue  of  Tulips.  Hyacinths,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  &c ,  is  now 
ready,  and  may  be  had  free  by  all  customers  on  application. 

DANIELS  BR03.,  Royal  Nortolk  Seed  Establish- 
ment and  Town  Close  Nuraerlss,  Horwlob. 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 
NURSERY      STOCK:— 

ABIES  CANADENSIS.  4  to  8  feet. 

„     DOUGLASII,  3  to  6  feet. 

„    DOUGLASII  GLAUCA.  3  to  5  feet. 

.,     HOOKERIANA  or  PATTONIANA,  3  to  5  feet. 

,,     ORIENTALIS,  4,  5,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

..    PARRYANA  GLAUCA.  i>/  to  3  feet,   hundreds.    All 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet,      [from  seed. 

„     DEODARA,  6  to  9  leet. 

.,     LI  BAN  I  (Cedar  ot  Lebanon),  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA    ERECTA  VIRIDIS.  3,  4. 

„    LUTEA,  3,  4,  and  5  feet,  hundreds.  [5  to  8  leet. 

JUNIPER,  Chinese,  5,  8,  to  13  feet. 

„     Chinese,  Golden,  3  to  8  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  2  to  s  feet. 

„    GRANDIS.  5t0  7  feet. 

„    LASIOCARPA.  3  to  5  feet. 

„    MAGNIFICA,  2  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„    NORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  7,  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

.,    PINSAPO,  6  to  10  feel. 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA.  3  to  3!,  and  4  feet,  well  furnished  and 
transplanted  October,  1885.  thousands. 

..    CEM  BRA,  3,  6  to  8  feet 
RETINDSPORA  OBTUSA  AUREA,  3  to  6  feet. 

„    PISIFERA  AUREA  (true),  3  to  6  leet. 

..    PLUMOSA  AUREA.  stos'feeu 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet. 

„    DOLABRATA,  3,4.  and6feet. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  4  to  5  feet 

„    OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3  to  6  feet. 

..    SEMPER  AUREA.  ^Vz  to  3  leet. 
YEWS,  Common,  3.  4.  and  5  leet,  thousands. 

,,     Common,  6  to  10  feet. 

„     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  to  feet. 

We  ha\e  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  and  Sun- 
dards.  in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled. 

„     Golden.  Seedlings,  3,  4    s.  to  S  leeL 

,,    Irish,  s  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

..     Irish.  Golden.  Seedlings.  3.  4  and  5  feet. 
AZALEAS,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3.  4,  and  s 
leet.  thousaodi. 


13'  The  fine  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons 
annually  planted   in   Rotten   Row,    Hyde  Park,  are 
suoplied  by  Anthonv  Watbrsr. 
AUCUB\  JAPONICA,  2;i  to  4  feet. 

BAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps.  5  tJ  8  feet  high,  trans- 
planted spring,  1S86,  hundreds. 
BOX,  Green  and  Variegated,  3,  4,  5,  6  to  7  feet,  thousands. 
HOLLIES.  Common  Green.  3,  4,  s  up  to  to  feet. 
.,    ALTACL^RENSE.l 
„     HODGINS', 

„    LAURIKOLIA,         \  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feet. 

„    MYKIIFOLIA, 

„  scoTTicA.         ; 

„     Yellow-berried  and  other  sorf. 

„     Variegated,  ol  sorts.  3,4,  5  up  to  10  feet. 

,,  Golden  Queen,  3.  4,  5,  6,  7  to  to  feet,  hundreds  of  beau- 
tiful specimens. 

,,    Silver  Queen,  4  to  to  feet,  splendid  specimens. 

„  Weeping,  Perry's,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  ten  to 
fiflcin  years'  growth. 

,,    Weeping,  New  Golden,  a  large  quantity  of  beautiful  plants. 

The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  stems,  fine  heads,  and 
splendid  roots,  and  have  all  been  transplanted  within  two  years  :  — 
ACACIA  HESSONIANA.  6  to  12  feet. 

,     SEMPERFLORENS,  i2to  ufeet. 
ACER  DASYCARPUM,  t2  to  16  leet. 
,      „    WIERII   LACINIATA.  lofeet. 

NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA,  Standards,  8  to  10  feet. 
,     LEOPOLDII.  iito  14  feet. 

REITENBACHII,  8  to  10  feet. 
„    SCHWEDLERII.  12  toi6feet 
„    WORLEYII,  Standards,  12  to  14  feet. 
ASH,  Mountain.  10  to  14  leet. 
BEECH,  Common.  10  to  12  feet. 

,     Purple,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  9  to  16  feet. 
BIRCH,  Purple.  14  to  15  feet. 


Silv. 


I  feet. 


6  feet 
1  feet. 


CHESTNUT,  H 

„     „     Double  While.  10  to 

,.    .,    Scarlet.  12  to  16  feet. 

,.    Spanish,  12  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  10  to  12  feet. 

,.     Guernsey,  12  feet. 
LIMES.  10  to  16  feet. 

,r  EUCHLORA  or  DASYSTILA,  10  feet. 

..     Silver-leaved,  10  to  14  teet. 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6  to  8  fei 
MAPLF,  N[r*ay,  1410  if  ' 
OAK,  English.  10  tj  12  fee 

„  Scarlet  American.  12 
PLANES,  Enghshgr.wn, 
POPLAR  BOLLEANA,  1 

,.     CANADENSIS  NOVA  (the  true  variety),  la  to  16  fett. 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  14  to  16  feet. 

.,  Purple,  14  to  16  feet. 
THORNS,  Double  Scarlet.  8  to  ro  feet. 

„     „     White.  8  to  10  feet. 

..     Single  White.  8  to  10  feet. 
WALNUTS,  Common.  10  to  12  feet. 


16  feet. 


16  feet. 


WEEPING  TREES. 
BEECH.  Weeping.  Pyramids  and  Standards.  8  to  ij  feet. 

,,     ..     Purple,  Pyramids  and  Stadards,  7  to  12  feet. 
BIRCH,  Youngs  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  8  to  14  ft. 
ELMS.  Weeping.  Pyramids  and  Standards.  7  to  14  feet. 
LARCH.  Weeping  Pyramids.  6  to  to  feet. 
OAK,  Weeping  English,  Standards,  10  to  t2  feet. 
POPLAR,  Weep-ne.  Pyramids  and  Sundards,  ro  to  12  feet. 
SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  8  to  9  feet. 

IVaddeidon  Manor,  Baron  F.  DE  Rothschild's,  and 
Eyiltrofe,  Miss  Alice  ce  Rothschild's -together  the  most 
extensive,  successful,  and  best  planted  places  in  the  history  of 
England — were  supplied  principally  from  the  Knap  Hill  Nursery. 

Intending  planters  are  invited  to  inspect  the  Plants  grow- 
ing- ;  no  one  interested  in  suck  matters  luill  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  0/ sitch  a  stock. 

A   DESCRIPTIVE    CATAUOQUE 

will  be  sent  on  application. 


SATURDAY,    SEPTEMBER    25,    1886. 


J    Kpap  Hill  Nursery,  Woking,  Surrey. 


DOWNSHIRE     HOUSE. 

THIS  is  one  of  those  old-fashioned  places 
that  are  to  be  met  with  round  Lor.don, 
where  there  has  been  little  attempt  at  m  jdern- 
ising  the  grounds,  a  process  which,  unless 
carried  out  with  judgment,  generally  results  in 
an  incongruous  association  of  old  and  new 
ideas,  the  latter  of  which  often  go  far  to  destroy 
the  character  of  the  place  without  introducing 
anything  that  can  be  set  down  as  a  compensa- 
tion (or  the  loss. 

The  estate,  which  is  situate  in  the  still  rural 
district  of  Roehampton,  at  one  time  belonged  to 
the  Marchioness  of  Downshire,  but  has  been  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Chapman  for  more  than 
forty  years.  The  garden  front  of  the  house  over- 
looks a  park-like  scene,  with  undulating  sward, 
fine  sweeps  of  lawn,  noble  trees,  and  suggestive 
distance,  conveying  a  delicious  sense  of  quiet 
beauty  and  repose,  almost  the  only  sign  of 
human  pre.^ence  visible  being  the  distant  spire 
of  a  church  at  Richmond. 

Scattered  about  the  lawn  are  a  number  of  old 
trees,  including  Sweet  Chestnuts,  Oak,  Elm, 
Beech,  Larch,  Turkey  Oak,  Lebanon  Cedar,  and 
Mulberry.  Evergreens,  consisting  of  most  of 
the  ordinary  kinds,  thrive  luxuriantly.  Hollies 
and  Rhododendrons  especially  :  of  the  former, 
standing  out  on  the  lawn,  there  is  one  of  the 
most  perfect  specimens  we  have  met  with  of 
Waterer's  golden  variety — it  forms  a  pyramid 
10  feet  high,  and  15  feet  through  at  the  base, 
its  lower  branches  lying  flat  on  the  turf.  Although 
so  dense  that  a  sparrow  could  scarcely  find  its 
way  between  the  leaves,  there  is  a  pleasing 
irregularity  in  the  surface,  which  has  not  been 
subjected  to  the  terrible  trimming  process  which 
specimen  evergreens  sometimes  undergo. 

Southwards  from  the  lawn  the  ground  slopes 
quickly  :  here  is  a  flower  garden  arranged  in 
the  usual  geometrical  style.  This  flower  gar- 
den is  one  of  many,  full  to  overflow  with  gay 
flowers,  and  bordered  by  low  banks  of  Clematis 
and  Roses.  The  planting  is  nicely  done,  the 
colours  are  bright  and  effective.  A  couple  of 
beds  filled  with  seedling  tuberous  Begonias  of 
various  colours,  with  an  edging  of  Alternan- 
theras  and  Echeverias,  had  a  pretty  effect. 
There  is  here  a  good  specimen  of  the  Maiden- 
hair tree,  Salisburia  adiantifolia.  The  site  for 
this  flower  garden  has  been  well  chosen,  as  it 
is  sufficiently  below  the  level  of  the  lawn  for  the 
blaze  of  colour  not  to  intrude  between  the  eye 
and  the  view  of  the  surrounding  country  ;  this, 
though  highly  objectionable,  particularly  in  an 
old-fasnioned  place,  often  appears  not  to  be 
sufficiently  understood.  About  10,000  plants 
are  used  for  bedding,  all  ol  which  are  grown 
on  the  premises.  The  grounds  extend  con- 
siderably southwards,  ending  in  a  dell,  which 
is  nicely  laid  out  with  evergreen  and  deciduous 
shrubs  and  trees.  Amongst  the  latter  is  an  example 
of  Saiix  babylonica,  with  its  trunk  clothed  with 
Ivy.  In  this  direction  also  the  Rhododendrons 
areaprominent  feature,  thrivingluxuriantly.large 
clumps  of  them  growing  to  a  height  of  10  or 
I  ?  feet.    A  few  be4s  here  are  filled  with  tropical 


390 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLH. 


[Seitember  25,  1886. 


plants  that  are  appropriate  to  the  situation, 
which  affords  them  the  requisite  shelter  from 
strong  winds.  In  the  centre  of  this  cool  spot 
there  is  a  small  basin  planted  with  water  Lilies, 
and  in  whose  glassy  surface  the  surrounding 
trees,  a  bright  clump  of  Phloxes,  and  the 
cheerful  foliage  of  the  variegated  Negundo,  are 
mirrored.  An  arbour,  from  which  in  hot 
weather  can  be  enjoyed  the  refreshing  sound  of 
the  trickling  water  as  it  escapes  from  a  minia- 
ture pond,  recently  made,  completes  the  arrange- 
ment of  this  sheltered  nook.  From  this  a 
return  walk,  overhung  in  places  by  tall  trees, 
bounded  by  dense  banks  of  evergreen  shrubs, 
leads  back  to  the  higher  ground  in  the  direction 
of  the  house.  Here  is  a  temple  brought  from 
Athens  by  Lord  Duncannon.  It  is  exquisitely 
proportioned,  and  from  it  a  nice  view  over 
the  undulating  country  toward  Coombe  Wood 
is  obtained. 

The  kilchen  garden,  which  is  situated  on  the 
southern  side  of  the  flower  garden,  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  lies  well  to  the  sun.  Across  the  northern 
end  is  a  straight  walk,  with  a  mixed  border  tight  and 
left,  filled  with  standard  and  bush  Roses,  Hollyhocks, 
kept  in  the  ground  all  the  winter  ;  Delphiniums  and 
Phloxes  at  the  back,  with  low-growing  herbaceous 
plants  in  front,  mixed  with  annuals  and  summer  bed- 
ders,  someor  other ofwhichkeeponbloomingfrom  early 
spring  to  autumn,  and  furnish  a  wonderful  variety  and 
profusion  of  bloom.  The  wall  running  parallel  with 
this  walk  is  covered  with  Peaches  and  Nectarines, 
mostly  young  trees  in  excellent  bearing  condition  ;  in 
fact,  if  there  is  fault  to  be  found  with  them,  it  is  the 
enormous  crops  they  are  allowed  to  carry,  and  which 
nothing  but  the  attention  that  is  given  in  supplying 
them  with  an  abundance  of  water  at  the  roots  and 
overhead,  and  keeping  them  free  from  insects,  admits 
of  their  bringing  to  maturity.  A  sewage-tank  contri- 
butes its  share  to  the  nutriment  of  the  trees.  The 
sorts  consist  of  Early  Alfred,  Early  Louise,  Early 
Rivers,  Stirling  Castle,  Bellegarde,  Royal  George, 
Alexandra  Noblesse,  Grosse  Mignonne,  and  Diamond 
Peaches ;  Pine-apple  and  Lord  Napier  Nectarines.  All 
the  trees  were  bearing  an  immense  crop  of  splendidly 
coloured  fruit,  that,  in  addition,  had  a  brightness  about 
it  that  is  peculiar  to  fruit  that  is  cultivated  under  glass, 
and  not  usually  met  with  in  that  which  is  grown  on 
open  walls.  Ttie  other  aspects  of  walls  are  occupied  by 
Pears  and  Plums  ;  of  the  latter  a  beautiful  crop  was 
ripe,  including  such  varieties  as  Coe's  Golden  Drop, 
Kirke's,  and  others.  Standard  trees  were  also  bearing 
well.  Apples,  though  many  are  on  the  Paradise,  as 
elsewhere,  were  mostly  thin.  Of  Pears  some  sorts  were 
a  fair  crop,  others  thin.  Culinary  vegetables  in  their 
several  kinds  are  very  well  managed,  both  as  regards 
the  winter  crops  and  the  summer.  There  is  another 
kitchen  garden,  of  about  2  acres,  at  a  short  distance 
away,  where  bush  and  other  fruits  are  grown. 

In  the  glass  department,  devoted  to  fruit  culture 
there  are  two  Peach-houses,  each  about  40  feet  long  ; 
in  the  earliest  house  the  crop  had  been  cleared  some 
time.  A  large  tree  of  Noblesse  Peach  planted 
thirty-eight  years,  and  which  shows  signs  of  dying  off, 
is  being  replaced  by  one  of  Mr.  Rivers'  seedlings — 
Condor,  a  large  bright  coloured  variety,  not  much 
known,  but  which  is  recommended  as  a  good  early 
forcer,  but  which  requires  setting.  The  second  house 
is  timed  to  come  in  so  as  to  get  the  f^uit  cleared  when 
Peaches  from  the  open  walls  come  in  ;  the  crop  was 
about  over.  Lord  Napier  is  considered  the  best 
Nectarine.  The  best  Plums  are  Rivers'  Early  Pro- 
lific, Jefferson's,  and  Coe's  Golden  Drop.  The  trees 
in  both  houses  are  full  of  good  healthy  wood,  the 
foliage  clean  and  in  .1  condition  that  promises  well 
for  another  season.  Two  lean-to  houses  are  occupied 
by  Vines  that  bear  plenty  of  fruit,  but  from  the 
houses  being  filled  all  the  year  round  with  Ferns  and 
other  water-loving  plants  the  Grapes  do  not  colour 
well.  Amongst  other  things  a  nice  lot  of  seedling 
Gloxinias  were  in  flower  in  one  of  these  vineries. 

In  the  plant  stove  there  are  some  large  examples  of 
Eucharis  amazonica,  vigorous  and  blooming  well, 
being  free  from  the  destructive  little  mite  that  has 
wrought  such  havoc  in  many  places  with  this  fine 
flowering  plant,  In  large  growing  fine-leaved  sub- 
jects are  good  specimens  of  Aothurium  Warocque- 
anum  and  A.  crystallinum,  but  the  greater  portion  of 
the  occupants  of  the  house  are  small  stock  suitable 
for  room  and  table  decoration.     These  include  some 


of  the  smaller  growing  Palms,  Crotons,  Dracaenas, 
Pandanus  Veitchii,  and  others  of  like  character  which 
are  collectively  remarkably  well  grown,  and  bright 
in  colour.  In  the  Cucumber-house  adjoining  was  a 
nice  lot  of  Euphorbia  jacquinisflora,  strong  and  in 
good  condition.  This,  which  is  amongst  the  brightest 
of  bright  blooming  winter  plants,  seems  not  to  be 
now  so  much  grown  as  it  used  to  be  ;  many  fail  with 
it  through  giving  too  much  pot-room  and  over- 
watering  it  when  little  growth  is  going  on,  both  of 
which  the  plant  has  a  dislike  to. 

A  lofty  lean-to  conservatory,  with  an  iron  roof,  was 
gay  with  Lilium  auratum,  tuberous  Begonias,  Achi- 
menes,  the  early  white-flowered  Chrysanthemum 
Madame  Desgrange,  and  Petunias,  intermixed  with 
Palms,  Ferns,  Coleus,  and  other  foliage  plants.  With 
them  was  a  good  pair  of  specimens  of  Rhynchosper- 
mum  jasminoides  grown  in  pots.  Against  the  back 
wall,  planted  out,  are  some  large  examples  of  Plum- 
bago capensis.  Heliotrope,  &c. 

The  pits  and  frames  are  occupied  by  a  healthy  stock 
of  Primulas,  Cinerarias,  and  Calceolarias,  which  are 
very  well  done,  as  also  Poinsettias  and  Bouvardias, 
the  last  named  planted  out  in  a  pit,  where  they  are 
allowed  to  flower,  heat  as  required  being  turned  on. 
Out-of-doors  were  stood  a  number  of  Camellias  that 
occupy  the  conservatory  in  winter.  With  them  also 
were  a  quantity  of  Azaleas,  varying  in  size  from  large 
bushes  to  the  pretty  little  standards,  which  the  Belgian 
growers  cultivate  in  such  numbers ;  they  were  in 
beautiful  condition,  full  of  free  growth,  and  profusely 
set  with  bloom-buds — their  leaves  as  free  from  any 
trace  of  thrips  or  red-spider  as  if  these  pests  were 
non-existent. 

Chrysanthemums,  of  which  some  450  are  grown, 
and  of  which  Mr.  Sullivan,  the  gardener,  is  a  suc- 
cessful exhibitor,  were  in  fine  order.  The  cultivation 
is  direcled  to  the  production  of  large,  fully  developed 
flowers  :  no  trained  specimens  are  grown  ;  each  plant 
is  confined  to  a  single  stem,  which  is  stopped  once 
and  allowed  to  form  three  branches,  the  buds  on  each 
of  which  are  thinned  to  a  single  flower.  The  stems 
were  as  ripe,  and  almost  as  hard  in  the  wood 
as  a  walking-stick,  though  carrying  their  leaves  fresh 
and  green  to  the  bottom — a  condition  that  promises 
well  for  the  production  of  fine  blooms.  Notwith- 
standing the  somewhat  formal  character  of  the  flowers 
of  many  of  the  varieties  of  Chrysanthemum,  and  the 
sameness  which  an  assemblage  of  them  presents,  there 
is  nothing  in  the  way  of  late  autumn  flowering  plants 
that  give  such  a  bright,  cheerful  looking  mass  of 
colour  as  this  at  a  time  when  there  are  comparatively 
few  things  to  choose  from.  The  garden  and  grounds 
collectively  are  well  kept,  clean,  and  justify  the  confi- 
dence and  satisfaction  which  the  owner  feels  with 
regard  to  his  gardener. 


ALOCASIA  GRANDIS,  N.  E.  Brown,  n.  sp. 
This  is  a  very  fine  species,  quite  as  ornamental  as 
A.  Thibautii,  and  more  striking  as  to  its  inflorescence, 
the  contrast  between  the  blackish  petioles  and  the 
large,  handsome,  white  spalhes  being  very  effective. 
It  has  been  recently  introduced  by  Mr.  W.  Bull  from 
one  of  the  East  Indian  islands. 

The  whole  plant  is  entirely  glabrous.  The  petioles 
are  3 — 3I  feet  long,  proportionately  stout,  terete,  and 
of  a  very  dark  blackish-green,  or  blackish-purple 
colour ;  as  seen  at  a  little  distance  they  appear  dis- 
tinctly blackish,  shining.  The  blade  of  the  leaf  is 
20 — 24  inches  long  by  about  a  loot  broad,  ovate- 
sagittate  in  outline,  shortly  cuspidate-acute  at  the 
apex  ;  the  basal  lobes  are  about  6  inches  long,  broadly 
rhomboid  ovate,  very  obtuse,  and  more  or  less  over- 
lapping, including  a  narrow  acute  sinus  between 
them  ;  the  margin  is  slightly  sinuate  and  undu- 
late ;  the  upper  surface  is  of  a  uniform  bright  dark 
green,  the  under  surface  is  blackish-green  with 
purple  midrib  and  nerves,  which  are  slightly  pro- 
minent and  slightly  convex  above,  very  prominent 
and  rounded  beneath  ;  the  front  lobe  has  about  six 
distant,  nearly  straight,  very  spreading  primary  nerves 
on  each  side  of  the  midrib  ;  and  each  of  the  basal 
lobes  have  2 — 3  stout  nerves  arising  from  the  upper 
edge,  and  three  finer  nerves  arising  from  the 
lower  edge  of  the  postical  branch  of  the  mid- 
rib, which  is  only  very  shortly  denuded  in  the 
sinus.  The  scape  is  terete,  about  10  inches  long, 
and  four  lines  thick,  ol  a  light  reddish-purple  below, 


becoming,  just  beneath  the  tube,  of  a  dusky  purplish- 
grey,  or  dark  slate  colour.  The  tube  of  the  spathe 
is  1}  inch  long,  %  inch  thick,  ellipsoidal,  green, 
mottled  and  suffused  with  red-brown.  The  limb  ol 
the  spathe  is  5  inches  long,  by  2  inches  broad, 
oblong  obtuse,  with  a  short  convolute  apiculus,  con- 
cave, with  revolute  margins ;  the  inner  surface  is 
transversely  rugulose,  white,  more  or  less  suffused 
with  a  very  pale  carmine  wash,  giving  it  a  fainl 
pinkish  tinge  ;  outside  it  is  shining  white,  densely 
covered  with  pale  carmine  lines.  The  spadix  is  as 
long  as  the  spathe  ;  tbe  female  part  is  cylindric 
i  inch  long,  with  densely  crowded,  somewhat  com- 
pressed-globose, light  yellowish-green  ovaries,  with 
white  stigmas  and  containing  about  five  or  six  erect 
basal  ovules  ;  the  neuter  or  staminoidal  part  is  about 
\  inch  long,  cream-coloured  or  pale  ochreous  ;  the 
male  part  is  |  inch  long,  white  ;  and  the  appendix 
is  4— 4j  inches  long,  stout,  cylindric,  acute,  pale 
ochreous.  N.  E.  Brown,  Herbarium,  Kew. 

Zingiber  brevifolium,  N.  E.  Brown,  n.  sp. 

This  is  a  dwarf  Ginger,  whose  chief  merit  resides 
ia  the  colour  of  the  bracts  of  the  flower-spike.  It 
has  been  introduced  from  the  Philippines  by  Mr,  W. 
Bull,  of  Chelsea. 

The  plant  is  entirely  glabrous  and  about  a  foot 
high.  Stem  destitute  of  leaves  below,  but  with  three 
to  (our  obtuse,  dull  reddish  sheaths  on  the  basal  part, 
leafy  above  the  middle.  Leaves  few,  three  to  five  (or 
perhaps  more  in  strong  plants),  with  green  stem, 
clasping  or  free  sheaths,  and  sessile,  oblong-lanceolate, 
or  elliptic,  acute  blades  2^—4  inches  long,  ij— ij  inch 
broad,  base  rounded,  sometimes  subacute,  upper 
surface  dark  green,  under  surface  greyish-green, 
Fiower-spike  sessile,  terminal,  fusiform,  2^—3  inches 
long,  7 — S  lines  broad.  Bracts  adpressed,  oblong, 
retuse,  with  a  small  lanceolate  rudimentary  blade 
arising  from  the  notch,  or  the  upper  ones  simply 
acute,  orange-yellow  striped  with  red,  two-flowered  ; 
inner  bracts  oblong- lanceolate,  acute,  three  quarters  of 
an  inch  long,  3 — 4  lines  broad,  membranous.  Calyx 
membranous,  spathaceous,  three-quarters  to  I  inch 
long.  Flowers  yellow,  corolla  tube  \\  inch  long, 
exserted,  slender,  curved  above ;  petals  linear-lan- 
ceolate acuminate,  8—9  lines  long,  the  two  lower 
ones  connate  to  nearly  half  way  up  ;  lip  7 — ^  lines 
long,  3-lobed  ;  lateral  lobes  falcate-oblong,  obtuse  ; 
middle  lobe  lanceolate  acute,  twice  as  long  as  the 
lateral  lobes.  Anther  with  a  curved  beak  4  lines 
long. — A  native  of  the  Philippine  Islands.  N.  E. 
Brown,  Hcrbariitin,  Kiw, 


RENOVATING     IMPOVERISHED 
CONIFERS. 

Notwithstanding  how  greatly  large  specimen 
Conifers  are  prized  by  their  owners,  as  well  as  by 
those  in  charge  o(  the  grounds  in  which  they  are 
planted,  it  is  quite  surprising  that  steps  are  not  more 
frequently  taken  to  preserve  healthy  trees  in  a  vigorous 
growing  condition,  as  likewise  to  reinvigorate  others 
that  show  from  their  meagre  appearance  unmistake- 
able  signs  of  requiring  it. 

When  we  consider  the  case  of  specimen  coniferous 
trees  on  the  lawn  as  comparsd  with  that  of  trees 
planted  in  groups,  the  differences  are  great  indeed — 
far  greater  than  one  would  at  first  be  inclined  to  believe. 
In  the  first  instance — that  of  single  specimen  trees 
— they  are  totally  deprived  of  all  the  natural  aids  of 
enriching  the  ground  in  their  immediate  vicinity,  such 
as  are  alTorded  by  the  decay  of  their  leaves  and  fallen 
branches,  accumulations  of  bird  droppings,  &c.,  all 
being  swept  clean  away,  while  the  very  grass  which 
impoverishes  the  soil  beneath  their  shade  is  mown 
over  closely,  perhaps  two  or  three  times  each  season, 
and  carried  off  wholesale. 

Another  disadvantage  single  trees  have  to  contend 
with  arises  from  their  density  of  foliage  causing  even 
the  heaviest  showers  to  be  thrown  off  almost 
beyond  the  reach  of  their  rootlets,  thus  causing  the 
soil  beneath  their  shade  to  become  dry,  hard,  and 
almost  impenetrable,  but  more  particularly  is  this  the 
case  with  specimens  growing  in  sheltered  situations. 
On  the  other  hand  trees  planted  in  groups  have,  in  the 
majority  of  cases,  the  ground  immediately  around 
them  annually  enriched  by  the  fallen  dihris — dead 
twigs,  branches,  leaves,  and  underwood,  all  of  which 
are  allowed  to  remain  unmolested,  while  tbe  inter- 
lacing of  their  branches  enables  them  to  convey 
water  almost  direct  to  each  other's  boles. 


SEFTEMBhR  2$,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


391 


Placed  at  such  a  disadvantage  it  will  be  seen  that 
single  specimen  trees  must  eventually  suffer  from  one 
or  other,  perhaps  both,  of  the  above  causes  ;  and  as  it 
takes  many  years  (or  the  majority  of  Conifers  to 
attain  a  size  calculated  to  make  them  objects  of 
interest,  the  best  means  of  renovating  impoverished 
specimens  will  now  be  briefly  considered.  Too  fre- 
quently, perhaps,  it  happens  that  specimen  Conifers  are 
planted  in  well  prepared  holes  of  just  sufficient  size  to 
contain  the  roots,  the  soil  outside  this  confined  space 
being  hard,  and,  in  many  cases,  poor  and  clayey,  so 
that  when  the  roots  have  exhausted  their  limited  food 
supply,  and  begin  to  penetrate  the  hard  and  poorer 
outer  crust,  a  check  is  instantly  received  that  either 
induces  an  almost  total  suspension  of  growth  or  causes 
the  annual  development  to  be  of  the  poorest  and  most 
meagre  description. 

Toi'-Dressing. 
Under  such  circumstances  timely  top-dressings  or 
the  cutting  of  trenches  around  the  trees,  and  sub- 
stituting fresh  loam  for  that  taken  out  will  set 
matters  right  and  bring  about  that  fresh  healthy 
appearance  that  is  so  desirable  a  feature  in  specimen 
trees  on  the  lawn,  and  other  parts  of  the  estate. 
Where  top-dressing  is  to  be  resorted  to,  the  best  way 
is  to  remove  the  surface  turf,  and  with  a  pick  to 
gently  ease  the  top  soil  for  say  6  inches  in  depth,  and 
in  a  circle  around  the  stem  equalling  the  spread  of 
branches,  substituting  in  its  stead  a  compost  of 
decayed  vegetable  refuse,  well  rotted  manure,  and 
good  fibrous  loam  in  equal  proportions,  this  being 
raised  to  about  6  inches  above  the  general  level  of 
the  surrounding  ground,  or  in  all  about  12  inches  in 
depth,  and  laid  over  with  the  turf  previously  removed. 
In  removing  the  old  soil  great  care  is  necessary  to 
avoid  injuring  the  roots,  and  for  this  reason  we  have 
found  that  a  fork  (four-pronged)  is  preferable  to  the 
spade,  and  causes  less  damage  in  the  furtherance  of 
the  work.  A  good  watering  should  next  be  adminis- 
tered, and  the  turf  beat  firmly  down  with  the  back  of 
a  spade.  To  prevent  the  lower  branches  getting 
damaged  or  coming  in  the  way  of  the  workmen  they 
may  be  tied  up  while  work  is  going  on,  and  released 
when  finished. 

We  have  examined  the  top-dressings  given  to  coni- 
ferous trees  in  the  above  fashion  after  two  years,  and 
found  the  soil  a  complete  network  of  rootlets  even  to 
within  a  few  inches  of  the  surface,  thus  showing  the 
need  they  were  in  of  such  an  application,  and  clearly 
pointing  out  the  immense  benefit  of  supplying  the 
adequate  amount  of  food  for  maintaining  the  trees  in 
a  healthy  growing  condition. 

Trenching. 
Trenches  cut  just  outside  the  spread  of  branches 
and  filled  with  fresh  strong  loam  or  the  compost 
above  recommended  are,  we  find,  even  better  and 
more  immediate  in  effect,  as  well  as  lasting  in  their 
resources  of  food  supply  than  top-dressings,  probably 
owing  to  the  greater  depth  at  which  they  can  be 
administered,  as  well  as  larger  quantity  that  can  be 
applied  at  a  time.  Dig  the  trench  30  inches  wide 
and  2  feet  deep,  all  roots  touched  upon  being  pre- 
served as  much  as  possible,  and  carefully  relaid  in 
the  introduced  compost  with  which  the  trench  is 
completely  filled.  The  compost  used  must,  of  course, 
depend  upon  circumstances,  but  should  invariably  be 
fairly  rich  and  adapted  to  the  special  requirements 
of  the  trees  operated  upon.  With  very  marked 
success  we  have  used  leaf-mould,  road  scrapings, 
and  thoroughly  decomposed  manure  in  about 
like  quantities,  but  either  this  or  the  compost  above 
recommended  will  be  found  well  fitted  for  the 
end  in  view.  In  five  years  after  the  first  trench  is 
taken  out  dig  another  immediately  outside  it,  and  sub- 
stitute a  similar  mixture  to  that  already  described  in 
lieu  of  the  soil  taken  out.  This  may  be  thought  as 
overdoing  the  work,  but  not  so,  for  those  who  value 
their  trees  will  certainly  not  begrudge  this  little  outlay, 
particularly  after  they  have  once  experienced  the  in- 
vigorating effects  of  such  a  course  of  treatment  on  poor, 
half-starved  specimen  Conifers.  At  what  distance 
from  the  stem  the  trench  or  trenches  should  be  cut 
must,  to  a  great  extent,  depend  on  the  size  and 
species  of  trees  to  be  operated  upon.  For  close  short- 
branched  specimens,  such  as  the  Wellingtonia,  Abies 
Nordmanniana,  A.  Pindrow,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana, 
C.  torulosa,  C.  sempervirens,  Araucaria  imbricata, 
Cryptomeria  japonica,  C.  elegans,  Pinus  Cembra,  &c., 
the  trench  should  be  cut  well  outside  the  spread  of 
branches  ;  but  in  the  case  of  those  with  wide  spread- 
ing branches,  like  the  Lebanon  and  Indian  Cedars, 


Cupressus  Lambertiana,  various  species  of  Pinus,  par- 
ticularly P.  excelsa,  P.  Strobus,  and  P.  austriaca, 
Abies  Douglasii,  A.  cephalonica,  A.  Webbiana,  and 
several  others,  it  may  be  made  within  the  circle  cir- 
cumscribed by  the  branches. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  we  are  here  referring 
directly  to  trees  that  through  poorness  of  the  soil  have 
became  stunted  in  growth  and  meagre  in  appearance 
through  an  undue  loss  of  foliage,  for  there  are  many 
soils  and  situations  that  suit  these  well  and  where 
neither  top-dressings  nor  trench  cuttings  will  have  to 
be  resorted  to. 

Drainage. 

In  conjunction  with  the  application  of  rich  compost 
to  impoverished  Conifers  there  is  another  trifling 
matter  that  is  often  neglected  and  to  which  we  feel 
inclined  just  now  to  draw  attention,  that  is,  to  the 
thorough  drainage  of  pinetums,  as  likewise  in  the 
case  of  singly  planted  lawn  specimens,  and  that  par- 
ticularly where  the  surface  soil  is  largely  composed  of 
stiff  unctuous  clays.  These  surface  drains  should  be 
shallow  and  wide,  say  2  feet  deep  by  2  feet  wide 
at  top,  and  narrowed  at  bottom,  with  a  good  outlet. 
If  neatly  formed  they  need  not  mar  the  appear- 
ance of  even  well-kept  grounds,  although,  when  such 
work  is  executed  close  to  the  mansion  buildings,  it 
will  be  wise  policy,  and  to  the  forester's  own  credit, 
to  have  tiles  laid  in  the  bottom,  a  few  stones  placed 
atop,  and  the  remainder  of  the  drain  filled  up  with 
the  previously  removed  soil,  neatly  turfed  over. 

By  paying  attention  to  the  above  important  opera- 
tions, and  having  them  attended  to  in  time,  fewer, 
indeed,  would  be  the  ill-favoured,  miserable-looking 
specimens  of  Coniferous  trees  with  which  one  is 
frequently  confronted,  even  in  what  are  considered 
well-managed  pinetums.  A.  D,  Webster,  Penrhyn 
Castle,  North  Wales. 


FLORICULTURE    IN    THE 

UNITED  STATES,* 
Like  nearly  everything  else  in  this  fast  age  of  the 
world,  floriculture  has  made  an  astonishing  advance 
in  the  past  forty  years,  and  when  we  look  back  we 
wonder  why  our  operations  in  many  things  were  so 
primitive  and  crude. 

Heating, 
Forty  years  ago  I  doubt  if  on  the  whole  continent 
there  was  in  use  for  commercial  purposes  a  green- 
house having  a  fixed  roof;  at  least  I  have  no  remem- 
brance of  ever  having  seen  one  until  about  1857, 
when  the  system  was  advocated  by  Peter  B.  Mead,  in 
the  New  York  Horlkulturist.  Previous  to  that  time 
all  greenhouse  structures  for  commercial  purposes 
were  formed  of  portable  sashes,  and  nearly  all  were 
constructed  as  "lean-to's,"  with  high  back  walls,  and 
none  were  connected — all  were  separate  and  de- 
tached— placed  at  all  angles,  without  system  or  plan. 
Then  the  heating  was  nearly  all  done  by  horizontal 
smoke-flues,  although  here  and  there  some  private 
individuals,  lor  their  own  use,  made  a  crude  attempt 
to  heat  by  hot  water  as  early  as  1835  ;  but  the  first 
use  of  heating  by  hot-water  on  anything  like  a  large 
scale  was  done  in  1S39,  by  Hitchings  &  Co.,  who 
heated  a  large  conservatory  for  Mr.  William  Niblo, 
of  New  York  ;  and  from  that  time  until  nearly  twenty 
years  after  heating  by  hot-water  was  almost  exclu- 
sively confined  to  greenhouses  and  graperies  on  pri- 
vate places,  as  few  professional  gardeners  in  those 
days  could  afford  to  indulge  in  such  luxuries.  All  the 
work  had  to  be  done  by  smoke-flues,  which,  together 
with  the  greenhouse  structures,  were  usually  the  work 
of  their  own  hands. 

Heating  greenhouses  by  steam,  to  the  best  of  my 
information,  was  unheard  of  in  the  United  States  at 
that  date,  though  I  am  informed  by  Mr,  Isaac 
Buchanan,  of  New  York,  that  when  he  was  employed 
in  the  Botanic  Gardens  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  as 
early  as  1S30,  the  greenhouses  there,  which  consisted 
of  some  15,000  square  feet  of  glass,  were  successfully 
heated  by  steam,  but  that  later,  for  some  reason,  this 
method  had  been  abandoned  and  hot  water  bad  been 
substituted.  So  it  would  appear  the  use  of  steam- 
heating  with  us  to-day  is,  like  many  other  things  in 
human  progress,  but  the  revival  of  a  lost  art. 

To  give  an  instance  of  how  excellent  methods  long 
in  use  have  been  abandoned  and  forgotten,  I  may 
mention  that  some  fifteen  years  ago,  when  on  a  visit 
to  Philadelphia,  I  called  on  our  friend,  W.  K.  Harris, 
who  showed  me  where,  with  one  fire,  he  successfully 

*  "Floriculture  in  the  United  States  during  tlie  past  Forty 
Years  ;"  a  paper  read  before  the  Society  of  American  Flot-ists, 
at  the  Annual  Convention,  held  in  Philadelphia,  Pa-,  .\ugust  18, 


heated  a  greenhouse,  20  x  100  feet,  by  the  excellent 
plan  of  returning  the  flue  so  that  the  chimney  was 
placed  on  top  of  the  furnace.  It  was  no  doubt 
original  with  Mr,  Harris,  and  I  gave  him  the  credit 
of  the  invention,  which  I  described  in  the  American 
Agruullurist  of  that  date.  But  it  had  no  sooner 
been  printed  than  a  gentleman  in  Salem,  Mass., 
wrote  me,  saying  that  if  I  would  refer  to  the  Trans- 
oitions  of  the  London  Horticultural  Society  for  1822 
I  should  find  the  same  plan  there  described  ;  but,  like 
many  other  valuable  things,  it  had  been  lost  sight  of 
and  forgotten,  for  there  were  few  books  and  fewer 
magazines  obtainable  by  the  gardeners  in  those  days. 
In  this  country  heating  greenhouses  by  steam  for 
commercial  purposes  was,  I  believe,  first  successfully 
practised  by  E,  H,  Bochman,  in  Pittsburgh,  about 
1S75,  but  it  is  only  in  the  past  five  years  that  its 
merits  have  been  so  fully  proved. 

Progress  is  slow  in  many  things,  mainly  lor  the 
reason  that  publicity  is  not  given  to  new  ideas  ;  hence 
the  great  value  of  such  an  Association  as  ours.  It  is 
somewhat  singular  that  few,  if  any,  of  the  large  green- 
house establishments  in  England  yet  use  steam  ;  and 
it  may  be  that  we  are  yet  to  show  them  that  it  is  not 
only  much  cheaper,  but,  I  believe,  also  the  best 
method  of  heating  any  greenhouse  structure  having 
5000  square  feet  of  glass. 

Propagation. 
Not  only  has  a  great  advance  been  made  in 
the  structure  of  greenhouses  and  their  heating, 
but  methods  of  propagating  and  growing  plants 
have  also  been  much  improved  upon,  'The  pro- 
pagator, forty  years  ago,  for  the  few  large  esta- 
blishments in  the  country,  was  generally  imported 
from  England,  and  was  usually  a  most  import- 
ant personage  —  often  full  of  mystery  and  over- 
weening conceit,  who  guarded  his  knowledge,  of 
which  he  had  often  not  a  very  large  stock,  with  a 
miser's  hand.  One  of  these  gentlemen  was  a  sort  of 
autocrat  in  the  greenhouse  establishment  of  the  late 
Robert  Buist,  when  I  worked  there  in  iS.(4.  He  not 
only  refused  to  impart  any  knowledge  that  he  pos- 
sessed on  the  subject,  but  actually  locked  the  door  of 
the  propagating-house  against  all  his  employis  ;  and 
he  was  sadly  put  out  one  day  when  a  sarcastic  wag 
tacked  to  the  door  the  following  transposition  of 
Goldsmith's  famous  couplet  ; — 

"  And  still  we  gaze,  and  still  the  wonder  grows, 
How  one  small  head  can  carry  all  he  knows." 

We  are  glad  to  know  that  few  of  that  ilk 
can  get  a  foothold  here  to-day.  The  knowledge 
of  propagating  has  now  been  so  diffused  by  books 
and  magazines  devoted  to  floriculture,  and  the  rules 
laid  down  are  so  simple,  that  all  the  mystery  that 
was  thrown  around  it  in  those  early  days  has  been 
dispelled.  But  every  now  and  then,  even  now, 
we  find  some  fellow  arrogating  to  himself 
some  "special  secret "  in  our  trade.  There  are  no 
secrets  in  horticulture.  The  laws  that  govern  the 
germination  of  a  seed,  the  rooting  of  a  cutting,  or 
the  taking  of  a  bud  or  graft  are  the  same  now  as  they 
were  a  thousand  years  ago,  and  anyone  pretending  to 
a  "  special  "  knowledge  (unknown  to  others)  in  the 
matter  is  either  an  ignoramus  or  an  impostor.  Of 
course,  experience  or  special  advantages  give  a  know- 
ledge that  the  want  of  such  cannot  give.  But  the 
underlying  principles  never  change,  though  un- 
doubtedly in  the  methods  of  making  them  available 
we  have  made  vast  strides  in  this  country,  particularly 
in  the  matter  of  propagating,  in  the  past  twenty  years. 
Whether  we  have  made  much  advance  in  the  classes 
of  plants  grown  now,  from  what  were  grown  forty  years 
ago,  there  may  be  some  question.  Certain  it  is  that 
there  were  many  fine  varieties  of  plants  then  grown 
which  we  fail  to  find  to-day,  particularly  in  the  hard- 
wooded  or  New  Holland  section,  such  as  Heaths, 
Epacris,  Corraeas,  Pimeleas,  &c.  Mr,  Buist,  of 
Philadelphia,  and  Mr.  Hogg,  of  New  York,  over  half 
a  century  ago,  both  had  collections  rich  in  these 
classes,  together  with  nearly  everything  desirable  in 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  but  they  gradually  be- 
came diminished,  as  it  was  found  that  their  culture 
was  attended  with  special  care  in  our  hot  and  dry 
summers.  Sales  diminished  in  consequence,  and  their 
collections  were  allowed  to  run  down,  to  be  replaced 
by  such  plants  as  were  found  to  be  better  adapted  to 
our  tropical  summers. 

Cut-Flowers. 

But  the  most  wonderful  advance  in  floriculture  has 

been  ia  the  arrangement  of  eut-flowers  into  bouquets 


392 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  1886. 


and  other  design^.  Forty  years  ago,  ia  New  York, 
in  constructing  a  simple  band  bouquet,  some  of  us 
did  not  know  enough  to  use  a  thread  to  keep 
each  flower  in  place  as  the  construction  went  on,  and 
it  was  some  years  later  that  the  centre  stick  was 
used  to  steady  the  struclure.  The  wire  design  man 
did  not  put  in  an  appearance  until  nearly  twenty 
years  later,  and  when  a  cross  or  wreath  of  flowers 
had  to  be  made,  the  cross  was  usually  con- 
structed with  pieces  of  lath,  on  which  the  flowers 
were  tied,  and  the  floral  wreath  had  the  groundwork 
of  a  piece  of  old  barrel  hoop  or  a  Willow  twig.  The 
bouquet  was  usually  a  one-sided  affair,  the  ground- 
work being  a  flat  bunch  of  Arborvils,  through  which 
the  flowers  were  drawn.  Occasionally  a  round  bouquet 
was  attempted  by  some  artist  of  local  fame,  but 
wiih  a  result  that  must  have  done  violence  to  the 
feelings  of  the  poor  flowerj  that  were  used  in  the 
structure. 

The  character  of  the  flowers  used  for  cut-flower 
purposes  has  also  been  radically  changed.  Forty 
years  ago  Camellia  flowers  were  freely  retailed  at  i  dol. 
each,  and  Philadelphia  used  to  send  thousands  to  New 
York  florists  at  the  holidays,  getting  500  dols.  per 
1000  :  while  Roies  were  then  going  a-begging  at*  one- 
tenth  of  that  sum.  Now  the  l\ose  is  queea  indeed, 
and  the  poor  Camellia  finds  none  so  poor  as  to  do  her 
homage.  The  culture  of  Tuberoses  came  a  little  later. 
I  find,  from  an  old  schedule  of  prices,  that  in  1865 
Tuberoses  were  quoted  in  November  at  8  dols.  per 
100,  and  a  reference  to  my  own  books  shows  that  in 
that  year  my  receipts  from  a  house  (lox  100  feet)  of 
Tuberoses  were  1500  dols.  in  November;  now  they 
are  rarely  sold  at  all  in  New  York,  unless  to  the 
poorest  da^s — Dame  Fashion  has  stamped  them  out, 
as  she,  twenly  years  before,  stamped  out  Camellia 
flowers  ;  and  just  here  comes  the  question.  May  there 
not  be  danger  of  a  rebound  in  the  Rose  "  boom  "  ? 
May  there  not  be  danger  ahead  in  placing  so  many 
eggs  in  one  basket,  fascinating  though  the  basket  be  ? 

Sales. 

The  increase  in  the  sales  of  all  products  of  floricul- 
ture in  the  past  forty  years  has  certainly  kept  pace 
with  most  other  industries,  and  has  probably  exceeded 
many.  In  January  of  1844  I  was  employed  by  a  New 
York  florist,  who  did  nearly  the  whole  business  of  the 
city  at  that  time.  His  sales  of  cut  flowers  for  New 
Year's  Day  of  that  year  footed  up  the  sum  of  200  dols. 
I  have  but  little  doubt  that  the  aggregate  sales  of  cut 
flowers  in  the  city  of  New  York  on  January  i, 
1886,  were  not  less  than  100,000  dols.,  and  the 
a;i;regate  for  the  past  year  cannot  be  short  of 
3,000,000  dols.,  which  is  probably  twice  that  of  any 
European  city  of  its  size.  An  equal  advance  has 
been  made  in  the  output  of  plants.  We  have  good  reason 
to  believe  that  Mr.  William  Elliott,  the  well-known 
horticultural  auctioneer,  of  New  York  city,  often  sells 
more  plants  in  two  hours  from  his  warerooms  than 
were  sold  during  a  whole  season  by  the  florists  of  New 
York  in  1844.  I  know  that  he  repeatedly  sells  at 
one  sale  50,000  plants  ;  but  it  is  exceedingly  doubtful 
if  that  number  was  sold  in  New  York  during  the 
whole  year  of  1844.  The  past  season  there  were 
probably  shipped  and  sold  in  the  market  and  at 
auction  not  less  than  50,000,000  of  flowering  and 
ornamental  plants,  of  which  perhaps  one-tenth  was 
sold  at  auction.  The  aggregate  value  of  the  sales 
can  only  approximated,  but  I  should  think  it  safe  to 
say  that  the  average  would  be  quite  5  cents  apiece,  or 
2,500,000  doh.  E.  L.  Taplin,  a  most  careful  writer, 
in  an  article  in  the  January  number  of  the  Floral 
Cabinet  for  18S6,  says  :  — 

"According  to  the  best  information,  there  are  over 
Sooo  florists  established  in  business  in  this  country, 
who,  with  their  workpeople,  make  a  considerable 
showing  in  the  population.  The  number  of  Americans 
engaging  in  the  business  increases  yearly,  for  though 
England  contributes  the  largest  quota  to  the  trade, 
with  Germany  and  France  following  closely, 
Americans  are  now  waking  up  to  the  possibilities  of 
the  business.  Allowing  400  feet  of  glass-covered  sur- 
face to  each  florist— a  low  estimate— this  would  give 
3  total  of  3  200,000  feet,  or  630  acres  of  glass  surlace. 
l-ast  year  the  tmde  sold  24,000,000  cut  Roses  and 
I20,ooo,coo  Carnation  flowers." 

If  the  business  increases  in  the  same  ratio  for  the 
r,ext  forty  years  rest  assured  the  now  somewhat 
humble  florist  will  have  a  place  in  the  coinmunity  ; 
that  the  increase  wi|l  be  even  greater  there  is  good 
reason  to  believe.  In  the  early  dayc  of  floriculture 
nsirly  p|l  the  nasn  engaeing  in  the  business  were  old. 

(jOJDtrjmen  whq  had  been  private  gaidsness,  o(te[| 


lacking  in  education  and  intelligence,  and  utterly 
untrained,  from  the  nature  of  their  occupation,  in 
business  habits.  Now  hundreds  of  young  men,  with 
better  opportunities  of  education,  are  training  direct 
for  the  business  in  all  sections  of  the  country  ;  and  I 
think  it  safe  to  predict  that  the  leading  florists  foity 
years  hence  will  be  far  better  business  men  than  even 
the  most  prominent  among  us  now.  And  it  may  be 
that,  when  the  Society  of  American  Florists  meets 
again  in  this  good  old  city  four  decades  hence,  some 
other  veteran,  now  a  stripling  here  today,  will  tell, 
as  I  have  done,  of  the  primitive  ways  of  the  craft  as 
practised  "  forty  years  ago."  Pelcr  Hendenon,  in 
"  The  Ladies  Floral  Cabinet.^^ 


CONSERVATORY   AND    BALL- 
ROOM  AT  SANDRINGHAM. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  77)  represents 
a  structure  erected  last  year  for  H.R. H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  at  Sandringham  House,  Norfolk,  by  Messrs. 
Boulton  &  Paul,  Norwich.  Designed  as  a  flower  court, 
it  forms  a  valuable  addition  to  the  large  ball-room,  and 
affords  a  means  of  communication  between  several  of 
the  principal  rooms.  The  whole  is  carried  out  in  a 
flrst-class  manner.  The  heating  apparatus  is  ai  ranged 
under  the  iron  gratings. 


|Br(I\id  j[otw  and  ilaninp. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  ODORATUM,  Lindl. 
Mr.  Sander  his  observed  that  he  has  received  from 
the  late  Arnold  a  Columbian  plant,  which  by  its  slender 
virgulate  panicles  is  well  distinct  from  the  southern 
Odontoglossum  odoratum  with  very  conferruminate 
dense  branches,  which  sometimes  form  a  nearly  con- 
tiguous mass  of  flowers.  It  happens,  however,  that 
this  fresh  plant  is  the  typical  Odontoglossum  odoratum 
itself,  gathered  at  the  very  spot  where  the  original 
plant  was  met  with  :  D(.  Lindley's  herbarium  gives 
evidence  of  it.   H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Vanda  Denisoniana  hebraica, 
which  forms  an  evergreen  tuft,  is  quite  new,  having 
been  introduced  by  us  [B.  S.  Williams]  a  few  years  ago, 
and  flowered  for  the  first  time  this  year.  It  resembles 
its  parent,  V.  Denisoniana,  in  its  growth,  and  attains 
the  height  of  3  feet,  with  perfect  foliage,  and  when  well 
grown  is  an  unique  plant.  The  spikes  of  its  fragrant 
flowers  are  produced  on  each  side  of  the  stem  from  the 
axils  of  its  copious  leaves  ;  the  sepals  and  petals  are 
sulphur-coloured  on  both  sides,  but  darker  within, 
where  they  ate  covered  with  numerous  streaks  and 
short  transverse  bars,  forming  marks  somewhat  re- 
sembling Hebrew  characters ;  the  spur  is  oiange- 
coloured  inside,  and  the  front  part  of  the  blade  of  the 
lip  pale  sulphur-yellow.  The  blossoms  are  produced 
during  the  summer  months,  and  continue  in  perfec- 
tion for  some  time.     We  received  it  from  Burmah. 

We  have  grown  this  distinct  variety  in  the  East 
India  Orchid-house  with  other  Vandas,  and  find  it 
succeeds  well  grown  in  pots  with  live  sphagnum  moss 
and  good  drainage,  filling  the  pots  three-parts  full  of 
broken  pots,  and  placing  the  moss  on  the  top,  above 
which  the  plant  is  elevated  about  3  inches.  A  lew 
broken  crocks  mixed  with  the  moss  will  be  beneficial 
to  the  roots,  as  they  help  to  keep  the  material  open 
so  that  the  superabundant  water  can  pass  away,  for 
stagnant  moisture  is  detrimental  to  these  plants. 
They  require,  indeed,  to  be  kept  nroist  at  the  roots 
during  the  time  of  vigorous  growth,  which  comes 
after  the  flowering  season,  but  they  are  growing  more 
or  less  during  the  whole  year,  even  during  winter, 
and  at  this  time  the  moss  should  be  kept  rather 
moist,  which  prevents  them  from  losing  their  bottom 
leaves,  a  misfortune  which  frequently  occurs  if  the 
plants  are  kept  dry,  as  they  have  no  thick  fleshy 
bulbs  from  which  to  draw  support. 

These  Vandas  are  of  easy  cultivation  if  they  get  the 
treatment  they  require.  We  find  no  difHcuIty  about 
this,  as  we  always  treat  them  alike,  and  grow  them  in 
the  same  house.  They  require  shading  from  tha 
hottest  sun,  but  this  should  be  done  with  very  thin 
shading,  as  the  plants  like  all  the  light  possible.  For 
(his  reason  the  blinds  should  never  be  kept  down  whet) 
the  wiq  is  on  th?  decline,  or  (JijriDg  tjull  weatbcr, 


These  plants  are  propagated  by  the  young  growths 
which  spring  from  the  base  and  sides  of  the  stems  ; 
these  should  be  lelt  on  until  they  make  roots,  and 
then  be  taken  off  with  great  care  and  potted  in  the 
same  kind  of  material  as  recommended  above  for  the 
parent  plants.   "  Orchid  Album"  August. 

Tkichopilia  marginata,  Henfrey. 
The  original  record  of  this  distinct  plant  was  con- 
firmed by  Professor  Reichenbach  last  week  from  a 
specimen  which  flowered  in  the  collection  of  R.  J. 
Measures,  Esq  ,  at  Cambridge  Lodge,  Camberwell, 
and  thus  the  general  impression  in  works  of  reference 
and  in  gardens,  that  it  is  identical  with  Trichopilia 
coccinea,  is  set  aside.  The  plant  was  recently  exhi- 
bited by  Mr.  Measures  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  and  those  who  saw  it  will  remember  that  in 
habit  of  growth  and  flower  it  seemed  exactly  inter- 
mediate between  T.  tortilisand  T.  coccinea,  having  the 
twisted  green  sepals  and  petals  with  reddish  middle 
band  and  spots,  and  the  lip  much  more  expanded 
than  that  of  T.  coccinea  ;  white  with  red  blotches  in 
the  throat.  The  pseudobulbs  and  leaves  are  much 
shorter  and  stouter  than  those  of  T.  coccinea,  and 
more  like  those  of  T.  toitilis.  The  species  are  very 
pretty  and  distinct,  and  need  never  be  confounded 
with  T.  coccinea  by  those  who  know  i*.  They  must, 
however,  take  care  not  to  confuse  it  with  T.  crispa 
marginata,  which  it  resembles  perhaps  more  than  it 
does  T.  coccinea.   James  O'Brien. 

CCELOGYNE    DAYANA 

is  a  plant  of  evergreen  habit,  and  is  furnished  with 
long  narrow — almost  cylindrical — pseudobulbs,  which 
bear  dark  green  foliage.  It  produces  its  long  pendul- 
ous inflorescence  from  the  base  of  the  pseudobulb, 
and  bears  about  twenty-four  flowers  on  each  of  its 
somewhat  loose  racemes.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
of  a  very  light  ochre-yellow,  the  lateral  lobes  of  the 
lip  being  marked  with  numerous  collateral  longitu- 
dinal broad  dark-coloured  and  white  stripes,  and  the 
front  lobe  on  the  same  light-coloured  ground,  bearing 
a  crescent-shaped  half  ring  of  dark  brown.  This 
Bornean  species  blooms  during  summer  and  flowers  in 
succession,  all  down  the  spike. 

This  species  will  thrive  with  the  sams  treatment  as 
C.  Massangeana,  that  is,  it  may  be  grown  either  in  a 
pot  or  in  a  basket  suspended  from  the  roof  of  the 
Orchid-house,  using  as  a  compost  rough  fibrous  peat 
and  sphagnum  moss,  and  being  careful  to  secure  good 
drainage.  A  liberal  supply  of  water  must  be  given 
during  the  period  of  vigorous  growth,  and  a  smaller 
quantity  during  the  season  of  rest.  The  plants  are 
free  in  blooming  if  they  are  well  cultivated  and  receive 
proper  attention, -which  is  simply  to  expose  them  to 
plenty  of  light,  and  to  furnish  them  with  good  sweet 
material  to  grow  in.  They  will  do  either  in  the  East 
India-house  or  in  the  warmest  part  of  the  Cattleya- 
house,  with  a  slight  shading  during  the  time  the  sun  is 
powerful.  The  foliage  frequently  gets  spoiled  through 
having  too  much  sun  ;  a  little  of  the  early  morning 
sun  will  not  harm  it,  neither  will  it  sufler  after  4  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  when  the  heal  is  on  the  decline  ;  but 
the  hot  mid-day  sun  is  more  than  it  can  bear.  Orchid 
Albuvi. 

Peristeria  Barkerii. 

This  species  was  sold  at  Messrs.  Protheroe  ci 
Morris'  rooms  in  July  last  year  under  the  name  of 
Acineta  species.  I  bought  a  plant  which  produced 
strong  flower-spikes  last  month,  and  on  comparing 
it  with  the  plate  in  Bot.  Ulag.,  t.  4203,  I  find  it  is  the 
same  plant  that  Mr.  Ross  sent  to  Mr.  Barker,  of 
Birmingham  from  Xilapa  in  Mexico.  It  is  interesting 
to  watch  the  development  of  the  flower-spikes  during 
a  period  of  seven  months,  but  when  the  great  pen- 
dulous spike  of  rich  yellow  flowers  are  developed  it 
is  disappointing  to  find  they  last  in  beauty  but  three 
days  only.  J.  D. 

"  Lindenia.  " 

The  following  species  and  varieties  are  figured  in 
the  last  number :  — 

An^ulaal^ttckcri,  var.  media,  Rchb.  f.,  t.  53. — One 
of  the  globular  flowered  Orchids,  with  flowers  of  the 
size  of  a  medium  sized  Apple,  segments  yellow,  thickly 
sprinkled  with  red  dots,  and  with  a  red  lip.  Culture 
is  easy,  growth  begins  in  February  or  March,  when 
water  should  be  freely  supplied.  After  flowering  the 
plants  should  be  repotted,  taking  special  care  not  to 
break  the  roots.  The  plants  should  be  shaded.  la 
potting  tha  plants  should  be  well  raised  00  peat 
mixed  with  lumps  of  wood  charcoal. 

Sji(ilh,og(Qili' fliccfla,  t,  5^.  —  FJQwefs  lacemose, 


September  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


393 


flat,  five-rayed  j  segments  ovate,  rosy-lilac ;  lip 
smaller  than  the  segments.  The  Compagnie  Con- 
tinentale  has  succeeded  in  raising  some  hybrids 
between  S.  augustorum  fertilised  by  S.  plicata  and  by 
Calanthe  vestita. 

Caltltya  Mendelii,  t.  55. — The  Editors  consider 
this,  with  reason,  as  a  variety  of  C.  Trianae. 

Vanda  Lindeni,  Rchb.  f.,  t.  56.— A  native  of  New 
Guinea,  nearly  allied  to  V.  hastifera.  Vandas  grow 
throughout  the  year,  and  having  no  pseudobulbs, 
require  proportionately  a  more  constant  supply  of 
moisture  and  a  high  temperature. 

Aerides  Rohaniana. 
At  p.  206  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  n.s.,  vol. 
xxi.,  Reichenbach  truly  describes  this  as  a  grand 
Aerides,  although  under  the  circumstances  probably 
he  was  unable  to  detect  all  its  properties,  A  fine 
specimen  has  been  flowering  for  some  time  back  in 
the  East  Indian-house  at  Kew,  and  proves  to  be  not 


with  the  same  potting  material  and  the  same  cultural 
treatment  accorded  other  East  Indian  and  Asiatic 
species,  J.  f. 

Orchids    in    Flower   at    Messrs.    Low's, 
Clapton. 

Of  Oncidium  bicolor  there  is  a  very  large  impor- 
tation, the  plants  as  well  as  the  flowers  reminding 
one  of  O.  bifolium.  A  few  of  them  are  in  flower, 
and  very  lovely  they  are — the  lip  of  a  clear  yellow  on 
the  upper  surface.  We  shall  be  glad  of  a  good  supply 
of  this  species,  as  it  is  evidently  September  flowering. 
There  is  an  excellent  plate  of  it  in  the  Botanical 
Register,  t.  66.  Dr.  Lindley  there  wrote  of  it  as 
"This  charming  species  of  Oncidium,  one  of  the 
rarest  of  its  genus,  was  obtained  by  Messrs.  Loddiges 
from  the  Spanish  Main.  It  flowered  with  them  in 
September,  1842."  O.  bicallosum  is  also  in  flower; 
it  is  of  the  O.  Cavendishianum  type,  but  is  quite 
distinct  from  it,  and  ranks  as  a  species.     It  was  sent 


yet,  although  there  is  a  pretty  spike  of  P.  Esme- 
ralda ;  P.  Sanderiana  and  P.  violacea  are  also  in 
flower.  The  plants  in  this  bouse  are  remarkable  for 
their  vigorous  growth.  The  Ladies'  Slippers  are 
represented  by  Cypripedium  Spicerianum,  and  the 
Coelogynes  by  the  lovely  little  C.  ocellata  ;  its  pure 
white  flowers  with  orange-coloured  spots  on  the  lip 
are  very  striking,  and  cannot  fail  to  please.  J.  D, 

Cattleya  eicolor  Wrigleyana. 
This  beautiful  form  is  at  the  present  time  flowering 
very  freely  with  us  here.  Though  it  cannot  be  com- 
pared with  the  larger  and  more  showy  flowers  of  the 
Mossia:  and  labiata  sections,  it  nevertheless  has  a 
special  and  peculiar  beauty  of  its  own. 

I  forward  a  spike  of  seven  flowers,  which  I 
have  just  cut.  This  number  is  the  highest  we  have 
reached,  and  as  we  have  several  of  this  number  out 
of  fifty  spikes  now  in  flower  we  are  anxious  you 
should  have  an  idea  what  this  variety  is  when  at  its 


I 


Fig.  77. — flower  court  erected  at  sandringham  for  h.r.h.  the  prince  of  wales,  bv  Messrs.  boulton  and  paul.     (see  p.  392.) 


only  distinct  and  handsome,  but  deliciously  fragrant 
when  in  full  flower  and  before  it  is  too  far  gone.  The 
odour  resembles  as  nearly  as  possible  that  of  dried 
Cinnamon  bark,  and  few  people  would  dislike  it.  It 
is  another  of  the  many  instances  of  the  great  variety 
of  odours  within  the  limits  of  a  single  genus.  The 
densely  flowered  and  thick  cylindrical  inflorescence 
droops  or  is  suspended  in  a  graceful  manner  from 
the  end  of  the  horizontal  peduncle.  The  distinct- 
ness in  colour  lies  in  the  delicate  blending  of 
various  hues,  none  of  which  are  dark  or  exhibit 
any  glaring  contrast.  Although  little  stress  is  laid 
upon  colour  for  botanical  distinction  yet  from  a 
horticultural  point  of  view  it  is  a  matter  of  the 
greatest  importance,  and  at  the  bands  of  the  gardener 
receives  the  first  consideration.  The  sepals  and  petals 
are  delicate  rosy-lilac  on  a  white  ground,  or,  as  else- 
where described,  rose-mauve  with  a  white  border  ; 
while  the  lateral  segments  of  the  labellum  are  pale 
yellow,  with  a  few  faint  purple  spots  towards  the  base, 
and  the  middle  segment  white,  or  nearly  so,  with  a  lew 
faint  purple  spots  towards  the  apex.  The  spur  is 
greenish-yellow,  mottled  with  purple.  It  seems  to  be 
perfectly  at  home  in  a  basket  hung  up  near  the  light. 


in  the  first  place  from  Guatemala  by  the  late  Mr. 
Skinner.  Mr.  Bateman  flowered  it  in  1842  from 
which  it  was  figured  in  the  Botanical  Register.  It  is 
also  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  4148. 
There  are  evidently  two  varieties,  one  with  more  of 
an  orange  colour  in  the  sepals  and  petals,  and  the 
other  paler,  as  in  the  Botanical  Magazine.  Both 
varieties  are  in  flower  at  Messrs.  Low's.  It  is  much 
superior  to  O.  Cavendishianum,  the  flowers  being 
much  larger.  Cattleya  Harrisoniana  forms  a  nice 
flowering  group  in  one  house  ;  some  varieties  are 
much  paler  than  others  ;  the  darkest  have  rosy-purple 
sepals  and  petals,  the  lip  creamy,  with  an  orange  band 
in  the  centre.  Laelia  Dayana  and  Cattleya  Gas- 
kelliana  are  in  flower ;  the  first  named  should  be  in 
every  collection,  its  rich  maroon-purple  reflexed  lip  is 
very  striking  ;  it  does  well  near  the  glass  in  a  basket. 
C.  Gaskelliana  has  quite  usurped  the  position  so  long 
held  by  the  autumn-flowering  C.  labiata.  The  finest 
form  of  it  I  have  seen  is  now  in  flower  here  ;  the 
sepals  and  petals  are  a  lovely  rose  colour,  with  a 
richly  coloured  lip  like  C.  Warneri ;  usually  the  lip 
is  very  pale. 
In  the  Phalaenopsis-house  the  time  of  flowers  is  not 


best.  It  is  a  great  advance  in  size  and  colour  upon 
the  original  form — the  sepals  and  petals  being  a 
pale  green,  with  a  yellow  shade,  this  latter  colour 
more  distinct  along  the  edges.  The  lip  is  of  an 
intense  rosy-purple,  the  column  of  the  variety  sent 
being  pure  white.  The  plants  are  grown  in  pots  in 
peat,  with  just  a  bit  of  moss,  plenty  of  charcoal  being 
used  in  the  crocking.  We  have  new  growths  2  feet 
to  2  feet  6  inches  long  this  season,  in  many  instances 
longer  than  the  imported  bulbs.  The  plants  have 
had  much  more  light  and  heat  than  is  usually  given 
to  Cattleyas.  IV,  Swan,  The  Gardens,  Hoioick  House, 
Preston, 


Hybrid  Plums.  —  M.  Carriere  has  been  ex- 
perimenting by  crossing  Prunus  japonica  and  P. 
Susquehanna,  the  latter  a  form  of  P.  pumila.  Among 
other  results  he  has  obtained  a  curious  form,  which  he 
calls  P.  hybrida  reptans,  characterised  by  the  produc- 
tion of  long  loosely  arranged  branches  spreading  on 
the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  flowers  are  small, 
white,  and  produced  in  May.  The  singular  habit  of 
this  plant  should  render  it  desirable  for  large  rock- 
eries. M-  CarriSre  suggests  that  it  should  be  pro- 
pagated by  layers. 


394 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


lS|-,PTr>IBKR    25,    1SS6. 


MARKET    PLANTS. 

One  of  the  leading  market  nurseries,  of  which 
there  are  now  so  miny  round  London,  has  recently 
been  purchased  by  Mr.  Sweet  at  Whetstone.  It  con- 
sists of  some  17  acre?,  with  a  large  extent  of  glass 
devoted  to  the  growth  of  Camellias,  Grapes,  Tomatos, 
Cucumbers,  and  several  of  the  kinds  of  plants  that  are 
ID  demand  in  Covent  Garden  Market. 

The  stock  of  Camellias  is  very  large,  filling  several 
houses.  One  house,  span-roofed,  is  100  feet  long  by  24 
wide  ;  two  rows  occupy  the  space  ;  they  are  big  dense 
bushes,  all  planted  out.  Much  the  greater  portion  of 
the  stock  consists  of  the  old  double  white  variety, 
of  which  there  is  probably  twenty  times  as  many  sold 
in  the  market  as  of  all  the  other  kinds  put  together. 
The  largest  plant  of  this  variety  has  a  house  to  itself, 
which  it  tills,  and  will  shortly  have  to  be  made  bio{;er, 
as  the  plant  has  reached  the  top,  Ant\  the  branches 
have  extended  so  that  there  is  insudicient  room  to  get 
round  it.  The  diameter  of  ili;  plant  is  iS  feet,  the 
height  neatly  as  much.  IC'ght  or  ten  years  ago 
account  was  taken  of  the  number  of  flowers  gathered 
from  it  in  one  season,  which  was  7000  ;  since  then 
the  number  has  reached  as  much  as  10,000,  afier  a 
>iiill  greater  quantity  have  been  thinned.from  it.  The 
lirgest  house  devoted  to  Camellias  is  composed  of 
three  spans  some  Oi  feet  long  by  60  wide.  The 
plants  here  again  are  all  large  and  are  turned  out  in 
spaces  enclosed  with  a,},  inches  of  brickwork. 

The  vineries  now  in  bearing  consist  of  a  number  of 
large  houses,  mostly  r pan  roofed  ;  one  of  these, 
185  feet  long  by  23  wide,  is  filled  with  Dlack  Alicante 
carrying  a  very  fine  crop  of  medium  sized  bunches, 
the  berries  larger  than  usually  met  with.  The  Vines 
are  planted  on  both  sides  of  ilij  house,  and  are  con- 
fined to  one  rod  each.  By  the  side  of  this  is  another 
house,  similar  in  size,  occupied  by  Lidy  Downe's, 
like  the  bast  phnled  on  both  sides.  O.1  one  side  the 
crop  is  all  that  could  be  desired,  on  the  other  there 
has  been  some  scalding.  Another  long  span,  similar 
to  those  desciibed  but  with  a  division  in  the  middle, 
contains  Black  Hamburghs.  In  one  division  the 
crop  is  a  very  good  one,  in  the  other  the  bunches  are 
s.naIUr. 

Here  may  be  seen  the  danger  of  using  paraflin. 
Mr.  Sweet  finding  that  the  Vines  in  this  division  were 
affected  with  mc.ily-hug  had  them  dressed  with  Gis- 
hurstand  Fir-tree  oil  added  to  the  usual  mixture  of  soft- 
soap,  sulphur,  and  clay.  Soon  after  they  came  into 
flower  it  was  seen  that  the  bugs  were  not  all  killed  on 
the  old  wood,  which  was  then  dressed  with  equal  parts 
of  parpffm  and  sperm  oil,  which  had  no  apparent  effect 
on  the  growth,  except  that  the  young  wood  seemed  to 
swell  lister  than  usual,  and  that  the  bunches  were 
smaller,  though  the  berries  have  swollen,  and  are 
ripening  right.  The  wood  is  in  a  most  singular  con- 
dition, the  lower  part  of  the  shoots,  and  for  some 
length  above,  being  quit^  green,  and  without  any 
sign  of  its  ripening,  whilst  above  from  where  the 
bunc'ies  hang  it  is  trjwn  and  ripe.  This  is  a  state 
the  like  of  which  I  have  not  seen  or  heard  of  before. 
It  will  be  interesting  to  see  how  these  Vines  behave 
next  year,  and  whelhtr  they  will  show  a  crop  from 
this  green-looking  wood. 

Tivo  spans,  each  i8o  feet  long  by  25  feet  wide, 
that  Mr,  Sweet  has  rebuilt  and  planted  with  Gros 
Colmar  Vines,  are  now  filled  with  Tomatos.  These 
are  in  rows  right  and  left  across  the  houses,  leaving  a 
passage  down  the  middle.  The  arrangement  of  the 
planting  that  is  found  to  give  the  most  fruit  is  to  have 
four  rows  18  inches  apart,  and  then  a  space  of  2  feet 
so  as  to  be  able  to  get  amongst  the  plants  to  thin  and 
water  them,  and  to  gather  the  frui'.  Another  span- 
roofed  vinery,  200  (eet  long  and  25  feet  wide,  is  prin- 
cipally occupied  by  Black  II  imburgh--,  carrying  a  fine 
crop  of  well  finished  bunche.':,  black,  and  nicely 
covered  with  bloom.  Near  this  are  two  more  span- 
houses,  each  120  feet  long,  both  filled  with  Gros 
Colmar,  carrying  a  full  crop  of  moderate  siz:d 
bunches,  which  the  market  buyers  like  much  better 
than  large  ones.  They  were  colouring  with  every 
prospect  of  their  finishing  up  well.  These  and  the 
various  houses  of  Black  Alicante  and  Lady  Downe's 
will  be  kept  for  sale  in  winter. 

Another  1  ing  hou.e  that  has  been  recently  planted 
«iih  Black  II  imburghi  is  filled  with  Tomatos.  Still 
ano'her  house,  a  lean-to  of  considerable  length,  is 
occupied  by  Tomatos,  the  1-atest  crop  ;  the  plants 
ate  remaikably  strong,  and  promise  to  keep  on 
bearing  late.  As  much  as  3000  lb.  of  Tomatos  pet 
week   have   been   sold.      Italian    Red   and    Trophy 


are  the  varieties  grown  ;  the  first-named  does  best 
early  in  the  season,  but  the  last  answers  better  later 
on,  and  being  smoother  and  of  a  more  equal  size  is  in 
more  favour  with  buyers.  Some  long  beds  out-of- 
doors  have  done  remarkably  well  this  season,  and 
were  still  full  of  fine  fruit  ripening  fast  when  I  saw 
them  at  the  beginning  of  September.  Tomatos  seem 
to  be  less  afTiCted  by  competition  with  foreign  produce 
than  other  things  ;  those  of  foreign  growth  are  not 
only  flavourless  through  being  gathered  so  long  before 
they  are  ripe,  but  they  contain  such  quantities  of  seed 
that  few  of  those  who  have  compared  them  with  good 
home-grown  Tomatos  care  to  have  them,  however 
tempting  the  price  may  be. 

Another  vinery  contains  Gros  Colmar,  somewhat 
earlier  thin  those  already  named.  The  next  vinery 
in  bearing  is  a  span  about  too  feet  long  by  24  feet 
wide — all  Lady  Downe's,  carrying  plenty  of  bunches, 
but  the  crop  has  suffered  a  good  deal  through  scalding, 
although  there  was  no  deficiency  of  ait  kept  on  duting 
the  critical  time  when  this  variety  is  so  liable  to  be 
alt.;cted  in  this  way.  A  r:»omy,  hip-roofed  house, 
standing  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the  nursery, 
contains  Gros  Colmar  planted  about  three  years,  and 
now  carrying  an  even  lot  cf  bunches.  Two  more 
span-roofed  houses  in  front  of  this  have  been  planted 
this  season  with  lilack  Alicinte,  which  is  a  favourite 
with  Mr.  Sweet,  and  deservedly  so,  for  as  a  winter 
Grape  taking  into  account  its  fine  appearance,  and  the 
immense  weight  of  fruit  which  it  is  capable  of  finish- 
ing up  perfect  in  colour,  there  are  not  many  kinds 
that  will  beat  it  for  marketing.  Cucumbers  in  very 
large  quantities  are  giovn  in  the  eatly  patt  of  the 
season. 

A  number  of  long  houses  are  filled  with  plants  of 
various  kinds,  including  Cinerarias,  which  are  grown 
in  quantity,  and  also  double  white  Primulas,  with 
Pelargoniums  of  the  usuil  free  early  flowering  varie- 
ties. Of  the  berry-bearing  Solanums  there  are  also 
Urge  numbers.  :\  A  )ck  is  being  got  up  of  the  double 
yellow  Marguerite  (Cliiysanthemum  ftutescens), 
which  at  one  time  buyers  would  not  look  at,  but 
now  it  seems  to  be  much  in  favour. 

Winter  flowering  Heaths  ore  very  well  done,  quan- 
tities of  these  standing  ou'.-of-doors  were  beautifully 
set  with  bloom  and  in  exc--Ilent  condition  every  way. 
A  batch  of  E.  Cavendishii  have  made  good  growth, 
and  promise  to  Bower  well.  Tnis  beautiful  Heath  has 
only  recently  been  brought  into  requisition  as  a 
market  plant,  but  managed  as  it  is  now  is  by  a  few  of 
the  growers,  in  small  pots,"  ihc  plants  covered  from  the 
tops  of  the  shoots  down  to  th;  pots  with  their  bright 
yellow  flowers,  it  is  very  attractive.  Not  .he  least  of 
the  merits  it  possesses  is  that  it  keeps  fresh  so  long 
in  flower. 

Celosia  pyiamidalis  is  another  plant  done  well  here  ; 
it  is  grown,  like  most  things  that  are  intended  for 
market,  in  small  pots.  The  strain  is  a  reuiarkably 
good  one  ;  the  plants  are  stout  and  bushy,  and  the 
colours  bright  and  vivid,  ranging  from  the  deepest 
crimson  to  pale  pink  and  yellow. 

Something  like  an  acre  of  Chrysanthemums  are 
grown  in  pots  for  the  produc.ion  of  cut  flowers  ;  they 
are  strong,  bushy  plants,  calculated  to  yield  an 
immense  quantity  of  bloom.  They  go  to  fill  the 
various  houses  that  are  cleared  from  Cucumbers  and 
the  earlier  crops  of  Tomatos.  The  varieties  grown 
are  the  usual  kinds  that  keep  up  a  supply  from 
autumn  to  the  beginning  of  the  new  year.  A  large 
extent  of  ground  is  covered  with  bush  fruits  and 
Plums,  the  latter  of  which  this  year,  here  as  in 
other  places,  are  unfortunately  scarcely  worth 
gathering. 

In  the  numerous  houses  that  Mr.  Sweet  has  rebuilt 
Payne's  patent  ventilating  gear  is  used.  It  is  the  best 
of  the  many  contrivances  that  I  have  met  with, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  simple,  and  there  is  no  strain  on 
the  ironwork  or  the  lights  and  shutters  it  is  employed 
in  opening.  This  may  be  understood  from  the  fact 
that  the  hinged  roof  lights  in  houses  200  or  300  feet 
long  can  be  opened  at  once  the  entire  length.  Ordin- 
ary 1-inch  or  ij-inch  gas  piping  is  used  for  the  bar 
ru[ining  the  length  of  the  roof,  and  on  which  the 
excentric  levers  that  raise  the  lights  are  attached. 
All  wrenching  and  straining  is  avoided  by  the  lue  of 
weighted  tods  attached  at  intervals  to  the  opening 
bar  on  the  same  principle  that  the  railway  signals  are 
weighted.  These  ate  so  arranged  that  Ihty  nearly 
balance  the  lights  to  be  raised.  The  simplic  ty  of 
this  is  such  that  a  child  can  work  it. 

In  one  of  the  long  span-roofoed  houses  here  there 
is  an  example  of  oiie  of  the  qunjber  of  v.'hat  may  be 


termed  curiosities  in  glazing  that  was  to  have  super- 
seded the  use  of  putty,  and  which  not  a  few  of  those 
wanting  in  experience  or  caution  have  been  led  to 
try  with  the  usual  result,  that  the  mistake  is  discovered 
when  enough  time  to  test  the  system  has  elapsed. 
The  house  in  question  is  to  be  reglazed,  and  pu  ty, 
that  has  so  often  by  some  been  supposed  about  to  be 
done  away  with,  used. 

Mr.  Sweet  still  keeps  on  his  other  place  at  Lcyton- 
stone,  where,  amongst  other  things,  Grape  growing 
on  an  extensive  scale  has  been  long  and  successfully 
carried  out.    T.  B. 


ROSE  MADAME  GABRIEL  LUIZET. 
There  has  been  a  good  deal  of  contention  over  this 
Rose,  as  to  whether  it  deserves  to  be  called  a  hybrid 
perpetual  or  not.  All  along  I  have  maintained  that 
it  is  so,  but  even  this  year  I  have  met  rosarians  of 
fat  more  experience  than  myself  who  maintained  that 
it  must  be  classed  amongst  summer  Roses.  I  have, 
therefore,  been  unusually  gratified  to  find  that  the 
bushes  which  have  been  most  covered  with  bloom  in 
my  small  Rose  garden  have  been  those  of  this  very 
charming  variety.  Every  shoot  has  three  or  four 
buds  upon  it,  and  although  these  b.ive  to  be  thinned  out 
in  Older  to  get  larger  blooms,  yet  I  can  safely  say  they 
are  as  full  of  bloom  as  they  weie  in  the  height  of  the 
Rose  season.  This  is  vety  satisfac'ory,  for  when  I 
have  praised  the  flower  for  the  exquisite  beauty  of  its 
colour  the  reply  has  benerally  been — "Oh  I  yes,  very 
pretty,  but  it  is  a  pity  that  it  is  not  a  perpetual 
bloomer."  There  are  Roses  which  at  once  by  their 
habit  of  growth  proclaim  their  unperpetual  character. 
I  have  one  of  last  year's  which  showed  this  at  once, 
but  where  it  is  not  the  case,  and  the  wood  gives 
promise  of  its  being  of  a  perpetual  character,  it  is  well 
not  to  pronounce  a  verdict  upon  it  for  a  couple  of 
seasons.  How  many,  fat  instanc-,  of  those- K  ises 
which  are  usually  considered  hybiids  have  not  given 
a  bloom  this  autumn,  notwithstanding  that  it  has 
been  a  good  season  as  far  as  my  experience  goes — a 
very  good  one  for  second  blooming.  I  therefore 
hope  that  the  slur  which  has  been  cast  oa  the  fair 
fame  of  this  lovely  matron  may  be  removed,  and  that 
she  may  be  considered  "good  in  autumn." 

The  hot  weather  we  have  experienced  in  the  ea^Iy 
part  of  the  month  (September)  has  been  very  favour- 
able far  the  autumn  flowering  of  Roses  where  mildew 
has  not  been  excessive,  but  this  has  in  some  cases 
been  very  bad,  the  great  alternations  of  temperature 
being  very  favourable  to  its  development.  We  have 
found  out  this  in  out  Hops,  a  large  quantity  of  which 
have  been  afl'ected  by  mould,  so  that  the. fruit  has  been 
undeveloped  and  the  bines  not  worth  picking.  The 
same  effect  is  produced  amongst  Roses ;  the  buds 
become  mildewed,  and,  if  they  open  at  all,  are  poor, 
and  quite  out  of  character;  good  blooms  are,  how- 
ever, to  be  found  now,  and  especially  amongst  those 
where  there  is  a  preponderance  of  Tea  blood.  Cap- 
tain Christy,  La  France,  and  such-like  Roses,  are 
pretty  sure  to  be  good  autumnal  bloomers,  so  is 
Baroness  Rothschild,  while  many  are  uncertain,  and 
only  treat  us  now  and  then  to  a  good  bloom. 

But,  after  all,  the  Tea  Ruses  are  the  most  satisfa;- 
tory  of  all  for  this  purpose,  and  I  am  not  at  all 
surprised  at  their  increasing  popularity.  What  lovely 
blooms  of  Anna  Ollivier,  Marie  Van  Houtte,  Madame 
Lirabard,  Rubens,  and  many  others  one  can  get  all 
through  this  month,  where  anything  like  care  has  been 
bestowed  upon  them  ;  what  vigorous  shoots  they  throw 
up  from  the  ground  where  they  are  either  budded 
low  ot  on  their  own  toots.  Some  of  the  latet  varie- 
ties are  deeper  in  colour,  and  will  be  appreciated  by 
those  who  do  not  think  that  they  interfere  with 
the  delicate  form,  the  elegance  and  refinement 
of  the  Tea  Rose.  Such  flowers  as  Madame  Cusin 
and  Madame  de  Watteville  aie  sufficiently  deli- 
cate in  their  colouring,  but  Souvenir  de  The  e.e 
Levet  is  by  far  the  highest  coloured  of  them  all. 
Then,  to  those  who-  wish  for  such  flowers,  there 
are  the  hybrid  Teas,  such  as  Cheshunt  Hybrid, 
Reine  Marie  Henriette,  and,  if  we  may  believe  report, 
especially  American  Beauty.  This,  which  was  raised 
in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Bancroft,  the  historian,  is  said 
to  be  as  large  as  Paul  Neron,  combining  the  ever- 
blooming  qualities  of  the  Tea  Rose  with  the  fragranif 


SErTEMllER   25,    1S86,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


395 


of  Ihe  damask  ;    colour  tosy-red— so   says  Mr.   liuy- 
son,  of  Caen. 

Madame  Gabriel  Luizit  has  led  me  into  a  civtig- 
ing  path,  but  I  could  not  resist  writing  a  few  words 
about  these  fa/ourite  flowers.    Wihi  Kcse. 


NOVA    SCOTIA   APPLES. 

The  Apple  crop,  which  is  one  of  growing  import- 
ance, promises  to  be  very  satisfactory.  The  two 
counties  chiefly  devoted  to  this  industry  (or  the  supply 
of  the  English  market,  are  King's  and  Annapolis.  In 
ihe  former  there  will  be  nearly  an  average  crop  ;  but 
in  Annapolis  there  is  appearance  of  an  unusually 
fall  crop  of  fine  quality — the  most  promising  miiket 
sorts  being  apparently  Baldwin,  Northern  Spy, 
Gravens-tein,  Nonpareil,  Golden  Russet,  Rhode 
Island  Greening,  and  Ribston  Pippin.  In  those  two 
counties  there  has  not  been  so  much  extension  of  the 
orchard  area  a?  in  some  former  years,  but  more  atten- 
tion is  paid  to  culture,  so  as  to  produce  the  best 
possible  quality  of  fruit.  In  some  others,  however, 
n  it  hi'herto  recognised  as  fruit  counties,  the  forma' ion 
of  orchards  is  progressing  in  a  vigorous  manner. 

It  is  well  known  to  fruit  growers  that  certain  varieties 
bear  fu'l  crops  only  every  alternate  year  ;  other  cir- 
cumstances alTcct  the  crop,  so  that,  even  in  a  favourable 
year  there  may  be  a  small  crop  of  some  kinds  and  a 
l.nrge  crop  of  others.  The  indications  of  the  following 
returns  are,  that  there  will  be  a  rather  poor  showing 
of  \'ellow  Bellelleur,  which,  of  late  years,  has  been 
on  the  decline  ;  that  King  of  Tomkin's  County  i^  aUo 
decidedly  under  average;  that  the  liddwin  rind 
Northern  Spy  will  give  over  an  average  crop  of  tine 
quiliiy  ;  tlravenstein  and  Nonpareil  abundant  crops 
of  exceptionally  fine  quality;  Golden  Russet  decidedly 
good  ;  Rhode  Island  Greening  above  average,  and 
Ribston  Vippin  a  fair  average. 

Karly  Autumn  Fruit  Sent  to  Colonial  and 
Indian  ExiiiurriON. 
Arrangements  having  been  made  to  supplement,  by 
fresh  samples,  the  permanent  exhibit  of  Nova  Scoiian 
fruit  at  the  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  a  first 
shipment  for  this  purpose  was  made  at  Hali''ax,  per 
s.s.  Uliinda,  for  London,  on  August  14.  It  con- 
sisted of  the  following  varieties  :  — 


Appki 


Eaily  Ha-vest 
Suttm's  Ear  V 
Farly  Pough 
Ea-Iy  Red  Mar^aie 
Fed  A'itrachan 
Early  Joe 
Pet^f.ky 


ru:hc.sofOid-n^iir' 
Transpirent  Mo  cjw 
William,'  Farly 


Chebiic.o  Beauty 


Altxandcr 

Clapo' 

Favo 

J»rton 

rile 

Holbro 

k 

l\-aclies.  Civwa  in  Ihe  O/eit  Air. 

Piars. 

Osband's  Sumi 
R>  stizier 
Doycoi-4  d'E  . 


A  seconil  shipment  of  Nova  Scotian  fiuit  to 
the  London  Exhibition  was  made  at  Halifax  on 
August  30,  per  s.s.  A'rja  ScoHan,  for  Liverpool.  It 
consisted  o(  the  following  kinds,  and  will  be  followed 
by  other  shipments  as  the  later  varieties  ripen  :  — 


^///.-s 


Early  Williams 
Early  Joe 
Red  Astrachan 
Early  Bough 
Primate 

Duchess  of  Oldenbi.ra 
Chenango  Slrawberrj- 
Early  Red  Margaret 
Sutton's  Early 
Fourth  of  July 
Allison's  Early  Red 
Washington  Stmubcnv 
White  Astrachan  or  Ti 

parent  de  Moscovie 
Fall  Gcnclting 


M  ore's  Arctic 
Cllnestone  Dams 
Smith  s  Orleans 
Washington 
Prince  of  Wales 
Hamilton 

Clapp's  Favonriti 


George    Lawson,     O/rici 
Gm'ernmcnt  of  N'ova  Si 


Black  Doctor 
Chebucto  Beauty 
ATxander 
Ohio  Nonpareil 
Te  Rocas 
Drap  d'Or 
f.ravcnstein 
Maiden's  Blush 
Calkin's  Pippin 
Porter 
Early  River 


r.reen  Gage 
Vellow  Gage 
JefiersonJ 
Columbian  Gage 
Imperial  Gage 


liartlett 

Osband's  f  ummcr 
Burbidge 
Rossliven 
Kyrue's  Early 

;    for    Aj;ricu!l!i,e,     [lalijax 
otia,  Sef  Umber, 


BOTANIC  GARDEN,  CAM- 
HRIDGF. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  plant  now  in  flower 
is  Capparis  spinosa,  which  yields  the  Caper  of  com- 
merce. The  dark  green  roundish  leaves  combine 
with  large  white-petalled  (lowers  to  produce  a  pretty 
effect,  of  which  few  know  the  plant  to  be  capable.  It 
requires  rather  a  special  treatment,  a  brief  account  of 
which,  with  an  illustration,  will  shortly  be  given.  A 
specimen  of  Gunnera  manicata,  planted  on  the  margin 
of  the  pond,  has  this  year  reached  magnificent  pro- 
portions, which  much  exceed  those  given  by  Mr. 
Baker  in  his  account  published  in  your  issue  of  July  3, 
where  he  describes  Sir  George  Macleay's  specimen  as 
having  leaf-blades  4  feet  in  diameter,  and  quotes 
Libon's  statement  that  the  It.i'  attains  a  circumference 
of  5  metres.  Thelargest  leaf  is  6.^  feet  in  diameter,  while 
the  circumference  given  by  Libon  would  indicate  a 
diameter  of  about  5  feet  2\  inchef.  This  specimen 
has  twenty  leaves,  and  is  13  feet  6  inches  across.  It 
is  planted  about  15  inches  above  the  levtl  of  the  water, 
and  appears  to  enjoy  the  position.  Under  similar 
conditions,  in  the  hog  garden,  Sixifraga  peltata  is  al>o 
very  large.  It  is  6  feet  across,  and  the  leaves,  which 
are  very  numerous,  are  about  15  inches  in  diameter. 
On  the  borders  two  uncommon  annuals  have  for  some 
time  been  very  pretty.  The  one  is  Heliophila  pilosa, 
a  Crucifer,  rather  less  than  a  foot  high,  with  flowers 
bright  blue,  lending,  perhaps,  a  little  towards  violet. 
It  is  a  charming  plant.  The  other  annual  referred  to 
is  Chrysanthemum  muUicaule,  of  very  compici  habit, 
a  foot  high,  producing  innumerable  golden  llower- 
heads  rather  mire  th,m  an  inch  over.  It  blooms  pro- 
fusely  for  a  long  lime,  and  has  been  spoken  of  as 
suitable  for  bedding  purposes. 

In  the  houses  Nelumbium  luteum  has  again 
flowered  in  about  the  same  strength  as  b=fare.  Vitis 
pterophora  (V.  gongylodes)  is  now  floA-ering  freely, 
and  the  mistake  of  supposing  the  prtald  to  fall 
cohering  in  a  cip  is  clearly  evident.  Th:ry  invari- 
ably reflex  for  soaie  lime  before  falling  off.  As  the 
aerial  tubers  of  this  species  are  so  remarkable,  some 
have  been  kept  quite  dry  for  the  purpose  of  observing 
how  long  they  would  retain  their  vitality,  with  the 
result  that  they  are  found  to  grow  after  three  years 
keeping,  failing  the  fourth  year.  Eichornia  azurea, 
now  well  known  as  a  handsome  stove  aquatic,  has 
lately  flowered  efl'tictively  in  a  tub  —  the  only 
means  here  of  growing  such  a  plant  ;  it  was 
figured  in  these  columns,  p.  17,  January  2,  of 
this  year.  The  magnlti^ent  North  American 
Hibiscuses,  H.  Moscheutos  and  H.  roseus,  which, 
though  hardy,  do  not  fljwer  out-ofdoors,  have  this 
season  flowered  in  a  house  of  about  intermediate 
temperature,  where  they  have  been  so  effective  as  lo 
indicate  considerable  value  for  conservatory  decora- 
tion. These  species  flower  the  second  year  from 
seed,  and  as  they  are  rarely  seen,  attention  may  well 
be  directed  to  them.  iJoth  have  rose-culoured 
flowers  of  immense  size.  The  Mahogany  tree, 
(Swietenia  Mahogani)  it  may  be  well  lo  note,  has 
flowered  this  year,  as  in  cultivation  it  is  not  supposed 
to  do  so.  It  may  be  the  result  of  starving,  which  was 
tried  to  induce  the  production  of  flowers.  They  are 
so  small  as  to  be  quite  inconspicuous,  and  being 
green  are  not  easily  seen  among  the  leaves.  R>  Ir-i^'in 
Lynch 


TrEE3 


AND 


^HI^UBp. 


BERBERIS  VULGARIS. 
This  is  a  most  attractive  shrub  at  this  season  of 
the  year,  being  literally  covered  with  its  sprays  of 
pink  fruit.  It  is  alike  suitable  as  a  single  specimen 
on  turf  in  a  shrubbery,  or  amongst  a  collection  of 
other  shrubs  ;  but  being  of  a  drooping  habit,  it  shows 
to  better  advantage  as  a  single  specimen  on  turf  where 
space  can  be  afforded  it. 

COTONEASTER    FRIGIDA, 

This  is  also  another  very  useful  berry-bearing  shrub, 
which  is  now  in  its  full  beauty,  being  loaded  with  its 
large  scarlet  berries.  I  do  not  think  it  is  so  generally 
cultivated  as  it  deserves  to  be,  as  it  is  seldom  met 
with.  E.  Ward,  Hiwell  GarJens,  Bromsorove. 

The    Mvroeella  or   Cherry    Plum  as    a 
Fencing  Plant. 

About  forty  years  ago  the  late  Mr.  J,  W.  Ewing,  of 
Norwich,  introduced  into  NotfJk  and  advocated  IL? 


use  of  Prunus  Myrobalana  as  a  plant  with  which  lo 
form  fences.  It  is  claimed  for  it  ihat  it  will  grow  in 
almost  all  soils,  but  especially  those  of  a  light  sandy 
or  dry  stony  nature,  where  Whiteiboin  will  barely 
exist,  and  for  filling  up  gaps  in  old  Whitethorn 
fences  when  the  soil  has  become  exhausted  for  th- 
growth  of  Whitethorn  ;  and  it  also  grows  well  in 
boggy  soils.  But  it  is  necessary  lo  protect  it  from 
cattle  for  the  first  two  or  three  years  of  its  growth  ; 
and  it  should  be  kept  clear  of  weeds. 


GRAPES. 


Several  kinds  of  Grapes  were  shown  at  recent 
exhibitions  at  the  Royal  Horiiculiutal  Society,  and 
at  the  Crystal  Palace,  in  remarkably  good  condition, 
the  best  of  both  black  and  white  being  well  repre- 
sented. Among  blacks,  the  finest  bloom  and  finish 
was  apparent  in  the  Alnwick  Seedlings  as  staged  by 
several  growers ;  this  Grape  has  been  abused,  but 
will,  we  think,  hold  its  own  for  years  to  come,  being, 
when  well  ripened,  a  worthy  successor  to  the  late 
Black  Hamburghs.  It  requires  severely  thinning  when 
the  bunches  have  set  well,  the  advantage  in  respect  of 
which  was  obvious  in  the  2d  prize  lot  at  Kensington 
in  comparison  with  those  which  gained  the  1st  priz^, 
the  latter  being  much  packed  although  very  hand- 
some bunches  with  a  dense  bloom.  It  succeeds 
well  in  either  the  Muscat-house  or  with  Lady 
Djwnc's  in  the  late  vinery.  Gros  Miroc  has 
cime  well  lo  the  front  of  late;  ii  was  hardly 
so  well  finished  this  year  as  last,  but  still  grand  in 
lurry,  and  some  liae  bunches  loo  weie  staged.  This  is 
a  free  setting  kind,  also  requiring  to  be  thinned  very 
freely  in  order  to  allow  its  berries  room  for  develop- 
ment. Small  bunches  (to  all  appearance)  rf  Ihis 
(irape,  when  in  ils  earlier  stages,  grow  up  and  form 
handiotne  clusters.  It  does  well  with  Hambughs, 
and  forms  a  good  succession  theieto.  but  wants  as 
much  room  as  Muscats  to  develope  its  foliage. 

Gros  Colmar  is  not  seen  at  autumn  shows  so  much 
as  it  was  a  few  years  back.  Unless  grown  with 
Muscats  it  cannot  be  ripened  in  tinae,  being,  in  fact, 
a  winter  Grape,  at  ils  best  from  Christmas  onwards 
throughout  January,  and  does  not  compare  favourably 
with  either  of  the  aforenamed  kinds  for  autumn  use. 

Madresficid  Court  was  not  represented  by  su:h 
good  examples  at  either  show  as  we  have  seen  ;  ihe 
finest  bunches  shown  required  another  good  thinning 
to  show  up  the  proper  character  of  the  Grape, 
which  was  far  more  apparent  in  neat  bunches  that  did 
not  obtain  recognition.  When  the  thinning  of  this 
Grape  is  finished  the  best  way  is  to  go  over  the 
bunches  and  thin  them  again,  never  fearing  its  peculi- 
arity of  cracking.  This  failing  we  have  always  found 
to  be  either  entirely  prevented  or  reduced  to  a  mini- 
mum by  free  ventilation  when  commencing  to  colour. 
The  mist  limited  collection  should  include  at  least 
one  Vine  of  this  finely  flavoured  and  handsome 
Grape. 

Alicante,  a  deservedly  popular  kind,  easily  man- 
aged, and  invariably  finished  well,  was  again  shown 
in  first-rate  order.  It  seems,  however,  a  pity  to  see 
such  fine  bunches  cut  so  soon  in  the  autumn,  whilst 
Black  Hamburghs  and  Madresfield  Courts  are  in  good 
condition,  and  the  Alicante  itself,  with  few  excep- 
tions not  having  attained  to  its  peculiar  flavour. 

Black  Hamburghs  were  seen  better  earlitr  in  the 
season  than  shown  at  either  exhibition  ;  still  some 
good  examples  were  staged.  It  is  frequently  re- 
marked that  Hamburghs  are  not  shown  of  good 
colour.  Some  allowance  must,  however,  be  made  in 
this  case  when  any  comparison  is  made  between  this 
and  other  black  kinds  that  carry  such  an  intense 
bloom,  beyond  that  attained  with  rare  exceptions  by 
the  Hamburghs.  Then,  again,  since  the  introduction 
of  newer  kinds,  in  many  cases  without  doubt  ihe 
Hamburghs  have  been  subjected  to  a  higher  tempe- 
rature than  is  safe  for  them  wherein  to  finish  well. 
For  some  weeks  to  come  it  should  be  the  most  .sought 
after  of  any  black  kind  for  consumption. 

Lady  Uowne's  Seedling  was  shown  in  splendid  order 
at  the  Kensington  exhibition,  indeed  it  was  one  of 
the  most  attractive  classes  on  the  whole  of  any  indi- 
vidual kind,  and  the  majority  well  finished.  As  in 
the  case  of  Alicantes,  it  seemed  a  pi'.y  to  see  such 
fine  fruit  cut  now,  when  three  months  more,  at  the 
least,  should  be  allowed  to  elapse  before  they  are 
included  in  any  dessert. 

The  condition  in  which  Mrs.  Pince  was  sho'ivn  did 
not  speak  highly  for  the  kind,  on'y  one  or  two  lots 


39^ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  2$,  1886, 


being  presentable ;  neither  can  much  be  said  for 
Gros  Guillaume  or  Black  Prince,  in  fact  it  is  doubtful 
if  the  two  latter  kinds  are  worth  the  room  they 
occupy  in  any  vinery. 

Want  of  finish  was  the  prevailing  characteristic  of 
Muscat  Hamburghs ;  this  somewhat  Bckle  kind, 
although  of  fine  flavour,  does  not  appear  to  get  just 
the  treatment  it  needs  to  bring  it  out  in  first-rate 
condition. 

We  did  not  notice  that  finely  flavoured  autumn 
Grape,  West's  St.  Peter's.  It  is  worth  a  place  in 
any  late  vinery,  even  if  only  for  the  use  of  invalids, 
by  reason  of  its  refreshing  and  melting  character. 
It  is  the  "  invalid's  Grape  "  after  the  Black  Ham- 
burghs are  used  up. 

0(  white  Grapes  Muscat  of  Alexandria  is  pre- 
eminently the  best  of  its  class.  Shown  we  think  on 
the  whole  even  better  than  usual  this  season,  there 
seemed  to  be  an  absence  of  loose  bunches  with  traces 


coloured  examples  were,  however,  the  most  attractive 
on  the  whole,  and  more  in  character  with  the  kind. 

Duke  of  Buccleuch  was  shown  by  its  raiser  with 
berries  of  enormous  size  and  presented  a  grand  ap- 
pearance. In  its  class,  however,  its  cultivation  does 
not  seem  to  be  better  understood  than  a  few  years 
back!;  the  North  Country  growers  seem  to  succeed 
better  with  it  than  we  do  in  the  South.  Neither 
White  Tokay  nor  Trebbiano  are  worth  the  room  they 
take  up  when  compared  with  the  aforenamed  kinds, 
having  only  size  of  bunch  to  recommend  them. 

Golden  Queen,  when  well-finished,  is  a  handsome 
Grape,  but  this  rarely  is  the  case.  The  better  use  to 
make  of  it,  where  it  is  still  being  grown,  is  as  a  stock 
for  a  better  kind,  it  is  a  robust  grower,  and  as  such 
is  well  fitted  for  this  purpose.  Compared  with 
Foster's  Seedling  it  is  beaten  for  early  work,  whilst 
for  later  use  it  is  simply  nowhere. 

We  would,  in  conclusion,  like  to  inquire  if  there  is 


Paris,  under  the  personal  supervision  of  Mr.  Andre,  in 
whose  ofiice  our  young  countryman  is  now  studying. 

The  site  of  the  park,  which  occupies  100  acres,  is 
in  the  best  quarter  of  a  large  town,  and  the  land 
surrounding  it  on  two  sides,  Mr.  Jackman  has  judi- 
ciously marked  out  in  suitable  sized  plots  for  gentle- 
men's residences.  On  another  side  a  terrace  and 
crescent  is  marked  out  for  good  houses,  with  a  public 
garden  in  front  of  each,  which  will  be  planted  with 
flowering  plants  and  shrubs  and  choice  Conifers. 

The  whole  o!  the  park  is  surrounded  by  wide 
avenues,  and  the  park  entrances  are  placed  in  the 
most  convenient  positions  for  easy  access  from  the 
streets,  with  an  ornamental  lodge  to  each  (25),  which 
gives  a  pleasing  and  useful  appearance  to  the  park. 

The  style  which  Mr.  Jackman  has  adopted  is  a 
natural  undulating  surface,  as  being  the  most  pic- 
turesque, and  also  harmonising  best  with  the  sur- 
rounding country,  and  when  carried  out  gives  a  much 


Fig,   78, — PLAN  OF  A  PUBLIC  PARK, 


of  imperfect  fertilisation.  Solid  and  lumpy  bunches 
were  staged  at  both  shows,  and  of  that  rich  amber 
colour  so  much  sought  after  yet  not  attained  unto 
even  by  good  growers  in  some  instances,  A  few 
green  examples  were  seen,  but  they  were  the  excep- 
tion. When  will  exhibitors  of  Grapes  learn  to  leave 
their  produce  at  home  when  not  of  good  colour  for 
the  respective  kind  ? 

Next  in  point  of  place  we  would  name  Foster's 
Seedling,  some  remarkably  clean  and  clear  examples 
being  shown.  It  may  fairly  be  termed  every  one's 
white  Grape,  by  reason  of  its  hardy  constitution  and 
good  bearing  qualities. 

Buckland  Sweetwater  did  not  come  to  the  front  so 
strongly  in  our  opinion  as  the  former  kind.  It  is  very 
taking  when  well  done,  but  more  often  than  not  it 
is  shown  in  a  condition  far  past  its  best. 

Mrs.  Pearson  is  a  white  Grape  worthy  of  more 
extended  cultivation,  its  fine  appearance  and  rich 
Frontignan  flavour  should  recommend  it.  The  large 
ungainly  bunches  at  Kensington  seemed  to  find  most 
favour  with  the  judges ;  the  smaller  and  more  highly 


any  difi'erence  between  Gros  Maroc  and  Cooper's 
Black,  They  appear  to  be  one  and  the  same  thing  ; 
if  so,  the  sooner  the  latter  name  is  dropped  the  better. 

Vitis. 


LANDSCAPE   GARDENING, 

Those  who  visited  the  great  provincial  show  at 
Liverpool  must  have  noticed  among  other  exhibits  a 
plan  for  laying  out  a  public  park  of  100  acres  (fig.  7S), 
designed  by  Mr.  A.  G.  Jackman,  landscape  gardener, 
of  Woking,  which  obtained  the  highest  award. 

The  design  contains  many  high  qualities,  and  dis- 
plays throughout  that  good  taste  which  Mr.  Jackman 
has  acquired  during  the  time  he  studied  the  profession 
at  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Shaw  at  Manchester,  Mr. 
Pynaert  at  Ghent,  and  Mr.  Andr^  at  Paris,  the  latter 
gentleman  being  well  known  in  England  as  the 
designer  of  Sefton  Park,  Liverpool,  and  other  large 
gardens. 

The  plan  was  elaborated  by  Mr.  A,  G.  Jackman  in 


more  varied  appearance  to  the  park  !or  garden  than 
any  other  style,  and  makes  them  also  seem  much 
larger  than  they  are. 

The  site  chosen  for  the  park  is  undulating,  and 
consists  principally  of  meadows  and  grass  fields, 
except  on  the  west  side,  where  there  is  a  wood  with  a 
stream  rising  out  of  it,  and  flowing  down  through  the 
grounds,  which  Mr.  Jackman  has  taken  advantage  of, 
and  converted  into  two  ornamental  lakes,  which  form 
the  most  important  feature  in  the  park. 

The  large  lake  (2)  for  boating  and  skating  is  fine, 
with  its  two  well  planted  islands,  and  the  pavilions  and 
summer-houses  placed  in  the  most  prominent  places  for 
obtaining  views  over  the  different  parts  of  the  park. 
The  smaller  lake  (2)  for  birds,  &c.,  is  also  very  beauti- 
ful, with  its  waterfalls  and  rockwork  (17,  18)  in  ditier- 
ent  parts,  on  which  several  varieties  of  alpine  and 
aquatic  plants  can  be  grown.  Both  lakes  are  fed  by  a 
constant  supply  of  water  from  the  stream,  at  the  head 
of  which  is  a  magnificent  cascade  (16),  which,  being  in 
the  wood,  gives  it  a  very  natural  appearance.  A  few 
walks  with  rustic  bridges  (18)  across  the  stream  have 
been  made  so  as  to  get  good  views  of  the  waterfalls, 
rockwork,  and  other  scenery  round  the  lakes. 


September  25,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


397 


The  wood  Mr.  Jackman  has  retained,  but  he  has 
also  improved  it  by  openiDg  a  few  large  spaces  to 
obtain  vistas,  which  spaces  he  intends  to  be  used  for 
archery  or  other  amusements. 

Several  small  plantations  of  Firs  and  forest  trees 
have  been  made  in  different  places  of  the  park,  so  as 
to  harmonise  with  the  above  mentioned  part,  and  to 
vary  the  scenery.  All  the  shrubbries  are  raised,  and 
are  so  arranged  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  views. 

Another  feature  is  the  large  open  grass  spaces  (I, 
3,  4,  5,  6,  S,)  for  cricket  and  football,  which  may 
also  be  used  for  exhibitions  and  for  volunteer  grounds. 
The  raised  band  pavilion  (19),  and  also  the  refreshment 
pavilion  (20),  are  conveniently  placed,  with  large  trees 
planted  round  them,  with  seats  (24)  underneath  for 
shade  and  shelter,  and  to  enable  people  to  enjoy  the 
music  and  games,  and  take  refreshments.  The  other 
spaces  for  lawn-tennis,  croquet,  &c.,  are  well  designed, 
and  are  distributed  over  the  whole  of  the  park.  A  fine 
bowling-green  (7),  is  also  formed,  and  is  placed  in  a 
suitable  position,  with  every  convenience.  The  boys' 
and  girls'  playgrounds  (9,  10)  or  gymnasia  are  also  a 
good  introduction. 

The  flower  garden  (11),  with  large  fountain  in  the 
centre  (12),  and  statuary  placed  in  dilTerent  parts,  is 
very  pretty,  and  should  be  one  of  the  most  interesting 


neighbourhood.  When  the  cutting  was  obtained  the 
girl  made  a  hole  in  the  ground  with  a  poker,  and  in  it 
the  slip  was  planted.  The  soil  is  very  rich  about  the 
district,  and  Roses  are  generally  to  be  seen  on  the 
Manx  cottage  walls  at  Christmas  time.   Geo.  P. 


THE    SEED    HARVEST. 

So  far  as  returns  have  come  to  hand,  relating  both 
to  actual  and  probable  realisations,  it  would  appear 
that  the  seed  harvest  all  round  will  be  a  decidedly 
good  one,  but  much  will  depend  upon  the  character  of 
the  weather  during  the  next  fortnight.  That  the  pre- 
sent season  has  so  far  proved  favourable  to  the  matura- 
tion and  harvesting  of  the  seed  crops  there  can  be  no 
doubt ;  and  growers  are  earnestly  hoping  that  the  pre- 
vailing bright  sunny  weather  with  a  drying  atmosphere 
may  continue,  so  that  the  late  crops  (owing  to  a  retard- 
ing spring,  later  in  ripening  than  usual)  may  be  har- 
vested in  as  good  condition  as  the  early  ones. 

Peas,  generally,  are  well  secured,  and  are  reported 
to  be  of  excellent'quality,  with  only  a  few  exceptions, 


Lettuce,  and  Leek,  also  require  a  continuance  of  dry- 
ing, ripening  weather  to  ensure  good  growing  quality 
in  the  seeds  ;  and  growers  have  to  be  constantly  on 
the  watch  to  reap  at  the  right  time,  or  much  that  is 
promising  might  be  destroyed. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  how  much  depends  upon  a 
fine  dry  autumn,  and  especially  after  so  a  late  spring. 
The  grower  and  seedsman  alike  have  their  anxieties  : 
and  both  are  anxious  their  customers  should  have  the 
best  they  can  supply — seeds  plump,  of  good  growing 
power,  and,  as  far  as  human  means  can  compass  this 
end— of  the  highest  quality.  But  very  much  de- 
pends upon  Nature  being  in  a  mood  to  yield  to 
man  in  the  highest  form  "the  kindly  fruits  of  earth." 
Fisiim, 


"PrUIT      JMoTEg. 
— • — 

PE.\CHES  :    ALEXANDER  AND  AMSDEN. 

It  is  just  possible  that  Mr.  Markham  may  not  have 

the  above  true,  and  that  only  one  variety  has  been 


Fig.  79.— a  fuchsia  in  the  isle  of  man. 


features  in  the  park.  Flower  beds  are  also  placed  ifi 
several  parts  of  the  park,  and  give  it  a  very  bright 
appearance,  and  helpto  liven  the  shrubberies  up  greatly. 

As  no  park  can  be  considered  complete  without 
the  usual  means  of  propagating,  storing,  and  growing 
plants,  a  large  garden  has  been  formed  with  green- 
houses, gardener's  house,  sheds,  &c.  (27). 

From  an  announcement  in  another  column  it  will 
be  seen  that  Mr.  Jackman  was  placed  third  out  of 
eighteen  competitors  for  his  plan  of  the  public  park 
lo  be  constructed  at  Poole.  In  addition  to  the  refer- 
ences cited  in  the  text,  we  may  add  that  on  the  plan 
(13)  indicates  the  position  of  statuary,  (14)  Rhodo- 
dendrons, (15)  that  of  flower-beds,  (19)  the  band- 
stand, (21)  boat-house,  (22)  summer-houses,  (23) 
aquatic  birds,  (26)  retiring-rooms,  (28)  gardener's 
house,  (29)  greenhouses,  (30)  sheds. 


FUCHSIA  TREE  AT  BALLME 
HOUSE,  RAMSEY,  ISLE  OF  MAN. 
We  illustrate  above  (fig.  79)  a  large  Fuchsia,  F. 
magellanica  (coccinea),  which  is  15  feet  high,  and  has  a 
girth  of  80  feet.  This  tree  was  planted  either  in  the 
year  1834  or  1836  by  a  girl  at  that  time  in  the  service  of 
a  Miss  Judith  Christian,  the  then  owner  of  the  Ballme 
estate,  Fuchsias  being  at  that  time  somewhat  rare  in  the 


where  local  showers  did  some  damage,  but  these  ate 
decided  exceptions  to  the  general  rule.  The  yield  of 
Peas  is  above  the  average,  and  more  especially  is  this 
true  in  relation  to  the  wrinkled  varieties  ;  prices  will 
rule  extremely  moderate  in  consequence  compared 
with  some  dear  years,  with  the  probable  result  that 
the  wrinkled  Peas  which  have  already  done  much  in 
the  way  of  thrusting  the  old  round  kinds  out  of  culti- 
vation, will  be  now  more  extensively  grown.  The 
stocks  of  Peas  already  received  are  of  excellent  sample, 
and  it  is  believed  that  the  quality  of  the  colonial 
grown  Peas,  always  high,  will  be  quite  equalled  by 
those  grown  in  this  country. 

Samples  of  Broad  Beans  that  have  come  to  hand 
are  remarkably  good  for  colour  and  condition — they 
have  rarely  ever  been  surpassed. 

Turnip  seeds  of  various  kinds  have  been  well 
harvested,  and  it  is  reported  there  is  generally  a  fair 
average  crop. 

Onion  seed,  that  promised  well  in  the  early  part  of 
the  season,  is  much  weakened  owing  to  mildew  having 
largely  attacked  the  stems  in  some  localities,  and  if 
another  week's  fine  weather  continues  the  crop  will 
be  fully  ripened  :  on  the  other  hand  rain  would  have 
a  most  disastrous  effect  upon  it. 

Late  crops,  such  as  Beet,  Carrot,  Radish,   Parsley, 


sent  to  him.  I  admit  that  the  fruit  has  a  consider- 
able resemblance  when  ripe,  but  I  never  considered 
that  they  were  identical.  They  are  both  described 
very  fully  by  Dr.  Hogg,  in  the  Fruit  Manual.  The 
leaves  of  the  variety  Alexander  have  round  glands, 
and  those  of  Amsden  are  kidney-shaped.  We  grow 
both  of  them  in  pots,  but  if  there  is  room  for  one  only  I 
would  plant  Alexander  in  preference.  I  have  not  grown 
Waterloo,  but  I  believe  it  ripens  with  Alexander,  bears 
freely,  and  the  fruit  is  also  larger.  It  was  raised  at 
Waterloo,  New  York,  and  is  also  well  described  in  the 
last  edition  of  the  Fruit  Manual.  I  never  found  any 
difficulty  in  setting  the  blossoms  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Peach  ;  we  have  always  had  a  full  crop,  and  I  have 
grown  it  since  the  first  year  it  was  sent  out.  "  Vaga- 
bond "  omits  the  three  best  Peaches  in  cultivation  from 
his  list,  viz.,  Bellegarde,  Grosse  Mignonne,  and  Royal 
George. 

The  true  Early  Grosse  Mignonne  is  a  most  excel- 
lent early  Peach;  in  our  orchard-house  at  Loxford  Hall 
it  was  quite  ten  days  earlier  than  Grosse  Mignonne, 
although  not  quite  equal  in  quality  to  that  fine  variety. 
There  have  been  many  mid-season  Peaches  introduced 
during  the  last  few  years,  but  were  I  confined  to  two 
varieties,  they  would  be  Grosse  Mignonne  and 
Bellegarde. 


398 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[SErXEMBER  25.    1886. 


Autumn  Compote  Plum. 
I  should  like  to  say  a  few  words  in  favour  of  Ihis 
variety.  I  do  not  say  it  is  the  best  Plum  (or 
praservino;  or  for  any  other  culinary  purpose,  but  it 
is  as  good  as  any  known  to  me,  and  we  have  Cox's 
Emperor,  Vic'.oria,  and  Pond's  Seedling  growing 
with  it.  Its  great  value  is  in  the  fact  of  the  fruit 
ripening  about  the  end  of  September,  when  most  of 
the  large  Plums  are  over.  The  fruit  is  of  large  size, 
and  rather  paler  than  that  o(  Victoria.  It  succeeds 
Cox's  Emperor.  J.  Douglas. 


|lai[ista'    llauj^: 


ra. 


THE  AURICULA. 
I  HAVE  just  finished  the  second  repotting  of  the 
Auriculas.  Those  repotted  early  have  been  attacked 
by  aphis.  There  is  no  belter  cure  than  taking  the 
plants  out  of  the  pots,  forking  off  the  aphides 
with  a  pointed  stick,  and  repotting.  In  some 
collections  of  stove  plants  a  very  similar 
parasite  attaches  itself  to  the  roots,  sometimes 
entirely  covering  them  with  a  white  fluff.  It  can 
only  be  destroyed  by  constantly  repotting  the  plants, 
after  removing  as  much  as  possible  from  the  roots. 
I  have  never  seen  an  Auricula  injured  by  the  woolly 
aphis,  whereas  the  ordinary  greenfly  that  attacks  the 
leaves  would,  if  undisturbed,  kill  the  plants  in  a  few 
weeks.  The  hot  weather  up  to  the  first  week  in 
September  has  been  very  trying  to  show  Auriculas. 
The  plants  have  been  kept  tolerably  dry  at  the  roots 
to  prevent  their  blooming,  which  they  will  do  notwith- 
standing all  precautions.  Seedlings  from  seeds  sown 
last  autumn  or  in  the  spring  of  the  present  year  may 
be  potted  on  as  they  require  it.  The  alpines  out-of- 
doors  have  passed  through  the  warm  weather  ad- 
mirably ;  they  are  deep  green  in  the  foliaje,  and  have 
lost  few  leaves.  Caterpillars  and  the  leaiher-coated 
grub  are  troublesome  at  this  season  ;  but  their  destruc- 
tion is  one  of  the  incidents  of  everyday  experience. 

The  Carnation  and  Picotee. 
These  seem  to  appreciate  dry  hot  weather  with 
heavy  night  dews  ;  the  layers  have  made  exceedingly 
good  and  healthy  growth  in  our  garden  ;  and  they 
will  be  quite  ready  to  be  taken  nIT  the  last  week  in 
this  month  ;  but  if  the  operation  is  delayed  until 
October  it  will  not  make  any  ditference.  The  plants 
are  best  out-of-doors,  although  we  have  a  considerable 
number  under  glass,  left  there  to  protect  the  seed- 
pods  from  wet.  As  the  seed-pods  ripen  and  are 
removed  the  plants  are  at  once  turned  outside  ;  they 
are  in  an  open  position,  exposed  to  sun  and  wind. 
The  soil  is  prepared  now,  by  carefully  looking  over 
the  loam  and  manure  to  pick  out  from  it  all  grubs 
and  wireworms.  The  loam  used  to  pot  the  layers  in 
is  much  finer  that  that  for  potting  them  in  to  bloom  ; 
less  decayed  manure  is  used,  more  leaf-mould,  and  a 
larger  proportion  of  coarse  sand.  When  repotted 
place  the  plants  in  a  cold  frame,  the  lights  of  which 
must  be  kept  rather  close  by  day,  but  in  calm  nights 
they  are  drawn  oft  to  expose  the  plants  to  the  cool 
night  air,  and  to  allow  them  to  be  saturated  with 
dew.  Push  the  lights  on  again  in  the  morning  before 
the  leaves  are  quite  dried  by  the  sun  ;  tilt  the  lights 
a  little,  and  shade  for  a  few  hours  during  hot  sunshine. 
The  old  stools,  on  which  there  are  sure  to  be  a  few 
unrooted  layers,  may  be  planted  out  in  the  open 
garden,  or  be  given  away  to  friends  or  neighbours, 
who  may  have  room  in  their  gardens  for  them, 
J,  Douglas. 


fruit  with  us.  The  various  varieties  of  Ferns  are  now 
assuming  their  bright  autumn  tints,  hut  especially 
noticeable  is  the  Baech  Fern,  Polypodium  phegopteris  : 
this,  after  changing  to  a  bright  golden  colour,  remains 
for  some  time  like  this,  so  that  large  clumps  of  it,  as 
growing  here,  are  very  effective.  By  keeping  the 
rockery  all  picked  over,  and  removing  all  Fern  fronds 
as  they  get  unsightly,  this  department  will  be  kept 
attractive  for  some  few  weeks  yet  to  come.  Edward 
Ward,  Heiuell  Gardens^  Broinsgrovc, 


\tt^. 


At-TIIOUGH  the  rockery  does  not  wear  the  bright 
aspect  it  did  some  few  weeks  since,  yet  there  is  still 
much  to  attract  the  attention,  a;  the  autumn  Ericas 
are  now  in  fu'l  bloom,  of  which  I  give  the  names  : — 
Erica  vulgaris,  E.  Searii',  E.  carnea,  E.  vagans,  and 
E.  multiflora  alba.  Cotoneaster  microphylla  is  also 
covered  with  its  bright  scarlet  berries  :  planted  on 
the  high  part  of  the  rockery,  and  allowed  to  hang 
down,  it  is  very  effective.  Smi'ax  aspera  is  very 
Rtttattive  with  its  bright  foliage,  but  It  does  not  often 


Ijaiicleii. 


PROPAGATION. 
Verbenas  and  other  soft-wooded  plants  may  still 
be  propagated,  where  the  stock  is  deemed  insufficient, 
but  a  gentle  bottom-heat  will  now  be  necessary  to 
secure  success  with  them,  and  they  will  require  very 
careful  treatment  to  winter  them  successfully,  when 
propagation  is  so  long  deferred.  Those  struck  in 
July  and  the  beginning  of  August,  and  treated  on  the 
cool  principle  may  be  successfully  wintered  in  cold 
pits  with  a  covering  of  straw  or  mats  to  exclude  frost 
although  a  few  degrees  will  do  them  little  injury.  In 
order  to  accomplish  this  good  drainage  is  the  first 
essential,  say  6  or  8  inches  of  clinkers  surfaced  over 
with  coal-ashes.  The  pots  should  be  stood  on  boards 
as  close  to  the  glass  as  possible,  and  these  should 
be  elevated  on  flowerpots  to  allow  of  a  free  cir- 
culation of  air  beneath  the  pots.  The  points  of  the 
shoots  should  be  within  2  or  3  inches  of  the  glass. 
The  sashes  should  be  tilted  every  cool  day,  and  re 
moved  every  fine  day.  When  water  is  necessary, 
sufficient  should  be  given  to  moisten  the  whole  soil  in 
the  pots,  choosing  the  earliest  opportunity  on  a  sunny 
day,  when  the  sashes  can  be  left  oflf  so  that  the  super- 
abundant moisture  may  be  dried  up  as  far  as  possible 
before  it  is  necessary  to  close  the  pits  for  the  night. 
Should  the  nights  be  mild,  a  little  air  being  allowed 
will  serve  to  prevent  mildew.  Cuttings  of  Gazmia 
splendens  may  now  be  put  in  to  strike.  A  treatment 
similar  to  that  for  Violas  will  be  found  to  answer  for 
these,  as  the  plants  are  all  but  hardy.  An  old 
sash  and  a  little  straw,  or  an  old  mat  or 
two,  will  afford  all  the  protection  necessary  in  the 
severest  weather.  Bedding  Pelargoniums  may  still  be 
struck  from  cuttings,  but  they  will  be  better  under  the 
protection  of  glass  sashes  than  standing  out-of-doors, 
as  the  weather  is  not  to  be  depended  on  (or  a  single 
day  now. 

Calceolarias. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  month  it  will  be  necessary 
to  secure  a  stock  of  Calceolaria  cuttings  for  next 
year.  This  had  better  be  deferred  as  long  as  possible, 
but  it  should  be  attended  to  before  frosts  set  in,  as 
the  cuttings  are  more  subject  to  mould  if  they  have 
sustained  any  injury  to  the  foliage.  The  best  place 
to  strike  them  is  behind  a  wall,  facing  the  south  ;  the 
less  sun  the  plants  receive  during  the  rooting  process 
the  better.  Make  a  good  hard  bottom  of  ashes  and 
let  it  be  firmly  beaten  down.  On  this  place  the 
frame,  then  in  this  put  some  rough  leaf-mould,  to 
the  depth  of  \\  inch,  then  some  finer  leaf  soil,  with  a 
slight  addition  of  river  or  sharp  pit  sand,  finishing  off 
with  about  I  inch  of  pure  sand.  Prick  in  the  cuttings 
from  2  to  3  inches  apart  each  way,  give  a  good  sojk- 
ing  of  water  to  consolidate  the  whole,  shutting  up 
the  sashes  and  keeping  them  constantly  closed.  They 
will  require  no  more  till  they  are  ruoted.  If  the  sun 
is  prevented  from  striking  the  glass  (which  it  cannot 
do  if  thus  situated)  during  severe  frosts  they  will 
require  to  be  protected  with  mats  or  straw.  In  dry 
seasons  Calceolarias  are  very  unreliable  unless  they 
be  liberally  treated,  and  receive  due  attention  at  the 
proper  time.  Amplexicaulis  is  a  good  old  sort,  but 
diflferent  localities  have  their  most  suitable  kinds  to 
depend  upon.  What  suits  one  district  may  prove  a 
failure  in  another. 

Planting  Evergreen  Shrubs  and  Trees. 
This  may  now  be  satisfactorily  proceeded  with. 
The  heat  in  the  soil  at  this  season  of  the  year  will 
assist  in  the  formation  of  fresh  roots  before  the 
winter  sets  in,  and  the  plants  will  be  in  a  much  better 
condition  to  meet  the  parching  winds  of  March  than 
those  which  are  planted  during  winter.     Where  the 


soil  is  cold,  and  general  stagnation  prevails,  avoid 
slushing  the  roots  with  water,  as  this  will  retard  rather 
than  assist  root  action,  but  rather  dew  the  plants 
frequently  with  the  syringe  or  garden-engine.  Previous 
to  planting  let  the  soil  be  well  trenched  or  the  pits 
made  twice  or  thrice  as  lar^^easis  requisite;  no  plant  will 
thrive  in  a  thimble.  In  lilting  the  plants  preserve  as 
many  of  the  roots  as  possible,  and  secure  as  much 
ball  as  will  hang  to  the  roots  with  each.  The  plant- 
ing of  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  had  better  be 
deferred  till  the  bulk  of  the  leaves  have  dropped  off 
and  the  growth  of  the  present  season  matured. 

Lawns. 
In  order  to  maintain  a  neat  appearance  the  mow- 
ing machine  will  require  to  be  kept  going  and  the 
edge  clippers  should  be  freely  used.  Do  nut  use  the 
edging  iron  at  this  late  season  if  it  can  be  avoided, 
else  the  edges  will  crumble  down  with  the  frost. 
ICdgings  should  only  be  cut  to  preserve  uniformity  of 
width.  Turfing  may  now  be  undertaken,  and  all 
Plantains  and  other  weeds  may  be  removed  from 
lawns  as  opportunity  off'ers.  \V.  M.  Baillie,  Lulon 
Iloo  Gardens,  Luton, 


7hz  ^rchid   J4ougE3. 

ORCHIDS  IN  COOL  HOUSES. 

Repotting. — During  this  last  fortnight  we  have 
been  overhauling  our  specimens  of  OJontoglossum' 
crispum,  dipping  and  cleaning  the  plants,  washing 
the  pots,  and  removing  overgrown  moss.  I  do  not 
advise  clipping  of  the  latter  with  shears,  but  to  tesr 
it  away  rather  deeply,  rather  than  to  pinch  off  the 
green  heads.  My  reasons  for  doing  the  cleaning 
first  is  because  it  is  of  more  importance  than  the  pot- 
ting, and  should  be  finished  as  quickly  as  possible, 
or  the  insects  might  spread  from  the  plants  not 
cleaned  to  those  already  done. 

There  are  now  so  many  recipes  for  Otchid-dipping 
mixtures,  and  almost  every  grower  has  his  own 
favourite  one,  but  none  are  so  infallible  as  to  prevent 
the  insects  spreading  to  the  plants  again.  Very  few 
insecticides  that  are  used  cold  will  injure  the  plant.s, 
if  not  left  on  too  long  before  thoroughly  washing  off 
with  rain-water.  After  the  cleaning  is  done  the 
potting  should  be  commenced,  as  I  still  think  the 
autumn  the  best  time  for  this  operation.  If  those 
plants  that  were  shaken  clean  out  last  season  and 
then  replaced  into  much  smaller  pots  have  made 
plenty  of  roots,  and  appear  too  large  for  their  pots, 
they  may  be  shifted  into  larger  ones,  disturbing  the 
roots  as  little  as  possible,  keeping  the  weaker  bulbs 
of  the  plant  closer  to  the  side  so  as  to  place  the 
leading  growths  near  the  centre.  Those  plants  that 
require  to  be  freed  thoroughly  from  the  old  potting 
material  should  have  all  their  dead  roots  cut  away. 

In  selecting  a  pot  I  never  provide  against  the  plants 
growing  over  the  sides,  as  I  believe  many  are  made 
unhealthy  through  over-potting,  but  take  one  just 
large  enough  to  hold  the  roots  comfortably,  draining  it 
with  clean  crocks  for  about  two-thirds  its  depth,  then 
place  a  layer  of  sphagnum  moss,  above  that  a  few 
lumps  of  good  fibrous  peat,  afterwards  using  about 
two-thirds  moss  to  one-third  peat.  Fill  the  pots 
nearly  to  the  rim  before  placing  the  plants  on  it,  then 
spread  the  roots  around,  putting  a  few  lumps  of  com- 
post under  the  plant  to  raise  it  to  the  desired  height. 
After  the  potting  is  finished  clip  the  surface  over, 
and  then  set  a  few  live  heads  of  sphagnum  about  over 
it.  The  potting  should  be  done  very  lightly,  only 
pressing  the  compost  firm  enough  to  steady  the 
plants.  We  shake  a  little  very  coarse  sand  on  the 
surface,  which  gets  washed  in  when  watering.  From 
the  time  of  potting  until  the  spring  the  surface  and 
the  pots  should  be  kept  damp,  using  a  fine  rose 
syringe,  after  which  time  the  watering-pot  can  be 
used.  Give  the  plants  as  much  light  as  possible 
without  letting  the  sun  actually  shine  on  them. 

Masdevallias. 
The  month  of  September  is  a  good  time  to  break 
up  and  re-pot  M.  Harryana  and  its  varieties,  M. 
Lindeni,  M.  Veitchii,  or  any  that  are  not  coming 
into  flower.  Here  the  plants  are  treated  much  the 
same  as  the  Odontoglossums.  In  potting  they  re- 
quire less  drainage  ;  we  fill  the  pot  one-third  with 
crocks,  mixing  a  few  with  the  potting  material,  the 
peat  is  broken  up  rather  smaller  than  for  Odonto- 


September  2$,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


399 


glossums,  and  mote  of  the  earthy  matter  is  retained. 
A  coinpost  might  be  mixed  before  commencing  pot- 
ting, of  equal  parts  moss  and  peat»  which  can  be 
used  about  the  roits  of  the  plants,  but  finishing 
the  surface  with  larger  pieces  of  peat  and  sphag- 
num moss  not  mixed  beforehand.  I  have  used 
for  Masdevallias  of  late  years  some  half-rotten 
Oak  leaves  rubbed  through  a  sieve  ;  this,  I  believe, 
benefits  the  plants,  but  still  there  is  the  risk  of  getting 
fungus  in  the  pots.  We  also  use  a  little  coarse  sand, 
as  for  Odontoglossuras.  When  turning  out  a  Mas- 
devallia  to  pot  it,  my  practice  is  to  divide  the  plants 
into  smaller  pieces  without  the  use  of  a  knife  ;  after 
cutting  away  dead  roots,  tie  a  small  stake  to  some  if 
not  all  the  pieces,  keeping  the  crowns  a  little  above 
the  rim  of  the  pot  ;  select  the  longest  leaves  for  the 
centre,  and  as  the  plant  is  put  together  place  some 
moss  and  peat  between  each  piece,  keeping  them  all 
firm.  If  we  have  a  plant  of  an  extra  large  si/e  that 
requires  a  pan — say,  over  2  feet  diameter— I  adopt  the 
practice  of  placing  the  pieces  a  few  inches  apart. 
After  potting  take  care  not  to  let  water  touch  the 
young  growths,  for  during  the  period  of  small  root- 
action  they  soon  rot  if  wetted.  Give  them  moisture 
in  the  same  manner  as  recommended  for  Odonto- 
glossums.  Masdevallias  should  never  be  allowed  to  get 
dry  at  the  root  at  any  time.  Before  potting  the  plants 
they  should  be  all  dipped  and  cleansed  from  insects,  so 
that  there  shall  be  no  need  to  disturb  them  some  time 
after.  The  cool  houses  will  now  be  closed  at  night, 
and  the  shadings  should  not  be  used  more  than  is 
really  necessary ;  we  have  taken  it  off  the  Dendrobium- 
houses  and  the  north  sides  of  warm  houses.  C,  Wool- 
ford^  Doiunside, 


"PlAJ^T3  and  their  f!uLTUF(E. 


C  O  .\  S  E  R  V  A  T  O  R  V . 
The  removal  of  stove  and  intermediate  plants  to 
their  proper  quarters  divests  this  structure  of  its  chief 
ornaments.  Fine-foliage  and  flowering  plants  of  a 
more  hardy  character  should  now  be  put  in  their 
places  :  these  include  Dracaenas,  Palms,  Grevilleas, 
Ferns.Celosias,  Fuchsias,  Salvias,  Tuberoses,  Godetias, 
zonal  Pelargoniums,  Begonias,  Mignonette,  Petunias, 
&c.  ;  when  these  are  arranged  with  taste,  they  make  a 
nice  display.  If  any  stove  plants  are  still  in  this 
house,  they  must  be  treated  with  great  care  as  regards 
watering  ;  if  this  is  reduced,  and  the  ventilators  oppo- 
site to  where  they  are  staged  be  kept  closed,  they  will 
not  be  hurt  for  a  few  days.  Go  over  trailers  and 
creepers  :  thin  out  the  shoots,  slop  the  laterals,  and 
pick  off  the  dead  foliage.  If  these  plants  be  left 
alone,  they  very  soon  shut  out  the  light  from  the 
occupants  below,  which  soon  suffer  in  consequence. 

Ferns. 
These  will  now  be  gradually  getting  to  a  quiet 
state  of  growth,  and  will  require  less  watering,  but 
they  should  not  be  allowed  to  become  very  dry. 
Place  all  plants  of  Gymnogramma  and  Cheilanthes 
in  a  dry  atmosphere,  or  they  will  soon  turn  rusty  ; 
all  deciduous  kinds,  whether  stove  or  intermediate, 
should  be  placed  in  the  coolest  part  of  the  house, 
but  on  no  account  let  them  get  dry,  or  they  will  be 
found  to  be  very  weakly  in  the  spring.  Any  plants 
of  Gleichenias  that  have  been  in  cool  houses  will 
require  to  be  placed  in  warmer  quarters  (or  the  winter, 
and  such  species  as  are  subject  to  thrips,  which 
include  Lomarias,  Woodwardias,  and  a  few  others, 
should  be  closely  watched  in  order  that  they  may  not 
get  disfigured,  which  they  soon  do  should  the  pests 
once  get  a  lodgment  on  them.  The  quickest  and 
most  effectual  way  to  gel  rid  of  thrips  is  to  dip  the 
plants  in  rather  strong  tobacco-water,  but  in  no  case 
should  this  be  done  unless  the  fronds  are  matured.  A. 
Evans,  l.ythc  Hill,  Hasleiiiere. 


J4aRDY    "pRUIT    'QaRDEJ^. 


GENERAL  WORK. 
The  bright  sunny  weather  experienced  for  the  past 
week  has  been  most  favourable  for  the  ripening  of 
late  fruits,  and  the  change  which  has  occurred  in  the 
colour  of  the  wood  on  wall  Peaches,  &c. ,  under  its 
influence  shows  clearly  that  it  has  done  a  vast  amount 
of  good  in  this  direction.     Morello  Cherry  and  Peach 


trees,  &c.,  from  which  the  fruits  are  now  cleared, 
should  occasionally  receive  a  thorough  washing  with 
the  garden  engine  so  long  as  the  bright  weather  lasts, 
and  this  should  take  place  early  enough  in  the  day  to 
allow  the  trees  to  gel  dry  ere  nightfall.  A  1  ne«Iy 
made  growths,  especially  on  choice  Pears,  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  &c.,  should  be  kept  persistently  pinched 
out,  in  order  that  every  available  ray  of  sun  may 
reach  the  fruiting  wood.  Any  Peach  tree?,  i.S:c., 
which  seem  to  have  made  too  much  fruiting  wood, 
and  more  than  is  really  r.-quired  for  next  year's 
service,  should  have  part  of  it  cut  away  at  once.  It 
is  very  rarely  we  see  the  wood  of  outdoor  Peach  trees 
trained  out  so  thinly  as  it  ought  to  be.  In  the  case 
of  fruit  trees  which  have  been  unfruitful  during  the 
past  season,  and  in  which  the  result  may  be  attri- 
buted to  an  over-vigorous  growth,  this  is  the  time, 
before  the  soil  gets  into  too  wet  a  condition,  to 
proceed  with  root-pruning.  No  hard  and-fast  rule 
can  be  laid  down  for  the  execution  of  this  kind  of 
work,  but  the  case  of  each  tree  must  be  studied 
and  treated  according  to  the  number  and  quality  of 
its  roots  and  the  size  o(  the  tree.  The  proper  way 
to  proceed  with  root-pruning  has  been  many  times 
detailed  in  these  columns,  and  there  remains  but 
little  to  add  ;  however,  I  may  say  when  carrying  out 
the  work  make  certain  that  all  gross  roots  taking  a 
downward  course  immediately  beneath  the  ball 
are  severed,  otherwise  all  the  labour  of  excavating 
the  soil  round  the  ball  may  have  been  undertaken 
in  vain.  The  workman  must  have  a  good  wide 
trench  round  the  outside  of  the  ball,  and  of  sufficient 
depth  to  enable  him  to  work  his  spade  well  under  the 
bail  of  soil  containing  the  roots  to  be  pruned.  It 
is  better  to  err  on  the  safe  side,  and  root-prune  a  tree 
two  years  in  succession,  than  to  overdo  it,  thereby 
causing  a  sudden  check,  such  as  the  tree  would  not 
sufliciently  recover  from  to  enable  it  to  carry  fine 
fruit  for  several  years  afterwards.  Any  old  worn-out 
trees  on  walls  should  be  grubbed  up  as  soon  as  the 
fruit,  if  any,  is  gathered,  and  fresh  soil  procured  at 
once  in  readiness  for  planting  new  ones.  The  state 
of  the  old  soil  and  other  circumstances  will  indicate 
whether  the  drainage  already  present  is  sufficient  or 
otherwise.  When  planting  young  trees  in  old  worn- 
out  soil  excavate  at  least  a  cartload  of  it,  and  replace 
with  good  virgin  loam  if  possible.  Before  planting  the 
young  trees  the  re-pointing  of  the  wall  should  be  done, 
if  necessary,  not  only  in  order  to  destroy  all  harbours 
for  insects,  but  to  preserve  the  wall  in  a  good  state. 

Gathering  Fruit. 
Fiaits  of  late  Peaches,  Figs,  Plums,  &c.,  when 
gathered,  should  be  placed  in  a  warm  dry  house  for 
several  days  before  being  sent  up  for  dessert.  Con- 
tinue to  gather  Apples  and  Pears  as  the  different 
varieties  become  ready,  being  careful  not  to  place  too 
many  fruits  together  when  conveying  them  to  the 
fruit-room.  All  fruits  which  are  the  least  pecked  by 
birds  should  be  kept  apart  for  immediate  use.  Hard 
Pears  in  this  condition  are  adaptable  for  stewing 
purposes,  whether  they  are  stewing  varieties  or  not  ; 
keep  the  fruit- room  as  cool  as  possible,  by  the  aid  of 
shutters  partly  closed  either  inside  or  outside  the 
windows.  In  the  absence  of  these,  mats  may  be 
hung  up,  which  will  answer  the  purpose  well.  If  the 
fruit-room  is  not  damp,  no  air  will  be  required.  G. 
ff,  Richards,  Soincrlcy,  Rin^wood. 


I.ETTL'CE    AND    ENDIVE. 

Some  portiSn  of  the  latest  sown  plants  can  be 
drawn  from  the  seed  beds  and  pricked  out  singly  on 
to  raised  beds  in  sheltered  positions  ;  into  cold  frames 
or  underneath  the  shade  of  walls,  where,  if  necessary, 
some  protection  can  be  afforded  them  during  severe 
frosts  in  winter. 

Towards  the  middle  of  rext  month  Lettuce  fit  for 
use  should  be  lifted  with  good  balls  attached  to  them, 
and  planted  into  cold  frames  near  the  glass,  and  as 
thickly  together  as  possible  without  touching  each 
other.  After  receiving  sufficient  water  to  settle  the 
plants  in  their  new  positions,  all  the  air  possible  should 
be  given  by  removing  the  lights  entirely,  as  often  as 
possible,  closing  them  only  during  rain  or  frost. 
Where  frame  accommodation  is  limited  or  wanting,  a 
temporary  bed  of  ashes  spread  in  a  sheltered 
corner,  or  against  a  south  wall,  with  some  pro- 
vision    to     throw     oft    heavy    rains    and    exclude 


frosts,  will  suffice  for  the  planting  and  storing 
of  full  grown  Lettuces,  and  considerably  prolong  the 
supply.  Full  grown  curled  Endive  should  also  be 
lifted  and  treated  in  a  similar  manner  to  L-ttuce,  and 
when  stored  on  ash  beds  a  portion  can  be  tied  up 
and  plunged  deep  enough  to  bleach.  Bitavian 
Endive,  being  more  liable  to  decay,  should  if  possible 
have  frames  placed  over  the  most  forward  plants 
where  they  have  been  grown,  or  have  flower-pots 
placed  over  them,  which,  in  the  event  of  ftost,  can  be 
protected  by  bracken  or  straw  litter.  Whenever 
Endive  or  Lettuce  is  covered  or  tied  up  for  bleaching 
purposes,  it  is  most  essential  that  both  should  be  in  a 
dry  condition  at  the  time,  and  also  that  all  frames 
containing  the  same  should  be  kept  well  aired,  and 
all  decayed  leaves  removed  a',  once. 

Cauliflower. 
Provision  should  also  be  made  for  these  by  pricking 
out  into  good  soil,  in  frames  near  the  glass,  young 
plants  of  Early  London,  Walcheren,  and  Veitch's 
Autumn  Giant,  to  stand  through  the  winter :  a  portion 
also  may  be  transplanted  on  to  beds,  where  they  can 
when  necessary  be  hooped  over  and  matted  ;  hand- 
lights  being  available  for  the  purpose,  should  be 
placed  in  position  at  a  distance  from  each  other  suf- 
ficient to  allow  of  the  easy  removal  of  the  lights  for 
giving  air,  &c.  O.i  a  piece  of  ground  which  has  been 
well  manured  from  six  to  eight  plants  may  be  a!lo!t-;d 
to  a  light  until  spring,  when  finally  four  only  should 
be  allowed  to  remain,  the  surplus  ones  being  used  for 
filling  up  blanks  and  additional  plantings.  After  the 
plants  have  recovered  the  check  of  moving,  and 
during  the  winter,  they  should  be  exposed  as  much  as 
possible  whenever  the  state  of  the  weather  will  permit, 
to  render  them  firm  and  hardy  ;  an  occasional  dusting 
of  soot  or  lime  followed  by  a  surface  stirring  between 
the  plants  with  a  hand-fork,  will  tend  to  keep  slugs  in 
check,  and  the  soil  in  a  healthy  and  sweet  condition. 

French  Beans. 
Another  good  sowing  in  pots  should  now  be  made. 
A  cold  frame  will  sufiice  at  present  and  until  the 
seeds  germinate,  when  they  can  be  removed  into  a 
warmer  temperature.  Those  sown  as  advised  in  a 
former  Calendar  should  now  be  top-dressed  and  put 
under  glass.  Late  sowings  on  outside  borders,  and 
which  are  now  coming  into  bearing,  can  be  easily 
protected  from  early  frosts  and  the  supply  prolonged 
by  forming  a  rough  trellis  with  stakes  sufficiently  high 
and  strong  to  bear  a  light  covering  of  tiflany  or  mats 
at  night. 

Cucumbers. 

Encourage  the  plants  intended  for  winter  fruiting 
to  cover  the  trellis  allotted  them  by  maintaining  a 
brisk  growing  temperature,  and  by  the  addition  of 
fresh  soil  at  the  roots.  Avoid  overcrowding  of  the 
foliage,  allowing  suflicient  space  lor  each  leal  to  fully 
develope  itself.  Air  should  be  given  gradually  and 
freely  during  bright  sunny  days,  care  being  taken  in 
doing  so  to  prevent  the  plants  from  drooping  ;  a  liitle 
air  can  also  be  given  on  mild  nights  through  the  top 
ventilators,  unless  the  fruits  are  required.  Keep  1  he 
blooms  removed  as  fast  as  they  appear.  Plants 
fruiting  in  dung  frames  will  require  additional  linings, 
and  should  be  closely  matted  at  night.  John  Austin. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Androsace  lanuginosa,  Garden,  July  31. 

Brassavola  Digbyana,  Orchid  Album,  t.  241. 

CattlevaTrian.e  Massangeana,  Orchid  Album, 
t.  342. 

CrassULA  Schmidti,  Kegel,  Garlenflora,  t. 
1225. — Leaves  linear,  succulent;  flowers  small,  red. 
South  Africa. 

Gardenia  citriodora,  Revue  Horlicole,  August  I. 

Iris  Rosenuachiana,  Regel,  Garlenjhra,  t. 
J227.  — The  prettiest  Iris  of  the  Xiphion  section; 
discovered  by  Albert  Kegel,  in  Turkestan.  Two 
varieties,  one  blue  the  other  violet,  are  figured. 

L.llia  superbiens.  Orchid  Album,  t.  244  ;  Revue 
Horlicole,  July  16. 

Masdevallia  Ra;zLll  superbum,  Orchid  Album, 
t.  243. 

Rhododendron  Smirnowi,  Garlenflora,  t. 
1226.  —  Flowers  small,  funnel-shaped,  red.  Caucasus. 

Rhododendron  Ungerni,  Garlenflora,  t.  1226. 
—Flowers  white.     Caucasus. 

Saxifraga  Stracheyi  var.  alba,  Garlenflora, 
August,  t.  1228, 


400 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[September  25,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

(•Sale  or  I 

Monday,        Sept.  27  I     Room; 

(  Sale  of  1 


r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  ft  Mori 

.  Jale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  at  Stevens'  Rooins. 
WbdnsSDAY,  Sept.  29  —Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  at  Stevens'  Rootns. 


[  Sale    of   Imported    Orchids  from    Mr.    I- 

THiTRiinAv      *;,.nt   M  J      SandcF,  at  Stevens'  Roomr 
IHURSOAY,     Sept.  30  -(  5^1^  ^,  ^'^j^^  g^. 


Friday, 
Saturday, 


Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Sale  of  Established  and  Flowering  Orchids, 


I  Sale  of  l)ul 
I  <       Rooms. 
I  Sale  ol  Du! 


tch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms 


THE  harvest  of  the  Tobaccos  at  Forest  Hill 
was  commenced  by  Messrs.  James  Car- 
ter &  Co.  on  the  iSth  inst.  The  two  or  three 
cold  nights  previously,  with  rumours  that  3°  or 
4°  of  frost  had  been  registered  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, induced  Mr.  C.  H.  Sharman— who  from 
the  very  first  has  taken  a  deep  mterest  in  the 
results  of  the  Tobacco  trial — to  commence  cut- 
ting the  crop.  A  beginning  was  not  made  until 
past  4  o'clock,  owing  to  Mr.  Sharman  having 
been  detained  in  London,  but  a  band  of  a  dozen 
labourers  soon  laid  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  crop 
low.  Mats  were  laid  upon  the  soil,  and  then, 
by  the  use  of  a  strong  knife,  the  stalk  was  cut 
through  close  to  the  roots  after  the  plant  had 
been  bent  a  little  on  one  side  by  the  left  hand  ; 
the  plants  were  then  laid  carefully  on  their  sides 
on  the  mats  in  a  line,  and  a  further  layer  of 
mats  placed  over  them.  The  remainder  of  the 
crop  was  cut  on  Monday,  and  the  plants  got 
under  cover  on  that  and  the  next  day.  So  far 
the  weather  has  favoured  the  proper  ingathering 
of  the  crop,  and  the  leaves  were  rapidly  begin- 
ning to  take  on  a  tint  of  greenish-gold,  which  is 
said  to  indicate  the  proper  time  to  harvest. 

A  commodious  barn  close  by  has  been 
engaged  for  the  "  curing  "  process.  This  is  un- 
dertaken by  an  expert,  and  the  result  will  be 
watched  with  great  interest,  especially  in  the 
immediate  locality,  where  the  culture  of  such 
an  unusual  crop  in  this  country  may  prove  to 
be  an  event  of  the  highest  importance.  A  light 
wooden  framework  is  fitted  up  in  the  barn,  and 
when  the  plants  are  taken  there  they  will  be 
fastened  to  stakes  5  feet  or  so  in  length,  as 
many  as  can  be  conveniently  attached,  the  base 
upwards,  so  that  the  leaves  can  hang  down- 
wards ;  and  these  stakes  will  be  placed  on  the 
framework  so  that  they  can  be  supported  at 
each  end,  and  here  the  leaves  will  gradually 
dry.  It  is  said  that  artificial  heat  will  have  to 
be  introduced  for  three  or  four  days  at  least,  to 
ensure  that  the  drying  process  is  complete. 
How  long  the  process  of  "  curing  "  will  occupy 
remains  to  be  seen  ;  probably  much  will  depend 
upon  the  character  of  the  weather  in  the  next 
two  months.  The  proper  curing  of  the  leaves 
is  undoubtedly  the  most  important  point — on 
that  will  depend  the  commercial  value  of  the 
experiment.  Various  sorts  of  Tobacco  have 
been  grown  in  this  country  for  years  past  for 
garden  ornament  :  we  have  yet  to  learn  whether 
it  can  be  made  a  profitable  crop  in  this  country 
for  manufacturing  purposes. 

As  a  matter  of  course.  Tobacco  being  an 
article  subject  to  excisable  duties,  the  require- 
ments of  the  Excise  officer  have  to  be  con- 
sidered and  obeyed  in  all  stages.  So  far  this 
official  appears  to  be  acting  in  perfect  harmony 
with  Mr.  Sharman,  and  there  is  little  fear  of 
any  official  restrictions  interfering  with  the 
perfect  harvesting  of  the  crop. 

Presuming  that  the  curing  process  is  carried 
out  in  a  satisfactory  manner  Mr.  Sharman 
is  hopeful  that  the  yield  will  average  at  least 
a  ton  per  acre.  This  must  of  necessity  be  a 
rough  guess,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  it  will  not 
be  much  below  the  quantity  hoped  for.  When 
the  curing  process  is  complete  the  crop  will 
pass  into  the  hands  of  a  Liverpool  firm  for 
manufacturing  purposes. 

Altogether  seventeen  varieties  of  Tobacco 
were  tried,  and  to  make  the  experiments  as 
complete  as  possible  the  very  best  varieties 
were  obtained  from  the  most  reliable  sources. 


The  names  of  the  varieties  are  Big  Frederick, 
Can-seed  Leaf,  Connecticut,  Florida,  Glasner, 
Havannah,  Hester  Virginia,  Island  Broadleaf, 
Kentucky,  Maryland  Broadleaf,  One  Sucker, 
Pennsylvania,  Virginian,  White  Burleigh,  White 
Stem,  Yellow  Orinoco,  and  Yellow  Prior.  The 
seeds  were  sown  in  heat,  the  plants  grown  on 
into  size  and  planted  out  in  rows,  being 
about  2  to  2i  feet  apart  each  way.  A  good 
dressing  ol  manure  was  given  to  each  plant 
when  placed  in  the  ground,  but  though  they 
grew  very  strongly,  they  appear  to  have  assimi- 
lated only  a  portion  of  it  ;  and  each  plant  was 
helped  by  having  a  small  mound  of  earth 
drawn  up  about  the  roots.  At  a  certain  stage 
the  flowering  stalks  were  cut  away,  leaving  the 
plants  to  develope  and  mature  on  an  average 
nine   large   basal   leaves   each.      In    point    of 


height  of  growth  there  was  but  little  perceptible 
difference,  and  the  sameness  of  character  applies 
equally  to  the  blossoms. 

The  group  of  seventeen  varieties  could  be 
divided  into  two  distinct  types— one  with  dark, 
somewhat  pendent,  and  distinctly  corrugated 
leaves,  especially  on  the  margins  ;  the  other 
with  paler,  smoother,  and  semi-erect  leaves, 
quite  hiding  the  stalk  from  view.  The  last  type 
resembles  in  growth  the  prickly  Comfrey. 
The  varieties  composing  it  are  Glasner,  Island 
Broadleaf,  Kentucky,  Pennsylvania,  and  White 
Burleigh.  A  few  of  the  finest  for  gardening 
ornamentation  are  found  in  Big  Frederick, 
Glasner,  Island  Broadleaf,  Kentucky,  White 
Burleigh  ;  the  two  last-named  greatly  resemble 
each  other,  they  have  white  midribs  to  the 
leaves,  and  appear  to  be  both  early  in  matur- 
ing ;  and  Yellow  Prior.  Altogether  there  were 
sixty-four  rows  of  plants,  and  about  sixty  plants 


The  piece  of  ground  planted  appeared  to  in- 
clude three  different  kinds  of  soil  :  at  the  upper 
portion  was  a  gravelly  soil,  next  came  a  good  and 
rather  dark  loam  ;  and  the  lowest  portion  (for 
the  plot  of  ground  fell  away  from  the  south-west 
to  the  north-east)  was  bog,  and  rather  moister 
than  the  rest.  But  as  each  row  passed  athwart 
the  ground,  some  of  the  plants  of  each  variety 
were  growing  in  each  character  of  soil ;  but  the 
difference  of  development  was  only  slightly  per- 
ceptible, the  strongest  and  best  developed 
generally  were  in  the  loam. 


The  announcement  of  the  possible  destruc- 
tion of  one  of  the  very  rarest  and  most  interest- 
ing of  British  plants  (Spiranthes  Romanzoviana) 
made  in  one  of  our  recent  issues,  is,  unfortu- 
nately, a  matter  little  likely  to  interest  Home 
Rulers  or  peasant  proprietors  ;  but  the  Irish 
division  of  the  British  nation — still  more,  the 
Irish  nation  —  might  well  take  measures  to 
prevent  the  eviction  of  so  distinguished  a 
citizen,  and  one  m  whose  protection  and  per- 
petuation the  Irish  might  be  expected  to 
take  special  pride.  The  plant  is  one  Httle 
likely  to  interest  the  Floral  Committee 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and  the 
Scientific  Committeee,  who  naturally  would  feel 
more  keenly  on  the  subject,  could  only  protest. 
The  authorities  at  Kew,  who  were  invoked  to 
come  to  the  rescue,  could  hardly  interfere  to 
better  avail.  Meantime  we  place  a  practical 
proposal  from  the  other  side  of  Europe  at  the 
disposal  of  those  concerned  in  the  honour  and 
scientific  welfare  of  Ireland.  M.  Naudin,  the 
accomplished  head  of  the  rich  botanic  garden 
at  Antibes,  thus  writes  : — 

"I  read  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  September  11, 
p.  340,  the  regret  expressed  concerning  the  destruc- 
tion of  this  very  rare  Orchid  in  the  only  station  in 
which  it  grows  in  Europe.  It  is  plainly  to  the  interest 
of  science  to  protect  rare  species  of  plants  and  animals 
against  vandalism,  and  botanical  and  horticultural 
societies,  as  well  as  amateurs,  should  acknowledge  this 
responsibility.  We  need  not,  however,  altogether  despair 
of  again  seeing  the  plant  which  is  the  object  of  this 
regret.  It  is  probable  that  the  labourer  who  disturbed 
the  ground  where  it  was  found  to  plant  his  Potatos  has 
not  altogether  destroyed  the  tubers  of  the  Spiranthes, 
and  that  some  day  the  plants  will  reappear  if  cultivation 
be  discontinued,  the  Potatos  rooted  up,  the  ground 
levelled  and  allowed  to  remain  a  waste  as  formerly  ;  if 
the  tubers  of  the  Spiranthes  still  exist  the  plant  will  cer- 
tainly reappear.  A  good  way  of  preserving  rare  species 
like  this  would  be  to  plant  them  in  private  grounds, 
where  no  one  would  disturb  them.  They  should  be 
planted  in  situations  and  in  soils  hke  those  in  which  it 
usually  grows.  Here  is  an  example.  There  is  at  Collioure 
a  locality — the  only  one  in  France — where  the  beautiftil 
North  African  Scolymus  grandiflorus  is  found.  This 
locality  is  less  than  2  hectares  in  extent,  and  it  is  very 
Ukely  that  one  day  or  other  it  may  be  cleared  and  planted 
with  Vines,  consequently  Scolymus  grandiflorus  will 
disappear.  Foreseeing  this  occurrence  I  have  sown 
some  seeds  of  this  pretty  plant  in  the  waste  spots  which 
surround  the  Villa  Thuret,  and  the  experiment  has  suc- 
ceeded perfectly.  I  saw  to-day  ainong  the  brttshwood 
ol  these  places  superb  specimens  of  Scolymus,  which 
flower  in  May.  I  showed  several  to  M.  TiiOMAS 
Hanburv  one  day  when  he  visited  me  at  the  Villa 
Thuret.." 

As  so  much  interest  is  felt  in  this  plant,  we 
reproduce  our  illustration  (fig.  So)  from  our 
number  for  October  S,  iSSi,  p.  465,  where  also 
will  be  found  a  brief  summary  of  the  history  of 
the  plant,  and  of  the  interesting  speculations  to 
which  it  gives  rise.  The  specimen  figured  was 
grown  by  Mr.  Buruidge  in  the  Trinity  College 
Botanic  Garden,  Dublin,  the  plant  having  been 
originally  collected  in  its  native  locality  by 
Professor  Perceval  Wright.  Let  us  hope 
Mr.  BURBIDGE  has  contrived  that  the  plant 
shall  increase  and  multiply.  The  head-quarters 
of  the  species  are  in  the  United  States. 


Cattlkya  Mossi.^  :  A  Fine  Specimen. — 

Fifty  years'  experience  of  this  noble  Orchid  has  but 
served  to  confirm  and  strengthen  the  good  opinion  of 


402 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  iS 


it  formed  by  the  lovers  of  Orchids  at  the  lime  of  its 
introduction,  and  it  is  still  regarded  as  one  of  the 
very  finest  and  most  lasting  ol  early  summer-dowering 
Orchids.  A  glance  at  our  illustration  (fig.  81)  will 
serve  to  show  to  what  perfection  the  plant  may  be 
brought  by  good  cultivstion.  The  figure  was  pre- 
pared from  a  photograph  of  a  plant  grown  by  Mr. 
F.  Ex  ELI,,  gardener  to  E.  A.  Leatiiam,  Esq., 
M.P.,  Misarden  I'aik,  Cirencester.  The  plant  in 
question  produced  this  year  from  thirly-six  flower- 
sheaths  over  ninety  flowers,  each  8  inches  acros?. 
The  variety  is  a  very  fine  one,  the  sepals  and 
petals  being  of  a  bright  rosy-magenta,  and  the 
rich  crimson  and  yellow  labellum  is  very  beautifully 
fringed.  Mr.  Exell  is  a  great  advocate  for  plenly 
of  light  and  air  for  Cattleyas,  with  rather  a  cooler 
temperature  than  many  give  them,  and  in  his  com- 
fortable and  well-arranged  intermediate-house  he 
further  demonstrates  his  belief  in  reasonably  cool 
treatment  by  growing  to  perfection  with  his  Cattleyas 
some  very  fine  Pha'cenopsis,  Vandas,  Aerides,  and 
Dendrobcs.  Many  of  his  plants  of  Catlleya  Trianje 
were  very  heavily  flowered  last  season,  some  of  them 
closely  approaching  in  excellence  the  plant  o(  C. 
Mossi^  here  illustrated. 

"Malpigiiia." — The   second    part    of   this 

new  Italian  botanical  journal  contains  an  article  on 
Sicilian  amber,  which  differs  chemically  from  that  of 
the  Baltic,  and  in  which,  up  to  the  present  time,  few 
vegetable  remains  have  been  found. 

New  Rhododendrons.  —  M.   Eranchet 

has  lately  described  in  the  BuUelin  of  the  Botanical 
Society  of  France,  some  new  Rhododendrons  from 
Tibet  and  Vun-nan.  Among  these  R.  calophytum 
has  long  leathery  leaves,  and  trusses  of  large  spotless 
white  flowers.  R.  rotundifolium  has  leaves  like  those 
of  a  Limnanthemum  ;  R.  Davidii,  belonging  to  the 
Caucasian  group,  has  leaves  of  a  golden  yellow  on 
the  under  surface  ;  R.  Delavayi  has  trusses  of 
cherry-red  coloured  flowers  surrounded  by  leaves 
which  are  glaucescent  above,  reddish-brown  beneath. 
R.  dendrocharis,  a  small  species  which  covers  the 
trunks  of  trees  with  its  purplish  flowers  ;  and  sundry 
others.  We  may  hope  that  feeds  of  these  will  be 
forthcoming  in  due  time,  M.  Franchet  alludes  to 
the  value  of  studying  the  hairs  on  the  leaves  as  points 
of  distinction  between  species,  but  always  in  associa- 
tion with  other  characteristics.  Some  species  have  no 
hairs,  others  are  provided  with  scale  or  shieldlike  hairs, 
others  with  an  investment  of  felted  hairs,  and  so  on. 

Another  New  Potato. — According  to  the 

Revue  Horticok  M.  Sagc  has  discovered  a  new  form 
of  the  Potato  in  Bolivia,  where  it  is  said  to  be  very 
productive,  yielding  four  crops  a  year[!].  and  where 
its  tubers  weigh  from  100 — 250  grammes.  Analysis 
of  these  tubers  shows  that  they  contain  20  per  cent, 
of  starch  and  72  per  cent,  of  water. 

Help  Acknowledged, — "  G.  B."  writes  to 

us  from  12,  Penge  Road,  Norwood,  to  say,  that  hav- 
ing  been  out  of  work  for  eleven  months,  and  having  a 
large  family  dependent  upon  him,  he  has  been  driven 
to  great  straitF.  Some  of  his  brother  gardeners,  hear- 
ing of  his  case,  have  helped  him  so  far  as  they  could, 
and  it  is  to  them  he  desires  to  make  his  acknowledg- 
ments. Further  assistance  is,  however,  greatly  needed. 
"  G.  B."  had  the  managemement  of  a  large  garden 
establishment  at  Southampton  for  six  years,  but  his 
services  were  no  longer  required,  the  garden  being 
devoted  to  other  purposes,  and  the  proprietor  having 
gone  abroad.  On  enquiry,  we  learn  that  the  state- 
ment is  correct,  and  "G.  B.'s"  late  employer  gives 
him  a  good  character  for  industry,  sobriety,  and  good 
conduct. 

New  Zealand  Edible  Fungus.— For  the 

benefit  of  a  correspondent  who  made  enquiries  of  us 
lately  we  extract  the  following  from  the  current 
number  of  that  excellent  periodical,  the  Pharmaceu- 
tical Journal:— "  An  edible  fungus,  which  is 
shown  in  the  New  Zealand  department  of  the  Colonial 
Exhibition  {Hirneola  polytticha)  forms  an  article  of 
considerable  export  to  China,  where  it  is  used  largely 
as  an  ingredient  in  soups,  &c.,  and  also  as  a  dye  for 
silks.  It  is  imported  from  New  Zealand  to  the  extent 
of  about  100  tons  per  annum.  This  fact  suggests  that 
other  objects  of  Chinese  commerce  might  be  worthy 
of  cultivation  in  the  colonies,  such  as  the  true  Ging- 
seng.  A  full  account  of  this  fungus  may  be  found  in 
A  previous  volume  of  this  journal  ([3],  xii.,  p.  866). 


It  bears  considerable  resemblance  to  the  Jew's-ear 
fungus  of  this  country,  which  is  common  on  Elder 
trees  in  damp  shady  places."  Our  own  columns  contain 
an  article  on  this  subject  (see  p.  464,  October  S,  18S1). 

Botany  in  Medical  Education'.— We  had 

occasion  recently  to  mention  incidentally  the  fact  that 
the  authorities  had  determined  to  remove  botany  from 
the  curriculum  of  medical  education,  and  we  expres.'cd 
our  opinion  that,  whatever  changes  in  the  mode  of 
teaching  be  required,  the  exclusion  of  botany  from 
medical  education  is  a  serious  mistake.  We  are  glad  to 
find  similar  views  expressed  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the 
British  Pharmaceutical  Conference  by  Professor  HlLL- 
HOUSE.  "  The  collective  wisdom,"  says  he,  *'of  the 
conjoint  Colleges  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  has 
ordained  that  a  branch  of  knowledge  which  most 
ordinary  people  would  consider  to  be  dependent  on 
prior  chemical  and  botanical  training,  shall  hence- 
forth, while  retaining  its  chemical,  be  deprived  of  its 
botanical  basis."  At  the  same  time  therapeutics,  or 
the  proper  use  of  drugs,  has  to  be  taught  during  the 
first  year  of  the  student's  career  : — 

"  But  underlying  this  matter  there  is  a  grave  principle 
at  stake.  Is  it.  or  is  it  not,  true  that  from  the  vegetable 
kingdom  the  physician  draws,  and  will  probably  con- 
tinue to  draw,  his  most  potent  drugs,  his  most  certain 
remedies,  his  own  specifics?  Is  it,  or  is  it  not,  true  that 
the  most  valuable  amplifications  of  medical  knowledge, 
in  the  way  of  new  modes  of  treatment,  and  of  the  ability 
to  grapple  with  hitherto  omnipotent  forms  of  disease. 
have  been,  and  increasingly  are.  most  closely  associated 
with  a  knowledge,  a  practical  knowledge,  of  the  pheno- 
mena of  plant  life?  If  this  be  true,  is  it  not  mortgaging 
the  highest  possibilities  of  the  future  for  a  mess  of  pot- 
tage to  risk  in  even  the  smallest  degree  the  powers  of  a 
grand  profession  fOr  the  sake  of  some  fifty  or  sixty  hours 
gained  by  excluding  the  subject  of  botany  from  the 
medical  student's  curriculum  ?  Or,  at  least,  let  the 
medical  authoritie5be  consistent,  and,  by  excising  equally 
the  subjects  ol  chemistry,  botany,  and  physiology,  the 
conjoint  basis  of  medicine,  send  their  students  out  armed 
with  power  of  life  and  death,  but  without  even  the 
shadow  of  a  preliminary  scientific  training." 

Landscape     Gardening.  —  The    Town 

Council  of  Poole  having  offered  prizes  for  the  best 
plans  for  laying  out  a  recreation  ground  given 
to  the  town  by  Lord  WiMiiOURNE,  has  awarded  the 
1st  prize  to  Messrs.  R.  Veitch  &  Son,  of  Exeter  ;  and 
the  2d  to  Mr.  R.  Upcher,  of  Scole,  Norfolk.  It 
appears  that  eighteen  plans  were  sent  in,  of  which 
four  were  selected  for  further  consideration,  the  four 
comprising,  as  we  are  informed,  those  of  Messrs.  R. 
Veitch  and  of  Mr.  R.  Upcher,  as  above-mentioned  ; 
Mr.  George  Jackman,  jun.,  of  Woking  ;  and  Messrs, 
J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  of  Chelsea.  Other  plans,  as  we 
learn  from  the  Poole  and  Botirnemouth  Herald^  were 
sent  in  by  Messrs.  Lovegrove,  Usill,  Backhouse  of 
York,  J.  R.  Reid,  Barron  ci  Son  of  Borrowash, 
G.  B.  Simpson,  J.  Kingsnorth,  Little  &  Billantyne, 
Cheal  &  Sons,  S.  S.  Marshall,  J.  Anderson  of  Meadow- 
bank,  Golding  (query  Goldring),  Ponton,  and  W.  H. 
de  Caple,  Cardiff.  The  iournal  from  which  we  quote 
gives  details  ,ts  to  most  of  the  plans,  but  as  these  have 
reference  mostly  to  strictly  local  requirements  we  do 
not  extract  them. 

Education. — A  very  celebrated  surgeon  of 

our  acquaintance,  in  higher  repute  as  an  operator 
than  as  a  lecturer,  was  wont  to  tell  his  class  when 
lecturing  on  surgical  diseases — "you  must  treat 
them,  gentlemen,  on  general  principles,"  but  he 
did  not  devote  much  attention  to  explaining  what 
those  principles  were,  being  evidently  much  more 
expert  in  the  use  of  his  hands  than  of  his  brain, 
The  consequence  was,  that  little  reliance  compara- 
tively, was  placed  on  the  opinion  of  the  surgeon,  but 
very  much  on  his  operative  skill.  We  are  reminded 
of  this  circumstance  by  the  discussion  on  education 
now  taking  place.  To  use  the  power  of  thought  and 
reasoning,  says  Prof.  HiLLHOUSE,  "this  is  a  prime 
factor  in  true  education,  and  I  would  rather  have  a 
man  who  thinks  wrongly  than  one  who  does  not 
think  at  all.  There  is  hope  for  the  one,  none  for  the 
other.  Once  get  principles  and  reasons  well  grounded, 
and  facts  marshal  themselves.  Facts  without  reasons 
are  like  a  fleet  of  vessels  without  crews,  capable  of  no 
concerted  and  intelligent  action,  but  nevertheless 
readily  capable  of  mutual  destruction." 

Roots.— Another  illustration  of  the  wonderful 

faculties  with  which  roots  are  endowed  has  lately 
been  made  known  by  Messrs.   A'an  Tiegiiem  and 


Douliot.  Botanists  have  long  known  that  in  the 
great  majority  of  cases  the  roots  originate  in  the 
interior  of  the  axis,  and  find  their  way  outside  by,  as 
was  supposed,  pressure  of  the  growing  tip  of  the  root 
on  the  surrounding  tissues.  The  two  botanists  whose 
names  we  have  mentioned  show,  however,  that  the 
rootlets,  buried  at  first  in  the  substance  of  the  main 
root,  make  their  way  out  by  secreting  a  fluid  which 
destroys  the  neighbouring  cells,  converting  them  first 
into  jelly,  and  then  dissolving  and  perhaps  absorbing 
them.  The  action  of  the  rootlet,  then,  in  the  tissues 
of  the  root  from  which  it  originates,  is  similar  to  that 
by  means  of  which  it  attacks  the  particles  of  soil  and 
derives  food-material  from  it.  The  action  is  also  the 
same  as  that  by  means  of  which  an  embryo  plant — 
say,  of  Wheat  or  of  the  Cocoa-nut— destroys  the 
albumen  surrounding  it,  and  appropriates  it  for  food, 

MyopORiNEOUs  Plants  —Some  time  since, 

we  had  occasion  to  publish  a  woodcut,  representing 
what  we  know  as  a  greenhouse  shrub  as  a  tree  of  no 
slight  magnitude.  For  the  photograph  we  were 
indebted  to  Baron  F.  V.  Mueller.  That  unwearied 
labourer  has  now  issutd  a  quarto  volume  of  seventy- 
six  lithographic  plates,  representing  all  the  species  of 
this  order,  the  members  of  which  are  distributed 
throughout  Australia,  attaining  their  highest  develop- 
ment in  ,he  hottest  and  most  arid  regions.  As  many 
of  these  plants  run  a  risk  of  extinction  by  fire  and 
pasturage  of  animals,  it  is  desirable  to  place  on  record 
descriptions  and  fi;;ures  of  these  plants,  many  of 
which  are  very  suitable  for  conservatory  decoration  in 
this  country,  their  bright  flowers  being  produced 
nearly  throughout  the  year.  The  drawings  have  been 
made  by  Mr.  Graff. 

Horticultural  Socikty  of  Ghent.— At 

a  meeting  held  on  September  13  the  following  awards 
were  made  : — First-class  Certificates  :  To  Mr.  James 
Bray,  for  Vanda  Sanderiana  ;  to  MM.  Jacob  Makoy 
&  Co.,  for  Curmeria  Kegeljani,  and  for  Davallia 
tenuifolia  Veitchi ;  and  to  M.  Linden,  Director  ol  the 
Compagnie  Continentale  d'Horticulture,  fjr  Alocasia 
Lindeni,  Cupania  denticulata,  and  for  Aphelandra 
macedoana.  Cultural  Certificates  ;  To  M.  Aug.  Van 
Geert  fils,  for  Alocasia  Van  Houtlei,  and  for 
Sphasrogyne  imperialis  ;  to  M.  Desmet-Duvivier,  for 
Miltonia  Clowesi  ;  and  to  MM.  Vervaet  &  Co., 
for  Cypripedium  Parishi.  Commendations :  for 
novelty,  to  MM.  Jacob  Makoy  &  Co.,  Liege,  for 
Pinanga  spectabilis,  and  for  Adiantum  Weigandi ; 
to  M.  Aug.  Van  Geett  Ills,  lor  Croton  Alicire  ;  and  to 
M.  Linden,  for  Ardisia  velutina.  For  good  forms,  to 
MM.  Vervaet  &  Co.,  for  Lrelia  euspatha,  Bollea  pul- 
vinari=,  and  Cattleya  Dowiana  ;  and  to  M.  Linden, 
for  Cattleya  Eldorado.  For  culture,  to  M,  Beru- 
Spae,  for  Asplenium  dimorphum. 

^  Carriage   of  Fruit.— The   importance   ol 

this  matter  to  our  fruit  growers  induces  us  to  publish 
the  following  letter,  which  originally  appeared  in  the 

Manchester  Gicardian  : — 

"I  noticed  in  \\\e  Daily  Tclei;raph  yesterday  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Mark  Sandtord,  the  Pond  Farm,  East 
Peckham,  in  which  he  said  : — '  I  sent  to  Bath  this  week 
about  56  lb.  of  Plums,  worth  in  London  possibly  -is. 
This  morning  I  received  a  telegram  that  the  consignee 
refuses  to  receive  them  in  consequence  of  the  railway 
charges,  55.  (^d,  A  similar  lot  may  come  from  .'\merica, 
I  am  told,  for  8<f.  Is  it  possible  for  English  fruit 
growers  to  compete  with  such  unfair,  one-sided  com- 
petition ? ' 

"Without  adopting  Mr.  Sandford's  conclusions  as 
to  the  responsible  cause  the  facts  themselves  surely  do 
call  for  immediate  and  united  action  in  a  matter  of  so 
much  moment  in  these  days  when  the  problem  ol  agri- 
cultural depression  is  so  constantly  before  the  public 
mind,  and  when  the  subject  of  food  for  the  people  is  one 
which  is  forcing  itself  with  hungry  clamour  upon  the 
public  ear  with  a  terrible  persistence.  Our  dietetic 
errors  and  the  thriftless  habits  of  a  large  proportion  of 
our  pauperised  population  carry  doubtless  a  fearful 
responsibility,  but  surely  there  should  be  some  plan  by 
which  home-grown  produce  could  be  placed  in  the 
markets  of  towns  within  a  few  scores  of  miles  of  the 
fruit-growing  centres  at  something  less  than  eight  limes 
the  cost  of  conveyance  of  similar  produce — brought,  I 
presume,  miles  across  country — over  the  .Atlantic  and 
on  to  the  home  markets  to  which  such  consignments 
may  be  made.  English  fruit-growing,  as  applied  to 
hardy  British  fruits,  ought  to  have  a  grand  future,  but  it 
must  not  be  subjected  to  ridiculous  conditions.  There 
should  be  persistent  education  and  determined  organisa- 
tion to  secure  results  commensurate  with  the  importance 


September  25,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


403 


of  Ibis  subject,  as  affecting  the  future  welfare  of  the 
nation  and  its  peoples. 

"  The  population  ought  to  be  better  instructed  as  to 
the  dietetic  value  of  fruits.  In  many  houses  the  advent 
of  the  fruit  ba<.ket  is  regarded  as  a  prelude  to  cholera 
morbus.  Combined  action  ou^ht  to  be  taken  in  the 
matter  of  cost  of  transit  and  facilities  for  rapid  delivery. 
Organised  effort  should  be  persistently  directed  towards 
the  establishment  of  centres  of  sale,  whereby  growers 
might  ensure  some  more  profitable  return  and  purchasers 
be  placed  upon  more  favourable  terms  than  prcient 
arrangements  seem  to  permit. 

"There  are  many  other  points  of  detail  thai  suggest 
themselves,  but  your  space,  I  fear  has  already  been  too 
far  encroached  upon.  EDMUND  J.  BAlU.rr:. 

"  Chester,  September  15,  1886." 

— -  Practical  Lessons  in  Gardening.— Our 
recent  leading  article  on  this  subject  has  brought  us 
the  following  letter,  which  we  print  in  the  hope  of 
stimulating  some  competent  gardener  to  undertake 
the  task.  This  is  a  matter  that  some  of  our  prize 
essayists  should  be  competent  to  undertake  for  a 
fitting  remuneration  :^ 

"  The  following  is  an  e.\tract  from  a  letter  received 
from  a  gentleman  who  has  recently  joined  our  Associa- 
tion ; — 

"  '  This  is  a  great  village  for  gardens,  and  I  think  tlie 
suggestion  made  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle,  of  lectures 
on  gardening,  good.  If  you  could  guarantee  a  tho- 
roughly good  man  to  lecture,  I  would  try  and  see  what 
could  be  done  to  organise  a  circuit  in  this  neighbour- 
hood.' 

"The  writer  is  the  Rev.  F.  A.  WoDEiiousi;,  of  Golhnm 
Rectory,  Kegworth,  Derby.  Do  you  know  of  anybody 
used  to  this  kind  of  work?  and,  if  so,  would  you  put  us 
in  communication?-'  Ethoard  Owen  Greening,  Mana^^- 
ing  Director,  Agricultural  and  Horliculturdl  Associa' 
Hon.  Limited,  3,  Agar  Street,  Strand,  Londm,  IV.C." 

—'  Seedling  Figs. — The  discussion  on  this 
subject  has  elicited  the  fact,  that  seedling  Figs  do 
come  up  in  this  country,  but  in  the  majority  of  c::ses 
they  are  derived  from  imported  Figs.  One  or  two 
cases  have  been  recorded  wherein  it  was  very  probable 
that  the  seedlings  originated  from  English  grown 
Figs,  but  sn  far  only  two  cases  have  been  recorded 
where  there  was  direct  positive  evidence  that  this 
was  the  case.  A  well  known  botanist  and  cultivator 
sends  us  seeds  which  look  as  though  they  were  perfect, 
but  on  cutting  them  open  the  embryo  is  seen  to  be 
shrivelled  and  abortive.  So  far,  then,  Count  Solms 
and  Mr.  Hhmsley  are  amply  justified  in  their  state- 
ments, but  both  are  too  good  botanists  not  to  admit 
that  exceptional  instances  may  occur,  just  as  Cucum- 
ber flowers  occasionally  occur,  with  stamens  and  pistils 
in  the  same  flower. 

Flowee   Show  Arrangements.— Messrs. 

Robert  Veitch  &  Son,  of  Exeter,  obligingly  send 
us  photographs  showing  the  manner  in  which  their 
plants  were  staged  at  the  late  exhibition  of  the  D^von 
and  Exeter  Horticultural  Society,  We  shall  probably 
publish  one  or  more  of  these  illustiatioos  at  a  future 
lime.  Meantime  we  congratulate  Messrs.  ^"EITCH  on 
the  success  of  their  arrangement,  which  must  indeed 
have  been  a  delightful  change  from  the  wearisome 
monotony  of  ordinary  flower  shows.  Instead  of 
showing  them  in  tiers  in  the  conventional  mode,  they 
built  an  imitation  rockwork,  introducing,  in  minia- 
ture, grottoes  and  caverns  with  minor  pools.  By 
this  means  they  were  able  to  exhibit,  in  a  natural- 
looking  position,  many  trailing  plants  and  creepers, 
and  aquatic  plants  which  are  seldom  seen  at  a  horticul- 
tural exhibition.  Suspended  here  and  there  from 
jutting  rocklets  and  boughs  were  ornamental  lanterns, 
which,  when  lighted  up  at  night,  gave  a  charming 
and  picturesque  eUect. 

North    of    Scotland    Horticultural 

Association, — The  annual  meeting  of  this  Associa- 
tion was  held  on  the  evening  of  Friday,  the  17th  iost., 
in  the  Christian  Institute  Hall,  Aberdeen.  The  Pre- 
sident, Mr.  Peter  Harper  (Duthie  Public  Park), 
occupied  the  chair.  There  was  a  large  attendance  of 
members.  The  annual  reports  from  the  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  were  submitted,  and  showed  a  satisfactory 
and  prosperous  state  of  afi'iirs.  Daring  the  past  year 
it  appeared  that  twenty  yearly  members  and  one  life 
member  had  been  added  to  the  membership  of  the 
Society  ;  three  First-class  Certificates  and  ten  Cultural 
Certificates  had  been  awarded,  and  twenty-one  papers 
treating  of  horticultural  and  scientific  subjects  had 
been  read.    The  financial  statement  showed  a  balance 


in  favour  of  the  Association  of  £^2  gr.  lod.  Mr.  A. 
ROBSON,  Market  Street,  Aberdeen,  was  elected  Presi- 
dent, in  the  room  of  Mr.  Harper  ;  and  Mr.  A. 
Grigor  Vice-President  for  the  ensuing  year,  Mr. 
William  Reid,  S,  Hadden  Street,  Aberdeen,  was 
reappointed  Secretary;  and  Mr.  William  Wvllie, 
Market  Street,  Treasurer.  Committees  were  formed, 
and  other  formal  business  transacted.  A  cordial  vote 
of  thanks  to  the  retiring  President  ended  the  pro- 
ceedings. 

Agricultural   Lectures.  —  A   course  of 

lectures  o.t  agriculture  will  be  given  at  the  City  of 
London  College,  White  Stree',  Moorfields,  E.C.,  on 
Tuesday  evenings,  at  7  p.m.,  by  Mr.  Bernard  Dyer, 
F.C.S.,  F.I  C,  Consulting  Chemist  to  the  Essex 
Agricultural  Society,  D^von  County  Agricultural 
Association,  Notts  Chamber  of  Agriculture,  &c. 
The  course  of  lectures  will  treat  of  :  — 

1.  Soils. — Their  formation  and  variations  in  character 
— Distribution— Classification— Chemical  constituents- 
Causes  of  fertility. 

2.  Plant  Life, — Its  influences — Sources  from  which 
crops  get  their  food— Plant  food  in  the  soil— Active  and 
dormant  matters  in  soils— Composition  of  farm  crops — 
Influence  of  the  mechanical  condition  of  the  soil  on 
plant  life. 

3.  Manures. — Farmyard  manure,  its  production,  it^ 
fermentation,  its  composition  and  character — Good  and 
bad  management— .Action  of  manures  in  the  soil — kx\\- 
ficial  manures  :  salt,  lime,  chalk,  &c. — Their  mode  of 
use  and  special  properties. 

4.  Tillage  Operation^.  —  Mechanical  and  chemical 
changes— Influence  of  atmospheric  agents— Drainage  of 
land — Influence  on  its  temperature,  and  on  the  health  of 
stock— Choice  of  crops  —  Rotation  of  crops — Advan- 
tages of  good  cultivation. 

5.  Ltiie  Stock. — The  economy  of  good  stock  manage- 
ment— Special  requirements  lor  making  land  either  a 
good  dairy  farm  or  a  good  sheep  (arm,  or  good  grazing 
land. 

6.  Food — Chemical  matters  present  in  various  kinds 
of  food  ;  in  milk,  green  food,  hay  and  corn.  &c. — The 
different  materials  necessary  for  the  growth  of  the  body 
— Maintenance  of  heat — Process  ol  fattening  animals. 

The  fee  for  the  course  (October  to  May)  is  only 
7j-.  6</.  The  Saddlers'  Guild  offer  a  prize  of  ^5  <,s. 
to  the  student  who  passes  the  best  examination  in 
chemistry  and  agriculture. 

Orchid  Sales.— Last  Tuesday  and  Wednes- 
day, September  21  and  22,  the  celebrated  Fernfield 
collection  of  Orchids  of  Dr.  Paterson,  Bridge  of 
Allan, 'was  sold  by  auction  by  Messrs.  Protheroe  ^; 
M'^RKis,  at  their  sale-rooms  in  Cheapside.  The 
largest  sura  paid  for  a  single  plant  at  this  sale  was 
;£47  5j\,  for  Catlleya  Triann:.  A  fine  plant  of  Laslia 
elegans  Turneri  was  sold  for  ^36  15^.  ¥ox  one  plant 
of  Odontoglossum  crispum  as  much  as  ^{,33  \2s.  was 
paid,  and/32  lis.  for  Vanda  suavis.  Among  other 
good  prices  may  be  mentioned  Coelogyne  Gard- 
neriana,  £16  $s.  6d.  ;  Cypripedium  Veitchianura, 
15  gs.  ;  Cattleya  labiata,  iS  gs.  ;  Lselia  Periini  alba, 
20  gs  ;  Vanda  Cathcarti,  15  gs.  ;  Cymbidium  Low* 
ianum,  13  gs.  ;  Vanda  tricolor  Patersoni,  16  gs.  ; 
Odontoglossum  crispum,  /"14  y.  6d.  ;  Dendrobuim 
Ainsworthi,  13  gs.  ;  Vanda  suavis,  14  gs.,  &c.  The 
total  number  of  lots  was  742. 

Publications  K^czweu..— Botanical  Ex- 
change Club  of  the  British  Isles:  Report  for  1885. 
By  J.  Groves,  F.L.S.  (Manchester:/.  Collins 
&  Co.,  Kmg  SitQe\.)-Revieio  of  Forest  Admini.lra- 
tioii  in  British  India  for  1SS4  85.  By  B.  Rihben- 
TROP.     (Simla:  Government  Central  Branch  Press.) 

—  The  Propagation  of  Plants.  By  J.  Hart.  (King- 
ston (Jamaica)  Horticultural  Society,  Date  Tree  Hall). 

—  The  Construction  of  Silos,  and  the  Compression 
of  (Jreen  Crops  for  Silage  By  T.  Potter, 
(London:  B.  T.  Batskord,  52,  High  Holborn.)  — 
Tobacco  :  its  L  ps  and  Do^u-ns  in  England,  and  how  to 
Cultivate  and  Cure  it  in  the  Il'est  Indies.  By  Sir 
W.  Robinson,  K  C  M.G  ,  Governor  of  Trinidad. 
(Port  of  Spain  :  Government  Prmting  Oflice.)- 
School  of  Forest  Engineers  in  Spain.  By  J.  C. 
Brown,  LL.D,  (Edmburgh :  Oliver  &  Boyd, 
Tweeddale  Court.) 

Gardening  Appointments. — Mr.  Alfred 

Bishop,  late  Head  Gardener  to  i\Irs.  Davidson,  of 
Abboisford  Park,  Burgess  Hill,  Sussex,  has  succeeded 
Mr.  WicKSON  as  Head  Gardener  to  R.  Burrell, 
Esq.jWestley  Hall,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. — Mr,  Geokge 
Temple  has  been  engaged  as  Head  Gardener  to 
H.  G.  Bainbridge,  E^q.,  Malvern  Hall,  Solihull, 
near  Birmingham.  He  was  lately  Gardener  at  Pack- 
wood  Grange,  Knowle,  in  the  same  district. — Mr.  C. 
Chidlev,  late  Gardener  to  C,  Norrington,  Esq., 
Abbotsfield,  Plymouth,  has  been  engaged  as  Gardener 
to  W.  Cuuitt,  Esq.,  Fallapit,  South  Devon. 


YAMS    IN    THE    WEST    INDIES. 

This  root  crops,  often  termed  *' bread  kind,"  asso- 
ciated with  the  above  plants  are  largely  used  in  the 
West  Indies  for  food  purposes.  The  sweet  Potato 
(Uilatas  eduHs)  is  the  main  food  crop  at  Barbadoes, 
where  Vara  is  little  known,  whereas  at  Jamaica  the 
converse  is  the  case,  the  Yam  (Dioscorea)  being  very 
largely  grown  all  through  the  interior  hills,  while  the 
cultivation  of  the  sweet  Potato  is  confined  to  a  few 
places  in  the  lowlands.  Since  the  large  emigration 
of  negroes  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  there  has 
arisen  a  considerable  trade  in  Vams  between  Jamaica 
and  Colon,  to  the  manifest  advantage,  in  present  cash 
returns,  of  the  former  country.  Unfortunately,  the 
cultivation  of  Vams  entaih  the  cutting  down  of  forest 
year  by  year,  as  good  Vams  seldom  do  well,  in  the 
manner  cultivated  at  Jamaica,  except  by  the  *' rota- 
tion of  land  " — a  peculiar  negro  mode  of  interpreting 
the  European  idea  of  *'rotation  of  crops."  Hence 
it  is  not  very  desirable,  from  a  general  economic 
point  of  view,  to  extend  or  encourage  the  cultivation 
of  Yams,  With  the  sweet  Potato,  however,  it  is 
diflerent.  This  tuber  can  be  grown  without  the 
sacrifice  year  by  year  of  valuable  virgin  forest,  and  it 
is,  in  many  respects,  a  crop  well  adapted  to  all  the 
lowlands,  not  only  of  Jamaica,  but  also  of  the  West 
Indies  generally. 

Besides  being  utilised  directly  for  food  purposes,  it 
would  appear  that  a  new  demand  is  likely  to  arise  for 
the  tubers  of  the  sweet  Potato  in  connection  with  the 
production  of  alcohol.  The  first  notice  of  the  sweet 
Potato  being  utilised  in  this  manner  appeared  in  a 
report  to  the  Foreign  Office  given  by  Consul  Hertslet 
on  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  Azores  for  the  year 
1884. 

Owing  to  a  variety  of  causes  it  appears  that  culti- 
vators at  St.  Michael's  and  other  islands  of  the  Azores, 
who  had  hitherto  looked  upon  Oranges  as  their  staple 
production,  were  so  disheartened  by  low  prices  and 
the  diminished  crops  yielded  by  their  trees  that  they 
resolved  to  clear  their  land  of  everything  and  plant  it 
afresh  with  sweet  Potatos,  The  whole  of  the  crop 
thus  raised  was  used  in  the  preparation  of  alcohol. 
During  the  year  18S4,  1826  pipes  of  alcohol,  of  the 
value  of  ^40,588,  made  from  sweet  Potatos,  were 
exported  from  the  Azores  to  Lisbon ;  and,  as  will  be 
incidentally  shown  later,  the  trade  has  assumed  still 
larger  proportions. 

For  the  information  contained  in  this  article  wc 
would  mention  at  the  outset  that  we  are  indebted  to 
Mr.  D.  Morris,  late  Director  of  Public  Gardens  and 
Plantations,  Jamaica,  now  of  the  Royal  Gardens, 
Kew,  who  has  obligingly  placed  it  at  our  disposal  for 
the  use  of  West  India  planters. 

Encouraged  by  the  success  of  the  enterprise  at  the 
Azores  it  appears  that  an  enterprising  French 
chemist,  Mons.  A.  Ralu,  having  much  experience  in 
chemistry,  as  connected  with  distillation,  and  pos- 
sessing extensive  relations  with  the  West  Indies 
(Martinique),  has  taken  out  patents  :  — I.  For  utilising 
as  a  commercial  and  industrial  substance  sweet 
Potatos  and  Vams  by  means  of  desiccation  and  con- 
version into  flour  ;  and,  2,  for  distilling  alcohol  from 
the  above  flour. 

In  relation  to  the  ordinary  or  Irish  Potatos,  white 
Beetroot,  and  Maize  flour,  sweet  Potatos  possess  an 
alcoholic  richness  of  15.50  per  cent,  as  compared 
with  8  and  9  per  cent,  of  the  Irish  Potato,  and  4  and 
5  per  cent,  in  the  Beetroot.  The  value  of  raw  sweet 
Potato  for  distillation,  and  its  superiority,  both  as  to 
quantity  and  quality,  over  other  substances,  has  been  for 
some  time  known  and  recognised.  The  difficulty  has 
been  in  extracting  the  alcohol  on  the  spot ;  added  to 
this,  there  is  the  danger  attending  its  exportation,  for 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  leakage,  and  the  vapour  of 
alcohol  at  95"  Fahr.  in  hot  climates  is  said  to  be 
inflammable.  Alcohol,  therefore,  is  assumed  to  be  a 
dangerous  cargo.  As  alcohol  cannot,  it  is  supposed, 
be  made  on  the  spot  and  exported  to  Europe,  Mons, 
Ralu's  patents  aim  at  the  preparation  of  sweet  Potato 
flour  in  the  West  Indies,  from  which  afterwards  the 
alcohol  may  be  distilled  and  utilised  in  Europe. 

As  already  noted,  one  establishment  for  distilling 
alcohol  from  raw  sweet  Potato  exists  at  the  Azores, 
and  we  gather  that  since  it  began  work  it  has  doubled 
its  plant,  and  all  the  alcohol  it  produces  i;  sold  in 
advance  at  Lisbon,  where  it  is  used  for  the  fortifica- 
tion of  wines,  M.  Ralu  says  :  — "  The  alcohol  of 
which  we  have  specimens  is  superior  in  quality  to  the 
best  marks  of  France.  The  distillery  obtains  12  per 
cent,  {i.e.,  12  litres  of  alcohol  at  too'  per  100  kilog. 


404 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  1886. 


of  sweet  Potato  )  of  alcohol.  We  have  experimented 
with  the  sweet  Potato  of  Algeria.  They  give 
134-10  litres  of  alcohol  per  100  kilog.  The  sweet 
Potato  of  Martinique  and  Brazil  have  given  15  litres. 
There  is  here,  therefore,  a  very  rich  material  (or  dis- 
tillation. Ordinary  Potatos  yield  only  3  litres  of 
alcohol  per  too  kilog." 

The  objects  sought  by  M.  Ralu's  patents  involve 
the  extensive  cultivation  of  the  sweet  Potato  in  the 
West  Indian  Islands,  its  desiccation  by  means  of  fruit 
driers,  its  reduction  into  a  meal,  and  its  export  to 
Europe,  where  an  almost  unlimited  demand  exists  for 
sweet  Potato  meal  for  distilling  purposes.  The  alco- 
holic richness  of  the  sweet  Potato  is  unquestioned, 
and  the  following  table  will  give  its  superiority  over 
the  cereals  ordinarily  employed  at  present  for  dis- 
tilling in  Europe  :— 

j         Francs.  I      Litres. 

Wheat      ..         ..         ..        ..  j    ig.75  ta  21.50  I     28  to  30 

Rye           i5.5otoi625  |     221023 

Barley ,     17.75  to  20.00        24  to  25 

Oats         ..  17.25  to  19.50        20  to  21 

Buckwheat         ..        ..         ..  16.00  to  17.00        24  to  24 

Maize        ..          ..                     ..  14.0010  14.50  ,     28  to  30 

Rice          18.00  to  19.00         32  to  33 

Sweet  Potato  flour        ..         ..  14.00  to  15.00  ;     38  to  39 


there  has  its  stiIl*house,  and  when  once  the  modus 
operandi  is  known  as  regards  this  special  industry  it 
would  be  a  very  simple  matter  for  the  Jamaica  planter 
to  distil  alcohol  pure  and  simple  from  the  sweet 
Potato,  as  for  him  to  distil  rum  from  molasses.  The 
Barbadoes  planter  at  present  ships  his  molasses  either 
to  Europe  or  America,  or  sells  it  to  the  distillers  at 
Mattinique,  where  it  is  used  in  the  preparation  of 
French  rum. 

It  is  not  our  intention  to  advocate,  in  any  decided 
manner,  the  preparation  of  alcohol  from  sweet  Pota- 
tos, or  express  a  strong  opinion  either  way.  We  only 
wish  to  point  out  to  the  West  Indian  planter  a  possible 
means,  in  these  hard  times,  of  meeting  a  demand  which 
evidently  exists  for  a  certain  article,  and  to  throw  out 
suggestions  which  may  be  of  ultimate  benefit  to  him. 

At  St.  Vincent,  for  instance,  where  nothing  at  pre- 
sent appears  to  pay,  a  well-established  industry  con- 
nected with  this  method  of  utilising  sweet  Potatos 
might  give  the  initial  start  to  local  enterprise  and  lead 
to  a  more  prosperous  state  of  things.  Or,  again, 
there  is  Tobago  with  its  Metayer  or  quasi  co-operative 
system  which  might  offer  an  excellent  opening  for  an 
industry  of  this  kind,  provided,  of  course,  it  were  taken 
up  in  a  business-like  and  systematic  manner  and 
adapted  to  the  special  circumstances  of  the  island. 
In  fine,  this  is  essentially  a  matter  which  commends 
itself  for  consideration  to  West  Indian  planters  in 
genera],  and  they  would  do  well  to  look  carefully 
into  it.  European  Mail. 


Maize,  it  will  be  seen,  is  the  only  cereal  which  is  as 
cheap  as  the  Potato  flour,  but  it  requires  324  kilog. 
(714  lb.)ofMaizetomake  one  hectolitre  {22  gallons)  of 
pure  alcohol,  whilst  it  requires  only  235  kilog.  {519  lb.) 
of  the  flour  to  make  the  same  amount  of  alcohol. 
There  is  a  great  saving  of  time  and  combustibles  when 
distilling  from  the  flour,  as  compared  with  the  Maize. 
Alcohol  from  Maize  costs  10  francs  per  hectolitre 
more  to  make,  and  when  made  sells  at  from  S  to 
10  francs  less  than  the  alcohol  made  from  the  sweet 
Potato  flour. 

The  question  for  the  planter,  however,  is,  Will  it 
pay  to  grow  sweet  Potatos  and  to  prepare  the  flour 
for  export  purposes? 

The  sweet  Potato  at  present  cultivated  in  Jamaica 
is  mostly  intermingled  with  other  plants  in  the  pro- 
vision grounds  of  the  negroes.  Hardly  any  is  culti- 
vated by  Europeans.  No  definite  area  is  returned  as 
exclusively  devoted  to  this  cultivation,  and  no  returns 
of  yield  per  acre  are  available  from  authentic  sources. 
A  negro  in  the  same  ground  will  have  Yam  (Dios- 
corea),  Corn  (Maize),  Sugar-cane,  and  possibly, 
also,  two  or  three  other  plants,  such  as  Bananas, 
Plantains,  Cocos  (Colocasia). 

Sweet  Potatos  thrive  best  in  rich  friable  soil  free 
from  clay. 

At  the  foot  of  the  Liguanea  Hills,  and,  indeed,  in 
most  localities  with  the  soil  indicated  above,  they  are 
found  to  thrive.  They  are  easily  propagated  by  slips 
or  portions  of  the  stem  planted  in  rows  or  in  hills. 
The  loots  come  to  maturity  in  three  or  four  months, 
and  the  cultivation  is  continued  by  covering  up  the 
stems  when  digging  up  the  more  perfect  roots  for  use. 
The  crop  comes  in  practically  alt  the  year  round  : 
there  is  no  regular  season  for  it,  and  hence  it  can  be 
best  harvested  by  examining  the  state  of  the  roots, 
and  taking  out  those  that  are  found  perfectly  ripe. 
The  crop  may  be  gathered  at  least  three  or  four  times 
in  the  year  ;  but  as  to  the  amount  or  value  of  each 
cropping  no  data  are  immediately  available. 

If  the  cultivation  were  undertaken  by  sugar  planters, 
and  large  areas  were  planted  with  sweet  Potatos, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  in  Jamaica  they  might  be 
grown  as  advantageously  and  as  successfully  as  any- 
where. 

We  apprehend  that  few  of  the  West  India  islands 
would  care  to  grow  sweet  Potatos  to  be  utilised 
simply  in  the  manner  indicated  by  M.  Ralu.  Why 
should  they  go  to  the  trouble  and  expense  of  drying 
the  tubers,  reducing  them  to  a  meal,  and  export  the 
latter  to  Europe  to  be  there  converted  into  spirit  ?  If 
the  whole  process  can  be  accomplished  at  the  Azores 
there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  also  accom- 
plished in  the  West  Indies.  We  say  this  with  due 
regard,  of  course,  to  any  patent  rights  held  by  M.  Ralu 
or  his  friends.  At  least,  it  is  well  worth  trying  ;  and 
the  number  of  sugar  planters  now  on  the  look-out  for 
something  to  supplement  the  meagre  profits  (or  some- 
thing worse)  of  a  West  Indian  sugar  estate  should 
lead  to  some  concentrated  and  united  action  being 
taken  to  examine  and  test  everything  having  the 
slightest  hope  of  aiding  them  at  the  present  juncture. 
In  relation  to  its  size,  Barbadoes  at  present  grows 
sweet  Potatos  more  extensively  than  any  other  West 
Indian  island.  They  are  grown  as  a  calch  crop 
between  the  regular  intervals  of  planting  the  Sugar- 
cane, and  are  generally  sold  as  they  stand,  the  pur- 
chaser harvesting  them  himself.  Here  there  would  be 
no  difficulty  in  growing  sweet  Potatos  on  the  most 
extensive  scale  commensurate  with  the  size  of  the 
island  ;  but  there  are  no  stills  already  in  existence  as 
in  Jamaica,  and  both  the  plant  and  the  knowledge  of 
distilling  would  have  to  be  introduced.  Jamaica  has 
the  advantage  in  this  respect,  for  every  sugar  estate 


\y  Xtnh 


SENDING    HONEY. 
About  this  time  last  year  I  mentioned  the   fact 
that  before  the  advent  of  the  Self-opening  Tin  Box 


Company,  there  was  no  known  method  of  sending 
extracted  honey  with  perfect  safety  by  rail,  certainly 
not  by  post.  Lest  that  notice  escaped  the  eye  of  any 
bee-keeper,  I  mention  the  fact  again,  and  add  an 
illustration  (fig.  82).  Since  last  year  the  sale  of  these 
tins  has  immensely  increased,  and  they  are  used  for 
endless  purposes  ;  but  we  have  only  to  deal  with 
them  as  far  as  the  storage  and  carriage  of  honey  is 
concerned.  Many  inQuential  members  of  the  British 
Bee-keepers'  Association,  and  others  interested  in 
apiculture  have  given  their  favourable  opinion  un- 
asked about  these  tms. 

Everybody  knows  that  even  a  box  of  sardines  is 
not  always  easily  opened,  while  larger  tins  of  various 
articles  are  certainly  opened  with  some  difficulty. 
To  get  over  this  difficulty,  the  Tin  Box  Company  in- 
vented a  tin  with  a  lid  which  is  opened  by  leverage, 
and  which  can  be  lifted  up  by  a  penny.  The  lid  fits 
so  nicely  that  it  is  not  only  impossible  for  it  to  tumble 
off,  but  when  pressed  down  into  its  proper  place,  the 
box  is  perfectly  air-tight,  and  therefore  very  useful  for 
all  purposes  where  a  perfectly  air-tight  vessel  is 
required.  This  company,  while  keeping  to  the 
original  principle,  has  improved  its  tins  in  many 
ways,  I  have  one  standing  before  me  now  which  is  a 
great  improvement  on  those  I  had  last  year.  It  is 
made  entirely  without  solder.  There  are  only  two 
pieces  to  each  box,  one  piece  for  the  lid,  and 
another  for  the  box  itself.  To  suit  the  convenience 
of  bee-keepers  various  sizes  are  made,  and  some  tins 
holding  4  cwt.  were  recently  shown. 

Two  silver  medals  were  awarded  to  this  company 
at  the  recent  large  show  in  the  conservatory  at  South 
Kensington  in  connection  with  the  Colonial  Exhibi- 
tion. 


Wintering. 
As  September  is  now  nearly  run  out,  if  not  already 
done,  look  over  all  stocks  at  once,  to  see  if  they  have 
enough  food  to  carry  them  through  the  winter,  and  if 
not  feed  at  once.  All  feeding  ought  to  be  completed 
before  October  commences.  I  would  state  that  about 
20  lb.  of  honey  is  considered  a  perfectly  safe  quantity. 
Walter  Ckitly,  Pat'sey. 


jHoME     pOI^F^E3PONDENCE. 


Picea  pungens  glauca. — This  charming  though, 
comparatively  speaking,  little  known  species  of 
Spruce  Fir — better  known  in  gardens  as  Abies  Par- 
ryana — is  now  growing  most  luxuriantly  in  our  York 
nursery,  both  in  exposed  and  sheltered  positions. 
One  young  tree  has  made  a  leading  shoot  during  the 
present  season  fully  21  inches  in  length,  the  total 
height  of  the  tree  being  only  56  inches,  its  longest 
lateral  shoot  produced  this  season  being  9  inches. 
The  soil  where  this  tree  is  planted  is  rich  sandy 
loam,  and  the  position  is  a  decidedly  moist  one,  Gen- 
tiana  pneumonanthe  being  in  bloom  close  alongside. 
The  variety  P.  pungens  glauca  also  promises  to  be  an 
equally  hardy  and  rapid  grower,  and  so  far  retains  its 
characteristic  feature  well.  Such  a  wet  season  as  the 
one  we  have  had  will,  no  doubt,  account  in  large 
measure  for  the  unusually  strong  growth  of  the  par- 
ticular tree  referred  to  above,  but  it  is  worthy  of  note 
that  similar  trees  planted  on  higher  ground,  in  drier 
positions  and  in  stifTer  soil,  appear  less  vigorous  in 
health.  From  the  habit  which  this  tree  possesses  of 
retaining  its  bud-scales  until  June,  it  proves  itself  to 
be  one  of  the  hardiest  species  of  Spruce  Fir  which 
we  grow,  and  consequently  one  highly  suited  to  our 
climate.  It  will,  I  feel  sure,  be  much  more  generally 
cultivated  as  this  quality  becomes  better  known,  seeing 
that  it  is  proof  against  our  latest  spring  frosts,  as  well 
as  the  most  severe  winter  weather,  our  plants  having 
stood  uninjured  during  the  last  eight  years,  y.  Back' 
house^  jun^  York. 

Crocus  karduchorum,  Kotschy. — I  have  at  last 
obtained  corms  of  this  species  which  has  heretofore 
been  only  known  by  a  few  dried  specimens  scattered 
through  European  herbaria,  collected  by  Theo, 
Kotschy,  on  September  27,  1859,  on  a  mountainous 
ridge  between  Miikiis  and  Scherwan  in  Kurdistan. 
The  corms  I  have  recently  flowered  were  sent  me 
last  autumn  by  the  Rev.  A.  H.  Hubbard.  American 
missionary,  of  Sivas,  Asia  Minor,  but  whether  they 
were  obtained  near  Sivas,  or  from  the  locality  far  to 
the  east  where  Kotschy  discovered  the  species,  I  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  ascertain.  The  figure  in  my 
monograph  of  the  genus  Crocus  (plate  v.)  which  was 
drawn  from  Kotschy's  herbarium  specimens,  fairly 
represents  the  plant,  except  that  in  colour  the  fresh 
flowers  are  a  little  bluer  in  tint,  and  each  segment  is 
veined  with  about  nine  fine  purple  lines  extending  half 
way  up  the  segment,  which  were  not  visible  in  the 
faded  dry  specimen.  C.  karduchorum  somewhat  re- 
sembles C.  zonatus,  of  Gay,  but  the  flowers  are  smaller, 
and  instead  of  the  bright  golden  zone  at  the  base  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  segments  above  the  throat, 
two  small  orange  spots  occur  similar  to  those  in  Crocus 
vallicola  of  Herbert.  In  Kotschy's  specimens  pre- 
served in  the  Vienna  herbarium  the  leaves  pertain* 
ing  to  the  previous  vernal  growth  were  preserved  up 
to  the  flowering  time  in  September — two  years' sets  of 
leaves,  one  dormant  within  the  sheathing  leaves,  being 
present  at  the  flowering  time.  This  occurs  in  only 
one  other  species,  C.  Scharojani  of  Ruprecht.  George 
Maw,  F.L.S.,  Benthall,  Kenley,  Surrey,  Sept.  20. 

Allotment  Land. — Conversing  with  a  native  of 
Nottingham  who  called  upon  me  the  other  day,  he 
said  that  for  some  of  the  best  allotment  land  round 
that  town  artisans  pay  the  extraordinary  price  or 
rather  rental  annually  of  2W.  the  square  yard,  the 
which,  if  Nottingham  yard's  are  the  same  as  else- 
where, means  about  6^^.  per  rod,  or  £a^  per  acre. 
It  is  surprising  to  learn  also,  such  is  the  won- 
derful cultivation  given,  that  even  at  this  rental  the 
allotments  are  made  to  pay.  What  a  comment 
does  this  fact  offer  upon  the  doubts  cast  on  the 
capacity  of  working  men  to  cultivate  allotments  pro- 
fitably !  Not  only  does  this  case  illustrate  the  extra- 
ordinary capacity  of  the  Nottingham  operatives  to 
garden  well,  but  it  also  displays  the  strength  of  that 
latent  earth-hunger  which  is  at  the  bottom  of  the 
recently  formulated  demand  for  small  holdings  and 
allotments.  The  fear  expressed  lest  working  men 
should  fail  as  cultivators  is  hardly  borne  out  by 
experience,  for  as  a  rule  allotments,  where  the  land  is 
at  all  of  decent  quality,  are  invariably  well  cropped 
and  productive.  The  labouring  classes  seeing  land 
falling  out  of  cultivation  because  farming  on  a  large 


September  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


405 


scale  has  proved  to  be  a  comparative  failure,  do  but 
ask  that  they  may  have  a  fair  chance  to  try  their 
fortunes  as  small  cultivators.  If  eventually  they  fail, 
a  problem  will  at  least  have  been  fully  solved,  but  it 
is  hardly  fair  that  those  who  themselves  have  (ailed 
should  endeavour  to  prevent  others  from  trying  in  a 
diverse  way.  It  is  obvious  that  when  agriculture, 
whether  in  large  or  small  farms,  fails  us,  then  the 
country  must  soon  shut  up  shop.  A.  D. 

Chrysogonum  virginianum. — I  send  a  specimen 
of  a  North  American  Composite,  little  known  in 
English  gardens,  but  of  great  merit,  Chrysogonum 
virginianum  (Lin.).  It  is  dwarf,  having  few  stem- 
leaves,  and  a  generally  procumbent  flower-stalk  a  foot 
long,  on  which  flowers  are  borne  in  succession  from 
June  till  the  frost.  It  increases  sparingly  by  runners, 
and  is  readily  divisible.  It  never  becomes  weedy  ; 
and  though  yellow  American  Composite  is  a  terrible 
character  in  the  opinion  of  many,  it  does  not  look  like 
a  Composite.  I  had  it  first  from  St.  John's  Nursery, 
Worcester,  and  having  grown  it  for  two  years  can 
give  it  a  very  good  testimonial.  C.  Wolley  Do'i,  Ed^e 
Hall,  Malpas.  [An  engraving  is  in  preparation.  Ed.] 

Semi-double  Cypripedium  (figs.  83,  84).— As  an 
addition  to  the  series  already  published,  we  now  give  an 
illustration  and  plan  of  the  floral  arrangements  in  a 
flower  of  Cypripedium  superbiens  (Veitchii)  kindly]for- 


recent  hot  weather  has  had  something  to  do  with 
perfecting  the  growths  and  setting  the  buds.  When 
the  pots  are  packed  full  of  roots  as  these  are,  abun- 
dant supplies  of  water  and  sunshine  in  the  same 
proportion  harden  the  growths,  and  the  buds  are 
formed  before  the  cold  nights  set  in,  Large  quanti- 
ties of  E.  cafl^ra,  E.  gracilis,  E.  melananthera,  &c.,  are 
also  grown.    7.  D. 

Herbaceous  Plants.— What  are  we  to  under- 
stand by  "  herbaceous  plants  "  ?  I  find  that  at  flower 
shows  a  very  wide  latitude  is  given  to  this  term,  and 
in  a  stand  of  **  herbaceous  cut  flowers  '*  I  not  unfre- 
quently  see  Clematis  of  the  Jackmanni  type,  Roses, 
Pentslemons,  Gaillardias,  and  other  things  differing 
somewhat  widely  in  character.  It  is  difficult  for 
judges  to  disqualify  unless  they  are  prepared  to  give  an 
authoritative  definition  of  a  "herbaceous"  plant.  I 
perceive  that  a  writer  in  a  gardening  contemporary 
describes  herbaceous  plants  thus  : — "  They  differ  from 
shrubby  plants  in  the  limited  and  less  woody  nature  of 
their  growth,  and  in  dying  down  to  the  ground  every 
year  after  they  have  flowered,  and  their  leaves  and 
stems  have  performed  the  functions  necessary  to  their 
future  well-being."  Can  this  be  accepted  as  a  safe 
definition  ?  If  so,  then  Roses  and  Clematis  should 
find  no  place  in  a  stand  of  flowers  of  herbaceous 
plants.  Taking  flower  shows  generally,  I  should 
think,  judging  from  the  nature  of  the  subjects  shown 


sionally  treated  to  surface-dressings  of  soot.  As  all 
the  plants  are  standing  in  the  open  ground  it  was 
necessary  for  Mr.  Wildsmith  to  take  necessary  pre- 
cautions against  their  being  damaged  by  wind,  and 
therefore  he  hit  upon  the  plan  of  driving  into 
the  ground  two  stout  stakes,  one  at  each  end 
of  a  line  of  some  50  feet ;  four  strong  wives  are 
stretched  Irom  stake  to  stake,  and  against  these  wires 
the  plants  are  placed.  Each  plant  is  supported  by 
means  of  a  long  stout  stake,  not  placed  in  the  pots 
but  into  the  ground  behind  the  pots  ;  the  plants  are 
secured  to  the  stakes,  and  the  stakes  to  the  wires. 
They  are  so  secure  that  no  possible  harm  can  come  to 
them  through  being  blown  about  by  the  wind.  The 
height  to  which  some  of  them  have  grown  leads  the 
visitor  to  wonder  how  the  flowers  will  be  gathered, 
but  in  a  place  where  Vines  are  growing  upon  their 
heads  instead  of  their  roots,  one  need  not  wonder  at 
anything  being  accomplished.  Mr.  Wildsmith  is 
growinga  representative colleclion,  but  chieflyincurved 
Japanese  and  refined  varieties.  Where  he  will  stow 
away  all  his  plants  when  the  time  comes  to  house 
them,  is  enough  to  set  any  one  considering,  but  it  will 
have  to  be  accomplished  some  way  or  the  other.  In 
addition,  there  is  a  fine  lot  of  bush  specimens  of 
Chrysanthemums  that  will  be  valuable  for  decoration 
in  the  autumn  and  winter.  It  will  be  well  worth  a 
visit  to  Heckfield  to  see  the  Chrysanthemums  in 
November,  and  at  that  time  the  terrace  garden  will 
be  full  of  winter  occupants,  and  repay  an  inspection 
also.  R.  D. 


Fig.  83.— two-lipped  flower  of  cypripedium  superbiens. 


warded  to  us  by  Mr.  James,  Castle  Nurseries,  Norwood. 
In  this  flower  the  sepals,  s,  in  the  plan  fig.  84  were  in 
their  customary  position  ;  there  were  four  petals,  p,  the 
two  lower  ones  being  represented  by  pouch-shaped  lips; 
so  that  in  place  of  one  lip  there  were  two,  placed  side 
by  side  and  evidently  in  the  same'cycle  as  the  two  upper 
petals.  In  this  case,  therefore,  the  lips  cannot  be  con- 
sidered as  belonging  to  the  staminal  series.  The 
column,  COL,  with  its  shieldlike  staminode,  two  lateral 
fertile  stamens,  a  t,  a  2,  and  stigma,  showed  in  this 
flower  no  deviation  from  the  ordinary  conformation. 
It  is  possible  that  the  two  lips  may  have  arisen  from 
the  sub-division  of  one,  but  that  could  not  be  ascer- 
tained in  the  full-grown  flower.  M.  T.  A/. 

Erica  hyemalis. — If  the  summer-flowering  species 
of  Cape  Heaths  have  lost  something  in  popularity 
during  the  last  few  years,  the  winter- flowering  species 
seem  to  have  gained.  In  Messrs.  Low's  nursery  at 
Upper  Clapton  the  plants  in  preparation  for  the  winter 
supply  take  those  by  surprise  even  those  who  have 
had  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  London  trade  in 
these  Heaths  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  E.  hyemalis 
is  the  principal  species  grown  ;  there  are  60,000 
plants  in  5  and  6-inch  pots.  The  plants  stand  about 
18  inches  high  from  the  surface  of  the  pot,  and  many 
of  them  have  from  twenty  to  thirty  stems,  furnished 
the  whole  of  their  length  with  flower-buds.  Messrs, 
Low's  manager  considers  that  the  plants  are  finer 
his  year  than  they  ,ever  \  were  before.     Doubtless  the 


as  berbaceoous  plants,  that  anything  almost  that  is 
hardy  enough  to  stand  out-of-doors  all  the  winter  is 
regarded  as  admissible,  while  some  apply  it  to  tender 
things  such  as  the  Gaillardia.  Can  you  give  a 
definition  that  can  be  safely  accepted  by  judges,  and 
clear  away  the  doubts  which  exist  in  the  minds  of 
many,  and  especially  in  that  of  a  Perplexed  One,  [We 
agree  with  our  unnamed  contemporary — Roses,  Cle- 
matis Jackmanni,  and  Gaillardia,  certainly  are  not 
herbaceous  plants  in  the  ordinary  acceptation  of  the 
term.   Ed.] 

Chrysanthemums  at  Heckfield. — For  two  or 
three  years  past  at  least  Mr.  W.  Wildsmith  has 
proved  himself  a  successful  grower  and  exhibitor  of 
Chrysanthemums,  cultivating  a  select  collection,  and 
doing  it  well,  as  he  does  everything  else  in  the  gar- 
dening way  that  he  takes  in  hand.  Calling  upon 
him  a  few  days  since  I  found  that  he  has  this  season 
greatly  extended  his  collection,  and  has  now  between 
600  and  700  plants  in  pots,  the  larger  part  of  them 
on  single  stems  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  exhibi- 
tion blooms.  They  were  raised  from  cuttings  taken 
in  December  and  January  :  that  they  have  done  well 
is  seen  from  the  enormous  stems  they  have  made, 
their  vigorous  growth  and  large  dark  leaves,  and  the 
height  to  which  they  have  attained.  If  all  goes  well, 
as  there  is  abundant  evidence  to  believe  it  will,  some 
grand  flowers  should  result.  The  plants  are  well 
looked  after  in  the  matter  of  watering,  and  are  occa- 


Narcissus  viridiflorus.— I  have  just  succeeded 
in  flowering  this  species  from  bulbs  I  collected  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Gibraltar  in  the  autumn  of 
1883.  I  have  been  in  doubt  whether,  like  some 
other  autumn-flowering  bulbous  plants,  it  has  a 
double  period  of  growth — an  autumn  growth  of  the 
flowering  scape  and  a  separate  vernal  growth  of  the 
leaves ;  hut  I  am  now  satisfied  that  there  is  but  one 


growing  period  in  which  flowering-scapes  or  leaves, 
or  both  together,  are  thrown  up  in  the  autumn,  the 
leaves  continuing  to  grow  late  into  the  spring  ;  then 
with  the  hot  weather  comes  the  long  period  of  rest 
from  April  or  May  to  September.  My  potted  bulbs, 
last  year,  continued  to  produce  a  free  growth  of  leaves 
up  to  the  end  of  last  May.  I  then  dried  them  off 
and  repotted  about  the  beginning  of  August,  standing 
them  for  about  a  month  under  the  conservatory  stage, 
and  then  removed  them  to  a  slightly  heated  pit  in 
which  leaves  are  being  rapidly  produced  with  the 
flowering  scape.  I  can  detect  no  difference  of  char- 
acter or  structure  between  the  leaf  and  the  scape, 
indeed  it  seems  that  the  rush-like  growths,  call  them 
leaves  or  scapes,  are  identical  in  their  nature,  the 
stronger  growths  only  producing  flowers.  I  believe 
the  difficulty  attending  the  flowering  in  cultivation  of 
many  autumn-flowering  bulbous  plants,  e.g..  Nar- 
cissus viridiflorus,  N.  serotinus,  N.  elegans,  &c.,  is, 
that  they  are  kept  growing  when  they  ought  to  be  at 
rest,  and  that  we  often  reverse  and  mix  up  their 
natural  periods  of  growth  and  of  rest  in  cultivation. 
George  Maiv,  F.L.S,,  Benthall,  Kenley,  Surrey. 

Peas,  Telephone  and  other  Kinds. — At  p.  371 
I  was  very  pleased  to  see  Mr.  J.  Rust's  account  of 
the  Telephone  Pea.  I  have  grown  it  two  seasons, 
and  my  experience  is  just  the  same  as  that  stated  by 
Mr.  Rust.  I  shall  not  grow  it  again,  and  feel  sure 
it  will  be  out  of  cultivation  in  a  few  years'  time. 
After  growing  the  new  Pea,  Prodigy,  sent  out  by 
Messrs.  Veitch  &  Son  (I  had  only  one  row  of  it  this 
year)  I  can  say  it  is  the  grandest  Pea  I  ever  saw,  and 
that  it  has  the  largest  and  best  filled  pod  I  have  ever 
seen.  This  is  a  distinct  green  wrinkled  marrow  variety, 
and  is  first-class  in  quality,  a  heavy  cropper,  and  the 
plant  a  robust  grower,  and  resists  drought  and 
mildew.  It  grows  to  a  height  of  from  5  to  6  feet. 
When  this  grand  Pea  gets  better  known  we  shall 
hear  but  little  more  about  Telephone.     I  will  mention 


4o6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[SrrTEMRi'.R  25,  1886. 


a  few  of  the  best  kinds  I  find  do  best  here,  and  I  sow 
36  quarts  per  annum  :— Eirly  Sunrise,  Lixlon's 
Alpha,  William  I..  Criterion,  Prodigy,  Veitch's  Per- 
fection, Marvel,  British  (  ^leen,  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  King 
of  Marrows,  and  Sturdy.  The  last  four-named  kinds 
I  am  picking  daily,  and  am  likely  to  continue  doing 
BO  till  the  end  of  October  or  Nnvember  if  the  season 
keeps  mild.    W,  Smythey  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park^ 

Ail07t, 

Classification  of  Dahlias.— I  am  glad  you  have 
called  attention  to  the  urgent  necessity  for  a  better 
classification  of  Dihlias.  For  snme  seasons  past,  and 
at  local  flower  shows  in  paiticulir,  there  has  been  a 
growing  confusion  between  the  two  classes  of  show 
and  fancy  varietie?.  To  be  sure  there  is  but  little 
difficulty  amongst  practical  men,  and  it  is  mostly  the 
less  experienced  growers  who  fail  to  see  where  the 
one  cla^s  ends  and  the  other  begins.  One  reason  for 
much  of  the  comfjlaint  lies  in  the  fact  that  competitors 
accept  the  lists  given  in  nursery  catalogues,  and  are 
thereby  led  to  place  fancies  in  stands  of  show  varieties, 
ox  7'ice  versd,  without  considering  that  when  a  fancy 
variety  throws  a  self  flower  (which  several  varieties 
often  do),  the  flowei  thus  thrown  i?,  of  course, 
quite  di>qua!itied  from  being  exhibited  a?  a 
fancy.  Even  nurserymen  are  not  blamelesp,  for  I 
find  that  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  of  Sdhsbury. 
and  others  to  whom  my  attention  has  been  drawn 
this  season,  catalogue  Staftiiid  Gem,  a  very  old  fancy 
variety,  asa  show  Dahlia.  I  think  your  proposed  new 
division  of  classes  a  much  needed  improvement,  and  one 
which  would  greatly  simplify  our  catalogue?.  But  in 
my  opinion  an  even  simpler  classification  would  be  to 
abolish  the  present  divisions  of  show  and  fancy,  and 
classify  the  blooms  according  to  their  prevailing 
colour.  Thus  we  would  have,  say,  whites,  yellows, 
ciimsons,  and  purples,  with  all  the  intermediate  shades 
grouped  round  their  respective  primary  colours. 
Tipped  and  striped  varieties  would  have  to  bs  rtle- 
cated  to  the  colour  of  which  they  showed  most. 
yumcs  Service^  Maxwelllown^  Dumfries,  N.  B. 

Fachsia  coryrnbiflora, — What  has  become  of 
Fuch>ii  cjrymbiflora  ?  I  know  many  gardens  all 
over  Ireland,  and  only  remember  having  seen  it  with 
Mr.  IJurbidge  in  the  greenhouse  of  the  fine  old  gardens 
attached  to  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  Within  the 
past  few  weeks  I  have  been  much  around  London, 
including  Kew,  the  "Home  for  Flowers,"  &c.,  and 
cannot  remember  having  seen  ir.  The  query  is  sug- 
gested by  an  old  Irish  gardener  having  told  me  of 
several  places  in  the  south  of  Ireland  where,  thirty 
years  ago,  he  saw  it  and  (ulgens  dotted  at  eveiy 
io  yards  along  an  avenue  an  Irish  mile  long,  and  lt:fr 
out  in  the  winter,  merely  covered  with  bracken.  I 
know  the  latter  will  live  through  the  winter,  as  does 
F.  corymbiflora,  but  is  it  not  a  mistake  to  allow  such 
good  things  to  become  so  scarce  ?  IF.  J,  Murphy, 
Clonviel. 

Delphiniums.  —  A  collection  of  beautiful  Del- 
phiniums, shown  by  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  nursery- 
men of  Langport,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horii- 
cultural  Society  on  September  7,  scarcely  got  the  re- 
cognition their  beauty  and  distinctness  deserved. 
There  were  fruit  and  Dahlia?,  and  other  things, 
in  large  collections,  and  these  engaged  the  atten- 
tion of  the  visitors  to  the  exclusion  of  other 
things  of  a  less  imposing  character.  Some  of  the 
varieties  from  Langport  were  parliculaily  distinct, 
especially  those  of  a  single  and  semi  double  char- 
acter, with  large  rounded  petals  and  saucer-shaped 
flowers  having  a  bold  centre  of  white  stamen?. 
These  took  the  eye  at  once  ;  deep  blue  and  violet 
with  white  centres  went  well  together.  I  made  a 
note  of  the  following  as  represented  by  bold  and 
massive  spikes  of  a  very  showy  character  : — Her 
Majesty,  semi-double ,  bright  blue  dashed  with  bronze, 
fine  and  striking  ;  Nemesis,  a  very  fine  and  distinct 
single  variety,  deep  blue,  with  white  anthers,  flowers 
large  and  bold  ;  Trophce,  deep  azure-blue,  large  and 
fine  ;  Rupert,  greyish  azure-blue  with  white  anthers. 
Very  fine  ;  Naharaah,  the  outside  petals  deep 
bright  blue,  the  inside  bronzy-magenta,  semi- 
double,  vny  fine  ;  Juno,  exterior  petals  very 
bright  blue,  the  inner  petals  blue  shaded  with 
pink,  semi-double,  very  fine  ;  Lord  Carrington, 
blue,  centre  bronzy-pink,  semi-double,  very  fine  ; 
Rembrandt,  deep  purple-blue,  with  white  anthers, 
very  fine ;  and  Shotover,  pale  blue,  the  centre 
slightly  dashed  with  pink,  white  anthers,  very  fine. 
It  would  be  a  very  ea^y  matter  to  extend  this 
list,  and  some  fine  older  varieties  might  be  added 
to  it,  such  as  alopecuroides.  Belladonna,  ccetesti* 
num,  formosum,  grandiflorum  plenum,  Keteletri, 
Madame  H.  Jacotot,  magnificum,  and  the  scarlet 
Dudicaule.  I  wonder  that  seedling  Delphiniums  are 
not  more  frequently  raised  by  lovers  of  hardy  flowers. 
By  sowing  the  seed  early  in  the  year  in  a  little  heat, 
and  then  growing  the  plants  on  into  size  as  soon  as 
possible,  and  putting  them  out-of-doors  into  a  bed  of 
good  soil,  they  are  made  annuals,  and  a  large  number 
of  these  will  bloom  the  same  season.  All  the  finer 
forms  can  be  planted  out  at  the  backs  of  the  flower 
borders,  the  inferior  ones,  not  being  worth  keeping, 


can  bs  destroyed.  When  seed  is  saved  a  select  few 
of  the  very  best  only  should  be  allowed  to  mature  a 
few  pods,  and  the  rest  be  cut  away,  as  it  weakens  the 
plants  if  they  are  permitted  to  mature  all  the  seed- 
pods  they  form.  Slugs  are  apt  to  injure  the  plants 
in  winter  and  spring  :  a  dressing  of  soot  will  help  to 
keep  them  at  bay,  and  ashes  about  the  roots  form  a 
barrier  to  progress  aNo.  D.  nudicaule  needs  some- 
what special  treatment,  being  of  a  more  ddllcite  cha- 
racter :  it  needs  a  lighter  soil,  and  it  has  the  pecu- 
liarity of  forming  its  corm-Iike  roots  near  the  surface  : 
it  is,  therefore,  a  good  plan  to  top-dress  the  plants 
occasionally  with  some  light  rich  soil.  A*.  Z). 

Clematis  vitalba. — This  plant  luxuriates  in  a 
truly  extraordinary  manner  in  Normandy.  On  all 
sides  the  masses  of  its  white  flowers  are  to  be  seen 
during  August.  I  should  almost  think  it  is  a 
perfect  pest  oftentimes,  as  in  one  in^tmce  when  I 
saw  it  spoiling  a  fine  Conifer  of  about  20  feet  in  height 
by  climbing  all  over  it,  and  even  webbing  the  upper 
branches  to  its  neighbours.  But  at  the  same  time  its 
festoons  of  blossoms  looked  very  pretty.  This  habit 
of  climbing  everywhere  has  its  advantages,  however, 
and  one  of  the  prettiest  of  sights  was  near  Caudebec, 
where  part  of  a  hi'l  had  been  cut  away  for  the 
railway  and  road.  This  left  a  steep  side  about  ^0  feet 
high.  The  Clematis  and  a  very  few  Braml>lei  had 
taken  complete  po<;s'?ssion  here  ;  not  a  sint;le  blank 
space  was  left,  When  this  bank  is  in  full  flower 
what  a  grand  sight  it  must  be  !  It  was  late  in  August 
when  I  passed  that  way,  and  there  were  to  be  seen 
but  the  last  few  flowers— even  that  was  fine  :  what, 
then,  must  it  have  been  ?  Le  Voyageur, 

Wasps. — In  reference  to  the  remarks  on  this  sub- 
iect  at  p.  371,  may  I  be  permitted  to  say  that  here 
the  '*  wasping  season,"  from  the  end  of  June  to  the 
middle  or  end  of  September,  is  the  garden  men's 
*'  harvest,"  and  an  unprecedentedly  bad  one  for  them 
this  season,  as  is  shown  by  the  sums  paid  for  the 
nests  when  compared  with  the  la^^t  four  years  : — 1SS3, 
^63  2i.  ;  1SS4.  jCSi  9^-  ;  iSSs,  /:45  3^-  ;  i«S6. 
^12  19*-.  We  pay  is.  per  rest,  the  queen  wasp 
being  produced  every  week  with  each  nest  during  the 
ten  or  twelve  weeks  over  which  the  wasping  season 
extends.  The  nests  are  buried  as  soon  as  they  are 
counted.    //    iV.    Ward,  Lono ford  CasMe. 

— —  In  the  spring  we  had  a  large  number  ofqueens, 
and  expected,  in  consequence,  great  annoyance  ;  but 
we  have  very  feiv,  in  fact,  less  than  have  ever  been 
known.    Thomas  Taylor^  Bockino^  Brain! ru.  Sept.  21, 

This  year  ihe    scarcity    of    wasps   is   remaik 

able,  and  more  particularly  as  Pears  and  Plums  are 
so  plentiful.  At  the  same  period  last  year  almost 
all  ripe  ftuit  here  was  destroyed  by  wasps,  if  not 
protected,  and  we  destroyed  over  600  wasps'  nests 
within  a  radius  of  one  mile  round  the  gardens  and 
park,  and  we  have  so  destroyed  them  there  for  the 
list  five  years.  List  year  I  noticed  a  great  number 
of  queen  wasps  in  the  Pme-stoves,  vineries,  and  other 
glasshouses,  and  took  great  care  to  destroy  them 
all.  I  never  remember  having  seen  here,  or  in  any 
other  part  of  England,  so  few  wasps  and  nests.  I 
have  only  heard  of  five  nests,  and  have  not  seen 
twenty  wasps  this  month.  I  quite  believe  that  most 
M  the  early  nests  of  wasps  were  destroyed  last  May 
and  June  by  the  cold  days  and  nights,  and  the  heavy 
rains,  which,  no  doubt,  drowned  hundreds  of  wasps. 
But  it  is  most  interesting  to  noie  that  since  we  have 
had  no  wasps  the  bees  have  taken  to  devouring  the 
ripe  fruits — first  the  (iooseberries,  and  now  the  Plums 
are  covered  with  bees,  sucking  their  juices  from  them. 
//'//;.  Smythe,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park,  Alion. 

Non-growth  of  Primula  Seed. — I  note  the. 
query  on  this  subject  at  p.  372,  and  the  sensible 
editorial  advice  to  keep  it  under  proper  conditions,  as 
they  will  probably  vegetate  in  the  spring.  Permit 
me  to  supplement  this  by  advising  Mrs.  Atibot  not  to 
cast  away  the  seeds  as  hopeless  till  the  spring  of  18SS, 
as  the  finest  lot  of  seedlings  of  Primula  japonici  I 
ever  raised  laid  fully  eighteen  months  in  the  soil 
before  germinating,  and  several  came  up  in  the 
reserved  seed-pans  after  two  years.  Possibly  not 
a  few  good  seeds  of  Primroses  and  other  plants 
are  lost  through  impatience.  So  many  seeds 
come  up  quickly  that  we  lack  the  patience  to 
wait  for  the  laggards,  though  why  some  seeds 
from  the  same  sowing  should  germinate  promptly, 
others  slowly,  and  yet  others,  apparently  equally 
good,  not  at  all,  is  a  problem  that  greatly  needs 
"further  elucidation.  Neither  are  the  causes  of  the 
truth  that  has  almost  passed  into  a  truism  among 
cultivators,  that  the  older  the  seed  the  longer  in 
germinating,  altogether  obvious.  Further,  is  this  so 
generally  true  as  to  entitle  it  to  rank  as  an  absolute 
fact  ?  I  very  much  question  it.  Though  it  is  a  long 
way  from  Primroses  to  Turnips,  *'A.  D.'s"ncleon 
the  slow  growth  of  the  latter  from  old  seeds  (see  p.  371) 
has  probably  an  important  bearing  on  the  question. 
The  peculiarity  of  the  Turnip  case,  as  s-tated,  is  not  the 
slow  germination  of  the  seed,  but  the  slow  growth  of 
the  plants  afterwards,  the  progie's  of  the  plants  from 
the  old  seeds  being  in  his  case  so  slow  as  to  lose  him  the 


season  and  the  crop.  This  is  a  view,  and  from  the 
cultivator's  standpoint  a  vitally  important  view,  of 
the  correlation  of  age  of  seed  to  growth.  It  is  also 
singular  as  confirming  a  fancy  of  the  old  cultivators 
that  old  seeds  favoured  fertility  at  the  expense  of 
mere  extension  or  vigour.  But  these  views,  if 
correct,  would  have  limited  the  top-growth  and 
stimulated  the  bulb-growth  of  the  Turnips,  whereas 
in  the  case  of  "  A.  D,'s"  Turnips  the  growth  of  the 
entire  plant  was  so  sluggish  as  to  entail  the  loss  of 
the  crop.  If  this  is  possible  in  the  case  of  Turnips 
of  course  it  is  equally  so  in  regard  to  other  plants, 
fruits,  and  vegetables,  and  may  exert  (he  most  potent 
power  on  products  or  profits.  D.  71  Fish. 

Tropaeolum  Lobbianum.— I  have  been  astonished 
to  find  that  the  beautiful  Tropaeolum  Lobbianum  is  so 
little  known  at  the  present  day  ;  indeed,  it  seems 
quite  possible  that,  unless  attention  is  called  to  its 
merits,  it  may  soon  slip  out  of  cultivation  altogether. 
It  is  catalogued  by  the  London  seedsmen,  and  some- 
thing is  sent  out  for  it  by  the  German  seed-growers, 
but  some  at  least  of  both  of  these  classes  know  it  not. 
What  I  buy  for  it  in  London  is  the  common  T.  majus, 
and  one  at  least  of  the  CJerman  growers  asserts  that 
this  is  the  true  plant,  and  describes  the  difference 
between  the  two  as  consisting  in  the  longer  stems  of 
what  they  call  T.  Lobbianum.  T.  majas  is,  I  am 
told,  grown  largely  for  it  as  a  market  plant,  and 
?ome  country  nurserymen  I  have  learned,  since  my 
attention  has  been  directed  to  the  subject,  call  a 
variety  of  T.  majus  by  this  name  of  Lobbfanum.  I 
turned  to  some  of  'he  principal  plant  catalogues,  such 
as  Veitch's  and  Williams',  it  being  one  of  our  best 
cool  stove  winter  blooming  climbers,  but  find  no 
men'ionofil  in  them.  I  hope  I  have  been  excep- 
tionally unfotiunate  in  my  search  after  so  fine  and 
ornamental  a  plant,  not  diftlcult  to  grow,  and  which, 
therefore,  ought  not  to  be  uncommon.  I  find  it  is 
not  now  to  be  seen  in  some  of  our  London  public 
girdens,  such  as  Pattersea  Park  and  the  Regent's 
Park,  in  both  of  which,  I  think,  I  used  formerly  to 
meet  with  it  Dj  try  to  rescue  this  handsome  climber 
from  undeserved  oblivion.  M. 

Messrs.  Backhouse's  Rockwo.k.  —  Having 
often  heard  of  this  beaut. fal  rockwork,  I  was  fortu- 
nate enough  to  have  a  long-felt  wish  fulfilled  when  on 
a  business  tour  this  year  in  the  Noith  of  England  and 
Scotland  I  was  enabled  to  pay  it  a  visit.  This  piece 
of  work  so  far  exceeded  my  expectations,  that  I  feel  I 
must  write  a  few  lines  concerning  it  in  your  columns, 
to  induce  amateurs  of  rockwork  and  alpine  plants  to 
go  and  see  it  as  soon  as  they  can,  as  I  feel  convinced 
that  they  will  be  amply  repaid  for  their  journey.  The 
rockwotk  is  about  350  feet  long,  200  feet  broad,  and 
from  20  to  3^  feet  high.  It  consists  of  immense  stones 
put  together  in  a  way  so  as  boldly  to  imitate  Nature  ; 
a  nice  piece  of  water  with  shallow  spots,  io  which 
stones  are  put  so  as  to  enable  visitors  to  walk  over 
them,  greatly  adds  to  its  charm.  The  whole  is 
planted  with  exquisite  alpines.  Ferns,  &c.,  the 
names  of  which  arc  too  many  to  enumerate.  I  can 
only  say  that  during  the  whole  year  flowers  of  some 
kind  are  to  bs  seen.  It  is  a  great  pity  that  rock- 
works  are  so  rartly  met  with  in  garden^  as  they  add 
a  permanent  charm  to  them.  Besides  the  rockwork, 
Messrs.  Backhouse's  nunnery  is  amply  woithy  a  visit 
f'lr  the  interesting  colleclions  of  plants  of  all  kinds, 
7.  M,  C.  Jonokindi  Coninck,  Dedcmsvaar,  neart 
Zwolle,  I^ethe>dands. 

Primrose  Seeds.— Ilerr  Max  Leichtlin  recom- 
mends that  Primula  seed  should  always  be  on  the 
surface  of  the  soil  without  being  covered  up  at  all. 
Possibly,  therefore,  Mrs.  Abbot's  seed  has  been  buried 
too  deeply.  H.  E, 

Strawberry  Plants.— The  demand  for  these  is 
always  so  large  that  Strawberries  are  largely  grown 
by  some  to  produce  "runners"  for  sale.  Strawberry 
culture  of  this  character  is  made  a  specialty  by  Messrs. 
James  Carter  &  Co.  at  their  Crystal  Palace  Nurseries, 
but  they  do  not  leave  the  runners  on  the  beds  till 
required  for  the  execution  of  orders,  as  is  the  case 
with  some,  but  they  are  taken  from  the  beds  as  sooo 
as  large  enough,  and  planted  in  good  soil  in  cold 
frames,  and  being  kept  well  watered  soon  grow  into 
good  plants,  and  make  a  greater  headway  than  when 
allowed  to  remain  on  the  bed?.  The  task  of  executing 
orders  is  rendered  a  much  lighter  one,  and  it  can  also 
be  done  more  quickly,  and  despite  the  weather,  and 
when  frost  abounds  the  plants  can  be  protected  from 
its  action  in  cold  frames  and  orders  executed  duiing 
its  prevalence  if  necessary.  /»'.  D. 

The  Cedar  at  Bretby  Park  —I  was  interested  in 
seeing  the  engraving  of  the  old  Cedar  in  the  Chebea 
Botanic  Garden,  and  enclose  you  a  photograph  of  the 
one  here,  which  came  to  England,  it  is  believed,  at 
the  same  time  as  the  Chelsea  tree,  and  the  late 
Countess  of  Chesterfield  used  to  say  that  according 
to  some  old  documents  in  the  possession  of  the  family 
it  was  planted  in  1676.     The  tree  is  very  lol'iy  and 


SErTEMRER   25, 


TilJl     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


407 


coble  looking.  G.  Brunt^  gr.  [The  photograph 
obligingly  sent  by  our  correspondent  shows  that  the 
bole  divides  into  t*o  main  divisions  at  some  consider- 
able height  from  the  ground,  and  (hat  the  branches 
spread  mostly  in  a  horizontal  direction  ;  some  seem  to 
to  have  been  lost  by  weight  of  snow  or  other  cause, 
and  others  are  secured  by  chains.  It  would  be  of 
interest  to  know  the  girth  at  5  feet  from  the  ground 
and  the  height.  Ed.] 

Leycesteria  formosa. — The  behaviour  of  this 
plant  in  Britain,  according  to  the  testimony  of  several 
writers  and  authors,  has  been  disappointing,  or  the 
reverse  of  satisfactory.  Those  who  have  seen  it  in  its 
Himalayan  borne  speak  of  the  high  coloralioQ 
attained  by  the  bracts  and  berries.  When  first  culti- 
vated in  the  Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden  it  was  grown 
in  heat,  and  flowered  in  1838,  but,  as  might  be 
expected  under  such  conditions,  the  bracts  were  pale 
and  unattractive,  the  leaves  larger,  thinner,  and  more 
cut.  Farther  north  in  the  open  shrubbery  the  plant 
ii  generally  killed  down  in  winter,  but  as  summei' 
advances  it  sends  up  long,  hollow,  WiUow-like  bhools, 
that  frequently  flower  freely  enough,  but  the  bracts 
are  green,  or  slightly  tinged  with  purple,  and  alto- 
gethtr  too  pale  to  atiord  sufllcient  contrast  to  the 
white  or  pale  purplish  flowers.  Its  hardiness  there  is 
Very  severely  testtd.  In  the  neighbourhood  of 
London  it  flowers  frefly  enough,  and  even  fruits,  but 
in  most  cases  ihe  indilTerently  coloured  bracts  are 
liible  to  the  sams  fault  as  in  the  above-mentioned 
case.  Wherever  I  have  witnessed  it,  however,  in  mari- 
time localities,  there  is  a  marked  difference  in  the 
coloration  of  the  bracts;  whereas  the  u-uxl  colour 
inland  is  green,  more  or  less  tinged  with  dull  purple, 
especially  that  of  the  upper  and  smaller  bracts,  at 
Saundersfoot  in  Pembrokeshire  the  bushes  in  the 
villa  and  cottage  gardens  a'tain  a  height  of  5  or  6 
feet,  while  the  large  bracts  of  the  terminal,  droop- 
ing, and  tasse!-like  inflorescence  acquires  a  deep 
brownish. purple  of  remark  a!)le  richness  in  tint. 
la  the  lower  and  older  part  of  the  inflorescence 
berries  begin  to  forcn  and  gradually  acquire  a 
reddish-purple  colour  that  deepens  almost  to  black, 
while  at  the  tips  of  the  shoots  the  berries  are  still 
small  or  flowers  even  may  be  present.  The  same 
remarks  apply  to  (lints  in  shrubberies  at  Ventnor,  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  in  collage  gardens  at  Bitile, 
in  Sussex.  In  ihese  latter  places  the  btaary  of  the 
fruit  and  inflorescence  argues  in  favour  of  a  more 
extended  cultivation  than  it  even  now  enjoys,  and 
planters  would  do  well  to  give  it  a  sheltered  but 
sunny,  open  position,  in  order  to  obtain  the  highly 
desirable  coloration,  even  in  spi  e  of  the  fact  that  it 
grows  in  Oik  and  Pine  forests  at  an  elevation  of 
6000  — Sooo  feet  in  its  native  home.  It  has  been 
recommended  as  a  covert  plant  v;here  pheasants  are 
reared,  and  which  are  fond  of  the  berries.  Whether 
or  not  it  ever  attains  any  popularity  from  this  economic 
point  of  view  it  certainly  deserves  a  trial  under  dif- 
ferent conditions  in  order  to  test  fully  its  character  as 
a  decorative  i-htub.  Loudon  must  have  been  mis- 
taken {7>(VJ-  and  Shrubs  of  Great  Britain,  p.  543) 
when  he  stated  ihat  the  berries  are  equal  in  size  to  a 
common  sized  Gooseberry.  They  are  oval  in  outline, 
but  more  comparable  in  size  to  that  of  a  Pea.  For- 
tunately the  plant  is  easy  to  propagate  from  cuttings 
in  a  growing  state,  or  after  the  shoois  are  tolerably 
ripened  in  autumn,  or  by  seeds  It  is  by  no  means 
fistidious  as  to  soil  provided  it  is  moderately  rich  and 
well  drained,  while  a  dry  or  sandy  soil  would  probably 
promote  a  richer  coloration  of  the  bracts.  The 
figure  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  3699,  is  fairly 
representative  of  the  species,  but  fails  to  give  an  im- 
pression of  the  intensity  of  colouring  attained  by  plants 
growing  in  maritime  localities,    /.  F. 

Cucumbers. — It  is  worth  asking  why  it  is  that 
the  popularity  once  so  strongly  shown  in  favour  of 
spined  fruits  now  seems  almost  invariably  given  to 
smooth  or  spineless  kinds  ?  It  cannot  be  said  that  in 
making  this  change  anything  is  gained  by  the  con- 
sumer. We  have  nothing  added  in  the  way  of  flavour 
or  in  tpxture  t>f  flesh  ;  we  have  nothing  added  in 
the  way  of  prolificacy.  We  get  perhaps  r.ither  more 
of  beauty  if  perfectly  smooih  fruits  are  more  beautiful 
than  are  prickly  ones,  and  also  rather  more  of  length, 
but  beyond  those  features  nothing  seems  gained. 
Very  probably  it  will  be  found  on  inquiry  that  to 
exhibitions  do  we  owe  this  change  more  than  to  any 
other  cause.  Naturally  judges  would  favour  smooth 
spineles<?  fruits  because  they  bore  a  prettier  appear- 
ance. It  is  rather  odd  that  whilst  we  eat  both  Melons 
and  Cucumbers  in  the  raw  state  yet  we  almost  inva- 
riably make  it  a  condition  that  the  former  shall  have 
good  flavour,  or  at  any  rate  select  those  for  prizes 
showing  best  flavour,  whiht  Cucumbers  are  judged 
by  length  and  appearance  alone.  V,  as  often  happens, 
the  finest  and  handsomest  of  Melons  in  a  competition 
are  the  worst  flavoured,  might  not  the  same  thing 
happea  in  a  competition  for  Cucumbers?  Again,  it 
is  the  rule  to  place  Melons  upon  the  dessert  table 
whole,  and  naturally  a  handsome  looking  one  makes  an 
attractive  feature.  Cucumbers,  on  iheotherband,  rarely 


appear  on  the  table  in  a  whole  state ;  indeed,  those  who 
partake  of  them  at  table,  probably  seliom  see  them 
whole,  and  yet  we  in  our  judgments  absolutely 
reverse  the  order  of  thing;  by  givmg  prizes  to  Melons 
for  flavour  regardless  of  beauty  and  to  Cucumbers  for 
beauty  regardless  of  flavour.  Again  length  and  even 
beauty  or  smoothness  in  a  fruit  afford  no  criterion  as 
to  the  rehiive  cropping  properties  of  the  kind  it 
represents.  It  may  be  that  the  plant  which  produced 
it  stops  at  ten  or  twelve  fruity  whilst  another  shorter 
kind  will  produce  three  limes  a?  many  fruits.  What 
gardener  is  there,  after  all,  m  spite  of  the  priz:- 
winning  value  of  the  first-named  kind,  who  would 
not  prefer  the  same  prolific  plant  because  it  would 
enable  him  to  fully  satisfy  the  demands  of  his  family. 
Judges  would  demur  to  tasting  Cucumbers  in  order  to 
ascertain  flavour  and  very  naturally  so,  as  it  would 
prove  an  exceedingly  unpleasant  duly,  and  still  farther 
not  a  few,  owing  lo  vitiated  tastes,  are  unable  to  dis- 
cern the  true  points  in  flavour  found  in  many  vege- 
tables. None  the  les>,  if  the  flavour  test  may  not  be 
applied,  why  should  they  invariably  go  for  large 
fruits?  It  is  true  I  have  met  with  some  exceptional 
judgments,  but  even  then  only  when  larger  fruits  have 
been  old  or  ill-shaped  ;  still  the  general  practice 
remains  to  favour  the  longest  kinds  if  they  can  be 
found  in  preference  to  shorter  fruits.  Long,  straight, 
and  smooth  frails  invariably  win  ;  short sr  and 
specially  spiny  fruits  are  neglected.  Now  in 
growing  Cucumbers  I  have  been  struck  with 
the  very  prolific  nature  of  that  fine-spined 
kind,  Blue-gown,  one  of  the  best,  deepest 
coloured,  and  most  prolific  of  all  the  family.  As 
compared  with  long  smooth  kinds  the  formtr 
throws  fruit  not  merely  at  almost  every  joint,  bat  in 
many  cases  two,  ihree,  and  four  fruits  are  clustered 
at  a  joint.  Of  course  so  many  cannot  be  left,  but 
ample  evidence  is  thus  given  of  its  prolific  qualities. 
Then  Bluegown,  as  its  name  implies,  is  ot  a  deep 
bluiah-green  colour,  and,  farther,  carries— what  so  few 
of  ihe  smooth  kinds  do — a  dense  bloom  on  the  surface. 
That  may  or  may  not  be  evidence  of  quality,  but  at 
least  it  is  a  pleasing  feature,  because  it  exhibits  good 
cultivation.  If  Cucumbers  were  eaten  in  their  skins 
no  doubt  the  prickly  spines  found  in  Bluegown  and 
similar  kinds  would  be  very  objectionable,  but 
Cucumber  coatings  are  indigestible,  aod  invariably 
removed  before  tne  fruits  ate  served  up.  We  have 
new,  or  what  are  called  new,  Cucumbers  olT;:red  in 
trade  from  lime  to  time,  but  few  indeed  now  present 
any  special  features  of  interest  or  novelty.  In  smooth 
kinds  Telegraph,  if  a  good  selection,  still  furnishes 
fruits  which  satisfy  the  description  of  a  dozen  others, 
and  what  is  peculiarly  noticeable  in  any  spscial 
Cucumber  competition  is,  that  rarely  do  any  two  of  thi 
samples  shown  in  the  class  agree  in  character.  If  all 
are  bond  fiJe,  then  does  this  fact  ilhutrate  the  not 
unknown  erratic  nature  of  many  so-called  distinct 
kinds.  In  reference  to  this  matter  it  is  certain  that 
Bluegown,  amongst  the  spiny  section,  not  only 
comes  always  true,  but  can  easily  be  distinguished.  I 
hope  in  thus  drawing  attention  to  its  obvious  merits 
I  may  not  assist  in  iis  rebaptism.  A.  D, 

Mr.  Laxton's  New  Peas  —  Charmer  and 
Walton  Hero. — I  have  grown  these  Peas  under 
most  favourable  conditions,  and  with  very  satisfactory 
results  duiiog  the  present  season.  Charmer  attained 
to  a  height  of  5A  feet,  the  haulms  being  heavily  laden 
with  large  handsomely  curved  pods,  each  containing 
on  an  average  nine  Peas  of  excellent  quality.  It 
appears  to  be  less  liable  to  the  attacks  of  mildew  than 
many  of  the  older  varieties  are;  the  pods  are  dark 
green,  heavily  covered  with  bloom,  are  quite  distinct 
from  any  other  variety  that  I  am  acquainted  with, 
and  I  consider  it  an  acquisition  to  the  already  long 
list  of  Peas  in  cultivation.  Walton  Hero  is  the  result 
of  a  cross  between  Telephone  and  British  Haeen,  In 
habit  of  growth,  size,  shape,  and  colour  of  pods 
which  are  produced  too  thinly  on  the  haulms  to 
please  me),  it  partakes  strongly  of  Telephone.  H,  fK 
IVard. 

Cranberries  and  Cowberries. — Is  there  any 
way  of  distinguishing  at  sight  or  by  taste  the  berries 
of  Vaccinium  vitis  idjea,  commonly  called  Cowberries, 
or  Wliortleberries,  from  those  of  V,  oxycoccos,  the 
Cranberry  proper?  A  lady  sends  me  from  Inverness- 
shire  specimens  of  V.  vitis  ida^a,  with  ripe  berries, 
saying  that  they '  are  locally  called  Cranbarries. 
Basketfuls  of  small  scarlet  berries  are  sold  in  Inver- 
ness market  in  the  middle  of  September  as  Cranber- 
ries, which  I  suspect  to  be  the  fruit  of  V.  vitis  idsea. 
I  have  seen  oxycoccos  growing  plentifully  in  wet 
moors  in  Dumfriesshire,  and  also  in  Perthshire,  but  I 
do  not  think  it  is  common  in  the  more  northerly 
Highlands.  Perhaps  some  correspondent  who  knows 
the  Highlands  and  the  plants  well  will  tell  me. 
C.  IVolley  Dod,  Ed^e  Hall,  Malpas. 

German  Moss  Litter  for  Orchids.  — I  a  Wise 
Mr.  H.  J.  Buchan  (p.  371)  to  have  nothing  to  do 
with  this  as  a  material  for  potting  Orchids.  I  have 
seen  it,  or  something  of  the  same  nature,  experimented 


with  for  the  purpose  in  several  places,  and  although 
the  plants,  and  especially  fresh  imported  ones,  seem 
to  take  to  it  well  at  first,  in  a  little  time  it  gets  sour, 
rotten,  and  slimy,  if  kept  wet,  and  next  to  impossible 
to  wet  without  soaking,  if  once  allowed  to  get  dry,  in 
either  case  ruining  the  plant  in  the  end.  During  my 
time  I  have  tried  Cocoa-nut  fibre  and  other  thing--, 
but  never  found  anything  good  but  peat  or  bracken 
fibre  and  sphagnum  moss,  and  these  would  be  cheap 
at  higher  rates  than  they  now  command  in  comparison 
with  any  other  stuff,  such  as  Gecman  moss  litter. 
Jajues  O'Brien. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL  : 
September   21. 

There  were  no  competing  classes  at  this  exhibition 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  the  occasion  being 
merely  the  meetings  of  the  Fruit  and  Floral  Com- 
mittee?. The  display  of  flowers  was  very  large,  con- 
sisting principally  of  Dahlias  and  (iladioli,  wiih  other 
herbaceous  plants.  A  great  number  of  new  and 
interesting  plants  were  also  shown.  Apples  consti- 
tuted the  chief  feature  of  the  exhibits  which  came 
before  the  Fruit  Committee. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present:— G.F.  Wilson,  E<q.,  F.K.S.,  in  ihechjir  ; 
Messrs.  J.  Douglas,  T.  Baines,  Shirley  liibberd,  C. 
Paul,  W.  Holmes.  K.  Dean,  II.  Ballantine,  J. 
Dominy,  II.  M.  PoUctt,  A  S.  Lendy,  J.  O  Brien, 
H.  Turner,  H.  Cannell,  W.  Wilks.  C.  N  .i.le,  T. 
Hudson,  H.  Bennett,  G.  Dufti;ld,  Dr.  M.  T.  MasteiV. 
and  Amos  Perry. 

Among  the  principal  objects  shown  were  :  — 
CratiCj^ui  Lalandei.  —  Some  nice  pyramids  of  this 
were  shown  in  pots  by  Messrs.  Veitch.  It  is  a  form  of 
the  common  Pyracanlha,  but  produces  berries  earlier 
and,  if  possible,  more  profusely,  especially  if  work -d  on 
t!ie  Qu-nce.  Us  berries  are  rather  more  orange-joloured, 
iiad  ilie  leaves  somewhat  narrower  than  in  the  type. 

Divillia  sj'.ida  miJjr.—\  Fern  with  bold  deltoid  Iri- 
pinnate  fronds  of  leathery  texture,  the  ultimate  segments 
broadly  oblong-obtuse.     Mr.  Bull. 

Maranta  emiaens  (Hort.,  Bull).— A  form  with  stalked 
oblong  leaves,  with  a  greenish-cream  coloured  ground, 
on  which  are  scattered  transverse  oblong  blotches  of 
deep  green  colour  of  different  sizes,  atid  sometimes  con- 
nected with  the  midrib  by  short  slender  processes  ol  the 
same  colour. 

Cespedesia  discolor. — This  is  a  stove  shrub  or  tree,  with 
large  pendulous  oblong-lanceolate  acuminate  leaves,  the 
younger  ones  of  a  pale  chocolate-cream  colour,  li  was 
suggested  that  this  might  be  a  species  of  Grias. 

Sela^ineila  iesseitata.^X  handsome  Club-moss,  with 
erect  four-sided  branches,  and  flit  deltoid  fronds, 

Palicourea  ju^osa. — A  stove  shrub,  with  highly  deco- 
rative foliage,  having  shortly-stalked  opposite  lanceolate 
leaves  of  a  deep  velvety  green  colour  with  a  lilac  midrib. 
Bull. 

F.incrdtium  ^uianense. — A  speeies  whose  flowers  have 
very  narrow  reflexed  segments. 

Criaum  Powelli,  shown  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  and 
remark  ible  not  only  for  iis  handsome  flowers,  but  for  iis 
hardiness.  The  flowers  are  broadly  funnel-shaped, 
white  flushed  with  rosy-lilac,  and  borne  in  a  truss  of  six, 
eight,  or  even  more  flowers. 

Cyrtanthus  hybrida  rosea. — Several  plants  of  this  were 
also  shown  by  the  President  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
.Society.  They  are  the  progeny  of  a  cross  between  Val- 
loia  purpurea  and  a  Cyrtanthus,  and  vary  in  colour  : 
those  shown  were  of  a  rich  rose  colour. 

Cypripediu7n Sanderiatmm. — .\  remarkable  Cypriped, 
with  an  upper  lanceolate  sepal,  a  smaller  lower  one,  two 
narrow  purplish-brown  petals  prolonged  into  long  tails, 
a  long  lip  of  an  oUve-brown  colour  with  a  long  stalk 
compressed  from  side  to  side,  and  with  the  column  pro- 
vided with  a  very  long  spade-like  staminode.     Vdtch. 

Trevesia  pilmita. — An  Araliad,  with  spiny  stem,  and 
deeply  palniately  7-lobed  green  leaves,  the  lobes  oblong- 
lanceolate,  serrulate.     Veitcli. 

Curcuma  sumatrana. — A  species  with  long-stalked, 
oblong,  phcate  leaves,  and  erect  flower-stalks  provided 
with  concave,  shell-like  spreading  bracts  of  a  reddish 
colour. 

Rhododendron  Kin^  of  thi  Yellows. — One  of  Messrs. 
Veirch's  novelties,  in  the  way  of  the  so-called  greenhouse 
Rhododendrons,  and  bearing  a  truss  of  yellow,  fawn- 
coloured  flowers,  of  good  form  and  substance. 

A*.  Rose  P<:r/ectton. -~Aaol):iGt  hybrid  Rhododendron, 
with  pale  rose  flowers. 

Sela^^inella  gracilis.  —  A  Club-moss,  with  slender 
cyUndrical  upright  stem,  thinly  beset  with  small  scattered 
appressed  leaves,  and  flat  bipinnate  leaves,  the  pinnae 
linear-lanceolate,  with  rows  of  densely  packed  fine 
leaves.     Veitch. 

Grammatophyllum  Eilisii.  — A  massive  looking  Orchid, 
with  square  pseudobulbs  and  a  raceme  of  numerous 
flowers  of  triangular  outline,  the  segments  thick,  oblong, 
yellow,  densely  spotted  with  minute  brown  spots. 

Utmus  Peteursii  pendula. — A  very  pretty  weeping 
Elm— if  Elm  it  be — with  long  slender  pendent  branches 
and   alternate  rough  leaves,   equal   at  the   base  (not 


i 


4o8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  1886. 


oblique  as  in  most  Elms),  and  crumpled,  coarsely  toothed 
margins.  This  is  a  very  distinct  and  handsome  form, 
apparently  like  the  Japanese  U.  Kaki.  The  regularity 
of  the  base  ol  the  leaf  is  common  in  some  species  of 
Elm. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware.  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham, 
had  a  very  large  and  extensive  collection  of  cut  hardy 
herbaceous  flowers,  which  included  a  great  quantity  of 
Dahlias,  chiefly  noticeable  among  which  were  those  of 
the  Cactus  type,  which  were  shown  in  many  varieties 
nicely  grouped  in  a  sort  of  "ribbon"  pattern.  The 
singles  also  were  very  good,  especially  some  of  the 
bordered  and  edged  forms.  These  singles  were  grouped 
together  in  boxes,  and  well  displayed  by  the  fine  and 
elegant  foliage  of  Asparagus,  which  is  well  suited 
for  such  work.  Lilium  auratum  was  also  well  repre- 
sented, and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Asters  of  the 
Michaelmas  Daisy  type.  A  few  trusses  of  Phlox  Dnim- 
mondi  var.  were  also  shown. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  also 
contributed  a  large  collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  cut 
flowers.  The  group  from  this  firm  was  very  varied  in 
character.  The  most  noticeable  plants  were  Dahhas, 
but  Asters  were  well  represented.  We  must  also  spe- 
cially mention  Crocuses,  Polygonum  cuspidatum,  and 
Statice  latifolia.  Other  plants  were  Physostegia  spe- 
ciosa,  hardy  Cyclamen,  Potentillas,  Anemone  japonica, 
Campanula  pelviformis,  several  Composites,  &c.  From 
the  same  firm  came  a  collection  of  ornamental  trees  and 
shrubs  in  cut  specimens. 

Florists'  Flowers. 

Although  no  formal  prizes  were  offered  at  South  Ken- 
sington on  Tuesday  last,  there  was  yet,  in  addition  to  the 
subjects  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the  committee, 
large  contributions  from  nurserymen  and  others  that 
completely  filled  the  staging  round  the  sides  of  the 
spacious  conservatory,  and  greatly  delighted  the  visitors 
to  the  "Colindries."  Foremost  was  a  unique  collection 
of  100  spikes  of  Gladiolus,  shown  by  Messrs,  Kelway 
&  Son,  nurserymen,  Langport,  nearly  all  varieties  of 
their  own  raising  ;  particularly  fine  were  Lord  Burleigh, 
Countess  of  Craven,  Pulcherrima,  Duchess  of  Edinburgh, 
Abada,  Lady  Macfarren,  Mrs.  W.  Marshall,  Earl  of 
Airlie,  Sir  S.  Northcote,  Lady  Salisbury,  James  Kelway, 
brilliant  crimson,  with  white  throat  ;  Lord  AUington. 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  and  Prince  George  ;  also  cut  blooms 
of  fine  Gaillardias,  prominent  among  which  were  Agnes, 
yellow,  with  dark  centre  ;  St.  Blaise,  dark  centre,  with 
narrow  edge  of  gold  ;  and  Addison,  dark  centre,  with 
broad  margin  of  deep  yellow  ;  aUo  some  fine  quilled 
Asters. 

Dahlias  were  largely  shown,  the  fine  open  weather 
having  so  largely  contributed  to  prolong  their  beauty. 
Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  Romford,  had  a  varied  collec- 
tion, including  several  seedling  show  varieties.  A  First- 
class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  (^ueen  of  the  Bel- 
gians, a  charming  show  variety  in  the  way  of  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone, but  with  a  little  more  pink  in  it,  and  a  white  tip, 
good  form,  and  very  constant,  eighteen  blooms  being 
shown.  They  also  had  Robert  Pitfield,  lively  orange-red  ; 
R.  J.  Rawhngs,  a  good  useful  yellow  ;  T.  S.  Ware,  wine- 
crimson  ;  Mrs.  David  Saunders,  pale  purple  ;  J,  T.  West, 
yellow  ground,  deeply  edged  with  reddish-purple — a 
good  and  promising  variety  ;  Bryan  Wynne,  bright 
crimson  ;  and  Miss  Shelfield,  a  fancy  variety,  yellow 
ground,  edged  with  blush,  and  flaked  with  crimson. 
Also  a  stand  of  twenty-four  bunches  of  pompon,  and 
four  stands  of  show  and  fancy  Dahlias,  among  the 
former  being  good  blooms  of  R.  |.  Rawlings,  Shirley 
Hibberd,  Joseph  Green,  John  Standish,  Hugh  Austin, 
Mrs.  Gladstone,  Prince  of  Denmark,  Prince  Bismarck, 
William  Rawlings,  Rev.  J.  Godday,  George  Barnes  (in  a 
self  form),  Mr.  G,  Harris,  and  Harrison  Weir.  Fancy 
varieties :  James  O'Brien,  Peacock,  Rev.  J.  B.  M. 
Camm,  Lottie  Eckford,  Henry  Eckford,  Professor  Faw- 
cett.  Duchess  of  Albany,  and  Chorister. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt, 
contributed  a  large  and  varied  collection  of  Dahlias, 
some  bunches  of  the  green  form,  also  shown  by 
Mr.  Ware,  appearing  to  engage  the  attention  of 
visitors  to  the  exhibition  more  than  anything  else  in 
the  conservatory.  Of  show  Dahlias  they  had  good 
blooms  of  Mrs.  Langtry,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  Miss  Cannell, 
James  Huntley,  Ronald,  Lord  Chelmsford,  George 
Critchett,  George  Rawlings,  Vice-President,  Duke  of 
Edinburgh,  Georgiana,  and  Rosetta  ;  and  of  fancy  varie- 
ties— Peacock,  Richard  Dean,  John  Lamont,  Mrs. 
Carter,  Florence  Stark,  Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  A.  F. 
Barron,  George  Brown,  and  Mons.  Chauvi^re.  Of 
pompon  Dahlias  they  had  fine  bunches  of  Cupid, 
Lightning,  Guiding  Star,  Little  Dear,  Dr.  Webb,  Pure 
Love,  Glowworm,  The  Khedive,  Fanny  Weimer,  Co- 
quette, Dora,  Gem,  Darkness,  Dove,  and  A.  Hubner — 
a  good  representative  collection. 

Among  the  single  varieties  was  The  Quair,  rich 
bright  deep  crimson,  large,  and  of  the  finest  form — 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit ;  Fairie  Queen, 
Alba  magna  (Paul),  a  fine  new  white;  Canterbury  Tales, 
cerise-crimson  ;  Sunset,  Helen,  Mauve  Queen,  White 
Queen,  Harlequin,  Charlie,  Lucy  Ireland,  Paragon,  and 
Duchess  of  Westminster  ;  also  Cactus  Dahlias,  Gladioli, 
and  cut  Roses,  among  which  R.  rugosa,  both  as  flower- 
ing and  fruiting  sprays,  was  a  prominent  feature. 

Messrs.  Henry  Cannell  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Swanley, 
had  a  stand  of  new  Cactus  Dahlias,  and  First-class 
Certificates  were  awarded  to  the  following  two  varieties  : 
— Lady  M.  Marsham,  pale  red,  full  and  striking  ;  and 
Charming  Bride,  pale  ground  tipped  with  purple — large 
and  pretty  ;  also  the  following  : — Lady  Kerrison,  pale 
yellow,  margined  with  red  ;  Prince  Albert  Victor,  shaded 
crimson  ;  L^dy  E.  Dyke,  fine  yellow  ;  and  Our  Leader,  a 
semi-double  crimson. 

Mr.  Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  sent  a 
fine  fancy  Dahha,  named  Mrs.  Foster,  in  the  way  of 


Queen  of  Italy,  but  of  better  form,  and  edged  with 
magenta  and  buff^a  very  pleasing  and  promising 
flower  ;  and  the  same  award  was  made  for  the  following 
new  pompon  Dahlias  : — Don  Juan,  shining  maroon, 
small,  perfect  model  in  shape  ;  Gazelle,  pale  yellow, 
tipped  with  bright  purple  ;  and  lolanlhe,  white  and 
yellow,  with  dark  cerise  reverse — very  pretty  and  distinct. 
He  also  had  Lothair,  Eccentric,  Lady  Jane,  bright  red  ; 
Dandy,  Morgan,  and  Hector. 

Mr.  R.  H.  Munday,  Church  Street,  Basingstoke, 
was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  for  Cactus 
Dahlia  Empress  of  India,  crimson,  striped  with  maroon 
— fine  and  distinct. 

Mr.  G.  Harris,  Orpington,  Kent,  had  the  following 
new  show  Dahlias  : — Freedom,  a  pale  yellow  self ; 
Baroness,  deep  yellow  self  ;  and  Terra  Cotta,  a  mixture 
of  pale  red  and  brown. 

Mr.  G.  Humphries,  Chippenham,  was  awarded  a  First- 
class  Certificate  for  fancy  Dahlia  Valentine  Humphries, 
yellow  ground,  striped  with  crimson  and  edged  with 
delicate  pink.  He  also  had  John  Coope,  a  fancy,  blush 
ground,  flaked  and  spotted  with  maroon. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  again  had  one 
of  those  unique  collections  for  which  he  is  so  famous,  the 
main  feature  being  Dahlias,  the  Cactus  varieties  being 
prominent,  and  the  blooms  of  these  were  set  up  in  bold 
curves  and  segments,  making  a  very  imposing  display. 
A  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  to  Cochineal,  one 
of  the  Cactus  type,  crimson,  shaded  with  maroon,  well 
formed  and  very  showy  ;  Constance,  Mrs.  Hawkins, 
Juarezi,  Picta  formosissiraa,  William  Peace,  Mrs.  A. 
W.  Tait,  white  ;  Lady  E.  Dyke,  Fascination,  dehcate 
ground,  edged  with  pale  purple  ;  Prince  Alexander, 
yellow  and  pale  red,  striped  with  crimson  ;  King  of 
Cactus,  &c.  Of  pompon  varieties  the  following  were  fine 
bunches : — Rosetta,  Isabel,  Darkness,  Golden  Gem, 
White  Button,  Little  Arthur,  Prince  of  Liliputians,  E. 
T.  Jungker,  Titania,  Brunette,  Gem,  Minnie,  Favourite, 
White  Aster,  Rosalie,  Little  Duchess,  &c.  Single 
varieties  were  represented  by  striking  bunches  of  Mauve 
Qneen  Improved,  John  Downie,  rich  crimson  ;  Mrs. 
Conninck,  delicate  purple  on  a  white  ground  ;  Albert 
Victor,  Mrs.  Charles  Daniels,  white,  bordered  with 
scarlet,  very  pretty  and  distinct  ;  Pantaloon  Improved, 
Curiosity,  White  Queen,  Negress,  Chilwell  Beauty,  Miss 
Linaker,  Miss  Bowman,  and  Mrs.  CuUingford. 

Messrs.  William  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  had 
eight  boxes  of  Roses  that  were  charmingly  fresh  for  the 
season  of  the  year,  the  leading  varieties  were  Niphetos, 
Marie  Van  Houtte,  Mar^chal  Niel,  Ulrich  Brunner, 
Captain  Christy,  William  Allen  Richardson,  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Catherine  Mermet,  Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  Grand 
Mogul,  and  Baroness  Rothschild, 

First-class  Certificates. 

Cespedisia  discolor  (W.  Bull). 

Crataegus  Lalandei  {J.  Veitch  &  Sons). 

Crinura  Powellii  (Sir  T.  Lawrence). 

Cypripedium  Sanderianum  {J.  Veitch  &  Sons). 

Cyrtanthus  hybrida  rosea  (Sir  T.  Lawrence). 

Dahlias  :  Lady  M.  Marsham  and  Charming  Bride 
{Cannell  &  Sons)  ;  Gazelle,  lolanthe,  Don  Juan,  and 
Mrs.  Foster  (C.  Turner);  The  Quair  (Paul  &  Son)  ; 
Cochineal  (T.  S.  Ware)  ;  Queen  of  the  Belgians  (Raw- 
lings Bros.)  ;  Empress  of  India  (R.  H.  Munday)  ;  Val- 
entine Humphries  (G.  Humphries). 

DavalliasoHda  major  (W.  Bull). 

Rhododendrons  Rose  Perfection  and  Queen  of  Yellows 
(J.  Veitch  &  Sons). 

Selaginella  gracilis  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons) ;  S.  tesselata 
(W.  Bull). 

Ulmus  Pitteursii  pendula  (Paul  &  Son). 

Votes  of  Thanks  were  awarded  for 
Adiantum  cuneatum  elegans  (C.  Kershaw). 
Aquilegia  Rauwolfi  var.  aurea  (Paul  &  Son). 
Cattleya  Gaskelliana  Sunray  (Dr.  Duke). 
Curcuma  sumatrana  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons). 
Dianthus  Heddewigi.  Brilliant  (R.  Dean). 
Hydrangea,  blue  by  cultivation  (S.  Ford). 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present  : — T.  Francis  Rivers*  Esq..  in  the  chair  ; 
and  Messrs.  W.  Paul,  W.  Warren,  G.  Norman,  J. 
EUam,  J.  Smith,  J.  Burnett,  George  Bunyard,  P. 
Crowley,  S.  Ford,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  C.  Silverlock, 
Harrison  Weir,  and  T.  B.  Haywood. 

A  large  collection  of  over  100  dishes  of  Apples  was 
exhibited  by  Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Sons,  Waltham  Cross, 
Herts.  All  were  very  good  samples,  and  especially  so 
were  Alfriston,  Worcester  Pearmain,  Lord  Suffield, 
Stirling  Castle,  Cellini  Pippin,  Warner's  King,  Tower  of 
Glamis.  Ecklinville  Seedling,  Wellington,  Scarlet  Admir- 
able, Cox's  Orange,  Small's  Admirable,  and  Blenheim 
Orange. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  of  Cheshunt,  also  contributed  a 
fine  lot  of  Apples,  the  number  of  dishes  shown  not  being 
quite  a  hundred.  The  fruits  were  fine  and  very  clean 
samples,  and  some  of  them  had  the  appearance  of  being 
grown  under  glass.  The  most  noteworthy  included  : — 
Warner's  King,  Fearn's  Pippin,  King  of  the  Pippins, 
Lord  Suffield,  Cox's  Pomona,  Grenadier,  Lane's  Prince 
Albert,  Summer  Strawberry,  Ecklinville  Seedling. 
Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Winter  Hawthornden,  and  Peas- 
good's  Nonsuch. 

Messrs.  H.  Lane  &  Son,  Berkhamsted,  exhibited  five 
of  their  well-known  pot  Vines,  which  were  as  good  as 
usual.  The  sorts  were  : — Alicante,  a  good  specimen  ; 
two  pots  of  Foster's  Seedling,  Black  Hamburgh — this 
was  rather  deficient  in  colour  ;  and  Gros  Colraar. 

Mr.  Thos.  Laxton,  Bedford,  exhibited  Lnxton's 
Sandy    Prize    Onion,    greatly     resembling    the    white 


Spanish  ;  it  is  of  a  convenient  size,  and  pretty  in  appear- 
ance ;  Laxton 's  new  white  Runner  Bean,  The  Czar, 
which  was  about  12  inches  in  length  ;  Laxton's  Open-air 
Tomato,  of  which  both  fruit  and  a  plant  bearing  fruit 
were  shown.  Both  had  been  taken  from  between  rows 
of  Peas  in  the  open  air.  The  plant  had  a  great  quantity 
of  fruit  on  it,  which  was  of  medium  size.  This  was 
referred  to  Chiswick  for  trial.  The  Dartmouth  Crab,  a 
highly  decorative  variety,  was  also  shown  by  this 
exhibitor.  The  fruit  at  first  sight  resembles  in  shape, 
size,  and  colour  a  Victoria  Plum,  and  is  covered  with  a 
thick  bloom.  The  tree,  shown  in  a  pot,  was  a  mass  ot 
fruit.    A  vote  of  thanks  was  awarded  to  this. 

Mr.  W.  RoupeU,  Roupell  Park.  S.W.,  showed  Pear 
Fertility  in  a  pot.  It  appears  to  be  very  appropriately 
named.  Grape  Madresfield  Court  Muscat,  the  berries 
of  which  were  of  large  size  and  the  bunches  well 
finished,  was  also  shown  by  Mr.  Roupell,  and  received 
a  Cultural  Commendation, 

Melon  Her  Ladyship's  Favourite  was  sent  by  Mr. 
R.  Gilbert,  Buileigh  Gardens,  Stamford. 

Mr.  |.  James,  Cowley  Road,  Uxbridge,  exhibited  a 
seedling  Tomato  extremely  fine  in  appearance — full, 
plump,  and  of  a  rich  and  deep  tone  ;  the  flavour  was  not, 
however,  all  that  could  be  desired. 

Mr.  R.  Smith,  Yalding,  Maidstone,  contributed  Peach 
Prince  of  Wales,  which  had  been  grown  in  the  open  air. 
The  fruit  was  very  fine,  and  received  a  vote  ot  thanks. 

The  New  South  Wales  Commission  sent  a  basket  of 
Oranges,  under  the  name  of  Marvel,  which  had  been 
grown  by  Mr.  Thos.  Hungerford,  on  Boerami  Station, 
Muslebrook,  N.S.W.  The  fruits  shown  were  from 
eight-year  old  trees  by  ordinary  cultivation,  and  had  not 
had  any  irrigation.  Fine  large  fruits  were  these,  and  had 
a  good  flavour,  and  the  committee  Highly  Commended 
the  exhibit.  This  is  another  colonial  product  which  is 
likely  to  be  introduced  into  our  markets,  if  only  it  will 
pay.     That  is  the  point  ! 

From  Mr.  Burnett,  The  Deepdene  Gardens,  Dorking, 
came  the  "Tyson"  Pear,  and  a  nice  flavoured  large- 
sized  Raspberry. 

Rubus  laciniatus  in  fruit  was  shown  by  Mr.  Baines. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  ex- 
hibited several  plants  of  a  new  perpetual  Strawberry, 
"  Roi  Henri."  The  plants  had  been  grown  in  pots  in 
the  open,  without  forcing,  and  had  a  few  ripe  fruit  on 
them  and  a  lot  of  fruit  still  green.  The  second  crop  is 
mostly  borne  on  the  ends  of  the  runners. 

A  Pumpkin  was  shown  by  Mr.  Harrison,  gr.  to  W. 
Redhead,  Esq.,  Carviile  Hall,  Kew  Bridge;  it  was  about 
2  feet  in  diameter,  but  no  data  was  given.  We  have 
seen  larger  specimens. 

Several  other  small  exhibits  were  before  the  committee, 
but  they  do  not  call  for  any  particular  mention. 


HERBACEOUS   PLANTS. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when 
hetbaceous  plants  as  a  class  will  resume  their  wonted 
position  in  the  decoration  of  the  outdoor  garden. 
When  the  bedding-out  craze  was  introduced  it  was  an 
ill'Starred  day  for  them,  and  ultimately  brought  many 
a  rich  and  well-ordered  collection  to  grief.  It  is  not 
desirable,  however,  to  monopolise  every  available  bit 
of  ground  for  the  cultivation  of  herbaceous  plants, 
and  probably  the  day  is  gone,  never  to  return,  when 
we  shall  be  reduced  to  dependence  upon  them  alone 
for  the  decoration  of  the  garden  and  a  supply  of  cut 
flowers.  On  the  other  hand,  they  ought  to  be  rein- 
stated in  most  of  their  former  places  from  which  they 
were  ousted,  together  with  trees,  shrubs,  and  fruit- 
bushes,  to  make  room  for  the  monomania  which  was 
then  raging.  Although  it  is  unquestionable  that 
hundreds  of  plants  became  lost  to  the  country 
through  that  cause  alone,  fortunately  there  remained 
a  few  princes  amongst  herbaceous  plant  growers,  from 
whose  well-stocked  gardens  the  country  is  gradually 
being  replenished.  Old-fashioned  things  are  emerg- 
ing from  cottage  gardens  in  whose  peaceful  arbours 
they  had  taken  shelter,  and  weathered  the  storm. 

They  are  everybody's  flowers,  from  the  poorest  to 
the  richest  of  the  Queen's  subjects,  and  here  hinges 
the  whole  secret  of  their  value  and  utility.  Given  a 
few  square  feet  of  soil,  with  sufficient,  exposure  to 
light,  and  the  meanest  may  attempt  their  cultivation 
with  reasonable  hope  of  success.  On  a  more  exten- 
sive scale  a  judicious  and  well-ordered  selection  may 
be  made  to  yield  a  supply  of  flowers  all  the  year 
round,  and  this  without  the  aid  of  artiflcial  heat.  A 
neat,  airy,  and  well-lighted  greenhouse,  even  if  un- 
heated,  would  be  a  most  valuable  adjunct  to  a  garden 
with  an  extensive  collection  of  hardy  plants.  This, 
if  made  the  recipient  during  winter  and  spring  of 
plants  that  flower  naturally  at  that  season,  would 
afford  them  the  necessary  protection  from  wind  and 
rain,  in  order  to  develope  in  perfection  flowers  that 
that  belong  to  a  more  sunny  c'ime. 

This  would  imply  a  collection  in  pots,  of  which  the 
most  valuable  only  of  the  plants  need  be  permanent, 
while  the  others  might  be  annuals,  or  lifted  from  the 
open  ground  at  a  convenient  season.  Besides 
permitting    a    close    and    easy    inspection,    such    a 


September  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


409 


house  and  its  contents  would  afford  pleasure  and 
satisfaction  to  its  owner,  and  might  be  utilised  pro< 
6tably  for  some  other  purpose  in  summer.  Saxifraga 
ligulata,  which  flowers  naturally  in  the  end  of  Febru- 
ary or  in  March,  according  to  the  weather,  is  very 
amenable  to  pot  cultivation,  and  indoors  may  be 
induced  to  flower  by  Christmas  or  immediately  after. 
Endless  variety  can  be  secured  by  growing  such  as 
Iberis  saxatilis,  I.  gibraltarica,  Saxifraga  Burseriana, 
S.  oppositifolia,  Chionodoxa  Lucilise,  various  species 
of  Crocus  and  other  early  flowering  plants  that  well 
repay  the  little  extra  trouble  incurred  in  growing 
under  glas?.  The  cooler  that  Chionodoxa  can  be  kept 
the  better  it  will  look,  and  it  suffers  being  frozen  with 
impunity.  These  are  but  a  few  of  the  hundreds  of 
plants  that  might  be  utilised  for  such  a  purpose. 

The  most  economical,  serviceable,  and  all-round 
convenient  method,  perhaps,  of  arranging  a  collection 
of  herbaceous  plants  for  general  effect  and  variety  of 
display  is  the  old  fashioned  one  of  cullivating  them  In 
borders.  For  convenience  of  inspection  these  ought 
not  to  be  more  than  12  to  15  feet  wide,  alihough 
wider  ones  are  sometimes  recommended,  and  nar- 
rower ones  will  suffice.  A  systematic  arrangement  of 
the  plants  in  lines  will  not  destroy  their  effectiveness, 
for  the  different  heights,  hues  and  tints  of  both  foliage 
and  flowers,  and  their  general  contour,  will  prevent 
any  undue  appearance  of  formality  that  might  arise 
were  they  planted  for  purely  botanical  purposes. 

Furthermore,  herbaceous  plants  need  not  be  abso- 
lutely confined  to  borders,  for  what  can  have  a  more 
telling  effect  in  autumn  than  a  bed  of  Kniphofias  at 
the  end  of  a  long  walk  or  vista  ?  Many  other  bold  or 
stately  subjects  might  be  singled  out  in  like  manner, 
such  as  Funkias,  Liliums,  Delphinium;,  Pseonies, 
Anemone  japonica,  with  its  varieties  alba  and  hybrida 
rosea.  I  shall  not  soon  forget  the  stately  and 
sentinel-like  appearance  of  a  row  of  our  native 
Lythrum  Salicaria  in  an  old-fashioned  garden  planted 
as  a  background  to  some  summer  flower-bedding 
arranged  on  gravel.  The  effect  was  rendered  even 
more  striking  if  a  few  of  the  stems  were  blown  on 
one  side,  as  if  in  the  attitude  of  defence.  Nothing  in 
the  hardy  plant  way  can  be  more  suggestive  of  a 
tropical  vegetation  than  well-grown  specimens  of 
Gunnera  chilensis  or  G.  manicata  planted  near  water, 
where  their  roots  may  dip  down  and  obtain  an  un- 
stinted supply.  For  drier  places  or  the  shrubbery, 
Heracleum  villosum  has  few  equals  for  a  princely  and 
commanding  appearance. 

Not  these  isolated  subjects  alone,  but  herbaceous 
plants  in  general,  well  repay  liberal  treatment  both  in 
a  healthier  and  more  robust  growth,  together  with  a 
greater  produce  of  flowers.  I  cannot  sympathise  with 
those  who  starve  their  plants  rather  than  dig  their 
borders  for  fear  of  hurting  the  roots  ;  for,  except  in 
the  case  of  tuberous-rooted  subjects,  such  as  Alstroe- 
merias  or  Liliums  in  full  growth,  no  harm  will  result 
if  the  border  between  the  lines  of  plants  be  rather 
roughly  dug  up  after  being  heavily  top-dressed  with 
some  well-rotted  manure. 

In  a  thoroughly  representative  collection  there  is  a 
maximum  return  for  a  minimum  outlay  ;  for  when 
once  a  collection  has  been  got  together,  an  annual 
top-dressing,  forking  over,  timely  slaking,  and  hoeing 
or  weeding,  together  with  a  little  attention  to  the 
propagation  of  rare  or  tender  subjects,  complete  the 
routine  of  the  more  important  operations  in  con- 
nection with  this  class  of  plants. 

To  the  ardent  cultivator,  however,  it  will  soon  be- 
come apparent  that  a  rockery  is  desirable,  or  even 
indispensable,  where  alpines  are  grown  to  any  appre- 
ciable extent,  in  order  to  secure  the  variety  of  soil, 
shade,  moi?ture,  or  exposure  necessary  for  subjects  of 
as  many  different  habits.  Above  all,  whether  grown 
in  beds,  borders,  or  on  rockwork,  the  interest  or 
value  attached  to  a  collection  will  be  much  en- 
hanced if  the  subjects  so  grown  are  correctly  and 
legibly  labelled  ;  for  not  only  will  the  owner  derive 
pleasure  and  satisfaction  therefrom,  but  the  rising 
generation,  whether  professional  or  amateur,  have 
an  opportunity,  not  only  of  learning  their  habits 
and  requirements,  but  also  their  names— a  key  to 
their  whole  history.  J.  F. 


Botanic  Garden,  Singapore. — Mr.  Cantley's 
report  for  the  year  1S85  is  chiefly  of  interest  to 
us  at  home  for  the  list  of  cultivated  vegetables  used 
in  the  colony,  with  the  native  names  applied  to 
them.  Amongst  other  ihings,  the  Malays  eat  the 
young  shoots  of  various  Ferns,  such  as  Ceratopterig 
thalictroidec,  Anisogonium  esculentum,  Stenochlsna 
palustrie,  Blechnum  orientate,  and  Thamnopleris 
Bidus,  Attention  is  called  to  the  necessity  for  the 
c^ref^l  coQseryatioo  of  the  gutta-percha  \^\%%\%. 


Variorum. 

Cultivating  the  Mammoth  Sequoia  of 
California.— To  the  editor  of  this  magazine  one  of 
the  most  interesting  lessons  learned  in  California  was 
one  which  only  one  experienced  in  the  culture  of 
trees  could  learn  ;  namely,  that  the  Sequoia  gigantea 
is  by  nature  a  swamp  tree.  The  places  where  they 
grow  now  are  comparatively  dry ;  but  two  or  three 
thousand  years  ago  they  followed  the  track  of  descend- 
ing glaciers,  and  they  received  the  melting  snows  from 
the  tops  of  mountains  that  have  no  summer  snows 
now.  The  ground  on  which  these  mammoth  trees 
stand,  once  very  wet,  or  even  swampy,  has  become 
drier  through  the  long  ages.  Horticulturists  know  that 
swamp  trees  generally  grow  very  well  in  ground  that 
is  comparatively  dry,  but  seeds  of  such  trees  will  not 
sprout  in  anything  but  (he  moist  oozy  moss  on  the 
top  of  a  swamp  or  damp  ground.  Hence  the  only 
young  trees  we  find  in  the  mammoth  tree  locations 
are  where  a  chance  seed  happens  to  fall  on  a  moist 
rock,  or  other  damp  situation.  Young  trees  are  com- 
mon only  in  one  location,  whtre  clouds  condense 
against  a  mountain-side,  and  the  whole  situation 
abounds  with  springs  and  oozy  spots.  Here  in  the 
east  hundreds  of  trees  have  been  planted  during  the 
past  quarter  of  a  century,  but  rarely  has  one  lived 
more  than  a  few  years.  They  do  not  mind  the 
winters.  We  have  known  them  stand  20°  below  zero 
uninjured,  but  some  fungus,  favoured  by  a  dry  atmo- 
sphere, carries  them  off  gradually  during  the  summer 
season.  Profiting  by  these  facts,  the  writer  brought 
three  strong  pUnts  from  California  and  set  them  in  a 
swamp.  Usually  when  we  set  swamp  trees  in  a 
swamp  they  will  not  grow  unless  they  are  suffered  to 
grow  into  the  swamp  themselves.  We  make  a  mound 
and  plant  them  in  the  mound,  from  whence  they  root 
down  as  suits  themselve?.  These  three  plants  have 
had  two  winters  and  one  summer,  the  past  winter 
being  a  terribly  severe  one.  To-day  they  look  per- 
fectly sound  and  flourishing,  and  the  editor  believes 
that  he  has  at  last  discovered  how  to  make  the  great 
tree  of  California  thrive  in  eastern  gardens.  Gar- 
deners'  Monthly. 

Japan  Clover  (Lespedeza  striata,  H.  A.). — 
My  attention,  says  Dr.  Schombur^k,  was  directed  to 
this  valuable  fodder  plant  by  Mr.  T.  E.  Schlegel,  of 
Beachport,  by  his  sending  me  a  cutting  from  a  Call* 
fornian  paper  (the  Rural  Californian)^  which  gives  a 
glowing  account  of  this  remarkable  plant.  The  ex- 
tract runs  as  follows  : — The  perennial  Clover,  Les- 
pedezi  striata,  is  now  covering  thousands  of  acrej 
where  in  1S66  it  only  covered  10  feet  square.  It 
grows  in  the  plains,  and  at  an  altitude  of  4000  feet, 
and  stands  well  through  the  midsummer  droughts, 
flowering  and  blooming  until  the  frost  comes,  and 
living  after  most  herbage  is  dead.  It  grows  on  every 
kind  of  soil — rich  or  poor,  clay  or  sandy,  dry  or  wet 
— and  is  deep-rooted  and  improving  the  soil.  It 
never  runs  out,  and  can  be  fed  off  without  injury.  It 
is  wonderfully  fattening,  and  contains — 

Nitrogen  matter  ..   16.60  Potash 0.88 

Fat            ..          ..  ..      1. 10  Soda          0.51 

Ash           ..          ..  ..     5.92  Phosphoric  acid             .,  0.3Q 

Lime                     ..  ..     0-9?  Sulphuric  acid    ..          ..  0.20 

Magnesia  ..  ..     0.56 

Dependence  of  the  Growth  of  Wood  upon 
Meteorological  Factors. — A.  Spamer  commu- 
nicates the  following  conclusions  as  to  the  dependence 
of  the  growth  of  wood  upon  meteorological  factors  : — 
I.  Temperature  and  precipitation  are  the  meteorolo- 
gical phenomena  that  affect  the  process  of  the 
formation  of  wood.  2.  Of  these  two  variable  quan- 
tities during  the  principal  period  of  growth,  the  rain- 
fall diminishes  the  formation  of  wood  while  the  heat 
increases  it.  3.  The  principal  period  of  wood  growth 
is  from  July  to  October,  at  least  for  the  plants  which 
are  very  sensitive  to  frost.  4.  The  rainfall  seems  to 
influence  growth  more  than  the  temperature.  [Excess 
of  rain  diminishes  growth  more  than  excess  of  tem- 
perature increases  it.]  5.  The  growth  of  different 
plants  is  not  affected  in  the  same  degree  by  the  rain  ; 
some  are  afficted  more  by  rain  and  others  by  the 
temperature.  6.  In  many  periods  only  one  of  these 
factors  appears  to  exert  any  influence,  the  other  being 
inactive.  7.  Possibly  this  anomaly  may  be  explained 
by  observations  of  the  duration  of  insolation.  S.  The 
increase  of  carbonaceous  compounds  goes  parallel 
with  the  increase  in  the  inorganic  constituents  of  the 
wood,  9,  The  aqueous  component  of  the  wood 
diroipishes  wbei)  the  cgrbooaceous  increases,     ig, 


The  so-called  ripe  wood  [the  heartwood]  differs  from 
that  which  is  less  ripe  by  a  greater  amount  of  ashes 

and  carbon.    Smithsonian  Institute  Report. 


®t)ttuats. 

We  have  received  intelligence  of  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Blair.  She  was  in  her  94lh  year,  and  had  been 
for  twenty-one  years  a  pensioner  of  the  Gardeners' 
Royal  Benevolent  Institution. 

The  death,  on  the  iglh  inst.,  of  the  Rev. 

C.  P.  Peach,  at  Appletonle  Street,  Malton,  is 
announced.  Mr.  Peach  was  in  his  58th  year,  and  for 
some  years  past  had  been  in  ill  health.  Mr.  Peach 
was  an  excellent  cultivator,  who  knew  how  to  mould 
and  improve  his  practice  by  the  teachings  of  science. 
He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  gardening 
journals,  and  occasionally  to  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle^ 
his  chief  subjects  of  predilection  being  Roses,  fruit 
trees,  and  herbaceous  plants.  As  a  friend  he  was 
genial  and  straightforward — a  man  who  will  be  very 
greatly  missed  among  his  friends  and  neighbours. 


Cfet  Meatfecr. 

S  TA  TE  OF  THE  IVE.i  THER  A  T  BLA  CKHEA  TH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesoav,  September  22,  i88Gl 


1 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 

Hyerotne 
tncal    De 

ductiona 

from 
Glaisber's 
Tables  sth 

Edition. 

Wind 

si 

1 
1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

32'  Fabr. 

Departure  from 
Averase  ol 

5 

1 

1^ 

1 

a 

bis" 

1 

Sept. 

In.    1   In. 

^ 

^ 

.        . 

„ 

^ 

In. 

16 

30.34  H-o-38  6j.9'45.o]>S  9|S>.9 

—  40 

4>S 

68 

N.E. 

0.00 

■; 

3003+01864.5 

40.823.7^53.1 

-  35 

10.5 

64 

N.E. 

000 

18 

«,.95  +0.1266.0 

41 0 

25  0  S3  4 

—  3.t 

43.' 

68 

N.E. 

000 

■9 

2086  +00366.1 

42  s 

"3.654.2 

-   ".9 

44  9 

7. 

N.E. 

000 

30 

21)  7J  -00962.5 

51.0 

"  5  55  9 

+   0.. 

48.1 

76 

N. 

0.00 

21 

2949  ,—0.3164.0 

S2. 

12-056  9 

+  .452.. 

84 

N.E. 

0.03 

" 

2g.6i  — ;.|863  o 

47.0 

16  0S4  4 

-  0.949  0 

82 

N.E 

000 

Mean 

2984  +0.0263.9 

45-6 

•8.354.4 

-.7,45.7 

73 

N.E. 

0.00 

i. — Fine  day,  generally  dull,  but  bright  at  times. 

J. — A  fine  and  bright  day  tliroughouL 

5. — Fine  day  throughout. 

J.— A  fine  day  throughout,  cloudy  at  night. 

J. — Dull  in  early  morning,  but  fioe  and  bright  after 

:. — Frequently  bright,  but  a  dull  ofte  noon. 
!. — Fine  and  bright  in  morning,  but  dull  and  cloudy 
afterwards. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  iS,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  incieased  from  30.01 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.15  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  I3ih,  decreased  to  30.05  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  same  day,  increased  to  30.44  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  l6th,  decreased  to  30.19  inches  by 
5  P.M.  on  the  17th,  and  was  30.09  inches  at  the  end 
of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.20  inches,  being  0.22 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.15  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  75°  on  the  14th  ;  the  highest 
on  the  i6th  was  6o°.9.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  67°6. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  40*.  8  on 
the  17th  ;  the  lowest  on  the  13th  was  60°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  48°.  9. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
25°  on  the  18th  ;  the  smallest  was  14°.  5  on  the  13th. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  iS'.7. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  59°.  5  on  the 
13th;  66°.  3  on  the  13th  j  65°.!  on  the  14th;  56°.4 
on  the  15th  ;  53°.9  on  the  i6th  ;  53°.  i  on  the  17th  ; 
and  53°,4  on  the  iSih,  These  were  above  their 
average  till  the  14th,  by  i°.9,  8°  9,  and  y'.g  r«. 
tpectively,  and  below  their  averages  from  the  I5tb,  bjf 
0°'7(  4°.  ,1°'.5)  »»<*  3°i  tespectively, 


410 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  1886, 


The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  58°.!, 
being  3°,2  lower  than  last  week,  and  1°,!  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  I29°.5  on  the  13th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  readings  was  115°.!. 

Rain, — No  rain  fell  during  the  week. 

England:  Temperalurc. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  1 8,  the  highest  temperatures  were  80° 
at  Truro  77°  at  Cambridge,  and  75°  at  Blackheath 
and  Leeds  ;  the  highest  at  Newcastle  was  67°,  at 
Bradford  6S°.2,  and  at  Wolverhampton  69°.!.  The 
general  mean  was  7i°.8. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Wolverhampton 
36^5,  at  Cambridge  38",  and  at  Bristol  38°.5  ;  the 
lowest  at  Plymouth  was  50°.  5,  at  Truro  48°,  and  at 
Nottingham  45°.8.     The  general  mean  was  42°.4. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  39°.  7,  at 
Blackheath  34°.2,  and  at  Bristol,  Hull,  and  Leeds 
34°;  the  least  ranges  were  at  Plymouth  21°,  at  Liver- 
pool 24°. 8,  and  at  Newcastle  25°.  The  general  mean 
was  29°.  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  70°.  2,  at  Truro  70°,  and  at 
Blackheath  67°.6  ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle  59°. 3, 
at  Liverpool  62°.  4,  and  at  Preston  62°.9.  The 
general  mean  was  64°.  9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth  54°.  8,  at  Truro  54°.  3,  and 
at  Nottingham  5I°.2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolver- 
hampton and  Newcastle  46°.  5,  and  at  Hull  47°.  The 
general  mean  was  49°.  9. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge 
22°.  I,  at  Bristol  18°. 9,  and  at  Blackheath  18°.  7  ;  and 
was  least  at  Plymouth  lo.'g,  at  Liverpool  I2°.4,  and 
at  Bradford  12".  5.     The  general  mean  was  15°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro  60°. 8, 
at  Plymouth  58°. 9,  and  at  Blackheath  58°.!  j  and 
was  lowest  at  Newcastle  51°. 6,  and  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton and  Hull  54°. 2     The  general  mean  was  s6°.2. 

Rain. — No  rain  fell  at  several  stations.  The  largest 
falls  were  0.38  inch  at  Pteston,  0.21  inch  at  Liver- 
pool, and  0.17  inch  at  Bradford.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  o.  1 1  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  i8th,  the  highest  temperature  was  68°.5 
at  Aberdeen  ;  the  highest  at  Glasgow  was  64°.  The 
general  mean  was  66°. 7. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  30°  at 
Glasgow  and  Perth ;  the  lowest  at  Greenock  was 
38°.     The  general  mean  was  33°4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley  53''.4  ; 
and  lowest  at  Glasgow  50°.!.     The  general  mean  was 

Si°-7- 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  1.50  inch  at  Greenock  ; 
and  the  smallest  fall  was  0.35  inch  at  Dundee  and 
Leilh.     The  general  mean  fall  was  0.71  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  September  20,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Olifice,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  General  remarks  : — The  weather  has 
been  fine  and  dry  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

The  temperature  has  continued  a  little  above  the 
mean  in  **  England,  S.,"  and  the  '*  Channel  Islands," 
and  has  been  about  equal  to  it  in  "  England,  E. , "  and 
**  Ireland,  S.,"  but  in  all  other  districts  it  has  been 
below  its  normal  value,  the  deficit  in  "  Scotland,  E.," 
being  as  much  as  5°.  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which 
were  recorded  on  the  14th,  ranged  from  60^  to  67^  in 
Ireland,  Scotland,  and  the  N.W.  of  England  to  78° 
in  "  England,  E.,"  80°  in  the  "Channel  Islands," 
and  81°  in  "  England,  S."  Towards  the  end  of  the 
period  the  daily  maxima  were  low  for  the  season, 
scaicely  exceeding  50°  in  Scotland,  and  not  reaching 
60°  in  many  parts  of  England  and  Ireland.  The 
lowest  o(  the  minima,  which  were  generally  registered 
either  on  the  17th  or  i8lh,  varied  between  28°  in 
"England,  N.W."  (at  Newton  Rigney),  31°  in 
"Scotland,  N.,"  and  "Scotland,  E.,"  and  39°  in 
"England,  E.,"  and  "England,  S.W." ;  in  the 
"  Channel  Islands,"  however,  the  lowest  reading  was 
55°.  During  the  night  of  the  l6th — 17th  frost  was 
experienced  on  the  grass  even  as  far  south  as 
London. 

The  rainfall  has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  all 


districts.  Over  the  greater  part  of  the  kingdom  the 
weather  has  been  altogether  rainless. 

Bright  Sunshine. — Shows  a  decided  increase  nearly 
everywhere,  the  percentages  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranging  from  27  in  "England,  N.E.,"and 
39  in  "Scotland,  E.,"  to  between  54  and  60  in 
"  Ireland  "  and  most  parts  of  "  England,"  and  to  76 
in  the  "  Channel  Islands." 

Depressions  Observed. — At  the  commencement  of 
the  period  a  depression  which  had  previously  passed 
over  our  Islands  was  moving  in  a  north-easterly 
direction  across  the  North  Sea  to  Norway  ;  but  as 
this  disappeared,  the  distribution  of  barometic  pres- 
sure over  the  United  Kingdom  became  anticylonic, 
and  no  depressions  appeared  in  our  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood till  towards  the  end  of  the  week,  when 
some  shallow  disturbances  were  formed  over  France 
and  our  south-east  coasts.  South-easterly  to  north- 
easterly winds  of  moderate  strength  were  most  general 
in  England  and  Ireland,  but  in  Scotland  they  drew 
into  south-east,  and  were  light  in  force. 


"  He  tfuxt  questioneth  much  sJiall  learn  much." — Bacon, 

Books  upon  Bees.— Will  Mr.  Walter  Chitty,  or  any 
reader  of  ihe  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  oblige  me  with  the 
names  of  any  books  upon  bees  published  previous  to  the 
year  1700?  Black-letter  books  especially  requested. 
Edwin  Jackson. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Aquatics  ;  Old  Subscriber,  Nymphcea  alba  and  odor- 
ata,  Nuphar  lutea,  N.  advena,  Butoraus  unibellatus, 
Villarsia  nymphaaoides,  Sagittaria,  Hottonia  palustris, 
Typha  latifolia,  Sparganium  ramosum,  Iris  pseud- 
acorus,  and  many  others. 

British  Association,  &c.  :  J.  F.  G.  A  full  report  is 
pubhshed  annually  by  the  Society.  The  current  num- 
bers of  Nature  contain  most  of  the  papers.  Prof. 
Hillhouse's  lecture  was  reported  in  full  in  the  Journal 
of  Ihe  Pharmaceutical  Society  lately. 

Bulbs  Attacked  by  Insects  :  C.  B.  M.  The  bulbs 
sent  are  swarming  with  creatures  destructive  to  them  ; 
the  principal  are  the  true  root-eating  Acari — i.e., 
Rhizoglyphus  {species  chiefly  Robini)  in  immense  num- 
bers. There  is  also  Serrator  rostratus  in  great  quan- 
tities, and  Anguillulae  are  swarming.  The  bulbs  have 
apparently  chiefly  commenced  to  decay  from  the 
centre.  They  are  in  an  advanced  state  of  decay,  and 
contain  fungus.  It  would  not  be  possible,  from  these 
bulbs,  to  say  how  the  evil  commenced  ;  possibly  if 
we  had  some  of  the  bulbs  where  the  damage  is  only 
juit  beginning,  or  some  of  the  apparently  sound  bulbs 
from  the  same  lot,  we  might  be  able  to  form  some 
idea  on  the  subject.  A.  D.  M. 

Cucumber  Roots  Clubbing:  Jemmy.  The  knobs 
on  the  roots  are  the  dwelling-place  of  an  infinite  num- 
ber of  small  worms,  repeatedly  described  and  figured 
in  these  columns.  Burn  your  plants,  and  begin  again 
with  fresh  soil. 

Double  Gladiolus  :  W.  H.  Many  thanks.  We  will 
examine  and  report.  \o\x  are  one  of  the  few  who 
know  how  to  pack  flowers  so  that  they  may  reach  us 
in  good  condition. 

Eucalyptus  Tree  in  Flower  at  Chepstow  : 
,V.  1'.  Z.  Certainly  not  common.  Of  what  species 
is  it,  and  of  what  height?  Information  would  be 
acceptable. 

Flower  Show  Dispute  :  One  of  the  Committee.  With- 
out having  seen  the  condition  of  the  flowers  we  cannot 
adequately  answer  your  question  ;  but,  other  things 
being  equal,  we  should  consider  the  best  collection 
(eight  varieties)  to  be  that  which  comprised  the  largest 
number  of  separate  species.  Thus,  the  stand  that 
contained  three  Zinnias,  four  Roses,  and  so  on,  is,  in 
our  opinion,  second  in  interest  and  variety  to  the 
other  one,  which  contained  a  larger  variety  of  species 
and  genera. 

Insects  ;  F.  O.  The  Swede  Turnips  sent  show  no 
signs  of  having  been  attacked  by  insects.  The  hole 
in  the  crown  of  each  seems  of  long  standing,  and  has 
probably  widened  with  the  growth  of  the  plant.  We 
are  unable  to  say  whether  originally  made  by  mice,  or 
birds,  or  other  animals.  /.  O.  W. — G.  P.  The  cater- 
pillar which  you  saw  devouring  an  aphis  of  the  Rose 
is  the  larva  of  one  of  the  pretty  two-winged  flies 
(Syrphus  sp.)  which  look  Uke  small  wasps.  Do  not 
destroy  them.   /.  O.   W. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  PK  5.  &"  S.  Cox's  Emperor.— 
A.  O.  P.     Nonsuch. 

Names  of  Plants  :  L.  J.  B.  One  of  the  forms  of 
Turkey  Oak  (Quercus  cerris).  Please  send  a  leaf  to 
make  sure.—/:.  Gilman.  We  should  say  the  Bean 
sent  is  the  Asparagus  Bean  (Dolichos  sesquipedahs),  a 
variety  grown  in  the  South  of  France,  with  stems 
6  feet  to  9  feet  long,  and  pods  \h  foot.  There  is  also 
a  larger  variety,  from  Cuba,  with  pods  2^  feet,  and  stem 
13  feet. — E.  v.  B.  Sanguisorba  canadensis,  i, 
Veronica  incana  ;  2,  V,  virginica  ;  3,  Liatris  spicata  ; 
4,  Eryngium  alpinum  ;  5,  E.  Oliverianum. — Percy  T, 


Ingram,  i,  Bouvardia,  a  garden  variety  ;  2,  Houstonia 
longiflora  ;  3,  Fuchsia  Riccartoni  ;  4,  Lycium  barba- 
tum  ;  5,  Kubus  laciniatus  ;  6,  Incarvillea  Olgas.— 
H.,  Colditream.  Polygonum  cuspidatum. — R.  P. 
Agnmonia  eupatoria.— A',  H.  S.  Polygonum  cuspi- 
datum.— E.  O.  I,  Echites  melaleuca  ;  2,  Aspidium 
amabile  ;  3,  Erigeron  mucronatum  ;  4,  Calycanthus 
occidentalis ;  5,  Nerine  undulata  ;  6,  Polygonum 
affine.— G.  \V.  A.  C.  ClemaUs  cirrosa.— IK.  B.  H. 
A  dwarf  seedling  form  of  Nephrodium  molle  corymbi- 
ferura. —  \V.  R.  Passiflora  racemosa  {princeps  of 
gardens). — J.  T.  H.  Vanda  limbata.  Another  time 
send  your  inquiry  to  the  Editor.  It  has  nothing  to  do 
with  an  advertisement. — F.  B.  ICrigeron  acre. — 
J.  IV.  M.  Syringa  Josikcea. — J.  H.  F.  Lotus  tetra- 
gonolobus. 

Peach  House  :  A.  B.  The  remarks  made  in  our  issue 
of  the  nth  inst.,  under  the  heading  "Fruits  under 
Glass  "  (p.  335)  are  applicable  to  your  case.  In  order 
to  restore,  and  afterwards  sustain,  vigour  in  your  trees, 
give  occasional  surface-dressings  of  Beeson's  Manure 
prior  to  giving  copious  supplies  of  water  at  the  roots 
at  intervals  of  a  week  or  ten  days  during  the  growing 
season.  This,  together  with  a  free  use  of  the  syringe 
or  garden-engine  during  the  summer  months,  and  care 
not  to  over-crop  the  trees,  should  maintain  the  lattf^r 
in  a  healthy  and  vigorous  condition.  H.  IV.  W. 

Todeas  :  Old  Subscriber.  These  may  be  freely  watered 
overhead  in  some  places,  but  they  are  injured  by  it  in 
others.  We  saw  a  batch  of  plants  at  Kew  last  year 
which  had  suffered  in  the  way  you  describe,  and  this 
was  proved  to  be  the  result  of  frequently  syringing  the 
foliage.  It  was  not  aiungoid  disease.  This  year  the 
same  plants  are  now  in  fine  health,  but  they  are  not 
watered  overhead. 

WoODLiCE  :  J,  P.  Lay  slices  of  Carrot  or  Apple  about, 
and  go  round  at  night  and  destroy  the  enemy. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —  Letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  not 
to  the  Editor. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

W.  Drummond  &  Sons,  58,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin- 
Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

J.  Schwartz,  Route  de  Vienne  7,  Lyon,  France- 
Roses. 

Hooper  &  Co.,  Coven t  Garden,  London,  W.C— Bulb 
Catalogue. 

James  Cocker  &  Sons.  Aberdeen— Bulb  Catalogue. 

Fred.  Horsman  &  Co.,  Colchester  —  Orchid  Spe- 
cialties. 

P.  J.  Kane,  Kells,  Meath— Dutch  Bulbs,  &c. 

H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent— Bulbs,  &c. 

W.  Rumsey,  Joyning's  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross,  W. 
— Roses. 

E.  G.  Henderson  &.  Son,  Maida  Vale,  London,  W. — 
Dutch  Bulbs.  &c. 

Isaac  Davies  &  Son,  Ormskirk,  Lancashire  —  Rhodo- 
dendrons, Azaleas,  &c. 


Communications  Received  :— W.  P.—W.  B.— C.  Lorenz.— 
E.  V.  B.  —  J.  F.  G.  —  C.  Naudin,  Antibes.  —  W.  R.  B.  — 
E.  R.  C.  —  E.  S.  B.  —  R.  V.  &  Sons.  Exeter  (many  thanks  ; 
we  shall  probably  reproduce  one  or  more  of  the  photographs). 


[arkets* 


CO  VENT    GARDEN,    September    23. 

Market  very   heavy,    especially   in   Plums.      Prices 
lowering.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market, 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Pricks. 


Apples,  J^-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs  per  k 
Lemons,  per  case 
Melons,  e.ich 


Peaches,  per  dozen ... 
Pears,  per  dozen     . .    ] 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  : 
—  St.  Michael,  each  : 
Plums,  |4-s.eve      ..  ( 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Pricks. 


Artichokes,  perdoz.. 
Aubergines,  each  . . 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. . . 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb. 
Carrots,  per  bunch. , 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz. 
Celery,  per  bundle.. 
Cucumbers,  each  .. 
Endive,  per  dozen  .. 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . . 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . . 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. , 
Pot AT OS : 


Mustard  a 
Onions,  per  bushel..  . 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  ; 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..  \ 
„  kidney,  per  cwt  , 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  c 
Spinach,  per  bushel  \ 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  t 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  t 
Veget.  l\Iar.,  each. .  c 


Plants  in  Pots. — Avkragb 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18 

n 

Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12 

0 

Bouvardias,  doz      ..12  o-iE 

n 

Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  o-ia 

0 

Dracsena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..         ..30  0-60 

0 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24 

0 

Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  o-il 

0 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .         . .  6  0-34 

0 

Ficus  elastica  each..  1  6-  7 

0 

Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  o-i3 

0 

Wholesale  Pricks. 

s.  d.  s.  a 


pnt^ 


Foliage  Plan 

Fuchsias  do; 
Gladioli 
Lilies,  i 
Marguerite 

Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  o- 
MjTtles,  per  dozen. .  6  o-: 
Palms  in  var.,  each  a  6-; 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  6  o- 
—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  o- 


Petu 


,  dozt 


September  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


411 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  . 
Asters,  12  blooms  ..  < 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  < 
Carnations,  12  bun. 
Cornflowers,  12  bun.  " 
Daisies,  common,  12 

bunches  ..  ..  ; 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  : 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  : 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays.,  i 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  0 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  c 
Lapageria.red.  12  bl.  i 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms..  ..  4 


Marguerites,    per    12 

bunches     .. 
Mignonette,  12  bun. 
Pansies.    i2  bundles 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

trusses 

Pyrethrums,  12  bun. 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz. 

—  red,  per  dozen  . . 

—  outdoor,  12  bun. 
Stephanotis,  12  spys. 
Sweet  Peas,  12  bun. 
Sweet  Sultan,  i2bun. 
TropjEolums,  12  bun. 
Tuberoses,  12  blms.. 


SEEDS. 


London  :  Sept.  22, — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C.,  slate  that  the 
seed  market  to-day  exhibited  no  fresh  feature.  There 
are  still  some  small  orders  dropping  in  for  Trifolium. 
The  supply  of  winter  Tares  on  the  spot  is  short  ;  values 
are  unaltered.  Many  of  the  samples  of  new  white 
Mustard  now  oft'ering  are  in  poor  condition.  Rape  seed 
fully  maintains  late  rates.  Less  money  is  accepted  for 
Hemp  seed,  the  tendency  of  values  continuing  against 
holders.  Canary  seed  sells  on  former  terms.  Blue  Peas 
are  cheaper.  Some  choice  New  Zealand  Cocksfoot  is 
now  obtainable  on  moderate  terras.  Feeding  Linseed  is 
steady. 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Sept.  20.— Of  good  white  English 
Wheat,  offered  at  34J.,  red  at  32J,,  merely  retail 
quantitities  were  taken  off.  In  foreign  Wheats  there 
was  barely  enough  business  to  estabUsh  quotations,  but 
the  tendency  was  adverse.  Part  of  the  large  arrivals  is 
being  sent  to  granary  from  lack  of  demand.  Flour  was 
difficult  to  sell  at  6r/.  decline.  Good  malting  Barley  is 
firm  from  scanty  supply.  Ordinary  sorts  met  no  de- 
mand. Grinding  Barley  is  barely  supported  on  the  spot, 
and  a  rather  lower  price  has  been  accepted  for  arrival. 
Round  MEize  has  dechned  31/.  on  the  spot,  and  is  also 
easier  floating.  Beans  are  firm.  Peas  have  a  down- 
ward tendency.  With  large  receipts,  Oats  were  yi.  lower 
on  the  week  for  common  qualities. 

Sept.  22. — Trade  was  inactive.  With  merely  retail 
sales  of  Wheat  and  flour,  prices  were  nominally  unaltered 
from  Monday  last.  Malting  Barley  of  good  quality  met 
inquiry,  but  common  grades  remained  dull.  Grinding 
sorts  were  quiet.  Beans  and  Peas  were  quiet  at  late  rates, 
Oats  met  a  slow  sale  without  further  change  in  value. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Septem- 
ber 18  :  — Wheat.  31J.  3^/.;  Barley,  o&s.  id,  ;  Oats,  \%s. 
For  the  corresponding  period  last  year :  —  Wheat, 
30J.  lod.  ;  Barley,  31^.  \d.\  Oats,  19/.  id. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  22. — Large  con- 
signments of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables  arrived, 
and  were  readily  disposed  of  at  moderate  prices.  Quo- 
tations : — Damsons,  2J.  6d.  to  4J.  6i/.  per  bushel  ;  Plums 
(black).  2i.  (id.  to  31.  do. ;  Pears,  2J,  to  4^.  dd.  do,  ; 
Apples.  IS,  to  4r.  61/,  do.  ;  Scarlet  Beans,  \s.  to  2J.  per 
sieve  ;  Vegetable  Marrows,  2J.  dd.  to  -y.  6d.  per  tally  ; 
Cabbages,  2s.  6d.  to  5^,  do. ;  Greens,  zs.  to  31.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Onions,  2j.  to  2J.  6d.  do. ;  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to 
2^.  do,  ;  Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  2J.  do,  ;  Parsley,  if,  to 
IS.  6d.  do.;  Onions,  70J.  to  8oj^.  per  ton  ;  Carrots.  35^, 
to  40J.  do.  ;  Mangels,  ijs.  6d.  to  22J,  do. 

Stratford  :  Se/>t.  21. — The  market  has  been  well 
supplied  during  the  past  week,  and  a  brisk  trade  was 
done  at  the  undermentioned  prices  : — Cabbages,  31.  6d. 
to  4j.  6d.  per  tally  ;  CauUflowers,  zs.  to  3^.  per  dozen  ; 
Turnips,  ms.  per  dozen  bunches ;  Mangels,  20s.  to  22J. 
per  ton  ;  Onions,  2s.  to  2j,  6d.  per  bushel  :  Apples, 
2s.  to  2s.  6d.  do. ;  Watercress,  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Tomatos, 
is.  6d.  per  dozen  lb.;  Plums,  is.  to  is.  ^hd.  per  half- 
bushel  ;  Pears,  is.  to  2s.  per  bushel ;  Damsons,  is.  6d. 
pet  half-sieve ;  Orlean  Plums,  ij^.  6d.  to  is.  gd.  do. ; 
Celery,  lod.  to  is.  ^d.  per  bundle. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Sept.  21. — The  bulk 
of  the  supply  consisted  of  second  and  inferior  qualities, 
which  were  very  dull  of  sale.  Best  samples  met  a  fair 
demand.  Quotations  : — Kent  Regents,  jos.  to  905.  ; 
Es3ex,  45^.  to  -jos.  ;  Hebrons,  70.1.  to  gos.  ;  Early  Rose, 
501.  to  yos.  ;  and  MagnumBonums,  50J.  to  Soj.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  22. — Magnums,  40^. 
to  70J.  ;  Regents,  60^.  to  65,;.  ;  and  Victorians,  50J.  to 
551.  per  ton. 

'    Stratford  :    Sept.    21. — Magnums,    45.1.    to    65J.  ; 
and  Regents,  555.  to  65^.  per  ton. 


Government  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  ioo|  to  looj  for  delivery,  and  100^  to 
loi  for  the  account.  The  final  quotations  on  Wednes- 
day were  looj  to  loi  for  delivery,  and  lot  to  loii  for 
the  account.  Thursday's  final  record  was  looj  to  loi 
or  delivery,  and  101  to  loij  for  the  account. 


GREENHOUSES,   VINERIES,    RANGES,    CONSERVATORIES, 

FORGING    HOUSES,    &c. 

Constructed  with  the  latest  horticultural  improvements  to  the  most  artistic  designs,  of  the  best  materials,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
THE  EFFICIENCY  OF  ALL  WORK,    INCLUDING  BOILERS  AND  HEATING  APPARATUS,  GUARANTEED. 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  Designs,  Plans  and  Estimates  free  of  charge. 


THE    NEW    PATENT    TUBULAR 

COIBIIATIOlf  STAKE  '^^ 
AND  CLIP,  '■'^ 

For  Trees,  Roses,  Dahlias,  &c. 

{CARTirRIGIirS    PATENT.) 

THIS  PATENT  STAKE  and  CLIP 
is  at  once  simple,  effective,  durable,  ecoDomical,  and 
safe.  It  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  tying  with  siring  or 
grass  ;  and  when  once  the  tree  is  fixed  in  positiou  it  is  utterly 
impassible  for  it  lo  get  loose  again  by  the  action  of  the  wind  or 
weather  :  in  lact,  it  must  remain  fixed  in  position  until  the 
g-trdener  himself  loosens  it.  Does  not  harbour  insects  and  their 
eggs  as  do  string  and  clolh. 

The  Stake  itself  is  a  wrought-iron  tube,  and  is  made  in 
various  lengths,  from  3  feet  up  to  7  feet  6  inches. 

The  Spring  Clips  are  supplied  io  vatious  sizes,  of  i,  1%.  and 
2  inches  across  the  ring  when  shut,  and  are  coated  with  soft 
indiarubber. 

Light  Brass  Caps  are  also  supplied  when  required.  These 
Caps  aic  fixed  on  the  top  of  the  tube  lo  keep  the  rain  and  ear- 
wigs, &c.,  from  getting  in  it. 


We  can  also  supply  these 

STAKES  ADAPTED  FOR  RASPBERRY  CANES 

WHEN      GROWN      IN      CLUMPS. 

These  Stakes  are  supplied  with  two  large  Wire  Clips,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  Stake,  as  shown  in  sketch. 

MA\   BE   OBIAINED   FROM   ALL   SETDSMEN   &L. 


Wholesale  from  COaY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO  (Limited), 
Loudon  ,  OSMAN  &  CO  ,  London  ,  BENJAMIN  FIELD,  Swan 
Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S  E  ,  or,  from  the  Manufacturers 
The  PLASKYNA8T0N  TUBE  COMPANY  (Limited)    Euabon 


i  I 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 


the 


Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  pi; 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  the  verv  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Uelon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes.  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  ami  Catalogues  J'ree.     Ciistomers  -waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

Oux  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE  CHARGES      FIRST-CLASS  WORK.     THE  BEST  MATERIALS. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

Price  Sd.,   Post  Free  Sid. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


412 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  1886. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  againsc  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  a  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  u.,  35.,  and  loj.  6rf. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet    ground.       Boxes,  td.   and    u.,    from  the   Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 

(Limited),  London. 

PURE    WOODCHARCOAL 

VINE  BORDERS,    FRUIT  TREES,    STRAWBERRIES, 
ROSES.  FLOWER  BEDS,  POTTING  PURPOSES, 

HIRST,  BROOKE  &  HIRST,  ManuTactuTerB,  Leeds, 
YORKSHIRE. 

Byaclntlis  In  Pots. 

POTS       MADE      EXPRESSLY 
for  HYACINTHS  can  be  supplied  by 
Mr.  J.  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pollery,  Weslon-super-Maie. 
Price  LISTS  tree. 

GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,  Manures,  &c       Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  go.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C, 

TH08.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


The  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


4-m.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  yi.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  g  feet  long,  4J.  fid.  each. 

Full  Jllustralcd  Hczised  Priie  List  on  affUcaticn. 

BOULTON   k    PAUL,    NORWICH. 

r%     LAWN    WATERING 
MACHINE 
With  PowerXuI  Garden 
Engine  combined. 


I  I     ge   ga  d  ns  :    is 

h      1      and     pread- 

t    b  t  ng  w  ter  or 

^  I  q    d    ma  u  W  terpots 

'~     J  -    1      —  be  fill  d  when 


C    hP     e— Ca      gePaid. 
C  mplete(36gall   )  .£5  los. 


8  g  II  Barrow  w  h  Galva- 
n      d  St     1  Tank   li  isj. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  ,£2. 

36-gall.  Barrow,  with  Oak 
Tub,  C^  2S. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  NOBWICH. 


w 


ARNER'S   GARDEN    ENGINES    and 

WATER-BARROWS 


rials.    Strength    and    Canstruction,  in  a 
variety  of  sizes  and  forms.     Perfectly  reliable.     Special  Prue 
Medals  have  been  awarded  for  this  class  of  Machinery  to  Jno. 
\Vamer  &  Sons,  at  Exhibitions  held  at  Calcutta,  Nice,  London, 
Vienna,  Arnheim.  Mayence,  Brabant,  Brussels,  &c.  :  and  Two 
Silver  Medals  awardod  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 
Manufacturers  of  Garden  Syringes.  Fountains,  5:c, 
Illustrated  Price  Lists  upon  application  to 
JOHN  WARNER  anb  SONS,  Hydraulic  and  Horticultural 
Jf.neineetf,  The  Crescent  Foundry.  Cripplegate,  B.C.  |  and  the 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Naw,  EBsejt.     7"o  ii  eitainot 
effver)'  /ti>tm^er  and  Plwuitr  fn  (/k  Kin^itfKi, 


Bosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  .n 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  '^i 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
Uke  up  little  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  tinish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES. 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  ;   also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3^.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SI      L     V      E      R 
fine  or  coarse  grain  as   desired, 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  auy 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above, 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNEILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C 


SAN      D  , 

;e,  by  post,  per  Ton 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  desciiption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWORK  material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35,  Poultry,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Wails,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


DAVID      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK,  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBROOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  en  application  for  every  description  o 

Horticultural  BuUdings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden   Framis  and  Sashes   in  Stock. 

Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


^•Li^SHeUSESScttEAtlNGN 


L^lA.  BfiAtJTORT  STREET.  CHELSEA,  B.W.^> 


RICHARDSON'S 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated, 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,   owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  wMcli  no  charge  is  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 

A   GOLD  MEDAL  {the  higfwsl  award)  has  this  year  been  awarded  to  u^  in  o^en  competition  Jor  general  excehencc  m 
Horticultural  Buildings^  by  the  Society  0/ A  rchitects. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


Richly  Illustrated  Catalogue,  containing  over  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens^  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses,  &c. ,  recently  erected  by  M,  bf  Co. ,  for  24  stamps^ 


MESSENGER     &    CO 

LOUGHBOBOUGH, 


PA  NY, 


September  zj,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


413 


Cucumber  Frames. 
H  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO. 

draw    specia.1    attention 


RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to    their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  ihey  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       £  J.  d. 
2-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  »    -p^^.^^     {       3  lo    o 
3-ligh.  frame.  ,.  feet  by  6  feet  V^^'^^^^^  \     ^lll 
6.1ight  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet  )  l     10     o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  frammg  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices, 

R.  HALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester. 


Complete  with  Stagiog, 
I  Gutter,    Coloured   Glass, 
I  and   IjOUghhorough  Hot- 
rater  Apparatus,  erected 
athin  15  miles  of  London 
[  Bridge,    or  carriage  paid 
to  any  station  in  England. 
Larger  sizes,  complete 

12  by    8  feet,  £-iZ    o    o 

15  by    9  feet,      35  10    o 

30  by  10  feet,      44  10    o 

25  by  12  feet,      66     o     o 

(Design  Registered.)     GULD  MEDAL  AWARDED.  1885. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses, 

&c.,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE    OF 
CHARGE.    DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot  water  Engineers, 

wilfi^ln'^^uU  [  LON DON     BRIDGE. 

GLASS.— Cut  Sizes,  from  12  by  9  upwards, 
in  100  and  200  feet  boxes,  in  15-ounce  and2i-ounce. 
A.    CUNNINGHAM    and    CO..    Glass,    Lead,  and    Oil 
Warehouse,  18,  Leiih  Street,  Edinburgh. 


BOULTON    &    PAUL,    NORWICH. 


No.  76.— Melon  or  Cucumber  Frames. 
Cash  Prices— Carriage  Paid.  Price.        Packing  Ca; 

8  feet  long   , .  6  feet  wide     . .     jfis     50     . .     4^-  f  Alloy 
la  feet  long  . .  6  feet  wide     . .        4         ' 
16  feet  long   ,.  6  feet  wide     ..        6 
These  Frames  are  13  inches  deep 
at  the  back  ;  the  lights  are  2  inche 
strengthening  rod,  and  one  handle 

four  coats  of  best  oil  colour,  the  lights  being  glazed  with  best 
2I-0Z.  English  glass.  Orders  amounting  to  40;.  carriage  paid 
to  most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 

BOILERS  and  HOT- WATER  APPARATUS 

for  Heating  all  kinds  of  Buildings. 
Send  for  complete  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application. 


00     ..    5/6  (  car.  paid. 

front,  and  24  inches  deep 

thick,  with  a  strong  iron 

ch  light.     All  painted 


THE  Darlington 

GOLD  MEDAL  ALL-WOOL  DRESS  FABRICS 


(AS     WORN     BY     H.R.H.     THE     PRINCESS     OF     WALES) 


Are  now  Supplied  Direct  from  the  Manufactory,  at  Wholesale  Price,  there  being 

no  Intermediate  Profits  whatever. 


PLEASE     NOTE     THAT 


ANY     ARTICLE     CAN     BE     CHANGED     WITHIN     SEVEN     DAYS. 

Ladies  in  any  part  of  the  World  are  invited  to  Send  FOR  PATTERNS,  Post-free,  of  the 
new  makes  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Seasons,  which  embrace  every  variety  of  material  desired, 
and  of  which  the  Daily  News  says  : — 

f^  The  union  of  warmth  to  lightness,  so  necessary  to  health,  is,  in  these  materials,  brought 
to  perfection.  .  .  .  The  fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed— English  wool,  be  it 
understood— imparts  the  cuimirable  quality  of  draping  in  those  soft  folds  now  so  essential  from  the 
point  of  view  of  fashion . 

SFECIAIi  ATTENTION  is  directed  to  our  celebrated  CROSS-WARP  SERGES,  which,  alike,  resist 
the  effects  ol  weather  and  sea,  lOJd.  to  38.  per  yard.  Our  GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,  in  aU  the  New 
Colourings,  from  Is.  6(1.  to  48.  6d.  per  yard.  NEW  and  FASHIONABLE  COSTUME  CLOTHS  in  great 
variety,  from  6Jd.  to  5s.  p;r  yard,  including  "The  LOWSTOCK,"  "The  ASHEHURST, 
DAMIETTA,"  "The  KHAIBER,"  "  The  SHUMLA,"  "  The  TARAPACA,"  "The  PANAMA, 
HOLSTEIN,"  "  The  ZEELAND,"  &c. 

CHARMING    NOVELTIES  in    SKIRTINGS,    including     "The   YESSO,"     "The   NINGPO, 
FOO-CHOO,"  &c.       - 


The 
The 


'  The 


'fj^j-tU   /. 


PATTERNS       POST-FREE. 


HENRY  PEASE  &  Cs  SUCCS. 


Spinners  and 
Manufacturers, 


DARLINGTON, 


PLEASE    NOTE   THAT    ALL    PARCELS    ARE    CARRIAGE    PAID. 


[ESTD.    1752. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 


1886. 
Months, 


_,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


commencing 

^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £1  y.  lod.;    6  Months,  11^.  \\d.;    3  Months,  6s.;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  ^i  8^.  2d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  shou'd  be  crossed  " DRUMMOND." 


'414 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[September  25,  1886. 


THE  GARDENER^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines... /o 

^ 

0 

15 

i^ines... 

£0     8     ( 

5 

„    ...   0 

^ 

6 

16 

„     ... 

09c 

6 

»      .••     0 

4 

0 

17 

))     ■•• 

0     9    f 

7 

„       ...     0 

4 

6 

18 

„     ... 

0   10    c 

R 

1)       ••■     0 

I 

0 

19 

1)     ••• 

0   10    f 

9 

»       •••     0 

1 

6 

20 

»» 

0   II     t 

10 

„     ...    0 

6 

0 

21 

» 

0   II     < 

11 

„     ...    0 

6 

6 

22 

»     ■•• 

0   12 

12 

„    ...    0 

7 

0 

23 

„     ... 

0   12 

13 

11     •••    ° 

7 

6 

24 

„ 

0   13    ( 

14 

11     ■■•    0 

S 

0 

25 

itionaL"' 

0   13 

Its 

«  across  two 

Columns,  tt 

e  lowest 

charge  w 

11  be  30J. 

If  SP 

across  three 

Col 

jmns, 

he  lowest  charge 

will  be  40J. 

Page 

_ 

..&')    0 

0 

Haif  Page  .. 

„ 

..SO 

0 

Column 

■  •3    5 

0 

OAEDENERS.  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertiser  arc  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 
ail  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Mabriagbs,  <,s.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  reath  ih*  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  m  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,   O.   33.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  113.  lid.  ;    3   Months.  6S. 

Foreign   (exceotine    India   and   China);    including    Postage, 

f  1  63.  for  12  Months :    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 
Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  nayable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 
W.C.  to  W.  Ri 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


H 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwoik,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  snhslinite  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fuliy  two-thirds  cheaper.  was 

introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  hy  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quattty,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  11.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  tn  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Ef^q.,  TJte  Ryleys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

'*  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  gL-id  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gales,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near  Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.C.  ;  and 
116,  Stephen's  Green.  Dublin. 


of  15-OZ.   glass 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kepi 

A  large  slock    of  simi" 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMIIiOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

84,  St  John's  Street,  ■We3t  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  applitalum.    Quote  Chrmule. 


THE    MOST    COMPLETE 

STANDARD  WORKS  on  ORCHIDS. 


THE  ORCHID  ALBUM, 


NEW,  RARE,  &  BEAUTIFUL  ORCHIDACEOUS  PLANTS 
Cultivated  In  this  Country. 

ROBERT    WARNER,   F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S., 
Author  of"  Select  Orchidaceous  Plants," 

Benjamin  Samuel  WILLIAMS,  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S., 
Author  of  "  The  Orchid  Growers'  Manual,"  &c. 

THE   BOTANICAL   DE.SCRIPTIONS   BY 

THOMAS     MOORE,     F.L.S.,    F.R.H.S., 

CuratDr  of  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Gardens. 

The  Coloured  Figures  by  JOHN  NUGENT  FITCH,  F.US. 


Five    J'o'n?nes.   containing    240  Hand-coloured   P/afcs,    noiv 
ready.  Price  ;^  15,  -unbound,  or  bound  in  strong  hand- 
some coz'ers  •with  gilt  edges^  Price  ;£i6  io.r. 

This  Album  is  issued  in  Royal  Quarto,  which  enables  the 
Artist  to  produce  ample  and  intelligible  portraits  of  the  plants, 
which  are  drawn  and  coloured  by  liandin  the  best  sty  le. 

The  Text  comprises  English  botanical  descriptions  of  the 
plants  figured,  notes  on  their  cultivation,  and  such  general 
observations  concerning  them  as  may  be  likely  to  prove  of 
interest  or  utility  to  Orchid-growers. 

Tlie  Work  is  issued  regularly  in  Monthly  Parts.  Each  Part 
contains  four  \\3nA%0Ta.€i.y  kand-colourea.  Plates. -wil)!  descriptive 
Letterpress  ;  and  a  Volume,  consisting  of  Twelve  Parts,  is 
completed  annually. 

Price  ss.  per  Part,  or  6qs.  per  annum  (  Twelve  Parts),  Post  free. 

Vols.  I,.  11..  III..  IV.,  and  V.  can  be  supplied,  bound  complete, 

with  gilt  edges,  price  £^  6s.  each. 


JUST    PUBLISHED, 

ORCHID-GROWERS' 
MANUAL, 

Sixtli  Edition,  Enlarged  and  Revised 

BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  F.L.S.,  F.  R.H.S. 

Author  of  the  "Orchid  Album," 

"  Selected  Ferns  and  Lycopods,'*  "  Choice  Stove  and  Greenhc  u^e 

Flowering  Plants,"  ''Choice  Stove  and  Greenhouse 

Ornamental-leaved  Plat  t%"  &c. 

Post  Zvo,,  Cloth,  Price  155.  ;     Free  by  Parcel  Post,  15J.  6d. 

Profusely  Illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  page  and  double- 
page  Engravings  on  Wood,  together  with  Blocks  illustrative 
of  types  of  the  various  genera. 

This  popular  work  has  been  entirely  remodelled  and  revised 
up  to  the  present  time,  and  has  been  enlarged  to  659  pageF.  It 
contains  descriptions  of  upwards  of  1470  species  and  varieties  of 
Orchidaceous  plants,  together  with  478  synonyms  ;  also  author- 
ities for  the  names,  the  families  to  which  the  various  genera 
belong,  the  flowering  period,  native  country,  and  references  to 
figures.  

Published  by  B,  S.  WILLIAMS, 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOW  AY,  LONDON,  N. 

May  also  be  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  the  following  Agents: — 

Agent/or  the  Continent — 

Mr.  NILSSON,  iz,  Rue  Auber.  Paris. 

Agent  for  U.S.  America- 

Mr.  CHAS.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 

A^entfor  India — 
Mr.  J.  P.  CHATrERJEE.  78,  Narcoldaugh  Marn  Road, 
Calcutta. 
Agent  for  South  America- 
Ms   P.  M.  BINOT,  Nurseryman,  Petropolis,  Brazil, 


Russia  Mats— Raffla. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  &c.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZand  FISHER.  James  St..  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
R.AFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR. 
PAULINS  and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  apolication. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

TO    SEEDSMEN,    FLORISTS,    &c. 

GEORGE  HARRISON, 

182,    DRURY    LANE,    LONDON,    W.C, 


BOUQUET        WIRE. 

WHITE  WIRE  on  Reels,  ij.  zd.  per  lb.  I  ,  „  ...  ,„  ,.  ,. 
BLUE  WIRE,  on  Reels.  gJfCrf.  per  lb.  I  ■•  '"'=  '°  ">=  "'• 
BLUE  WIRE,  for  Stalks,  4,'4rf.  per  lb.,  in  s'^-in.,  7-in.,  and 

lo-in.  lengths. 
BRIGHT    WIRE,    for    Camellias,     (.lid.   per  lb.,    in   7-in. 

lengths  ;  (30)  Z^d.  per  lb. 
BLUE  WIRE,  in  Rings,  from  41.  per  stone  of  r4lb. 

N.  B.  N  o  less  than  3  lb.  packets  of  Reel  Wire,  or  6  lb.  packets 
of  Stalk  Wire  at  these  prices. 


BOXES  (Light  Wood  Boxes).— The  cheapest 
strongest,  *ind  best ;  suitable  for  packing  Flowers,  Plants, 
Fruit,  and  all  kinds  of  articles  fnr  transmission  by  post  or  rail. 
Samples  and  Price  List  Six  Stamps.  All  sorts  and  sizes  of  Bcves 
made  to  order.  Propagating  Trays,  isby  q  byzK.  rzi-  per  gro-s. 
T.  CASBON,  Box  Maker,  Millfield  Works.  Peterborough. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Alsn  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Wood. 

THE  GENERAL  WOOD  COMPANY, 
Swedish  Wharf,  High  Street,  Peckham,  London,  S.E., 
supply  all  descriptions  of  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES.  Manufactured  DOORS,  FLOORING, 
MOULDINGS.  SASH-BARS,  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 
Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 


Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  sigaiasi  by  the 

KAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  CornhiU,  London. 
Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £216,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ;£2,2is,ooo. 

Chairman,  Hakvie  M.  Fauquhar,  Esq, 
Apply  to   the  Clerks  at   the   Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C  ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  ComhiU,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


To   Travellers,    Commission   Agents,    &c.,    having 

influence  amongst   Fiuit  Growers,    Nurserymen,    and    the 
Trade  generally. 

WANTED,  by  an  old-established  English 
house,  influential  REPRESENTATIVES  throughout 
the  United  KinEdom  and  abroad,  to  introduce  Plants  of  certain 
striking  and  most  valuable  novelties  in  the  Fruit  Department. — 
Address,  REVOLUTION,  T.  W.  Hannaford,  73,  Ludgate 
Hill,  London,  E.C. 


PARTNERSHIP.— A  Gentlem.in  wishes 
to  find  a  Partnership  wilh  a  Florist  and  Nursery  Gardener 
doing  business  in  a  targe  way.  Advertiser  is  an  active,  prac- 
tical man,  and  able  to  take  lull  share  in  Management  ot  Work- 
ing. Near  South-Western  or  Midland  County  town  preferred. 
— Particulars,  which  will  be  tieated  as  confidential,  capital  re- 
quired. &c,  first  to  FLORAL,  Beckett,  28,  Cullum  Street, 
London,  E.C. 


WANTED  IMMEDIATELY,  a  good  prac- 
tical WORKING  PARTNER,  by  a  distinguished 
Amateur  wilh  a  large  increasing  Nursery  Trade,  Market  Gar- 
den, and  Cut  Flower  connection.  Charmingly  situated  Nur- 
sery of  6  acres  :  pr?ctically  unopposed.  A  man  thoroughly 
master  of  Nursery  Routine,  and  some  experience  in  Travelling 
for  Orders  preferred.  ;66oo  for  tialt  shire. — Address  reply — H. 
N.,  86,  Fleet  Street.  London,  E.C. 


WANTED,  a  good  WORKING  HEAD 
GARDENER.  A  manied  man  wiihout  children  pre- 
ferred, of  about  35.  Must  be  used  to  the  Management  of  a  fair 
sized  Garden,  good  Grape  Grower,  also  well  up  in  Stove  Plants, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Hardy  Plants,  Shrub  and  Tree 
Planting.  Wages.  24^.  to  75*.  per  week,  good  house,  coals, 
and  vegetables.— H.  HARRIti,  Steventon  Manor,  Micheldever, 
Hants. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  practical  GAR- 
DENER, well  up  to  his  work.  Married,  no  children. 
Wife  to  look  after  Lodge.  Good  personal  character  indispens- 
able.— State  wages  required,  and  fuU  particulars,  Z.,  House- 
keeper, 89,  Cannon  Street,  E.C, 


WANTED,  a   GARDENER,  under  Glass. 
Wife  lor  Poultry.    No  children.     Wagts,  i;.,  with  cot- 
tage.— Windlesham  Court,  WindlCaham,  Surrey,  near  Sunning- 


WANTED,  a  good  KITCHEN  GAR- 
DENER and  WIFE,  without  family,  as  Master  and 
Matron  of  Boys' Orphanage.  Church  people.— Miss  COOKE, 
Beckley  Grove,  Oxford. 

ANTED,  a  LANDSCAPE  GARDENER. 

Can  any  Gei  tleman  recommend  a  good  Landscape 
Gardener  to  do  some  work— not  on  a  grand  sca'e— at  a  place  in 
Surrey  ?— Address,  letter  only,  F.  S.  B.,  5,  Mount  Street, 
Grosvenor  Square,  W. 

WANTED,  a~WORklNG  FOREMAN, 
who  thoroughly  understands  Grape  Growing,  Tomatos, 
&c.,  for  Market.  — For  particulars,  apply  to  EDWARD  POND, 
The  Vineries,  St.  Laurence.  Jersey. 


WANTED,  a  respectable,  steady  Man,  as 
PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Plants  and  Cut 
Flowers  for  Market.  One  well  up  in  Potting.  Tying,  and 
Flower  Making,  and  Growing  Roses  under  Glass.  Every 
encouragement  given  to  a  young  man  able  to  show  good  results. 
One  who  has  grown  tor  the  London  Trade  preferred.  State 
wages  and  experience,— THOS.  KNIGHT,  Moss  Side  Nur- 
sery, Ashton  under-Lyne.  Lancai-hire. 


WANTED,  for  a  Market  Nursery,  an  ex- 
perienced GENERAL  PLANT  GROWER  for  Mar- 
ket and  Cut  Bloom.  Mu<it  be  well  up  in  Pelargoniums,  Bou- 
vardias.  Cyclamens,  and  Double  Primulas.  Wages  progressive, 
commencing  at  25J.  per  week,  permanent  situation  to  a  suitable 
person.  —  State  age.  experience,  and  where  obtained,  to 
TURNER  BROS..  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  Green  Hill  Nur- 
sery,  Allerton.  Liverpool. 

anted',  a  YOUTH  in  the  Houses,  ac- 

customed    to    Tying,     Potting.    &c.  —  GEORGE 
I    EDWARDS,  Balham  Nursery,  London,  S.W. 


SEPTEMBER  25,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


415 


WANTED,  a  FOREMAN  or  MANAGER, 
for  a  General  Jobbing  and  Floral  Business.  Must 
have  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Trade  and  experienced  in 
the  Management  of  Men. —Apply,  staling  fully  nature  and 
extent  of  experience,  age,  and  wages  required,  to  MANAGER, 
Mr.  Cole,  i,  Bow  Church  Yard,  London,  E.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important  in 
Retnitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  ii,i,  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prez'ent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. ^ 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instance! 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  tlie  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  alt. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Nanus  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  thev  wish  Repeated. 
Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investJKaiion,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  Stc—Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm.Cutbush&Son,  Highgate  Nurseries,  I,ondon,N. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  108.  High  Street,  Dumfries,  N.IV 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238.  High  Holborn.  W.C. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS, 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements-  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO, 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  others  are 
kept.— First-class  in  all  branches.  Excellent  character. 
Active  and  industrious.— A.  B.  CHAMBERLAIN,  Baker, 
Twickenham. 

ARDENER  (HEAD).— Age  38,  married,  no 

family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Good 
Manager  of  Men,  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  Charge  of 
a  good  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  recommended.— 
GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kimbolton,  St.  Neots. 

GARDENER  (He.\d).— Age  35,  married  ; 
Scotch,  Is  open  for  engagement  with  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman.  Has  had  twenty  years*  practical  experience  in  all 
branches  of  the  profession.— F.  SPARKHILL,  Nurseries, 
Birmingham. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 

Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey,  Surrey,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  r-i- 
quiring  the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in  pre- 
sent situation.  — For  further  parti'iulars  please  address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. 
— Age  34.  married  when  suited  ;  first-class  in  all  branches. 
Six  years  Head  Gardener  in  present  place.  Excellent  cha- 
racter.—A.  B.,.Messrs.  Rodger,  McClelland  &  Co.,  Hill  Street, 
Newry. 

ARDENER  (Head);  age  34,  married/no 

family. — Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady, 
NobUman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in 
all  branches  of  gardening.— The  Gardens,  Highfields,  Thehvall, 
Warrington. 

ARDENER    (Head).— Age   39,    married   ; 

leaving  through  death  of  employer.  High  qualification 
for  a  large  establishment,  and  general  routine  of  Horticulture 
and  Exhibiting.  Ten  years'  unimpeachable  character,  and 
several  first-class  testimonials.— H.  MUNDEY,  Orwell  Lodge, 
Ipswich. 


GARDENER  (HEAD);  age 29.— Mr. Green- 
field. The  Priory  Gardens,  Warwick,  can  highly  recom- 
mend a  steady,  industrious  man,  as  a  good  Gardener,  to  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  one.  Fourteen 
years  practical  experience  ;  particularly  well  versed  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  Orchids.     Excellent  lestimoniaJs. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  31,  married; 
total  abstainer  sixteen  years.- Walter  Edwards,  Gar- 
dener to  A.  H.  Lancaster,  Esq.,  Honeylands,  Waltham  Abbey, 
Essex,  has  had  good  experience  in  Rock  Building,  with  Herba- 
ceous Plant  Culture,  and  the  general  routine  of  good  Gardens, 
eighteen  years— is  now  open  to  an  engagement. 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  36.— Charles 
_Hhrrin,  for  the  past  ten  years  Gardener  to  the  late  J. 
N.  Hibbert,  Esq.,  Chalfont  Park,  seeks  a  re-engagement. 
Leaving  through  death  of  employer,  and  break-up  of  the 
establishment.  Thoroughly  practical  knowledge  in  all  depart- 
ments of  Gardening  and  Estate  Work.— C.  HERRIN,  Gerard's 
Cross,  Buckinghamshire. 

ARDENER  (Head).  —  John    Dunbar, 

during  the  past  two  years  Plant  Foreman  at  Blenheim 
Palace,  offers  his  services  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  Gardener.  Excellent  testi- 
monials Irom  all  previous  situations.  Mr.  Eelhell  would  be 
pleased   to  _^nswjr  any   inquiries    respecting    capabilii 


integrity.— The  Gardens,  Blenhei 


1  Pala. 


,  Woodstock. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  family  ; 
at  liberty  to  engage  with  a  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentle- 
mm  requiring  a  fir:,t-class  energetic  practical  man,  who  tho- 
roughly understands  his  duty.  Several  years  Head  in  two 
Noblemen's  EstabUshments  where  Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vege- 
tables, where  grown  on  a  large  scale;  extensive  pleasure 
grounds.  Excellent  character.  — K.  F.,  -k,  Beacon&field  Terrace, 
Perry  Hill.  Catford,  S.E, 

ARDENER     (Head    Working),    where 

help  is  given. — Age  26,  single  :  thirteen  years*  practical 
experience.  Highest  references.  Abstainer.— Mr.  OLIVER 
GOLDSMITH.  Polesden.  Dorking,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— R.  Craig 

can  with  confidence  recommend  a  man  as  above  ;  has 
served  in  some  of  the  best  Gardens  in  Scotland  and  the  North 
of  England.  Excellent  testimonials  from  present  and  past  em- 
ployers. Thoroughly  efficient  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
-For  particulars  address  R.  CRAIG,  Nurseryman,  Kendal. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working,   or   good 

Single-handed). — Age  37,  married  ;  experienced  in  all 
branches  ;  1-and  and  Stock.  Could  Grow  for  Market.  Good 
reference.— W.  H.,  Wood  Cottage,  Bredgar,  Sittingboume. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working,  or    good 

Single-handed). — Age  27,  married;  twelve  years' 
practical  experience  in  all  branches.  First-class  reference  from 
present  and  previous  employers.  —  STEPHEN  CLARKE, 
Hanworth  Park,  Feltham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  more  are  kept,  or  Skcond  in  a  good  Private  Estab- 
lishment.— Well  experienced.  Gjod  character  from  last  and 
previous  places.— G.  EMERY,  7,  Elgin  Terrace,  Malda  Vale, 
London,  W. 

/^ARDENER    (Head,    or    good     Single- 

^  *  handi^d).  —  Age  26.  married,  no  family  ;  fourteen  years' 
experience.  Highest  references.  —  Mr.  TODD,  Head  Gar- 
dener, Ford  Manor  Gardens,  Lingfield.  Surrey. 

GARDENER.— Age  34,  married;    practical 
in  all  branches  ;  good  character.  —  X.,  3,  Eastern  Terrace, 
Albert  Road,  Romford. 

GARDENER  (Thorough  Single-handed), 
or  otherwise— Ages'4q  and  46.  married,  noencumbrance  ; 
wife  useful.  Good  character  and  testimonials.  — F.  S.,  A.  Shep- 
hard,  Chilworth,  near  Guddford. 

GARDENER.— Age  31,  married  ;  thoroughly 
practical.     Well   up   in   all   branches.  —  GARDENER, 
Shillingthorpe  Hall  Gardens,  Stamford. 

/T^ARDENER,  where  help  is  given,  or  good 

v-J  Single-handed. —Age  28,  single;  thoroughly  expe- 
rienced in  the  general  routine  of  Gardening.  Good  references. 
— F.  W..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

r:j.ARDENER   (S~ingle-kanded),   or^vhere 

y-^,  help  is  given.— Age  30,  married  :  understands  Garden- 
ing in  all  its  branches.  Fifteen  years'  experience.  Six  years* 
good  character.  —  D.  J.  M.,  Southwood,  Hildenborough, 
Tunbridge,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Under).  — Age   25,   single; 
two  years' good  character.— C.  MOORE,  The  Gardens, 
Cleaveland  House,  Thornton  Road,  Clapham  Park,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Under).— A  young  man  who 
has  lost  his  place  owing  to  reduction  of  establishment. 
More  than  two  years'  good  character.— Apply  for  reference  to 
E.  W.  CRACROFT,  Esq  ,  Hackthorn  Hall,  Lincoln. 

"p'OREMAN.— Age  25  ;  eleven  years' thorough 

-*-  practical  experience  in  all  branches.  Good  reference  as 
to  ability  and  general  character.— A.  WAITE,  Church  Road, 
Earley,  Reading,  Berks. 

"p'OREMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— Age 

-L  29  ;  experienced.  Three  years  as  Foreman  in  last  place. 
Good  references. -PYNE,  4,  Beaconsfield  Cottages,  Church 
End,  Finchley,  N. 

FOREMAN,  or  good  Second,  in  a  Noble- 
man's or  Gentleman's  Establishment.  —  Age  24:  nine 
years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Good  references.- J.  IDE, 
The  Gardens,  Effingham  House,  Leatherhead,  Surrey. 

ROPAGATOR  and    GROWER.— Middle- 

aged  ;  well  up  in  Fruit,  Plants,  Cut  Flowers.  &c.,  for 
Market  or  other  purposes.  Good  references.—  C.  D.,  Sea  View, 
Sugden  Road,  Worthmg.  Sussex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  Establishment. 
—Age  23  ;   can   be    well  recommended  — H.    CROOKS, 
Holloway,  near  Cromford,  Derby. 

Gentlemen  and  Market  Growers. 
JOURNEYMAN,  or  Second,  in  a  Gentle- 

^  man's  establishment,  inside  preferred. — Age  21  ;  six  years' 
experience— B.  WOOD,  Newton  Solney,  Burton-on-Trent. 

TMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden,  under 

-*-  a  Foreman. — Age  i3  ;  four  years'  experience.  Good  cha- 
racter.-G.  COOPER,  Serbouine,  St.  John,  Basingstoke. 


T 


IMPROVER,  in  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman  s 
Garden.— Age  19  ;  good  reference.— A.  B.,  Mrs.  Gurney, 
Taplow,  Bucks.    

IMPROVER,  under  a  Gentleman's  Gardener, 
—Age  22  ;  three  years  in  a  nursery.— T.  WOODCOCK, 
Church  Cottages,  Malvern,  Wells. 

IMPROVER,    in   a   Nobleman's    or   Gentle- 
man's family,  in  the  Garden. — Age  19  ;    five  years*  cha- 
racter—W.    WIGMORE,  The   Ridings.   Chipping    Sodbury, 

To  Head  Garclenera. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden  ;  In- 
doors and  Out. — Age  18  :  six  years*  gocd  character. — 
W.  M.,  The  Gardens,  Wykehurst,  Bolney,  Hayward's  Heath, 
Sussex. 

O  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situation 

under  a  Head  Gardener.  Age  rg.  Five  years'  reference. 
—  F.  MAY,  Gieenham,  Wellington,  Somerset. 

O      NURSERYMEN,    &c.  —  Wanied,~~a 

situation  in  Nursery.  Well  up  in  Nursery  Woik  and 
Orchids  (age  2;).  Nine  years'  experience. — A.  S.,  4,  Arthur 
Street,  Garslon,  Liverpool. 

O  NURSERYMEN  and  SEEDSMEN.— 

Wanted  a  situation  in  a  Nursery.  Understands  Nursery 
and  Market  Work,  Greenhouses,  Peaches,  and  Vines.  Two 
years'  in  present  situation  as  Salesman  and  Plant  Grower.  Good 
reference.- J.  GREEN,  Salesman,  Messrs.  Vertegan's  Stalls, 
Market  Hall.  Birmingham. 

URSERYMEN    and     MARKET     GAR- 

DENERS.— An  active  young  man  of  good  education 
and  address,  seeks  an  engagement  to  increase  general  practical 
knowledge,  and  Assist  Principal  or  Manager. — N.  M.,  Gar- 
deners Chronicle  OfBce,  4t,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Mercbants. 

TRAVELLER  or  MANAGER.  —  Wm, 
Rush  FORTH  having  now  terminated  his  engagement 
with  Messrs.  Steele  Bros.  &  Co.,  of  Toronto,  wi  I  be  at  liberty 
to  engage  as  above  in  October.  Thoroughly  experienced  in  all 
branches  of  the  business.  Well  known  in  the  trade  in  the  Mid- 
land Counties,  Yorkshire,  &c.  Highest  testimonials.— Address, 
Post-office,  Liverpool. 

To  Market  Gardeners. 
ALESMAN,  MANAGER,  or  FOREMAN. 

— Thoroughly  experienced.  Security  could  be  given. — 
G.,  "  Jolly  Gardeners,*  Isleworlh  Road.  Isleworlh. 

pLERK,    or     SHOPMAN.— Age    23  ;    eight 

V-v'     years'  experience    with   Messrs.   Charles  Sharpe   &  Co. 
Good  references.— JOHN  BATIERHAM,  Sleaford. 

ANAGING  SHOPMAN,  with  view  to  an 

early  PARTNERSHIP,  in  a  young  but  rapidly  grow- 
ing Seed  and  Florist  Business  in  the  North. — Apply,  with  full 
particulars,  to  B.  P.  I.,  Gardener^  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  W  C. 

RAVELLER,  in  Nursery  or  Seed  Business. 

Twenty  years*  experience  in  the  Trade —M.  D.,  Gar- 
deners' CItranic'e  OfUct,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

HOPMAN,  TRAVELl¥r,    or    other^e. 

— Age  26  ;  ten  years*  experience,  including  five  years 
with  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley.  Good  references.  -  W. 
WILLS,  Church  Stieet,  Merriott,  Ciewkerne. 

<,^HOPMAN.— Age    24  ;    eleven    years'    ex- 

in  good  Houses.     Thorough  knowledge  of  Sei 


s 


SHOPMAN,  or  Second. — Ten   years'  expe- 
rience in  first-class  houses  ;  unexceptionable  references. — 
EDINA,  80A,  George  Street,  Edinburgh. 

HOPMAN   (Second),  or  ASSISTANT.— 

Five  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of  the 
Seed  Trade. — Good  testimonials  from  present  and  previous 
employers.— A.  SWAIN,  Norton,  Malton. 


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  2;  ; 
nine  years'  experience  in  all  departments.  At  present 
First  Counterhand  in  a  Scotch  house.  First,  class  references. — 
D.  C,  Mr.  Fletcher,  irj,  Eglinton  Street,  Glasgow. 


To  the  Seed  Trade, 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant).  —  Age  20  ;  six 
years'  experience.  Well  acquainted  with  all  departments 
of  the  business.  —  G.  H.,  Gardeners'  Chrenicle  Office  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


To  Seedameu  and  Florists. 

ASSISTANT.— Age  23  ;  respectable.    Good 
Writer;  can    olTer   good   references,    &c.— C.     W.     D, 
Hazeldean,  Comford  Grove,  Balham,  S,W. 


To  Nuraervmen. 

WREATH  and  BOUQUET  MAKER,  and 
GROWER  of  Soft-wooded  Plants,  Ferns,  and  Cut 
Flowers  in  quantities  for  Market.  Well  up  in  the  general 
routine  of  Indoor  Work,  Potting,  &C.-G.  L.,  Gardenen' 
CJtronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

TO  GENTLEMEN,  &c.— Situation  wanted 
by  an  experienced  Man  on  Gentleman's  Estate,  or 
otherwise.  Can  do  Painting,  Glazing,  and  Hot-water  Repairs, 
and  take  charge  of  Fires.  Wife  a  thorough  Laundress.— E.  G, , 
7,  Industry  Row,  Mortlake. 


HOLLOWAY'S  pills —Easy  Digestion.— 
These  admirable  Pills  cannot  be  too  highly  appreciated 
for  the  wholesome  power  they  exert  over  alt  disorders  of  the 
stomach,  liver,  bowels,  and  kidneys.  They  instantaneously  re- 
lieve and  steadily  work  out  a  thorough  cure,  and  in  its  course 
dispel  headache,  biliousness,  flatulence,  and  depression  of 
spirits.  It  is  wonderful  to  watch  the  daily  improvement  of  the 
the  complexion,  as  Holloway 's  Pills  purify  the  blood  and  restore 
plumpness  to  the  face  which  had  lost  both  flesh  and  colour. 
These  Pills  combine  every  excellence  desirable  in  a  domestic 
remedy.  The  most  certain  and  beneficial  results  flow  from  the 
occasional  use  of  this  regulating  medicine;  even  persons  in 
health,  or  when  following  sedentary  occupations,  will  find  it  an 
invaluable  aperient. 


4t6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(SEtTEMBKR  2$,    1886, 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON,  Limited, 

Smithfield  Iron  Works,  Leeds,  and  Surrey  Works,  Blackfriars  Road,  London,  S.E., 

HORTICULTURAL  ENGINEERS  to  HER  MAJESTT  THE  QUEEN,  call  Special  Attention  to  their 

PATENT    WROUGHT-IRON    MUNICIPAL   OR  ANGULAR   CHAMBERED  AND   TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER    BOILERS, 


And    others    with    SHELVES,    and    Hollow    or    Ordinary    Cast-iron    GRATE    BARS. 

C  A  nni    Z.     Dni  I    CDQ      ^''''  waterway  backs  and  WELDED  BOILERS,  any  of  which  are  Specially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhoufes,  Conservatories    Churches   Cbapeb 
OnUULll     DUILUno,  schools,  Publlc  BuiUiogs,  Entrance  Halls,  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c.      They  are  the  neatest,  cheapest,  most  effeciive,  and  durable  of  any  extant. 

The  MUNICIPAL  and  TUBULAR  mils  are  remarkalle  for  their  great  he iting  fower,  stolv  comhmtion,  and  the  length  of  time  the  fire  mill  burn  -witlumt  requiring  attention. 

These  Patterns  secured  the  FIRST  and  HIGHEST  FRIZE,  a  SILVER  MEDAL,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Exhibition,  South  Kensington,  London,  June  1, 1881 


The  loagituiinal  f 


The  cross  section  giv 
'hi^h  t%  necessary  for  thi. 


SECTIONAL     PLAN. 


ew  of  the  fire-box,  water  space,  and  V  shaped  back. 

of  boiler . 


u  B  1 

MBS 
UBS 
M  B  4 


SIZES    AND     PRICES 

3  ft.  2  in.  long  by  S  ft.  0  in.  wide  by  8  ft.  0  in.  deep 

4  0  „      by  2       0  „      by  8       0  „ 

5  0  „     by  2       3  ,,      by  2       6  „ 
8       6            „      by  4       0            „      by  3       9            „ 


Calculated  to     ' 

heat  4-in.  piping  < 

as  follows  ; —     J 


650  ft. 

800 
1300 
5000 


Price  £15  0  0 

„         21  0  0 

„        32  0  O 

,,        85  0  0 


TESTIMONIAL 


MESSRS.  THOS.   GREEN  &  SON,  Ltd.,  NORTH  ST.,  LEEDS.  ,„„.„.„„„ 

Re  HEATING  APPARATUS. 

Gentlemen,— I  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing  testimony  to  the  efiicieucy  and  satisfactory  working  of  the  Hot-wa 
The  buildings  are  four  storeys  high,  and  we  have  a  total  length   of  about  28,000  feet  of  piping  in  them,  varying 

offices  and  rooms  can  all  be  in  operation  at  one  time  or  separately,  and  the  heat  regu'ated  by 
Two  of  your  Patent  Municipal  Pattern  Boilers,  No.  4,  work  the  whole  of  this  piping  e 

of  fuel,  and  I  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  report  of  them  and  the  apparatus  so  favourably. 


Heating  Appuatus  you  erected  in  these  public  buildings. 

.ize  from  ij^  in.  to  6  in.  diameter,  with  their  connections,  &c.    The  several 

of  the  valves  to  the  temperature  required,  even  in  the  coldest  weather. 

ily,  although  we  have  three  of  them  fixed.    They  are  very  powerful  and  economical  in  the  consumption 
I  am,  Gentlemen,  yours  truly, 


THOS.  HEWSON,  Borough  Engineer, 

HONDREDS    OF    OTHER    BBFBRENCB3    CAN    BE     GIVEN    IP     REaUIRED. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO    HUNDBED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Tw6nty-flve  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  10s.  :   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of  not   less   than  twenty-five   delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in   London   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.    RICHARDS,    41,   WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND.    LONDON,    W.C. 

Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  OSSce  of  Messrs.  BnADBUlty,  Agnbw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  White&iars,  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  tho 
said  William  P  ichards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Coimty.— Saturday,  September  25,  1886.    Agent  for  Manchester— .Iohn  Hbywood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatjlifitjeti  1841. 


No.  666.-V0L.  XXVI.  {s^k',L}      SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  2,  1886.         ], 


the  General  \    Price  5d. 

\  Newspaper.  jpoST-FREE,   5J(/. 


Alpine  garden,  the 
Ainorph>phalla5Tit; 
BcC'iand  colour  .. 
:d   Orange, 


Cottage    gardens,    prizes 


CONTENTS. 


Crocuses,    autumn 


Ferns  of  the  Alps,  the 
Florists'  flowers   . . 
Flower  garden,  the 


it,  &c.,  preserving  by 


Grapes,  r  pening  of 
Gunnera  scabra  .. 
JardindesPlan-cs,  Ro 


Masdevallia  Dayana 
Nursery  nrtcs 
Orchid  notes 
Peas    and  other    plants 

Plant  portraits     . . 
Plants   aod  their  culture 
Pri:es  of  garden  produci 
Pr.mrose     seed,       Hima 


,  Messrs.,  nurseiy 
Rosery,  the 

Setd  trade,  the    . . 
Seed<,  germination  of    . . 
Spiranthes  Komanzoviana 
Tobacco     . . 
Trees  and  shrubs 
Trientalis  europasa 
Vale  Royal  Gardens 
Veitch  &  Sons',    Messrs. 

I.,  seed-grounds 
Weald,  the 
WUleriley  CastU 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Amorphophallus  Tit 
Cetcry-fly.  the 
Dahlia,  Green       .. 
Gunnera  scabra     .. 
Trientalis  europsca 


CRYSTAL         PALACE. 
GREAT    AUTUMN    FRUIT    SHOW, 
October  6.  7,  8,  and  q. 
For    Schedules,    &c.,    apply    to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Superintendent,  Crystal  Palace. 


DICHMOND     (Surrey)     CHRYSANTHE- 

±X  MUM  SHOW. 

The  SIXTH  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION  of  FLOWERS, 
FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  will  be  held  at  the  "Castle" 
Hotel,  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY.  Novembe.  11  and  12. 
Prizes,  nearly  ONE  HUNDRED  POUNDS.  For  Schedules, 
apply  to  Mr.  J.  H.  FORD,  Hon.  Sec. 

22,  George  Street,  Richmond. 

IVERPOOL     HORTICULTURAL 

ASSOCIATION. 
The  SEVENTH  GRAND  FRUIT  and  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM SHOW  will  be  held  in  St.  George's  Hall,  on  NOVEM- 
BER 23  and  24.  The  Silver  Cup  given  by  J-  WiUiams  &  Co., 
for  ,S  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  will  be  competed  for. 
Entries  close  November  16.     Schedules  on  application  to 

EDWARD  BRIDGE,  Secretary. 
Tarbock  Road,  Huyton. 


Double  Tuberoses.— Extra   Fine. 

MORLE  AND  CO.  ofier  the  above  cheaper 
than  any  House  in  the  Trade.  The  principal  Covent 
Garden  Market  growers  purchase  regularly  of  us,  which  is  the 
best  proof  of  quality.  For  price  per  loo.'iooo,  or  50CO,  write 
for  special  list.  —  i  and  2.  and  162,  Fcnchurch  Street,  E.G. 


ONE  THOUSAND  ONE  HUNDRED  and 
FIFTY  Choice  FLOWER  ROOTS  fr  One  Guinea, 
carriage  paid  to  any  address.  For  contents  see  Bulb  CATA- 
LOGUE from 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Wholesale    and   Retail    Seedsmen  and 
Bulb  Importers,  r  and  2,  and  162,  Ftnchutch  Street,  E.C. 

Dutcli  and   Other  Flower    Roots. 

MORLE  AND  CO.'S  Choice  BULBS  gained 
1st  and  2d  p'izes  last  season  in  competition  with  others 
costing  double  the  money.  Everything  best  quality,  at  lowest 
prices.     See  CATALOGUE,  frei 


nd  162,  Fenchurch  Stri 


,  EC. 


AFRICAN  TUBEROSES.— The  best  and 
cheapest  importations  of  the  year.      For  lowest  price 

^""jAMES   CARTER.  DUNNETT  and   BEALE,  J37  Md 
238,  High  Holbom,  London,  W,C.  

ZALEA  INDICA.— All  the  best  sorts,  with 

buds,    or    only  white,  variegated,    or  double    flowered. 

AZALEA   MOLLIS  with   buds.     CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts, 

with  buds.    SPIR^\  JAPONICA,  DFUTZIA  GRACILIS, 

&c.  ;  IMANTOPHYLLUM,  the  largest  colleciion. 

CATALOGUES  free  on  appUcation. 

ED.  PYNAERT-VAN  GEKRT,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Impartatlon  and  Exportation. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ornamental  Plant  Nur- 
sery, Ghent,  Belgium.  oiTers  to  the  Trade  at  very  low 
prices  AZALEA  INDICA.  best  sorts,  wilh  buds;  AZALEA 
INDICA,  Mme,  VANDER  CRUYSSEN,  wilh  buds; 
AZALEA  INDICA,  cnly  white,  with  buas  ;  AZALEA 
MOLLIS,  w.ih  budi.  CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts,  with  and 
without  buds;  CAMELLIAS,  only  white,  with  and  without 
buds;  DEUIZIA  GRACILIS,  strong.  FICUS  EL».ST1CA, 
£i  to  li  per  100.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA 
GRANDIFLORA,  strong.  !-PlR.«.1  JAPONICA,  i  and  2 
years.  CATALOGUE  Iree  on  application. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  12J.  to  245.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


Roses— Roses— Roses. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Co*an),  Limited,  have  a  large  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROStS  in  all  the  leading  varieties;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MARECHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON, 
and  other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices 
on  application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  uuusuallv  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  vaiielies)  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS;  GAR- 
DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVIL- 
LEAS.  YIN  ES  in  pots.  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee.  S  E. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &C. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATINGBOOKS,  MAGAZINES,  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicie,  18S3  to  1886. 
Address,    25,   Wellington   Street,    Strand,    London,    W.C. 


Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.    Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,        NURSERYMAN, 
•  I.orchristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 
Crulched  Friars.  London,  E.C. 


FOR  SALE,  a  well-grown  Pair  of  ALOES 
(AGAVE  AMERICANA),  4  leet  ;  also  a  MYRTLE, 
7  feet  high  :  in  tub-,- Apply  to  THOS.  EARL,  Gardener, 
Fleecefield.  Breltenham  Road.  Upper  Edmonton,  N. 


DMAC     DANIEL,       Nurseryman, 
•     223,  Lome  Place,  Leith  Walk,    Leith,    begs  to  offer 
very  fine  strong 
HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA  GRANDIS,  251  per  iod. 
SPIR^A  JAPONICA,  141.  per  loo. 
DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  251.  per  100.        [Window  Boxes. 
Also  a  great  lot  of  ^rnill  CONIFERS,  suitable  for  Pots  or 


CHOICE  SHRUBS,  for  Pots  or  Boxes.— 
THUIA  AUREA.  RETINOSPORA  AUREA,  CU- 
PRESSUS  ERECTA  JORIDIS.  JUNIPERUS,  &c..  nice 
shape,  9  to  18  inches  high  ;  30J.  per  100. 

W.  JACKSON,  Elakedowo,  Kidderminster. 


LOVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 
Price  31.   per  ico,    i2X.   6d.  per  500,  20^.   per  loao. 
From  leading  varieties.     LIST  od  application. 
Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  3^. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Slra«rberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

/:»RAPE   VINES.— Our   stock   of   Vines   is 

VX     in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.     A  LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  loiwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries.  Upper 
Holloway.  London,  N. 


WILLIAM  DENMAN,  Salesman  and 
HoRTlci'LTl'RAL  AcENT,  Covent  Garden.  W.C  ,  has 
commenced  the  Autumn  Season  for  the  SALE  of  CHOICE 
CUT  FLOWERS. 

EUCHARIS,  STEPHANOTIS,  White  CAMELLIAS.  &c. 
WANTED. 

N.B. — Agent  for  Aug.  Van  Geert,  Continental  Nurseries, 
Ghent,  Belgium.  Large  stock  of  Azalea  indica  at  low  prices. 
Good  plants  of  the  beautiful  new  winter-flowering  Begonia, 
Gloire  de  Sceaux. 

CATALOGUES  and  farther  information  on  application. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Gaideo,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oblain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


WANTED— CARNATIONS  (red,  pmk,  and 
crimson).  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  Governor,  Gloire 
de  Nancy.  VERBENAS,  Lord  Leigh.  Esmeralda.  GERANI- 
UMS. McMahon  (bicolor.  old  slock  plants).  West  Brighton 
Gem(oldstockp'ants).  HELLEBORUS  N  IGER(St.  Bridgets) 
ALTIFOLIUS.  DAISY,  Hen  and  Chickens  (red).  PANSY,' 
old  double.  HIBISCUS  SPLENDENS.  POLYANTHUS, 
the  old  blue.  PRIMROSE,  Crousseii.  DAHLIA,  Lady 
Blanche  (pompon)  HERNIARIA  GLABRA.  ASPARA- 
GUS PLUMOSUS. 
H.  CAN  NELL  AND  SONS.  Swanley.  Kent. 

Peaches— Peacliea— Peaches. 

WANTED,   good    FKUIT   of  above,  also 
STEPHANOTIS,  ORCHIDS,  &c. 
WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent    Garden.  London,  W.C. 

pATALOGUES    WANTED.  —  Growers    of 

V^     Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  &c.,  are  requested  to  send  Copies  of 
their  latest  Catalogues  to  the 

SECRETARY  of  the  ROSE  GROWERS"  ASSOCIATION. 
Box  2r3,  G.P.O.,  Sydney,  N.S.W..  Australia. 


Notice. 
King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (EsUblished  1785). 

JOHN  CRANSTON   begs  to  announce  that 
having  Purchased  the  Business  from  "  Cranston's  Nur- 
sery  and    Seed   Company,     Limited,"      these     Old-established 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of  JOHN  CRANSTON  AND  CO. 
King's  Acre. — September  29,  i885. 


T 


wo      BEAUTIFUL      NEW      PLANTS. 

IMPATIENS  HAWKF.RII,  roj.  6^. 

ARISTOLOCHIA  ELEGANS,  21J. 

The  above  are  the  most  handsome  new  flowering  plants  of  the 

jear.     They  are  now  being  sent  out,  and  can  be  seen  in  flower  at 

Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL'S  Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 

Plants,  53S  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  Lonoon,  S.W. 

GARDENIAS,  Winter-flowering  HEATHS, 
CAMELLIAS,    AZALEAS,    BOUVaRDIAS,    CAR- 
NATIONS. PALMS,  FERNS,  FICUS,  DRACAENAS,  and 
others.    Thousands  of  fine  healthy  plants  to  select  from. 
Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 
JOHN    STANDISH   and  CO..    Royal   Nurseries.   Ascot. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Season  1SS6-7.— 
Every  Grower  should  possess  one  of  my  MU.M  Guides. 
It  contains  complete  directions  for  the  successful  cultivation 
and  a  Descriptive  List  of  the  best  varieties.     Price  id. 

W.  E.  BOYCE.  F.R.H.S  .  Aichway  Road.  Hlghgate.  N. 


To  the  Trade. 

OVAL-LEAVED  PRIVET. 

i-yr.  cultincs,  6  to  12  inches  ;  2  yr.  cuttings,  i  to  2  feet, 
fine.     Price  on  application  to 

W.  MAYOR,  Harbreck  Farm,  Fazakerley.  Liverpool. 

ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  361. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

Bulb  Catalo^e. 
UR         GENERAL         LIST 

of  BULBS  and  LILIES  for  Autumn  Planting  {No.  84), 
is  now  published.  Any  Customer  not  having  received  a  Copy, 
is  requested  to  apply  for  one. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY,  Colchester. 

ESSRS.    FRED.    HORSMAN  and  CO., 

Orchid  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
iheir  new  inleileaved  CATALOGUE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwardsd  post-free  on  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO..  Colchester. 


O 


LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY.  —  First  quality 
of  true  Berlin  variety  for  early  forcing,  at  33^.  per  1000. 
By  larger  quantities,  special  price.  A  hberal  discount  for  cash 
allowed.     Samples  sent  free  of  charge. 

H.  GUMTAU  and  CO..  14,  Victoria  Road,  Putney.  S.W. 

Yellow  Carnation.  Andalusia 
B.  MAY  offers  very  fine  Plants   in   6o's, 

fit  for  immediate  potting.     Price  on  application. 
Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

In^UO      vITrVAET  -  DE     VOS     offers  :  — 
Li     INDIAN  AZALEAS  at  751.,  1031..  and  120J.  per  100 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  at  40s..  for.,  and  8oj.  per  100. 
CAMELLIAS.  Vfiih  names,  at  loci.  and  12:1.  per  100 
SPIR/E^  JAPONICA  at  8j.  and  los.  per  ico. 
All  bud  plants,  in  the  most  splendid  condition. 
The  Indian  Azalea  Nursery,  Swynaerde,  near  Ghent,  Belgium 


H, 


"pvOUBLE     WHITE     PRIMULA,     grown 

-L'  especially  for  winter  blooming,  extra  strong  plants,  in 
S-inch  pots,  \2s.  per  dozen,  755.  per  100;  EUCHARIS  AMA 
ZONICA.  bloomine  bulbs  in  5-inch  pots,  121.  per  dtzen,  751 
per  100;  EUCHARIS  CANDIDA,  3  blooming  buibi  in 
5-inch  pots,  50J.  per  100  bulbs.     Cash  with  order  to 

TURNER  BROS.,  Nurserymen  and  Florists,  Green  Hil 
Nursery,  Allerton,  Liverpool. 

IMES   —   ELMS—  LIMES. 

STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best    red-twigged    variety,     12   to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  t2  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS   and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries 
Northampton. 

QTRAWBERRY   PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 

O  Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  ihe  Rest  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market  Miis  JollilT  CARNATIONS,  Marie 
Louise  VIOLETS,  and  Marchioness  PRIMULAS.— Apply  for 
particulars  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 

Grape  Vines 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
stockofGRAPE  VINES,  clean,  robust,  and  healthy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  Ihe 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5J.  and  js.  bd.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  loj.  6</.  and  i2r.  td.  each. 

The  Vineyatd.  Garston.  Liverpool. 

Dwarf- Trained  ana  Half  Standard 

PEACH  TREES. — Several  extra-sized  young 
Peach  Trees,  Royal  George,  &c.  ;  NECTARINES, 
fruiting  trees  ;  for  disposal,  for  want  of  room.  All  these  treei 
have  borne  heavy  crops  this  season.    Apply  to 

W.  ICETON,  Putney  Park  Lane    S  VV. 


4i8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT   UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  ihcir  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C.,  every  M(JNDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAV,  at  half-past  ii  o'clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consiEnments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Hereford. 

In  Liquidation.     The  Cranston  Nursery  and  Seed  Company, 

Limited. 

NINE   DAYS'   SALE. 

GREAT    UNRESERVED    CLEARANCE    SALE   of   the 

whole   of   the  well-grown    NURSERY    STOCK,    now    in 

sp'endid  condition,  and  extending  over  80  acres  of  ground, 

bemg  one  of  the  largest  Auctions  held  for  many  years. 

Important    to    the    Trade    and    others    largely    engaged    in 

planting. 

TVTESSRS.   PROTHEROE   AND    MORRIS 

-^'-i  are  favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Liquidator  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Kmg's  Acre 
Nurseries,  near  Hereford,  on  MONDAY,  October  4,  and  eight 
following  days,  at  t2  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  the  whole  of 
the  unusually  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has 
been  carefully  prepared  fcr  removal,  and  is  now  in  excellent 
and  thriving  condition  To  convey  an  idea  of  its  magnitude, 
the  following  items  may  be  mentioned  : — 

£no[mous   quantities  of  Conifers,  including  splendid  speci- 
from  6  to  20  feet  in  height,  and  thousands  of  younger 


plants. 


Purple  Beech,  double 
Scarlet  Thorns,  &c. 

>  Forest  Trees,    Larch, 

t  2-yr.  seedlmg  Ash  and 

Oak 
I  3  yr.  to  s-yr.  Quick 

>  Aucubas  of  soits 

.  English  Yews,  various 


Fruit  Trees — an  almost 
unrivalled  stock,  and 
which,  for  freeness  of 
growth,  cannot  be 
surpassed,  compris- 
ing all  the  best  kinds 
in  Standard,  Pyra- 
mid, and  Dwarf- 
trained  Apples, 
Pears,  Plums,  Cher- 
ries,  trained  Peaches 
and  Nectarines,  &c. 

Currants  and  Goose- 
ncluding 


the  Lancashir 


I  2-yr.  Apple  and  Cherry 
I  Seakale,  one  year  and 
>  Climbing  Plants 


2,50D  Hollies  o 
16,000  Laurels{i 

rotimdifoli 
11,500  Evergreen  and    Orna- 
mental Shrubs 
10,000  Deciduous  and  Flower, 
ing  Shrubs 

Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  and  other  Stock, 

May  be  viewed  any  day  (Sunday  excepted)  prior  to  the  Sale. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  00  the  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers 

and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,   and  Ley- 

tonstone. 

N.B.— Purchasers  can  arrange  with  the  Manager,  at  the 
Nurseries,  to  have  their  lots  lifted  and  conveyed  to  the  Here- 
ford Stations,  whence  goods  may  be  despatched  to  any  part  of 
the  country  without  change  of  truck. 

NoTi>  —A  SALE  of  the  remaining  GREENHOUSE, 
ALPINE,  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  will  take  place, 
on  the  Premises,  on  THURSDAY,  October  14,  at  12  o'Clock 
precisely,  of  which  a  Supplementaiy  Catalogue  will  be  issued. 
Copies  will  be  obtainable  on  the  Premises,  or  at  the  Auc- 
tioneers' Offices. 

Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 
SALE  of  Extra  Thriving  and  Young  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  C.  Young  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises.  The  Nursery.  Upper  Tooting  Park, 
S.W.,  five  minutes'  walk  from  Balham  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
October  5,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  well- 
grown  and  thriving  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  excellent  con- 
dition for  removal,  consisting  of  thousands  of  Ornamental 
Shrubs  and  Trees,  including  Laurels,  Aucubas,  Hollies,  Rhodo- 
dendrons, Cupressus,  and  many  others  ;  Trained  Fruit  Trees, 
Climbers,  a  variety  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Palms, 
Ferns,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, at  Mr.   Young's  Seed  Shop.  Balham,  and  of  the  Auc- 
,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.  and  Leytc 


Wednesday  Nest. 
CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  FICUS,  PALMS.  DRAC^NAS, 
and  other  PLANTS  from  Holland,  ROSES  in  pots,  a 
choice  assortment  of  hardy  BULBS,  LILIUM  AURA- 
TUM,  Roman  HYACINTHS  (splendid  roots),  Dutch 
BULBS  in  variety,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67 
and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C..  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT. 
October  6,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 
NEW  CrELOGYNE,  NEW  SPATHOGLOTTIS. 
NEW  DENDROBIUM,  NEW  AERIDES. 
NEW  SACCOLABIUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  8,  at  halfpast  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
a  splendid  lot  of 

CCELOGVNE  SANDERIANA, 
the  finest  Ctfilogyne  extant ;  flowers  borne  on  thick  spikes, 
white,  larger  than  C.  cristata,  as  many  as  twenty  on  a  spike. 
SFATHOGLOmS  KIMBALLIANA,  a  magnificent  novelty  ; 
flowers  deep  yellow,  very  large,  up  to  twenty  on  a  spike. 
DENDROBIUM  HERCOGLOSSUM,  most  beautiful  Den- 
drobe.  AERIDES  GuDEFROV/K,  flower.splke  large,  and 
each  individual  blossom  an  inch  in  diameter,  of  a  lovely  deep 
red  colour.  SACCOLABIUM  MITRATUM.a  most  beautiful 
Saccalabiura.  For  full  description  of  these  novelties,  see 
Catalogue. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  ofl'ered  a  fine  lot  of  ONCIDIUM 
NUBIGENUM,  MAXILLARIAGRANDIFLORA,ODON- 
TOGLOSSUM  PARDINUM,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

CCELOGYNE  SANDERIANA,  ./ecySJ.  Z. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by 
AUi-TlOM,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
sioe,  E.G.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT.  October  8,  a  very  fine  lot  of 
CfELOGVNE  SANDERIANA,  one  of  the  finest  novelties 
introduced.     Flowers  white,  and  larger  than  cristata.     As  many 


ntye 


r  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 
LYCASTE  SKINNtRI  ALBA. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G., 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  8,  a  fine  specimen  of  the  above, 
with  ten  bulbs  and  eight  spikes,  very  fine  variety  ;  also  a  fine 
specicenCVPRlPEDIUMSPICERANUMMAGNIFICUM, 
in  nower  ;  several  fine  varieties  of  ODONTOGLOSSM  ALEX- 
ANDR/E,  O.  INSLEAYI  SPLENDENS,  O.  GRANDE,  and 
O.  WILLIAMSIANUM,  very  rare  ONCIDIUM  ROGERSL 
ONCIDIUM  JONESIANUM,  &c. 


BorrowaBh,  near  Derby. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  beauiiiully  grown  specimen  CONI- 
FERS and  other  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  W.  Barrow  &  Son,  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  the  Elvaston  Nur.series, 
Borrowash  flhree  minutes'  walk  from  Boirowash  Station)  on 
WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY.  October  13  and  14,  at 
II  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large  quantity  of  beautifully 
grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has  been  carefully  prepared 
for  removal,  including  a  great  variety  of  choice  and  rare  speci- 
men CONIFERjE,  matchless  specimen  golden  YEWS  and 
HOLLIES,  green  and  variegated  HOLLIES,  large  orna- 
mental deciduous  trees,  for  park  or  street  planting  ;  ROSES, 
4000,  very  fine  ;  LAURELS  in  variety.  FRUIT  TREES, 
RHODODENDRONS,  73,000  transplanted  ;  Native  LARCH 
(true),  2  to  3  feet,  several  fine  duuble  white  CAMELLIAS, 
and  other  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  premises 
at  Messrs., BARROW  and  SON'S  seedshop.  16,  Market  Street, 
Nottingham,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63, 
Cheapside,  E.G.,  and  Leytonstone. 

N.B.— The  second  day's  Sale  will  commence  at  the  DRAY- 
Ct/TT  NURSERY,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Draycott  Station. 

Isleworth. 
SPECIAL  TRADE    SALE   of  thousands  of  beautiful  grown 
young  CONIFERS,  for  immediate  potting,  or  growing  on. 
By  order  of  Messrs.  Charles  Lee  &  Son. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  The  Wood 
Lane  Nursery,  Isleworth  (10  minutes'  walk  from  Osterley  Park 
Station.  District  Railway,  close  to  Isleworth  Station,  S.W.R., 
on  FRIDAY,  October  15,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  thousands  of 
unusually  well-grown  young  CONIFERS,  lotted  specially  for 
the  Trade,  comprising  Golden  Euonymus,  and  other  variegated 
shrubs,  Cupressus  Lawsoni  erecta  viridis,  Aucubas,  i  to  iJ4 
feet  ;  funiperus  chinensis.  Arbor  Vitas,  of  sorts,  Retii.os- 
poras.  Tree  IVIES,  Tree  BOX,  ARAUCARIA  IMBRI- 
CATA  and  A.  EXCELSA,  CAMELLIAS,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  or  at  Messrs.  LEE  &  SONS',  Hammersmith 
Nursery,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C  ,  and  Leyt 


Cambridge. 
THREE  DAYS'  CLEARANCE  SALE   of  the  whole  of  the 
valuable  NURSERY  STOCK,  by  order  of  Mr.  Tredgett, 
who  is  relinquishing  the  Nursery. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,   on 
the     Premises,     The     Ainger      Nurseries,      Cambridge,      on 
TUESDAY,  October  19,  and  two  following  days. 
Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

Brixton. 

TWO   DAYS'  SALE    of 
by  order  of  M« 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE   and    MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTIO!^    on 
the  Premises,  Loughborough  Nurseries,  Brixton,  on  OCTOBER 


and: 


Further  particulars  will  appeal 


Horsell  Nurseries,  WoWng. 
IMPORTANT  THREE   DAYS'   SALE   of  unusually   well- 
grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  by  order  of  Messrs.  H.  &  C. 
Cobbett. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
are  instructed  to   SELL  as  above  on  OCTOBER  26, 
27,  and  iS. 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C., every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  tosuitall 
Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next. -(Sale  No.  7234). 

250  choice  named  Indian  AZALEAS,  and  200  CAMELLIAS 
well  set  with  buds  from  Ghent.  50  GARDENIA  INTER- 
MEDIA, BORDER  PLANTS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38. 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  October  6,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tbursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7235 ) 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  7. 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  ptecisely,  a  fine  lot  of  imported  pieces  of 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRISPUM  (best  type),  good  estab- 
lished plants  of  ONCIDIUM  TIGRINUM,  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM PULCHELLUM  MAJUS,  O.  INSLEAYI  LEO- 
PARDINUM.  O.  ALEXANDR/E,  of  the  best  type,  unllowered 
plants;  O.  PHAL/ENOPSIS,  TRICHOPILIA  MARGI- 
NATA  (Reichb.  I.),  true,  and  rare:  CYPRIPEDIUM 
VEITCHI,  C.  LEEANUM  SUPERBUM.  true,  &c.,  from 
Messrs.  Shutlleworth.iCarder  &  Co.  Als:)  a  great  variety  of 
semi-established  DENDROBIUMS,  AERIDES  LEONII 
(very  rare),  CALANTHES,  and  other  ORCHIDS,  ro.ooo 
Afncan  TUBEROSES,  3  lb.  ot  LEONOTIS  LEONURUS 
SEED,  Sic. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Special  Sale  of  Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  lo  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W  C.,  on  THURSDAY,  October  14,  at  half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  and  he  will  be  glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of 
Entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will  please  send  particulars  not 
later  than  THURSDAY  NEXT. 

The  Kelso  Nurseries.— Wednesday,  October  6. 
GREAT  SALE  of  ORNAMENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS, 
FkUIT    TREES,     FOREST    TREES,    and    HEDGE 
PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  STUART  AND  MEIN  beg  to 
announce  that  they  will  oflTer,  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION, 
the  whole  of  the  Valuable  Stock  growing  in  Inch  Park 
Nursery,  8  Acres  in  extent,  the  Lease  of  which  expires  at 
Martinmas  next.  The  Stock  consists  of  splendid  Specimen 
Ornamental,  CONIFEROUS,  and  other  EVERGREEN  and 
DECIDUOUS  TREES  and  SHRUBS  for  Shrubbery  and 
Park  planting  ;  many  hundreds  of  grand  Pyramid  APPLES 
and  other  Hardy  FRUIT  TREES  in  bearing,  all  correctly 
named  ;  Large  lots  of  PRIVET,  LAURELS,  BEECH, 
THORN  QUICKS.  SPRUCE,  ELDERS,  POPLARS, 
SYCAMORfc,  Scots  FIR,  and  Austrian  PINE  ;  splendid 
AVENUE  TREES  of  large  size,  such  as  SYCAMORE. 
Mountain  ASH,  POPLARS,  14  to  18  feet  high  ;  also 
LARCH,  3  to  5  feet  ;  Horse-CHESTNUT,  10  to  14  feet 
GOOSEBERRIES  and  CURRANTS,  &c- 

Catalogues  post-free  on  application.  STUART  AND  MEIN, 
Kelso,  Scotland. 

Great  Nursery  Sstle  at  Annan 

WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  October  23  and  21. 

each  day  at  ti  o'Clock 

(owing  to  Expiring  of  Lease  of  26  Acres  of  Nursery  Ground). 

MESSRS.  JOHN  PALMER  and  SON, 
Nurserymen,  Anaan,  Dumfriesshire,  have  arranged  to 
ofTcr  for  SALE  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION,  oq  OCTOBEK  20 
and  21,  the  whole  of  the 

VALUABLE  NURSERY  STOCK 
growinE  on  the  above  ground,  comprising  millions  of  seedline 
and  transplanted  Forest  Tiees  (of  all  descriptions),  immense 
quantity  of  Thorns  in  sizes  for  hedging,  large  stock  of  Mahonia 
and  other  Plants  suitable  for  coverts  ;  thousands  of  Orna- 
mental Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Conifer=e  for  immediate  efTect ; 
large  lot  of  choice  Rh-jdodendrons,  including  magniftcent 
specimens,  from  4  to  7  feet  in  height,  beautifully  set  with  buds. 
The  whole  of  the  Stock  is  in  the  best  possible  condition  for  re- 
moval, and  will  be  SOLD  by  AUCTION,  by 

Mr.  DAVID  MITCHELL.  Horticultural  Auctioneer. 
6,  Comely  Bank,  Edinburgh. 

Note. — The  Auctioneer  begs  to  draw  the  attention  of  those 
interested  to  this  Important  Sale.  The  Messrs.  Palmer  are  the 
largest  and  most  successful  growers  of  Seedling  and  Transplanted 
Forest  Trees  in  Scotland,  their  Nurseries  are  over  120  acres  in 
extent,  are  situated  close  to  the  Solway  Firth,  consequently  the 
Plants.  Trees,  and  Shrubs,  are  of  the  hardiest  descriptions. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  from  the  Auctioneer  ;  also  Messrs, 
JOHN  PALMER  and  SON,  Nurserymen,  Annan,  Dumfries 


FOR  SALE,  a  Bargain,  a  Small  FRUIT 
NURSERY  of  Bearing  Standard  and  Ornamental 
Trees  and  Shrubs.  Valuable  Land  in  fine  situation.  For  de- 
scription, &c.,  apply  to  Mr.  J.  CARLESS.  Solicitor,  Hereford. 

To  Florists,  Nurserymen,  and  Others. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  or  LET  on  LEASE, 
FREEHOLD  LAND,  suitable  for  the  above  purooses, 
in  1  to  7-acre  plots,  at  the  low  price  of  ;£25o  per  acre.  House 
can  be  had  if  desired. 

Apply  to  Mr.  J.  EMBLETON,  Suffolk  House.  New 
Hampton. 

Vinstone  Nurseries,  near  Plymouth. 

TO  BE  LET,  from  Lady-day  next,  for  a  Term 
0(7,14,  or  21  years,  these  well-known  NURSERIES, 
for  many  years  so  successfully  carried  on  by  the  late  Mr.  Pontey, 
and  since  by  Mr.  Serpell,  situated  about  a  mile  from  Plymouth, 
over  8  Acres  in  extent,  with  a  Dwellmg-house,  Two  Gardener's 
Cottages,  large  Greenhouses,  Melon-pit,  &c. 

Apply  to  WOOLCOMBE  and  PRIDHAM,  Solicitors. 
Plymouth.  

TO  LET  (a  rare  opportunity),  between  3  and 
4acresof  MARKET  GARDEN,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Parkstone,  and  within  five  minutes'  walk  of  Parkstone  Rail- 
way Statiin,  L.  &  S.W.R  ,  and  2  miles  from  Bournemouth. 
The  Land  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  is  well  stocked  with 
Fruit  Trees  and  all  kinds  of  Vegetables  ;  there  is  a  small  green- 
house for  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  or  Vines  :  a  Poultry-hou'e  snd 
Yard,  with  other  necessary  Buildings,  calculated  in  ev-v  >i  y 
for  doing  a  large  trade.  There  is  a  Ten-roomed  House,  \m.  gcod 
repair,  which  will  be  Let  with  the  Garden. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to  L.  D.,  Weslbourne  Dairy, 
Westbourne.  Bournemouth. 

Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

^/TESSRS.   PROTHEROE   and  MORRIS' 

iVX     HORTICULTURAL      REGISTER      contains      full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

To  the  Trade.— A  quantity  of 

MRS.  SINKIN,  Double  white  PINK,  fine 
large  Plants  for  Forcing  :  also  a  quantity  of  Double 
VIOLETS,  Neapolitan,  Marie  Louise,  Fragrantissima  fl.-pl.. 
Belle  de  Chantenav.     Price  on  aoplication  to 

WILLIAM  TRUSLER,  Ma.ket  Gardener,  Feltham. 

Orcblds. 

JROBSON,  Bowdon  Nursery,  Altrincham, 
.  having  purchased  'Iwo  Private  Collections  of  Established 
ORCHIDS,  IS  prepared  to  supply  strong  flowering  Plants  at 
the  following  very  low  prices  for  cash  :  — 

12  ORCHIDS,  in  la  choice  varieties,  60J.  ;  24  ditto,  103J. 
List  ofsoits  on  aoplication. 

J.  R.  is  also  offering  the  following  Plants,  at  extraordinarily 
low  prices,  viz.  :— CARNATIONS,  in  25  best  varieties,  10J. 
per  100;  DIANTHUS.  Napoleon  III.,  2or.  per  too :  PfCO- 
TEES.  in  25  best  varieties.  25s.  per  too;  PYRETHRUMS, 
in  25  best  double  varieties,  10s.  per  100  ;  PELARGONIUMS, 
in  35  best  varieties,  40r.  per  100 ;  Manchester  Market  antl 
Drumhead  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  31.  per  1000  for  cash. 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


419 


E 


Now  IB  tbe  time  to  Plant 
VERGREEN 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen.  Worcester. 


SEEDLING        BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

15^.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(ray  selection) 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  ijoo  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  ^d.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen,  Calvados,  France. 


BULBOUS 
FLOWER  ROOTS. 

A  very  choice  Collection, 
embraciDg 

HYACINTHS,       LILIES, 

CROCUS,    TULIPS, 

&c. 

CARRIAGE     FREE. 

Priced  Catalogues  post-free. 


James  Dickson  &  Sons" 


108  EASTGATE  ST.     -i 
'NEWTON'   NUESEBIESJ 


Tbere  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  31.  each. 
All  the  finer  old  kmds  at  i^.  to  sr.  each. 

SPIR/RA  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  slock. 

CHARLES  NOnLE,  Bagshot.  

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tions. Sic  — Latania  borbonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,  and 
Phoenix  reclinata,  seedlings,  12  inches  high,  i,s.  per  doz.,  255. 
per  ico.  Latania  borbonica.  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutes- 
cens,  Euterpe  edulis,  Phajnix  reclinata,  and  Corypha  australis, 
20  inches  high.  izj.  per  dozen;  less  quantity,  is.  -id.  each. 
Packages  and  Parcels  post-free  for  cash  with  order.  A  few 
large  Feathery  PALMS  cheap,  to  clear. 

GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


THE  COTSWOLD  HARDY  ROSES.— 
These  Roses  have  been  Evhibited  and  Awarded  Prizes 
at  most  of  the  principal  Rose  Exhibitions  in  England.  The 
Subscribers  offer  strong  bushes,  well  rooted,  on 

BRIER  CUTTINGS,  at  91.  per  dozen,  701.  per  100  ; 

MANETTI,  60J.  per  ico; 

OWN  ROOTS,  JOS.  per  100. 

STANDARDSand  HALF  STANDARDS,  i2j.toi&!.  per  doz. 

CATALOGUES  now  ready. 

JNO.  JEFFRIES  and  SON,  Rose  Growers,  Cirencester. 

iTe  A^P,^   S  T  R  O  N  G,  ^S  O  U  N  D 

BULBS. 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  strong,  12J.  6d.  per  100, 

„     NARCISSUS,  extra  strong,  gj.  per  100. 
PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS,  e.xira  strong.  91.  per  ico. 
FINE  NAMED  HYACINTHS,  for  pots,  in  sorts,  5s.  per  doz. 
>,     ,.     >,     for  borders,  16s.  per  100. 
„     „     CROCUS,  in  sons,  is.  per  100,  15J.  par  100. 
CATALOGUES    dee    on    application. 
Special  Prices  for  Large  Quantities. 
FINE  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  ij.  per  pound. 

JOHN  SHAW,  Jun.,    Bulb  Importer  and  Seed   Merchant. 
10,  The  Downs,  Bowdon.  Cheshire. 


FRIDAY     NEXT. 

C(ELO&YIE    SAIDEEIAM,  Rchb.  f. 

A/TESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS   are  instructed  by 

IVl       Mr.   F.   SANDER  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,   at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  8,  a  very  fine  lot  of 

CCELOGYNE    SANDERIANA, 

One  of  tli9  finest  Novelties  introduced.     Flowers  white,   and  larger  than   cristata— as 
many  as  twenty  on  a  spike. 


On  view  morning  oj  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


FRIDAY     NEXT. 

LYCASTE     SKINNERI     ALBA. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are  instructed  by 
Mr.  F.  SANDER  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  8,  a  fine  specimen  of  the  above  with  ten  bulbs 
and  eight  spikes— very  fine  variety. 

Also,  a  fine  specimen  Cypripedlum  Spicerianum  magnificum,  in  flower ; 

Several  fine  varieties  of  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDRA,  O.  INSLEAYI  SPLENDENS, 
O.  GRANDE,  and  O.  WILLIAMSIANUM,  very  rare  ; 

ONCIDIUM     ROGERSI,     O.JONESEANUM,     &o. 

FRIDAY      NEXT. 

NEW  CCELOGYNE.      NEW  SPATHOGLOTTIS.      NEW  DENDROBIUM. 
NEW  AERIDES.        NEW  SACCOLABIUM. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  M  O  R  R  I  S  are  instructed  by 
Mr.  F.  SANDER  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  8,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  splendid  lot 
of  CCELOGYNE  SANDERIANA,  the  finest  Ccelogyne  e.xtant,  flowers  borne  in  thick  spikes, 
white,  larger  than  cnstata-as  many  as  twenty  on  a  spike;  SPATHOGLOTTIS  KIMBALLI- 
ANA,  a  magnificent  novelty,  flowers  deep  yellow,  very  large,  up  to  twenty  on  a  spike  ;  DEN- 
DROBIUM HERCOGLOSSUM,  most  beautiful  Dendrobe ;  AERIDES  GODEFROY/E, 
flower-spike  large,  and  each  mdividual  blossom  i  inch  in  diameter— of  a  lovely  deep  red  colour  ; 
SACCOLABIUM  MITRATUM,  a  most  beautiful  Saccolabium.  For  full  description  of  these 
i;?y.-"^l  see  Catalogue.  At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  a  fine  lot  of  ONCIDIUM  NUBIGE- 
NUM,  MAXILLARIA  GRANDIFLORA,  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PARDINUM,  &c. 
On  view  morning  0/ Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


I 


THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &c. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOW  BRING  SHRUBS. 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c.. 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway, 
halt  ail  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  low  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Catalogues  free, 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  their  extensive  stock  of 
Rhododendrons  and  A^^aleas  of  all  descriptions,  for  Planting  or 
Forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and  well  budded. 
The  Azalea  mollis  are  remarkably  fine  and  well  budded,  and 
they  offer  good  bushy  Plants,  full  of  buds,  at  8*.  to  gj.  per 
dozen  ;  501.  to  das.  per  100.  They  have  also  to  offer,  in  quantity, 
Hollies,  Aucubas.  Laurels,  Retinosporas,  Flowering  and  Orna- 
mental Trees  and  Shiubs.  Lilium  auratum,  &c. 

Their  stocks  of  these  are  unusually  fioe,  and  the  prices  are 
very  moderate.     Catalogues  post-free  on  application. 

Brook  Lane  Nursery,  ORMSEIRE,  LAKCASHIBE. 


NEW      DESSERT      APPLE, 
"Beauty  of  Bath." 

GEO.  COOLING* SONS 

ILivc  pleasure  in  offerins^  a  small  Stock  of  this 
Jine  early  Dessert  Apple, 

It  ripens  in  July  and  early  part  of  August,  is  quite  distinct,  of 
medium  size,  exceedmgly  handsome  in  appearance,  being  beau- 
litully  striped  with  red  towards  the  sun,  has  a  brisk,  sweet 
llivciur,  and  is  in  every  respect  far  superior  to  Juneating  or 
Iiish  Peach;  it  is  a  large  and  certain  cropper,  and  on  that 
account  will  be  most  valuable  as  a  market  variety. 

During  the  past  two  seasons  it  has  been  awarded  First  Prizes 
in  the  Dessert  Classes  at  Taunton,  Trowbridge,  Weston-super- 
Mare.  Keevil,  and  other  West  of  England  Shows,  where  Apples 
are  always  well  exhibited. 

Strong  Maiden  Trees,  3s.  6d.  each ; 
Pyramids,  5s. 

Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

As  our  Slock  la  very  Limited,  we  respectfully 

solicit  early  Orders. 


THE   NURSERIES,   BATH. 

DUTCH    BULBS, 

DIRECT  FROM   THE   GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE   FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR   GUINEA    PACKAGES 

OF  CHOICE   HARDY  FLOWER-ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardening,  much  ecUrged,  now 

Collection  '*F''  for  Spring  Gardening, 

Containing  932  Bulbs. 


36  Hyacinths,  distinct  cilo' 

50  Tulips,  smgle  early. 

50  Tulips,  double. 

24  Tulips,  single  late. 

ao  Narcissus,  Polyanthus. 

30  Narcissus,  incoraparabiUs. 


50  Persian  Ranunculus. 
24  French  Ranunculus. 
50  Snowdrcrps,  single. 
24  Spanish  Iris. 
24  Triteleia  uniflora. 
24  Gladiolus. 
4  Lilium  umbellatum. 
ij  Scilla  sibirica  praecox. 
Choice  O-xalb 


400  Crocu 

Collection  "C"  for  Indoor,  containing 

284  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 

Hyacinths,    i8  in   i8  splendid     Narcissus,  double  and  single 

4  Roman  Hyacinths, 
Tulips,  single  early- 


fine  named 
6  Du'cvanThol.redandyel- 
6     „     ,,     „     scarlet,  [low. 
Tulips,  double  early— 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white. 
6  Rex  Rubrorum,  fine  crim- 
6  Tuurnesol.  [son. 


Na 


)  fine  named 
,  Polyanthu 
named 


4  fin. 


Jonquils — 

6  double,  sweet-scented. 

12  Scilla  sibirica  (ptxcox), 
12  Choice  Ixias. 

12       'I     Oxalis. 
12  Grape  Hyacinths  {H.  bo- 
tryoides). 

6  Eranthis  byemalis. 

6  Snowdrops. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 

6  Allium  Neapolitanum. 


Half  of  either  of  the  above  for  10s.  6d. 

The  above  Packages  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Messrs. 
MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3.  Cross  Lane.  St.  Mary-at  Hill, 
London,  E.C.,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbsfor  INDOOR 
and  SPRING  GARDENING,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CATALOGUE  for  i886j  which  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.     ROOZEN    &    SON,      Nurserymen, 
OVERVEEN.  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND, 


420 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  2,  1886. 


SUTTON'S 


DUTCH  BULBS. 


SUTTON'S 
COLLECTIONS  of  TULIPS  for  EXHIBITION. 

These  Collections  consist  ot  the  most  brilliant  and  attractive  varieties. 
They  have  been  specially  selected  for  exhibition,  and  comprise  many  of 
the  leading  sorts  contained  in  the  Prize  Collections  at  the  Metropolitan 
Spring  Shows. 


SINGLE   VARIETIES. 

50  Single  Sho«r  Tulips  io  10  varieties  ..  : 


DOUBLE   VARIETIES.  ,  ^ 
BODouWeShowTulips,  in  lovarielies..  12  6 


SUTTON'S 

COLLECTIONS  of  SINGLE  TCJLIPS, 

SUITABLE    FOR   POTS    OR   BEDDING. 

These  are  selected  from  the  showiest  and  best  of  the  bedding 
varieties,  and  are  admirably  adapted  either  for  Conservatory  and  Green- 
house Decoration,  or  for  making  a  splendid  display  in  Beds  or  Borders. 


25  Single  Tulip=;,  in  5  cho' 


4  0 


"  At  the  Spring  Show  of  the  Preston  and  Fulwooa  Floral  and  Horti- 
cultural Society  I  obtained  iBt  Prizes  In  all  the  Tulip  classes]  with 
bulbs  I  had  Irom  your  firm.'-Mr.  JAS   B,  DIXON,  Preston, 


SUTTON  &  SONS, 


THE     aUEEN'S 
SEEDSaiEN, 


READINC. 


THE  Darlington 

GOLD  MEDAL  ALL-WOOL  DRESS  FABRICS 


(AS     WORN     BY     H.R.H.     THE     PRINCESS     OF     WALES) 


Are  now  Supplied  Direct  from  the  Manufactory,  at  Wholesale  Price,  there  being 

no  Intermediate  Profits  whatever. 


PLEASE     NOTE    THAT 


ANY     ARTICLE     CAN     BE     CHANGED     WITHIN     SEVEN     DAYS. 

Ladies  in  any  part  of  the  World  are  invited  to  Send  FOR  PATTERNS,  Post-free,  of  the 
new  makes  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Seasons,  which  embrace  every  variety  of  material  desired, 
and  of  which  the  Daily  News  says  : — 

^^  The  union  of  warmth  fo  Itchiness,  so  necessary  te  health,  is,  in  these  materials,  brought 
to  perfection.  .  .  .  The  fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed — English  wool,  be  it 
understood— imparts  the  admirable  quality  ofdrafiiner  in  those  soft  folds  now  so  essential  from  the 
point  of  view  of  fashion . 

SPECIAL  ATTENTION  is  directed  to  our  celebrated  CROSS-WARP  SERGES,  which,  alike,  resist 
the  effects  ol  weather  and  sea,  lOJd.  to  3s.  per  yard.  Our  GOLD  MEDAL  C.'\SHMERES,  in  all  the  New 
Colourings,  from  Is.  6d.  to  4s.  6d.  per  y.ird.  NEW  and  FASHIONABLE  COSTUME  CLOTHS  in  great 
variety,  from  6id.  to  5s.  par  yard,  including  "The  LOWSTOCK,"  "The  ASHEHURST."  "The 
DAMIETTA,"  "  The  KHAIBER,"  "  The  SHUMLA,"  "  The  TARAPACA,"  "The  PANAMA,"  "The 
HOLSTEIN,"  "  The  ZEELAND,"  &c. 

CHARMING  NOVELTIES  in  SKIRTINGS,  including  "The  YESSO,"  "The  NINGPO."  "The 
FOO-CHOO,"  &c. 


PATTERNS       POST-FREE. 


HENRY  PEASE  &  C^'s  SUCCRS-  m^=-,  DARLINGTON. 


PLEASE    NOTE    THAT    ALL    PARCELS    ARE    CARRIAGE    PAID. 


[ESTD.    1752. 


October  2,  1886,) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


421 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS. 

WHY  SEND  to  HOLLAND 
(or  BULBS,  when  better  quality  can  be  obtained 
in  England  at  less  prices?  Note  the  contents  and  compare 
Carter's  Box,  as  follows,  with  others. 

CARTERS'     BOX    of   looo   BULBS 
for  a  Guinea- 
Sent,  packing  and  carriage  free,  to  any  railway  station  in 
England  and  Wales  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Postal  Order 
for  205.,  comprises  the  following  bulbs  oi  choice  quality  :  — 


II  named  Hyacinths 

24  mixed      Hyacinths, 

25  swee^scentXjonqni's 
50  mixed  Double  Tuhps 
50  mixed  Single  Tulips 

loo  Snowdrops  (large) 
50  mixed  Single  Anemoi 
50  Persian  Ranunculus 
50  Scilla  campanulata 
50  Scilla  sibirica,  blue 

Half    the    Box, 


50  mixed  Spanish  Iris 
50  Pheasant's^eyeNai 
50  Billorus  Narciss 
50  Daffodils 
50  Blue  Crocus 
50  White  Crocus 
100  Yellow  Crocus 
25  Triteleia  uniflora 
50  Winter  Aconites 
50  SUr  of  Bethlehem 
14  Colchicums 

lis.,  carriage  free  ; 


One  Quarter,  7s  ,  carriage  free. 

For  full  particulars  of  other  Boxes,  ranging    rom 
Ss.  upwards,  sec 

Carters'  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  Bulbs, 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE. 


H,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal 

Warrants  to 

H  U.  the  Queen. 

and  HlB  Royal  Highness 

tlie  Prince  of  Wales. 


SEEDLINO    PLANTS    OF 

CHOICE  FLORISTS'  FLOWERS, 

•^  ■''''•  Per  doz.     Per  loo. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers    s.  <!.  s.  d. 

only,  beautifully  tigered  and  spotted. .     26..      — 
CARNATIONS  and   PICOTEES,   front 
stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent. 

of  fi.ne  double  blooms i     6     . .    10     6 

CINERARIAS. fromagrandstrain  . .  i  6  . .  10  6 
CANTERBURY  BELLS,  superbstrain..  i  o  ..  5  6 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM     ALBUM, 

pure  white,  fine  young  plants  . .  ..     4     6     ..30     o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed  ..  40  ..  25  o 
BROMPTON    STOCK,    giant     scarlet 

double        ..  ID.,     sfi 

PRIMULA,  Daniels' choicest  white,  fine    i    6     ..10    6 
„     Danie's"  choicest  red  ..  ..  ..     16     . .    10     6 

„     Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beau- 

tilul  varieties i     6      . .    to     6 

PANSY,    Emperor  William,   deep  ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine      ..         ..     ..10..76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice    i    o     ..     7    6 
PRIMROSES.  splendidstrainofbrUliantly 

coloured  varieties  ..  ..x6..io6 

SWEET  WILLIAM,  very  choice  ..     i    o     ,.     s    6 

WALLFLOWER,  bloodred,  fine  ..     i    o     ..     5    6 

„    Golden  Tom  Thumb 10..     56 

„     Double  Gei man,  fine  mixed  ..         ..     i     o     ..     6     6 

Carriage  Free  on  receipt  of  Post-office  Order. 

DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.-Gurbeauiiiully illustrated 

Catalogue  of  Tulips.  Hyacinths,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Sic. ,  is  now 

ready,  and  may  be  had  free  by  all  customers  on  application. 

DANIELS  BROS..  Royal  Norfolk  Seed  EstablUh- 
ment  and  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwlcb. 


CHEAP    0FFER5    IN 

CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 
100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 


,  for  J 


I.,  6jj. 


Olh 
see  CATALOGUE, 
warded  on  application. 
Choice  Varieties  of  the  following  :  — 
TREE  CARNATIONS,  6s.  ;   Yellow-flowered, 
PINKS,  Laced  Flowers,  41.  and  6j.,  strong  pi; 


mailer  quantitie!:, 
*hich  will  be  for- 


E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 


EARLY  FORCING  AND  OTHER 
FLOWERING 

BULBS 

of  finest  quality,   in  endless  variety, 
at  moderate  prices. 

Catalogues  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 

LITTLE     &     BALLANTYNE, 

THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

CARLISLE. 


WEBBS' 


FREE  BY  POST 
OR  RAIL. 


FOR    IMMEDIATE 
DESPATCH. 


BULBS, 


For  GREENHOUSE  DECORATION 

s.  d. 

Webbs'  Collection  A    contains     461  Bulbs..          . .     42  o 

Webbs'  Collection  B    contains     262  Bulbs  . .          ..     Ji  o 

Webbs'  Collection  C    contains     207  Bulbs  ..          ..     15  o 


Webbs'  Colleci 
Webbs'  CoUec: 
Webbs'  Colleci 


D  contains  134  Bulbs  . 
E  contams  96  Bulbs  . . 
F    contains      60  Bulbs  . . 


For  POTS,  GLASSES,  VASES,  &c. 


Webbs'  Collectic 
Webbs'  Collectic 
Webbs'  Collectic 
Webbs'  Collectic 
Webbs'  Collectic 
Webbs'  Collectic 


457  Bulbs.. 
2SS  Bulbs  .. 
163  Bulbs  .. 
117  Bnlbs  .. 


FOR  OUTDOOR  CULTIVATION. 

s.     d. 

Webbs'  Collection  M  contains  2873  Bulbs  ..  .  .  105     o 

Webbs'  Colleclion  N  coniains  1884  Bulbs  ..  ..  63     o 

Webbs'  Cllection  O    contains  12S0  Bulbs  ..  ..  41     o 

Webbs'  Colleclion  P    contains     68oRulbs..  ..  21     o 

Webbs'  Collection  Q   contains     424  Bulbs..  ..  15     o 

Webbs'  Collecti..n  K    coniains     315  Bulbs..  ..  to     6 

Webbs'  Colleclion  S     contains     203  Bulb;..  ..  76 

Webbs'  Collection  T    coniains     114  Bulbs..  ..  50 
5  per  cent.  Discount  fur  Cash. 

WEBBS' 
BULB  CATALOGUE, 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


SWEET-SCENTED       RHODODENDRONS 
AND     .AZALEAS. 


ISAAC      DAVIES     &     SON 

Have  this  season  to  offer  a  fine  stock  of  the  above,  well  set  with 

buds  ;  also  many  other  choice  hybrids  of  their  own  raising. 

CATALOGUES  post-free  on  application. 


BROOK  LANE  NURSERY,  ORMSKIRK,  LANCASHIRE 


©HKSstablishtb.! 


SUPERB    QUALITY. 

'She  gick  of  gjollanb. 


Prices  very  moderate, 

jfree  2>eltx»eries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(  fllustrated). 


ytliatle  allnaBg-  Address  in  full— 

F.^fl.DlGP^SON^SONS, 
XTbe  (Jiueen'8  Seedsmen, 

GHBSTBI^.    


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    2,    1886. 


THE     WEALD. 

[The  Weald  as  it  was  and  as  it  is-Messrs.  Cheal's  nursery  at 
Crawley — Its  principal  features.  Parade  beds — Rockworlc 
—Dahlias,  single  and  double.  Cactus,  and  pompon — Repre- 
hensible conduct  of  the  bees  ;  out  of  evil  cometh  good— 
Cltacun  a  son  golit — The  reason  why— Principles  of  varia- 
tion—Unravelling  the  pedigree — Alleged  constancy  of  some 
characters,  variation  of  others,  selection  and  no  selection — 
Philosophy  in  the  study  and  in  the  garden— Fruit  trees, 
cordons— The  most  of  the  best  from  the  least— More  philo- 
sophy -  The  results  of  sharp  practice,  a  full  fruit-room— 
Progress,  its  promotion  and  hindrance.] 

THE  casual  traveller  traversing  the  Weald 
of  Sussex  by  means  of  the  Brighton  line  of 
railway  at  the  rate  of  fifty  miles  an  hour,  or  the 
same  individual  overlooking  the  district  either 
southward  from  Red  Hill  or  northward  from  the 
Brighton  Downs,  would,  in  all  probability, 
arrive  at  very  erroneous  conclusions  as  to  the 
true  nature  of  the  country.  Probably  he  would 
look  on  it  as,  on  the  whole,  flat.  A  clay  soil, 
with  frequent  swamps  and  abundance  of  timber, 
principally  Oak,  would  strike  him  as  the  pre- 
dominating characteristics  of  the  district.  If  he 
passed  through  a  tunnel,  in  all  probability  he 
would,  without  paying  special  attention  to  the 
matter,  and  remembering  the  proximity  of  the 
South  Downs,  say  off-hand  that  it  was  a  chalk 
tunnel.  Like  most  general  conclusions  arrived 
at  from  partial  and  incomplete  observation, 
these  would  be  tinctured  with  a  strong  infusion 
of  error.  Clay  there  is,  swamps  there  are, 
Oaks  abound,  the  Brighton  coach  road  is 
for  miles  almost  as  flat  as  a  billiard-table, 
though  now  more  frequented  by  bicycles  than 
by  coaches.  But  until  the  traveller  makes  use 
of  his  own  natural  method  of  locomotion, 
or  avails  himself  of  that  furnished  by  a  horse, 
he  will  have  little  idea  of  the  many  ups  and 
downs,  the  steep  ascents  and  sharp  descents 
of  this  old  forest  country  of  Anderida.  Still  less 
opportunity  will  he  have  of  familiarising  himself 
with  those  warm,  dry,  and  yet  moisture-absorb- 
ing sandstone  rocks,  which  he  may  have  asso- 
ciated with  Tunbridge  Wells,  but  which  he  had 
not  connected  in  his  own  mind  with  the  Wealds 
either  of  Kent  or  Sussex.  In  truth  the  Weald, 
the  broad  tract  between  the  North  Downs  and 
the  South,  which  seems  so  uniform  in  its 
character  when  looked  at  from  a  distance,  con- 
sists of  two  very  distinct  portions,  each  marked 
by  Its  own  special  characteristics.  There  is  the 
Weald  clay,  heavy,  cold,  stubborn,  waterlogged, 
flat,  and  low-lying.  Sometimes  it  is  more  or 
less  mixed  with  sand,  and  then  forms  a  fertile 
Rose-growing,  Wheat-producing  soil.  There 
are,  again,  the  Hastings  Sands,  beds  divided 
into  numerous  subdivisions,  high-lying,  sandy 
as  the  name  implies,  rocky  and  pictural ; 
woods  and  undergrowth  abound  ;  large  parks 
are  numerous,  villages  are  small,  towns,  ex- 
cept along  the  line  of  rail,  do  not  exist ;  cot- 
tages are  few  and  far  between.  The  villages  are 
often  on  the  top  of  the  hills,  as  if  originally  to  se- 
cure immunity  from  the  ill-drained  swamps  below, 


422 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  1886. 


or  to  insure  protection  against  forests  marauders 
of  all  kinds.  A  wolf  or  a  wild  boar  would  not 
be  such  a  very  extraordinary  apparition  in  this 
locality.  There  must  have  been  plenty  of  them 
once  in  the  "  wald,"  "  weald,"  or  forest.  An  iron 
furnace  in  full  blast  would  seem  out  of  place 
now.a-days  in  this  situation,  and  yet  it  is  not  so 
very  long  ago  that  ironworks  were  in  full  opera- 
tion in  this  now  quiet,  sylvan,  and  thinly-peopled 
district.  Who  can  tell  whether  by  some  strange 
revolution  all  this  may  not  one  day  again  be 
changed,  and  iron  smehing  again  form  a  staple 
industry  of  Sussex  ?  There  is  the  wood  and 
there  is  the  iron,  and  stranger  things  than  this 
have  happened.  But  it  is  no  part  of  our  busi- 
ness to  speculate  on  what  may  be,  though  the 
temptation  to  say  something  of  what  has  been 
becomes  almost  irrepressible  when  passing 
through  such  scenery. 

Lest  we  wander  too  far,  however,  it  is  as  well  to 
say  that  our  object  io  penning  this  article  is  to  say 
something  about  a  branch  of  industry  comparatively 
recently  established  in  this  district,  but  to  such  good 
purpose  that  its  promoters  have  achieved  a  well- 
earned  reputation  ;  and,  judging  from  appearances, 
there  is  every  chance  of  its  increasing  as  time  goes  on. 
Messrs.  Cheal's  nursery  at  Crawley  is  on  the  low- 
lying  part  of  the  district.  Part  of  the  site  once 
formed  part  of  a  common.  Common  land  and  poor 
soil  often  go  together,  but  it  is  not  quite  so  in  this 
instance;  the  loamy  soil  here  seems  to  suit  fruit  trees 
and  Roses  to  perfection.  Many  Conifers  do  well  ; 
Rhododendrons  thrive  ;  deciduous  shrubs  seem  quite 
at  home.  A  long  border  faces  the  high  road, 
where  trees  and  shrubs,  graceful  Pampas-grass, 
6ery  Tiitomas,  bright  Phloxes,  and  glowing 
Fire  King  Dahlias,  are  arranged  on  parade  to 
attract  and,  it  may  be,  to  tempt  the  passer-by. 
Branching  off  at  right  angles  is  a  long  green  way, 
turfed  in  the  centre  and  bordered  on  either  side  by  a 
selection  of  choice  shrubs,  deciduous  and  evergreen, 
intermixed  with  gay  flowering  plants, — also  a  parade 
ground.  This  method  of  arranging  plants  is  the  one 
most  commonly  adopted  in  nurseries,  and  experience 
proves,  what  common  observation  suggests,  that  it  is 
the  simplest  and  readiest  way  of  bringing  under  the 
notice  of  the  visitor  the  distinctions  and  comparative 
merits  of  particular  plants.  Messrs.  Cheal,  however, 
do  not  rely  exclusively  on  this  mixed  border  system. 
Groups  arranged  for  effect  are  as  likely  to  attract  the 
visitor,  and  are  more  useful  to  the  intending  planter 
than  the  more  formal  linear  disposition. 

A  rockwork  lately  established  by  Messrs.  Cheal 
affords  io  its  way  an  illustration  of  the  grouping 
system.  It  is  at  present  on  a  small  scale,  and  has 
not  been  long  established,  but  enough  may  be  seen 
to  show  how  attractive  and  beautiful  a  feature  it  will 
become.  The  design  is  simply  a  low  undulating 
bank  with  a  small  piece  of  water  at  the  base,  and 
overlooked  by  a  steeper  bank  on  the  opposite  side 
which  projects  like  a  promontory,  and  is  capped  by  a 
rustic  summer-house.  The  conception  presents  no 
very  original  feature,  but,  as  carried  out  by  Messrs. 
Cheal,  it  adds  an  element  of  much  beauty  to  their 
establishment,  and  at  the  time  of  our  visit  it  was 
radiant  with  bloom,  and  impressed  us  with  the  care 
that  had  been  exercised  in  the  selection  of  the  plants, 
due  attention  having  been  paid  to  balance,  propor- 
tion, and  contrast  in  point  of  form  and  size — matters 
in  which  the  amateur,  if  unguided  by  the  practical 
experience  of  others,  is  very  apt  to  go  astray. 

Messrs.  Cheal  are  largely  eng.aged  in  landscape 
gardening  works  and  in  planting  operations.  Their 
nursery  accordingly  is  largely  occupied  with  the  usual 
furnishing  stuff  in  every  variety  of  ornamental  and 
useful  trees  and  shrubs,  and  it  was  a  pleasure  to  see 
symptoms  of  a  revival  of  taste  for  the  better  class  of 
flowering  shrubs  and  ornamental  trees  which  have 
been  too  much  neglected  of  late  years.  The  increas- 
ing demand  for  forest  trees,  as  well  as  for  those  of  a 
more  strictly  ornamental  character  necessitates  more 
space,  and  so  we  find  Messrs.  Cheal,  like  other  suc- 
cessful nurserymen,  covsiring  acre  after  acre  with  new 
plantations,  and  turning  the  steam  cultivator  to 
account,  thereby  securing  an  advantage  over  trench- 
ing in  efficiency,  rapidity,  and  economy.  Without 
occupying  space  with  details  thit  may  be  seen  in  any 
nursery,  more  or  less,  we  may  more  advantageously 
allude  to  some  of  Messrs.  Cheal's  specialties,  and  in 
particular  to  the  Dahlias  and  fruit  trees. 


Single  Dahlias. 

Although,  just  previous  to  our  visit,  there  had  been 
a  touch  of  frost  which  had  somewhat  injured  some  of 
the  flowers,  it  was  not  sufficient  to  interfere  with 
the  general  effect.  The  single  Dahlias  io  particular 
were  very  varied  and  very  beautiful.  Seen  from  a 
little  distance  they  resembled  a  mosaic  of  brilliant, 
harmonious  or  contrasted  colours.  Moreover,  there 
was  an  appearance  of  selectness  and  refinement  about 
them,  contrasting  rather  forcibly  with  the  ungainly 
form  of  the  "lumpy,  inelegant"  ones  in  other 
quarters  of  the  ground,  and  an  appsarance  which 
reflects  credit  on  Messrs.  Cheal's  taste  in  selection. 
Bees  tumble  about  in  a  state  of  hopeless  intoxication 
over  these  flowers,  and  so  effect  numberless  crosses. 
Out  of  evil  comes  good  !  If  the  bees  did  not  indulge 
their  natural  appetite  to  such  excess,  we  should  pro- 
bably not  have  so  many  beautiful  Dahlias  ;  but  this  is 
a  matter  o(  ethics  that  we  do  not  feel  called  on  to 
deal  with,  which  is  the  more  fortunate,  seeing  our 
inability  to  do  so.  At  any  rate,  whether  by 
accident  (so  called)  or  by  design,  Messrs.  Cheal 
raise  numerous  seedlings  which  are  here  tried.  A 
large  proportion  are  found  wanting,  and  are  rejected 
accordingly.  A  glance  over  the  reserved  collection 
of  named  and  unnamed  varieties  suffices  to  show  that 
the  qualities  Messrs.  Cheal  aim  at,  consciously  or 
unconsciously,  are  profusion  of  flowers,  evenness 
of  form,  purity  and  brilliancy  of  colour,  combined 
with  medium  size.  Some  flowers  are  flat,  others 
slightly  recurved,  the  best  with  broad  petals  and 
with  a  luminosity  of  colour  unsurpassed  unless  it  be 
by  the  Forget-me-Nots  and  Gentians  of  the  Alps, 
But  the  raiser  has  to  consult  various  tastes.  There 
are  some  who  admire  the  form  of  double  Dahlias, 
there  are  some — and  we  are  told  these  are  principally 
ladies — who  prefer  muddy  tints  to  the  rich  purity  of 
colour  which  delights  others.  This  we  suspect  is  a 
relic  of  that  asstheticism  (so  called)  which  we  should 
qualify  by  the  affix  nonsensical,  but  that  it  is  a 
caprice  that  is  rapidly  dying  out. 

Among  the  finest  varieties,  new  and  old,  at  the  end 
of  September  we  m.iy  mention  the  following,  classify- 
ing them  according  to  colour.  By  large  we  here  mean 
a  flower  3  inches  across  and  upwards  ;  by  medium,  one 
of  2 — 3  inches  ;  by  small,  one  less  than  2  inches  ; 
but  the  size,  of  course,  varies  acc:)rding  to  season 
and  other  considerations — we  merely  speak  of  things 
as  we  tind  them. 

White. 

Alba  perfects. —  Remarkably  distinct  in  foliage, 
the  segments,  or  some  of  them,  are  unusually  tapering 
at  the  base.  Flowers  large  ;  rays  spreading  oblong- 
ovate  ;  good  form, 

Mr.  Tail.  —  Medium-size  ;  white,  with  fringed 
petals. 

Yellow. 

Primrose. — Stem  hairy.  Leaves  coarsely  toothed. 
Bracts  very  long.  Flowers  large  ;  rays  oblong,  some- 
what pointed,  clear  yellow. 

Alfonso. — Stem  slender,  purple,  glabrous.  Leaves 
coarsely  toothed.  Flowers  large  ;  rays  flat,  broadly 
obovate,  fine  canary-yellow  of 

iMrs.  Hawkins— yeWoii  shaded  with  pink. 

Orange  to  Red. 

Sunset. — Stems  slender,  purple,  glabrous.  Flowers 
medium  ;  rays  yellow  deepening  into  orange-red. 

Helena. — Stems  purple.  Flowers  large  ;  rays  re- 
flexed,  rounded,  luminous  yellow  shading  off  into 
pinkish-brown  or  red. 

Beauty  of  Upland. — Leaf-segments  ovate-lanceo- 
late, coarsely  toothed.  Flowers  large ;  rays  flat  or 
reflexed,  orange-red  with  a  spot  of  yellow  at  the  tip. 

Picta  formosi<isima.  —  Orange,  with  marginal 
stripes  of  a  deeper  colour. 

Edith, — Stem  slender,  glabrous.  Leaves  coarsely 
toothed.  Flowers  large  ;  rays  flat,  oblong-obovate, 
spreading,  orange  shaded  with  crimson  :  disc  small 
in  proportion  to  the  rays. 

Mr.  Kennett. — Stem  glabrous,  stout.  Leaf  segments 
ovate-lanceolate.  Flowers  large,  of  good  form  ;  rays 
flat,  reflexed  at  the  ends,  yellow,  variously  striped 
and  marbled  with  orange  and  red  stripes. 

Formosa. — Leaf  segments  very  pointed.  Flower 
medium,  of  good  shape  ;  rays  reflexed,  rich  velvety 
brown-red. 

Benjamin  Barkway. — Stem  hairy,  purple.  Leaf 
segments  acuminate.  Flowers  medium  to  large,  of 
good  shape  ;  rays  Sat  or  cupped,  dark. 


Orange-red. 
Enchantment. — Stem  purple.  Leaf-segments  broad, 
acuminate.     Flowers  medium,   of  good   form  ;  rays 
shining  red,  yellow  at  the  base. 

Deep  Red. 

Acquisition.  —  Leaf-segments  coarsely  toothed. 
Flower  medium  to  large,  finely  shaped  ;  rays  reflexed. 
rich  deep  velvety-red. 

Ceteioayo. — Leaves  very  coarsely  toothed.  Flowers 
medium,  of  good  form  ;  rays  rounded,  reflexed,  rioh 
velvety  brown-red. 

Negress. — Leaf-segments  narrow.  Flowers  medium 
to  large ;  rays  deep  velvety  brown-red. 

Negro,  —  Very  dark  purplish-brown,  similar  to 
Negress,  but  better  in  form. 

Lilac  to  Maroon. 

Lady  of  the  Lake.  —  Leaf  -  segments  acuminate. 
Flowers  large,  bracts  very  long  ;  rays  oblong-ovate, 
white  at  the  base,  lilac  at  the  top. 

Miss  Linaker. — Stem  purple,  slender  ;  leaf  broadly 
ovate  acute  entire  (!).  Flowers  large  ;  rays  spreading, 
oblong,  deep  lilac,  yellow  at  the  base. 

Mrs.  Cotton. — Stem  slender,  leaf-segments  very 
pointed.  Flowers  medium  ;  rays  rounded,  pale  lilac, 
margins  white. 

Union  Jack. — A  federal  union  this,  in  which  each 
unit  does  as  it  seemcth  best  to  himself,  but  at  the 
same  time  is  inseparably  linked  to  its  fellows.  This 
is  a  sort  of  Harlequin  or  Proteus  flower,  which 
would  lead  a  strict  florist  to  say  "shocking,"  but 
which  is  not  only  pretty,  but  interesting.  The  plant 
has  a  glabrous  purple  stem,  with  ovate  entire  leaf- 
segments.  The  flowers  are  ol  medium  size,  and 
seem  to  produce  every  variety  of  colour,  from  white 
through  various  shades  of  lilac,  magenta,  maroon, 
reddish-brown,  purple,  and  that  very  deep  purple- 
brown  which  passes  for  black.  These  colours  are 
distributed  very  differently  in  different  flowers,  but  it 
is  interesting  to  note  that  where  there  is  a  difference 
it  is  always  the  central  part  of  the  rays,  which  is 
lightest  in  colour,  the  darkest  portions  being  at  the 
margins.  We  have  a  theory  to  account  for  this, 
but  it  involves  too  many  technical  considerations  for 
us  to  inflict  upon  the  reader  in  detail,  besides  it  is  a 
mere  speculation ;  suffice  it  to  say,  the  ray  con- 
sists of  three  petals  in  combination  ;  the  one  in 
the  middle  in  such  cases  is  apt  to  be  restricted  in  its 
growth  and  development  by  the  outsiders  which  have 
more  room  in  which  to  develope. 

Magpie  is  like  Union  Jack,  but  has  more  lilac  in 
the  flowers. 

Paragon  is  one  of  the  purple-stemmed  varieties ; 
its  beautiful  flowers  are  too  well  known  to  need 
description. 

Amos  Perry  also  has  the  stem  of  a  purple  colour, 
with  very  long-pointed  leaves,  and  very  long  bracts. 
The  flower  is  large,  of  a  rich  maroon  colour ;  the  rays 
rounded  and  overlapping. 

We  might  enumerate  many  more,  but  we  must  hold 
our  band,  and  content  ourselves  with  saying  that  the 
tubers  are  started  under  glass  in  5inch  pots,  and 
planted  out  at  the  end  of  May,  when  fear  of  frost 
ceases  to  trouble.  A  rich  soil  is  not  desirable,  as  the 
tendency  to  grow  too  rampantly  would  thereby  be  too 
much  encouraged. 

Show  and  Fancy  Dahlias. 
In  these,  in  spite  of  the  unsightliness  of  their  form, 
the  range  and  purity  of  colour  are  as  remarkable  as 
in  the  case  of  the  singles.  The  flowers  had  suffered 
more  from  the  frost  than  the  single  ones,  but  were 
still  very  showy.  Gaiety,  a  pink-tipped  form, 
measured  no  less  than  6  inches  across ;  Mrs.  Gladstone, 
a  pale  rosy-lilac  with  a  flush  of  primrose,  pale  in  the 
centre,  is  exquisite  in  colour  ;  Prince  of  Denmark,  a 
very  dark  self,  is  of  good  form  ;  the  same  may  be  said 
of  Shirley  Hibberd,  but  that  variety  is  said  to  open 
its  eye  too  soon,  and  to  keep  it  io  that  condition  too 
long.  Our  friend  is  a  keen  critic  ;  was  it  some  wag 
of  a  raiser  who  had  bis  reasons  for  so  naming  this 
Dahlia?  Mr.  Harris  is  magnificent  in  this  rich  lumi- 
nosity of  colour.  Then  there  are  the  show  Dahlias, 
and  the  Cactus  Dahlias,  and  the  pompons,  but  we 
shall  never  have  done,  and  our  notes  are  getting 
mixed.  Whether  Fair  Helen  or  Guiding  Star  be 
the  best  white  for  cutting,  our  notes  do  not  quite 
enable  us  to  decipher.  Moral  for  the  readers'  benefit 
— Go  and  see  tor  yourself,  or,  if  that  be  not  possible. 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


423 


then— but  this,  though  the  next  best  thing  to  do,  is  a 
far  inferior  plan — send  for  a  catalogue. 

Principles  of  Variation. 

Before  we  leave  the  Dahlias,  it  is  allowable  to 
allude  to  a  matter  of  great  interest  to  those  who  want 
to  know  the  reason  of  things,  and  those  that  do  not 
lose  half  the  charm  of  a  garden.  This  is  the  matter  : 
Suppose  we  wished  to  ascertain  the  origin  and  parent- 
age of  the  Dahlia— suppose,  we  say,  for  the  fact  that 
this  particular  matter  is  known  does  not  affect  the  sig- 
niticanceof  our  illustration.  Our  postulate,  therefore, 
being  granted,  we  should  not  look  to  the  testimony  of 
the  flower  in  the  first  instance,  because,  what  between 
the  bees  and  the  raisers,  the  variation  is  extreme,  and 
the  selectors  have  picked  and  chosen  what  suited  them. 
But  this  picking  and  choosing  has  not,  at  least  not  to 
anything  like  the  same  extent,  been  practised  in  the 
case  of  the  foliage.  Here,  then,  is  a  point,  say  the 
philosophers,  wherein  the  genealogist  in  working  out 
a  pedigree,  and  tracing  back  the  ancestry,  may  the 
more  safely  trust  ;  let  him  in  such  case  look  to  the 
leaves.  Alas  !  for  the  theory,  it  may  be  all  right— 
we  believe  the  principle  is  right  enough  in  the 
main — but  it  will  not  apply  in  the  case  of  the 
Dahlia,  wherein  (barring  colour)  there  is  almost  as 
much  variation  in  the  foliage  which  has  not  been 
specially  selected  as  there  is  in  the  flowers  which  have 
been  selected.  From  what  has  been  said  above 
there  is,  independently  of  height,  which  may  have 
been  influenced  by  selection,  great  variation  in  the 
colour  and  hairiness  of  the  stem,  the  form  of  the  leaf- 
segments,  the  size  and  shape  of  the  deflexed  bracts 
below  the  flower,  and  other  matters  which  are  indif- 
ferent to  the  cultivator,  or  which  at  least  have  not 
been  expressly  selected.  A  similar  thing  holds  good 
in  the  case  of  the  Potato.  Few  people  of  set  purpose 
pay  much  attention  to  the  haulm.  It  is  the  tuber  which 
is  the  general  object  of  their  choice  ;  but,  while  the 
tubers  vary  very  much,  the  haulm  and  the  foliage  are 
very  far  from  being  exempt  from  variation.  "  This 
same  philosophy  is  a  good  horse  in  the  stable  but 
an  arr.int  jade  on  a  journey,"  says  Goldsmith. 
Inference— philosophers  must  not  confine  themselves 
to  books  and  dried  specimens,  but  as  the  great  master, 
Darwin,  did,  seek  knowledge  from  the  flowers  them- 
selves in  field  or  garden,  or,  as  Sir  Thomas 
Browne  has  it,  suck  divinity  from  the  flowers  of 
Nature. 

Fruit  Trees. 
This  is  another  department  to  which  Messrs.  Cheal 
have  paid  special  attention,  and  one  as  fruitful  (no 
pun  intended)  in  interesting  speculation  and  profitable 
research  as  the  Dahlias — only  more  so  !  Our  impres- 
sion received  rather  a  shock  at  Crawley.  We  have 
read  and  had  to  write  statements  that  Apples  are 
"thin"  this  year.  Perhaps  so,  but  there  are  some 
exceptions,  that  is  obvious.  Here  Colonel  Vaughan, 
described  as  a  good  market  Apple,  which  never  fails 
to  give  a  crop,  is  weighted  down  with  an  enormous 
crop,  while  Nanny,  a  Sussex  Apple  of  medium 
size,  pretty  colour,  and  rich  Savour,  would  certainly 
groan,  if  she  could,  under  the  weight  of  the  crop.  It 
is  interesting  to  see  how  much  a  tree  can  bear,  but 
the  interest  becomes  almost  painful  to  witness  when 
one  sees  such  a  burden  as  this.  These  two  trees  were 
standards  of  considerable  size,  the  boughs,  however, 
being  anything  but  standards  just  now. 

Cordons. 
The  cordons  form,  however,  the  chief  feature  in 
this  nursery.  How  many  there  may  be  ready 
for  emigration,  how  many  in  process  of  train- 
ing the  way  they  should  go,  we  really  cannot 
tell.  How  many  budded  on  the  Crab,  how  many  on 
the  Paradise,  how  many  Pears  on  the  free  stock  or  on 
the  Quince,  how  many  Plums  on  the  Plum  stock  or 
on  the  Myrobalan — the  latter  stated  to  be  well-nigh 
blight-proof,  how  many  Morellos,  we  fear  to  say. 
There  are  some  figures  in  our  note-book,  jotted  down 
as  we  walked  along  the  quarters,  but  we  (ear  to  quote 
them  lest  we  should  be  accused  of  exaggeration.  Any 
way,  this  we  may  say,  they  are  not  only  extremely 
numerous,  but  beautiful  samples — clean,  healthy,  even, 
well  grown,  furnished  to  the  bottom  with  fruit-spurs, 
and  not  a  few,  though  mere  infants,  bowed  down  to 
the  ground  with  the  weight  of  produce.  On  a  two- 
year-old  cordon  of  Colonel  Vaughan  we  counted  two 
dozen  Apples,  and  in  some  instances  we  saw  fruits  on 
yearling  plants — some  sorts  more  so  than  others,  of 
course.  It  may  be  taken  for  granted  that  the  sorts 
grown  include  the  best  of  their  kind,   and  Messrs, 


Cheal  and  their  fruit  manager  take  special  pains  to  be 
accurate  in  their  nomenclature.  The  wonderful  facility 
possessed  by  the  managers  of  such  establishments  of 
recognising  sorts  from  their  wood  and  foliage  alone 
is  a  faculty  which  makes  botanists  envious. 

The  best  exhibition  fruit,  as  a  rule,  is  gathered 
from  the  cordons— a  fact  confirmed  by  the  birds,  which 
are  particularly  attentive  to  the  cordons  unless  pre- 
vented by  netting  or  other  devices.  The  fruits  are 
stored  in  a  neat  well-constructed  fruit-room,  to  such 
purpose  that,  as  late  as  June  15,  no  fewer  than  fifty- 
five  varieties  of  late  Apples  were  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
Cheal.  In  one  quarter  of  their  grounds  Messrs. 
Cheal  have  arranged  an  experimental  plot  consisting 
of  rows  of  stakes  supporting  horizontal  wires  at 
intervals,  the  width  from  row  to  row  being  just 
sufficient  to  allow  any  one  without  a  dress-improver 
to  pass.  On  these  wires  are  trained  Apples,  Pears, 
Cherries,  mostly  as  diagonal  cordons.  The  object  is 
to  show  how  the  maximum  of  produce  can  be  ob- 
tained in  the  minimum  of  space.  At  the  same  time 
the  space  is  so  restricted  that  protection  from  frost  by 
light  netting  thrown  over  the  top  is  easily  effected, 
while  if  growth  be  too  rampant,  this  over-tendency  to 
form  wood  can  be  restrained  by  root- pruning.  But 
cordons  are  all  over  the  place— against  walls,  cover- 
ing boarded  fences,  bedecking  archways,  edging  the 
quarters.  Some  of  these  cordons  are  budded,  others 
grafted,  the  latter  being  preferred  where  a  double 
cordon  is  wanted,  for  while  the  bud  yields  a  single 
branch  the  first  year,  two  are  obtained  from  a  graft. 
For  forming  diamond  cordons  this  plant  is  obviously 
well  suited.  In  these  cordons  the  fruit  is  borne  on 
or  close  to  the  main  stem.  Now  the  bark  of  this 
main  stem  is  the  great  storehouse  wherein  food  and 
nutritive  matter  concocted  in  or  by  the  leaves  is 
stored  up.  Of  course  it  is  stored  up  in  the  branches 
also,  but  obviously  there  must  be  more  in  the  stem, 
so  long  as  it  is  not  enfeebled  or  degenerate  from 
age,  than  in  the  branches,  and  so  the  individual  fruits 
in  these  cordons  are  proportionately  finer  and  of 
better  quality  than  those  on  standards.  This  much 
is  proved  by  experience,  and  fits  in  with  theory  very 
nicely,  but  there  is  one  point  of  practice  about  these 
cordons  not  so  easily  understood  at  first  glance. 
Messrs.  Cheal  are  emphatic  in  urging  that  in 
planting  a  cordon  the  tree  should  not  be  be- 
headed, but  that  the  leader  should  be  nailed  on  or 
tied  to  the  wire  and  allowed  to  grow  to  the  full 
extent  required.  Thus,  say  they,  the  lower  part  of 
the  stem  becomes  furnished  with  fruit  spurs,  while, 
if  the  leader  be  shortened,  the  new  growth  assumes 
the  form  of  wood-buds.  And  when  the  little  cordons 
are  well  set  with  fruit  spurs  from  the  base  upwards 
before  planting  they  may  afterwards  be  maintained 
in  a  fruiting  condition  by  appropriate  pruning.  This 
pruning  is  effected  in  July,  when  the  fore-right  and 
lateral  shoots  are  cut  back  to  within  two  or  three 
eyes  of  the  last  pruning,  and  the  process  is  repeated 
in  September.  Whatever  be  the  explanation  the 
facts  are  obvious — the  cordon  Pears  and  Apples  are 
furnished  to  the  base  with  fruit  spurs,  and  any  aspira- 
tion that  the  tree  might  n.aturally  have  to  form  a 
trunk  and  air  its  leaves  is  brought  into  subjection  by 
the  use  of  dwarfing  stocks  and  judicious  pruning  at 
the  right  season  with  root-pruning  it  necessary  as  a 
last  resource.  We  ought  to  add  that  the  selection  of 
sorts  is  a  matter  of  importance,  for  while  some  are 
complaisant  and  do  what  the  trainer  wants  them  to 
do,  some  are  recalcitrant  and  refuse  to  comply  with 
his  wishes.  After  seeing  what  is  accomplished  we 
can  only  infer  that  ignorance  is  the  obstacle  to  the 
non-accomplishment  of  the  desired  result  in  other 
cases,  and  that  ignorance  the  intelligence  and  the 
daily  accumulating  experience  of  the  growers  and 
trainers  are  daily  replacing  by  knowledge.  Nescience 
gives  place  very  rapidly  under  such  circumstances  to 
science.    Ihe  RambUr. 


Germination  of  Seeds  of  the  Vine.— M. 
Nobbe  has  ascertained  that  the  number  of  seeds 
which  germinate  is  proportionately  small,  and  that 
the  process  of  germination  occupies  weeks  and  even 
months.  The  seeds  of  the  best  varieties  germinate 
less  freely  than  those  of  commoner  kinds.  Ripe  seeds 
freshly  taken  from  the  berries  germinate  best  :  drying 
of  the  seed  diminishes  the  germinating  power. 
There  is  no  advantage  in  heiiting  the  soil  to  iS°  or 
20°  C.  (68°  F.).  A  slight  fermentation  in  the  pulp  acts 
favourably,  but  the  same  operation  if  continued  for 
six  days  destroys  the  germinating  power.  The  best 
temperature  for  germinating  Grape  seed  lies  between 
12°  and  15°  C. 


THE  L.'i^ST  OF  SPIRANTHES 
ROMANZOVIANA. 
Glad  indeed  was  I  to  see  that,  although  no 
British  botanist  has  publicly  expressed  a  word  of  regret 
regarding  the  probable  extermination  of  Spiranthes 
Romanzoviana,  a  distinguished  foreign  botanist,  in  the 
person  of  M.  Naudin,  of  the  Anlibes  Botanic  Gaidenf; 
has  not  only  done  so,  but  kindly  offered  practical  sug- 
gestions for  the  future  preserving  of  our  rarer  floral 
treasures.  No  doubt  Mr.  Naudin's  idea  for  the  pre- 
servation of  rare  plants  by  transferring  them  to  private 
gardens  or  other  safe  grounds  is  excellent,  and  has 
already  received  attention  in  this  country  j  but  an 
equally  good,  if  not  indeed  better  plan,  when  we  con- 
sider that  rare  plants  are  usually  difficult  to  cultivate, 
is  to  try  and  by  some  means  or  other  preserve  them 
in  their  native  habitats.  That  this  is  readily  enough 
done  will  be  pointed  out  further  on,  but  first  of  all, 
with  reference  to  the  editorial  remarks  on  the  note  I 
have  already  written  (September  II,  p.  340),  allow 
me  to  explain,  that  by  securing  was  not  meant  pur- 
chasing, the  piece  of  ground  on  which  the  above 
plant  grew,  but  simply  securing  or  guarding  it  against 
molestation  either  by  tillage  orimprovement,  and  which 
couldhavebeenreadilyenough  donebyasimple  request 
from  the  persons  I  quoted.  I  much  fear,  however, 
now  that  you  have  expressed  a  doubt  whether  the 
Kew  authorities  could  advantageously  interfere  in 
such  matters,  that  but  little  interest  will  be  taken  in 
the  preservation  of  our  native  flora,  for  if  they,  in 
the  Botanic  Garden  of  Britain,  and  from  which 
have  emanated  our  standard  works  on  the  British 
flora,  can  stand  aside  and  see  our  rarer  native 
plants  becoming  exterminated,  well  may  other 
less  interested  persons  imitate  them.  To  say 
that  a  simple  request  from  the  Director  at  Kew  to 
the  owner  of  a  piece  of  ground  on  which  any  rare 
plants  grow  to  prevent  this  extermination,  would  be 
unheeded  by  any  landowner  in  Great  Britain  or  Ire- 
land, I  cannot  think  likely  ;  and  certainly  a  letter  from 
that  quarter  would  have  greater  weight  than  from  any 
other  I  know  of,  and  would  neither  occasion  much 
loss  of  time  or  be  attended  with  expense  either.  That 
such  a  plan  would  work  well  I  will  now  give  an 
example  or  two.  Lately  a  request  was  sent  to  the 
agent,  Mr.  Mclntyre,  at  Gwydyr  Castle,  in  North 
Wales,  and  from  a  far  less  influential  person  in 
matters  botanical  than  the  head  of  the  Kew  Gar- 
dens, to  save  Aspleniums  germanicum  and  septen- 
trionale  from  being  totally  uprooted,  and  a  similar 
thing  has  happened  not  a  mile  from  where  I  write. 
In  the  first  instance,  Mr.  Mclntyre  caused  it  to  be 
publicly  notified  that  all  trespassers  in  the  grounds 
where  the  two  plants  grew  would  be  prosecuted,  and 
gave  orders  for  a  watcher  who  lived  hard  by  to  see 
that  the  order  was  stringently  carried  out,  else  by  this 
time  both  these  rare  Ferns  would  have  been  things  of 
the  past  in  the  Vale  of  the  Conway.  The  other  case 
I  refer  to  was  an  old  building  on  which  grew  a  few 
specimens  of  a  now  nearly  extinct  British  plant,  and 
which  were  fast  becoming  less  and  less  in  number  by  the 
too  pressing  attentions  of  botanists  and  collectors  ;  but, 
happily,  this  is  not  the  case,  for  the  agent  of  this  par- 
ticular farm  was  acquainted  with  the  fact,  the  farmer 
asked  to  preserve  it,  who  willingly  complied  with  the 
request  a  long  time  ago.  Judging  from  the  rate  at 
which  it  was  disappearing,  the  individual  specimens 
would  either  have  been  few  and  far  between,  or 
completely  carried  off. 

Now  I  would  suggest  that  Government  empower 
some  influential  person  in  matters  botanical,  and  I 
can  certainly  think  of  none  better  than  the  head  of 
our  botanic  garden  at  Kew,  to  ask,  as  a  favour  or 
otherwise,  the  landed  proprietors  on  whose  estates 
rare  plants  grow  to  look  after  such  ;  and  even  if  it  be 
found  necessary,  that  a  small  sum  be  paid  as  com- 
pensation to  the  farmer  on  whose  grounds  a  rare  plant 
grows,  to  preserve  it  from  extermination  either  by  land 
tillage  or  at  the  hands  of  collectors. 

Such  might,  perhaps,  hardly  have  been  necessary 
had  the  managers  of  our  various  botanic  gardens 
acted  in  cases  of  this  kind  as  Mr.  Naudin  has  done  in 
France.  As  something  ought  sooner  or  later  to  be  done 
to  prevent  plant  after  plant  being  lost  to  our  flora, 
suggestions  from  some  of  your  correspondents  who  can 
devise  a  better  plan  than  that  set  forth  would  certainly 
be  of  great  value. 

There  is  a  chance,  as  Mr.  Naudin  suggests,  of  the 
Spiranthes  again  appearing  in  the  cultivated  ground, 
not,  I  fear,  in  the  Potato  ground,  as  he  suggests,  for 
thaf  will  be  tilled  for  some  green  crop  next  season, 


424 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  2,  i8 


but  in  the  portion  devoted  to  corn,  as  that  will, 
according  to  the  usual  rotation  of  crops,  be  under 
grass  next  year. 

Arrangements  are,  however,  being  made  for  the 
ground  to  be  searched,  and  likewise  an  appeal  made 
to  the  owner  to  stay  further  cultivation  of  these  par- 
ticular fields,  so  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  sweet  little 
Spiranthes  Komanzoviana  will  reappear,  and  perhaps 
little  the  worse  for  the  trying  ordeal  through  which  it 
has  passed. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  inform  you  that  there  is  no 
chance  of  Mr.  Burbidge's  specimen,  from  which  your 
drawing  was  made,  either  increasing  or  multiplying, 
for  when  dormant  it  was  thrown  on  the  rubbish  heap 
by  an  assistant  gardener,  who  was  unacquainted  with 
the  contents  of  the  pot  in  which  it  grew.  There  are, 
however,  four  healthy  specimens  just  now  in  my 
garden,  perhaps  the  only  remnants  of  the  Cork  plants, 
and  for  which  I  have  to  thank  Mr.  Gumbleton,  of 
Belgrove.  Let  us  hope  that  long  may  live  and 
flourish  in  private,  in  "wild,  wild  Wales,"  the  little 
plant  that  was  "evicted,"  as  you  well  put  it,  from  its 
only  known  European  station  in  the  Emerald  Isle. 

This  Spiranthes  was  discovered  by  Mr.  J.  Drum- 
mond,  on  August  3,  1809  or  1810,  and  is  referred  to 
in  his  original  journal  as  follows  : — "  The  following 
day  I  spent  on  Bear  Island ;  I  found  nothing  new 
upon  it,  but  I  found  a  very  curious  species  of  Ophrys, 
which  I  believe  to  be  new,  upon  the  mainland  oppo- 
site the  western  redoubt,  growing  in  a  salt  marsh  near 
the  shore  ;  it  was  in  very  small  quantity,  I  only  found 
two  specimens."  No  native  plant  has,  perhaps, 
occupied  the  attention  of  botanists  so  much  as  the 
one  in  question.  Both  Lindley  and  Babington 
wrote  special  memoirs  of  it ;  Bentham  contri- 
buted a  paper  on  it  :  Smith  got  into  trouble 
over  its  nomenclature  —  indeed,  at  the  present 
time,  botanists  are  still  disputing  over  its  name; 
while  Gray,  Darwin,  and  hosts  of  other  eminent  per- 
sons, have  bad  more  or  less  to  say  regarding  its  his- 
tory. It  was  at  one  time  cultivated  in  the  Cork 
Botanic  Garden,  where  it  did  well  until  rats  put  an 
end  to  its  existence  by  eating  the  tubers.  A,  D. 
Webster^  IJandegai^  Bangor^  North   IVaUs, 


dry  as  to  give  the  tubers  quite  a  shrivelled  appearance. 
The  two  latter  facts,  coupled  with  the  proper  tempe- 
rature, will,  I  think,  plainly  indicate  to  cultivators 
the  method  of  culture  to  be  pursued  to  grow  the 
plant  successfully,  y.  H.  Hart,  Gordon  Tmun, 
Jamaica,  Aug.  31, 


jBnI\id  |[atw  and  llfaitinga. 


ORCHIDS  IN  THE  OPEN  AIR. 
A.  II.  Smee,  Esq.,  The  Grange,  Carshalton, 
whose  experiments  in  this  direction  we  fully  noted 
last  year,  has  experimented  still  more  largely  and  suc- 
cessfully this  summer.  A  general  collection  of 
Masdevallias,  about  200  Odontoglossums,  most  of 
the  Lycastes,  many  Dendrobes,  Oncidiums,  and  an 
interesting  collection  of  other  Orchids  have  grown  most 
vigorously  in  "  My  Garden  "  on  the  stages  placed 
over  the  shady  rivulets,  many  of  the  plants  flowering 
there.  Odontoglossum  madrense  and  O.  cirrosum, 
which  most  growers  affirm  want  warmer  treatment 
than  O.  crispum,  have  strangely  enough  done  the  best 
of  all  in  the  open  air  in  summer,  the  former  being 
sturdier  and  greener  than  it  comes  indoors,  and 
furnished  with  a  stout  spike  of  flowers,  O.  cir- 
rosum also  exhibits  vigour  of  root  bulb  and  leaf  not 
to  be  surpassed. 

Blktia  verecdnda,  R.  Br. 
Adverting  to  the  note  on  this  plant  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  of  July  31,  I  may  mention  that  this 
plant  is  generally  distributed  throughout  the  island 
of  Jamaica,  and  I  here  offer  a  few  notes  which  may  be 
of  assistance  to  British  cultivators.  The  plants  flower 
in  profusion  during  the  months  of  May,  June,  and 
July,  and  though  sometimes  found  growing  at  lower 
altitudes,  finds  its  most  congenial  home  at  elevations 
of  3000  —  4000  feet  above  sea-level,  elevations 
represented  by  a  mean  annual  temperature  of  about 
65° — 70°  Fahr,  The  leaves  are  deciduous,  and  the 
flowers  are  produced  on  spikes  borne  on  a  peduncle 
some  24  or  30  inches  in  length,  arising  from  the  side 
of  the  naked  tuber.  It  is  found  in  best  condition  on 
sunny  banks,  where  the  rock  is  covered  with  only  a 
slight  layer  of  earth,  and  in  positions  where,  in  the 
season  of  growth,  it  receives  an  abundance  of  water, 
which  can  never  become  stagnant,  on  account  of  the 
sloping  character  of  the  ground.  At  times  these 
places  are  well  scorched  by  the  sun,  and  become  so 


GUNNERA     SCABRA. 

Our  illustration  (fig.  85)  gives  a  good  idea  of  the 
extraordinary  vigour  of  this  plant  as  seen  growing 
this  year  in  Sir  Charles  Nicholson's  gardens  at  The 
Grange,  Totteridge.  The  plants— for  there  are 
several  of  them — grow  on  the  edge  of  a  small  pond 
at  the  bottom  of  a  slope  and  alongside  of  a  path  ;  and 
the  roots,  although  in  a  moist  position,  do  not  come 
into  contact  with  the  water.  The  leaves  grew  this 
season  to  about  7  feet  in  diameter ;  the  first,  which 
were  destroyed  by  frost,  had  they  remained  uninjured 
would  probably  exceeded  this  measurement.  The 
flower-stalks,  of  a  greenish-brown  colour,  studded 
eventually  with  small  orange  berries,  were  about  3  feet 
in  length,  and  are  found  lying  prostrate  on  the  ground. 
Toe  plant  is  not  quite  hardy,  as  was  proved  by  the 
loss  of  two  unprotected  roots  by  frost  last  winter. 

The  best  protection  for  the  root-stock,  which  re- 
sembles that  of  the  Rhubarb,  is  a  thick  covering  of 
fresh  tree  leaves  kept  in  position  by  sods.  The  Gun- 
neras  can  be  increased  by  seeds  or  divisions,  and  pro- 
vided the  soil  is  rich  and  moist,  they  are  of  the  easiest 
culture. 

Associated  with  the  Gunneras  were  specimens  of 
Heracleum  giganteum,  also  with  leaves  of  enormous 
dimensions,  and  flower-stems  that  reached  heights 
from  12  to  15  feet ;  the  whole  group  being  exceedingly 
tropical  in  its  exuberant  appearance. 

It  may  be, said,  as  a  warning  to  those  inclined  to 
grow  the  last-named,  that  it  is;a  free-seeder,  and  can 
become  a  most  determined  intruder'in  dressed  grounds. 


DWARF  TREE   CARNATIONS. 

These  most  valuable  of  winter-blooming  plants 
form  an  interesting  and  instructive  feature  at  the 
Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.'s  nursery  at  Twickenham. 
The  kinds  grown  are  chiefly  of  French  origin,  and 
seem  to  possess  a  dwarf  compact  habit,  so  very  diverse 
in  character  from  what  are  usually  seen  in  our  ordinary 
Tree  Carnations.  At  Twickenham  the  plants  are 
grown  in  the  open  ground  in  beds  all  the  summer, 
and  when  I  looked  in  at  the  nursery  a  day  or  two 
since  the  potting  up  of  the  layers  from  the  beds  for 
furnishing  saleable  stock  during  the  winter  was  just 
completed,  and  the  lifting  and  potting  of  the  blooming 
plants  had  begun.  The  soil  there  is  naturally  light 
and  sandy,  and  to  encourage  close  home  or  ball- 
rooting,  when  the  young  plants — which,  by-the-bye, 
consist  of  the  smaller  potted  layers  left  over  from  the 
winter — are  turned  out  in  the  spring,  it  is  the  rule  to 
drop  a  handful  of  turfy  loam  into  the  holes  made  to 
receive  the  plants,  and  into  this  rooting  takes  place 
more  readily  than  into  the  looser  natural  soil.  As 
evidence  of  this  peculiar  result,  as  also  of  the  light 
porous  nature  of  the  soil,  the  manager,  Mr.  Bruckhaus, 
using  his  hand  as  a  trowel,  lifted  out  a  fine  plant  and 
showed  the  cluster  of  roots  which  had  formed  about 
the  handful  of  loam.  AH  these  plants — many  hundreds 
of  thera,  in  fact,  stocky,  robust,  carrying  three  and  four 
stems  and  many  buds,  but  all  as  dwarf,  comparatively, 
as  those  in  bloom,  did  not  exceed  14  inches  high — were 
being  got  into  48-sized  pots,  and  then  into  a  cold 
frame,  where,  shut  close  down  and  slightly  shaded  dur- 
ing sunny  days,  they  soon  become  established  and 
bloom  finelyall  through  the  winter.  Tree  Carnations 
in  this  admirable  state  of  development  cannot  well  be 
said  to  need  forcing,  they  simply  want  a  moderate 
growing  temperature  with  ample  light  and  air  to  keep 
them  in  good  bloom.  Amongst  the  kinds  grown 
were  some  few  striking  ones,  which  being  on  trial 
may  not  be  mentioned  now,  but  another  year,  when 
fully  proved,  very  likely  they  will  merit  approval.  It 
is  worthy  of  remark  that  these  French  kinds  show 
numerous  lemon  or  yellow  grounds,  and  much  of  that 
flushed  or  suffused  coloration  of  petals  which  is 
now  not  so  inaptly  known  as  terra  cotta  hues. 
These  seem  even  more  beautiful  in  the  winter 
than  now  or  in  the  summer,  the  colours  being  more 
pleasingly  displayed.  All  the  same  for  general 
purposes,  rich  defined  self  colours  seem  the  most 
valuable  and  useful.  Of  these,  very  beautiful  even 
with    the    early    blooms    outdoors    are    Mademois- 


elle Carle,  pure  white,  capital  habit,  and  free,  pro- 
bably the  best  white  kind  yet  seen  ;  Irma,  beautiful 
clear  rose,  dwarf  and  free;  Souvenir  de  la  Bruyere, 
rich  carmine,  and  robust  in  habit  ;  Raspail,  fine  deep 
scarlet ;  Dr.  Raymond  and  Pilatal.  both  very  deep 
crimsons,  the  former  presenting  a  compact  and  free 
form  of  the  old  crimson  Clove.  Of  parti-coloured 
flowers  singularly  pretty  are  Belle  Lyonaise,  lemon 
ground,  and  having  deep  rose  flakes  ;  Jean  Sisley, 
dwarf  and  free,  flowers  creamy-white  heavily  flaked 
with  reddish-scarlet  ;  Claude  A.  Comte,  lemon 
ground  heavily  flushed  with  magenta-red  ;  Zouave, 
very  robust  habit,  flowers  white  striped  or  flaked 
with  scarlet ;  Madame  Masicault,  one  of  the  terra 
cotta  style,  flowers  p.\le  yellow  ground  flushed  with 
rose  ;  and  Brisson,  very  dwarf  habit,  and  exceedingly 
free  bloomers  —  flowers  white  flaked  with  rosy- 
scarlet.  These  comprise  a  selection  of  the  more 
robust  forms  as  seen  in  the  open  ground,  but  there 
are  many  others  better  known  perhaps,  and  therefore 
less  necessary  to  be  mentioned  here.  It  is  possible  that 
some  which  present  more  delicate  habits  in  the  open 
may,  however,  be  good  bloomers  in  warmth  during 
the  winter.  There  is  one  difficulty  connected  with 
Tree  Carnations  that  does  not  occur  with  all  othet 
flowers.  Their  special  value  is  found  in  their  fitness 
for  cutting  to  employ  for  buttonhole  or  bouquet  pur- 
poses ;  hence,  as  the  flowers  are  removed  almost  as 
soon  as  they  are  fully  expanded,  a  show  of  flowers 
can  only  be  found  where  some  are  specially  preserved. 
It  is  not  their  capacity  to  produce  showy  heads  of 
bloom,  but  rather  their  power  to  produce  a  long 
succession  of  flowers,  which  renders  tree  or  winter 
blooming  Carnations  so  valuable.  Referring  to  those 
kinds  found  at  Messrs.  Hooper  cSt  Co.'s  nursery  the 
term  Tree  Carnations  perhaps  unfairly  applies,  because 
of  their  dwarf  compact  habit.  No  doubt  the  appel- 
lation, winter  bloomer,  is  the  more  consistent  term  to 
apply  and  the  more  truly  descriptive  of  their  merits. 
A.  D. 


TOBACCO. 

The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  a  pamphlet 
written  by  Sir  William  Robinson,  K.C.M.G.,  the 
Governor  of  Trinidad.  We  omit  those  portions 
which  are  of  purely  local  interest  merely  expressing 
our  hope  that  the  West  India  planters  will  avail  them- 
selves of  Sir  William's  suggestions,  and  of  the  many 
hints  which  have  been  given  them  by  Mr.  Morris, 
now  Assistant  Director  at  Kew,  for  the  development 
of  their  resources.  To  Mr.  Morris  the  Governor 
dedicates  his  pamphlet  in  the  following  strain  : — 

"  In  this  short  pamphlet  I  have  endeavoured  to 
popularise  a  '  Minor  Industry  '  in  which  I  have  ever 
felt  an  unusual  interest. 

"  I  dedicate  it  to  one  who  has  done  more  than  any 
other  living  man  to  foster  the  so-called  '  Minor  In- 
dustries'in  Jamaica,  and  to  direct  the  attention  of 
residents  in  other  West  Indian  islands  to  the  absolute 
necessity  of  extending  and  developing  agricultural  en- 
terprise." 

The  history  of  Tobacco  in  England  is  both  interest- 
ing and  somewhat  amusing.  As  every  one  knows, 
or  ought  to  know,  we  are  indebted  to  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  for  this  popular  product.  In  1585  he  intro- 
duced it  into  England,  and  having  an  eye  to  business 
he  persuaded  **  Good  Queen  Bess  "  to  give  him  a 
patent  for  the  possession  of  Virginia,  from  which 
excellent  supplies  have  been,  and  are  still,  procured. 
The  first  Tobacco  plant  grown  in  Great  Britain  was 
imported  from  Virginia.  Raleigh,  not  satisfied  with 
his  property  in  America,  obtained  from  the  Virgin 
Queen,  in  addition  thereto,  12,000  acres  of  forfeited 
land  in  Cork  and  Waterford,  on  a  portion  of  which 
the  Tobacco  plant  was  afterwards  regularly  cultivated. 

Raleigh  was  a  courtier — a  gentleman  of  position  and 
great  influence — and  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  habit 
of  smoking  which  he  adopted  became  very  fashionable. 
We  accordingly  read  in  one  of  his  biographies  that 
the  "ladies  and  great  and  noble  men"  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Court  "  would  not  scruple  to  blow  a 
pipe  sometimes  very  sociably."  At  Sir  Walter's  house 
in  Islington  he  frequently  entertained  his  guests 
with  a  "  mug  of  ale  with  grated  Nutmeg  and  a  pipe," 
and  I  have  no  doubt  that  when  in  less  prosperous 
times  he  was  confined  in  the  Tower  of  London,  he 
had  recourse  to  the  grateful  weed,  though  he  may 
have  been  robbed  of  his  beer.  Elizabeth's  successor, 
James  I.,  "was  a  Goth,"  or,  what  to  us  smokers  is 
the  same  thing,  an  anti-tobacconist.     He   was   dis- 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


425 


gusted  with  the  "precious  stinke  "  of  the  pipe  and 
cigar,  and  did  his  "  level  best "  to  put  down  the 
habit  of  smoking  amongst  bis  long-suffering  subjects. 

la  1604  {let  this  be  a  warning  to  colonial  governors), 
in  a  most  unconstitutional  manner,  without  the  consent 
of  Parliament,  he  issued  a  warrant  raising  the  tax  on 
Tobacco  from  zd.  to  ds.  lod.  for  every  pound  value. 

But  if  the  momory  of  James  I.  is  anathematised  by 
all  smokers,  his  action  was  absolutely  mild  when 
compared  with  that  of  Pope  Urban  VIII,,  and 
that  of  the  King  of  Persia  and  Czar  of  Muscovy. 
The  Pope  threatened  excommunication  to  all  using 
Tobacco  in  churches — certainly  an  unseemly  and 
intolerable  practice,  but  the  King  and  Czar  forbaJe 
its  use  under  pain  of  death,  with  the  pleasant  alter- 


Camden,  in  his  Annals,  asserts  that  in  the  reign  of 
the  6rst  Charles  Tobacco  was  highly  prized,  "both 
as  a  recreation  and  a  health  restorative." 

We  smokers  are  much  indebted  to  Lord  Baltimore 
lor  the  fillip  he  gave  to  Tobacco  cultivation.  In 
1633  he  emigrated  to  Maryland  with  200  persons, 
who  were  specially  encouraged  to  cultivate  the 
industry  which  has  been  maintained  there  ever  since. 
Great  quantities  were  grown  in  England  in  the  middle 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  but  of  course  the  psalm- 
singing  Rump  Parliament  prohibited  its  growth. 
The  smokers,  however,  were  too  strong  for  Crom- 
well, and  also  for  Charles  II.,  who,  vicious  as  he 
was,  might  have  permitted  his  loyal  subjects  to  indulge 
in  the  little  vice  of  smoking,  if  it  is  one. 


efforts  are  being  made  to  restore  its  cultivation  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  Truly  it  may  be  said,  in  reference 
to  the  "  noxious  weed  " — Tempora  mutanlur  et  nos 
mutamur  in  illis. 

Curiously  enough,  in  the  reign  of  George  III.  the 
practice  of  smoking  was  well  nigh  superseded  by  the 
practice  of  snuff  taking. 

With  reference  to  snuff,  at  that  period,  Wesley,  in 
his  Poems  on  Several  Occasions,  observes  : — 

"  To  such  a  height  with  these  is  fashion  grown 
They  feed  their  very  nostrils  with  a  spoon." 

Latterly  smoking  has,  in  my  opinion,  been  happily 
revived.  It  has  found  a  steady  supporter  in  the  future 
King  of  England,     Except  with  the  object  of  securing 


Fig.    85. — A   BOLD  FOLIAGE-PLANT  :   GDNNERA  SCABRA  AT  TOTTERIDGE.      (SEE    P.   424  ) 


native  of  having  the  nose  cut  off  for  enjoying  it  in  the 
form  of  snuff. 

But  these  potentates  could  not  stem  the  tide. 
James  soon  found  this  out,  and,  with  an  eye  to  the 
main  chance,  cannily  changed  his  tactics.  He  saw 
there  was  "a  tide  in  the  affairs  of  man,  which,  taken 
at  the  flood,  leads  on  to  fortune,"  so  he  took  to 
himself  the  pre-emption  of  all  Tobacco  imported. 
He  also  decreed,  with  a  view  of  putting  money  in  his 
purse,  that  only  these  holding  his  letters  patent  should 
be  allowed  to  import. 

It  is  perhaps  not  generally  known  that  Charles  the 
Martyr  began  bis  reign  in  1625,  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  a  Tobacco  merchant  and  monopolist. 
The  fact  remains,  however,  that  all  Tobacco  not 
grown  in  Virginia  and  Bermuda  was  seized  for  his 
benefit,  and  that  50,000  lb,  of  Spanish  Tobacco  were 
bought  by  himself  and  resold  to  his  subjects. 


In  1660,  by  12  Carl.  II.,  chap.  34,  Charles, 
simply  to  increase  his  own  pocket  money  and  to 
furnish  means  for  his  expensive  habits,  issued  a 
legal  prohibition  against  the  cultivation  of  Tobacco. 
Smokers  were  not  to  be  daunted,  however.  He 
could  not  put  their  pipes  out,  for  the  Yorkshire 
men  pursued  the  industry  with  characteristic  stub- 
bornness, and,  notwithstanding  persecution  and 
prosecution,  Tobacco  and  smokers  gallantly  held  their 
own. 

In  17S2  a  descent  was  made  on  the  York  cul- 
tivators. All  their  stock  of  Tobacco  was  seized  and 
publicly  burnt,  and  the  dealers  were  mulcted  in 
penalties  to  the  amount  of  ^30,000.  Even  as  late  as 
1831  were  Tobacco  cultivators  harassed.  William  IV., 
of  whom  better  things  might  have  been  expected,  in 
that  year  prohibited  its  growth  in  Ireland.  I  think  I 
am  right  in  saying  that  at  the  present  moment  great 


a  good  sneeze   after  dinner   the  somewhat   unclean 
habit  of  snufEng  is  a  thing  of  the  past. 

Cultivation. 
For  general  information  and  guidance  I  would  state 
from  my  own  experience  the  following  facts : — 

1.  Any  ground  intended  for  the  growth  of  Tobacco 
should  be  cleared  of  bush  by  the  end  of  July  at  latest. 
The  bush  should  be  cut  as  low  as  possible,  and  the 
stumps  extracted  if  practicable. 

2.  Seed  should  be  sown  in  the  middle  of  the  month 
of  August  and  not  all  the  year  round  as  is  probably 
now  the  case. 

3.  Every  plant  before  being  transplanted  must  have 
six  leaves  on  it,  and  those  leaves  should  be  as  large  as 
a  half-dollar  piece  before  it  is  removed  from  the  nur- 
sery. 


426 


THH     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  18 


4.  When  Uunsplanted,  a  distance  o(  iS  inches 
should  be  allowed  between  each  plant. 

5.  Tobacco  plants  are  sometimes  attacked  by 
insects  in  November.  This,  however,  depends 
upon  the  slate  of  the  weather.  The  plants  should 
be  carefully  watched,  and  the  insects,  if  any, 
picked  ofiT. 

6,  As  soon  as  suckers  present  themselves  they 
should  be  ripped  off;  they  will  be  found  between 
the  stem  and  the  leaves.  liy  this  operation  the 
vigour  of  the  plant,  which  should  not  be  allowed 
to  flower,  is  increased,  and  the  condition  of  the  leaf 
improved. 

7,  Tobacco  flourishes  best  on  level  ground,  and 
red  or  reddish  soil  is  preferable  to  any  other.  If  the 
spot  where  it  is  cultivated  is  at  all  hilly,  the  northern 
portion  of  the  ground  will  be  best,  as  in  that  position 
the  plants  will  suffer  less  than  in  any  other  from  the 
rays  of  the  sun. 

S.  Vegetable  manure  will  be  found  an  admirable 
fertiliser,  and  it  will  be  necessary  to  dress  the  ground 
every  two  years,  as  the  plant  exhausts  the  soil  very 
rapidly. 

9.  Care  should  be  taken,  in  sowing  the  seed  for 
transplanting,  not  to  sow  too  thickly. 

Curing. 

10.  The  curing  of  Tobacco — and  everything  depends 
upon  the  curing — is  a  very  delicate  operation,  aid  one 
requiring  great  care  and  attention.  The  most  common 
practice,  when  the  leaves  are  fit  for  gathering,  is  to 
cut  the  stems  of  the  plants  close  to  the  ground  and 
lay  them  on  beds  to  dry  until  the  evening.  They 
should  then  be  carried  to  a  drying  house,  which 
should  be  thoroughly  ventilated,  hid  in  heaps  t) 
"sweat,"  covered  with  mats  to  keep  in  the  heat,  and 
left  for  several  nights  to  soften  and  bleach.  The 
leaves — and  no  more  than  twelve  should  be  allowed 
to  grow  on  each  stem— should  when  supplebe  stripped 
from  their  stems,  strung  together  on  packthread  and 
then  hung  across  the  drying  house  :  sufficient  room 
for  the  air  to  circulate  among  them  must  be  allowed. 
When  dry  the  leaves  should,  in  damp  weather,  be 
placed  on  hurdles  in  heaps  and  left  for  a  week  or 
two.  Daring  this  time  the  leaves  should  be  fre- 
quently examined  and  turned  with  a  view  of  prevent- 
ing undue  fermentation.  When  fermentation  is 
complete  the  leaves  should  be  sorted  according  to 
their  different  qu<alities,  redried,  tied  in  bundles  and 
pressed. 

11.  It  is  necessary  in  the  case  of  those  intended 
for  export  that  the  bundles  should  be  compressed 
into  a  solid  mass  and  the  air  excluded  from  them. 

17..  In  Jamaica,  Cuban,  Chinese  and  native  labour 
is  employed  in  the  cultivation  of  the  plant,  but  Cuban 
and  Chinese  labour  alone  is  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  the  leaf  into  cigars. 

13.  The  cultivation  of  two  acres  of  Tobacco  should 
cost  about  £30  and  the  average  produce  should  be 
worth  ;{^8o,  leaving  a  nett  profit  of /50. 

The  Director  of  Kew  Gardens  informed  me  four 
years  ago  that  with  '*  proper  methods  of  cultivation 
and  preparation  Tobacco  might  become  a  very 
important  article  of  export  from  the  British  West 
Indies." 

If  any  one  should  doubt  the  correctness  of  my  rules 
let  me  say,  though  it  may  appear  egotistical,  that  Sir 
Joseph  Hooker  observed  that  "  Governor  Robinson's 
excellent  despatch "  (from  which  they  are  taken) 
*'  really  leaves  little  room  for  further  remark.  It  is 
of  course  desirable  to  obtain  seed  of  good  quality, 
thou;jh  this  is  of  less  moment  than  careful  attention 
to  cultivation  and  preparation.  Governor  Robinson's 
statement  that  the  finest  Tobacco  in  the  world  may 
be  spoiled  by  improper  or  inefficient  curing  cannot 
be  too  much  emphasised."  Looking  to  the  fact  that 
Spanish  colonists  in  two  distinct  parts  of  the  world, 
east  and  west,  grow  Tobacco  with  pre-eminent 
success,  it  certainly  is  difficult  to  understand  why 
mord  should  not  have  been  done  with  it  by  British 
enterprise. 


loilistss'    llottf^ra. 


Vine  Manures. — A;  a  result  of  observations 
made  in  Germany,  it  appears  that  superphosphate  of 
lime  increases  the  yield,  hastens  the  ripening  of  the 
Grapes,  and  facilitates  the  ripening  of  the  wood. 
Nitrogenous  manures  are  useful  when  the  Vine 
lacks  vigour,  otherwise  they  do  harm  by  stimulating 
growth  rather  than  fructification  and  maturity.  Potash 
by  itself  is  of  no  value,  but  when  conjoined  with 
phosphates  and  nitrogenous  manure  it  is  very  service- 
able, 


PERPETUAL   FLOWERl.NG   CARNATIO.V.S. 

The  plants  produced  from  spring-struck  cuttings 
are  now  of  considerable  size.  They  are  aUo  showing 
their  flower-buds,  and  as  soon  as  cold,  wet  weather 
sets  in,  they  ought  to  be  removed  to  the  drier,  warmer 
atmosphere  of  the  greenhouse  or  intermediate-house. 
During  the  recent  hot  weather  greenfly  may  have 
attacked  them  ;  if  so,  they  will  be  found  clustering 
round  the  flower-buds;  fumigating  with  tobacco-sm  jke 
will  destroy  them,  and  not  injure  any  buds  or  open 
flowers.  Some  flowers,  such  as  Pelargoniums,  are 
much  injured  by  smoke,  but  the  most  delicate  glis- 
tening white  Picotee  is  none  the  worse  for  repeated 
fumigations. 

The  Pink. 

By  this  time  the  young  plants  raised  from  cuttings 
{piping  is  the  professional  term)  in  July  are  now  ready 
for  planting  out.  This  ought  to  be  done  this  month 
before  the  soil  is  saturated  with  the  autumn  rains. 
The  bed  should  be  prepared  by  deep  trenching  and 
manurin  ;  it  ou^ht  to  be  iS  inches  deep,  but  this 
depth  must  not  be  gained  by  throwing  up  bad  sub- 
soil to  the  top,  and  burying  the  best  soil  in  the  bottom. 
I  write  on  the  assumption  that  the  ground  has  been 
trenched  and  trenched  again  until  the  surface  soil  and 
subsoil  have  been  incorporated.  It  is  very  desirable  to 
place  2  or  3  inches  of  prepared  compost  on  the  surface 
of  the  bed  before  planting. 

Forcing  Pinks  should  be  large  tufts  by  this  time, 
large  enough  to  be  lifted  and  planted  in  6-inch  pots  ; 
fur  this  purpose  the  compost  used  to  repot  the  Carna- 
tions will  answer  admirably.  The  plants  must  be 
carefully  lifted,  with  as  many  as  possible  of  the  roots 
attached,  and  any  worms  that  may  be  lodged  amongst 
them  should  be  removed.  Treat  the  plants  the  same 
as  advised  fjr  Carnation  layers  until  they  are  well 
established,  when  the  lights  may  be  drawn  off  night 
and  day  in  fine  weather. 

Pansies. 

Now  is  the  best  lime  to  plant  out  for  spring  bloom- 
ing, and  it  is  well  to  remember  that  the  Pansy  loves 
a  rich  soil  and  the  careful  hand  of  the  girdener. 
Plenty  of  cow-manure  and  leaf-mould  is  what  the 
Pansy  delights  in.  The  plants  are  also  so  very  brittle 
— the  least  awkward  touch,  and  they  snap  over  at  the 
neck.  They  are  never  safe  until  they  are  pegged 
down  ;  this  induces  young  growths  from  the  base  of 
the  plants  as  well  as  from  the  point  which  will  turn 
upwards  at  the  peg.  No  more  need  be  said  about 
them,  except  to  urge  watchfulness,  as  the  leather- 
coated  grubs,  slugs,  and  wireworrasarealli"(J««(?/i;t7r/-.j 
of  the  Pansy. 

The  Ranunculus. 

This  is  considered  to  be  the  best  month  in  which 
to  sow  seeds.  Sow  in  boxes  of  any  convenient  size, 
and  6  inches  deep.  The  seeds  should  be  sown  thinly, 
and  be  covered  to  the  depth  of  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch. 
The  boxes  should  be  well  drained,  and  over  the  drain- 
age a  layer  of  fibrous  turf  should  be  placed.  Loam  two 
parts,  leaf-mould  one  part,  and  one  part  of  sandy  peat 
is  good  material  to  fill  the  boxes  with.  The  surface 
should  be  made  quite  levtl,  and  the  seeds  covered 
with  finely-sifted  sandy  mould.  Place  the  boxes  in 
frames  ;  keep  the  soil  moderately  moist,  and  admit 
air  Ireely.  The  beds  ought  to  be  prepared  now,  for 
planting  out  the  tubers  in  B'ebruaty.  I  mean,  of 
course,  the  tubers  that  may  be  purchased  now,  or 
that  were  dug  up  in  August.  We  left  ours  in  the 
ground  longer  this  year,  and  only  a  very  few  had 
started  to  grow.  One  or  two  seasons  I  had  them  dug 
up  rather  too  early,  and  they  failed  next  season. 
This  lovely  flower  is  not  grown  so  much  as  it 
ought  to  be.  The  roots  are  far  too  cheap 
to  yield  a  profit  to  the  grower.  The  finest 
tubers,  and  best  varieties  can  be  purchased  at  2s.  6  /. 
to  5-t.  per  100— the  best  Scotch  spotted  varieties  to 
name  at  that  price.  Fifty  years  ago  that  price  had  to 
be  given  (or  single  tubers,  new  varieties  a  guinea 
each  :  five  hundred  or  a  thousand  tubers  may  be 
purchased  now  for  that  sum.  I  advise  those  who 
have  never  grown  Ranunculuses  to  send  for  some  when 
ordering  the  bulbs.  Twenty  shillings-worth  will 
make  a  good  bed,  and  the  tubets  will  increase  three 
or  tour  fold  for  next  season, 


The  TuLir. 

The  growers  of  these  stately  flowers  are  certainly 
increasing  in  numbers.  We  are  not  likely  to  have  a 
Tulip  mania  again,  nor  is  it  desirable  ;  but  a  place  in 
every  garden  should  be  found  for  the  good  oll- 
fashioned  Tulips  of  the  florists.  They  can  be  ob- 
tained from  the  northern  florists,  or  of  an  inferior 
strain,  but  good  enough  for  ordinary  purposes,  from 
any  dealer  in  Dutch  bulbs  ;  they  are  as  cheap  as 
Ranunculuses.  The  Tulip  bed  ou^ht  now  to  be  pre- 
pared. If  the  prepiration  is  delayed  later,  the 
ground  is  generally  too  wet  for  them  to  do  well. 
Have  some  good  comp:)st  prepared  to  place  on  the 
surface  before  planting.  Pure  turfy  bam  is  as  good 
as  anything. 

The  Calceolaria. 

It  is  now  a  good  time  to  repot  all  seedlings  and 
propagated  plants  into  those  in  which  they  are  to 
pass  the  winter.  They  must  not  be  over-potted,  and 
some  idea  as  to  the  size  of  the  pots  in  which  they  are 
to  flower  must  be  present  to  the  mind  of  the  culti- 
vator. A  plant  intended  to  flower  in  a  7-inch  pot 
should  now  be  repotted  into  one  of  5  inches ;  and 
larger  specimens  that  would  fill  anS^-inch  pot  should 
be  placed  in  one  6  inches  in  diameter.  It  the  plants 
are  free  from  insects,  that  is  no  reason  why  they 
should  not  be  fumigated  with  tobacco-smoke  once 
every  five  or  six  weeks.  Healthy,  well  developed 
leaves  cannot  be  produced  if  greenfly  gets  a  footing. 
The  plants  ought  now  to  be  placed  near  the  glass  in 
a  house  from  which  frost  can  be  excluded,  but  the 
heating  apparatus  must  not  be  used  unless  it 
becomes  necessary  to  do  so  ;  as  the  plants  are  very 
impatient  of  heat  in  the  winter  season.  I  like  to  go 
into  the  house  in  the  morning,  and  find  the  leaves 
stiff,  and  sparkling  with  a  row  of  tiny  dewdrops  on 
them.  Those  plants  that  are  sufficiently  advanced 
should  have  the  centre  pinched  out.  This  is  best 
done  when  they  are  in  vigorous  growth  and  no  more 
pinching  is  necessary. 

The  Cineraria. 

Those  who  can  grow  Calceolaria,  well,  will  be  sure 
to  be  successful  with  the  Cinerarias.  We  prefer  this 
to  the  other  and  gro.v  several  hundreds,  which  are 
now  in  various  stages  of  development.  As  I  write  we 
are  repotting  the  plants  into  pots  in  which  they  will 
pass  throug  the  winter ;  and  the  size  of  the  pots  is 
much  the  same  as  those  the  Calceolarias  require.  It 
must  not  be  forgotten  that  they  both  make  good 
growth  during  the  winter  months.  We  pinch  the 
centre  out  of  the  plants  whether  they  have  been  pro- 
pagated by  means  of  seeds  or  cuttings,  and  they 
speedily  make  strong  lateral  growths  ;  the  right  thing 
is  to  pinch  them,  when  they  are  established  and 
growing  freely. 

The  potting  soil  for  both  is  decayed  turfy  loam  :  to 
four  parts  of  this  add  one  ot  peat  or  leafmould,  one 
part  of  decayed  cow-manure,  and  one  part  of  sand. 
Do  not  be  too  free  with  the  water- pot,  especially  when 
the  plants  have  been  recently  repotted.  O  *ingtothedry 
weather  mildew  has  been  troublesome  on  various 
plants  and  shrubs  in  the  garden,  and  may  spread  to 
the  Cinerarias ;  if  it  does,  it  may  be  removed  by  dust- 
ing with  flowers  of  sulphur,  a  very  slight  powder 
puffed  on  the  leaves  with  a  sulphurator  will  destroy 
it  on  its  first  appearance,  but  when  it  has  spread  much 
it  requires  a  good  deal  of  this  material  which  renders 
the  leaves  unsightly,  but  this  has  to  be  put  up  with, 
as  the  lesser  of  two  evils.  N-)ihing  destroys  this 
parasite  so  eftectually  as  flowers  of  sulphur. 

The  Chrysanthemum. 

Sharp  frosts  may  be  expected  early  this  month,  and 
to  make  sure  that  the  flower-buds  showing  colour  are 
not  injured  it  is  best  to  put  the  plants  into  the 
house  where  they  are  to  open  their  flowers.  When 
frosts  have  set  in  suddenly  we  have  had  to  lay  the 
plants  on  their  sides,  and  throw  a  mat  or  some  other 
covering  lightly  over  them.  It  is  not  safe  to  leave 
them  outside  after  the  second  week  in  October.  Sup- 
posing the  plants  are  quite  free  from  any  aphides, 
they  are  not  likely  to  be  free  from  miliew.  See  that 
they  are  well  dusted  with  flowers  of  sulphur  before 
taking  them  into  the  house.  Those  who  wish  to 
obtain  first-rate  blooms  for  exhibition  of  the  incurved 
varieties,  would  do  well  to  get  the  blooms,  or  rather 
the  partly  developed  blooms,  as  near  the  glass  as 
possible.  Some  varieties  such  as  Mrs.  tJeorge 
Rundle  and  varieties  from  it,  will  not  produce  coarse 
blooms  even  under  unfavourable  conditions,  but  some, 


OCTOIIER    2,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


427 


such  as  Jjhn  Salter,  Bronze  Jardin  des  Piantes,  &c., 
are  almost  sure  to  produce  coarse  blooms  unless  they 
are  within  a  foot  or  so  of  the  glass  roof,  and  well 
exposed  to  the  sun  and  air.  Artificial  heat  is  not 
needed,  unless  it  be  to  dry  up  the  water  that  may  be 
spilled  ;  and  this  is  best  done  in  the  early  pait  of  the 
day  when  the  ventilators  are  open.  Those  who  have 
been  accustomed  to  exhibit  know  how  annoying  it  is 
t)  have  their  best  blooms  injuied  by  the  decay  of 
some  of  the  outer  petals  ;  but  it  will  happen  even 
with  careful  management.  As  soon  as  any  of  them 
show  signs  of  deciy  they  are  best  removed  at  once 
with  a  pair  of  tiveezers,  tj  prevent  the  decay  from 
spreading  to  the  others.  The  decay  o(  the  outer 
petals  sadly  mars  the  beauty  of  the  blooms.  At 
p.  203  I  urged  the  irapoitance  of  the  specimen 
plants  being  trained  naturally.  The  growths  must  be 
supported  with  sticks,  and  this  may  be  done  any  time  in 
September  ;  ours  have  just  been  finished  (the  last 
week  in  the  month).  The  large-flowered  and  the 
Japanese  varieties  require  sticks  ;  the  pompon  varie* 
ties  very  few  or  none  at  all.  Those  plants  that  are 
grown  to  produce  large  flowers  for  exhibition  require 
VI  ry  tall  sticks.  The  Japanese  and  Chinese  are 
much  the  same  in  this  respect,  and  even  the  .\nemone 
pompons  will  grow  as  tall  as  any  of  them,  uhen 
grown  to  produce  large  single  blooms.  Give 
sufiicient  water  at  the  roots,  and  avoid  excess. 
Some  persons  are  so  careless  in  watering  that  they 
apply  so  much  that  some  of  it  runs  over  ;  this  is 
not  only  waste,  but  the  unnecessary  moisture  is 
injurious.  J.  Douglas, 


r  NURSERY    NOTES. 

Sawbridgeworth. — This  name  can  only  sug- 
gest the  nursery  of  Mr.  Rivers,  made  famous  by 
three  generations  of  fruit  cultivators,  especially  of 
fruits  grown  on  the  restricted  root  methods.  Peaches 
were  not  nearly  over  in  the  long  span  cool-houses, 
but  only  late  kinds  were  ripening,  at  the  time  of  our 
visit,  the  early  kinds  having  been  ali  gathered.  Most 
of  the  trees  were  in  pots,  but  a  few  old  veterans  of 
thirty  years  or  more  had  been  accommodated  in  the 
side  borders,  with  the  idea  of  rejuvenating  them, 
and  so  thoroughly  had  the  operation  answered  that 
it  was  difficult  to  distinguish  the  fruit  from  others 
iiken  from  young  trees  in  their  first  flush  of  bearing. 
Amongst  those  carrying  fruit  we  noted  Lord  Palmer- 
stOQ  and  Prince  of  Wales,  both  excellent  in  flavour, 
as  grown  ;  very  fine  also  was  the  Nectarine  Peach,  a 
hybrid  from  the  Stanwick,  but  which  has  not  the 
fault  of  cracking  like  thit  kind — a  fault  aggravated 
in  many  case?,  both  in  this  fruit  and  in  Grapes 
grown  in  pot-,  notably  the  Madresfield  Court,  by 
watering  the  plants  in  the  evening  instead  of  in  the 
morning— the  evaporation  from  the  foliage  during 
the  hours  of  daylight  getting  rid  of  the  major  part 
of  the  moi-;ture  drawn  up  by  the  roots.  The  Nec- 
tarine Peach,  although  of  a  red  colour  next  the 
stone,  is  white-fleshed,  and  is  deliciously  aromatic 
in  flavour.  Whatever  may  be  advanced  against  the 
method  of  growing  these  hardy  fruits  under  glass,  it 
is  to  be  recommended  in  all  northern,  cold,  windy, 
and  moist  localities,  in  preference  to  waits.  The 
trees  bear  well.  If  there  is  a  flow  and  return  4^-iDch 
pipe  in  the  house  there  is  immunity  from  spring  frost  ; 
the  insects  affecting  the  trees  can  be  readily 
destroyed  ;  the  house  makes  a  pleasant  promenade 
at  almost  any  time  ;  the  fruits  can  be  reached  with- 
out a  ladder  ;  and  when  it  is  said  that  nails,  shred^, 
and  ties  are  not  needed  at  all,  and  that  expensive 
borders  are  likewise  superfluities,  enough  has  been 
said  to  show  the  advantages  of  cool  glass-houses  for 
the  culture  of  such  fruits  as  are  usually  attached  to 
walls  for  the  extra  warmth  there  afforded  them. 

The  Pears  growing  in  similar  houses  to  those  in 
which  stood  the  Peaches  were  loaded  wiih  fine 
fruits,  although  the  pots  were  not  more  than  10  inches 
in  diameter  in  respect  to  the  largest  of  them.  Surface 
feeding  with  manure  and  loam  is  practised  with  all 
the  Pears,  and  to  keep  this  mulching  or  top-dressing 
in  its  place  the  expedient  is  adopted  of  driving  in 
broad  labels  or  small  pieces  of  slate  around  the  edge, 
and  by  that  means  actually  increasing  the  height  of 
the  pot  by  4  or  5  inches.  The  plants  are  put  outside 
when  ripening  their  fruits,  the  fuller  exposure 
developing  their  flavour  perfectly.  Of  Doyenne  du 
Comice,  Clapp's  Favourite,  Beurie  de  PAssomption, 
Madame  Treyve,  Souvenir  du  Congres,  Gratioii, 
Doyenne  Boussoch,  specimens  of  4  feet  in  height  were 


noticed  with  from  eight  to  twelve  fruits  each  of  a 
large  size. 

Pears  in  pots  admit  of  a  great  many  kinds  being 
grown,  if  that  is  desired  ;  and  in  that  way,  when 
selected  with  regard  to  the  season  of  ripening,  gluts 
of  fruit  could  be  avoided  ;  and  with  200  to  300  pot 
trees,  dessert  fruit  could  be  served  during  eight 
months  of  the  year.  We  know  Urge  gardens  that 
cannot  do  so  much  as  this,  although  possessing  acres 
of  wall  space. 

Plums  were  almost  past  in  the  houses,  and  with 
the  abundant  crop  outside  they  seemed  to  have  less 
interest  this  year  ;  but  we  have  many  years  in  suc- 
Ciision  when  the  Plum  ii  conspicuous  by  its  absence, 
it  is  then  the  little  trees  in  pots  prove  their  usefulness. 
The  Bryanstone  Gage,  Transparent,  Violette  de 
Galopin,  a  rich,  juicy,  purple  Plum ;  and  the 
Jtfterson  were  delicious.  To  defeat  the  wasps  and 
flies  the  trees  can  be  bundled  up  in  muslin. 

The  houses  of  Black  Alicante  Grapss  were  superb, 
the  bunches  numerous  and  large,  and  the  colour  and 
bloom  unequalled.  The  Gros  Colmar  approached 
these  almost  in  all  good  points,  but  were  less  heavily 
cropped.  Mr.  Rivers  has  **  taken  it  out"  of  his 
Miscatof  Alexandria  in  former  years,  and  they  are 
nuw  retaliating  by  shanking  at  a  great  rate,  Duke 
of  Buccleuch  was  a  capital  crop  of  short  compact 
bunches. 

The  appearance  of  the  nursery  stock  out-of-doors 
was  just  what  might  be  expected  at  this  famous  fruit 
centre,  but  there  was  an  innovation  on  old  practice 
observed  in  cordons  that  were  being  prepared  for 
sale  ;  that  is,  that  they  receive  but  one  pruning  whilst 
in  leaf,  and  that  takes  place  in  September,  leaving 
but  a  small  amount  of  pruning  necessary  in  the 
winter.  The  result  is  abundance  of  good  frait-buds 
in  place  of  the  weak  ones  and  numerous  wood-buds 
produced  by  the  constant  pinching  advocated  and 
practised  formerly.  A  good  system  of  fruit  tree 
planting  well  adapted  for  small,  or,  indeed,  any 
gardens,  was  observed  in  a  quarter  planted  6  feet 
apart  each  way  with  upright  cordons — Pears,  Plums, 
Apples  interlined  wi;h  Gooseberries  and  Cuirants, 
the  two  laUer  kept  at  not  more  than  3  feet  in  height. 
So  long  as  only  dwarf  iubjects  that  do  not  crowd  the 
cordons  are  used  as  the  interlining  ones  it  matters 
little  what  is  p'anted,  so  that  the  ground  is  not  rapidly 
exhausted.  Violets,  Roses,  Strawberries,  salading, 
kz.t  would  all  be  suitable. 


Jrees 


AND 


^Ht^UBS. 


HOLLIES:  GOLD  AMD  .SILVER  VARIEG.XTED. 
With  us  all  kinds  o(  Hollies  do  well,  the  soil  being 
a  light  sandy  loam,  which  suits  them  admirably,  but 
especially  noticeable  is  the  Golden  Queen  and  the 
silver  variegated,  as  they  produce  such  quantities  of 
short  sprigs  of  the  pure  gold  and  silver  sport,  both  in 
leaf  and  stem.  I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  such 
large  quantities  of  this  for  some  years  past  as  in  the 
present  season,  a  dry  season  being  more  conducive  to 
this  growth  than  a  wet  one.  The  variety  of  pur- 
poses to  which  this  can  be  put  makes  it  invaluable 
through  the  winter  months.  It  is  much  sought  after 
for  the  Christmas  decoration  of  the  churches  in  this 
neighbourhood,  and  I  also  use  it  largely  for  dinner- 
table  decoration.  With  this  we  use  a  pale  blue  silk 
cloth  laid  along  the  centre  of  the  white  one  on  the 
dinner-table,  using  the  short  sprigs  of  this  Holly  to 
edge  the  blue  one,  and  also  to  lay  about  on  this  cloth  ; 
and  with  silver  cups  filled  with  yellow  Chrysanthe- 
mums on  rather  long  stems,  with  plenty  of  foliage 
interspersed,  when  lighted  up  has  a  most  pleasing 
ctTect,  and  makes  a  good  variety  among  dinner-table 
decorations.  I  also  use  it  largely  for  vases  amongst 
cut  flowers ;  for  this  purpose  it  is  also  very  eflfective, 

ViNUS    PI.NASTER. 

We  have  a  handsome  specimen  of  this  growing  on 
one  of  two  islands  in  a  lake  of  32  acres.  It  is  fully 
exposed  to  all  the  winds  and  storms,  is  from  60  to 
70  feet  high,  and  girths  10  feet  9  inches  at  3  feet  from 
the  ground.  We  have  many  good  specimens  of  this 
variety  in  other  parts  of  the  pleasure-grounds,  but 
none  to  equal  the  one  under  notice.  Edwari  Ward, 
Htwell  Gardens,  Bromsgrfflx. 

Calophaca  grandifloka, 

A  shrub  with  long  puberulous  pinnate  leaves  and 


long,  straight,  many-flowered  racemes,  pedicels 
about  as  long  as  the  yellow  papilionaceous  flowers. 
Native  of  the  Amu  Daria  district,  where  it  was  dis- 
covered by  Albert  Regcl,  who  sent  home  seeds  which 
have  been  distributed  from  the  St.  Petersburg 
Botanic  Garden.  It  is  likely  to  prove  a  hardy  shrub, 
of  a  very  ornamental  character.  A  description  and 
coloured  figure  are  given  by  Dr.  Kegel  in  the  Garten- 
flora,  September,  t.  1 23 1. 

Single  Beeches  v.  Beech  in  Lixes, 
Can  you  or  any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me 
why  the  Beech  when  planted  as  a  hedge  tree  retains 
its  leaves  until  the  following  spring,  while  single 
specimens,  or  those  in  the  nursery  border,  shed  these 
at  the  usual  time  in  autumn  ?  It  is  not  the  effects  of 
pruning,  as  we  have  here  single  specimens  pruned 
closely  in  that  shed  their  leaves  ;  neither  is  it  caused, 
as  one  would  naturally  think  it  might  be  in  the  case 
of  a  cbse  fence,  by  the  shelter  afforded  to  one  by  tfe 
other,  for  I  know  of  a  Beech  hedge  of  8  feet  high, 
planted  on  an  exposed  mound  where  the  worst  winds 
blow,  and  where  no  shelter  is  aft'jrded,  that  is  as  full 
of  leaves  at  Christmas  as  it  is  at  midsummer.  Entergo 

Magnolia  fuscata. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  if  a  larger 
pUnt  of  Magnolia  fuscata  exists  in  these  islands  than 
the  one  at  the  Earl  of  Kimberley's,  Kimberly  Park, 
Wymondham,  which  is  at  least  10  leet  above  the  tub 
and  7  feet  through  ?  Mr.  Wainwrigh  (the  head  gar- 
dener) treats  it  just  the  same  as  bis  large  specimen; 
of  Orange  trees  (which,  by  the  way,  are  loaded  with 
fruii),  namely,  by  keeping  it  out-of-doors  all  the 
summer,  and  in  the  orangery  during  the  winter  months. 
7.  G.  Hill. 

A  New  Varietv  ok  Crab. 
We  send  you  by  this  post  fruits  and  shoots  of  a 
Crab  of  which  we  received  the  seed  from  Russia  a 
few  years  ago.  It  appears  to  us  distinct  from  any- 
thing we  have  hitherto  cultivated.  The  tree  is  of 
free  ttrong  growth,  and,  as  you  will  see,  fruits  freely. 
Last  year  was  the  first  season  of  bearing.  As  the 
season  advanced  the  fruits  became  almost  black. 
They  are  now  deep  crimson,  and  of  a  distinct  oblate 
form.  Jamis  Backhouse  i^  Son.  [A  variety  of  Pyru; 
malus  prunifolia  of  a  crimson  colour,  the  fruits  an  inch 
in  diameter  by  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  the  lesser 
diameter,  the  fruit-stalk  very  slender,  and  about 
li  inch  long.  Ed.] 

PlCEA  ajanensis. 
Th2  note  on  Picea  Parryani  glauca  at  p.  404 
tempts  me  to  recommend  thii  much  prettier  Spruce 
Fir.  We  have  both  gro.ving  together  in  our  garden, 
but  the  Japanese  species  is  of  freest  growth,  and  the 
silvery  she^n  of  the  undersides  of  the  leaves  is  most 
pleasinj.  I  believe  it  is  per.'ectly  hardy.  Abies 
Alcoquiana  (lloit.)  is  a  synonym  of  it,  the  true 
A.  Alcjquiana  beioj;  a  taller  growing  tree.  Xj  cjI 
lection  of  coniferous  trees  should  lack  either  of  these. 
I  wish  we  could  say  this  has  been  a  wet  season. 
Our  ground  is  now  parched  for  want  of  water,  but 
this  suits  the  Japanese  Conilerffi.  J.  Douglas. 

Cedars  of  Lebanon  at  Bayfordbury  ' 
There  are  eighteen  fine  Cedars  growing  on  the 
lawns  and  in  the  shrubberies  at  Bayfordbury,  besides 
many  lar^e  ones  about  the  park.  Of  the  eighteen 
growing  about  the  gardens,  ten  were  planted  in  1765, 
being  then  nine  years  old,  having  been  raised  from 
cones  of  a  Cedar  then  growing  at  Enfield,  and  still  in 
existence  there.  An  accurate  account  has  been  kept 
of  their  growth,  and  periodical  measurements  up  to 
the  present  time,  which  shows  their  increase  in  girth 
of  the  stems  in  the  later  years  to  have  averaged  about 
I  inch  annually,  and  they  are  all  no*  in  vigorous 
health.  These  Cedars  vary  much  in  their  habit  of 
growth,  and  in  most  of  them  the  branches  commence 
at  S  or  10  feet  from  the  ground.  The  measurements 
of  girth  taken  at  7  feet  show  at  the  present  time 
18  feet  9  inches  for  the  largest  of  the  ten  trees,  down 
to  15  feet  I  inch  for  the  one  represented  in  the  photo- 
graph, where  it  will  be  seen  that  in  the  other  two  trees 
the  branches  commence  very  low  down,  and  the  girth 
immediately  below  them  is  about  25  feet.  The  spread 
of  their  boughs,  which  rest  upon  the  ground  all  round, 
is  very  great,  and  in  a  longitudinal  measurement  of 
the  two  trees  covers  an  extent  of  iSo  feet,  the  stems 
of  the  trees  being  60  feet  apart,  with  their  branches 
interlacing  and  forming  a  large  shady  hall,  often  used 


428 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[October  2,  1886 


for  summer  Eatherings.  This  proup  of  three  trees  is 
situated  on  the  south-east  side  of  the  lawn  at  Biy- 
fordbury.  ]V.  R.  Baker.  [A  fine  photograph  accom- 
panied this  communication,  and  which  we  may  repro- 
duce on  a  future  occasion.   Ed.] 

Cones  of  Pinus  macrocarpa. 
The  six  cones  of  Pinus  macrocarpa  represented  in 
the  photograph  are  a  portion  of  eleven  cones,  which 
have  just  been  taken  off  a  tree  in  the  Pinetum  at  Bay- 
fordbury,  with  some  of  the  branches  which  it  was 
necessary  to  cut  in  order  to  obtain  the  cones,  the 
sight  of  which  when  lying  altogether  on  the  ground 
was  very  striking.  The  total  weight  of  the  six  in  the 
photograph  is  l6  1b. ,  and  that  of  the  largest  cone 
3  lb.  They  were  all  growing  near  the  top  of  the 
tree,  which  is  about  40  feet  in  height,  and  it  is  the  third 
year  since  the  cones  were  first  formed,  which  appears 
to  be  necessary  tor  their  full  growth.  There  are  two 
larger  specimens  of  P.  macrocarpa  in  the  Pinetum, 
which  have  never  yet  coned,  and  this  inclines  me  to 
consider  the  one  in  question  as  a  variety,  probably  the 
one  which  goes  under  the  synonym  of  P.  Coulteri,  as 
its  foliage  is  much  finer,  and  it  has  coned  freely  for 
many  years.  I  shall  be  glad  of  the  opinion  of  others 
who  may  possess  cone-bearing  trees  on  this  point.  I 
would  observe  that  the  cones  in  the  photograph  are 
not  exactly  in  the  position  which  they  held  on  the 
tree,  although  nearly  so,  and  show  the  way  in  which 
they  are  attached  to  the  branches  from  which  Ihey 
require  a  saw  to  detach  them.  W.  R.  Baker.  [Two 
full-sized  illustrations  of  these  noble  cones  were  given 
in  our  columns,  1885,  March  28,  pp.  409  and  413.  Ed.] 


MESSRS.  JAMES  VEITCH  & 
SONS'  SEED  GROUNDS,  TURN- 
HAM  GREEN. 

Travellers  by  the  London  and  South-Western 
Railway  passing  Turnham  Green  station  have  doubt- 
less noticed  a  piece  of  ground  facing  the  station  which, 
especially  during  late  summer,  is  very  gay  and  neat 
with  subjects  possessing  attractions  and  interest  for 
those  of  a  horticultural  turn  of  mind. 

Here  is  one  of  the  trial  grounds  belonging  to  the 
firm,  whereat  are  tested  the  novelties  and  varieties  of 
flowers,  &c.,  put  into  commerce  by  them.  Asters 
have  been  a  conspicuous  feature  this  season,  imparting 
quite  a  glow  of  varied  colours.  The  Victorias  were 
represented  by  a  fine  strain.  They  are  perhaps  the 
most  showy  and  massive  of  all  the  Asters,  bearing 
enormous  flowers  of  great  fulness,  grand  for  exhi- 
bition purposes,  producing  from  twenty  to  twenty- 
five  flowers  on  each  plant ;  height  of  plant  ij  to  2  feet. 

The  dwarf  Chrysanthemum  flowered  variety  is  a 
very  useful  one  for  edgings,  beds,  and  pot  culture. 
It  is  of  low  growth  and  stiff  habit,  and  very  ftee-flower- 
ing,  9  to  12  inches  in  height,  bearing  from  fifteen  to 
twenty  flowers  on  each  plant.  The  individual  flowers 
are  large,  often  reaching  4  inches  in  diameter,  and 
belonging  to  the  flat-petalled  class. 

The  pompon  imbricated  Asters  form  a  charming 
free-flowering  class  of  compact,  neat,  branching, 
pyramidal  habit,  the  growth  of  the  plant  being  I^ 
to  2  feet  high,  most  useful  for  cutting  ;  the  flowers, 
although  small,  are  of  excellent  form  and  the  best  im- 
bricated of  all. 

Trulfiut's  Improved  Pseony  Perfection  is  a  large  in- 
curved variety,  fine  for  exhibition  purposes.  It  is  of 
fine  form  and  symmetry,  the  flowers  are  3^  inches  in 
diameter  and  very  double.  The  plant  is  of  pyramidal 
growth,  I^  to  2  feet  high,  very  constant  in  height, 
and  bears  about  twenty  to  thirty  flowers. 

Of  those  well  known  and  much  admired  plants. 
Stocks,  a  fine  display  was  to  be  observed.  In  the  Ten- 
week  or  early  flowering  section,  the  large-flowering 
variety  holds  the  first  place,  producing  plants  of  compact 
and  robust  growth  about  i  foot  in  height,  which  yield 
fine  large  spikes  of  bloom  that  endure  for  a  long  time. 
The  intermediate  section  of  Stocks  forms  a  succession 
to  the  above,  coming  into  flower  two  or  three  weeks 
later,  and  frequently  remaining  in  bloom  till  destroyed 
by  frost.  The  plants  are  of  dwarf  habit,  very  free- 
flowering  and  double. 

A  new  forcing  variety,  appropriately  named  Snow- 
flake,  was  noticeable.  It  is  valuable  on  account 
of  its  being  admirably  adapted  for  forcing,  thus  being 
got  into  bloom  when  white  flowers  are  scarce.  It 
produces  a  vigorous  main  spike  of  large  and  very 
double  snow,  white  flowers,  and  when  well  grown,  a 
number  of  flowering  side  shoots. 


Those  attractive  half-hardy  annuals.  Zinnias,  have 
been  a  speciil  feature  this  season.  Being  of  easy 
culture,  they  should  be  grown  extensively  in  all 
gardens. 

To  those  with  a  fancy  for  the  gaudy  Sunflower,  the 
new  miniature  form  is  a  ^welcome  'addition.  It 
produces  an  abundance  of  small  bright  golden-yellow 
single-petalled  flowers  with  a  dark  disc — very  deco- 
rative, useful  for  cutting  purposes. 

A  subject  to  attract  attention  was  a  fine  strain  of 
Lobelia  speciosa  ;  the  plants,  which  have  been  care- 
fully selected  and  grown  from  cuttings,  are  dwarf  and 
compact  in  habit,  very  profuse  and  continuous  in 
flowering,  and  of  a  beautiful  rich  dark  blue  colour.   B. 


MASDEVALLIA    DAY  AN  A. 

This  very  singular  plant  is  an  ally  of  the  windowed 
Masdevallia  (M.  fenestrata),  sent  over  by  Mr.  Purdie 
from  Jamaica  in  1843,  and  which  bears  dull  purple 
flowers,  about  one-third  the  size  of  those  of  our  illustra- 
tion (fig.  86).  Both  have  much  the  habit  of  Restrepiaan- 
tennifera,  their  sheathed  stems  and  manner  of  produc- 
ing their  flowers  from  the  one  at  the  base  of  the  leaf 
strikingly  calling  to  mind  that  plant.  M.  Dayana  forms 
a  compact  tuft  with  Restrepia-like  leaves,  often  4inches 
by  3  inches  in  a  well-grown  specimen,  such  as  that 
which  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence  was  awarded  a  Botanical 
Certificate  for  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Scientific 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and 


from  which  our  illustration  was  taken.  The  upper 
sepal,  which  is  yellowish- white  with  irregular  purple 
spots,  has  seven  low,  longitundinal  membranous  keels. 
It  is  joined  to  the  inferior  orange  and  brown  connate 
sepals  at  the  tip,  the  internal  structure  of  the  flower, 
which  is  very  curious,  becoming  visible  through  the 
openings  at  the  side.  M.  Dayana,  which  flowered 
first  in  1S7S  with  John  Day,  Esq.,  of  Tottenham,  is  a 
New  Grenadan  species,  which  thrives  best  in  a  shallow 
pan  or  in  a  basket  suspended  with  the  Masdevallia 
chimsera  varieties,  and  treated  in  a  similar  manner. 


JARDIN  DES  PLANTES,  ROUEN. 

This  garden,  which  is  partly  a  botanic  garden,  has 
been  established  for  a  period  of  about  half  a  century, 
having  been  at  first  a  private  establishment  belonging 
to  a  Mr.  Calvert,  an  Englishman,  and  as  such  was  laid 
out  and  partly  planted  by  Mr.  Wood,  who  was  sent  over 
rom  the  Chelsea  nurseries  (which  were  at  that  time 
in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Knight)  for  that  purpose.  Mr. 
Wood  remained  in  charge  for  about  eighteen  months, 
when,  from  various  circumstances,  he  considered  it 
better  to  resign  his  place,  and  started  a  nursery  on  his 
own  account.  To  this  nursery  we  hope  to  refer 
shortly.  The  Town  Council  of  Rouen  found  it  con- 
venient to  buy  up  the  place,  and  secured  it  as  a  public 
garden  for  the  town.  Quite  lately  a  new  plot  of  land 
has  been  purchased  and  added  to  the  original  piece, 
and  altogether  the  extent  of  the  garden  is  about  10  hec- 
tares (about  25  acres).  The  new  part  has  as  yet  nothing 
in  it,  but  if  it  is  laid  out  and  planted  in  accordance  with 
the  rest — and  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  it 
will  be — a  fine  garden  will  be  the  result,  of  which  the 


townsfolk  of  Rouen  may  well  be  proud.  The  soil 
here  is  not  by  any  means  rich,  sand  being  too  abund- 
ant, and  in  many  plices  we  were  assured  the  fertile 
soil  is  not  more  than  from  6  inches  to  i  foot  in  depth. 
There  are  no  specimen  trees  of  very  large  size,  but  the 
Conifers  which  are  to  be  seen  are  of  excellent  shape 
and  form,  and  appear  to  be  extremely  healthy,  espe- 
cially Sequoia  gigantea  and  Abies  Pinsapo.  Limes 
and  Chestnuts  are  largely  planted,  forming  avenues, 
and  there  is  also  a  fair  proportion  of  Sycamores.  The 
Limes  are  not  as  healthy  as  could  be  wished,  but  the 
Chestnuts  are  perfect  marvels  of  beauty.  Pavia 
macrostachya  grows  very  well,  and  when  seen  as 
it  was  at  the  time  of  our  visit — about  a  month  ago — 
full  of  flowers  :  it  is  truly  a  handsome  plant.  There 
are  large  numbers  of  Musas  planted  out  in  the  beds, 
which  tend  to  give  a  tropical  appearance  to  the  place, 
but,  unfortunately,  they  are  in  some  instances  very 
much  cut  and  torn  by  the  winds  The  beds  are  almost 
all  carpet-beds,  and  are  well  designed  and  executed, 
one  being  the  arms  of  the  city  of  Rouen — but  we  will 
not  enter  into  a  minute  description  of  them.  Other 
beds  are  filled  with  the  usual  "bedding  stuff,"  in- 
cluding Cannas,  which  are  remarkably  healthy  ; 
Pelargoniums,  Phloxes,  Dahlias,  Ageratum,  Mar- 
guerites, &c.  The  greenhouses,  which  have  only  been 
erected  about  a  year,  are  built  on  a  good  plan  ; 
there  is  a  corridor  with  the  different  houses,  seven  in 
all,  running  off  from  it  on  the  south  side  ;  against  the 
other  wall  various  plants  are  trained,  but  Begonias 
and  Tropasolums  chiefly.  There  is  nothing  of  a  very 
rare  or  extraordinary  character,  but  everything  in  the 
houses  presents  a  remarkably  clean  and  neat  appear- 
ance. Achimenes  are  especially  well  grown,  as  are 
also  Gloxinias  and  Begonias  in  variety.  One 
house  struck  us  as  being  particularly  gay  with  these 
plants  ;  grand  specimens  of  Begonia  corallina,  B. 
metallica,  and  others,  but  chiefly  the  former,  are 
trained  up  the  posts  supporting  the  roof,  attaining  a 
height  of  sometimes  10  or  1 2  feet,  and  being  laden  with 
their  very  abundant  rich  coral-red  flowers,  have  a  most 
attractive  and  gay  appearance  ;  this  Begonia  is  very 
floriferous,  and  should  be  largely  grown.  From  the 
roof  are  suspended  several  Orchids,  which  however, 
with  a  few  exceptions,  were  not  in  flower  at  the  time 
of  our  visit.  The  best  flowering  specimens  noticed 
were  Vanda  suavis,  a  very  good  plant ;  a  fine  form  of 
Cattleya  Eldorado,  and  Lselia  Lindleyana.  Another 
attractive  flower  was  a  creamish-white  Comparettia- 
like  flower  which  we  did  not  recognise.  This  house 
is  laid  out  in  a  very  pretty  natural  sort  of  style,  with 
winding  walks,  rockeries,  and  ornamental  pieces  of 
water  in  which  the  plants  present  a  very  pretty 
appearance.  Another  house  contained  an  immense 
number  of  Coleuses,  in  fact  it  was  completely  filled 
with  them  :  it  is  not  necessary  to  particularise  any  of 
these  plants.  There  is  also  a  small  Orchid-house 
where  the  best  flowering  specimens  included  Chysis 
bractescens,  Stanhopea  Ruckeri,  Brassavola  nodosa, 
several  very  good  and  well  flowered  specimens  of 
Brassia  verrucosa,  and  large  numbers  of  OJontoglos- 
sum  crispum  ;  some  fine  examples  of  O.  Pescatorei 
and  O.  Schleiperianum  may  also  be  mentioned.  One 
plant  which  was  to  be  found  in  this  house  in  good 
condition  must  not  be  omitted,  although  not  an 
Orchid  ;  it  is  Lasiandra  macrantha,  which  is  very 
attractive  with  its  purple-red  flowers,  which,  however, 
are  too  fugacious. 

We  must  not  omit  to  mention  the  Palm-house, 
which  stands  away  from  the  foregoing  houses,  and 
containing  several  very  fine  plants,  including  Dra- 
caena umbraculifera  and  Sabal  Adansoni,  both  very 
attractive  ;  a  fine  Latania  borbonica,  20  feet  high  ; 
and  Chama^rops  humilis,  4  feet  higher  ;  and  a  specimen 
of  Scindapsus  pertusus  also  about  24  feet  high.  There 
were  several  other  interesting  plants,  among  which 
we  might  mention  the  officinal  collection,  placed  in  a 
cool  structure  connected  with  the  Palm-house.  There 
is  an  extensive  nursery  ground  connected  with  the 
garden,  and  possessing  great  interest.  The  Dahlias 
were  making  a  fine  show  here  when  we  visited  it, 
especially  the  single  varieties. 

In  the  centre  of  the  garden,  in  a  slight  hollow,  and 
directly  in  front  of  the  Palm-house,  is  the  Jardin 
Botanique,  arranged  according  to  the  classification  of 
the  late  M.  A.  Brongniart.  This  department  is  most 
interesting,  and  is  very  extensive,  every  order  being 
largely  represented.  There  are  many  interesting 
plants  here,  especially  in  the  Coniferae.  Orchidaceas 
are  wonderfully  well  represented,  and  Cryptogams  have 
great  prominence.  One  botanic  garden  is  very  much 
like  another  as  a  matter  of  course,  but  at  the  same 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


429 


time  some  are  better  than  others— Rouen  cettaiDly 
has  one  of  the  best. 

A  capital  institution  in  connection  with  the  garden 
is  a  course  of  botanical  lectures  and  botanising  excur- 
sions to  the  neighbouring  districts,  under  the  able 
direction  of  M.  Blanche.  These  lectures  are  open  lo 
all  comers,  and,  more  than  that,  the  classes,  which 
are  held  on  Sunday  mornings,  are  free  of  charge,  so 
that  any  one  who  can  spare  the  time  may  study  botany 
and  obtain  specimens  for  examination  for  the  mere 
asking  for  them.  There  is  also  a  school  of  horti- 
culture, where  practical  lessons  are  given  during  the 
proper  season  on  the  training  of  fruit  trees  of  all  kinds, 
the  garden  containing  many  excellent  examples  of 
well-trained  trees. 

The  garden  (exclusive  of  the  botanical  garden, 
directed  by  M.  Blanche)  and  all  the  squares,  &c.,  in 
Rouen,  are  now  under  the  direction  of  M.  Varenne, 
who  deserves  credit  for  the  way  in  which  he  carries 
on  the  work  connected  with  them  all.  We  must 
also  take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  our  thanks 
to  M.  Varenne  for  his  courtesy  and  attention  to  us 
on  our  many  visits  to  the  delightful  garden.  Le 
Voyagetir, 


not  planted  any  deeper,  or  at  least  very  little  more, 
than  they  were  in  the  nursery  borders.  Pruning  large 
tap-roots  and  ungainly  top  leading  shoots  should  be 
set  about  either  before  the  plants  are  sent  from  the 
nursery  or  immediately  before  being  planted.  In 
selecting  sites  for  the  large  standard  evergreens  above 
referred  to  choose  such  as  are  open  and  airy  and 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  plantation  margin,  as 
in  such  positions  the  furnished  look  of  the  wood,  if 
composed  of  hard-wood  trees,  may  be  greatly  aug- 
mented. For  these  bigger  holes  than  those  whose 
dimensions  are  above  cited  should  be  made,  say, 
4  feet  in  diameter  and  1 8  inches  deep,  as  for  the 
future  welfare  of  the  plants  a  little  extra  expense 
must  not  be  grudged.  Stakes  must  be  put  to  these 
as  soon  as  planted,  but  on  no  account  wait  until  a 
hall-blown  over,  mutilated-rooted,  and  chafed-baiked 
tree  compels  this  being  attended  to.  A.  D.  U'dnlcr, 
Fenrhyn  Caslle. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

BURCHELLIA  CAPENSIS,  Revue  Hottkole,  Septem- 
ber 16.— Avery  old  stove  plant,  deserving  more  atten- 
tion at  the  hands  of  our  plantsmen  than  it  has  yet 
received.  We  have  no  doubt  it  could  be  grown  to  be 
as  6ne  an  exhibition  plant  as  an  Ixora. 

Cantua  dependens,  Illuslriertc  Monatshcfle, 
October,  1SS6. 

CvpRiPEDiUM  PURPURATUM,  Revile  dc  V Hot tkut 
lure  Bel^e,  September. 

ECHINOCACTUS  SENILIS,  Garteiiflora,  t.  1230  A. 

Geum   rhceticum,  Biiigger,  Garteiiflora,  t.  1229. 

Hypericum  oblongifolium.  Garden,  Septem- 
ber 4. 

Labisia  alata,  Illustration  Horlicole,  t.  605. 
A  Bornean  shrub,  belonging  to  the  MyrsinaceK. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  with  a  purple  midrib,  each  about 
6  inches  long,  by  3  inches  in  width. 


GREEN   DAHLIAS. 

These   productions,    though    by  no    means    un- 
common, seem  to  excite  the  attention  of  the  public 


"J^^  0  R  E  3  T  F}  Y . 

RENOVATING  OLD  HARD-WOOD  PLANTA- 
TIONS. 
Timber  for  estates  may  now  be  felled,  converted 
into  boards,  planks,  &c  ,  and  set  to  dry,  as  has  been 
previously  recommended.  Old  plantations  should  be 
gone  over,  and  dead  branches  and  decrepit  under- 
wood, lS:c.,  should  be  cleared  out.  Where  an 
open  space  is  available  all  this  may  be  burnt. 
The  thinning  and  pruning  of  the  trees  should  now  be 
looked  to.  Where,  as  is  now  commonly  the  case  in 
park  woods,  specimen  trees  of  the  newer  and  rarer 
Conifers  are  interspersed  throughout,  see  that  these 
have  plenty  of  room  for  their  perfect  development. 

If  it  be  intended  to  plant  up  the  newly  thinned 
woodland  with  shrubs  for  covert  purposes,  the  thin- 
ning should  be  somewhat  severe,  for  as  light  and  air 
are  the  essentials  for  the  successful  cultivation  of 
underwood,  the  trees  must  stand  well  apart.  Choose 
out  the  thinnest  or  most  open  spots  for  the  various 
clumps  of  shrubs,  keeping  an  eye  at  the  same  time  to 
natural  effect,  particularly  where  the  woods  are  con- 
tiguous to  drives  and  walks  ;  dig  out  pits  iS  inches 
in  diameter  and  8  inches  or  so  deep,  at  about 
4  feet  apart,  the  distance  asunder  depending  of 
course  on  the  size  of  the  plants  to  be  used,  but  for 
those  of,  say,  30  inches  to  3  feet  high  the  prescribed 
dimensions  are  near  enough  ;  take  care  that  the  sides 
and  bottoms  of  the  pits  are  well  loosened  with  a  pick. 
From  a  score  to  say  fifty  to  sixty  plants  are  sufficient 
in  one  clump,  which  should  be  irregularly  arranged 
throughout  the  woods.  Game  of  all  kinds  detest 
dense  sunless  jungles  of  underwood,  but  delight 
in  the  opposite.  As  regards  the  plants  to  be 
used  fancy  and  use  must  decide,  but  the  best  suit- 
able are  the  common  and  Portugal  Laurels,  Box, 
Privet,  Yew,  Laurustinus,  various  kinds  of  Bar- 
berry in  the  open  situations  only  ;  while  for  single 
specimens  to  give  a  warm  green  appearance  to  deci- 
duous woods  in  winter  nothing  equals  the  Holly, 
evergreen  Oak,  and  Yew.  The  roots  of  the  plants 
used  for  underwood  should  be  well  spread  out,  and 


just  now  in  no  ordinary  degree,  on  which  account  it 
may  be  appropriate  to  reproduce  our  illustration  (see 
fig.  87).  Immediately  beneath  the  flower  of  an 
ordinary  Dahlia  are  five  or  more  small  green  leaves 
or  bracts  bent  downwards  ;  these  are  followed  by  a 
number  of  greenish  scales,  in  the  axils  of  which  the 
true  flowers,  the  quills  or  rays  of  the  gardener,  are 
produced.  So  that  the  Dahlia  is  not  a  single  flower, 
but  a  "  composite  "  of  many  flowers.  In  the  green 
form  the  true  flowers  are  not  produced  at  all,  but,  as 
if  by  compensation,  the  green  bracts  are  increased  in 
number. 


all  the  seed  having  first  mildewed,  and  then  rotted. 
But  time  will  show  what  the  others  are.  One  variety, 
however,  has  made  such  a  rapid  development  here  as 
to  be  worth  recording.  The  packet  was  labelled — 
"(Mixed.)  P.  capitata  (Hooker)  and  P.  bellidifolia 
(King).  Above  Lachoong,  at  13.000  feet."  This 
was  sown  about  the  beginning  of  March,  under  glass, 
but  without  any  artificial  heat.  It  soon  came  up  in 
great  abundance.  When  pricked  off  the  seedlings 
showed  two  very  distinct  varieties,  each  of  them  per- 
fectly constant.  One  has  long  leaves,  very  mealy 
beneath,  broadest  at  the  end,  and  soon  narrowing 
into  a  long  winged  stalk.  The  other,  which  has 
grown  more  than  twice  as  fast,  and  of  which  nearly 
all  are  in  bud,  the  first  having  opened  a  flower 
at  the  end  of  August,  has  the  scape  and  umbel  only 
mealy,  and  has  broad  flat  oval  leaves,  with  hardly  any 
stalk.  I  feel  no  doubt  that  both  are  forms  of  that 
very  variable  species  P.  capitata  (Hooker),  though  not 
one  of  the  former  variety  shows  a  symptom  of  a  bud. 
It  is  remarkable,  however,  if  two  varieties  so  distinct 
and  so  constant  were  found  together,  as  the  label 
seems  to  imply.  I  have  often  been  struck  by  the 
vagaries  of  these  polymorphic  species.  Some  forms 
flower  here  early,  some  late.  They  are  generally  in 
flower  in  this  garden  from  May  to  October.  C.  Wolley 
Dod,  Ed^e  Hall,  Malpas,  Sept.  8. 


HIMALAYAN    PRIMROSE   SEED. 

Many  packets  of  seeed  of  Himalayan  Primroses 
were  distributed  at  the  beginning  of  this  year.  Some 
of  us  are  now  being  much  puzzled  how  to  make  our 
seedlings  fit  the  names  which  came  on  the  packets. 
Excepting  three  or  four  weak  kinds,  such  as  P. 
glabra,  P.  pusilla,  P.  sapphirina,  which  came  up 
late,  and  seem  already  to  have  made  up  their  minds 
not  to  survive  the  winter,  the  main  crop  seems  to  be 
divided  between  P.  sikkimensis  and  different  forms  of 
P.  capitata  (Hooker).  I  search  in  vain  for  any  to 
answer  to  the  leaf  characters  given  in  Hooker's 
Indian  flora  for  P.  reticulata,  P.  Kingii,  P.  bellidi- 
folia. The  crop  of  P.  Elwesiana,  of  which  we  had 
abundance  of  seed,  seems  to  have  failed  universally, 


ROSE  SHOWS. 
The  remarks  of  "  Wild  Rose  "  (see  p.  296)  on  this 
subject  deserve  the  serious  attention,  not  only  of  all 
horticultural  societies  but  of  every  individual  rosarian. 
While  most  of  the  latter  will  agree  with  "  Wild  Rose" 
that  Rose-showing  has  greatly  increased  the  interest 
felt  in  the  growth  of  Roses,  yet  not  a  few  of  us  aie 
inclined  to  think  that  Rose-showing  manifests  some 
dangerous  tendencies  towards  forcing  genuine  Rose 
culture  into  seed  ;  the  fever  heat  of  excitement  thrown 
into  Rose  struggles  for  the  mastery  are  perhaps  as 
fatal  to  the  wellbeing  of  rosarians  as  to  their  Rose 
blooms.  Almost  everything  within  the  wide  kingdom 
s  also  coming  to  be  judged  mainly  or  chiefly  from 
the  show  point  of  view.  This  is  a  serious  evil,  for 
Rose  showing  should  be  looked  at  as  a  mere  episode — 
a  useful  stimulus,  it  may  be,  in  Rose  culture — rather 
than  the  be-all  and  end-all  of  the  same.  The  primary 
object  of  growing  Roses  should  be  the  furnishing  of 
the  garden  outside  and  under  glass  with  their  beauty 
and  fragrance  all  the  year  rnund.  Subordinate  to  this 
greater  purpose,  the  more  Rose  shows  in  season  the 
better. 

But  not  only  is  Rose-showing  responsible  to  a  great 
extent  for  raising  a  wrong  issue  in  Rose  culture,  but 
likewise  for  limiting  the  Rose  season  to  the  narrowest 
limits.  It  attempts  to  crowd  its  most  perfect  Roses 
into  the  month  included  between  the  last  fortnight 
of  June  and  the  first  of  July. 

It  may  be  said  that  this  is  the  natural  season  for 
perfect  Roses  in  England.  But  art  changes  seasons 
in  other  plants,  and  the  demand  for  good  show  Roses 
in  August  and  September  even,  would  doubtless 
bring  forth  a  sufiicient  supply  of  perfect  blooms  to 
prove  that  autumnal  Rose  shows — which  I  have  often 
advocated  with  a  view  of  fostering  continuous  bloom- 
ing Roses — are  practicable  and  possible.  Rose  shows 
out  of  season  is  a  field  that  the  National  Rose 
Society  ought  at  once  to  enter  and  culiivale  to  the 
full.  True,  at  first  they  might  not  prove  popular, 
nor  paying  ;  but  a  National  Rose  Society  on  the 
right  tack  ought  to  be  sufficiently  strong  and  wealthy 
to  be  able  to  disregard  either  or  both  these  considera- 
tions. On  the  ground  of  popularity  of  classes  or 
prizes  I  would  beg  respectfully  to  differ  from  "Wild 
Rose."  For  example,  the  prizes  for  Roses  grown 
within  eight  miles  of  Charing  Cross,  ought  to  be  con- 
tinued. If  four  or  more  compete,  the  Society  is  none 
the  poorer  ;  whereas,  if  one  more  attempts  to  grow 
Roses,  stimulated  thereto  by  the  prizes  uftered,  floricul- 
tural  taste  and  practice  is  so  much  the  furl  her  extended 
or  improved.  Experience  has  proved  that  it  is  pos- 
sible to  grow  Roses — especially  Teas — whose  smooth 
leaves  shoot  off  the  London  smuts  almost  in  the 
heart  of  London  ;  and  the  National  Rose  Society  or 
others  can  hardly  turn  their  resources  to  better 
account  than  by  stimulating  cultivators  by  liberal 
prizes  to  overmaster  the  obstacles  of  fogs  and  smuts  in 
the  cultivation  of  their  Roses.     It  is  only  necessary  to 


430 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  18 


attend  an  artisan  Rose  show  in  Nottingham  to  be 
convinced  by  the  irresistible  logic  of  facts,  what 
perfection  of  Rose  form,  colour,  finish,  fragrance,  are 
possible  in  a  crowded  towr. 

Neither  can  I  quite  agree  with  "Wild  Rose" 
in  recommending  the  omission  of  the  prize  for  the 
baskets  of  Tea  and  Noisette  Roses.  What  if  some 
exhibilors  mounted  their  sprays  on  wires,  and  others 
decorated  the  legs  of  their  baskets  with  panting, 
fading  Rose  blooms.  The  basket  form  of  massing 
Roses,  in  the  hands  of  persons,  controlled  by  cul- 
tured taste,  is  capable  of  yielding  harvests  of  Rose 
grace  and  beauty,  unapproachable  by  any  other  mode 
of  showing.  A  few  failures  should  not  result  in  the 
abolition  ol  basket  showing,  but  in  the  withholding  of 
the  prizes  offered  until  success  is  reached  ;  thus 
gently  compelling  exhibitors  to  act  up  to  the  stimulat- 
ing and  wholesome  spirit  of  the  nursery  rhyme,  "If 
at  first  you  don't  succeed,  try,  try,  try  again." 
Assuredly,  more  awfully  dreary  things  than  some  of 
those  baskets  of  hybrid  perpetuals  shown— three  or 
six  dozen  of  A.  K.  Williams,  flat  as  pancakes,  in 
round  hampers— could  not  be  conceived  ;  but  under- 
sized baskets,  in  which  Rose  sprays  could  be  stt  in 
water,  all  such  contrivances  being  hidden  in  green 
moss,  consisting  of  buds  in  all  s:ages  of  development, 
from  small  buds  to  three-quarter  opened  Roses,  wiih 
abundance  of  foliage,  ought  to  produce  a  richness  and 
chasteness  of  floral  effect  such  as  sing'e  Dahlias, 
useful  as  they  are,  could  never  attain  to.  (See  "  Wild 
Rose's"  third  and  fourth  paragraphs.) 

As  to  the  prizes  for  the  best  six  dozen  Roses  for 
amateurs,  it  may  be  useful  in  stimulating  the  latter  and 
add  novelties  to  their  collections— a  practice  which 
experience  is  rather  apt  to  check  than  foster.  It 
may  also  have  other  uses.  It  is  not  always  that  what 
may  be  termed  trade  Roses  prove  successful  under 
amateur  culture.  New  Roses  that  the  latter  can  grow 
up  to  show  standard  may  be  said  to  be  doubly 
certificated,  and  hence  stand  a  better  chance  of  selling 
freely  alter  appearing  in  perfection  in  the  stands  of 
amateurs. 

Most  of  the  diflicullies  arising  out  of  the  best  box 
prizes  might  be  obviated  by  the  sensible  specification 
that  only  boxes  of  the  same  number  should  compete  : 
thus,  72's  against  72's,  36's  against  36's,  and  24's 
against  24's,  &c.  Such  prizes,  where  they  can  be 
afforded,  are  useful  in  rewarding  ail-round  merit  in 
Rose  growing — one  of  the  most  praiseworthy  features 
in  the  products  of  some  exhibitors,  and  sadly  lacking 
in  those  o(  others.  However  fairly  Roses  are  judged 
it  would  neither  be  fair  nor  possible  to  prevent  a  few 
extra  good  blooms  from  carrying  almost  undue  weight 
in  the  awarding  of  the  prizes  ;  whereas  in  the  best 
box  prizes,  the  all  over  good  Roses  would  stand  a 
better  chance  of  obtaining  the  prize.  I  quite  agree 
with  "Wild  Rose"  as  to  the  difticulfy,  not  to  say 
absurdity,  of  putting  a  box  of  24  against  one  of  72  ; 
though  the  plan  recommended  of  dividing  the 
number  of  points  awarded  to  each  box  by  the  number 
of  Roses  it  contained,  is  probably  the  fairest  and 
soundest  that  could  have  been  adopted. 

Finally,  the  best  Roses  in  the  show  prize  should  not 
be  abolished,  but  extended.  It  often  creates  more 
interest  than  all  the  other  prizes  put  together.  But  I 
quite  agree  with  "  Wild  Rose  "  that  two  or  more  such 
prizes  should  be  given.  The  phrase  "two or  more"  is 
used  advisedly,  for  ultimately  a  prize  might  be 
offered  for  the  best  Rose  of  each  type  of  form  recog- 
nised by  the  National  Rose  Society.  liut  in  all  cases 
Teas,  including  Noisettes,  should  be  separated  for  this 
prize  from  hybrid  perpetuals ;  for  though  the  difference 
may  not  be  so  great  as  that  between  horses,  bullocks, 
and  sheep,  it  is  Fufficiently  wide  to  set  any  fair 
contrast  or  comparison  between  them  at  defiince. 
Besides,  prejudices  or  predilections  come  in  to 
complete  the  matter.  No  logic  of  reason  or 
of  fact  will  convince  a  lover  of  Tea  Roses  that 
any  hybrid  perpetual  can  compare  with  or  come 
into  the  running  with  them  for  a  best  Rose  prize. 
Hence  the  wisdom  of  letting  at  least  these  two  classes 
only  compete  with  their  peers  in  the  best  Rose  class. 

Not  a  few  rosarians  think  the  time  is  at  hand,  if  it 
has  not  already  come,  when  Teas  and  Noisettes  shall 
be  excluded  from  the  general  collection,  or  that 
separate  classes  for  hybrid  perpetuals  only  should  be 
established.  Much  as  we  love  Tea  Roses,  agreeing 
with  "  Wild  Rose"  that  they  are  emphatically  the 
Roses  of  the  future — that  they  must  vastly  increase, 
while  the  so-called  perpetuals  are  doomed  to  decrease 
—yet  it  seems  something  akin  to  undue  favouritism 
to  give  Teas  no  end  of  special  classes  all  to  themselves 


at  our  great  Rose  tournaments,  and  then  permit  them 
to  enter  other  classes  ad  lildlunt  as  well,  and  sweep 
off  most  of  the  cups  and  chief  prizes.  For  it  has 
almost  passed  into  an  axiom  in  Rose  showing  and 
judging,  that  the  more  and  better  the  Teas  in  the 
mixed  collections  the  more  certainly  shall  they  win 
1st  honours.  Not,  possibly,  till  a  stand  wholly  of 
Teas  shall  sweep  off  all  the  chief  honours  will  the 
practice,  now  so  general,  of  allowing  any  number  of 
Teas  in  the  larger  collections,  be  checked  or  regulated. 
The  present  mixed  mode  of  exhibiting  Roses  for  the 
larger  prizes  not  only  gives  double  honours  and 
chances  to  the  Teas — which  they  deserve — but  intro- 
duces a  distracting  and  disturbing  element  into  the 
judging  of  the  large  collections.  D.  T.  A 

Rose  W.  F.  Bennett. 
While  I  can  scarcely  go  the  length  of  saying  that 
this  is  the  best  of  Mr.  H.  Bennett's  new  Roses,  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  stating  that  a  great  future  is  in 
store  for  it,  and  this  opinion  is  heartily  endorsed  by 
Mr.  Harry  Turner.  A  number  of  pot  plants  at  the 
Royal  Nursery  at  Slough  may  be  truthfully  said  to  be 
laden  with  flowers  ;  and  it  looks  as  if  it  would  be  a 
perpetual  flowerer,  for  Mr.  Turner  states  it  does  not 
make  a  shoot  without  producing  a  bloom  at  the  end 
of  it.  It  has  colour  and  size  of  flower  also  to  recom- 
mend it ;  it  is  described  as  deep  velvety-crimson,  and 
it  will  no  doubt  take  on  this  colour  in  the  spring  ; 
now,  owing  no  doubt  to  the  drying  winds,  it  was 
rather  paler  in  tint.  Its  habit  is  undoubtedly  vigorous, 
and  this,  added  to  its  free  blooming  character,  should 
lead  to  its  being  largely  grown  for  forcing  and  cutting 
purposes.  Mr.  Turner  sees  that  it  will  be  in  great 
request,  and  is  working  up  a  large  stock  of  it  in  con- 
sequence, A'.  D, 


PRESERVING  FRUIT,  FRUIT- 
JUICES,  MUST,  AND  FRUIT  WINE 
BY  SALICYLIC  ACID. 

Dr.  F.  von  IIeyden's  successor,  manufacturer 
of  salicylic  acid  at  Radebent,  near  Dresden,  writes  as 
follows  :  — 

Fruit  and  fruit  juices  can  be  preserved  in  .->  variety 
of  ways  by  means  of  salicylic  acid,  and  which  permits  of 
being  employed  in  all  the  various  methods,  jam  making 
and  preserving,  &c. 

1.  Cherries,  Currants,  Raspberries,  Green  Gage 
Plums,  common  Plums  (zme/sc/i^en),  Peaches,  Apri- 
cots, &c.,  are  placed  in  wide-mouthed  glass  bottles 
holding  about  I  kilo.  (2  lb.  English),  without  water 
being  added,  putting  alternately  a  layer  of  fruit  and 
one  of  sugar.  The  upper  layer  must  be  of  sugar. 
Above  this  last  halfa  gramme  (about  half  a  teaspoonful) 
of  dry  crystallised  salicylic  acid  is  strewed.  The  bottles 
are  then  covered  with  parchment  paper  in  the  usual 
manner  and  placed  in  a  water  bath,  and  the  water 
allowed  to  simmer  for  fifteen  to  thirty  minutes,  accord- 
ing to  the  size  of  the  fruit — small  fruit  requiring  less 
time  than  large  ;  berries  about  thirteen  minutes. 
When  cool  it  is  advantageous  to  coverwith  a  piece  of 
salicylic  acid  paper,  and  make  fast.  Fruits  treated 
in  this  manner  have  and  retain  constantly  the  ap- 
pearance ol  fresh  fruit. 

2.  If  it  be  desired  to  preserve  large  fruits,  such  as 
Quinces,  Melons,  Gourds,  also  Rose  haws,  in  great 
earthen  cooking  vessels,  put  into  the  usual  sugar  and 
water  syrup,  half  a  gramme  of  salicylic  acid  per  kilo,  of 
fruit. 

When  filling  the  bottles  a  good  fitting  piece  of 
salicylic  acid  paper,  which  must  be  saturated  with  a 
concentrated  solution  of  salicylic  acid  and  rum,  must 
be  laid  on  the  surface. 

3.  When  preserving  Melons,  Gherkins,  Pears, 
Plums,  &.C.,  in  vinegar,  a  little  more  than  the 
proportion  of  salicylic  acid  given  above  can  be  added 
to  the  boiling  vinegar  and  sugar,  and  the  rum-paper 
can  be  omitted. 

4.  Russian  rum  compote. — The  making  of  this  is 
begun  at  the  new  year,  and  ends  late  in  autumn,  all 
sorts  of  fruit  being  placed  in  a  large  vessel  as  they 
come  into  season.  The  following  is  the  process 
adopted  in  this  kind  of  preserving  : — Strawberries,  for 
example,  are  placed  in  a  layer,  bestrewn  with  sugar, 
and  a  glass  of  rum  is  poured  over  the  mass,  and  as 
this  kind  of  compote  easily  ferments,  half  a  gramm. 
of  salicylic  acid  per  kilo,  of  fruit  must  be  added  each 
time  anything  is  put  in. 

5.  In  miking  marmalade  (must)  and  some  other 
particular   kinds   of   fruit,    as    well    as   the  so-called 


tuttifiutti,  the  salicylic  acid  is  added  towards  the  end 
of  the  operation,  and  preferably  in  the  form  of  the 
rum  solution. 

6.  Freshly  pressed  fruit  juices,  with  or  without 
sugar,  are  preserved  in  excellent  condition  in  a  cool 
place  in  resined  bottles,  by  the  addition  of  half  a 
gramme  of  salicylic  acid  to  1—2  kilo,  of  juice.  Such 
kinds  of  fruit  juices,  free  from  alcohol,  and  not  over- 
sweetened,  make  agreeable  drinks,  mixed  with  water, 
for  children  and  convalescents.  The  raw  juice  of 
small  fruits  require  in  the  warm  season,  when  they  are 
made,  about  50  grammes  per  hectolitre  put  into  the 
vessel  when  no  spirits  are  added,  so  that  fermentation 
be  prevented.  Complete  exclusion  ol  the  air,  and  a 
cool  storing  place  are  absolutely  necessary  conditions 
of  preservation  in  this  case.  Attention  must  be  paid 
to  the  equal  division  and  mixing  ;  and  if  the 
acid  be  dissolved  in  spirits  of  wine,  ten  times  the 
quantity  of  juice  can  be  diluted,  and  then  be  well 
stirred  about.  In  the  wholesale  manufacture,  wheii  a 
large  addition  of  spiiit  is  made  with  the  intention  ol  in- 
creasing the  quantity,  and  therefore  the  use  ol  salicylic 
acid  does  not  appear  to  be  necessary,  the  mah 
remains  several  days  in  the  tubs  before  it  is  pressed, 
exposed  to  the  risk  of  an  injurious  fermentation.  Th  s 
evil  can  be  avoided,  and  the  fine  aroma  preserved,  by 
means  of  an  addition  of  salicylic  acid,  dissolved  in 
alcohol  in  the  proportion  of  5  to  10  grammes  for 
every  50  kilos,  of  raw  fruit  as  it  is  put  into  the  vessel, 
or  after  the  same  is  filled.  By  this  means  the  ju'ce 
will  be  more  thoroughly  and  quicker  clarified  than 
by  the  usual  roelhod  by  means  of  spirit,  because  all 
kinds  of  fermenting  organisms,  owing  to  their  absorp- 
tion ol  the  salicylic  acid,  remain  inoperative. 

7.  Grape  juice  continues  sweet  and  clear  lor  a  whole 
year,  when  20  to  30  grammes  olsalicylic  acid  per  hec- 
tolitre (=  halfa  teaspoonful)  per  kilo,  are  mixed  with 
some  must  into  a  sort  of  thin  dough,  free  from  lumps, 
and  added  to  the  unfermented  must  immediately  alter 
it  has  left  the  press.  In  fourteen  days  later  the  j  lice 
alter  becoming  clear  can  be  put  into  bottles.  _  The 
latter  must  be  washed  out  with  a  watery  solution  of 
the  acid,  and  the  corks  should  be  boiled  in  the  same. 

8.  Cyder  and  perry  can  be  kept  for  long  periods  by 
the  addition  ol  10  grammes  per  hectolitre.  If  ttie 
articles  are  preserved  in  casks,  5  grammes  are  given  in 
the  spring  and  5  grammes  in  the  summer.  Complete 
exclusion  of  the  air  from  the  contents  of  the  cisks  is 
essential,  and  by  partial  opening  of  the  same  the  air 
should  be  passed  through  a  cotton-wool  plug  saturated 
with  salicylic  acid,  or,  belter,  through  prepared 
salicjlc  acid  wadding. 

Apples  and  I^ears  remain  in  good  condition  and 
can  be  layered  in  large  quantities  when  each  fiuit  is 
wrapped  in  paper  impregnated  with  salicylic  acid.  This 
lait  is  readily  made  by  soaking  blotting  or  tissue 
piper  in  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and  acid  and  hanging 
it  over  a  string  to  dry.  The  complete  purity  of  the 
acid  is  essential  to  success  Deutsche  Garten  Zeilun^, 
Sept.  22. 

THE   SEED   TRADE. 

Foreign  Grass  Seeds  and  Clovers.— Advices 
are  to  hand  from  the  principal  seed-growing  districts 
of  Germany,  and  they  are  in  the  main  favourable,  as 
they  indicate  that  more  satisfactory  crops  of  grass 
seeds  are  general  than  for  some  seasons  past,  and 
prices  will  in  all  probability  range  low  for  most  of  the 
leading  kind^•.  The  quality  of  the  seeds  also  is 
above  the  average,  and  this  can  especially  be  said  of 
Dic'ylis  glomerata,  Festuca  pratensis,  and  most  of 
the  Poas — all  of  which  show  very  fine  and  heavy 
samples.  Poa  trivialis,  and  especially  Poa  nemo- 
ralis,  however,  are  scarce,  the  harvest  ol  these 
being  small.  Festuca  duriuscula  and  F.  ovina  have 
yielded  a  fair  crop,  and  the  quality  is  generally 
satisfactory  ;  and  it  is  expected  that  prices  will  be 
lower  than  last  season.  Festuca  ovina  tenuifolia  has 
been  harvested  in  but  small  quan'ities,  and  it  will  no 
doubt  be  dear  in  price.  The  crop  ol  Cynosurus 
cristatus  has  been  harvested  in  fair  quantities  ;  the 
samples,  however,  do  not  exhibit  such  a  fine  colour 
as  they  did  last  season,  in  consequence  of  the  con- 
tinuous rains  which  fell  during  the  time  ol  harvest  ; 
but  the  growth  of  the  seeds  is  reported  to  be  quite 
satisfactory.  Anthoxanthum  odoralum  has  supplied 
but  a  quarter  of  an  average  crop,  owing  to  having 
been  affected  by  late  frosts  at  a  critical  period  of 
growth.  The  German  crop  ol  Timothy-grass  is 
reported  to  be  somewhat  better  than  last  year  ;  in  the 
United  States  of  America  it  appears  to  have  been  har- 
vested in  smaller  quantities  than  was  anticipated,  and 
prices  have  in  consequence  risen  considerably  above 
those  which  ruled  at  the  close  of  last  season.  The  pro- 
spects of  the  harvest  of  Clover  seed  is  by  no  means  a 
favourable  one.     The  yield  of  Alsike,  white  Clover, 


October  2,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


431 


yellow  Clover,  and  Sainfoin  is  but  a  very  modeiale 
one.  Red  Clover,  not  yet  galhcvad  eaily  in  September, 
did  not  promise  beyond  a  moderate  crop  ;  and  the 
same  can  be  said  of  Lucerne. 

The  Home  Harvest. 

As  far  as  Ihe  home  harvest  prospects  can  be  realised, 
the  Irish  crop  of  Rye- grass  promises  to  be  heavy,  and 
samples  satisfactory.  English  rid  Clover  there  is 
every  reason  to  believe  will  be  a  large  crop  ;  America 
it  is  expected  will  show  the  same  result,  and  in  all 
probability  home  prices  will  be  cheaper  than  ever  ; 
Alsiiee  is  expected  to  be  an  average  crop  ;  while  white 
Clover  will  be  but  a  short  yield.  The  late  spring 
frosts  and  cold  winds  appear  to  have  injured  Ihe 
plants  in  some  way.  A  great  quantity  of  yearlirg 
white  Clover  was  held  over,  and  as  this  is  likely  to 
prove  of  good  germinating  power,  the  scarcity  of  this 
season's  crop  is  scarcely  expected  to  affect  prices  very 
much. 

English  Tares  are  very  low  indeed  in  price,  scarcely 
realizing  more  than  4J.  per  bushel.  Ten  years  ago 
they  fetched  141.  to  I'^s.  per  bushel.  Kent  Tares 
especially  are  very  plentiful.  It  is  supposed  that  the 
Kent  farmers  finding  little  sale  for  their  green  croi"?, 
set  their  Tare  seeds  much  more  largely  than  usual, 
with  the  result  ihat  there  is  something  like  a  glut  in 
the  market.  All  round  trade  is  reported  to  be  greatly 
depressed,  and  travellers  return  home  with  spare 
orders,  and  these  generally  at  prices  that  are  scarcely 
remunerative.  Tfie  great  difficulty  appears  to  be  to 
sell  at  a  profit.  Pisuin. 


ment,  of  the  various  bedding  Chrysanthemums.  Th?sc 
will  be  in  fine  condition  to  plant  out  in  the  beds  in  the 
spring,  and  will  produce  better  results  than  if  struck 
and  wintered  in  pods.  Preparation  will  require  to  be 
made  for  the  proper  protection  of  bedding  plant.=.  In 
case  of  sharp  frost,  which  may  be  looked  for  any  night 
after  rain.  Pelargoniums  which  were  struck  in  the 
open  ground  should  be  potted  up  at  once,  and  placed 
under  the  protec'ian  of  glass  sashrs.  Do  not  use  too 
rich  a  soil  at  this  season  of  the  year,  so  as  to  induce 
them  to  make  large  foliage.    iVm.  M.   Baillie,  I.tUon 


THE     BEDS. 

In  order  to  keep  the  flower  garden  gay  as  long  as 
possible,  as  many  of  the  larger  leaves  as  can  be  con- 
veniently spared  would  be  better  removed  to  secure 
a  free  circulation  of  air  as  well  as  to  allow  the  sun's 
rays  to  mature  the  stems.  The  plants  may  now  have 
their  tops  removed  to  a  flower-bud.  Edgings 
generally  grow  more  freely  now,  and  they  will  require 
looking  to.  Plants  which  are  easily  injured  by  frost 
may  now  be  lifted  from  the  beds.  Pot  them  up  at 
once,  or  lay  them  in  pans  and  boxes,  giving  them  a 
good  soaking  of  water,  and  which  will  be  sufficient 
for  a  long  time. 

Cuttings. 

Keep  all  early  struck  cuttings  free  from  decaying 
leaves,  and  scratch  the  surface  of  the  soil  occasion- 
ally to  keep  the  it  sweet. 

Bulbs  and  Corjis. 
Crocuses,  Snowdrops,  Anemones,  Narcissus,  and 
Lilium  candidum  may  now  be  planted.  This  is  the 
most  suitable  time  to  move  the  latter.  If  shitted 
later  on  they  sometimes  remain  dormant  for  a  whole 
year,  or  if  the  bulbs  get  dried  great  injury  is  done. 
Snowdrops  and  Crocuses  look  well  planted  in  designs 
on  grass.  They  may  be  planted  to  denote  names  or 
coats-of-arms,  or  to  represent  animals,  by  drawing  a 
design,  with  chalk  and  then  following  the  outlines 
carefully  with  a  dibber.  If  the  bulbs  be  dropped 
into  the  holes,  and  a  little  sandy  loam  be  put  on  the 
top  to  fill  up,  that  is  all  that  is  necessary.  A  succes- 
sion of  flower  may  be  secured  if  holes  of  various 
depths  be  made  from  2  to  5  inches.  ^'e^y  pretty 
effects  may  also  be  secured  by  planting  Crocuses  and 
Snowdrops  round  shrub  beds  in  three  lines  of  various 
depths.  This  can  be  done  by  having  a  wire  put 
through  the  dibber  at  the  requisite  depth.  The 
Erylhroniums,  or  Dog's-tooth  Violet,  should  also  be 
planted  in  abundance.  These  have  a  charming  appear- 
ance with  their  mottled  foliage  and  pink  flowers. 

Violas. 
Cuttings  of  Violas  should  be  secured  as  soon  as 
possible.  The  best  places  to  strike  them  are  under 
hand-lights  or  turf-pils;  and  a  sunny  situation  will  suit 
them  best  at  this  season  of  the  year.  Secure  a  hard 
bottom  ;  on  this  place  a  couple  of  inches  cf  half- 
decayed  leaves,  then  from  2  to  3  inches  of  leaf-mould, 
loam,  and  sand,  in  equal  quantities,  passed  through  a 
i-inch  riddle.  Select  young  growths  from  the  roots. 
It  does  not  signify  how  small  they  may  be,  tbey  are 
certain  to  root,  and  are  to  be  preferred  .0  old  flower- 
shoots  which  are  hollow,  as  the  latter  do  not  root  so 
freely,  and  never  make  such  healthy  stock.  Put  in 
cuttings  in  a  similar  situation,  and  under  similar  treat- 


p;.A|^T3  AND  THEIR  f  ULTUI^E. 


C  H  R  V  S  A  N  T  H  E  M  U  M  S. 
There  is  no  plant  that  gives  so  good  a  return 
during  the  dullest  paits  of  the  year  for  all  the 
attention  bestowed  on  it  as  this.  Tying  in  and 
giving  a  few  more  siakes  where  necessary  must  be 
regularly  attended  to  ;  and  the  buds  of  most  varieties 
should  at  once  be  thinned  out,  if  large  siz^d 
blooms  are  required.  Choice  should  be  made  of  the 
strongest  and  most  prominent  bud  on  each  shoot  ; 
but  it  sometimes  happens  that  this  is  a  little  deformed, 
and  if  left,  the  bloom  would  be  of  an  irregular  form, 
consequently  the  next  best  prominent  one  which  is 
formed  should  be  selected,  leaving  only  one  to  each 
shoot.  Now  that  the  pots  are  well  filled  with  roots, 
if  they  are  not  stood  on  a  hard  impervious  bottom 
the  roots  will  soon  force  their  way  through  the  bottom 
of  the  pots  and  get  hold  of  the  material  on  which  they 
are  placed  j  to  prevent  this  they  should  be  turned  round 
at  frequent  intervals  ot  a  day  or  two,  and  being  gross 
feeders  they  will  require  large  quantitiesofmanure-water 
to  sustain  them  in  a  vigorous  condition,  particularly 
at  this  stage  when  they  are  throwing  up  their 
buds,  and  the  soil  in  the  pots  is  getting  exhausted. 
Those  plants  which  were  layered  some  time  ago 
will  now  be  nicely  rooted,  and  should  be  lifted  and 
potted  in  small  pots.  Plants  grown  in  the  open 
ground  during  the  summer,  with  the  object  of  saving 
labour,  will  now  be  ready  for  lifting;  and  if  a  spade 
be  inserted  at  a  short  distance  from  the  stems  about 
the  size  of  the  intended  ball,  four  or  six  days  before 
this  operation  takes  place,  it  gives  the  plants  lime  to 
recover  from  the  check  of  cutting  their  roots,  and  by 
this  means  they  suffer  very  little  when  potted.  The 
plants  must  be  stood  in  a  cool,  shady,  and  sheltered 
place,  keeping  them  well  syringed  morning  and  after- 
noon, otherwise  they  will  flag  and  lose  part  of  their 
foliage. 

Pits. 

These  structures  are  very  useful  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  many  plants,  and  it  is  found  that  a  great 
many  things  do  better  in  them  than  in  houses,  and 
require  much  less  attention.  The  divisions  which 
have  just  sufficient  heat  to  keep  out  frost  should  be 
filled  with  early  Piimula=,  lale  batches  of  which  plants 
should  have  their  final  shift,  keeping  them  up  near  to 
the  glass,  and  aff  jrding  them  plenty  of  air.  The  early 
batch  of  Cinerarias  and  Cyclamen  do  well  with  the 
same  treatment  as  the  Primula.  The  remainder  of  the 
space  in  the  pits  may  be  filled  with  Solanums,  Azaleas, 
Salvias,  Petunias,  Mignonette,  Godetias,  Roman 
Hyacinths,  &c.  The  cold  divisions  can  be  filled  with 
such  things  as  herbaceous  Calceolarias,  which  do 
much  better  in  cold  pits  than  anywhere  else  unless 
the  temperature  should  be  very  low  ;  late  Cinerarias 
can  also  be  kept  in  these  cold  pits  for  some  time 
longer,  admitting  air  freely  on  all  favourable  occa- 
sions, to  prevent  harm  accruing  from  damp. 

Keep  a  sharp  look-out  for  slugs  and  caterpillars,  as 
these  cause  great  disfigurements.  Tree  Carnations 
should  have  a  separate  division  if  possible,  and  be 
plunged  in  cocoa-nut  fibre,  suiiplying  them  liberally 
with  manure-water  and  giving  full  ventilation.  I  find 
the  undermentioned  sorts  very  useful  :— White  Swan, 
La  Belle,  Purity,  Lallermione,  Vestal,  Sir  E.  Wood, 
Lady  Sefton,  Lady  Emily,  Fire  King,  Volunteer, 
Magnificent.  Mrs.  K'en,  Laura,  Sir  George.  A. 
Evms,  Lythc  Hill,  Haskmcie. 


'Pf(UIT3     'IflNDEF}     <^LAS3. 


VINERIES. 
There  is  not  much  to  be  done  in  these  other  than 
maintaining  a  somewhat  dry  and  airy  atmosphere, 
and  watering  the  inside  borders  two  or  three  times  in 
five  weeks  with  clear  water.  This  should  be  given  in 
the  morning,  and  if  the  weather  should  be  dull  at  the 
time  the  fires  should  be  started,  so  as  to  heat  the 
water  in  the  pipes  sufliciently  to  prevent  the  condensa- 
tion of  moisture  on  the  berries,  and  also  to  promote  a 
buoyant  internal  atmosphere.     Look  the  bunches  over 


once  or  twice  a  week,  and  remove  any  decayed 
berries  that  may  be  in  them.  Also  remove  house 
spiders,  which  should  have  no  quarters  in  vineries  in 
which  clean  Grapes  having  a  good  bloom  are  aimed 
at.  Here  many  of  Ihe  late  varieties  of  Grapes  are  not 
yet  quite  coloured  :  these  include  Gros  GuiUaumc, 
the  large  S  or  10  lb.  bunches  being  more  backward  in 
this  respect,  and  Gros  Colmar ;  but  the  foliage  being 
good,  there  is  ample  time  to  lay  on  a  good  colour  and 
bloom  between  this  and  the  date  of  the  Vines  shed- 
ding their  leaves.  Therefore  a  somewhit  warm,  dry, 
and  airy  atmosphere  will  be  main'ained  ;  allowing  a 
free  circulation  of  fresh  air  during  bright  sunshiny 
weather.  The  laterals  of  Vines  from  which  the 
bunches  have  been  cut  should  be  shortened  back  a 
little,  so  as  to  admit  more  light  among  the  shoots, 
that  the  wood  may  become  thoroughly  ripened  before 
the  Vines  shed  their  leaves. 

Melons. 
Plants  growing  in  frames  placed  upon  hotbeds  will 
require  to  have  the  linings  made  up  round  them  with 
fermenting  material,  such  as  long  stable-dung  or  short 
grass,  so  as  to  impart  sufficient  heat  to  the  interior 
of  the  bed  and  (rame,  to  prevent  the  night  tempera, 
ture  from  falling  much  below  65'  until  the  crop  is 
secured.  And  with  this  object  in  view,  withhold  the 
syringe  from  the  plants  ;  also  abstain  from  giving 
water  to  the  roots,  as  the  latter  can  absorb  all  that  is 
necessary  for  the  ripening  of  the  crop  from  the 
manure-heap  on  which  they  are  growing.  Cover  the 
frames  at  night  with  mats. 

Vines  and  Vineries. 

Vines  from  which  ripe  Grapes  are  required  at  the 
end  of  April  or  early  in  May  next  should  now  be 
pruned  back  to  a  good  plump  bud  as  close  to  the 
main  stem  as  it  can  be  obtained,  taking  care  that  the 
hall  inch  of  wood  left  beyond  the  bud  is  not  split  in 
doing  so.  The  wounds  should  afterwards  be  dressed 
wiih  "Thomson's  Styptic"  to  prevent  "bleeding." 
The  house  must  be  thoroughly  cleansed  in  all  parts 
with  soap  and  warm  water,  the  woodwork  with  clean 
water  only,  and  the  brickwork  and  plaster  washed 
over  with  hot  lime.  The  rods  of  the  Vines  should 
then  have  the  loose  bark  that  may  be  on  them  rubbed 
off  with  the  hand,  and  afterwards  be  well  washed 
with  a  well  mixed  solution  consisting  of  about  4  oz, 
ofGishurst  Compound,  the  same  quantity  of  sulphur, 
and  2  oz.  of  soft  soap  dissolved  in  a  gallon  of 
warm  water.  This  should  be  well  rubbed  into  the 
Vines  with  a  stiff  brush,  especially  into  the  crevices 
about  the  spurs,  so  as  to  destroy  red-spider  or  other 
insects  that  may  be  in  hiding  there.  Care  must  be 
taken  not  to  injure  the  buds  in  this  operation.  After 
the  Vines  are  cleaned,  the  rods  should  be  tied  horizon, 
tally  to  the  wires  at  the  front  part  of  the  house  until 
they  begin  to  break,  when  they  are  trained  up  in  the 
usual  way,  care  being  taken  to  cause  no  injury  to  the 
buds  in  doing  so. 

The  surface  of  the  border  should  be  pricked  over 
with  a  steel  fork,  without  injuring  the  roots,  which  if 
in  a  satisfactory  condition  will  be  a  perfect  network 
a  few  inches  beneath  the  surface.  Then  remove  the 
loose  soil  and  lay  on  a  good  dressing  of  Thomson's 
Vine  Manure,  working  it  into  the  soil  with  the  fork, 
and  follow  this  with  soil,  consisting  of  three  parts 
loam  and  one  of  lime  rubble  as  a  top-dressing,  2 
inches  in  thickness,  followed  by  a  mulch  of  a  like 
thickness  of  horse-droppings.  Then  a  good  soaking 
of  tepid  water  should  be  applied,  which  with  sub. 
sequent  applications  will  wash  the  substance  of  the 
manure  down  to  the  roots.  If  the  border  be  an  out- 
side one  rotten  dung  might  be  substituted  for  horse- 
droppings,  and  over  this  a  bed  of  20  inches  in  the 
absence  of  leaves  and  fermenting  manure  (about  one 
part  of  the  latter  to  three  of  the  former),  well  mixed, 
should  be  laid.  This  by  heating  the  surface  of  the 
border  will  have  the  effect  of  attracting  Ihe  roots 
thither,  and  in  the  top-dressing  and  mulching  they 
will  help  to  induce  a  network  of  rootlets.  The  bed  of 
dung  and  leaves  should,  according  to  circumstances, 
be  freshened  up  two  or  three  times  during  the 
interval  from  the  middle  of  November  to  the 
middle  of  February.  As  soon  as  the  internal 
arrangements  have  been  completed  the  venti* 
lators  should  be  kept  closed  at  night,  and  the 
process  of  forcing  be  commenced  in  the  second  or 
third  week  in  November  by  applying  sufficient  fire- 
heat  to  maintain  a  night  temperature  of  50^,  and  55* 
to  60°  by  day,  running  up  to  10°  higher  with  sun- 
heat.  Syringe  the  Vines  with  tepid  water  two  or 
three  times  a  day,  more  or  less  frequently  according 
to  circumstances.  H.  IF.  Ward,  Longford  Castle. 


432 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  2,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


I     &  Morris  (ten  days), 
f  Sale  of    Nursery    stock    and    Greenhouse 
Plants    at^  the   Nursery,   Upper    footing 


Wednesday,     Oct  6  \      Morris'  Ri 


Park,  by  Protheroc  * 
n'staf  Palace  Autumn  F 
days). 
Sale  of  Plants  and    Bulbs, 


it  Show  (foi 
Prolhcroe 


Thursday, 

Friday, 

Saturday, 


t  Protheroe  &  Morris* 


°='  1  \      Rooms. 

,-,  .  o  (  Sale  of  Iinported  Orchids,  at  Prothe 

'J':'  5  i      Morris'  Rooms. 


take  a  selfish  view  of  it,  and  jump  to  the  con- 
clusion that  if  things  of  all  kinds  are  only  cheap 
enough  all  is  right,  regardless  of  who  suffers  in 
the  struggle  to  produce  them,  may  be  disposed 
to  offer  to  the  market  growers  the  advice  that 
Jupiter  vouchsafed  to  the  waggoner,  namely, 
that  they  should  "put  their  shoulder  to  the 
wheel."  This  they  have  done,  and  continue  to 
do,  but  it  is  terribly  uphill  work  when  they  have 
not  only  to  fight  against  over-production  at 
home,  but,  in  addition,  have  to  contend  with 


Protheroe  &  Morris 
Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms 


will  give  an  idea  of  the  size  and  stately  aspect  of  this 
plant,  a  neat  relative  of  the  lowly  Lords  and  Ladies  of 
our  hedges.  The  stem  or  rather  the  leaf-stalk  forms  a 
stout  shaft  of  a  green  colour  mottled  with  white  or 
yellowish  spots,  and  bearing  at  the  summit  a  huge  leaf- 
blade,  divided  primarily  into  three  main  branches,  and 
subsequently  into  a  mass  of  smaller  ones,  the  ultimate 
subdivisions  being  ovate-lanceolate.  The  spathe  is 
thrown  up  from  the  tuber  at  a  different  period  from 
the  leaf,  and  has  not  as  yet  been  produced  at  Kew. 
One  huge  leaf  here  does  the  work  of  many. 


IN  continuation  of  our  remarks  on  the 
Prices  of  Garden  Produce  in  our 
issue  of  September  i8,  p.  36S,  we  may  remark, 
respecting  the  CUT  Flower  Trade,  in  which 
so  many  are  now  engaged,  that  it  generally  hap- 
pens that  there  are  a  few  odd  kinds,  sometimes 
of  one  thing  and  sometimes  of  another,  that  are 
scarce,  and  consequently  fetch  fair  prices  ;  but 
the  deficiencies  that  occur  in  this  way  are  acci- 
dental, as  it  usually  happens  that  when  there 
has  been  for  a  time  an  insufficient  supply  of 
any  particular  flower,  the  next  season  it  is  so 
much  overdone  as  to  be  all  but  unsaleable. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  the 
growers  of  outdoor  flowers  in  this  country, 
except  in  the  case  of  the  commonest  kinds — 
which  never  fetch  much— are  virtually  fore- 
stalled by  the  foreign  growers,  whose  climate 
enables  them  to  be  always  first  in  the  market. 
Aided  by  cheap  labour,  cheap  land,  a  cloud- 
less sky,  and  an  absence  of  changeable 
weather,  which  the  home  grower  has  to  battle 
with,  the  foreigner  is  in  a  position  to  make 
light  of  the  one  disadvantage  he  labours 
under — cost  of  carriage,  the  extremely  low 
rates  of  which  for  things  brought  here  do  not 
seriously  affect  him.  Neither  is  it  the  home 
growers  of  outdoor  flowers  alone  who  suffer 
from  the  influx  of  foreign  produce  ;  the  best 
kinds  grown  here  under  glass  often  do  not 
fetch  a  third  of  the  price  they  should  and 
would  do  were  the  foreigners  absent.  The 
Hyacinth  and  Daffodil  flowers,  that  come  over 
by  the  ton  in  spring,  are  a  case  in  point  ;  for 
several  weeks  each  season  these  are  now  so 
plentiful  as  to  bring  down  to  zero  the  prices  of 
the  tender  indoor  flowers  which  the  home 
growers  have  to  offer. 

With  pot  plants  of  nearly  all  kinds,  the  same 
lowness  of  price  prevails.  During  the  last  two 
or  three  seasons  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
Hyacinths  and  other  bulbs  have  been  sold  at 
prices  so  little  above  what  was  paid  to  the  Con- 
tinental growers  for  them  as  to  barely  be 
enough  to  cover  the  cost  of  fuel,  pots,  and 
labour,  leaving  nothing  for  profit  or  interest  on 
the  capital  invested  in  the  houses  required  to 
grow  them,  and  which,  by  the  way,  is  money 
sunk  in  stock  of  the  most  perishable  nature. 
What  has  been  said  respecting  Hyacinths  and 
other  bulbs  holds  good  with  far  the  greater 
portion  of  the  different  sorts  of  plants  which  are 
cultivated  in  pots  for  market.  Pelargoniums, 
which  for  so  long  held  the  leading  place  amongst 
flowering  plants,  have  become  of  so  little  value 
that  some  of  the  growers  who  have  been  the 
most  successful  with  them  have  within  the  last 
year  or  two  given  them  up,  and  taken  to  things 
that  take  less  time.  Such  things  as  Cinerarias, 
Primulas,  and  Fuchsias  now  often  do  not  fetch 
more  than  3^.  per  dozen — a  price  about  which  it 
is  not  necessary  to  speak  further  than  in  re- 
marking that,  if  the  principles  of  trade 
unionism  existed  amongst  the  hands  engaged 
in  growing  them  either  as  regards  the  speed  at 
which  the  work  has  to  be  got  through,  or  the 
length  of  hours  the  workers  have  to  keep  at  it, 
the  price  would  not  pay  for  the  labour,  leaving 
everything  else  out  of  the  reckoning. 

Those  unacquainted  with  the  subject,  or  who 


Fig.  88.— amorphophallus  titanum, 


foreign   competition   in  the  struggle  in   which 
they  are  unequally  handicapped. 


Amorphophallus  Titanum.— Some   time 

ago  Signer  Becari  forwarded  us  an  account  of  the 
most  gigantic  of  Aroids  yet  known,  and  discovered  by 
him  in  Sumatra.  Referring  to  the  account  in  vol.  x  , 
1878,  pp.  596,  78S,  under  the  name  of  Conophallus 
Titanum,  for  the  full  details  of  this  very  remarkable 
plant,  we  now  place  before  the  reader  an  illustration, 
by  Mr.  Allen,  of  a  specimen  growing  in  the  Victoria- 
house  in  the  centre  of  the  T-range  at  Kew,  and  which 
has  been  a  striking  object  in  the  house  for  a  long  time 
past.     This  and  our  other  illustration  (figs,  88  and  89) 


Richmond. — We  are  pleased  to  hear  that  the 

Vestry  have  been  empowered  to  purchase  the  Duke  of 
Biiccleuch's  estate,  with  the  view  of  converting  it 
into  a  public  garden.  There  was  a  feeling  of  dread 
lest  the  speculative  builder  might  get  hold  of  the 
property,  and  so  deface  the  most  lovely  view  of  the 
kind  that  England  has  to  show.  Thanks  to  the 
public  spirit  of  the  Richmond  people,  this  gigantic 
piece  tjf  vandalism  has  been  averted,  and  the  many 
attractions  of  Richmond  will  be  enhanced  rather  than 
defaced.     Well  done,  Richmond  ! 

Semi-Double    Flower  of  Odontoglos- 

SUM  WiLCKEANUM.— Mr.  JAMES  Sends  us  a  flower  of 
this  species,  projecting  from  the  column  of  which,    on 


THE    GARDENERS'    C // R 0 N I CL E . —October  7,  li 


FlU.    Sq.— A   GlflNT   ARUlD   AT    KhW,    AMORyHOPHALLUS    TITAMM.       (Stb    P.    4j2.) 


43+ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  18 


either  side,  is  a  small  petal,  exactly  like  the  true  side- 
petals,  but  smaller.  There  is  lillle  doubt  that  these 
supplementary  petals  represent  two  of  the  outer  rows 
of  stamens  which  an  Orchid  has  in  fosse,  and  some- 
times in  esse.  According  to  the  Darwinian  scheme  of 
rotation,  this  flower  then  has  the  stamen  A  I  perfect, 
A  2,  A  3,  petaloid,  while  the  remiing  three,  a  I,  a  2, 
a  3,  are  absent. 

Caucasus  Boxwood.— Vice-Consul  Gard- 
ner reporting  from  Poll,  says,  that  the  Boxwood 
forests  in  the  vicinity  of  Poti  are  exhausted,  and  sup- 
plies are  now  drawn  from  Abkassia,  which  province 
has  lately  been  opened  to  cutters  by  the  Russian 
Government.  About  aooo  tons  were  cut  and  exported 
duiingthe  year  iSSs  to  the  United  Kingdom.  This 
wood  is  of  tine  clean  growth,  good  colour,  and  great 
thickness,  many  pieces  being  15  inches  in  diameter. 

The    Ripening    of    GitAPEs.— The     first 

rudiments  of  the  flower,  like  those  of  a  Rhododen- 
dron, are  always  produced  in  the  autumn  previous  to 
the  expansion  of  the  flowers.  The  lowest  buds 
appear  fir^t.  Upon  the  general  vigour  of  the  Vine, 
and  more  particularly  of  the  bud  itself,  depend  the 
abundance  and  condition  of  the  flower.  Sometimes 
the  absence  or  the  enfeebled  condition  of  the  bud 
is  dependent  upon  the  weak  state  of  the  nearest 
leaf.  M.  MijLLER,  from  whom  we  quote,  says  the 
leaf  to  which  the  bud  is  axillary ;  but  this  is  a 
slip  ;  the  flower-buds  of  a  Vine  are  not  axillary,  but 
opposite  to  the  leaf.  The  flower-hud  once  formed 
grows  very  slowly  in  autumn,  and  not  at  all  in  winter, 
Growth  recommences  in  spring,  and  is  more  active 
then  even  than  in  autumn,  when  there  is  a  higher 
temperature.  Self  fertilisation  is  preferred  by  M. 
MuLLER  to  cross-fertilisation,  as  affording  better  and 
more  certain  results.  The  swelling  of  the  berries  is 
facilitated  by  nitrogenous  manures — an  indication  for 
the  use  of  liquid  manure  after  the  berries  have  set. 

Adiantum  CUNEATUM  elegans  (see  Gar- 
deners' CJironiele,  p.  134,  August  I,  18S5).— Mr.  C. 
Kershaw,  of  Brighouse,  sends  us  plants  of  this 
variety  of  Adiantum,  described  in  our  columns  last 
year  in  the  number  for  August  i,  and  there  spoken 
of  approvingly.  It  still  retains  the  elegant  character 
which  suggested  the  name,  and  we  observe  from  the 
plants  now  before  us  that  it  is  particularly  dwarf  and 
compact  in  habit,  and  therefore  capable  of  being  kept 
in  a  state  fit  for  furnishing  and  decorating  purposes 
for  a  long  time  with  little  trouble,  When  we  say  that 
it  is  pleasing  and  graceful  in  appearance,  we  only  say 
what  is  true  of  the  type  form  and  of  most  other  species 
of  this  genus.  The  remark  is  quite  true  of  this  variety, 
but  besides  it  has  the  dense  stocky  habit  above  alluded 
to  as  an  additional  recommendation.  Mr.  Kershaw 
informs  us  that  it  is  a  very  hardy  variety,  and  that 
the  plants  produce  an  enormous  quantity  of  fronds, 
of  which,  indeed,  the  examples  before  us  bear  fuU 
evidence. 

Grape  Seeds.  —  Microscopical  examination 

shows  that  these  seeds  have  on  the  outside  a  layer  of 
cells  filled  with  hard  woody  matter  ;  this  is  the  pro- 
tective layer.  Beneath  it  is  a  layer  of  cells,  which 
have  the  faculty  of  absorbing  and  retaining  a  large 
quantity  of  water,  and  this  overlies  a  layer  of  cells 
containing  tannin,  The  substance  of  the  seed  (ihe 
perisperm)  contains  much  fatty  matter,  albumen,  and 
aleurone. 

New  Commercial  Botany  Class  at  the 

Liverpool  University.— There  is  now,  says  the 
Cheriiisi  and  Drnqj^ist,  every  probability  that  with  Ihe 
commencement  of  the  autumn  term  a  commercial 
botany  class  will  be  formed,  having  as  its  teacher, 
Mr.  R.  J.  Harvey  Gibson,  M.A,,  F,R,S.E.,  who 
is  at  present  demonstrator  of  biology  in  the  college. 
The  aim  of  the  class  will  be  to  impart  a  sound  know- 
ledge of  the  nature  and  the  methods  of  preparation 
of  the  principal  commercial  products  of  the  world 
which  owe  their  origin  directly  or  indirectly  to  the 
vegetable  kingdom.  The  subjects  will  be  discussed 
under  five  heads — viz.,  food  material,  drugs,  clothing, 
&c.,  architeclure  and  general  purposes.  In  regard 
to  the  second  of  these,  it  is  announced  that  "the 
characters  of  the  plants  employed,  and  the  mode  ol 
extraction  of  the  active  principles  and  oils,  &c. ,  will 
be  the  points  more  especially  dealt  with."  Of  the 
fifth  subject — "general  purposes" — it  is  said  that 
the  section  "will  embrace  a  discussion  of  such  pro- 
ducts as  gums,  dyes,  &c.,  not  conveniently  classifiable 


under  any  of  the  other  headings."  The  classes  will 
be  htld  in  the  evening,  and  the  fees  are  to  be  based 
on  a  low  scale,  with  the  view  of  securing  the  attend- 
ance of  those  persons  who  are  most  intt  rested  in  the 
dilTerent  sul  j^cts,  to  whom  ordinary  fees  might  present 
a  d.fficuliy. 

Canadian  News.— The   first  steamer  wiih 

Canadian  fiuit  for  the  Colonial  Exhibition  sailed  for 
London  on  September  24,  and  the  second  was  to  sail 
on  September  30.  Tlie  fruit  has  been  carefully 
selected,  and  of  only  such  a  degree  of  ripeness  that  it 
will  be  in  good  eating  condition  at  the  time  of 
arrival.  The  steamers  are  fitted  out  with  specially 
constructed  refrigerators.  —  The  Canadian  corre- 
spondent of  the  Liverpool  Journal  of  Coininerce  says 
that  the  report  prepared  for  the  Canadian  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  Company  of  the  crops  in  the  section 
ol  the  Dominion  traversed  by  that  line  is  generally 
of  a  very  encouraging  kind.  The  yield  of  fruit  alone 
is  expected  to  be  poor,  and  only  in  some  localities. 
On  the  main  lines  between  Toronto  and  Monir^-al 
the  yield  of  Wheat  is  estimated  at  15  to  20  bushels 
per  acre  west  of  Morrisburg,  and  20  to  25  bu^hth 
east  of  that  town.  Barley  is  a  magnificent  crop, 
averaging  about  30  bushels.  Root  crops  west  of 
Belleville  are  good,  but  eastward  Potatos  are,  to  some 
extent,  rotting.  The  hay  crop  is  variable,  but  good 
in  most  places.  On  the  Midland  main  line  Wheat 
will  average  20  to  25  bushels  per  acre,  and  Biiley  and 
Oats  30  to  35  bushels.  In  the  section  covered  by 
the  Coboconck  branch  Wheat  averages  20  to  30 
bushels.  Barley  30  to  35  bushels,  and  Oats  40  bushels. 
Roots  are  good  and  fruit  fair.  The  quantity  of  grain 
to  be  "shipped  "  during  the  present  season  from  this 
part  of  the  coulry  will  be  30  per  cent,  more  than  that 
of  last  year,  and  on  other  portions  of  the  line  20  per 
cent.  more. 

National  Chrysanthemum   Society.— 

A  general  meeting  of  this  Society  will  be  held  on 
Monday,  the  nth  inst,,  at  7  o'clock,  p.m.  at  the 
"Old  Four  S*ans,"  84,  Bishopsgate  Street,  City, 
when  E.  Sanderson,  Esq.,  President,  will  occupy 
the  chair. 

The  Botanical    Exchange   Club.— We 

have  received  a  copy  of  the  report  for  1885,  which 
gives  some  notion  of  the  doings  of  a  small  but 
devoted  band  of  British  botanists.  Among  other 
things,  we  note  that  one  contributor  has  collected  a 
series  ol  varieties  of  the  common  Shepherd's  Purse, 
Capsella  bursa  pastoris.  This  practice  is  likely  to  be 
of  great  value  in  enabling  us  to  estimate  the  limits  cf 
variation  in  any  one  species,  and  in  ascertaining  the 
lines  in  which  natural  selection  might  possibly  oper- 
ate. We  hope  Mr.  Mott's  specimens  are  accom- 
panied by  notes  as  to  the  circumstances  and  condi- 
tions under  which  the  varieties  grew.  The  importance 
of  such  observations  in  ascertaining  what  characters 
are  of  physiological  and  adaptive  nature,  and  what  of 
more  direct  genetic  significance,  can  hardly  be  over- 
estimated, and  they  would  idd  special  interest  to  the 
mere  discrimination  of  forms,  separated  by  very  slight 
cr  by  inconstant  barriers. 

Edwards'  Desiccated  Soup.— Messrs.  V. 

King  &  Co.  (Limited)  forwarded  us  a  sample  of  their 
soup  for  trial.  The  packet  contained  I  oz.  of  the  dry 
material,  and  made  three-quarters  of  a  pint  of  good 
soup,  being  very  nicely  flavoured  with  vegetables.  It 
would  be  very  handy  in  a  house  where  soup  might  be 
wanted  in  a  few  minutes,  and  it  is  inexpensive,  the 
sample  we  tried  being  a  pennyworth. 

Origin  of  the  Blood  Orange.— A  cor- 
respondent sends  us  the  following  cutting  from  the 
Trofieal  Agrienlturisl  respecting  the  origin  of  the 
Blood  Orange,  in  the  hope  that  its  appearance  in  our 
columns  may  lead  to  a  discussion  tending  to  confirm 
or  refute  the  ideas  suggested  in  it  :  — 

"  T/:e  Blood  Orange. — Another  very  curious  and 
popular  Orange  is  the  Blood.  The  general  appearance 
ol  the  tree,  leaf,  and  flower,  differs  only  from  other 
Orange  trees  in  the  absence  of  thorns.  Its  fruit  is 
distinguished  by  a  colour  of  blood  which  developes  itself 
gradually  as  the  fruit  begins  to  ripen.  Little  by  little 
the  blood-coloured  spots  appear  in  its  pulp ;  as  it 
advances  to  maturity  these  enlarge,  becoming  a  deeper 
blood  colour,  finally  embracing  all  the  pulp,  and  spread- 
ing to  tlie  skin,  which  becomes  a  brighter  blood  colour, 
the  longer  it  is  allowed  to  hang  on  the  tree.   This  variety 


of  Orange  has  provoked  much  discussion,  and  many 
theories  have  been  advanced  as  to  its  origin,  some 
claiming  it  was  produced  by  grafting  the  Orange  into 
the  Pomegranate  tree  ;  others  that  it  was  simply  a  freak 
of  Nature,  From  conversation  with  Mr.  Rose,  manager 
of  the  New  York  Fruit  Exchange,  who  spent  twelve 
years  in  Orange  culture  on  the  inland  of  Sicily  ;  and 
from  Mr.  G.  Amoroso,  one  of  the  most  experienced 
growers  in  Sicily  ;  and  other  Orange  importers  and 
growers,  I  am  positively  assured  that  the  Blood 
Orange  is  as  distinct  a  variety  as  is  the  Baldwin 
Apple  from  the  Greening,  and  as  a  graft  from  a 
Baldwin  Apple  tree  upon  a  Greening  tree  will  pro- 
duce a  red  Baldwin  Apple,  so  the  product  of  a  bud 
or  graft  from  llie  Blood  Orange  tree,  when  gralted 
or  budded  into  any  other  variety,  will  sure'y  be  a  Blood 
Orange,  thus  proving  beyond  a  doubt  that  the  Blood 
Orange  is  not  a  freak  of  Nature,  but  a  distinct  and 
separate  variety,  produced  by  hybridising  the  Orange 
with  the  Pomegranate.  (!)  In  the  start  the  Blood 
Orange  is  grafted  from  the  Orange  to  the  Pjmcgranate 
tree,  and  in  two  years  time  is  again  grafted  from  the 
Pomegranate  to  the  Orange,  so  as  to  secure  a  regular 
supply  of  bloods  wliich  otherwise  would  soon  die  out, 
the  Pomegranate  being  short-lived.  I  have  given  this 
species  special  attention  owing  to  the  various  opinions — 
purely  guess-work  or  theory — expressed  both  upon  the 
street,  among  the  fruit  trade,  and  in  the  newspaper 
columns  ;  for  that  reason  I  have  interviewed  the  above- 
named  gentlemen,  whoe  opinions  I  accept  and  present 
by  permission  as  indisputable  authority." 

Of  course  no  gardener  would  admit  the  preposterous 
nation  that  a  Pomegranate  would  either  graft  or 
hybridise  with  an  Orange. 

Apple  Bismarck.— We  noticed  at  Stanstead 

Park  Nursery,  Forest  Hill,  this  new  Apple,  of  which 
great  quantities  are  grown,  fruiting  well  in  pots,  and  in 
the  open  ground.  It  appears  to  be  very  prolific,  and 
to  take  after  the  Nonsuch,  but  more  highly  coloured. 

EusTOMA   EX4LTATUM.— This   is    the   Lisi- 

anihus  exaltatus  of  Lamarck,  or  the  L.  glaucifoliusof 
Jacquin,  and  is  inferior  in  s'ze  and  showiness  to  that 
of  the  more  lauded  L  Rusellianus,  which  flowered 
some  time  ago  in  Kew  and  had  the  same  erect,  rather 
stifiiih  habit,  with  the  shoots  terminated  by  a  huge 
solitary  flower.  The  plant  under  notice,  however,  is 
altogether  smallerandcomparable  in  habit  to  our  native 
Blackstonia  .(Chlora)  perfoliata,  with  blue  flowers, 
however,  instead  of  yellow.  The  flowers  being  all 
produced  at  the  apex  ol  the  branche--,  give  the  lower 
part  of  the  plant  a  naked  and  somewhat  leggy  appear- 
ance, a  fault  noticed  by  other  observers.  The  cordate 
or  ovate  leaves  are  opposite,  and  together  with  the 
stems  have  the  same  glaucous  appearance  as  Black- 
stonia, The  corolla  is  of  a  tint  approaching  to  the 
blue  colour  seen  in  Exacum  afline,  and  is  accordingly 
much  less  intense  than  that  of  E.  macranthum,  one  of 
the.best  ol  all  Gentianworts.  Both  the  latter  have  been 
in  excellent  condition  for  many  weeks  in  the  Begonia 
stove  at  Kew,  and  are  likely  to,  be  so  for  weeks  to 
come.  Eustoma  exaltatum  is  figured  in  the  Botanieal 
Register,  31,  13,  and  occurs  wild  in  many  parts  of 
North  America,  Mexico,  Cuba,  and  St.  Domingo. 
It  is  the  practice  to  grow  the  plant  as  a  biennial  from 
seed,  but  if  cuttings  were  taken  ofi^  early  enough  the 
plant  might  be  perpetuated  in  that  manner  just  as 
many  other  Gentianworts  are  treated,  which  are 
otherwise  often  ditti:ult  to  procure  from  home-raised 
seed.  Sandy  peat  has  been  found  a  good  medium  in 
which  to  grow  it,  watering  freely  when  fairly  into 
growth. 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.  Walter 

Vincent,  late  Head  Gardener  to  Howard  Gilliat, 
Esq,,  Cecil  Lodge,  Abbots  Langley,  Herts,  has  been 
appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Thomas  Bevan,  E=q-, 
Stone  Park,  Dartford,  Kent.— Mr.  John  Wilkfs, 
late  Gardener  to  George  Meakin,  E  q..  The 
Hayes,  Stone,  Staffordshire,  has  been  appointed 
Gardener  at  Creswell  Hall,  Stafi'ord,  Mr.  Meakin's 
present  residence.  iMr.  John  Bates,  late  Foreman 
under  Jlr.  Wilkes,  to  b;  Head  Gardener  at  The 
Hayes,  Stone.— Mr.  William  Fry,  Foreman  at 
Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  L.  C.  Salkeld,  Esq.,  Holme  Hill, 
Dalston.— Mr.  R,  Woodward,  late  of  Woodbridge 
Park,  Guildford,  Surrey,  has  been  appointed  Gar- 
dener to  H,  Micklem,  E<q.,  Rose  Hill,  Henley-on- 
Thames,  Oxon,— Mr.  C.  W.  Baynes,  late  Gardener 
to  Genet.al  McMurdock,  Rosebank,  Fulham,  as 
Gardener  to  D.  Walker,  Esq.,  Wolverton,  Becken- 
ham. 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


435 


L 


^COTCH      ]\(0TE3. 


THE  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION, 
EDINBURGH. 
The  continuous  horticultural  display  hns  been  well 
kept  up  by  Messrs.  Dickson  tS:  Co.  of  Edinburgh  ; 
Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen  ;  Dobbie  &  Co.,  Rothsay ; 
Campbell,  High  Blanlyre,  Glasgow  ;  Lamont  &  Son, 
Edinburgh  ;  and  D.  MacDaniel,  Boskoop,  Holland, 
The  last-named  exhibitor  put  up  a  limited  selection  of 
Apples  and  Pears  and  Dutch  bulbs  ;  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien,  Durandeaude  Tongres,  Beurre  Merode,  and 
Beurre  Goubalt  were  the  best  and  most  striking 
amongst  the  Pears  ;  and  Dantzfger  Kaut  Apfel,  a 
large  handsome  dessert  sort,  was  the  most  notable  of 
the  Apples. 

Messrs.  Lamont  &  Son,  in  addition  to  their  attrac- 
tive display  of  single  and  Cactus  Dahlias,  have  had 
a  very  fine  exhibit  of  choice  Gladioli,  Phloxes,  and 
other  florists'  flowers.  Mr.  Campbell  maintains  daily 
the  superior  quality  of  his  Dahlias,  Hollyhocks, 
Pansies,  Carnations,  and  Plcotees,  Messrs.  Dobbie 
&  Co.,  in  addition  to  the  specialties  recorded  in  a 
former  note,  set  up  magnificent  samples  of  their 
selected  Parsnip,  Leek,  Blood-red  Onion,  and  Parsley. 
These  are  all  very  good  in  their  way — scarcely  a  fault  or 
blemish  to  be  found  about  any  of  them.  The  Onion 
and  the  Parsley  may  be  described  as  specially  excellent. 
Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons  were  most  attractive  with 
their  massive  bank  of  Rose  blooms,  chastely  relieved 
by  elegant  small  Palras,  such  as  Kenlias  and  Cocos, 
and  Maidenhair  and  other  Ferns  in  pots.  Amongst 
their  collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  plants  very  fine 
spikes  of  Lobelia  Tupa,  a  Chilian  species  not  usually 
accounted  hardy  in  the  North,  were  seen  from  time 
to  time,  Messrs.  Cocker  find  this  distinct  and 
remarkably  handsome  plant  perfectly  hardy  with 
them. 

Messrs.  Dickson  &  Co.'s  collection  of  Apples  formed 
a  point  of  very  considerable  interest  to  the  general 
public.  Upwards  of  150  varieties  were  exhibited,  all 
of  which  were  grown  in  the  open  quarters  of  the 
firm's  nursery  at  Liberton,  near  Edinburgh.  The 
aspect  is  a  north-west  one  and  rather  exposed,  cer- 
tainly not  the  most  favourable  conditions  for  success- 
ful Apple  cultivation.  Here  Messrs.  Dickson  ^S:  Co. 
have  laid  out  a  stock  ground  with  about  300  varieties 
of  Apples  procured  from  many  sources  with  the  view 
of  testing  the  fitness  of  each  for  cultivation  in  Scot- 
land. That  the  test  is  a  severe  and  conclusive  one  is 
clearly  shown  in  the  collection  put  up  in  the  exhibi* 
tion  during  the  last  fortnight.  Many  sorts  well  known 
in  the  more  favoured  parts  of  England  are  to  be  seen 
in  the  collection  in  the  most  forbidding  condition- 
small,  hard,  green,  and  so  palpably  sour  that  the 
most  reckless  urchin  would  pass  them  by  without 
regret.  Some  of  these  would,  no  doubt  do  well  in 
Scotland  on  walls  with  a  good  warm  aspect,  but  the 
object  of  the  experiment  was  to  test  and  make  known 
to  the  public  those  varieties  that  might  be  relied  upon 
for  good  cropping  and  marketable  qualities  when 
planted  in  the  orchard  as  standards  or  in  pyramid 
and  bush  form  in  the  kitchen  garden.  Comparatively 
few  of  the  150  sorts  exhibited  appear  to  stand  this 
test  satisfactorily.  The  following  are  some  of  the 
best  as  noted  from  the  collection  :  — 

Keswick  Cod. in  (St.  George). — A  variety  of  Codlin 
from  Nottinghamshire  strongly  resembling  the  Manx 
Codlin,  but  the  fruit  is  larger  and  the  tree  is  said  to 
be  a  more  healthy  and  vigorous  grower.  Duchess  of 
Oldenburg  :  fruit  a  good  size,  but  later  and  not  so 
well  coloured  as  it  usually  is  in  the  South.  Ecklinville  : 
fine  fruit  and  one  of  the  most  reliable  in  any  situation, 
Hawthornden,  both  the  new  and  the  old  variety,  were 
fine  fruit,  but  somewhat  spotted.  Golden  Noble, 
though  smaller  than  it  is  usually  seen  in  the  South, 
was  yet  of  good  size,  clean  and  attractive.  Professor, 
a  seedling  from  Royal  Codlin,  raised  by  Messrs. 
Dickson  &  Co.,  is  a  veiy  superior  looking  early 
kitchen  Apple.  Greenup's  Pippin  has  rather  a  strong 
resemblance  to  Yorkshire  Beauty,  but  appears  to  be  a 
later  variety.  Lord  Suftield  :  this  was  in  splendid 
size  and  form,  and  some  branches  exhibited  with  the 
fruit  attached  showed  admirably  its  enormous 
cropping  qualities.  Royal  Codlin  :  very  fine. 
Messrs.  Dickson  consider  this  the  best  of 
the  Codlins  for  Scotland,  and  always  recommend  it 
when  referred  to  by  customers  for  advice  ;  Stirling 
Castle  very  good  ;  Pott's  Seedling,  fine,  but  not  up  to 
the  standard  of  size  and  quality  it  attains  in  better 


situations.  Cellini,  very  good,  but  not  so  large  as  in 
the  South  ;  Messrs.  Dickson  look  upon  this  as  a  very 
desirable  sort  for  S:otland,  though  it  is  somewhat 
liable  to  canker  where  the  subsoil  is  cold  and  unge- 
nial.  Worcester  Pearmain,  very  fair  in  qaaliiy,  but 
rather  undersized,  compared  with  southern  samples, 
and  lacking  the  high  colour  characteristic  of  the  sort, 
though  this  was  ascribed  to  the  cold  sunless  season. 
Warner's  King,  splendid  as  to  size  and  quality  ; 
King  of  Pippins,  very  hne,  and  at  Liberton  an  abun- 
dant bearer  ;  Oalin  Pippin,  comparatively  small,  but 
of  choice  quality,  bears  fairly  well  in  the  open  ground, 
but  would,  no  doubf,  be  much  better  from  wall  trees 
on  which  it  is  usually  grown  in  Scotland  ;  Grenadier, 
handsome,  and  of  good  size  ;  Messrs.  Dicksons  say 
this  promises  to  be  one  of  the  very  best.  Early 
Julien  does  well  evidently  at  Liberton,  the  samples 
being  good  ;  Ringer,  good  samples,  said  to  bear 
profusely  at  Liberton  ;  Brown's  Summer  Beauty, 
a  very  attractive  medium-sized  Apple,  said  to 
bear  well  ;  Small's  Admirable,  a  handsome  Apple 
of  good  size  ;  Summer  Strawberry,  very  pretty 
and  attractive,  an4  said  to  be  very  prolific. 
Robert  Black  :  this  is  given  as  a  provisional  name 
to  one  of  the  most  notable  Apples  in  the  collec- 
tion. Its  history  is  not  known  to  Messrs.  Dickson, 
and  though  samples  have  been  submitted  to  leading 
authorities  they  have  failed  to  identify  it.  It  is  a 
beautiful  early  yellow  Apple,  of  considerable  size  and 
handsome  shape,  and  is  said  to  be  a  free  bearer. 
Jacques  Lebel,  a  large  handsome  fruit,  and  said  to  be 
a  valuable  iate  sort  ;  Lord  Grosvenor,  very  good 
samples,  and  the  sort  is  regarded  as  a  promising  one 
for  extended  cultivation  in  Scotland  ;  Irish  Peach, 
fair  samples — this  is  regarded  as  by  far  the  best 
early  dessert  Apple  for  Scotland  ;  Court  of  Wick, 
small  as  compared  with  southern  samples,  yet  good 
and  desirable  ;  Dredge's  Fame,  of  medium  size,  but 
handsome,  and  said  to  be  a  good  and  reliable  bearer. 
It  is  not  implied  that  the  foregoing  selection  com- 
prises all  that  were  worthy  of  being  noted  in  the  col- 
lection, they  are  merely  the  more  notable  of  those  that 
do  well  in  the  severe  conditions  under  which  they 
have  been  tested.  There  were  many  others  that  were 
above  ordinary  merit,  and  many  which  in  more 
favoured  localities  in  Scotland,  are  known  to  be  of 
first-rate  quality  and  altogether  desirable.     X, 


THE   FERNS   OF  THE  ALPS. 

We  have  in  the  chain  of  the  Alps  a  certain  number 
of  interesting  Ferns  whose  culture  would  not  be 
attended  with  any  difticulty,  especially  in  a  damp 
climate  like  that  of  Knglanti.  I  have  for  the  most 
part  raised  them  from  spores  in  the  Jardin  Aipin 
d'Acclimatation.  These  Ferns  may  be,  from  a  cul- 
tural point  of  view,  divided  into  two  sections — the 
purely  terrestrial  species,  which  grow  in  and  cover  the 
soil  of  the  forests  and  coppices,  and  the  rock  species 
which  belong  to  the  rocky  regions.  The  first  group 
is  met  with  more  particularly  in  the  wooded  or 
mountainous  regions ;  the  second  in  the  higher 
zones.  Terrestrial  species  are,  however,  found  in  the 
high  regions  and  vice  vcrsA. 

Botrychinm  vir^inianttm^  Eastern  Switzerland, 
Bavaria,  Tyrol  ;  B.  simpkx,  Eogelberg  ;  B.  ruta- 
foUwn,  Bormio,  Chamounix  ;  B.  lanceolatunt,  in  the 
Upper  Engadine,  near  Pontresina  (Boissier's  herba- 
rium, in  a  manuscript  note  of  Milde) ;  and  lastly, 
B,  Lunaria,  common  in  all  the  high  regions  of  the 
alpine  chain,  are  six  perfectly  distinct  species  of  one 
genus,  all  very  in'eresting,  and  of  easy  cultivation. 
They  are  essentially  terrestrial,  requiring  a  deep, 
rather  light  soil,  slightly  peaty,  and  moist.  Thsy  all 
prefer  sun  to  shade,  but  do  not  like  to  be  too  dry.  In 
order  to  have  them  as  fine  plants  they  must  be  planted 
rather  deeply  in  ground  covered  with  turf  and  rich 
in  humus.  The  most  beautiful  of  these  species,  to 
my  mind,  is  11  rut:efolium,  the  rarest  B.  Kiaceolatum, 
which  I  have  not  yet  cultivated  like  the  rest.  B. 
L'lnaria  is  the  commonest  of  all,  and  is  also  the  most 
easy  to  raise.  It  is  quite  a  simple  matter  to  grow  it 
from  spores.  I  have  found  it  on  the  summit  of  the 
Pointe  du  Plan,  in  Savoy — large  forms,  of  a  height 
of  9  inches,  more  or  less. 

Xothocht,;na  A/arantcc  (Gymnograrama  Maranlo;) 
is  not,  strictly  speaking,  an  alpine  species  ;  it  grows 
on  walls  in  the  low  regions  of  Tessin,  in  Valteline, 
and  in  the  valleys  of  Aosta  :  it  is  essentially  a  rock- 
loving  species,  and  requires  a  warm  and  moist  situa- 
tion. Its  foliage  is  stiff,  but  at  the  same  time  elegant, 
and  the  frtjads  are  of  a  red-brown  colour  beneath. 


It  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  Ferns  of  Northern 
Italy. 

AlUvorus  crispus  (Cryptogramma  crispa)  of  the 
high  granitic  Alps  at  an  altitude  of  from  6500  to 
Sooo  feet.  This  charming  little  Fern  is  met  with  on 
the  stones  of  the  Alps,  which  it  enlivens  by  iis 
presence  when  all  around  it  is  dead  and  withered. 
Only  this  summer  I  have  seen  it  but  a  few  steps  from 
the  Hotel  Weisshorn-Anniviers,  in  the  rubliish  of 
granitic  rocks  which  possessed  no  other  vegetat-le  life 
than  it  except  lichens.  It  is  one  of  the  prettiest 
alpine  Ferns  j  it  has,  like  Osmundas  and  Ophioglos- 
sums,  both  fertile  and  sterile  fronds.  The  sterile 
fronds  spread  themselves  on  the  ground,  and  are 
wonderfully  graceful,  while  the  fertile  fronds  are  stiff, 
and  stand  erect  in  the  centre  of  the  others  above 
which  they  project.  It  is  a  purely  rock  plant,  and  a 
granite-loving  one.  Under  cultivation  it  assumes  a 
much  finer  appearance  when  it  is  planted  deeply  in 
the  debris  of  crystalline  rocks  ;  it  also  likes  a  sunny 
exposure. 

Blechnum  spicant  is  found  chiefly  in  the  woody  and 
mountainous  region.  Its  leafage  is  stiff,  of  a  sombre 
and  glossy  green  colour,  and  it  is  very  decorative,  at 
least,  as  far  as  its  sterile  fronds  are  concerned.  As 
to  the  fertile  ones  they  are  stiff,  not  very  graceful, 
and  much  narrower.  This  is  a  terrestrial  plant,  liking 
shade,  a  light  soil,  rich  in  humus,  and  rather  more 
dry  than  wet. 

AspUnitvn  sepUntrionalc,  HotVm.,  is  a  plant  be- 
longing to  the  granitic  rocks  and  erratic  boulders.  It 
is  a  native  of  the  sub-alpine  zone,  and  will  hardly 
grow  at  a  greater  elevation  than  5000  feet,  but,  all 
the  same,  it  is  sometimes  found  in  the  plains  attached 
to  erratic  boulders.  lias  it  been  maintained  on 
these  rocks  (*hich  are  sometimes  met  with  at 
enormous  distances  from  the  place  where  the 
Asplenium  grows)  since  the  time  when  they 
were  transported,  perhaps  by  glaciers,  or  by 
landslips  from  the  heights  down  to  the  lower  levels, 
or,  has  it  been  introduced  by  means  of  its  spores, 
which  certainly  float  about  in  the  air  to  great  dis- 
tances ?  It  is  a  question.  A  very  interesting  fact 
has  just  been  made  known  at  a  meeting  of  the  "  So- 
cicle  Helvdtique  des  Sciences  Naturelles,"  by  Pro- 
fessor Forel,  of  Morges.  The  learned  Professor  has 
been  exploring,  for  several  years,  the  waters  of  the  Lake 
of  Geneva;  he  has  even  made  a  very  curious  map  of  the 
depths  of  our  lake.  When  sounding  at  Vvoire,  the 
Professor  got  from  the  bottom  of  the  lake,  at  a  depth 
of  about  500  feet,  on  a  glacial  moraine  beneath  the 
surface  of  the  lake,  some  little  calcareous  pebbles  on 
which  he  has  demonstrated  the  presence  of  mosses. 
M'jss  at  this  depth  seemed  to  him  to  be  extra- 
ordinary, and  he  had  the  species  determined  by  Pro- 
fessor Schnetzler,  of  Lausanne,  who  has  referred  it  to 
Thamnium  Alopecurum  of  Schimper,  a  terrestrial 
species  growmg  on  damp  rocks.  This  species  was 
probably  fixed  on  the  rocks  at  the  time  of  the  glacial 
period  and  was  held  fast  and  maintained  there  during 
their  breaking  up  and  melting.  It  has  remained  at 
the  bottom  of  the  lake,  and,  little  by  little,  has 
habituated  itself  to  its  new  conditions  ;  there  it  has 
sustained  itself,  probably  reproducing  itself  by 
spores,  although  as  yet  there  is  no  proof  of 
that,  and  it  has  produced  the  form  called  by 
Schnetzler  Bocioni.  This  determination  has  been 
confirmed  by  the  celebrated  bryologist,  Limpricht, 
of  Breslau.  It  need  not,  then,  astonish  us  that  A. 
septentrionale,  which  decorates  the  erratic  boulders  of 
our  plains,  should  have  accompanied  the  Jcl'ris  of  the 
granitic  mountains  in  their  course,  and  have  been  able 
to  exist  on  them  up  to  the  present  time.  How  can  we 
otherwise  explain  the  fact  that  A.  septentrionale  is 
found  on  the  erratic  boulders  of  the  Jura,  a  district 
essentially  of  limestone,  especially  when  it  is  known 
how  far  apart  are  these  two  chains  of  mounla'ns? 
This  species  is  very  characteristic  ;  its  fronds  are 
elongated,  slender,  linear,  having  only  from  two  to 
four  segments,  sometimes  incised  at  the  summit ;  it  is 
decidedly  rock  loving,  and  likes  the  sun.  It  succeeds 
admirably  in  the  chinks  of  walls. 

A.  viride  appears  to  be  merely  an  alpine  form  of 
A.  trichomanes.  A.  viride  is,  however,  a  distinct 
and  real  species,  distinctly  characterised  by  the  green 
colour  of  its  rachis,  by  its  herbaceous  habit,  not 
winged,  its  segments  having  short  petiolules  and 
more  deeply  crenate  than  in  A.  trichomanes  ;  it  likes 
shade  and  moisture,  and  a  limestone  soil  mixed  with 
a  quantity  of  humus, 

A.  germanicum  (A.  Breynii). — The  Alps  of  Eastern 
Switzerland   and   of  Tyrol.      Some   botanists   think 


436 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[DcTOEER    i,    1886 


ihat  A.  getmanicum  is  only  a  hybrid  between  A. 
ttichomanes  and  A.  septenttionale.  I  ought  to 
acknowledge  Ihat,  until  the  contrary  is  proved,  I 
am  inclined  to  that  idea,  for  I  have  never  seen  A. 
germanicum  in  fructification,  and  I  have  nm  had  the 
oppcrtunity  of  growing  it.  It  any  of  my  readers 
could  send  me  any  information  on  this  subject  it 
would  be  received  with  many  thanks.  A.  germani- 
cum is  nearly  always  found  in  company  with  A. 
trichomanes  and  A.  septentrionale,  and  in  granitic 
rocks.  Its  cultivation  is  the  same  as  that  of  A.  sep- 
tentrionale. 

A.  fontanum  (A.  Halleri  var.  pedicularifolium).— 
Eastern  and  Southern  Switzerland,  Tyrol,  in  lime- 
stone rocks,  Jura,  and  Saldve,  near  Ceneva.  A  very 
pretty  species,  with  tinely  and  delicately  cut  fronds. 
The  plant  should  be  grown  in  the  shade,  in  a  stony 
soil,  or  in  the  chinks  of  old  walls. 

A.  adiantum  nigrum. — A  rather  rare  plant  of  the 
sub-alpine  and  mountainous  region.  Leaves  8  to  12 
inches  in  length,  rachis  dark  brown.  The  general 
colour  of  the  plant  is  dark  green,  and  very  glossy.  It 
likes  a  light  porous  soil,  mixed  with  a  few  stones, 
and  a  warm  though  shaded  situation. 

A.  Seclosii.—K  rare  plant  of  the  high  dolomite 
mountains  (Tyrol),  at  an  altitude  of  more  than  6500 
feet.  Fronds  of  three  segments  almost  triangular, 
and  but  slightly  developed,  a  rock  plant,  liking  the 
sun  and  moisture. 

Athyrium  ihceliaim.—Ol  the  lower  Alps  and  Jura. 
A  graceful  plant,  very  tinely  cut,  and  showing  much 
analogy  to  A.  Filix-fcemina,  from  which  it  is  only  dis- 
tinguished by  a  very  small  indusium,  visible  only  in 
its  very  young  state.  A  terrestrial  plant,  which  wants 
a  light  and  deep  soil  and  a  shaded  situation.  Its 
foliage  is  caducous. 

AspiJium  lonchitis. — Alps  and  Jura,  in  the  lime- 
stone regions  ;  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the 
Ferns  of  our  part  of  Switzerland.  Its  aspect  is  truly 
noble  and  royal,  and  is  very  effective  in  our  gardens. 
It  likes  a  light  peaty  soil,  and  a  cool  and  shady  spot. 
Its  foliage  is  permanent  in  winter. 

A.  lobatuni  is  one  of  our  most  beautiful  species, 
which  should  be  grown  in  every  garden.  Its 
leafage,  which  lasts  through  winter,  is  of  a  very 
dark  glossy  green  ;  it  is  a  fine  noble  plant,  of  great 
beauty.  This  and  the  preceding  species  are  the  plants 
which,  par  excellence,  are  used  by  the  ladies  of  Geneva 
to  decorate  their  houses.  Unfortunately  both  these 
plants  are  likely  to  disappear  from  our  country,  on 
account  of  their  being  hunted  after  in  winter  for 
decorative  purposes.  No  longer  can  a  single  speci- 
men be  found  on  the  mountain  of  Vonache,  where 
formerly  it  abounded.  It  is  strongly  to  be  wished 
that  people  who  decorate  their  rooms  with  Ferns  and 
then  throw  them  into  the  street  as  soon  as  they  are 
over,  would  replace  the  plants  by  cut  fronds  with  no 
roots  stuck  in  wet  moss  ;  they  sometimes  last  as  long 
as  the  plants  do.  The  Association  for  the  Protection 
of  Alpine  Plants  has  taken  these  two  plants  under  its 
special  protection.  A.  lobatum  is  cultivated  in  the 
same  way  as  A.  Lonchitis. 

A,  annulare  comes  very  near  to  the  preceding 
species,  but  is  distinguished  by  the  softer  texture  of 
its  leave?,  by  its  less  acuminate  segments,  and  by 
being  strongly  attenuate  at  the  base.  It  is  a  rare 
plant  of  the  Bernese  Oberland  and  Tessin.  For 
culture,  see  A.  lonchitis. 

A.  risii/uin  is  found  in  the  calcareous  rubbish  of 
the  Alps  and  Jura.  The  fronds  are  stiff,  upright,  and 
closely  crowded.  It  is  of  greyish-green  colour,  and 
is  caducous ;  it  likes  very  rocky  soil  and  a  sunny 
exposure. 

A.  spimdosum  is  a  plant  belonging  to  the  moun- 
tainous region.  It  is  stately,  with  very  broad  and 
reflexed  fronds,  and  is  very  elegant  in  appearance.  It 
is  a  terrestrial  species,  liking  shade. 

A.  dtlatatiim  is  a  variety  of  the  preceding 
species,  with  broader  and  more  spreading  fronds, 
and  the  scales  on  the  rachis  are  of  a  very  dark 
brown.  It  grows  under  the  same  conditions  as  the 
preceding. 

Fhegopleris  folypodioidcs  and  P.  Dryopleris  are  two 
very  elegant  species,  which  are  found  in  the  limestone 
debris  of  the  Alps  and  of  Jura.  P.  Dryopleris 
especially  is  pretty  and  graceful.  The  appearance  of 
both  is  elegant,  and  their  cultivation  easy.  They 
prefer  a  very  rocky  soil,  a  shaded  but  not  too  moist 
position. 

CystopUris  montana, —  Rocky  and  mossy  retreats  of 
the  Alps,  the  lower  Alps,  and  the  Southern  Jura.  It 
greatly  resembles  P.  Dryopleris,  with  which  it  is  often 


confounded.  It  likes  the  same  conditions  as  the 
Phegopteris. 

C.  alpina  (C.  regia).— Alps  and  Lower  Alps  (Dole 
in  the  Jura).  A  very  graceful  species,  greatly 
resembling  C.  fragilis,  from  which  it  differs  by  the 
teeth  of  the  segments  being  notched  and  by  the  nerves 
which  end  in  these  notches.  A  truly  rock  species, 
liking  moisture  and  shade. 

H'oodsia  glabella,  of  Southern  Tyrol ;  W.  hyperborea, 
of  Eastern  Switzerland  and  of  Tyrol,  at  a  higher 
elevation  than  6500  feet  ;  and  W.  Ilvensis,  a  very 
rare  plant  of  Eastern  Switzerland  and  of  Tyrol,  are 
three  very  pretty,  very  graceful  and  remarkable 
species,  which  are  rarely  cultivated  in  our  gardens. 
They  are  among  the  smallest  of  the  Ferns,  but  these 
charming  little  plants  are,  however,  among  the 
prettiest.  All  three  belong  to  the  granitic  flora,  and 
are  only  found  in  clefts  of  rocks  or  between  blocks  of 
stony  refuse.  They  like  a  very  stony  soil,  a  little 
humus,  and  a  rather  moist  sunny  exposure.  H. 
Corrcvon,  Director  of  the  Jardin  Alpin  d'Acchmata- 
tion.  Geneva. 


FOREIGN    NOTES. 

Vegetable  Products  in  Tt;Nis  and  Tripoli. 
— Dundee,  it  seems,  has  ceased  to  have  the  entire 
monopoly  of  the  trade  in  jute.  In  a  report  from 
Tunis  it  is  said  that  the  jute  sacks  required  for  its 
grain  export  are  no  longer  drawn  from  the  Scotch 
town,  but  are  now  purchased  second-hand  from 
Belgium  for  4./.  each,  instead  of  %d.  or  cjd.  as  formerly. 
The  large  shipments  of  grain  from  India  put  at  the 
disposal  of  European  importers  huge  quantities  of 
these  sacks,  and  last  year  200,000  were  imported  into 
Tunis  at  half  the  prices  formerly  paid.  Olive  oil  is 
of  course  the  most  important  article  of  export  from 
Tunis,  though  there  was  a  considerable  falling  off 
last  year.  The  quality  of  the  oil  is  inferior  to  that 
of  Italy  and  Spain,  but  superior  to  that  from  Morocco 
and  the  Levant.  By  far  the  greater  portion  comes 
from  the  district  of  Susa,  and  Italy  and  France  were 
last  year  the  largest  buyers.  Besides  olive  oil  there 
is  a  large  export  of  olive  refuse,  which  is  what  remains 
of  the  berry  after  undergoing  the  imperfect  pressing 
in  vogue  among  the  Arabs.  By  hydraulic  pressure  a 
considerable  quantity  of  oil  can  be  extracted  from  this 
refuse,  which  is  worked  up  into  soap,  and  utilised  in 
other  ways.  A  factory  for  squeezing  this  refuse  has 
just  been  set  up  at  Susa  by  a  French  capitalist,  which 
promises  to  be  a  financial  success.  While  grain  has 
been  freed  from  the  export  duties  which  formerly 
fettered  the  trade,  olive  oil  is  still  subjected  to  a  duty 
of  £t)  per  tun,  which  is  a  direct  discouragement  to 
agriculture. 

The  export  of  Esparto-grass  or  Alfa,  as  it  is  locally 
termed,  has  been  more  active  during  the  past  year. 
This  valuable  fibre,  nine-tenths  of  which  is  shipped  to 
the  United  Kingdom  for  paper  making,  affords  a  live- 
lihood to  the  Bedouin  Arabs,  who  load  their  camels 
with  it  and  bring  it  a  distance  of  100  miles  from  the 
interior.  The  Government  has  not  relieved  it  from 
the  oppressive  duty  which  for  the  last  nine  years  has 
weighed  upon  it,  amounting  in  the  northern  districts 
of  the  Regency  to  lis.  6d.  a  ton,  and  to  171.  further 
north  at  Susa.  The  largest  shipments  take  place  from 
Sfax.  The  Alfa  from  Susa  commands  somewhat 
higher  prices  than  that  farther  south.  The  unusually 
large  quantity  of  the  fibre  which  wai  exported  from 
the  Regency  in  iSSi  was  owing  to  a  failure  of  the 
grain  crops  in  the  south,  which  drove  the  Arabs  to 
Esparto  plucking  as  the  almost  sole  means  of  obtain- 
ing a  livelihood.  In  18S2  the  Arab  tribes  in  the 
south  fled  over  the  border  to  Tripoli  to  avoid  the 
French,  and  that  year  showed  the  lowest  point  to 
which  the  export  of  this  grass  has  sunk.  In  1SS3 
shipments  of  Esparto  began  to  be  made  from  another 
little  port  to  the  south  of  Sfax,  called  Skira,  which 
would  under  ordinary  circumstances  have  found  an 
exit  at  Sfax.  Skira  has  been  selected  as  the  the  port 
of  exportation  by  the  Franco- English  Esparto  Com- 
pany, which  has  obtained  a  concession  to  export  that 
fibre  from  a  certain  district  inland  from  Sfax,  and 
which  began  its  operation  in  1SS3. 

From  Tripoli  it  is  stated  that  business  in  Esparto, 
which  had  become  very  slack  in  1SS4,  had  so  far 
recovered  itself  as  again  to  be  in  the  position  it 
occupied  in  more  prosperous  years.  Notwithstanding 
the  low  range  of  prices — 10^.  to  \^i.  per  ton  below 
the  usual  rates  of  the  last  two  years — the  supply  of 
this  fibre  has  not  diminished,  but  flowed  steadily  into 
market  in  even  greater  quantities  than  before.     The 


quality  of  the  grass  is  better,  as  would  appear  from 
the  general  satisfaction  it  has  given  in  England  ;  and 
it  is  anticipated  that  both  the  quality  and  quantity 
in  18S6  will  be  above  the  average.  Freights  for 
Esparto  kept  low,  ranging  from  gj.  to  12s.  the  ton 
for  hydraulic  pressed  bales,  and  from  i6j.  to  20j. 
for  those  mechanically  pressed. 

Products  of  New  Caledonia. 

The  following  notes  on  the  products  of  New  Cale- 
donia are  from  a  recently  issued  report  by  Consul 
Layard.  Under  the  head  of  sugar,  he  says  this 
article  is  chiefly  grown  by  the  Government  by  the  aid 
of  convict  labour  on  the  plantations  of  Koe  and 
Nemba,  and  at  the  convict  post  of  Bouril,  all  situated 
on  the  west  coast.  About  300  tons  per  annum  are 
produced,  but  the  fabrication  of  rum,  to  be  used  for 
convict  rations,  is  the  chief  object.  The  sugar  is  not 
refined.  The  locust  pest,  which  in  past  years  was 
the  great  drawback  to  this  industry,  has  not  reap- 
peared for  the  last  two  years  ;  nevertheless  private 
enterprise  has  not  ventured  to  resume  the  cultivation 
of  the  cane.  Lucerne  also  grows  freely  and  yields 
a  good  return.  Hitherto  the  chief  supply  has  been 
from  the  Australian  markets,  but  the  Conseil-General 
recently  placed  a  tax  of  3  francs  {2s.  6d.)  per  loo  kilos, 
on  this,  straw.  Oat  hay,  and  all  other  forage  in  order 
to  encourage  and  protect  the  growth  of  native 
produce. 

Tobacco  has  been  grown  in  large  quantities  about 
Ourail  and  Moindow  on  the  west  coast,  but  the 
supply  has  rather  fallen  off  of  late.  It  is  of  very 
superior  quality,  and  is  chiefly  used  up  in  the  country, 
but  it  is  an  industry  that  might  be  much  extended. 

Banana  cultivation  should  be  a  paying  business 
seeing  that  it  grows  well  in  New  Caledonia,  and 
always  finds  a  ready  market  in  Sydney,  where  vast 
quantities  are  consumed.  From  its  geographical 
position,  Noumea  being  half  the  distance  from 
Sydney  compared  to  Fiji,  should  command  the 
market,  and  yet  what  are  the  facts  ?  Every  steamer 
in  the  bi-monthly  service  between  Sydney  and  Fiji, 
carried  on  by  the  Australian  Steam  Navigation  Com- 
pany, brings  from  10,000  to  20,000  bunches  of  fine 
fruit,  each  of  which  pays  Is.  freight,  an  average  of 
i5,oooj.  This  amounts  to  ;ri75o,  which,  multiplied 
by  24,  the  number  of  bi-monthly  trips,  gives 
.£18,000  for  freight  alone.  The  value  of  the  whole 
of  the  fruit  exported  from  the  colony  during  the  last 
year  amounted  to  only  1030  francs,  or  £41  4s. 


IMPROVEMENT  OF  PEAS  AND 
OTHER   PLANTS. 

In  the  trial  grounds  of  a  well  known  firm  of  seeds- 
men there  were  growing  in  the  summer  167  varieties 
of  garden  Peas  which  were  sown  side  by  side,  so 
that  the  merits  of  different  sorts  might  be  tested  by 
comparison.  It  is  by  such  experiments  as  these  that 
improvements  are  secured,  and  the  Ringleaders, 
Alphas,  and  other  Peas  perfect  of  their  kind,  deve- 
loped. A  useful  modification  of  this  particular  vege- 
table which  is  now  in  progress  is  the  diminution  of 
the  haulm  of  the  taller  sorts.  The  value  of  a  Pea 
depends  on  the  character  of  its  pods  and  the  seed 
contained  in  them,  and  the  height  of  some  of  the  tall 
growing  sorts  is  obviously  a  disadvantage.  The  firm 
in  question  therefore  have  set  themselves  the  task  of 
reducing  the  height  of  the  crop  without  diminishing  the 
number  of  pods.  They  employ  their  own  hybridisers 
in  the  prosecution  of  this  task,  but  like  all  others  in 
the  trade  who  undertake  improvements  of  any  kind 
they  avail  themselves  of  the  labours  of  amateurs. 
There  are  enthusiasts  and  experts  in  every  branch  of 
plant  improvement  who  devote  their  attention  to  a 
few,  or  perhaps  to  only  one  subject,  and  who  attain 
such  success  as  the  professional  experts  employed  by 
the  various  firms  could  hardly  expect  to  accomplish, 
their  attention  being  generally  too  much  divided. 
It  has  happened,  therefore,  that  the  most  noted  breeders 
of  fruits,  flowers,  and  vegetables  have  been  amateurs, 
and  in  the  case  of  the  Pea  the  most  skilful  manipula- 
tor who  has  outstripped  all  rivals  in  the  work  of 
improvement  is  a  lady.  By  the  magic  of  the  various 
methods  known  to  those  who  practise  cross-breeding 
and  selection,  she  has  altered  the  Pea  at  will,  both 
in  reducing  the  superabundance  of  the  haulm  and  also 
by  enlarging  the  pods  and  seeds. 

It  can  easily  be  imagined  that  a  breeder  of  plants 
will  desire,  like  an  author  of  books,  wide  publication 
or  distribution,  and  as  he  cannot   be  his  own  adver- 


OcrriBER  2    1886  J 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


437 


tiser,  on  account  of  the  expense,  he  leaves  this  special 
business  in  the  abler  hands  of  one  of  the  great  firms 
of  seedsmen.  This  explains  the  large  number  of 
Peas  in  the  collection  just  referred  to.  The  firm 
we  have  in  view  employ  their  own  hybridiscrs  in 
various  departments,  but  they  are  always  anxious  to 
acquire  the  best  of  everything  by  whomsoever  it  may 
be  originated,  and  from  one  source  or  another  they 
have  become  the  possessors  of  from  thirty  to  forty 
sorts  of  crosS'bred  Peas  of  recent  date.  These  have, 
in  fact,  been  raised  during  the  past  three  or  four  years, 
and  all  of  them  were  grown  last  summer  in  the  trial 
grounds,  and  subjected  to  a  searching  examination. 

Among  them  is  a  sugary  Pea  of  great  merit,  which 
grew  side  by  side  with  the  Duke  of  Albany,  which 
is  a  good  "  all  round  "  Pea,  of  excellent  quality,  and 
profitable  for  market.  But  the  sugary  Pea  is  not  a 
productive  kind.  It  is  exquisite  in  flavour,  but  the 
haulm  is  deficient,  and  the  pods  and  seeds  are  small, 
so  that  this  incomparable  Pea  on  the  table  is  unfor- 
tunately a  shy  bearer  and  therefore  unprofitable. 

In  the  improvement  of  such  a  variety  by  the 
increase  of  the  haulm  and  enlargement  of  the  seeds, 
without  loss  of  flavour,  the  breeder  finds  his  oppor- 
tunity, and  when  we  consider  that  the  marrowfat 
tribe  have  in  some  cases  been  reduced  from  7  feet  in 
stature  to  the  much  more  convenient  height  of  between 
2  and  3  feet  without  any  diminution  of  the  size  of  the 
seeds  and  the  yield  of  the  crop,  we  may  hope  that  the 
sugary  dwarf  will  be  enlarged  and  rendered  more  pro- 
ductive without  loss  of  quality. 

In  passing  along  the  rows,  several  sorts  claimed 
notice,  such  as  the  little  early  Pea  Bijou,  which 
does  not  exceed  18  inches  in  stature,  and  the  still 
more  dwarfish  American  Wonder.  By  cross- 
breeding  with  such  varieties  as  these  the  giants  of 
the  Pea  tribe  may  be  readily  reduced  to  a  moderate 
size,  for  if  you  cross  a  "  first  early  "  Pea  with  a  tall 
late  marrowfat,  you  will  naturally  be  landed  between 
two  extremities  both  in  regard  to  superabundant 
haulm  and  to  the  size  of  the  pods  ;  and  perhaps  the 
reduction  of  the  size  of  the  pods  may  cause  them  to 
be  better  filled  and  more  numerous  and  productive  as 
they  are  in  some  of  the  most  prolific  sorts  whose  pods 
hang  invariably  in  pairs  and  almost  break  down  the 
stems  that  bear  them. 

Many  of  the  diversities  we  observe  in  different 
varieties  of  garden  plants— both  fiuits,  flowers,  and 
vegetables — are  entirely  due  to  the  skill  of  breeders 
and  selectors  in  availing  themselves  of  a  universal  law 
of  Nature.  They  have  observ'ed  what  Mr.  Darwin 
calls  the  "slight  diff.;rences  "  between  individuals 
and  turned  them  to  account  in  the  artful  moulding  of 
a  new  variety.  We  need  not  confine  ourselves  to 
culinary  plants.  The  history  of  the  Fuchsia  aftords 
as  good  an  example  of  the  results  of  cross-breeding  as 
that  of  the  Pea.  About  half  a  century  ago  the  only 
Fuchsia  familiar  to  gardeners  was  F.  coccinea,  an 
old  sort,  which  is  still  common  in  the  gardens  of  farm- 
houses and  cottages,  in  the  southern  counties.  About 
sixty  years  ago  new  varieties  of  this  flower  were  re- 
ceived from  the  seaboard  of  the  Pacific,  where  the 
genus  is  very  widely  distributed. 

The  well-known  Fuchsia  fulgens  of  our  green- 
houses, with  exquisite  long  tubed  flowers,  is  one 
of  these,  and  another  is  the  splendid  Fuchsia  Ric- 
cartoni,  a  hardy  specimen,  whose  great  bushes 
flourish  in  the  West  of  England  and  in  Scotland. 
Many  persons  must  be  familiar  with  Fuchsia  corymbi- 
flora,  introduced  by  Messrs.  Standish  from  Peru,  a 
conservatory  plant  which  is  sometimes  moved  out-of- 
doors  in  summer  when  its  long  and  waxen  corymb  of 
flowers  impart  a  tropical  aspect  to  the  garden. 

These  are  varied  sorts,  but  the  Fuchsias  of  the  pre- 
sent day  are  unnumbered,  and  they  have  been  pro- 
duced by  the  skill  of  the  same  class  of  experts  who 
have  modified  most  of  the  cultivated  plants  in  turn, 
amateur  and  professional  hybridisers  and  cross  fer- 
tilisers. 

The  seed  of  a  superior  hybridised  Fuchsia  has  been 
sold  at  the  rate  of  50  guineas  an  ounce,  though  no 
one  ever  possessed  an  ounce  of  such  seed,  the  yield 
of  an  "  improved  "  plant  being  in  inverse  ratio  to  the 
monstrosity  of  the  blossoms,  for  artificial  modification 
is  usually  the  reverse  of  that  natural  modification 
which  sustains  a  plant  in  its  struggle  for  existence  ; 
and  the  more  highly  plants  are  bred,  the  greater  the 
disturbance  of  the  reproductive  system,  and  the 
greater  the  tendency  to  modification  in  their  seedlings. 
Our  modern  flowers  are  not  like  the  old  ones,  and 
the  gardens  of  the  last  century  wore  raiments  widely 
different  from  those  of  to-day.  We  have  shown  how  the 


Fuchsia  has  been  changed  and  its  forms  multiplied 
within  a  short  period,  and  those  who  have  not  given 
much  attention  to  this  subject  would  be  surprised  at 
the  number  of  flowers  of  which  a  similar  story  might 
be  told.  Most  persons  know  the  Antirrhinum  or 
Snapdragon,  but  the  "  good  old-fashioned  "  English 
flower  known  by  that  name  will  hardly  be  found  now 
except  in  old-fashioned  gardens.  An  eminent  florist 
has  preserved  a  plant  of  the  old  sort,  for  the  sake  of 
comparing  it  with  the  modern  forms  which  owe  their 
smart  appearance  to  the  arts  practised  on  this  and 
other  flowers  by  himself.  His  unimproved  specimen 
of  this  plant  is  a  rampant  str.iggler,  with  few  blos- 
soms—the Snapdragon  of  our  boyhood,  well  adapted 
for  large  flower-beds,  or  a  front  position  in  shrub- 
beries, where  it  might  do  battle  with  the  Foxglove 
and  the  Phlox,  or  the  Michaelmas  Daisy.  Modern 
Antirrhinums,  on  the  contrary,  consist  of  several 
"sections"— dwarf,  intermediate,  and  tall,  ranging 
from  I  to  2  feet  in  height,  all  of  them  having  a 
compact  habit,  with  many  distinct  colours  in  each 
section. 

It  would  be  a  long  story  to  relate  the  modifications 
of  each  particular  florist's  flower,  and  it  seems  need- 
less to  do  so,  since  the  same  process  of  selection,  with 
or  without  cross-breeding,  has  been  applied  to  each 
one  of  them.  Among  the  much  changed  plants  are 
China  Asters.  Some  plants  are  far  more  stubborn  than 
others,  but  it  is  no  wonder  if  Asters  readily  become 
mutable,  considering  the  predisposition  to  change 
which  repeated  acts  of  cross-breeding  invariably  intro- 
duced by  occasioning  a  mixture  of  breed  and  such  a 
varied  parentage  that  none  can  tell  what  freak  of 
reversion  a  seedling  may  display.  The  Aster  is  one 
of  those  popular  flowers  which  has  been  coddled  by 
florists  with  wonderful  solicitude.  We  examined 
half  an  acre  of  them  growing  last  summer  in  a  series 
of  beds.  Among  the  varieties  were  the  Asters,  known 
as  Chrysanthemum-flowered,  Pieony-flowered,  having 
the  petals  curved  inwards,  the  pyramidal  section,  and 
some  wonderful  dwarfs  not  more  than  7  inches  high, 
and  most  profuse  in  the  number  of  their  blossoms. 

As  a  rule.  Aster  seed  is  grown  abroad,  but  an 
eminent  firm  of  seedsmen  are  making  an  attempt  to 
deprive  foreign  countries  of  the  monopoly  by  produc- 
ing it  in  England,  their  immediate  object  being  the 
improvement  of  the  flower,  since  the  blossoms  of 
home-grown  seed  have  proved  both  brighter  and  more 
durable  than  those  from  German  seed.  The  growth 
of  Aster  seed,  even  in  our  driest  district,  requires 
special  care  owing  to  the  damp  weather  of  autumn, 
which  sometimes  rots  the  blossom  of  this  late  ripen- 
ing seed  crop.  The  blossom  may  be  saved,  however, 
by  protecting  the  beds  with  a  light  roof  covered  with 
some  such  material  as  Willesden  paper,  to  prevent 
the  ball  of  petals  from  becoming  soaked  by  rain. 
With  this  reference  to  an  incidental  method  of  im- 
provement, we  conclude  without  having  by  any 
means  completed  what  is  in  fact  a  "  story  without  an 
end."  H.  E. 


POMPON    DAHLIAS. 

I  HAVE  heard  it  remarked  on  several  occasions  of 
late  that  the  pompon  bouquet  or  Lilliputian  Dahlias 
are  taking  the  place  of  the  single  variettes.  That  the 
last-named  are  being  cultivated  much  less  than  they 
were  two  or  three  years  ago  there  can  be  no  doubt  ; 
the  flower-loving  appear  to  be  tiring  of  them.  I  do 
not  wonder  at  it.  New  varieties  have  been  raised, 
regard  being  paid  only  to  the  flowers,  and  nothing 
to  the  habit  of  growth,  consequently  those  who 
purchased  them  found  not  a  few  to  be  of  very  tall 
growth,  taking  up  a  great  deal  of  room,  and  hardly 
repaying  the  labour  and  trouble  bestowed  upon  them. 
A  few  days  ago  I  looked  through  the  collection  of 
single  Dahlias  grown  at  Slough  ;  they  had  been 
planted  out  about  the  same  distance  apart  as  the  show 
and  fancy  varieties,  but  they  had  grown  so  tremend- 
ously and  so  high  that  it  had  become  necessary  to 
pass  cords  along  each  side  of  a  line  of  plants,  to  keep 
them  within  bounds,  so  that  a  person  could  pass 
along  between  the  rows.  Many  an  amateur  has 
purchased  single  Dahlias  only  to  find  them  smother- 
ing and  overpowering  everything  else  planted  near 
them. 

Pompon  Dahlias  have  been  cultivated  in  this 
country  for  over  thirty  years,  but  their  beauty,  use- 
fulness, and  value  have  never  been  considered  so 
fully  as  they  deserve  to  be.  What  I  remember 
of  the  earliest  varieties  were  plants  of  tall  growth 
but    always    free    flowering.        Efforts    were    made 


to  secure  varieties  of  dwarfer  growth  and  with  suc- 
cess :  Continental  and  English  raisers  essayed  to  do 
this,  and  one  result  has  been  the  addition  of  some 
German  varieties  of  great  beauty  and  usefulness,  and 
now  there  are  over  fifty  recognised  varieties  in  culti- 
vation. At  recent  exhibitions  we  have  seen  pompon 
Dahlias  shown  in  bunches,  and  they  have  been 
deservedly  admired  ;  but  cut  blooms,  however 
beautiful  in  themselves,  afford  no  means  of  judging 
of  the  habit  of  the  plants  from  which  they  have  been 
taken,  which  is  a  matter  of  great  importance.  To 
make  a  selection  of  varieties,  one  should  see  a 
collection  in  bloom. 

A  few  days  ago  I  had  an  opportunity  of  looking 
over  Mr.  Turner's  fine  collection  at  the  Royal  Nursery, 
Slough ;  and  I  could  not  help  noticing  that  there 
were  two  distinct  habits  of  growth  to  be  perceived, 
and  also  two  styles  of  fl  )wer — one  small  and  compact, 
the  other  larger.  Now,  my  ideal  of  a  pompon  Dahlia 
is  a  plant  growing  from  2i  to  3!  feet  in  height,  com- 
pact and  erect  in  habit,  and  throwing  a  profusion  of 
flowers,  erect  and  well  displayed  above  the  foliage  ; 
the  flowers  small,  symmetrical,  and  freely  produced. 
I  made  a  note  of  the  following  varieties  as  coming  up 
to  my  ideal,  and  I  can  confidently  recommend  them 
for  decorative,  cutting,  or  exhibition  purposes.  They 
are  :^Garnet,  bright  orange-scarlet  ;  Comtesse  von 
Sternberg,  yellow  tipped  with  white^very  pretty  j 
Giiiss  an  Wien,  shaded  buff  or  lively  terra  cotta — a 
very  pretty  variety  ;  Princess  Sophie  Sopieha,  wine- 
crimson,  the  reverse  of  rays  lilac  ;  Henriette, 
yellow  ground,  tipped  and  suffused  with  crimson- 
purple  ;  Hedwig  Polwig,  crimson,  tipped  with  white  ; 
Professor  Bergeat,  bright  or  rosy-crimson  ;  Little 
Duchesse,  blush  ground  heavily  edged  with  crimson- 
purple,  a  little  tall,  but  very  good  ;  Fanny  Weiner, 
yellow,  edged  with  red,  a  little  tall,  but  very  good, 
and  wonderfully  free  ;  Nemesis,  maroon,  tipped  with 
white,  good  free  habit  ;  Titania,  yellow,  strikingly 
tinged  with  brownish-red  ;  Thomas  Moore,  yellow, 
deeply  edged  with  red  ;  Mdlle.  Valentine  Faconet, 
white,  striped  with  purple,  erect,  and  very  free  ; 
Fashion,  orange  and  buff ;  Ernest,  maroon,  with 
rich  crimson  shading  on  the  edge,  erect  habit  ;  £.  F. 
Jungker,  amber,  rather  tall,  erect,  and  very  free  ; 
Louis  Rodani.  deep  shaded  lilac  on  a  white  ground, 
a  little  tall  ;  Little  Princess,  blush,  tipped  with  bright 
rose  ;  Favourite,  rich  bright  crimson  shaded— a  little 
tall,  but  perfect  in  form  ;  Gem,  a  little  tall,  bright 
scarlet,  perfect  shape  ;  Isabel,  bright  scarlet,  petals 
slightly  reflexed — a  charming  variety,  a  little  tall  ; 
Lidy  Blanche,  a  perfect  white,  a  little  tall,  very  free  ; 
White  Aster,  with  charming  fringed  petals — won- 
drously  free  ;  Hilda,  pale  citron,  with  slight  tip  of 
rosy  lilac — small,  very  free,  a  little  tall  ;  and  Ivanboe 
(new),  the  white  rays  having  a  lemon  reverse,  in 
some  cases  tipped  with  white. 

Now  I  will  defy  any  one  to  name  an  equal  number 
of  single  Dahlias  as  dwarf  and  compact  in  growth, 
free,  varied,  and  pleasing,  as  the  list  just  given,  and 
as  satisfactory  in  all  respects.  All  the  foregoing 
throw  their  flowers  erect  and  well  above  the  foliage, 
not  hanging  them  down  as  do  many  of  the  single 
sorts,  and  so  mingling  them  with  the  leaves.  I  had 
only  to  pass  from  the  collection  of  pompon  Dahlias 
to  that  of  the  single  varieties  to  know  how  certain 
is  the  challenge  I  have  thrown  out  ;  and  I  can  go 
the  length  of  stating  that  grown  in  ordinary  soil 
scarcely  one  in  the  aforenamed  list  would  exceed  to 
any  appreciable  degree  a  height  of  4  feet.  Then 
there  is  a  group  of  pompon  Dahlias  not  quite  so  com- 
pact and  certainly  taller  in  growth,  though  it  can 
scarcely  be  said  of  any  one  that  it  is  too  tall  for 
garden  culture  that  have  larger  flowers  not  quite  so 
good  in  habit,  yet  very  free,  and  admirably  adapted 
for  general  garden  cultivation.  The  flowers  being  a 
little  large  are,  in  ray  opinion,  too  large  for  exhibition 
purposes  as  pompon  Dahlias,  though  several  of  them 
can  always  be  found  on  competing  stands.  They  are 
Golden  Gem,  clear  yellow  ;  Rosetta,  rosy-purple  ; 
The  Khedive,  white,  heavily  suffused  with  deep 
crimson ;  Fair  Helen,  white  and  lilac ;  Prince  of 
Liliputians,  very  dark  maroon  ;  Dora,  pale  primrose 
and  white  ;  Darkness,  crimson  maroon — very  dark  ; 
Amelie  Barbiere,  flesh,  tipped  with  rose ;  Little 
Willie,  deep  flesh  colour ;  Rosalie,  pale  primrose, 
tinted  with  rose  ;  Profusion,  crimson,  tipped  with 
white ;  Wilhelm  Nitsche,  red,  tipped  with  white ; 
Carl  Mendal,  bright  rich  crimson — a  line  of  twenty- 
one  plants  of  this  is  worth  going  miles  to  see  ;  and 
Lady  Jane,  very  bright  pale  red. 
The  pompon    Dahlias  have  one   claim   upon   the 


438 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  1886. 


flower-loving  public  that  the  single  varieties  cannot 
put  forward— they  are  much  more  lasting  in  a  cut 
state,  and  while  the  newer  single  Dahlias  appear  to 
be  increasing  in  size  to  a  degree  that  robs  them  of  a 
good  deal  of  their  decorative  value,  we  are  having 
produced  by  Mr.  Turner  and  others,  small,  compact, 
exquisitely  formed  pompon  varieties  that  seem  to  be 
perfect  in  their  way  :  and  that  they  are  destined  to 
become  increasingly  popular  I  have  no  doubt.  R.  D. 


THE    ALPINE    GARDEN. 

Polygonum  spH/ERospachyum.  —  Ever  as 
autumn  returns  we  have  a  prcfusion  of  Polygonums 
in  flower,  but  none  are  more  welcome  or  charming  in 
their  way  than  those  that  are  truly  alpine,  or  suffi- 
ciently dwarf  and  ornamental  to  secure  their  admis- 
sion to  the  alpine  garden.  The  species  under  notice 
is  characterised  by  a  more  upright  habit  than  P. 
aftine,  generally  known  in  gardens  as  P.  Brunonis, 
and  if  less  adapted  for  creeping  over  banks  and 
ledges  than  the  latter  it  compensates  for  this  deficiency 
by  its  dense,  short,  obloog  spike  of  deep  red,  nodding, 
or  pendent  flowers.  Owing  to  its  erect  habit  it  never 
forms  broad,  spreading  patches  like  V.  aflioe,  but  is 
if  anything  more  accommodating  to  a  restricted  area, 
and  deserving  of  cultivation  even  in  a  limited  and 
select  collection.  There  is  a  figure  of  this  species  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  OS47.  It  is  synonymous 
with  P.  afline  angustifolium,  and  it  has  been  cultivated 
in  this  country  even  under  the  name  of  1'.  affine  var. 
Brunonis.  The  plant,  in  a  wild  state,  is  widely  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  Eastern  and  Western  Hima- 
layas, at  elevatious  ranging  from  11,000  to  15,000 
feet,  consequently  cultivators  may  invest  in  it  without 
hesitation  on  the  score  of  hardiness.  The  Poly- 
gonums generally  are  so  easy  to  grow  and  require 
so  little  attention  after  being  established  that  growers 
are  on  that  account  apt  to  undervalue  them,  although 
in  doing  so  they  are  computing  them  according  to  a 
false  standard.  Any  moderately  good  garden  soil 
will  suit  them,  provided  it  is  tolerably  moist,  with  a 
proper  exposure  to  light. 

Polygonum  vaccinifolium. 
There  are  few  probably  who  would  not  reckon  this 
the  best  of  the  genus  for  rockwoik  purposes  pure  and 
simple,  for  although  itlacks  the  intensity  of  colour  pecu- 
liar to  P.  sphKrostachyum,  the  delicate  pink  hue  of  its 
slender  cylindrical  inflorescence  coupled  with  the  mini- 
ature leaves,  resembling,  as  the  specific  name  implies, 
the  foliage  of  some  species  of  Vaccinium,  all  combine  to 
give  the  plant  that  refined  appearance  to  which  it 
justly  owes  its  popularity.  Like  the  above  species  it 
appears  to  be  a  common  and  widely  distributed 
Himalayan  species,  ranging  at  an  altitude  of  11,000 
to  13,030  feet.  According  to  the  experience  ol  some 
cultivators  it  seems  to  lose  its  leaves  to  some  extent 
in  exceptionally  severe  winters,  but  beyond  this  its 
cultivation  is  attended  with  no  difficulty  whatever. 
The  plant  will  grow  in  either  sun  or  shale,  but  seems 
to  flower  much  better  if  freely  exposed  to  the  sun. 
Cuttings  taken  off  at  a  node  root  readily  in  sandy 
soil  under  a  hand-light  or  other  similar  protection, 
and  this  they  will  do  the  more  readily  if  the  shoots 
employed  have  been  in  contact  with  the  soil,  or  if  the 
weather  has  been  moist  some  time  previously.  This 
applies  to  a  great  many  herbaceous  plants,  and  may 
be  explained  on  the  principle  that  such  shoots  under 
the  conditions  mentioned  are  generally  disposed  to 
throw  out  roots  spontaneously,  if  the  plant  producing 
them  is  of  creeping  habit.  The  species  under  notice 
is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  4622,  and 
flowers  continuously  from  August  to  November. 

Cyclamen  neapolitanum. 
Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  this  plant  habitually 
throws  up  its  flowers  unaccompanied  by  the  foliage  in 
the  autumn  months,  it  is,  nevertheless,  a  highly  orna- 
mental and  desirable  plant  when  well  grown.  Large 
tubers  grown  singly  and  dotted  about  in  somewhat 
shady  nooks  in  the  rock  garden  prove  very  attractive 
as  summer  gives  place  to  the  cooler  and  waning  days 
of  autumn.  Large  clumps,  however,  are  more  desir- 
able where  they  »in  be  accommodated,  as  such  are 
more  conspicuous  and  decided  in  their  eft'sct.  A 
shady  position  is  the  most  natural,  and  growth  will 
be  most  satisfactory,  and  the  foliage  will  put  on  its 
most  attractive  colours  if  the  plants  are  well  exposed 
to  light,  but  screened,  of  course,  from  the  direct  rays 
of  the  sun.     They  do  not  require  much  moisture  if  so 


shaded  as  to  maintain  a  cool  soil  where  the  tubers 
are  planted.  Good  drainage  is  also  requisite  fur  the 
belter  keeping  of  the  tubers.  The  foliage  succeeds 
the  flowers  later  on,  and  is  very  handsome  and  highly 
marbled  with  grey  on  a  deep  green  ground,  II  a  mild 
winter  succeeds  an  open  autumn  the  leaves  are  a 
special  feature  in  themselves  where  the  plants  are 
grouped,  and  exhibit  much  variety  in  the  marbling. 
The  flowers  are  while  or  rosy  with  a  bright  purple 
spot  at  the  base  ol  the  petals,  but  exhibit  a  tolerable 
amount  of  variation  from  deep  rose  to  pure  while. 
.Some  individuals  are  more  or  less  distinctly  scented . 
The  plant  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  RfgiiUr,  xxiv.,  t. 
49,  and  here  belongs  C.  hederifolium,  naturalised  in 
some  parts  of  Sussex  and  Kent,  and  figured  in  S)  me's 
En^liih  Botany,  1136,  1 137.  J.  F. 


Home     f  Oi^F(E3POND£NCE. 


The   Autumn   and   Winter  Crocuses.— At   a 

time  when  the  delicately  tinted  flowers  ol  Crocus 
speciosus  and  other  autumn  varieties  are  expanding 
their  blossoms  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  remark  on  Ihtir 
ex  reme  beauty,  and  their  value  in  adding  interest 
to  the  rock  garden  and  the  front  row  of  the  herbaceous 
border.  From  the  time  that  the  first  large  purplish 
blossoms  of  C.  nudiflorus  open,  about  the  middle  of 
September,  until  April,  a  succession  of  fljwers  miy 
be  obtained.  They  are  not  sufficienlly  plentiful  to 
be  sold  at  a  cheap  rate,  and  no  doubt  the  rfa,on  for 
this  is  that  ihey  are  not  sufikiently  known,  else  there 
is  no  doubt  that  a  demand  for  them  would  arise, 
which  would  go  on  increasing  until  the  trade  would 
be  compelled  to  propagate  them  in  quantities  in 
the  same  way  as  they  do  with  the  Dutch  spring 
flowering  varieties.  Besides  the  two  I  have  named 
C.  longiflorus  is  pretty  common,  and  all  of  the 
above  are  moderately  cheap  j  but  the  handsome 
C.  hadriaticus  and  C.  Boryanus,  the  very  pretty 
lavender-coloured  species,  C.  pulchellus.  and  others 
which  were  well  known  to  Dean  Herbert  up- 
wards of  forty  years  ago,  have  now,  I  suppose  for 
lack  of  interest  in  them,  to  be  sold  at  half  a  guinea 
a  dozen  bulbs,  whereas  they  ought,  if  sufficient 
interest  could  be  aroused  in  their  culture,  to 
be  sold  at  less  per  hundred.  The  winter 
fl  nvering  varieties  must  have  the  shelter  of  a  frame 
or  pit.  There  are  not  a  great  many  winter  flowering 
species  or  varieties  but  C.  Aucheri,  orange,  and  the 
violet  and  purple  suaveolens,  are  the  easiest  to  obtain. 
The  remarks  on  Crocuses  are  naturally  followed  by  some 
reference  to  the  Colchicums.  C.  autumnale  and  its 
numerous  varieties  are  well  known,  but  the  much 
more  beautiful  C.  speciosum  is  not  so  well  known  as 
it  ought  to  be  ;  we  have  it  planted  in  various  posi- 
tions, but  it  has  done  best  on  a  ledge  of  a  dry  sunny 
bank  facing  the  south.  Here  the  bulbs  produce 
grand  flowers  followed  by  immense  foliage,  almost  as 
large  again  as  on  those  planted  in  the  borders. 
Three  bulbs  planted  on  this  dry  ledge,  two  stasons 
ago,  have  now  produced  twenty-nine  blossoms  which 
have  a  gorgeous  effect.  We  have  yet  to  leaia  a  good 
deal  about  the  best  positions  to  choose  lor  the  autumn 
and  winter  flowering  Crocus.  Damp  shady  positions 
do  not  suit  them  any  more  than  such  positions  do 
Colchicum  speciosum.   7.  Douglas, 

Prizes  for  Cottager's  Gardens.— I  can  bear  per- 
sonal testimony  to  the  excellent  practical  results 
accruing  from  the  system  of  awards  for  the  best  kept 
and  furnished  gardens  in  the  diflerent  districts  around 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  described  by  our  able  secretary 
oftheBary  and  West  Suffolk  Horticultural  Society 
in  a  recent  issue.  As  a  stimulus  to  cleanliness  and 
improved  and  increased  produce  nothing  could  have 
worked  better  ;  the  society  by  its  awards  to  cottager^' 
produce  at  each  of  its  shows  encourages  the  special 
culture  ol  each  fruit  and  vegetable,  as  Apples,  Piarp, 
Plums,  Rhubarb,  Potatos,  Carrots,  Onions,  Parsnips, 
Peas,  Cabbages,  Marrows  Runner  Beans,  and  a 
general  collection  comprehended  in  the  best  basket. 
But  as  Mr.  Giieve  truly  says,  all  this  might  be  ac- 
complished, andyet  the  generalculture,  order  and  keep- 
ing ol  the  eniire  garden  be  considerably  neglected. 
The  prizes  for  gardens  and  the  double  inspection  by 
competent  judges  each  season  which  used  to  be  the 
condition  attached  to  the  prizes  rendered  slovenly  cul- 
ture or  unprofitable  cropping  impossible  to  ihoje 
that  contended  for  and  would  win  first  honours,     So 


marked  was  the  influence  of  this  stimulus  to  good 
general  culture  in  the  gardens  of  the  cotlagers  that 
after  a  little  practice  the  judges  seldom  drew  up  at 
a  garden  that  was  not  entered  lor  competition. 
The  difference  in  favour  of  the  competing  gardens 
was  so  great  that  the  judges  could  read  them  driving, 
thus  receiving  a  new  illustration  of  the  old  adage,  that 
those  that  run  may  read.  Besides,  in  awarding  the 
prizes  for  the  best  gardens,  other  influences  are  con- 
sidered besides  those  of  mere  utility.  Under  the 
prize  system  for  produce  alone  the  latter  is  apt  to  be 
unduly  developed,  and  to  lead  to  Potatos,  Cabbages, 
Peas,  or  Beans  literally  surrounding  ih;  front  door  or 
climbing  in  at  the  window.  Now,  while  utility, 
must  ever  hold  the  first  place  in  the  cottager's 
garden,  there  is  no  need  for  it  to  be  the  only  principle 
recognised.  By  a  vciy  sm.all  sacrifice  of  space — if, 
indeed,  it  be  a  sacrifice — beauty  may  be  made  to 
drape  the  cottage  and  fringe  the  main  path  up  to  it. 
The  judges  were  among  the  first  to  recognise,  suggest, 
and  even  demand  a  certain  proportion  of  flowers  in  the 
gardens  of  the  cottagers.  And  in  not  a  few  cases  the 
smaller  areas,  as  conditions  ol  successful  competition, 
have  expanded  into  admirable  flower  beds  and 
border.s,  skilfully  designed  and  admirably  filled. 
First-rale  Roses  and  other  flowering  plants  and 
climbers  and  fruit  trees  may  also  be  found  on  cottages 
and  outbuildings.  The  cottagers  have  also  found 
what  some  one  has  will  said  comes  true  in  their 
experience,  that  beau  y  has  proved  even  more 
profitable  than  utility.  Even  in  rural  districts,  espe- 
cially within  an  easy  di,tance  of  large  towns,  there  is 
mostly  an  active  and  profitable  demand  for  choice 
flowers,  as  well  as  for  good  fruit  and  sweet,  crisp 
vegetables.  And  thus  the  beauty  prize  of  the  cot- 
tager's garden  is  twice  blessed— blessing  his  wife  and 
children  and  neighbours,  and  also  the  less  fortunate 
denizens  of  our  towns,  and  bringing  back  yet  ancther 
blessing,  in  the  needful  necessaries,  or  even  luxuries 
of  life,  from  the  neighbouring  grocer's  or  draper's. 
Wecdlessness  is  another  primary  necessity  with  prize- 
takers.  No  measure  of  flower  garden,  no  excellenre 
of  produce,  nor  cumulative  amount  of  yield,  will 
Compensate  for  the  presence  of  weeds.  Absence  of 
weetls  or  dirt  lies  at  the  base  of  success.  Only  those 
conversant  with  the  enormous  loss  of  produce,  of 
manure,  and  of  labour  incident  to  the  growth  of 
weeds  in  field  or  garden  cin  appreciate  the  advan- 
tages of  the  lessons  learned  in  and  the  examples  given 
by  those  prize  gardens  of  cottagers.   D,  T.  Fish, 

Aster  and  Stock  Seed-saving  at  Forest 
HiU.— That  seeds  of  Stocks  and  Asters  saved  in  this 
country  from  good  strains  produce  as  fine  a  progeny 
as  any  saved  in  Germany  his  b^en  abundantly  proved 
during  late  years.  The  finest  strains  of  quilled  Ger- 
man Asters  grown  in  this  country  are  English 
saved.  Recognising  the  fact  that  there  is  no  dete- 
rioration in  strains  of  Stocks  and  Asters  when  the 
seed  is  saved  in  this  country,  as  is  sometimes  sup- 
posed, Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  are  largely  seeding  these 
two  important  annuals  in  their  nurseries  at  Lower 
Sydenham.  A  large  breaith  of  fine  strains  of  Asters 
was  planted  out  for  this  purpose,  the  leading  types 
being  the  pyramidal,  the  P»ony-flowered,  and  the 
Chrysanthemum-flowered,  there  being  four  large 
beds  of  each.  The  present  fine  weather  is  very 
favourable  to  the  production  of  fine  seed,  and  it 
is  being  gathered  daily.  Wooden  frames  covered  with 
light  canvas  are  provided  to  place  over  the  flowers 
by  night,  and  in  the  day  also  when  rain  is 
imminent,  but  while  it  is  fine  the  plants  are  fully 
exposed  by  day.  The  Asters  are  all  planted  in  the 
open  ground.  The  Stocks  for  seed  are  grown  in  pots, 
and  they  occupy  raised  stages  so  that  the  air  can 
frequently  circulate  among  them.  A  sloping  boarded 
covering  is  permanently  fixed  overhead,  but  so  fixed 
as  while  it  can  ward  off  the  falling  rain,  it  does  not 
obstruct  the  sun.  There  is  a  good  crop  of  Stock  seed 
which  will  be  soon  fit  for  harvesting.  Wnen  grown 
in  pots  in  this  way  on  raised  stages,  mildew  does  not 
attack  the  seed  po  is  as  is  too  often  the  case  where 
plants  are  growing  in  the  open  ground.  There  is  no 
reason  why,  with  proper  care,  a  great  deal  of  Aster 
and  Stock  seeds  should  not  be  matured  in  this 
country  instead  of  being  imported  from  Gerntany  and 
elsewhere.  A'.  D, 

Wasps.— What  good  news  to  those  that  have 
them  not,  though  somewhat  tantalising  to  those  that 
have  them  in  full  average  numbers  or  in  excess  ;  for 
the  plague  of  wasps,  like  the  terrors  of  sea-sickness,  is 
the  more  endurable  when  w  idely  shared.  It  there- 
fore affords  us  scant  consolation  to  read  of  some 
happy  cultivators  who  have  not  seen  a  wasp  for 
months,  nor  a  wasp's  nest  this  season,  while  they 
have  been  preying  on  cur  Grapes,  Peaches,  Plums, 
Pears,  as  usual,  and  we  have  been  bottling  them  by 
myriads  for  weeks,  and  have  already  destroyed  fifty 
nests  in  a  small  circuit  round  the  gardens.  I  am  not 
able  to  write  with  anthoiity  about  the  wasps  to  the 
north  or  the  south  of  us,  but  here  in  the  east  they  are 
all  alive  and  seeking  what  they  may  devour  as  usual. 
As  a  new  proof  alike  of  their  presence  and    presump- 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


439 


tion,  I  may  mention  their  raids  on  the  sugar  basins 
as  being  so  persistent  as  to  necessitate  their  being 
covered  while  at  tea  and  their  attempts  to  share  fruit 
pies  with  us  in  the  dish,  and  in  the  transit  from  dish  to 
mouth.  Possibly  these  bold  marauders  are  some 
of  "  R.  D.'>"  hungry  emigrants  from  (he  South. 
Not  finding  our  Plumj  ind  Peaches  sufficiently 
luscious  to  their  taste  ih  y  have  gone  in  for 
sugaring  them  out  of  cur  tea  ind  cooking  basins 
Be  that  as  it  may  we  have,  as  already  stated,  a  full 
average  supply  of  wasps  distinguished  by  abnormal 
temerity,  and  also  an  average  supply  of  hornets.  Bat 
the  greatest  plague  of  this  somewhat  peculiar  season 
is  bluebottle  flies.  For  every  wasp  there  must  be  a 
hundred  of  these  devouring  buzzing  abominations  that 
bring  about  such  wholesale  desolation  and  destruc- 
tion among  choice  fruits.  As  a  rule  the  bluebottles 
wait  till  wasps,  hornets,  or  birds  break  the  rinds. 
Then  the  bluebottles  congregate  in  such  masses  as 
to  drive  the  first  aggressors  and  stronger  game  qui.e 
out  of  the  field  ;  wasps  and  all  other  creatures  either 
so  much  dislike  the  company  of  the  bluebottle  or 
their  buzzing  din  as  to  voluntarily  relinquish  their 
holdings  to  them,  or  are  driven  forth  from  them  by 
the  mere  force  of  numbers.  Either  way,  as  a  ruli,  the 
bluebottles  finish  what  more  powerful  mandibles  begin, 
but  this  year  the  flies  mustered  in  such  force,  and  were 
so  impatient  as  to  take  the  initiative  on  luscious  I^iums, 
Peaches,  and  late  dead  ripe  Gooseberries.  A  row  of 
Warringtons,  carefully  protected  from  birds,  intended 
for  late  dessert,  on  a  cool  border,  were  skeletonised 
into  mere  rinds  in  a  few  days  under  the  combined 
forces  of  wasps  and  bluebottles,  the  entire  row  pre- 
senting much  of  the  appearance  of  a  wasps'  nest  and 
a  bluebottle  hive  until  the  work  of  destruction  was 
completed.  Neither  is  it  an  exaggeration  to  add  that 
we  have  caught  pecks  of  wasps  and  bushels  of  blue- 
bottles in  decoy  bottles  primed  with  beer.  Were  such 
successful  traps  more  generally  set,  a  sensible  reduc- 
tion might  be  made  on  those  troublesome  pests,  not 
only  in  our  gardens,  but  in  our  homes.  So  soon  as 
the  north-east  winds  pinched  them  out  of  the  gardens 
they  flocked  indoors,  and  Irom  mansion  and  cottage 
loud  complaints  have  been  raised  against  the  plague 
of  bluebottles  this  aulumntide.  D.  T,  fish. 

Variegation,  —  I  send  plants  of  the  common 
variegated  Ribbon-grass,  which  turns  green  here 
ndet  an  arch  or  bower  of  Laurels  some  30  feet  high, 
where  I  do  not  think  direct  sunshine  ever  reaches 
th;m.  Is  it  because  plants  hive  greater  difficulty 
under  such  circumstanc;s  in  forming  a  suffi;ient 
supply  of  chlorophyll  (and  so  oblige  all  the  avail- 
able leaf-sur'ace  to  be  devoted  to  making  !■)  that 
makes  variegated  plants  often  lose  or  lessen  their 
variegation?— for  example,  many  of  the  inner  leaves 
of  Aucuba  japonic!,  as  compared  with  those  most 
exposed  to  light.  In  tlie  variegated  common  Rush, 
the  flowering  stems  of  which  almost  invariably  lose 
I  the  yellow  stripe  below  the  inflorescence  (while 
I  retaining  it  above),  there  appears  to  be  another 
instance  of  absence  of  variegation  where  additional 
I  vigour  is  requireil.  A  record  of  peculiaiiiies  in 
variegation,  many  of  which  must  fall  under  the  notice 
of  all  gardeners,  might  be  of  considerable  use  to  future 
workers  as  the  sulject  of  variegation,  especially  as  its 
laws  seem  to  be  as  yet  so  little  understood.  The 
enclosed  Aucuba  leaves  are  from  the  same  jdant. 
C.  M.  Oii-vii.  [Some  very  important  questions  are 
here  raised.  A  dark  green  colour  externally  (rsso- 
ciaied  with  an  internal  development  of  palissade  cells 
filled  with  green  colouring  matter)  is  usually  taken  to 
indicate  the  necessity  (or  full  exposure  to  sunlight. 
That  this  is  not  universal,  however,  is  shown  by  the 
fact  that  Hollies  and  I-tuscus  and  other  daik-leaved 
plants  do  as  well  and  generally  belter  in  shade  than 
in  full  sunlight,  and  this  is  in  accordance  with  our 
coirespondeni's  statements.  Perhaps  in  the  shade  a 
larger  amount  of  chlorophyll  is  required  to  do  the 
same  amount  of  wo.k  as  in  the  direct  sunlight,  where 
a  lesser  amount  is  necessrry.   Ed] 

A:!alea  Deutsche  Perle. — Any  one  desirous  of 
having  a  thoroughly  good  early  floweiing  white 
Azalea,  should  grow  the  above.  At  the  Ro)al  Nur- 
sery, Slough,  may  be  seen  a  large  batch  of  it,  and  Mr. 
Harry  Turner  states  that  he  shall  grow  it  largely  for 
cutting  purposes,  the  flowers  being  well  double,  pure 
in  colour,  and  very  early  in  flowering.  It  is  a  fine 
decorative  variety  also,  the  flowers  being  freely  pro- 
duced, and  of  perfect  lorm.  Next  in  point  of  value 
as  a  white  flowering  Azalea,  Mr.  Turner  puts  Nar- 
cissiflora  ;  it  is  a  good  grower,  very  fine  also,  a  good 
forcer,  and  in  point  of  time  follows  Deutsche  Perle. 
The  latter  is  a  Continental  variety.  A'.  D. 

Bees  and  Colour. — It  is  asserted  by  many  that 
colour  has  no  influence  on  bees — that,  in  fact,  they 
are  colour  blind  ;  while  others,  with  a  little  more 
reason  on  their  side,  maintain  that  they  are  not 
influenced  by  any  particular  colour  or  colours,  which, 
in  other  words,  means  that  they  have  no  preference 
for  flowers  of  any  particular  hue.  Looked  at  from 
various  points  of  view  the  question  is  one  which  is 


attended  with  serious  though  not  perhaps  insurmount- 
able difliculties.  At  first  sight  it  would  seem  an 
easy  matter  to  enumerate  an  exhaustive  list  o(  flowers 
frequented  by  bees  (calling  them  bee  flowers  for  the 
time  being,  if  you  like),  and  then  calculate  by  their 
relative  number  of  visits  what  flowers  they  most 
preferred.  In  all  probahility  the  figures  would  be 
calculated  to  mislead,  and  most  likely  confirm  the 
impression  that  bees  are  absolutely  indilTerent  to  any 
particular  colour,  or  almost  so.  That  the  hues  of 
flowers  as  contrasted  with  the  green  foliage  serve  to 
attract  bees  as  well  as  insects  in  general,  few,  pro- 
bably, would  venture  to  dispute.  But  why  (let  us 
assume)  this  apparent  indifference  to  flowers  of  par- 
ticular hues?  I  am  thoroughly  convinced  it  is  no 
choice  of  theirs,  but  urgent  necessity,  in  order  to  eke 
out  what  must  be  to  them  a  precarious  subsistence, 
of  which  we  have  ample  evidence  in  light  hives  in 
the  autumn,  with  insufficient  food  to  support  the 
inmates  till  the  following  spring.  Thtre  are  various 
reasons  to  account  for  and  support  these  statements. 
In  the  first  place  there  has  been  a  wholesale  destruc- 
tion of  our  native  flora  through  cultivation,  drainage, 
and  other  minor  and  concomitant  influences.  It  is 
true  the  fields  arc  occupied  with  flowering  plants,  but 
either  they  are  not  mellifcijus  (Wheat,  Oats,  Barley), 
or  they  are  not  permit  ed  to  flower  (Turnips,  Cab- 
bages, honey-bearing  weeds),  or  our  hive  bees  are 
more  or  less  unable  to  extract  honey  from  them 
(Lucerne,  red  Clover,  Peas).  On  the  other  hand,  our 
woods  and  plantations  are  filled  with  many  exotic 
trees,  our  gardens  and  shrubberies  replete  with  her- 
baceous plants  and  shrubs  many  of  which  are  foreign 
to  British  insects.  The  bee  population  has  increased 
under  man's  care,  but  with  the  increased  competition 
and  the  decrease  of  their  familiar  flowers,  it  is  no 
wonder  that  bees  in  general  have  been  driven  to  their 
wit's  end  and  obliged  to  fall  back  upon  their  intelli- 
gence for  increased  resources  and  application  of 
means  to  an  end.  Having  admitted  a  certain  amount 
of  intelligence  (and  who  would  deny  it  ?),  it  is  easy  to 
conceive  they  have  to  a  great  extent  lost  or  aban- 
doned for  the  time  being  the  original  instinct  with 
regard  to  their  preference  for  the  particular  colours  by 
which  they  were  wont  formerly  to  detect  the  flowers 
most  suited  to  their  requirements.  Bee-keepers  would 
do  well,  where  flowers  are  scarce,  not  only  to  note  this 
fact  but  to  act  upon  it  by  growing  in  quantity  some  of 
those  honey-producing  flowers  where  hive  bees  have 
no  difficulty  in  getting  at  the  nectary.  In  all  these 
statements  it  will  be  inferred  that  our  hive  bee 
(and  the  same  applies  to  many  of  the  wild  ones)  has 
perforce  to  get  educated  to  an  artificial  kind  of  exist- 
ence. Rustics  can  remember  in  their  early  youth 
that  wild  bees  once  swarmed  where  it  would  now  be 
d:tficult  to  find  a  nest  to  plunder.  Bees  have  other 
powers  of  discerning  what  flowers  contain  honey,  such 
as  the  faculty  of  smell,  and  this  is  evidenced  by  their 
habit  of  perforating  the  base  of  those  flowers  contain- 
ing honey,  but  which  they  are  unable  to  reach  in  a 
legitimate  manner,  owing  to  the  lengih  of  the  lube 
of  the  corolla.  Attracted  first,  doubtless,  by  the  colour 
of  the  flowers  of  Erica  Eweriana,  and  then  probably 
by  the  smell  of  honey,  I  have  witnessed  bees  strug- 
gling in  a  vain  endeavour  to  gain  admittance  both  by 
fresh  and  withered  flowers.  The  Poppy  and  the 
Crocus  are  two  instances  of  highly  coloured  flowers 
that  contain  no  honey,  but  which  are  frequently  visited 
by  bees  for  the  sake  uf  their  pollen.  As  their  odour  is 
mire  often  disagreeable  than  otherwise  (at  least  to 
our  olfactory  nerves)  or  altogether  scentless,  it  is  more 
than  probable  that  bees  are  attracted  by  the  gay 
colours  alone,  but  as  in  the  case  of  Crocus  vernus 
they  exhibit  no  preference  for  any  particular  hue. 
Roses,  with  their  large  and  showy  flowers,  are  also 
visited  for  their  pollen,  and  British  species  at  least  do 
not  appear  to  be  melliferous.  A  rather  sriking 
instance  of  the  secretion  of  nectar  is  exhibited  by  the 
huge  ephemeral  and  brilliantly  coloured  flowers  of 
Tigridia  pavonia.  The  narrow  inner  segments  of  the 
perianth  are  strongly  revolute  longitudinally  along 
the  sides  and  again  involute  at  the  extreme  margin. 
In  this  latter  fold  the  honey  is  secreted,  and  may  wiih 
great  difliculty  be  extracted.  Hive  bees  (it  would  be 
rash  to  deny)  are  first  attracted  by  the  brilliantly 
coloured  and  spotted  flowers,  and  becoming  aware 
of  the  presence  of  honey,  struggle  with  great  per- 
sistency to  reach  it,  and  are  reluctantly  induced  to 
quit  the  flower  if  any  one  shakes  it  violently,  or 
employs  other  rough  treatment.   J.  F. 

Bulbs  that  are  Cumulative  beneath  ground. 
— Of  these  I  have  noted  the  following  :— Arum  cri- 
nitum.  Narcissus  papyraceus,  Lilium  candidum, 
Opbrys  api'era,  as  likewise  the  roots  of  Xeottia  nidus- 
avis,  Epipactis  latifolia,  and  Epidendrum  acaule. 
A.  D.  W. 

Messrs  J.  Cocker  &  Sons'  Roses.— Permit  us 
to  refer  to  the  report  of  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horti- 
cultural Society's  show  as  cmtained  in  your  issue  of 
the  iSth  ult.  It  is  there  slated  that  we  were  surprised 
at  being  awarded  the  1st  prize  for  thirty-six  Rose 
blooms.     We  are  at  a  loss  to  know  on  what  authority 


your  correspondent  makes  such  a  statement,  for  in 
the  opinion  of  competent  judges  our  exhibits  were  a 
good  many  points  ahead  ot  the  2i  prize  lot,  and  we 
would  indeed  have  been  greatly  astonished  bad  we 
been  placed  2d.  Hid  the  judges'  decision  been 
otherwise  than  it  was,  we  would  certainly  have  pro- 
tested against  it,  and  done  so  simply  on  the  merits  of 
our  Rose  blooms,  and  the  fact  that  they  were  distinct 
and  properly  named,  a;  required  by  the  schedule. 
It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  larger  class  contained 
a  box  of  thirty-six  Rose  blooms,  and  not  twenty-four 
as  reported.  We  trust  you  will  take  an  early  oppor- 
tunity of  correcting  these  misrepresentations.  Jame^ 
Cocker  <r^  So/is, 

Germination  of  Seeds  — W.th  respect  to  the 
germination  of  seeds  of  Primula,  it  is  noteworthy 
that  in  the  case  of  all  garden  kinds,  such  as 
sinensis.  Primroses,  Polyanthuses,  Auriculas,  &c.,  the 
better  the  germination,  and  the  quicker,  if  seeds  be 
sown  as  soon  as  well  ripened.  I  believe  that  prin- 
ciple will  be  found  to  hold  good  with  most  seeds. 
Then  with  regard  to  pure  species  we  have  but  to  note 
what  is  the  common  habit  of  all  such  in  a  stale  of 
Nature.  The  bulk  of  these  bloom  in  the  spring,  and 
without  doubt  it  is  in  the  natural  course  of  things 
that  the  seed  falling  on  to  the  soil  around  the  plant, 
literally  on  the  surface,  soon  germinates,  and  thus 
a  succession  of  plants  is  produced  for  each  blooming 
season.  I  think  it  is  probable  that  very  much  of  the 
failure  incidental  to  sowing  seeds  of  Primulaceie  and 
some  other  similar  things  arises  from  the  common 
practice  of  holding  the  seed  over  for  a  year  before  it 
is  sown,  or  perhaps  purchased  and  sown.  As  to 
whether  seeds  should  be  buried  or  otherwise,  I  think 
all  experience  goes  to  show  that,  from  lack  of  some 
proper  covering  vast  quantities  of  seed  are  de- 
stroyed. One  rule  as  to  the  seed  being  covered  to  a 
depth  equal  to  its  own  density  may  not  be  always 
correct,  but  in  the  case  of  small  seeds  it  is  fairly  so, 
hence  I  think  those  who  cover  all  Primula  seed  just 
about  its  density  with  fine  sandy  soil,  will  be  right. 
Very  possibly  when  sown  in  pans,  too  much  water 
may  be  given,  perhaps  too  little.  It  requires  con- 
siderable care  to  make  artificial  conditions  accord 
with  those  found  in  Nature,  and  doubtless  that  lack  of 
care  leads  to  many  failures.  A  thin  layer  of  clean 
moss  laid  over  a  seedpau  very  often  produces  natural 
conditions  which  lead  to  success  ;  especially  does  this 
covering  tend  to  counteract  the  evil  elTects  of  injudi- 
cious waterings,  and  indeed  materially  helps  to  render 
frequent  waterings  of  the  seedpans  needless.   A,  D, 

Calandrinia  umbellata. — A  recent  reference  to 
the  value  of  this  pretty  dwarf  perennial  induces  me  to 
point  out  that,  when  raised  under  glass,  seedlings  are 
extremely  liable  to  damp  otY,  unless  the  seed  be  very 
thinly  sown,  and  in  sandy  soil.  I  have  found  that 
the  best  method  of  procuring  a  stock  of  plants  is  to 
sow  a  packet  of  seed  in  the  open  ground,  in  sandy 
soil,  scattering  the  seed  rather  widely,  and  leaving  it 
to  chance.  A  moderate  number  of  seedlings  may 
always  be  reckoned  on,  and  these  should  be  carefully 
transplanted,  before  they  get  too  large,  to  any  desired 
position.  Soi.winte, 

Vale  Royal  Gardens.— This,  the  Cheshire  estate 
of  Lord  Delamere,  is  about  2  miles  from  briny  North- 
wich.  I  have  on  a  former  occasion  drawn  attention 
to  the  way  the  gardens  are  kept  up.  and  a  recent 
visit  convinces  me  that  the  estimate  I  formed  a  few 
years  ago  about  these  gardens  and  the  able  gardener 
was  a  correct  one.  I  stated  then  that  I  had  visited 
nearly  all  the  celebrated  gardens  in  this  country  and 
on  the  Continent,  but  had  not  seen  anything  to  sur- 
pass the  high-class  gardening  carried  out  at  Vale 
Royal.  About  ten  days  ago  I  paid  an  jther  visit  to 
this  well  kept  place,  and  found  it  impossible  to 
detect  a  weak  spot.  The  flower  gardens  and  borders 
contained  all  the  elements  that  go  to  make  up  a 
perfect  picture— things  new  and  old  are  to  be  sesn  in 
abundance — all  harmoniously  blended,  and  givin^ 
abundant  evidence  of  foresight  and  the  picturing  the 
far-off  eftect  of  present  work.  The  new  conservatory 
is  admirably  adapted  for  the  purpose  intended,  which 
is  more  than  can  be  said  ol  the  majority  of  such 
structures,  inasmuch  as  they  are  usually  erected  after 
the  design  of  an  architect  who  is  altogether  ignorant 
of  the  necessities  of  plant  life.  The  Celosia  pyra- 
midalis  formed  a  magnificent  feature  in  this  building. 
This  plant  is  invaluable  for  decorative  purposes  when 
grown  in  the  way  I  saw  it  at  Vale  Royal  ;  the  rich 
oriental  coloursmixed  judiciously  amongstotherflower- 
ing  and  ornamental  plants  presented  a  picture  which  was 
worth  travelling  many  miles  to  see  ;  but  perhaps  the 
m^st  striking  effect  was  in  a  span-roofed  house,  the  roof 
of  which  was  covered  with  Allamauda  Hendersoni. 
Mr.  Milne  pointed  out  the  three  plants  which  had  pro- 
duced this  marvellous  result ;  they  are  in  32-sized  pots, 
which  are  filled  wiih  roots,  and  this  appears  the  only 
way  of  flowering  Allamandas  successfully.  These  three 
plants  must  have  produced  some  thousands  of  blooms. 
Calanihes  are  done  in  grand  style,  and  must  have  a 
fine  effect  when  in  bloom.     Fruits  of  all  kinds  are 


440 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  z,  iS86. 


equally  well  done,  and  I  am  sure  that  I  am  not  ex- 
aggerating when  I  say  that  it  would  be  impossible  to 
find  a  finer  house  of  Grapes  in  the  country  than  that 
now  to  be  seen  at  this  place.  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines have  also  been  very  fine,  and  I  feel  sure  that 
any  person  who  has  seen  these  gardens  lately  will  say 
that  I  have  not  used  the  language  ol  hyperbole.  Bruce 
Findlay, 

Grapes  at  the  Last  Meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.— In  re.idicg  the  criticism 
(in  Grapes  by  "  Vitis  "  in  your  last  issue  of  the  Gar- 
iUntrs'  Chronicle,  I  see  he  is  displeased  with  the  posi- 
tion of  the  1st  prize  bunches  of  Mrs.  Pearson.  I  may 
inform  him  Ihey  were  not  Mrs.  Pearson,  but  Royal 
Vineyard  ;  that  accounts  for  them  being  so  much  out 
of  character  with  the  other  exhibits.   /!/. 

A  Large  Emperor  Alexander  Apple.  —  I 
gathered  a  few  days  since  a  large  Apple  Emperor  Alex- 
ander that  weighed  i  lb.  3  oz.  and  which  is  15  inches 
in  circumference.  Is  this  not  rather  an  unusual  size  ? 
J.  Hotkins,  Hii^k  Cross,  Framfield.  [In  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  minutes,  October  7,  1834,  E.  G. 
Barnard,  Esq.,  is  stated  to  have  shown  one  of 
17  oz.,  so  that  your  fruit  is  the  heaviest  of  which  we 
have  any  record.  Ed] 

Orchids  with  Abnormal  Flowers. — I  know  of 
a  woodland  in  which,  perhaps,  one  half  the  plants  of 
Listera  ovata  (the  Twayblade)  have  two  flowers 
instead  of  one  issuing  from  the  axils  of  the  bracts.  In 
some  cases  as  many  as  half  a  dozen  twin  flowers  were 
counted  on  a  single  plant.  A  specimen  of  the  Butter- 
fly Habenaria  (H.  bifolia)  with  six  pollinia  instead  of 
two,  and  all  perfectly  formed,  I  likewise  secured 
during  the  present  season.   A.D.  W. 


records  date  back  for  a  considerable  period.  In 
the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  it  belonged  to  Richard 
Milner,  Esq.,  who  conveyed  it  to  Sir  Robert  Leigh.  In 
1595,  so  the  local  records  inform  us,  Henry  Talbot, 
a  youngerson  of  Gilbert,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  died  seised 
of  the  manor ;  Gertrude,  one  of  his  daughters  and  co- 
heiresses, married  Robert  Pierrepont,  Earl  of  Kings- 
Ion.  Then  by  marriage  it  fell  into  the  hands  of 
Edwin  Lassels,  Lord  Harewood.  In  1778,  Lord 
Ilarewood  sold  it  to  Edmund  Hodgkinson,  who  resold 
it  to  Thomas  Hallet,  Esq.  ;  of  the  latter  gentleman 
the  late  Sir  R.  Arkwright  purchased  it  in  1782. 

The  Castle  stands  on  the  south  side  of  a  command- 
ing eminence,  which  runs  from  west  to  east,  and 
terminates  the  extensive  range  of  rocks  that  form  the 
eastern  boundary  of  the  Derwent  in  its  course  through 
Matlock  Dale.  Round  the  foot  of  the  hill  the  river 
flows  in  a  grand  sweep  for  some  distance  to  the  east, 
but  afterwards  resumes  its  former  direction  to  the 
south,  and  pursues  its  way  through  a  more  open 
country  to  its  junction  with  the  Trent. 

Immediately  opposite  the  front  of  the  Castle  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river  runs  an  immense  perpendicular 
limestone  rock,  which  forms  the  western  barrier  of 
the  Dale  ;  through  it  a  passage  has  been  made  to 
admit  the  entrance  of  the  new  road  from  the  south. 
From  this  spot  the  building  is  seen  to  great  advantage, 
its  castellated  appearance,  judicious  proportions,  exact 
symmetry,  and  the  surrounding  scenery,  form  a  coup 
d'ceil  that  is  but  seldom  witnessed. 


TRIENTALIS    EUROP^EA. 

A  VERY  charming  little  plant,  nowhere  very 
common,  but  occurring  in  woods  in  the  North  of 
England  and  Scotland.  In  its  manner  of  growth  it 
is  not  unlike  Herb  Paris,  especially  in  its  whorl  of 
leaves  just  beneath  the  umbel  of  white  flowers. 
The  stem,  however,  is  more  wiry,  the  leaves  are 
much  smaller,  and  the  flowers  are  those  of  a  Lysi- 
machia.  The  root-development  is  very  curious,  as 
may  be  seen  from  the  accompanying  illustration 
(fig.  90),  where  A  represents  the  seedling  plant  with 
the  radicle  and  caulicle  ;  B  shows  the  seed,  with  the 
seed-leaves  still  enclosed  ;  c  shows  the  formation  of  a 
horizontal  runner,  at  the  end  of  which  is  developed  a 
small  tuber,  as  at  D.  This  tuberous  develop- 
ment at  the  end  of  the  underground  branches 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  Bindweed,  Convolvulus, 
and  is  a  special  provision  for  ensuring  the  distribu- 
tion and  perpetuation  of  the  species  analagous  to  that 
afforded  by  the  Potato.  A  tuberous  Primrose,  for 
such  this  plant  is  in  a  broad  sense,  will  perhaps  excite 
some  surprise  ;  but,  better  still,  it  may  induce  some 
of  our  amateurs  to  study  the  habit  of  the  plant,  and 
so  ensure  its  successful  culture.  Cribbed  and  cabined 
in  a  flower-pot,  as  it  is  sometimes  seen  in  botanic 
gardens,  it  certainly  is  not  seen  to  advantage. 


WILLERSLEY    CASTLE, 
CROMFORD. 

No  one  having  a  penchant  for  the  picturesque 
should  fail,  when  he  finds  himself  in  that  most 
charming  part  of  Derbyshire,  Matlock  Bath,  to 
pay  a  visit  to  Willersley  Castle,  the  residence  of 
F.  C.  Arkwright,  Esq,  From  Matlock  to  Cromford 
is  a  pleasant  walk  of  under  2  miles,  along  the  valley 
of  the  Derwent,  the  river  running  almost  by  the  side 
of  the  road  the  whole  of  the  distance.  But  before 
the  visitor  leaves  Matlock  the  cliffs,  which  rise  up 
abruptly  and  almost  perpendicularly  on  the  left  hand, 
and  close  to  the  river,  mark  the  outline  of  the 
pleasure  grounds  attached  to  the  Castle.  The  Castle 
is  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  high  limestone  rock  ; 
below  winds  the  silvery  Derwent,  at  the  foot  of 
another  cliff  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river.  The 
carriage  drive  enters  from  the  road  leading  from 
Matlock  to  Cromford,  at  the  foot  of  the  cliff  and 
between  it  and  the  river,  and  then  passing  over 
Cromford  Bridge,  which  spans  the  Derwent,  turns  to 
the  left,  and  so  reaches  the  Castle  by  a  winding 
route  under  the  shade  of  lofty  trees.  On  one  of  the 
stones  forming  the  parapet  of  the  bridge  it  is  recorded 
that  in  June,  1697,  a  frightened  horse  ran  away  with  its 
rider,  and  leaping  the  parapet  on  to  the  ro:ks  forming 
the  bed  of  the  river,  both  were  dashed  to  pieces. 

The  manor  of  Willersley  is  of  ancient  origin.     Its 


grounds  have  great  variety  and  beauty.  Between  the 
Castle  and  the  Derwent  is  a  verdant  lawn,  which 
slopes  somewhat  precipitately  from  the  house,  but 
afterwards  inclines  more  gently  towards  the  river. 
The  east  end  of  the  river  extends  to  Cromford 
Bridge,  which  stands  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  Castle,  near  to  the  entrance  to  the  grounds, 
which  opens  by  a  small  but  very  neat  lodge.  The 
summit  of  the  Cromford  Rock,  which  has  been 
noticed  as  rising  directly  in  front  of  the  Castle,  is 
beautifully  fringed  with  trees  and  underwood,  and 
though  towering  to  a  considerable  height,  it  does  not 
terminate  the  prospect  from  the  Castle,  which  being 
elevated  in  situation  almost  at  the  top  of  the  rocks, 
commands  a  view  of  the  hill  that  rises  beyond  it, 
called  Barrel  Edge  or  Cromford  Moor, 

The  hill  behind  the  Castle  rises  to  a  considerable 
height,  and  is  covered  with  wood  to  its  summit,  as  is 
also  that  portion  of  it  which  extends  eastwardly. 
The  coach-houses,  stables,  &c.,  which  stand  near  the 
mansion  on  this  side,  though  in  a  more  elevated 
position,  are  concealed  by  trees.  In  the  midst  of  the 
wood  are  several  romantic  rocks,  round  which,  and 
on  the  acclivity  of  the  hill,  the  principal  walk  runs  in 
a  circle  of  nearly  a  mile.  The  walk  leading  from 
the  Castle  to  the  west  gradually  turns  to  the  north, 
taking  a  direction  parallel  to  the  course  of  the  river, 
and  passes  under  semi-perpendicular  rocks,  though 
yet  elevated  to  a  great  height  above  the  stream.  The 
rocks  are  in  some  part  hire  of  vegetation,  but   are 


Fig.    90. — TRIENTALIS    EUROP.-EA. 


The  Castle  consists  of  a  body  in  the  form  of  an 
oblong  square,  having  a  circular  tower  rising  from  the 
centre  of  the  roof,  and  a  semicircular  tower  project- 
ing from  the  front,  on  each  side  of  the  entrance,  and 
two  wings,  with  a  round  tower  at  each  angle.  The  whole 
structure  is  embattled,  and  the  eastern  walls  are  of  light 
freestone.  The  spot  on  which  it  stands  was  originally 
occupied  by  a  large  rock,  in  the  removal  of  which 
about  ^3000  was  expended  by  the  late  Sir  Richard 
Arkwright.  The  edifice  was  covered-in  some  time 
in  the  year  1786,  and  before  it  was  inhabited  it  was 
set  on  fire,  by  means  of  a  stove  that  was  over.heated, 
and  all  that  was  combustible  in  it  was  consumed. 
This  accident  happened  on  August  8,  1791. 

The  town  of  Cromford  is  distinguished  by  the 
founder.  Sir  Richard  Arkwright,  that  most  ingenious 
mechanic,  having  established  the  first  cotton  mill,  in 
1 77 1,  erected  in  the  county,  and  the  first  upon  so 
large  a  scale  in  England.  His  astonishing  and 
wonderful  penetration  may  be  discerned  in  the  very 
choice  of  a  situation  so  suitable  to  carry  on  his  ex- 
tensive plans  and  operations,  which  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  that  immense  wealth  now  enjoyed  by  his 
family.  The  mills  are  supplied  from  a  never  failing 
spring  of  warm  water,  which  also  proves  to  be  of  great 
advantage  to  the  Cromford  Canal  in  severe  seasons, 
as  it  rarely  freezes,  in  consequence  of  a  portion  of 
water  from  the  spring  flowing  into  it.  The  mills  are 
now  worked  by  the  grandson  of  the  eminent  founder. 
Close  by  and  near  to  the  bridge  is  the  church, 
which  was  begun  by  Sir  Richard  and  completed  by 
his  son. 

The  gardens  and  pleasure  ground  of  Willersley 
Castle,  extend  over  a  space  ol  about  8  acres.     The 


occasionally  fringed  to  the  tops  with  trees,  particularly 
the  Yew  and  Ash,  the  roots  of  which  insinuate  them- 
selves into  the  clefts  and  fissures  in  a  singular  manner. 
Advancing  up  the  walk  towards  the  point  called  the 
Wild  Cat  Tor,  the  eye  is  delighted  by  one  of  the 
finest  scenes  that  Nature  has  produced.  It  consists 
of  a  long  rampart  of  rock,  opposite  Matlock,  down 
upon  which  the  visitor  looks  from  a  great  height, 
and  from  this  elevation  magnificent  views  of  the 
country  can  be  had  both  to  the  right  and  to  the  left. 
The  walks  were  hid  out  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Webb. 

The  flower  and  kitchen  gardens  are  situated  on  an 
elevated  slope  in  the  rear  of  the  Castle  ;  on  the  west 
side,  nearest  to  the  river,  is  the  flower  garden, 
divided  from  the  kitchen  garden  by  a  lofty  wall ; 
against  this,  on  the  flower  garden  side,  are  trained 
various  creepers  and  flowering  shrubs  ;  among  them 
were  specimens  of  the  charming  Tropasolum  spe- 
ciosum  in  full  bloom.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  flower 
garden  of  a  delightful  character,  with  annuals, 
biennials,  and  perennials ;  a  garden  in  which  there  is 
always  something  in  flower,  from  early  in  the  year 
until  near  Christmas.  At  the  top  of  the  slope  is  a 
spacious  conservatory  filled  with  flowering  plants, 
conspicuous  among  them  some  large  specimen  Fuch- 
sias of  ancient  character,  that  are  repotted  once  in 
two  years  or  so.  It  would  be  almost  impossible  to 
imagine  Tacsonia  exoniensis  in  greater  freedom  and 
more  ravishing  beauty  than  it  is  to  be  seen  here. 
Two  plants  of  it  are  in  pots,  one  at  each  end  of  the 
central  bed,  the  pots  standing  on  the  soil  into  which 
the  roots  have  penetrated.  Mr.  Borlass,  the  gar- 
dener at  Willersley,   considers  it  superior  to  T.  Van 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


441 


Volxemi  for  the  purpose,  as  it  blooms  with  mar- 
vellous freedom.  It  is  trimmed  back  pretty  closely 
at  the  end  of  the  autumn  each  year. 

Entering  the  kitchen  garden,  there  is  seen  at  the 
top  of  the  incline  a  series  of  vineries,  plant  and 
Melon-houses,  running  north  to  south,  and  opening 
at  the  back  into  a  glass-covered  wall  of  considerable 
height,  and  some  8  feet  or  so  in  width.  A  portion  of 
this  glass  wall  is  planted  with  Vines — on  the  front  of 
course.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  are  trained  to  the 
walls  at  the  back,  and  over  curvilinear  trellises  in 
front.  Very  tine  fruit  of  Stirling  Castle,  Violette 
Hi'i  ive.  Early  Beatrice,  and  other  Peaches  are  grown, 
and  of  Eiruge,  Violette  Hative,  and  other  Nectarines. 
In  the  late  house  were  trees  of  Chancellor  Peach  at 
the  back,  with  Royal  Kensington  Peach  and  Lord 
Napier  Nectarine  in  front.  la  one  portion  Figs  ate 
doing  well,  the  Brown  Turkey  being  particularly 
noticeable. 

The  early  vinery  is  a  small  span-roofed  house,  not 
more  than  9  feet  in  height,  planted  with  Black  Ham- 
burghs,  and  from  this  house  as  many  as  400  service- 
able bunches  are  cut.  The  main  crop  vinery  is 
planted  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Barbarossa, 
Alicante,  and  Muscat  Hamburgh.  The  late  vinety 
contains  Lady  Downe's  principally,  and  Alicante. 
Melons  and  Cucumbers,  also  Tomatos,  are  largely 
growo.  The  collection  of  plants  is  a  limited  one, 
fruit  being  preferred. 

From  the  vineries  the  walled-in  kitchen  garden 
slopes  southwards,  and  it  is  well  stocked  with  good 
crops  of  leading  vegetables.  In  this  locality,  except- 
ing Plums  and  Pears,  outdoor  fruits  on  walls  ate  a 
somewhat  precarious  crop,  and  this  has  led  to  such 
an  extension  of  fruit  culture  under  glass. 

The  grounds  ate  admirably  kept  by  Mr.  Botlass, 
and  every  patt  of  the  gardens  and  grounds  is  main- 
tained by  him  in  a  highly  satisfactory  mannet.  Gtand 
timber  trees  are  here.  Beech  in  magnificent  propor- 
tions, Oak  and  Elms  also,  and  some  of  the  Fit  tribe. 
The  grounds  are  well  furnished  with  dense  banks  of 
shrubbery,  evergreen  predominating,  consequently 
the  grounds  are  well  clothed  with  leafage  in  wintet 
and  spting.  On  Mondays  during  the  summer  the 
grounds  are  thrown  open  to  visitots,  and  a  gteat 
many  of  the  excutsionists  to  Mallock  avail  themselves 
of  the  privilege  of  visiting  Willersley,  undoubtedly 
one  of  the  most  charming  and  picturesque  places  in 
this  distiict  of  Derbyshire.  R.  D. 


queen  amongst  the  flowers  from  many  climes,  all  of 
which  will  soon  be  rejoicing  together  in  friendly  rivalry 
in  our  gardens,  and  which  are  so  soon  to  yield  of  their 
abundance  to  Hower  lovers,  owing  to  her  genial  in- 
fluence ! 

Passing  up  Swanston  Street  a  few  days  since,  I 
came  to  the  shop  of  a  well-known  florist,  Mr.  William 
Paton,  in  the  windows  and  on  the  counter  of  which, 
were  some  very  choice  wintet  flowets  in  good  variety 
as  well  as  in  quantity,  and  as  it  may  possibly  interest 
some  of  your  readers  at  home  to  know  what  we  ate 
fond  of  here  (and  all  of  which  find  a  most  ready  sale), 
I  will  enumerate  them  :— A  large  bouquet  of  Violets, 
I  foot  across,  also  many  smaller  bunches  of  the  same — 
The  Czar  being  in  principal  favour  and  use  ;  then 
Hyacinths  and  Natcissus  in  good  vaiiety  ;  Camellias, 
Snowflakes,  Cyclamens,  some  well  grown  varieties  of 
the  last  in  pots  ;  also  in  large  quantities  the  beautiful 
English  wild  yellow  Primrose,  and  some  good  pot 
specimens  of  Chinese  Primula,  in  full  flower. 

In  the  Melbourne  Government  Botanic  Garden,  and 
also  in  some  private  gardens,  may  be  seen  plants, 
still  in  flower,  which  have  been  doing  good  service 
duting  the  whole,  ot  in  some  few  instances  only  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  winter  j  they  are  : — 


^ 


fJoLONIAJ.     j^OTEg. 

WINTER  FLOWERING  PLANTS  IN  VICTORIA, 
AUSTRALIA. 

Winters  here  are  of  course  very  mild  in  com- 
parison with  those  of  Britain,  yet  we  feel  the  cold 
perhaps  as  much  as  do  many  of  our  countrymen  in  the 
dear  old  land,  owing  to  the  fact  that  our  summers  are 
so  much  hotter,  and  consequently  more  debilitating 
to  us,  leaving  the  blood  poorer ;  hence  we  now 
observe  people  clad  in  winter  garb,  all  anxious  to 
keep  as  warm  as  possible.  True  we  have  to  go  many 
miles  inland  to  see  (or  feel)  snow  and  ice — say,  to 
Macedon  ranges,  to  those  in  Gippsland,  or  to  the 
great  dividing  range.  We  cannot,  as  a  rule,  see 
anything  here  to  remind  us  of  our  English  schoolboy 
days,  and  we  are  content — the  frost  is  sufficient. 
Several  recent  frosts  have  left  their  marks  on  sus- 
ceptible plants,  such  as  Alsophila  excelsa,  Arali.i 
papyrifeta,  Araucaria  Bidwillii,  Fourcroya  gigantea, 
Solanum  Warscewiczii,  and  Wigandia  urens.  Still 
the  plants  named,  though  disfigured  a  good  deal,  will 
recover  after  the  commencement  of  spring. 

Our  winter,  so  far,  has  been  a  very  dry  one  for 
garden  operations,  much  of  the  ground  now  being 
trenched  or  dug  shows  no  sign  of  the  penetration  of 
moisture  ;  this  is  to  be  regretted,  as  work  becomes  all 
the  more  expensive,  besides  being  longer  delayed. 
We  are  just  emerging  from  cold  and  short  days,  and 
will  soon  be  in  a  position  to  hail  and  welcome 
beautiful  Spring.  Indeed,  signs  of  her  approach  ate 
not  wanting  ;  for  the  Acacia  dealbata  trees  fringing 
the  Yarra  Rivet  are  already  flowering,  or,  rather, 
they  ate  showing  occasional  sprays  of  their  golden- 
yellow  blossoms,  whilst  A.  podalytaefolia  and  several 
Australian  and  other  plants  ate  in  a  fairly  advanced 
state,  so  far  only  as  flowers  are  concerned. 

Soon  the  chill  and  muffled  figure  of  the  winter 
maiden  will  give  place  to  that  of  her  cheery  sister 


Alo. 


Armeria  splendens 
Banksia  ericifolia 
Borago  officinalis 
Buddleia  madagascariensi 
Calla  sethiopica 
Cliorozema  cordatum 
C;hrys..nthemum  (Py 

Cineraria  (garden  varietie 
Coma  speciosa 
Cydonia  japonica 
Daphne  Fortunei 


Epacris  impressa  (pink  and 


Lavandula  sta:cKas 

Lonicera  capitata 
Narcissus,   in  good   variety 

(inclusive     of     N.      cala- 

ttiinus) 
Olea  ia  pannosa 
Oxalis,  various 
Folgala  grandis 

„     myrtifolia 
Prostanthera  microphylla 
PuUenaia  subumbellala 
Saxifraga  ciliata 


issued  orders  at  once,  and  had  everything  secured  as 
far  as  possible,  and  the  buildings  in  consequence 
suffered  but  little  damage— two  sashes  and  a  few  of 
the  zinc  covets  to  greenhouse  being  the  largest 
extent  of  damage.  But  oh  !  the  poor  Coniferse.  You 
would  be  indeed  grieved  to  see  them  ;  all  the  work  of 
the  last  six  years  neatly  destroyed.  Cinchonas  down 
by  the  thousand  and  large  landslips.  Mr.  Sullivan 
and  myself  have  both  lost  our  ponies.  On  the  day  of 
the  huiticane  we  had  12. 10  inches  of  rain,  and  the 
three  following  days  made  up  a  total  of  35  inches, 
equal  to  over  40  inches  for  the  month,  ot  a  total  of 
160  inches  since  September  30,  1885. 

"The  Hope  Nurseries  have  suffered  greatly,  while 
the  fine  Teak  plantation  is  neatly  destroyed,  many  of 
the  trees  being  snapped  off  in  the  middle  like  match- 
wood, others  blown  over  whole,  sevetal  standing 
without  a  leaf.  All  the  Cacao  down,  and  Nutmegs 
also  ;  but  E.  Campbel  has  done  well— he  had  them 
all  up  and  well  staked  immediately.  King's  House 
has  suffered  more  than  in  1880,  but  the  trees  are  of 
little  value  that  are  down,  and  some  of  them  ate 
pethaps  better  out  of  the  way.  Mr.  Griffin  has  done 
his  best  to  cleat  up. 

"Mt.  Hattis  writes,  'Castleton  isa  wreck.'  Many 
of  the  finest  Palms  have  fallen,  and  also  large 
numbers  of  other  valuable  trees.  He  sends  also  a 
a  list  of  damages  covering  lour  pages  of  foolscap. 
'  Cartshed  blown  away  ;  thousands  of  cuttings  and 
plants  washed  away,  and  the  garden  generally  totally 
demoralized  ;  patade  and  palisadoes  have  fortunately 
suffered  no  damage,'  " 


Eriostemon  mj 

GreviUea  alpin 

„     bu«ifolia 

„     ericifolia 


"     rotun 

difolia 

Tritonia  ai 

rea 

Veronica  Andersoni  vi 

r. 

„     lobel 

oides 

inus 

Viole  s,    The  Czar,  also  th 

ordinary 

including 

white 

varieties 

;    then    we 

have 

Waliflow 

ers    (Cheir 

nihil 

Ch-iri)  i 

1  good    for 

n  an. 

variety 

Arnr 

a  cultriformis 

dealbata 

podalyriifoha 

Arbi 

:us  Unedo 

Boro 

nia  megastigm 

Kenr 

tdya  nionophyll 

Lhotzkya  genetyllo 

d 

In  transition  from  winter  to  spring  the  following, 
now  beginning  to  flower,  are  worthy  of  notice  :  — 

Magnolia  spectabilis 

',',     Yulau 
Micromyrtus  microphylla 
Myosolis  palustris 
Protea  cynaroides 
Spiraea  prunifolia 

I  may  add  that  our  winter  months  are  June,  July, 
and  August,  so  of  course  we  actually  commence  with 
spring  early  next  month. 

Hedge  Plants  in  Victoria,   Australia. 

It  may  interest  some  of  your  readers  residing  in 
similar  latitudes  to  outs  to  know  the  kinds  of  plants 
so  extensively  used  fot  ornamental  hedges  in  Victoria  ; 
they  are  : — 

Pittosporum  eugenoides.— The  only  truly  success- 
ful plant  for  growing  near  front  fences  of  rather  small 
gardens. 

P.  eugenoides  requires  more  space  than  the  others, 
and  bears  cutting  equally  well,  but  it  has  this  addi- 
tional quality,  its  ability  to  withstand  road  dust,  which 
does  not  seem  to  injure  it  at  all. 

The  following  do  well  enough  simply  as  hedge 
plants,  though  not  to  be  considered  ornamental  :— 

Ligusttum  vulgare.— Ordinary  garden  soil. 
"Lycium  hortidum.— Ordinary  garden  soil  and  sandy 
places. 

Leptospermum  iKvigatum. — Sandy  places. 

Acacia  armata.— Sandy  places.  A.  C.  N.,  South 
Yarra,  Melbourne,  July  28. 

Hurricane  in  Jamaica. 

Mr.  D.  Mortis,  late  Director  of  Public  Gardens 
and  Plantations,  Jamaica,  now  of  Kew,  has  received 
the  following  account  of  the  damage  done  at  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  Jamaica,  by  the  late  hurricane. 
Mr.  Hart,  who  is  at  present  in  charge  of  the  several 
gardens,  writes  as  follows  :  — 

"I  have  again  to  be  the  recotder  of  bad  news. 
Almost  to  the  day— six  years  after  the  storm  of  1880 
— we  were  visited  by  a  tetiific  hurricane.  We  had 
noticed  indications  of  it  by  the  barometer  at  mid-day. 
By  3  P.M.  the  mercury  was  pulsating  so  as  to  render 
the   movement  quite   visible   to   the  naked  eye.      I 


STA  TE  OF  THE  iyEA  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LO.VDON 
Fob  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  September  2g,  1886. 


Barometer 

Temperature  of 

THE  AIR. 

ductions 
from 

Wind. 

a 

Tables  5th 

Edition. 

:i 

5 

1 

g 

1 

^ 

1 

s 

1 

0  •^>, 

1 

a 

•oj? 

1! 

5. 

Sept. 

In.    1    In. 

„ 

•    1    ■■ 

„ 

„ 

In. 

»3 

«).9J  -|-QI4  58.0J4»  oji6  o|49.2 

—  6043.4 

0.10 

'4 

30.01  -I-0.1SS7-0  460  H-oSO-S 

—  41 

433 

73 

N.E. 

0.00 

as 

J9.96  +0.Ji'6l.047.oji4.»[s»3 

-  3  5 

4S.» 

77 

S.W. 

0.00 

»6 

29  93   +aI9  61.549  6 

n  9544 

-  0.3 

S>  4 

93 

S.W. 

O.OI 

37 

3980   +0.C763.0J48-5 

M-SjSS.S 

+  0.9 

53-3 

89 

S.W. 

0.30 

58 

39-99+0.2663.5 

,8.. 

■sssso 

+  0.5 

47  2 

75 

S.W. 

0.00 

"> 

2986+0.1469.5 

53^5 

16.060  9 

+  65 

55 .0 

81 

S.W. 

0  00 

Mean 

29  93  |  +  0.t8  6i  9 

47.8 

■4.>S4.' 

—  0.7 

483 

81 

S.W. 

0.3I 

Sept.  23. — Fine,  but  generally  dull,  bright  at  times. 

—  24. — Fine  day  but  overcast  throughout. 

—  25.— Fine,   thin  mist  in  early  morning,  generally  dull, 

but  blight  at  times. 

—  26.— Fine  rain  falling  in  early  morning,  and  frequent 

light  rain  during  the  day. 

—  27.— Fine  till  5  p.m.,  but  wet  afterwards. 

—  28.— Bright  in  the  morning,  dull  afterwards. 

—  29. — Fine  and  bright  day  throughout 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  September  25,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.09 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30  inches 
by  5  P.M.  on  the  iglh,  decreased  to  29.66  inches  by 
I  P.M.  on  the  2 1st,  increased  to  30.10  inches  by  the 
afternoon  of  the  23d,  increased  to  30.20  inches  by 
9  A.M.  on  the  25th,  and  was  30.10  inches  at  the  end 
of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.98  inches,  being  0.22 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0  01  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  66".  1  on  the  19th  ;  the  highest 


442 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBEK  2,    1886. 


on  the  24th  was  57°.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  6i°.7. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  42°  on 
the  23d  ;  the  lowest  on  the  21st  was  52°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  46°.  8. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
23°.6  on  the  19th  ;  the  smallest  was  11°  on  the  24th. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  I4°.9. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  54°.  2  on  the 
19th,  SS°.9  on  the  20th,  56°.9  on  the  21st,  54°.6 
on  the  22d,  49°.2  on  the  23d,  5o°.9  on  the  34th, 
and  52° .3  on  the  25th.  These  were  all  below  their 
averages,  with  the  exception  of  the  20th  and  21st, 
which  were  0°. I  and  i°.4  above,  by  l°.9,  o'.'j,  6°, 
4°. I,  and  2°. 5  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  S3°.4. 
being  4°.  7  lower  than  last  week,  and  2°  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  iis°.5  on  the  20th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  readings  was  I04°.6. 

Jiain.—No  rain  fell  during  the  week. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  25,  the  highest  temperatures  were 
70°.2  at  Cambridge,  67° at  Truro,  and  66°. I  at  Black- 
heath  ;  the  highest  at  Sunderland  was  59°,  and  at 
Sheffield  and  Hull  60°.  The  general  mean  was  63°.2. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Wolverhampton 
34°.4,  at  Bristol  3S°.6,  and  at  Cambridge  39'.8  ;  the 
lowest  at  Plymouth  was  45°.  5,  at  Newcastle  45°,  and 
at  Truro  44°.     The  general  mean  was  4I°.4. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  30°,  4,  at 
Wolverhampton  29°.  5,  and  at  Bristol  26°. 2 ;  the 
smallest  ranges  were  at  Newcastle  13°,  and  at  Shef- 
field and  Hull  18°.     The  general  mean  was  2I°.8. 

The  mean  ot  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  62°.9,  at  Cambridge  62°.4,  and  at 
Blackheath  61°.  7  ;  and  lowest  at  Sunderland  53°.  8, 
at  Newcastle  55°.3,  and  at  Bi.adford  56°.!,  The 
general  mean  was  58°.  6. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Plymouth,  50.°3,  at  Truro  49°,  and  at 
Leeds  48°.!  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
4i°.i,  at  Bristol  43°,  and  at  Sunderland  43°,i.  The 
general  mean  was  46°. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
l8°.6,  at  Bristol  17°.  i,  and  at  Wolverhampton  l6°.3  ; 
and  was  least  at  Newcastle,  8.°2,  at  Liverpool  9°. 6, 
and  at  Bradford  9°.  8.     The  general  mean  was  1 2°.  6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro  and 
Plymouth,  54°.8,  and  at  Blackheath  53°.4  j  and  was 
lowest  at  Sunderland,  47°. 3,  at  Wolverhampton  48°, 
and  at  Hull  49°.     The  general  mean  was  51°.  I. 

Rain. — No  rain  fell  at  several  stations.  The  largest 
falls  were  0.58  inch  at  Liverpool,  0.35  inch  at 
Truro,  and  0.25  inch  at  Sunderland.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0,1  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing September  25,  the  highest  temperature  was  63°.  5 
at  Glasgow  ;  the  highest  at  Leith  was  56°.  9.  The 
general  mean  was  6o°.4. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  36°.  5 
at  Glasgow  ;  the  lowest  at  Leith  was  4i°.4.  The 
general  mean  was  38°.7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Glasgow 
S0°.9 ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen  48°.6.  The  general 
mean  was  49°. 9. 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  o.  i  inch  at  Dundee. 
No  rain  fell  at  Glasgow.  The  general  mean  fall  was 
0.05  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


In  the  "Channel  Islands"  the  minimum  was  no 
lower  than  51°. 

The  rainfall  has  been  rather  more  than  the  mean 
in  England,  N.W.,"  and  "  England,  S.,"  and  about 
equal  to  it  in  "Scotland,  N."  and  "England,  S.W.," 
but  in  all  other  districts  it  has  been  less  than  its  nor- 
mal amount. 

Bright  Sunshine  shows  a  very  general  and  decided 
decrease,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranging  from  between  15  and  21  over  the 
greater  part  of  England  to  33  in  the  "  Channel 
Islands,"  and  35  in  "  Scotland,  E." 

Depressions  Observed. — At  the  commencement  o' 
the  period  a  small  depression  lay  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Channel,  while  pressure  was  highest  over  the 
north  of  our  islands.  By  the  23d,  however,  this 
disturbance  had  dispersed  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Brittany,  and  the  high  pressure  system  in  the  north 
was  moving  slowly  down  our  western  coasts, 
so  that  the  wind,  which  had  previously  been  fresh  or 
strong  from  the  eastward,  backed  gradually  to  the 
northward,  and  moderated.  Towards  the  end  of  the 
period  the  high  pressure  had  reached  France,  the 
wind  in  our  islands  had  backed  to  the  southward, 
and  depressions  skirted  our  western  coasts.  The  dis- 
turbance shown  on  the  27th  was  large  and  deep,  and 
caused  fresh  or  strong  south-westerly  gales  on  nearly 
all  our  coasts. 


^nqui 


xirws. 

"  He  that  questwneth  mitch  shall  learn  ittiich." — Bacon. 

Grapes. — Will  "  Vitis"  (the  writer  of  the  article  in 
last  week's  issue,  p.  395)  kindly  say  what  he  thinks  the 
best  black  and  also  white  Grapes  to  graft  on  Golden 
Queens  growing  with  Black  Hamburghs  which  are  not 
wanted  to  ripen  until  September?  I  tind  it  the  same  as 
"  Vitis  "  says— Golden  Queen  will  not  do  in  the  Ham- 
burgh-house, but  with  Muscats  it  finishes  well.  J.  S. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Celery  Leaves  Disfigured  :  £>.  P.  The  specimens 
sent  are  affected  with  the  Celery-fly  (Tephritis  onopor- 
dinis).    The  Celery-fly  lays  her  eggs  on  the  leaf,  from 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  September  27,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  weather  has  been  very  cloudy 
or  dull  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  but  excepting  in 
the  extreme  west  and  north-west  the  amount  of  rain- 
fall has  been  slight. 

The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts  ;  the  highest  of  the  maxima,  which  were 
registered  on  irregular  dates,  ranged  from  58'  in 
"Scotland,  N.,"  to  68°  in  the  "Channel  Islands," 
and  70°  in  "  England,  S  "  The  lowest  of  the  minima 
were  generally  recorded  on  the  23d,  when  the  ther- 
mometer fell  to  between  31°  and  32^  in  Ireland,  36° 
and  39°  in    Scotland,  and  34°  and  41°   in   England. 


which  maggots  hatch  out.  These  feed  between  the 
upper  and  lower  sides  of  the  leaf.  When  the  insect  is 
present  in  great  numbers  much  injury  results  to  the 
plants.  Never  throw  the  damaged  leaves  on  the  rub- 
bish-heap, as  that  would  be  on  a  par  with  the  Russian 
peasants  who  threw  the  eels  into  the  river  to  drown 
them  ;  but  they  should  be  burned.  Sprinkling  the 
leaves  and  the  ground  during  June,  July,  and  .August, 
with  a  mixture  of  soot  and  lime  will  aid  in  keeping  the 
fly  away.  After  bad  attacks,  skimming  off  4  inches  in 
depth  of  the  surface  soil,  and  mixing  it  with  salt  and 
lime,  will  destroy  many  of  the  pupee. 
B.'iROMETER,  French  -'.  English  :  T.  T.  P.  :— 

I  millimetre  =     0.03Q  inch  i  inch  =  25.39  millimelie 

01         „  =  0.0039    ..  o-i     ■■     =  2-53 

0,0.         „  =  0.0039     .,  °-o'     ..      =  "=5 

Some  ol  the  makers  supply  instruments  with  both 
scales.  The  following  plan  is  sufficiently  simple, 
and  will  ansiwer  for  ordinary  purposes  ;— The  height 
of  the  mercurial  column  being  given  in  millimetres, 
find  the  difference  between  the  given  height  and  the 
standard  heightof  762  millimetres  ;  divide  this  difference 
byl^S.  or  (which  amounts  to  the  same  thing)  multiply  it 


by  4,  and  point  off  two  figures  for  decimals.  Then,  as 
the  case  may  be,  either  add  this  difference  to  30  inches, 
or  subtract  it  from  the  standard  height.  Example  : — 
766  mm.  =762-^4  =  30  inches -f- 16  inches— 30,  r6  inches. 
The  true  value  is  30. 157  inches.  This  rule  is  taken 
from  Kiemtz's  Meteorology. 

Book  on  Church  Decoration  :  Miss  H.  You  have 
been  misinformed.  We  have  never  published  a  book 
dealing  with  the  subject  of  decorating  churches,  and 
neither  do  we  know  of  one  ;  but  we  have  published 
in  our  columns  a  few  articles  on  the  subject.  The 
ioUowing  are  the  references  : — In  1869,  at  pp.  r2o6, 
1255,  and  r3o7  ;  and  in  r87o,  at  p.  496.  These 
numbers,  however,  are  now  out  of  print. 

Books  ;  Wirral  Seed  Stores.  Insects  Injurious  to  Fruit 
Crops.  By  C.  Whitehead,  Esq.  (London  :  Eyre  & 
Spottiswoode),  price  ■j\d.  The  book  on  silkworm  cvX- 
tme  is  Mul/ierry  SiUmirm.  By  C.  V.  Riley,  M.A., 
Ph.D.  (Washington,  V.H.A.  :  Government  Printing 
Office).  We  do  not  know  the  price  of  this  work.  It 
forms  one  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Division  Entomology,  Series,  and  is  Bulletin 
No.  9. 

Double  Gladiolus  :  IV.  H.  Two  flowers  growing 
side  by  side  have  by  some  means  become  inseparably 
united,  like  the  Siamese  Twins.  You  will  see  it  is  a 
different  case  from  true  doubling. 

Fungus  :  C.  W.  D.  Clavaria  pistiUaria  ;  not  very  un- 
common.   W.  ii.  S. 

Garibaldi  (svn.  Vicomtesse  Hericart  de  Thurv) 
Strawberry  Plants  Dying  -  off  :  B.  J.  We 
assume  that  you  give  all  your  Strawberry  plants  Uberal 
supplies  of  liquid-manure  of  some  sort  at  the  roots 
during  their  growing  season,  and  again  when  they  are 
swelling  their  crops,  and  that  this  is  sometimes,  if  not 
frequently,  applied  indiscriminately  over  the  "crowns" 
of  the  individual  plants,  thereby  causing,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  action  of  the  sun  on  the  plants  when  so 
saturated,  the  injury  complained  of ;  and  under  these 
circumstances  it  is  only  reasonable  to  assume  that 
plants  of  the  Garibaldi  Strawberry  are  more  suscept- 
ible of  injury  from  this  cause  than  the  other  varieties 
which  you  grow  satisfactorily  are  ;  and  the  fact  of  the 
"  centre  leaves  flagging  "  prior  to  the  plants  dying  olT, 
while  the  roots  are  in  "grand  condition,"  point  to  this 
conclusion.  Therefore  the  remedy  is  obvious, — avoid 
wetting  the  "crowns"  of  the  plants  in  giving  them 
fiquid-raanure  at  the  roots.  UnderhiU's  Sir  Harry 
would  make  a  good  substitute  for  Garibaldi.  H.  W.  W. 

Large  Elm  Tree  in  an  Unhealthy  State:  T.  S. 
In  your  case  there  is  not  much  to  be  done.  The  moss 
encrusting  the  tree  can  be  killed  during  the  winter 
with  strong  brine,  or  by  dusting  with  powdered  quick- 
lime when  the  moss  is  moist.  The  active  feeders  of  a 
large  tree  are  at  an  unknown  distance  from  the  stem, 
so  tliat  your  plan  of  supplying  them  with  manure  or 
fresh  soil  would  present  great  difficulties,  and  cause 
much  labour.  It  the  tree  is  not  very  old  we  should 
think  that  an  undrained  bad  soil  is  at  the  bottom  of 
the  mischief. 

Mildew  on  Peas  and  on  Vines  :  W.  E.  P.  Peas 
are  very  subject  to  mildew  on  cold  clayey  soil,  and  on 
other  descriptions  of  soil  too,  if  water  be  not  supplied 
abundantly  during  hot  weather,  and  a  mulch  of  half- 
decayed  manure  placed  on  either  side  of  the  row. 
The  mildews  of  Peas  and  of  Vines  are  not  identical. 
The  Vine  mildew  will  attack  your  Vines  only  when  the 
conditions  favourable  to  its  development  exist  in  your 
vineries,  and  you  seem  to  be  too  good  a  grower  of 
Grapes  to  permit  that  to  happen. 

Muscat  of  Ale.\andria  Grapes  :  X.  C.  F.  The 
berries  of  this  Grape  do  vary  somewhat  in  shape, 
some  being  long  ovate,  others  short  ovate,  never 
round.     Those  you  allude  to  were  certainly  not  round. 

Mushrooms  :  J.  P.  A.  The  example  sent  is  a  true 
Mushroom.  Such  instances  of  spontaneous  growth 
are  frequent. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  J.  R.  Haig.  Plums :  r,  Jeffer- 
son ;  2,  Reine  Claude  de  Bavay.—  W.  R.  Apples  :  i, 
Hambledon  Deux  Ans  ;  2,  Ribston  Pippin  ;  3,  Pomme 
Poire  Blanche  ;  4,  Ribston  Pippin  ;  5,  Pear,  Wil- 
liams' Bon  Chieuen.— Joseph  Green,  r,  Passe  Col- 
mar  ;  2,   Althorp  Crassane  ;  3,   Huyshe's  Bergamot ; 

4,  Marie  Louise  ;  5,  Flemish  Beauty  ;  6,  Fondante 
d'Automne  ;  8,  Doyenn(;  du  Cornice  ;  9,  13  and  r4. 
Passe  Colmar  ;  ro.  Autumn  Bergamot ;  11,  Beurri 
Hardy  ;  r2,  Triomphe  de  Jodoigne  ;  15,  Williams' 
Bon  ChrcHien  ;  16,  Beurri?  Superfin. 

Names  of  Plants  :  IK.  B.  Humphreys.  The  rose 
and  white  flower  is  Oncidium  incurvum  ;  the  yellow 
and  brown,  O.  sphacelatum.  Please  number  speci- 
mens in  future. —  Vagabond.  Pitlosporum  revolutum. 
We  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  it  in  fruit  before.— 
J.  O.  U.  Lonicera  Ledebourii.— .-J.  R.  Rosa  lucida, 
a  North  American  species.— W.  B.  H.  1,  Clematis 
tubulosa  ;  2,  Cimicifuga  data?  specimen  insuflncient. 
—Bruce.  Should  address  the  Editor,  i,  Rosa  brac- 
teata  (single  Macartney's  Rose)  ;  2,  R.  cinnamomea  ; 
3,  Finns  excelsa  (probably)  ;  4,  Fuchsia  microphylla  ; 

5,  Bambusa  graciUs  ;  7,  Jasminum  grandiflorum.  We 
have  named  six  of  the  plants  sent — our  usual  number. — 
J.B.  I,  Desfontainiaspinosa  ;  2,  Hibiscus schizopelalus; 
3,  Zygopetalum  Mackayi :  4,    Phyllanthus  nivosus. — 

iV.F.  Vanda  tricolor  Patersoni  certainly. — H.  IV.  W. 
r,  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idaea.  Cowberry.  Leaves  with 
small  scales  on  the  under  surface,  and  with  small 
pointed  calyx-lobes  at  tlie  top  of  the  berry  ;  2,  Arcto- 
staphylos  Uva-Ursi,  Bearberry,  with  oblong  or  rounded 
calyx-lobes  beneath  the  berry. 
Nova  Scotia  ;  A.  T.  S.    Good  Apples  are  grown  in 


OCTOBKR  2,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


443 


the  warmer  parts  ot  the  peninsula,  but  whether  there 
is  a  good  opening  to  growers  of  fruits  is  a  question 
that  we  cannot  answer.  In  any  case,  it  would  be 
belter,  as  you  suggest,  to  take  service  there  for  a  year. 
The  best  time  to  land  is  in  Apiil  ;  work  is  then  plen- 
tiful, as  during  the  severe  winter  much  has  remained 
in  abeyance.  You  could  not  do  better  than  to  apply 
to  the  Office  of  Emigration  or  to  the  Commissioner  in 
the  Canada  Court  of  the  Colonial  Exhibition  for 
information  on  the  other  matters  you  mention. 

Oaks  :  L.  J.  B.  The  broader  leaf  is,  we  believe, 
Quercus  coccinea  ;  it  turns  of  a  beautiful  crimson  in 
autumn.  The  smaller  and  more  divided  leaf  we 
cannot  identify  for  certain  ;  it  may  be  a  form  of  the 
Turkey  Oak,  Q.  cerris,  or  it  may  be  Q.  Tauzin.  The 
forms  are  so  variable  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
distinguish  them  from  single  leaves. 

Peas:  Pic  for.  The  sort  is  probably  Daniel  O'Rourke. 
We  think  that  after  making  us  pay  2d.  on  your  letter, 
and  2ii.  more  for  the  packet,  as  you  now  desire  a  copy 
of  the  paper  to  be  sent  you  containing  your  letter  you 
are  putting  a  little  too  much  strain  on  our  good  nature. 

Ruscus  ANDROGVNUS:  j^.  H.  Suckers  or  brood  will 
often  spring  from  the  roots  of  this  plant,  which  can  be 
taken  off  with  roots  when  grown  to  the  height  of  a  foot 
or  more,  and  be  grown  on  in  a  pot,  or  as  may  be 
desired.  Quite  small  suckers  without  roots  can  be 
taken  from  the  mother  plant  as  soon  as  seen  pro- 
truding from  the  soil.  These  must  be  treated  as  cut- 
tings, potted  in  sandy  loam,  and  kept  in  the  shady 
part  of  a  cool  pit  till  rooted.  With  so  difficult  a  plant 
to  propagate  as  this  layering  might  advantageously  be 
adopted,  first  cutting  the  shoots  halfway  through,  and 
just  below  a  joint,  as  is  done  with  Carnations,  and 
securely  fastening  the  part  operated  on  below  the  soil 
of  the  border,  or  in  a  pot. 

Shanked  Grapes  :  An  Old  Subscriber.  There  is  some 
fault  probably  in  the  management  or  in  the  border, 
and  without  knowing  the  whole  matter  we  cannot  say 
what  may  have  induced  the  disease. 

Soils  :  Hull.  See  Church's  Laboratory  Guide  ;  also, 
the  Soil  of  the  Farm,  by  John  Scott  and  J.  C.  Morton, 

Specific  Names— "  i  "'  or  "ii,"  "ana:"  W.  D. 
Where  the  word  is  unequivocally  a  Latin  one — one 
that  was  actually  used  by  the  Romans — the  Roman 
rule  as  laid  down  in  Latin  grammars  should  be  fol- 
lowed. Where  the  word,  as  is  generally  the  case,  is 
Anglo-Latin,  alias  dog-Latin,  then  the  use  of  /  or  :/ 
is  a  matter  of  fancy.  For  instance,  the  Romans  wrote 
Virgilius  as  the  name  ot  him  whom  we  call  in  English 
Virgil.  In  that  case  we  ought  to  write  Virgilii— ^.^., 
Rhododendron  Virgilii>  or  Virgil's  Rhododendron. 
On  the  other  hand,  we  do  not  know  how  the  Romans 
would  have  written  the  word  Davis  in  Latin.  They 
might  have  written  it  Davisus  or  Davisius  ;  Smithus 
or  Smithius.  In  the  former  case  the  genitive  would 
be  Davisi,  Smithi — in  the  latter  instance  Davisii, 
Smithii  ;  the  termination  iits  in'the  nominative  requir- 
ing ii  in  the  genitive,  the  termination  us  requiring  /. 
In  our  modern  usage  faciUty  of  pronunciation,  or 
elegance  ol  sound,  or  both,  seem  to  rule  the  matter. 
It  seems  to  us  easier,  and  more  pleasant  to  the 
ear,  to  say  Smithii  than  Smithi,  Cooperi  than 
Cooperii,  Bathi  than  Bathii,  Halesii  than  Halesi, 
but  perhaps  to  others  this  may  not  be  so.  In 
such  a  case  the  law  of  least  trouble  seems  to  hold 
good.  As  to  the  termination  ana,  it  is  a  botanical 
rule  (too  often  unheeded)  that  ana  should  imply  a 
mere  complimentary  designation,  while  /  or  ii  implies, 
or  should  imply,  some  direct  personal  interest  in  the 
plant  so  named  ;  thus  Azalea  Davisiana,  feminine,  or 
Rhododendron  Davisianum,  neuter,  or  Helleborus 
Davisianus,  masculine,  would  each  and  all  imply  that 
the  name  was  given  merely  out  of  comphment  to  Mr. 
Davis.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  name  were  written 
Rhododendron  Davisi,  a  botanist,  or  one  familiar  with 
botanical  nomenclature,  would  rightly  consider  that 
Mr.  Davis  had  either  discovered  the  plant  or  been  the 
first  to  describe  it,  or  perhaps  to  raise  it.  It  is  quite 
customary  to  use  a  Latin  name  in  the  last  instance, 
but  we  think  this  is  a  misfortune,  because  it  creates 
confusion  between  the  designation  of  a  wild  or  native 
plant  and  one  raised  by  the  art  of  the  horticulturist, 
whereas,  if  the  English  name  Davis'  Rhododendron 
were  used,  no  such  confusion  could  arise. 

The  Latest  Gooseberries  :  J.  Crook.  Red  :  Echo, 
Roaring  Lion,  Overall.  Green  :  Conquering  Hero, 
Profit,  Riley's  Thumper,  very  late.  Yellow  :  Husband- 
in::  n.  Viper,  and  Duckwing.  Those  in  italics  are  of 
excellent  flavour,  and  all  are  Lancashire  prize  kinds, 
but  none  will  be  found  to  equal  the  Red  Warrington, 
Keens'  Seedling,   and  Champagne  Red,   for  dessert 

The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institution  : 
J.  Rogers.  Apply  to  Mr.  R.  Cutler,  the  Secretary, 
50,  Parliament  Street,  Westmister,  S.W. 

Vines  :  7.  ^f-  ^-  ^-  The  roots  are  most  decidedly  in- 
fested with  the  phylloxera.  Root  out  all  the  affected 
Vines  and  borders  most  thoroughly,  and  replant  with 
Vines  from  a  phylloxera-free  source. 

Writers'  on  Bees  :  Edwin  Jackson.  In  answer  to 
the  inquiry  in  the  Gardeners'  Chro7iicle  of  September  25 
for  names  of  writers  on  bees  previous  to  the  year  1700, 
I  find  in  the  hncyclopcEdia  Britannica  that  there  is  a 
treatise  by  Butler,  a  gentleman  of  Oxford,  called  the 
Feminine  Monarchic,  or  Ihe  History  of  Bees,  printed 
in  1609.  L.  W. — Mr.  Jackson's  best  plan  would  be 
to  apply  to  Messrs.  GecJ.  Neighbour  &  Sons,  of  Regent 
Street,  London,  for  a  catalogue  of  the  "  rare  books  " 
on  bees.  Several  in  that  list  would  suit  Mr.  lackson. 
W.  ChiUy. 


•»*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  ihe  paper  a.nd  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

^^  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Welhngton  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —  Letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

James    Dickson    &    Sons,     "Newton"     Nurseries, 

Chester— Rose  List. 
E.  J.  Jarman,  Chard,  Somerset — Flower  Roots,  Roses, 

Seeds,  &c. 
M.    Baudrilles,    Gennes   { Mai ne-et- Loire),    France — 

General  Catalogue. 
ROUSTAN    Servan,  St.   Remy-de-Provence,    France — 

Seed  List.  

COMMUNJCATIONS  RECEIVED  :— L.  A.  L.— W.  H  —J.  D.  D. 
-M.  S  -C.  Lorenz.— J.  G.  H.  -  E.  V.  B.— T.  B.-J.  F  — 
H.  W.  W.— W.  E.-C.  B.— E.  W.-W.  Drover  (not  suitable). 
-J.  Braye.— F.  W.  B.  (next  week).— C.  &  Co. -Professor 
Gravis,  Liege.— H.  T.— Canon  P.  J.  W.  O  (next  week).- 
W.  B.  &  Sons.— S.  Brigid.-Dr.  Vallardi,  Milan.— M.  Y.— 
—A.  H.-J.  B.-H.  H.— C.  N.-G.  H.— J.  C. 


[arhels. 


COVENT   GARDEN,    Septemba    30. 

The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  re%-isc  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 


No  alterations  to  speak  of.  Ja. 
Apple  Market. 


Webber,  Wholesale 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Price: 


Apples.  J^-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs  per  n 
Lemons,  per  case 
Melons,  e;ich 


Peaches,  per  dozen...  i  o-  6  ( 
Pears,  per  dozen  . .  i  o-  i  ( 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  2  6-  3  < 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  &-  8  c 
Plums,  J4-sieve       . .   o  g-  2  < 


Vegetables.- Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  4 
Aubergines,  each  ..  o 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb.  .  o 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  1 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  o 
Carrots,  per  bunch . .  o 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  3 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  o 
Endive,  F>er  dozen  . .  1 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . .  o 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. .  i 
PoTATos  ; —  Kent  Regents,  60J.  to  Bar.  ;  Schoolmasters,  -jos. 
Beautv  of  Hebron,  90J.  per  ton. 

Plants  in  Pots. — .\vhragh  Wholesale  Pricks. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 

Mint,  green,   bunch  04-.. 

Mushrooms,    punnet  16-26 

MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 

Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 

Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-.. 

Potatos,  per  cwt.    ..    40-50 

„     kidney,  per  cwt  40-50 

Shallots,  per  pound..  03-.. 

Spinach,   per  bushel  50-.. 

Tomatos,  per  lb.      ..    09-  .. 

Turnips,  bunch        ..  04-  .. 

Veget.  Mar.,  each..  03-.. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz-  6  0-18  1 
Asters,  per  dozen  .  30-61 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  < 
Bouvardias,  doz  . .  12  o-i3  1 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-12  i 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  < 
Dracsena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .  .  .30  0-60  < 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  > 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  > 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .         . .  6  0-24  1 


s.d.. 


each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18  o 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
ous. e.ich   . .  . ,  2  o-io  o 
Fuchsias,  dozen      ,.   30-60 


Lili( 


-30  < 


Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  -.6  0-12 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  40-6 
Myrtles,  per  dozen..  6  0-12 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz.  . .    30-6 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


ArumLilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  blooms  . . 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 


bunches  ..  ..20-. 
Eucharis,   per  dozen  3  o-  \ 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  2  o-  < 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2  o-  i 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  1  o-  : 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o  6-  : 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  6-  c 
Lapageria.red.  12  bl  i  o-  ; 
Lihum    longiflorum, 

12  blooms  ..         ..  4  o-  ( 


Marguerites,    per    12 

bunches     . . 
Mignonette,  12  bun. 
Pelargoniums,  per  12 

Pyrethrums.  12  bun.  : 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  1 
—  red,  per  dozen  . . 

Stephanotis,    per    12 

Sweet  Peas,  12  bun. 
Tropaeolums.  12  bun. 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  1 


SEEDS. 

London:  Sept.  29, —Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  yj,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  state  that  there 
was  a  poor  attendance  on  the  seed  market  to-day,  with 
very  little  business  doing.     There  is  a  (air  inquiry  for 


winier  Tares  at  the  unprecedentedly  low  rates  now 
ruling.  Occasional  orders  for  Tri  folium  still  drop  in  ; 
the  season  must  now  be  considered  as  over.  Clover 
seeds  of  all  kinds  fail  to  attract  any  attention.  Blue 
boiling  Peas  are  now  offering  at  less  money  ;  the  trade 
is  not  very  active.  Canary  seed  keeps  steady.  Hemp 
seed  continues  remarkably  cheap.  Some  choice  New 
Zealand  Cocksfoot  is  now  obtainable  on  moderate  terms. 
Other  articles  remain  unchanged. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane  ;  Sept.  27. — Although  the  receipts  of 
Enghsh  Wheat  have  been  very  moderate,  and  of  foreign 
much  lighter  than  recently,  the  trade  ruled  exceedingly 
dull  for  both  descriptions.  The  former  was  sold  occa- 
sionally rather  in  favour  of  buyers,  and  for  runs  of 
English  new  white  34J.  is  now  a  very  extreme  quota- 
tion. Foreign  Wheats,  without  being  quotably  easier, 
also  tended  in  that  direction.  Flour  was  sold  in  retail 
lots  at  the  rates  of  this  day  week,  but  bd.  less  would  be 
taken  for  quantity.  Grinding  Barley  met  a  slow  sale  at 
late  rates.  Good  and  fine  malting  Barley,  being  scarce, 
was  very  firm,  but  common  qualities,  of  which  the 
supply  mainly  consisted,  met  little  attention.  Beans 
sold  steadily  at  previous  rates.  Peas  did  not  meet  much 
inquiry.  Though  Oats  have  arrived  largely  there  was 
rather  more  buying  to-day,  rates  being  upheld  for  all 
good  corn. 

Sept.  29. — No  quotable  change  occurred  in  the  value 
of  either  Wheat  or  flour  to-day,  but  both  were  very 
difficult  to  sell.  Malting  Barley  met  less  inquiry,  but 
grinding  sorts,  whilst  quiet,  were  steady  in  value.  Oats 
were  rather  firmer. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Septem- 
ber 25  :  —  Wheat,  30J.  ^i. ;  Barley,  27^.  6t/,  ;  Oats, 
i8j.  'jd.  For  the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — 
Wheat,  301.  \Qd. ;  Barley,  31J. ;  Oats,  191.  A^d. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  {East  London)  :  Sept.  29.— Very  good 
supplies  of  all  kinds.  Trade  fair  at  prices  as  follows  :— 
Apples,  2.S.  to  41.  per  bushel  ;  Pears,  -zs,  to  33.  td.  do.  ; 
Damsons,  is.  6d.  io\j^.  do.  ;  Plums,  2s.  to  3^.  do.  ;  Cauli- 
flowers, gd.  to  2s.  f)er  dozen  ;  Vegetable  Marrows,  2j.  6d, 
to  y.  per  tally  ;  Cabbages,  2s.  6d.  to  4J.  6d.  do.  ;  Greens, 
2S.  to  2S.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches;  Turnips,  is.6d.  to 
2J.  do.  ;  Carrots,  is.  ^d.  to  15.  6d.  do.  ;  Parsley,  is.  to 
I  J.  6  J.  do.  ;  Onions,  2S.  to  2s.  6d.  do.  ;  Carrots,  35J.  to 
38J.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Sept,  28.— Supplies  and  trade  during 
the  past  week  have  been  good.  Quotations  : — Cab- 
bages, 2s.  6d.  to  31.  per  tally  ;  CauUflowers,  is.  6d.  to 
2J.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  «oj.  to  21s.  per  ton  ;  Carrots, 
household,  30J.  to  40s.  do.  ;  Carrots,  cattle  feeding,  20s, 
to  251.  do.  ;  Mangels,  20^  to  22J.  do.  ;  Apples,  5J.  to 
5J.  6d.  per  bushel ;  Watercress,  6d.  per  dozen ;  Toma- 
tos, i^.  to  2s.  per  dozen  lb.  ;  Apples,  cooking,  31.  to  51. 
per  bushel  ;  Damsons,  is.  2^.  to  is.  4ld.  per  half- 
bushel  ;  Plums,  is.  3rf.  to  is.  ^id.  do.  ;  William  Pears, 
8j-.  to  9i.  do.  ;  Celery,  iis.  to  12s.  per  dozen  rolls. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Sept.  28. — A  slow 
demand  prevailed,  business  being  confined  to  best 
samples  almost  exclusively.  Quotations:  —  Kent  Re- 
gents, 7CW.  to  90;.  ;  Essex,  451.  to  70s.  ;  Hebrons,  70s. 
to  90J.  ;  Early  Rose,  50J.  to  70i. ;  and  Magnura  Bonums, 
50J-.  to  8oi.  per  ton. 

Columbia  {East  London)  :  Sept.  29.— Beauty  of 
Hebron,  70i.  to  901. ;  Kent  and  Surrey  Regents,  65^.  to 
85^. ;  Magnura  Bonums,  50^.  to  70s.  ;  and  Early  Roses, 
SOS.  to  70s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Sept.  28.  —  Magnums,  best,  555.  to 
70s.  ;  seconds.  45J.  to  50J.  ;  Champions,  45^.  to  50J. ; 
and  Regents,  6oi.  to  65^.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  only  25  bags  from  Hamburg  and  2  from 
Harlingen. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel  Sept.  28. — There  was  a  good  supply 
of  fodder,  but  only  a  dull  demand,  especially  for  Clover. 
Prices  were  as  follows  : — Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  107s.  ; 
inferior,  70s.  to  85J.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  90J.  ;  inferior, 
30J.  to  b^s. ;  and  straw,  27J.  to  361.  per  load. 

Sept.  30. — A  Urge  supply  was  on  offer,  but  trade  was 
dull  at  late  prices, 

Cumberland  {Regent's  Park)  :  Sept.  28. — A  good 
supply  was  on  offer,  but  with  a  dull  trade  for  meadow 
hay,  lower  prices  being  taken  to  effect  a  clearance. 
Quotations: — Clover,  best,  951.  lo  102s.  6d.;  second, 
75^  to  80J.  :  hay.  best,  841.  to  88j.  ;  second,  70J.  to  80s. ; 
and  straw,  30J.  to  37^.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Sept.  28.  — Hay,  80s.  to  no.f.  ;  Clover, 
90J.  to  iios.  ;  and  straw,  $os.  to  35^.  per  load. 


Goverument  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  the  final  figures  of  the  previous  Saturday— viz. ,  loi 
to  loi^  for  delivery,  and  lor,';^  to  100^  for  the  account. 
The  final  quotations  of  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  were 
loi  to  ioi|  for  both  deUvery  and  the  account.  The 
closing  record  on  Thursday  was  ioo|  to  101  for  delivery, 
and  loofl  to  loiyg  for  the  account. 


444 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  2,  1886. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  la  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  '*  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ij, 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties. 

including    Descriptive     **  List    of  New,    Rarb,     and 

Choice  Ferns."  and  *'  Hardy  North  American  Fbrns," 

free  on  application. 

W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FEEN    NHRSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  45.  per  100.  Plarts  in  small  pots,  i6i.  per  100 ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  25^.  per  ico.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 

AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

PEARL    TUBEROSES,  Katal  grown. 

EVERLASTING    FLOWERS. 

EDWARDS  &>  BELL,  Maritsburg. 

Our  Bulbs  have  all  been  raised  from  Picked 
Seed,  and  are  "  second  to  none  "  in  the  market. 
Particularly  fine  and  well  selected. 


FOR     PRICES     AND     TERMS.     APPLY    TO 

PERCY   J.    POOL  &    CO., 

4,  BISHOPSGATE  STREET  WITHIN,  E.G. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
Se&  Gardeners'  Chronicle  o^S^-^t  4,  p.  238.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

AFRICAN    TUBEROSES, 

WM.    KISLEY,    Maritzburg,  Natal. 

The  Trade  and  Growers  are  hereby  informed  that 
Mr.  Risley's  Crop  is  now  landed.  The  Bulbs  are  in 
splendid  condition,  large  and  healthy,  and  altogether 
such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the  market. 
Quotations  very  low.  Cases  free.  Terms,  net  cash. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 

WM.    G.    MAC    GREGOR, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.G. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob    and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,  F  R  H  S  .   Calcot  Gardens,    Beading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and    PAMPHLETS     on   application. 

B     U     L  ~B     S  7 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  compiising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  AND   SEED   MERCHANTS 
WORCESTER. 

JERSEY    FRUIT  TREEs! 

Carriaee  Paid  for  Ca^ih  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  COKNU  &  SON,  High  View 
Nurseries,  who  w,II  stnd.  Carriage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL. 

V7  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description-  Pnce  6s.  per  bushel 
{ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6a!!.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgai 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4(^.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25*.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  t0Q&), 

40J.  :  4-bushel  bags,  4(i.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  51.   id.    per    sack  ; 

5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  ss.  per  sack,  5  sacks  aai,  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  gj.  per  bushel ;  15J.  per  hall 
ton.  s6s   per  ton  in  a-bushel  bags,  4d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  li   per  bushel, 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s,  6J.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO  CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  FR.H  S.,  2,,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

bCOA-NU'F^FIBRE     REFUSE,    newly 

made,  Truckload  (2  tons)  Zi  ;  40  bags,  25s.  Free  on 
rail.  Cash  with  order.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO  ,  Fibre  Mer- 
chants, 153.  High  Street,  Battersea,  S  W. 

EAT  and  SAND,— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards,  each  at  loj,  per  yard.  Id  bags,  at  2j,  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNU.M,  los.  bd.  per 
bag,     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  IM,  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Faruboro' Station,  Hants. 


TMPORTANT    to    ORGHID    GROWERS. 

X         Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT, 

Quotation  wiih  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 

10,  Cullum  Street,  London,  E,C. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  21.  61.,  5s.  id., 
and  lor,  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  hags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality, 

HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY,     Cata- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kenaard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.K, 
Established  r854, 

THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
UQ  soltly  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwt.  and  over  carriage  paid. 
Out  London  Agent  is  Mr,   GEORGE,  10,    Victoria   Road, 

ND  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals, 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    5f.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221.  bd. 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ,,   ^s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  2of. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  25J. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  , ,     'l 

PREPARED  COMPOST, best  lis.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     (         (sacks  mcluded). 

PEAT  MOULD } 

SILVER  SAND, coarse,  ij.  6a.  per  bush.,  14;.  half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ii.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         . .     id.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSl. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Sp^cialiti)    %d.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finestMilltrack..     51.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

allkindsofPlants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  IJ.  6</. 

Bags- ylb.,  3s.;  141b.,  5J.:  281b.,  8j.;  561b.,  ,4^.:  icwl.,22j, 
VIRGIN  CORK,  bestquality  only-i4lb,  35. ;  281b.,  51.  6rf,; 

56  lb,  ios.6d.-.  I  cwt,  17J,  [per  bushel, 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  21,  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  ts.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  r5  sacks,  13^'.  ;  20  sacics,  17J.  ; 

30  sacks.  255 ;  40  sacks,   3or.    Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

255.     Limited  quantities  of  G, ,  special  quality,  granulated,  ill 

sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Ca^h  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL    LONDON,  E. 

E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

Eor  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london,    w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


commenctnp 


.  Months, 


^^§°  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £,\  y.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  lu.  i\d.\    3  Months,  6j.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  ^i  6i.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1  %s.  id. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


October  2,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


445 


HUGHES*  SOLUBLE 

FIR-TREE  OIL  NSECTiciDE 

Is.  6d.,  2s.  6(1.,  and  4S.  6d.  a  Bottle  :    Gallon,  12b.  6d., 
less  in  larger  quantities. 

HUGHES'  APHICIDE,  Is.  6d.  By  post  js.  Zd. 
HUGHES'  GREEN  SHADING  Is. ;  post  is. 2d. 

Also  CREAM  SHADING.  9d.  pet  Box,  per  post  Is. 
HUGHES'   FLORAL    CEMENT,    in    Bottles, 

Is.  and  29. 

HUGHES'  TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER, 

most    effectual    in    Greenhouses,    6d.,    Is.,  and    2s.  6d. 

Post  3d  tx.ra. 
A  TREATISE  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 
■  ent  Pcst-free,  on  receipt  of  address,  by  E  G.  HUGHES, 
Or  ir.itive  Chemist.  Victoria  Street,  Manche-ter.  Wholesale 
frim  all  the  London  Seed  and  Horliciiltural  Sundries  Mer- 
chants. Wholesale  Drucaists,  and  Patent  Medicine  Houses. 

T^I^HURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

VJ  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Fed  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
Rallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  (or  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  ij.,  3^.,  and  loj.  (jd. 

(^  ISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 

V_X  wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d.  and  is-,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

ILVER    SAND.— 24i.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 

Best  3or.  do.  :  PEAT,  631.  per  truck  of  lo  cubic  yards. 
Best.  80J  ,  loos..  and  nor.  do.;  LO.aM,  best,  50J.  per  truck  of 
<tons;  (JRCHID  Mi)b~,  &c. 

W.  SllUKT,  Honicultural  Co,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 

ARDEN    REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Cork,    RalTia,     Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
Worx,   Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 

A"  RCHANGEU  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BUKG,  and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  a.tiv..l.  at  reduced  pr,ce  SEf.D 
B\GS  and  SACKS.  HOPES.  LINESa.id  TWINF.S.  TAR. 
PAUI.INSand  HORSE  CLOI'HS.  Prices  on  aoi.hcali  m. 
J.iMEST.  ANDERSO.V.  ug  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

Russia  Mats— Raffia. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,  of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FlhEE, 
of  best  quality.  4c.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZand  FISHER,  James  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

LAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or   Walks  under   Trees.      Prices,   id.,    lorf., 
per  yard 


The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Vorks. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
ate  made  in  mateiials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  th«y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insecls, 
take  up  httle    room,  and, 

further   labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsiand  Road.  £. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FoXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Fiee  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconicf;,  &c., 
from  ■^s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  Ac.  Grooved  and  ether  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Walt  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  preai  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &:c- 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO  ,  Briclc  and  Tile  Merchanis. 

See  Addresses  above. 


s 


I      L 


V      E      R  SAND, 

sc  grain  as  desired.     Price,  hy  post,  per  Ton 


FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeri 

KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM    supplied  at  li 

quantities. 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER, 


HOT-WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  description. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Ventilating 

Arrangement 

for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    EAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PURPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM   FITTINGS,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 

HOETICULTORAl  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IKON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  ire. 


APPARATUS  for  WARMINQ  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS, 
I  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1886, 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glared  and  painted: — 

0  reet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    ^,2  15     o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  „         *,  4  15     o 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ,,  3  t5     o 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  „         „  6  10     o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

R.      HALIilDAY      Sc      CO., 

Hothouse  Buil.iers  and  Eneineers, 

ROYAL  HDRTICUI-TURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON 

MANCHESTER. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON,    E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  wiU  give  Estimales  for 
every  descripiion  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'  NEW  ROCKWOkK  material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 

121,  Bunhill  Row,  and  35.  Poultrv.  Cheapside,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  applit^ation. 


K^LASSHeUSES&ttEAflN^ 


:B.W.W30eR«11-RST 


-31a,   BRAOTORT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  S.W.f 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  200  leet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Gla^  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &     SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  St.  Jonna  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

T/oci  List  o.nd  P-ruts  on  afiluatuK.     Quote  ChriymcU. 


ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co,  (Ld,), 

(lae    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Established  Haifa  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, supply  the  purest  Anthracite  fir  HnrticultiirJl  purposes 

COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
Londoa  Offices    and    Depot.   3,    Mileage   station, 

PaddlngtOn.  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co  will  be  pleaded  to  furnish 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


446 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  2,  i8 


THE  GARDENER^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 

Head  Lim  chari^ed  as  two. 

15  Lines. ..£o     8     6 


4  Lines. 

./,o     3 

5      „     . 

■   o    3 

6      „     . 

.    o     4 

7     „    . 

.   o    4 

8     „    . 

•   o     5 

9     „    . 

•    0     5 

10     „    . 

.    o    6 

11     „    . 

.    o    6 

12     „    . 

.    o    7 

13     „    . 

•    o    7 

14     „    . 

.    o     8 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


o   lo 

O     II 


o   13 
o  13 


across  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  3oi. 

cross  three  Cohimos,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40s. 
Page             „         ..          _         ..;£9     o     o 
Half  Page  „          . .          _         ...500 
Column        350 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  Sd.,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  lioe. 

THHSK   ADVERTISEMENTS   MUST   BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  ~  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  hairing  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autltorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages.  $s.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week   must  reach  tht  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  tu  Advance. 


Foreign  {exceotin?    India    and    China) :    including    Postage 

£1  6S.  for  12  Months;    India  and  China,  £1  Ss.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


FAWKES'  Slow-combus- 
tion HEATING  APPARAl  US. 
— Most  efficient  and  cheapest  in  ex- 
istence. Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting.  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention.  Will  burn  house 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel.  Any  one  can  fix  it.  A  do- 
mestic seri'ant  can  stoke  it 

Boilers  Delivered  Carriage  Paid 
from  £2  lOs 

Numbers       in 


4_    'h 


country 

Only  Slow 

Combustion  Ap 
paratus     of     the 

Beware  of  tn- 
e^ctent  tncom- 
pleie  Apparatus^ 
ivhich  -wiU  not 
last  all  night 

Full  particulars 
and  Prices  of 
every  sized  Ap- 
paratus, and 

mooials  for  last 
three  seasons, 
showing    enorm- 

free  on   applica- 

CEOMPTON     &    FAWKES, 

CHELMSFORD. 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH    GREENHOUSE 

HOT  WATER    APPARATUS 


n       a  n  n  ua  cost. 
_     -„       -ig    w   h  B  open 

feed  syphon.  12  feet  of  4-inch  hot-water  pipe,  and  patent  joints 
complete,  ^4  4s.      Delivered  free  to  any  station.      Discount  for 
cash.    Cost  of  apparatus  complete  for  Greenhouses  as  below, 
delivered  free  willi  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  (or  fixing  : — 
10  X   6  feet     ..£,     14    o    I    20   X    10  feet    ..£6      00 
12   X   8  feet     ..     5       I     o        25    ;<    12  feet    ..     6     16     8 
IS  X   9  feet     ..     5    10    8    I    40  X   16  feet    ..12    12    4 

Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.     Estimates  free. 
Illustrated  LIST,  wilh  full  particulars  of  these  and    every 
description  of  Fuel,  Grs,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

HORIICI^LTURAL   IJuiLDERS  AND   HoT-WATER  ENGINEERS 

«-'SKJ.''^j  LONDON   BRIDGE, 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 

ROBERTS'S     PATENT, 

for  Greenliouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

Pure  nnd  ample  Heat  24  hours  or  longer  for  about 
lit,  without  attention.  Pamphlet  and  authenticated 
Testimonials  sent.     In  tise  daily  at  Patentee's — 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria    Street,    'Westminster,    S.'W. 


THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


\   Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes.  9  feet  long,  4J.  3^.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4J.  6d.  each. 
Full  lilustraicd  Rez''$cd  Price  List  on  at>piication. 


'^ARNER  S       Celebrated      AQUAJECTS. 

"^       "       .  Medals  awarded  Calcutta  Exhibition,  1883-4. 
■^^^tV    dnd  the  best  implement  of  its  type. 

Numerous  Testimonials, 
Very  simple  and  durable. 
Will  wear  for  years. 

Price  308. 

Unsolicited  Testimonial 
may  last  20  more."' 
Weston-super-Mare. 
To  J.  Warner  &  Sons. 

April  17,  1SS5. 
From  W.  Brook  rs  (late 
Stephen  Brown), 
Seedsman,      Nursery- 
man and  Florist. 
Gentlemen.  —  I    have 
nt  per  rail  an  Aquaject 
thoroughlv     re- 
ed except  the  spread- 


Ido 


th.it  : 


.hed.  Ihav 
f  conitnnt/y  Jor  just 
j^ears,  with  very  lutle 
jairs,  which  speaks 
11  for  it  ;  and  I  ihmk 
thoroughly  repairing 

Yours  respectfully, 
(Signed)  W.  Brookes." 
JOHN  WARNER  AND  SONS,  Hydraulic  and  Horticultural 
Engineers,    The   Crescent    Foundry,    Cripplegate,    E.G.  ;    and 
The  Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Naze.  Essex.  _     To  be  ob- 
tained of  every  Ironmottger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 


BOULTON   k    PAUL,    NORWICH 


\ 

LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powerful  Garden 

Engine  combined. 

Th  s    implement    is     most 
useful    in  large   gardens  ;    is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread- 
er   for  distributing  water  or 
A^l  ]     1    manure        Waterpots 
^^^  d  pails  can  be  filled  when 
he  sp  eader  is  not  in  use. 
Cash  Price — Carriage  Paid. 
C  mpleted-i  galls.) /510!. 


IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No  66  (or  2CO  ft  Urn  tub  ng  . .  loi.  6d. 
No  67  for  "  o  ft  5p  in  tubing  ..  i2j.  6rf. 
No   68  for  200  ft    ^i  ID    tubing  ..  i^r.  od. 

Strong  Wrouglit  Garden  Barrow. 


Cash  Prices. 

■n.     iS  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 

X         nised  Steel  'fanle,  Zi  12s. 

I  30gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 

-«        nised  Steel  Tank,  i;i. 

V/   36-gj"-   Batrow,    with    Oak 


, Tub,  £.2 

CATALOGUE    of  GARDEN  IMPLEMENTS 
sent  free  on  afplicaUoK. 

BOULTON  ^  PAUL,   NORWICH. 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    i;2, 215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  KDtel  Buildings,  W.C  • 
or  at  the  Head  Office:— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH   is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  ■ 
itdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.     .     w; 


introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  uoprincipled 
mutators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasmg  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  most 
of  the  Nobihiy  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  Sd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq..  The  RyUys,  Alderley  Lodge 

•  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  It  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

T  ^1^7.".'*'  '^  '^^^'^  T^^:^^^  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Irade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  applicatioo  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,   near    Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.C.  ;  and 
n6.  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 

Wood. 

THE  GENERAL  WOOD  COMPANY 
Swedish  Wharf,  High  Street,  Peckham,  London,  t,  E  ' 
supply  all  descriptions  of  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES.  Manuf.ictured  DOORS,  FLOCKING 
MOULDINGS.  SASH-BARS,  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS.  rrui.u 

Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 

XT'  REE       GRANTS      OF      LAND 

J-  IN     CANADA. 

In  Manitoba,  the  North- West,  and  all  the  other  Provinces. 

Improved  Farms  for  Sale  in  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick 
Prince  Edward  Island.  Quebec,  Ontario,  Manitoba,  North- 
West,  and  British  Columbia. 

Openings  for  Investment  of  Capital. 

For  Products  and  Manulactures  of  Canada,  see  Canadian 
Section,  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition.  Assisted  Passages 
olfered  to  Farm  Labourers  and  Domestic  Servants. 

For  Pamphlets  containing  maps  and  other  information, 
supplied  gratis  and  post-free,  apply  to  the  High  Commissioner 
for  Canada,  g,  Victoria  Chambers,  London  S  W  ■  Mr  f 
DYKE.  15,  Water  Street,  Liverpool ;  Mr.  T.  GRAHAMe'  40 
St.    Enoch    Square,    Glasgow  ;    or  at   the   CjinaHlan    .';.,..':™' 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


To    Travellers,    Commission   Agents,    &c-,    having 

ii.fliience  amongst  Fruit  Growers,    Nurserymen,    and   the 

TX7 ANTED,  by   an   old-established  English 

»»  .  hov^s.iffiuemial  REPRESENTATIVES  throu-hout 
the  United  Kingdom  and  abroad,  to  introduce  Plants  of  certain 
striking  and  most  valuable  novelties  in  the  Fruit  Department  — 
Address,  REVOLUTION,  T-  W.  Hannaford,  73,  Ludeate 
Hill,  London,  E.C. 

Florist,  Fruiterer,  and  Greengrocer. 
TX7"ANTED,    an    experienced    MANAGER 

»  I  and  Wile,  to  take  Charge  o(  a  First-class  West  End 
Business.  Established  seven  years.  With  option  of  purchase. 
Valuable  Lease-thirty-eight  years.  Rent  .£,00  Letoff;£65. 
Large,  lofty,  handsomely  fitted  Mahogany  Shop  and  Olfice 
Large  Plate  Glass  Window  First-class  position.  Splendid 
Show  Cases.  Fruit  and  Seed  Drawers,  &c.  Commodious 
Cellar  with  three  Vaults.  Stable.  Private  entrance.  Certain 
with  references  and  salary  required,  to  H 
I  Buildings,  Pimlico. 


Y*/ ANTED,  HEAD  SHOPMAN,  for  Sub- 

r  T  urban  Business,  Must  be  a  competent  Seedsman,  also 
have  good  all  round  knowledge  of  Plants,  and  be  able  to  Make 
up  Bouquets,  Wreaths,  &c.  Requited  undeniable  character  as 
honest,  sober,  active,  competent,  and  obligin*T  —State  age  and 
antecedenls,  by  letter  to  J  B..  Gnrdetiers'  Chronicle  fjifice  ., 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W  C.  '  ■*  ' 

■V\/'ANTED,  an   experienced   GARDENER 

/  .  1  ''"w"t'?''  'J'""''  ^',"^"  Gatdener  is  kept.  Wile  to 
undertake  Washing  for  small  establishment.  Lodge  with  six 
good  rooms  and  convenience  for  laundry.  State  age,  wages, 
and  how  many  children,  if  any. -J.  C.  T.,  Bashlly  Lodge 
Lymington,  Hampshire.  '      ""S"^. 

-ryANTED,    a    WORKING    FOREMAN. 

»  T  who  thoroughly  understands  Grape  Growing,  Tomatos. 
&C.,  for  Market.— For  particulars,  apply  to  EDWARD  POND 
Tho  Vinenes,  St.  Laurence,  Jersey, 


October  2,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


447 


WANTED,    an    experienced    FOREMAN, 
for  the   Houses.  — Apply,  with  references,  &c.,  to  Mr. 
CLARKE.  The  Gardens.  Lowther  Caille.  Penrith. 

WANTED,  for  South  Africa,  a  competent 
PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Pot  Plants  under 
glass,  &c.  A  middle-aged  man,  able  to  make  a  good  Wreath 
and  Bouquet,  preferred.  Three  years'  engagement. — Apply  to 
Messrs.  HURST  and  SON,  15;,  Houndsditch,  London,  E.    _ 

ANTED,  a  MAN  and  WIFE,  to  live  in 

house— Man  to  supcintend  Cultivation  of  6  acres  of 
Clay  Land  (00  glass),  and  Wife  to  take  Charge  of  House  and  do 
a  little  Plain  Cooking  occasionally.  Vegetables  and  coals 
found.     Stale  wages— C.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

ANAGING  SHOPMAN,  with  view  to  an 

early  PARTNERSHIP,  in  a  young  but  rapidly  grow- 
ing Seed  and  Florist  Business  in  the  North.— Apply,  wiih  full 
particulars,  to  B.  P.  L,  Gardeners'  Chrotiicle  Office,  41,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANT    PLACES. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester^ 

S^C  O  T  C  H  G  A  R  D  EN  E  R  S. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Hollowav,  N. 


THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  gl.»d  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNLDV  AND  CO.,  io8.  High  Street.  Dumfries.  N.F.. 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners.  Bailiffs.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  OQ  their  List  Men  who<fe  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.'  -Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm.Cuibush&  Son.  Highgaie  Nurseries,  London, N, 


STEWARD,  or  STEWARD  and  GAR- 
DENER, and  CLERK  of  WORKS.  -The  Advertiser  is 
desirous  of  an  engagement  with  a  Gentleman  or  Lady,  as 
General  Manager  ;  has  had  many  years'  experience  in  Design- 
ing and  Carrying  Out  of  Works,  including  Horticultural  Build* 
ioR  and  Heating,  and  the  Management  of  Men.  Is  a  man  of 
refined  taste  and  a  good  draughtsman.  Testimonials  undeniable. 
— H.,  38.  New  Cross  Road,  &.E. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  39,  married, 
no  family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Twenty- 
three  years'  experience.  Nine  years  in  present  situation. — 
HEAD  GARDENER,  Hartlebury  Castle,  near  Kidderminster. 

GARDENER  (Head),  good  Grower  Choice 
Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Veeetables,  also  Early  and  Late 
Forcing.  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and  industry. — 
5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham 

/:j.ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  34,  married,   no 

VJ  family. — Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady, 
Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in 
all  branches  of  gardening.  —  GEORGE  SHAWLEV,  The 
Gardens.  Highfields,  Theiwall.  Warrington. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29  —T.  Osman, 
Ottershaw  Park,  Chertsey,  Suirey.  can  with  confidence 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  of  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  id  pre- 
sent situation.  — For  further  particulars  please  address  as  above. 

ARDENER  (He.^D).— Age  38,  married,  no 

family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  ail  branches.  Good 
Manager  ot  Men,  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  Like  entire  charge  of 
a  gocd  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  recommended. — 
GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Squaie,  Kimbolton.  St.  Neots 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  29,  married.— 
Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man requiring  the  services  of  a  good  all-round  man,  including 
Stock.  Good  character  as  above.— J.  R.,  The  Gardens,  Wal- 
lington  Manor,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head). —Age  39,  married; 
leaving  through  death  of  employer.  High  qualification 
for  a  large  establishment,  and  general  routine  of  Horticulture 
and  Exhibiting.  Ten  years'  unimpeachable  character,  and 
several  first  class  testimonials.  —  H.  MUNDEY,  Orwell 
Lodge,  Ipswich. 


GARDENER  (Head),  to  any  Lady,  Noble- 
man  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  first-ciass  energetic  practi- 
c\l  man. — Married,  one  boy  (age  lo).  Has  had  good  e.\perience 
iQ  Laying-out  Grounds,  and  all  kinds  of  Planting  :  could  Manage 
Small  Home  Farm  if  requu-ed.  First-class  recommendation. 
— W.  H.,  Iron  Gates,  neat  Ottery  St.  Mary,  Devon. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  C.~~Tea,  Haver- 
holme  Priory  Gardens,  Sleaford,  is  open  to  engage  with 
any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all 
branches  of  Fruit,  Plant,  and  Vegetable  Culture;  over  three 
and  a  half  years  Gardener  to  present  employer,  the  Hon.  M.  E. 
G.  Finch-Hatton,  M.P.,  who  would  thoroughly  recommend  him 
as  an  efficient  Gardener.  Several  previous  years' good  character. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working.)— Age  2S, 
married  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches,  including 
Orchids,  Good  character — W.  H.,  The  Ferns,  Ellham  Green, 
Kent. 

C ^ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
■^  help  is  given. — Age  26,  single  ;  thirteen  years'  practical 
experience.  Highest  references.  Abstainer,— Mr,  OLIVER 
GOLDSMITH,  Polesden,  Dorkirg,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  age  2S, 
married. — H.  Chakman  is  at  liberty  to  engage  with  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thorough  practical 
man.  Fouteen  years'  experience  in  all  branches  in  large 
establishment.  Highest  references  as  to  character  and  abiliiy. 
— H.  CHARMAN,  Norwi.h  Street,  Fakenham,  Norfolk. 


Ort.Kjj£.iNii.K. —  rtge   24,    can    be   married  ; 
highestreferences from presentand past employeis  — M.  R., 
Gardeners'  arenicleOfftct,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.W.C. 

GARDENER.— Age   35,   married;    highest 
references  given  from  present  undpast  employers. — D.  W., 
Garderurs'  Ckrofikl4:Oihcfi,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C 

GARDENER.— Age  30,  married  ;  thoroughly 
experienced  in  all  branches.  Good  references  and  cha- 
racter. Three  >ears  in  present  situation.  — F.  A.,  Messrs. 
Dimick  &  Sons,  Nurser>-men.  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight.  ^^^^^ 


GARDENER  (Single-handed).— Age  27, 
single  ;  understands  Vmes.  Peaches,  Melons,  and  Cu- 
cumbers. Four  years'  good  character.  —  W,  M.,  Barton 
Nuisery,  Torquay.  _____^ 


G«  ARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED,  Or  where 
I  more  are  kept.)— Age  26,  married,  no  family  ;  fourteen 
years'  experience.  Good  character.— G.  L.,  Ford  Manor  Gar- 
dens, Linglield,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
help  i»  given. — Age  30,  married  ;  understands  Garden- 
ing io  all  its  branches.  Fifteen  years'  experience.  Six  years" 
good  character.  —  D.  J.  M.,  Southwood,  Hildenborough, 
Ton  bridge.  Kent. ^_ 

GARDENER  (Second).— Age  28,  single  ; 
good  all-round  general  experience.  Ten  years  second 
in  last  place.  Good  character.  — H.  B.,  Clayton  Villa,  Hastings 
Road.  Ealing.  


GARDENER  (Under).— A  young  man,  who 
has  lost  his  place  owing  to  reduction  of  establishment. 
More  than  two  years'  good  character. — Apply  for  reference  to 
E.  W.  CRACROFT,  Esq  ,  Hackthorn  Hall.  Lincoln. 

To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN. — Age  25  ;  ten   years'   practical 
experience  in  all  branche?.     Good  character  from  lale  and 
present  employers.  — S.,  3,  Michael's  Place,  Petersham,  Surrey. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
26  ;  twelve  years'  practical  experience  in  large  establish- 
ments. Well  recommended.- H.  H.  G.,  36.  New  Street,  St. 
John's  Wood.  N.W. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.—Age  23  ;  nine  and  a  half  years'  experience. 
Good  references  Irum  present  and  previous  employers  —  A. 
SMITH.  The  Gardens,  Bramblelyc.  East  Gnnstead. 


FOREMAN. — Age  27  ;  twelve  years'  good 
experience  in  the  general  routine  of  the  profession.  Can 
be  well  recommended.  Over  two  years  in  present  situation  as 
above.— C.  FLETCHER,  Moor  Park  Gardens  Rickmans- 
worth,  Herts. 


FOREMAN  (Inside);  age  26.— E.  Smith 
is  open  to  an  engagement  as  above.  £leven  years'  expe- 
rience. Can  be  well  recommended.— E.  SMITH,  Much  Dew- 
church,  Hereford. 


FOREMAN,  or  good  Second,  in  a  Noble- 
man's or  Gentleman's  Establishment. — Age  24  ;  nine 
years' experience  in  all  branches.  Good  references. — J-  IDE, 
the  Gardens,  Efhneham  House.  Leatherhead,  Surrey^ 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER.— Age  26:  over  eight  years'  experience  in 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Good  testimonials.  — X.  Y.  Z.. 
Gardeners'  Chromcle  Office,  4.,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W,C. 

To  the  Trade,  &c, 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  or  GROWER, 
where  Plants  and  Flowers  are  required  in  quantity.  Good 
references, — W,  W.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  4t,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand,  W.C.         


FOREMAN  GROWER.— Age  30,  married  ; 
well  up  in  Palms,  Ferns,  Forcing  Bulbs,  &c..  Floral  De- 
corations. Could  Manage  Small  Nursery  with  good  Cut  Flower 
trade.  Wages  30s.— FOREMAN,  Hareiield  Grove  Gardens, 
near  Uxbridge,  Middlesex. 

ROPAGATOR,    Soft-wooded,    or    WORK- 
ING FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Twenty  years'  expe- 
rience.     Nine    years    Foreman  and    Grower    for    Shaw's,    the 
Queen's  Florists,   Leeds.— C.  CLOVER,   Springfield  Gardens, 
Morley,  Yorkshire. 


To  the  Trade. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER,— Twenty- 
five  years,  three  in  present  situation.  Well  up  in  the 
general  routine  of  Market  Work.  Good  characters.  Perma- 
nency required. — W.,  NapierTerrace,  Evelyn  Road,  Richmond. 

ROPAGATOR   and  GROWER.— Age  28; 

thoroughly  experienced  in  Growing  for  Market.  Well  up 
in  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making  ;  good  Salesman.  Can  be 
well  recommended.- H.  B.,  Mrs.  Guest,  New  Street,  Old 
Swinford,  Stourbridge.  

GROWER  of  Plants,  Cut  Flowers,  Grapes, 
Tomatos,  Cucumhers,  Vegetables,  Market  and  Nursery 
experience,— J.  COUSENS,  Horeham  Road,  by  Hawkhurst, 
Sussex,  

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses,  in 
a   good    esUblishment.— Age  23  :     good    character.  —  J. 
BAILEV,  The  Gardens,  Franks  Hall,  Dartford,  Kent, 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment:  age  23— Mr.  FuBD,  Gardener  to  HR.H,  the 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Eastwetl  Park,  Ashford,  wishes  to  recom- 
mend a  man  as  above.— J.  E.,  Eastwell  Park,  Ashford. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. 
—Age  21  :  eighteen  months  in  present  situation.  Well 
recommended  bv  present  and  previous  employers.— W.  SILK, 
The  Gardens,  Eastwell  Park,  Ashford. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — 
Age  21  ;  three  and  a  half  years  in  present  situation.  Well 
recommended  by  ptesent  employer. — J.  GREEN,  Eastwell 
Gardens,  Ashford, 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  Inside 
and  Out.  —  Age  26  ;  seven  years'  experience.  Good 
character.-f.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Oakley  House,  Gled- 
how,  Leeds.  

JOURNEYMAN^,  or  SECOND   in   a   good 

^J      establishment. —Age   ar  ;  six   years'    experience. — B.    T. 


IMPROVER  (Age  iS).— Mr.  Mitchell 
Head  Gardener  to  Sir  George  Elliot,  Bart.,  M.P  ,  Abera 
man  Park,  Aberdare,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend  a 
young  man  as  above. 

O  NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser  (age  23) 

seeks  a  situation  in  a  Nursery.  Well  up  in  Propigaiing 
and  Growing  Roses  Indoors.-H.  E.  STEDMAN,  Slansted, 
Emsworth,  Hants. 


'PO  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situation 

-L      under  a  Head  Gardener.     Age  lo.     Five  years'  reference. 


TO  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situa- 
tion for  a  respectable  youth  (age  18),  in  a  good  estabhsh- 
ment.  Four  years'  experience  Outdoors  and  under  Glass.  Can 
be  highly  recommended.— HEAD  GARDENER,  Vicar's  Hill. 
Lymmgton,  Hants.  

TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— A  young  Man 
(age  23)  seeks  a  situation  ;  well  up  in  Orchids  and 
General  Rouiiae  of  Nursery  Work.  Nine  years'  experience, 
two  years  in  present  situation.  Good  character.  —  A.  S., 
4,  Arthur  Street,  Garston,  Liverpool 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— Well  up  in  general 
Indoor  Work.  Pottmg,  Tying,  Watering,  &c.,  with  con- 
siderable knowledge  of  Propagating;  good  Schilar.  Age  19; 
three  years'  character.— F.  W.,  3,  Brook  Vdlas,  Cheshunt 
Street,   Herts. 

^pO     GENTLEMEN     and      FLORISTS.— 

J-  Youn"  Man  (age  zo),  steady  and  industrious,  wishes 
situation  in  the  Houses  ot  GenUeman  or  Florist.  Would  not 
object  to  occasional  Outdoor  Work.  Good  character.  ~G.  H. 
W.-lLL,  Aldborough,  BoroughbridEe,  near  York. 

TO~H  EA  D     GARD  E  N  ERS. 
Smets,  The    Gardens,  Wollescote   Hon 
wishes  to  recommend  a  strong  intelligent   Yo 
IMPROVER  in  the   Houses.      Gocd  cha 
mii)m  given  if  required. — Address  as  above. 

rO  NURSERYMEN  and  FLORISTS.— 
Good  Plantsmin.  Thorough  knowledge  of  Cot- Flower 
Trade,  Seeds,  &c.  Excellent  Wreath  and  Bouquetist.  Can  be 
well  recommended  by  present  employers  a  large  provincial 
firm— PLANTSMAN,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W  C. 

O      FLORIST'S     and     SEEDSMEN.  — 

Wanted,  a  situation,  in  a  Florist's  and  Seed  Business. 
Total  abstainer.  Three  years'  experience.  Age  18.— G.  M  , 
Gardeners  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street  Strand.W.C. 

TRAVELLER,  in  Nursery  or  Seed  Business 
—  Twenty  years' experience  in  the  Trade.  — M,  D  .  Gar' 
deneri    Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  tlie  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

SALESMAN,  &c.— Advertiser  is  of  good 
address,  with  fifteen  years'  experience  in  above  trade  : 
first-class  Wreath  and  Bouquet  hand.  Good  knowledge  of 
Seeds,  Bulbs,  and  General  Nursery  Stock.  Excellent  testi- 
monials. Can  give  good  cash  security  if  required  for  any 
position  of  trust.— ALPHA,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  4t, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Head).— Energetic  ;  long  and 
practical  experience  in  Agricultural,  Vegetable,  Flower 
Seeds,  Flower  Roots,  Plants,  and  Implements.  Good  recom- 
mendations.—D.  I.  T.,  152.  Houndsditch,  London.  E. 

SHOPMAN  (Head).— Age  39  ;  experienced 
in  first-class  Provincial  Houses  ;  thoioughly  up  in  every 
detail,  including  Nuts-ry  Stuff  and  Flo.ists' Plants— SEEDS, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C 

SHOPMAN.— Age  23  ;  nearly  seven  years 
experience.  Office,  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade.  First-class 
testimonials.  Would  go  abroad.— ALPHA,  Messrs.  Lamont  & 
Son,  Seedsmen,  Edinburgh. 

SHOPMAN,     CLERK,    or    otherwise.— 
Sixteen  years'  experience   in   present   situation.      Good 
references.— A.  W.,  Messrs.  Dickie,  Fowlds  &  Co.,  Kilmarnock, 

SHOPMAN. — Young     and     energetic,    with 
eight  years'  experience  in  .ill  branches.    Accustomed  to 
Travel  —3,  Oakfield  Road,  Croydon. 

SHOPMAN. — Thirteen  years'  experience  in 
all  branches  :  understands  Book-keeping.  Total  abstainer. 
First-cla^s  reference.— C.  E.,  Gardemrs  Chronicle  Office,  4r, 
Wellington  Street,  W,C,  


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  25  ; 
nine  years'  exqerience  in  all  departments.  Presently 
First  Counter  Hand  in  a  Scjtch  home.  First-class  references. 
—  D.  C,  Fletcher.  112,  Eglinton  Street,  Glasgow. 


s 


HOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT,    in   Retail  or 

Wholesale  Seed  Warehouse.  —  Four  years'  experience, 
1  a  knowledge  of  Nursery  and  Office  Work.  Good  testi- 
ial  — R.  MILL,  16,  Reform  Street,  Dundee,  N.B. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Indigestion  and 
Liver  Complaints.— The  digestion  cannot  be  long  or 
seriously  disordered  without  the  derangement  being  perceptible 
on  the  countenance.  These  Pills  prevent  both  unpleasant  conse- 
quences ;  they  improve  the  appetite,  and  with  the  increased 
desire  for  food  they  augument  the  powers  of  digestion  and 
assimilation  in  the  stomach.  Holtoway's  Pills  deal  most  satis- 
factorily with  deranged  or  diseased  conditions  of  the  many 
organs  engaged  in  extracting  nourishment  for  our  bodies  from 
our  various  diets— as  the  Liver,  Stomach,  and  Bowels,  over  all 
of  which  they  exercise  a  most  salutary  control.  By  resorting  at 
an  early  stage  of  this  malady  to  these  purifymg  and  laxative 
Pills,  the  dyspeptic  is  speedily  restored  to  health  and  strength 
and  his  sallowness  gradually  vanishes. 


448 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(October  2,  18 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON,  Limited, 

Smithfield  Iron  Works,  Leeds,  and  Surrey  Works,  Blackfriars  Road,  London,  S.E,, 

HORTICULTUEAL  ENGINEERS  to  HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN,  call  Special  Attention  to  their 

PATENT    WROUGHT-IRON    MUNICIPAL   OR  ANGULAR   CHAMBERED  AND   TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER    BOILERS, 


And    others    -with    SHELVES,    and    Hollow    or    Ordinary    Cast-iron    GRATE    BARS. 

O  A  nni    C     DrtI  I    CDC      with  waterway  backs  and  WELDED  BOILERS,  anv  of  which  are  Specially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhou-ei    Tons 
OnUULt     DUILLnO,  schools,   PubUc  Bu.ldiogs,  Entrance  Halls,  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c.      They  are  the  neatest,  cheapest,  most  effeciive,  : 

Tilt  MUNICIPAL  and  TUBULAR  ones  are  nviarkable  for  th.ir^real  tii  liitil  fover,  ilo-.v  coinhislion,  an,l  the  Itnsth  of  time  the  /Ire  ■mill  l.iirn  witJwut  rcqmrint  alt,ntiou. 

These  Patterns  secured  the  FIRST  and  HIGHEST  FRIZE,  a  SILVER  MEDAL,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Exhibition,  South  Kensington.  London.  June  1  irsi 


aiaaii^;!gi'iiit'...i«^. 


The  longitudinal  s 


M  B  1 
M  B  2 

M  B  3 

u:  B  4 


1  of  the  6re.box,  water  space,  flues,  &c.  The  cross  section  gives  a 

The  front  elevation  shows  it  set  in  brickwotk,  luhick  is  necessary  for  this  cli 


iew  of  the  fire-box 


SIZES    AND     PRICES 

3  ft.  2  in.  long  by  2  ft.  0  in.  wide  by  2  ft.  0  in.  deep 

4  0  „      by  2       0  ,,      by  2       0  ,, 

5  0  „      by  2       3  „     by  2       6  „ 
8       6            ,,      by  4       0            ,,      by  3       9            ,, 


Calculated  to 
heat  4-in.  piping  < 
as  follows  :- 


SECTIONAL     PLAN, 
r  space,  and  V  shaped  back. 


Price  £15  0  0 

,,         21  0  0 

33  0  0 

,,         85  0  0 


MESSRS.  THOS.   GREEN  &  SON,  Ltd 


TESTIMONIAL 

NORTH  ST.,  LEEDS. 


Borough  Eogir 


ce,  Municipal  Buildings,  Leeds. 

January^  /&66, 
Re  HEATING  APPARATUS.  -  -     ^  ,  ■  - 

Ghntlembn,— I  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing  testimony  to  the  efficiency  and  satisfactory  workine  ol  the  Hot-water  He,\ting  Apparatus  you  erected  m  these  pubhc  buildings.  . 

The  buildings  are  four  storeys  high,  and  we  have  a  total  length  of  about  28.000  feet  of  piping  in  them,  varying  in  size  from  x%.  in.  to  6  in.  diameter,  with  their  connections,  &. 
offices  and  rooms  can  all  be  in  operation  at  one  time  or  separately,  and  the  heat  regulated  by  means  of  the  valves  to  the  temperaturt 

Two  of  your  Patent  Municipal  Pattern  Boilers,  No.  4,  work  the  whole  of  this  piping  easily,  although  we  have  three  of  them  fixed.     They  are  very  powerlul  and  economical  in  the  cousumpt 
of  fuel,  and  I  am  pleased 


■equired,  evi 
;ipal  Pattern  Boilers,  No.  4,  work  the  whole  of  this  piping  easily,  although  we  have  three  of  them  fixed.     They 
3  be  able  to  report  of  them  and  the  apparatus  so  favourably.  I  am,  Gentlemen,  yours  truly, 


Thes 


HUNDREDS     OF     OTHER    REFERENCES     CAN     BE     GIVEN     IP 


THOS.  HEWSON,  Borough  Engin 
REaiTIRED. 


CONTBACTOBS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    "WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 


(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS— "  HOTWATER,"  LONrON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  i  jtk  Edition, price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


PATENT    RELIANCE    ROTARY 
VALVES. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor  ;  "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Puhllsher."  it  the  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden    London.  W  C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury.  Acnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street.  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  by  the 
Slid  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  WelUngtou  Street,  Parish  o(  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Conuty.-SATURDAV,  October  2.  188I 


Agent  fpr  Manchester^.Io 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Csitailisf)eli  1841. 


No.  667.— Vol.  XXVI.  {sE^rs.}     SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  9,  1886.  \, 


t  the  General  }       Price    5d. 
a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  sji/. 


CONTENTS. 


Agricultural  education  .. 

Anstolochia  salpinx 

Asplenium  germanicum  . 

Channel  Islands,  horticul- 
ture in  the 

Colonial  museum  in  Lon- 
don, proposal  to  estab' 
lish  a  permanent 

Colonial  notes 

Continental  novelties      .. 

Distribution  of  plan 

Essex   Field    Llub 
fungus  foray     . . 


the 


FI01 

Flow 


,'flo 


their 


Foreign  notes 
Forest  tree  planting 
Fruits  under  giass 
Fiume,      the     Archduke 

Joseph's  garden  at 
Gongora  flaveola. . 

,,    bad  setting  of 
Grevillea  sulphurea 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the. . 
Horticultural  palace  .. 
Hydrangea         hortensis, 


blu 


Irish  garden,  an  .. 
Jersey      and     Guem< 

Grapes  and  Tomato 
Kinver    seed  and  flo 

farm,  the 


Kitchen  garden,  the 
Larue  Gnffithii  .. 
Lespede^a  striata  (Japan 


Lettuce  "  Butterhead". 
Market  prices 
Metric  system,  the 
Orchid-houses,  the 


d  their  cultu 
,,     distribution  of 
Primula  raising    . . 
Keic/ienhachia 

phosnicolasius 


Rooi 
Rosery,  the 
Roses,  Tea  .. 

Saponaria  ofGcinatis 
Scotch  notes,  Eamockabd 
Neilsland,  Hamilton  .. 

Cryptogamic    cf    Scot- 
Crystal  Palace.. 
Luton  Hoo 
Scottish     Horticultural 

Soiranthes  Romanzoviaoa 
Tobacco  culture  in  North 

Wales 

Weather,  the 

Webb  &   Sons,  Messrs., 

nursery  .. 
Wood's,  Mr.  C,  nursery, 


ILLUSTItATIONS. 


Anstolochia  salpinx         

Grevillea  sul  phurea  . .         . .         , . 

Larix  Griffithii 

Lettuce,  Cabbage,  "  Butterhead  " 
Stock,  Perpetual  Ten-week,  Princess  ^ 
Zmnia  elegans  robusta  grandiflora  pleni 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
'THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEQRAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.  The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 
NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

South  Kensinjton.  S.W. 

NOTICE  !—  CDMMlXrEE    MEETINGS,     Fruit    and 

Floral,  at  IIA.M.,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 

October  12,  and  WEDNESDAY.  October  13. 

SHOW  of  HARDY  FKUIIS. 

N.B.  Open  to   Fellows  at    12  o'clock  on  Tuesday,    and  the 

Poblic  at  I  o'clock  :    on  Wtdnesdrv  at  10  o'C  1  >ck  A  M. 

RICHMOND  (Surrey)  CHRYSANTHE- 
-LV  MUM  SHOW. 

The  SIXTH  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION  of  FLOWERS, 
FRUIT,  and  YtGETABLES,  will  be  held  at  the  "Ca-tle" 
Hoiel.  THURSDAY  and  FKIDAY.  Novembe,  11  and  12. 
Prizes,  Dearly  ONE  HUNDRED  POUNDS.  For  Schedules, 
apply  to  Mr.  J.  H.  FORD,  Hon.  Sec. 

22,  George  Street,  Richmond. 

WATFORD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
President— -fhii  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Clarendon. 
The  FIRST  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
and  other  AUTUMNAL  FLOWERS  and  FRUIT  w.li  be 
held  in  the  Agricultural  Hall,  Watford,  on  TUESDAY  a.  d 
WEDNE.SDAV,  November  16  and  17.  Schedules  can  be 
obtaiued  on  application  to  the  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer, 


c 


Entries  Cloi 

HRYSANTHEMUM        SHOW, 

YORK,  1886,— Held  in  the  Fine  Art  Exhibition  Building 
NOVEMBER  17.   18.  and  19       Liberal  Prizes  f,,r  Plants, 
wers,  Fruit,  and  Vegetables.     Schedules  to  be  obtained  of 
J.  LAZENBY,  Spurriergate,  York. 


Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (Established  1785)- 

JOHN  CRANSTON   begs  to  announce  that 
having  Purchased  the  Business  from  *'  Cranston's  Nur- 
sery  and   Seed    Company,     Limited,"      these     Old-established 
Nurseries  will,  00  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1S86.  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of  JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO. 
King's  Acre  —September  2g,  1886. 

20,000  Azalea  indlca. 

AUGUSTE  VAN  GEERT,  Continental 
Nurseries,  Ghent,  offers  the  above,  in  compact  heads, 
short  stems,  free  flowering  sorts,  at  low  prices  to  clear.  Par- 
ticulars and  CATALOGUES  free  on  application  to 

WILLIAM  DENMAN,  Salesman  and  Horticultural  Agent, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

OMAN  HYACINTHS.— Very  special  offer. 

The  finest  Bulbs,  producing  two  or  three  spikes,  loj.  per 
100  (25  at  100  rate),  li.  6<f.  per  dozen. 

VICCARS.  COLLYER  and  CO.,  Leicester. 
TELEGRAMS  —"CENTRAL  LEICESTER." 


Intending  Furchasera  of 

ORNAMENTAL  TREES  and  SHRUBS, 
ALPINE  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS,  should  send 
fir  CATALOGUES  of  the  stock  of  such  contained  in  the  cele- 
brated Nurseries  of 

RODGER  McClelland  and  CO  .  Ne»ry. 


o 


Btilb  Catalogae. 
UR         GENERAL         LIST 

of  BULBS  and  LILIES  for  Aulumn  Planting  (No.  84), 
is  now  published.  Any  Customer  not  having  received  a  Copy, 
is  requested  to  apply  for  one. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COMPANY.  Colchester. 

OSES     IN     POTS.— Her     Majesty,     the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.     All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  36r. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  aoplication. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

Tbere  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at   3J.    each. 


Id  kinds 

SPIR^.A  PALMATA.— The  fioe,t  forcing  clusters  in  the 
arid,  aud  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Ba 


:shot. 


To  the  Trade.— A  quantity  of 

MRS.  SINKIN,  Double  white  PINK,  fine 
large  Plants  for  Forcing  ;  also  a  quantity  of  Double 
VIOLETS.  Neapolitan,  Marie  Louise.  Fragrantissima  fl.-pl.. 
Belle  de  Chamenay.     Price  on  application  10 

WILLIAM  TRUSLER,  Market  Gardener,  Feltham. 

Dwarf  Trained  and  Half  Standard 

PEACH  TREES. — Several  extra-sized  young 
Peach  Trees.  Royal  George.  &c.  ;  NECTARINES, 
fruiting  trees  ;  for  disposal,  for  want  of  room.  All  these  trees 
have  borne  heavy  crops  this  season.     Apply  to 

W.  ICETON.  Putney  Park  Lane,  S.W. 

RASPBERRY    CANES    to     SELL.  —  The 
famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Lant  Express.— hf,f,\y  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks.  Kent. 

(\K\?Z   VINES.— Our   stock  of   Vines   is 

VJT     in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.     A   LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS.  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway.  London.  N. 

OR  SALE  or  EXCHANGE, 
Large  Specimen  TABERNyEMONTANA  CORO- 
NARIA  flore-pleno.  GARDENIAS,  CCELOGYNE  CRIS- 
TATA,  COCoS  WEDDELLIANA.  IMaNTOPHYLLUM 
MINIATUM.  Would  EXCHANGE  f  .r  Seedling  QUICKS. 
Golden  Queen  HOLLIES,  or  Named  RHODODENDRONS. 
L.  POINTON.  Knypersley  Nursery,  Congleton. 


w 


ILLIAM 


:ed  the  Au 


CUT  Flowers,  &c 


DENMAN,     Sales.man     and 

JRAL  Agent,  Covent  Garden.  W.C  .  has 
Season  for  the   SALE  of  CHOICE 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for. 
warded  weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes  and 
Labels  supplied. 


w 


Peaches— Peacbes  —Peaches. 
ANTED,   good  FRUIT  ot    above,   also 

STEPHANOITS,  ORCHIDS,  EUCHANIS   Sic. 
WISE    AND    RIDES,    Covent    Garden,    London,    W.C. 

CATALOGUES    WANTED.  —  Growers    of 

v.-'     R  ises,  Fiuit  Trees,  &c,  are  requested  to  send  Copies  of 
their  latest  Catalogues  to  the 

SECRETARY  ol  the  ROSE  GROWERS'  ASSOCIATION. 
Box  213,  G.P.O  ■  Sydney,  N.S  W..  AustraHa 

Gat  den  Mould 

WANTED,  about  1200  cubic  yards,  delivered 
at  Colney  Hatch       Price  and  par.iculars  to 
Messrs.    THOS.    VERNON    and    CO.,     7.    Westminster 
Chambers,  S.W. 


c 


ARTERS'    CHOICE     HYACINTHS 

FOR  EXHIBITION. 


o 


NE     HUNDRED     CHOICE  -  NAMED 

HVACINTHS-m  100  sorts-Price  651.     Carriage  free. 


o 


NE     HUNDRED     CHOICE  -  NAMED 
HYACINTHS— in  50  sorts— Price  50J.     Carriage  fiei. 


F 


IFTY   CHOICE-NAMED    HYACINTHS 

Carriage  frc 


F 


IFTY  CHOICE-NAMED    HYACINTHS 

in  25  sorts — Price  30J.     Carriage  free. 


'•p  W  E  L  V  E 
.1-      HY 


CHOICE-NAMED 

[YAClNTHS-in  12  sorts,  for  general  cultivation   in 
pots — Price  8r.  dJ.     Carriage  free.  Cheaper  sorts  6s  and  ts.  tit. 

''P  W  E  L  V  E  CHOICE-NAMED 
X  HYAClNTHS-in  12  sorts,  for  cultivation  in  glasses- 
Price  8j.     Carriage  free. 


S' 


CHOICE  ■ 


NAMED     HYACINTHS 

Price  5^.     Carriage  free. 


ILLUSTRATED       CATALOGUES 
POST-FREE. 
CARTERS'.  Seedsmen  by  Royal  Commands  to  H.M.   ih! 
Queen  and   H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  237  and  238,  High 
Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


E 


A 


Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 
VERGKEENS. 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

INE    PYRAMID     AZALEAS    and    larye 

CAMELLIAS,  of  the  best  varieties,  well  set  with  bio  111, 
and  grown  In  pots,  for  sale.     For  particulars  apply  to 

THOMAS  CHRISTY,  Malvern  House,  Sydenham.  S.E. 
Sold  to  make  room,  with  a  quinliiy  of  olher  Plants. 

ILY  OF  THE  VALLEY.— Genuine  Berlin 
forcing  kind.     Write  lor  lowest  Trade  price  to 
H.     DAMMANN,     Jan.,      Breslau,      Germany. 

NTH  U  RI  U  M      AN  DRE  AN  U  M. 

ine  Plants  of  this  magnificent  variety,   los.  each. 
W.  PIKE,  Frenchay.  Bristol. 

MAC      DANIEL,  NURSERYMAN, 

•  223,  Lome  Place,  Leith  Walk,  Leith,  begs  to  off^t 
very  fine  strong 

HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA  GRANDIS,  25J.  per  100 
SPIRi«A  JAPONICA,  i+j.  per  103. 
DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  251.  per  loo.        [Window  Boxe-. 
Also  a  great  lot  of  small  CONIFERS,  suitable  for  Pots  or 

Camellliis,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms.  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  Engli.h  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

WholcsaJe  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  aud  may  be  had 
free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutcbed  Friars,  London,  £.C. 

LEWIS  has  a  few  thousand  ADIANTUM 

•   CU  N  E ATU  M  to  dispose  of  out  of  Co's.     Good  stufi,  1 8i. 
p^r  100  for  cash.     Paclcmg  free.     Price  per  1000  on  applicatiup. 
Nurseryman,  Kedleston  Road,  Derby. 

ERNS.  — FERNS.  — FERNS.— 

Special  Trade  OfTer  of  SmiU  FERNS,  for  growine  on  — 
Pleris  tremula.  P.  cretica.  P.  cristata,  and  many  other  varieties. 
Inspection  solicited.     Prices  on  application. 

H.TITE.  Florist.  &c.  Hamoton,  Middlesex 

RIMULA  (Double  White),  strong  stuff,   in 

5  and  6-inch  pots,    loj,  dd.  per  dozen.       IlUCHARiS 
AMAZONICA,  established  in  7  and  8-inch  pots,  M.  6rf.  each. 
Terms,  cash  with  order. 
E  J.  J  AKM  AN,  The  People's  Seedsman,  Chard,  Somersetshire. 

ARDENIAS,   Winter-flowering  HEATHS, 

CAMELLIAS.    AZALEAS.    BOUVnRDIAS.    CAK- 

NATIONS,  PALMS.  FERNS,  FICU3.  DRAC.«NAS,  and 

others.     Thousands  of  fi  .e  healthy  plants  to  s-ilect  Irom. 

Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 

JOHN    blANDISH    AND    CO..    Royal    Nurseries,    Ascot. 

AZ.-VLtA  INDICA.— All  the  best  sorts,  with 
hiids.    or  only   white,  variegated,    or  double    flowered. 
AZALEA   MOLLIS   with    buds.      CAMELLIAS,  best  son-, 
wiihbuds.    SP1R.«A  JAPONICA.  DEUrZIA  GRACILI.-', 
&c.  ;  IMANTOPHYLLUM,  the  largest  collection. 
CATALOGUES  free  on  application. 
ED.  PYNaERT-VAN  GEERT,  Ghent.  Belgium. 

UTCH     BULBS.  —  Strong    Clumps    and 
Crowns  of  LILY  ot  the  VALLEY.  SPIR^^S,  GL". 
DIOLUS  BRENCHLEYENSIS  and  G.  UANDAVENSIS, 
TULIPS,  and  CROCUSES,  at  low  prices.     Apply  to 

P    VAN  TIL,  Jz  ,  23.  Srlisbury  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

IMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 
Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 
full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 
also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 
Quotaii.n  wi.h  sample  on  application  to 
THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 
10,  CuUum  Street,  London,  E.C. 


450 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(October  9,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Bulba-Bulbs-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AU'.:TI0N,  at  h.^  Great  Rooms  38,  Kioe  Street, 
Covsnt  Garden,  W.C.. every  M.lNDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and 
SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7239.) 
DUTCH     BUI,  BS. -EXTRA    SALE. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street, 
Govern  Garden,  W  C  ,  on  TUEbDAY  NEXT,  October  12,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  several  hutidred  lots  of  first- 
class  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  great  varieiy,  specially  lotted  to 
suit  Large  Buyers 


On 


ig  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7341.) 


African  TUBEROSES,  received  direct. 

MR.    J.    C.     STEVENS,    38,     King    Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,   will  include  the  above  in   his 
SALE  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  14. 
On  view  mornmg  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next— (Sale  No,  724..) 

SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud. 

LYCASTE  SKINNERI  ALBA,  four  extra  fine  plants,  one  in 

bloom. 
CYPRIPEDIUM  SEDENI  CANDIDULUM,  two  plants. 
CYPRIPfcDIUM  SPICERIANU.M  var.  MAGNIFICUM. 
CATTLEYA  YtLUTL-^A  UNICUM?  (yellow  variety), 
and  many  other  fine  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above, 
by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great   Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  t4, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely, 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  next-(Saie  No.   7241). 
ONCIDIUM  NUBIGENUM,  large  masses. 
ODONTOJLOSSUM  PARDINUM,  splendid  pieces  in  fine 

CCELOGYNE    SANDERIANA,   the   finest   Ccelogyne  intro- 

Mr!  j.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W  C,  by  order  of  Mr.  V.  Sander,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT,  Octi.btr  14,  at  half-past  13  oClock  precisely  :  — A 
fine  lot  of  ONCIDIUM  NUBIGENUM  in  large  masses  ;  the 
rare  and  beautilul  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PARDINUM  in 
extra  condition;  O.  ALEXANDRAS,  CCELOGYNE  SAN- 
DEKIANA,  a  grand  new  CCELOGYNE.  flowers  larg«r  than 
cristata,  up  to  20  on  a  spike  ;  UENDROBIUM  HERCO- 
GLuSSUM.afewgood  plants  of  MAXILLARIA  GRAND!- 
FLORA,  some  fine  varieties  of  L.«LlA  DAYANA  in  flower, 
ONCIDIUM  ROGERSII,  &c. 

On  view  morning  ot  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT   UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELLby  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68  Cheapside,  E.C  ,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDii',  at  half-past  11  , /Clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  i:RO- 
CUS,  NARuISsUS,  and  other  BU  LBS  from  Hullaod.  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Every  Wedaesday. 
CAMELLIAS,  AZALtAs,  H._U.S,  PALMS.  DRAC^NAS, 
and  other  PLAN  I'S  from  Belgium;  ROSES  in  pots,  a 
choice  assortment  of  Hardy  BULBS,  LILIUM  AURA- 
TUM,  Roman  HYACINTHS.  Dutch  BULBS  in  variety, 
io,oo)  Double  African  lUBEKOSES,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67 
and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  EVERY  WEDNESDAY,  at  half, 
past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 
GREAT   AUCTION    SALE    of   80    Acres   of    NURSERY 

srocK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  ihe  above  SALE  is  now  taking 
place,  and  continues  until  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  14, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day. 

Catalogues    had  on    the   Premises,   or  of  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 

Lower  Norwood,  S.E. 

ELEVi-.NTH  ANNUAL  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Castle 
Nursery,  Lower  Norwood,  S.E.  (close  to  the  Station),  on 
MONDAY  NEXT,  October  ii,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  by 
order  of  Mr.  H  James,  about  150  Lots  of  beautifully-grown 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  clean,  heaUhy  plants,  including 
Odontoglossums,  Dendrobiums,  Catlleyas,  Laslias,  Phalxnopsis, 
Cypripediums,  and  Masdevallias,  and  amongst  which  will  be 
found  several  rare  species  ;  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
p. .ANTS,  in  variety;  FERNS,  SHRUBS  in  pots,  ROSES, 
CLIMBERS,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.   Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  £38,  Cheipside,  London,  E.C. 


300  Cattleya  Harrisouia;  violacc.i  ;  alsoOncidium  Rogersii, 
Cattleya  crupa,  Laelia  purpnrata,  Oncidium  sarcodes,  &c. 

Also  from  the  Continent,  a  consignment  of  NEW  and  RAKE 
ORCHIDS,  comprising  Cypnpedium  callosum  (new), 
Reich  .f.,  Cyrlopera  Regnieri  (new),  Cypnpedium  Godc- 
frovse  and  Regnieri  in  flower,  new  species  of  Calanthe. 
Cymoidium  and  Saccolabium  from  Cambedge  and  Siam. 

Togeltier  with  a  selection  of  CHOICE  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS  from  a  private  collection,  comprising  Cypripe- 
dium  Spicerianum,  Saccolabium  genimatum,  Vanda  Deni- 
soniana,  seveial  Phalainopsis  grandiflora,  Dendrobium 
nobile  cccrulescens,  Masdevallias,  choice  kinds,  &c 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  ESTABLISHED  and  IM- 
PORTED ORCHIDS  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
October  12,  at  half  past  r2  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Borrowasb.  near  Derby. 
IMPORTANT  SALE  of  beauiilully  grown  specimen  CONI- 
FERS and  other  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  W.  Barron  &  Son,  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  the  Elva^ton  Nurseries, 
Borr.iwash  tlhree  minutes'  walk  from  Boirowash  Station)  on 
WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  October  13  and  14.  at 
11  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large  quantity  of  beautifully 
grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has  been  carefully  prepared 
for  removal,  including  a  great  variety  of  choice  and  rare  speci- 
men CONIFER/E,  matchless  specimen  golden  YEWS  and 
HOLLIES,  green  and  variegated  HOLLIES,  Urge  orna- 
mental deciduous  trees,  lor  park  or  street  planting  :  ROSES, 
4000.  very  fine  ;  LAURELS  in  variety,  KRUl  T  TREKS, 
RHODODENDRONS,  73,000  transplanted  ;  Native  LARCH 
(true),  2  to  3  leei,  several  fine  d.uble  white  CAMELLIAS, 
and  other  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  he  had  on  the  premises 
at  Messrs.  BARRON  and  SON'S  seedshop.  16,  Market  Street, 
Nottingham,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Che.ipside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 

N.B. —The  second  day's  Sale  will  commence  at  the  DRAY- 
CfJTT  NURSERY,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Draycott  Station. 


Isleworth 
SPECIAL  TRADE    SALE   of  thousands  of  beautiful   grown 
young  CONI  FERS.  for  immediate  potting,  or  growing  on. 
By  order  of  Messis.  Charles  Lee  &  Son. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  The  Wood 
Lau  Nursery,  Isleworth  (to  minutes'  walk  from  Osterley  Park 
Station  District  Railway,  close  to  Isleworth  Station,  S.W.R., 
on  FRIDAY,  October  15,  at  n  o'Clock  precisely,  thousands  of 
unusually  well-grown  young  CONIFERS,  lotted  specially  for 
the  Trade,  compiising  Golden  Euonymus,  and  other  vaiiegated 
shrubs,  Cupresjus  Lawsoni  erecta  viridis  ;  Aucubas,  r  to  i^ 
feet  ;  Juniperus  chinensis.  Arbor  Vita;s,  of  sorts,  Reti'  o- 
sporas.  Tree  IVIES,  Tree  BOX,  AKAUCARIA  IMBRI- 
CATA  and  A.  EXCELSA,  CAMELLIAS,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  or  at  Messrs.  LEE  &  SONS',  Hammersmith 
Nursery,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C  ,  and  Leytonstone. 

Friday  Next. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY  LOTS  of  ESTABLISHED 
and  SEMI-ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  from  the  New 
Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  comprising  a  fine  lot  of  their  new 
Cattleya,  some  already  showing  sheaths  :  the  new  while 
Sobralia-like  plant.  Odontoglossum  hastilabium,  ().  coro- 
narium,  O.  blaudum,  and  others,  all  growing  freely,  and  to 
be  sold  mostly  without  reserve. 

SUPERIOR  WELL-GROWN  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS, 
mostly  in  Flower  and  Bud,  from  Messrs.  F.  Horsman  & 
Co.,  of  Colchester,  including  Odontoglossum  densum, 
Maxillaria  concava,  Dendrobium  Ainsworthii,  Lailia  anceps 
(Percivaliana  variety),  Odontoglossum  Wilckeanum,  &c. 

Also  a  lew  WELL-GROWN  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS 
from  a  Private  Collection. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  ihe  above  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  15,  at  half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely. 

On  view  morning  ot  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


KUburn,    N  W. 
SALE    of   WELL-GROWN    NURSERY    STOCK. 

MESSR.S.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  bv  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The 
Nursery,  Kilburn,  N.W.,  on  TUESDAY,  October  19,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  by  order  of  Mr.  J.  B.  Goubert,  a  large 
quantity  of  NURSERY  STOCK  in  capital  condition  lor 
removal,  comprising  Laurels,  Privet,  Rhododendrons,  Euony- 
mus, Conifers  in  variety,  B.ix,  Roses  of  sorts.  Currants.  &c  , 
Gooseberries.  Fruit  Trees,  &c.,  1000  Double  White  Primulas  ; 
500  Maiden  Hair  Ferns  and  other  greenhouse  plants. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises and  of  the  Auclioneers,  67  and  6a,  Cheapside,  E.C 


Cambridge. 
THREE  DAYS'  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE 
of  the  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK  (also  LIVE  and 
DEAD  STOCK),  by  oider  of  Mrs.  Tredgeit,  who  is 
relinquishing  this  Nursery  in  consequence  of  the  expiration 
of  her  tenancy. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  The  Ainger  Nurseries,  Hislon  Road,  Cambridge, 
(one  mile  from  Histon  and  three  from  Cambridge  stations), 
on  TUESDAY,  October  19,  and  two  following  days,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day.  without  reserve.  16  Acres 
of  well.grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  lor 
removal,  including  large  quantities  of  Conifers  and  Evergreens, 
r2,ooo  Ornamental  and  Forest  Trees,  3000  Manetii  Cuttings, 
8000  Spruce  Firs,  12  000  two  year  Privet,  5000  oval-leaved  and 
common  Privet,  1000  Aucubas,  2800  Yews  and  Hollies,  16,000 
Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  3400  Currants  and  Gooseberries, 
qooo  one-year  Maiden  Fruit  Trees,  10,000  Standard,  Pyramid, 
ani  Dwarf-trained  Fruit  Trees,  2  acres  Magnum  Bonum 
Potatos,  r  acre  Mangel  Wurzel,  Horse,  Spring  Cart,  Hives  of 
Bees,  two  Pigs,  Poultry,  Plough,  and  other  effects. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises ;  at  the  Seed  Shop,  31,  Market  Hill,  Cambridge;  and  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E..C.,  and 
Leytonstone.  

Brixton,  S  W. 

TWO     DAYS'    SALE     of    WELL-GROWN     NURSERY 

STOCK,  by  order  c  f  Messrs.   Ponsford  &  Son. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on 
the  Premises  Loughborough  Nurseries,  Brixtm,  S.  W.,  on 
WEDNESD.AY  and  THURSDAY,  October  30  and  ar,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large  quantity  of  NURSERY 
STOCK,  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  comprising  a 
general  assortment  of  Conifers  and  Evergreens,  suitable  for 
effecting  planting  ;  Ornamental  and  Forest  Trees,  Fiuit  Trees, 
Hardy  Climbers.  Greenhouse  Plants  in  variety,  and  other  Stock. 
May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and 
Leytonstone. 


Lewlsham,  S.E. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELLby  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The  Nur- 
series. Lewisham,  S.E.,  on  FRIDAY,  Octcber,  11.  by  order  of 
Mr.  R.  Biggs,  a  large  quantity  of  NURSERY  STOCK, 
HORSES,  VAN,  CARTS,  &c. 

Fuller  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


Orchids  in  Flower.  —  Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  the  above  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY,  OCTOBER  36, 
for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of 
ENTRIES  as  EARLY  as  POSSIBLE. 


Horsell  Nursery,  Woking 

IMPORTANT  THREE  DAYS'  SALE  of  unusually  well 
grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  by  order  of  Messrs  H.  &  C. 
Cobbet. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
as  above  on  TUESDAY,  October  26,  and  two  following  days, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day.  several  acres  of  valuable 
NURSERY  STOCK,  in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  in. 
eluding  47,003  Scotch  Firs,  8cod  Rhododendrons,  3500  Roses, 
a3.oco  Mussill  Stock,  30,000  Manetti  ditto,  9000  Privet,  fooo 
Fruit  Trees,  i6;o  Spruce  Firs,  9000  Pious  austriaca,  4030 
Variegated  and  Common  Hollies,  2000  Poplars,  of  sorts  ;  2coo 
Common  and  Portugal  Laurels,  qurntity  of  Bolder  Shrubs,  &c. 
May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Crlx  Mansion,  Hat&eld  Feverel 

(Within  I  mile  of  Hatfield  Peverel  Station.  O.E.R.). 

MR.  J.  W.  KEMSLEY  will  include  in  his 
unreserved  three  days'  SALE  of  the  entire  CONTENTS 
of  THIS  FINE  OLD  MANSION  (being  the  property  of  the 
executors  of  the  late  Edward  Cook,  Esq.),  the  contents  of 
7  GREEN  and  STOVE  HOUSES,  including  Stephanotis,  spe. 
cimen  Camellias,  choice  Amaryllis,  Azaleas,  Orchids  of  nume. 
ous  varieties.  Palms,  Caladiums,  Clerodendrons,  &c.  ;  and  about 
10,000  Bedding  and  Outdoor  Plants,  including  a  quantity  of 
named  Chrysanthemums.  Mr.  J.  W  K-^msley  will  SELL  the 
above  on  the  thi,  d  day  of  Sale,  THURbDAY.  October  r4,  r886, 
at  II  o'clock  to  the  minute. 

Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneer,  Woodford,  price  6d.  each,  re- 
turnable to  purchasers. 

N.B. — Arrangements  have  been  made  to  stop  the  9.3  traia 
from  Liverpool  Street  at  Hatfield  Station  on  the  Days  oi  Sale. 


Nash    Court,    i'A  miles   from   Tenbury  Station 

MR.  G.  H.  WINTON  has  been  favoured 
with  instructions  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  FRI- 
DAY, October  15,  at  t  o'Clock,  a  large  Choice  and  Valuable 
COLLECTION  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
lU  in  a  healthy  condition,  and  will  be  sold  in  lots  to  suit  put- 


To^ 


,  apply  to  J.  SMITH,  Gardener,  on  the  premises. 


Kentish  Town,  N.W. 

Mansfield  Nursery,  Mansfield  Road,  adjoining  Gospel  Oak 

Station. 

EARLY  SALE.— ABSOLUTELY  WITHOUT  RESERVE. 

HIGHLY  IMPORTANT    CLEARANCE    SALE   of  nearly 

2  Acres  of  NURSERY  STOCK,   in  consequence  of  the 

land  being  reqaired  by  the  School  Board  for  London. 

MESSRS.  FULLER  and  FULLER  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  John  Russell  10  SE  LL  by  AUCTION, 
at  the  Nursery,  as  above,  on  MONDAY,  October  18,  at  11  for 
12  o'clock  punctually,  the  Stock  as  under,  comprising  about  :  — 
6000  good  bushy  PRIVET,  from  2  feet  6  inches  to  6  feet  high. 
7000  good  bushy  Green  EUONYMUS,  from  9  in.  103  ft.  high. 
3000  Lombardy  POPLARS,  from  9  to  13  feet  high. 
500  Russian  LAURELS,  from  a  to  4  feet  high. 
400  CONIFER/B. 

500  AMPELOPSlS  VEITCHII,  in  pots,  3  to  4  feet  high. 
500  Irish  IVIES,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet  high. 
And  a  quantity  of  other  SHRUBS  and  MISCELLANEOUS 
ITEMS,  &c. 
Messrs.  Fuller  &  Fuller  would  specially  draw  the  atten- 
tion of  Gentlemen,   Nurserymen,    Builders,   and   others  to  the 
above  Sale,  as  aff  .rding  an  exceptional  opportunity  of  acquir- 
ing well-grown  ^.HRUBS  and   TREES    adapted  lor  Planting 
for  immediate  effect. 

The  Stock  can  be  viewed  on  the  FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY 
prior  to  the  Sale,  and  the  Vendor  will  arrange,  if  desired,  to 
take  up  and  remove  (it  Purchasers. 

Catalogues  can  be  had  on  the  Premises  ;  of  Mr.  JOHN 
RUSSELL,  Devonshire  Nursery,  Haverstock  Hill,  N.W.  ; 
and  of  the  Auclioneers.  -/o.  Queen  Street,  Cheapside,  EC. 

West  Drayton,  Mlddleaex- 
IMPORTANT    SALE  of  NURSERY    STOCK. 

MR.  E.  P.  NEWMAN  has  been  instructed 
by  Mr.  Jonathan  Smith  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  in 
the  Drayton  Fields,  on  TUESDAY,  October  19,  about  91,500 
APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  CHERRY  TREES,  GOOSE- 
BERRY and  CURRANT  BUSHES,  and  other  NURSERY 
STOCK  of  the  very  best  kinds. 

Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneer,  Uxbridge. 

Great  Nursery  Sale  at  Annan 

WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  October  23  and  31, 

each  day  at  ri  o'Clock 

(owing  to  Expiring  of  Lease  of  26  Acres  of  Nursery  Ground). 

MESSRS.  JOHN  PALMER  and  SON, 
Nurserymen.  Annan,  Dumfriesshire,  have  airaDjred  to 
offer  for  SALE  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION,  on  OCTOBER  20 
and  21,  the  whole  of  the 

VALUABLE  NURSERY  STOCK 
growing  on  the  above  ground,  comprising  milhons  of  seedling 
and  transplanted  Forest  Toes  (  .f  all  descriptions),  immense 
quantity  of  Thorns  in  sizes  for  hedging,  large  stoclc  of  Mahonia 
and  other  Plants  suitable  for  coverts  ;  thousands  of  Orna- 
mental Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Coniferae  for  immediate  effect  ; 
large  lot  of  choice  Rh  dodendrons.  including  magnificent 
specimens,  from  4  to  7  feel  in  height,  beautifully  ,set  with  buds. 
The  whole  of  the  Stock  is  in  the  best  possible  condition  for  re- 
m-^val,  and  will  be  SOLD  by  AUCTION,  by 

Mr.  DAVID  MITCHELL.  Horticultural  Auctioneer, 
6,  Com^ly  B.ink,  Edinburgh. 

Note. — The  Auctioneer  begs  to  draw  thi?  attention  of  tho« 
interested  to  this  Important  Sale.  The  Messrs.  Palmer  are  the 
largest  and  most  successful  growers  of  Seedling  and  Transplanted 
Forest  Trees  in  Scotland,  their  Nurseries  are  over  120  acres  m 
extent,  are  situated  close  to  the  Solway  Firth,  consequently  the 
Plants.  Trees,  and  Shrubs,  are  of  the  hardiest  descriptions. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  from  ihe  Auciioneer  ;  also  Messrs. 
JOHN  PALMER  and  SON,  Nurserymen,  Annan,  Dumfries- 
shire. 

TO  THE  SEED  and  NURSERY  TRADE. 
—The  Advertiser  isaoxious  to  PURCHASE  an  ESTAB- 
LISHED BUSINESS  in  the  Seed  Trade,  or  Seed  and  Nui - 
teiy  preletred.  Must  be  a  good  going  concern,  and  bear  the 
siriciest  iuvcsligauLin.  Pre'crence  would  be  given  to  one  m  the 
vicinity  ol  London. 

Address    SEEDSMAN,    Gardniers'    Chrcntde    Office, 
41,    Wellington    Street,    Strand,    W.C. 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


451 


FOR  SALE,  an  Old-established  NURSERY 
GARDEN  BUSINESS  m  the  South  ol  London. 
Last  year's  takings  over  (,ioa-  Over  3  Acres.  Nearly  twenty 
Greenhouses,  with  open  Sheds,  Pits,  Stables,  and  Residence. 
Lease  thirteen  years  to  run.  Rent.  {,-i\  2J.  6i/. 
Apply  to  BARNARD  and  CO.,  47,  Lincoln's  Ion  Fields,  W.C. 

OR   DISPOSAL,   as   it   stands,   a    ROSE 

NtJRSERY  and  DAIRY,  with  Milk  Walk,  including 
about  10,000  Budded  Roses,  two  Cows  in  full  milk,  and  all 
Dairy  Utensils  :  .£150.— J.   C.  PLATT,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

Spring  Orove. 

near  the  Thames  at  Richmond  and  Twickenham. 

TO  BE  LET,  a  FAMILY  RESIDENCE, 
unfurnished,  in  a  pleasant  situation,  5  minutes  from  the 
station,  with  Stabling  for  2  horses,  and  2  acres  of  nicely 
arranged  Gardens,  Greenhouses.  &c.,  8  Bed-rooms,  3  Dressing- 
rooms  and  Bath  rooms,  3  good  Reception-rooms,  Hoiisekeeper's- 
room.  Pantry,  &c. 

Messrs.     OEBENHAM,     TEWSON,     FARMER,     and 
BRIDGEWATF.R,  Eo,  Cheapside.  E.C.  (40,660  ) 

rpo    LET,     Two    Walled    GARDENS,     an 


To  Nuiaerymen,  Market  Gardeners,  &c. 

TO     BE     LET,    on     LEASE,    9   Acres    of 
FREEHOLD     LAND,      five     minutes'    walk      from 
Hampton  Station.  S.W. 

Apply  to  Mr.  MASON,  Broad  Lane.  Hampton. 

0"l^T,    a    NURSERY,    containing 

Y2  an  acre  of  Land,  3  Greenhouses,  and  Cottigf, 
Situated  in  a  rapidly  rising  neighbourhood,  8  miles  from  Co  vent 
Garden.     On  Lease,  at  low  rentaL 

Apply,  The  Nursery,  Summit  Road,  Walthamstow. 

THOUSANDS  of  good  PRIVET  for  SALE, 
3  to  4  feet. — Apply 
F.  V.  JOHNSTON,  Ciaven  Nursery,  Newbury,  BerVs. 

Grape  Vines. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
Slock  of  GRaPK  vines,  clean,  robust,  and  healihy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  ihe 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5J.  and  71.  dd.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  loj.  ^d.  and  12s.  6d.  each. 

The  Vineyard.  Garston.  Liverpool. 

EUCHARIS  AMAZONICA,  looo  fine  stong 
Bulbs,    planted-out   in   a  bed,    clein   and   healthy.       If 
taken  in  one  lot  will  be  sold  for  6s.  each. 

Apply,  H.  HARVEY,  Woolley  Park,  Wantage,  Berks. 

E"  UG.      VERVAET  -  DE     VOS     offers  :  — 
INDIAN  AZALEAS  at  751.,  io5j.,  and  1201.    per    100. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  at  40^,,  fos.,  and  801.  per  100. 
CAMELLIAS,  with  names,  at  looj.  and  t23j    per  too. 
SPIR«A  JAPONICA  at  85.  and  loi.  per  too. 
All  bud  plants,  in  the  most  splendid  condition. 
The  Indian  Azalea  Nursery,  Swynaerde,  near  Ghent,  Belgium. 

OUBLE      WHITE     PRIMULA,      gifo\vn 

esptjcially  for  winter  blooming,  extra  strong  pl.inls,  in 
5-inch  pots,  i2f.  per  dozen,  755.  per  ico  ;  EUCHARIS  AMA- 
ZONICA, blooming  bulbs  m  5-inch  pots,  121.  per  dozen,  755. 
per  100;  EUCHARIS  CANDIDA,  ^  blooming  bulb^  in 
S-inch  pots,  soj.  per  ico  bulbs.     Cash  with  order  to 

TURNER    BROS.,    Nurserymen  and  Florists  Green  Hill 
Nursery,  Allerton,  Liverpool. 


THE  COTSWOLD  HARDY  ROSES.— 
These  Roses  have  been  Exhibited  and  Awarded  Prizes 
at  most  of  the  principal  Rose  Exhibitions  in  England.  The 
Subscribers  offer  strong  bushes,  well  rooted,  on 

BRIER  CUTTINGS,  at  as.  per  dozen,  70s.  per  too  ; 

MANETTI,  6oi.  per  100; 

OWN  ROOTS,  ^os.  per  100. 

STANDARDS  and  HALF. STANDARDS,  I2J.  to  i8j.  per  doz. 

CATALOGUES  now  ready. 

JNO.  JEFFRIES  and  SON,  Rose  Growers.  Cirencester. 

Roses— Roses— Roses. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  a  large  and  fine  slock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROSES  in  all  the  leading  varieties  •  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MARECHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON 
and  other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.  Circular  with  prices 
on  application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 


Orchids. 

JROBSON,  Bovvdon  Nursery,  Altrincham, 
•  having  purchased  Two  Private  Collections  of  Established 
ORCHIDS,  IS  prepared  to  supply  strong  flowering  Plants  at 
the  following  very  low  prices  for  cash  ;  — 

12  ORCHIDS,  in  12  choice  varieties,  60s.  ;  24  ditto,  103s. 
List  of  sorts  on  application. 

J.  R  is  also  offering  the  following  Plants,  at  extraordinarily 
low  prices,  viz.  :— CARNATIONS,  in  25  best  varieties  -01 
per  too;  DIANTHUS,  Napoleon  III.,  201.  per  100  :  PICO- 
TEES,  in  25  best  varieties.  25s.  per  too;  PYRETHRUMS, 
in  25  best  double  varieties,  20J.  per  too  ;  PELARGONIUMS, 
in  25  best  varieties,  \os.  per  100  :  Manchester  Market  and 
Drumhead  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  31.  per  1000  for  cash. 


M 


ESSRS.    FRED.    HORSMAN  and  CO.. 
Orchid  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  tha' 
;w  interleaved    CA TALO  5UE   of  Orchid  Specialties  ii 
idy,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO.,  Colchester. 


F    Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  (in  pots). 
RANCIS   R.    KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties  true  to  name 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


"I^ERN.S,  PTERIS  TREMULA,  in  pots,  12s. 

-*-  per  TOO,  cash.     Sample  free. 

M.  SMYTH,  .8,  White  Horse  Lane,  Mile  End,  London,  E. 

UVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

Price  3J.   per  loo,    lir.    6d.  per  500,  20J.    per   1030 
From  leading  varieties.     LIST  on  application 

,„  , Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  ^d. 

W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 


L 


THE        GARDENERS'       ROYAL 
BENEVOLENT    INSTITUTION. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN,  that  an  ADDITION  to 
the  LIST  of  PENSIONERS  of  this  Institution  will  be  made  in 
JANUARY  NEX  V.  All  persons  desirous  of  becoming  Candi- 
dates are  required  to  send  in  their  Applications  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  or  before  the  loth  of  NOVEMBER  NEXT,  alter 
which  day  they  will  not  be  received. 

Preference  will  be  given  to  those  Applicants  or  their  Widows 
who  have  been  Subscribers  for  15  clear  years.  Should  there 
not  be  sufficient  of  this  class  of  applicants  to  ftll  the  vacancies, 
then  the  cUims  of  others  will  be  considered.— By  order, 

EDW.  R.  CUTLER.  S-c. 

50,  Parliament  Sireet,  London,  S  W.-Oct.  6,  1886. 

P  S.— Printed  Forms  and  all  information  can  be  obtained 
from  the  Secretary. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 
Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheape.st  in  the  Market  Miss  Jolliff  C4RNATIONS,  Marie 
Louise  VIOLETS,  and  Marchioness  PRIMULAS.— Apply  for 
particulars  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Sumford. 


LIMES   —    ELMS—  LIMES. 

STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 

LIMES,     best     red-twigged     variety,      12  to    14    feet,     and 

ELMS,  English,  true,  i2  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS   and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Northampton. 


O 


To  BE  S 

through  want  of  rom. 
6  lar^e  Musas  or  Banana  plants,  12  Seaforthia  elegans,  3  to 
5  feet  high  ;  6  Imantophyllums.  i  large  Pandanus  Veitcbii, 
I  Aralia  Chabrieri,  3  feet  hi^h  ,  4  Plumbago  capensis,  Jas- 
minum  Sambac.  Tabernsemontanas,  Roodeletias,  Anlhunums, 
Latauia  borbonicas,  large  Camellias.  &c. 

For    particulars     address    JOHN     WATSON,    Gardener, 
47,  Fitzjohn's  Avenue.  Hampstead,  N.W. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  alt  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  rat.  to  24^.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  — RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 

•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown 
stock  of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties).  EPACRIS, 
SOLANUMS,  GENISTAS.  CYCLAMEN,  BOUVARDIAS, 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  and  other  FERNS;  GAR- 
DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  GREVI L- 
LEAS.  VINES  in  pots.  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade 
CATALOGUES  forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee,  S  E. 


Importation  and  Exportation 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Ornamental  Plant  Nur- 
sery,  Ghent.  Belgium,  offers  to  the  Trade  at  very  low 
prices  AZALEA  INDICA.  best  sorts,  with  buds:  AZALEA 
INDICA,  Mme,  VANDER  CRUVSSEN,  with  buds; 
AZ-iLEA  INDICA,  only  white,  with  buds  ;  AZALEA 
MOLLIS,  wuh  buds.  CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts,  wiih  and 
without  buds;  CAMELLIAS,  only  white,  wiih  and  without 
buds;  DEUTZIA  GRACILIS,  strong.  FICUS  ELASTICA, 
li  to  li  per  ,00.  HVDRANGEA  PANICULATA 
GRANDIKLORA,  strong.  ^PIR/EA  JAPONICA,  i  and  2 
years.  CATALOGUE  Iree  on  application. 


New  Perpetual  Strawberry.  "Rol  Henri." 

PAUL  AND  SON  can  supply  this  as  shown 
by  them  10  fruit  on  open-ground  grown  plants,  Sep- 
tember  2t.  R.H.S.  ;  in  small  pots,  6r  per  dozen  ;  in  32's,  Z2^. 
per  dozen.         The  "  Old  "  Nurseries,  Cheshunu 

Rhododendron  Stocks. 

PAUL    AND    SON    can    supply    some    few 
thousands  of    theie,    good,  at  £,6  per  1000. 
The  "  Old  ■•  Nurseries,  CheshunL 


UTCH   BULBS. 

IRECT   FROM   THE   GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  Dutch  Bulbs  are  invited  to  read 
Ant.  Roozen  &  Son's  Catalogue  for  18S6,  and  see  the  large 
saving  effected  by  Dealing  dirhct  with  the  Grower  The 
Caia'ozue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections  of 
New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars  as 
to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application  to 
them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane, 
St.  Mary-at-HiU,  London,  E.C. 

FECIAL    A iTd    CHEAP    OFFER 

TO   THE    TRADE. 
AZALEA    PONTICA.    INDICA  ;    RHODODENDRON 
PONTICUM  ;        HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      and 
GRANDIFLORA:  SPIR.'Et  JAPONICA  and  PALMATA  ; 
ACER  NEGUNDO   FOl.IlS  VARIEGATIS  ;    CORVLUS 
AVELLANA  and  PURPUREA  ;  CORNUS  SIBIRICA  and 
SANGUINEA  ;        PALMS  —  LATANIA.         PHCENIX, 
CORYPHA,   KENTIA,   ARECA  :    FOREST  and   ORNA- 
MENTAL   TKLES    and    SHRUBS   ;       ABIES     NORD- 
MANNIANA. 
Prices  and  full  particulars  will  he  forwarded  on  application  to 
P.     E.     FRANCKEN,    Nurseryman,    Steenbrugge,    near 
Bruges,  Belgium. 


RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  their  extensive  stock  of 
Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  of  all  descriptions,  for  Plantinjf  or 
Forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and  well  budded. 
The  Azalea  mollis  are  remarkably  fine  and  well  budded,  and 
they  offer  good  bushy  Plants,    full  of  bud^,   at  Zs.   to  qs.  per 


very  moderate.     Catalogues  post-free  on  application. 

Brook  Lane  Nursery,  ORMSKIRK,  LANCASHIRE. 


VEITCH'S  DAFrODILS 

for  Pot-Culture  or  Plantinjf. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W, 

Our  ColUclii}}!  of  these  hardy  and  attractive  early  sf'ring- 
fit'U>e'ing  Butbs  embraces  all  tlu  finest  and  most  distinct 
■welt  knjnt'n  varieties,  as  also  the  uto^t  beautijut  and  desirable 
neiv  hybrids 

BICOLOR  HORSEFIELDII  (King  of  Daffodils). 

A  splendid  large  free-Howei  iiig  early  and  beautiful  variety. 
Per  dozen.  lor, 

LOEIFOLnXS  RUGILOBUS. 

Showy,  free  blooming  and  early  v.»ricty,  tine  for  cutting. 

Per  dozen,  aj.  kd   ;  per  ico,  17J.  bd. 

LORIFOLIUS  EUFEROR. 

The  most  noble  and  striking  DafT  .dil  in  cultivation,  a  most 

beautiful  and  desirable  variety. 

Each,  2J.  ;  per  dozen,  arf. 

MAXIMUS. 

Immense  size,  one  of  the  nnest  and  Largest  of  all  Daffodils. 

Per  dozen,  6j.  ;  per  too,  4SJ. 

OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffodil). 

Bright  yellow,  dwarl,  and  floriferous  :  one  of  the  earliest. 

Per  dc  zen,  jj.  ;  ner  rco,  12s.  (>d. 

CERNUOS   PLENUS. 

An  extremely  beautiful  and  very  scarce  crramy-white  variety. 

Each,  2J.  dd  ;  per  dozen,  i\s. 

MOSCHATUS  (of  Haworth) 

Trumpet  and  perianth  pure  snow-white  ;  very  elegant. 

Per  dozen,  ^s.  6d. 

PALLIDUS    PR.ffiCOX. 

Very  early  fiowerin?.  pale  sulplmr  oioured  flowers. 

Per  dozen,  2r.  6d.  :  per  too,  zjs-  6d. 

P0ETI0U3    OKNATUS 

Very  early,  broad  pure  white  perianth,  with  red  crown. 

Per  dozen,  ir.  Qd.  :  per  roo,  I2r.   6d. 

SINGLE  DAFFODIL  (Lent  Lily). 

Per    100,   3J. 

DOUBLE    DAEfODIL. 

Per    10.,   3!. 

PHEASANTS-EYE    NARCISSUS. 

Per    too.  3!. 

DOUBLE  WHITE   SWEET-SCENTED   NARCISSUS. 


ROYAL     EXOTIC     NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 

SEEDLING         BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

iSS.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  301.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection). 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  imo  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roies,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  jd.  in  stamps. 

jAMfc-S  L.  BOYSON,  Caen,  Calvados,  France. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TU'LIPS.  &c., 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOWEKINGSHRUBS, 

THE  BE.ST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c., 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoinine  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway, 
hall  an  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  low  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 


®lii  (Sstablishtti 


®u^c5  fmtv 

—  dPioote,  — 

SUPERB    QUALITY. 


Pnces  very  moderate. 

ffree  Deltveries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 


ytliable  altoaiig-  Address  in  full— 


P.^fI.Dl6I^S0N^S0NS,[ 
"^XiZ  dueen's  Sce&smen,    •>  \ 
GHBSTBI^. [ 


452 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  9,  1886. 


SUTTON'S  ^^  DUTCH  BULBS. 


Irncea    iaa\,  i 

COLLECTIONS  of  TULIPS  for  EXHIBITION, 

These  Collections  consist  of  the  most  brilliant  and  attractive  varieties. 
They  have  been  specially  selected  for  exhibition,  and  comprise  many  of 
the  leading  sorts  contained  in  the  Prize  Collections  at  the  Metropolitan 
Spring  Shows. 


SINGLE   VABIETIE8. 

50  Single  Show  Tulips  in  lo  varieties  . , 


12  0 
6  0 
3  0 


DOUBLE   VARIETIES.  ,  ^ 

60  Double  Show  Tulips,  in  lo  varieiies. .  12  6 


SUTTON'S 

COLLECTIONS  of  SINGLE  TULIPS, 

SUITABLE    FOR   POTS    OR   BEDDING. 

These  are  selected  from  the  showiest  and  best  of  the  bedding 
varieties,  and  are  admirably  adapted  either  for  Conservatory  and  Green- 
house Decoration,  or  for  making  a  splendid  display  in  Beds  or  Borders. 


17  6 
16  0 
8  0 


25  Single  Tulips,  in  s  cho 


"  At  the  Spring  Show  of  thfi  Preston  and  Fulwood  Floral  and  Horti- 
cultural society  I  obtained  Ist  Prizes  in  all  the  Tulip  classes  with 
bulbs  I  had  from  your  firm."— Mr.  JAS.  B,  DIXON,  Preston. 


SUTTON  &  SONS, 


THE     QUEEN'S 
SEEDSUEN, 


READING. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  lORTICTJLTURAL  BUILDERS,  NORWICH. 


Boulton    &    Paul's    CUCUMBER 

FRA.U£S  are  always  in  stock,  ready  to 
be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  They  are 
made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  from  the 
best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  special  require- 
ments, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  Frames  are  of  i|  in.  boards,  24  in.  high 
in  iront,  bolted  at  the  corners,  and  easily 
taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  Lights  are 
2  in.    thick,    with  iron   bar  across  and  one 


handle  at 
four  coats, 
weight.    Packed 
to    any   station    ii 


top,    and   the  whole   painted 


Gla 


is  English. 

,  CARRIAGE  PAID, 

and  Wales,  to 


Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork,  Glas- 
gow, and  stations  equivalent.  Cases  are 
allowed  in  full  when  reiurned. 


No.  75.— Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame.    All  sizes  In  Stock. 


CASH    PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.  W-dth.  Piice. 
!-LlGHT  FRAME  . ,  8  feet  bv  6  feet  /"s  5  o 
12  feet  by  6  leet  4  12  6 
16  feet  by  6  feet  600 
20  feet  by  6  feet  776 
.  24  feet  by  6  feet  8  15  o 
Smaller  Frames  are  made.  See  LISTS, 
Post-free,  of  Greenhouses,  H  eating  Apparatus, 
Garden  Frames  in  every  variety  made.  Gar- 
den Implements,  Water  Carts.  Pumps,  and 
everything  required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure 
Grounds,  post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  by 
appointment  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO    HTJNDBED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  63. ;    fifty,  10s.  :   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of  not   less   than  twenty-five   delivered,    Carriage    Free,   in   London   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.    RICHARDS     41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.O. 


October  9,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


453 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 


Strong  Roots,  t,s.  per  ic 
ditto  in  larEc  pof^.  255   pe 

RICHARD  SMITH 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Plarts  in  small  pots,  i6j.  per  loo  ; 
CO.     Descriptive  LIST  Iree. 
ID    CO.,     Nurserymen    and    Seed 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES, 

GROWN   BY 

WM.   RISLEY,   Maritzburg,  Natal. 

The  Trade  and  Growers  are  hereby  informed  that 
Mr.  Risley's  Crop  is  now  landed.  The  Bulbs  are  in 
splendid  condition,  large  and  healthy,  and  altogether 
such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the  market. 
Quotations  very  low.  Cases  free.  Terms,  net  cash. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 

WM.    G.    MAC    GREGOR, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.C. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
See  Gardeners  Chronicle  of  Sept.  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES. 

PEARL    TUBEROSES,  Natal  grown. 

EVERLASTING    FLOWERS. 

GROWN  BY 

ED  WARDS  6-  BELL,  Maritzburg. 

Our  Bulbs  have  all  been  raised  from  Picked 
Seed,  and  are  "  second  to  none"  in  the  market. 
Particularly  fine  and  well  selected. 


FOR     PRICES     AND     TERMS.     APPLY    TO 

PERCY  J.   POOL  &   CO., 

4,  BISHOPSGATE  STREET  WITHIN,  E.C. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK.  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  if. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "  List    of  Nkw,    Rars.     and 

Choick  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardv  North  American  Fkrns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NITRSERT.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  THEES, 
Kentish   Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  early  as  convenient  to 

Mr.    COOPER,  ERH.S..    Calcot  Gardens,    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAMPHLETS     on    application. 

JERSEY    FRUIT  TREES^ 


A-ho  will  send.  Carriage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 

NURSERY      STOCK:— 

ABIES  CANADENSIS,  4  to  8  feet, 

„    DOUGLASII,  ito6  feet. 

„     DOUGLASU  GLAUCA,  3tosfeet. 

.,     HOOKERIANA  or  PATl'ONIANA,  3  to  5  feet. 

„     ORIENTALIS,  4,  s,  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

„     PARRYANA  GLAUCA.  1^  to  3  feet,   hundreds.    All 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet,      [from  seed. 

„     DEODARA,  6t0  9leet. 

.,     LIBANI  (Cedar  ol  Lebanon),  4  to  5  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA    ERECTA   VIRIDIS.  3.  4. 

„    LUTEA,  3,  4,  and  s  feet,  hundreds.  [5  to  8  leet. 

JUNIPER,  Chinese,  5,  8,  to  13  feet. 

,.    Chinese,  Golden,  3  to  8  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  a  to  5  feet, 

,,     GRANDIS.  st0  7feet. 

„    LASIOCARFA.  3to5feet. 

„     MAGNIFICA.  at0  3(eet,  hundreds. 

„    NORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  7,  to  10  feet,  hundieds. 

„     PINSAPO,  6  to  10  feet. 
PINUS  AUSTKIACA,  3  to  -i\i  and  4  feet,  well  furnished  and 
transplanted  October,  1885,  thousands. 

.,     CEM  BRA,  3,  6  to  8  feet 
RETINOSPORA  OBTUSA  AUREA,  3  to  6  feet. 

„    PISIFERA  AUREA(true),  3to6feet. 

,,    PLUMOSA  AUREA,  3  to  s'feet 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet. 

„    DOLABRATA,  3,  4.  and  6  feet. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  4tos  feet. 

„    OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3to6feet. 
SEMPER  AUREA,  aj/  to  3  It 


YEWS,  Common,  3.  4,  and  5  leet,  thousandi. 

„     Common,  6  to  10  feet. 

„     Golden,  of  ail  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes. 

and  Stan- 

dards.  in  point  of  variety  and  size  uaequ 

alled. 

„     Golden,  Seedlmes.  3,  4    5.  to  8  feet. 

„     Iri'.h,  5  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

,.     Irish.  Golden.  Seedlings,  3,  4  and  5  feet. 

AZALEAS,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3 

4,  and  5 

10  feel,  hundreds  of  be; 


feet,  iho 

RHODODENDRONS,  3.  4,  5  6.  8  to  10  feet,   thousands  of 

finer  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  Nursery. 

13'  The  fine  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons 

annually  planted  in  Rotten   Ro*.    Hyde  Park,  are 

supplied  by  Anthonv  Watbrbr. 

AUCUBA  JAPONICA,  j^  to  4  feet. 

BAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps.  5  to  8  feet  high,  trans- 
planted spring,  i836,  huodieds, 
BOX,  Green  and  Variegated,  3,  4,  5.  6  to  7  feet,  thousands. 
HOLLIES,  Common  Green,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feet. 
„    ALTACL4RENSE  ■ 
„     HODGINS', 

„    LAURI  POLIA,         1-  3,  4,  5  up  to  to  feet. 

,.  MVRTIEOLIA, 
„  SCOTTICA, 
„  Yellowberried  and 
I,  Variegated,  of  sorts 
„  Golden  Queen,  3,  4 
tiful  specimen 
„  Silver  Queen,  4  to  1 
,,     Weeping,  Perry's.  ( 

fifie^n  years'  growth. 
,,     Weeping,  New  Golden,  a  large  quantity  of  beautiful  plai 

The  following  trees  ha' 
splendid  roots,  and  have  a 
ACACIA  BESSONIANA,  6  to  12  feet. 

„     SEMPERFLORENS,  isto  i4feet. 
ACER  DASYCARPUM,  12  to  16  feet. 

„    „    WIERII   LACINIATA,  lofeet. 

NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA,  Standards,  8  to  i 

„     LEOPOLDII.  irto  14  feet. 

„    REITENBACHII,  8  to  10  feet. 

„    SCHWEDLERII,  12  to  16  feet. 

„    WORLEYII,  Standards,  12  to  14  feet. 
ASH,  Mountain,  10  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 

,     Purple,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  g  to  t6  feet. 
BIRCH,  Purple,  14  t 


o  feet,  solerdid  s 


/uh  heads  of  ten  I 


Silv 


I  feet. 


CHESTNUT,  Hi 
„  „  Double  White,  10  to 
,.  „  Scarlet,  12  to  16  feet. 
,.     Spanish,  12  feet. 

ELMS.  English, 


6  feet. 


nsey. 


!  feet. 


LIMES.  10  to  16  feet 

„     EUCHLORA  c 

.,  Silver-leaved,  ic 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6 
Maple,  Norway,  14 
OAK,  English,  iota  12  f. 

,,  Scarlet  American,  i 
PLANES,  Eoglishgnwi 
POPLAR  KOLLEANA, 

,.    CA?JADENSIS  NOVA  (the  true' 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  .4  to  16  feet. 

„  Purple,  14  to  16  feet, 
THORNS,  Double  Scarlet,  8  to  to  feet. 


r  DASVSTILA,  to  feet. 

o  8  feet, 
to  16  feet. 


feet. 


Whit 


Iofe< 


WEEPINGS  TREES. 
BEECH,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  8  to  12  feet. 

.,     .,     Purple,  Pyramids  and  Siadards,  7  to  12  feet. 
BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  8  to  14  ft. 
ELMS.  Weepmg,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  7  to  14  feet. 
LARCH.  Weeping  Pyramids,  6  to  10  feet. 
OAK,  Weeping  English,  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 
POPLAR,  Weepng.  Pyramids  and  Standards,  10  to  I2  feet. 
SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  8  to  9  feet. 

Waddeidon  Manor,  Baron  F.  DE  Rothschild's,  and 
Eythrope,  Miss  Alice  db  Rothschild's— together  the  most 
extensive  and  successfully  planted  places  in  the  history  of  Eng- 
land— were  supplied  principally  from  the  Knap  Hill  Nursery. 

Intending  planters  are  invited  to  inspect  tite  Plants  Row- 
ing;  no  one  interested  in  such  matters  tvill  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  0/ sitck  a  stock. 

A    DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE 

Will  be  sent  on  application. 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    9,    18S6. 


Knap  Hill  Nursery,  Woking,  Surrey. 


FROM     AN     IRISH     GARDEN  — 
A   RETROSPECT. 

JULY  14. — In  these  days  of  fiery  sunshine 
white  flowers  in  the  garden  are  very  welcome, 
they  seem  so  fresh  and  cool  when  all  around  is 
hot  and  dry.  Especially  so  is  the  old  Cam- 
panula persicifolia,  not  planted  in  dots  or 
martyred  by  being  tied  to  a  stake,  but  growing 
in  a  wide  mass  that  somehow  makes  one  think 
of  a  ship's  white  sail  spread  to  the  wind.  White 
Pinks  (Mrs.  Sinkin)  are  very  sweet  and  fair — 
large  and  beautiful,  like  a  snowball,  but  the 
old-fashioned  smaller  kind  has  a  soft  feathery 
aspect  that  pleases  unconsciously,  while  its 
fragrance  is  like  the  breeze  from  some  spicy 
isle.  To-day  the  long  plumes  of  Spira;a  filipen- 
dula  fl.-pl.,  rising  up  from  their  nest  of  Fern- 
like leaves,  are  moving  gently  in  the  wind,  and 
the  white  Rose  of  Provence  is  weighed  down 
with  its  wealth  of  blossoms.  One  has  to  raise 
the  flowers  to  see  how  exquisite  is  their  purity, 
the  petals  being  of  such  delicate  te.'iture  that 
they  give  the  idea  of  translucency.  Nicotiana 
affinis,  that  looks  so  dusky  in  the  full  daylight 
with  its  blossoms  tightly  shut  up  like  a 
little  hand  in  a  brown  glove,  will  open 
out  towards  sunset  ;  and  through  the  twi- 
light and  such  darkness  as  a  summer's 
night  may  bring,  gleam  forth  in  starry  brightness 
while  other  blossoms  can  barely  be  distinguished. 
This  starry  aspect  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a 
dark  background,  and  to  see  the  scattered 
branches  with  hundreds  of  blossoms  open 
against  a  deep  green  hedge  of  Escallonia 
macrantha  is  a  picture  in  the  gloaming. 

At  last  I  have  found  where  the  Orange  Lilies 
look  best.  It  is  just  in  the  front  of  the  dark 
grey  wall  where  the  stones  are  large,  and  when 
wet  after  a  shower  are  e.xactly  the  colour  of  a 
thunder-cloud,  having  even  the  purplish  tinge 
of  a  lurid  sky.  Against  this  deep  background 
the  strong  warm  colour  of  the  Lilies  is  delight- 
ful. They  do  not  look  like  Orange  Lilies  any 
longer,  they  have  the  glow  of  Fire  Lilies,  and 
with  a  cluster  of  white  Marguerites  at  their 
base,  and  the  feathery  wands  of  Spiraea  Aruncus 
close  by,  and  dark-leaved  Jessamine  climbing 
over  part  of  the  wall,  this  spot  is  at  present  the 
most  attractive  in  the  garden. 

July  17. — After  long  days  ot  burning  drought 
and  sunshine,  soft  rain  has  come  and  birds  and 
blossoms  alike  are  rejoicing  in  the  delicious 
bath.  Looking  out  early  this  morning  I  per- 
ceived the  old  Arbutus  tree  beneath  all  astir 
with  a  crowd  of  blackbirds.  As  there  were  no 
ripe  berries  to  be  devoured  I  stood  still  to  see 
what  the  eager  fuss  was  about.  I  could  not  for 
a  (ew  seconds  discover  what  the  fluttering  on 
the  top  of  the  thick  tufts  of  green  leaves  meant  ; 
but  suddenly  I  saw  it  all.  They  were  taking  a 
bath  in  the  tree  !  So  long  deprived  of  mois- 
ture, they  had  flown  at  once  to  the  old  Arbutus, 


454 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  9,  1886. 


whose  thick  foliage  held  the  raindrops,  and 
there,  with  outspread,  fluttering  wings,  were 
busy  dashing  the  warm  rain-spray  over  their 
feathers.  No  doubt  others  have  noticed  this 
sight  before,  but  as  it  was  new  and  delightful  to 
me,  I  remained  to  watch  until,  at  some  signal 
of  their  own,  away  they  all  flew  to  the  garden 
to  breakfast  on  Strawberries. 

August  25. — Again  the  robin  sings  !  There 
is  no  mistaking  that  plaintive  autumn  note, 
that  telli  us  the  summer  is  gone.  The  black- 
bird is  singing  too,  not  with  spring's  early  song 
of  hope,  but  as  if  recalling  the  joys  gone  by. 
The  hill  is  wrapped  in  its  royal  mantle,  the  blue 
sky  itself  looking  grey  where  the  deep  purple 
Heather  leans  against  it.  There  are  golden 
fronds  showing  among  the  dark  green  Bracken, 
and  the  new  growth  of  the  Gorse  is  of  a  lovely 
blue-green.  As  rain  clouds  pass  and  gather, 
the  sea  is  purple  in  their  shadow,  and  in  the 
sun's  rays  gleaming  with  the  indescribable  light 
that  is  seen  in  an  opal.  While  sea  and  land  are 
alike  so  rich  in  colour,  what  a  little  spot  the 
garden  seems  !  And  yet,  when  wintry  storms 
again  shall  sweep  the  hill,  it  is  to  this  little  spot 
we  shall  turn  for  comfort.  It  is  this  little  spot 
that  will  cheer  and  light  us  through  many  a 
darksome  hour. 

Just  now  the  Japanese  Roses  are  at  their 
best,  and  seen  in  the  morning  sunshine  nothing 
can  well  be  prettier  than  the  clusters  of  large 
crimson  berries,  shining  among  the  glossy 
foliage  with  wide-open  blossoms  and  bunches 
of  ruby  buds  breaking  through  the  berried 
branches.  The  hardiness  and  vigorous  growth 
of  this  Rose  makes  its  culture  the  simplest. 
Each  summer  it  sends  up  new  branches,  which 
are  cut  back  in  February  to  6  inches  or  so, 
every  bud  of  which  in  turn  shoots  up  strongly 
some  4  or  5  feet  high,  covered  with  blossoms 
and  fruit  from  early  summer  until  the  first  frosts 
of  October  turn  the  whole  bush  to  amber  and 
crimson,  as  beautiful  when  passing  away  as  in 
its  May-day  freshness.  The  white  variety  does 
not  appear  quite  so  vigorous,  but  is  more  beau- 
tiful ;  the  berries  no  longer  crimson,  but  of  a 
ruddy  orange,  remind  one  of  the  little  Manda- 
rin Oranges  one  gets  at  Malta,  and  clustered 
among  the  glistening  milky-white  blossoms  are 
charming. 

The  Japanese  in  their  p.^intings  make  free 
use  of  this  most  picturesque  shrub.  Happen- 
ing to  show  the  crimson  Ramanas  Rose  to  a 
decorative  artist  some  days  ago,  he  was  silent 
for  a  few  seconds,  then  exclaimed,  "  Now,  I 
understand  it  all,"  and  went  on  to  say  he 
had  been  that  morning  examining  a  beau- 
tiful Japanese  screen,  but  [unheeding  the 
leaves]  felt  completely  puzzled  to  know  why 
they  drew  their  Apples  with  blossoms  on 
the  same  branch  I  Now  he  recognised  the 
large  fruit  of  the  Rose  in  what  he  had  mis- 
taken for  Apples,  and  carried  away  a  branch  to 
design  from. 

The  Japan  Knotvveed,  Polygonum  sacha- 
linense,  set  in  the  grassy  lawn,  has  tossed  its 
wide  branches  around  and  sending  up  a  lacy 
spray  of  flowers  from  the  base  of  each  leaf, 
looks  as  if  a  white  veil  of  blossoms  had  been 
cast  over  the  branches.  Some  of  the  large 
leaves  are  changing  to  a  golden  hue,  and  the 
lower  ones  have  fallen  off  through  drought, 
leaving  the  quaint  cane-like  stems  visible 
beneath. 

This  year  the  Apples  are  not  half  so  rosy  as 
usual,  but  there  is  one  tree  that  is  very  pretty 
even  without  the  crimson  touch  ;  Golden  Pip- 
pins, with  sprays  of  deep  purple  Clematis, 
wandering  through  the  branches.  The  growth 
of  the  Clematis  is  so  fragile  that  it  in  no  way 
interferes  with  or  shades  the  ripening  fruit,  and 
the  unpruned  branches  just  give  the  needful 
support,  while  the  Clematis  follow  its  own  will. 
The  Austrian  Convolvulus  has  in  like  manner 
climbed  over  an  old  Pear  tree,  but  it  is  too  self- 
asserting  for  any  fruit  tree  of  value,  as  it  com- 


pletely clothes  and  enwraps  it   with  a  tangle  of 
leaves  and  blossoms 

The  draughty  porch  is  not  a  pleasant  place 
at  any  time  for  flowers,  but  Campanula  pyramid- 
alis  seems  quite  indifferent  to  the  position. 
Two  plants  of  the  white  variety  have  been 
pillars  of  blossom  in  it  for  the  last  month,  and 
will  still  remain  covered  with  bloom  for  weeks 
to  come,  as  by  clipping  away  the  blossoms 
every  few  days  when  they  wither,  the  stems 
remain  fresh  and  fair,  new  flowers  replacing 
those  that  have  faded.  A  plant  of  this  Cam- 
panula, bearing  three  or  four  stems  8  feet  high, 
clothed  with  snowy  flowers  from  top  to  bottom, 
is  hardly  recognisable  as  the  same  when  grown 
in  the  open  air,  where  comparatively  few 
blossoms  are  expanded  at  the  one  time.  At  all 
events,  when  serving  as  tall  guardians  of  the 
threshold  their  greeting  to  visitors  is  a  very 
welcome  one.     L.  A.  L. 


THE     KINVER     SEED    AND 

FLOWER  FARMS. 

Effects  of  Hybridisation  on  Garden  Plants. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  of  Wordsley,  Stourbridge, 
stand  high  among  the  great  seedsmen  of  the  present 
time,  and  in  point  of  usefuloess,  as  growers  of 
cereals  and  especially  as  breeders,  or  selectors  and 
distributors,  of  improved  varieties  of  Wheat,  Barley, 
Oats,  and  Peas.  Messrs,  Webb  devote  their  great 
farm  of  1600  acres  to  the  improvement  of  the  plants 
of  the  farm  and  garden,  carrying  into  the  agri- 
cultural department  the  practice  of  the  same  arts 
which  in  horticulture  have  transfigured  our  gardens  and 
wonderfully  altered  both  flowers  and  vegetables.  If 
any  young  gardener  has  not  particularly  considered 
the  new  garb  of  modern  flowers,  and  the  far  more 
homely  appearance  of  the  flowers  of  old  gardens, 
let  him  compare  the  small  Fuchsia  coccinea 
with  the  magnificent  blossoms  of  the  hybrid  sorts, 
which  ate  never  far  to  seek,  and  which  ate  tenfold 
the  size  of  their  patents,  and  much  mote  brilliant 
both  in  flowet  and  leaf.  Modern  Antirrhinums,  Sweet 
Williams,  Asters,  Pansies,  Stocks,  and  almost  every 
other  hardy  flower,  as  we  saw  them  growing  in 
great  beauty  and  perfection  in  the  department  devoted 
to  flowers  at  Kinver,  bear  no  comparison  to  their  old 
types.  Is  it  possible  to  imagine  a  greater  change  than 
that  which  has  overtaken  the  Tropaeolum  since  it 
became  a  florist's  flower  ?  We  might  add,  without 
forgetting  Messrs.  Webb's  improved  cereals,  is  it  pos- 
sible to  imagine  a  less  change  than  that  which  (speak- 
ing generally)  Wheat,  Barley,  or  Oats  have  undergone? 
The  same  metamorphosis  which  we  recognise  in 
flowers  has  occurred  in  the  case  of  numerous  vegetables, 
such  as  Peas,  Potatos,  Tomatos,  Carrots,  and  the 
Cabbage  tribe,  including  Cauliflowers  ;  they  have  all 
been  modified  and  moulded  at  the  improver's  will, 
with  immense  advantage  to  growers  and  consumers. 
On  the  one  hand  the  skill  of  experts  has  effected 
wonders  ;  on  the  other,  that  is,  in  agriculture,  com- 
paratively few  efforts  have  been  as  yet  recotded  foi 
the  improvement  of  the  plants  of  the  farm. 

Improvement  of  the  Plants  of  the  Farm, 
Messrs.  Webb,  however,  have  for  years  past 
laboured  to  remove  this  blot,  and  the  appeatance  of 
the  crops  at  Kinver,  both  cotn  and  flowet  ctops, 
bespeaks  a  btilliant  success.  We  shall  mention  the 
fotmet  first  in  a  few  words  of  admiration.  We 
had  seen  at  Wordsley  an  enormous  new  five- 
floored  warehouse,  built  two  years  since  for  seed 
cotn  alone,  and  said  to  be  the  largest  building 
in  the  kingdom  devoted  to  such  a  purpose.  On  the 
open  ridge  of  sound  soil  at  Kinver — an  admirable 
site  for  the  production  of  seed  corn — we  had 
the  opportunity  of  inspecting,  not  for  the  first  time, 
the  corn  crops,  which  ate  accommodated,  when 
necessary,  in  the  big  stores,  and  which  feed  a  rapidly 
increasing  business  in  seed  cotn. 

Wheat. 
The  atea  of  Wheat  is  1S5  acres,  comprising  the  Kin- 
vet  Giant,  a  vety  populat  and  ptoductive  sort,  selected 
some  years  since  ;  the  Challenge  white  Wheat, 
another  ptize  winner,  widely  appreciated  on  the  white 
Wheat  soils;  Square  Head,  a  selected  strain  of  a  wide- 
spread   variety  ;    Golden   Drop,    Hardcastle   White, 


and  Rough  Chaff.  Last,  not  least,  except  in  the 
small  existing  stock  of  it.  Hybrid  King  ought  to  be 
introduced  with  pomp  and  ceremony.  It  is  a  cross- 
bred Wheat  of  three  years  since.  I  must  not  pause 
to  supply  the  pedigree  of  this  august  variety  ;  it  is 
very  early,  and  will  be  harvested  in  August  usually  ; 
I  will  only  say  that  the  monarch  is  most  promising. 

Barley,  &c. 

The  extent  of  seed  Barley  is  206  acres,  of  Oats 
168  acres,  and  of  Peas  S2  acres  ;  but  the  sale  of  Peas 
is  so  large  in  the  green-Pea  gtowing  districts  of  Wor- 
cestershire and  adjacent  counties,  that  a  very  large 
quantity  of  Peas  is  raised  for  Messrs.  Webb  every 
year,  by  farmers  on  suitable  soils  elsewhere. 

The  whole  of  the  seeds  and  seed  corn  sent  out  by 
the  firm  are  either  grown  by  them  on  their  own  land, 
or  grown  specially  for  them  ehewhete,  by  caieful 
farmets,  ftom  "stock"  seeds  taised  at  Kinver,  the 
ctops  in  ail  such  cases  being  ptopetly  "  rogued  "  by 
qualified  expetts  and  their  assistants,  so  that  the 
bteed  may  be  kept  perfectly  pure. 


The  trials  of  Peas  in  the  grounds  at  Kinvet  this 
yeat,  included  140  sotts,  amongst  which  are  Chan- 
cellor, Wordsley  Wondet,  Kinvet  Gem,  Electiic 
Light,  and  many  othets.  Every  thing  here  is  tried, 
tested  and  compared  in  near  neighbourhood,  cereal 
against  cereal,  according  to  the  kind,  toot  against 
root,  and  flowet  against  flower.  The  competitive 
examination  is  most  severe,  and  indeed  cruel,  since 
it  occasions  the  destruction  of  many  a  plant  in  each 
department,  which  has  failed  to  attain  more  than  a 
moderate  degree  of  excellence,  instead  of  the  pre- 
eminence which  is  requited  of  all  bcfote  they  are 
catalogued  and  offeied  to  the  public. 

With  these  rematks  I  must  now  dismiss  all 
the  agticultural  ctops  at  Kinver,  cereals,  *' roots," 
pulse,  Cabbages,  and  grasses  for  permanent  and 
temporaiy  pastutes.  I  must  teluctantly  abstain,  too, 
ftom  mote  than  incidental  mention  of  Tobacco, 
which  is  hete  gtown  in  twenty  kinds,  including 
all  the  best  varieties  that  ate  cultivated  in  Ametica, 

Flower  Raising, 
I  have  often  endeavoured  to  describe  a  flower 
garden,  and  always  with  such  ill  success  compared 
with  my  desires  that  I  will  not  mar  in  that  way  the 
beautiful  plots  at  Kinver.  In  the  floral  department 
the  eyes  gtow  tited  among  the  numetous  beds 
of  blossoming  annuals,  including  250  sorts,  and 
a  large  bed  of  each.  The  brightness  of  the  flowers 
and  the  uniformity  of  each  mass  of  colours  are  sut- 
ptising.  The  fixity  of  the  type  of  each  variety  is 
proved  by  the  fact  that  many  flowers,  such  as  Pansies, 
which  could  formerly  be  reproduced  true  only  from 
cuttings  or  by  division,  now  yield  seed  which  a  gar- 
dener may  thoroughly  rely  upon. 

Among  the  flowets  a  few  names  of  some  of  the  most 
chatming  specimens  can  alone  be  given,  such  as 
these  : — Btilliant  Petunia,  Catnations,  and  Picotees  ; 
sevetal  new  vaiieties  of  Mimulus,  giant  and  dwatf 
Mignonette,  a  gigantic  Sunflowet  used  as  a  scteen 
and  10  feet  high  ;  Exhibition,  double  Zinnia,  gold- 
stiiped  French  Marigold  ;  Premier,  single  Dahlia  ; 
Asters  of  varied  colours  and  sections,  miniature, 
quilled,  Victoria,  and  Chrysanthemum-flowered  ; 
many  Stocks,  and  new  Sweet  Williams— and  what 
flower  at  the  price  is  better  worth  pondering  over 
than  the  Sweet  William  fot  its  peculiat  beauty,  which 
has  been  gteatly  incteased  in  the  best  new  vaiieties, 
Whete  shall  this  list  end  ?  I  must  just  name,  first. 
Challenge  Antirrhinum,  Canary  Bird  Wallflower,  and 
show  and  fancy  Pansies. 

The  various  garden  vegetables  ate  well  attended  to 
hete,  but  I  had  only  a  day  for  Kinvet,  and  I  have 
found  by  experience  that  a  careful  examination  of  the 
trial  plots  of  one  vegetable  only — Lettuce,  Caitot, 
Tutnip,  ot  any  other,  the  plots  being  numerous — takes 
sevetal  bouts  ;  I  cannot,  thetefote,  ventute  to  discuss 
the  metit  of  Messts.  Webb's  vegetables,  but  I  would 
willingly  take  them  on  ttust  nevertheless. 

In  the  various  catalogues  devoted  to  flowers,  bulbs, 
seed  corn,  farm  seeds,  and  special  manures  manu- 
lactuted  by  the  fitm,  and  in  the  treatise  on  the  fotma- 
tion  of  permanent  pastures  issued  by  them,  an  im- 
mense amount  of  reliable  information  is  collected. 
Details,  which  want  of  space  forbids  luy  inserting  here, 
will  be  found  in  these  publications,  with  much  good 
advice  as  to  mixtures  of  manures,  and  the  chatactet  of 
varieties  as  tested  by  wide  experience,  H.  E, 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


455 


ON  THE  PROPOSAL  TO  ESTAB- 
LISH A  PERMANENT  COLONIAL 
MUSEUM    IN    LONDON. 

The  proposal  to  continue  the  present  Colonial 
and  Indian  Exhibition  at  South  Kensington  having 
met  with  a  good  deal  of  support,  it  is  worth  while  to 
examine  it  on  its  merits,  quite  apart  from  the  popular 
accessories  of  music,  illuminations,  &c.,  the  continued 
existence  of  which  depends  upon  altogether  diiferent 
considerations. 

The  first  point  for  examination  is  whether  such  a 
permanent  exhibition  or  museum  would  materially 
and  usefully  supplement  or  form  a  real  addition  to  the 
existing  public  institutions  of  London,  for  upon  the 
determination  of  this  question  the  decision  ought 
largely  to  depend. 

On  a  general  review  of  the  vast  collection  of 
objects  exhibited  in  the  present  Exhibition,  they  are 
seen  to  be  mainly  included  under  the  four  following 
categories  :  — 

(i)  Natural  history  objects,  or  specimens  of  the 
animal,  vegetable,  and  mineral  kingdoms  of  Nature. 

(2)  The  raw  products  derived  from  them,  and  their 
economic  applications, 

(3)  Art  of  every  description,  with  which  may  be 
included  objects  bearing  upon  archaeology  and 
ethnology. 

(4)  Manufactures  of  all  kinds. 

I-  With  reference  to  natural  history,  it  can  scarcely 
be  a  public  desideratum  to  attempt  to  form  a  new 
museum  of  this  kind  when  there  exists,  within  a  few 
hundred  yards  of  the  Exhibition,  the  finest  collection 
in  the  world  in  the  great  national  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  There  the  animals,  plants,  fossils,  and 
minerals,  not  only  of  the  British  colonies  but  of  the 
whole  known  world,  are  exhibited  with  a  fullness  and 
in  a  manner  that  there  could  not  be  a  possibility  of  in 
any  way  approaching. 

2.  Then  as  regards  the  economic  uses  of  the 
vegetable  kingdom  at  least — such  as  food-products, 
drugs,  timbers,  &c. — the  nation  possesses  in  the 
Museum  of  Kew  Gardens  a  probably  unrivalled  public 
collection,  admirably  exhibited.  Many  years  of 
energy  and  a  very  large  expenditure  of  time  and 
money  would  fail  to  make  up  again  such  a  collection 
as  this  has  now  become. 

3.  Objects  of  art  both  ancient  and  modern  form  a 
very  striking  and  important  portion  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion. It  is  probable,  however,  that  the  best  part  of 
those  which  are  not  on  loan  have  been  sold  or  other- 
wise disposed  of,  and  thus  are  not  available  for  future 
exhibition.  But  with  the  South  Kensington  Museum 
at  our  doors  the  initiation  of  a  new  art  collection  can- 
not be  needed  ;  whilst  as  for  objects  illustrative  of 
ethnology  and  archeeological  specimens,  they  are,  it  is 
needless  to  say,  magnificently  displayed  in  the  galle- 
ries of  the  old  British  Museum  in  Bloomsbury. 

4.  There  remains  only  the  commercial  products  and 
manufactures  of  the  colonies  and  India,  and,  so  far 
as  I  am  aware,  there  exists  at  present  no 
general  public  collection  of  such  articles.  Here, 
then,  it  appears  to  me,  we  have  a  reasonable  basis  for 
the  formation  of  a  permanent  museum,  A  public 
collection  of  trade  samples  is  a  real  want  in  London. 

It  appears,  then,  from  the  above  observations,  that 
no  necessity  exists  for  a  new  general  museum  of 
colonial  and  Indian  productions,  inasmuch  as  the 
public  is  already  amply  provided  with  other  museums 
which  illustrate  fully  nearly  all  the  objects  and  articles 
proposed  to  be  exhibited  in  the  new  one. 

There  is  also  good  reason  to  think  that  the  multi- 
plication of  museums  is  undesirable  as  well  as  un- 
necessary. We  are  not  without  experience  of  this, 
and  the  history  of  the  late  Indian  Museum  is  quite  to 
the  point.  The  vast  collections  brought  together  by 
the  Honourable  East  India  Company  were  quite 
similar  in  kind  to  those  it  is  now  proposed  to  form, 
and  Illustrated  very  thoroughly  the  productions  of 
India.  But  the  Museum  never  attracted  public 
interest  or  proved  of  much  practical  utility  ;  many 
departments  were  neglected,  the  specimens  badly 
conserved,  and  not  available  for  consultation  or  study, 
and  at  last,  its  condition  having  become  somewhat 
of  an  official  scandal,  it  was,  six  or  seven  years  ago, 
broken  up  and  dispersed.  It  bears  strongly  on  the 
remarks  above  made  that  the  collections  had  to  be 
distributrd  among  the  very  museums  which  I  have 
there  enumerated.  No  doubt  additions  of  much 
value  thus  accrued  to  them  ;  but  there  was  also  an 
immense  mass  of  duplicate  and  damaged  material, 
some  of  which,  at  least,  was  destroyed.     After  this 


experience  it  seems  scarcely  credible  that  a  proposal 
to  form  again  another  general  Indian  Museum  in 
London  will  be  serionsly  entertained,  whatever  may 
be  the  case  as  regards  the  colonies.  But  in  the 
latter,  as  in  the  former,  it  is  almost  certain  that  from 
similar  causes  a  few  years  would  witness  the  same 
history  and  a  similar  termination. 

It  is  then,  I  believe,  in  a  permanent  museum  of 
trade  samples  and  of  the  commercial  products  of  our 
colonies  that  a  really  useful  outcome  of  the  present 
Exhibition  is  to  be  sought.  The  precise  scope  and 
character  of  such  a  museum  would,  of  course,  require 
careful  consideration  ;  but  there  is  a  great  and  in- 
creasing want  of  some  central  emporium  of  a  public 
character  where  authentic  samples,  accurately  deter- 
mined and  labelled,  can  be  readily  inspected  and 
examined  by  those  interested  in  commercial  pursuits. 
The  collection  might  well  be  arranged  geographically, 
and  should  be  accompanied  by  maps,  trade  statistics, 
and  other  aids  to  inquiry.  Under  able  management 
such  a  museum  would  be  capable  of  rendering  great 
service  to  the  commerce  of  the  Empire,  and  be  the 
means  of  bringing  into  trade  the  numerous  neglected 
products  of  the  world.  I  may  add,  parenthetically, 
that  it  would  also  relieve  the  staffs  of  our  chief  scien- 
tific establishments  oi  a  good  deal  of  work,  involving 
often  much  sacrifice  of  time,  which  now  falls  upon 
them,  though  outside  the  scope  of  their  duties. 

The  situation  of  such  a  museum  should,  however, 
be  readily  acces^iible  to  business  men,  and  would  be 
preferably  in  or  close  to  the  City  rather  than  in  the 
West  End  of  London.  Henry  Trimen^  in  *^  Nature.'* 


FLOWER    SHOWS    AND    THEIR 

USES. 
Flower  shows,  it  must  be  admitted,  aie  becoming 
to  many  lovers  of  a  garden,  and  especially  to  such  as 
are  directly  responsible  for  their  management,  a 
weariness  of  the  flesh.  There  is  so  much  anxiety 
involved  with  reference  to  subscriptions,  furnishing 
the  stages,  the  weather,  and  securing  a  good  attend- 
ance on  the  exhibition  day,  that  even  their  most 
sanguine  supporters  begin  to  ask  themselves  the 
homely  but  pertinent  question — "  Is  the  game  worth 
the  candle  ? ''  Considering  the  importance  of  the 
question,  however,  and  the  opportunities  for  useful- 
ness afforded  by  an  exhibition,  the  problem  should 
rather  be  that  suggested  in  the  columns  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle — "  In  what  way  can  flower  shows 
be  made  of  greater  use  in  the  interests  of  horticulture, 
or  rather  the  intetesti  of  the  entire  community?" 
The  Temple  of  Flora  is  haunted  by  enthusiasts,  as 
all  must  know  ;  but  there  are  others  besides  the 
enthusiasts  to  be  considered,  and  especially  the  large 
middle  class  of  tradesmen,  shopkeepers,  and  clerks,  to 
whom  gardens  and  the  cultivation  of  flowers  offer 
just  the  healthful,  interesting,  and  enjoyable  recrea- 
tion most  suited  to  their  circumstances  and  needs.  In  by 
far  the  greater  number  of  provincial  societies,  however, 
the  amateur  class,  which  mainly  consists  of  the  fore- 
going, is  far  outnumbered  both  by  the  gardeners  and 
the  cottagers.  Those  who  can  best  afford  both  the 
leisure  to  cultivate  gardens  and  the  means  to  furnish 
them — who  should  be  the  life  and  backbone  of  such 
societies — have  no  part  in  them,  the  question  will 
naturally  arise.  Why  is  this  ?  The  answer  we  venture 
to  give  is  "  from  ignorance,"  and  this  ignorance  arises 
from  the  lack  of  opportunity  for  learning.  In  what 
way  can  the  flower  show  assist  ?  Careful  and  explicit 
labelling  may  help  those  who  already  know  something 
of  gardening,  but  far  more  useful  and  effective  would 
be  a  series  of  lecturettes  given  at  frequent  intervals  in 
the  exhibition  itself,  attention  being  chiefly  directed 
to  the  most  easily  cultivated  and  eligible  classes  of 
plants,  discussing  in  plain  language  their  structure, 
propagation  and  treatment.  In  most  committes  there 
are  members  well  qualified  for  such  a  pleasant  and 
useful  work  who  would  willingly  volunteer  their 
services  for  the  purpose. 

It  is  a  treat  to  most  people  to  walk  round  a  well 
urnished,  neatly  ordered  garden  ;  and  it  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  remark  that  the  interest  and  delight 
experienced  are  greatly  enhanced — chaste  and  beautiful 
as  the  flowers  them>elves  may  be — by  the  description 
and  explanatory  remarks  of  the  owner.  The  visitor 
pauses  to  admire  an  Auricula,  for  instance,  and  the 
grower  points  to  it  with  pardonable  pride  as  one  of  his 
own  raising,  gives  its  parentage  and  history,  relates 
its  hairbreadth  escapes  from  scorching  sunshine,  frost, 
drenching  rain,  01  the  attacks  of  slugs,  woodlice,  ot 


aphis  ;  expatiating  on  the  beauty  of  its  even  margin, 
the  symmetry  and  delicacy  of  its  zones  of  colour,  the 
density  and  richness  of  its  golden  paste,  or  the 
powdered  silver  overspreading  its  leaves.  The  little 
plant  has  almost  a  human  interest  attaching  to  it,  and 
its  growth  and  development  are  watched  with  the  care 
and  attention  that  the  mother  gives  her  child. 
Perhaps  a  result  of  the  visit  is,  that  the  admiring 
amateur  becomes  a  disciple,  and  in  time  a  florist 
himself.  The  kind  of  interest  elicited  under  such 
circumstances  is  entirely  wanting  in  an  exhibition. 
But  there  is  also  room  for  improvement  in  the  selec- 
tion and  arrangement  of  the  material  of  flower  shows. 
As  a  rule,  the  specimens  are  "staged"  in  straight 
lines  or  formal  groups,  and  crowded  together,  so  that 
it  is  next  to  impassible  to  see  the  contour  and  habit  of 
an  individual  plant.  This  is  more  especially  the  case 
with  the  so-called  groups,  where  as  much  as  possible 
of  foliage  and  flowers  is  huddled  into  a  given  area. 
Much  of  the  interest  of  the  large  shows  is  sacrificed 
to  the  coup  (foiil,  which,  however  effective,  cannot 
compensate  for  the  lack  of  comfort  of  the  plants 
themselves,  or  the  convenience  of  the  spectator  in  the 
endeavour  to  appreciate  their  individual  and  intrinsic 
excellence.  This  crowding  together  for  effect,  too, 
is  an  advantage  to  the  slovenly  gardener,  in  giving 
him  an  opportunity  of  hiding  the  worse  side  of  his 
plants.  Another  defect  in  the  management  of  the 
provincial  shows,  which  has  an  injurious  effect  upon 
the  morale  of  both  exhibitors  and  visitors,  is  in  allow- 
ing the  presence  of  badly-grown  plants,  the  obje:t  of 
the  exhibitor  being  simply  to  obtain  a  prize,  although 
he  himself  must  know  as  well  as  others  that  his  speci- 
mens ate  obviously  unworthy  of  commendation  even, 
and  only  secure  a  prize  because  there  are  no  com- 
petitors. Much  cannot  reasonably  be  expected  in  an 
educational  point  of  view  from  exhibitions  which  only 
remain  open  a  few  hours.  They  are  horticulturally 
only  the  exponents  of  cultural  skill.  Without  some 
description,  however,  of  the  processes  employed  they 
simply  excite  our  wonder  and  admiration,  and  there 
is,  consequently,  a  waste  of  time  and  opportunity 
much  to  be  regretted.   T.   IV.,  //arrow. 


THE  ROSES  OF  THE  FUTURIi. 
These,  as  pointed  out  by  "  Wild  Rose  "  {p.  296), 
will  mostly  be  Teas  or  Roses  of  similar  habit  and 
character,  that  is,  perpetual  or  successional  blooming 
Roses  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name.  I  hope  "  Wild 
Rose,"  whose  authority  is  generally  reliable,  is  cor- 
rect in  saying  that  the  Tea  Rose  is  becoming  more 
hardy  by  being  "worked  on  the  seedling  Brier,"  and 
in  consequence  of  the  greater  vigour  ot  the  newer  varie- 
ties. My  experience  of  Lady  Mary  Fitzwiiliam,  one  of 
this  sort,  and  one  of  most  vigorous  of  the  new  Teas, 
during  the  past  winter,  by  no  means  bears  this  out.  Out 
of  about  a  dozen  plants  worked  on  the  Brier  and  pro- 
tected with  a  handful  of  bracken,  in  the  same  way  as  all 
others,  only  two  escaped.  Still,  if  the  uses  of  the  seed- 
ling Brier  or  any  other  stock,  and  the  dwarfing  of  Teas, 
will  make  them  hardier,  then  indeed  such  an  impetus 
will  be  given  to  their  growth  as  will  indefinitely  extend 
their  cultivation,  since  not  a  few  of  them  are  more 
hardy  than  is  generally  supposed.  The  Gloire  de 
Dijon  and  Homere,  for  example  may  be  pronounced 
as  hardy  as  the  majority  of  hybrid  perpetuals.  Neither 
is  the  absolute  hardiness  of  the  tops  of  Teas  in  bud 
of  so  much  moment  as  many  suppose.  In  warm  situ- 
ations dwarf  Teas  will  pass  through  our  ordinary 
months  uninjured,  without  protection  "r  with  a  thin 
layer  of  dry  Fern  leaves  or  of  boughs.  Where  they  are 
not  otherwise  protected  the  stems  and  new  branches 
should  be  earthed  or  littered  up  to  a  height  of  6  ot 
more  inches.  This  preserves  the  citadel  of  life,  and, 
should  all  the  extremities  beyond  push  into  the  front, 
the  result  is  simply  that  you  lose  the  chief  part  of  the 
first  bloom  of  your  Teas,  and  provide  your  richest 
harvest  from  August  till  the  end  of  the  season.  In 
gardens  where  many  other  Roses  are  grown  this 
backwardness  of  the  Tea  Roses  proves  by  no  means 
an  unmitigated  evil.  The  first  great  harvest  of  per- 
petuals crowns  June  and  July  with  Roses.  Then  the 
Teas  follow,  and  with  a  few  straggling  perpetuals 
follow  the  year  to  the  end  with  more  or  less  bloom. 

Both    Roses    may  be   vastly   extended    and   richly 
supplemented  by  growing  some,  of  the  choicer  Teas 


456 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(October  9,  1886. 


rnd  Noisettes  on  walls.  Such  Roses  as  Mar&hal 
Niel,  Celine  Forestier,  Triomphe  tie  Rennes,  Gloire 
de  Dijon,  Alba  multiflora,  Homere,  Madame  Van 
Iloutte,  Niphetos,  &c.,  bloom  in  the  open  on  walls 
frjra  JNIay  to  November. 

The  culture  of  dwarf  Teas  as  herbaceous  biennials 
IS  simple  in  the  extreme.  Take  care  of  the  root- 
slocks  in  winter  and  the  cold  spring,  and  the  summer 
will  furnish  them  with  tops,  and  the  autumn  clothe 
the  latter  with  beauty  and  fragrance.  Teas  get 
used  to  being  cut  down  by  Ihe  frost  and  the  knife, 
and  seem  so  far  to  like  it  as  to  break  with  greater 
vigour  in  consequence,  but  Ihe  final  cutting  back 
should  not  take  place  till  May.  The  tops  are  the 
natural  and  proper  protection  of  the  plants,  often 
proving  suflicient  of  themselves,  and  in  any  case 
adding  greatly  to  the  potency  of  all  that  may  be  added 
thereto.  liesides,  there  is  another  powerful  reason 
against  the  autumnal  or  early  spring  pruning  of  Tea 
Roses.  Should  they  escape  injury  in  winter  they 
will  prove  the  first  Roses  in  the  garden  to  bloom  in 
Ihe  early  summer  ;  and,  provided  the  flowering  shoots 
are  promptly  cut  back  as  the  first  blooms  fade,  the 
autumnal  and  successional  blooming  will  not  be 
greatly  diminished.  D.  T.  F. 

Rose  M.  Abb6  Girardin, 
A  friend  sent  me  this  as  a  new  Rose  to  try  about 
three  years  since.  It  failed  to  do  well  until  this  year, 
and  I  notice  just  now  the  autumn  blooms  seem  if  any- 
thing better  than  the  summer.  I  cannot  find  it  in 
any  of  my  catalogues,  and  do  not  know  who  sent  it 
out,  or  under  what  class.  Though  blooming  now  it 
has  a  decided  Tea  scent,  and,  when  doing  well,  a 
dtl-ghtful  shape  when  opening,  like  Niphetos.  The 
colour,  too,  is  peculiar— a  soft  rose-purple,  inclining 
to  pink.  Will  some  of  your  correspondents  say 
what  they  think  of  it?  Perhaps  it  has  come  under 
the  notice  of  "  Wild  Rose."  The  constitution  does 
not  seem  robuit  planted  out.  W.  J.  Murphy, 
Chnmcl.  [In  the  Rose  List  of  Ketten  Brothers,  Lux- 
embourg, this  sort  is  classed  as  a  Bourbon  ;  growth 
stiong,  floriferous.  Ed.] 


TOBACCO  CULTURE  IN  NORTH 

WALES. 

Knowing  well  that  if  any  part  of  Great  Britain 
more  than  another  is  adapted  for  the  cultivation  of 
Tobacco  that  part  is  the  maritime  districts  of  Wales,  I 
therefore  determined,  both  in  the  interests  of  science 
and  agriculture,  to  test  the  matter  in  as  thorough  a 
manner  as  possible,  compatible  with  the  somewhat 
limited  means  at  my  command. 

On  June  16  of  the  present  year,  thanks  to  the  cour- 
tesy of  Messrs.  Little  &  Ballantyne,  of  Carlisle,  who 
sent  me  the  plants,  twelve  kinds  of  Tobacco,  several 
of  each,  including  aucubifolia,  Ohio,  Engelmanni, 
Bletia,  Maryland,  Florida,  Shirza,  Virginia,  Lalakia, 
viridiflora,  and  longilolia,  were  planted  in  fairly  rich 
soil  in  a  somewhat  sheltered  portion  of  my  garden. 
But  first  of  all  it  may  be  well  to  state  that  Colonel 
Clarke's  instructions,  as  given  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  of  May  i,  1886,  were,  save  in  one  point, 
carried  out  to  the  letter.  The  plants  when  sent  me 
from  the  Carlisle  nurseries  were  on  an  average  half  a 
foot  in  height,  but  stout  and  stocky,  and  were  planted 
as  follows  on  June  16.  A  piece  of  well-worked,  well- 
manured  soil  was  thrown  up  into  low  ridges  almost 
similar  to  those  which  a  farmer  prepares  on  which  to 
sow  his  Turnip  seed,  and  the  plants  placed  at  15  inches 
apart,  instead  of  3  feet  as  recommended  by  Colonel 
Claik,  for  I  justly  considered  that,  as  we  are  subject  to 
rather  severe  south-western  gales  in  Carnarvonshire, 
the  nearer  the  plants  were  placed  consistently  with  the 
allowing  of  perfect  development,  the  less  chance  would 
there  be  of  injury  to  the  leaves  and  stems;  and  right 
I  w?.s,  for  during  some  stiffish  breezes  I  noticed  that 
one  plant  acted  admirably  as  a  stay  to  the  other. 

Immediately  after  planting  a  spell  of  dry,  sunny 
weather  set  in,  and  although  the  young  plants  were 
duly  tended  with  water,  still,  for  their  sake,  although 
not  for  some  Oak  bark  that  I  well  knew  was  not  fully 
harvested  on  an  adjoining  estate,  glad  was  I  when  a 
night  of  rain  came  to  the  rescue.  Until  this  rain 
ciine,  which  was  about  a  full  fortnight  after  planting, 
the  young  seedlings  made  no  progress  and  my  spirits 
were  rather  damped  in  consequence ;  but  the  manner  in 
which  they  started  away  after  a  dripping  week  was 
rerlainly  pleasant  to  behold.  The  next  bother,  and 
the  only  one  save,  perhaps,  in  curing,  was  to  keep  the 


shoots  that  were  constantly  forming  in  the  leaf-axils 
nipped  out,  this  being  for  nearly  six  weeks  almost 
a  daily  task,  for  it  seems  to  me  that  with  these,  like 
the  herbaceous  flowers  grown  by  ordinary  gardeners, 
it  was  "  cut  and  come  again."  The  removing  of  the 
flowers  when  just  beginning  to  open  was  likewise  duly 
attended  to,  but,  I  must  add,  somewhat  reluctantly,  for 
several  of  the  kinds  had  heads  of  rather  quaintly 
ornamental  flowers,  that  could  well  hold  their  own 
when  placed  in  an  old  china  vase  with  the  black  and 
gold  Rudbeckia.  After  being  two  months  established 
the  plants  grew  strong  and  rampant,  some  of  the 
kinds  having  attained  a  height  of  nearly  5  feet,  with 
oh  I  such  big,  broad  leaves,  about  20  by  12  inches,  as 
the  gardener  said.  When  six  weeks  came  round 
many  of  the  lower  leaves  were  turning  of  a  golden  hue, 
somewhat  like  those  of  the  Lime  tree  in  Ihe  autumn, 
and  after  another  fortnight,  on  September  16,  or  exactly 
three  months  from  the  date  of  planting,  the  plants  were 
pulled  up  to  undergo  the  final  process  of  curing, 
the  leaves.  When  pulled  up  the  roots  were  denuded 
of  soil  by  a  gentle  shake,  and  the  plants  allowed  to 
remain  for  about  two  hours  in  the  sunshine,  by  which 
time   the   leaves  became  wilted  or  perfectly  flaccid, 


This  difficulty  is,  however,  readily  enough  overcome, 
and  if  the  ultimate  weight  of  Tobacco  procured  from 
a  given  extent  of  ground  be  such  as  to  fully  compen- 
sate lor  trouble  and  ground  rent,  I  have  no  doubt  that, 
should  Government  duties  not  be  too  pressing,  the 
cultivation  of  Tobacco  in  Great  Britain  will  go  on 
increasing,  for,  as  prices  go  at  present,  the  usual  crops 
of  our  farmers  are  hardly  worthy  the  expenses  con 
nected  therewith.  A.  D.  Webster,  Llandegai,  Bangor 


GONGORA  FLAVEOLA,  n.  sp.' 
This  Gongora  is  near  to  Gongora  gratulabunda 
and  G.  pleiochroma.  It  bears  a  rich  raceme  of 
distant  flowers,  which  are  light  ochre-yellow  ;  the  lip 
darker,  more  yellow  j  column  green.  There  are  brown 
spots  on  the  base  of  the  long  narrow  median  sepal. 


_  and  on  the  petals,  lip,  and  column.     The  peduncle 

which'aided"co'n^iderablyin"th7n7xt''pioceVs,'thIVo^      angulate    by  no  means  compressed.     It  was  grown 
hanging  up  the  plants.     To  do  this  a  piece  of  cord       ??^  ^""^^^  presented    to  me  by  Mr.  J.  O'Brien,  of 


was  tied  around  the  stem  of  each  close  to  the  root, 

and  the  plants  suspended  head  downwards,  on  wires 

stretched  along  at  about   10  feet  from  the  ground. 

Fortunately  a  spell  of  such  weather  as  alpine  gar- 
deners detest— east   wind  with  dull  sunshine— set  in, 

and  the  plant;  were  kept  on  the  lines  out-of-doors  for 

ten  days,  or  until  September  27,  by  which  time  some 

of    the    lower    leaves — those    next    the    root — were 

becoming  of   a  greenish  yellow,    but   those  towards 

the  top  of  the  stem  remained  almost  unchanged  in 

colour  although  the  sap  was  fast  drying  out. 

A   falling    glass    and    inky   clouds    hastened    the 
ingathering  of  the  plants  to  an  airy  shed,  but  previous 

to  removing  them  from  the  lines  the  leaves  were 
stripped  from  the  stems,  and  afterwards  carefully 
arranged  on  lines,  by  being  bent  double,  under  cover. 
Here  they  dried  more  quickly  than  out-ofdoors,  but 
this  was,  in  my  own  opinion,  simply  owing  to  their 
being  removed  from  the  stems,  for  these  latter  were 
so  large  and  fleshy  that  a  great  quantity  of  sap  was 
stored  up,  which  considerably  retarded  the  drying  of 
the  leaves.     The  next  process,   that  of  packing,  was       ?'*"  P°'°'  ''ownward,  doubtless  hinders  the  egress  of 


Harrowonthe-Hill,  N.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Aristolochia  salpinx,  MaU.,  n.  sp.\    (See 

fig-  92.  P-  457-) 
This  is  not  quite  so  remarkable  a  species  as  that 
lately  described  by  Mr.  Brown,  and  is  hardly  likely 
to  find  favour  as  an  exhibition  plant.  The  leaves 
are  cordate-ovate,  lanceolate,  subacuminate,  glabrous 
on  either  side  ;  the  perianth  is  an  inch  or  more  in 
length,  cream-coloured,  with  a  network  ol  purple 
veins,  its  tube  is  inflated  at  the  base,  then  con- 
stricted, and  abruptly  bent  back,  expanding  into  a 
trumpet-shaped  tube,  the  mouth  of  which  is  a  little 
oblique,  somewhat  two-lipped,  the  lips  compressed, 
so  as  nearly  to  close  the  tube,  the  upper  lip  the  larger, 
with  a  yellow  blotch  and  numerous  purplish  spots. 
The  margin  is  slightly  reflexed,  marked  with  purple 
lines  and  a  few  short  purple  hairs.  At  the  junction 
of  the  constricted  with  the  dilated  portion  of  the  lube 
projects  downwards  a  trowel-shaped  process  which, 
aided  by  the  hairs  on  the  sides  of  the  tube,  which 


engaged  in  from  time  to  time  as  the  leaves  assumed 
the  rich  golden  colour,  but  the  method  adopted  was 
not  exactly  in  accordance  with  that  advocated  by 
Colonel  Clark.  A  wooden  box  was  looked  out,  of 
sufiicient  size  to  hold  the  leaves,  but  it  should  not  be 
too  deep  in  the  sides,  else  the  putting  on  and  removing 
of  weights  is  troublesome,  and  which  we  found  out 
from  experience.  In  packing  the  leaves  a  dozen  were 
placed  a-top  of  each  other,  with  the  tips  all  one  way, 
and  tied  with  a  thread  at  the  other  end  :  they  were 
then  placed  in  the  box,  layer  on  lop  of  layer,  and 
weighted  heavily.  Fearing  lest  the  leaves  might 
contract  mouldiness,  and  so  injure  the  sample, 
the  whole  bottom  of  the  box  was  not  covered, 
but  a  space  left  of  about  6  inches  between 
the  layers  on  each  side,  and  which  I  believe 
has  been  productive  of  good,  more  particularly 
in  leaves  like  those  of  the  Tobacco,  which 
are  so  hygrometric.  The  box  was  placed  in  a  dry 
room  not  far  from  the  fire,  and  as  a  few  more  leaves 
became  dry  the  weights   were  removed,  the  sampli 


insects  from  the  flower  as  much  as  it  favours  their 
passage  into  it. 

The  staminal  column  is  either  four-lobed  or  five- 
lobed — an  unusual  circumstance  in  the  section  to 
which  the  plant  belongs.  The  species  comes  near  to 
the  South  Brazilian  A.  triangularis  or  A.  Sellowiana, 
but  differs  in  the  leaves,  and  especially  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  Ihe  smallest  veins,  and  in  the  fourfold  divi- 
sion of  Ihe  column,  if,  indeed,  that  prove  constant. 
The  species  is  a  native  of  Paraguay,  and  has  been 
named  in  allusion  to  Ihe  trumpet-shaped  flower. 
M.  T.  M, 


ROOTS. t 

It  is  a  fact  which  has  become   more   and   more 

evident   to  the  practical  cultivator  that  the  results  of 

his  efforts  manifest  themselves  on  the  whole  in  a  sort 

of  compromise  between  the  plant  and   its   environ- 

placed   a-lop   of    the    last,    and    the   weights   again       ment :  I  mean  that  although  he  sees,  more  or   less 

ijjgjjij^jly  ^|jj(  jjjj  plant  should  be — according  to  a 


replaced, 

When  little  more  than  a  week  under  pressure  a 
friend  or  two  called  one  evening,  and,  of  course, 
Tojjacco  culture  was  the  text,  Ihe  final  results  of 
which  were  that  the  Welsh  grown  "  weed  "  must 
there  and  then  be  tried.  A  piece  was  therefore  pro- 
cured, and,  indeed,  the  appearance  of  it  as  regards 
colour  was  excellent,  quite  as  good  as  a  few  minutes 
afterwards  we  found  the  taste. 

It  is  but  fair  to  add,  however,  that  Ihe  smoke  was 
somewhat  pungent,  more  so.  at  least,  than  the 
"Amlwch"  and  "Golden  Cloud"  smoked  usually 
by  my  friends,  and  another  peculiarity  noticed  by  all 
was  that  the  home-grown  was  slightly  more  narcotic 
in  its  effects  than  the  foreign,  but  this  we  judged 
was  due  to  the  green  state  of  the  leaf  as  compared 
with  the  other.  How  it  will  ultimately  turn  out  I 
know  not,  but  from  present  looks  I  should  say  well, 
and  will  let  you  know  a  month  later  on. 

In  conclusion,  I  have  not  Ihe  least  doubt,  judging 
from  my  own  experiments,  that  Ihe  culture  of 
Tobacco  in  the  British  Isles  is  of  the  simplest  descrip- 
tion, the  only  thing  I  am  frightened  of  is  that  the  har- 
vesting of  the  crop  will  be  difficult  in  our  sunless 
clime — sunless,  when  compared  with  its  native  land  — 
unless  by  the  erection  of  light  airy  sheds  in  which  to 
store  and  cure  the  leaves,  (or  rain,  alter  commencing 
the  drying  process,  is  ruinous  to  most  samples. 


certain  standard  —  it  is  but  rarely,  if  ever, 
that  the  plant  cultivated  perfectly  fulfils  in  every 
respect  what  is  demanded  of  it.  Of  late  years  this 
has  of  course  forced  itself  more  prominently  before 
the  observer,  because  the  facts  and  phenomena  con- 
stituting what  is  termed  variation  have  been  so  much 
more  definitely  described,  and  the  questions  arising 
out  of  them  so  much  more  clearly  formulated. 

*  Gongora  flaveola^  n.  sp. — Aff.  Gongorae  gratulabundae, 
Rchb.  f,  ungue  ajqualiter  sigmoideo,  tiypochilii  sinu  supra- 
marginali  ampio,  angulo  anteriori  infra  aristam  medi.ino  (nee 
basilari).  cornubus  basilaribus  angulatis  minutis,  epichilio  tiumili, 
gutture  in  b.-isi  inferiori  minutissimo.  H,  G.  Rchb.  f. 

+  Aristolochia  {Gymnolobits)  salpinx,  Mast.,  n.  j/.— Volu- 
bilis  glabra:  ramis  gracilibus ;  foliis  distantibus  13X7001., 
subcoriaceis  ovato-lanceolatis  cordato-bilobis,  lobis  rotundatis 
sinu  lato  separatis,  neivis  5  pedatim  disposilis,  subtus  protni- 
nentibus,  lateralibus  margines  versus  arciiatis,  nervis  minoribiis 
pluribus  approximatis :  petiolis3-4  cm.;  flore  circa  25  mm. 
long,  colore  cremoris  venis  reticulatis  purpureis  insignito,  basi 
infra  medium  repente  resupinato,  sensim  in  timbum 
expansum  ad  margines  revolutum  leviter  bilabi- 
macula  Bava  notato  purpureoque 
m  processu  trulliformi  deorsum 
voidea  stipitulataapice  4 — s-loba 
attiiigentibus.     E.\  Asun 


late 

atum,  labio  superiore 
maculato.  tuljo  intus   ad  fli 
verso  munito  ;  c«lumna  3  mil 


cio.i,  Parasuiy,  hort.  cl.  W.  Bull  advecl^ 

!  A  lecture  by  H.  Marshall  Ward.  M.A  ,  F.L.S..  Fellow  of 
Christ's  College,  Cambridge  ;  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  School 
of  Forestry,  Royal  Indian  College,  Cooper's  Hill. 


October  9.  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


457 


Two  points  can  be  asserted  without  fear  of  contra- 
diction; first,  the  plant  itself  is  a  variable  organism  ; 
and,  secondly,  its  environment  varies.  Now  within 
limits  which  are  somewhat  wide,  when  closely  exa- 
mined, the  experience  of  man  leads  him  to  neglect 
the  variations  occurring  around  him,  and  so  no  one 
quarrels  with  the  statement  that  two  individual 
Geraniums  belong  to  the  same  variety,  or  two  Oak 
trees  to  the  same  species,  although  an  accurate 
description  of  each  of  the  two  Geraniums  or  of  the 
two  Oaks  might  require  very  different  wording. 

The  Water-supply. 
It  has  also  become  more  and  more  evident  that 
although  we  cannot  ascribe  all  variations  to  their 
causes — very  often,  indeed,  we  cannot  even  suggest 
causes  for  them  —  there  are  nevertheless  numerous 
deviations  from  the  normal,  so  to  speak,  exhibited  by 
plants  which  cao  be  distinctly  referred  to  certain 


living.  The  experiment  is  easy  and  conclusive  with 
such  a  weed  as  the  above.  Now  it  is  just  such  expe- 
riments as  that  above  described — some  of  them 
equally  simple,  others  less  so — that  the  physiologist 
devotes  much  of  his  attention  to,  and  in  just  such  a 
manner  has  been  gathered  together  a  nucleus  of 
information  around  which  more  knowledge  can  be 
grouped, 

I  may  make  these  points  clearer  by  again  quoting 
an  illustration,  and,  not  to  confuse  or  mislead  you  by 
going  too  far  afield,  I  will  keep  to  the  same  line  of 
investigation,  partly  because  it  is  quite  as  simple  and 
conclusive  as  any  other  of  many  that  might  be  selected, 
and  partly  because  it  may  be  possible  to  set  before  you 
some  facts  which  are  interesting  or  even  new  to  you. 

Hairs. 

It  has  been  found  that  in  some  cases  where  two 

plants  are  growing  in  the  same  soil  and  under  the 


Fig.      92. — ARISTOLOCHIA      SALPIN.X  ;       FLOWERS     CREAM-COLOURED,    WITH     PURPLE     VEINS  :     THROAT 
WITH   A  YELLOW   BLOTCH  SURROUNDED   BY   PURPLE   SPOTS.      (SEE    P.    456.) 


deviations  from   the  normal   on    the    part    of  their 
environment. 

To  illustrate  this  we  may  take  the  case  of  two 
plants  of  that  very  common  weed,  the  Shepherd's 
Purse,  growing  at  different  ends  of  the  same  small 
plot  of  ground  ;  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  so  much  alike 
all  over  as  to  be  regarded  as  the  same  everywhere, 
nevertheless  the  plant  at  one  end  is  large,  more  than 
a  foot  high,  and  luxuriant,  with  many  leaves  and 
flowers,  and  eventually  produces  numerous  seeds, 
whereas  that  at  the  other  end  is  small,  less  than 
4  inches  high,  and  bears  but  a  few  stunted  leaves  and 
three  or  four  poor  flowers  and  fruits.  The  cause  of 
the  difference  is  found  to  be  the  different  supply  of 
water  in  the  two  cases ;  and  if  any  one  doubts  that 
this  may  be  so,  let  him  try  the  experiment  of  growing 
two  or  more  specimens  of  this  weed  in  pots  :  the  pots 
to  be  new,  filled  with  soil  which  has  been  thoroughly 
mixed,  and  all  the  pots  exposed  to  the  same  condi- 
tions—!.«.,  practically  the  same— except  that  those  of 
one  series  are  watered  sufficiently  often,  and  those  of 
the  other  only  just  sufficient  to  keep  the  plant  actually 


same  conditions  as  above,  but  where  one  plant  receives 
less  water  than  the  other,  that  the  dwarfed  drier  plant 
is  more  hairy  than  the  larger  and  luxuriantly  growing 
plant,  which  has  been  well  watered.  On  looking 
more  closely  into  this  matter  it  turns  out  that  the 
extra  hairiness  is  (in  some  cases,  at  any  rate)  simply 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  hairs  are  closer  together,  be- 
cause the  little  cells  on  the  outer  parts  of  the  plant 
which  grow  out  into  hairs  do  not  increase  so  much  in 
length  and  superficial  extent  as  those  on  the  well- 
watered  plant,  and  thus  the  hairs  stand  thicker 
together  on  the  same  superficial  area  of  the  organ — of 
a  leaf,  for  instance.  In  other  cases,  however,  the 
hairs  are  really  increased  in  numbers  and  length — the 
plant  is  absolutely  more  hairy.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  details  concerning  growth  and  turgidity,  and  of 
the  influence  of  various  minerals,  and  so  on,  are  not 
under  consideration  here.  I  am  not  asserting  that  all 
cases  of  hairiness  in  plants  are  to  be  ascribed  to  this 
cause ;  but  it  does  occur,  as  stated,  and  the  point  is  a 
curious  one  in  view  of  the  fact  that  very  many  plants 
which   grow   in   sandy   dry  soils   are  conspicuously 


hairy,  whereas  allied  species  growing  in  or  near 
water,  or  even  only  in  moister  situations,  are  devoid 
of  conspicuous  hairs,  or  even  quite  smooth. 

The  above  peculiarity  is  not  confined  to  leaves  and 
stems,  moreover,  for  experiments  with  roots  have 
shown  that  the  root-hairs,  which  are  so  important  in 
collecting  moisture,  &c. ,  from  the  soil,  can  be  made 
to  appear  in  enormous  numbers  when  the  root  is  kept 
in  a  soil  which  is  very  open  and  only  slightly  moist, 
whereas  none  or  very  few  are  developed  on  the  same 
roots  growing  in  water  :  this  again  is  in  accordance 
generally  with  the  fact  that  the  roots  of  land-plants 
growing  in  light  soils  develope  innumerable  root-hairs, 
whereas  those  of  water-plants  do  not  thus  increase 
their  surface  and  points  of  attachment.  I  cannot  here 
go  into  all  the  interesting  facts  known  about  these 
hairs,  but  it  will  be  sufficient  if  you  bear  in  mind  the 
main  paints  just  mentioned. 

Deficiency  of  Water. 
Let  us  now  vary  the  experiments  a  little.  It  is 
obvious  that  we  might  suppose  any  number  of  differ- 
ences in  the  amount  of  water  given  to  the  plants  used 
in  the  experiments  described  above ;  but  it  would  be 
found,  as  matter  of  fact,  that  however  little  be  the 
quantity  of  water  given  to  the  soil  in  which  the 
dwarfed  plant  is,  compared  with  that  put  into  the  soil 
in  which  the  luxuriant  plant  grows,  the  actual  weight 
of  water  will  nevertheless  have  to  be  considerable, 
taking  the  whole  life  of  the  plant  into  consideration — 
there  will  be  more  used  than  you  probably  know, 
moreover,  because  the  soil  itself  will  no  doubt  con- 
dense and  absorb  some  from  the  atmosphere  during 
the  night.  There  is  a  minimum  of  water  absolutely 
necessary,  and  if  the  plant  does  not  obtain  this  it  will 
die.  Its  death  will  be  ushered  in  by  drooping  and 
withering  of  the  leaves,  stem,  and  roots,  and  this  con- 
dition, in  which  the  functions  of  the  plant  are  inter- 
fered with  beyond  a  certain  point,  passes  into  a  con- 
dition of  disease. 

E.\;cESs  of  Water. 

Now  take  another  case.  We  might  so  arrange  the 
experiment  that  we  poured  and  continued  to  pour  too 
much  water  into  the  soil.  Here  again  it  would  be 
found  that  a  condition  of  disease  eventually  sets  in — 
i.e.,  a  condition  in  which  the  functions  of  the  plant 
are  again  interfered  with  beyond  a  certain  point.  The 
symptoms  and  progress  of  the  disease  will  be  very 
different  in  the  latter  case,  however,  from  those  in 
the  former.  It  may  also  be  mentioned  that  in  neither 
experiment  is  death  inevitable  if  the  disturbing  cause 
is  removed  soon  enough — i.e.,  if  sufficient  water  be 
added  in  the  first  case  before  the  cells  have  ceased  to 
be  able  to  take  it  up,  or  if  the  previous  conditions  of 
the  soil  are  restored  soon  enough  in  the  case  of  the 
over-watered  plant. 

Here  we  come  to  a  matter  which  is  less  simple 
than  may  appear  at  first  sight.  You  will  note  that 
the  problem  in  the  latter  case  is  to  restore  the  previous 
conditions  of  the  roots  and  soil  soon  enough  ;  I  put 
it  thus,  because  the  conditions  of  the  roots  and  soil 
may  soon  be  very  profoundly  altered  by  the  over- 
watering. 

To  understand  this,  it  is  necessary  to  become  a 
little  more  fully  acquainted  with  the  condition  of 
affairs  in  what  may  be  called  the  normal  case,  where 
the  soil  is  light  and  open,  and  plenty  of  water,  but 
not  too  much,  is  at  the  disposal  of  the  roots.  Such  a 
soil  will  consist  of  innumerable  fine  particles,  ,of 
different  shapes,  sizes,  and  composition.  No  doubt 
there  will  be  grains  of  quartz,  particles  of  broken  up 
vegetable  matter,  and  little  rugged  bits  of  stones  con- 
taining various  minerals  ;  each  of  these  tiny  fragments 
will  be  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of  water,  and  you 
would  probably  be  greatly  surprised  if  I  were  to  go 
into  the  proofs  showing  how  extremely  tenacious  of 
its  water-blanket  each  particle  is.  It  may  be  enough 
for  our  present  purpose  if  you  accept  the  fact  that  it 
requires  enormous  force  to  deprive  the  particles  of  the 
last  traces  of  their  water-layers  ;  they  will  give  off 
some — or  in  some  cases  even  a  good  deal — rather 
easily,  and  in  fact  when  the  layers  become  of  a  certain 
thickness  no  more  water  can  attach  itself  to  the 
particles,  but  it  falls  away,  and  the  soil  remains 
saturated,  as  we  say. 

Air  in  the  Soil, 
Now  these  particles  of  soil,  each  enveloped  in  its 
water-blanket,  are  not  in  close  contact  ;  there  are 
spaces  between  them,  and  these  interspaces  influence 
the  quantity  of  water  which  can  be  held  back  by  the 
soil.  Let  us  suppose  such  a  soil  perfectly  dry  ;  the  par- 
ticles above  referred  to  being  irregular  in  shape  and 
size,  and  only  roughly  in  contact  at  various  points, 
the  interspaces  will  be  filled  with  air.  If  water  be 
then  added  in  some  quantity,  each  of  the  particles 
becomes  clothed  with  a  layer  of  water,  and  some  of 
the  air  is  driven  out,  though  bubbles  of  air  will  still 
exist  in  the  larger  interspace. 

[To  be  continued. 


458 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[October  9.  18 


MY  GARDEN  AT  FIUME. 
By  the  Archduke  Joseph. 
Owing  to  the  mild  climate  of  this  country  very 
little  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  acclimatisation 
of  plants  till  lately,  but  my  garden  at  Fiume  atifotds 
a  favourable  si"c  for  cairying  on  such  interesting 
experiments.  In  the  most  southerly  part  of  Hungary, 
45"  20°  N.  la'.,  30 — 75  metres  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  700  metres  in  a  direct  line  with  ihe  coast  of  the 
Quarnero,  rising  above  the  old  citadel  of  Fiume,  on 
the  south  declivity  of  Belvedere,  is  a  rocky  waste  of 
Katst  limestone,  Ihe  fissures  of  v-hich  are  composed 
of  small  pieces  of  lime  mixed  with  impermeable  red 
clay.  In  the  neighbourhood  there  are  vineyards  and 
market  gardens,  in  which  Figs,  Olives,  Laurels,  and 
Almonds  grow.  The  lower  part  of  my  garden  was 
made  twenty  or  thirty  years  ago  by  Giovanni  Ciotta, 
Mayor  of  Fiume,  a  great  lover  of  plants  who  found 
at  that  time  two  examples  of  Pinus  pinea  about  twenty 
or  twenty-five  years  old.  This  old  garden  was  3  acres 
in  extent,  and  surrounded  the  house.  In  it  there 
were  many  exotics,  such  as  Chama;rops  excel-a, 
Cedrus,  Cupressus,  &c.  A  wood  of  deciduous  trees 
I  cut  down,  and  the  space  thus  gained  I  devoted  10 
exotic  evergreen  vegetation.  The  higher  part  of  the 
garden  is  beneath  the  lowest  terrace,  and  was  mostly 
composed  of  rocks  with  very  Utile  grass,  and  a  few 
miserable  Pistacia  Terebinlhus,  Ornus  europrea, 
Celtis  occidentalis,  Corylus  Avellana,  &c.,  and  brake 
Ferns.  It  was  3^  acres  in  extent.  In  addition  to 
these  two  plots  I  bought  on  the  west  side  4  acres  and 
a  house,  the  whole  extent  of  the  gardens  at  present 
comprising  9^  acres. 

The  climate  is  extraordinarily  favourable,  Fiume, 
taking  the  average  cf  thirty  years,  has  a  mean  of  tem- 
perature of  +  14°.  I  C.  (57°F.);  maximum,  +35°.i  C. 
(95°  F.);  minimum,  +  9°C.  (49' F.) ;  Januiry,  +5°C. 
{t2°  F.) ;  July,  +24°  C.  (76°  F.).  The  lowest  tem- 
perature (—7^^  C.  =20°  F.)  observed  in  several  locali- 
ties has  been  observed  only  once  in  ten  or  twelve  years. 
From  these  observations  I  assume  that  my  garden 
lies  in  the  isotherm  of -I- 15°  C.  (59°  F.).  This  isotherm 
of-H5°  from  east  to  west  in  the  noithern  latitude 
rjns  through  Japan,  36°  N.  ;  China,  34°— 37°  N  ; 
Persia,  38°— 39"  N.;  Caspian  Sea,  40°  N;  Asia,  40° 
— 42°  N.  ;  Turkey,  43°— 45°  N.  ;  Fiume,  in  the 
Quarnero,  45°  20'  N.  ;  Italy,  45°  N  ;  France  and 
Spain,  44° — 43°  N.  Corresponding  with  these  in  the 
southern  latitudes  are  :— New  Zealand,  34°  S.;  Aus- 
tralia, 33°— 34°  S.;  America,  40°— 30°  S. 

AU  the  plants  that   grow   naturally   within    these 
i<otherms  are  hardy  in  the  open  air  in  the  region  of 
Fiume,  as  frost  is  very  rare,  and  when  it  does  occur, 
it  lasts  only  a  few  hours,  so  that  plants  may  be  induced 
1 3  grow  here  transplanted  from  mountains  as  well  as 
from  warmer  climates.     Mountains  of  from   1000  to 
2000  metres  in  height  surround  my  garden  from  \V.  to 
N.  and  N.E.,  the  only  low-lying  spot  being  the  valley  of 
Fiumara,  so  that  the  force  of  the  Bora  is  a  little  checked 
in  its   passage,    although  felt  in  the    most   northern 
part  of  my  garden.     The  Bora  is  very  cold,  but  frosts 
occasioned  by  it  occur  very  seldom.  The  Tramontana 
ii  a  north  wind  which  causes  frosts,  but  owing  to  the 
protecting  mountains  its  effects  are   not    felt   in  my 
garden.       At  such  times  hoar  frost  is  seen  in  fields, 
and  also  a  very  thin  sheeting  of  ice  on  shallow  pieces 
of  water,  but  the  earth  is  not  frozen  more  than  I  centi- 
metre below  the  surface,  and  even  then  only  for  a  few 
hours.     Toward;  the  east  are  the  Dalmatian  moun- 
tains,   and    towaris   the    Sou'h    are   the   islands    of 
Veglia  and  Cherso,  subject  to  violent  storms,     They 
are  a  good  distance  away,  but  the  air  is  made  colder 
by  them.     My  garden  from   morning  till  evening  is 
exposed  to  the  rays  of  the  sun,  which  even  in  winter 
are  powerful.     The  spring  begins  sometimes  in  the 
middle   of    January,    but,    generally    speaking,    the 
Almonds  do  not  bloom  till  the  latter  part  of  February. 
Before  I  commenced  the  cultivation  of  my  garden 
I    ascertained   from    Isidor    Wauchnig,    engineer   of 
Fiume,    the    existence   of    a    powerful   subterranean 
spring.     I  sunk  a  well  in  the  white  limestone,  which 
is  nearly  as  hard  as  marble,  and  the  depth  of  which 
is  17  metres,  and  the  width  3  metres  ;  over  this  well 
1  constructed  a  fLirciog  and  sucking-pump,   worked 
by    a    gas-engine   of    8-horse    power.      This  raises 
the  water  through  large  iron  pipes,  which  conduct  it 
into   two  large   reservoirs    made   in    the   rock,    and 
situated  in  the  highest  part  of  my  garden.     In  these 
two  reservoirs  is  a  network  of  iron  tubes  which  extend 
over  all   the  garden,  and  with  natural  pressure  distri- 
bute the  water  into  thirty-two  hydrants.  By  this  means 


I  preserve  the  life  of  the  plants  in  the  dry  hot  season 
and  on  the  rocky  ground.  I  have  procured  from 
Lipacio  a  quantity  of  heath-mould,  and  from  the 
Chestnut  woods  of  Loviano  Chestnut  manure  and 
mould. 

For  the  accommodation  of  the  plants  I  have  had 
Wills  made,  on  which  I  have  placed  mould,  and  also  pits 
and  ditches,  which  Ihavehollowed  out  with  gunpowder 
and  dynamite.  Stones  for  the  walls  were  plentiful, 
and  the  contractor  who  made  the  dockyard  of  Fiume 
obtained  for  me  from  there  17,000  to  20,000  leads, 
as  the  place  where  the  stones  are  ordinarily  procured  is 
is  at  some  distance  from  Fiume.  This  was  a  great 
undertaking,  but  I  have  been  well  rewarded  for  all 
the  trouble.  The  tender  plants  of  warmer  countries 
I  planted  under  the  shelter  of  the  walls  and  the  rocks, 
also  the  taller  Firs  and  the  Bay  Laurels,  which  are  thus 
sheltered  from  the  east  and  north  winds,  and  which 
have  all  the  heat  of  the  afternoon  sun. 

Near  the  Hungarian  sea-coast  Palms  grow,  and 
there  is  a  small  piece  of  land  where  one  might  imagine 
the  climate  subtropical.  I  obtained  my  plants  by  sea 
through  the  Hungarian  Marine  Adria  Society  :  — 1. 
Palms,  Cycads,  Ferns,  Orchids,  from  the  Compagnie 
Con'inentale  d'Horticuhure,  Ghent,  Belgium  ;  and 
C.  F".  Creswel,  George  Street,  Sydney,  Australia, 
2.  Conifers,  Pines,  evergreen  trees  and  shrubs,  fiuni 
Louis  Leroy,  Au  Grand  Jardin,  Route  de  Paris, 
Angers.     These  last  were  shipped  at  Bordeaux. 

Accompanying  the  Archduke's  paper  is  a  Hat  of 
plants  too  long  for  ui  to  give  at  length.  We  may 
add  that  it  comprises  Ctiamxrops  excelsa,  C.  For- 
tune!, C.  humilis,  Phcenix  dactylifera,  P.  tenuis, 
Cereus  peruvianus,  several  species  of  Opuntia,  and 
Acacia,  Aspidistra  elatlor,  Cocculus  laurifolius,  Ephe- 
dra altissima,  Eucalyptus  globulus,  E.  robusla,  E. 
linifolia,  Ficus  repens.  Myrtles,  Oleanders,  Olives, 
Pomegranates,  Pfaysianthus  albens.  Plumbago  Lar- 
penta;,  &c.  In  the  spring  of  the  present  year  numerous 
Palms,  Cycads,  and  Tree  Ferns,  have  also  been 
planted  out,  the  results  of  which  will  be  looked  for- 
ward to  with  great  interest. 

These  particulars  are  taken  from  a  paper,  in  the 
Hungarian  language,  contributed  by  the  Archduke  to 
the  Ma^^yay  Aovt'nylani  Lapok^  the  Hungarian 
Journal  of  Polany,  and  kindly  communicated  to  us 
by  Professor  Kaniiz  of  Clausenburg. 


them.  The  internal  ones  are  connate  for  about  half 
their  length,  and  seem  to  perform  no  other  function 
than  that  of  supporting  the  labellum  by  which  they 
are  completely  concealed.  The  latter  is  orbicular, 
and  bifid,  strongly  convex  above  and  concave  beneath, 
of  a  deep  shining  dull  blood-purple  colour,  and  bj  far 
the  most  conspicuous  organ  of  the  flower.  In  this 
respect  it  excells  that  of  E.  discolor.  The  plant 
requires  warm  treatment,  and  to  be  hung  up  near  the 
glass  fastened  to  a  block,  with  a  little  sphagnum  to 
retain  the  moisture,  or,  better  still,  on  a  piece  of 
Tree  Fern  stem,  that  readily  retains  the  moisture 
necessary  for  its  welfare.  Of  several  specimens  at 
Kew  one  is  flowering  in  the  East  Indian-house. 


jurfl^id  |[otjJ5  and  ^iDanings. 


CTRRHOPETALUM  PULCHRUM. 
Mr.  N.  E.  Brown  describes  in  the  lUustration 
HorticoU,  t.  60S,  a  new  species  of  this  genus  wilh 
creeping  rhizome,  ovoid  i-leaved  bulbs,  and  erect  um- 
bellate racemes.  The  flowers  measure  \\  inch  in 
greatest  length,  their  general  outline  is  linear  oblong, 
the  colour  yellow  with  purple  spot?.  The  upper 
sepal  is  short,  rounded,  and  provided  with  a  long 
slender  terminal  thread.  The  two  lateral  sepals  are 
united  together  and  bent  downwards  so  as  to  form 
a  fiat  oblong  blade  corresponding  to  the  two  lower 
sepals  in  Cypripedium.  The  petals  and  lip  are  both 
small. 

Oncidium  macranthum,  Lindl. 
Mr.  E.  Harvey,  Riverdale  Road,  Aigburth,  Liver- 
pool, sends  me  flowers  of  an  individual  that  shows  a 
certain  tendency  to  approach  a  fine  form  of  O. 
Williamsianum.  There  is  an  indian-purple  stripe  on 
the  stalks  of  the  petals,  and  iheir  disc  is  marked  wilh 
brown  blotches.  //.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

EriDENDRUM    MATTHEWSII. 

Six  species  belonging  to  this  type  inhabit  the  Andes 
of  Central  and  South  America,  and  belong  to  the 
Nanie  group  of  the  section  Euepidendrum.  The 
species  under  notice  recalls  the  appearance  of 
Lindley's  Nanodes  discolor,  the  type  of  that  genus  as 
founded  by  him.  Horticulturally  the  plants  are  very 
distinct  from  the  general  tun  of  cultivated  Epiden- 
drums ;  and  E.  Malthewsii,  although  incomparable 
to  the  remarkable  and  peculiarly  coloured  E,  Medusce, 
is  in  reality  a  floral  gem,  and  superior  to  E.  discolor, 
although  similar  in  habit  and  size.  The  rigid  fleshy 
leaves  are  more  or  less  irregularly  stained  with  purple, 
and  are  arranged  in  a  two-ranked  series,  closely 
clothing  the  short  procumbent  or  diffuse  stems  with 
their  sheathing  bases.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
small  and  almost  transparent,  but  stained  wilh  purple 
externally,  which  shines  or  appears  diffused  through 


NURSERY  NOTES. 

Mr.  C.  Wood's,  Rouen. — Mr.  Wood's  nursery  is 
not  an  emporium  for  new  or  rare  plants,  it  is  a  market 
nursery  where  only  well  known  and  reliable  subjects, 
suchas  finda  readysale  at  the  Rouen  market,  are  grown. 
The  whole  extent  is  about  2  hectares  (5  acres),  and  it 
contains  10,000  square  yards  of  glass.  Three  lean-to 
houses  are  devoted  to  Camellias  for  cutlincj,  several 
varieties  are  grown,  but  mostly  alba  plena  :  a  great 
quantity  of  these  U  required  for  the  different  feast?, 
&c.,  of  the  churches,  for,  as  is  well  known,  Rouen  is 
greatly  blessed  in  that  respect.  For  cut  flowers  large 
numbers  of  Stocks,  Primulas,  Cyclamens,  &c.,  are 
grown  ;  and  also  Roses,  the  favourite  being  Gloire  de 
Dijon,  still  other  sorts  are  much  sought  alter.  It  is 
singular  how  free  from  mildew  this  Rose  is  in  cjm- 
parison  with  the  H.P.'s  growing  near  by,  which  are 
positivelygrey  with  the  fungu?.  A  few  of  theoldsortsof 
Dahlias,  such  as  were  in  fashion  when  the  late  Mr. 
Wood  (father  of  the  present)  started  his  nursery,  on 
leaving  what  is  now  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  (see  Car- 
deners"  Chronicle^  p.  42S).  There  is  a  great  interest 
attached  to  them,  these  being  the  first  plants  cultivated 
by  him  for  trade  purposes.  But  they  have  not  been 
kept  up  to  the  time,  because  after  a  few  years  they 
were  attacked  by  a  troublesome  and  destructive  grub, 
which  nearly  exterminated  them.  Although  the  cut 
flower  trade  is  large  it  is  not  to  be  compared  to  the 
demand  for  pot  plants,  the  customers  seeming  to 
prefer  the  plant  in  a  pot — so  that  they  may  attend  to  i's 
wants  daily — to  the  mere  decoration  of  iheir  apart- 
ments with  the  cut  blooms,  so  soon  to  fade.  Neiih  r 
do  the  French  gentlemen,  generally  speaking,  adjtn 
their  persons  with  buttonholes,  except  on  very  grand 
occasions.     Of  the  ladies  I  will  not  speak. 

The  most  extensively  grown  plants  are  Indian 
Azaleas,  fjr  which  there  is  a  great  demand  about 
Christmas  time.  Mr.  Wood  grows  them  admirably, 
his  fine  sturdy  plants  being  real  pictures,  whether  in 
or  out  of  bloom.  About  20,000  Azaleas  are  grown 
here  each  year,  and  nearly  all  are  disposed  of  at  the 
local  market.  Sometimes,  however,  a  small  trade  is 
done  wilh  the  English  nurserymen.  The  Belgian 
system  of  cultivating  Azaleas  is  adopted  by  Mr.  Wood, 
the  soil  found  in  the  forest  lands  which  abound  in 
the  district  having  been  found  most  suitable  for 
their  culture.  Heaths  which  are  grown  in  the  open 
ground  should  be  mentioned  as  coming  second  to  the 
Azaleas  as  regards  quantity,  as  many  as  10,000  plants 
being  the  stock  :  concerning  quality  there  is  no  differ- 
ence. In  connection  with  these  plants  there  is  a 
peculiar  fact  :  Mr.  Wood  had  attempted  to  grow 
Heaths  on  his  ground  as  it  was  a  few  years  ago,  but 
failed.  An  adjoining  plot  of  land  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Wood,  and  he  once  more  tried  Ericas,  and  with  such 
success  that  he  has  continued  to  grow  thera  ever  since 
in  increasing  quantities.  The  differences  between  the 
situation  and  exposure  of  the  two  plots  are  to  be 
held  accountable  for  this.  The  varieties  cultivated 
are  such  as  may  be  seen  on  the  London  market,  and 
include  hyemalis,  Wilmoreana,  gracilis,  ventrlcosa, 
and  others.  Particularly  fine  also  are  tuberous  Be- 
gonias ;  only  one  colour,  a  brilliant  and  deep  rosy- 
red,  is  grown.  These  plants  are  balls  of  bloom — one 
might  almost  say  of  fire — being  only  about  I  foot  in 
height  ;  this  dwarfness  is  owing  to  the  cold  weather 
in  the  early  part  of  the  year  soon  after  being  planted 
out,  when  their  growth— upwards,  at  all  events — was 
checked.  The  individual  fljwers  are  very  Urge, 
measuring  on  an  average  some  5  or  6  inches  across. 
Other  outdoor  plants  include  Chrysanthemums,  which 
are  largely  grown  for  cut  flowers  as  well  as  for  pot 
plants,  and  Bouvardias,  always  favourites,  and  justly 
so,  for  like  purposes  ;  Bouvardia  Humboldt:  grandi- 
flora  is  the  only  variety  grown,  as  there  is  no  demand 
for  the  red  flowers. 


OCTOBKl.    9     1S86.I 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


459 


Lh  us  now  look  inside  the  houses.  First  of  all  to 
be  noticed  is  the  mode  ol  heating.  Mr.  Wood  manages 
this  all-important  part  of  his  work  in  a  novel  manner. 
This  is  how  it  is  done  :  — On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
road  is  an  establishment  where  much  weaving  is 
done— all  by  machinery.  The  hot-water  produced 
by  the  machines  at  work  here  is  run  out  as  was'e, 
but  is  not  wasted,  for  Mr.  Wood  leads  it  through 
pipes  into  his  nursery,  where  it  is  utilised  for  heating 
his  pits  and  houses — an  economical  manner  of  healing, 
and  not  a  bad  one  ;  I  recommend  it  to  any  horticultu- 
rist similarly  situated. 

Of  the  plants  in  the  houses  I  may  sum  them  all  up  as 
well  done.  Very  large  numbers  of  Bromelias  and  allied 
plants  are  culiiva'ed,  an  entire  house  being  devoted  to 
them.  In  France  these  plants  are  much  more  admired 
than  in  England.  When  I  saw  this  house  its  beauty 
greatly  struck  me;  on  both  sides  the  stages  were  full  of 
the  Bromeliads,  several  of  which  were  in  flower,  the  red 
colour  of  the  usually  green  parts  of  these  plants  j.nd 
also  of  those  just  about  to  flower  being  very  telling  in 
effect :  to  improve  all  this  was  a  splendid  plant  of 
Slephanolis  floribunda  trailed  along  the  roof  an  i 
heavily  laden  with  flowers.  Very  greatly  in  demind 
on  the  market  are  Gloxinias,  of  which  the  brilliantly 
coloured  varieties  of  all  sorts  are  extensively  grown. 
A  number  of  fine  dwarf  Orange  trees,  from  i  to  i  J 
foot  in  height,  masses  of  blossom,  are  also  to  be  noted. 
Ficus  elastica  is  also  largely  grown,  its  foliage  being 
of  that  fine  bronzy  hue  which  is  so  much  admired. 

Amongst  other  plants  largely  grown  the  chief  are 
grafted  Epiphyllum;,  which  attain  their  perfection 
during  the  winter  months,  and  are  of  course  most  useful 
then:  one  entire  house  is  devoted  to  them.  There 
are  also  Ferns  of  various'species — Adianlums,  Pteris 
tremula,  and  Lomarias,  chiefly;  Palms,  of  sorts,  par- 
ticularly Phcenix  reclinata,  and  P.  tenuis  ;  many 
vaiieties  of  Dracaena,  Pandanusutilis  and  show  Pelar- 
goniums, which  are  forced  for  sale  during  the  spring 
and  constitute  the  most  important  feature  during  that 
time  of  the  year.  Le  Voyagcur. 


CHOICE   TULIPS. 
One  assuiing  feature  in  relalion  lo  ihe  last  ( 


.hili 


tion  of  Tulips  at  Manchester  was  the  number  of 
exhibitors  that  took  part  in  the  competition,  and  yet 
such  exhibitors  as  Mr.  William  Whiltaker,  of  Salford  ; 
Mr.  Thomas  Ilaynes,  of  Warwick,  and  olheri,  were 
not  able  to  put  in  appearance.  When  as  many  as 
eight  stands  of  twelve  dissimilar  Tulips  are  exhibited 
in  competition  in  the  leaJing  class,  it  may  be  assumed 
that  Tulip  culture  is  still  actively  carried  on  in  Lin- 
cashire,  Cheshire,  and  other  adjacent  counties. 

The  best  flowers  staged  in  the  various  classes  are 
comprised  in  the  following  list  : — Bizarres,  feathered  : 
Commander  (Marsden),  a  grand  commanding  blonm, 
fitly  named,  having  a  rich  golden  ground  and  line 
dark  feather  ;  it  sometimes  comes  a  little  stained  in 
the  stamens,  and  sometimes  pure  ;  Masterpiece,  fine 
both  in  colour  and  marking;  Royal  .Sovereign  and 
George  Hayward — a  bloom  of  the  latter  shown  by 
Mr.  S.  iJirlow  was  pure,  lar^e,  and  finely  feathered, 
but  lacked  form,  being  uneven  on  the  petal  edges  ; 
these  are  fine  standard  varieties,  somewhat  widely 
circulated.  Of  newer  flowers  there  were  Nonpareil 
(Ashmole),  very  fine — it  comes  flamed  also,  but  in 
its  feathered  form  it  is  very  rich  in  colour,  of  a  deep 
rich  yellow  ;  Dr.  Dalton,  one  of  the  late  Dr.  Hardy's 
raising,  apt  to  come  short  of  beam  when  in 
the  flamed  state ;  sometimes  caught  in  excel- 
lent form,  but  in  its  general  character  regarded 
as  an  uncertain  fluwer ;  and  Asclepias  (Thurstan), 
broken  from  a  grand  bufT  breeder.  It  is  believed 
raised  from  Sulphur  and  Dr.  Hardy,  partakes  of  the 
shape  of  Sulphur,  but  has  the  purity  of  Dr.  Hardy  ; 
indeed,  as  shown,  it  was  very  pure,  with  a  bright 
red  feather.  Lord  Randolph  (Dymock)  will  be 
found  described  in  the  report  of  the  Tulip  show  ;  the 
peculiarity  about  it  is  that  though  a  feathered 
bizarre  it  is  said  to  have  been  raised  from  two  byblce- 
mens.  Excelsior,  which  was  shown  both  in  the 
feathered  and  flamed  classes,  is  oflenest  flamed.  It 
is  one  of  Dr.  Hardy's  seedlings.  It  is  as  good  in  the 
broken  as  in  the  breeder  state,  good  also  both  feathered 
and  flamed,  the  feathering  dense,  sometimes  comes 
a  little  stained  on  the  petals.     Agamemnon  {Hep= 


worth)  is  a  feathered  bizarre,  not  shown  to  the  best 
advantage  on  this  occasion,  and  at  present  in  very 
few  hands  indeed.  General  Grant,  another  of  Hep- 
worth's  raising,  is  in  the  same  way,  but  a  thoroughly 
first-class  flower,  and  has  a  vivid  sciilet  feather  on  a 
rich  yellow  ground.  Mr.  Barlow  gives  it  a  very  high 
position.  William  Wilson  (Hardy)  is  own  brother  to 
Dr.  Dalton,  hardly  first-class,  though  a  bold  dashing 
flower,  will  come  good  at  time?,  but  a  bit  inclined  to 
coarseness.  The  leading  flamed  bizarre  was  the 
evergreen  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  a  tlower  that  never  fails 
and  sometimes  breaks  out  into  a  fine  feathered  form. 

Feathered  Roses — a  charming  class — were  well  re- 
presented by  Nancy  (iibson,  Industry,  Modesty, 
Heroine,  and  Charmer.  A  fine  new  variety  was 
present  in  Mrs.  Thurstan  (Thurstan),  from  Kate 
Connor  x  Sarah  lleadly,  pure,  the  whiteness  of  the 
ground  perfect  ;  charmingly  fea'hered  with  deep  rosy- 
scarlet — one  of  the  finest  of  its  class  in  cultivation,  and 
which  may  be  written  down  as  ex.  ex.  Julia 
Farmese  is  decidedly  pleasing  to  the  eye,  its  heavy 
feather  contrasting  so  markedly  with  the  purity  of  the 
white  ground  ;  but  it  has  so  much  colour  laid  upon  the 
edges  of  the  petals  that  it  is  denominated  "plated," 
lacking  the  life  seen  on  a  petal  which  is  perfectly 
feathered  ;  it  was  a  little  small  as  shown,  but  good  in 
form.  The  best  flamed  roses  wer^  Lady  C.  Gordon 
(Lightbody),  nearly  a  flamed  flower  :  it  occasionally 
has  streaks  of  yellow  in  the  base  that  do  not  '*  bleach 
out  "  as  the  growers  say  ;  Old  Heroine,  still  a  most 
useful  and  popular  flower  ;  and  Annie  McGregor. 

The  byblcemens  were  this  season  weaker  than  the 
other  two  classes  :  the  best  feathered  flowers  were 
Mrs.  Cooper,  Talisman,  shown  in  the  flamed  character 
also  ;  Adonis— also  flimed  ;  fohn  Hart,  and  King  of 
the  Universe,  two  flowers  raised  by  Mr.  W.  Dymock, 
of  Stockport,  the  last  is  apt  to  come  with  slightly 
tinged  stamens  :  the  former  was  seen  in  fine  con- 
dition a  year  ago.  Flamed  bybkemens  were  further 
represented  by  Lord  Denman  and  Chancellor;  the 
last  is  a  Midland  flower,  but  apt  to  "  shoulder"  and 
present  itself  in  a  bad  form.  Mr.  Bailow  had  what 
was  regarded  as  a  good  strain  of  it,  but  threw  it  away, 
not  deeming  it  worthy  a  place  in  his  collection. 

The  best  breeder  Tulips  were,  bizarres — Sir  J. 
Paxton,  Dr.  Hardy,  and  Horatio  ;  this  last  is  one  of 
the  late  Mr.  R.  H^adly's  seedlings  very  fine  in  the 
breeder  state,  but  worihless  when  broken  ;  it  has  a 
fine  bright  yellow  oase,  and  light  orange-red  petals  ; 
it  may  be  termed  a  red  bizarre  breeder.  The  best 
rose  breeders  were  Mrs.  Bailow  (Hepworth),  A  I  as  a 
breeder,  and  of  a  beautiful  light  rose  colour,  but 
worthless  when  broken,  for  it  usually  breaks  badly  ; 
the  colour  is  right  when  rectified,  but  it  has  no 
character  ;  Thomas  Parker,  a  Wakefield  flower;  and 
Miss  Burdett  Coutts.  Byblcemen  breeders  were 
represented  by  Glory  of  Stakehill  (Ashmole),  pro- 
bably the  best  breeder  Tulip  in  cultivation,  but  when 
broken  weak  and  wanting  in  character — a  very  tall 
grower,  but  lovely  in  its  dress  of  silvery  grey  with  the 
faintest  tinge  of  mauve ;  Alice  Grey,  raised  by 
Walker  of  Winton,  colour  very  light  lavender  ;  it 
breaks  into  a  fair  byblcemen,  both  feathered  and 
flamed,  but  it  cannot  be  relied  upon;  but  it  is  a 
beautiful  breeder,  and  has  won  as  a  premier  amon^ 
breeders  many  times. 

Two  entirely  new  rose  breeders  were  shown  by 
Mr.  Thurston,  the  raiser;  one  was  named  Tryphena, 
a  beautiful  flower,  charming  in  colour,  perfect  in 
shape,  and  with  a  waxy-white  base  ;  and  Typhosa. 
of  the  same  class,  and  of  similar  character  in  regard 
to  build  to  the  feathered  rose  Mrs.  Thurstan.  The 
raiser  appears  to  have  obtained  a  fine  break  of  seed- 
ling Tulips,  more  of  which  may  probably  be  seen  next 
season. 

The  late  John  Slater,  who  was  an  undoubted  autho- 
rity in  the  matter  of  Tulip?,  once  said  that  *'  feathered 
flowers  are  generally  more  abundant  after  a  severe 
winter  than  when  it  is  a  mild  one."  On  applying  to 
Mr.  Samuel  Barlow  for  his  experience  in  reference 
to  this  matter  he  said  that  he  had  a  great  many  very 
fine  feathered  flowers  in  18S5  after  a  mild  winter. 
The  opinion  held  by  S'atcr  is  one  among  many  enter- 
tained by  the  old  Tulip  growers,  but  some  of  them 
have  not  borne  the  test  of  a  larger  experience.  R.  D, 

Chrysanthemum  G.  Wermig. 
This  yellow  flowered  sport  appears  to  be  earlier 
in  blooming  than  Madame  C.  Desgracges,  the  white 
blooming  Japanese  Chrysanthemum  from  which  it 
came.  I  infer  so  from  the  fact  that  when  I  was  at 
the  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  a  few  days  ago,  some 


of  the  workmen  were  bringing  in  from  the  open 
ground  and  potting  a  number  of  plants  of  both  the 
varieties  named  above,  and  though  they  had  occupied 
the  same  open  position  when  planted  out,  one — the 
sport—was  a  few  days  in  advance  of  the  other  in 
opening  its  flower?.  What  a  fine  bank  of  these  two 
varieties  Mr.  Turner  coald  set  up  at  South  Kensing- 
ton in  another  fortnight,  were  it  not  for  the  expense 
that  would  have  to  be  incurred  in  getting  a  large 
quantity  there.  Is  the  earliness  of  the  yellow  sport 
as  compared  with  Madame  Desgranges  generally 
noticeable  ?  R.  D. 


floLONIAL     J^OTE^. 


A  RtCENT  trip  by  railway  to  Sydney,  distant  from 
Melbourne  nearly  600  miles,  gave  me  the  long-wished- 
for  opportunity  to  see  something  of  the  vegetation  of 
the  oldest  and  neighbouring  colony  of  New  South 
Wales,  so  I  made  as  good  use  of  my  eyes  and  briif 
opportunitiei  as  possible  to  note  the  various  matters 
of  interest  en  roitte. 

I  started  at  6.55  A.M.  on  May  17,  making  the 
journey  through  in  twenty-four  hours.  The  extreme 
dryness  of  the  country  was  very  marked  soon  after 
leaving  Melbourne,  and  continued  so  the  whole  way  ; 
every  water-hole  was  dry — not  a  blade  of  green  grass 
was  to  be  seen,  although  the  country  over  which  the 
train  runs  is  comparatively  fiat  between  a  goodly 
number  of  high  hills,  which  were  never,  or  scarcely 
ever,  situated  nearer  the  train  than,  say,  three  miles. 
The  hills  nearly  all  the  way  were  clothed  with 
Eucalyptus  trees;  these,  judging  by  the  immense 
quantities  of  fire-wooJ  cut  up  into  foot  lengths,  must 
have  been  largely  interspersed  with  E.  melliodora, 
yellow  Box,  and  at  times  the  summits  of  the  hills 
were  observed  to  be  clothed  with  Casuarina  quadri- 
valvis,!  and  others  of  the  "She  Oaks"  probably. 
The  want  of  grass  and  water  must  have  been  severely 
felt  by  the  settlers,  cattle  being  scarcely  ever  ob- 
servaMf,  but  plenty  of  sheep  and  goats.  I  must 
mention,  however,  a  goodly  donkey  of  good  caste  and 
her  foal,  the  mater  being  busily  at  work  biting  the 
spines  otf  a  dry  Thistle  !  This  was  near  Glenrowan 
and  the  Strathbogie  ranges,  where  the  Kelly  gang  of 
bushrangers  enjoyed  a  short  but  terrible  time  of  it,  so 
far  as  the  victims  were  concerned,  until  surrounded 
and  captured,  then  hanged  for  their  crimes.  By-and- 
bye  the  Murray  River  is  crossed,  and  Albury,  190 
miles  from  Melbourne,  the  first  station  in  New  South 
Wales,  is  reached.  Here  th-;  passengers  change 
trains,  and  meanwhile  stop  for  dinner  (about  1.30  p.  M  ), 
and  which  is  obtainable  at  the  station  refreshment- 
room  at  the  cost  of  2j.  6^/. 

The  New  South  Wales  country  nearer  Sydney  is 
more  interesting,  I  think,  and  is  certainly  more 
picturesque,  judging  by  the  moonlii^ht  views  I  had  at 
times  from  the  carriage  window.  We  reached  Sydney 
at  6  40  A.M.  on  May  iS.  The  approaches  by  train  to 
Sydney  proper  are  sadly  marred  by  the  entire  removal 
of  the  native  vegetation ;  indeed,  I  may  add  that 
Sydney  is  sadly  behind  in  the  way  of  tree  planting  for 
shade,  &c.  (verified  by  after  visits  to  the  city),  and 
this  is,  I  think,  much  owing  to  the  very  poor  water 
supply  for  the  city,  fed  by  some  wretched  swamps 
near  Botany  Bay.  The  supply  of  pure  water  will, 
however,  soon  be  obtainable  in  quantity  from  some 
mountain  source,  and  it  was  a  healthy  proof  of  the 
same  when  I  was  in  Sydney  to  see  the  large  wrought- 
iron  pipes  laid  in  a  line  for  an  ad  interim  supply — 
these  were  about  to  be  laid  below  ground.  Let  us 
hope  the  Sydney  authorities  will  seek  and  act  upon 
advice  (based  on  long  experience)  of  Mr.  C.  Moore, 
F.L.S.,  the  Director  of  the  Sydney  Botanic  Gardens, 
and  plant  largely  the  proper  shade  trees  so  con- 
spicuous by  their  absence  in  and  around  this  the 
oldest  city  of  the  Australian  colonies. 

The  trees  largely  used  for  shade,  &c.,  in  the  public 
reserves,  near  and  connected  with  the  Botanic  Gar- 
dens, are  Ficus  macrophylla  and  others  of  the  genus, 
also  Pinus  pinaster,  &c.  ;  these  seem  to  require  no 
artificial  watering.  To  a  person  desirous  of  making 
a  botanical  pilgrimage  there  is  no  more  interesting 
spot  to  visit  than  that  contained  within  the  fences  of 
the  Sydney  Botanic  Gardens.  How  often  we  bear 
of  the  giant  Araucaria  excelsa  trees,  the  finest  culti- 
vated ones  known,  I  believe.  I  stood  beljw  the 
towering  heights  of  two  of  these,  measuring  at  least 


4^o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  9,  1886. 


120  feet  from  ground-line  to  top,  and  a  diameter  at 
4  feet  from  the  soil  of  at  least  5  feet.  A  very  fine  A. 
Cunninghami  is  also  growing  near  by,  almost,  if  not 
quite,  as  tall,  but  not  so  shapely  as  the  others  named. 
Polnsettia  pulcherrima  and  other  (trees  in  Melbourne) 
greenhouse  plants  were  here  found  luxuriating  as  free- 
growing  and  rather  tall  shrubs.  The  general  area  of 
the  gardens  has  been  increased  nearly  one-half  by 
additions  from  the  late  Exhibition  Palace  grounds, 
&c.  The  sward  of  the  lawns  is  composed  of  Steno- 
tapbrum  glabrum  (Buffalo)  and  Cynodon  dactylon 
(Daub  or  Couch),  the  latter  giving  more  satisfaction 
in  some  parts  of  the  grounds,  as  it  does  not  suffer  so 
readily  from  extreme  drought  as  its  neighbour.  The 
mowing  is  done  by  a  very  heavy,  and,  indeed,  clumsy 
article,  made  by  one  of  your  famous  makers,  but 
which  is  said  to  do  the  work  well ;  it  needs,  however, 
one  horse  and  two  men,  all  hard  at  work,  to  enable 
it  to  perform  its  daily  tribute  of  lawn  trimming. 

The  greenhouses  or  conservatories  were  by  no 
means  found  to  be  leading  features  of  interest. 
Certainly  two  very  handy  new  ones,  well  and 
cheaply  made,  have  recently  been  added,  about 
40  feet  long  by  20  feet  wide,  with  very  perfect 
apparatus,  but  the  plants  in  them,  as  in  the 
others,  are  very  poor  and  uninteresting  ;  this,  the 
foreman  explained  to  me,  was  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  Garden  Palace  Exhibition,  which  not 
long  since  was  burned  to  the  ground,  contained 
most  of  their  best  plants,  which  it  had  taken 
many  years  to  grow.     A  national  loss  truly  ! 

Native  Flowering  Plants. 
My  observations  were  not  confined  to  Sydney 
proper,  for  I  was  enabled  to  see  something  of  the 
beautiful  native  flora  fringing  the  waters  of  Port 
Jackson.  The  large  as  well  as  small  steamers  go 
seemingly  everywhere  within  this  most  picturesque 
and  enchanting  harbour,  so  that  one  has  no  diffi- 
culty in  getting  to  spots  full  of  interest  to  lovers 
of  plants.  About  9  miles  from  Sydney  by  steamer 
is  a  well  populated  town  called  Manly  ;  this  is 
met  fore  and  aft  by  the  ocean  and  harbour  water, 
and  is  rather  exposed  to  the  strong  winds.  The 
beauty  or  pride  of  Manly,  Coogec,  &c.,  is,  how- 
ever, centred  in  the  native  plants  growing  on  the 
heights  and  among  the  rocks  above  the  residences. 
Among  many  others  I  observed  Eugenia  myrti- 
folia,  Leptospermum  lanigerum,  Banksia  eri- 
cifolia,  flowers  full  of  honey-like  fluid  ;  Gre- 
villeas  of  various  dwarf  species,  Epacris  im- 
pressa  and  E.  longiflora,  Westringia  rosmarini- 
folia  (the  last-named  growing  everywhere  on 
declivitous  and  rocky  spots),  Smilax  glyciphylla 
in  berry,  growing  in  interstices  of  the  rocks  (it 
is  much  used  for  medicinal  purposes,  and  said  to 
be  in  that  way  equal  to  the  imported  Sarsaparilla). 
The  value  of  many  of  the  native  plants  to  culti- 
vators is  their  flowering,  or  continuing  to  do  so, 
in  the  coldest  months — May.  June,  and  July — 
more  especially  those  of  the  Epacridese  and  Pro- 
teaceae  ;  the  wonder  is,  under  the  circumstances, 
that  our  native  plants  are  so  very  seldom  seen  in 
our  gardens,  especially  as  they  are  so  suitable  to 
give  winter  effect. 

Among    the  introduced    European  and   other 
trees,  which,  to  my  surprise,  I  found  thriving  so 
well  both  in  Sydney  and  at  Parramatta  (about  14 
miles  distant  therefrom)  was  the  British  Oak,  Quer- 
cus  Robur,  which  seemed  to  flourish  because  of 
the  richness  of  the  soil,  despite  the  great  heat  in 
summer  overhead.      Going  by   railway,    one    is 
pleasantly    surprised    to    find    so    pretty   an    inland 
town — where   once   the    Governor    resided — so   well 
laid  out,  streets  at  right  angles,  plenty  of  shops,  and 
much   other  evidence   of  prosperity.      Entering   the 
public  park  by  an  archway  through  or  under  a  brick 
castle-like  lodge,  the  first  objects  for  attention  are  the 
Oaks  planted   many  years  since  by  some  champion  of 
disorder  ;  they  are  very  irregular,  too  close  together, 
and  much  stunted  in  consequence,  yet  the  shade  must 
be  delightful  in  summer.   I  measured  one  (indeed  there 
were  several  others  equally  fine)  whose  diameter  was 
found  to   be  2  feet    9  inches  and  70  feet  in  height. 
There  are  here,  interspersed  with  them,  some  of  the 
largest  Pinus  pinaster  and  P.  pinea  I  had  ever  seen, 
about  equal  in  height  and  girth  to  the  Oaks.     I  may 
observe  here  that  the  only  grass  growing  in  the  park 
is  Cynodon  dactylon,   no  other  would    succeed  here 
so  well  on    account    of  the  heat.      There  are  some 
splendidly   healthy   Orange    trees   not    far   from   the 
town,  which,  when  in   flower,  fill  the  air  with   their 
fragrance.     At  this  time  of  year  these  "  trees  of  life  " 


are  laden  with  their  "fruits  of  gold."  I  was  unable 
to  visit  the  orangeries,  so  can  only  speak  of  what  I 
have  heard,  or  judge  by  the  few  specimens  seen. 
Returning  to  Sydney — this  time  by  water  (Parra- 
matta River) — I  was  certainly  disappointed  at  not 
seeing  any  very  luxuriant  vegetation  on  either  side, 
and  00  Orange  trees,  but  was  rewarded  by  the  scenery — 
rocky  points,  and  promontories,  recesses,  &c,  all  the 
way  down  this  arm  of  the  sea  to  Port  Jackson.  The 
Mangroves  (Carallia  species)  sticking  their  forklike 
roots  into  the  muddy  edges  of  the  banks  on  either 
side  of  the  river  look  very  peculiar,  the  foliage 
being  very  much  like  that  of  Ficus  australis.  I  am 
sorry  to  say  that  where  I  observed  in  some  of  the 
suburbs  of  Sydney,  that  Araucaria  excelsa  trees  had 
been  planted  for  shade  in  the  streets  (for  which  they  are 
eminently  unsuitable),  the  lower  frond-like  branches 
were  cut  off  up  to  5  and  6  feet  to  make  them  answer 
the  purpose.  Need  I  say  that  no  greater  failure  can 
be  chrinicled  than  this  one  ! 
Much   reclamation   of  sandy  coastland    has  been 


,   93. — PRINCESS  . 


effected  at  various  places,  more  especially  at  Manly 
(before  referred  to),  which  is  in  sight  of  the  Heads. 
Mr.  E.  Badmington,  builder  and  contractor,  informed 
me  that  when  he  landed  there  thirty  years  ago  no 
settlers  were  there  excepting  the  original  occupier  and 
his  family  who  by  purchase  from  the  Crown  became  the 
owner  of  the  whole  area,  comprising  many  hundreds 
of  acres,  and  had  the  principal  portion,  especially  the 
sandy  ground,  planted  with  Buffalo  and  Couch  grasses. 
Mr.  Badmington  assures  me  that  the  late  Mr.  H.  G. 
Smith  (shipowner),  the  original  occupier,  would  often 
go  out  in  rainy  weather,  with  only  an  umbrella  over  his 
h  ad,  and  plant  rooted  joints  of  these  grasses,  and  he 
was  many  times  assisted  by  Mr.  Badmington  in  so 
doing  ;  and  what  is  proved  besides  the  reclamation  of 
such  an  area,  principally  of  sandy  land  ?  Why — that 
the  Buffalo  and  Couch  grasses  (and  more  especially  the 
BuSalo),  are  of  the  greatest  possible  value  as  sand-stay- 
ing plants.  I  have  seen  the  Buffalo  growing  fairly  at 
Queenscliff  (Heads  of  Port  Philip),  but  was  not  pre- 
pared to  find  it  so  unmistakably  successful  as  at  Manly 
in  New  South  Wale<:.  A.  C.  N ,  South  Yi'ra,  Mil- 
bourne.  July  2S. 


CONTINENTAL    NOVELTIES. 

New  Perpetual  Ten-Week  Stock,  Princess 
Alice  (Lorenz).— Mr.  Chr.  Lorenz,  of  Erfurt,  is 
about  to  put  into  commerce  a  new  variety,  and  one 
likely  to  be  appreciated  by  all  who  wish  to  have  a 
good  outdoor  flower.  In  the  open  ground  the  plant 
grows,  we  are  told,  2  feet  high,  and  if  sown  early  it 
produces  uninterruptedly  from  May  until  November, 
and  often  until  December,  an  abundance  of  beauti- 
fully shaped  flowers  of  the  purest  white,  which  con- 
trast well  with  the  dark  glossy  green  foliage.  The 
flowers,  which  appear  in  each  axil  of  the  flower-stalk, 
are  produced  in  long  succession,  and  afford  excellent 
material  for  bouquets  at  a  time  when  only  few  other 
Sowers  are  obtainable.  This  variety,  which  has  been 
awarded  two  ist  prizes,  is  likely  soon  to  become  a 
general  favourite,  being  equally  well  adapted  for  pot 
culture  and  the  open  ground. 

Zinnia  elegans  robusta  grandiflora 
PLENissiMA  (Lorenz). 

The  constant  endeavours  of  Herr  C.  Lorenz 
in  improving  popular  flowers  have  enabled  him  in 
course  of  time  to  introduce  flowers  of  great  merit, 
such  as  Pansy  Emperor  William,  Diadem  Pink 
(Dianthus  diadematus,  fl.-pl.),  Gomphrena  glo- 
bosa  nana  compacta,  Gaillardia  picta  Lorenziana, 
Dianthus  atropurpureus  (Mourning  Cloak),  and 
others,  and  are  now  again  rewarded  with  a  new 
success.  By  careful  endeavours  of  many  years 
he  has  succeeded  in  raising  a  new  large- flowering 
double  Zinnia  of  great  perfection,  which  will  be 
put  into  commerce  this  year. 

The  plant,  we  are  informed,  difl^'ers  from  the 
old  variety  in  its  luxuriant  robust  growth  and  the 
deep  green  colour  of  its  large  leaves.  It  forms  a 
handsome  bush,  similar  to  that  of  a  Dahlia,  of 
3  feet  or  more  in  height ;  above  this  the  flowers 
display  themselves  on  slender  stems.  The  flowers 
appear  in  uninterrupted  succession,  and  form  per- 
fect blooms  from  5  to  6  inches  across,  whereas 
the  petals  of  the  old  double  Zinnia  overlap 
each  other  like  scales,  giving  a  flat  appear- 
ance to  the  flower;  those  of  this  novelty,  which 
are  of  double  the  size,  and  are  much  more 
numerous,  so  that  they  often  cannot  find  room 
enough  for  development,  are  forced  to  pile 
themselves  up  on  each  other  so  that  the  flower 
has  an  appearance  quite  different  from  that  of 
other  Zinnias.  The  intense  and  brilliant  colour- 
ing of  the  flowers  is  in  keeping  with  the  robust- 
ness of  the  plant.  The  richness  of  the  shades 
of  colour  is  promising,  as  hues  appear  which  are 
not  to  be  found  amongst  the  older  forms  of 
Zinnias.  The  flowers  preserve  their  beauty 
for  about  three  or  four  weeks,  even  in  the 
hottest  weather.  On  account  of  its  luxuriant 
growth  and  its  large  bright  flowers  this  novelty 
is  particularly  valuable  for  large  groups,  and  for 
planting  singly  and  as  a  border  plant  in  small 
gardens.  The  engraving  (fig.  94)  represents  a 
flower  of  medium  size.  A  number  of  cut  blooms 
of  this  Zinnia  were  shown  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Erfurt  Horticultural  Society  on  the  6th  ult., 
where  they  were  much  admired.  Herr  Lorenz, 
speaking  of  his  introduction,  says  : — "I  believe 
it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  by  careful  selec. 
tion  for  many  years  I  have  raised  the  nc  plus 
ultra  of  double  Zinnias." 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Acer  colchicum  tricolor,  Revtte  de  I' Horticul- 
ture Belge^  October,  1886. — A  beautiful  variety,  in 
which  the  leaves  have  a  green  disc,  mottled  with 
white,  and  edged  with  a  deep  band  of  red. 

LiLIOM  longiflorum  Harrisi,  Garden,  August  7. 

Ori.xa  JAPONICA,  Gartenflora,  t.  1232.  — A  celas- 
trineous  shrub  of  no  great  beauty. 

Selenipedium  caudatum  var.  ROSEA,  Illustra- 
tion Horticole,  t.  596. — Remarkable  for  the  rosy  tint 
of  tho  side  petals. 

Thalictrum  anemonoides,  fl.-pl..  Revue  de 
r Horticulture  Beige,  September. 

Thunbergia  laurifolia.  Garden,  September  25. 

Vallota  purpurea  magnifica.  Garden,  Sep- 
tember II. 

Vanda  suAvis,  V.  s.  FLAVAandV.  s.  pk-btexta, 
Orchidophile,  September,  1886. 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


461 


^COTCH      JvfoTEg. 


EARNOCK    AND   NEILSLAND,    HAMILTON. 

Earnock  and  the  adjoining  estate  of  Neiisland, 
the  properties  of  John  Watson,  Esq.,  are  perhaps 
two  of  the  finest  examples  in  Scotland  of  what  may 
be  done  by  energetic  enterprise  assisted  by  good  taste 
in  the  improvement  of  landed  property.  Mr.  Watson, 
when  he  came  into  possession  of  the  two  estates,  a 
little  over  ten  years  ago,  found  them  neglected  in 
every  respect.  There  was  little  to  adorn  either  of 
them  in  the  way  of  trees  except  a  considerable  number 
of  ancient  Oaks  scattered  singly  over  the  estates, 
more  especially  that  of  Earnock,  These  Oaks,  many 
of  them  of  noble  dimensions,  with  trunks  sound  and 


the  mighty  Oaks,  and  what  is  called  the  Norval 
Plantation  was  the  first  step  taken  towards  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  plan.  The  park  is,  or  rather  was 
till  recently,  raked  very  much  by  the  gales  which 
blow  from  the  south-west,  the  quarter  whence  for 
about  niae  months  of  the  year  that  the  most  un- 
favourable winds  to  tree  growth  in  the  locality  chiefly 
blow.  The  Norval  Plantation  extends  along  the 
south-west  boundary  of  the  park  for  nearly  a  mile, 
and  is  of  varying  breadth  and  outline,  measuring  many 
acres  in  area.  Along  its  outer  line  are  many  of  the 
ancient  Oaks  already  mentioned,  always  solitary,  or 
at  most  in  pairs,  with  groups  of  Beech,  Sycamore, 
and  other  deciduous  tree  evidently  planted  from  80  to 
100  years  ago.  The  inner  part,  or  that  facing  the 
park,  has  been  planted  most  successfully  by  grouping 
trees  for  effect.      Deciduous   trees,   such   as   purple 


Fig.  94.— double  zinnia:   natural  size,     (see  p.  460.) 


straight,  are  very  old,  yet  they  are  for  the  most  part  in 
perfect  health  and  make  vigorous  growth.  They  are 
probably  the  remains  of  that  part  of  the  old  Gale- 
doni.in  Forest,  the  most  perfect  remains  of  which  are 
to  be  seen  at  Cadzow,  some  2^  miles  south  of 
Earnock.  But  the  most  assured  interest  that 
attaches  to  these  fine  Oaks  is  that  their  existence  and 
well-doing  gave  the  valuable  suggestion  to  Mr. 
Watson:  "If  these  grand  old  trees  have  stood  the 
brunt  of  storm  and  blast  for  hundreds  of  years  in 
the  isolated  and  unsheltered  condition  in  which  I 
find  them,  what  might  they  not  have  been  had 
they  been  sheltered  and  supported  by  neighbours 
like  themselves  ?  "  This  led  to  the  further  suggestion, 
that  even  yet  much  might  be  done  to  prolong  their 
existence  and  increase  their  vigour  by  planting  for 
shelter,  while  the  aspect  of  the  place  would  be  greatly 
improved  at  the  same  time.  Being  a  man  of  action  as 
well  as  of  taste,  no  time  was  lost  in  developing  plans 
to  cany  into  execution  this  suggestion,  called  ioitb  by 


Beech,  purple  and  variegated  Sycamore,  broad-leaved 
American  and  European  Limes,  scarlet  Oaks,  silver 
and  cut-leaved  Birch,  scarlet  Pavias,  red  and  white- 
flowered  Horse  Chestnuts,  Paul's  and  other  ornamental 
Thorns,  Cherries,  Service  and  other  species  and 
varieties  of  Crataegus  and  Pyrus,  are  planted  in 
groups  of  three,  five,  or  seven  each,  along 
with  interjacent  groups  of  evergreen  trees,  com- 
prising Austrian  and  Scotch  Firs,  Abies  Douglasii,  P. 
Nordmanniana,  P.  nobilis,  the  black  American  and 
Oriental  Spruces  and  Cedrus  atlantica.  The  effect  is 
beautiful,  and  the  object  aimed  at — the  production  of 
shelter  for  the  park  by  means  of  masses  of  handsome 
trees  and  shrubs — has  been  attained  with  much 
success. 

The  young  trees  have  grown  to  such  a  height 
that  they  effectually  prevent  the  wind  from  rush- 
ing through  beneath  the  tops  of  the  old  Oaks  and 
other  trees  that  had  previously  formed  the  thin 
boundary  line  of   the^  park   on  this    side    without 


aflfording  it  any  shelter.  Bearing  in  mind  that  the 
trees  have  only  been  planted  about  ten  years,  the 
growth  they  have  made  is  surprising,  as  the  following 
dimensions  of  some  of  them  will  testify  :  —  Cedrus 
atlantica,  7  to  12  feet.  Oriental  Spruce,  S  to  12  feet, 
black  American  Spruce,  5  to  9  feet,  Austrian  Pine, 
8  to  12  feet,  Douglas  Fir,  12  to  15  feet,  Nordmann's 
Fir,  10  to  14  feet ;  scarlet  Oaks,  10  to  iS  feet,  with 
fine  spreading  heads — many  of  the  growths  of  the 
present  season  measuring  z\  to  3  feet ;  purple  and 
variegated  Sycamore,  18  to  25  feet,  with  corre- 
sponding top  ;  American  Limes,  18  to  24  feet,  doing 
very  much  better  than  the  European  species ;  cut- 
leaved  and  silver  Birch,  18  to  25  feet,  making 
splendid  heads. 

Before  leaving  the  Norval  Plantation  it  may  be 
interesting  to  many  to  note  that  the  black  American 
Spruce  which  has  been  largely  planted  in  the 
evergreen  groups  appears  to  be  specially  well  adapted 
to  the  locality  and  soil.  The  latter  is  a  good  loam  of 
moderate  depth  resting  on  clay.  There  was  not  an 
unhealthy  tree,  all  were  thrifty,  and  growing  well.  It 
was  noticeable  also  that  in  another  part  of  the  park 
distant  eastward  some  600  or  700  yards,  where  this 
tree  was  planted  on  the  south-western  side  of  another 
plantation  it  was  almost  the  only  one  that  was 
thriving.  Here  in  the  teeth  of  the  blast  broken  by 
the  Norval  Plantation,  this  proved  to  be  the  only  tree 
that  could  maintain  perfect  health  and  symmetry.  All 
others  were  more  or  less  weather-beaten,  this  alone 
was  perfectly  at  home,  though  making  slower  growth 
than  those  enjoying  the  shelter  of  the  inner  side  of  the 
Norval  Plantation. 

Near  the  entrance  gate  next  Hamilton  there  are 
some  remarkable  specimens  of  Conifers  planted  about 
the  same  time  as  the  Norval  Plantation.  The  shelter 
here  is  of  greater  density,  and  the  result  is  seen  in  the 
growth  of  the  Conifers.  We  noted  measurements  of 
Abies  nobilis  from  25  to  30  feet  high  ;  A.  lasiocarpa, 
18  to  20  feet ;  and  A.  Nordmanniana,  iS  to  20  feet. 
These  were  all  feathered  to  the  ground  and  in 
perfect  health.  In  front  of  these,  on  a  broad  stretch 
of  grass  on  either  side  the  carriage  road,  were  some 
handsome  Hollies,  which,  however,  did  not  present 
the  same  thriving  appearance  as  the  Conifers  hard  by. 
It  was  noticeable,  however,  that  Hollies  were  not 
happy  at  any  point  on  the  place,  and  few,  fortunately, 
had  been  made  use  of  in  the  scheme  of  planting. 

The  Mansion 
lies  about  half  a  mile  from  the  gate,  and  is  a 
handsome  building  of  mixed  style  of  architecture. 
We  noted  on  the  right  a  fine  Horse  Chestnut,  which, 
enjoying,  as  it  had  done,  the  shelter  of  a  few  friendly 
Oaks  standing  a  little  way  off,  is  the  most  perfect  and 
handsome  specimen  of  its  kind.  It  forms  a  massive 
pyramid  of  about  40  feet  in  height,  by  about  So  feet 
wide,  the  drooping  branches  concealing  the  stem  ; 
and  about  this  part  commence  some  acres  of  massive 
clumps  of  choice  hybrid  Rhododendrons,  which  quite 
surround  the  mansion.  The  pleasing  aspect  of  the 
clumps  defined  by  broad  glades  of  well  kept  lawn,  the 
splendid  specimen  plants  comprising  the  best  selection 
of  new  and  old  varieties  obtainable  at  the  time,  give  a 
well  furnished  appearance  to  this  part  of  the  grounds 
which  is  so  rarely  observed  in  old  places  recently 
improved,  as  this  has  been. 

The  so-called  Back  Avenue,  which  leads  from  the 
left  of  the  mansion,  is  a  spacious  carriage  road,  over- 
arched by  grand  old  Oaks,  Elms,  and  Beeches,  but  for 
the  space  of  about  150  yards  in  length  immediately 
after  leaving  the  house  it  is  open,  and  bordered  on 
either  side  with  a  continuous  mass  of  Rhododendrons, 
each  bank  varying  in  width  from  lo  to  15  yards.  The 
bank  on  the  right  runs  parallel  with  the  old  garden 
wall,  which  is  well  concealed  by  the  bank  and  the 
fine  specimens  of  Rhododendrons,  which  are  inter- 
spersed here  and  there  with  the  largest  specimens  of 
Japanese  Maples  to  be  found  in  Scotland.  The  Rho- 
dodendrons here  and  everywhere  throughout  the 
place  are  full  of  flower-buds,  giving  promise  of  an 
abundance  of  flowers  next  year. 

On  the  left  of  this  avenue,  near  the  e.astern  termi- 
nation of  the  Rhododendron  banks,  are  the  stables, 
embowered  in  trees,  and  deserving  of  passing  notice 
here  on  account  of  the  striking  effect  of  their  massive 
architectural  features  on  the  grounds  at  this  point. 
A  massive  Norman  archway,  flanked  on  either  side 
by  towers,  gives  access  to  a  spacious  corridor,  the 
roof  of  which  is  groined  and  pannelled,  cathedral 
fashion,  with  Pitch  Pine.  The  ample  courtyard  lies 
beyond,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  handsome  foun- 


462 


THE    GAkDENEkS'    CHRONICLE, 


[OcToDER  0.   iSS5. 


tain  and  around  are  the  stables  and  olher  necessary 
buildings. 

Just  opposile  to  the  stables  is  the  entrance  to  the 
old  garden,  an  area  of  some  6  or  7  acres  in  extent, 
and  possessing;  much  diversity  of  feature.  Formerly 
it  was  the  vegetable  and  flower  garden  of  the 
establishment,  now  it  is  partly  orchard,  but  mostly 
pleasure  ground.  The  Earnock  Burn,  a  pretty  little 
stream,  winds  with  many  a  sweep  through  the 
narrjw  glen  in  an  easterly  direction.  On  ihe 
norihern  bank  lies  the  old  garden  in  a  series  of 
irregular  terraces  and  natural  slopes.  The  old  wdUs 
of  the  terraces  are  so  densely  clothed  with  masses 
of  Asplenium  Trichomanes  as  to  appear  at  a  little 
distance  only  abrupt  variations  of  tha  bright 
verdant  surface.  The  interesting  and  varied  charac'er 
of  this  choice  bit  of  landscape  is  best  observed 
from  the  opposite  side  of  the  glen,  which  rises  with 
greater  abruptness,  with  rocky  projections,  and  diver- 
sified with  many  old  Oaks  and  Beech,  with  here  and 
there  splendid  spi^cimens  of  old  Scotch  Fir.  This 
bank  is  reached  by  means  of  a  bridge  which  spans  the 
burn  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  door  by  which  the 
old  garden  is  entered.  On  the  right  of  the  bridge  the 
little  stream  assumes  the  form  of  a  tiny  lake  before 
gliding  over  a  precipitous  rock  of  considerable  heigh*. 
Passing  along  the  winding  path  the  varied  beauMes  of 
the  old  garden  are  bit  by  bit  unfolded  to  view.  Here, 
by  the  stream,  is  an  embowered  hollow,  overspread 
luxuriantly  with  Ferns  in  great  variety,  which  soften 
the  rugged  banks  with  their  rich  green  foliage  till  it 
merges  in  the  lawn  above,  Slightlyin  rear  of  thecentral 
crowning  rock  at  this  point  rises  a  group  of  very  old 
English  and  Irish  Yews,  which  by  their  sombre  green 
and  deep  shadow  give  a  charmmg  variety  of  tint, 
and  impart  an  illusive  impression  of  depth  to  the 
hollow  beneath.  On  the  right  and  left  stand  a  purple 
Beech  and  silver  Birch  respectively,  both  of  large 
dimensions,  each  casting  a  fringe  of  its  foliage 
athwart  the  fernery  hollow,  as  if  to  shield  it  from  the 
scorching  mid-day  sun. 

To  the  right  and  left  of  this  point  the  lawn  forms 
easy  undulations,  broken  up  with  clumps  of  Rhodo- 
dendrons, and  handsome  specimens  of  Golden  Yews, 
standards  and  pyramids,  which  are  allowed  to  develope 
themselves  in  a  naturally  free  manner,  the  heads  of 
the  latter  of  which  were  in  several  cases  of  the  un- 
usual dimensions  of  7  to  8  feet  diameter.  A  plant  of 
Taxus  adpressa  is  worthy  of  special  notice,  being 
a  handsome  pyramid  of  about  12  feet  in  diameter  at 
base.  A  rather  melancholy  interest  attaches  to  the 
remains  of  a  gigantic  dead  Scotch  Fir,  which  stand 
near  this  Yew.  It  rises  with  a  clean  straight  stem  to 
the  height  of  90  feet,  having  a  well  developed  head. 
The  girth  of  the  stem,  5  feet  from  the  ground,  is 
II  feet  6  inches.  The  tree  ceased  to  live  two  years 
ago,  and  Mr,  Watson  has  determined  that  it  shall  re- 
main where  it  grew  until  destroyed  by  nalural 
decay.  On  another  spot  hard  by  is  a  per/cct 
specimen  of  Thuiopsis  dolabrata,  a  memorial  tree, 
planted  by  Lady  Belhaven,  daughter  of  Mr.  Wat- 
son, in  187S.  It  is  now  9  feet  high  by  about 
the  same  widih  of  base.  Space  will  not  permit  us  to 
enumerate  all  the  objects  of  interest  in  this  delightful 
spot,  but  we  cannot  leave  it  without  briefly  noticing 
The  Knoll,  which  is  one  of  its  most  interesting  features 
from  an  historic  if  not  from  a  purely  horticultural 
point  of  view.  It  lies  at  the  western  end  of  the  old 
garden  on  the  crest  of  a  steep  rocky  bank  over- 
looking the  Earnock  Burn.  It  is  a  grass-clad  mound 
of  almost  circular  form  and  of  considerable  height 
above  the  surrounding  surface  levels,  surmounted  by 
a  cairn.  Three  very  tine  old  Scotch  Firs,  almost  uni- 
form in  proportions,  stand  about  equidistant  from  the 
cairn  and  from  each  other  on  its  sides.  Here  we 
learn  from  a  tablet  placed  by  Mr.  Watson  in  the 
garden  wall  close  by  are  buried  the  remains  of  several 
Covenanters.  They  had  fought  for  the  Covenant  at 
Bothweli  Brig  about  three  miles  distant,  were 
defeated  and  pursued  by  the  Royalists,  and  over- 
taken near  this  spot  and  instantly  shot.  Their 
bodies  were  buried  on  the  Knoll,  the  cairn  raised  and 
the  Firs  planted  by  friendly  hands  to  mark  the  resting- 
place  of  those  who  had  fallen  in  defence  of  liberty  of 
conscience. 

The  glass  erections,  which  stand  near  the  house  in 
a  square,  walled  in,  comprise  a  few  useful  fruit  and 
plant  houses.  Mr.  Watson's  attention  and  tastes 
have  been  almost  exclusively  devoted  to  the  develop- 
ing of  the  broader  features  of  the  very  fine  park,  but 
we  understand  there  are  plans  projected  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  very  complete  range  of  structures  on  a  scale 


commensurate  with  the  other  features  of  the  place. 
We  must  defer  our  notes  of  the  interesting  features 
of  Neilsland  till  a  future  occasion.  A". 


are  colours  innumerable  of  Primroses,  Violas,  and 
dozens  of  other  things  admirably  adapted  for  the 
purpose.    W.  BaiUte,  Luton  Hco  Gardens. 


The  past  few  weeks  of  dry  weather  have  revived 
the  occupants  of  the  flower  beds,  and,  where  the 
plants  have  not  been  strong  in  growth,  the  colour  is 
as  bright  and  dense  as  at  any  period  of  this  season, 
Such  weather  as  we  have  recently  been  having  cannot 
be  expected  to  continue  at  this  advanced  time  of  year, 
and  a  watchful  eye  must  be  kept  over  tender  subjects 
which  it  is  desirable  to  preserve  for  next  season's  dis- 
play. It  is  scarcely  safe  to  allow  Tree  Ferns,  Palms, 
Cycads,  and  other  greenhouse  subjects  to  be  out-of- 
door?,  as  a  change  of  wind  may  bring  frost  on  any  night. 
Much  time  will  have  to  be  given  to  sweeping  leaves 
off  lawns  and  walks,  so  as  to  keep  them  neat  and  tidy. 

Wintering  Bedding  Plants. 
The  housing  of  bedding  plants  will  now  demand 
immediate  attention  ;  where  structures  are  at  com- 
mand for  the  special  purpose  of  wintering  these,  the 
work  is  easy  of  accomplishment,  but  unfortunately 
there  are  exceptions,  and  as  a  general  thing  bedding 
plants  have  to  be  huddled  into  all  kinds  of  structures. 
Pelargoniums  will  winter  well  in  a  Peach-house, 
where  a  sufficiency  of  heat,  can  be  commanded  to  ex- 
clude frost.  Allow  them  all  the  air  possible,  and 
never  shut  the  house  up  unless  during  cutting  winds 
and  frosts.  The  same  situation  will  be  found  to 
answer  for  Koeniga  variegata,  Trop?2olums,  Mesem- 
bryanthemums,  Heliotropes,  Petunias,  Verbenas,  &c, 
keeping  them  as  near  the  glass  as  possible  to  prevent 
them  from  drawing.  Coleus,  Iresines,  Alternantheras, 
and  the  more  lender  subjects  must  be  wintered  in  a 
warm  house  near  the  gla^s  ;  in  fact,  they  winter  most 
successfully  when  kept  gradually  on  the  move  during 
the  winter  months,  but  great  judgment  must  be  exer- 
cised in  the  administering  of  water.  Calceolarias, 
Gazinias,  Violas,  Chrysanthemums,  Phloxes,  Antir- 
rhinums, Pentstemons,  and  other  hardy  cuttings,  may 
be  still  put  in  to  strike,  but  the  sooner  this  is  done 
the  better. 

Sowing, 

A  successional  sowing  of  the  following  hardy 
annuals  may  still  be  made  in  sheltered,  but  not 
shady,  positions,  on  light  but  not  rich  soil  : — 
Alyssum  marilimum,  white  ;  Bartonia  aurea,  yellow  ; 
Calliopsis,  yellow  spotted  ;  Candytuft,  white,  lilac, 
and  purple  ;  Leptosiphon  densifioru?,  lilac  and  white ; 
Gilia  tricolor,  white,  lilac,  and  purple  ;  Eutoca  viscida, 
dark  blue  ;  Eschscholtzia  californica,  yellow  ;  Erysi- 
mum Peroffjkianum,  orange  :  CoUnsia  bicolor,  purple 
and  white  ;  C.  grandiflora,  blue  and  purple  ;  C.  verna, 
blue  and  white ;  Limnanthes  Douglasii,  white  and 
yellow;  Lupinus  nanus,  blue  and  white;  Malope 
grandiflora,  crimson ;  Nemophila  insignis,  blue  ; 
Saponaria  cahbrica,  pink  ;  Silene  pendula,  pink  ; 
Virginian  Slock,  red  and  while  ;  Specularia  speculum, 
blue,  lilac,  and  white.  Should  slugs  prove  trouble- 
some a  few  Cabbage  or  Lettuce  leaves  distributed 
over  the  beds  will  be  found  a  good  remedy  for  them. 
They  should  be  turned  over  every  morning  and 
examined. 

Sweet  Peas  may  be  sown  in  sheltered  positions. 
They  are  perfectly  hardy,  and  if  staked  when  a  few 
inches  high,  they  will  bloom  in  the  spring  and  be 
much  appreciated. 

Spring  Bedding. 
Where  spring  bedding  is  carried  out  everything 
should  now  be  decided  upon,  and  the  earliest  oppor 
tunity  should  be  taken  10  prepare  the  beds  for  Ilya^ 
cinths.  Tulips,  &c.  They  should  be  well  dug  up, 
and  have  a  few  inches  of  leaf-mould,  or  well-decayed 
manure,  mixed  with  the  soil.  Very  pretty  arrange 
raents  can  be  made  with  bulbs  if  planted  in  colours, 
Keep  the  white  towards  the  centre  of  the  beds,  and 
then  the  pinks,  scarlets,  and  blues,  using  an  edging 
of  Cerastium,  Aubrietia,  or  any  hardy  subject.  Many 
of  the  carpet  beds  may  be  made  to  serve  for  spring 
beds  by  substituting  hardy  plants  for  such  as  Coleus, 
Iresine,  and  Alternanthera.  Daisies  will  make  a  good 
substitute  for  the  latter,  and  Myosotis  dissitiflora  will 
creditably  take  the  place  of  Lobelias.     Then  there 


7hE    'pRCHID     j40U^E3. 

P  H  A  L  /IC  N  O  P  S  I  S. 

The  remark  that  these  grow  best  in  old  houses  is 
often  heard  ;  I  think  this  is  due  to  their  getting  a 
regular  supply  of  air  and  nol  too  much  at  one  lime, 
for  I  believe  that  a  sudden  drying  of  the  house 
during  hot  weather,  caused  by  too  much  ventilation, 
is  a  greater  check  to  these  plants  than  a  low  night 
temperature.  Nearly  all  the  modern  houses  are  built 
with  simultaneous  ventilators,  and  this  is  often  over- 
looked when  air  is  given,  as  many  people  I  have 
noticed  will  open  a  continuous  ventilator  as  wide  as 
they  do  when  there  are  only  a  few  detached  ventila- 
tors here  and  there. 

We  have  tried  different  experiments  here  for 
Pbal^enopsis.  A  few  years  ago  a  house  was  fitted 
up  that  one  might  have  thought  was  almost  perfect  ; 
hot-water  pipes  were  made  to  pass  through  troughs 
so  that  the  air  on  entering  the  house  might  carry  with 
it  warmth  and  moisture.  A  high  temperature  was 
kept  up  and  the  house  was  closed  in  the  afternoons  in 
time  to  secure  plenty  of  sun-heat.  Under  this  treat- 
ment the  plants  grew  freely,  some  making  leaves  12 
to  15  inches  long,  but  their  career  was  soon  cut  short  ; 
on  one  very  hot  day  the  leaves  seemed  to  melt,  and 
in  a  few  days  all  the  fine  foliage  had  disappeared,  but 
they  did  not  lose  their  centres  and  having  plenty  of 
roots  soon  grew  again,  but  it  was  thought  wise  to  fall 
back  on  the  old  system  and  have  patience.  I  men- 
tion this  to  show  thai  these  plants  can  be  easily  made 
to  grow  too  rapidly,  for  a  time  at  least.  But  what  we 
should  endeavour  to  accomplish  is,  to  keep  them  in 
health  for  many  years. 

There  is  another  fault  with  many  new  houses  : 
they  are  built  with  the  idea  of  having  an  almost  too 
clean  and  neat  appearance  rather  than  for  the  well- 
doing of  the  plants,  and  not  enough  provision  is  m.xde 
to  hold  moisture  that  would  be  drawn  upon  when  the 
atmosphere  of  the  house  became  dry.  It  is  all  very 
well  to  have  plenty  of  evaporating  troughs  on  the 
pipes,  but  these  do  not  act  in  summer,  when  moisture 
is  most  required,  and  in  winter  they  give  off  a  rather 
unnatural  vapour,  different  to  that  which  the  Orchids 
enjoy  in  their  native  quarters.  Some  people  think 
that  plenty  of  open  tanks  in  a  house  helps  to  keep  the 
air  moist,  but  I  think  I  have  proved  with  hygro- 
meters that  very  little  comes  from  these  without  hot- 
water  pipes  to  assist  them.  It  is  a  question  whether 
a  large  surface  of  cold  water  in  a  heated  house  does 
not  act  as  a  condenser,  drawing  moisture  from  the  air. 
In  ventilating  the  Phalceuopsis-house  I  find  it  answers 
well  not  to  have  both  bottom  and  top  ventilator;  open 
at  the  same  time,  but  during  summer  to  give  air  only 
at  the  top  ;  but  besides  this  there  is  an  opening  of 
about  half  an  inch  at  the  eaves,  which  is  never  closed 
night  or  day  while  the  weather  keeps  warm.  In 
winter  the  bottom  ventilators  are  used  more. 

During  the  present  month  we  might  expect  dull 
foggy  weather  at  times,  also  a  few  degrees  of  frost  ; 
therefore  it  is  safer  to  keep  a  little  heat  in  the  pipes, 
even  if  the  temperature  is  rather  high.  The  present 
is  a  very  good  time  to  go  over  the  plants,  picking  out 
all  sphagnum  which  has  become  rotten.  Take  care 
not  to  touch  the  points  of  the  roots  now,  as  these  are 
in  a  growing  sta'e.  There  is  generally  sufficient 
growing  sphagnum  about  the  plants  to  lop-dress  them 
with.  It  is  better  to  add  a  few  new  crocks  instead 
of  so  much  top-dressing  at  this  time  of  year.  Cover 
the  roots  as  little  as  possible,  otherwise  during 
winter  they  rot  off  close  to  the  plant  ;  although  they 
keep  alive  where  they  cling  about  the  basket  or 
cylinder,  they  are  of  little  use  when  the  fleshy  part 
near  the  plant  has  decayed. 

Miscellaneous, 
Many  of  the  Cattleyas  that  have  not  finished  their 
growth  will  require  careful  watering.  If  too  much 
moisture  accumulates  within  that  part  which  encases 
the  bulb,  keep  the  plant  drier,  or  if  it  looks  likely  to 
rot  the  bulb  the  casing  might  [be  just  slit  with  the 
point  of  a  knife,  which  will  cause  the  moisture  to  dry 
out.  While  we  get  bright  days  this  month  well  damp 
all  the  houses  through  the  warmest  part  of  the  day, 
while  there  is  plenty  of  air  on,  instead  of  damping 
after  they  ar»  closed  ;  but  later  in  the  season,  when 


OCTOUER  9.    lSS6.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


463 


more  fire-heat  is  necessary,  this  can  be  reversed.  If 
a  house  be  set  apart  for  Dendrobes  that  have  finished 
growinj;,  a  dry  atmosphere,  with  plenty  of  ventilation, 
will  suit  them.  Where  OJontoglossum  Phalrenopsis 
and  O.  vexillarium  have  been  placed  in  the  cool- 
house  for  the  summer,  they  should  now  be  returned  to 
the  coolest  end  of  the  intermediate-house.  The  tem- 
peratures for  the  present,  without  sun-heat,  should  be  : 
—East  India-house  70°— 75°  by  day,  65°— 70°  at 
night  ;  Cattleya-house,  65°— 70°  by  day,  and  60°— 65° 
at  night  ;  these  temperatures  should  vary  with  that  of 
the  outside.  The  cool-house,  if  closed  at  night,  will 
do  without  fire-heat  while  it  keeps  near  50°.  (In  last 
Calendar,  on  Odontoglossums,  it  should  have  been, 
"Tear  the  moss  away  rather  deeply,  then  pinch  oft 
the   green   heads   to   top-dress    with.)    C.    VVoolfordy 


pLAJ^T^  AND  THEIR  -^ULTU^E. 


WINTER  ELOOMERS. 
PoiNSETTlAS  should  be  shifted  on  as  they  fill  thc'r 
pots  until  the  size  required  is  reached  ;  those  which 
have  filled  their  allotted  size  with  roots  must  have  a 
constant  supply  of  liquid  manure  as  well  as  a  liitle 
fertiliser  of  some  kind  twice  a  week,  giving  ihcm 
space  to  develope  their  foliage  fully.  Admit  air  freely 
on  all  favourable  occasions,  so  as  to  keep  them  stocky  ; 
and  if  the  pots  can  be  plunged  in  a  mild  bottom-heat 
so  much  the  better.  Avoid  a  damp  dank  atmosphere, 
as  fine  evenly  developed  bracts  are  produced  only  by 
keeping  the  plants  near  the  glass  with  air.  Continue 
to  propagate  for  late  work,  for,  notwithstanding  that 
they  are  looked  upon  as  autumn  and  winter  decora- 
tive plants,  Poinsettias  are  useful  for  late  spring  use. 
I  had  last  season  a  nice  batch  in  7inch  plants  that 
retained  their  leaves  and  bracts  bright  and  fresh  up 
till  June.  Euphorbia  jacquiniflora  is  another  fine 
useful  plant  which  admits  of  the  same  treatment  as  the 
Poinsellia,  with  the  exception  that  the  watering  at 
Ihe  roots  must  be  done  with  much  care,  excess  of 
water  causing  Ihe  stems  to  rot  off  at  the  collar,  or  to 
lose  their  bottom  leaves.  The  plant  may  still  be 
increased  by  cutting?,  and  young  stock  may  be 
shifted.  All  plants  standing  in  borders  should  have 
their  growths  regulated,  and  the  points  trained 
to-rards  the  glass. 

BOUVARDIAS. 

Any  specimens  of  these  which  were  lifted  a  short 
time  ago  will  now  have  got  fairly  established,  and 
should  be  picked  over,  and  the  shoots  regulated  and 
lied  in  a  liitle,  giving  them  a  little  manure-water  to 
assist  them  when  throwing  up  their  trusses  and  ex- 
panding their  blooms  ;  the  double  varieties  are  useful 
for  winter  and  spring  use.  Those  fine  double  varie- 
ties, Alfred  Neuner  and  President  Garfield,  are  now 
well  known,  but  the  newer  varieties,  Triomphe  de 
Nancy,  Sang  Lorraine,  and  Victor  Lemoine  are  fine 
additions  to  this  class,  and  should  be  grown  in  every 
collection.  The  stock  of  these  should  not  be  allowed 
to  flower  for  the  present,  but  must  be  encouraged  to 
grow.  Look  well  over  all  kinds  of  winter  and  spring 
stock,  and  if  there  be  more  plants  wanted  for  forcing, 
these  should  be  obtained  without  delay,  and  potted 
and  plunged  in  coal  ashes  until  required.  A.  E:a/is, 
Lythc  Hill. 


]*^F^UIT3     ^NDEF(     <^LA33. 


PEACHES. 
Trees  should  be  examined  directly  after  the  fruits 
have  been  gathered,  and  all  spurs  resulting  from 
summer  pinching  cut  away,  together  with  any  shoots 
of  last  year's  growth  that  in  the  usual  way  would  have 
to  be  removed  two  or  three  months  hence,  at  the 
winter  pruning.  This  will  let  in  plenty  of  light  among 
the  branches,  and  assist  thereby  to  ripen  the  wood 
better  than  would  otherwise  be  the  case.  Any  trees  of 
shy-bearing  varieties  which,  in  consequence  of  the  light 
crops  which  they  bore  this  season,  have  made  too 
luxuriant  growth,  should,  with  a  view  to  encouraging 
the  formation  of  fruit-buds,  have  a  trench  about 
2  feet  deep  opened  at  3  feet  from  the  base  of  the  trees, 
cutting  all  the  roots  close  back  to  that  distance  with  a 
sharp  knife,  afterwards  refilling  the  trench. 


Figs. 
Trees  of  these  which  have  made  too  much  wood 
should  be  operated  on  in  the  same  manner  as  recom- 
mended for  Peaches,  for  the  purpose  of  checking 
growth,  and  to  promote  the  formation  of  embryo 
fruits  on  the  said  shoots,  which,  owing  to  the  slight 
check  thus  given  ti  the  trees  by  the  severance  of, 
perhaps,  several  thick  roots,  will  form  in  the  axils  of 
the  leaves  before  the  fall  of  the  latter.  //.  //'.  Ward^ 
Longford  Cast  e. 


J^ARDY     "pRUIT    '(^ARDEJM. 


THE  STRAWBERRY  BEDS 
should  be  finally  looked  over  and  all  runners  removed 
from  the  plants.  If  the  old  mulching  has  been  lightly 
turned  under  the  surface  soil,  as  was  recommended  in 
a  former  Calendar,  but  few  weeds  will  now  be  found 
between  the  rows.  Any  that  there  are  should  be 
cleared  away  forthwith  by  hand  weeding,  as  it  is  bene- 
ficial to  the  plinis  to  keep  the  soil  open  and  loose  on 
the  surface  throughout  the  winter  months.  Young 
plantations  of  Sirawbercies  made  in  August  and 
beginning  of  September,  and  where  no  mulching  was 
given,  should  likewise  have  the  surface  soil  between 
the  rows  lightly  loosened  with  the  fork,  in  order  to 
allow  the  winter  rains,  &c.,  to  pass  quickly  from  the 
surface. 

Wall   Trees. 

The  nailing  of  trees  should  now  be  commenced  and 
pushed  on  as  fast  as  possible  before  the  cold  weather 
sets  in.  It  is  not  necessary  to  wait  until  the  foliage  has 
all  dropped  before  making  a  start,  especially  where 
the  walls  are  extensive.  We  generally  take  the 
Apricot  trees  first,  doing  all  the  necessary  nailing, 
and  leaving  the  final  touch  to  the  spur-pruning  until 
the  leaves  have  fallen.  We  have  just  gathered  the 
last  of  our  outdoor  Peaches  and  placed  the  fruit  in 
the  late  vinery,  where  they  will  ripen  by  degrees  as 
they  are  required.  Dassert  Plums,  such  as  Guthrie's 
Late  Green,  Coe's  G  jlden  Dtop,  and  Ickworth  Im- 
pcratrice,  are  much  improved  for  this  purpose  by 
similar  treatment,  gathering  a  few  dozens  at  a  time. 

The  best  culinary  Plum  we  have  ripe  at  this  dite  is 
Belle  de  Septembre,  which  is  larger  than  the 
generality  of  late  varieties.  All  late  Apples  and 
Pears  will  be  as  well  gathered  in  by  the  end  of  the 
third  week  in  this  month,  but  much  will  depend  upon 
the  state  of  the  weather.  When  harvesting  these  late 
ripening  fruits  thought  must  be  taken  of  the  situation 
of  the  trees. 

Fruit  Gathering. 
Standard  trees  heavily  cropped  and  in  exposed  posi- 
tions, should  have  their  crop  gathered  at  once  should 
rou^h  windy  weather  set  in,  or  one  half  the  crop  may 
be  blown  off  in  a  single  day  and  may  be  rendered 
only  fit  for  immediate  use.  Generally  speaking, 
late  fruits  are  in  a  much  more  advanced  state  of 
maturity  than  they  were  at  the  corresponding  lime  last 
year.  Undoubtedly  this  has  been  brought  on  by  the 
unusually  dry  state  of  the  subsoil  as  compared  with 
several  preceding  seasons,  nevertheless,  the  fruit  does 
not  seem  to  have  degenerated  in  size  on  this  account. 
As  the  late  varieties  of  Pears  are  being  placed  upon  the 
shelves  of  the  fruit-room  all  defective  fruits  should  be 
kept  by  themselves  ;  particular  attention  to  this  saves 
a  lot  of  labour  later  on,  to  say  nothing  about  the 
damage  done  to  the  bulk  by  constantly  having  to 
move  them  about,  in  order  to  remove  decayed  fruits 
which  should  not  have  been  placed  amongst  those 
stored  with  the  intention  of  long  keeping.  Wal- 
nuts should  be  knocked  off  the  trees  about  the  middle 
of  the  month,  and  all  those  which  free  themselves 
from  the  husk,  after  being  wiped  over  and  put  out  to 
dry  are  fit  for  immediate  use.  The  remainder  which 
are  not  quite  ready  to  leave  the  husk,  should  be  put 
on  a  dry  shelf  until  they  part  freely,  when  the  shells 
can  be  cleaned  and  the  nuts  stored  in  a  dry  cool  place 
in  perfectly  dry  sand  or  sawdust.  G.  H,  Richards, 
Somerky  Gardens,  Ringwood. 


K.iLMPFERiA  ATROVIRENS. — This  is  a  newly  in- 
troduced Bornean  stove  plant,  with  long  sheathing 
leaves  and  oblong  acute  blades.  The  flowers  are 
\\  inch  in  diameter,  deep  vioI;t  with  a  vellow  blotch 
at  the  base  of  the  lip.  It  is  figured  in  the  Illustration 
Horticole,  t.  6 10. 


LIFTING  AND  STORING  ROOTS. 
Most  of  the  root  crops  will  no«  be  in  a  condition 
for  lifting  and  storing  ;  opportunities  should,  there- 
fore, be  taken  during  intervals  of  dry  weather  to 
secure  the  respective  crops,  and  of  storing  them 
whilst  in  a  dry  condition.  A  cool  cellar  or  shed, 
secure  from  frost,  is  best  adapted  fjr  this  purpose, 
and  where  the  roots  can  be  slacked  in  moderate  and 
convenient  quantities,  and  occasionally  looked  over  ; 
unles;  the  slructuri  is  a  dark  one  and  free  from 
draughts  the  roots  should  be  covered  with  some 
kind  of  dry  litter  or  bracken,  or,  better  still,  packed 
in  brick  bins  constructed  for  the  puropose,  and  covered 
with  dry  sand  or  sifted  ashes. 

Beetroots 
will  be  one  of  Ihe  fir.-t  to  be  secured,  and  to  ensure 
their  being  of  a  good  colour  will  require  more  care 
in  lifting  than  any  other  ;  the  roots  should  be  lifted 
as  intact  as  possible,  and  without  being  bruised  or 
damaged  in  any  way,  nothing  being  removed  from 
them  with  the  exception  of  a  few  of  the  outer  and 
decayed  leaves,  which  should  be  twisted  or  pulled  off 
before  removing  them  to  the  root-shed,  where  they 
can  be  stacked,  leaves  outward,  until  these  have 
withered  away,  and  afterwards  finally  cleaned  over 
and  stored. 

Salsift,  .Scorzonera,  and  Chicory,  &c. 
These  should  follow,  and  any  small,  deformed,  or 
otherwise  useless  roots  discarded  at  the  time  of  storing. 
Of  the  latter  a  few  roots  should  be  planted  in  pots  ot 
boxes,  and  placed  in  the  Mushroom-house  to  produce 
bleached  leaves  for  the  salad. 

Tt/RNIPS. 
These  should  be  pulled  when  large  enough  for  use, 
and  before  they  become  tough  and  leathery,  at  inter- 
vals during  the  winter  ;  Turnips,  unless  the  weather 
be  very  severe,  will  continue  to  grow  most  of  the 
winter.  Large  full  grown  roots  of  these  suffer  mo<:t 
from  severe  weather,  the  action  of  the  frost  cau'-ing 
them  to  split  and  afterwards  rot,  whereas  the  smaller 
ones  frequently  escape,  and  during  mild  intervals 
continue  to  grow  up  to  Christmas. 

Parsnips  and  Carrots. 
Generally  the  former  are  best  lifted  from  the  ground 
as  required  for  use,  until  they  commence  to  grow  in 
spring,  but  in  some  cases,  where  the  ground  is 
na'urally  wet,  and  the  roots  given  to  canker,  they  are 
best  lifted  and  stored.  All  the  main  cropi  of  Carrots 
should  be  taken  up,  assorted,  and  stored.  The  late 
sowings  of  the  Horn  section,  for  use  in  a  small  state, 
may  be  allowed  to  remain  in  the  ground  for  some 
time  longer. 

Jerusalem  Artichokes, 

being  practically  hardy,  may  be  lifted  at  any  time 
before  spring,  but  it  is  best  to  have  a  supply  on  hand. 
Provision  should  be  made  for  next  year's  plantinij,  by 
putting  on  one  side  a  portion  of  the  smaller  and  best- 
shaped  tubers  for  seed.  Where  suitable  and  proper 
storage  spice  cannot  be  alTirded  under  cover,  ail 
the  roots  mentioned  can  be  wintered  in  pits  outside, 
the  essential  conditions  being  that  too  many  are  not 
placed  together  to  become  heated  and  rotten,  and 
also  that  rain  and  frost  are  effectually  excluded. 

Rhubarb  and  Seakale  for  Forcing. 

To  prepare  and  hasten  the  ripening  of  the  crowns, 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  each  for  the  first  batch  should 
be  partially  lifted, by  having  a  digging-fork  or  spade 
thrust  under  them,  and  prised  high  enough  to  break 
off  and  separate  some  of  the  largest  and  most  fleshy 
ro.jts,  the  individual  plants  being  allowed  to  settle 
d')wn  again  into  their  former  positions  until  they  are 
deemed  ready  for  removal  to  their  forcing  quarters. 

General  Work. 

Keep  the  surface  of  the  soil  hoed  between  Lettuce. 
Cabbage,  and  the  like,  and  make  another  planting  of 
the  latter  ;  earth-up  the  earliest  and  most  forward 
plantations,  taking  the  precaution  before  doing  so  to 
give  the  whole  surface  a  good  dusting  of  quick-lime 
to  check  and  destroy  slugs  ;  the  same  remark  also 
applies  to  Celery,  which  should  be  treated  in  a  like 
manner  prior  to  each  earthing.  Plots  of  ground  as 
they  become  vacant  should  be  manured  if  necessary, 
and  trenched  or  dug  over  as  the  case  may  be,  allowing 
the  surface  to  remain  as  open  and  rough  as  possibk , 
^ohn  Austin,  Witley  Court  Gardens. 


464 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  g,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

fSale  of    Bulbs  from   Holland,  at  Stevens' 

Rooms. 
I  Sale  of  flulbs  from  Holland,  at  Protheroe  ft 
MnNnAV  nrr    it  i       Morris' Rooms. 

MONDAY,  Uct.  II  <  Conl.nuation  of  Sale  at  Cranston's  Nursery, 

Hereford,  and  till  the  i4th  insL 
I  Sale  of  Orchids  at  the  Castle  Nursery, 
L  Lower  Norwood,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris, 
r  Royal  Horticultural  Society  :  Meetings  ol 
I  the  Fruit  and  Floral  Committees,  at 
and  Show  of  Hardy  Fruits  (two 


t  Prothei 
I  Saleol  Dutch  Bulbs,  a 
r  Meeting  ol  the    Nai 


Rooms, 
lal  Chrysanthem 


Wednesday,  Oct.  13  \     M 


the  Royal  Aquai 
Sale  of  Plants,  Bulbs,  &c,  at  Prothcrc 


Thursday,     Oct.  14  .• 


Saturday,       Oct. 


Elvaston  Nurseries,  Borrowash,  by  Pro- 
I     theroe  &  Morris. 

SSale  of  Imported  Orchids  and  of  Orchids  in 
Fl. 
Sale 


Sale  of  Established  Orchids, 

Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  the  Wood  Lane 


Protherc 

7  -       ■  ■ 
Nursery,     Isleworth,    by     Prothcrt 

Sa|e  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

tch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


t  Sale  of  Dutc 
16  X       Rooms. 
).  Sale  ol  Dutc 


THE  islands  of  Jersey  and  Guernsey 
have  long  been  celebrated  for  their  mag- 
nificent Pears  (Chaumontels)  and  the  supply  of 
early  Potatos  and  other  choice  vegetables  for 
the  London  markets.  Of  late  years  a  new 
trade  nas  sprung  up — that  o(  Grapes  and 
Tomatos — which  already  in  extent  and  import- 
ance seems  destined  to  eclipse  all  others. 
Great  quantities  of  Grapes  and  Tomatos  are 
now  cultivated  in  all  parts  of  the  country  and 
for  sale,  but  it  is  as  nothing  in  comparison  with 
the  enormous  supplies  coming  from  these  islands. 
Something  akin  to  astonishment  must  be  ex- 
pressed at  the  extremely  rapid  development  of 
this  trade.  In  Guernsey  especially  the  erection 
of  so  much  glass  has  already  quite  transformed 
the  appearance  of  the  island.  Glass  every- 
where I  It  may  well  be  termed  the  island  of 
glass  1  Glass  !  House  after  house,  vinery  suc- 
ceeding vinery  !— it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say 
literally  by  the  mile,  meet  the  eye  in  every 
direction.  In  certain  parts  they  seem  to  be 
attached  to  every  dwelling,  to  form  a  part  of 
every  holding — in  some  cases  scores  of  large 
houses,  covering  acres  of  ground,  in  others  a 
single  house  or  two  tended  by  the  industrious 
labourer  in  his  spare  hours,  with  the  assistance 
of  his  wife  and  family. 

Favoured  by  Nature  with  a  mild  warm  climate 
and  a  fertile  soil,  the  cultivation  of  Grapes  of  a 
certain  quality  is  by  no  means  a  difficult  matter, 
Glass  has  been,  however,  found  necessary, 
although  little  or  no  firing'is  required  excepting  it 
may  be  for  the  early  or  late  crops— those  from 
heated  houses  being  termed  hothouse  Grapes, 
and  from  unheated  houses  greenhouse  Grapes. 
A  great  quantity  of  the  Grapes  grown  are,  it 
must  be  admitted,  very  inferior,  the  Vines  are 
overcropped— a  little  more  attention  to  their 
cultivation  would  be  of  great  advantage.  The 
wonder  seems  to  be  now — that  this  trade  should 
have  been  allowed  to  slumber  so  long.  The 
supply  of  good  cheap  Grapes  has  never  been 
equal  to  the  demand.  "  Good  Grapes  are 
always  dear,  and  when  scarce  very  dear,"  as  a 
writer  in  the  5/a«ii'<j/vf  remarked  the  other  day. 
The  variety  of  Grapes  grown  in  Guernsey  is 
chiefly  the  Black  Hamburgh.  These  are  cut 
as  soon  as  they  are  ripe,  packed  in  baskets 
containing  about  16  lb.  each,  and  sent  off  to 
the  London  markets,  being  consigned  to  Covent 
Garden  salesmen,  and  sold  generally  by  public 
auction.  Prices  vary  according  to  season  and 
the  quality  of  the  fruit,  good  Grapes  being 
often  sold  at  grf.  and  \s.  per  pound,  and  those 
of  inferior  quality  at  much  less.  When  from 
this  have  to  be  deducted  cost  of  carriage,  com- 
mission, and  other  charges,  the  prices  returned 
to  the  grower  are  often  ridiculously  small.  One 
grower  remarked  to  us  that  being  in  Covent 
Garden  once  he  saw  his  own  Grapes  sold,  and 
for  which  he  was  to  receive  i.f.  dd.  per  pound. 
Wishing  to  send  some  to  a  sick  friend  in  the 


afternoon  he  went  to  a  shop  and  had  to  pur- 
chase his  own  Grapes  at  no  less  than  6j.  per 
pound. 

It  seems  interesting  to  ascertain  what  may 
have  been  the  direct  cause  of  the  rapid  de- 
velopment of  this  trade.  It  is  not  far  to  seek. 
It  is  undoubtedly  the  growing  taste  for 
Tomatos.  No  other  plant  grown  has  become 
so  universal  a  favourite  in  so  short  a  time  as 
the  Tomato.  Twenty  years  ago  Tomatos  were 
comparatively  unknown  and  generally  disliked  ; 
to-day  they  are  the  most  popular  ol  all  veget- 
ables— relished  alike  by  youth  and  age.  It  is 
this  demand  for  Tomatos— this  crop  requiring 
somewhat  similar  accommodation  to  Grapes  — 
that  has  enabled  Guernsey  farmers  to  invest 
their  capital  in  the  erection  of  so  much  glass. 
Grapes  take  a  few  years  to  establish  and  to 
make  a  return  for  the  outlay— Tomatos  make 
an  immediate  return,  they  being  grown  in  the 
same  house  as  the  Grapes  until  the  latter 
become  established.  Thus  Grapes  and  To- 
matos become  associated  together,  and  together 
make  a  more  and  more  profitable  return  to  the 
grower  than  would  otherwise  be  the  case.  The 
amount  of  capital  invested  in  this  trade  must  be 
considerable,  and  the  employment  afforded  to 
the  people  of  the  greatest  importance. 

To  the  question — Does  it  pay  ?  there  seemed 
to  be  but  one  answer — Yes.  At  the  time  of 
our  visit  (the  end  of  August)  the  trade  in  Grapes 
and  Tomatos  seemed  to  be  at  its  height.  We 
seemed  to  meet  them  everywhere,  but  all  bound 
for  London.  It  is  a  pretty  sight  to  watch  the 
loading  of  the  Southampton  steamer  with 
thousands  of  neat  baskets  from  the  carts  that 
keep  arriving  up  to  the  last  minute.  Where 
room  can  be  found  for  them  all,  or  how  they 
can  be  packed,  seems  a  mystery.  In  one  day 
over  2003  baskets  of  Tomatos  left  the  island 
of  Guernsey  by  the  Southampton  steamers. 
This  gives  some  idea  of  the  enormous  trade 
existing.  The  following  figures,  received  on 
official  authority,  will  serve  to  show  the  rapid 
increase  of  the  trade  : — 


Na.  of  Baskets  sent  by  Hie  Sonthamjiton  Rente. 
1881,  Tomatos    ..     16,072        ..        Grapes  ..     a 

18S2,          „        .       21,025 
■883 34,619 


=8.253 
40,284 
49,268 


And  in  the  year  1885,  quoting  from  the  official 
statement  submitted  to  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, there  were  no  fewer  than  60,000  packages 
of  Grapes  exported,  representing  a  total  weight 
of  500  tons,  valued  at  ^£40,000,  and  of  Tomatos 
about  a  similar  quantity.  The  population  of 
the  island  of  Guernsey  does  not  exceed  40,000, 
so  that  the  value  of  the  Grapes  and  Tomatos 
alone,  ^80,000,  is  equal  to  £2  per  head  of  the 
entire  population.  Very  few  countries  can 
show  such  a  satisfactory  return  as  this.  No 
wonder  that  these  islanders  are  happy  and 
contented  with  their  Home  Rule  ! 

Jersey  is  not  so  completely  covered  by  glass 
as  its  sister,  Guernsey ;  several  of  the  most 
extensive  and  important  establishments  are, 
however,  to  be  seen  here  :  we  need  only  men- 
tion the  old  establishment  of  Mr.  PoND— one 
of  the  first  large  growers  in  the  island.  The 
long  narrow  houses,  tier  above  tier,  on  the 
steep  terraces,  are  very  quaint.  In  direct  con- 
trast to  this  is  the  modern  monster  establish- 
ment of  Mr.  Bashford,  near  St.  Heliers.  We 
are  almost  afraid  to  say  how  much  glass  there 
may  be,  but  we  have  it  on  our  notes  as  about 
33,000  square  feet,  or  2^  miles  of  houses  in 
length. 

The  houses  are  all  span-roofed  and  of  gigantic 
proportions,  one  480  feet  long  and  44  feet  in 
width  ;  another  890  feet  long  and  33  feet  wide, 
and  so  on.  These  are  all,  with  one  exception, 
devoted  to  the  culture  of  Tomatos  and  Grapes. 
One  great  house,  however,  is  planted  with 
kidney  Potatos  for  Christmas.  Of  Tomatos 
some   22,000   plants   were    planted   out.     One 


house  contained  5300  plants,  from  which  it  is 
estimated  to  cut  during  the  season  about 
120  tons.  Up  to  the  present  time  Mr.  Bash- 
ford  has  cut  about  90  tons.  The  variety  grown 
is  a  selection  from  Trophy — one  fruit  weighed 
2  lb.  I  oz.  Of  Grapes  the  variety  chiefly  grown 
is  Gros  Colmar,  and  of  this  something  like 
20  tons.  The  sight  in  some  of  the  houses  600 
and  Soo  feet  long  is  truly  magnificent,  the 
size  of  both  bunch  and  berry,  and  the  quality, 
being  all  that  could  be  desired.  These  will  all 
be  marketed  during  the  winter,  and  will  realise 
high  prices.  Apropos  of  this,  Mr.  Bashford 
tells  us  how,  being  once  in  Covent  Garden,  and 
looking  at  some  Gros  Colmars,  remarked  that 
"he  had  some  twice  the  size."  "  If  that  be  so," 
said  the  salesman,  "  I'll  give  you  ds.  per  pound 
for  all  you've  got."  "  Hand  me  a  form,"  said 
Mr.  Bashford  ;   on  which   he  wrote,  "  Send 

Mr. 6  tons  of  Gros  Colmars  at  once  !  "  One 

of  the  grandest  sights  here,  however,  must  be 
the  fruit-room,  when  filled,  containing  10,000 
bunches  of  Grapes  in  bottles. 


Larix  Griffithil— The  history  of  this  tree 

has  been  given  so  recently  in  these  columns  by  Sir 
Joseph  Hooker  (see  p.  95),  that  we  should  not  have 
reverted  to  it  were  it  not  for  the  doubt  expressed, 
whether  cones  had  been  produced  in  this  country. 
The  coneless  plants,  especially  when  young,  are 
difficult  to  distinguish  from  the  commoD  Larch,  and 
hence  probably  many  specimens  considered  to  be  the 
Himalayan  Larch  are  really  of  European  origin.' 
Once,  however,  that  the  cones  are  produced  thtre  is 
no  further  doubt  possible.  The  cones  illustrated  at 
p.  465  (fig.  95)  were  forwarded  to  us  by  Mr. 
Nanscavvkn,  gr.  to  Col.  Trelawnv,  Menheniot, 
Cornwall,  and  were  when  fresh  singularly  beautiful,  the 
deep  orange-brown  of  the  projecting  bracts  contrastiog 
with  the  glaucous  green  of  the  scales.  The  cones 
are  much  larger  than  those  of  any  other  species  of 
Larch.  In  the  seedling  plant  the  seed  leaves  are  five 
or  six  in  number,  linear-pointed  and  much  longer 
than  the  immediately  succeeding  leaves. 

Change   of   Address. — The    address    of 

Messrs.  Follows  &  Bate,  Limited,  Horticultural, 
Agricultural,  and  Domestic  Implement  Makers,  for 
the  future  will  be  Gorton,  Manchester. 

Calceolaria   Bdrbidgei  x.  —  From  Mr. 

BURBIDGE  we  have  received  specimens  of  this  autumn 
flowering  hybrid  said  to  be  a  hybrid  between  C.  fuch- 
sioides  as  the  seed  parent,  and  C.  pavonis,  pollen 
parent.  It  is  a  very  ornamental  plant,  of  robust  habit 
and  large  many-flowered  cymes  of  yellow  flowers — 
altogether  a  very  desirable  plant. 

Sunderland  Parks.— The  post  of  Curator 

of  these  parks  has  been  conferred  by  the  Corporation, 
on  Mr.  W.  H.  Ferguson,  who  for  the  past  six  years 
has  been  in  the  employment  of  Messrs.  Little  & 
Ballantyne,  of  Carlisle,  as  landscape  gardener. 
There  were  175  applicants  for  the  appointment, 

Victoria   Nurseries.— Mr.   G.   Phippen 

informs  us  that  the  business  which  has  been  carried 
on  by  himself  and  the  executor  of  bis  late  father's 
will,  will  be  carried  on  by  himself  solely. 

Seedless  Pears. — Mr.  Burbidgb  sends  us 

from  the  Trinity  College  Botanic  Garden,  Dublin, 
specimens  of  the  Bishop's  Thumb  Pear  of  an  elongated 
oblong  form,  destituteof  core  and  seeds.  These  fruits, 
which  are  merely  swellings  of  the  flower-slalk,  are 
produced  from  the  second  crop  of  blossoms  which  had 
not  energy  enough  to  produce  carpels  (core)  with 
ovules  or  ripe  seeds. 

Bad   Setting   Grapes.  —  Various  causes 

have  been  assigned  for  this  defect,  but  the  most 
reasonable  seems  to  be  deficiency  of  temperature 
accompanied  by  excess  of  moisture.  In  the  German 
vineyards,  according  to  M.  MiiLLER,  this  tendency  to 
set  badly  is  obviated  by  removing  a  ring  of  bark  half 
an  inch  in  depth  below  the  lowest  bunch.  We  have 
beard  of  ringing  fruit  trees,  but  have  never  seen  it 
practised  in  the  case  of  the  Vine.  Probably  the 
partial  cutting  off  the  supplies  of  water  from  the  root 
may  lead    to    the  concentration    and  consolidation 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


465 


I 


Fig.  95.— larix  griffithii  :  the  Himalayan  larch,  grown  in  Cornwall,    (see  p.  464.) 


465 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


LOctober  0,  i8S6. 


above  the  wound  and  consequent  fertility.  A  seed- 
less condition,  as  in  the  Currant  Grape,  is  attributed 
to  defect  of  poilen-power  which  suffices  to  cause  the 
fruit  to  swell,  but  is  not  suflicient  to  qiicken  the  germ 
into  embryo  life. 

"  REiCHENnACHiA."— The  last  part  of  this 

superb  publication  contains  coloured  plates  of — 

Dendrohium  IVardianiiiit,  with  analytical  details 
by  Professor  Reichenbach. 

Liclia  auliimnalisvar.  xantho/ropis. — This  beauti- 
ful species  is  made  use  of  by  the  Mexicans  to  decorate 
their  churches  on  saints'  days,  although  they  have  to 
bring  them  from  a  great  distance.  Sometimes  t'  e 
natives  save  themselves  the  annual  journey  by 
bringing  the  plants  from  the  mountains  to  their  gar- 
dens, where  they  fasten  them  to  the  trees.  These 
plants  are  often  enormous  masses,  from  8  to  20  feet  in 
circumference.  European  botanical  collectors  have 
boked  upon  these  huge  plants  with  envious  eyes,  and 
have  occasionally  been  successful  in  making  a  bargain 
with  their  owners,  and  have  sent  home  the  esta- 
blished plants.  It  is  one  of  those  Orchids  requiring 
all  the  sun,  air,  and  water  that  can  be  given  it 
during  the  growing  period  (May  to  October),  while 
during  the  resting  period  no  water  at  all  should  be 
given,  and  only  sufficient  heat  to  exclude  all  risk  of 
frost. 

PhaLrnopsis  grandi flora  vai:  aurea.—Fot  the 
culture  of  these  plants  great  heal,  copious  moisture, 
and  shade  are  required.  They  are  among  the  most 
difficult  plants  to  import.  Collectors  even  take  the 
trouble  to  ship  casks  of  rain-water  for  the  plants 
during  the  journey,  but  notwithstanding  all  this 
trouble  and  expense  the  plants  often  die  during  the 
passage  through  the  Red  Ssa. 

CaUUya  Lawreiiireatia. ~Tht  history  of  this  plant 
and  its  re-discovery  by  Mr.  SElDLand  Mr,  Im  Thurn 
his  been  given  with  a  portrait  in  our  olumas,  so 
that  we  need  only  add  that  this  plant  succeeds  be^t, 
in  Mr.  Sander's  experience,  at  the  warmest  end  of 
he  Cattleya-house,  exposed  to  full  light  and  sun,  and 
is  best  adapted  for  pot  culture.  After  flowering  it 
should  be  placed  in  a  cooler  part  of  the  house,  and 
allowed  less  water. 

Distribution  of  Plants.— It  is  announced 

that  the  Commissioners  of  Her  Majesty's  Works  and 
Public  Buildings  intend  to  distribute  this  autumn 
among  the  working  classes  and  the  poor  inhabitants 
of  London,  the  surplus  bedding-out  plants  in  Batter- 
sea,  Hyde,  the  Regent's,  and  Victoria  Parks,  and  in 
the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  and  the  Pleasure  Gardens, 
Hampton  Court.  If  the  clergy,  school  committees, 
and  others  interested  will  make  application  to  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Park  nearest  to  their  respective 
parishes,  or  to  the  Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens, 
Kew,  or  to  the  Superintendent  of  Hampton  Court 
Gardens,  in  the  cases  of  persons  residing  in  those 
neighbourhoods,  they  will  receive  early  intimation  of 
the  number  of  plants  that  can  be  allotted  to  each 
applicant,  and  of  the  time  and  manner  of  their  dis- 
tribution. 

Orchid    Nomenclature.  —  We  find   the 

following  remarks  by  Professor  Reichenbach  on  this 
subject  under  the  head  of  PhaL-enopsis  grandiflora 
var  aurea,  in  the  last  number  of  the  Reichenbachia  :— 
"There  has  lately  been  a  great  deal  of  controversy 
respecting  the  nomenclature  of  Orchids  both  by  those 
who  are  versed  in  the  matter,  as  well  as  by  those  who 
are  not.  No  one  seems  to  have  been  successful  in 
formulating  a  plan  on  the  subject  worthy  to  be  fol- 
lowed. Those  who  are  able  to  perceive  the  difference 
between  garden  and  botanical  nomenclature  will 
doubtless  arrive  at  the  conclusion,  that  it  is  not 
possible  to  bring  both  into  harmony,  for  so  long  as 
the  botanist  has  to  serve  garden  interests  he  will 
have  to  study  the  ideas  as  well  .as  the  tastes  of 
amateurs.  This  was  Lindley's  view,  and  it  is  also 
mine.  Of  course,  science  ought  not  to  stand  still  for 
the  sake  of  amateurs ;  on  the  other  hand,  these 
cannot  be  expected  to  follow  every  change 
in  ths  views  of  scientific  men,  as  these  are  often 
founded  upon  circumstances  which  to  an  amateur 
are  unfathomable.  I  have  never  endeavoured  to 
thrust  upon  amateurs  such  undoubtedly  necessary 
changes  as  the  merging  of  the  genus  Caltleya  into 
Epidendrum  or  LiiL-lia,  and  Schoraburgkia  into  the 
genus  Bletia.  The  amateur  is  often  thoroughly  con- 
servative in  nomenclature,  and  many  a  busy  man,  to 
use  Lindley's  own  words,  is  satisfied  when  he  has 
learned  the  oldest  name  of  a  plant.     He  is  generally 


glad  to  dispense  with  the  nicer  distinctions.  In  fact, 
the  plant  is  often  to  him  merely  an  object  of  sport  " 
[fancy].  Professor  Reichenbach  then  gives  the 
history  of  Lindley's  Phalsnopsis  amabilis,  which  is 
really  Phalajnopsis  Aphrodite,  the  true  amabilis  of 
Blume  being  the  same  as  that  which  Lindley  called 
grandiflora.  "  I  do  not,  however,"  continues  the 
Professor,  "  intend  to  press  my  nomenclature  into 
garden  circles,  and  I  think  it  impossible  to  persuade 
amateurs  to  accept  new  Draconian  laws,  or  to  induce 
them  to  rechristen  their  favourites." 

The   Metric   System.— Our  good   friends 

of  the  Biille/in  d'AiboricuIlure  are  making  fun,  as 
well  they  may,  of  our  retention  of  a  stupid  system  of 
weights  and  measures,  and  they  have  found  out  th,at 
in  Covent  Garden,  the  centre  of  London,  the  system 
of  weights  and  measures  is  even  more  idiotic  than 
anywhere  else.  Our  contemporary  details  four  dilfjr- 
ent  kinds  of  punnet,  according  as  the  measure  in 
question  is  filled  with  Seakale,  Radishes,  Mush- 
rooms, or  salading.  There  are  sieves  and  half-sieves, 
bushel  sieves  and  bushel  baskets,  pottles,  hands  of 
very  varied  capacity,  bundles  and  bunches  of  equally 
vague  size.  Our  contemporary  thinks  it  is  a  spirit  of 
patriotism  which  induces  us  to  retain  these  diverse 
and  irrelevant  measures  :  if  so,  it  is  the  patriotism  of 
the  lunatic  asylum. 

Essex  Field  Clue  :  the  Fungus  1'oray, 

l8S6, — We  are  informed  that  the  seventh  annual 
Ciyptogamic  meeting  of  the  Club  will  be  held  on 
Friday  and  Saturday,  October  15  and  16,  in  Epping 
Forest.  It  is  intended  to  devote  the  Friday  to  the 
collecting  of  specimens,  and  to  their  examination  and 
arrangement  by  experts,  and  on  the  Saturday  to  hold 
an  exhibition  of  fresh  and  preserved  botanical  speci- 
mens, microscopical  objects,  drawings,  &c.  The 
exhibition,  which  will  be  confined  to  subjects  from 
the  vegetable  kingdom,  but  not  necessarily  to  the 
Cryplogamia,  although  that  division  will  hold  a  very 
important  place,  will  be  opened  at  about  4  o'clock  on 
Saturday,  October  16,  in  the  large  ball-room  attached 
to  the  "Roebuck"  Inn,  Buckhurst  Hill.  Ample 
time  will  thus  be  afforded  for  its  careful  examination 
by  the  visitors  present. 

Lesi'edsza  striata,  the  Japan  Clover. 

—We  have  been  favoured  by  Messrs.  HURST  & 
Son  with  a  sample  of  seed  of  this  Clover.  The 
seeds  are  in  brown  husks,  and  very  light,  and  when 
rubbed  out  are  like  English  Clover  seed,  but  rather 
more  purple  in  colour.  It  appears  that  the  seeds  are 
sold  in  the  husks ;  a  bushel  weighs  15  lb.  only, 
while  a  bushel  of  English  red  Clover  seed  weighs  from 
64  to  66  lb.  It  would  appear  that  this  Clover  is 
becoming  very  popular  in  the  Southern  and  Sju  h- 
Western  States,  where  it  first  became  widely  known 
as  a  cultivable  plant  eight  or  ten  years  ago,  although 
it  is  said  to  be  indigenous  to  most  parts  of  North 
America.  From  there  we  get  confirmation  of  the  fact 
that  it  stands  the  severest  tests  of  drought  and  wet 
seasons  equally  well,  flourishing  on  all  kinds  of  soil, 
but  growing  most  luxuriantly  upon  good  land,  rich 
in  lime.  All  kinds  of  stock  are  fond  of  it.  It  is 
further  reported  that  it  is  much  used  in  Apple  and 
Peach  orchards,  and  when  once  it  has  obtained  a 
good  hold  of  the  soil  it  goes  far  towards  choking  all 
weeds,  and  most  of  the  wild  grasses. 

Horticultural  Palace  and  Colonial 

Fruit  E.xhidition,— We  read  ihe  following  in  the 
A'cnsing.'on  A'c-.fs  of  October  2,  18S6  :— "  Of  the 
many  schemes  brought  forward  to  unite  the  colonies 
with  the  mother  country  there  is  none  which  appeals 
to  a  refined  and  luxurious  people  more  than  the  one 
now  proposed,  whether  it  will  meet  the  hard-headed 
business  men  of  the  colonies  has  to  be  proved.  The 
promoter,  who  dates  his  letters  from  176,  Erompton 
Road,  S.W.,  tells  us  he  intends  to  rely  on  Nature's 
productions  to  attract  a  public  desirous  of  entertain- 
ment, and  not  overanxious  to  be  improved  or  educated 
in  the  arts,  sciences,  and  'ologies. '  To  read  the 
prospectus  seems  rather  like  a  page  from  the  Arabian 
NiX'i/s  than  a  description  of  a  business  undertaking. 
The  architect's  plans  show  a  building  of  glass  and  iron, 
cruciform  in  shape.  At  the  junction  of  the  nave  and 
transepts  will  be  a  circular  court,  surmounted  by  a 
dome  150  feet  high;  in  this  will  be  placed  a  grand 
organ,  with  galleries  running  round.  The  whole 
of  this  court  and  dome  will  be  filled  in  with 
stained  glass  illustrating  the   history  of   the  British 


Empire  from  the  earliest  limes.  The  glass  in  the  court 
devoted  to  the  fruit  bazaar  will  illustrate  Indian 
subjects.  Running  out  of  the  main  avenue,  which  will 
be  about  400  yards  long,  are  fourteen  conservatories, 
seven  devoted  to  India  and  the  colonies,  and  seven 
to  the  British  Isles.  The  flora  of  each  colony  will 
be  shown  in  the  house  devoted  to  it.  There  will 
be  a  tropical-house  and  a  vinery  and  orchard-houses 
running  round  the  grounds  which  will  be  used  as 
a  promenade.  There  will  be  kiosks  and  tea- 
houses in  the  open  spaces,  an  hotel  and  dining 
club  will  be  erected  at  one  end,  having  a  covered 
entrance  from  Willesden  Junction  Station.  The  club 
is  intended  as  a  rallying  point  for  business  men  con- 
nected with  the  colonies,  and  a  pleasant  resort  for 
others.  The  members  will  have  special  privileges 
for  entrance  to  the  exhibition  lor  Sunday  promenades, 
file  days,  &c.  Turkish  baths  will  be  attached  to  the 
hotel.  Arrangements  are  being  made  for  lines  of  rapid 
steamers  from  the  colonies  exporting  fruit.  All  the 
English  varieties  of  fruit  will  be  on  view  throughout 
the  year,  as  New  Zealand  and  other  places  will  supply 
when  the  home-grown  are  finished.  There  will  be 
competitive  flower  and  fruit  shows  in  every  month  of 
the  year.  A  small  court  is  to  be  devoted  to  colonial 
wines,  European  wines  being  strictly  excluded.  The 
site  comprises  16  acres,  and  is  the  most  accessible 
spot  in  the  London  district  for  an  exhibition,  with 
close  railway  accommodation.  In  addition  to  the 
Willesden  Junction  Stations,  the  Great  Western  main 
line  runs  within  200  yards  of  the  Exhibition  grounds. 
Binds,  electric  illuminations,  the  attractions  of  Kew 
and  South  Kensington  combined,  cannot  fail  of  sup- 
port when  carried  out  on  business  principles.  It  is 
not  intended  to  interfere  with  any  existing  interest, 
and  the  promoter  believes  there  is  room  enough  for 
all  who  honestly  endeavour  to  give  the  public  value 
for  their  money.  It  is  hoped  the  Exhibition  will  be 
ready  for  opening  in  October,  18S7." 

Agricultural  Education.— We  are  glad 

to  find  that  instruction  in  the  principles  of  agriculture 
is  to  be  given  in  many  towns  this  winter.  As  will  be 
seen  from  the  subjoined  programme  of  a  class  to  be 
held  at  Watford,  the  lectures  will  be  to  a  large  extent 
as  useful  to  gardeners  as  to  farmers  ;  — 

.Subject :  .'\gricuUure,  Master  :  J.  W.  Odell  (First- 
class  Certificate,  Special  Training  Course  for  Teachers, 
South  Kensington  Science  School),  The  class  will  meet 
on  Friday,  October  r,  and  succeeding  Fridays,  at 
7,30  p.M,  Fee,  5-t.  for  the  entire  course  of  about  thirty 
l<^ssons,  including  examination  fee. 
The  course  of  lectures  in  Agriculture  will  treat  of : — 
r.  5i7;V,r.— Their  Formation  and  Variations  in  Cha- 
racter—Distribution ol— Classification  of— Chemical  Con- 
stituents of — Causes  of  Fertility. 

2.  Plant  Lift.— Us  Influences— Sources  from  which 
Crops  get  their  Food -Plant  Food  in  the  Soil— Active  and 
Dormant  Matters  in  Soils— Influence  of  the  Mechanical 
Condition  of  the  Soil  on  Plant  Life— Diseases. 

3.  j1/3»;/rM.— Farmyard  Manure,  its  Production,  Com- 
position and  Character— Good  and  B.ad  Management- 
Action  of  Manures  in  the  Soil- Artificial  Manures  ;  Salt, 
Lime,  Chalk,  &c.— Their  Mode  of  Use  and  Special 
Properties. 

4.  Tillage  0/fra/iOTi.  —  Mechanical  and  Chemical 
Changes— Influence  of  .Atmospheric  Agents — Drainage 
of  Land- Influence  on  its  Temperature,  and  on  the 
Health  of  Stock— Choice  of  Crops— Rotation  of  Crops. 

5.  Live  Stock.— The  Economy  of  good  Stock  Manage- 
ment—Special Requirements  for  making  Land  either  a 
good  Dairy  Farm  or  a  good  Sheep  Farm,  or  good 
Grazing  Land. 

6.  Food. — Chemical  Matters  present  in  various  Kinds 
of  Food  :  in  Milk,  Green  Food,  Hay  and  Corn,  &c.— 
The  different  Materials  necessary  for  the  Growth  of  the 
Body— Maintenance  of  Heat— Process  of  Fattening. 

Saponaria  officinalis.- In  Tofografhical 

Botany  it  is  stated  that  this  plant,  although  not  indi- 
genous, is  recorded  for  nearly  all  the  counties  of 
England,  as  well  as  for  some  in  Wales,  where  some 
botanists  consider  it  as  indigenous,  and  in  Scotland. 
It  has  also  been  introduced  to  the  United  States. 
Considered  apart  from  the  fact  of  its  being  frequently 
cultivated  the  rate  of  distribution  in  this  country 
would  have  been  remarkable  especially  for  a  peren- 
nial ;  but  its  rapid  spread  must  be  attributed  in  great 
part  to  its  former  reputed  value  in  medicine,  and  also 
to  its  economic  value  as  a  soap.  Mendicant  friars 
formerly  used  it  for  the  latter  purpose,  bruised  or 
boiled  in  water  ;  and  the  plant,  not  being  indigenous, 
must  have  been  pretty  common  in  cottage  gardens, 
often  rich  repositories  for  old-fashioned  herbs,  flowers, 


OcTOPfcR  9,   188G.I 


THR    GARDENERS'    CMRONICL'E. 


467 


economic  and  other  useful  plants.  The  plant  is  no 
doubt  an  outcast  from  gardens  in  many  of  its  reported 
stations,  and  its  creeping  underground  habit,  coupled 
with  the  fact  that  double-flowered  forms  occur,  would 
support  this  view.  The  latter  form  is  established  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight  at  some  distance  from  houses  or 
gardens.  The  plant  is  recorded  as  raturalised  in  the 
south-west  of  England  and  in  Wales,  but  the  same 
recognition  ought  to  be  made  for  Sussex  on  the  great 
expanse  of  shingly  beach  eastward  from  Easlbourne, 
where  in  some  places  it  is  the  most  prominent  feature 
of  the  vegetation  by  far,  and  flowers  so  profusely  as  to 
give  its  own  tone  of  colour  to  the  shingle.  Almost 
every  shoot  flower?,  the  reverse  of  what  takes  place 
in  gardens  generally,  where  the  flowerless  root-suckers, 
especially  in  rich  soil,  become  a  nuisance  to  all  well- 
behaved  plant?.  This  profuse  flowering  habit  on 
otherwise  almost  barren  shingle  suggests  the  idea  of 
planting  it  in  poor,  gravelly,  or  sandy  soil,  where, 
however,  it  might  have  access  to  sufficient  moisture 
at  the  root.  The  species  is  6gured  in  the  third 
edition  of  Symk's  English  Botany^  t.  197. 

— —  The  Orange  Crop  in  Valencia.  —  As  an 
illustration  of  the  importance  of  the  Orange  crop  in 
Spain,  it  is  stated  that  from  the  port  of  Valencia  alone 
over  3,000,000,000  Oranges  have  been  shipped  in  the 
course  of  one  season.  The  fruits,  which  are  considered 
the  best  of  their  kind  in  Europe,  can  now  be  deli- 
vered in  England  at  9^.  the  box,  leaving  a  fair  margin 
of  profit  to  the  producer. 

Flowers  in  Season. — Mr.  Ewbank  sends 

Ui  from  his  garden  of  floral  treasures  at  Ryde  some 
very  fine  flower-stems  of  Watsonia  rosea,  rosy- 
purple  in  colour,  and  as  high  again  as  the  tallest 
Gladiolus  grown  ;  a  flower  of  the  clear  yellow  Stern- 
bergia  lutea,  a  novel  colour  in  bulbous  flowers  at 
this  season  ;  and  the  whitish-green  flower-spike  of 
Ofoithogalum  lacteum. — Mr.  E.  J.  Lowe,  Shire- 
newton  Hall,  Chepstow,  writes  as  follows:  —  *' I 
have  been  asked  to  send  you  some  blooms  of  a  new 
cross  between  Mimalus  cashmirianus  (of  garden^) 
and  Mimulus  cardinalis,  the  former  the  seed  bearer. 
The  habit  is  that  ot  cashmerianus,  about  6  inches  in 
height,  and  the  flowers,  as  you  will  see,  are  very 
varied  and  brilliant,  and  quite  distinct.  I  only  send 
a  few,  but  there  are  at  least  one  hundred  good 
varieties.  They  are  quite  hardy  and  great  bloomers. 
With  the  Mimulus  are  enclosed  two  of  my  hybrid 
Dahlias.  The  white  one,  Lily,  is  a  pointed-petalled 
flower,  habit  dwarf  and  very  floriferous — to-day  there 
were  seventy-four  blooms  on  one  plant.  The  blooms 
are  more  like  a  Lily  than  a  Dahlia,  and  as  a  boidcr 
flower  it  is  very  etfective.  The  other  Dahlii  (Sir 
Joseph  Hookei)  is  a  cross  with  Bidens  Zimipani,  and 
is  the  blackest  Dahlia  I  know,  good  in  form,  medium 
in  size,  and  having  very  bright  yellow  stamens  ;  it  is 
the  most  conspicuous  flower  in  my  garden.  The 
bright  yellow  on  a  nearly  black  ground  has  an  extra- 
ordinary cITect.  Amongst  my  single  Dahlias  I  have 
this  year  about  fifty  ot  the  most  distinct  and  brilliant 
Dahlias  that  it  is  possible  to  conceive."  [The  markings 
on  the  Mimulus  are  very  striking,  and  the  colours  of 
the  brightest.  We  have  not  seen  such  regularity  in 
the  disposition  of  the  colours  as  are  exhibited  by  your 
strain.  The  white  Dihlia  has  just  that  shape  that 
pleases,  and  which  so  many  "improvers"  of  the 
flower  try  to  efface,  and  make  monotonously 
regular.  Ed.] 

The    Second    Year's    Produce   of    a 

Grafted  Potato.— The  Rev.  G.  Henslow  writes  : 
— "  Mr.  WORTHINC-TON  G.  SMITH  gave  some 
account  with  figures  of  his  method  of  grafting  Potatos 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chtonide  (1SS6,  pp.  54,  iSo),  and 
exhibited  some  tubers  resulting  from  his  'plug- 
grafting  '  at  a  meeting  of  the  Scientific  Committee  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  These  were  the 
produce  of  Peterson's  Victoria  x  Mr.  Bresee,  and  of 
Magnum  Bonum  <  Early  Border.  I  planted  on 
March  i6,  1S86,  one  tuber  of  each  of  these  two  crosses. 
The  tuber  of  the  first  kind  weighed  3 J  oz.,  and  pre- 
sumably perished  in  the  ground,  as  nothing  came  of 
it.  The  other  weighed  6\  oz.  It  was  about  3  inches 
in  length,  but  bent  in  the  middle.  The  first  year's 
result  of  this  cross  between  Magnum  Bonum  and 
Early  Border  Mr.  Smith  described  as  'astonishing 
as  regards  form  ;  some  examples  suddenly  curved 
at  the  end  like  shepherds'  crooks ;  others  like 
the  letter  U,  with  both  limbs  closely  depressed  ; 
some  very  irregular,  with  large  gouty  projections; 
some  curved  like  the  letter  C,    with  the  two  ends 


almost  touching  ;  some  like  the  letters  L  and  Z. 
My  results  of  the  present  season — i.e.,  the  second 
year's  produce — were  3  little  more  satisfactory.  The 
total  weight  of  the  tubers,  fifty  in  all,  from  the  above, 
was  6\  lb.,  or  just  loo  oz,,  in  return  for  6\  oz.,  or  a 
gain  in  weight  of  1600  per  cent.  The  eight  largest 
tubers  averaged  5  inches  in  length,  with  a  maximum 
of  6  inches  by  2,  b^ing  only  l  inch  across  at  the 
constriction  ;  but  like  Mr.  Smith's  produce  of  the 
first  year,  they  were  all  misshapen,  but  not  to  the 
extent  that  he  described.  They  mostly  had  constric- 
tions in  the  middle  or  at  one  end  ;  two  were  curved 
more  into  semicircles  than  like  the  letter  V,  and  one 
or  two  showed  super-tuberation.  Besides  these  eight, 
there  were  ten  tubers  of  a  good  oval  form,  averaging 
3  inches  by  2  inches;  eight  tubers,  3  inches  by  14  ; 
eight,  quite  round,  being  about  2  inches  in  diameter  ; 
eight  smaller  ones  were  about  l|^  inch  long,  six  were 
1^  inch  in  diameter,  and  only  two  so  small  as  \  inch 
across.  Boiled  for  table  they  proved  very  fair  eating. 
I  purpose  planting  six  of  the  first  lot  of  eight,  the 
largest  and  misshapen  tubers,  and  six  of  the  well- 
formed  tubers  next  season,  to  see  what  the  third  year's 
produce  may  be  like." 

— ^  Forest  Tree  Planting.— In  view  of  the 
increased  attention  which  in  recent  years  has  been 
given  to  arboriculture,  and  the  near  advent  of  the 
tree-planting  season,  it  is  interesting  to  learn  that 
Her  Majesty's  Commissioners  of  Woods  and  Forests 
propose  continuing  planting  operations  on  a  large 
scale  on  the  waste  Crown  lands  in  the  Isle  of  Man. 
Messrs.  Dicksons  &Co.,  nurserymen,  of  i,  Waterloo 
Place,  Edinburgh,  have,  we  learn,  been  entrusted 
with  a  contract  for  supplying  a  large  quantity  of  forest 
trees  for  this  purpose,  to  be  delivered  on  the  island 
in  the  month  of  November  from  their  nurseries  at 
Pilrig  and  Liberton.  It  is  to  be  hoped  the  example 
set  by  Government  may  have  its  effect  on  owners  of 
waste  land  in  every  part  of  the  country,  as,  apart 
from  the  improvement  and  increased  value  it  affords 
in  the  interests  of  the  owners,  the  ameliorating  influ- 
ences of  planting  on  the  climate,  the  labour  which 
the  carrying  out  ot  it  affords  at  a  season  when 
employment  is  scarce,  is  a  matter  of  great  public 
importance. 

Portuguess  Plants.— It  is  announced  in 

the  Boktin  da  Soc'udade  Broteriana  that  the  Director 
of  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Coimbra,  Professor  Hen- 
RIQUES,  is  prepared  to  exchange  dried  specimens  of 
Portuguese  plants  which  are  rare  in  herbaria  for  other 
plants. 

French  Marigolds. — Some  of  the  neatest 

flowers  in  form,  pure  and  brilliant  in  colour,  have 
been  submitted  for  our  inspection  by  Mr.  R.  Dean. 
They  include  selfs,  striped  forms,  and  some  which 
are  very  effective,  the  rays  being  of  a  rich  velvety 
vandyke-brown  with  a  thin  edge  of  gold.  We  under- 
stand that  the  habit  is  dwarf. 

Tobacco   (.;ro\ving.— The   best  sample  we 

have  yet  seen  are  some  leaves  of  the  "Virginian  " 
variety,  grown  in  the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  Lucombe, 
PiNCE  &  Co.,  of  Exeter.  The  colour  is  of  a  rich 
golden-brown,  and  the  perfume  aromatic.  The  leaves, 
at  present,  have  not  been  cured,  so  that  it  is  too 
early  to  talk  of  results.  We  understand  that  Messr?. 
Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  have  followed  very  care- 
fully the  cultural  directions  given  by  Colonel  Trevor 
Clarke,  in  our  columns. 

~  Publications  Received. — The  Mainten- 
ayue  and  Renovation  of  Grass-land  from  a  Chemical 
Point  of  Vieiv.  By  B.  Dyer,  F.C.S..  F.I.C.  (London: 
Vinton  &  Co.,  Limited,  9,  New  Bridge  Street,  Lud- 
gate  Circus,  E  C.) — Illustrated  Handbook  of  Victoria^ 
Australia.  (London  :  Colonial  and  Indian  Ethibi- 
tion).— i^/(zr/j  Meado-.LK  By  J.  H.  Ewing.  (Lon- 
don: S.  P.C.K.,  Northumberland  Avenue,  Charing 
Cross,  W.C.) 

Gardening  Appointments.  —  Mr.  Per- 
kins, late  Gardener  to  the  Right  Honourable  Vis- 
count DOWNE,  Dingley  Park,  Market  Harboro',  has 
been  appointed  Gardener  and  Bailift'  to  the  Dowager 
Countess  of  Ellesmerk,  Burwood  House,  Cobham. 
— Mr.  Arthur  Ryder,  formerly  Gardener  to  LorJ 
Bateman,  Shobdon  Court,  Herefordshire,  has  been 
engaged  as  Gardener  to  Sir  William  Anderson 
Ogg.  Oakfield,  Dulwich.  S.E.— Mr.  G.  Wall  con- 
tinues at  Breakspears,  Uxbridge,  as  Head  Gardener 
to  the  new  proprietor,  W.  S.  (jILBERT,  Esq. 


EXEUNT    TEAS. 

In  his  article  on  p.  430,  "  D.  T.  F."  concludes  with 
an  unanswerable  piece  of  logic.  The  Tea  Roses,  says 
he,  are  the  Roses  of  the  future  :  they  must  vastly  in- 
crease while  the  so-called  pe'petuals  are  doomed  to 
decrease  :  they  deserve  double  honours  and  chancfs 
— and  moreover,  unlike  most  worthies,  they  have  got 
their  deserts,  therefore  let  the  privileges  that  they  so 
deservedly  enjoy  be  taken  away  !  It  has  been  said 
that  statistics  will  prove  anything,  but  evidently  logic 
runs  a  great  horse  over  the  favourite  course  of  argu- 
ment. The  Teas  must  go  ;  the  case  is  clear  against 
them.  Even  if  there  could  be  any  person  still  uncon- 
vinced, there  is  a  final  count — most  damning  charge 
of  ail  —  which  cannot  fail  to  carry  conviction  to 
every  mind  that  they  justly  deserve,  the  verdict  of 
expulsion,  they  distract  the  judges  ! 

There  were  several  people  who  did  not  observe  the 
wild  and  wandering  eye,  indicative  of  a  man  dis- 
traught, among  the  philanx  of  judges  at  South 
Kensington  last  July  ;  but  no  doubt  it  was  to  be 
seen,  and  it  is  absurd  fo  suppose  that  the  victims 
should  be  expected  to  divert  their  judicial  faculty  to 
horticultural  subjects  of  a  less  "  disturbing  "  nature  ; 
therefore  the  Teas  must  go.  It  is  their  own  fault  of 
course  ;  they  shouldn't  distract  and  disturb,  and  they 
must  be  content  to  be  the  Roses  of  the  future  and  not 
want  recognition  in  the  present.  As  the  frenzied 
amateur  said  of  a  certain  modern  School  of  Music, 
"  If  it's  the  music  o(  the  future,  what  the  semibrevc 
does  it  want  to  come  bothering  noio  for  ?  " 

Some  of  those  people  whom  "  no  logic  of  reason  or 
of  fact  ever  will  convince,"  may  ask  what  a  "  general 
collection"  of  Roses  is,  and  wherein  it  will  diff'er, 
when  the  Teas  and  Noisettes  shall  have  been  elimi- 
nated from  it,  from  a  *' special  class"?  Ladies  may 
plaintively  inquire  how  they  shall  identify  Ben, 
Cant's  seventy-two  if  Souvenir  d'Eiise  is  to  be 
excluded?  and  Lacharme,  with  the  air  of  a  man 
endeavouring  to  tilt  his  hat  back  with  the  tip  of  his 
own  nose,  will  want  to  know,  you  know,  whether  it 
is  to  be  Guillol's  yellow  hybrid  perpetual  that  is  to 
replace  the  gold  of  Marechal  Niel,  "expulsed"? 
S^me  people  ask  such  inconsiderate  questions,  and 
are  not  deterred  even  by  the  threatened  distraction  of 
our  judges. 

A  whisper  may  come  from  certain  eastern  county 
gardens  asking  what  honours  a  "stand  wholly  of 
Teas  can  sweep  off"  beyond  the  1st  prize  in  its  class 
and  possibly  a  medal  for  the  best  bloom  ?— an  award 
open  to  every  stand  in  the  show.  There  are  even 
those  in  whom  the  suggested  Tea-totalism  arouses  the 
widest  intemperance  ;  here  indeed  (say  they)  would 
be  the  fulfilment  of  the  exhibiting  rosarian's  highest 
ambition — an  achievement  for  which  it  would  be 
worth  while  to  grow  grey  in  the  work  of  Rose-show- 
ing. Imagine  a  box  of  forty-eight  Teas  distinct,  which 
should  win  against  all-comers  of  all  and  any  kinds  ; 
there  would  be  a  galaxy  of  beauty,  and  exquisite  har- 
mony of  pure  and  tender  colour,  marred  by  no  loud 
and  jarring  tones  !  Tea-garden  sentiments  truly.  As  if 
that  could  possibly  be  any  compensation  for  the 
distracting  disturbance  of  a  judge's  mind. 

The  fact  if,  the  matter  lies  in  a  nutshell.  Because 
a  certain  class  of  Roses,  once  supposed  to  be  delicate 
and  difficult  of  cultivation,  was  encouraged  and 
fostered  by  the  provision  of  special  small  classes  ; 
because  the  cultivation  of  these  Roses  gradually 
extended  until  now  a  class  for  thirty-six  blooms 
brings  out  as  many  competitors  as  did  formerly  a 
class  for  six  blooms  ;  because  their  blooms  are  now 
grown  as  large  as  the  finest  hybrid  perpetuals  (there 
were  actually  sixteen  distinct  Teas  in  the  champion- 
ship seventy-two  this  year,  and  fifteen  last  year)  ; 
because  they  are  now  grown  by  thousands  instead  of 
tens,  and  still  "must  vastly  increase  "  ;  because  they 
are  fjund  to  be  as  easy  to  grow,  in  the  South  at  any 
rate,  as  hybrid  perpetuals,  and  are  more  generally 
useful;  and  because  they  are  "the  Roses  of  the 
future  "  ;  all  this  is  no  reason  why  they  should  create 
a  disturbanc2  ;  and  if  they  will  do  so,  of  course  they 
must  submit  to  be  "  checked  and  regulated." 

There  are  one  or  two  weak  points  in  "  D.  T.  F.'s" 
draft  "for  the  better  regulation  of  Teas:"  for  in- 
stance, there  is  no  mention  in  the  National  Rose 
Society's  schedule,  which  was  the  subject  of  "  Wild 
Rose's"  discussion,  of  a  class  for  baskets  of  seventy- 
two  A.  K.  Williams  ;  but  if  they  were  there,  cavilleri 
might  be  inclined  to  point  out  that  it  could  hardly  be 
complained  that  the  hybrid  perpetuals  had  no  special 
class  devoted  to  them. 


468 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  9.  i886. 


The  assertion  that  Rose  showing  is  responsible  for 
the  limiting  of  the  Rose  season  to  a  month  during  June 
and  July,  is  somewhat  incongruous  when  immediately 
followed  by  the  statement  that  "  this  is  the  natural 
season  for  perfect  Roses  in  England  ! "  Of  course  j  it  is 
because  the  Roses  bloom  at  the  end  of  June  and  the 
beginning  of  July  that  the  shows  are  held  then ;  and 
an  indefinite  extension  of  the  exhibition  season 
would  be  fraught  with  many  inconveniences.  Those 
who  grow  largely  have  budding  and  so  on  to  attend 
to.  Most  people  are  off  in  August  to  the  sea,  to  the 
North — scattered  abroad  in  all  directions.  Those 
who  go  on  showing  again  in  September  have 
other  things  to  care  for — Dahlias,  Gladiolus,  &c., 
while  if  they  must  needs  go  on  all  the  time  they  find 
Roses  very  well  provided  for  at  the  general  summer 
shows. 

A  national  Rose  (or  any  other)  society,  to  be  able 
to  run  shows  destined  to  be  unpopular  and  unremu- 
nerative,  must  indeed  be  "  strong  and  wealthy  ;  " 
but  "  D.  T.  F.'s  "  allusion  to  these  ofT-season  shows 
is  another  weak  point  in  connection  with  his  new 
Tea  rule  ;  for  the  earliest  and  the  latest  flowering 
Roses  are  the  Teas,  and  it  cannot  be  considered  good 
policy  to  be  attracting  attention  to  and  advocating 
those  varieties  which  are  already  "  undue  favourites," 
and  which  it  is  so  desirable  to  "  exclude  from  general 
collections,"  for  the  purposes  of  halving  their  chances 
of  well-deserved  honours  and  of  avoiding  their 
creation  of  a  disturbance,  to  the  'distraction  of  the 
judges.   T.  W.  G. 


GREVILLEA  SULPHUREA. 

That  New  Holland  shrubs,  or  something  extremely 
like  them,  lived  in  this  country  asnative  inhabitants  at 
one  time  is  unquestionable,  but  that  was  a  very  long 
time  ago,  and  a  great  deal  has  happened  since  then. 
It  comes,  therefore,  rather  as  a  matter  of  surprise  to 
find  that  such  species  as  Grevillea  rosmarinifolia, 
illustrated  in  Gardener's  Chronicle,  at  p.  529,  vol. 
v.,  n.s.,  and  G.  sulphurea  are  not  only  hardy  in 
this  country,  but  that  they  actually  produce  flowers 
in  the  open  air.  For  the  specimen  here  figured  of 
G.  sulphurea  (fig.  96)  we  are  indebted  to  Messrs. 
Veitch,  in  whose  nursery  at  Coombe  Wood  we  re- 
cently saw  the  plant.  Its  striking  appearance  and 
interesting  character  should  commend  it  to  lovers  of 
curiosities,  but  it  is  as  well  to  caution  them  that  the 
dry  soil  and  sunny  slopes  of  Coombe  Wood  enable 
many  plants  to  live  which  elsewhere  would  succumb. 

By  way  of  illustration  we  may  mention,  that  on  the 
same  visit  as  that  above  mentioned  we  saw  a  Banana 
from  Southern  Japan  apparently  as  contented  as  the 
Australian  Protead,  although  it  had  been  out  for  two 
winters. 


FOREIGN    NOTES. 

Straw  Plait  Industry,  near  Florence.— A 
recent  report  to  the  Foreign  Office  on  the  Florentine 
straw  industries,  by  ConsulGeneral  Colnaghi,  of 
Florence,  contains  so  much  of  interest  that  we  gladly 
place  it  on  record  and  give  it  wider  publicity  than  it 
otherwise  would  secure,  by  publishing  an  abstract  of 
the  entire  report.  Opening  with  the  history  of 
the  straw  hat  industry  Mr.  Colnaghi  says  it  was 
orignally  confined  to  the  "  Contado  "  of  Florence, 
where  it  existed  in  the  sixteenth  century.  From  this 
district  it  gradually  spread  into  other  parts  of  Tuscany 
and  of  Italy.  The  industry  appears,  however,  to  have 
become  of  some  importance  only  in  the  beginning  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  when  Dominico  Michelacci  in- 
troduced or  perfected  the  culture  of  spring  Wheat, 
("grano  marynolo  ")  sown  thickly,  from  which  an 
excellent  straw  is  obtained.  The  first  experiments 
were  made  on  the  hills  round  Ligua,  and  their  success 
caused  this  culture  to  be  quickly  extended  to  the 
neighbouring  districts.  Straw  hats  now  formed  the 
object  of  a  rising  but  intermittent  export  trade. 

About  1810  Signor  Guiseppe  Carbonai,  of  Leghorn, 
having  established  himself  at  Ligua,  and  improved  the 
manufacture,  was  the  first  to  open  out  a  trade  with 
France  and  Germany.  In  consequence,  the  straw 
industry,  which,  till  that,  had  been  confined  to  the 
communes  of  Ligua  and  Brozzi,  spread  to  those  of 
Seslo,  Campi,  Carmignano,  and  Prato.  Between  1815 
and  1818  employment  was  given  to  some  40,000 
persons,  almost  all  women  and  girls,  who  earned  from 
I  lira  12  c.  to  I  lira  68  c.  per  diem  (a  lira  is 
equal  to  rather  less  than  ten  pence).  Further  orders 
from  England  brought  the  number  of  persons  engaged 
in  the  industry  between  1S19  and  1822  to  60,000,  the 


best  hands  earning  as  much  as  2  lire  24  c.  per  diem, 
America  next  came  within  the  radius  of  the  export 
trade,  and  more  hands  were  required,  so  that  not  only 
the  female  population  of  several  communes  but  even 
the  men  abandoned  their  ordinary  occupations  to 
work  in  straw.  The  number  of  persons  engaged  in 
the  industry  was  at  that  time  calculated  at  So,ooo, 
earning,  according  to  skill,  from  I  lira  68  c.  to  5  lire 
per  diem.  During  these  palmy  days  several  new 
villages  rose  in  the  country  district,  and  the  in- 
crease of  prosperity  among  the  peasantry  was  general. 
The  staple  article  of  export  was  the  "  fioretto,"  or 
broad-brimmed  '*  flop  "  hat,  known  originally  as  the 
Leghorn  hat — a  name  which,  however,  is  now  given 
to  all  hats  of  the  same  material  and  manufacture, 
whatever  their  shape  or  dimensions  may  be.  The 
plait  of  which  this  hat  was  made  was  of  thirteen  ends, 
and  the  strips  were  knitted — "amaglia,"  as  it  is 
technically  termed — i.e.,  sewn  together  without  over- 
lapping, so  as  to  form  a  single  piece.  This  method 
is  peculiar  to  Tuscany. 

From  1826  the  demand  for  the  "fioretto"  hat 
began  gradually  to  fall  otT,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
supply  its  place  with  another  article.  This  was  found 
in  the  eleven  end  plait,  one  strip  of  which,  in  making 
up  the  hat,  was  sown  so  as  to  overlap  the  other.  The 
merit  of  introducing  this  plait  was  chiefly  due  to 
Messrs.  Vyse,  an  English  firm,  first  established  at 
Florence  about  the  year  1827.  After  some  temporary 
changes  the  factory  was  finally  removed  to  Prato,  about 
the  year  1S44,  where  the  centre  of  the  business  has 
ever  since  remained. 

Messrs.  Vyse  opened  various  centres  of  instruction 
for  the  new  work,  and  introduced  into  their  factory 
machinery  for  the  selection  and  preparation  of  the 
straw,  &c.  From  this  date  the  custom  obtained  of 
distributing  to  the  plaiters  the  straw  selected  and  cut 
by  a  machine  and  made  up  into  bundles  containing, 
in  separate  packets,  the  upper  ends  of  the  straw 
known  as  Tuscan  ends  ("punte"),  and  the  lower  ends, 
which  are  thicker  and  are  termed  "  pedals."  Hither- 
to pedal  straw  had  not  been  used,  but  as  the  cost  of 
the  Tuscan  ends  was  continually  on  the  increase,  a 
large  demand  arose  on  foreign  markets  for  pedal 
plaits. 

Owing  to  the  decadence  of  the  "  fioretto  "  hat,  the 
earnings  of  the  workmen  were  greatly  reduced,  but 
about  1836  they  were  again  able  to  earn  2  lire  per 
diem,  as  there  was  for  a  short  time,  a  renewed 
demand  for  this  article. 

In  1840  a  large  cone-shaped  hat,  called  "cornetto" 
or  "cappotto,"  was  introduced.  It  was  received 
with  great  favour  abroad,  as  it  could  be  adapted  to 
any  shape.  This  bat  was  largely  made  of  Rye-straw, 
which  is  finer,  more  easily  worked,  and  consequently, 
less  expensive  than  the  Wheat-straw,  but  not  so 
flexible.  In  order  to  maintain  the  industry,  however, 
new  articles  had  to  be  found,  such  as  plain  plaits  of 
fifteen  and  nineteen  ends,  pedal  plaits  of  seven  ends 
("  maglina  "  or  corded),  in  imitation  of  the  English 
plaits,  and  various  kinds  of  fancy  plaits.  Straw 
stems  were  also  woven  with  cotton,  horsehair,  and 
silk  into  braids  or  ribbons,  either  plain  or  fancy, 
according  to  the  changing  fashion. 

The  weaving  of  straw  materials  into  braids  and 
trimmings  had  existed  in  Switzerland  from  a  remote 
date.  The  application  of  the  art  to  the  weaving  of 
the  Tuscan  straw  into  these  articles  was  first  adopted 
in  England,  where,  for  some  two  or  three  years,  it 
received  a  very  large  development.  The  chief 
market  for  the  sale  of  this  manufacture  was  the 
United  States  of  America. 

Straw  plaits  in  general  are  produced  in  all  the 
country  district  round  Florence,  Prato,  Ligua, 
Empoli,  Pistoiia,  &c.  Woven  straw  is  made  at 
Fiesole,  where,  of  late  years,  a  special  industry  of 
fancy  straw  baskets,  fans,  cigar  cases,  &c.,  has  arisen. 

The  Leghorn  hats  are  made  nearly  everywhere,  but 
more  particularly  in  the  towns  and  villages  lying  near 
the  Arno,  to  the  west  of  Florence,  such  as  Brozzi, 
Ligua,  Empoli,  &c.  The  best  hats  are  said  to  be 
produced  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the 
capital  city.  Their  price  varies  from  i  to  500  lire ; 
hats,  however,  of  the  latter  figure  are  now-a-days  not 
often  met  with. 

The  qualities  most  currently  in  demand  at  the 
present  time  are  the  narrow-brimmed  hats  called 
"figliette,"  of  coarse  and  medium  assortments,  run- 
ning from  ten  to  eighteen  or  twenty  rows,  and  costing 
in  first  hands,  when  shaped  and  finished,  from  about 
80  centimes  to  2  lire  each,  according  to  quality  and 
fineness.    This  is  scarcely  more  than  one-third  of  their 


cost  three  or  four  years  ago,  when  much  finer,  and 
consequently  more  valuable  assortments  were  required, 
currently  ranging  from  8  to  20  lire  each.  The  demand 
for  this  hat  is  continually  declining,  and,  unless  a 
change  occurs,  almost  extinction  is  threatened,  not 
so  much  from  foreign  competition  at  present,  there 
being  no  foreign  production  of  the  same  kind,  as  from 
their  having  gone  out  of  fashion.  But  it  is  hoped  that 
the  article  may  soon  regain  favour  on  account  of  its 
many  valuable  qualities,  which  are  stated  to  consist  of 
the  protection  it  affords  from  the  sun,  the  lightness 
and  strength  of  its  tissue,  the  brightness  of  colour, 
the  ease  with  which  it  can  be  adapted  to  various 
shapes,  and  its  moderate  price.  All  the  hats  are 
made  of  Wheat- straw  ;  Rye-straw  has  ceased  for  some 
years  to  be  cultivated  for  the  purpose. 

It  is  difBcult  to  form  even  an  approximate  estimate 
of  the  number  of  persons,  all  women  and  children, 
engaged  in  the  straw  industry  outside  the  factories  at 
the  present  time.  It  must  suffice  to  say  that  the 
industry  is  so  generally  extended  throughout  the 
district,  that  there  is  scarcely  a  family  in  which  some 
of  the  members  are  not  engaged  in  the  work. 
Children  begin  to  plait  at  five  and  six  years  of  age, 
while  mothers  of  families  in  addition  to  these  domestic 
occupations,  and  females  of  all  ages,  and  almost  of  all 
conditions,  who  do  not  follow  the  business  as  a  means 
of  livelihood  employ  their  leisure  time  in  it.  Formerly, 
when  the  production  was  carried  on  by  persons  con- 
nected with  agricultural  labour  only,  the  work  was 
not  constant,  but  now,  excepting,  perhaps,  with  a  few 
"  contadini  "  it  goes  on  all  the  year  round. 

The  plaiters  work  in  their  own  homes,  and  their 
busy  fingers  are  rarely  at  rest.  The  larger  number 
work  up  the  straw  on  their  own  account,  and  sell  the 
plaits  or  hats  on  the  public  markets  held  at  Florence 
and  in  other  towns.  Others  receive  the  straw  from, 
and  are  paid  by  the  "  fattorini,"  a  class  of  middlemen 
who  consign  the  plaits  and  hats  in  the  rough  to  the 
principal  manufacturers,  who  finish  them  for  export. 
Others,  again,  are  in  direct  communication  with  the 
manufacturers  themselves. 

The  earnings  of  the  plaiters  are  subject  to  consider- 
able fluctuations,  partly  depending  upon  the  market 
prices  that  may,  from  time  to  time,  rule  for  the  manu- 
factured article,  and  partly  according  to  the  higher  or 
lower  rates  of  the  straw.  On  an  average,  the  daily 
earnings  of  children  and  of  young  girls  may  be  taken 
at  from  30  to  45  centimes,  and  of  women  at  from  75  to 
80  centimes.  Much  depends  upon  the  ability  of  the 
workers,  and  a  considerable  number  of  expert  bands 
earn  regularly,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  from 
I  lira  to  I  lira  10  c,  and  sometimes  as  much  as  i  lira 
50  c.  per  diem. 

The  ordinary  length  of  the  plaits  was  50  metres, 
but  of  late  they  have  been  made  of  50  yards,  as  more 
suitable  for  the  English  and  American  trade.  Those, 
however,  purchased  on  the  public  markets  are  said 
to  be  very  defective  in  measure.  Whole  straw  is 
always  used ;  it  is  never  split  in  the  Tuscan 
industry. 

The  articles  chiefly  exported  are  the  Florentine 
hats,  and  plain  and  fancy  plaits,  The  principal 
countries  of  export  are  France,  the  United  States  ol 
America,  Great  Britain,  Germany,  and  Austria. 

The  future  prospects  of  the  Tuscan  straw  industry 
are  at  present  by  no  means  encouraging,  as  so  many 
new  articles  spring  up  which  are  more  favoured  by 
fashion.  The  plaits  most  currently  in  demand  are 
the  plain  seven-straw  pedal  and  the  Tuscan  ends, 
for  which  there  appears  the  probability  of  a  con- 
tinued consumption,  but  the  production  is  very  large, 
and  there  is  the  risk  that  the  supply  may  become  in 
excess  of  requirement. 

Fancy  plaits  have  always  been  made  of  late  years ; 
the  demand  for  them,  however,  is  more  or  less  brisk, 
according  to  circumstances. 

The  competition  of  English  plaits,  as  far  as  prices 
are  concerned  (fashion  apart)  does  not  much  affect 
the  sale  of  Italian  straw  products,  but  that  of  the 
Chinese  plaits,  in  the  coarse  qualities,  is  almost 
crushing,  and  to  a  very  considerable  extent  now 
supplies  the  various  markets  of  Europe  and  America 
to  the  nearly  total  exclusion  of  the  same  qualities  of 
Italian  plaits  as  regards  foreign  consumption.  The 
Chinese  plaits  are  of  excellent  quality,  well  made, 
strong,  and  serviceable,  and  supplied  at  prices  with 
which  it  is  impossible  to  compete  in  Italy.  At  one 
time  the  straw  ready  for  plaiting  was  exported  to 
England  and  Switzerland,  but  this  branch  of  the 
trade  has  for  some  years  entirely  ceased. 

A  few  years  ago  the  export  of  the  Florentine  plaits 


October  g,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


469 


was  estimated  at  from  2,000,000  to  3,000,000  pieces, 
but  of  late  it  has  increased,  and  the  export  is  at  pre- 
sent calculated  at  from  6,000,000  to  8,000,000  pieces 
of  50  yards  each.  Except  from  Venice,  no  other  real 
straw  plaits  are  exported  from  Italy.  At  Carpi,  in 
the  province  ol  Modena,  however,  several  6rms  are 
working  in  chip  plaits  and  hats,  the  export  of  which, 


brought  from  Modena.  As  the  object  of  the  culti- 
vator is  to  produce  a  fine  long  straw,  and  not  a  full 
crop  of  Wheat,  all  the  usual  conditions  are  reversed. 
Thus,  a  spring  Wheat  is  sown  in  winter,  a  mountain 
variety  on  lowlands,  the  seed  is  thickly  instead  of 
thinly  sown,  S:c.  The  thicker  the  seed  is  sown  the 
finer  the  straw  comes  ou*. 


I 


Fig.  96.— grevillka  sulphurea:  half-hardy  evergreen:  flowers  pale  yellow.      (see  p.  468.) 


for  a  good  year,  may  be  taken  at  from  2,000,000  to 
5,000,000  pieccF. 

The  seed  used  for  the  cultivation  of  straw  is  care- 
fully selected  with  regard  to  the  nature  o(  the  soil  in 
which  it  is  to  be  sown.  The  quality  employed  is 
always  a  variety  of  spring  Wheat  (Ttilicum  asstivum). 
For  the  lighter  soils  seed  from  Mount  Amiala,  near 
Santa  Fiora,  or  from  the  mountains  of  Radicofini,  in 
the  province  of  Siena,  is  preferred ;  for  the  heavier 
lands  the  '"semone,"  grown  on  the  Pisan  hills,  near 
Pontedera,   is  selected.     Seed    is    also  said    to    be 


Straw  is  largely  grown  about  Campi,  Sesto,  and 
Prato,  in  the  plain  between  Florence  and  Pistoiia, 
diminishing  in  quantity  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
latter  city.  The  cultivation  is  important  between 
Florence  and  Empoli,  principally  on  the  south-west 
side  of  the  Arno  in  the  plain,  and  on  the  hills  com- 
mencing in  the  vicinity  of  Ligua.  It  extends  into  the 
country  round  within  a  radius  reaching  to  and 
beyond  Empoli,  of  about  an  average  distance  of 
15  miles  from  the  Arno,  including  within  its 
range  San  Casciayo  and  Castelhorentine.     The  cul- 


ture also  is  carried  on  about  Voltura,  and  is  met  with 
in  some  parts  of  the  Mugello  and  elsewhere. 

In  the  principal  centres  of  cultivation  straw  is  grown 
on  nearly  every  farm.  Plots  of  land  are  also  hired  at 
a  money  rent  for  this  culture.  The  average  quantity 
sown  is  from  five  to  twenty  sacks  of  seed,  each  sack 
weighing  about  50  kilog.  This  quantity,  however, 
varies  according  to  circumstances.  The  seed  is  sown 
very  thickly  towards  the  end  of  November  or  the  be- 
ginning of  December.  The  ground  intended  for  this 
culture  is  dug  up  and  manured  in  May,  and  generally 
sown  with  spring  Beans  and  the  like,  which  are  often 
dug  in.  About  October  the  ground  is  ploughed  for 
sowing.  At  the  end  of  May  or  the  beginning  of  June 
following,  when  the  ear  is  beginning  to  swell,  the 
straw  is  pulled  up  by  hand,  a  sunny  day  being  chosen 
for  the  operation. 

The  straw  is  now  made  up  into  "  bundles " 
(*'  manate"or  "menate  ")  containing  as  much  straw  as 
can  be  easily  held  in  the  hand.  The  bundles  are  tied 
up  with  Broom.  The  green  straw  is  sold  in  this 
condition  to  the  factors  or  speculators,  who  come 
round  to  the  farmers  to  make  their  purchases.  A  crop 
is  also  occasionally  sold  standing.  One  hectolitre  of 
such  is  estimated  to  yield  on  an  average  about  4000 
"  manate"  of  green  straw.  The  cultivation  of  straw 
is  considered  to  be  more  profitable  than  that  of 
Wheat,  but  more  hazardous,  and  once  in  six  years  the 
yield  may  be  nil. 

The  next  operation  which  the  straw  undergoes  is 
that  of  being  bleached,  which  is  eflfected  by  exposure 
to  the  sun  by  day  and  to  the  dews  by  night.  The 
"  manate  "  are  spread  in  a  fan-shape  on  a  bare  river 
bank  or  other  open  space,  which  must  be  entirely 
devoid  of  vegetation.  After  four  or  five  days'  ex- 
posure the  straw  will  have  acquired  a  light  yellow 
colour.  The  "  manate  "  are  now  turned  over  and  the 
under  part  exposed,  in  its  turn,  for  three  or  four  days 
more,  when  the  straw,  after  being  well  dried  can  be 
gathered  in.  When  the  dews  are  light  the  process  is 
slower  but  more  perfect.  In  case  of  rain,  the  straw 
must  be  at  once  heaped  together,  and  covered  over 
to  prevent  its  being  spotted. 

The  straw  is  now  ready  for  manufacture,  the  first 
operation  of  which  is  the  "  sfelatura,"  or  unsheathing 
the  ends  of  the  straw,  leaving  only  the  inner  portion  to 
be  worked  up.  This  is  generally  done  by  children.  The 
ends  are  sold  for  forage  at  the  rate  of  5  lire  per 
1000  *'  manate." 

When  unsheathed,  the  straw  is  carried  to  the 
factories.  After  having  been  slightly  wetted  it  is 
first  exposed  to  the  fumes  of  sulphur  in  a  tightly 
closed  room,  thus  acquiring  that  light  sulphur  colour 
which  is  characteristic  of  Florentine  hats  and  plaits. 

The  straw  has  next  to  be  sorted  according  to  its 
different  thicknesses.  This  is  done  by  means  of  an 
apparatus,  which  consists  of  a  series  of  vertical  metal 
cones  placed  on  a  stand  in  a  double  row,  and  provided 
with  movable  copper  plates  ("sistole  ")  perforated  at 
their  lower  ends.  The  holes  in  each  succeeding  plate 
are  a  size  larger  than  those  in  the  preceding  one 
The  numbers  generally  range  from  o  to  13,  but 
sometimes  they  run  up  to  20 ;  o  represents  the 
finest  stems.  A  bundle  of  straw  being  placed  in  the 
first  tube  of  the  series,  a  saltatory  movement  is  given 
to  the  machine  by  means  of  a  combination  of  cog 
wheels,  generally  worked  by  hand.  The  finest  straws 
pass  through  the  holes  of  the  plate,  where  they  are 
suspended  by  the  ear.  The  larger  straws  are  then 
put  into  the  next  tube,  and  so  on,  until  the  whole  is 
assorted,  a  constant  supply  being  maintained.  The 
sorted  straws,  which  have  passed  into  the  holes  up  to 
the  ends,  by  which  they  are  suspended  and  prevented 
from  falling  through,  are  then  drawn  out  by  the  ears 
and  placed  in  separated  receptacles. 

The  first  thing  a'ter  assorting  the  straw  is  to  cut  off 
the  ears,  an  operation  termed  "spigatura,"  which  is 
done  by  a  special  machine.  Then  follows  the 
"spilatura,"  or  assortment  into  lengths,  which  is 
effected  by  placing  on  a  table  a  small  cylindrical  tin 
case,  open  at  both  ends,  and  about  8  inches  (20 
centimetres)  in  height,  and  the  same  in  diameter, 
more  or  less,  into  which  a  loose  bundle  of 
the  prepared  straw  is  placed  vertically.  The 
operator  sweeps  his  hand  over  this  bundle  and  draws 
up  from  it  the  longest  straws,  which  project  above 
the  rest.  These  he  deposits  in  the  first  compartment 
of  a  table  furnished  with  different  divisions.  He 
then  draws  from  the  bundle  the  next  longest  straws, 
and  so  on  until  he  comes  to  the  shortest.  Usually, 
the  straw  is  divided  into  five  or  six  lengths  for  the 
finer  kmds.     The  straw  is  of  a  better  colour,  more 


470 


THE       GARDENERS'      CHRONICLE  [October  9,  .s 


consislan',  and  finer  as  it  approaches  the  ear,  (he 
lower  part,  which  has  been  protected  by  an  outer 
covering,  being  whiter  and  softer. 

Formerly  this  end  was  not  used,  but  now  it  is 
employed  for  making  all  the  articles  that  go  under 
the  names  of  pedal  hats  or  pedal  plaits.  The  sorted 
straw  is  now  made  up  into  small  bundles,  which  are 
bound  together  in  a  large  packet,  the  points,  or  upper 
ends  being  placed  upwards  in  two  bundles  and  down- 
wards in  the  other  two.  The  united  packet  is  now 
laid  under  a  cutter,  and  being  divided  through  the 
centre,  yields  four  smaller  packets,  two  of  point  and 
two  of  pedal  straw,  which  are  ready  for  the  plaiter. 
The  straw  is  given  out  to  the  plaiters,  either  directly 
■  from  the  factory  or  through  a  factor,  in  bundles, 
either  sufl'icient  to  make  a  length  of  50  yards  of 
plait  or  a  hat,  as  the  case  may  be.  Before  being 
plaited  the  straw  is  slightly  wetted,  to  render  it  more 
flexible.  The  hats  are  sewn  either  with  waxed  thread 
or  with  the  fibre  of  a  Rush  which  grows  on  the  marsh 
lands  near  Ligua,  and  which  is  prepared  for  the  pur- 
pose. On  the  plaits  being  returned  to  the  factory 
they  are  measured.  The  length  being  found  correct 
they  are  washed  in  potash  water,  in  order  to  whiten 
them.  Occasionally  they  are  cylindered  to  give  them 
a  polish.  They  are  next  wound  upon  a  circular 
toothed  frame  of  one  metre  in  circumference,  the 
teeth  being  to  keep  the  strands  of  the  plait  evenly  one 
over  the  other.  They  are  made  up  into  packets  of 
six  or  twelve  pieces,  and  lately  of  twenty-four  pieces, 
after  which  they  are  packed  in  cases  for  export. 

On  the  hats  being  brought  to  the  factory  the  loose 
straws  are  first  cut  from  the  brims,  and  any  defect; 
in  the  plaiting  are  made  good  by  insertion,  after 
which  they  are  piled  up  on  one  another  and  placed  in 
large  troughs  full  of  potash  water,  in  which  they  are 
pressed  down  by  planks.  They  are  then  dried  in  the 
sun,  when  the  weather  is  fine,  or  in  hot  rooms  in 
bad  weather.  The  hats  are  now  ready  to  be  moulded 
into  shape,  which  is  effected  by  their  being  placed  in 
heavy  zinc  moulds  and  forced  into  shape  by  hydraulic 
pressure.  They  are  next  powdered  with  sulphur  and 
polished  with  a  small  wooden  instrument,  and  may 
now  be  packed  in  cardboard  boxes  in  dozens,  and 
subsequently  in  wooden  cases  ready  for  export. 

Hats  are  also  made  in  the  mountain  district  of 
common  Wheat-straw.  Formerly,  and  up  to  the  last 
two  or  three  years,  the  export  of  these  hats  to  America 
was  extremely  large  ;  but  since  then  the  demand  has 
been  rapidly  falling  ofl',  and  has  now  become  qui'.e 
insignificant,  the  cause  being  chiefly  attributed  to 
their  having  been  superseded  by  the  Chinese  plaits 
and  the  Yokohama,  Maracaibo,  and  other  hats, 
which,  some  for  price,  and  others  for  quality,  have 
now,  to  a  great  extent,  the  preference.  The  prices  of 
the  mountain  hats  range  from  10  to  30  lire  per  100, 
according  to  their  fineness,  quality,  and  dimensions. 


J40ME     ;pORF^E3PONDENCE. 


Grapes.— In  reply  to  "J.  S."  (p.  442,  last  week's 
issue),  I  would  advise  that  the  Golden  Queens  be 
grafted  with  either  Black  Alicante  or  Gros  Maroc  of 
black  kinds.  These  varieties  would  form  a  capital 
succession  to  the  Black  Hamburgh?,  and  should 
succeed  well  on  a  vigorous  grower  like  the  Golden 
Queen  as  a  stock.  Of  white  kinds,  if  Foster's  Seed- 
Img  is  not  already  grown,  by  all  means  give  it  a  trial, 
also  Mrs.  Pearson.  I  have  seen  the  latter  kind 
doing  well  with  Hamburgh?.  If  both  of  the  above 
white  kinds  are  grown  already,  I  would  advise 
Buckland  Sweetwater  rather  than  thick-skinned  white 
kinds  ;  but  why  not  introduce  a  rod  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  ?  I  have  it  doing  well  with  Black 
Hamburgh,  Madresfield  Court,  and  Gros  Marcc. 
Vitis. 

Primula  Raising. — To  avoid  any  misunder- 
standing of  Rev,  M.  Ewbank's  remark  in  last  week's 
paper  (p.  406),  I  beg  to  state,  that  as  a  rule,  I  sow 
Primula  seed  either  immediately  it  is  ripe,  or,  at  all 
events,  from  January  to  June,  but  not  from  June  to 
December  ;  our  climate  forbids  doing  otherwise. 
The  seeds  are  not  covered  at  all,  or  only  very  thinly  if 
they  are  large,  but  the  seed-pans  are  covered  at  once 
by  a  white  lime-painted  pane  of  glass  to  retain  evapo- 
ration ;  and  ^besides,  if  sown  any  time  later  than 
February,  they  must  have  no  sunshine.  If  after  a 
few  da)  s  it  is  possible  to  expose  them  to  a  gentle 
rain,  they  will  come  up  rapidly  ;  but  if  rain  is  want- 
ing, germination,  as  far  as  my  experience  goes,  is 
very  uneven,  and  takes  as  long  as  three  weeks. 
When  the  rootlets  appear,  I  covet  them  slightly  by 


passing  some  sandy  soil  through  a  fine  sieve.  They 
are  then  eight  days  afterwards  pricked  out,  the  plantlels 
being  taken  up  with  small  pincers.  If  after  three 
weeks  the  seeds  have  not  germinated,  they  have 
either  lost  their  germinating  power  or  they  belong  10 
a  certain  series  which  by  their  nature  want  to  lay  in 
the  soil  exposed  to  all  weathers  if  possible  for  at 
least  twelve  months  ;  to  keep  these  in  an  equal 
medium  during  the  summer  months  I  cover  the  seeds 
by  \  inch  of  pure  white  sand,  and  on  this  1-inch  of 
charcoal  di'biis,  plunging  the  pan  into  a  bed  of  the 
latter  material.  Late  in  the  autumn  the  charcoal  and 
sand  are  removed  and  the  seeds  then  germinate  on  a 
greenhouse  shelf  in  January  or  in  the  open  air  more 
plentifully  in  March.  We  have  still  much  to  learn  as 
to  the  conditions  under  which  germination  is  best 
effected.   Max  Lekhtlin,  Bailen-Badm. 

Book  on  Church  Decoration. — In  yourans-ters 

to  correspondents,  p.  442,  you  inform  Miss  H that 

you  do  not  know  of  any  book  on  church  decorations. 

I  beg  to  inform  Miss  H ,  that  she  can  get  a  very 

good  book,  illustrated  with  church  designs,  &c., 
published  at  The  tSazaar  Office,  170,  Strand.  W.C. 
The  price  of  the  work  is  Is.  W.  M.  Giddcs,  Shnimp- 
ton,  Derby. 

Gunnera  scabra. — Your  reference  to  this  nuble 
plant  at  p.  424  induces  me  to  mention  how  wonder- 
fully well  it  seems  to  thrive  in  all  parts  of  the  Channel 
Island.  During  a  recent  visit  to  these  interesting 
islands  with  some  kindred  spirits  we  noted  several 
plants  with  enormous  leaves  ;  especially  grand  were 
some  plants  growing  by  the  side  of  a  lake  at  Roselle, 
Jersey,  the  seat  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Lempriere.  Of  a 
still  more  remarkable  character,  however,  is  to  be 
seen,  near  Moulin,  Iluet  Bay,  Guernsey,  a  great  mass 
of  Gunnera  some  200  yards  long  and  30  feet  in  width, 
that  is  choking  up  the  course  of  a  small  stream  on 
the  mountain  side,  and  become  "perfectly  wild." 
These  plants  are,  at  all  events,  quite  "at  home."  and 
growing  most  luxuriantly.  In  the  distance  this  looked 
like  a  mass  of  huge  Burdock  !— some  of  our  party 
said  Rhubarb  I  No  one  expected  Gunnera  in  such  a 
situation.   A.  F.  B. 

Fuchsia  corymbiflora.  —  I  notice  that  Mr. 
Murphy,  Clonmel,  has  drawn  attention  to  this  old 
favourite  flower,  and  inquires  as  to  where  it  is  grown. 
I  have  often  been  surprised  that  it  is  not  more  gene- 
rally found  in  colleclions.  I  have  in  a  large  course 
of  observation  only  known  it  in  one  garden  in  Scot- 
land, viz  ,  at  Panmure,  Forfarshire.  This  plant  was 
planted  in  the  greenhouse  there  shoitly  after  the 
garden  was  made  in,  I  think,  1855,  by  the  present 
gardener,  Mr.  Mitchell,  and  when  I  visited  the 
gardens  about  forty  years  ago  it  was  in  vigorous 
heaUh.  As  this  may  be  one  of  the  oldest  plants  in 
the  country,  if  it  is  still  growing,  I  think  it  well  to 
note  it.  Perhaps  Mr.  Mitchell  can  correct  me  if  I 
am  wrong  as  to  its  age.    C,  S.  F. 

Asplenium  germanicum.  —  Concerning  this 
species  about  which  information  is  desired  at  p.  436 
of  the  present  volume,  I  may  state  that  I  have  speci- 
mens collected  from  cultivated  plants  ten  or  twelve 
years  ago  bearing  abundance  of  sori.  The  fronds  are 
5^—6  inches  long,  with  seven  pinnce  and  the  larger 
terminal  lobed  segment.  The  plants  were  grown  in 
pots  in  a  cool  ferntry  along  with  the  finer  and  rarer 
of  British  Ferns  together  with  many  half-hardy  or 
greenhouse  exotics,  and  received  no  special  treatment. 
No  importance  was  attached  to  the  growing  or 
fruiting  of  it,  nor  did  it  seem  to  present  much  dilVi- 
culty  beyond  the  matter  of  slow  growth.  A.  septen- 
trionale  under  the  same  conditions  was  about  14  inch 
shorter,  and  also  well  fruited.  Being  a  small,  and  to 
the  general  public  not  very  attractive  plant,  it  is  sel- 
dom cultivated  except  by  those  who  make  a  specialty 
of  hardy  British  and  other  Ferns.  It  is  one  of  the 
rarest  of  British  species,  and  only  occurs  in  Wales, 
the  North  of  England,  Roxburgh,  Perth,  and  Fife. 
Some  of  the  other  species  mentioned  are  abundant  in 
Britain,  in  various  districts.  J,  F. 

Grapes  at  the  Last  Meetng  of  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society.  —  In  last  week's  GarJcncii' 
Chronicle  "M."  seems  positive  that  the  Mrs.  Pear- 
son shown  by  me  at  South  Kensington  are  not  Mrs. 
Pearson,  but  Royal  Vineyard.  I  will  ask  him  to 
look  in  the  Answers  to  Correspondents  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Chroniclei.  September  5,  1SS5.  There  he 
will  find  your  answer  to  the  berries  (from  the  same 
Vine)  you  kindly  named  for  me.  One  of  the  Gripe 
judges  at  the  Crystal  Palace  show,  September,  1SS5, 
also  told  me  it  was  Mrs.  Pearson.  T.  Osman^  liie 
Gardens,  Otiersha-.a  Park,  Chettsey. 

Under   the    above    heading   in    last   week's 

issue,  p.  440,  "^L"  has  given  the  information  that 
the  1st  prize  Mrs.  Pearson's  were  Royal  \'me- 
yards.  I  certainly  had  the  suspicion  that  they  were 
not  what  they  were  shown  for,  but  Royal  Vineyard 
did  not  occur  to  me  at  the  time.  The  only  time 
I  saw  the  latter  Crape  was  some   years  ago,  and 


then  it  was  confined  to  a  limited  space  at  one  corner 
of  a  vinery,  the  grower  evidently  being  very  chary  of 
permitting  its  extension.  How  about  the  award  of 
the  judges.  Their  decision  is  supposed  to  be  "  final," 
but  should  it  be  so  in  such  cases  ?  We  think  not. 
Neither  ought  the  awards  to  be  "final"  in  the  case 
of  *'  made  up  "  bunches  when  detected  and  protested 
against  by  exhibitors  who  show  straight,  as  was  the 
case  at  theCrystal  Palace  show  on  Sept,  3-4last.  Vilis. 

Pampas-grass  (Gynerium  argenteum). — The 
graceful  plumes  of  this  grass  are  now  about  in  their 
best  condition.  Those  who  value  these  should  lose 
no  lime  in  cutting  any  that  may  be  required  for 
winter  decoration  before  the  autumn  fogs  mar  their 
beauty.  This  is  soon  the  case  in  the  vicinity  of  towns 
and  industrial  centres,  y.  H. 

Aster  and  Stock  Seed  Growing  at  Forest 
Hill,  London.  —  I  can,  with  your  permission,  con- 
firm the  views  expressed  by  your  correspondent, 
"  R.  D.,"  p.  43S— 1st,  as  to  the  quality  of  the  bloom, 
and,  2d,  as  to  the  superior  merits  ot  the  seed  strain. 
from  many  years'  experience,  then  referred  to.  I 
brought  a  number  of  my  gardening  friends  out  there 
the  last  week  in  August,  to  see  the  Wheat  and 
Tobacco  experiments,  but  especially  the  annuals 
grown  for  seed  and  show.  The  Asters,  especially 
the  quilled  German,  were  then  very  fine — so  gno1, 
indeed,  that  at  the  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  the  following  day  (24'h,  I  believe)  a 
large  collection  received  the  highest  award.  I  canni  t 
see  how  Germany  could  be  expected  to  produce  a 
finer  strain  of  these  or  other  annuals  than  England, 
for  seed  purposes-.    \V.  J,  Murphy,  Clonmel. 

Tecoma  radicans  var.  graadiflora.  —  The 
racemes  of  Tecoma  ralicans  now  in  abundant  flower, 
and  supposed  to  be  the  Japan  species,  T.  grandifiora, 
are  taken  from  a  large  specimen  covering  a  portion  of 
the  south-east  wing  of  the  house  at  Bayfordbury,  (o 
the  height  of  of  about  25  feet.  It  was  planted  out  from 
the  conser^ratory  to  test  its  hardiness  more  than  twenty 
years  ago,  and  has  borne  the  severity  of  many  hard 
winters,  flowering  annually,  but  never  better  than  in 
the  present  season.  IV.  R.  B.  [No  doubt  your  plant 
is  Bignonia  grandifiora  ofthei?o/.  Ma;;.,  t.  139S.  Ed.] 

Blue  Hydrangea  hortensis.— A  great  uncer- 
tainty seems  to  prevail  with  regard  to  the  date  of  ihe 
introduction  of  this  plant  to  Britain,  as  to  the  uncer- 
tainty of  producing  blue  flowers  at  a  given  time  with 
any  degree  of  certainly.  Dates  assigned  for  its  intro- 
duction are  1740,  17SS,  and  1790,  in  as  many  different 
books.  In  .ill  probahiliiy,  however,  it  was  first  in- 
troduced to  Kew  in  1790  by  Sir  Joseph  Binks,  and  a 
figure  is  given  of  it  in  the  Botanical  Magazine  in  an 
early  number,  t.  43S.  lis  capricious  nature  with  re- 
gard to  the  coloration  of  the  flowers  was  observed 
and  recorded  as  early  as  1796,  when  a  plant  produced 
blue  flowers,  although  it  had  flowered  the  previous 
year  in  the  same  pjt  exhiUiiing  the  normal  pink 
flowers  only.  The  opinion  is  sometimes  expressed 
even  now  that  if  any  one  could  discover  a  method  of 
treatment  to  induce  pot  plants  to  flower,  exhibiting 
the  blue  colour  with  any  degree  of  certainty,  he  could 
soon  acquire  a  fortune  by  taking  his  plants  to  Covent 
Garden  Market.  It  seems  rather  paradoxical  in 
these  days  of  experiment  and  resource  that  some 
expedient  in  the  manner  indicated  has  not  ap- 
parently been  attempted  on  any  extensive  scale. 
Some  kinds  ot  peat  earth  are  said  to  produce  the 
blue  colour,  as  well  as  turf-ashes,  but  especi- 
ally the  ashes  of  Picea  excelsa  and  that  of  woods 
generally.  The  yellow  loam  of  Hampstead  Heath  is 
said  to  produce  the  same  eft'ect,  and  the  grey-coloured 
earth  found  under  the  peat  on  moors.  A  year  or  two 
ago,  plants  in  pots  at  Kew  watered  with  a  weak 
solution  of  alum-water,  exhibited  flowers  with  the 
unmistakable  blue  tint,  although  not  very  intense. 
In  ihe  open  air  the  normal  rosy-pink  prevails,  as 
well  as  at  other  places  in  the  vicinity  of  London 
where  the  Hydrangea  is  planted  out.  In  the  neifjh- 
bourhood  of  some  parts  of  the  Grampians,  where  the 
Hydrangea  is  grown  in  pots,  the  desideratum  is  not 
to  get  blue  but  pink  flowers.  The  cottagers  who 
grew  the  plants  attributed  the  blue  colour  to  the  soil, 
because  plants  obtained  from  sources  producing  pink 
flowers  afterwards  produced  blue  ones.  The  soil  in 
that  neighbourhood  would  be  peaty,  and  probably 
contain  more  or  less  iron,  and  where  cultivated  is 
heavy  or  even  clayey.  Probably  the  most  handsome 
plants  coming  under  my  obser^^ation  were  those 
planted  in  gardens  between  S  wansea  and  the  Mumbles. 
The  huge  bushes  were  a  mass  of  flowers,  exhibiting 
various  tints  and  hues,  ranging  from  green  and  pale 
pink  to  deep  rosy-pink,  and  pale  to  deep  blue,  all  on 
the  same  plant  or  bush.  The  species  also  produces 
blue  flowers  naturally  in  the  open  border  or  shrub- 
bery at  Normanhurst,  in  Sussex.  The  contrast  of 
pink  and  blue  is  not  only  interesting,  but  of  great 
value  horticulturally,  and  might  be  turned  to  more 
practical  account  than  at  present  it  is.  Any  one 
with  modetate  means  at  commacd  might,  by  a  few 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


471 


carefully  conducted  experiments,  discover  some  prac- 
lirally  useful  method  of  producing  with  a  moderate 
device  of  certainty  the  desirable  blue  colour,  which 
would  have  ail  the  value  of  a  very  distinct  variety. 
Sseds  are  by  no  means  readily  produced  by  this 
species,  but  something  valuable  might  be  accomplished 
by  seed  sowing  and  selection.  J.  i^ 

The  Bradford  Gardeners'  Mutual  Improve- 
ment Society. — A  meeting  of  the  above  Socieiy 
was  held  at  Bradford  on  Thursday  last.  Mr.  C 
Elliot,  nf  Iluddtvifield,  spoke  on  the  prospects  of  ihe 
Society  and  its  usefulness  to  gardeners  by  enabling 
ihem  to  meet  together  and  exchange  ideas.  Mr, 
Barnshaw  read  a  paper  on  Euchari  amazonica,  which 
raised  a  warm  discussion  as  to  the  most  successful 
way  of  flowering  the  plant.  Mr.  F.  Newman,  gr. 
to  E.  Salt,  E-q.,  Ferniehurst,  explained  the  various 
experiments  he  had  mady  to  eradicate  the  so-called 
Eucharis  mite — efforts  thae  have  proved  successful 
beyond  his  expectations,  so  that  his  fine  specimens  of 
Eucharis,  Amiryllis,  Nerine,  Grififinia,  iS:c.,  are  in  the 
best  possible  condition.  [Will  Mr.  Newman  kindly 
publish  his  method.  Ed.].  The  meetings  are  held 
fortnightly,  and  several  members  have  promised  to 
read  papers  on  various  subjects.  Mr.  Thos.  Ilors- 
man,  nurseryman,  Bradford  and  Ilkley,  has 
generously  offered  a  prize  of  £\  \Qs.  to  under-gar- 
deners  for  the  best  paper  on  the  culture  of  Tea  K^ses 
in  pots  under  glass.  The  Society  is  being  taken  up 
with  great  spirit  by  the  gardeners  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, and  there  is  no  doubt  that  some  very  enjoya!>le 
and  instructive  evenings  will  be  spent  during  the 
coming  winter  month?.   A  Member. 

Cedar  at  Bretby  Park,  Burton-on-Trent. — In 
reference  to  your  remarks  at  p.  407,  I  wish  to  state 
that  the  gitih  of  our  Cedar  at  5  feet  from  the  ground 
is  16  feet  6  inches,  and  the  height  is  90  feet,  do. 
Brunt,  Gr. 

Market  Prices.— Vour  article  on  the  competition 
in  the  flower  and  plant  trade  by  foreigners  should  attract 
the  attention  of  the  trade,  all  of  whom  are  sufferers 
thereby,  and  stimulate  them  to  make  a  firm  stand 
against  the  free  importation  of  foreign-grown  goods. 
Shall  we  stand  silently  by  and  see  our  trade  annihilated 
by  men  who  do  not  contribute  one  penny  towards  the 
taxation  of  our  country,  while  we  are  taxed  to  the 
extreme  limits?  Can  it  ever  have  struck  our  rulers, 
as  it  has  done  me  within,  I  am  ashamed  to  say,  the 
last  two  years  (I  was  a  Free  Trader  till  then,  because 
I  had  never  looked  into  the  subject),  to  look  upon  our 
country  as  a  large  trading  firm,  in  which  we  are  all 
partners  in  different  degree?,  and  that  every  penny- 
worth of  goods  we  can  produce  in  the  firm,  and  by 
some  members  of  it,  and  which  we  now  import,  and  so 
pay  the  money  out  of  our  firm  to  a  foreign  him,  no 
mitter  what  the  cost  of  producing  by  our  own  firm 
might  be,  is  a  dead  loss  to  us.  Let  us  suppose  that  an 
article  which  could  be  bought  from  the  foreigner  for  5^. 
cost  lOJ'.  to  produce  in  the  firm,  yet  surely  if  the  5?. 
goes  to  another  firm,  ours  is  that  amount  poorer.  Well, 
this  process  is  going  on  to  the  tune  of  something  like 
^140,000.000  a  year,  ,^100,000,000  of  which  we  coulJ 
produce  in  our  own  ebtabli^hment.  If  there  was  .in 
import  duty  on  all  manufactured  articles  and  those 
brought  here  ready  for  use,  this  ^'100.000,000  would 
be  circulating  among  the  members  of  our  own  firm. 
What  matter  if  the  labourer  did  earn  £-z  a-week 
instead  of  ^i,  he  would  want  better  clothes  for 
himself  and  family,  better  food,  house,  and  educa- 
tion for  his  children,  and  he  would  be  able  to  pay  for 
it  ;  for  would  not  the  farmer  cultivate  every  inch 
of  his  farm  ?  The  master  and  his  men  would  want 
more  goods  from  the  town  shopkeeper,  they  in  return 
would  want  from  the  manufacturer ;  there  would  be 
no  complaining  of  dulness  in  trade,  for  would  not 
our  firm  be  ;^ioo,ooo,ooo  better  off  every  year  from 
goods  produced  in  the  shop?  I  would  ask  what 
business  have  we  to  keep  foreign  workmen  employed 
while  our  own  members  are  begging  their  bread  ? 
We  have  the  labour  and  the  land  both  now  running 
to  waste.  Surely  soon,  as  a  nation,  we  shall_see  that 
this  so-called  free  trade  is  working  ruin  to  ourselves, 
throwing  land  and  gardens  out  of  cultivation,  and 
making  it  worthless.  If  the  forthcoming  Horticul- 
tural Palace  Company,  of  which  I  saw  a  notice  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  the  iSth  ult.,  becomes  a 
fait  aciornplij  I  hope  I  may  be  the  means  of  forming 
a  centre  round  which  the  trade  may  rally  and  make 
their  importance  felt.  EJiuard  Collins.  [We  do  not 
believe  that  taxation  of  the  food  of  the  many,  for  the 
advantage  of  the  few,  will  commend  itself  to  our 
rulers  while  population  is  increasing  at  its  present 
rate.  Eu.] 

Autumn-flowering  Amaryllis. — Those  two  very 
charming  varieties,  Mrs.  William  Lee  and  Mrs.  Gar- 
field, are  now  to  be  seen  in  flower  at  th^  Victoria 
Nurseries,  Ilolloway.  These  two  forms  originated 
from  a  cross  between  A.  reticulata  and  one  of  the  fine 
spring-flowering  varieties,  the  former  being  the  seed 
parent,  with  the  happy  result  that  there  has   been 


obtained  a  race  of  autumn-flowering  types,  with 
flowers  of  large  size.  Both  those  named  have  the 
colour  of  pink  prevailing,  the  habit  being  that  of  a 
reticulata.  There  is  no  reason  why,  in  course  of  time, 
there  should  not  be  a  number  of  autumn-flowering 
forms  rapidly  approaching  in  size  and  form  tha superb 
blosjoms  of  the  spring  flowering  types.   A'.  D. 

Mulberry  with  Dimorphic  Leaves.— A  large 
lower  limb  was  cut  from  an  old  Mulberry  tree  here  a 
year  ago,  at  about  3  feet  above  ground  level.  This 
year  shoots  bearing  deep  cut  trilobed  leaves  have 
been  produced  from  the  margins  of  the  old  scar  or 
wound.  These  cut  leaves  remind  one  of  those  of  the 
Paper  Mulberry  {— Broussonetia  papyrifera)  rather 
than  as  belonging  to  the  typical  Morus.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  if  seedling  Mulberry  trees  have 
entire  heart-shaped  or  lobed  leaves.  Herewith  I  send 
you  specimens  of  the  two  kinds  of  leaves,  and  it 
would  be  interesting  to  hear  if  such  a  marked  case  of 
dimorphism  has  been  observed  before,  F.  W.  Bur- 
I'iJ^e,  Trinity  College  Botanical  Gardens,  Diddin, 
Sept,  27.  [The  occurrence  is  not  unusual,  and  ii  ob- 
served generally  on  trees  that  have  been  cut  down 
to  within  a  short  distance  of  the  soil.  It  is  frequent 
in  Acer  and  (,)aercu?.  Ed.] 

Since    wiiting     on    the   above   Mr.    Robert 

Lindsay,  Curator  of  the  Edinburgh  Garden,  has 
called  here,  and  he  tells  me  that  sending  Mulberry 
plants  .have  deeply  lobed  leaves,  similar  to  the 
specimens  of  the  reversion  from  the  normal  cordate 
and  entire  foliage  as  sent  to  you.  I  also  further 
notice  that  a  few  of  the  stem  shoots  of  the  white 
Mulberry,  Morus  alba,  are  also  lobed  in  a  similar 
manner,  these  shoots  likewise  springing  from  old 
scats  made  in  pruning  the  stem  or  bole  from  time  to 
time.  The  facts  of  the  cases  above  alluded  to  are 
plain,  but  at  present  it  is  not  so  clear  why  Morus 
leaves  gradually  change  from  the  lubed  leaves  of  the 
seedlings  to  the  entire  heart-shaped  stage,  and  now 
and  then  revert  to  their  original  form,  while  Brousso- 
netia  retains  its  cut  leaves  altogether.  Does  Brous- 
sonetia ever  produce  entire  foliage  ?  F,  IV.  B, 

Herbaceous  Plants. — In  most  cases  in  which 
the  term  herbaceous  is  employed  in  ilower  show 
schedules  it  is  intended  to  have  a  wide  application, 
and  is  perhaps  used  because  those  who  conbtruct 
schedules  forget  that  herbaceous  does  not  mean  peren- 
nial. Because  of  this  intention,  which  is  seldom 
cUarly  expressed,  judges  usually  admit  into  the 
class  for  herbaceous  cut  flowers  all  kinds  of  hardy 
perennials,  even  including  flowers  from  shrubs, 
such  as  Roses,  Camellias,  Azaleas.  If  in  the  future 
terms  were  always  employed  which  really  conveyed 
clearly  the  precise  intentions  of  flower  showcommittee?, 
much  grumbling  and  quibbling  might  be  saved.  I  think 
it  would  be  a  rare  circumstance  were  any  stand  of 
twelve  kinds  of  herbaceous  flowers  so-called  shown 
that  were  truly  such.  Almost  invariably  some  hardy 
perennials  are  included,  and  with  the  majority  of 
judges  these  would  pass  muster.  In  some  few  cases 
there  may  be  disqualification,  but  only  where,  to  use  an 
old  phrase,  "the  letter  killeth."  A  rigid  adhesion  to 
the  letter  loo  often  but  ends  in  harshness,  and  in  an 
interpretation  never  intended.  In  our  courts  of  justice 
judges  are  olten  called  upon  to  interpret  Acts  of  Par- 
iiament  which  seem  difticult  to  construe,  and  as  a  rule 
their  construction  is  accepted  as  good  law.  In  the 
same  way,  where  judges  have  time  after  time  con- 
strued the  term  "  herbaceous  "  to  mean  "  perennial  " 
also,  it  seems  undesirable  that  such  judge-made  law 
should  not  be  universally  accepted  and  adopted. 
A.  D.  [The  judges  should  carry  out  the  letter  of  the 
schedule  as  exactly  a>  possible,  and  leave  the  com- 
mittee to  exercise  the  functions  of  a  Court  of  Appeal, 
and  temper  law  with  equity  if  they  think  fit.   Ed] 

Spiranthes  Romanzoviana  (the  Lost  Irish 
Orctiid). — When  I  was  a  very  small  boy  in  a  very 
small  village  in  the  Foxshire  country,  I  had  an 
instinct  for  making  friends  with  all  the  "  wise  men  " 
of  the  place.  One  of  them,  an  eccentric  old  French 
clock-maker,  musician  and  mender  of  all  things 
worth  mending  to  boot,  used  to  iay — *'  Come  to  see 
me  little  man  at  every  times  you  like,"  an  invitation 
of  which  I  made  the  most,  and  so  learned  many  things 
I  should  not  like  either  to  "cease  to  remember  "  or 
to  forget.  When  I  did  my  best  to  relate  to  him  the 
village  gossip,  he,  good  man,  with  his  sixty  years' 
experience  of  the  world,  would  laugh — "Ah!  you 
tell  the  truth,  but,  mon  ami  tendre,  there  is  a 
— a  behind ;  "  and  then  he  would  tell  me  the 
causes  of  the  results  which  had  startled  me. 
Now  I  wish  to  tell  my  good  and  valued 
friend  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster  that  he  has  told 
the  truth,  but  not  the  whole  truth  anent  ray  living 
specimen  of  this  curious  Irish  Orchid.  There  is  a 
"behind!"  True,  they  were  thrown  away  by  an 
under-gardener,  who  had  a  bad  time  when  I  dis- 
covered it,  and  who  tried  to  assure  me  that  there  was 
nothing  but  a  sod  of  grass  in  the  pot.  He  knew 
nothing  of  the  "  behind  "  so  interesting  to  me  beneath 
the  sod.     He,  and  others,  and  myself,  raked  over  the 


rubbish  heap  and  I  kept  my  eyes  on  it  for  days,  but 
no  signs  of  the  sod  were  seen,  and  finally  I  gave  up  the 
quest  as  hopeless,  and  thought  no  more — that  is,  I 
tried  to  think  no  more — ^of  the  matter.  This  was  in 
October,  after  the  leaves  had  died  down.  In  the 
February  following  I  was  walking  round  the  garden  one 
quiet  warm  Sunday  morning  when  Crocus  gleamed  in 
the  sunlight,  and  the  thrushes  were  singing  on  every 
bough.  Passing  one  of  the  Privet  hedges  surrounding 
the  rubbish  yard,  out  flew  a  blackbird,  a  fine  glossy 
fellow,  with  a  beak  of  gold.  Ah  !  thought  I,  "  you 
are  early  with  your  nest,"  and  I  parted  the  dense 
mass  of  growth  to  see  into  the  centre.  There  was  no 
nest,  but  there,  in  the  hedge,  rested  a  sod,  brown  and 
dry.  I  thought  nothing  of  my  los'^,  but  curiosity 
prompted  me  to  pull  it  out,  and  then  a  lump  came 
into  my  throat  as  I  paited  it  and  saw  the  white 
tubers  quite  safely  ensconced  therein.  In  a  word,  my 
pet  Orchid  was  found  again,  and,  like  the  lost  sheep, 
or  the  piece  of  silver,  was  loved  and  cherished  more 
than  before.  It  is  now  safe  here,  and  this  season  bore 
two  strong  growths,  although  it  did  not  bloom. 
My  best  friends  tell  me  I  am  an  optimist,  and  so 
far  as  this  applies  to  the  above  sweet  little  Orchid 
I  own  to  being  an  optimist  of  Ihe  first  water.  I 
happen  to  enjoy  the  friendship  of  one  who  has  col- 
lected Spiranthes  Romanzoviana  at  Beathaven,  and 
he  assure;  me  that  where  it  was  found  by  himself 
neither  Potatos  nor  Oats  could  possibly  thrive  — in  a 
word,  neither  he  nor  I  really  believe  now  that  this 
delicious  little  Orchid  is  really  "  evicted  "  from  at  lea^t 
oneof  its  Irish  habitats.  The  plant  is  not  at  all  difticult  to 
cultivate  in  a  sod  of  moist  soil,  and  even  if  thro*  n  away 
as  mine  was,  it  may  possibly  turn  up  again  alive  after 
many  days.  Next  flowering  season — say  July  or 
August — I  hope  to  make  an  especial  pilgrimage  to 
see  for  myself  if  this  rare  plant  is  really  evicted  or  not, 
and  I  should  be  very  glad  if  Mr.  Webster  would  join 
me  in  the  search.  In  the  meantime  I  hope  Mr. 
Gumbleton  and  his  friends  will  keep  their  minds  on 
the  question,  and  do  their  best  to  preserve  to  us 
the  "  Irish  Lady's  Tresses,"  as  his  Spiranthes  hiber- 
nica  is  popularly  called.  If  things  come  to  the  worst 
— that  is,  if  it  is  really  and  thoroughly  destroyed, 
which  I  do  not  as  yet  quite  believe — well,  then,  we 
must  import  tubers  from  America,  and  try  our  best  to 
estalilish  or  naturalise  them  again  in  Ireland.  F.  IT, 
Biirbidge,  F.L.S. 

Begonia  Princess  Beatrice. — In  his  almost  un- 
rivalled flower  garden  at  Hecktield  Place,  Mr.  Wild- 
smith,  who  is  constantly  providing  some  floral  sur- 
prise for  visitors,  has  a  striking  one  this  season  in  this 
charming  mule  hybrid  Begonia.  He  has  used  it 
largely  as  a  "dot  "  plant,  placing  it  in  the  middle  of  a 
pretty  panel  of  some  dwarf  growing  Sedum  or  kindred 
mossy  plant,  and  there  it  is  flowering  with  marvellous 
profusion.  It  does  not  trouble  itself  about  the  pro- 
duction of  seeds,  being  a  mule,  and  therefore  it  can 
and  does  devote  its  whole  energies  to  the  develop- 
ment of  blossoms.  It  may  interest  some  to  know  that 
this  is  one  of  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  novelties,  that  it 
resulted  from  Begonia  semperflorens  x  B.  Schmidu. 
It  is  exceedingly  free-flowering,  and  opening  white 
then  changes  to  delicate  salmon.  It  may  be  said  to 
he  a  continuous  bloomer,  and  plants  that  have  been  in 
the  open  ground  all  the  summer  flower  all  through 
the  winter  if  they  are  lifted  from  the  open  ground  and 
placed  in  pots  in  a  warm  house  ;  and  under  glass  the 
blossoms  are  nearly  if  not  quite  white.  Now  that 
Begonias  are  becoming  such  favourite  bedding  plant?. 
Princess  Beatrice  should  he  looked  after.  It  is  of 
medium  compact  growth,  and  in  point  of  habit  a 
model  bedding  plant.  A  large  patch  of  it  at  Reading 
is  worth  going  some  distance  to  see.  J\.  D. 

Rubus  phcenicolasius  (see  illustration  of  Sep- 
tember iS,  p.  365). — This  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
species  of  Rubus,  and  as  such  deserves  to  be  geneially 
cultivated,  and  to  have  a  good  position  in  the  garden, 
I  have  never  seen  it  finer  than  in  the  temperate- 
house  at  Kew,  but  here  it  does  extremely  well  against 
an  east  wall,  and  seems  with  that  amount  of  protec- 
tion to  be  perfectly  hardy.  One  plant  I  have  in  the 
open,  four  years  old,  has  not  yet  been  injured.  The 
old  canes  that  have  fruited  should  be  cut  away  on  the 
principle  of  Raspberry  culture.  It  grows  fast,  and  is 
easily  raised  from  seed.  Another  scarlet-fruited  species 
I  have,  R.  parvifolius,  is  even  still  finer  and  bolder 
in  fruit  than  R.  phcenicolasius,  but  the  plant  is  not 
so  handsome,  as  the  reddish  glandular  hairs  are  want- 
ing. The  carpels  are  large,  o(  ruby  colour,  and 
glistening  like  stained  glass.  This  does  extremely 
wall  in  the  open  bed,  and  fruits  freely.  R.  J.  Lynch. 
[The  plant  is  growing  vigorously,  and  bearing  fruit 
on  the  northern  slope  of  the  rockery  at  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son's  nursery  at  Broxbourne.   Ed.]. 

Bees  and  Colour, — In  last  Saturday's  Gardeners* 
Chronicle  "J.  F."  says — "It  is  asserted  by  many 
that  colour  has  no  influence  on  bees — that,  in  fact, 
they  are  colour  blind,"  while  others  assert  difterently, 
and  that  they  have  "  no  preference  for  flowers  of  any 
particular   hue,"    The  fact   is  they  visit   flowers   to 


472 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  9,  18 


obtain  honey,  and  no  doubt  have,  very  sensibly,  a 
preference  for  those  that  produce  the  most,  quite 
regardless  of  colour.  A  fact  not  generally  known, 
but  proving  the  wonderful  instinct  of  bees,  is  that  they 
collect  from  one  description  of  plant  or  tree  only  at  a 
time.  Thus,  from  Mignonette,  Lavender,  Thyme, 
Heath,  or  Lime  tree.  Some  bees  collect  from  one 
sort  and  some  from  another.  They  doubtless  discern 
colour,  as  their  sight  is  particularly  sharp,  but  it  is 
their  exquisite  sense  of  smell  alone  that  serves  them 
in  collecting  honey,  as  is  proved  by  their  never  visit- 
ing unmelliferous  flowers  of  any  hue,  and  from  their 
collecting  it,  as  they  do,  in  large  quantity  from  two 
small  glands  near  the  foot-stalk  on  the  underside 
of  Laurel  leaves  in  spring,  when  flowers  are  scarce. 
There  is  no  fear  that  the  food  of  bees  will  run  short 
in  country  districts  as  a  constant  succession  of  flowers 
from  early  spring  to  late  in  autumn  will  always  afford 
a  good  supply.  Light  hives  are  occasioned  most 
frequently  by  late  swarming,  cold  wet  seasons,  and 
bad  management.   W.  //.  R' 


WINTER  CABBAGE  LETTUCE, 
BUTTERHEAD. 
This  new  kind  of  Lettuce,  large,  light  green,  and 
compact,  which  during  the  two  years  it  has  been  cul- 
tivated has  proved  to  be  perfectly  constant  and  hardy, 
is  the  best  sort  of  winter  Lettuce,  and  which,  according 
to  the  statement  of  the  raiser,  M.  Paul  Neidhardt, 
of  Erlurt,  excels  all  other  winter  kinds  at  present  in 
the  market,  owing  lo  its  early  ripening,  long  dura- 
tion, firmness  of  head,  large  size,  crispness  of  leaf, 
and  delicacy  of  flavour.  Even  when  exposed  to  con- 
tinuous heat  it  forms  compact  and  firm  heads,  which, 
when  the  plant  is  liberally  manured,  will  attain  the 
enormous  weight  of  i  lb.  each.  All  parts  exposed  to  the 
sun's  rays  are  of  a  light  green  colour,  whilst  the  in- 
terior leaves  are  of  a  golden  yellow.  This  "  Butter- 
head  "  cannot  be  strongly  enough  recommended  to 
all  such  as  delight  in  an  early  and  delicately  flavoured 
Lettuce.     It  produces  very  little  seed. 


Alfreston,  Worcester  Pearmain,  Wellington  and 
Warnerl  King,  the  whole  collection  being  un- 
doubtedly one  of  the  finest  as  regards  size  of  fruit, 
freedom  from  blemish,  and  colour.  Mr.  S.  Ford, 
gr.  to  L.  A.  Wallace,  Esq.,  Leonardslee,  Horsham, 
was  2d,  and  having  good  examples  o(  Emperor 
Alexander,  Rambour  France,  Red  Hawthornden, 
Golden  Reinette,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  and  Red 
Devonshire,  a  fruit  similar  to  Quarrendcn  in  colour 
but  not  in  form.  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  A. 
Brassy,  Esq  ,  Preston  Hall,  Aylesford,  was  3d,  with 
many  fine  fruits  from  cordons  and  standard  trees,  the 
specimens  of  Blenheim  Pippin,  Alexandra  and  Peas- 
good's  Nonsuch  being  especially  so. 

Twelve  dishes  of  Apples.  — 1st  Mr.  W.  Jones,  gr.  to 
J.  R.  Brougham,  Esq.,  Wallington  Bridge,  Carshal- 
lon,  whose  specimens  of  King  Pippins,  Washington, 
Ribston,  Dutch  Codlin,  Scarlet  Nonpareil,  Blenheim 
Pippin,  and  Wellington  were  very  fine,  2d,  Mr.  W. 
Jacob,  Pound  Street,  Petworth  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  J.  Gold- 
smith, gr.  Kelsey  Manor,  Beckenham.  In  this  class 
six  other  collections  were  shown. 

Collections  of  Pears  (Open). 

Mr.  T.  Butler,  gr.  to  A.  J.  Thomas,  Esq.,  Orchard 
Lane,  "Sittingbourne,  Kent,  was  1st  with  96  kinds, 
gathered  mainly  from  bush  and  cordon  trees.  Some 
of  the  specimens  were  of  great  size,  notably  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  of  20  oz.  each ;  Doyenne  Boussoch,  Duchesse 
d'Angouleme,  Williams'  Bon  Chreiien,  Louise  Bonne 
de  Jersey,  of  beautiful  tints  ;  Doyenne  du  Cornice, 
Conseiller  de  la  Cour,  as  showing  the  effects  of  soil 
and  climate.  As  all  were  from  the  open  ground,  this 
exhibit  deservedly  met  with  much  notice.  The  next 
best  collection  was  that  from  Messrs.  T.  Rivers  & 
Son,  Sawbridgeworth,  consistmg  of  fruits  from  trees 
growing  in  many  instances  in  pots,  therefore  affording 
excellent  evidence  of  the  adaptability  ol  the  Pear  to 
this  mode  of  growing  fruits.  Several  of  Mr.  Rivers' 
seedlings  figured   in  the  collection,   as   yet  without 


CRYSTAL  PALACE:  October  6-9. 
The  customary  exhibition  ol  hardy  fruits,  vege- 
tables, and  Gourds,  took  place  on  the  above  dates, 
when  a  very  fair  collection  of  all  kinds  was  brought 
together,  but  the  absence  of  the  Potato,  which  figured 
so  imposingly  at  many  previous  shows  at  this  season, 
considerably  reduced  the  extent  of  the  display.  The 
unfavourable  dryness  of  the  season  in  the  eastern 
and  southern  counties,  from  which  the  main  quantity 
ot  fruits  are  supplied,  appears  to  have  told  on  the 
Pears,  these  fruits  having  a  want  of  finish  and  size  in 
several  collections  from  localities  whence  in  other 
years  some  ol  the  finest  specimens  have  been  drawn. 
The  first  place  for  Apples  and  Pears  fell  to  Kentish 
growers,  the  examples  shown  by  Mr.  Butler  and 
Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.  having  been  rarely 
excelled. 

Collections  of  Apples  (Open). 
Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  the  Old  Nurseries, 
Maidstone,  took  the  1st  prize  with  130  dishes,  con- 
sisting of  the  leading  kinds,  of  which  we  may  men- 
tion, as  being  of  exceptional  merit,  the  following  : — 
Melon,  a  delicious,  melting,  medium-sized  dessert 
kind  of  a  high  order ;  the  Queen,  Alexandra, 
Warner's  King,  very  large  ;  Cox's  Orange,  of  half  a 
pound  weight  each  ;  Lady  Henniker,  Golden  Noble, 
the  new  kind— Sandringham,  Beauty  of  Kent,  Pre- 
mier, of  a  bright  crimson  hue;  very  large  Old  Non- 
such and  Claygate  Pearmain  ;  New  or  Winter  Haw- 
thornden, and  King  of  the  Pippins.  The  2d  prize 
fell  to  Mr.  Watkins,  Pomona  farm,  Willington,  Here- 
ford, for  fruit  generally  of  a  large  size  and  high  colour, 
very  fine  being  Cox's  Pomona,  Winter  Hawthornden, 
Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Calville 
Rouge,  Gloria  Mundi,  and  Emperor  Alexander  ;  3d, 
Mr  C.J.  Sclater,  Birchey  Barton,  Heavitree,  Devon, 
in  whose  lot  we  noted  the  Cornish  Gilliflower,  Summer 
ditto,  Cornish  Aromatic,  Court  Pendu  plat.  Great 
Sultan,  Gloria  Mundi,  and  numerous  sorts  besides, 
which  are  but  little  known  or  grown  out  of  the  county ; 
4th,  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  gr.,  Powdeiham  Castle, 
Exeter,  with  a  smaller  collection  than  the  others, 
but  consisting  of  kinds  well  grown,  and  excellent. 

The  next  competition  (amateurs)  as  regards  num- 
bers was  that  for  twenty-four  dishes,  in  which  Mr. 
Edwards,  gr.  to  H.  Higgins,  Esq.,  Shinghill,  Here- 
ford, took  the  1st  prize,  very  good  examples  being 
found  in  White  and  Red  Costard  early  kinds ; 
Alexandra,    Potts'  Seedling,     Peasgood's    Nonsuch, 


names,  o(  whose  quality  we  are  yet  unable  to  speak, 
but  in  size  and  appearance  they  are  highly  ornamental. 
Other  known  kinds  of  large  size  were  Marie  Louise 
d'Uccle,  Beurre  Diel,  B.  Rouge,  Durondeau,  Duchesse 
de  Mouchy,  Beurr^  Alexander  Lucas,  Rivers'  seedling 
Bergamotte,  Marie  Benoist,  and  Pitmaston  Duchess. 
Mr.  Waterman  took  the  3d  prize,  with  a  collection 
consisting  of  many  fine  examples,  but  lost  place 
by  putting  up  several  dishes  of  small  specimens. 
Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  were  4th  in  this  class,  with 
seventy-one  dishes  of  average  merit. 

Twelve  dishes  of  Pears  (amateurs). — Mr.  S.  Ford 
was  1st  in  this  competition,  the  examples  of  King 
Edward,  Beurre  Bosc,  Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Vicar 
of  Winkfield,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  and  Marie 
Louise  being  his  best.  2d  Mr.  Waterman,  whose 
fruits  of  Brockworth  Park,  Gansel's  Bergamotte, 
Durondeau  were  excedingly  fine  ;  3d  Mr.  W.  Neigh- 
bour, gr.  to  G,  Wythes,  Esq.,  Bickley— nice  speci- 
mens, clear  in  the  rind  and  of  fair  size. 

Collections  of  Vegetables  (Open). 

With  vegetables  generally  no  fault  could  be  found 
unless  we  take  exception  to  the  enormous  size  of  the 
Cauliflowers,  and  the  length  of  the  Parsnip  tails  ; 
Mushrooms  were  poor,  but  then  few  gardeners  have 
places  in  which  to  grow  these  esculents  cool  enough 
at  this  season  to  suit  their  needs.  We  think  exhi- 
bitors should  endeavour  to  show  more  varieties  of 
such  Peas  as  are  found  to  succeed  well  late  in  the 
season,  for  Peas  were  notable  for  their  infrequent 
appearance  in  the  collections,  and  as  there  is  no  rule 
to  exclude  more  than  one  kind  it  would  be  an 
advantage  to  the  craft  to  see  more  varieties  on  the 
show-table. 

Mr.  Waterman  was  placed  deservedly  1st  with  the 
extraordinary  number  of  nineiy-one  sorts  and  varieties. 
Beans,  both  Runner  and  French,  Celery,  Carrots, 
Potatos,  Savoys,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Cauliflowers,  were 
fine  and  large ;  we  also  remarked  four  kinds  of 
Tomatos,   four  of  Potatos,   four  of  Onions,   and  the 


same  number  of  Capsicums.  Herbs,  Spinach, 
salading,  were  all  abundant  and  good.  Mr.  Wythes, 
gr.,  Bickley  Park,  Chislehurst,  was  2d,  with  an  almost 
as  good  a  collection,  the  Cauliflowers,  Leeks,  Cab- 
bages, Potatos,  Onions,  and  Maize  being  everything 
that  could  he  desired.  3d.  Mr.  W.  Must,  "George  and 
Dragon"  Hotel,  Igtham,  Kent — the  Tomatos,  Brussels 
Sprouts,  Cauliflowers,  Globe  Artichokes,  and  Beet- 
roots being  especially  fine. 

Twelve  dishes  of  vegetables  (amateurs). — Mr.  Waite, 
gr.  to  Colonel  Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher,  was  the  win- 
ner of  the  1st  prize  in  this  class,  the  items  shown  being 
good,  as  we  always  remark  as  coming  from  Glenhurst. 
They  consisted  of  the  following  : — Celery  :  Major 
Clarke's ;  Leek  :  Sutton's  Prize,  large  and  thick  ; 
Beans  :  Carter's  Champion  Runner  ;  Carrots  :  Sutton's 
New  Intermediate  ;  Potato  :  Snowdrop  ;  Tomato: 
.Sutton's  Perfection  ;  Cauliflower  :  Veitch's  Autumn 
Giant ;  Beet  :  Pragnall's.  than  which  there  is  none 
better  ;  Onion  :  Anglo- Spanish,  a  strain  of  white 
Spanish,  but  larger  than  the  type.  The  rest  was 
made  up  of  a  few  smaller  things.  Mr.  J.  Neighbour 
took  the  2d  prize  ;  3d,  Mr.  Waterman. 

Six  dishes  of  vegetables  (cottagers).  —  Mr.  W. 
Thayre,  New  Town,  Crawley,  took  the  1st  prize  ;  Mr. 
E.  Hall,  7r,  Great  Queen  Street.  Dartford,  2d  ;  and 
Mr.  Beckett,  Tyler's  Green,  Amersham,  the  3d, 
There  were  three  other  competitors. 

The  heaviest  Gourd  was  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Rad- 
bourne,  gr.  to  Baroness  Heaton,  Coombe  House, 
Croydon,  and  weighed  139  lb.  ;  the  2d  best  by  Mr. 
G.  Sheppard,  Pulborough,  Sussex,  with  Daniel's  Yel- 
low Mammoth,  weighing  irg  lb.:  3d,  Mr.  W.  D, 
Cochrane,  Fortune  Green,  Hampstead,  with  one  of 
loi  lb. 

Mr.  Dance,  gr.  to  Colonel  Lowe,  Gosfield  Hall, 
Essex,  took  the  1st  prize  for  a  nice  collection  of  orna- 
mental Gourds  ;  and  Mr.  Osman  of  the  South  Metro- 
politan District  Schools,  Sutton,  the  2d  prize,  for  a 
most  equally  interesting  exhibit. 

Miscellaneous. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  showed  a  col- 
lection of  fine  Pears,  numbering  sixty  dishes,  and  a 
large  collection  of  culinary  and  dessert  Apples,  mostly 
the  production  of  their  fruit  nursery  at  Fulham. 
The  best  and  better  known  varieties  were  those 
shown,  and  although  excelled  by  some  others  from 
more  favoured  localities,  the  size  of  many  was  not 
exceeded  by  any. 

Messrs.  T.  River  &  Son,  showed  seedling  Plums, 
viz..  Autumn  Compote,  a  red  variety  like  Victoria, 
but  rather  smaller  ;  D'Automnede  Schamal,alarge  red 
Plum,  2  inches  in  long  diameter  ;  Monarch,  a  blue 
coloured  variety,  as  large  as  Kirke's  ;  and  Grand  Duke 
d'Automne,  an  oval  blue  Plum ;  all  are  of  good  crop- 
ping qualities. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  showed 
a  good  collection  of  fruit,  consisting  of  ninety  kinds 
of  Apples,  and  forty  of  Pears. 

Messrs.  G.  and  J.  Lane,  Cockmanning  Nursery,  St. 
Mary's  Cray,  exhibited  100  kinds  of  Apples,  the  speci- 
mens being  generally  of  medium  size,  and  colouring 
high.  A  few  fruits  of  seedling  Apples  were  shown 
by  various  persons,  but  there  was  nothing  which  calls 
for  special  notice. 

A  fine  dish  of  Late  American  Peaches,  either 
Salway  or  Sea  Eagle,  was  shown  by  Mr.  E.  Oilman, 
gr.,  Ingestre  Hall,  Stafford  ;  and  splendid  Pitmaston 
Duchess  Pears  came  from  Mr.  J.  Burdett,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
L.  Raynor,  St.  Ives  Place,  Maidenhead. 

Mr.  J.  Butler  of  Sittingbourne  had  dishes  of 
Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey, 
Doyenne  Boussoch,  fine  of  colour  and  size. 

Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  showed  Tomato 
Pedigree,  a  large  variety  without  ribs. 

Dahlias  of  various  classes  were  shown  by  Messrs, 
Cheal  &  Sons,  Crawley.  Mr.  C.  Turner  of  Slough, 
whose  eighty-four  blooms  of  show  and  fancy  kinds 
were  of  great  merit  ;  and  this  year's  flowering  seed- 
lings of  tuberous  Begonia  were  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
Laing  &  Co. 


LUTON   FRUIT,  VEGETABLE  AND 
ROOT  SHOW  :   Sept.  29. 

One  of  the  most  commendable  little  shows  of  fruit, 
vegetables,  and  agricultural  roots  we  have  seen  for  a 
long  time  was  held  on  the  above  date  at  Luton,  in  the 
Waller  Street  Plait  Hall,  as  the  result  of  the  labours  of 
an  active  working  committee  which  was  called  to- 
gether some  six  weeks  ago,  Mr.  J.  Cadger  officiating 
as  secretary. 

This  was  the  first  show  ol  the  kind  at  Luton,  and 
although  the  number  of  entries  was  not  extensive,  the 
quality  of  the  exhibits  was  such  as  to  give  the  com- 
mittee every  encouragement. 

Amongst  the  most  successful  exhibitors  of  vegetables 
in  the  open  division  was  Mr.  H.  L.  Sell,  ol  Luton  ; 
the  collection  which  carried  off  premier  honours  was  a 
splendid  show  and  admirably  staged — Mr.  J.  Cadger 
(the  secretary  of  the  show)  winning  2d  prize,  the  most 
notable  features  in  the  collection  being  some  capital 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


473 


dishes  of  Yorkshire  Hero  and  International  Potatos, 
with  some  good  Tomatos  of  Carter's  selection. 

Mr.  John  Wood,  nurseryinan,  of  Luton,  took  an 
extra  2d  in  this  class,  a  prominent  exhibit  being  a 
fine  Gourd  of  60  lb.  weight,  also  a  twin  Pumpkin. 

A  dish  of  new  fruit,  the  American  Parsley-leaf 
Blackberry,  attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention. 

Madame  de  Falbe  (gr.,  Mr.  Baillie),  The  Hoo, 
Luton,  was  awarded  an  extra  1st  for  an  excellent  col- 
lection of  vegetables. 

The  same  exhibitor  also  staged,  not  for  competition, 
a  ma:»niticent  collection  of  fruit,  comprising  many  of 
the  best  varieties  of  Peaches,  Apples,  Plums,  Figs, 
and  (irapes,  but  the  collection  lacked  the  interest  it 
de-served,  as  the  exhibits  were  not  named. 

The  exhibit  of  fruit  by  Messrs.  Lane  &  Son,  of 
Birkhamstead,  was  most  extensive  and  valuable,  and 
in  every  way  worthy  of  those  famous  fruit  growers. 
It  comprised  six  varieties  of  Grapes,  more  than  fifty 
varieties  of  Apples,  forty-five  varieties  of  Plums,  and 
hilf-a  dozen  kinds  of  nuts  and  Filberts. 

Apples. 

The  Apples  comprised  among  others,  examples  of 
the  following  :— The  Schoolmaster,  Worcester  Pear- 
miin,  Lidy  Henniker,  Line's  Prince  Albert.  For 
specimens  of  the  older  varieties  we  may  select  the 
Catihead,  Gal  ten  Noble,  Keswick  Codlin,  and  Rib- 
ston  Pippin. 

From  the  list  of  dessert  kinds  may  be  mentioned — ■ 
E>:klinville  Pippin,  King  of  Pippins,  Scarlet  Non- 
pareil, Devonshire  Quarienden,  Dumelow's  Seedling, 
and  Pitmaston  Nonpareil. 

Kitchen  Apples  were  numerously  represented. 

Plums. 

These  were  excellent,  examples  of  the  following 
being  noticed  :  — Belle  de  Louvain,  Magnum  Bonum 
White,  Cox's  Ennperor,  Sindall's  Belle  Septembre, 
G  >lden  E^peren,  Grand  Duke,  Eirly  Transparent 
Gage,  Archduke,  Jefferson,  Diamond,  Bond's  Seed- 
ling, Coe's  Golden  Drop,  Sutton's  Prince  Englebert, 
R:me  Claude  de  Bavay. 

A  capital  basket  of  Farleigh  Prolific,  or  Chester 
Damson,  of  great  merit,  was  exhibited. 

Grapes. 

Splendid  bunches,  consisting  of  Muscat  Ilam- 
burj^h,  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Alicante,  Golden 
Qa^en,  and  Gros  Colmar,  the  latter  with  large  round 
berries  of  enormous  size. 

Ill  the  open  classes  for  four  bunches  of  Grapes,  J. 
Bluodell  Maple,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  T.  Nutting),  Child- 
wickbury,  St.  Albans,  secured  premier  honours  for 
two  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh,  and  two  bunches 
of  Muscat  of  Alexandria. 

Peaches, 
two  dishes  (distinct),   six  of  each.  —  1st  prize  went  to 
the  Hon.    F.   Lyon  (gr.,   Mr.  T.  Hogg),  The  Hyde, 
Luton;  2d,   Mrs.    Drake  Garrard   (gr.,    Mr.   G.  Til- 
bury), Lamer  Park,  Wheathamstead. 

Melon, 
any    variety. — 1st,    Hon.    F.     Lyon  ;    2d,    Mr.    G. 
Worsley. 

Farm  Produce 

formed  an  interesting  feature  of  the  show,  and  was 
very  well  represented. 

The  attendance  was  not  as  numerous  as  the  com- 
mittee could  have  wished,  or  as  the  exhibition 
mer-ted. 


what  the  skill  of  the  operator,  his  labour  would  be  at 
a  discount.  The  whole  system  of  successful  propaga- 
tion, he  said,  might  be  described  thus— to  produce 
circumstances  and  surroundings  that  would  prevent 
undue  evaporation,  at  the  same  time  maintain  cir- 
culation and  plant  growth,  until  such  time  as  roots 
could  be  formed  in  the  cutting,  and  a  union  between 
stock  and  scion.  Interesting  discussions  followed  both 
the  papers,  and  a  vote  of  thanks  was  given  to  each  of 
the  authors. 

The  exhibits  on  the  table  included  Orchid  blooms, 
sent  in  by  Mr.  Alexander  Grant,  St.  Leonard's  Hill, 
Dunfermline  ;  a  collection  ol  Cactus  Dahlias,  and 
twenty-eight  varieties  of  Carnations,  by  Archibald 
Thomson,  Beech  Hill  Gardens,  Haddington ;  three 
new  summer-flowering  Chrysanthemums  and  a  new 
white  tuberous-rooted  Begonia,  named  Miss  Nisbet 
Hamilton,  by  Messrs.  Thomas  Methven  &  Sons,  Edin- 
burgh ;  cut  flowers  of  Mme.  Desgrangeand  blooms  of 
the  new  golden  variety  in  remarkably  fine  condition, 
by  Wm.  Rushton,  Clerwood,  Corstorphine,  for  which 
a  Cultural  Certificate  was  awarded  ;  hardy  flowers  by 
Mr.  Morris,  Hay  Lodge,  Trinity  ;  blooms  of  early- 
flowering  Chrysanthemums,  by  Mr.  M'Millan,  Edge- 
hill,  Dean  ;  and  a  collection  of  Apples  from  maiden 
trees,  an  American  variety  named  Washington  being 
very  fine,  by  Mr.  John  Downie,  nurseryman,  Beech 
Hill,  Corstorphine.  Scottish  lievis. 


SCOTTISH     HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  monthly  meeting  of  this  Association  was  held 
this  week  at  5.  St.  Andrew  Square,  Edinburgh, 
Mr.  Alexander  Milne,  President,  in  the  chair.  There 
was  a  good  attendance  of  members. 

Mr.  James  Cole,  Craigleith  Quarries,  Edinburgh, 
read  a  paper  on  "  The  Cultivation  of  Orchids."  He 
alludtd,  in  the  first  place,  to  the  increasing  popularity 
in  u  hich  the  growing  of  Orchidaceous  plants  was  held, 
owing  chiefly  to  the  greater  information  which  had 
recently  been  propagated  on  their  culture.  He 
dividtd  Orchids  into  two  classes,  the  terrestrial  and 
the  eftiphytal — the  first  growing  directly  on  the  earth, 
and  the  second  growing  on  trees  and  rocks,  from 
which,  however,  they  received  little  or  no  nourish- 
ment, on  which  account  they  were  often  called  air 
jlint>.  The  latter,  he  said,  were  by  far  the  most 
numerous  and  the  most  interesting.  Mr.  Cole  then 
proceeded  to  describe  their  cultivation.  The  paper 
was  of  a  very  practical  character,  and  gave  minute 
details  as  to  the  treament  and  growth  of  these 
plants. 

Mr.  Charles  Taylor,  Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Edin- 
burgh, next  read  a  paper  on  "The  Propagation  of 
Plants."  He  pointed  out  that  the  first  thing  neces- 
sary for  carrying  out  this  work  were  suitable  houses, 
pits,  and  frames,   because  without  these,   no  matter 


STATE  OF  THE  IVBATHER  AT  BLACKIIEATH,  LONDON 
Fob  the  Week  ending  Wednesdav,  October  6,  1886. 


CRYPTOGAMIC  SOCIETY  OF  SCOT- 
LAND : CONFERENCE    IN  ABERDEEN. 

The  Cryptogamic  Society  of  Scotland  opened  its 
twelfth  annual  conference  in  Aberdeen  on  Wednesday, 
September  29,  and  which  was  continued  until  Friday, 
the  1st  inst.  It  was  proposed  to  hold  a  show  of 
cryptogamic  plants  during  the  meeting  of  the  Society, 
but  the  autumn  has  proved  so  unfavourable  that  plants 
are  in  bad  condition,  and  the  idea  was  therefore 
abandoned.  The  formation  of  this  Society  was  first 
resolved  upon  at  a  meeting  of  botanists  held  in 
Aberdeen  on  September  18,  1874,  and  a  committee 
of  organisation  was  then  appointed,  which  gave  in 
its  report  at  a  meeting  held  in  Perth  in  April,  1S75, 
at  which  the  Society  was  formally  constituted.  The 
list  of  members  embraces  some  of  the  most  eminent 
names  in  the  scientific  world  at  home  and  abroad, 
many  of  whom  were  present.  On  Wednesday  fore- 
noon the  members  of  the  Society  visited  Mony- 
musk,  with  the  object  of  searching  for  specimens  of 
cryptogamic  plants,  but  owing  to  the  disagreeable 
nature  of  the  weather  the  excursion  was  not  very 
successful. 

In  the  evening  council  and  business  meetings  were 
held  in  Marischal  College,  and  afterwards  a  public 
meeting  was  held,  at  which  Professor  J.  W.  II.  Trail, 
M.D.,  F.L.S.  (of  Aberdeen  University),  the  Presi- 
dent for  the  year,  occupied  the  chair,  and  delivered 
his  annual  address,  the  subject  of  which  was  "  The 
Uses  and  Practical  Application  of  Cryptogamic 
Plants."  On  the  motion  ol  Rev.  John  Stevenson, 
Glamis,  a  vote  of  thanks  was  accorded  Professor  Trail 
lor  his  address. 

Mr.  A.  Stephen  Wilson,  Aberdeen,  then  read  a 
paper  on  "  The  Reproduction  of  Smut."  The  paper, 
which  was  written  for  the  most  part  from  practical 
observation,  was  highly  interesting.  Mr.  Wilson  con- 
tended that  the  parasite  was  introduced  into  the 
plant  along  with  the  food  of  the  embryo  through 
the  ocutellum.  A  short  discussion  followed  the 
reading  sf  the  paper,  in  the  course  of  which 
Mr.  Plowright,  King's  Lynn,  complimented  Mr. 
Wilson  on  the  indi-  viduality  with  which  he  had 
infused  his  paper ;  and  on  the  motion  of  Dr. 
Calder,  Greenock,  a  vote  of  thanks  was  passed  to 
Mr.  Wilson. 

The  President  then  read  a  paper  written  by  Mrs. 
Farquharson,  of  Haughton,  on  several  varieties  of 
British  Ferns,  after  which  he  gave  the  substance  of 
two  papers  which  he  would  have  read  had  time  per- 
mitted. They  related  to  the  additions  to  the  lists 
of  Scottish  leaf  fungi.  The  conference  then  ad- 
journed. 

The  members  of  the  Society  lelt  the  Joint  Station, 
Abeideen,  on  Thursday,  by  the  10.10  A.M.  train,  for 
Drum.  The  woods  in  the  vicinity  of  Park  and  Drum 
were  visited,  and  a  number  of  interesting  specimens  of 
fungi  (including  those  that  cause  disease  in  Larch 
trees  and  a  few  edible  varieties)  were  obtained. 
Although  the  day  was  spent  very  pleasantly,  the 
excursion  was  not,  on  the  whole,  very  productive, 
owing  to  the  fine  dry  weather  which  has  prevailed 
there  for  some  time.  The  members  returned  to  the 
city  in  the  evening,  when  they  sat  down  to  an  excel- 
lent dinner  in  the  Douglas  Hotel,  under  the  presidency 
of  Professor  Trail. 

On  the  last  day  of  the  conference,  Friday,  the  1st 
inst.,  the  members  visited  Kincausie  grounds,  where  a 
most  enjoyable  day  was  spent,  and  much  valuable 
information  obtained.  A  meeting  in  Marischal 
College  in  the  evening  terminated  one  of  the  most 
successful  conferences  yet  held  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Society.   W.  K. 


HygTome- 
trical    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  5th 
Edition. 

a 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 

Wind 

J 
1 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

33'  Falir.    

Departure  from 
AveraKC  ol 
18  jears. 

i 
5 

1 
3 

|:§Q 

fa  a 

{ 

Stpt. 

In.        In.    1    „ 

„ 

' 

„ 

„ 

In. 

Oct 

31)8*  -t-01163.9 

56,0 

7  9  59.2 

-h  49 

53.9 

«3 

0,00 

«4S  — 0.a5  7S-5 

50.5 

25  062.5 

-1-8,1 

S3  3 

72 

s.w. 

0.00 

a 

J» 76  ,-1-010763.0 

47.0 

iS.olssa 

-1-  I.o 

46.2 

72 

s.w. 

0.00 

3 

25.84   -1-01569.0 

44.0 

'50|5S.S 

-1-  1,653  1 

92 

s.s.w. 

0.00 

4 

a«  78  1 -l-ao9^7S  0 

53-5 

21.5  64.0 

+ 10.5  59  4 

83 

E. 

0.00 

S 

29.63  —0.07 

750 

54.- 

21.0636 

+  .0.4  59  4 

87 

e. 

0.00 

6 

2*69 

c.oo 

63.J 

S4  5 

8-7  57  9 

-1-  SO 

S3  9 

87 

s.w. 

0  23 

Mean 

2971 

-1-0.01 

695 

S..4 

.8..^5,7 

-t-  5  9 

542 

^ 

S  W-:   jo.23 

Sept.  30. — Dull  and  cloudy  i 


liog,  line  and  biiglit  after- 


.  — Fine  and  w.trm  day  throughout. 
!.— Fine  day,  sky  nearly  cloudless. 
J.  — Fine  and  br  ght  day  througtiout,  fine  night, 
t.  — Fin;  day,  and  unusually  warm  ;  very  close, 
j—  Fine  day  ;  the  temperature  vc  y  higti  for  Octob . 
i.— Rain  in  the  morning,  great   darkne  s  at  9  A.w 
fine  and  blight  afternoon. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  2nd,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.10 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.11  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  26th  September,  decreased  to 
29.89  inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  27th,  increaied  to  30.19 
inches  by  9  A.  M.  on  the  aSth,  decreased  to  29  5° 
inches  by  the  afternoon  of  October  I,  and  was  29.90 
inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.98  inches,  being  the 
same  as  last  week,  and  0.08  inch  above  the  average 
of  the  week. 

Temperature.— T\x.  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  75°.  5  on  the  1st ;  the  highest 
on  the  26ih  was  6i°.S.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  66". 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  47°  on 
October  2d  ;  the  lowest  on  the  30th,  was  56°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  S0°.4. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
25°  on  the  1st  of  October  ;  the  smallest  was  7''^9 
on  the  30th  of  September.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
daily  ranges  was  I5*.6. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  54°.  4  on  the 
26th,  55°.5  on  the  27th,  55°  on  the  28th,  6o".9  on 
the  29th,  59°.2  on  the  30th,  62°.$  on  Oct.  ist,  and 
55°. 2  on  the  2d.  These  were  all  above  their 
averages,  with  the  exception  of  the  26th,  which  was 
o°.3  below,  by  o°.9,  o°.S,  6°.$,  4°.9,  S°.i,  and  1° 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  57°.S. 
being  4°.i  higher  than  last  week,  and  3°.  I  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  122°  on  the  1st.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  readings  was  99°. 

j?3z«.— Rain  fell  on  two  days  to  the  amount  of 
0°.3S-inch. 

England:  7>;«/i;ra/K/-<;.— During  the  week  end- 
ing October  2nd,  the  highest  temperatures  were 
79°  at  Cambridge,  75°.S  at  Blackheath,  and  70°  at 
Nottingham,  Sheffield  and  Leeds  ;  the  highest  at 
Sunderland  was  64°,  at  Plymouth  65°,  and  at  Liver- 
pool and  Newcastle  66°.  The  general  mean  was 
68°.  I. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Wolverhampton 
39°.  9,  at  Cambridge  41°.  5,  and  at  Truro  42* ;  the 
lowest  at  Brighton  was  50°,  at  Plymouth  49^  and  at 
Leeds  and  Preston  48°.    The  general  mean  was  46°.2. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  37°  5>  *' 
Blackheath    28°.$,    and   at    Wolverhampton    27°.;  ; 


474 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLH. 


[October  9,  1886, 


the  least  ranges  were  at  Plymouth  i5°,  at  Brighton 
18°,  and  at  Liverpool  i8°.2.  The  general  mean 
was  2 1  ".9. 

The  mean  ol  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  6g°.5,  at  Blaclcheath66°,  and 
at  Truro  65°.  7  ;  and  lowest  at  Sunderland  6o°,4,  at 
Preston  6o°.9,  and  at  Wolverhampton  6i°.3.  The 
general  mean  was  63".  2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  53°.?,  at  Plymouth,  S2°.5,  and  at 
Bristol,  52°. 3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
47°.  3,  at  Cambridge,  48°.  3,  and  at  Newcastle,  48°.8. 
The  general  mean  was  50*.  7- 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
20°. 3,  at  Blackheath,  I5°.6,  and  at  Truro  and  Shef- 
field, 14°.  8  ;  and  was  least  at  Preston,  9°,  at  Brighton, 
9°.  6,  and  at  Plymouth,  9°.  9.     The  general  mean  was 

I2°S- 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Blackheath, 
57°.5,  at  Brighton,  57°.4,  and  at  Bristol  and  Cam- 
bridge, 57°. 3  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
53°.2,  at  Sunderland,  S3°8,  and  at  Newcastle,  S4°.S. 
The  general  mean  was  56°.. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  2.62  inch  at  Preston, 
1.67  inch  at  Plymouth,  and  1.45  inch  at  Newcastle  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.14  inch  at  Cambridge,  0.31 
inch  at  Brighton,  and  0.38  inch  at  Blackheath  and 
Hull.     The  general  mean  fall  was  1.07  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  2d,  the  highest  temperature  was  68°.  7 
at  Edinburgh;  the  highest  at  Dundee  was  62°. 5. 
The  general  mean  was  66°. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  44°.8 
at  Aberdeen  ;  the  lowest  at  Leith  was  47°.I.  The 
general  mean  was  45°.  7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith  55°.  5  ; 
and  lowest  at  Greenock  53°. 3.  The  general  mean 
was  54°.  2. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  3. 70  inches  at  Greenock, 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.59  inch  at  Aberdeen,  The 
general  mean  fall  was  i'69  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


"  He  that  questiojieth  tnttck  sJutll  learn  mitch." — Bacon, 

Fuchsia  at  Ballme  House.  —  Would  "Geo.  P." 
be  so  kind  as  to  forward  me  cuttings  of  the  Fuchsia  at 
Ballme  House,  Isle  of  Man?  I  wish  to  obtain  all  the 
hardy  forms,  and  I  shall  be  happy  to  give  cuttings  or 
plants  in  exchange.  Mr.  Hemsley  says  that  F.  coccinea, 
(magellanica  ?)  which  this  purports  to  be,  is  not  hardy. 
R.  J.  Lynch.  Botanic  Garden,  Ca7nbrid^e. 

Herbaceous  Border. — I  am  anxious  to  plant  a 
border  with  herbaceous  plants  ;  it  is  4  feet  wide,  and 
about  35  yards  long,  and  runs  parallel  to,  but  at  a  little 
distance  from,  a  tennis-ground  ;  on  the  other  side  it  has 
a  walk.  I  should  like  the  plants  not  to  be  too  tall,  and 
to  look  gay  from  May  till  October.  I  should  be  very 
much  obliged  for  any  suggestions.  Aihfield. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Chrysanthemums  :  W.  L.  We  cannot  give  you  any 
information  about  cement,  or  any  other  means  that 
would  enable  a  dishonest  exhibitor  to  deceive  the  judges. 

EucHARis  Bulbs  Diseased  :  D.  O.  Yes,  the  bulbs 
are  affected  with  the  mite. 

Fungus  on  Cork  :  R,  R.  IV.,  Liphook.  The  white 
fungus  growth  on  the  cork  is  merely  a  mycelium.  It 
has  every  appearance  of  belonging  to  the  dry-rot 
fungus,  Merulius  lacrymans.  A  paper  on  dry-rot  will 
shortly  be  published  ia  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
W.  G.  S. 

Hyacinth  Glass  ;  Pope  b*  Son.  The  device  in  wire  to 
support  the  flower-stem  is  neat,  strong,  and  effective — 
much  more  so  than  some  we  have  seen. 

Insects  :  E  IV.  C.  The  specimens  sent  are  doubtless 
those  of  the  Lirae-tree  mite  (Tetranychus  tiliarum). 
For  methods  of  destroying  them  we  extract  the  follow- 
ing from  Manual  of  Injurious  Insects,  and  Methods 
of  Prevention,  by  Miss  E.  A.  Ormerod  : — "The  eggs 
may  be  found  attached  to  the  webs  (which  cover  the 
branches  and  trunks  of  the  trees  attacked),  and  it  has 
been  found  that  brushing  the  tree-stems  hard  and 
thoroughly,  so  as  to  remove  the  webs  is  serviceable, 
and  would  be  still  more  so  if  soft-soap  were  brushed  in 
at  the  same  time.  With  regard  to  the  masses  thai 
congregate  together  at  the  base  of  the  tree,  by  banking 
round  at  a  few  feet  distance,  and  a  few  inches  high, 
and  fiUing  the  space  enclosed  with  mud  made  as  thin  as 
would  be  retained  by  the  raised  edge.  A  few  experi- 
ments would  show  what  chemicals  might  be  mixed 
with  the  mud  to  poison  as  well  as  drown  the  pest.  A 
liberal  mixture  ot  fish-oil  and  soft-soap,  so  as  to  com- 
pletely plaster  round  the  foot  of  the  tree,  and  stick  all 
wandering  mites  fast  that  touched  it,  could  not  fail  to 


do  good.  Excepting  by  such  continuous  and  thorough 
drenchings  as  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  apply  to  large 
trees,  it  is  most  difficult  to  do  anything  lor  the  infested 
leaves.  It  is  considered  that  the  attacks  of  this  insect 
follow  heat  and  drought." 
Lespedeza  striata  :  Thos.  C.  H.  Messrs,  Hurst  & 
Son,  152,  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

Macadamising  Tennis  Court  :  Want.  State  more 
fully  what  you  want  to  do. 

Mealy-bug  in  a  Vinery  :  Constant  Reader.  By  tho- 
roughly cleansing  the  walks  and  woodwork  with  a  strong 
solution  of  parrafin,  soft-soap,  and  hot  water,  and  the 
Vines  by  a  weaker  one,  in  the  winter  months,  the  pest 
can  be  got  rid  of  in  a  season  or  two.  The  soil  should 
be  shovelled  out  entirely  to  the  depth  of  4  inches,  if 
possible,  and  be  replaced  with  new,  and  all  necessary 
pointing  of  and  repairs  to  the  brickwork,  and  painting 
01  the  woodwork,  should  be  seen  to  during  the  winter. 
A  few  insects  may  escape  this  thorough  cleaning,  but 
by  keeping  a  look-out  for  them  during  the  spring  and 
summer,  with  a  repetition  ot  the  operations  of  washing 
the  walls,  woodwork,  &c.,  and  the  Vines  with  diluted 
parrafin  the  succeeding  winter,  the  bug  can  be  exter- 
minated. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  D.E  .  i,  Williams'  Bon  Chrt^tien  ; 
2,  Hessel  ;  3,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien. — George  Chan- 
ning.  2,  Warner's  King  ;  4,  Evagil  ;  6,  Scarlet  Non- 
pareil ;  7,  Old  Nonpareil  ;  10,  Adams'  Pearmain  ;  11, 
Claygate  Pearmain  ;  12,  Brabant  Bellefleur  ;  13,  Peas- 
good's  Nonsuch. 

Names  of  Plants  :  J.  M-  Crataegus  Crus-galli,  var. 
hnearis. — C.  Dimmick  ^  Sons.  Dicentra  eximia. — 7- 
Smith,  Dulwich.  Helianthus  multiflorus.— 7.  A".  P.  ^ 
Sons.  Chrysanthemum  maximum,  long  leaves  ;  C.  la- 
custre,  short  leaves. — D.  D.,  Leyton.  Erythrina  Humei, 
from  Natal,  not  India. — /.  Tickell.  Ammocharis 
falcata.— 7".  K.  I.  i,  Polygonum  cuspidatum;  2,  Abelia 
rupestris  ;  7,  Aster  Araellus  ;  9.  Aster  novae  anghae  ; 
12,  Cassinia  fulvida. — Carnation,  Hants,  i,  Acacia, 
no  flowers  ;  2,  Cassia,  no  flowers  ;  3,  Casuarina 
suberosa  ;  4,  Leycesteria  formosa  ;  5,  Spirsea  hyperi- 
cifolia,  var.  ?,  no  flowers  ;  6,  Potentilla  fruticosa. — 
Southarnpton.  A,  Rhus  glabra  var.  laciniata  ;  B, 
Kolreuteria  paniculata  ;  C,  Thalictrum,  specimen  in- 
sufficient.—  W.  D.  We  are  quite  unable  to  name  your 
plant  without  flowers— it  is  perhaps  an  Origanum. — 
T.  L.  Pennisetum  viilosura. — L.  J.  B.  Quercus  cerris. 
— A.  C.  A  variety  of  LEeUaelegansTurneri.— C.  A/.  O. 
Hypericum  balearicum  of  Bot.  Mag. — A.  B.  i,  Wood- 
wardia  radicans  ;  2,  Davallia,  perhaps  canariensis  ;  3, 
Leycesteria  formosa  ;  4,  Escallonia  macrantha  ;  5, 
Arbutus  Unedo.  The  Vine  leaves  look  as  if  they 
had  been  burnt.  They  are  very  weak  and  poor,  as  if 
the  cultivation  had  been  in  fault. — A.  H.  B.  Pyrus 
pinnatifida. — H.  T.,  Slough.  Coprinus  comatus, 
said  to  be  good  eating  ;  it  often  appears  on  old  stumps, 
but  speedily  softens  and  becomes  black. 

Pampas  Grass  :  H.  The  best  method  is  to  cut  the 
stems  before  the  flowers  are  fully  expanded — indeed, 
before  they  have  fully  escaped  from  tlie  sheath — and 
dry  them  in  an  airy  place.  Then  cut  open  the  sheath, 
and  dry  the  flowers  before  a  brisk  fire. 

Pamphlets  on  "  Insects  Injurious  to  Fruit 
Crops,"  and  "The  Insects  Injurious  to  Gar- 
den and  Farm  Crops":  Semper  Fidelis.  See 
Answers  to  Correspondents  in  our  issue  for  October  2. 

Popular  Book  on  Algerian  Plants  :  F.  L.  S. 
Munby's  Catalogue  of  Algerian  Plants  is  the  only  one 
we  know.  We  do  not  know  of  any  popular  book  on 
the  subject. 

Rating  and  Fixtures  :  J.  H.  We  cannot  comply 
with  your  wish  that  we  should  quote  fully  from  the 
reports  of  cases  which  have  appeared  in  our  pages  ; 
but  refer  you  to  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  vol.  xxiii.,  p. 
678;  xxiv. ,  pp.  155,  183,  498,  720,  758,  and  816; 
Paul's  case,  xx.,  p.  45. 

Saddle- Boilers  and  Hot-water  Pipes  ;  Messrs. 
S.  b*  Sons.  Fawkes  on  Horticultural  Buildings 
is  the  best  work  on  the  subject  (Swan  Sonnenschein, 
Le  Bas  &  Lowrey,  Paternoster  Square). 

Vanda  Sanderiana  :   T.  D.     Very  fine  large  blooms. 

Wardian  Case  :  A  Colonist.  You  should  certainly 
keep  the  case  quite  closed. 

*^*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  ^'Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note,  — Letters 
relating  to  ADVERTISEMENTS,  Or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 


CATALOGUES    RECEIVED. 

Joseph    Breci^   &   Sons,   51.    52,   53,   North   Market 

Street,    Boston,    Massachusetts,     U.S.A. — Holland 

Bulbs. 
E.  P.  Dixon,  Hull— Roses,  Fruit,  and  other  Trees,  &c. 
Andr6  Leroy,  Angers  (Maine-et-Loire),  France — Tree 

List. 
Wm.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts — Roses. 
Messrs.  F.  &  A.   Dickson  &  Sons,  Upton  Nurseries, 

Chester — Rose  Catalogue. 


Co 


ECEivED.-H.  V.-W.  H.  R.-E.  W.- 
G.  M.— C.  W.  D.— T.  W.— A.  O.  W.— R.  IX—].  F.- 
J.  R.  J.-C.  M.  O.-G.  D— K.  D.— J.  J.  W  —  P.  R 
Erfurt.— X.—D.  &  Co.— H.  M,  W.— V.,  Milan.— G.  P. 


[arktts. 


CO  VENT   GARDEN,     October   7. 

[The  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week,  Ed.] 

The  rush  of  soft  fruit  being  over,  our  market  is  now 
settling  down  to  a  quiet  state.  Good  samples  of  Pears 
in  demand.  Prices  generally  lower.  James  Webber, 
Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Avbkagb  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  K-sieve  ..'1  6-3  < 
Figs,  per  dozen  . .  o  q-  1  ( 
Grapes,  per  lb.  . .  o  6-  2  t 
Kent  Cobs,  100  lb.  ..50  o  55  1 
Lemons,  per  case  ..18  0-36  1 
Melons,  each  ..  10-21 


s.  d.  5.  d. 

Peaches,  per  dozen...  3  o-  8  c 
Pears,  per  dozen  . .  i  o-  i  € 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  2  6-  3  c 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  6-  8  c 
Plums,  J^-sieve       ..   o  9-  2  c 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-.. 
Aubergines,  each  ..03-.. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb,  .04-.. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-21 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  04-.. 
Carrots,  per  bunch  ..06-.. 
Cauliflowers,  per  doz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..  16-21 
Cucumbers,  each  ..06-11 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  10-21 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. ,   i  o-  i  f 


Mint,  green,  bunch  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  punnet  1  6- 
Mustardand Cress, do.o  4- 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4  o- 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  o- 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..40-; 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  o- ] 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3- 
Spinach,  per  bushel  5  o- 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..09- 
Turnips.  bunch  ..04- 
Veget.  Mar.,  each.,  o  3- 


PoTATos  : —  Kent  Regents,  6oj.  to  : 
Reantv  of  Hebron,  8oj.  t 


3S.  ;    Schoolmasters,  ^os, ; 
I  90J.  per  ton. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 
Aralia   Sieboldi,  per 

dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  o 

AsterSj  per  dozen  .30-60 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz  .  12  0-18  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-12  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  tertninalis, 

per  dozen  , .  .  .30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...  12  0-18  o 

—  hyemalis,  doz.    ..i8  0-24  o 

—  rceerminans.doz.  8  0-12  o 


-  rcge 

Euonymus, 

per  dozen 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  < 
Ftcus  elastica  each.,  i  1 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  i 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 


Lilit 


r.,do. 


Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  ( 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  c 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  ( 
P.-ilms  in  var.,  each  2  ( 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz.         •  •  3  * 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies.  12  blms.  . 
Asters,  12  bunch.  ..  : 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  ( 
Camellias,  12  blooms 
Carnations,  12  blms.  \ 
Chrysanth  ,  12  blms. 

~  12  bunches  ..  . 
Dahlias,  12  bunches  ; 

bunches     ..  ..   ; 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  . 
Forge  t-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  : 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays,,  1 
Heliotrope,    12    spr.  < 

Lapageria,  red.  12  bl, 
—  white,  12  blooms  : 


Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms.. 
Marguerites,    per    12 


bunches 
Mignonette, 


Pyrethruras.  12  bun. 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz. 
—  red,  per  dozen  . . 


Sweet  Peas,  12  bun 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun 
Tuberoses,  T2  blms. 
Violets,  12  bunches., 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Oct.  6. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  seed 
merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C.,  report  to-day's 
market  thinly  attended,  with  but  little  business  doing. 
Samples  of  new  English  Clover  seed  are  now  showing, 
but  no  transactions  are  yet  reported  ;  prices  generally 
to  be  very  moderate.  Unprecedentedly  low 
to  rule  for  winter  Tares  :  supplies  are 
;re  is  no  change  to  be  noted  in  Hemp 
and  Canary  seed.  Rape  seed  is  remarkably  cheap. 
Feeding  Linseed  is  steady.  Blue  Peas  and  Haricot 
Beans,  owing  to  the  milder  weather  now  prevailing,  are 
easier. 


promi; 

rates 

abund, 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Oct.  5.  —  Supplies 
were  large  and  consist  principally  of  inferior  qualities, 
for  which  the  demand  was  limited,  and  the  trade  very 
dull.  Rest  samples,  which  were  not  plentiful,  sold  with 
less  difficulty,  and  were  supported  in  value.  Quotations  : 
—  Kent  Regents,  50J,  to  gos.  ;  Essex,  50J.  to  8ai.  ;  Early 
Rose,  bos.  to  701. ;  Magnum  Bonums,  50J.  to  8or. ; 
Hebrons,  6oi.  to  955.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London):  Oct  6. — Quotations; — 
York  and  Lincolii  Magnums,  50J.  to  6qs.  ;  Regents,  55J. 
to  65J. ;  Kent  and  Surrey  Regents,  551.  to  65J.  ;  and 
Cambridgeshire  Regents,  50;.  to  60,5.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  6  — Quotations  : — Magnums,  dark 
lands,  40i.  to  50J".  ;  hght  soil,  50,1.  to  65^.  ;  and  Regents, 
60s.  to  70J.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con" 
sisted  of  270  sacks  from  Stettin,  6  bags  from  Rotterdam' 
and  34  bags  from  Boulogne. 


October  9,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


475 


A.    B.    C. 

BULB    GUIDE. 


Prepared    with    very    much    care,    containing    much    reliable 

information  upon  Bulbs  generally,  including  the 

following  families  :— 

HYACINTHS.     TULIPS,     CROCUS.    SNOWDROPS, 

CHIONODOXAS,    GLADIOLUS,    &C. 
Very  extensive  lists  of  varieties  of  these  are  inclnded,  con- 
sisting of  nearly  eveiy  variety  which  can  be  considered  worth 
growi'ig. 

IRIS.— Of  these  I  hold  one  of  the  finest  collections  in  the 
world  :  six  pages  are  dev.^ted  to  this  family  alone. 

HELLEBORES,  or  CHRISTMAS  ROSES,  are  a  great 
specialty  at  Tottenham.  The  collection  is  very  complete,  and 
the  plants  are  exceptionally  good.      I   have  thniisands  of  fine, 

Btrong.  healthy  clumps  of  the  varieties  major,  majtima, 

Caucasica,  Madame  Fourcade,  and  many  others. 

DAFFODILS  and  LILIES 

constitute  Fart  II.  of  my  Bulb  Catalogue, 
Twenty-six  pages  being,  devoted  to  them.  Both  families  are 
cultivated  by  me  most  extensively,  my  collection  including 
almost  every  variety  in  cultivation.  These  have  been  shown 
most  extensiv.ly  during  the  present  season  at  the  Great 
Loudon  Shows,  and  have  been  very  much  admired,  and  have 
done  much  to  assist  in  securing  forme  the  many  Awards  it 
has  been  my  pleasure  to  receive. 

Copies  of,  this  most  complete  and  interesting  Catalogue  may 
be  had  gratuitously  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    8.    WARF, 

HALE       FARM        NURSERIES, 
TOTTENHAM.    LONDON. 


CR0UX&FIL8, 

Nurserymen, 

Vallee    d'Aulnay, 

chatenay    (seine), 

Great  Specialty. 

Trained  Fruit  Trees, 


\Lf  CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

m-    CHOICE    PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 
100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 


,  for. 


,635. 


Other  offers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
.^ee  CATALOGUE,  wliich  will  be  for- 
"ITSiw-  warded  on  application. 

Choice  Varieties  of  the  following  ;  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS,  6j.  ;    12  Yellow-flowered,  ijj. 
12  PINKS,   Laced  Flowers,  4s.  and  6j.,  strong  plants. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA,  covered  with  flower  buds,  zis.  and  241. 
12     ,.     MOLLIS,  ditto,  fine  for  cutting,  I2J,  and  18^. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  flower  buds,  21J.,  30J.,  421. 


E.     G.     HENDERSON     &     SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,    Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 


NEW      DESSERT      APPLE, 
"Beauty  of  Bath," 

GEO.  COOLING  &  SONS 

Have  pleasure  in  ojfering  a  small  Stock  of  this 
fine  early  Dessert  Apple. 

It  ripens  in  July  and  early  part  of  August,  is  quite  distinct,  of 
medium  size,  exceedingly  handsome  in  appearance,  being  beau- 
tifully striped  with  red  towards  the  sun,  has  a  brisk,  sweet 
flavour,  and  is  in  every  respect  far  superior  to  Juneating  or 
Irish  Peath :  it  is  a  large  anti  certain  cropper,  and  on  that 
account  will  be  most  valuable  as  a  market  variety. 

During  the  past  two  seasons  it  has  been  awarded  First  Prizes 
in  the  Pessert  Classes  at  Taunton,  Trowbridge,  Weston-super- 
Mare.  Keevil,  and  r  ther  West  of  England  Shows,  where  Apples 
are  always  well  exhibited. 

Strong  Maiden  Trees,  3s.  6d.  each ; 
Pyramids,  5s. 

Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

As  our  Stock  Is  very  Ltmltecl,  we  respectfully 
solicit  early  Orders. 


GOODandCHEAP.— 
40,000  GOOSEBERRIES,  including  Whin  ham'slndustry. 
i5,eoo  APPLES,  PEARS,  and  PLUMS,  strong  and  healthy, 
in  various  forms.  10,000  LAURELS,  Caucasian.  Common,  and 
Rotundifolium.  2  to  4  feet,  extra  fine.  30,000  Oval  and  Ever- 
green PRIVET,  strong  and  hnshy,  2  to  4  feet.  Also  large 
stocks  of  Tree  BOX.  AUCUBAS,  THUIAS,  POPLARS,  LA- 
BURNUMS, LIMES,  SEAKALE.  &c.  Special  low  quota- 
tions on  application.  Sample  of  small  articles  free,  large  articles 
for  stamps.  Our  special  offer  of  choice  PEAS  and  other  SEED 
will  be  ready  shortly. 

HARRISON  AND  SONS,  Seed  Growers,  Leicester. 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  requu-e 
description.  Price  6r.  per  bushel 
(if.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
bd.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  r  J. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchanis.  Hiebcale  Nurseries.  N 


THE   NURSERIES,   BATH. 


SEEDLING    PLANTS    OF 

CHOICE  FLORISTS'  FLOWERS, 

^ '''''■  Per  doz.     Per  100. 

CALCEOLARIAS,  from  choicest  flowers    i.  d.  s.  d. 

only,  beautifully  tigered  and  spotted. .     36..       — 
CARNATIONS   and    PICOTEES,    from 
stage  flowers,  will  produce  80  per  cent. 

of  line  double  blooms 16     ..    10     6 

CINERARIAS,  fromagiandstrain  ..  i  6  . .  10  6 
CANTERBURY  BELLS  superbstrain..  I  o  ..  5  6 
CYCLAMEN     PERSICUM     ALBUM, 

pure  white,  fine  young  plants  ..  ..     46     ..  30    o 

CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM,  mixed  ..  4  o  ..  25  o 
BROMPTON    STOCK,    giant     scarlet 

double         1     o     ..     5     6 

PRIMULA,   Daniels'  choicest  white,  fine     I     6     ..10     6 
„     Daniels' choicest  ted    ..  ..  . .      i     6     . .   10     6 

,,    Daniels'  choicest  mixed,  many  beau- 
tiful varieties i     6      . .   10     6 

PANSY,    Emperor  William,    deep    ultra- 
marine blue,  very  fine       ..  ....      10..     76 

POLYANTHUS,  gold-laced,  very  choice    i    o     ..     7    6 
PRIM  ROSES,  splendidstrainof  brilliantly 

coloured  varieties  .  ..  ..     i     6     ..    10     6 

SWEET  WILLIAM,  very  choice  ..     i    o     ..     5    6 

WALLFLOWER,  blood-red,  fine  ..     i    o     ..     5    6 

„     Golden  Tom  Thumb 10..     s^ 

,,     Double  Geiman,  fine  mixed  ..  ..      i     o     ..     6     6 

Carriage  Free  on  receipt  of  Posi-ogice  Order. 

DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.-Ourbeautilully  illustrated 

Catalogue  of  Tulips.  Hyacinths,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  S:c  ,  is  now 

ready,  and  mav  be  had  free  by  all  customers  on  application. 

DANIELS  BROS.,  Royal  Norfolk  Seed  Establish- 
ment and  Town  Close  Nurseries,  Norwich. 


JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.     PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 


LARGE       DESCRIPTIVE       CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Complete  Guide  for  Amateurs.    Gratis  and  Post-free. 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN,    CHARD, 
SOMERSETSHIRE. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4</.  per  bushel ;  100  for  255.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  tons), 

A.OS. ;  4-bushel  bags,  4d?.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.   id.    per   sack  ; 

5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  12s. ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  <)d.  per  bushel;  isJ.  per  half 
ton,  26J   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  td.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  O.  SMYTH.  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE,  newly 
made.  Tiuckload  (2  tons)  Ci  :  40  bags,  25s.  Free  on 
rail.  Cash  with  order.— J,  STEVENS  AND  CO.,  Fibre  Mer. 
chants,  153,  High  Street,  Baltersea,  S.W. 


THE    SECRET    OF 
SUCCESS  WITH  BULBS. 


K 


The  only  method  of  Growing  Bulbs  to  the  same  perfection 
as  in  their  nauve  land  is  by  using  ALLUVIAL  MANURE  A  : 
which  is  specially  prepared  for  Bulbous  Flower  Roots  and  is 
the  secret  of  success  of  Dutch  Growers 

In  bags,  from  1  lb.  to  1  t-w/.,  -with  directions,  from 

THE  ALLUVIAL   MANURE    COMPANY, 

26,  MARK   LAME.  E.C.  ;    or,  from  our  Agents  :— 

OSMAN  AND  CO..  BENJ.  FIELD.  HERBERT  and  CO., 

WATSON  AND  SCULL,  and  others. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cau- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 

EESON'S    MANURE   is   the  best  for  all 

Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2S.  6d.,  5s.  6d., 
and  los.  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

P"~  EAT~and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  los.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  2S.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51  per  bag ;  Fresh  SPHAGNU.M,  los.  id.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 

E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  PR 


Mk 


(}uallty,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  id. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .   4J.  id.       „       5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extia  selected  Orchid   iS.  id.      „      5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (is.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD.bestonly  ..     J         (sacks  inauded). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    -' 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6<<.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     Sd.\b.   28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.  (Sp<cialit<)     Sd.  lb.,  2S  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MUltrack  ..     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2S.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits, Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  is,  id. 

Bags— 7 lb.,  3S.',  I4lb.,ss.;  281b.,  8s.;  561b., 14s.:  icwt.,22j. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only— 141b.,  35.;  28  lb. ,  5s.  6</. : 

561b,  los.id.;  I  cwt.,  17s.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  id. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  135.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks.  25s  ;  40  sacks,    30s.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2j.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL   LONDOM,  E. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1855  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gieen  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  mtended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  los.  id. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  id.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

AN,  Box  covered,  for  Market,  nearly  new 

£30.     Apply, 
Lane  Nursery,  Woodford  Green,  Essex. 


V 


GARDEN   REQUISITES,— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,  Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  go,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London.^.C^ 

HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


stock. 


3  and  200  teet  boxes, 


of   16-OZ     glass 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizi 
3ds  and  ^ths  qualities,  always  kept 

A  large  stock    of  similar   currei 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber   Glasses,  and  all   MiscellaDeous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

84,  St  JoHu's  Street,  Weat  Smlttifield,  London,  B.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  applicatton.    Quote  ChronicU* 


k 


476 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  9,  1886. 


THE    MOST    COMPLETE 

STANDARD  WORKS  on  ORCHIDS. 


THE  ORCHID  ALBUM, 


COLOURED  FIGURES  and  DESCR/PllONS 

NEW,  RARE,  &  BEAUTIFDL  ORCHIDACEOUS  PLANTS 
Cultlvatsd  In  this  Country. 

ROBERT    W.ARNER,  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S., 
Author  of  '■  Select  Orchidaceous  Plants," 

Benjamin  Samuel  WILLIAMS,  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S., 

Author  ol  ■■  The  Orchid  Growers'  Manual,"  &c. 

THOMAS    MOORE,    F.L.S.,    F.R.H.S., 

Curator  of  ihe  Ch;l>ea  Botaruc  Gardens 
The  Coloured  Figures  by  JOHN  NUGENT  FITCH,  F.L.S. 
iion  to  Her  Royal  Highness 
5  of  Wales. 

Five    Vclumfs,  coniaininp    240  Hand-cchured  Plates,   now 

ready.  Price  £1^.  unbound,  or  bound  in  strong  /land- 

seme  covers  with  gilt  edges,  Price  £,ifi  ics. 

Th's  Album  is  issued  in  Royal  Quarto,  which  enables  the 

Artist  to  produce  ample  and  inlelliEjible  portraits  of  the  plants, 

which  are  drawn  and  coloured  by  hand  in  Ihe  best  sty  le. 

The  Text  comprises  English  botanical  descriptions  of  the 
plants  figured,  notes  on  their  cultivation,  and  such  general 
observations  concerning  them  as  may  be  likely  to  prove  of 
interest  or  utility  to  Orchid-growers. 

The  Work  is  issued  regularly  in  Monthly  Parts.  Each  Part 
contains  four  handsomely h^tndcolourea  Plates. v/ilh  dt 
Letteipiess  ;  and  a  Volume,  consisting  of  Tv 
completed  annually. 
Price 55.  /cf  Part,  or  6as.  fer  annum(Tiuelve  Parts'),  Post-free 
Vo's.  I  ,  II..  III.,  IV.,  and  V.  can  be  suppHed.  bound  compleU 
with  gilt  edges,  price  ^3  6r.  each. 


Parts. 


JUST    PUBLISHED, 

THE 

ORCHID-GROWERS' 
MANUAL, 

Slxtli  Edition,  Enlarged  and  Revised. 

BENJAMIN  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS,  F.L.S.,F.R. U.S. 

Author  of  the  "  Orchid  Album," 
*'  Selected  Ferns  and  LycoDods,''  "Choice  Stove  and  Greenhou  .e 
Flowering  Plants,"  ''  Choice  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Ornamental-leaved  Plai.t-i,"  &c. 
Post  Zvo.,  Cloth,  Price  15^.  ;     Free  by  Parcel  Post,  15T.  td. 
Profusely  Illustrated  with  a  large  number  of  page  and  double- 
page  EnsravinKS   on   Weed,  together  with   Blocks  illustrative 
of  types  of  the  various  genera. 

This  popular  work  has  been  entirely  remodelled  and  revised 
up  to  the  present  time,  and  has  besn  enlarged  to  659  pageF.  It 
contains  descriptions  of  upwards  of  1470  species  and  varieties  of 
Orchidaceous  plants,  together  with  478  synonyms  ;  aUo  author- 
ities for  the  names,  the  families  to  which  the  various  genera 
belong,  the  fljwering  period,  native  country,  and  references  to 
figures.  

Published  by  B.  S.  WILLIAMS, 

VICTORIA  and  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER   HOLLOWAY,  LONDON,  N. 

May  also  be  had  of  all  Booksellers  and  the  foUowiog  Agents;  — 

Agent/or  ihe  Couiinent— 

Mr.  NILSSON,  12,  Rue  Auber.  Paris. 

Agent  for  U.S.  AmeH  a  — 

Mr.  CHAS.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Agent  for  Indian 
Mr.  S.  P.  CHATTERJEE.  78.  Narcoldangah  Main  Road, 


H 


oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


Calcutt 
A^eni  for  South  An 
Mr   P.  M.  BINOT,  Nurserymai 


,  Petropolis,  Brazil. 


22  Paecs,  Illustrated,  Prst-free.        See  Pages  6  to  10  for 

HOW  TO  MAKE  Blanc  Mange,  Baked 
Custard,  Farola  Cream.  Farola  Cake,  Granola  Porridge, 
Granola  Puddings,  Milk  Porridge,  Children's  or  Family  Pud- 
ding. Baked  Pudding,  Steamed  Pudding,  French  Pudding, 
Italian  Polenta,  Semolina  Soup,  Pastry.  Scones  and  Sweet  Cakes, 
and  Semolina  Cake,  with  '■conomy  and  taste,  together  with  the 
opinioQS  of  the  British  Medical  fouynal.  Lancet,  &c.,  post- 
free  from  Messrs.  J  and  T.  MARSHALL.  Glasgow  ;  and 
15.  New  Broad  Street.  London,  E.G.  N.B.  Every  one  is  much 
pieaeed  with  this  little  work.  Send  your  address(naming  this  publi- 
cation) by  poj^t  card  or  letter,  and  it  will  be  sent  you  free  of  charge. 


To  Nurserjrmen.  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 
T      BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 

^y  •  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  MateriaU.  Prices 
free  on  application.— 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Russia  Mats— Raffia. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,    of  all    qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBPE, 
of  best  quality.  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  and  FISHER.  James  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES.  TAR- 
PAULINSand  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  Londoo,  E. 


This  VARNISH  is  anexcellent  substitute  (or  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  11.  td.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  xs.  8^.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED  TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  The  RyleySt  Aldtrley  Lodge. 

"  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hell  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
n6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


Bosber'B  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


mE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  httle    room,  and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  m  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  j  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "  ACME  "  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEV'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

lUuitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied, 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3r.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

ILVER  SAND, 

ine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  ia  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  aiiy 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


s 


WORKS  OF  AUTHORITY  ON  BOTANY. 


SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL  DICTIONARY,  comprising  the  Names. 
History,  and  Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Britain,  together  with  a  full  Explanation  of  Technical 
Terms.     Medium  Svo,  cloth,  price  25J. 

BOTANY  FOR  BEGINNERS.  An  introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell 
T.  Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S,,  late  Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St,  George's  Hospital,  With  upwards  of 
100  Illustrations.     Price  3^.  td. 

LINDLEY'S  SCHOOL  BOTANY.  A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  students, 
&c.     With  400  Illustrations.     Svo,  cloth,  price  5j.  dd. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    OF    BOTANY,     With  illustrations.     Svo,  doth,  price  9.!. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  AND  CECONOMICAL  BOTANY-  With  numerous  illustra- 
tions.    Svo,  cloth,  price  5^. 

LINDLEY'S  DESCRIPTIVE  BOTANY.  For  Self-instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools. 
Price  i^.  sewed. 


WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 


HIGH  CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING.  A  Handy  Manuallor  the  improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  William  Earley,  Author  of  "How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "How  to 
Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.     Crown  Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  <^.  dd, 

MRS.  LOUDON'S   LADIES'  COMPANION   TO  THE   FLOWER   GARDEN. 

A  complete  Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.     A  New  Edition. 
Fcap.  cloth,  price  7^. 

THE    ART    OF    GROWING    ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS.     By  Rev.  o.  fisher. 

Fourth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  U. 

HOW    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS.    By  William  Earley.     Price  u.  stitched. 

HOW  TO  GROW  ASPARAGUS.  a  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earley.     Price  \s.  stitched. 


London  :     BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  &  CO.,  Bouverie  Street,  EC. 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


477 


Wood. 

THE  GENERAL  WOOD  COMPANY, 
Swedish  Wharf.  Hieh  Street,  Peckham.  London,  S.E., 
supply  all  descriptions  of  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Greenhouse  FRAMES.  Manufactured  DOORS,  FLOORING, 
MOULDINGS.  SASH-BARS,  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 
Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixing. 
Apply  for  quotations  as  above. 


BOULTON   &   PAUL,   NORWICH. 


LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Power.'ul  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 


Q  large   gardens  :    is 
fitted  with  valve  and  spread- 
ire        Waterpols 
in  be  filled  when 


for  dis 

ind  pails  c 
he  spreade 
Cash  Pric 


:(3^g>lM.£5 


Paid. 


IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No  66  for  200  ft    J4  in   tubing  ..  loi.  6^. 

ofi    5,  in    tubing  ..  i«.  6rf. 

No  68  for  200  ft    \  IB    lubing  ..  151.  od. 

Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


Price 

Cash  Prices. 
18  gall    Batrow,  with  Oal^. 

nistd  Steel  lank,  li  12.. 
30  gall.  Barrow,  with  GaKa- 

nised  Steel  Tank,  i^i. 
36-gall.    Bairow,     with    Oak 

Tub,  li  IS. 


WARNER'S    PORTABLE     FARMYARD 
or  WATER  CART  PUMPS 
Prize  Medals  at  Calcutta    Brabant,  Brussels,  &c 
Strong,  Durable   Effective 


BOULTON    <fc    PAUL,     NORWICH. 


J      WARNER      &      SONS, 

Hydraulic  and  Mechanical  F-igineers,  Manu'aclurers  of  Pumps 

and  Pumping  Machinery  of  eveiy  description. 

THE   CRE.^CENT    FOUNDRY,    CRlPPLEGATE,   E.C.  ; 

and  the  Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-ihe  Naze.  Essex. 

To  U  ohtaimd  of  every  honmou^er  and  Plumber  in  the 

Kingdom. 

DEANE  &  CO.'S  No.  58  CONSERVATORY. 


(with  bnckwoik),  with- 
in 15  miles  ol  Loudun 
Bridge. 

Piotuttionate  prices  in 
any  partofthecountrv. 

LOUGHBOROUGH 
HOrWAJER  APP- 
ARATUS (nxed  com- 

-  /e.  Pric;.   H.W  Ap. 

lift,  by  9't.,  .<;45  10  ..  i,6  5  I  3ifl  by  15't..  ^113  10  {,.1  s 
2ofl.  by  lafl.,  62  10..  b  s  40 1.  by  i6!t.,  iji  10.  ij  10 
2Sf..  by  I4't.,       88     o  ..    to   15  I 

ILLUSPKAIED  SHEETS  of  Conseivatories,  Gieenh  uses, 
&c..  with  Prices  lor  Erectb  g  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS  made  in  any  part  o(  ihe  Country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE.     DESlG.N'Sand  E^Tl.M.^lEi  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO, 

HORTICILTURAL  BiHLDEBS  AND  HoT  WATER  EsClNBaKS 

^±^J^L,  \  LON DON     BRIDGE. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO, 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenbouses,  Peach  Houses.  Forcing  HonseB,  &c,  coostmcied  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  oi  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durabihty  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work| 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largesu     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected   and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Uelon  Frames.  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &;c,  always  in  stock.  ' 

Plans,  Esttmates  and  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  pari  of  the  Kingdom, 

Our  Majora  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION, 


W.    RICHARDS, 

il,  WelUngton  Street.  Strand, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


Please  send  me  "The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "/(?r 

commencing . ,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0. 


i^  Fleaee  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  ;— 12  Months,  jf  i  -y.  lorf.  ;  6  Months,  lu.  lid.  ;  3  Months,  6j.  ;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN   SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :  —  Including  Postage,  £1  bs.  for  Twelve  Months. 
India  and  China,  £1  %s.  ■zd. 


P. 0,0.  to  be  tnade payab'e  at 
No.    42,    DRURY    LANE,    London,    to    W.    RICHARDS, 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMONO." 


RICHARDSON'S 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,     LONDON,    E.O. 


W     H     LASCELLES 
every   desctiption   of   HORTICULTURAL   WOKK,  li 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material    in  v! 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Rout,  London,  E.C. 
Illustrated    Lists  of  Wooden    Buildings,    Greenhouses, 

id  Concrete  Stabs  for  Wails,  Paths,  and  Suges, 


applit 


Cucumber  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to   their   Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      1  hev  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  deiivcica  to  any  station  in  England  : —       £,  s.  d. 
2-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  I    p„„i.:„„     f       3  lo    o 
3-lightframe,  i2feetby6feet^P^f:7/    ]       5     5     o 
6-Ughtframe.  24feetby  efeetj'-^^  '"^(     lo    o    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAY  AND  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

Colonial  and  In  lian  Exhibition,  1886, 
DAG  H  WOOD'S 

CONStRVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


:€L:?cSSH0USES8c»EATING: 


B-W^A-R«Ui^ST 


.31a.  RRAOPORT  8TB.RET.  CHELiiRA,  S.W. 


i  ni   iTI  I    t^i^iB^t^^fc,^^ 


Ll^ 


478 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  9,  1886. 


THE  GARDENERS;^CHR0N1CLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISIN8. 

Head  Lint  ckarg-ed  as  two. 


4  Lines. ..;£o 

6     o 

6  „    ...  o 

7  „     ...  o 

8     o 

9  „    ...  o 
10  „     ...  o 

n  „  ...  o 

12  „    ...  o 

13  „    ...  o 

14  „    ...  o 


15  Lines... ;^o     8     6 


Page 

Half  Page 
Column 


16 

17  „  ... 

18  „  ... 

19  „  ... 

20  „  ... 

21  „  ... 

22  „  ... 

23  „  ... 

24  „  ... 

25  „  ... 

;VERY  ADDITIONAL   LINH. 
the  lowest  charge  wilt  be  30J. 
,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  4c 
,  „  ..Ig    o    o 

_         _     5     o     o 
..350 


o  9 
o  9 
o   10 

O  10 
O  II 
O  II 
O  12 
O    12 

o  13 
o   13 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  8ITDATION3. 

26  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additioDal  lioe 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post'O^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  51.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  reach  the  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 

AU  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  £1  3s.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months.  11a.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  6S. 

FoRRiGN  (exceDting    India   and    China)  ;    including    Postage, 

£1  68.  for  12  Months ;    Indm  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 
Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURV  LANE, 
W.C,  to  W,  ~ 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C, 

STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Qreenliouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  Oii»  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  wuh  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms.  &c.  Pami  hlct.  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent,     bee  in  use  at  Paientet's. 

THOMAS     BOBERTS, 

112,    Victoria   Street,    Westojinster,     S.W. 


THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGR. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  gfcet  long,  41.  yi.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  is.  fid.  each. 
Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  Lilt  on  at.fticalion. 

I>EVUE  de  rHORTICULTURE  BELGE 
^  et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  .AndrS,  C.  Kaltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JongkindtConinck.J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxera,  H.  J.  Veltch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  ol  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  CoUmred  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  : — One  year, 
145..  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Brnxdles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-ofBce  Orders  to  be  made  pay,.  1  le  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'AKBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticullural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1S65,  by  F.  Burve- 
nich, F.  Pavnakrt,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  j.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  Ihe  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.  Post-paid,  105.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 
Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  puqjose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST, 

A   MONTHLY   RECORD   OF   INFORMATION 
FOR   PLANTERS 

Of  Tea,  Cacoa,  Cinchona,  Coffee,  Indiayubber,  Sugar.  Falnn, 

Cotton,  Cardamo}ns,  Kola,  Coca,  Cinnanton,  Nutmegs, 

Fibrous  Plants,  and  other  Products  suited 

Jor  Cultivation  in  the  Tropics. 

Published  at  Observer  Office,  Colombo,  Ceylon,  on  or  about  the 

ist  of  each  Month.      Commenced  in  June.  i83i.] 


Central  and  Northern  India,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Sumatra, 
Java.  Borneo,  Northern  Australia,  Queensland,  Central 
America,  Natal,  Mauritius,  and  the  West  Indies  From  all 
sub-tropical  planting  settlements  we  have  had  cordial  approval 
of  the  publication  and  an  encouraging  measure  of  support  The 
English,  Indian,  and  Colonial  Press  have  spoken  in  commenda- 
tory terms  of  the  T,  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardens 
from  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  F.R.S.,  downwards,  and  so  have  all 
Planters.         ^^  ^^  Planter  should  be  without  it. 


Rates  of  Subscription,  Including  Postage,  In  advance : 

;^  I  sterling.     Rupees  i a.     Dollars  5. 

Single  Copies,  25.,  or  Ri  ;  Back  Copies,  35.,  or  R1.50. 

Any  one   of  the    Four  Volumes   completed  (1881-2.    1882-3, 

T883-4.    1884-5),    bound  in  cloth,  lettered,  with  Comprehensive 

Index,  for  £1  las.  (or  R18),  carriage  prepaid, 

THE     TROPICAL   AGRICULTURIST. 

As  a  medium  for  English,  American,  and  Australian 
ADVERTISEMENTS  of  goods  suitable  for  the  tropics,  India 
as  welt  as  Ceylon,  the  Straits  Settlements,,  Java,  and  West 
Indies  (Central  America  being  included  in  that  term),  or 
connected  with  agriculture,  the  Ttopical  Agriculturist  stands 
unrivalled,  the  work  being  constantly  in  the  hands  of  Native 
as  well  as  European  and  American  Agriculturists.  Being  a 
Monthly  Periodical  the  Tro/>tcal  Agriculturist  lies  on  the 
table  and  is  very  often  referred  to  during  each  month,  a  fact 
which  Advertisers  will  know  how  to  appreciate. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer.  FL.S.,  C:.M.G.,  Director  of 
Kew  Gardens,  writing  of  the  T.  A.,  refers  to  it  as  "  an  astonishing 
repertory  of  everything  relating  to  the  Economic  Botany  of 
the  East.'' 

^g=  For  the  Sale  of  Plants,  Seeds,  Machinery,  Implements, 
&c..  used  in  Tropical  (Tea,  Sugar,  Fibres,  &c. )  Agriculture, 
no  better  Advertising  Medium  exists. 


Rates  for  Advertisements  :— 

[Nine  Words  to  a  Line]. 
Twelve  Lines  and  under,  per  Line  ..      ..  9^/.  (8  annas 
About  Twelve  Lines  „         ..      ..  %d.  (7  annas 

Quarter  Page  (once)     . .         175.   Rio )      5  per  Cent.  . 
Half  ,.         ,,         ..  ^i     8f.  Ri7Uor  each   addit 

Whole         .,         .,         ..£2     oj.  R24i  insertion. 

6^"  For  long  contracts  special  reductions. 
Communications  respecting  Advertisements  and  Subscriptloi 
the  "  Tropical  Agriculturist  "  may  be  addressed  ti 
A.  M.  AND  J    FERGUSON.  Colombo. 
J.  HADDON  AND  CO..  3,  Bouverie  Street,  London,  E.( 
G.  STREET  AND  CO.,  3^  CoinhiH,  London,  E.C. 
Or  Agents  in  all  parts  of  the  World. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 


CONTENTS  .— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 


RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  .AUSTRALIA.    (Drawn  and  engraved 

especially  for  this  Journal.) 
NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 
AGRICULTURE.  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 
GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 
STOCK, ind  SHARE  REPORTS 
ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 


THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 


The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zeala 
I  large  amount  ol  information  o 


■ide 


in  througho 
Polynesia,  &c.  It  co 
great  variety  of  subjec 


Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  63.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  6rf.  ;  Stamped,  jd. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 


ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 

Street.  E.C. 
Messrs.    Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.    Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  iS6,  Strand. 

BniSTOL    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal     Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchrsthr  . .  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 

Edinburgh Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &    Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

^g"  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  /ilea  at  ihe 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

EAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Comhill,  London. 

Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   p-iid     for     112,000    Accidents,    ;C2.2i5.ooo. 

Chairman,  Harvik  M.  Fakoohar,  Esq. 
Apply   to  the  Clerks   at  the    Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Kitel  Buildings,  W.C. ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  : — 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  for  Seed  and 
Nursery  Business. —  Exceptional  opportunity  for  ener- 
getic young  man  with  moderate  capital. — Apply,  in  first 
instance,  wiih  particulars,  to  H.  M.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son, 
Houndsditrh,  London,  E.C. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cal<e 
Business— South  ol  England.— E.  SHERWOOD,  E.q.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  GARDENER.  Tea- 
totaller.  Well  recommended  for  character  and  ability. 
Wages  3or.  per  week. — Arply  by  g  A.M.,  Mr.  WILLIAM 
GREEN,  Bishopwood,  Highgate,  N. 

W  ANTED,  a  SECOND  GARDENER, 
married,  no  family,  to  live  in  lodge  Wife  attend 
Gate,  Wages  181.  per  week  and  milk.— G.  SMITH,  The 
Grove,  Epsom,  Surrey. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  FOREMAN, 
about  24  years  old,  for  the  Houses.  Must  be  a 
Christian  and  a  total  abstainer. — Apply,  with  references,  to  the 
HEAD  GARDENER,  Mabledon  Park.  Tonbridge.  Kent.      ' 


WANTED,  a  thorough  practical  FORE- 
MAN,—One  accustomed  to  ihe  Management  of  Men  in 
a  Garden  where  Grapes,  Peaches,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  Plant--, 
Cut  Flowers,  and  Mushrooms  are  Grown  in  large  quantities  fo  • 
the  London  Market.  No  one  need  apply  but  those  who  have 
filled  a  similar  situation.— Apply  by  letter  to  VV.  MALLOM, 
103,  Noith  End,  Croydon. 


WANTED,  in  a  London  Market  Nursery,  a 
young  MAN,  as  Second  Hand,  under  Foreman. 
Married  pretcrred  ;  good  character  indispensable.  State  w.iges 
required  and  full  particulars  of  past  experience  and  where  last 
employed. -Apply,  by  letter  only,  to  T.  HERBERT,  16, 
Crown  Couit,  Russell  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 
Also  a  YOUTH  WANTED.-Addiess  as  above. 


General  Nursery  Assistant 

WANTED,  an  intelligent,  active,  and  reliable 
MAN,  capable  ot  giving  advice  on  Landscape  and 
Forestry  subjects.  Able  to  take  charge  ol  Nursery  Correspond- 
ence, and  generally  Assist  in  the  Management  of  a  large 
Nursery  Business.  No  one  need  apply  who  has  not  already 
had  similar  experience. — Applicants  to  state  in  writing  their  ex- 
perience age,  and  salary  required,  to  LITTLE  AND  BALLAN- 
TYNE,  Knowefield  Nurseries,  Carlisle. 

WANTED,in  Counting  House, as  LEDGER 
CLERK  and  responsible  MANAGER  of  that  Depart- 
ment, one  well  conversant  with  Wholesale  Seed  Trade.  -Apply, 
by  letter  only,  to  WATKINS  and  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb 
Merchants,  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  WAREHOUSE    PORTER. 
Wages  25s.      Must  be  experienced.— HY.  CLARKE 
AND  SONS.  39,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.— It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURV  LANE,  to  H\ 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
Lit  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  tnay  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsafest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  witliout  name,  address,  or  anything 
bevond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remittint;  to  give 
their  .\ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

I  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  ate  constandy  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  tliat 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
paruculars,  &c.— St,  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


October  9,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


479 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  reciulrlng  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messt^.  'Cans!.-- 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  a37  and  838,  High  Holbom.  WX. 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  &o. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.— Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  firsl-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son,  Highgale  Nurseries,  London,  N . 

Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  gUd  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  108.  High  Street,  Dumlries,  N.B. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS. 

—John  Downib,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentit 
requiring 


orthy  and  competent  Gardei 


TO  LARGE  NURSERYMEN,  HORTI- 
CULTURAL BUILDERS,  and  OTHERS.— The  Ad- 
vertiser who  ha^  had  much  ixperience  in  Designing,  Building, 
and  Healing  HonicuUural  and  other  Buildings,  Landscape  Gar- 
dening, and  Improvements  generally,  good  Draughtsman  and 
Estimator,  is  desirous  ol  an  Engagement,  either  permanently  or 
by  the  job.  Terms  very  moderate.  Good  testimonials.  — H., 
38,  New  Cross  Road,  London,  S  E. 

GARDENER  (Head).  — Good  Grower  of 
Choice  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegeiables,  also  Early  and 
Late  Forcing.  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and  industry 
—  5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham 


/  "1  ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  34,  married,   no 

VJT  family.— Advertiser  is  open  lo  engage  wiih  any  Lady, 
Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in 
all  branches  of  gardening.  —  GEORGE  SHAWLEY,  The 
Gardens,  Highfields,  Thelwall.  Warrington. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  31.— Mr.  Hath- 
away, Head  Gardericr  to  the  Right  Honourable  ihe 
Earl  of  Lathom,  Lathom  House,  Ormskirk,  can  with  confidence 
recommend  a  thorough  practical  all-round  Gardener,  with  ex- 
cellent character,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  one. 


p  ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— T.  Osman, 

\J<  Ottershaw  Park,  Chertscy.  Suirey,  can  with  coiiti  ieoce 
recommend  his  Foreman  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  ol  a  good  practical  man.  Two  years  in  pre- 
-For  further  particulars  please  address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept. — Age  26,  iiogle  ;  thirteen  years*  practical 
experience  in  all  branches  Can  be  highly  recommended. 
Abataiuer.  —  W.     GOLUbMITH,    The     Gardens,    Polesden, 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  29.— R.  Hub- 
BAKD,  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall,  Kettering,  is  at 
hberty  to  engage  wivh  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
thoruughly  practical  man.  Fifteen  yeais'  experience  in  large 
esiabli^fjmems  ;  good  reieiences. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Good  Man- 
aner  of  men,  &c. ,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  Charge  ot  a 
good  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  recommended.— GEORGE 
MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kimbolton,  St.  Neots. 

GARDENER  (He.\d).— ^10  Bonus  will  be 
paid  10  any  one  who  will  be  the  mean:>  tf  procuriug 
Advertiser  a  good  Head  Gardener's  situation.  Thoroughly 
experienced  in  Forcing  and  Management  of  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Gardens.  Highest  testimonials. — J.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wcllicgton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENER  (Head),  to  any  Lady,  Noble- 
man or  Gentleman  rt  quiring  a  first-class  energetic  practi- 
cal man,-  Married,  one  boy  (a»ie  lo).  Has  had  good  exoenence 
in  Laying-out  Grounds,  and  all  kinds  of  Planting  ;  could  Manage 
Small  Home  tarm  it  required.  First-class  recommendation. — 
W.  H.,  Iron  Gates,  near  Uttery  St.  Mary,  Devoo. 


C:i  ARDENER  (Head).  —  John  Dunbar, 
T  during  the  past  two  year^  Plant  Foreman  at  Blei.hiem 
Palace,  offers  his  services  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring a  thoroughly  practical  Gardener.  Ex.  el  lent  testi- 
monials from  all  p.evious  situations.  Mr.  Belhell  would  be 
pleased  to  answer  any  enquiries  respecting  capabilities  and  in- 
tegrity.—The  Gardens.  Blciheim  Palace,  Woodstock. 

C:i  ARDENER  (Head);  age  2>3^  married.— 
T  A.  Waterman,  Gardener  tj  H.  A.  Brassev,  Ejq  ,  Pres- 
ton Hall  Gardens,  Aylesfoid.  Kent,  can  with  confidence  recom- 
mend A.  Oock  lo  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  as  a 
thorough  practical  man  in  all  branches  (including  Orchids). 
Has  had  charge  of  a  large  Garden  (or  the  last  two  years  ;  pre- 
vicusly  lour  years  my  Foieman.     Excellent  character. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  39, 

married,  one  girl  (age  ir)  ;  thoroughly  expe.ienced. 
Sixyeiis'  chaiacter  ;  seven  previous.— C  C.,  Hill-farrance, 
Taunton. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  46; 
married,  no  encumbrance;  eight  jears' in  last  situation. 
Leaving  through  death  of  employer.— J.  BURTON,  Spinni- 
thorn,  Bedale. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  a 
first-class  Gardei.er  is  required. — Ihoroughly  under- 
stands Stove  Plants.  Orchids,  Forcing,  Vines.  Kitchen  and 
Flower  Garden.  Highly  rtcommended.— GARDEN  ER.  Ivy 
House,  Balham  Hill,  S.W. 

ARDENER   (Head  Working).— Age  30' 

married  ;  practical  knowledge  of  Siove  and  Gieenhouse 
Plants,  Orchids,  Fruit.  Melons.  Cucumbers,  and  Kitchen  and 
Flower  Gardening.  Good  reference.— H.  WOOD,  Bishopsteign- 
ton,  Teignmouth 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 
mariied,  two  children  ;  under^tauds  Early  and  Late 
Forcing,  Vines,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardenmg.  Three 
and  a  half  years'  good  character  ;  eight  previous.. — W.  B., 
Mrs.  Steedmau,  2,  Hockley  Terrace,  Bridge  Street,  Greenwich, 
Londen,  S.E. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working);  age  32, 
married,  one  child.— Lewis  Bloouworth  is  desirous 
of  engaging  with  any  Lady  ot  Gentleman  warning  a  first-class 
Gardener.  Sixteen  years'  experience  in  some  of  the  best  places 
in  England.  Good  Plant  and  Fruit-Grower.  Has  a  thorough 
good  character,  and  will  be  well  recommended  from  last  place. 
—  Buckley  Wharle,  Rugby.  


GARDENER  (Head),  or  GARDENER 
and  BAILIFF.— Age  39,  1.0  family;  understands  every 
branch  of  the  profession.  Highest  reference  as  to  ability  and 
integrity.  Long  personal  character.  Abstiiner.  —  G.  W  , 
2,  Belmont  Terrace.  Chiselhurst. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
handed). —Twenty  ye.irs'  experience  in  all  branches; 
Land  and  Slock  ;  Wife  good  Laundress.— H.  S  ,  Jt,  Widmore 
Road,  Bromley,  Kent. 

C"l  ARDENER.— Young,  seeks  re-engagement. 
T     Used    to    Orchids,    Greenhouse,    and    Stove    Work.— 
F.  H.  B.,  41,  Ledbury  Koad,  London,  W.  

C"'  ARDENER.  —  Age  32,  married,  two 
^  children  ;  a  thoroughly  practical  man,  practised  in  gar- 
dening, &c.;  among  other  places  Burghley,  Harewood,Croxteth, 
and  at  Downside.  L.eatherhead — among  the  Orchids.  References 
as  above.  The  chief  characteiistics  of  Mr.  Duthie,  the  man  in 
question,  are  iionesly.  sobriety,  and  ability. — R.  GILBLRl, 
Burghley,  Stamford. 

GARDENER  (Working,  or  good  Single- 
HANDED)-Age  30,  married.- G.  W.,  General  Foreman, 
WooUey  Park  Gardens,  near  Wantage.  Berks.  


GARDENER  (SINGLE-HANDED  Or  Second). 
Age  35.  married,  no  family  ;  good  experience  in  Indoor 
and  Outdoor  Work.  Two  and  a  half  years  in  last  place.  Good 
recommendation. — C.  P.,  Grove  Lodge,  Church  Street,  Epsom, 
Surrey. 

C"*  ARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Under). 
T     —No   family:    wife   excellent  laundress.      Good   chliac- 
tets.-T.  MARSHALL,  Rectoiy  Road,  Chelmsford. 


GARDENER  (Second,  in  a  large  place,  or 
Singlh-handhd).— Age  34,  married,  three  in  family  ; 
four  year^'  good  character  from  present  employer.  —  W. 
TOSELAND,  Seedsman  and  Florist,  23.  Gold  Street, 
Kettering. 

ARDENER  (Under)  ;  age   i8.— J.   HoR- 

The  Gardens,  Myton  Hall,  Helperby,  Vork,  wishes 
to  recommend  a  young  man  ;  two  and  a  half  years'  experience. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  20  ;  si-x  years' 
experience  bolh  Indoors  and  Out  Gojd  references. — 
C  H.  MORTER,  Coltishall.  Hall  Gardens,  tear  Norwich, 
Norfolk. 


G 


(  "^  ARDENER  (Under).— A  young  man,  who 

vT  has  lost  his  place  owing  to  reduction  of  establishment. 
More  than  twu  years'  good  character.— Apply  for  reference  to 
E.  W.  CRACROFT,  Esq  ,  Hackthorn  Hall,  Lincoln. 


G 


ARDENER     (UNDER).— Age      i8.  —  Mr, 

Driver.  Gardener,   Longfords,  Mincninhampton,  Glou 
hire,  can  strongly  recommend  a  young  man.      Four  yean 


GARDENER  (Under),  or  COWMAN.— 
Married,  no  family.  No  objection  to  make  himself 
useful.  Good  character.— A.  B.,  15,  Railway  View,  Slough, 
Bucks. 

FOREMAN,   or    SECOND    GARDENER, 
inside.— Age    25;    eleven    years'    experience. — JAMES 
BACKHOUSE  and  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  York. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age 
23;  can   be   well  recommended.  —  H.  W.,   Gardtntrs 
Chnmicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Slreet,  Strand,  W.C. 


JT'OREMAN,  in  the  Houses. — Age  26  ;  under- 
-  slands  the  Culture  ol  Vines,  Peaches.  Melons,  and  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Two  years'  good  character. — C. 
FITKIN,  Woodside  Cottage,  Elstead,  Godalminj,  Surrey. 


FOREMAN;  age  25.  —  Mr.  W.  Basket, 
Gardener  to  W.  J.  Palmer,  Esq.,  Hillside,  Reading,  will 
be  pleased  to  recommend  his  late  Foreman  to  any  Gentleman's 
Gardener  requiring 


FOREMAN,  or  otherwise,  in  a  private 
establishment.  — Age  26  ;  thorough  general  knowledge  of 
Gardening.  Highly  recommended. —  FOREMAN,  Spring 
ciiii  Lj \4..i.,^.n  u;..ii.. 


Hill  Ho 


FOREMAN  ;  age  26  —Mr.  BiRCH,  Head 
Gaidener  to  Sir  W  Eden,  Bart.,  Windlestoo  Hall,  Ferry 
Hill,  Durham,  can  with  coofi.ience  recommend  a  man  as  above. 
— T.  HARRISON,  Stone  House,  The  Scotlands,  Wolver- 
hampton. 


To  Head  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN,   &c. — A  fair  Bonus  given  for  a 
situation  as  abo-        '^ .....    ..„.-.,.i..  .„  d „. 

ing  and  Forcing.      H 
Slreet,  Southampton. 

OREMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  25  ;^  eleven 

vears'  exoerience   in    eood    establishments.     Good    cha- 
P.    MARTIN, 


PROPAGATUR  and  GROWER,— Well  up 
in  Mai  ket  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Cut  Flowers, 
and  General  Nursery  Trade,  Good  reference. — G.  H.,  Sea 
View.  Sugden  Road,  Wonhing,  Sussex.  


PROPAGATOR  (Assistant).— Three  and  a 
half  years  in  present  situation,— E.  P.,    Colon  Hill  Nur- 
sery, Shrewsbury. 


EOSE  GROWER.— Well  up  in  Propagating, 
Indoors  and  Out.    Thirteen  years*  experience.- JAMES 
LOVELESS,  Royal  Nurseries.  Grimsby. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  large  estab- 
lishment.— Age  24  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  good  places, 
two  years'  present,  three  years  previously  at  Hawkesyard  Park. 
— G.  L.,  Heathfleld,  Addington,  Croydon. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  agood  establish- 
ment :  age  23.— Mr.  Ford,  Gardener  to  H  R.H.  the 
Duke  of  Edinburgh.  Eastwell  Park,  Ashford,  w  iihes  to  recom- 
mend a  young  man  as  above.— J.  EASTWELL,  Eastwell  Park, 
Ashford,  Kent.  

JOURNEYMAN,  in   the   Houses.— Age   22; 

O  acquaioied  with  Orchids.— E.  BYE,  3,  Whitchurch  Lane, 
Edgware,  Middlesex. 

T  OURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

^  Age  21  ;  three  and  a  half  years  in  present  situation.  Well 
recommended  by  present  employer — J,  GREEN,  Eastwell 
Gardens,  Ashford,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN  ;  age  21— A.  Gates,  Gar- 
dener  to  Dr.  Meadows,  J. P.,  wishes  to  strongly  recom- 
mend a  young  man  as  Journeyman  in  a  good  Gardening  estab- 
lishment.—Poyle  Manor,  Colnbrook.  Slough. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment. — Age  i\  ;  seven  years'  experience  ;  two 
ycari'  character.  Bothy  preferred,  —  G.  WRIGHT,  The 
Gardens,  Monkhams.  Woodford,  Essex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  21  ;  eighteen  months  m  present  situation.  Well 
recommended  by  present  and  previous  emp'oyers — W.  SILK, 
Eastwell  Gardens,  Ashford,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  or  Out.— Age  19; 
five  years'  experience.  Twenty-one  months'  good  charac- 
ter from  present  situation.  —  F.  WICKHA.VI,  Highlands, 
Keymer,  Sussex^ 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out ;  age  21.— 

O      T.  HtTTCums,   Gardener  to  E.  Chairington.  Esq.,  Burv's 


JOURNEYMAN,   in  the   Houses,  or  Inside 

^-f  anl  Out.  — A^e  a6  ;  seven  years'  experience.  Good 
character.— F.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Oakley  House.  Gled- 
how,  Leeds. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or   SECOND,  in  a  good 

^  "      establishment  — Age   2t  ;    six   years'   experience. — B.   T. 


IMPROVER,  in  or  out  of  Houses  ;  age  19— 
Mr.  W.  Fraskr,  The  Nursery,  Malme.buiy,  can   recom- 

'■|''0  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation 

-»-  under  Glass.  Eight  years' experience.  Good  rtfererces 
Age  23  —A.  M.,  Mr.  Phillips,  Jephson  Road,  Upton,  Fores 
Gate,  Essex,  E. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted  a  situation 
in  a  Nursery,  to  Assist  in  the  Growmg  of  Soft-wooded 
and  other  Pianls. -GREGORY  and  EVANS,  Looglands 
Nursery,  Sidcnp. 

'I'O    NURSERYMEN.  —  An    active    young 

-L  man  desires  an  engagement  in  a  Nursery.  A  small 
salary  would  be  accepteo,  where  further  knowledge  of  trade 
might  be  acquired.  —  IMPROVER.  Ga^diners'  ChronicU 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

O     HEAD     GARDENERS.— Wanted,     a 

situation  for  a  respectable  youth  (Age  16)  in  a  good  es- 
tablishment. Small  premium  given  ii  required, — W,  FEN- 
NELL,  2,  Albion  Cottages.  Shooters'  Hill.  Kent. 

TRAVELLER,  in  Nursery  or  Seed  Business. 
T^eiily  years'  experience   in    the   Trade.  —  M.    D.,   Gar- 
deneri    Chronicle  Office.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN. — Thirteen  years'  experience  in 
all  branches  ;  understands  Book-keeping.  'I'otal  abstainer. 
First-class  reference.— C  E.,  Garderurs  Chronicle  OfTice,  41, 
Wellington  Street.  W.C. 

^HOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT,  in  Retail  or 

^sT/  Wholesale  Seed  Warehouse.  —  Four  years'  experience, 
with  a  knowledge  of  Nursery  and  Office  Work.  Good  testi- 
mOnid.-R    MILL,  16.  Reform  Street.  Dundee.  N.B. 

O  HOP  MAN.  —  Several    years'    experience. 

k^  Knows  the  business  thoroughly  in  all  ils  departments — 
Seeds.  Bulbs.  I'ools.  Sundries.  Fair  knowledge  of  Nursery 
Stock.  — HORTUS,  t6.  Elmgrove  Place,  Glasgow. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN. — Ten  years'  experience  in  first- 
class  houses,  including  James  Dickson  &  Sons,  of 
Chester.  LTnexceptionable  references.  —  SUNBEAM,  80A, 
George  Street,  Edinburgh. 

SHOPMAN,    or    ASSISTANT. —  Age    26; 
with  thorough  knowledge  of   Seed  Trade  and   branches  ; 
can  be  well  recommended.— W.   B  ,  Lamoureux  &  Co..    Ply- 


PARPENTER,     PAINTER,    or     HANDY 

V^  MAN,  on  a  Gendeman's  E^iaie  or  otherwise  —Fourteen 
years'  characters  from  last  three  places.  Total  abstainer, — 
J.  T.  L.,  51.  Whistler  Street,  Drayton  Park,  London,  N. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— The  Stomach  and 
its  troubles  cause  more  discomfort  and  bring  more  un- 
happiness  than  is  commonly  supposed.  The  thousand  ills  that 
settle  there  may  be  prevented  or  dislodged  by  the  judicious  use 
of  these  purifying  Pills,  which  act  as  a  sure  gentle  anti-acid 
aperient,  with^.ul  annoying  the  nerves  of  the  most  susceptible  or 
irritating  the  most  delicate  organization.  Holloway's  Pills  will 
bestow  comfort  and  confer  relief  on  every  headachy,  dyspeptic, 
and  sickly  sufTerer,  whose  tortures  make  him  a  burden  to  him- 
self and  a  bugbear  to  his  friends  'Ihese  Pills  have  long  been 
the  popular  remedy  for  a  weak  stomach,  for  a  disordered  Hver, 
or  a  paralysed  digestioa,  which  yield  without  difficulty  to  their 
regulating,  purifying,  and  tonic  quaUlies. 


48o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  9,  1886. 


NEW  FERN,  "ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  ELEGAN8." 

CHARLES  KERSHAW  now  offers  this  beautiful  FERN,  which  will  probably  supersede  all  others  for 
cutting  and  decorating.  Hitherto  almost  the  only  Fern  used  for  these  purposes  has  been  the  "cuneatum."  This  new  form  of  it  is  hardier, 
stands  better  when  cut,  and  luil I  produce  more  than  twice  the  number  of  fronds  than  that  old  favourite.  Nothing  more  need  be  said  of  its  merits  than 
to  give  the  following  condensed  description  of  it  from  the  Gardcnen'  Chronicle  for  August  i,  1SS5,  by  the  highest  authority  on  Ferns,  Mr.  MooRE  ;  — 
He  says  : — "This  is  an  elegant  variety  of  the  old  favourite  Adiantum  cuneatum.  The  fronds  are  of  about  the  same  size,  and  the  light  airy  appearance  which  its  small  and 
wide-set  pinnules  give  to  it,  gives  it  a  perfect  claim  to  the  title  of  elegans  which  we  propose  to  apply  to  it.  Less  dense  than  the  typical  form,  and  less  gossamer-like  than  ih ; 
variety  gracillimum,  it  is  about  intermediate  between  the  two,  perfectly  distinct  and  e(]uallv  effective  as  a  decorative  plant." 

The  Editor  of  the  Gardeiurs'  Chronicle,  October  2,  1886,  says  :— "  This  variety  retains  the  elegant  character  which  suggested  its  name — it  is  pleasing  and  graceful  in 
appearance.     The  plants  before  us  are  of  a  dense  stocky  habit,  and  carry  an  enormous  number  of  fronds,  and  are  well  fitted  for  furnishing  and  decorative  purposes," 


Extra  Strong  Plants,  a  foot  across,  with  from  30  to  50  fronds,  each  2s.  6d.,  or  free  per  Parcel  Post  33. 
PRICE     TO     THE     TRADE     ON    APPLICATION: 


CHARLES    KERSHAW,    The  Slead  Syke  Nurseries,    BRIGHOUSE. 


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Ut 

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Tcunzihlet  en.  ahcve.  Post  Free. 


PLANTING     SEASON. 

All  intending  Planters  should  send 
for   our 

NEW  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE, 

and  come  and  inspect  the  stock. 


PLANS      AND       ESTIMATES 

LAYING-OUT    and    PLANTIXG 

all  kinds  of  Ornamen'al  O  ounds,  &c. 


FOREST       AND      FBUIT       TREES 

planted  by  the  acre  or  thousand. 


CORDON    FRUIT  TREES 

A    SPSriALTY       SEND    FOR    PAMPHLET 
OF    ABOVE. 

Ornamental    Trees    and    Shrubs, 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

I  HHEAL^RONS 

^  B  1^    Crawley,        U  Sussex. 


THE   Darlington 

GOLD  MEDAL  ALL-WOOL  DRESS  FABRICS 


(AS     WORN     BY     H.R.H.     THE     PRINCESS     OF     WALES) 


Are  now  Supplied  Direct  from  the  Manufactory,  at  Wholesale  Price,  there  being 

no  Intermediate  Profits  whatever. 


PLEASE     NOTE     THAT 


ANY     ARTICLE     CAN     BE     CHANGED     WITHIN     SEVEN     DAYS. 

Ladies  in  any  part  of  the  World  are  invited  to  Send  FOR  PATTERNS,  Post-free,  of  the 
new  makes  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Seasons,  which  embrace  every  variety  of  material  desired, 
and  of  which  the  Daily  News  says  : — 

g^  The  union  of  warmth  to  lightness,  so  necessary  te  health,  is,  in  these  materials,  brought 
to  perfection.  .  .  .  The  fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed — English  wool,  be  it 
understood— imparts  the  admirable  quality  of  draping  in  those  soft  folds  now  so  essential  from  the 
point  of  view  of  fashion. 

SPECIAI.  ATTENTION  is  directed  to  our  celebrated  CROSS-WARP  SERGES,  which,  alike,  resist 
the  effects  ol  weather  and  sea,  lO^d.  to  Ss.  per  yard.  Our  GOLD  MEDAL  CASHMERES,  in  all  the  New 
Colourings,  from  Is.  6d.  to  43.  6d.  per  yard.  NEW  and  FASHIONABLE  COSTUME  CLOTHS  in  great 
variety,  from  65d.  to  5s.  p;r  yard,  including  "The  LOWSTOCK,''  "The  ASHEHURST," 
DAMIETTA,"  "  The  KHAIBER,"  "  The  SHU  MLA,"  "  The  TARAPACA,"  "The  PANAMA," 
HOLSTEIN,"  "  The  ZEELAND,"  &c. 

CHARMING    NOVELTIES  in    SKIRTINGS,     including     "The    YESSO,"     "The    NINGPO," 
FOO-CHOO,"  &c. 


•The 


-Ji^^tA) 


PATTERNS       POST-FREE. 


HENRY  PEASE  &  C^'s  SUCCRs.. 


Spinners  and 
Manufacturers, 


DARLINGTON, 


PLEASE    NOTE    THAT    ALL    PARCELS    ARE    CARRIAGE    PAID. 


[ESTD.    1752, 


Editorial  Communk 

Printed  by  Willia 

Hid  William  Richari 


IS  should  Im  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  ^z,  Wellington  .Street,  Cov-nt  Garden.  London.  W.C. 
[CHAKDS,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs,  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombaid  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  IVliddle-^ex,  and  Published  by  ihe 
t  tlie  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  satd  Co.mty.— Satukdav,  October  9,  1886.     Agent  lor  Manchester—  lorfN  Hkvwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstaijltfiijeti  1841. 


No.  668.— Vol.  XXVI.  {sSf.Es.}    SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  i6,   iS86.  \^ 


Registered  at  th 


,,  )     Price  5d. 

Newspaper.  >-„  ,  , 

)  Post-free,  s^d. 


SUPPLEMENT 


CONTENTS. 

;,  burnt  earth 


for 
Anthurium 
Apiary,  the 

Ashton  Court,  notes  fror 
Autumn  tints 
A  valuable  suggestion    . 
Harley  experiments 
Books,  notices  of:— 

Flora    of    Oxfordshire 


the 


Illustrated     Handbook 
of  Victoria     . .         . .     499 

Origin    of    Cultiva'ed 
Plants..  ..         ..     499 

Subtropical  Cultivators 
and  Climates  ..     499 

Bouvardias  . .  . .     50t 

Bulb  garden,  the  ..     495 

Ceylon        499 

Cle  natis,  free-flowering  .     498 
Dendrobium     hercoglos- 


Fig  the  Roma 


Milford 

Mushroom,  the  field 
Odonloglo^sum     Harrya- 


Paris,  hailstorm  r 
Picea  ajanensis  . 
Planting    in    the 


Plant  protecting  material, 


Plants  and  their  cultu 


Rims  radicans 
Ripening  of  the  v 
Roots 
Rosery,  the 


Snowy  Mespilus,  the 
Royal  Horti  ultira 


Trees  and  shrubs 
Trltomas    . . 
Tsuga  (jrunomana 


Weather,  the 
ILLUSTHATIONS. 


Agaricus  tampest 
Cleiiatisjackmar 
Snowy  Mespilus.  the 


(white).     See  Supptei 


SnBSCBIBEBS     TO 

Y'HE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    regularly,    are   particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.  

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGBAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON" 

Now  Ready.  In  clotli.  163. 
'-pHE  GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

1         Volume  XXV..  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS.  4t.  WellmatoD  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

THE  LONDON  CORN  EXCHANGE 
ANNUAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHOW  will  be  held 
at  the  Corn  Exchange  Hotel.  Mark  I  ar.e,  E.C.,  onTUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY,  November  2  and  3. 

Class  I. —  For  twenty-four  named  blooms,  12  Incurved  and 
12  Japanese,  open  to  Nurserymen  and  Amateurs,  ist  prize, 
i,i  2i.  ;  2d  prize,  C^  ts.  The  remaining  Nine  Classes  open  to 
nly.     Fiuther  particulars  to  be  obtained  of 

Mr.  HENRY  ROBINS,  Secretary, 


Com  Exchange 


Last  Day  of  Entiy,  October  3c. 


KINGSTON  and  SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  TENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  »ill  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  9  and  10,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes  the  champion  Challenge  Vase,  value  25  guineas,  and 
two  Cups,  value  $  guineas,  will  be  offered.  Enuies  CIcse 
November  4.     Schedules  and  fur.her  particulars  of 

T.  JACKSON,  Hen.  Sec. 
Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames. 

ATIONAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY,  Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S  W. 
GRAM)   CHRYSANTHEMUM,    FRUIT,    and    VEGE- 
TAHLE  EXHIBITION,  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 
Schedules  free  on  appli 


Mr.  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  H 
npton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  E. 

"  "  Wednesdays.  Octobi 


Sec. 


.and  Dec 


thalfp 


/Clock  I 


WATFORD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
PresiW^nl— The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  nr  Clarendon. 
The  FIRST  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
and  ether  AUTUMNAL  FLOWERS  and  FRUIT  will  be 
held  in  the  Agricultural  Hall,  Watford,  on  TUESDAY  a>  d 
WEDNESDAY,  November  16  and  17.  Schedules  can  be 
obtained  on  application  to  the  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer, 


CHRYSANTHEMUM       SHOW, 
YORK,  188S.— Held  in  the  Fine  Art  Exhibition  Building 
on  NOVEMBER  17.   18,  and  19.      Liberal  Prizes  far  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruit,  and  VegeUbles.     Schedules  to  be  obtained  of 
J.  LAZENBY,  Spurriergate,  York. 


HULL  and  EAST  RIDING 
CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY. 

The  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  the 
Artillery  Barracks,  Hull,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY, 
November  18  and  19,  when  PRIZES  to  the  value  of  j<;i73  will 
be  cITered  lor  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone. 

Class  i.— 48  Blooms,  24  to  be  incurved  in  not  less  than 
18  varieties.  24  to  be  Japanese  in  not  less  than  18  varieties. 
■  it  Prize,  ..Cio  ;  2d,  £3  :  3d,  £s  :  4th,  £:,. 

Other  Valuable  Prizes.  The  SILVER  CHALLENGE 
VASE,  value  15  guineas,  will  be  offered  wUh  the  tst  priz:  in 
Class  I.  Entries  Close  November  11.  S.hedules  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Hon.  S? 


R.  FALCONER   lAMESON, 
WM.  HAWKSWORTH. 


i  Dock,  Hull. 


EUCHARIS  AMAZON  I  CA.— 

1000  fine  sirong  Bulbs,  planted-out  in  a  bed,  clein  and 
healthy.     If  taken  in  me  lot  wiil  be  sold  for  6^^.  each. 

Apply,  H.  HARVEY,  Woolley  Park,  Wanlage,  Berks. 

TREE  CARNATIONS,  fine  plants,  twelve 
best  sons,  25J.  per  100;  best  named  SHOW  CARNA- 
TIONS and  PICulEtS.  30!  per  ICO  ;  fi.  e  BORDER  CAR- 
NATIONS, isi.p'r  iot;  InDIARUBBER  PLAivTS,  strong. 
5-1.  per  100— W,  JACKSON.   Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 


/■GARDENIAS,   Winter-flowering  HEATHS, 

vJ     CAMELLIAS,     AZALEAS,     BOUVaRDIAS,    CAR- 
NATIONS, PALMS,   FERNS,  FICUS.  DRACAiNAS,  and 
others.     1  housands  of  fine  healthy  plants  to  select  Irom. 
Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 
JOHN    STANDISH   and   CO..    Royal   Nurseries,   Ascot. 

PRIMULA  (Double  White),  strong  stuff,   in 
5  and   o-iuch  pois.    los   tj.  per  Oi  z-!n.        tUCHARIS 
AMAZONICA,  eitabhihcd  in  7  aud  8-inth  pots,  2s.  61/.  each. 
Terms,  cash  wilh  order. 
E  J  JARMAN.ThePeople'sSeedsmin,  Chard. Somersetshire. 

I?   LEWIS  has  a  fewThousand^DI  ANTUM 
.    •   CUNEATUM  todisposeofoutoffo's.     Good  sluff.  i8s. 
per  100  for  cash.     Packing  free.     Price  per  icco  oa  application. 
Nurseryman,  Kedleston  Road,  Derby. 


ILY  OF  THE  VALLEY.— Genuine  Berlin 

J         forcing  kind.     Write  (or  lowest  Trade  price  ti 
H.     DAMMANN.     Jjn.,      Breslau,      Germany. 


E 


Now  is  the  time  to  Plant 
E      R      G      R       E       E 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen.  Wort 


HYACINTHUS   CANDICANS.  —  Having 
saved  Seeds  of  the  above.  I  can  sell  them  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  London  Flower  Mission.     100  seeds  fji  is.  6d. 
Miss  WARNER,  Broomfield.  Chelmsfoid. 


A  Quantity  of  strong  Dwarf 

G LOIRE  DE  DIJON    ROSES    for  SALE, 
very  low  price  for  cash. 
HENRY  ROCK,  Rose  Grower,  Kembertoo,  Shifnal,  Salop. 

HOME  GROWN   CHRISTMAS    ROSES, 
in  all  ihe  best  varieties,  really  first-class  stuff. 
I    should    be    happy  to    furnish   samples   and   prices. 
THOS.  S.  WARE.  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham.  London. 


AZALEA  INDICA.— All  the  best  sorts,  with 
buds,    or  only   while,  variegated,    or  double    flowered. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  with   buds.     CAMELLIAS,  best  sorts, 
with  buds.    SP1R.«\  JAPONICA,  DEUrZIA  GRACILIS, 
&c.  :  IMANTOPH  YLLU.M,  the  largest  collection. 
CATALOGUES  Iree  00  application. 
ED.  PYNAERT-VAN  GEERT,  Ghent.  Belgium. 


STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS.  —  Bothwell 
Bank   Seedling.    Admiral  Dundas,  and  El  OQ  Pine,  181. 
per  1000,  2*  per  100.     Cash  with  order. 

J.  HANSON,  Florist,  Nunthorpe.  R.SO. 


FOR  SALE,  or  in  EXCHANGE  for 
ORCHIDS,  RHYNCHOSPERMUM  JASMINO- 
IDES,  afiae  Specimen  Plant,  in  tub  2  feet  in  diameter,  and 
trained  on  Balloon  Tieilis,  6  feet  by  2  leet— grand  plant  for 
ExI  ibiting. 

T.  J.  HART,  Birr  Castle  Gardens,  Parsonstown,  Ireland. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantiiy.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oblam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 

Peacties  —Pea  ches  -Peachsa. 
ANTED,   good    FKUIT    of   above,    also 
STEPHANoTIS,  ORCHIDS.  EUCHARIS,  &c. 
WISE    AND    RIDES    Covent    Garden,     London,     W.C. 

CATALOGUES    WANTED.  —  Growers    of 
Roses.  Fruit  Tiees,  &C- ,  are  requested  to  send  Copies  of 
their  latest  Catalogues  to  the 

SECRETARY  ol  the  ROSE  GROWERS'  ASSOCIATION. 
Box  213,  G.P.O.,  Sydney,  N.S.W.,  Australia. 


w 


To  Market  Growers  and  the  Trade. 
IVARCISSUS  (DAFFODIL)  for  cutting;  can 

i•^  be  forced  or  planted  out-of-doors.  POETICUS 
ORNATUS,  Early  Flowering  White;  GRE.\T  NONSUCH, 
Yellow  varieties;  SCOTICUS.  and  many  other  varieties.     Price 

BARR  and  son.  12,  King  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W  C^ 

To  the  Trade.— A  quantity  of 

MRS.  SINKIN,  Double  White  PINK,  fine 
large  Plants  for  Forcing  ;  also  a  quantity  of  Double 
VIOLETS,  Neapolitan,  Marie  Louise.  Fragrantissima  fl.-pl.. 
Belle  de  Chatenay.     Price  on  application  10 

WILLIAM  TRUSLER,  Market  Gardener,  Feltham. 


There  la  hut  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Rsiser. 
The  Raiser  supplier  2->r.   and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3r.   each. 
All  the  finer  tid  kinds  at  ij.  to  21.  each 

SPIR.'F.'V  PALMATA.— The  fii.e.t  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largC't  slock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 

I)OSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
it  Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  suns,  in  pots.  15J-  to  36J. 
per  dozen.     Ilesciiptive  LIST  free  on  anpUfaii  -n. 

RU:HARU    S.VllTH    AND    CO,     Nuiseiymtn    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester.  

ESSRS.    FRED.    HORSMAN  AND  CO., 

f)RCHlD  Imporieks.  Colchester.  beg  to  announce  thai 
w   line. leaved   CAIAI.O.UE  of  O.chid  Sptciiliies  is 
dy.  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  apj'i-atlou  10 
FRED.  HORSMaN  and  CO  .  Colchester. 


M 


Rosea— Rosea  -Rosea. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO  (John  Co«an),  Lmited.  have  a  l.rRe  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  RDSeS  in  all  ihj  leidi  g  varieties  ;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MAREJHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJDN, 
and  other  CLIMBING  ROSES  in  pots.     Ciicular  wilh  prices 


appli 


Ibe  Vineyard  and  Nu 


.  Garston.  Liverpool. 


o 


Bulb  Catalogae. 
UR         GENERAL         LIST 

of  BULBS  and  LILIES  for  Autumn  Planting  (No  84), 
is  now  published.  Any  Customer  net  having  received  a  Cop,  , 
is  lequested  to  app'y  for  one. 

NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  COM  PAN  Y.Colchester. 

Grape  Vlnea  and  Strawberries  (in  pots). 

FRANCIS   R.    KINGHORN  otifers  very  fine 
Stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties  true  tu  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

Sheen  Nurseries.  Rich-nond.  Surrey. 

OUBLE      WHITE     PRIMULA,      grown 

especially  for  winter  blooming,  extra  strong  pUnts,  in 
5-inch  pots,  I2J.  per  dozen,  75J.  per  ico ;  EUCHARIS  AMA- 
ZONICA, bloomine  bulbs  in  5-inch  p3ts,  121.  per  d  zen,  75X. 
per  roo;  EUCHARIS  CANDIDA,  3  blooming  bu!b:>  in 
5  inch  pot.«,  50J.  per  ico  bulbs.     Cash  with  order  to 

TURNER    BROS..    Nurserymen  and  Floriits,  Green  Hill 
Nursery,  Allerton,  Liverpcol. 

r  AING'S    DUTCH    BULBS. —  The  finest 

Li     Roots  procurable  of  HYACINTHS,  TULITS,  NAR- 
CliSU.s,  CROCUS,  SNOWDROPS.  &;.     Importations  Irom 
best    sources    have    arrived.       CATALOGUE    posted    to    aU 
Customers.     Copies  on  application. 
JOHN   LAING  AND  CO  .  Bulb  Merchants.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

/"IRAPE    VINES.— Our   stock   of    Vines   is 

VJ  in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.  A  LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway.  London.  N. 

STRAWBERRY   PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 

'T?  Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market  Miss  Jolliff  CARNATIONS,  Marie 
Louise  VIOLETS,  and  Marchioness  PRI  MULAS.— Apply  lor 
particulars  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

rice  3r.   per  loo,    12^.    dd.  per  500,   2or.    per  lo^jo. 
From  leading  varieties.     LIST  00  application. 
Sample  of  Plants,  post-free.  yi. 
W.  LOVELand  son,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

ASPBKRRY    CANES    to     SELL.  —  The 

famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croopers.  Read  Mark 
La.;e  Exfrss  —Apply  to  ALBERT  BAIH,  Sevenosks.  Kent. 

TMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

X.  S  jecial  cffer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pu.e  Bracken  fibre  ; 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 

10,  Cullum  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  Src. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fhuits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.    J.    WELCH    begs    to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  proouctions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS,  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  G^rdeiuri  Clientele,  1883  to  1S86- 
Addrbss,    25,    Wellington   Street,    Strand,    London,    W.C. 


L 


R 


482 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  16,  1886, 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 

Largely  engaeed  in  Planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
bci;  ti  call  the  atlealion  ..f  Gentlemen  and  toe  Tiade 
who  intend  pl.inti'  g  largely  dnrinii  the  beacon  to  their  numerous 
SALES  of  NURSf.RY  STOCK,  which  are  continually  beh.i; 
held.  Announcements  appear  in  this  Paper  every  week,  and 
the  Auctioneers  will  be  pleased  to  forward  CATALOGUES  on 
application  to  their  Offices. 

Central  Auction    Rooms  and    Estate   Offices,    67    and    63, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELLby  AUCTION,  at  iheirCentral  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68  Chrap,ide.  E.C  ,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  S^TURD^V,  at  halfpjst  11  ..'triock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellcnt  quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  ihe  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  vieiv  mornini!  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Every  Wedaesday. 

CAMELLIAS.  AZALKA^,  FICUS,  PALMS,  DRACAENAS, 
and  other  PLAVl'S  from  Belgium:  RllSES  in  pots  a 
choice  assortment  of  Hardy  BULBS,  LIl.IUM  AURA- 
TUM.  Roman  HYACINTHS  Duch  BULBS  in  variety, 
10,00)  Double  African  TUBEROSES,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  at  iheir  Cent.al  Sale  Rooms,  67 
and  68.  Cfieaoside,  E.C,  EVERY  WEDNESDAY,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  their  Centra'  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  Lon- 
don, F.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  22,  at  half  past  .2 
o'clock  Dreciselv,  fine  importauons  of  the  scarce  and  beautiful 
ODONToGLOSSUM  PARDINUM,  ONCIDIUM  NUBI- 
GENU  VI,  in  large  masses;  MAXl  LLARIA  GRANDIFI  OR  A 
ANGR/ECUM  LEONII,  OD.jNTOGLOS'^UM  ALEXAN- 
DRyE,  of  the  finest  type  ;  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PESCATf)- 
KEI.  all  in  extra  cinditi in  :  also  a  splendid  plant  of  L«LIA 
ELEGANS  SCHILLERIANA,  in  flower  ;  fine  round  flowered 
forms  of  ODLlNlOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDRA  in  flower; 
dark  varieties  of  L/EMA  DAYANA.  CALANTHE  VERA- 
TKIFDLIA,  ONCIOIUM  TIGRINUM,  (J.  VARICclSUM 
ROGER^II,  with  strong  branching  spikes  in  fijwer  ;  CCEL'). 
GYNt  RUCKERI,  fine  plants:  a  good  lot  of  ONCIOIUM 
HUBiCHl,  a  pretty  yellow  fl  .werered  Oncidium  ;  a  few 
plants  of  tne  new  and  rate  DENDROBIUM  HS.ROIGLOS- 
SUM;  two  beauiiiul  (orms  of  LYCASTE  SKINNEKI  in 
fliwer.  AERIUES  LAWRENCI-/E  in  flower;  very  fine 
p'anisof  DNCIDIUM  HAST»TUM  ROfZLII,  TRICHO- 
l-ILIA  MARGINATA,  CATTLh.YA  SUPERBA  SPLEN- 
DENS,  and  many  olher  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  m  .rning  o(  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

WiUeBden  Laae.  N  W. 
TO  BUILDERS  and  OTHERS. 
A  large  quantity  of  beautifully  grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 
consisting  of  Conifers,  in  variety,  1500  LaurcL,  fine  plants  ; 
1000  Privet,  70)  Auiubjs,  3  feet  ;  700  Yews  and  Box,  3  to 
5  leet  ;  300  Green  Hollies,  3  to  4  leet,  &c  :  Fruit  Trees  in 
variety:  1000  Euonymus,  of  S)rts  ;  looo  Double  White 
Primulas,  500  Maidenhair  Ferns,  and  other  plants. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Goubert,  to  SELLby 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Salusbury  Road  and  Avenue 
Nurseries,  Willesden  Lane,  N.W  .  near  the  Queen's  Park  or 
Brondersbury  Stations,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  October  19.  at 
It  o'clock  precisely,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 
Now  on  view.  Catalogues  miy  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Cambridge. 
THREE  DAYS'  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE 
of  the  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK  (also  LIVE  and 
DEAD  STOCK),  by  order  of  Mrs.  Tredgett.  who  is 
relinquishing  this  Nursery  in  consequence  of  the  expiration 
of  her  tenancy. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  The  Ainger  Nurseries,  Hislon  Road.  Cambridge, 
(one  mile  from  Histrn  and  three  from  Cambridge  stations), 
on  TUESDAY,  October  19,  and  two  following  days,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  without  reserve.  16  Acres 
of  well.g.owu  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  lor 
removal,  including  large  qi-aitities  of  Conifers  and  Evergreens, 
l2,o03  Ornamental  and  Forest  Trees,  3000  Manetti  Cuttings, 
8000  Spruce  Firs,  ra  oao  two  year  Privet,  5000  oval-leaved  and 
common  Privet.  1000  Aucubas,  2800  Vews  and  Hollies,  16,000 
Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  3400  Currants  and  Gooseberries, 
9000  one  year  Maiden  Fruit  Trees,  10,000  Standard,  Pyramid, 
and  Dwarf-trained  Fruit  Trees.  2  acres  Magnum  Bonum 
Potatos,  t  acre  Mangel  Wurzcl,  Horse,  Spring  Cart,  Hives  of 
Bees,  two  Pigs,  Poultiy,  Plough,  and  other  efl^ects. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises ;  at  the  Seed  Snop,  31,  Market  Kill,  Cambridge;  and  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  and 
Leytonstone. 

Brixton,  S  Wr. 
TWO     DAYS'    SALE     of    WELL-GROWN     NURSERY 
STOCK,   ail  recently   transplanted.       Important  to   those 
engaged  in  Planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Ponsford  &  Son  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premi-es  The  Nursery,  l.ouehboroueh 
Park.  Brixton,  SW..on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 
October  20  and  2t,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large 
quantity  of  excellent  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising  a  gieat 
variecy  o(  l!  vergreen  and  Flowering  Shrubs.  1500  Aucubas, 
2000  oval  leaved  Privet,  4000  Laurels  of  sorts,  Ornamenlal  and 
Forest  Trees  in  variety,  500  London  Planes,  fine  trees  ;  Standard 
and  Dwarf  Mulberries,  for  which  this  Nursery  is  celebrated  ; 
Standard  and  Dwarf-trained  Fruit  Trees,  7000  green  and  varie- 
gated Euonv  mus  :  also  a  choice  assortment  of  Greenhouse 
Plants,  specimen  Camellias,  Lapagerias,  Azaleas,  Eucharis,  &c. 
May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
and  01  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Le'wlsbam.  B.B. 

CLEARANCE    SALE   without  reserve.       Important   to  the 
Trade  and  Large  Buyers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  R.  Biggs  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises,  The  Nurseries,  Lewisham.  S.E..on 
FRIDAY  NEXT.  October  22.  at  12  o'clock  punctually,  many 
Thousands  ol  Evergreens,  and  Deciduous  Shrubs  comprising 
Hollies,  Aucubas,  LaU'estinus,  Laurels,  Fruit.  Trees,  Roses, 
10  000  Ivies  and  Creepers  in  pots  :  two  powerful  Van  horses, 
pony  :  nearly  new  Market  Van,  iron  rollers,  mowing  machines, 
carts,  harness,  and  numerous  other  effects.     Now  on  View. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  on   the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auc- 
tioneers and  Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 

Woking,  Surrey.— Without   Reserve. 
THREE  DAYS'  SALE  of  unusually  well  grown  NURSER'Y 
SIOCK.       IMPORTANT  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 
lirgely  engage.1  in  planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  H.  &  C.  Cobbett  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Horsell  Nurseries,  Woking 
(fifteen)  minutes'  walk  from  the  Woking  Station),  on  TUES- 
DAY. October  26,  and  two  following  days,  at  12  o'clock 
precisely  each  day.  several  acres  of  unusually  well  grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has  been  caiefully  prepared  for 
removal,  consisting  of  8  01  Rhododendrons,  16:0  Spruce  Firs, 
2500  Roses.  4003  Green  and  Variegated  Hollies,  2000  Common 
and  Portugal  Laure  s,  gojo  Oval-leaved  Privet,  gooo  Pinus 
austtiaca,  2COO  Poplirs,  of  sorts,  and  o  her  Standard  Or.  a- 
mental  trees  ;  fooo  Fruit  Trees,  including  Standard,  Pyramid, 
and  Dwarf  trained  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  &c.  :  23,0:0  Muss^ll 
Plum  Stocks,  47,000  Scotch  Firs,  30,000  Manetti  Stocks,  and 
other  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had   on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  £.C. 

Sutton,  Surrey. 

By  order  of  the  Executors  of  the  late  Mr.  Henrv  Potter, 

CLEARANCE  SALE  nf  the  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK. 

Two  Days'  ~ale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  insiiuclfd  to  SELL  by  AUCllON,  on  the  pre- 
mises, The  Nurseries,  Thicket  and  Lower  Ro,ads,  Sutton, 
Surrey,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY,  October  28  and  29,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  the  remarkably  well-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  cnsisting  of  large  numbers  o!  Conifers, 
all  carefully  transplanted  ;  oinmon  Hollies,  120a  standard, 
pyramid,  and  dwarf  trained  Fruit 'Trees,  90Q0  strong  standard 
and  dwarf  Roses  of  the  best  sorts  ;  5000  oval  leaved  Privet,  of 
various  sizes  ;  2500  Laurels,  of  sorts  ;  30C0  2-yr.  Fruit 
Stocks,  Standard,  Ornamental  Trees,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68.  Cheap-ide,  E  C. 


Tottenbam.— Prellmlaary  Notice. 

IMPORTANT    ANNUAL    SALE    o(    remarkably    WELL- 
GRuWN  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Hale  Farm  Nurseries.  Tot- 
tenham (adj  lining  the  Tottenham  Hale  Station),  on  TUESDAY, 
November  2 


io,oo3  Splendidly  grown  Dwarf     20,0c 
Roses 
S  000  Ornamental  '^hrub;              8,0 
3, coo  Standard       Ornamental       5,0c 

>o  Berlin    crowns    Lily   of 

the  Valley 
to  Haidy  Climbers  in  pots 
0  Border    and  Tree    Car- 

Trees 
2,oDO  Christmas  Roses,  Home-    50,0 

nations 
x>  verv  strong  forcing  Sea- 
Kale 

ANTS  and  other  Stock, 
ek.     May  now  be  viewed. 

7,000  oval-leaved  Privet 
Thousands  of  HERBACEOUS  PL 
Fuller  pirticiilare  will  appear  next  we 

I  Hardy  Climbers 

RhDdodendrons,  1 
I  American  Arbor-v 


The  Goldsmith's  Park  Nurseries,  Groomhridge, 

Tunbridge  Wells. 

IMPORTANT  TWO  DAYS'  SALE  of  valuable  NURSERY 

STOCK,  by  order  of  Mr.  E.  Hollamby, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  i- ELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
as  above  (close  to  the  Groombridge  Station),  on  TUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY,  November  2  and  3,  at  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely each  day  : — 
50,000  Cupressus       Lawsonii,  I  5. 

I0.030  Thuia  Lobbii  |  i,. 

2  ooD  Abies  Douglasii  3. ceo  Veronica  Traversii 

6,oco  Roses  I  i.ooD  Caucasian  Laurels 

And  many  thousands  of  beautifully-grown    CONIFERS  in 
variety. 

Fuller   particulars  will  appear  next  week.     May  now  be 

ORTHCOMING        SALES 

OF  NURSERY  STOCK. 

In  addition  to  those  advertised  above  by 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE    and     MORRIS. 

NOVEMBER  i.— At  OsBORN  NURSERY,  HAMPTON, 

by  order  nf  Mr.  Will    Tayler. 
DATE  NOT  FIXED.— At  the  NURSERY,  PARK  LANE, 

Tottenham,  b»  ord,r  of  Mr.  H    E.  Pennett. 
NOVEMBER  4. -At  the  BOWERaud  LING  NURSERIES, 

Maidstone,  by  order  of  Messrs    Frost  &  .Sons. 
NOVEMBER  5.— At  the  NURSERY.  FELTHAM,  by  order 

of  Messrs.  Lee  &  Son. 
NOVEMBER  Q  and   10 -At  the   ROYAL    NURSERIES, 
ASCOT.    Annual    Sale,   by    order    of    Messrs.    John 
Standish  &  Co. 
NOVEMBER     it    and    12.— At    the   AMERICAN    NUR- 
SERIES. LEYTONSTONE. 
Catalogues  will  be  forwarded  on  applicitioo. 


Orchids  In  Flower.  —  Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  a  'uounce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  the  above  will  lake  place  on  TUE.^DW,  OCTOBER  26, 
for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of 
ENTRIES  as  EARI  Vas  PdSSIBLE. 

Thursday  Next  -(sale  No,  7247  ) 

MEXICAN  ORCHIDS  :-fo  Odontoglossum  Ehrenberghii, 
i2oOncidiuras  rco  Epidendrums,  Cattleya  citrina.  La:  ias, 
Sobraha  macrantha,  &c 

100  splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  HARRISI  (the  Easter  Lily 
of  Bermuda). 

100  AMARYLLIS,  10,000  South  African  TUBEROSES,  S:c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT,  October  21. 

Cn  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Bulbs-Bulba- Bnlhs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.  every  MONDAY.  WEUNEbDAV, 
and  SATURDAY,  first-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted 
to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  and  Saturtlay  Next. 
Choice    named    Indian    AZALHAS,    CAHELl^IAS.     DBA- 
C/ENA^,    FICUS     ELASTICA,    PALMS,    and    other 
PLANTS  from  Ghent. 

MR.     J.      C.      STEVENS     will      include     con- 
signments of  the  above  in  his  SALES  by  AUCTION 
at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C..  on 
WEDNESDAY  and  SATURDAY  NEXT,  October  20  and  23. 
On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next  -(S.ale  No.  7247 ) 
CHOICE      ESTABLISHED     ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W  C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  2r, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely.  400  lots  of  fine  ESTAB- 
LISHED ORCHIDS,  including  Cypripedium  Arthurianum, 
very  fine  plant  ;  C.  Spicerianum,  grand  specimen,  with  nine 
flowers;  C.  Schroderi,  fine  plant;  Cffilogyne  cristata  alba; 
Oncidium  Rogersi,  in  11  iwer,  with  grand  spikes  (fine  plant)  ; 
Odoiitcglossum  Alexindrse.  several  fine  vars.  ;  Dendrobiuin 
Ainsworihii,  Trichoglotlii  fasciata,  specimen  Phaltcnopsis,  with 
grand  spikes  ;  Aetides  Leonii  (rate),  Dendrobes,  in  quantity  ; 
20  Cypripedium  callosum,  Rchb.  f.  (new) ;  20  Cyrtopera 
Regnieri,  &c 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Mellord  Nurseries,  near  Godalmlng,  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT  FOUR  D.^YS  SALE  o(  FlRST-cLASS 

NURSERY   STOCK. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tio.isfromMr.  Maurice  Young,  to  SELL bv  AUCTION, 
on  ihe  P.emi  es,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  WEDNESDAY, 
THUKSDAY.ai.d  FRIDAY,  November  9,  to,  it.  and  t2.  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  beau.ilully  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  in  caoital  condition  for  remival.  including  about  : — 
3000  mixed  EVERGREENS  and  CONIFERS  in  Borders; 
500  Yews.  4  to  6  feet  ;  500  Aucubas,  2  to  3  feet  ;  5C0  Thuia. 
Lohbii,  2  to  4  feet  ;  Silver  Fits.  Cedrus  Deodara.  &c.,  6  to 

3COO  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA,  3  to  5  feet  ;  500  Cupres- 
sus Lawsoiiianalutea,  300  gracilis  and  others,  iJ4  ioal4  teet  ; 
500  Abies  Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet  ;  and  300  Golden  Iriati  Yew. 

6o3oRETIn6sPORA   PLUMOSA  AUREA,    and     FLAV. 

ESCENS,  i5^  to  2'/i  feet,  suitable  for  pots, 
icoo  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN  BOX.  a  to  3   feet;  4000 

St.  John's  Wort,  2000  Berberis  aquifoliura,  i'^  to  2  feet. 
2000LIGUSTRUM  OVALIfOLIUM,  bushy,  4  to  5  feet  ;  and 

5000  Evergreen  Privet,  2  to  4  feet  :  3000  Purple  Ltlac,  2  to 

4  feet  :  and  1000  other  Flowering  Shrubs. 
io.oo>  LAURELS  of  sorts,  iH  to  2}4  feet. 
6oao  choice-named  Hybrid  and  oiher  RHODODENDRONS, 

Clemitis,  and  other  climbers.  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses. 
S3  specimen  You-e's  Golden  Chinese  JUNIPER,  4  to  7  feet. 
5000SPRUCE  FIRS.  2  to  4  feet.    Suitable  for  Christmas  Trees. 
75,000  tran.planied  QUICK. 
10,000    ORNAMENTAL   and    FOREST  TREES   consisting 

of  Sycamore.  Norway  Maple,  Black  Italian,  '  Intarian  and 

Ahele  Poplars.  Laburnums,  &c.,  5  10  10  feet,  &c. 
May  be  viewed  a  week  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had 
on  the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  J,  C.  STEVENS,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

N.B.— The  Nurseries  are  situated  H  of  a  mile  from  Mil'ord 
Station,  and  one  mile  fram  the  new  Godalming  Station,  on  the 
direct  Portsmouth  line. 


EARLY  SALE.— ABSOLUTELY  WITHOUT  RESERVE. 

HIGHLY  IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  nearly 
2  Acres  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  consequence  of  the 
land  being  required  by  the  School  Board  for  London. 

MESSRS.  FULLER  and  FULLER  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  John  Russell  to  SELLby  AUCTION, 
at  the  Nursery,  as  above,  on  MONDAY,  October  18.  at  it  for 
12  o'clock  punctually,  the  Stock  as  under,  comprising  about  :  — 
6000  good  bushy  PRIVET,  from  2  feet  6  inches  to  6  feet  high. 
7000  good  bushy  Green  EUONYMUS,  from  9  in.  to  3  ft.  high. 
2000  Lombardy  POPLARS,  from  9  to  12  feet  high. 
5:0  Russian  LAURELS,  from  a  to  4  feet  high. 
40a  CONIFERS. 

503  AVIPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  in  pots,  3  to  4  feet  high. 
500  Irish  IVIES,  in  pots,  5  to  6  feet  high. 
And  a  quantity  of  other  SHRUBS  and  MISCELLANEOUS 
ITEMS,  &c. 
Messrs.  Fuller  &  Fuller  would  specially  draw  the  atten- 
tion of  Gentlemen,   Nurserymen,    Builders,  and    others  to  the 
above  Sale,  as  aflfirding  an  exceptional  opportunity  of  acquir- 
ing well-grown  SHRUBS  and   TREES  adapted  for  Plantinf; 


fori 


nedi^ 


effect. 


The  Stock  can  be  viewed  on  the  FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY 
prior  to  the  Sale,  and  the  Vendor  will  arrange,  if  desired,  to 


Great  Nursery  Sile  at  Annan 

WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  October  23  and  21, 

each  day  at  rt  o'Clock 

(owing  to  Expiring  of  Lease  of  26  Acres  of  Nursery  Ground). 

MESSRS.  JOHN  PALMER  and  SON, 
Nurserymen.  Annan,  Dumfriesshire,  have  arranged  to 
offer  for  SALE  by  PUBLIC  AUCriON.  oa  OCTOBER  20 
and  2 1,  the  whole  of  the 

VALUABLE  NURSERY  STOCK 
growiriE  on  the  above  ground,  cninprisiog  millions  of  seedling 
and  transplanted  Forest  T  e»s  (A  all  descriptions),  immense 
quantity  of  Thorns  in  s'zes  for  hedging,  large  stock  of  Mahouia 
and  other  Plants  suitable  for  coverts  ;  thousands  of  Orna- 
menlal Trees,  Sh'ubs.  and  Coniferee  for  immediate  effect ; 
large  lot  of  choice  Rh  dodendrons,  including  maenificent 
specimens,  from  4  to  7  feet  in  height,  beautilulty  set  with  buds. 
The  whole  of  tl-e  Stock  is  in  th-  best  possible  condition  for  re- 
moval, and  Will  be  SOLD  by  AUCTION,  by 

Mr.  DAVID  MITCHELL.  Horticultural  Auctioneer. 
6,  Comfly  Bank,  Edinburgh. 

Note. —The  Auctioneer  begs  to  draw  the  attention  of  those 
interested  to  this  Important  Sale.  The  Messrs.  Palmer  are  the 
largest  and  most  successful  growers  of  Seedling  and  Transplanted 
Forest  Trees  in  Scotland,  their  Nurseries  are  over  120  acres  in 
extent,  are  situated  close  to  the  Solway  Firth,  consequently  the 
Plants.  Trees,  and  Shrubs,  are  of  the  hardiest  descriptions. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  from  the  Auctioneer  ;  also  Messrs. 
JOHN  PALMER  and  SON,  Nurserymen,  Annan,  Dumfries- 


October  i6,  i886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


483 


Wast  Drayton.  Middlesex. 
IMPORTANT    SALE  o(  NURStRV    STOCK. 

MR.  E.  P.  NEWMAN  has  been  instructed 
by  Mr.  Jonathan  Smith  to  SELL  by  AUCITuN,  in 
the  Drayton  Fields,  on  TUESDAY,  October  19,  about  9  ,500 
APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  CHERRY  TREES,  UOOiE- 
BERRY  and  CURRANT  BUSHES,  and  other  NURSERY 
STOCK  of  the  very  best  kinds. 

Catalogues  of  the  Auctioneer,  U-xbridge. 

TO  THE  SEED  and  NURSERY  TRADE. 
—Th^Alvertiser  is  anxious  to  PURCHASE  an  ESTAB- 
LISHED BUSINESS  in  the  Seed  Trade,  or  Seed  and  Nut- 
scry  preferred.  Must  be  a  good  going  concern,  and  bear  the 
strictest  investigation.     Preference  would  be  given  to  one  in  the 

Address    SEEDSMAN,    Cardoitrs'   Chroittch    O.Tjce, 
4t,    Wellington    Street,    Strand,    W.C 

O  SEEDSMEN  and  CORNDEALERS.— 

Advertiser  is  OPEN  TO  PURCHASE  a  really  sound 
BUSINESS,  within  easy  rail  of  London,  if  P,  oprietor  :s  willing 
to  tXCHANGE  fjr  sound  London  LONG  LEASEHOLD 
BUSINESS  PREMISES,  let  on  leases  to  good  tciants 
Value  either  £^^o.  £wo,  or  Izao  (if  divided). 

Mr.  MARKS,  3    Zinzan  Street,  Reading. 

To  Market  Garileners.  Florists,  &c. 

TO  BE    LET,    with    Immediate    Possession, 
33  Acres  of  LAND,  of  excellent  quality,  well  adapted  for 
Fruit  Trees,  Strawberries.  Roses,  &:.  :  14  miles  south  we^t  Irom 
London,  and  r  m  le  from  a  Statnn.      For  terms  apply  to 
Messrs.  DOWSETT  and  WOODS,  70,  Lincclns  InnFields,W  C 

PROTHERGE  and  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Market  GARDE.vand  Estate  Auctionbers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68.  Che.ipside.  London.  E.C  ,  and  at  Le>  ton- 
stone,  E.       Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application 

THE        (GARDENERS'       ROYAL 
BENEVOLENT    INSTITUTION. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN,  that  an  ADDITION  to 
the  LIST  of  PEN S ION ERS  of  this  In.titution  will  be  made  in 
JANUARY  NEXT.  All  persons  desirous  of  becoming  Candi- 
dates are  required  to  send  m  their  Applications  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  or  before  the  loh  of  NOVEMBER  NEXT,  alter 
whiah  day  they  wid  not  be  received. 

Preference  will  be  given  to  those  Applicants  or  their  Widows 
who  have  been  Subscribers  for  15  clear  years.  .Shoull  there 
not  be  sufficient  of  this  class  of  applicants  to  till  the  vacancies, 
then  the  cliims  of  others  will  be  considered  — Bv  order, 

EDW.  R.  CUTLER,  S  :c. 

so,  Parliament  S  reel,  London,  S  W.-0;t.  6,  i885. 

P  S— Printed  Forms  and  all  informalijn  can  be  obtained 
from  the  Secrca-y. 

DOUBLE    TUBEROSES.— Extra    fine. 
MORLE  AND  CO-  cITer  the  above  cheaper  than  any  H.  uie 
in  the  Trade.     The  priiiclpal  Covent  Garden  Market  growers 
purchase   regnlarly  of  us,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  quality. 
For  price  per  100,  icoo,  or  5000,  write  for  Special  LIST. 
I  and  2,  and  162.  Fenchuich  Street,  E.C. 


ONE  THOUSAND  ONE  HUNDRED  and 
FIFTY  Choice  FLOWER  ROUTS  for  One  Guinea, 
carriage  paid  to  any  address.  For  contents  see  Bulb  CATA- 
LOGUE Irom 

MORLE   AND  CO.,  Wholesale  and  Retail   Seedsmen  and 
Bulb  Importers,  i  and  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 

UTCH   and   other  FLOWER  ROOTS.— 
MORLE  AND  CO  'S  Choice  BULBS  gaired  ist  and  2! 
prites  last  season  in  comepetition  with  others  cos  ing  double  the 
money.     Everything  be=t  quality,  at  lowest  prices.     See  CATA- 
LOGUE, free.— I  and  2,  and  162,   Fenchurch  Street,  E  C. 


N  ARC  I  SS.  — GRAND  MONAROUE, 
ORANGE  PHCENIX;  SCILLA  SIBERICA.  Special 
low  offers  for  these  and  many  other  varieties  of  Bulbf,  on 
application  to 

WATKINS    AND    SIMPSON.  Seed  and  Fu'b  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

OR    SALE,    Large    CYCAS,   also    a    few 

healthy  PALMS,   3;^   feet  high  — SABAL  UMBRA- 

CULIFERA      BLACKBUKNIANA,      PHCENIX     RUPl- 

COLA,  LATANIA   BORBONICA  ;  also  alewlaige  FERNS 

and  Succession  Queen  PINES.    Apply  to 

THOS.  MUReHY,  Cleveland  Lodge,  Great  AyloB    Yotks. 


EUG.     VERVAET  -  DE     VOS     offers  :  — 
INDIAN  AZALEAS  at  751.,  io3i.,  and  120J    per   too 
AZALEA  MOLLIS  at  401  ,  fot.,  and  80s.  per  100. 
CAMELLIAS,  with  names,  at  locj.  and  1231    perioo 
SP1R«\  JAPONICAatSs.  and  105.  perico. 
All  bud  plants,  in  the  most  splendid  condition. 
The  Indian  Azalea  Nur.^ery,  Swynaerde,  near  Ghent,  Belgium. 


Orape  Vines 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited,  hive  this  season  a  splendid 
slock  of  CRAPE  VINES,  clean,  robust,  and  healthy.  Intend- 
ing purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  the 
Kiowing  season.    Planting  Canes,  51.  and  71.  id.  each  ■,  Fruiting 


23  6d  —New  ChrysantHemum. 

GOLDEN     LUXEMBURG,    bushy, 
dwirf.  free  dowering.  A  good  solid  flower,  and  very  bright. 
Order  from  the  firm  you  deal  with  :  2.1.  6./.  each,  or  24!.  per  dozen. 
W.  WATSO.N,  Highim  Hill.  Waliham,tow,  Essex. 

ELLEBORUS       NIGER,      Imported. 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  extra  large  English. 
LILIUM  AURATUM,  in3M2es. 

,,     I.ONGIFLORUM.  from  Japan. 
Special  low  offers  on  application  to 
WATKINS   AND    SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

XPIGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS,   in 

^~-i  Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  121.  to  241.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


^EBBS' 

te«  BULB8. 


For  Prices  and  Lists 
of  Contents  see 

WEBBS' 

m      BULB 
CATALOGUE, 

Post-free  for  6  penny  stamps. 


All  Bulbs  Free  by  Post  or 
^  RaU. 

-^  '    rive  per  Cent.  Discount 
for  Cash. 


HYACINTHS 


,  Hy 


For   POTS  and   GLASSES. 


ICO  Hyacinths  iQ 
50  Hyacinths  in 
50  Hytcimhi  in 
25  Hyacinths  in 

11  Hyaciiiihs  in 

12  HyaciDlhiia 
12  Hyacinths  in 


For    EXHIBITION. 

12  Superb  Hyacinths  for  Exliibilion. . 

25  Superb  Hyacinths  for  Exhibitioi 41 


MIXED,   for  BEDDIN9. 


Red,      2/6  p 
White,   2/6 
Blue.      2/6 
Yellow,  3/ i 
Mixed,  2/6 


WEBB    &    SONS, 

Seedamen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  tlis  Queen 
and  H.R  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF 

FRUIT   TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

The  Illuslratid and  Dtscriptive  CA  TALOGUE  af  FRUITS 

fast-/,€r. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-free. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


®li)ffsiaMi5h£i)."S'' 


—  (Roofer,  — 

SUPERB    QUALITV. 

^he  Spifk  of  gjoUani. 


Prices  very  moderate. 

ifree  Deltveries. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 


Sltliablt  altoaoa.  Address  infull— 

K^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS, 
^be  (Queen's  Seedsmen,    •> 

GHESTEI^.    


ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLKLOWFRS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS.  POLYANTHUS,  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ri.  per  dozen  ;  55.  per  too, 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  15.  per  dozen  ;  41.  per  100;  351. 
per  rooo. 

VIOLAS  and  beddinn  PANSIES,  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  is.  dd.  per  dozen  ;  Ss.  per  100. 

260.000  Of  the  finest  Hardy  Perennials, 

all  best  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.  6j.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3J.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  31.  id.  per  dozen. 
PHLOXES,  T  year,  3r.  ;  2  years.  5X.  per  dozen. 
PYRETHRUMS,  41.  per  dozen  :  20J.  pet  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double  white,  lilac  and  sulphur,   31.   id  pet 

dozen. 
PRI.MULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  Germm  IRIS,  2s.  id.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  English  IRIS,  ts.  per  dozen;  5s  pen 
HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  4 


per  < 


DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shades,  3?.  per  dozi 
HARDY    PERENNIALS   in   variety,  (or  c 

ri  kinds,  31   ;  23  kinds,  6x.  ;  50  kinds.  I2i.  6rf  ;  100  variet 
30i.  :  100  pLints  in  50  vaiieties,  281.  ;'  200  varieties,  6oi. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy;  five  houses  from  too  to 
feet  lone,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  m 
room   for   winter  and  spring  stock.     12    varieties,    6j. ; 


351- 


Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 
APPLES.   PEARS,  PLUMS,  and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 

or.  and    12X.  per  dozen  ;  Standards,  9;..  12;.,  and  i8f.  per 

dozen  ;  dwarf-trained,  t8i..  21J.,  and  24J.  per  dozen, 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  2j.  id.  to  4t.  per  dozen  ; 

tSJ.  to  25J.  per  ICO. 
RASPBERRIES,  u.  to  2j.  per  dozen ;  6s.  to  tjj.  per  10. 
RHUBARB   4f.  to  6j.  per  dozen.     CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES.  35  of  the  best  varieties,    ground  plants, 

2r.  id.  per  100  ;  in  2>^-inch  pots,  loJ.  ii.  per  loj  :  in  5-inch 

p  .ts.  for  fcrcirg  2SJ.  per  ico. 
VIN  ES.  10  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  planting  canes,  31.  to 

Sr.  each;  Fruiting  Canes,  is.  to  7..  id.  each. 
Three  Acres  of  Roses. 

Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  ol  best  sons  ;  12  fiae  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  75, ;  50  for  251   :  100  tor  45J. 

MOSSES,  CLIMBERS.  NOISETTES,  &c.,  is.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 

Conifers,  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  all  sizes  and  v.arielies,  and  in  the 
most  he^lihy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalougue. 

FOREST  TREES  of  sorts.  6j.  ptr  dozen  ;  4or.  perioo. 

EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  togs  per  dozen  ;  40s.  and  601. 
per  100.  ... 

DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  4;.  per  dozen  ; 

3,&C. 


RHOIJUDENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet,  pink,  <:rit 

sh.ides,  i3f.  and  241.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALI FOLIUM,   for  hedges,    51.  per 


45«. 


THORN  (JUICKS.  201.  and  251,  per  loco. 

I^^  Everything  wanted  fjr  a  Garden  in  the  best 
qu.ittty  at  low  prices,  i^arge  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.      CLIBRAN      &      SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  &c,, 

THE  BEST  tVERGREENSandFLOWERINGSHRUBS, 

THE  REST  PAKK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FKUlr  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c. 

May  be  seen  and  putchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining   Waltham    Cross   Station,    Great    Eastern    Railway, 


SEEDLING        BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 
NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

15J.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection) 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  ^a^ie^y,  free  for  ^d.  in  stamps. 

JA'HES  L.  BOYsON,  Caen.  Calvados,  France. 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  their  extensive  stock  of 
Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  of  alt  descriptioos,  for  Planting  or 
Forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and  well  budded. 
The  Azalea  mollis  are  remarkably  fine  and  well  budded,  and 
they  offer  good  bushy  Plants,  full  of  buds,  at  8j.  to  qj,  per 
dozen ;  50J.  to  605.  per  loo.  They  have  also  to  offer,  in  quantity, 
Hollies,  Aucubas,  Laurels,  Retioosporas,  Flowering  and  Orna- 
mental Trees  and  Shrubs,  Lilium  auratum,  S:c. 

Their  stocks  of  these  are  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  are 
yery  moderate.     Catalogues  post-free  on  application. 

Brook  Lane  Nursery,  ORUSKIRE,  LANCASHIRE. 


484 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


^October  16,  1886. 


SUTTON'S   -N-M-TABLE   HYACINTHS 


"  The  Hyacimhs  I  Iiad  f.  om  you  are  in  beautiful  bloom. 
They  are  splendid  ;  every  one  asks  where  I  obtained  them  " 
Mr.  H.  Klencowe,  Castle  Hotel.  Devizes. 


For  BEDDING. 

To  Floiver  Shnultamottsly, 


"  The  open-air  Hyai 
any  grown  in  consei 
Kncnules,  A  rdingley. 


RED.. 


BLUE 


WHITE 


SUTTON'S    INIMITABLE     SCARLET     HYACINTHS 
SUTTON'S    INIMITABLE    DARK    B03E     HYACINTHS 
SUTTON'S    INIMITABLE    LIGHT    ROSE    HYACINTHS 


C   SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    BLUE     HYACINTHS 

:    SOTTON'S  INllMirABLE     LIGHT     BLUB     HYACINTHS 

t    SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    DABK    BLUE     HYACINTHS 

(    BUTTON'S  INIMITABLE     PUKE     WHIIK     HYACINTHS 

\    SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    TINTED     WHITE     HYACINTHS 


per  dozen     5  6 

5  6,, 

5  6,. 

per  dozen     5  6     per 

5  6          „ 

5  6  „ 

per  di.zcn     7  6     per  : 


per  loo  40  O 
40  0 
40    0 


40 
40 
40 

55 

44 


SUTTON'S     INIMITABLE    TULIPS     FOR     BEDDING,  (  per  dozen    i^6/-Derioo    lo^  6a' 

IN    VARIOU-;   SHADES  OK   OJLdUR  '  I   F^'    UOZt,!],     li.  O /.  ,    pcr    1  U(J,     lUi.  UM. 


For  full  particulars  eee    SUTTON'S    BULB    CATALOGUE,     Gratia  and  Post-free. 


SEEDSRTEN  by  ROYAL  WARRANTS  to 
the  QUEEN  and  PRINCE  of  WALES. 


ROYAL  BERKSHIRE  SEED 

ESTABLISHMENT,    READING. 


THE    SUCCESS    OF    THE    SEASON 


DARLINGTON 


(Gold  Medal) 
Box    of 


PATTERNS, 


■which  every  Lady  should  see  before  Purchasing  her 

AUTUMN    AND    WINTER    DRESSES. 

Sent  Post-jree,  on  application  to  the  Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Darlington  Gold  Medal  Dress  Fabrics, 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS 


SPINNERS   AND 
J      MANUFACTUBERS 
Established   in   1752. 


,  THE  MILLS,  DARLINGTON. 


"  The  union  of  warmth  to  lightness,  so  necessary  to  Jiealth, 
is,  in  these  materials,  brought  to  perfection.  .  .  The 
fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed  ijjipar/s 
the  admirable  quality  of  draping  in  those  soft  folds  now  so 
essential  from  the  point  of  view  of  fashion." — Daily  News. 


ANY        LENGTH        GUT. 


w>u/»j4i«.l!4fe^^*iiik.'-^  *ji.^:Li^& 


ALL    PARCELS    ARE    CARRIAGE    PAID. 

Ladi»8  sending  their  Addresses  will  receive  Patterns,  free  by  return  of  Post,  and  will 
please  note  that  any  Article  is  Changed  within  seven  days. 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


485 


. PAUL  &  SON 

Respectfully  invite  attention  to  the  following 
SPECIALTIES  : 

PAUL'S  -  Bulbs  -  WALTHAM     CROSS. 


HYACINTHS,   for   Bordfrs,   from 


per  I 


NARCISSUS, 


POLYANTHUS 

from  2f.  per  dozen. 
CROCUS,  from  ij.  6d,  per  loo. 
SNOWDROPS,  Double  and  Single, 

Border  NARCISSI,  JONQUILS,  ANEMONES,  RANUN- 
CULUSES, LILIES,  GLADIOLI,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPlRiEAS,  &c.,  cheap  and  good.     See  Catalogue. 

PAUL'S  — Roses  — WALTHAM     CROSS. 

STANDARDS,  from  i,s.  per  doz. 
DWARF  STANDARDS,  from  los. 

DWARFS,  from  6j.  per  dozen. 
CLIMBING,  from  6s.  per  dozen. 
FORCING,  iu  Pots,  from  an.  per 
dozen.  [dozen. 

NEW  VARIETIES,  from  185.  per 
The  Rose  Garden,  by  Wm.Paul, 
F.L.S.,8th  edition,  with  plates.  31  J,; 
the  same  without  plates,  lar.  (>d. 
The  Rose  Annual,  with  plates,  six 
parts,  i,s.  each.  Roses  in  Pots,  5th 
edition,  as.  Roses  and  Rose  Cul- 
ture, II. 

PAUL'S-Camellias-WALTHAM    CROSS. 


GOOD    PLANTS,    f.c 


SPECIMEN^;,  frc 


)  30  cuin 


AZALEAS.  Winter-bloominR 
HEATHS.  EPACRISES,  GAR- 
DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS.  LA- 
PAGERl  AS  and  other  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 


PAUL'S- Trees -W ALT HMVI     CROSS. 


PL-^MCS,  LIMES,  and 
o  her  AVENUE  and 
P\RK  TREES,  from  i 

WEEPING    TREES    „     i 

FLOWERING 

SHRUBS  ..     „    s 

EVERGREEN        ..     „    2 

PICTORIAL  TREES  „     t 

RHODODENDRONS. 
Seedlings  ..     ,,2 

Named  sorts        ..     „     1 

CLIMBING  PLANTS,,     c 
Planting  Done  hy  Eslimat 
Contract. 


PAUL'S  -  Seeds  -  WALTHAM    CROSS. 

Of  every  description,  of  the  first  quality,  aiid  low  in  price. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS  for  autumn 
::PEAS,BEANS,CABB.AGE. 
CAULIFLOWER.  CARROT. 
CRESS.CUCUMBER.LETTUCE 
MUSTARD,  ONION,  RADISH. 
SPIN.'VCH.  TURNIP.  &c 

FLOWER  SEEDS,  various,  for 
ulumn  sowing;  CINF.RARIA, 
CALCEOLARIA,  PRIMULA, 
CYCLAMEN,  BALSAM, 
ASTERS,  &c.  :  the  finest  florists' 
trains  are  always  on  sale. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  ss.  per 

bush.  MATS,  KNIVES,  GLOVES, 

TOOLS  and  every  garden  requisite. 

GLADIOLUS,    BRENCHLEY. 

■  ENSIS,  fine,  5s.  per  too,  u.  per  doz. 

PAUL'S-Fruit  Trees-WALTHAM  CROSS. 

APPLFS    PFARS,  CHliRRIER, 

PLUMS    Standards,  from  15.1.  doz. 

P>Tamids 


D«arft 


lined 


J  4  J. 


ach 


Standard  trained    7s   6,^. 
APRICOTS,    PEACHES,    and 
NECTARINES,      Dwarf- 
tramed,  from  30s.  per  doz. 
Stindord  trained,  ^s.  6d.  each. 
GRAPE  VINES,  jr.  M.  to  los.  6d. 
FIGS    21  dd  toM.  6rf.  each.    [each, 
r  \SPBERRIES.  from  12s.  6d.  per 
[.00. 
s  I  I    \WBERRIES.     fr  m    31.    per 
I  I  I  I  I  RTS    from  6s  per  dozen. 
CLKRANTS    ad    GOOSE- 
BERRIES, from  31.  per  doz. 

Goods  Packed  for  all  parts  of  tlie  world 

J"  Full Descri/'tire  and  Priced  CA  TALOGUES  will  be 
ardcd.  fost-frcc,  on  application.  Special  and  Reduced 
e  ■where  large  quantities  are  required.    Inspection  invited. 


WALTHAM    CROSS,    N. 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  attention  to  the  following  List  of  well- 
grown  and  properly  rooted 
NURSERY      STOCK:— 

ABIES  CANADENSIS,  4  to  8  feet. 

„    DOUGLASn,  3  to  6  feet. 

„     DOUGLA'^II  GLAUCA.  3  to  s  feet. 

.,     HOOKERIANA  or  PATl  ON  I  ANA,  3  to  5  feet. 

,,    ORIENTAL  IS,  4.  5.  6  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

..  PARRYANA  GLAUCA.  i\i  to  3  feet,  hundreds.  All 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA  GLAUCA,  3  to  6  feet,      [from  seed. 

„     DEODARA,  6t0  9leet. 

.,     LI  BAN  I  (Cedar  01  Lebanon).  4  to  s  feet,  hundreds. 
CUPRESSUS   LAWSONIANA    ERECTA  VIRIDIS.  3.  4. 

„     LUTEA,  3,  4,  and  5  feet,  hundreds.  [5  to  8  leet. 

JUNIPER,  Chinese,  s,  8,  to  12  feet. 

..     Chinese,  Golden,  3  to  8  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  2  to  5  feet. 

„     GRANDIS.  5t0  7  feet. 

,,    LASIOCARPA.  3  to  5  feet. 

,.     MAGNIFICA.  2  to  3  feet,  hundreds. 

„    NORDMANNIANA,  4,  6,  7,  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

..     PINSAPO,  6toiofeet. 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA.  3  to  3','  and  4  'eet.  well  furnished  and 
transp'anted  October,  1885.  thousands. 

„     CEMBRA.  3,  6  to  8  feet 
RtriNOSPORA  OBTUSA  AUREA,  3  to  6  feet. 

,.    PISIFERA  AUREA(tiue).  3to6feet. 

„    PLUMOSA  AUREA.  3  to  5  feet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS,  4  to  6  feet. 

„     DOLABRATA,  3,  4.  and  6  feet. 
THUIA  LOBBII.  4  to  5  feet. 

„    OCCIDENTALIS  LUTEA,  3to6fMt. 

„    SEMPER  AUREA.  2;^  to  3  feet. 
YEWS,  Common,  3.  4.  and  5  feel,  thousands. 

„    Common,  6  to  10  feet. 

„     Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We  have  thousands  as  Pyramids,  Globes,  and  Stan- 
dards, in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled. 

„    Golden,  Seedlings.  3,  4   5.  to  8  feeL 

„     Irish,  5  to  10  feet,  hundreds. 

,.     Irish,  Golden,  Seedlings.  3.  4  and  5  feet. 
AZALEAS,  Hardy,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3,  4,  and  5 

feet,  thousands. 
RHODODENDRONS,  3.  4,  5   6    8  to  10  feet,  thousands  of 
finer  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  Nursery. 
ta'  The  file  Standard  and  other  Rhododendrons 
annually  planted  in   Rotten   Row,   Hyde  Park,  are 
supplied  by  Anthonv  Watbrer. 
AUCUBA  JAPONICA,  i\i  to  4  feet. 

BAMBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps.  5  ti  8  feet  high,  trans- 
planted spring.  1886,  hund'eds. 
BOX.  Green  and  Variegated,  3.  4,  5,  6  to  7  feet,  ihiusands. 
HOLLIES.  Ccmraon  Green,  3.  4,  5  up  to  10  feet. 

„  altachrense,- 

„     HODGINS', 

„    LAURI  fOLIA,         I-  3,  4,  5  up  to  to  feet- 

„    MVKTI  FOLIA,         ' 

„    SCOTTICA, 

,,     Yellow-berried  and  other  sorts. 

„     Variegated,  of  sorts.  3    4.  5  up  to  10  feet. 

,,  Golden  Qu-en,  3  4,  5,  6,  7  to  10  (eet,  hu-idredi  of  beau- 
tiful specimens. 

„     .Silver  Quern.  4  to  10  feet.  sole,  did  soecimens. 

,,  Weeping.  Perry's,  on  sfaight  sttms.  w.th  heads  of  ten  1 1 
fiien  vests' growlh. 

,,     Weep  ng.  New  Golden,  a  large  quintity  of  beautiful  pUnts. 

The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  stems,  fine  heads,  aid 
splendid  roots,  and  have  all  been  transolaniel  withio  two  years  :  - 
ACACIA  BESSONIANA.  6to  12  feet. 

„     SEMPERFLORENS,  12  to  i4feet. 
ACER  DASYCARPUM,  tj  to  16  (eet. 

,,    „    WIERII  LACINIATA.  10 'eet. 

„     NEOUNDO  VARIEGATA,  Standards,  8  to  10  fe:t. 

„     LEOPOLDII.  IMO  I4feet. 

„     REITENBACHII,  8  to  10  feet. 

„    SCHWEDLERII.  12  to  16  feet, 

„     WORLEYII,  Standards  12  t)  14  feeU 
ASH,  Mountain.  10  to  14  (eet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 

,,     Purple.  Pyramids  and  Standards.  9  to  16  feet. 
BIRCH,  Purple,  J4  to  15  feel. 

,.     Silver.  .2  to  14  feet. 
CHESTNUT.  Hors-.  14  to  16  feet 

„     „     Doub'e  Wh  le    10  to  u  feet. 

„     „     Scarlet,  12  to  16  feet. 

,.     Spanish,  12  feet. 
ELM-1.  English,  .0  to  t 
I  feet. 


ifeeL 


LIMES. 

,.     FUCHLORA  or  DASY^TIL^,  10  feet. 

..     Silver-leaved,  10  10  14  'eet. 
LIQUIDAMBAR,  6  to  8  f«t 
MaPLF,  Norway,  i«  to  16  feet. 
OAK.  English.  10  to  12  feet 

.,     Scarlet  American,  n  10  14  'eet. 
PLANES,  English  griwn,  12  to  16  feet. 
POPLAR  BOLLEANA,  10  to  12  feet. 

,.    CA'-IADENSIS  NOVA  (the  true  variety),  la  to  16  fe  t. 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  14  to  16  (eet. 

..     Purple,  t4  to  16  feet. 
THORNS.  Double  Scarlet.  8  to  10  feet. 


While    8  t 


WEEPING  TREES. 
BEECH.  Weeping.  Pyramids  and  Standards,  8  to  ij  feet. 

.,     ..     Purple,  Pyramids  and  Sladards,  7  to  12  feet. 
BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards.  8  to  14  ft. 
ELMS.  Weeping.  Pyramids  and  Standards,  7  to  14  feet. 
LARCH.  Weeping  Pyramids.  6  to  10  feet. 
OAK,  Weeping  English,  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 
POPLAR,  Weeping.  Pyramids  and  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 
SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA,  Standards,  8  to  9  fee'. 

Waddesdon  Manor,  Baron  F.  DE  Rothschild's,  and 
Eythrope,  Miss  Alice  ee  Rothschild's— together  the  mo.t 
extensive  and  successfully  planted  places  in  the  history  of  Eng- 
land— were  supplied  principilly  fr^m  the  Knap  Hill  Nursery. 

Intending  planters  are  iifzited  to  inspect  the  Plants  groin- 
ing;  HO  one  interested  in  such  matters  luill  regret  the  trouble. 
Catalogues  convey  hut  a  very  inadequate  idea  0/ such  a  sto,k. 

A   DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE 

will  be  sent  on  application. 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    i6,    1886. 


Knap  Hill  Nursery,  Woking,  Surrey. 


M  I  LF  o  RD. 

IF  it  became  necessary  to  show  the  "intelli- 
gent foreigner"  a  good  specimen  of  a  small 
country  town,  and  an  equally  good  specimen  of 
a  country  village,  it  would  be  difficult  to  find 
better  samples  of  either  within  the  same  distance 
of  London  than  are  afforded  by  the  town  of 
Godalming  and  the  village  of  Milford  respec- 
tively. After  passing  the  gravels  and  clays  of 
ihe  Thames  Valley,  the  heaths  and  sands  of 
Woking,  and — astonishing  transformation  ! — the 
chalk  at  Guildford,  the  traveller  is  landed  in 
a  greensand  district,  with  a  sandy  and  loam 
soil,  richly  wooded,  with  little  streams  and 
meadows  in  the  hollows,  and  on  the  high 
ground  hills  which  stretch  away  towards 
Reigate  and  on  past  Maidstone,  till  they  abut 
on  the  sea  coast  at  Folkestone.  Neither  the 
town  nor  th^  village  has  any  very  speciil 
feature,  but  both  are  pirtural  and  charming. 
T.ipeting  spires,  grey  towers,  timbered  houses 
and  gabled  roofs  peep  out  from  a  dense  mass 
of  foliage— so  dense  that  the  size  of  the  huge 
trunks  is  concealed,  and  no  adequate  idea  of 
their  size  is  obtained  till  you  come  close  up  to 
them.  The  neighbourhood  has  some  interest 
for  the  botanist  too,  for  yonder  red-brick  manor 
house,  set  round  with  noble  trees,  was  the  pro- 
perty of  Philip  Barker  Webb,  he  who  wrote 
the  Flora  of  the  Canaries,  was  the  friend 
and  collaborator  of  Sir  William  Hooker,  and 
who  left  his  valuable  library  and  herbarium  to 
the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany,  both  being  now 
preserved  at  Florence.  Amid  such  surroundings 
is  situate  the  nursery  of  Mr.  Maurice  Young — a 
nursery  principally  devoted  to  hardy  trees  and 
shrubs  of  all  descriptions— and,  in  so  far,  not 
very  ditTerent  from  hosts  of  similar  establish- 
ments up  and  down  the  country.  But  the 
visitor  interested  in  such  things  will  hardly  have 
set  foot  in  the  grounds  before  the  impression 
will  be  forced  upon  him,  that  this  is  no  ordi- 
nary collection  of  trees  and  shrubs,  but  that 
taste  and  intelligence  have  been  markedly 
called  into  play  in  getting  together  so  interest- 
ing a  collection  of  choice  things.  There  is  an 
individuality  about  these  matters  which  shows 
itself  in  contrast  to  the  mechanical  uni- 
formity one  sees  in  cases  where  there  is  little  or 
no  feeling  experienced  for  the  plants  beyond  that 
attaching  to  their  money  value.  The  truth  is 
that  these  nurseries  are  not  merely  stores,  but 
answer  the  same  purpose  that  sketches  do  to 
an  artist.  An  artist  must  have  his  colours  and 
his  brushes  no  doubt,  but  he  will  set  even 
greater  store  upon  the  sketches  by  whose  aid 
he  will  develops  his  picture.  So  in  the  case 
before  us,  it  is  easy  to  see  that  the  trees  and 
shrubs  have  been  selected  with  a  view  to  land- 
scape effect — this  for  its  form  and  habit,  that 
for  its  size,  that  for  its  colour,  whether  of  flower 
or  foliage,  and  so  on.  These  are  the  materials 
which  Mr.   Young,  in  his  quility  of  landscape 


486 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  1886. 


gardener,  so  well  knows  how  to  utilise.  They 
form  the  foreground  of  the  nursery,  while  away 
in  the  background  are  the  serried  ranks  of  forest 
trees  for  those  whose  requirements  are  more 
utilitarian.  What  a  pleasant  thing  it  is  to  fall  in 
with  the  proprietor  of  such  an  establishment, 
and  when  he  acts  as  cicerone,  unfolding  as  he 
goes  along  a  mass  of  interesting  detail,  the 
result  of  long  years  of  observation,  there  is  for 
the  plant-lover  no  greater  pleasure  ;  at  every 
turn  some  fresh  object  of  interest  is  unfolded, 
at  every  moment  some  old  fact  put  in  a  new 
light.  When  some  time  has  been  spent  in  this 
pleasant  occupation,  and  the  attempt  is  made 
to  recall  the  scene  and  the  conversation,  a  diffi- 
culty is  experienced  in  knowing  where  to  begin, 
and  as  recollections  pour  in  there  is  an  equal 
difficulty  in  knowing  how  to  arrange  and 
methodise  the  detail.  The  problem  how  and 
when  to  end,  which  would  otherwise  be  difficult, 
finds  its  solution  here  in  the  exigencies  of  time 
and  space. 

If  we  had  to  pick  out  the  most  brilliant  feature  of 
these  nurseries  we  need  not  long  hesitate.  Young's 
Golden  Juniper,  a  sport  from  the  Chinese  Juniper, 
must  undoubtedly  take  precedence  as  one  of  the  very 
finest,  if  not  the  finest  golden  Conifer.  Here  the 
coloration  is  magnificent,  superior  even  to  that  of  the 
best  golden  Lawson's  Cypress.  The  clear  golden- 
yellow  pervades  the  whole  plant,  and  is  apparent 
on  the  spreading,  as  well  as  on  the  appressed  leaves. 
The  shrub  assumes  a  conical  or  flame-shaped  (orm, 
and  the  lines  of  these  golden  spires  suggest  the  gilded 
magnificence  of  a  Burmese  or  Siamese  temple.  By 
the  roadside  is  the  parent  tree  whence  all  this  mag- 
nificence has  sprung.  The  tree  is  ol  considerable  age, 
the  lower  part  green,  the  top  refulgent  gold.  Cut- 
tings from  this  are  grafted  on  to  the  red  Cedar  (which, 
by  the  way,  is  no  Cedar,  but  a  true  Juniper,  else  it 
would  not  graft  so  freely),  and  thus  a  supply  is  per- 
petuated. Another  handsome  plant  o(  its  class  is 
Fisher's  upright  golden  Yew,  while  among  the  silver 
tinted  forms  are  such  beautiful  forms  as  the  coerulea 
variety  or  the  Fraser's  form  of  the  Lawson  Cypress, 
the  lovely  Juniperus  Shepherdi,  the  glaucous  form  of 
Abies  nobilis,  the  blue  Spruce,  Picea  pungens  glauca 
{the  Parryana  glauca  of  gardens),  and  many  others. 
These  variegated  forms  are,  in  some  cases,  less 
robust  than  the  green  ones,  but  by  no  means  always 
so.  Where.the  golden  or  silvery  hue  depends  upon  the 
absence  of  leaf-green  (chlorophyll),  there,  of  course, 
the  plant  may  be  expected  to  be  relatively  weak,  and 
this  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  cuttings  strike  with 
difficulty,  and  grafting  is  preferred  where  these  plants 
are  to  be  perpetuated.  But  when  the  silvery  hue  is 
due  not  to  the  absence  of  chlorophyll  but  to  the  pre- 
sence of  a  layer  of  "  bloom  "  on  the  surface,  the  vigour 
seems  to  be  rather  greater  than  otherwise.  And  this 
leads  us  to  note  that  a  remark  made  by  one  of  our 
correspondents  to  the  effect  that  yellow-berried  Hollies 
do  not  come  true  from  seed,  is  by  no  means  borne  out 
in  this  establishment,  nor,  indeed,  is  there  any  reason 
why  they  should  not,  as  the  yellow  colour  in  this  case 
can  hardly  be  considered  as  any  sign  of  weakness,  or 
at  least  of  any  such  degree  of  debility  that  would  affect 
growth. 

Adverting  to  other  matters  we  come  now  upon  a 
specimen  of  Pinus  Bolanderi  in  cone.  The  plant  is 
noteworthy  for  the  delicacy  of  its  deep  green  foliage, 
which  renders  it  one  of  the  most  compact  and 
desirable  of  the  smaller  Pines.  Professor  Sargent 
refers  this  to  Pinus  contorta,  and  an  inspection  of 
the  cones  serves  to  confirm  this  view,  although  the 
leaves  are  shorter  and  narrower  and  more  delicate 
than  in  that  species.  In  Veitch's  Manual  P.  Bolan- 
deri is  considered  as  a  form  of  P.  muiicata,  but  face 
to  face  with  the  cone-bearing  plant  at  Milford  it  is 
impossible  to  come  to  any  other  conclusion  than  that 
its  aflinities  are  with  P.  contorta  rather  than  with  P. 
muricata. 

Larix  leptolepis,  the  Japanese  Larch,  should  be 
planted  for  the  elegance  of  its  habit,  the  rapidity  of 
its  growth,  and  the  pretty  puce-coloured  tint  of  the 
young  shoots,  which  contrasts  with  the  glaucous  green 
of  the  leaves.  A  form  of  Taxodium  distichum,  with 
slender  pendulous  branches,  as  it  were,  leaping  from 
curve  to  curve  like  a  cataract  arrested  in  its  course, 
is  very  striking. 

Prumnopitys  elegans  is  a  very  desirable  shrub,  with 
slender  erect  branches  and  narrow  leaves,  deep  green 


above,  silvery  beneath.  It  is  suggestive  of  the  Yew, 
but  its  habit  is  lighter  and  less  funereal. 

Athrotaxis  constitutes  a  genus  of  Tasmanian  Conifers 
of  low  stature  and  very  distinct  habit.  The  leaves 
are  something  like  those  of  Thuiopsis  dolabrata,  but 
not  flattened,  and  moreover  they  are  arranged  in 
spires.  A.  laxifolia  (grown  as  A.  Doniana)  was  here 
in  cone,  and  is  clearly  of  the  same  species  (laxifolia) 
as  that  figured  in  these  columns  some  time  since  from 
Menabilly. 

Retinosporas  of  all  kinds  and  descriptions  are  to  be 
found  here — two  deserve  special  mention  ;  in  the  one 
case  a  plant  of  Retinospora  plumosa  aurea  had  gone 
back  to  R.  pisifera.  Retinospora  has  no  claims  to 
form  a  genus,  for  the  forms  are  all  stages  of  growth  of 
Thuias  or  Junipers,  and  those  which  have  some  fixity 
of  character  about  them,  such  as  pisifera  and  obtusa, 
are  rather  Cypresses  than  members  of  a  distinct 
genus,  but  on  this  point  we  cannot  expect  people 
to  agree. 

Tsuga  Sieboldi,  the  Japanese  Hemlock  Spruce,  is  so 
handsome  that  we  wonder  it  is  not  more  often  planted. 
It  is  of  bushy  habit,  and  the  dark  shining  green 
foliage  is  bolder  in  character  than  that  of  the  common 
Hemlock.  Other  Japanese  Conifers  here  seem  in  good 
form,  are  the  sturdy  Picea  polita ;  Picea  njanen- 
sis,  in  which  the  silvery  under-surface  of  the 
leaves  is  so  very  beautiful,  and  forms  so  brilli- 
ant a  contrast  to  the  purple  calkins  in  spring.  It  is 
frequently  called  P.  Alcockiana,  and,  indeed,  is  one 
of  two  things  accidentally  sent  out  under  the  same 
name.  The  true  Alcockiana,  or  that  to  which  the 
name  is  now  restricted,  does  not  seem  to  do  well  in 
this  country;  wherever  we  have  seen  it  it  has  had  a 
scraggy  aspect,  and  shows  a  precocious  tendency  to 
form  cones — a  sign  that  is  not  a  welcome  one  to  the 
tree-lover,  as  it  generally  indicates  debility. 

Young's  Cypress. 

Closely  allied  to  the  Lawson  Cypress,  and  perhaps  a 
seedling  variety  of  that  very  protean  species,  is  a  form 
which  amply  deserves  recognition  as  Young's  Cypress. 
The  general  form  is  that  of  Liwsoniaoa,  but  the  habit 
is  more  robust,  the  leaves  are  considerably  larger  and 
of  a  very  rich  deep  emerald  green  colour.  The  old 
wood  is  reddish-brown  ;  the  lateral  branches  or  shoots 
are  elongate  ascending,  flattened  from  side  to  side  or 
variously  curved  like  the  blades  of  an  Archimedian 
screw-propeller,  bi-pinnately  divided,  and  the  ultimate 
divisions  as  in  C.  Lawsoniana,  branched  only  on  the 
distal  side  or  the  side  furthest  from  the  root.  The 
leader  shoots  show  a  tendency  to  bend  over  at  the 
top  like  those  of  the  Lawson  Cypress.  The  chief 
features  are  the  robust  habit  and  rapid  growth — points 
which  will  render  this  form  valuable,  not  only  for 
ornamental  purposes,  but  also  for  screens  and  hedges. 

A  fine  symmetrically  grown  Wellingtonia,  planted 
as  a  i-year-old  seedling  in  1S53.  has  now  a  girth  of 
9  feet  at  3  feet  from  the  soil.  The  lower  branches 
have  been  removed  to  show  the  trunk— a  procedure 
which  has,  perhaps,  rather  increased  the  already 
over-formal  outline  of  the  tree,  but  one  which  may  be 
remedied  in  course  of  time,  as  the  branches  lengthen 
and  again  sweep  the  ground.  What  a  contrast  in 
form  these  pyramids  of  minute  needle-like  leaves 
make  with  the  great  standard  Scarapston  Elms,  with 
their  dome-shaped  heads  and  noble  foliage — here,  as 
it  seemed  to  us,  bolder  than  usual.  If  the  Scampston 
is  a  giant  among  Elms,  it  has  its  counterpart  in  a 
little  dwarf  fellow,  a  form  of  campestris  of  similar 
habit  to  the  Scampston,  but  fit  to  play  dwarf  to  its 
giant.  Close  by  is  a  magnificent  Oak,  just  past  its 
prime,  perhaps,  but  so  stately  that,  after  all,  we  need 
not  envy  California  her  Wellingtonias,  nor  Australia 
her  Eucalypts,  in  spite  of  their  greater  stature.  The 
tree  has  an  even,  symmetrical  bole,  girthing  some  iS 
feet  at  5  feet  from  the  ground.  This  Oak  is  by  no 
means  tfie  only  fine  tree  on  these  grounds — there  are 
groups  of  Latch  and  noble  Beeches,  American  Limes, 
a  fine  specimen  of  the  Laurel-leaved  Oak,  Q.  laurifolia, 
and  many  others. 

After  looking  at  these  monarchs,  and  seeing  what 
this  part  of  Surrey  can  do  in  the  manufacture  of 
timber,  it  comes  as  a  sudden  surprise  to  see  a  fine 
plant  of  Chamoerops  Fortunei.  so  different  does  it  look 
from  anything  British  ;  but  there  it  is,  and  in  fl  iwer, 
too  ;  and  there  it  has  been  out-of-doors  for  the  last 
seven  years.  Damp  and  wet  settling  in  the  crown 
would  probably  injure  it  more  than  frost,  but  a 
canopy  ol  mats  adjusted  over  the  head  by  means  of 
stakes  obviates  this  danger.  A  great  tuft  of  Bambusa 
Metake  hard  by  somehow  does  not  seem  so  surpris- 
ing ;   the  leaves  are  of  less  unfamiliar  form,  and  they 


look  so  hard  and  dry  that  one  is  not  astonished  to 
hear  that  it  is  quite  hardy  here.  But  what  acquis!, 
tions  are  these  to  our  gardens — what  possibilities 
they  aff-jrd  to  the  landscape  gardener  I 

Among  the  host  of  Ivies  to  be  seen  here,  two  in 
particular  struck  us.  Of  these  one  was  called 
*' canariensis  azorica  " — whether  it  has  really  anything 
to  do  either  with  the  Canaries  or  the  Azores  is,  we 
think,  open  to  doubt.  At  any  rale,  it  combines 
rapidity  and  freedom  of  growth  with  an  absence  of 
rankness  ;  the  leaves  are  on  long  stalks,  lobed  as  in 
the  Irish  Ivy,  but  less  coarse.  The  other  is  a  "  little 
droll,"  just  the  thing  for  a  small  rockwork.  It  is 
known  as  the  *'  Milford  Dwarf,"  and  is  in  the  way  of 
the  one  called  conglomerata,  but  very  much  smaller. 
It  forms  little  bushes  a  span  high,  with  tortuous  erect 
branches  and  small, short-stalked  lobed  leaves,  densely 
crowded  in  two  ranks.  What  a  study  the  Ivy  is  for 
those  who  are  interested  in  the  subject  of  variation  ! 
What  a  contrast  between  this  delightful  looking 
pigmy — a  specialty  of  the  Milford  Nurseries — and 
the  rampant,  huge-leaved  Hedera  Rcegneriana,  for 
instance  ! 

For  those  who  like  to  see  "how  it's  all  done," 
these  nurseries,  with  their  hosts  of  seed-beds  occupied 
with  thousands  of  little  Conifers  and  Rhododendrons, 
their  frames  crammed  with  grafts  of  all  descriptions, 
their  "cloches,"  their  pits — all  given  up  to  the  work 
of  propagation— offer  gieal  attraction.  It  would  lead 
us  too  far  to  go  into  these  matters,  a  visit,  moreover, 
is  the  most  satisfactory  way  of  obtaining  information. 
Lest  we  should  be  accused,  however,  of  ignoring 
other  departments,  we  may  as  well  say  that  although 
we  have  picked  out  from  our  notes  certain  specialties, 
it  must  not  be  thought  that  trees  and  shrubs  consti- 
tute the  only  features  of  this  nursery  ;  on  the  con- 
trary, save  and  except  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
there  is  not  much  in  the  plant  way  that  is 
not  here  represented,  and  just  as  illustrations  of 
this  catholicity  we  may,  in  conclusion,  note  a 
perpetual  flowering  while  Antirrhinum,  a  plant 
of  good  dwarf  habit  adapted  for  bedding  and 
excellent  for  cutiing  purposes.  Our  other  illus- 
tration shall  be  from  the  kitchen  garden.  Walker's 
Perpetual  Bearer  Pea,  a  dwarf  variety,  sown  on 
April  7,  was  here  at  the  beginning  of  October  laden 
with  pods,  flowers,  and  flower-buds,  promising, 
would  the  weather  only  permit,  a  continuous  supply 
of  green  Peas.  Here  is  a  variety  that  ought  to  suit 
the  Channel  Islands  or  other  locality  with  a  mild 
winter  climate.  Another  character  very  marked  by 
contrast  with  adjacent  rows  of  other  varieties,  was 
its  freedom  from  mildew.  l'"rom  landscape  gardening 
to  green  Peas  is  a  comprehensive  stretch,  nevertheless 
from  what  has  been  said  it  may  be  gleaned  that  here 
at  Milford,  while  the  two  extremes  are  good,  what 
comes  between  is  in  its  varied  way  good  also.  The 
RambUr. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  HARRYANUM,  n.  sp* 
This  is  a  grand  and  most  unexpected  surprise. 
The  plant  may  well  be  compared  with  Odontoglossum 
luteo-purpureum  and  O.  tripudians.  But  the  flowers? 
Ah  !  they  are  novel,  quite  tovel,  though  for  a 
moment  you  might  think  of  those  of  Miltonia  Candida 
— for   a  moment  only — to  do  so  longer  would  be  a 

mistake.  The  dimensions  of  the  bulbs  and  flowers 
are  those  of  a  good  Odontoglossum  luteo-purpureum. 
The  flowers  are  in  a  raceme — "Of  how  many  flowers?'' 
you  ask  :  who  knows?  I  saw  three,  but  the  raceme 
was  cut,  so  that  you  may  as  well  dream  of  five,  of  six, 

or,  if  you  pre'er,  of  a  dozen.  The  plant  Icoked  as 
undeveloped  as  possible.  Sepals  rather  broad,  ligulate, 
oblong  acute,  undulate,  brown  with  some  hierogli- 
phical  transverse  greenish-yellow  lines,  which  later  on 
become  intensely  yellow,  the  whole  surface  is  nearly 
green.  The  petals  projecting  straight  forward,  are 
a  little  narrower,  undulate,  with  yellow  recurved 
points,  which  is  quite  characteristic.  They  are  brown 
in  the  middle,  and  have  numerous  mauve  blotches 
and  spots  at  the  ba:e  on  a  while  ground.     The  lip 

*  Oiioitio^l.7ss!iin  Harryannjn,  n.  sp.  —  Pseudjbulbis  pyri- 
formi  c  .inpressis  demum  medio  long  tudinaliter  costatis 
diphyllis;  foliis  cuneato  oblongo-ligulatis  obtusaris  pcrgatneneis ; 
racemo  paucifloro  (?J  ;  br.icteis  obtongis  .icutis,  ovariis  pedicel- 
latis  mulloiies  brevioribus;  sepalis  tepalisque  Ijgulatis  obtuse 
acutis  undulatis.  labello  ab  ungue  lUrinque  angulato  late  sub- 
cordate,  pandurato  apice  abrupto  longe  acuminato  nmnuio  con- 
voluto,  carinis  serrato-laceris  septenis — novenis  ante  basin  ; 
columna  trigona  medio  angulata,  alis  subevanidis  apice  minut  e 
prorainulis,  callo  quadrato  de  fovea  breviter  descendente.  Exc. 
Harry  Veitch  di'catum.  Patria  nobis  (?)  nola  ;  Royal  Exotic 
Nursery,  Chclionicnsis.  H.  G.  Rclib.  f. 


October  i6,  i886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


487 


is  rather  similar  in  colour.  The  basilar  part  of  the 
stalk  is  yellowish,  the  median  broader  part  is  bor- 
dered with  mauve,  and  marlted  with  numerous 
miuve  lines  in  /rent  of  the  area,  the  crests  being  of 
the  same  colour.  The  crests  themselves  are  seven  to 
nine  in  number,  serrulate  and  yellow.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  lip  is  oblong,  with  an  acute  apex,  white 
in  the  newly  expanded  flower,  turning  to  yellow. 

The  outline  of  the  lip  is  quite  extraordinary.  It 
consists  of  a  narrow  basilar  part,  angled  on  each  side  ; 
the  blade  being  broad,  sub-cordate,  fiddle-shaped, 
abrupt  at  the  apex,  and  prolonged  into  a  long  point. 
The  column  is  angular  in  the  middle,  with  a  square 
projection  under  the  fovea,  white  at  the  base,  yellow 
at  the  top,  finally  yellow  throughout.  On  each  side 
of  the  column  is  a  very  small  toothed  wing. 

This  plant  was  imported  by  Messrs.  Horsman  & 
Co.,  of  Colchester,  from  whom  the  stock  has  been 
acquired  by  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons.  It  is  a  fresh 
type,  and  a  very  fine  thing  too.  I  have  great  satis- 
faction in  dedicating  it  to  Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  as  amid 
those  numerous  novelties  I  have  obtained  during  the 
last  twenty  years  from  four  members  of  this  excellent 
firm,  this  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable.  H.  G.  Rchb  f. 

Dendroeium  hercoglossum,  «.  ip* 
This  lovely  novelty  is  in  the  way  of  Dendrobium 
aduncum  Lindt.,  a  well  known  plant,  and  Den- 
drobium Linguella,  Rchb.  f.,  a  monopoly  of  Messrs. 
J.  Veitch  &  Sons.  It  has  a  thin  stem  like  those 
plants,  scarcely  exceeding  a  foot  in  length,  furrowed, 
bent,  bearing  several  lateral  racemes  at  the  top.  The 
flowers  are  comparable  to  those  of  Dendrobium 
aduncum,  but  the  chin  is  more  oblique,  the  amethyst 
sepals  and  the  petals  more  acuminate,  the  lip  dis- 
tinctly divided  into  a  cupular  hypochile  with  warts  on 
the  inside,  and  separated  by  a  fimbriated  keel  from  the 
ovate  aristate  epichile,  white,  apex  amethyst. 
Column  light  green,  with  two  lateral  broad  falcate 
retrorse  side  lacinia;  close  to  the  dark  purple  anther. 
Lip  comparable  to  that  of  Cephalantheia  rubra. 

I  have  to  thank  Mr.  F.  Sander  for  this  lovtly  thing. 
He  showed  me  the  plant  covered  with  tiowers.  It 
was  discovered  by  Mr,  Forsterman  in  Malacca.  H, 
G.  KM.  f. 


A  VALUABLE  SUGGESTION. 

"From  four  millions  to  five  millions  of  souls  go  tj 
rest  in  the  city  of  London  every  night.  This  is  equal 
to  the  entire  population  of  Ireland.  It  takes  an 
enormous  quantity  of  food  to  supply  such  a  teeming 
mass  with  green  vegetables,  and  more  particularly 
after  a  severe  winter.  Naturally  they  have  to  look 
South  for  early  supplies,  and  the  top  prices  with  the 
*  first  run  '  of  Covent  Garden  Market  have  been  main- 
tained for  years  by  Channel  Islanders  and  Cornish  men. 
For  the  last  ten  years  the  Scilly  Islanders,  with  the 
aid  of  their  esteemed  landlord,  have  been  competitors. 
When  I  read  of  2^.  6<l  per  pound  for  early  Tomatos,  and 
is.  to  Is.  61/.  per  pound  for  early  Potatos,  or  from  ^150 
to  ;^20o  per  acre,  it  may  be  asked  with  much  force 
what  the  Cornwall  of  the  county  Cork,  with  its 
splendid  climate,  is  doing  in  this  direction  ?  We 
should  be  up  and  doing,  not  of  necessity  for  the  Lon- 
don markets,  but  for  our  own  Irish  capital  and 
Belfast,  with  all  the  northern  counties  of  England, 
including  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh.  Glengarriff  and 
Crookhaven  are  two  degrees  more  advanced  in  spring 
than  we  Cork  folks  are,  and  four  degrees  more 
so  than  Dublin  ;  six  or  eight  degrees  difference  with 
the  country  over  the  Tweed.  If  climate  favours  the 
Cornish  men,  so  thatlthey  now  have  the  'monopoly  ' 
of  Covent  Girden  Market,  we  have  been  simply 
asleep  for  years  in  not  developing  our  railway  com- 
munication, and  setting  the  thing  going.  Now  that 
we  have  railways  and  tramways,  let  us  put  on  a  bold 
face,  and  ask  the  Government  for  State  assistance  in 
the  way  of  model  schools  of  education — large  self- 
supporting  market  gardens,  with  plenty  of  glass  con- 
struclions  that  will  help  us  to  be  educated  in  all  the 
detail  from  Potatos  to  Grapes  and  Pine-apples.  The 
peasantry  know  nothing  about  it,    the  state  of   the 


*  Dcttdrobiujn  ftercc,^/ossi<ttt,Ti.  zp. — Aft".  Dendrobio  adunco, 
Lindl.,  ac  Liiigueliai,  Rchb.  f.  :  caulibus  teretiusculis  sulcatis, 
apicem  versus  statu  defoliato  racemiferU ;  foliis  .  .  .  .  ;  racemis 
paucifloris  ;  mento  obliquo  nee  rectangulo  ;  sepalis  'triangulis 
acuminatis  :  tepali^  fblongis  acuminatis,  labelli  trifidi  Inciniis 
lateralibus  seini-oblongis  hypochilium  semiglobosum  efficict;- 
tibus,  ifitus  callis  ininutis  asjseruin,  carina  margiiii  siiperiori 
ciliolata  supradiscum  ac  margmem  anticam  lacin  arnm  [atera- 
epichilio  ovaio  aristato  ;    columna  utrinque  breviter  ac 


landlord  is  too  uncertain,  private  companies  will 
not  do  it,  the  Government  can,  with  the  schools 
mentioned,  and  let  them  have  Channel  Islanders  and 
Cornishmen  as  instructors.  I  should  say,  one  concern 
at  Clonakilty  and  the  other  near  Bantry.  We  need 
not  fear  frost  near  the  sea  for  early  Potatos  and 
flowers.  Screens  and  hedges  of  Escallonia  macrantha 
will  ward  otT  any  amount  of  sea-breeze.  All  sorts  of 
soft-wooded  plants  live  out  all  winter  at  the  Eccles 
Hotel  Gardens,  Glengarriff'.  Ten  years  ago  this  land 
fed  nothing  larger  than  a  snipe,  but  since  Mr.  Preston 
White  reclaimed  and  brought  it  into  cultivation  it  is 
producing  some  of  the  finest  vegetables  in  the 
kingdom  : — 

'  The  reproach  of  barrenness  is  past, 
The  fertile  field  laughs  with  abundance.' 

In  ten  or  twenty  years  what  a  change  would  be  made 
among  the  peasantry,  when  they  could  work  their 
own  'warm  nooks'  and  districts,  and  be  happy  and 
contented.  ^50,000  would  be  well  spent  in  this 
direction.  The  coral  sand  of  Bantry  Bay  (the  supply 
of  which  is  inexhaustible)  ought  to  be  brought  into 
the  interior  of  the  country  by  the  railway  at  mineral 
rates,  as  it  is  an  invaluable  manure." 

The  above  article,  by  Mr.  W.  Baylor  Hartland,  of 
Cork,  appeared  in  the  HottictiUural  Times.  Mr. 
Hartland  writes  to  us  :^ 

"  Since  writing  the  above  I  have  been  reading 
what  Mr.  Buddy,  the  working  carpenter  of  1876,  has 
been  up  and  doing  with  10  acres  of  a  reclaimed  bog 
at  Land's  End,  Cornwall,  and  how  last  week  he  sent 
a  consignment  of  delicious  Grapes  to  Her  Majesty  as  a 
presentation,  getting  the  royal  thanks  and  congratula- 
tions. Mr.  Boddy  has  become,  within  ten  years, 
one  of  the  most  successful  market  growers  in  Corn- 
wall ;  and  what  was  ten  years  since  a  bog  or  waste  is 
now  a  garden  with  extensive  glass  constructions. 
Surely  the  new  Irish  Commissioners  could  recommend 
the  grant  asked  for  in  my  letter,  and  let  us  be  up  and 
doinj,  making  as  much  in  early  spring  with  our  pro- 
duce as  would  recoup  us  for  the  whole  year's  expen- 
diture. We  have  the  climate  and  the  railways.  Louk 
at  the  advantage  it  would  be  to  the  West  Cork  Rail- 
way. They  should  meet  the  enterprise  with  cheap 
through  freights  to  Glasgow  and  the  North  of  Scot- 
land, with  Belfast  and  Dublin." 


laic  falcata.     Malacca.  H.  G.  Rclii./. 


ROOTS. 

iContinttcd  frovi  p.  457.) 

A  THIRD  case  is  conceivable — so  much  water  might 
be  supposed  to  find  its  way  in  that  no  air  remained  in 
the  interspaces  between  the  particles  of  soil.  Now  it 
is  true  that  such  a  state  of  affairs  is  not  readily  brought 
about  in  a  normal  soil  ;  but  I  may  indicate  how  the 
result  is  occasionally  attained  to  a  great  extent.  Sup- 
pose that  a  layer  of  clay  or  other  impenetrable  subsoil 
lies  beneath  the  soil  in  que5tion  ;  then  if  water  oozes 
into  the  soil  in  larger  quantities  than  can  be  got  lid  of 
in.  the  time,  it  is  possible  for  nearly  all  the  air  to  be 
displaced.  Of  course  the  object  of  good  drainage  is 
to  prevent  this  ;  and  it  is  ofien  overlooked  that  drain- 
age from  below  has  the  effect  of  drawing  in  air  as  well 
as  of  running  off  superfluous  water — air  is  driven  into 
the  spaces  as  the  water  leaves  them. 

In  speaking  of  the  "bubbles  of  air  "  entangled  in 
the  interspaces  between  the  particles  of  soil,  each 
with  its  water-blanket,  I  have  overlooked  some  details 
as  to  what  the  bubbles  really  are.  As  a  matter  of 
fact  they  will  not  remain  of  the  same  composition  as 
ordinary  air,  and  may  soon  differ  considerably  ;  be- 
sides the  vapour  of  water,  they  may  contain  gases  in 
quite  different  proportions  from  those  in  the  air  out- 
side. In  the  type  case,  however,  there  will  be  some 
oxygen  present  in  the  bubbles. 

Root-hairs. 
It  is  not  intended  here  to  go  very  fully  into  a 
description  of  the  roots  of  land-plants  ;  enough  if  you 
are  reminded  how  the  smaller  ramifications  of  a  root 
are  found  to  be  more  numerous  and  thinner  as  we 
approach  the  periphery  of  the  mass  of  earth  which 
they  traverse.  From  the  youngest  rootlets  are  pro- 
duced the  root-hairs,  in  enormous  quantities,  new 
ones  arising  forwards— Ac-.,  near  the  tip  of  the  rootlet 
— as  the  rootlet  grows  on,  and  those  behind  dying  off 
after  fulfilling  their  functions.  These  functions  are 
chiefly  to  apply  themselves  in  the  closest  manner  to 
the  suifaces  of  the  particles  of  soil,  and  in  this  way  to 
place  the  water  which  they  contain  in  direct  continuity 


with  the  water  which  clings  with  such  enormous  force 
to  the  surfaces  of  the  panicles.  Hence  this  water  can 
pass  (rom  the  soil  to  the  plant,  and  anything  dissolved 
in  the  water  c:  a  also  pass  into  the  root-hair,  and 
thus  up  into  the  plant. 

I  am  not  going  to  dwell  on  how  the  root-hairs 
themselves  aid  in  dissolving  mineral  substances — 
corroding  the  surfaces  of  the  particles  of  soil  they 
cling  to — nor  shall  I  trouble  you  with  the  details  of 
what  substances  will  be  dissolved  in  the  water  ;  for, 
of  course,  you  will  see  that  anything  soluble  will 
pass  into  solution  and  may  be  carried  into  the 
plant. 

The  chief  point  to  be  insisted  on  just  now  is  that 
this  water  in  the  soil  will  contain  among  other  sub- 
stances oxygen  dissolved  in  it  from  the  air-bubbles 
referred  to  above,  and  that  this  dissolved  oxygen  will 
pass  into  the  root-hairs  in  solution  together  with  the 
minerals  and  any  other  substances.  This  oxygen, 
moreover,  is  absolutely  indispensable  for  the  life  of  the 
root-hairs  ;  it  can  be  easily  shown  that  if  the  supply 
of  oxygen  is  stopped,  or  even  diminished  to  any  con- 
siderable extent,  the  roots  begin  to  die,  because  the 
root-hairs  cease  to  act. 

Let  us  look  a  little  more  closely  into  this  point. 
Each  root-hair  is  a  tiny  cell  containing  living  proto- 
plasm and  certain  other  substances,  all  inclosed  in  a 
thin,  elastic,  porous  membrane.  Now  it  has  been 
abundantly  proved  that  if  such  a  cell  is  deprived  of 
oxygen,  its  protoplasm  becomes  dormant  for  a  time, 
and  slowly  breaks  up,  as  it  were  ;  subsequently  it 
becomes  decomposed  into  other  and  simpler  ma- 
terials. A  sort  of  internal  combustion  and  fermenta- 
tion take  place,  and  these  processes  result  in  the 
formation  and  liberation  of  bodies  like  carbon- 
dioxide,  alcohol,  acetic  acid,  and  other  acid  matters 
— substances  in  the  main  not  only  incapable  of  sup- 
porting the  life  of  the  root-hairs,  but  actually  destruc- 
tive of  it. 

Evidently,  then,  if  we  deprive  all  the  root-hairs  of 
oxygen,  they  will  eventually  die.  Their  dtah  will 
entail  that  of  the  rootlets  and  roots  to  which  they 
belong,  and  this  for  two  obvious  reasons — first,  it  is 
the  root-hairs  and  the  root-hairs  alone  which  can 
absorb  the  necessary  water  and  sub.^;ances  in  solution 
from  the  soil  to  supply  such  a  plant  as  we  are  con- 
cerned with  ;  and,  seconcly,  the  noxious  products 
resulting  from  their  death  accumulate  in  the  soil  and 
diffuse  into  the  root,  and  so  hauen  similar  decompo- 
sitions in  what  were  hitherto  healthy  cells. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  these  disastrous  con- 
sequences of  the  deprivation  of  oxygen  always  follow 
immediately.  Not  only  are  the  roots  of  some  trees, 
for  instance,  able  to  withstand  ill-'.reatment  longer 
than  others,  but,  obviously,  the  kind  and  degree  of 
ill-treatment  may  affect  the  problem  of  how  long  the 
plant  shall  survive.  The  number  of  rootlets  and 
root-hairs,  and  the  spread  of  the  roots  and  other 
factors,  will  obviously  affect  the  matter. 

Suppose  the  following  ca^e  as  an  example.  A 
young  tree  is  growing  and  flourishing  in  an  open, 
good  soil,  and,  for  some  reason  or  other,  more  soil  is 
heaped  about  the  roots  until  the  depth  is  increased 
considerably  :  the  deeper  situation  has  placed  obstacles 
in  the  way  of  the  roots  obtaining  oxygen  so  readily  as 
before.  Not  only  are  the  roots  further  from  the 
atmosphere,  but  the  water  carried  down  has  to  perco- 
late through  more  soil,  and  may  part  with  much  of 
its  oxygen  (or  even  all)  on  the  way  :  of  course  the 
nature  of  the  soil,  the  presence  of  organic  matters, 
and  olher  circumstances,  decide  this.  It  is  not  at  alt 
difficult  to  conceive  of  such  a  case  where  the  supply 
of  oxygen  to  the  roots  is  thus~dimiaished  so  far  that 
the  activity  of  the  root-hairs  as  a  whole  is  simply 
lowered,  but  not  destroyed, — a  stage  or  two  further 
and  they  might  become  dormant,  and  their  protoplasm 
undergo  intra-molecular  respiration  for  a  time,  and 
break  up.  It  is  clear  that  the  diminished  activity  of 
the  roots  will  affect  the  supply  of  wacer  (and  the 
substances  dissolved  in  it)  to  the  leaves  :  this  will 
obviously  react  on  the  thickness  of  the  annual  rings, 
and  this  again  on  future  supplies — since  the  water 
passes  up  the  alburnum,  or  young  outer  layers  of 
woody  tissue.  Moreover,  a  diminution  of  supplies 
from  the  leaves  means  less  substance  and  power  for 
replacing  the  root-hairs,  and  so  on.  In  this  way  it 
may  require  some  time  to  kill  the  tree,  and  all  kinds 
of  complications  may  arise  meanwhile.  Thi^  case  is 
probably  by  no  means  uncommon. 

A  more  extreme  case  is  where  the  soil  becomes 
damp  and  clogged  with  excessive  moisture  ;  not  only 
does  no  oxygen  reach  the  roots,  but  noxious  gases 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  i8 


accumulate  in  solution  in  the  soil,  and  will  hurry 
matters  by  poisoning  cells  which  might  otherwise  live 
a  longer  life  of  usefulness.  It  is  extremely  probable 
that  such  gases  find  their  way  into  higher  parts  of  the 
plant  in  the  air-bubbles  known  to  exist  and  to  undergo 
alterations  of  pressure  in  the  vessels  of  the  wood  : 
this  being  so,  they  would  slowly  retard  the  action  of 
other  living  cells,  and  so  affect  the  upper  parts  of  the 
plant  even  more  rapidly  than  would  otherwise  be  the 
case.  Damp  soil  may  thus  do  injury  according  to  its 
depth  and  nature  ;  but  it  need  not  necessarily  be  deep 
to  be  injurious  if  much  oxygen-consuming  substance 
is  present.  I  have  seen  excellent  soil  converted  into 
damp,  stinking,  deadly  stuff,  from  the  action  and 
accumulation  of  the  larvae  of  cockchafers  :  these 
"grubs  "may,  it  is  true,  accelerate  the  devastation 
caused  by  the  consumption  of  oxygen  and  the  accu- 
mulation of  poisonous  waste  matters  in  the  soil  by 
directly  cutting  off  portions  of  the  roots  themselves, 
but  the  accumulation  of  oxygen-consuming  substance, 
and  the  cutting  off  of  supplies  to  the  root-hairs  evi- 
dently plays  a  chief  part  in  the  destruction. 

There  is  another  matter  with  regard  to  damp  soils 
that  cannot  be  left  out  of  account.  I  have  already 
told  you  that  roots  which  are  developed  in  water,  or 
in  very  damp  sandy  soil — and  which  are  perfectly 
healthy — have  few  or  no  root-hairs  formed  on  their 
surfaces  :  whereas  it  may  be  readily  shown  that  the 
roots  of  the  same  plant  growing  in  a  well  aerated  open 
soil,  which  is  scarcely  moist  to  all  appearance,  will  be 
densely  covered  with  a  close  set  pile  of  hairs.  Indeed 
it  is  by  means  of  the  millions  of  root-hairs  on  its 
rootlets  that  a  Sunflower  or  a  Bean,  for  instance, 
obtains  the  enormous  quantities  of  water  necessary 
for  its  needs  from  soil  which,  to  our  rough  perception, 
seems  to  be  dry. 

I  cannot  here  go  into  all  the  proofs  that  such  a  soil 
is  by  no  means  so  dry  as  it  looks  ;  but  will  simply 
remind  you  of  what  was  said  above  as  to  the  enormous 
force  with  which  the  minute  particles  of  rock,  iSrc, 
which  form  "  soil "  retain  their  hold  on  the  thin  films 
of  water  which  constitute  what  have  been  termed 
their  water-blinkets.  This  is  certain,  that  a  healthy, 
well-rooted  plant  can  take  up  water  from  a  soil  which 
is  to  all  appearance  air-dry  ;  whereas  a  plant  which 
has  not  yet  had  time  to  develope  its  root-haiis  in  suffi- 
cient numbers  to  take  these  firmly  adherent  water-films 
from  numerous  particles  of  soil,  would  droop  and 
wither. 

Of  course  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  we  are 
speaking  of  land-plants  such  as  we  commonly  meet 
with  on  ordinary  dry  land  ;  in  the  case  of  plants 
which  flourish  in  bogs  or  in  water  there  are  corre- 
sponding differences  in  the  structures  of  their  roots 
agreeing  with  the  differences  of  environment.  Even 
such  plants  need  air  at  their  roots,  and  an  excellent 
illustration  of  this  is  afforded  by  some  Willows.  Our 
common  Oiier  and  Willows  grow,  as  you  are  aware, 
in  low-lying,  damp,  and  even  boggy  places,  often 
flooded  ;  now,  it  has  been  found  that,  if  young 
Willows  are  planted  too  deep  in  the  soil,  they  very 
soon  send  out  new  roots — adventitious  roots  they  are 
often  called — close  to  the  surface  of  the  soil,  and 
these  roots  soon  do  all  the  work.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  this  power  enables  these  Willows  to  live  in  places 
that  would  be  fatal  to  them  otherwise  ;  and  the  same 
is  true  of  some  other  plants. 

Enough  has  now  been  said  to  show  you  how  neces- 
sary it  is  that  some  care  should  be  exercised  in 
watering  plants,  or  in  exposing  them  to  conditions 
different  from  those  to  which  they  are  accustomed  ; 
and,  it  need  scarcely  be  added,  apparently  mysterious 
diseases  may  sometimes  be  explained  when  it  is 
shown  that  such  precautions  have  been  neglected. 
Any  one  can  quote  instances  of  plants  which  will 
grow  in  some  soils  and  not  in  other?,  but  no  very 
satisfactory  reason  is  afforded  by  simply  saying  that 
the  one  soil  is  suitable  and  the  other  not :  however, 
all  I  have  attempted  to  show  you  is  that  some  soils 
are  not  suitable  for  some  plants  because  the  plants  in 
question  need  more  air  at  the  roots  than  these  par- 
ticular soils  can  afford  them  under  the  circumstances. 
H.  Marshall  Ward,  MA.,  F.L.S. 

[To  be  continued.) 


THE    SNOWY    MESPILUS. 

In  your  issue  of  May  22,  p.  656,  I  note  that  you 
call  attention  to  some  fine  examples  of  the  Snowy 
Mespilus  (Mespiius  canadensis,  A.  Michaux,  Flor. 
Bor.  Am.  ;  M.  arborea,  A.  Michaux,  Nlh.  Am.  Syl ) 
growing  in  the  Sydney  Gardens,  Bath.  You  do  not  give 
the  dimensions  of  these  trees,  but  I  question  whether 
there  are  any  finer  examples  than  a  couple  we  havegrow- 
ing  in  the  pleasure  grounds  here  (see  fig.  gS,  p.  489). 
I  measured  the  trunk  of  one  of  these  trees  the  other  day, 
at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and  found  its  girth  to  be  a 
trifle  over  4  feet.  This  tree  is  fully  30  feet  high,  if 
not  more,  and  nearly  the  same  in  diameter,  that 
is,  through  the  spread  of  its  branches,  and 
moreover  it  is  as  healthy  and  vigorous,  and  handsome 
in  shape,  as  it  is  possible  to  wish  for.  The  other  tree 
is  only  slightly  smaller.  It  is  conjectured  that  these 
trees  were  planted  here  upwards  of  150  years  ago  by 
the  then  occupier  of  this  estate,  who,  I  am  informed, 
was  in  some  way  connected  with  America,  hence  the 
existence  here  of  not  only  these  but  also,  on  the 
authority  of  Sir  William  Hooker,  a  pair  of  the  finest 
specimens  of  the  black  Hickory  (Juglans  nigra)  that 
are  to  be  met  with  in  England,  and,  until  a  year  ago, 
a  remarkably  large  and  handsome  specimen  o(  the 
Sugar  Maple  (Acer  saccharinum).  The  latter  tree 
seemed  as  vigorous  as  ever  the  previous  year,  but 
owing  to  some  unexplained  cause  it  failed  to  show  the 
faintest  signs  of  growth  the  following  spring.  On 
cutting  it  down  late  in  the  summer  we  lound  the 
central  pith  decayed  at  least  two  inches  in  diameter. 
This  beautiful  species  deserves  to  be  more  generally 
grown  than  it  is,  for  few— if,  indeed,  any — of  its 
class,  possess  such  beauty  of  contour ;  its  handsome, 
delicate,  deep  green  leaves,  slender  petioles,  graceful 
branches,  and  silvery  bark  rendering  it  one  of  the 
most  strikingly  beautiful  trees  for  growing  as  isolated 
specimens. 

Referring  again  to  the  subject  of  this  note,  I  may 
state  that  the  specimens  (Mespiius)  are  growing  on  a 
shallow  dryish  soil,  overlying  the  Blackheath  deep 
gravelly  subsoil.  According  to  Michaux,  in  his 
excellent  work,  the  North  American  Sylva,  the 
species  prefers  a  shady  moist  situation,  being  found, 
in  its  native  habitats,  growing  on  the  banks  of  streams 
and  rivulets.  The  same  writer  states  that  it  rarely 
exceeds  35  to  40  feet  in  height,  so  that  our  examples 
may  be  considered  as  having  well-nigh  attained 
maturity.  I  note,  too,  that  Michaux  states  that  the 
largest  trees  in  their  wild  state  rarely  bear  half  a  pound 
weight  of  its  attractive  and  agreeably-tasted  fruit. 
This  accounts  for  its  failure  to  produce  fruit  in  cul- 
tivation ;  and  although  our  trees  are,  as  you  so  truth- 
fully describe,  "laden  with  flowers  heaped  up  in 
happy  plenteousness,"  yet  not  a  single  fruit  has 
either  my  employer  (who,  by  the  way,  is  greatly 
interested  in  arboriculture)  or  myself  ever  seen.  To 
be  seen  in  its  full  floral  beauty  this  charming  tree 
requires  a  background  of  lofty  trees,  as  in  our  own 
case  ;  this  adds  greatly  to  the  effect  produced  by  such 
harmnny  and  association. 

There  are  a  vast  number  of  really  beautiful  trees 
described  and  illustrated  in  the  Norlh  American 
Sylva  that  ought  t)  find  a  home  in  every  garden 
capable  of  growing  such  noble  and  ir.agnificent 
examples.  T.  :i .  Sanders,  GauknerloJ.  N.  Larking, 
Esq.,  The  Fits,  Lee,  S.E. 


GlSHURSTiNE. —  Sloppy  pavements  in  town  and 
sodden  soil  in  the  country  remind  us  that  we  are 
on  the  thiehold  o(  winter  ;  and  to  still  more  force 
the  fact  on  our  notice  come  the  now  yearly  reminder 
in  the  fnrm  of  boxes  of  Price's  Gishurstine,  than 
wh  ch.  we  may  remind  our  readers,  no  better  dressing 
for  6h<  e-lcather  exists. 


MARKET   GARDENING. 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Farming  v.  Profit. — 
A  year  or  so  ago  one  of  the  foremost  amongst  modern 
statesmen  suggested  fruit  growing  as  a  remedy  for 
the  ills  that  cultivators  of  the  soil  and  others  have  to 
contend  with.  Doubtless  on  the  recommendation  of 
so  high  an  authority  many  holders  of  suitable  lands, 
who  hesitated  previously,  commenced  planting  fruit 
trees.  In  any  case  more  persons  have  consulted  me 
during  the  past  year  or  two  than  at  any  time  pre- 
viously as  to  the  actual  prospects  attached  to  fruit 
tree  planting  and  growing  hardy  fruits  genera'ly  for 
the  home  markets,  added  to  which  many  intending 
planters  have  written  simply  asking  for  lists  of  varieties 
of  fruits,  chiefly  Apples  and  Pears,  suitable  for 
marketing  purposes. 

I  have  not  hesitated  to  advise  the  utmost  caution 
in  regard  to  all  enquirers  who  seem  inclined  to  risk 
much  on  ultimate  success.  I  have  suggested  that 
even  long  leaseholders  should  secure  suitable  markets 
at    remunerative   prices   before    entering   too   deeply 


upon  such  highly  speculative  work.  This  advice 
being  based  on  the  facts,  that  young  fruit  plantations 
of  such  kinds  as  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  and  Cherries 
take  too  long  time  to  arrive  at  such  a  state  of  matu- 
rity, as  to,  under  more  favourable  circumstances  than 
really  exist,  recoup  tenant  planters  the  outlay  made, 
when  considerations  of  conservation  from  birds,  &c., 
gathering,  baskets,  transit  and  commission,  are  fairly 
calculated  in  addition,  as  a  set  oH  against  the  actual 
returns  of  crops. 

In  regard  to  bush  fruits  matters  are  not  much  more 
promising  as  regards  results.  These  fruit  bushes  may 
be  planted  with  a  certainty  of  quicker  returns,  though 
good  market  prices  have  ceased  to  be  the  rule  for 
excellent  fruit  from  old  established  growers  ;  and  there 
is  but  small  hope  that  beginners  at  the  trade  will  be 
able  to  do  as  weil  as  they. 

It  will  be  well,  moreover,  in  connection  with  this 
phase  of  the  subject,  to  explain  that,  whilst  well 
grown  produce,  ably  marketed,  may  hope  to  vie  with 
the  latter  as  regards  prices,  it  will  prove  anything  but 
a  remunerative  speculation  to  grow  moderate  quanti- 
ties of  fruit,  in  addition  to  other  branches  of  farming. 
Moreover,  unless  the  grower  is  his  own  salesman,  the 
wool  will  not  be  worth  the  cry,  and  he  is  not  likely 
to  realise  good  returns  for  his  crop. 

It  may  be  asked,  why  so  great  a  disparity  should 
exist  between  demand  and  supply,  seeing  the  extent 
of  population  and  the  limited  area  of  land  under  fruit 
culture  within  these  islands? 

Several  causes  can  be  pointed  out,  though  it  would 
be  difficult  to  enumerate  all.  The  importations  of 
foreign  fruits,  though  advantageous  to  the  residents  in 
the  metropolis  and  all  large  town?,  prove  very 
injurious  to  the  home  growers'  interest.  The  cost  of 
transit  as  shown  in  the  comparison  between  prices 
charged  for  the  carriage  of  foreign  fruits  and  that  of 
British,  terribly  handicaps  home  growers  besides. 
Railway  companies  charge  as  much  for  the  carriage 
of  such  goods  from  Kent  to  the  metropolis— if  not 
more — than  for  an  equal  weight  consigned  from  a  sea- 
coast  town.  Indeed,  by  through  carriage  in  express 
trains  the  foreign  consignments  are  conveyed  at 
extremely  low  prices.  By  this  means  foreign  fruits 
inundate  our  markets  before  the  home  grown  crops 
are  ripe,  hence  the  latter  realise  only  inferior  prices. 

There  is  besides  another  fact  connected  with  these 
consignments  and  the  foreign  fruit  industry,  which 
must  not  be  overlooked.  Apart  from  the  fact  that 
land  is  cheaper,  tithes  and  taxes  lower,  seasons  more 
equable,  and  labour  cheaper,  foreign  growers  are  well 
satisfied  with  a  very  low  scale  of  profits.  For  instance, 
they  persist  in  sending  their  produce  at  auction  prices; 
and  there  cannot  be  any  question  that  a  profit  of 
2d.  up  to  6J.,  per  parcel  satisfies  them  well. 
Take,  by  way  of  illustration,  the  French  baskets 
of  fresh  Plums:  the  baskets  alone,  with  lids  fitted, 
&c.,  are  generally  sold  empty  and  second-hand,  by 
the  original  purchasers  of  the  Plums,  at  6d.  each.  Yet 
these  baskets  (filled  with  selected  fruit  and  in  measure 
more  than  half  a  sieve)  are  sold  at  our  marts  for  2s., 
more  or  less.  If  the  gathering  and  selecting  of  the 
contents  of  each  basket,  carriage  beyond  sea  to  rail  or 
boat,  commission  on  sale,  &c.,  is  taken  into  account, 
it  will  be  seen  that  I  have  not  understated  the 
case. 

Apart  from  the  quality  of  the  fruit  these  are  the 
more  readily  saleable,  both  wholesale  and  retail,  owing 
to  the  fact  of  their  being  first  fruits.  By  this  mode 
all  subsequently  gathered  fruit  of  English  growth  are 
made  seconds.  It  matters  not  how  good  the  quality 
of  the  latter  may  be,  consumers  do  not  care  for  them 
after  the  first  flush  is  over.  Nor  is  it  enough  to  rob 
home  growers  of  their  undoubted  rights  in  this  way, 
for  a  practice  is  gaining  ground  of  packing  foreign 
fruits  in  English  baskets  and  selling  them  as  home 
grown.  This  is  more  particularly  the  case  with  the 
green  French  Plums  which  first  arrive  so  neatly 
packed  in  wooden  boxes.  As  the  crops  ripen  they 
are  sent  over  in  greater  profusion,  and  are  transposed, 
as  stated,  to  other  baskets,  and  palmed  off  on  the 
public  as  English  Gages,  by  which  is  meant  Green 
Gages,  though  they  are  very  inferior  in  quality  to 
the  latter. 

If  we  take  into  consideration  the  rent  of  good 
land,  tithes,  rates,  and  labour,  along  with  the  too 
general  unkindly  spring  weather  experienced,  it  must 
be  seen  that  the  home  grower  labours  under  much 
disadvantage.  I  maintain,  as  a  grower,  judging  crop 
for  crop,  supposing  it  is  well  secured  by  the  home 
grower,  not  only  has  the  foreigner  the  advantage  in 
our  markets,  but  beyond  that,  holders  or  owners  of 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


489 


matured  orchards  do  not  6nd  them  remunerative ; 
how  then  is  it  possible  for  planters  to  expect  to  profit 
greatly  by  planting  new  ground  with  the  same  ? 

If  we  take  the  varieties  of  fruit  seriatim,  we 
find  Plums  proverbially  "  give  good  crops  once  in  ten 
years."  We  have  an  illustration  of  what  a  good  crop 
is  this  season.  With  the  trees  bearing  very  heavy 
crops  of  fruit  the  growers'  hopes  may  be  allowed  to 
rise  ;  but  in  reality,  however,  his  profits  are  next  to 
nothing.  Apples,  too — a  very  uncertain  crop  gene- 
rally— are  mostly  either  very  thin  or  very  heavy  over 
large  areas  of  the  country.  In  the  former  case 
large  trees,  even  though  dotted  over  with  a  partial 


not  be  attempted  ;  and  for  this  reason,  that  unless  a 
"  bird  tenter  "  can  be  maintained  from  break  of  day 
till  dusk  during  the  whole  time  the  fruit  is  ripening 
together  with  a  certain  expenditure  of  gunpowder,  it 
is  useless  to  expect  to  save  the  crop.  Even  good 
wall-grown  Cherries  do  not  commend  themselves. 
I  have  sold,  years  ago,  Morellos  so  grown,  at  i^.  bd. 
per  pound  ;  the  best  offer  I  could  obtain  for  a  cwt. 
of  these  this  year  was  "a  shilling  a  dozen  "  (id.  per 
pound.) 

As  regards  Pears  I  assume  there  is  no  risk  of  new 
growers  burning  their  fingers  by  planting  too  ex- 
tensively-     Notwithstanding    the    influx    of  Jersey 


look  is  anything  but  cheerful,  either  present  or  pro- 
spective. It  may  be  interesting  to  refer  in  this  place  to 
the  matter  of  grower  versus  consumer.  Though  whole- 
sale prices  are  so  low  consumers  unfortunately  do  not 
generally  benefit.  I  will,  by  way  of  illustration,  take 
Raspberries  as  being  more  exclusively  English  grown 
than  other  kinds  of  fruits,  and  hence  less  likely 
to  be  influenced  one  way  or  the  other  by  foreign  pro- 
duce. I  have  shown  that  the  nominal  wholesale 
price  during  the  present  season  has  been  31/.  per 
pound,  and  after  the  rains  came,  in  certain  instances, 
sales  could  not  be  effected  at  that  ;  yet  consumers 
within  the  large  area  of  the  western  and  southern 


Fig.  98.— snowy  mespilus,  at  the  firs,  lee,  kent.    (see  p. 


crop,  pleasing  to  the  eye,  prove  very  bad  basket 
fillers.  I  have  just  had  five  fine  large  young 
thrifty  trees  of  Dumelow's  Seedling  (Wellingtons) 
gathered,  and  the  result  is  a  sieve  and  a  half.  Even 
if  the  fruit  fetch  i8x.  per  sieve,  as  they  sometimes 
do  during  bad  seasons,  the  result  will  nevertheless 
prove  very  barren  as  to  returns.  On  the  contrary 
when  good  crops  abound,  these,  like  the  Plums,  give 
wretchedly  bad  returns,  and  Cherries  furnish  a  similar 
result.  With  a  good  crop  such  as  was  experienced 
this  season,  we  have  seen  them  sold  retail  in  London 
at  id.  per  pound.  Few  growers  would  care  to  gather 
them  for  this  money,  yet  how  greatly  is  even  this  sum 
reduced  by  the  time  it  reaches  them.  Cherry  grow- 
ing, except   in  the  form  of  large  orchards,  should 


"  Williams "  good  samples  grown  in  this  country 
fetch  fairly  good  prices,  but  no  reliance  can  be  placed 
on  securing  a  crop. 

Small,  or  bush  fruits  show  great  fluctuations.  All 
have  fallen  considerably  in  price  during  the  last  five 
years.  Raspberries  I  have  sold  at  \s.  per  pound,  and 
as  I  gathered  I  cwt.  from  a  piece  of  ground  measuring 
27  yards  long  by  26  yards  wide,  a  return  of  ^5  \2s. 
was  an  exceptional  profit.  Latterly,  however,  3*/. 
per  pound  has  been  the  nominal  market  price,  and 
as  the  season  advanced  this  year  this  was  not  obtain- 
able, indeed,  instances  occurred  where  they  could  not 
be  obtained  at  any  price.  Gooseberries  have  not 
repaid,  in  many  instances,  the  cost  of  gathering. 

But  I  need  not  follow  the  subject  further  :  the  out- 


suburbs  of  the  metropolis  were   all  but   invariably 
charged  is.  per  pound  for  them. 

Why  this  great  disparity  between  wholesale  and 
retail?  It  is  not  far  to  seek.  Retail  sellers  have 
each  their  round  of  customers  the  generality  of 
whom  are  ignorant  or  unconcerned  as  to  the  abundance 
of  supplies  first  hand,  and  who  are  charged  at 
the  higher  prices.  They  continue  to  cater  for 
these  alone ;  given  so  much  mixed  produce  for  so 
many  good  customers,  and  they  require  no  more.  It 
is  not  to  their  interest  or  convenience,  however  cheap 
or  abundant  fruits  and  vegetables  maybe,  to  purchase 
double  quantities  at  low  prices,  and  to  cart  them  home 
for  the  benefit  of  customers.  They  know,  too,  that  low 
prices  at  one  time  militate  against  good  prices  gener- 


490 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICL. 


[October  i6,  1886. 


ally,  and  thus  the  interests  of  sellers  and  buyers 
are  placed  in  direct  antagonism.  Nor  are  the 
•ellers  really  to  blame  ;  they  have,  taking  all  seasons 
together,  many  risks  to  undergo,  beside  having  the 
particular  characteristic  of  their  countrymen — a  desire 
to  make  their  fortunes  as  quickly  as  possible. 

The  fact  remains,  nevertheless,  that  the  interests  of 
growers  and  consumers  are  identical,  and  no  effort 
should  be  wanting  on  the  part  of  both  to  come  into 
more  direct  communication  with  each  other.  How 
this  is  to  be  brought  about  is  a  difficulty  that  will  have 
to  be  met.  It  may  be  said,  however,  that  consumers 
are  to  blame  for  not  going  to  the  wholesale  markets 
when  they  require  sieves  o(  fruits  of  any  kind,  and  by 
not  endeavouring  to  eiifect  wholesome  reductions  by 
arranging  with  their  greengrocers  beforehand.  Unlike 
other  trades,  I  have  not  observed  there  is  anything 
like  a  "  ring  "  at  any  of  our  great  vegetable  and  fruit 
markets.  Buyers  able  to  take  care  of  their  own 
interests  can  buy  at  market  prices,  and  they  will  do 
well  to  make  an  early  morning  trip  for  trial,  when  a 
very  interesting  sight  will  meet  their  view. 

As  regards  vegetables,  precisely  similar  differences 
exist  between  wholesale  and  retail  prices.  During  the 
present  season  Runner  Beans  frequently  have  barely 
repaid  the  price  of  picking.  Vegetables  Marrows  and 
Cabbages  often  only  fetching  Is.  6d.  a  tally,  or  by 
weight  id.  for  about  20  lb.  of  produce  !  Assuredly 
the  land  must  groan  by  very  superabundance  ere 
growers  can  recoup  their  heavy  outlay  at  such  prices. 
Figures  will  more  than  corroborate  my  statement.  I 
give  here  a  copy  of  a  Covent  Garden  salesman's  return 
to  a  grower,  for  produce  sold  :^ 


7    6 


Profit  returneii  to  grow 


This  does  not  include  the  cost  of  gathering,  packing, 
wear  of  baskets,  &c.,  to  say  nothing  regarding  the  out- 
lay of  growing,  &c. ,  and  if  growers'  expenses  are,  taking 
the  year  throughout,  barely  met,  where  ultimately  is 
the  rent  of  land  to  come  from  ?   IVilliafn  Barley, 


ODONTOGLOSSUMS. 

It  is  interesting  to  read  of  the  very  successful 
management  of  Odontoglossums  out-of-doors  in  Mr. 
Smee's  garden  (see  p.  424).  It  is  there  stated  that 
O.  cirrosum  did  better  out-of-doors  than  O.  crispura. 
Probably  some  may  infer  from  this  that  the  first 
named  is  the  hardier  of  the  two,  and  that  it  is  likely 
to  do  as  well  or  better  in  the  cool-house  than  O. 
crispum.  We  have  grown  it  very  successfully  in  our 
collection  ever  since  it  was  introduced,  but  I  was  not 
long  in  finding  out  that  it  required  a  higher  tempera- 
ture during  winter  than  O.  crispum,  or  at  least  it 
requires  more  sunlight.  If  the  house  is  an  airy  span- 
roofed  one,  well  exposed  to  the  sun,  the  plants  do 
not  suffer  from  the  low  temperature,  but  they  will  do 
so  from  one  where  the  sun  does  not  shine  upon  them 
at  all  for  three  or  more  months  in  winter.  The  leaves 
continue  to  die  off  at  the  points  all  through  the  winter 
until  they  are  quite  unsightly  in  a  low  temperature 
and  no  direct  sunlight.  This  I  have  proved  by  re- 
moving some  of  the  plants  to  the  Cattleya-house  and 
leaving  others  in  the  cool  temperature.  They  are 
now  making  their  growths,  and  will  continue  to 
do  so  during  the  winter  ;  and  it  is  quite  natural 
that  at  that  time  they  should  have  as  much  sun- 
light as  they  can  get  during  the  late  autumn  and 
winter  months,  but  failing  that  a  minimum  tem- 
perature of  55"  is  better  than  one  of  45°.  In  the 
higher  temperature  they  make  large  bulbs,  which 
throw  up  at  once  grand  branching  flower-spikes.  It 
flowers  during  March  and  April,  and  in  this  respect 
is  different  from  O.  crispum,  which  is  never  out  of 
flower,  making  its  growths  at  all  times  and  seasons. 
O.  crispum  will  grow  and  flower  well  year  after  year 
in  a  lower  temperature  than  any  other  species  known 
to  me,  but  the  question  with  most  people  who  value 
their  plants  is,  not  how  low  can  the  temperature  be  kept 
without  injuring  the  plants,  but  what  temperature  is 
best?  In  a  sufftciently  heated  and  well  consiructed 
Orchid-house  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  fuel  to  keep 
the  minimum  temperature  at  50"  instead  of  45"  is  not 
worth  consideration  at  all ;  on  the  other  hand,  if  it 
could  be  demonstrated  that  the  lower  temperature  is 
best  for  the  present  and  future  of  the  plants,  it  would 


be  easy  enough  to  give  them  45®  instead  of  5o^  The 
OJontoglossums  and  other  Orchids  from  the  moun- 
tainaui  districts  of  South  Americi  are  maintained  in 
health  by  studying  other  requirements  of  the  plants 
as  well  as  tempeiature.  We  read  of  them  being 
enveloped  in  mist  in  their  native  habitats,  and  are 
too  ready  to  come  to  the  conclusion  that  an  atmo- 
sphere saturated  with  moisture  night  and  day  is  best 
for  the  plants,  but  we  forget  to  take  account  ol  the 
difference  between  our  plants  with  their  artificial 
existence  and  that  which  thsy  enjoy  in  the  free  air  of 
their  native  mountainj.  Tat  plants  exist  there  under 
conditions  in  which  they  will  naturally  grow  and 
increase  freely  ;  we  can  never  expect  to  imitate  them. 
I  have  grown  cool  Orchids  under  various  cjndilions 
for  many  years — it  does  not  matter  how  many,  but 
long  enough  to  find  out,  that  growths  of  Odontoglos- 
sums made  in  a  close,  moist  atmosphere  in  winter, 
are  much  inferior  to  those  made  in  a  more  airy  house 
and  a  moderately  moist  atmosphere.  Simelimes  the 
difference  of  placing  a  plant  on  the  stage,  or  suspend- 
ing it  from  the  roo',  makes  all  the  difference  between 
success  and  failure.  The  smill-growing  species,  and 
those  with  soft  growths,  such  as  O.  nebulosum,  do  best 
quite  close  to  the  glass  roof.  I  would  like  to  remark, 
further,  that  no  cultivator  of  Orchids  need  expect  to 
be  successful  by  imitating  some  one  the.  The  treat- 
ment required  in  our  house  may  not  do  in  another.  I 
can  give  an  instance  of  this  in  the  case  of  Lycaste 
Skinneri. 

Perhaps  no  one  ever  grew  this  species  better  than 
Mr.  John  Ward  when  gardener  at  The  Poplars, 
Leyton.  The  plants  grew  into  great  specimens  in 
quick  time.  Our  cool-house  is  the  same  form,  and 
our  plants  are  grown  very  much  as  Mr.  Ward  grew 
them  ;  in  fact  he  saw  the  house  and  the  plants,  and 
told  me  it  was  so,  and  yet  they  will  not  even  do  well 
with  us  in  that  cool-house,  probably  because  some 
smill  detail  is  neglected,  or  some  of  the  internal  or 
external  arrangements  of  the  house  are  not  right.  We 
grow  this  species  very  well  in  another  and  warmer 
house. 

I  stated  some  time  ago  that  Odontoglossum  Rossii, 
O.  membranaceum,  and  some  few  others  of  this  type 
(of  which  the  supposed  hybrid  forms  0.  Humeanum 
and  O.  aspersum  are  included)  did  remarkably  well 
in  our  cool-house,  summer  and  winter  ;  they  are 
doing  well  now.  Some  one  writing  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  took  exception  to  this,  and  stated  that  they 
required  warmer  treatment.  This  is  sufficient 
evidence  that,  given  a  fair  general  training  in  the  cul- 
ture of  Orchids,  every  one  must  to  a  certain  extent 
feel  his  own  way,  and  find  out  from  his  own  prac- 
tical experience  the  special  requirements  of  each 
individual  specimen  ;  and  this  can  only  be  done  by 
unremitting  attention  and  watchfulness  of  the  changes 
in  the  health  of  the  plants.  The  quick  eye  of  an 
earnest  and  experienced  cultivator  can  soon  tell 
whether  there  is  any  change  in  the  plants  for  better 
or  for  worse,  and  will  not  be  slow  to  take  prompt  and 
decided  action.     J.  Douglas. 


LUTON    HOO. 

This  fine  house  and  garden,  the  residence  of  Mr. 
de  Falbe,  Danish  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at  the 
British  Court,  are  situated  on  rising  ground,  at  a 
short  distance  from  the  Midland  Railway,  from  whence 
the  traveller  can  see  the  mansion  and  its  background 
of  trees,  and  is  about  midway  between  the  emporium 
of  straw  plait,  Luton,  and  Rothamsted,  of  agricul- 
tural notoriety.  Aged  timber  abounds  in  the  park  of 
900  acres,  but  the  main  proportion  of  the  plantations, 
which  are  young,  were  formed  by  the  late  Mr.  Leigh, 
within  the  last  forty  years.  The  planting,  in  so  far  as 
could  be  observed  in  a  day's  ramble,  is  generally  suc- 
cessful, the  belts  and  groups  having  formed  effectual 
shelter  to  what  was  formerly  a  somewhat  bleak  and 
bare  hillside.  The  roads  that  intersect  the  property 
are  broad,  well  made,  and  of  bold  outline,  whilst  the 
stretches  of  park  land  on  each  side  are  not  frittered 
away  by  searching  for  effects  or  by  the  mistaken  dot- 
ting and  small  group  method  seen  in  some  modern 
examples  of  landscape  planting. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  the  mansion,  a  rather 
plain  building  in  stone  and  stucco,  fine  Cedars  abound, 
especially  C.  Deodara,  and  as  these  stand  apart  from 
any  other  trees,  their  symmetrical  forms  and  healthy 
appearance  add  no  little  effect  to  the  garden  landscape. 
A  specimen  of  C.  atlantica,  of  grand  proportions, 
stands  not  far  from  the  north-eastern  end  of  the 
terrace,  aad  is  probably  one  of  the  fioest  in  the 


country.  Sequora  gigantea  ( Wellinglonia)  forms  a  noble 
tree  on  this  soil,  and  several  are  found  at  various  points 
of  vantage  near  the  house;  other  Cuiiifers  consist  of 
Abies  Douglasii,  A.  obovata,  A.  Pinsapo,  Pinus 
excelsa,  all  of  them  of  goodly  proportions.  Liit'e 
change  of  any  kin!  his  been  effected  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  the  flower  garden  ;  the  broad 
expanses  of  lawn  remaining  as  they  were  originally 
planned.  Cving  to  the  adoption  of  the  ha-ha  wall 
the  stretch  of  lawn  appears  almost  endless,  looking 
towards  the  north,  only  coming  lo  an  end  with  the 
distant  woods  and  cultivated  upland  field?. 

The  flower  garden,  that  was  originally  on  the  north 
of  the  mansion,  has  been  removed  to  the  east  side, 
and  with  the  obvious  advantage  of  having  the  near 
neighbourhood  of  trees  and  shrubs  to  act  as  a  setting, 
instead  of  the  indefinite  hazy  finish  of  continuous 
grassland,  as  in  the  former  case.  The  beds  are  large 
and  not  numerous,  the  Pelargonium  being  largely  em- 
ployed lor  its  brightness  of  colour. 

Carpet  beds  do  not  find  much  favour  owing  to  theit 
want  of  coljur  and  the  difficulty  with  which  the 
pattern  can  be  discerned  at  a  little  distance  off. 

A  feature  of  the  flower  garden  is  the  number  ol  fine 
Bay  trees  in  tubs  whtch  stand  abou'.  These  are  in 
great  vigour,  and  formed  dense  cones  and  globe',  some 
of  which  measured  9  feet  in  diameter. 

Dahlias  of  various  kinds,  single  and  double,  are 
much  employed,  and  the  finer  border  perennials  find 
place  in  the  foregrounds  of  shrubberies  and  in  par- 
terres set  apart  for  these — indeed  they  are  indispensable 
in  a  place  where  cut  flowers  find  so  many  uses ;  and 
flower  borders  are  found  not  only  about  the  flower 
garden  itself,  but  by  the  sides  of  the  kitchen  garden 
paths  and  of  glass-houses  of  various  kinds — indeed, 
wherever  a  favourable  site  can  be  obtained,  and  all  are 
planted  with  the  one  idea,  that  of  furnishing  flowers 
for  use  for  indoor  decoration. 

The  kitchen  garden  is  worthy  of  the  place,  being 
12  acres  in  extent,  divided  into  two  main  areas,  one 
of  which  is  octagonal  in  shape.  This  season  the  fruit 
crop  has  been  very  abundant  on  trees  of  every  kind  and 
in  most  aspects,  which,  as  regards  the  walls  in  and 
outside  the  octagon,, were  very  varied.  Trees  of  either 
standard  or  pyramidal  forms  line  the  cross  paths  in 
these  gardens,  the  Utter  finding  general  use  as 
boundaries  to  the  vegetable  quatttrs.  The  high  site 
of  this  part  of  the  estate  is,  in  dry  seasons,  the  cause 
of  a  great  want  of  water,  so  that  vegetables  often 
sufler  much  in  the  late  summer  months. 

The  numerous  glasshouses  are  distributed  in  groups 
and  ranges  in  various  positions,  one  long  range 
occupying  the  northern  boundary,  with  all  the 
necessary  offices,  sheds,  boiler-house,  bothy,  packing 
sheds,  and  fruit-stores  in  the  rear.  The  arrangements 
are  most  commodious,  admitting  of  the  carrying  on 
of  the  work  of  a  large  garden  with  but  little  loss  of 
time  and  labour. 

One  of  the  prettiest  of  the  houses  is  one  planted 
with  Roses— hybrid  perpeluals  and  Teas.  The  house 
is  of  quadrangular  form,  30  feet  by  50  feet,  and  of 
considerable  height  at  the  sides.  Standing  apart 
from  any  other,  the  house  has  a  handsome  appear- 
ance, and  the  interior  during  the  months  of  March 
and  April  is  a  picture  ol  beauty  rarely  met  with. 
The  inmates,  mainly  planted  out  in  narrow  winding 
borders  and  small  beds,  are  grown  in  the  pillar, 
bush,  and  climbing  forms. 

There  are  at  present  seven  houses  devoted  to 
Vines ;  Black  Alicantes  and  Lady  Downe's  occupy  a 
house  in  which  Mr.  Baillie,  the  gardener,  has  found 
it  necessary  to  entirely  remake  the  borders,  the  woilc 
having  been  very  inefficiently  done  at  some  previous 
time.  In  one  house  Muscats  were  carrying  a  good 
crop,  and  there  was  no  shanking  ;  in  another  Heli- 
otrope President  Garfield  covered  the  back  wall, 
furnishing  abundance  of  fragrant  bloom  for  bouquet 
purposes.  In  the  front  young  Vines  of  Black  Ham- 
burgh were  doing  well,  and  at  the  back  part  of  the 
inside  border  a  row  of  Tomatos  in  full  fruit  had 
reached  the  roof.  One  more  house  was  planted  with 
Black  Hamburgh  Vines,  which  had  been  prepared  in 
an  uncommon  manner,  that  have  made  great  progress 
since  being  planted.  The  plants  hid  the  whole  of  the 
earth  washed  from  the  roots,  which  were  then  spread 
over  the  surface  of  a  wooden  raft  with  a  covering  of 
2—3  inches  of  soil.  A  month  afterwards,  in  May 
last,  these  Vines  were  planted  out  in  large  shallow 
holes  and  treated  in  the  usual  way  ;  their  growth  has 
exceeded  that  of  any  others  by  quite  6  feet  in  length. 
One  large  vinery  was  well  furnished  with  splendid 
bunches  of  Gros  Colmar,  a  Vine  or  two  of  Alnwick 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


491 


Seedling,  which  the  gardener  doe3  not  i;i<e,  occupying 
one  end.    This  vinery  has  also  had  the  border  renewed. 

A  vinciy  originally  filled  with  Black  Hamburghs, 
which  succeeded  admirably,  has  had  the  Vines  worked 
with  the  showier  Gros  Colman,  fine  bunches  and 
berries  being  here  preferred  to  the  more  modest 
excellence  of  the  first-named  variety.  A  house  of  Fig 
trees  in  tubs  is  one  of  the  sights  of  the  gardens.  The 
plants  will  average  8  feet  in  height,  and  occupy  a  house 
entirely  to  themselves,  standing  in  two  long  lines  on 
the  border.  These  cylindrical  bushes  are  wonders  of 
fruitfulness,  Thompson's  Vine  manure  and  stable 
manure  assisting  to  maintain  them  in  health.  The 
sorts  consist  of  the  following  :— White  Naples,  White 
Ischia,  and  Brown  Turkey,  the  latter  being  preferred. 
A  house  in  which  are  Palms,  and  another  for  Ferns, 
all  with  the  idea  of  affording  plants  for  indoor  fur- 
nishing, were  observed,  filled  with  the  usual  species 
and  varieties.  There  are  small  houses  and  divisions 
for  the  cultivation  of  Calanthes.  Tree  Carnations, 
tuberous  varieties  of  Begonias,  and  B.  nitida,  zonal 
Pelargoniums,  Roses  in  pots,  Eucharis  amazonica,  a 
mixed  collection  of  hothouse  plants,  and  a  small  col- 
lection of  Orchids  of  ordinary  kinds,  although  of 
these  latter  a  beginning  of  better  things  was  ob- 
served in  some  finer  species  and  varieties  lately  pur- 
chased. 

The  kind  of  cultivation  carried  on  at  Luton  Hoo 
is  that  of  the  production  of  masses  of  a  few  "  useful  " 
plants,  good  for  a  certain  purpose  only  ;  and  but  few 
plants  of  an)  thing  rare  or  remarkable  are  found  in 
the  many  houses.  This  is  to  be  deplored,  as,  with  all 
its  abundance,  there  is  a  certain  lack  of  the  interesting 
in  horticulture. 

Order,  neatness,  and  good  culture  are  visible  on 
every  hand,  the  place  having  decidedly  advanced 
since  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Biillie  to  the  post  of 
head  gardener,  about  eighteen  months  ago. 


GARDEN    PALMS. 

[.Contmutd  from  /.   55-.  ■■'I-  -<■-"•.) 

Manicaria,  Gisrli:er. — There  are  but  two  species 
to  this  genus,  both  of  them  natives  of  South  America, 
where  their  gigantic  leaves  are  largely  used  as  a 
thatch. 

M.  saccifcra,  the  Troolie  or  Bussu  of  British 
Guiana,  is  the  only  one  known  to  be  in  cultivation 
In  Europe,  but  it  is  as  yet  represented  only  by  very 
small  plants,  being  difficult  to  keep  in  health,  and  as 
it  is  not  particularly  ornamental  when  young,  pro- 
bably no  effort  has  ever  been  made  to  obtain  and 
establish  large  specimens.  There  are  several  4  year- 
old  plants  at  Kew,  and  these  were  raised  from  seeds  ; 
they  thrive  only  when  kept  in  a  very  warm  and  steamy 
house,  and  liberally  supplied  with  water.  Alihouj^h 
not  attractive  when  young  this  Palm  is  one  of  the 
most  striking  and  singular  in  appearance  when 
mature.  Its  stem  attains  the  height  of  about  15  feet, 
and  is  often  crooked  ;  the  lower  part  is  marked  with 
closely  set  scar-rings,  whilst  the  upper  is  covered  by 
the  broad  persistent  bases  of  the  petioles,  and  crowned 
with  numerous  semi-erect  entire  leaves,  often  30  feet 
in  length  and  5  feet  in  width,  the  margins  serrated, 
and  the  blade  here  and  there  split  when  old.  The 
form  of  the  leaves  is  that  of  the  largest  leaves  of  Musa 
Ensete,  but  as  they  are  rather  rigid,  channeled,  and  point 
upwards,  the  whole  plant  presentsan  unique  appearance. 
The  drooping  spadices  are  produced  in  the  axils  of 
the  lower  leaves,  and  are  enveloped  in  curious  cloth- 
like spalhes,  3  feet  long,  and  shaped  like  fool's-caps, 
and,  according  to  Wallace,  these  spathes  are  much 
valued  by  the  Indian,  furnishing  him  with  a  durable 
cloth.  Taken  off  entire  they  form  bags,  or  may  be 
used  as  caps,  and  even  as  landing  nets  by  fishermen. 
The  seeds  are  usually  enclosed  in  threes  in  corky 
3-lobed  shells,  the  cork-like  covering  being  broken 
up  into  angular  gibbosities  ;  the  seeds  are  round, 
smooth,  black-brown,  \\  inch  in  diameter,  and  hollow 
like  a  Cocoa-nut,  which  they  also  resemble  in  that 
they  contain  milk.  The  Creoles  in  Demerara  greedily 
drink  this  milk,  which  they  consider  to  be  an  unfailing 
remedy  for  coughs  and  asthma  (Ira  Thurn).  Seed- 
Hog  leaves  bipartite,  dark  olive-green.  This  Palm  is 
found  only  in  tidal  swamps,  and  is  therefore  not  easily 
accommodated  under  cultivation.  It  would  be  a 
grand  Palm  for  the  collection  at  Kew  if  a  full-sized 
example  of  it  were  possible.     The  second  species, 

M.  Plukendii,  is  supposed  to  be  found  in  Trinidad 
and  Guatemala,  and,  according  to  Sereno  Watson  it 
is  pretty  clearly  distinct  from  M.  saceifera,  which,  till 


recently,  was  considered  the  only  species.  There  is 
probably  some  confusion  of  the  two  species  in  botanical 
works. 

Martinesia,  Ruh  el  Pavon. 

In  the  Genera  Plan/arum  it  is  stated  that 
seven  species  of  Martinesia  have  neen  enumerated, 
in  a  recently  issued  number  of  the  Botanical 
Magazine  fourteen  species  is  the  number  given. 
Five  of  these  are  in  cultivation,  but  they  do  not  find 
much  favour  as  ornamental  plants  owing  to  their 
requiring  a  high  temperature,  and  to  their  lack  of 
distinctive  beauty  when  young.  M.  caryotaefolia  is 
the  best  known  kind,  and  it  has  been  cultivated  in 
England  many  years  ;  a  plant  which  flowered  at  Kew 
last  year,  and  was  figured  for  the  Botanical  Ma^asine, 
having  been  grown  from  seeds  collected  by  Purdie  in 
1845.  This  plant  is  about  12  feet  high.  None  of 
the  species  form  large  trunks,  30  feet  in  height  by 
about  9  inches  in  diameter  being  about  the  limit. 
They  are  all  more  or  less  clothed  with  rings  of 
blackish  spines,  as  also  are  the  petiole  and  rachis. 
The  leaves  are  borne  on  the  top  of  the  stem,  where 
they  form  a  rather  thin  but  gracefully  arching  crown  ; 
they  are  about  5  feet  long,  pinnate,  the  pinnx  broad, 
about  I  foot  long  ;  the  apex  broad,  lobed,  and  truncate 
as  m  Caryota  and  Wallichia  ;  seeds  globose,  smooth, 
half  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  reddish-yellow  when 
fresh ;  seedling  leaves  bipartite.  Being  all  natives  of  the 
tropics  of  South  America,  these  Palms  require  stove 
treatment  and  plenty  of  moisture  both  in  the  atmo- 
sphere and  at  the  root.  They  are  healthiest  when 
allowed  a  liberal  amount  of  root-room.  In  some 
botanical  works  this  genus  is  sunk  in  Aipbanes, 

M.  Aifhanes,  Kl.  (Aiphanes  aculeata,  Willd.).— 
Caracas. 

M.  caryotafolia,  H.  and  K.— New  Grenada,  Bot. 
Mag.,  t.  6854. 

M.  disticha,  Hort.  (M.  leucophota,  Hurl.  ?)  — Hab? 

M.  erosa,  Hort.  Lind. — West  Indies. 

M,  Lindeniana,  Wendl. — New  Grenada. 

Mauritia,  Linn. 
Like  the  Manicaria  this  genus  is  represented  in 
English  collections  by  only  very  small  plants  of  one 
species,  viz.,  M.  flexuosa,  although  six  or  seven  are 
described,  all  of  them  large  handsome  Palms  with 
columnar  and  smooth,  or  slender  and  armed  trunks  : 
leaves  fan-shaped,  very  large,  on  long  slender  curved 
petioles,  and  in  a  cluster  on  the  top  of  the  stem.  The 
seeds  are  oval  or  globular,  varying  in  size  from  that  of 
a  Victoria  Plum  to  that  of  a  Damson,  and  covered 
with  small  horny  imbricated  scales,  pointing  down- 
wards and  shining  brown  in  colour.  M.  flexuosa, 
Linn.,  the  Ita  Palm  of  Brazil  and  Guiana,  is  described 
as  one  of  the  most  noble  and  majestic  of  the  American 
Palms.  Its  stem  reaches  to  a  height  of  80  or  100 
feet,  and  bears  a  head  of  spreading  fan-shaped  leaves 
divided  almost  to  the  base  into  numerous  narrow 
rigid  pinnae,  which  are  drooping  at  the  tips.  The 
diameter  of  a  full  grown  leaf  is  9  or  10  feet,  whilst 
the  petiole  forms  a  solid  beam  10  feet  long,  very 
straight  and  thick,  with  a  broad  clasping  base,  the 
whole  being  quite  a  load  for  a  man  ;  the  spadices  also 
are  very  large,  and  when  loaded  with  fruit, 
are  of  immense  weight.  This  species  grows  in 
moist,  very  rarely  wet  ground,  chiefly  in  places 
where  the  ground  is  flooded  only  in  the 
wet  season.  Its  leaves,  fruit,  and  stem  are 
all  of  great  value  to  the  natives,  the  leaves  being  used 
as  a  thatch,  yielding  a  strong  fibre,  and,  when  young, 
forming  the  best  Palm  Cabbage  ;  from  the  fruits  a 
favourite  beverage  is  produced,  and  also  from  the  sap 
of  the  trunk,  whilst  the  pith  is  made  into  sago.  It  is 
placed  first  among  the  useful  Palms  of  Araerici,  and 
the  name,  Mauritia,  which  means  "the  tree  of  life," 
is  said  to  have  been  given  to  this  Palm  in  recognition 
of  its  great  value  to  man.  Small  plants  of  M. 
flexuosa  maybe  seen  at  Kew,  where  it  is  grown  over  a 
hot-water  tank  (temperature,  80° — 85°),  with  the  pot 
partly  in  the  water.  A  picture  of  this  species  is 
shown  in  the  "  North  "  gallery.  No.  119.  We  have 
said  that  M.  flexuosa  is  the  only  species  in  English 
collections,  but  the  firm  represented  by  M.  Linden 
have  young  plants  of  what  they  call  M.  Carana,  which 
was  named  by  Wallace,  and  is  figured  in  his  Palms 
0/  the  Amazon,  where  it  is  described  as  a  large 
species  allied  to  M.  flexuosa,  but  with  leaves  less 
deeply  divided,  and  the  sheathing  bases  of  the 
petioles  thickly  matted  in  fibre,  as  in  the  Piassaba.  A 
small  plant  of  M.  Linden's  M.  Carana  is  in  the  Kew 
collection  ;  it  is  very  distinct  in  a  young  state  from 
M,  fIejcuos3,  the  petioles  being  smooth,  terete,  and 


covered  with  a  white  powdery  bloom,  and  the  blade, 
which  is  divided  almost  to  the  base  into  two  segments, 
being  pale  green  above  and  white  below. 

MaximiliaNA,  Marlins. 

The  three  described  species  of  this  genus  are  among 
the  most  magnificent  of  the  South  American  Palms. 
Humboldt  wrote  of  M.  regia,  now  referred  to  M.  Mar- 
tiana,  that  "Nature  has  lavished  every  beauty  of  form 
on  it  ;  its  smooth  trunk,  rising  to  between  64  and  75 
feet,  its  leaves  standing  almost  vertically  in  the  air,  their 
extremities  curled  like  plumes  and  fluttering  lightly 
and  airily  round  the  slowly-balancing  midrib  of  the 
leaves."  When  young  and  stemless  this  Palm  is  both 
stately  and  graceful,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  large  ex- 
amples of  it  at  Kew,  where  it  is  planted  in  a  tub  and 
bears  twelve  leaves,  each  25  feet  long,  with  pinnse 
from  apex  to  base,  the  lower  ones  being  4  feet  6  inches 
long,  and  as  plumose  and  elegant  as  Cocos  plumosa. 
The  Maximilianas  belong  to  the  same  group  as  Cocos, 
Attalea,  and  Scheelia,  mott  of  which  are  characterised 
by  the  same  gracefulness  as  the  Maximiliana.  This 
genus  is  distinguished  by  its  tall,  erect,  smooth  stems, 
very  large  irregularly  pinnate  leaves  (Spruce  describes 
M.  regia  with  leaves  34  feet  long,  each  with  over 
400  pinnae),  the  pinnae  long,  narrow,  drooping,  and 
arranged  in  groups  of  from  three  to  five  at  intervals 
along  the  midrib,  from  which  they  stand  out  in  different 
directions,  so  as  to  form  an  immense  plume,  like  a  curled 
ostrich  feather.  The  basesof  the  petioles  are  persistent, 
often  covering  the  stem  quite  down  to  the  ground. 
The  spadices  are  very  large,  as  also  are  the  spathes, 
which  are  woody  and  boat-shaped.  Specimens  of 
spadix  and  spathe  may  be  seen  in  the  Museum  at 
Kew.  Seeds  as  in  Attalea,  but  smaller ;  they  are 
about  the  size  and  shape  of  pigeon's  eggs,  with  a  pro- 
longed tip,  and  are  smooth,  brown,  and  pulpy. 
According  to  Im  Thurn,  the  Indians  of  British  Guiana 
live  almost  entirely  on  this  pulp  in  times  of  scarcity. 
They  are  also  used  to  breed  a  kind  of  maggot  of 
which  the  Indians  are  fond.  Humboldt  compared 
these  fruits  with  Apricots.  Various  articles  of  food, 
clothing,  &c. ,  are  obtained  from  other  parts  of  this 
Palm,  which,  next  to  Mauritia  flexuosa,  is  the  most 
useful  of  all  the  Palms  of  Guiana.  Seedling  leaves 
large,  entire.  When  very  young  the  Maximilianas  are 
not  particularly  ornamental,  and  it  is  not  until  their 
leaves  are  10  feet  or  more  long  that  their  handsome 
character  is  shown.  They  require  stove  treatment 
and  plenty  of  water. 

M.  carikea,  Grisebarch  and  Wendland. — West 
Indies. 

Af.  Martiana,  Karsten  (I/,  regia,  Marlius  ; 
Attalea  Marapa,  Wendland) — "  Marcepa."  North 
Brazil  and  Guiana.  W.  W. 


\\t   m\\\h 


MAKING  HIVES,  &c. 

THOur.H  most  or  all  of  the  outdoor  work  con- 
nected with  bees  is  now  finished,  or,  at  any  rate, 
ought  to  be.  yet  the  enthusiastic  beekeeper  will  find 
plenty  of  things  to  do.  Everything  ought  to  be  put 
away  clean,  frames  ought  to  be  scraped,  as  well  as 
sections,  and  put  away  in  a  dry  place.  If  the  stocks 
have  been  doubled  up,  as  explained  previously,  the 
beekeeper  may  expect  early  swarms,  and  will  prepare 
for  them.  If  you  have  enough  hives,  or  think  you 
have  enough,  you  need  only  clean  them  out,  and 
when  they  are  thoroughly  dry  give  them  a  coat  of 
paint.  But  if  you  have  not  enough  hives  you  had 
better  take  time  by  the  forelock  and  make  them  at 
once.  This  is  far  better  than  leaving  things  till  the 
spring,  as,  in  all  probability,  you  will  then  be  so  busy 
that  the  work  would  be  scamped,  while  now  it  can  be 
done  easily  and  carefully.  At  one  time  I  could  make 
hives  well  enough,  but  had  to  call  in  the  tinman  or 
the  carpenter  to  make  the  cover  ;  but  one  lucky  day 
I  heard  of  the  Willesden  Paper  and  Canvas  Company, 
and  since  that  time  have  done  everything  for  myself 
except  the  frames. 

Willesden  paper  is  waterproof  and  rot-proof,  and  is 
also  proof  against  the  ravages  of  insects,  especially 
ants,  and  yet  it  can  be  cut  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 
You  cannot  possibly  have  better  roofs  for  hives  than 
this  paper.  The  principal  kinds  are  I-ply,  2-ply,  and 
4-ply.  The  4-ply  is  the  cheapest  and  best  roof 
covering  ;  it  is  so  stiff  that  no  boarding  is  required, 


492 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  i8 


as  it  can  be  battened  at  once.  If  you  believe  in 
■mall  hives  the  2- ply  would  be  strong  enough  ;  if 
you  like,  this  paper  can  even  be  used  for  the  sides  of 
the  hive  as  well,  and  I  have  seen  many  hives  made 
so.  It  will  also  answer  admirably  for  making  crates 
lor  sections,  for  dividers,  and  also  for  dividers  between 
the  frames  to  keep  the  honeycomb  flat,  as  recom- 
mended by  Mr.  Simmins,  of  Rottingdean.  Of  course 
in  the  latter  case  you  would  not  use  any  kind  of 
dividers  in  the  brood  nest,  but  only  between  (rames 
which  are  intended  for  the  extractor.  I  have 
found  it  an  excellent  plan  to  put  the  fiames  a  little 
farther  apart  than  the  orthodox  \\  inch  (from  centre 
to  centre)  towards  winter,  and  to  leave  them  so  till 
spring.  This  allows  the  bees  to  cluster  closer 
together  during  the  season  of  repose,  and  carries  out 
the  idea  that  the  best  "packing  for  bees  is  bees." 
In  spring  it  is  a  good  thing  to  bring  the  frames  closer 
together  to  keep  the  brood  warm — a  most  essential 
thing.  Before  the  end  of  October  cover  up  the  bees 
with  one  or  two  pieces  of  carpet  and  see  to  the  roof;. 
IValtsr  Chilly,  Pe-vsiy. 


"pORESTF^Y. 


HEDGING. 
Hedging  should  now  be  proceeded  with,  but 
"ribbing  in"  and  "heading  dawn  "  had  better  be 
deferred  a  little  till  the  ordinary  work  is  done.  Still 
keep  on  with  cleaning  the  sides  of  all  live  fences 
before  frost  and  snow  put  an  end  to  the  work. 
Ground  intended  for  the  reception  of  young  Quicks 
should  be  trenched  over  and  prepared  so  that  planting 
may  be  engaged  in  during  the  next  two  months — 
bearing  in  mind  that  as  the  Quick  is  one  of  our  earliest 
plants  to  start  into  growth,  early  winter  planting  must 
be  engaged  in.  In  hedging,  above  all  things  sharp  tools 
must  be  used,  else  a  ragged  appearance  is  imparted 
to  the  fence,  A  sharp  pruning  knife  or  switcher  in 
the  hands  of  a  dexterous  workman  is  as  good  as  any- 
thing, but  an  ordinary  labourer  who  is  unacquainted 
with  hedging  usually  employs  a  shearing  book  tied 
on  an  old  rake  handle  and  commits  havoc  that  it 
requires  years  to  repair.  It  is  therefore  as  well  to 
have  on  every  estate  two  or  thiee  practical  hedgers. 

Fencing. 

Plantation  fences,  whether  of  wood  or  stone,  will 
require  occasionally  looking  to,  as  farm  stock  will  be 
apt  to  attempt  to  enter  the  "illicit  acre"  now  that 
the  woodland  grass  is  superior  to  that  in  the  fields. 

The  old  adage  that  "  A  stitch  in  time  saves  nine" 
is  most  applicable  in  the  case  of  holes  in  fences,  &c., 
as  the  animals,  if  not  stopped  soon  in  their  attempts 
at  breaking  through,  become  a  source  of  great  trouble. 

In  repairing  stone  walls  see  that  "binders " — stones 
running  through  from  one  side  to  the  other — are  put 
in  at  short  distances  apart,  as  a  wall  without  these 
and  formed  of  small  loose  stones  is  but  little  better 
than  a  makeshift.  Later  on,  any  gaps  in  existing 
hedges  may  be  effectually  shut  up  by  inserting  good, 
strong,  bushy,  and  well-rooted  ',)uicks  in  the  openings, 
the  greatest  care  being  exercised  to  prevent  injury  to 
the  roots  of  the  adjoining  Thorns.  Loosen  the  soil 
with  a  pick — not  a  spade,  carefully  remove  it,  plant 
the  Quicks,  and  substitute  fresh  soil  from  a  field  or 
the  woodland  for  that  taken  out.  Where  the  gaps 
are  large  we  often  find  it  necessary  to  drive  in  stakes 
at  about  6  inches  apart  first  of  all,  and  afterwards  to 
plant  the  Quicks  close  to  these,  the  stakes  acting  as 
a  protection  to  the  newly  planted  Thorns  as  well  as 
preventing  the  encroachment  of  the  farm  stock. 

Trimming  Overgrown  Evergreens. 

Some  people  prefer  the  present  time  to  early  spring 
for  cutting  back  and  overhauling  evergreen  banks, 
&c.,  and  singly  planted  specimens.  In  my  opinion 
the  choice  of  time  is  not  of  great  importance,  so,  if 
time  and  hands  can  be  had,  by  all  means  let  it  be 
done  now.  Do  not  cut-in  too  severely,  for  the  frost 
sometimes  tells  tales  on  large  unhealed  wounds,  more 
especially  on  semi-tender  subjects  like  the  Laurus- 
tinus,  Sweet  Bay,  &c.  Laurel  banks  may,  however, 
be  trimmed  in  as  much  as  is  desired,  and  Yew,  &c., 
will  be  all  the  better  for  another  overhaul  before  the 
winter  sets  in.  Ornamental  nursery  hedges  might 
likewise  be  improved  by  a  second  cutting  just  now. 

We  always  make  it  a  point  to  trim  our  nursery, 
Uwn,  and   village   hedges,  twice  each  season — once 


early  in  June,  or  when  the  growths  have  attained  full 
maturity,  and  again  in  September  or  October.  Be 
careful  to  gather  up  prunings  and  have  them  burnt. 

Roads,  Walks,  and  Drives. 
These  should  be  repaired  where  necessary,  the 
metalling  mentioned  in  a  former  article  being  used  for 
the  walks.  Pick  over,  not  too  deeply,  the  parts  of 
the  roads  on  which  the  stones  are  to  be  placed,  as 
this  will  cause  them  to  set  quickly  and  well.  A 
coating  of  gravel,  or  screenings  from  a  stone-crusher 
is  a  great  help  to  consolidating  and  levelling  newly 
repaired  or  newly  constructed  roads,  and  a  still 
further  help  is  to  run  a  heavy  roller  over  the  surface 
after  a  night  of  rain.  Bye-paths  through  the  woods 
must  be  examined  and  repaired.  A,  D.  Wehster, 
Pittrhyit  Castle,  North  IVales. 


THE  FIELD  MUSHROOM  : 

Agaricus  campestris. 
The  field  Mushroom  is  now  common  in  pastures 
and  plains,  and  on  hill  and  roadsides  where  the  grass 
is  kept  short  by  the  grazing  of  sheep  and  horses,  and 
where  grass  may  be  said  to  be  growing  with  some 
little  difficulty.  The  field  Mushroom  does  not  grow 
in  meadows  or  in  any  position  where  grass  is  pre- 
served, or  where  it  grows  luxuriantly.  During  each 
autumn  correspondents  of  the    Gardeners^  Chronicle 


(see  D  in  section,  fig.  99).  The  structural  characters 
belonging  to  a  Mushroom  are  best  seen  when  an 
example  is  cut  in  two  from  top  to  bottom,  as 
shown  in  fig.  99.  The  first  point  to  be  observed 
is  the  gills ;  these  never  really  reach  the  stem, 
but  remain  free  fi«m  it,  as  at  A,  a.  It  should 
be  noted  that  the  frill  belonging  to  the  stem  reaches 
to  the  base,  as  at  B,  in  young  examples,  and  that  it 
at  first  entirely  hides  the  gills  (see  c,  D,  as  shown  in 
the  smaller  section).  It  then  breaks  apart,  as  shown 
at  c,  D,  in  the  larger  section,  which  represents  a 
mature  example.  The  frill  or  veil  is  continuous  over 
the  top  of  the  Mushroom,  as  at  E,  E,  and  it  is  this 
veil  which  is  peeled  off  before  cooking  is  commenced. 
The  possibility  of  peeling  the  top  of  a  Mushroom  is 
one  test  of  its  genuineness.  The  purple-black  spores 
which  answer  the  purpose  of  seeds  are  very  minute, 
and  if  enlarged  500  diameters  are  seen  as  at  F. 

It  is  possible  that  the  Horse  Mushroom  and  field 
Mushroom  may  be  one  and  the  same  plant  under 
different  conditions  of  growth,  for  one  species  gradually 
blends  into  the  other.  Both  have  many  varieties. 
One  certain  fact  is  that  the  bedding  Mushroom, 
raised  from  Mushroom  spawn,  is  not  the  true  Agaricus 
campestris,  but  a  variety  sometimes  named  A.  hot- 
tensis  or  other  names.  The  bedding  variety  may  be 
a  distinct  form  of  A.  campestris  or  of  A.  arvensis. 
From  what  one  sees  of  the  habit  of  true  A.  campestris 
it  does  not  seem  to  be  a  species  likely  to  revel  on  a 
bed  of  dung  and  earth  ;  the  Horse  Mushroom,  on  the 


Fig.  99.— section  of  agaricus  campestris. 


are  constantly  sending  doubtful  examples  of  Mush- 
rooms for  an  opinion  as  to  their  genuineness  or  bad- 
ness. In  the  majority  of  instances  the  specimens 
sent  are  true  Mushrooms,  but  in  some  cases  other 
fungi  are  sent,  sometimes  very  different  from  the 
genuine  Mushroom.  At  times  the  examples  are 
from  Mushroom  beds,  in  other  instances  from  fields. 
One  cause  for  doubt  originates  with  the  Mushroom 
itself,  for  it  is  an  extremely  variable  plant,  differing 
in  its  various  forms  immensely  both  in  colour,  size,  and 
taste.  It  however  alters  very  little  in  structure,  or,  if 
the  expression  may  be  allowed,  in  design.  The  general 
design  is  well  fixed,  the  variation  rests  in  the  proportions 
of  the  parts  and  their  tints.  Like  all  other  esculents. 
Mushrooms  vary  in  quality.  As  a  rule  Mushrooms 
are  small  and  elegant  plants,  not  larger,  but  often 
smaller,  than  the  group  shown  in  the  illustration. 
Very  large  or  gigantic  field  Mushrooms  are  almost  or 
quite  unknown  ;  the  gigantic  Mushrooms  sometimes 
described  in  newspapers  belong  to  the  coarse  and 
inferior  Horse  Mushroom,  Agaricus  arvensis.  The 
nature  of  the  frill  which  encircles  the  stem  of  a  true 
Mushroom  is  shown  in  the  illustration  (fig.  99),  and 
the  gills  are  at  first  white,  then  pale  rose-salmon,  and 
at  length  purple-black.  The  gills  of  the  Horse 
Mushroom  change  to  a  pallid  clay  colour,  and  then 
become  black.  The  change  of  colour  is  caused  by 
the  gradual,  and  at  length  profuse,  growth  of  the 
spores,  which  at  length  cover  the  surfaces  of  the  gills. 
It  is  the  spores  that  really  change  colour,  not  the  gills 
themselves.  The  frill  which  encircles  the  stem  reaches 
to  the  edge  of  the  cap,  where  traces  of  it  may  always 
be  seen  hanging  below  the  general  level  of  the  gills 


contrary,  commonly  grows  in  close  juxtaposition  with 
dung.  If  it  can  be  proved  that  the  spores  of  the  true 
Mushroom  will  leally  grow  in  dung,  it  must  be  con- 
ceded that  ^in  so  growing  the  resulting  species 
becomes  the  Horse  Mushroom,  or,  in  other  words,  the 
two  species  are  identical,  but  possess  slightly  different 
characters  on  different  habitats.  With  the  difference 
of  habit  a  great  change  may  be  observed  in  the  taste, 
for  the  tastes  of  a  bed  Mushroom  and  field  Mushroom 
are  hardly  comparable,  the  latter  being  beyond 
measure  the  better,  more  tender,  more  delicious 
and  juicy  of  the  two.  The  Mushroom  bed  is  a  fertile 
breeder  of  parasites  and  Mushroom  diseases  :  it  often 
swarms  with  microscopic  thread-worms  (Nematodes)  : 
these  minute  worms  enter  the  Mushroom  at  the  base 
of  the  stem,  and  soon  infest  every  part  of  the  fungus  ; 
they  are,  of  course,  invisible  to  the  unaided  eyes,  but 
only  too  familiar  to  persons  who  are  frequently  look- 
ing at  Mushrooms  in  health  and  disease,  and  in  all 
stages  of  growth,  with  the  aid  of  the  microscope.  A 
diseased  Mushroom  is  always  unwholesome  (like  a 
diseased  oyster  or  crab),  and  it  may  prove  poisonous. 
It  would  seem  desirable  to  attempt  the  artificial 
cultivation  of  some  of  the  more  fleshy  and  delicious 
varieties  of  Agaricus  campestris,  but  if  grown  on  the 
usual  Mushroom  bed  they  would  probably  degenerate 
into  the  inferior  and  coarse  bed  Mushroom.  It  would 
probably  be  difficult  to  artificially  imitate  the  habitats 
of  some  varieties — -the  sweet  pure  breezy  air  of  hills 
and  commons  is  so  different  from  the  confined  air, 
laden  with  vapours  from  dung,  such  as  one  meets  with 
in  Mushroom  sheds.  In  the  Rev.  John  Stevenson's 
excellent   new  work  on    British  fungi,  he  says  the 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


493 


Mushroom  grows  "in  meadows,  &c. "  I  have  never 
seen  one  in  a  meadow,  but  always  in  short  pastures, 
and  on  plains  and  hills  and  roadsides,  where  the 
grass  is  constantly  nibbled  short  by  grazing  animals. 
Several  varieties  of  the  Mushroom  and  several  allied 
species  turn  rufescent  or  even  blood-red  when  cut  or 
broken.  The  change  of  colour  generally  causes  sur- 
prise, and  sometimes  suspicion  ;  but  the  variety  ol  the 
true  Mushroom  which  turns  crimson,  sometimes  pale, 
sometimes  dark,  is  probably  superior  to  the  type  in 
taste.  The  Horse  Mushroom  and  its  varieties 
commonly  change  to  yellow  or  yellowish-brown 
when  cut  or  broken  ;  so  does  the  bed  Mushroom. 


AUTUMN    TINTS. 

In  modern  landscape  gardening  too  little  attention 
is  paid  to  the  value  of  deciduous  trees  in  producing 
effect.  In  recent  years  great  importance  has  been 
attached  to  the  planting  of  evergreen  trees,  chiefly 
Conifers,  a  class,  without  doubt  productive  of  excel- 
lent results  when  judiciously  arranged,  and  planted  at 
proper  distances  so  as  to  ensure  their  perfect  and 
natural  development.  But  they  should  not  be 
allowed  to  monopolise  the  parks  and  pleasure  grounds 
of  an  estate  to  the  exclusion  of  native  and  exotic 
deciduous  trees  that  play  their  part  so  conspicuously 


FlS.  100.— AGARICUS  CAMPESTRIS  :    THE  FIELD  MUSHROOM. 


There  are  six  or  more  species  of  firitish  fungi  all 
closely  allied  to  the  true  Mushroom,  and  all  edible. 
Some  of  these  species  have  many  very  distinct  varie- 
ties. Varieties  and  species  alike  have  a  strong  ten- 
dency to  blend  with  each  other  in  various  ways.  The 
structure  of  all,  however,  is  permanent,  and  agrees 
with  the  outline  sections  given  with  this  description. 
Worthingtcn  G.  Smith,  Dunstable. 


Henna,  the  pulverised  leaves  of  Lawsonia 
alba,  is  an  article  of  export  from  Persia  to  all 
Mahommedan  countries.  The  best  comes  from 
Chabir,  east  of  Kerman,  and  it  contains  about  five  or 
six  times  more  dye-stuff  than  any  other.  It  costs  on 
the  spot  about  t)d.  per  pound,  English,  and  second 
quality  about  Td, 


with  every  changing  season.  Compare  the  sober 
tints  of  spring,  the  deeper  shades  of  summer,  and  the 
fading  glories  in  yellow,  brown,  crimson  and  ochreate 
hues  of  deciduous  trees  in  autumn  with  the  perennial 
green  in  one  or  other  shade  of  most  Conifers,  and  it 
will  be  seen  by  any  unprejudiced  eye  that  the  former 
appeal  with  no  uncertain  though  silent  call  for  our 
recognition.  The  form  is  endless  and  the  habit 
varied,  but  the  changing  hues  of  autumn  form  a 
study  in  themselves  that  defy  the  brush  of  the  most 
skilful  artist.  Individuals  are  extremely  dissimilar  in 
the  time  of  shedding  and  depth  of  colouring  of  the 
foliage,  due  partly  to  soil,  situation,  exposure,  and 
other  conditions.  Climatic  influence  is  a  powerful  agent 
in  modifying  the  time  and  depth  of  coloration.  In 
evidence  of  this  witness  the  crimson  and  glowing  red 
of  Berberis  aquifolium  it  may  be  after  a  single  frosty 


night,  although  it  takes  some  considerable  time  to 
regain  its  wonted  green  colour  on  the  return  of  spring 
and  a  milder  temperature.  Thuiagigantea,  Retinospora 
squarrosa,  and  Cryptomeria  elegans,  may  also  be 
cited  as  familiar  and  well-known  instances  amongst 
Conifers,  that  assume  a  characteristic  brown  hue  in 
winter. 

The  cold  and  chilly  nights  of  the  latter  end  of 
September  and  October  seem  to  have  the  effect  of 
hastening  the  brilliant  coloration,  so  strikingly  charac- 
teristic of  the  decaying  foliage  of  Liquidambar  styra- 
ciflua.  Trees  in  open,  exposed  places  assume  tints  of 
great  richness,  while  those  that  are  sheltered  by  other 
and  taller  trees  retain  their  summer  coloration  of  the 
foliage  much  later  into  the  autumn,  and  if  frost  suddenly 
sets  in  they  may  drop  while  comparatively  green.  The 
numerous  shades  of  colour  on  the  same  tree  are  also 
noteworthy.  The  upper  surface  of  a  leaf  may  be  of 
the  deepest  blood-red,  while  the  under-surlace  is 
green ;  and  this  precedes  another  stage,  where  the 
upper  surface  is  of  the  liveliest  and  warmest  crimson, 
almost  scarlet,  with  the  under-surface  yellow,  and 
uniformly  difiused,  or  more  or  less  broken  into  zones 
or  blotches.  What  applies  to  this  tree  with  regard 
to  exposure  applies  in  a  similar  manner  to  Parroti» 
persica,  by  some  authorities  considered  as  genealogi- 
cally allied,  and  these  again  with  the  Plane.  The 
decaying  foliage  of  the  latter  is  characterised 
by  more  sober  tints  of  pale  brown  and  yellow. 
Grown  as  a  tree  in  the  open,  the  Parrotia  is 
all  aglow  with  yellow  and  crimson  or  red  by  the  end 
of  September,  exhibiting  a  more  universal  coloration 
and  shedding  its  leaves  earlier  than  plants  grown 
against  a  wall. 

The  red  American  Oaks  form  quite  a  series  of 
trees  assuming  in  several  instances  tints  as  rich 
and  varied  as  the  Liquidambar,  but  which  unfor- 
tunately have  been  greatly  neglected  in  landscape 
gardening  since  the  days  of  Loudon  who  used  so  fre- 
quently to  refer  to  the  rich  collections  at  Chiswick, 
Syon,  and  Hackney,  part  of  the  first-named  collec- 
tion being  still  preserved  at  Devonhurst.  The  huge 
lobed  leaves  of  Quercus  coccinea  die  off  of  a  dull  pur- 
plish-red, finally  becoming  yellow  and  pale  brown  be- 
fore dropping.  Those  oi  Q.  coccinea  and  Q.  palustris 
are  handsomely  cut  and  laciniated,  and  on  the  ap- 
proach of  cold  weather  assume  unmistakable  tints  of 
red  deepening  to  scarlet.  Another  tree  worthy  of 
special  mention  is  Q.  tinctoria,  with  broader  and  more 
massive  leaves,  the  uppermost  and  youngest  of  which 
are  the  first  to  colour,  forming  crimson  and  green 
rosettes  where  the  shoots  have  been  late  in  maturing 
or  have  formed  a  second  growth.  It  is  sometimes 
known  as  0-  quercitron,  and  specimens  under  both 
names  may  be  seen  in  the  extensive  collection 
at  Kew.  Q.  ambigua,  with  deeply  lobed  leaves, 
and  Q.  imbricaria,  with  oblong  entire  leaves,  also 
assume  handsome  crimson  or  red  colours  early  in  the 
season. 

Trees  of  more  sober  hues,  including  our  native 
ones,  play  an  important  part  in  landscape  scenery ; 
and  the  sere  and  yellow  leaf  of  Tilia  vulgaris  serves  to 
deepen  by  contrast  the  verdant  tint  of  those  that  ripen 
later,  or  such  as  Populus  nigra,  P.  balsamifera,  Acer 
Pseudo-Platanus,  and  the  sombre  hue  of  Conifers 
generally.  The  Tilia  in  question  is  but  too  frequently 
planted  in  the  streets  of  London,  where  the  dryness  of 
the  climate  hastens  the  fall  of  the  leaf  early  in  Sep- 
tember in  dry,  hot  seasons,  and  where  the  murderous 
hacking  to  which  it  is  frequently  subjected  to  keep  it  in 
bounds  renders  the  tree  a  hideous  object  of  pity.  T. 
petiolaris,  a  handsomely  drooping  tree,  from  the 
Crimea,  with  long  slender  petioles,  and  foliage  white 
beneath,  is  even  more  attractive  in  autumn  when 
thickly  interspersed  with  leaves  of  a  clear  rich  canary- 
yellow.  Those  of  the  Beech  become  first  yellow  and 
then  of  a  rich  shining  brown  previously  to  their  final 
dull  brown  stage.  Who  has  not  observed  the  young 
unfolding  leaves  of  Populus  nigra,  a  mixture  of  red 
and  yellow,  after  most  trees  have  been  in  leaf  for  some 
time,  changing  to  a  deep  shining  green,  and  ultimately 
changing  to  pale  yellow  before  they  fall  ?  The  cleat 
pale  yellow  of  Acer  platanoides,  and  the  browo, 
heavily  blotched,  mature  and  falling  leaves  of  Acer 
Pseudo-Platanus  are  familiar  objects  in  hedges,  wood- 
land, and  avenue  scenery.  The  red  and  bronzy 
leaves  of  Vitis  tricuspidata  (Veitchi),  especially  in 
the  upper  reaches  of  tall  climbing  plants,  and  the 
glowing  crimson  and  flame  colour  of  dift'erent  in- 
dividuals of  V.  hederacea,  together  with  hosts  of 
other  subjects,  must  not  be  forgotten  in  an  enumera- 
tion of  autumn  tints.  J.  F. 


494 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE- 


[October  i6,  i8 


NOTES  FROM  ASHTON  COURT. 

In  the  new  winter  garden  here  the  plants  have 
made  good  growth.  The  rockwork  with  which  the 
walls  are  (aced  and  the  margin  of  the  irregular 
crescent-shaped  pool  is  now  well  clothed  ;  the  Ferns, 
Lycopodiums,  Begonias,  and  other  things  planted 
out  have  progressed  apace,  so  that  the  whole  has  a 
fully  furnished  appearance.  The  tufa  and  walet- 
worn  stone  from  the  Cheddar  Valley  used  is  con- 
genial to  the  growth  of  the  native  mosses,  that  have 
been  freely  employed — the  mellow  colours  of  which 
aids  much  to  the  general  effect.  In  choosing  the 
plants  for  planting  care  was  taken  to  confine  the 
selection  to  such  kinds  as  would  maintain  an  even 
growth,  so  that  the  too  common  result  in  such 
arrangements,  of  a  few  over-vigorous  growers  smother- 
ing the  rest,  has  been  avoided.  Of  Ferns,  Adian- 
luras,  Davallias,  Pteris  scaberula,  and  others  of  like 
habir,  have  been  used  as  a  setting  for  Nephrolepis 
exaltata  and  other  elegant  habited  sorts,  intermixed 
with  silvery-leaved  Begonias,  Aspidistras,  &c. 
Richardia  athiopica  is  at  home  round  the  edge 
of  the  pool,  where,  either  in  or  out  of  flower, 
it  looks  well.  The  caps  of  the  columns  that 
support  the  arches  on  which  rest  the  walls  have 
been  hollowed  out  so  as  to  hold  enough  soil  to  grow 
such  things  as  the  variegated  Tradescantias  and  other 
trailing  habited  subjects.  Hanging  baskets  are  filled 
with  Lycopodiums,  Adiantums,  and  Nephrolepis  of 
various  kinds,  Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums,  and  Ficus 
repens,  with  a  few  plants  of  blue  Lobelia  here  and 
there  to  give  a  bit  of  colour.  In  one  of  the  recesses 
where  there  is  comparatively  little  light  the  wall  is 
clothed  with  a  plant  of  one  of  the  ordinary  fruiting 
Figs  that  does  well  in  the  situation.  The  roof  is 
getting  nicely  draped  with  such  thinns  as  Acacia 
aiceana,  Passifloras,  Asparagus  plumosus,  the  green 
and  the  variegated  varieties  of  Coboei  scandens,  the 
two  latter  kept  thin,  so  as  not  to  darken  the  plants 
below  too  much.  Right  and  left  of  the  aviary, 
which  occupies  a  central  position  at  one  side  of  the 
house,  there  is  a  handsome  pair  of  Arauc^ria  excelsa, 
about  15  feet  high,  in  pots  ;  they  just  suit  the  position, 
associating  well  with  the  other  large  plants  employed. 
Spare  elegant  habited  Palms,  such  as  Cocos  Weddel- 
liana,  wiihCycas  revoluta  and  Dasylirion  acrolrichum 
occupy  prominent  positions.  Amongst  the  larger 
growing  plants  the  somewhat  scarce  variegated  leaved 
Camellia,  C.  japonica  variegata,  is  represented  by  a 
fine  pyramid-shaped  specimen  some  7  feet  high. 
Flowering  plants  of  such  things  as  happen  to  be  in 
season,  to  give  the  requisite  amount  of  colour,  are 
introduced  amongst  the  fine-leaved  kinds,  which 
latter  necessarily,  in  a  structure  of  this  character,  play 
the  most  important  part. 

The  conservatory  was  gay  with  the  usual  summer 
flowering  subjects  associated  with  the  permanent 
occupants  of  the  house.  A  pretty  effect  in  combina- 
tion of  colour  was  here  secured  by  running  the  shoots 
of  one  of  the  crimson- flowered  Tacsonias  amongst 
those  of  the  variegated  Cobcea  scandens,  the  creamy- 
coloured  foliage  of  which  set  off  the  brilliant  flowers 
of  the  Tacsonia. 

Bouvardias  and  perpetual  flowering  Carnations  may 
be  said  to  be  indispensable  where  a  supply  of  sweet- 
scented  flowers  is  required  through  the  winter.  Mr. 
Bethell,  who  is  very  successful  with  these  favourite 
flowers,  turns  the  plants  out  in  pits  in  the  spring  ; 
the  beds  are  well  raised,  so  as  to  keep  their  heads  up 
to  the  glasp.  Good,  well-established  stock  are  used 
and  encouraged  to  make  as  much  growth  as  possible 
durin'^  the  summer ;  the  plants  remain  here  to  bloom, 
heat  being  turned  on.  and  regulated  as  required.  So 
treated  an  amount  of  bloom  is  secured  such  as  pot- 
grown  plants  will  not  produce. 

Fruit. 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  in  the  early  house  were  a 
grand  crop,  both  as  regards  the  siie  and  quantity  of 
the  fruit.  The  second  house  was  of  a  similar  character. 
In  one  of  the  lean-to  houses  in  the  Peach  range  occu- 
pied by  Black  Hamburgh  Vines,  there  was  a  fine 
crop  just  ripe,  full-sized  bunches,  beautifully  coloured. 
In  the  Muicat-house,  and  also  in  the  house  containing 
late  black  kinds— Black  Alicante,  Lady  Downe's,  and 
Alnwick  Seedling — good  crops  were  approaching 
maturity  ;  of  the  last  named  shy  setting  variety  there 
were  some  handsome  bunches.  Here,  as  in  not  a 
few  places.  Pines  have  been  given  up,  and  Melons 
have   taken  their  place,     Of  these  there  are  large 


quantities  grown,  so  as  to  keep  up  a  supply  from  as 
early  in  the  season  as  they  can  be  had,  up  to  the  end 
of  summer.  There  was  a  fine  lot  of  ripe  fruit,  whilst 
the  plants  to  come  on  were  promising. 

Flower  Garden. 
Here,  as  in  most  places  this  season,  bedding  plants 
after  being  put  out  were  so  chilled  by  the  continued 
cold  weather  that  they  made  little  or  no  progress  at 
first,  but  the  lost  time  has  been  recovered  so  that 
the  flower  garden  was  fully  furnished  later  on.  The 
style  of  planting  adopted  by  Mr.  Bethell  is  such  as 
calculated  to  avoid  the  stereotyped  sameness  which 
is  one  of  the  worst  features  of  modern  flower  garden- 
ing. Most  of  the  beds  are  filled  with  a  combination 
of  various  kinds  of  plants  differing  in  habit  and  in 
the  colour  of  their  flowers,  avoiding  so  far  as  possible 
violent  contrasts.  Enough  of  the  higher  colours 
have  been  introduced  to  give  the  requisite  warmth  to 
the  floral  picture,  yet  subdued  shades  predominate  in 
the  beds  that  are  occupied  by  the  ordinary  flowering 
plants,  as  in  the  carpet  arrangements.  The  effects 
produced  by  combinations  such  as  purple  Verbena 
and  the  old  Mangles'  variegated  Pelargonium,  as 
seen  here  are  not  easily  beaten.    T,  B. 


l(ri[iats'    Jlour^rs. 


WINTER  FLOWERtNG  CARN.^TIONS  AND 
PICOTEES. 

At  the  end  of  last  year  some  doubt  was  expressed, 
in  the  columns  of  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle,  as  to  per- 
petual or  Tree  Carnations  blooming  in  the  autumn 
months,  and  through  December,  January,  and 
February.  Mr.  Turner  asserts  that  a  large  number 
of  the  named  varieties  in  his  collection  will  do  this  ; 
and  it  is  also  stated  that  the  varieties  that  are  winter- 
bloomers  are  very  few  indeed.  I  think  any  one  visit- 
ing the  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  durmg  November 
and  December,  will  see  a  house  of  winter-flowering 
Carnations  yielding  bloom.  Be  this  as  it  may;  Mr. 
Harry  Turner  appears  to  have  hit  upon  an  admirable 
plan  for  securing  a  good  bloom  of  these  Carnations 
during  the  dull  season  of  the  year.  In  January  last 
some  seed  of  winter-flowering  Carnation  was  sown, 
and  the  pans  placed  in  a  warm  greenhouse,  with  the 
result  that  the  seeds  germinated  quickly  ;  the  young 
plants  were  grown  on,  and  planted  out  in  prepared 
beds  in  the  open  ground  in  March.  Three  beds  were 
planted  out,  about  703  plants  being  placed  in  each. 
The  plants  are  now  either  in  bloom,  or  very  near 
flowering,  and  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  cases  of 
plants  not  flowering  are  very  few  and  far  between. 
Mr.  Turner  states  the  plants  will  be  lifted,  placed  in 
pots,  and  arranged  in  a  house  that  can  be  heated  when 
it  is  necessary  to  keep  out  frost  and  dry  up  damp. 
That  these  plants  will  bloom  — and  bloom  abundantly, 
too — all  through  the  autumn  and  winter,  there  can  be 
no  doubt.  They  have  all  the  vigour  characteristic  of 
seedlings  ;  they  will  be  lifted  with  good  balls  of  soil 
adhering  to  the  roots,  and  be  put  into  pots  only  just 
large  enough  to  take  them.  Here,  then,  we  seem  to 
have  a  happy  method  by  which  a  head  of  bloom  on 
winter-flowering  Carn.itions  can  be  secured  just  when 
it  is  most  needed.  That  these  plants  will  ma'ure 
their  blooms  there  can  be  no  doubt ;  but  they  will 
have  the  advantage  of  being  in  a  house  by  themselves, 
where  they  can  have  the  treatment  lh;y  require. 
Probably  the  difficulty  that  some  experience  in  bloom- 
ing these  Tree  Carnations  in  midwinter  is  because 
they  have  to  grow  them  in  a  house  with  other  plants 
in  an  atmosphere  too  close  for  them. 

I  could  not  help  being  struck  with  the  fine  quality 
shown  by  these  seedlings.  If  seed  can  be  obtained 
that  will  produce  flowers  of  such  quality  as  those  seen 
in  the  seed-beds  at  Slough,  then  the  distinguishing  of 
many  particularly  good  varieties  by  naming  them  will 
be  rendered  unnecessary,  as  it  is  in  the  case  of  Cal- 
ceolarias, Cinerarias,  &c.  There  were  fifty  flowers 
that  appeared  to  be  worthy  of  names  ;  but,  as  Mr. 
Turner  observed,  if  he  commenced  naming,  his  diffi- 
culty would  be  where  to  stop. 

By  the  side  of  these  beds  was  another  raised  from 
seeds  sown  in  the  ordinary  way  in  March.  These 
were  much  later,  but  the  seedlings  had  made  good 
plants,  and  Mr.  Turner  staled  that  he  should  lift  these 
also,  pot  them,  place  them  in  a  cold  frame  for  a  time, 
and  be  anticipated   they   would   all,   or  nearly  all, 


flower  in  early  spring.  If  this  be  so  then  we  are  not 
far  off  from  the  time  when  we  may  expect  to  have 
Carnations  and  Picotees  in  bloom  all  the  year  round, 
for  -Mr.  Turner  has  demonstrated  that  by  means  of 
seed  sown  in  heat  in  January  Tree  Carna'ions  can  be 
had  in  flower  very  soon  after  the  ordinary  summer 
varieties  have  done  blooming,  and  those  that  will 
bloom  in  spring  will  cany  on  the  floral  succession 
until  the  summer  flowering  bizarres,  flakes,  selfs,  and 
fancies,  and  all  the  sections  of  Picotees,  together  with 
the  many  border  sorts,  will  be  making  June,  July, 
and  August  glorious  with  their  fine  scented  blossoms. 
It  will  thus  rival,  even  if  it  does  not  excel,  the  Chry- 
santhemum in  its  perennial  duration  of  flower.   R.  D. 

Carnations  and  Picotees. 
Mr.  E  S.  Dodwell  recently  stated,  in  a  communica- 
tion 10  a  friend  who  sought  his  direction  as  to  the 
best  date  for  potting  up  the  layers  for  the  winter : 
"If  I  could  have  4000  potted  up  in  one  day,  I 
should  choose  October  20  for  the  operation,  but  that 
not  being  possible,  we  work  from  the  beginning  to 
th«  end  of  the  month,  or  even  into  the  first  ten  days 
of  November."  Happily,  this  is  work  that  can  be 
done  under  cover  ;  and  if  wet  weather  has  set  in, 
some  of  the  pots  or  layers  should  be  got  under  cover 
a  day  or  two  previous  at  least,  so  that  the  rain  can 
drain  from  these.  Mr.  Dodwell  regards  premature 
potting  as  a  "  grievous  evil,"  and  he  remarks  "  all 
that  is  required  is  that  the  plants  shall  freely  feel  the 
sides  of  the  pots  with  their  roots,  so  as  to  ensure 
perfect  drainage  and  sweetened  soil  before  going  off 
for  their  winter's  sleep  ;  but  on  no  account  should 
they  become  pot-bound,  or  the  very  worst  evil  may 
be  expected  to  result  ;"  and  it  may  be  of  interest  for 
some  if  I  quote  a  little  further:  "The  soil  required 
is  a  good  sweet  sandy  loam,  with  the  addition  of  a 
fifth  or  sixth  part  of  sweet  leaf-mould,  and  such  well- 
washed  sand  or  pounded  crocks  as  may  be  needed  to 
ensure  a  free  percolation  of  air  and  water.  Various 
sized  pots  should  be  used,  according  to  the  strength 
of  the  plants.  Over-potting  is  a  great  evil.  When 
potted,  place  in  a  cold  frame  and  keep  close  fir  some 
days,  shading  from  the  bright  sun.  Water  sparingly.' 
R.  D. 


Jree3 


AND 


^HF^UB3. 


GLEDITSCHIA. 
Independently  of  the  beauty  of  the  trees  belong- 
ing to  this  genus,  they  are  singular  and  interesting  in 
many  respects  on  account  of  their  habit  of  producing 
spines  on  the  lower  part  of  young  trees  and  also  on 
the  trunks  of  older  ones,  while  the  leaves  are  not  only 
pinnate  and  bipinnate  on  the  same  tree,  but  on  the 
same  branch,  and  this  character  even  is  displayed  very 
frequently  on  one  and  the  same  leaf.  In  the  economy 
of  the  plant  this  varied  character  of  the  leaves  is, 
no  doubt,  a  facile  and  ready  method  of  adap- 
tation to  conditions  and  surroundings.  On  slow 
growing  specimens  and  on  the  basal  parts  of 
branches  where  the  internodes  are  short,  and 
again  on  old  trees  making  but  little  growth,  the 
most  predominant  leaf  is  the  simply  pinnate  form  ; 
but  on  vigorous  growing  young  trees  and  on  the  upper 
part  of  vigorous  branches  the  bipinnate  leaf  is  the 
prevailing  form,  and  gives  the  tree  an  uncommonly 
handsome  appearance.  Excepting  in  a  few  favoured  old 
places,  Cvimparatively  seldom  do  we  find  the  Gledits- 
chia  enjoying  that  prominence  in  a  landscape  to  which 
its  uncommon  and  graceful  character  entitles  it.  At 
Devonhurst,  the  grounds  of  which  formerly  constituted 
the  pleasure-grounds  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  are  three  tree-,  forming  part  of  the  once  rich 
collection  which  happily  yet  exists  in  a  goodly  number 
of  fineoldspecimens.  Thebulkof  theseareOaks,  Elms, 
Maples,  and  Limes,  rather  thickly  planted  in  places, 
but  still  enjoying  robust  and  vigorous  health.  The 
tallest  o(  the  three  Gleditschias  is  the  Honey  Locust, 
G.  triacanthos,  a  most  variable  tree,  and  often  with 
difficulty  recognisable  under  different  conditions. 
This  generally  applies  to  young  as  contrasted  with  old 
trees,  the  former  of  which  often  assume  a  very  leafy 
state,  with  numerous  bipinnate  leaves  and  small 
leaflets.  This  character  disappears  more  or  less  in 
old  specimens,  and  then  they  have  the  addition  of 
their  singular  scimitar-shaped,  pendulous,  flat,  reddish- 
brown  pods,  as  in  the  present  instance.  The  other 
two  specimens  under  notice  are  G.  sinensis,  inferior  in 
height  to  G.  triacanthos,  especially  the  smaller,  more 


October  i6,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


495 


lypical,  and  shiny  one,  which  forms  a  spreading  head, 
and  does  not  exceed  25  feet  in  height.  This  lalter  is 
bearing  numerous  pendent  pods — in  this  instance 
green  ;  and,  owing  to  the  spiny  character  of  the  other- 
wise nalved  trunk,  it  is  the  most  interesting  of  the 
group.  Fresh  branching  spines,  which  are  in  reality 
aborted  branches,  continue  to  be  given  out  annually, 
and,  being  green,  make  a  conspicuous  contrast  with 
the  formidable  looking  brown  and  dead  ones.  The 
leaves  are  equally  variable  as  are  those  of  G.  tria- 
canthos,  and  the  leaflets  much  broader,  ovate-elliptical, 
obtuse.  The  third  tree,  which  is  intermediate  in 
height  between  the  other  two,  would  seem  to  be  a 
semi-spineless  variety  of  G.  sinensis,  although  Loudon 
states  it  to  be  dwarfer  than  the  type.  The  five  or  six 
species  composing  the  genus  are  extremely  difficult  to 
discriminate  on  account  of  their  variability.  7.  F. 

FiTZROYA   PATAGONICA. 

We  have  a  good  specimen  of  this  growing  in  the 
pinetum  here  j  it  is  from  20  to  25  feet  high,  and  is 
well  furnished  with  its  dense  small  growth  ;  it  stands 
in  a  position  very  much  protected  from  all  the  cold 
winds  and  frosts.  It  is  of  very  slow  growth,  but  is 
deserving  of  a  place  amongst  a  collection  of  Conifers, 
it  being  very  distinct  from  any  other  species. 

Sequoia  sempervirens. 
There  is  a  specimen  of  this  growing  in  the  pleasure- 
grounds  here ;  it  has  probably  been  planted  from 
thirty  to  thirty-five  years,  which  is  from  60  to  70  feet 
high,  and  girths  8  feet  at  5  feet  from  the  ground, 
is  well  branched  from  top  to  bottom,  and  is  a  hand- 
some object  as  seen  from  the  carriage-drive.  EJward 
Ward,  HrMll  Gardens,  Bromsqrove. 

Cedars  at  Beechwood  Park,  Herts. 
Noting  the  measurements  of  Cedars  at  Eretby  Park 
and  Bayfordbury,  it  may  be  interesting  to  some  to 
know  we  are  here  somewhat  famous  for  Cedars. 
There  are  eight  fine  trees  growing  near  the  mansion, 
the  girths  at  5  feet  o(  which  are  as  follows  :  — No.  I, 
15  feet  ;  2,  15  feet  9  inches  ;  3,  17  feet  6  inches  ;  4, 
iS  feet  6  inches  ;  5,  19  feet  ;  6,  20  feet ;  7,  2i  feet  ; 
8,  26  feet.  The  tallest  of  them  are  about  100  feet 
high.  No.  8  is  a  grand  old  tree.  I  hope  to  be  able 
to  get  a  photograph  of  it  after  the  fall  of  the  leaf,  as 
it  is  surrounded  by  other  trees.  Some  of  the  trees 
have  suffered  from  wind  and  heavy  falls  of  snow,  but 
those  thai  have  escaped  with  but  little  injury  are  still 
handsome  trees,  I  do  not  know  if  it  is  common  for 
these  trees  to  ripen  seed  in  this  country.  I  have  two 
seedlings  I  raised  about  fifteen  years  ago  :  the  tallest 
is  now  15  feet  high.  [Seedling  plants  of  all  ages 
come  up  all  over  the  grounds  at  Bayfordbury.  Ed] 
y.  Frciinan,  Beechwood,  Oct,  \i. 


mm\x 


Hpeii 


BULBS,    TUBF.RS,    &c. 

In  planting  Scillas,  Grape  Hyacinths,  winter 
Aconites,  and  hosts  of  other  hardy  bulbs  are  often 
planted  without  effect,  from  being  put  too  wide  apart. 
If  planted  in  lines,  two  or  three  lines  should  be 
planted  side  by  side  ;  if  in  clumps,  three  to  four  or 
five  dozen  should  be  planted  in  a  circle  about  i^  to 
3  inches  apart,  according  to  the  spread  of  the  foliage. 
Where  soil  and  situation  are  light  and  dry  Ranun- 
culus and  Anemones  may  now  be  planted,  but  in  cold 
heavy  soils  this  had  better  be  deferred  till  February  ; 
but  if  the  situation  be  well  adapted  for  autumn  plant- 
ing the  plants  will  be  much  stronger,  and  will  flower 
more  satisfactorily  than  spring  planted  ones. 

Jonquils  never  flower  well  the  first  year  after  plant- 
ing. It  is  better  to  let  them  remain  undisturbed  for 
three  or  four  years.  Irises  should  now  be  planted  ; 
the  sooner  this  is  done  the  stronger  will  they  flower ; 
those  which  have  been  planted  for  two  or  three  years 
should  not  be  disturbed.  A  good  top-dressing  will 
be  all  that  is  necessary  for  the  latter. 

Narcissus  should  not  be  disturbed  unless  they  have 
become  densely  matted  together ;  once  in  five  years 
will  be  often  enough  to  separate  them.  The  sooner 
the  operation  the  better,  as  they  will  soon  begin  to 
emit  fresh  roots.  A  liberal  addition  of  well-rotted 
cow-dung  and  fresh  soil  should  be  given  to  the  beds 
previous  to  replanting. 


Liliums  should  be  planted  as  soon  as  received';  if 
allowed  to  become  flaccid  through  light  and  drought 
they  sustain  serious  injury.  L.  auratum,  and  miny 
others  of  the  belter  sorts,  succeed  admirably  planted 
in  Rhododendron  and  other  peat  beds  ;  they  should, 
however,  receive  slight  protection  with  dry  leaves  in 
severe  weather. 

Auriculas  should  now  be  housed  for  the  winter. 
Carefully  examine  the  drainage  of  each  pot  to  see  all 
is  right ;  remove  moss  and  other  weeds  from  the  soil, 
carefully  guard  against  a  stagnant  slate  of  the 
atmosphere,  and  do  not  over-water  them. 

The  same  applies  to  other  alpine  plants  in  pots. 
Ttie  sashes  should  be  placed  over  them  during  fogs 
and  rains.    IVm.  M.  Bail/ic,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens, 


pLAJ^T?  AND  THEIR  ;PuLTUF?E. 


THE  STOVE. 
Where  room  is  limited  much  may  be  done  to 
increase  it  by  taking  from  their  trellises  such  things 
as  AHamandas,  Clerodendrons,  Combretums,  Dipla- 
denias,  &c.,  and  tying  them  to  stakes  in  an  upright 
position  ;  this  will  give  growing  plants  more  room, 
and  will  not  hinder  the  ripening  of  the  wood  of  those 
thus  treated.  Any  pUnls  of  Ixoras  that  have  grown 
to  a  considerable  height  should  be  pruned  back,  cut- 
ting well  into  the  old  wood,  and  if  mealy-bug  or 
scale  be  present  the  plants  must  be  washed  with  an 
insecticide  in  the  proportion  nf  6  or  8  oz.  to  the 
gallon  of  water,  and  this  operation  must  be  repeated 
several  times  at  in'.ervals  of  three  or  four  days,  but 
not  carried  over  a  period  of  a  fortnight,  as  the  plants 
will  break  in  about  that  time,  and  the  young  growth 
would  be  injured.  Now  is  the  best  time  in  the  year 
to  eradicate  insects  in  the  stove,  and  any  plants 
infested  ought  to  be  thoroughly  washed  with  a  strong 
solution,  repeating  it  until  the  pests  are  quite 
destroyed.  Any  plant?  about  which  there  is  any 
doubt  as  to  their  being  thoroughly  cleaned  in  this  way 
should  be  cut  back,  as  it  is  better  to  sacrifice  a  little 
of  the  flower  the  next  season,  than  that  insects 
should  get  the  upper  hand  and  be  a  source  of 
annoyance  the  whole  year.  Where  many  subjects 
are  infested,  remove  all  plunging  material,  old 
plaster,  &c.  ;  have  the  walls  whitewashed  twice, 
stopping  up  every  crevice,  painting  all  woodwork, 
so  that  everything  be  quite  clean.  Be  careful  when 
bringing  in  young  plants  not  to  put  them  in  contact 
with  the  older  denizens  until  you  are  satisfied  the  latter 
are  quite  clean.  Late  AHamandas  should  be  kept 
well  up  to  the  gla^s,  as  the  blooms  they  put  forth  will 
be  very  useful  during  the  next  three  weeks.  Another 
useful  plant  is  the  old  Ixora  coccinea,  whose  large 
trusses  of  an  uncommon  colour  are  much  appre- 
ciated. This  department  should  now  be  quite  gay 
with  Tydceas ;  the  varieties  that  I  grow  for  late 
work  are  aurantiaca,  zebrina,  Madame  Heine, 
Madame  Halphen,  tricolor,  M.  Lavelle,  and 
Robert  le  Diable  ;  these,  arranged  with  early  Gar- 
denias, Eucharis,  Pancratiums,  Gesneras,  plants  wiih 
fine  foliage,  and  an  edging  round  the  stages  of  Pani- 
cum,  Torenias,  Smilaif,  or  Cyrtodeira  fulgida,  are  very 
pleasing.  Late  Caladiums,  Gloxinias,  and  Achimenes, 
when  the  leaves  begin  to  turn  yellow,  should  be  placed 
in  a  warm  corner  and  watered  more  sparingly,  bat 
avoid  the  error  of  drying  off  too  quickly,  otherwise 
their  corms  and  tubers  will  be  shrivelled.  The  same 
rule  applies  to  Gloriosas,  Bilbergias  ;  these  latter  beau- 
tiful plants  will  soon  be  showing  their  blooms,  and 
care  should  be  exercised  in  the  use  of  the  syringe  so 
as  not  to  fill  their  crowns  wiih  water  or  the  flower 
spike  will  rot  and  if  by  chance  this  should  happen 
they  must  be  turned  upside  down  to  drain.  A.  Evans^ 
Lythc  Hill,  Hademere. 


7hE      pUI^B      'QaF^DEN. 


AUTUMN  AND  WINTER  CROCUSES  AS 
DECORATIVE  PLANTS. 
I  CAN  fully  endorse  all  that  Mr.  Douglas  says  in 
favour  of  au'umn-flowering  Crocuses,  as  they  now 
form  one  of  the  most  decorative  features  in  my  garden 
here,  and  it  is  surprising  that  the  old  and  well  known 
species,  such  as  speciosus  and  nudiflorus,  which 
respectively  multiply  so  rapidly  from  bulbils  and 
stolons,  are  not  more  widely  cultivated.  By  far  the 
greater  number  of  known  species  have  been  introduced 
within  the  last  ten  years,  and  as  yet  there  has  scarcely 
been  time  for  exten^^ive  multiplication  and  distribu- 
tion. My  object  in  writing  is  to  point  out  how  easily 
all  the  species  of  Crocus  can  be  multiplied  from  seed, 
and  how  soon  the  little-known  species  ought  to  be 
within  the  reach  of  horticulturists  as  common  deco- 
rative plants.     The  seed  should  be  gathered  as  soon 


as  the  capsule  commences  to  open,  and  at  once  sown 
in  the  open  border. 

Such  of  the  autumn-flowering  species  as  produce 
leaves  at  the  flowering-time  will  vegetate  in  the 
autumn,  and  the  remaining  species  in  the  spring,  but 
many  of  the  seeds  may  remain  dormant  for  a  year  or 
two,  and  then  vegetate.  The  seedling  corms  of  the 
first  year  are  so  small  that  they  cannot  be  easdy 
handled,  and  looking  at  the  fact  that  dormant  seeds 
will  vegetate  in  the  second  year,  I  think  it  best  to 
leave  the  seed-bed  undisturbed  for  two  or  three  years. 
A  few  flowers  may  be  produced  the  second  year  after 
sowing,  and  in  the  third  year  the  plant  has  reached 
its  maturity  and  flowers  freely.  The  seed  patch  should 
then  be  taken  up  and  replanted. 

Of  the  autumnal  species  suitable  for  the  open  border 
the  following  may  be  enumerated  for  successional 
flowering  :  — 

C.  Scharojani. — Orange  ;  early  in  August. 

C.  vallicola. — Straw-coloured  ;  August  and  September. 

C.  zonatus. — Vinous-lilac  ;  August  and  September. 

C.  nudiflorus. — Blue  ;  September  and  October. 

C.  pulchelius.  —  Bluish-lilac  ;   September  and  October. 

C.  speciosus. — Blue  ;  September  and  October. 

C.  iridiflorus  (byz^intinus). — Blue;  October. 

C.  medius.— Purple  ;  October. 

C.  asturicus. — Purple,  lilac,  or  white  ;  October. 

C.  cancellatus. — White,  blue,  or  striped  ;  October. 

Of  the  numerous  varieties  of  C.  sativus,  Cart- 
wrightianus,  from  the  Greek  Archipelago,  is  the  most 
ornamental  and  floriferous,  and  in  fine  October 
weather  will  produce  an  abundant  display  of  its  beau- 
tiful vinous-purple  or  pure  white  flowers.  In  a  fine 
autumn  C.  Boryi,  white  ;  C.  Tournefortii,  lilac  ;  and 
C.  Icevigatus,  feathered  purple,  will  all  flower  out-of- 
doors,  but  cannot  be  relied  upon  with  the  same  cer- 
tainty as  the  earlier  autumnal  species. 

Ten  years  ago  there  were  barely  twenty  species  of 
Crocus  in  cultivation,  now  we  possess  almost  the 
entire  genus,  and  I  have  in  my  garden  fifty-eight  out 
of  a  genus  of  sixty-nine  species.  Their  multiplication 
\i  only  a  question  of  time,  and  I  hope  in  a  year  or 
two  to  assist  in  their  distribution  ;  but  at  present,  in 
reply  to  numerous  correspondents  and  applicants,  I 
regret  that  I  am  not  in  a  position  to  further  diminish 
my  stock.  George  Maw,  F.L.S.^  Benthall,  Kenley^ 
Surrey,  Odober  6. 


'Pf(UIT3     ^NDEF^     '(^LA33. 


VINES. 
Late  varieties  should  have  all  the  sub-laterals 
removed  forthwith,  together  with  the  tops  of  any 
unduly  long  main  laterals,  so  as  to  allow  of  more 
light  reaching  the  bunches  as  well  as  the  wood.  The 
plumpest  bud  on  the  lateral  that  is  nearest  to  the 
main  stem  should  be  selected  for  producing  fruit  next 
year,  cutting  out  all  the  other  buds  carefully  so  a3 
not  to  injure  the  leaf  at  the  base. 

Melon's. 

To  ripen  Melons  satisfactorily  in  October  and 
November  suitable  pits  or  houses  should  be  pro- 
vided, and  these  should  have  a  good  supply  of  top 
and  bottom-heat  (hot-water  pipes)  at  command  with 
which  to  maintain  a  night  temperature  of  from  65''  to 
70"  (according  as  the  weather  is  cold  or  mild)  and 
70"  to  75"  by  day,  running  it  up  10"  with  sun-heat, 
having  a  little  air  on  at  the  same  time.  To  attempt 
to  grow  Melons  in  the  absence  of  proper  accommo- 
dation during  the  late  autumn  months  must  end  in 
failure,  inasmuch  as  fruits  grown  under  less  favour- 
able conditions  must  necessarily  be  deficient  in  size, 
colour,  and  flavour.  To  attain  these  points  the  tem- 
perature maintained  in  the  houses  during  the  ripening 
period  of  the  fruits  should  be  somewhat  high,  and  dry 
and  airy.  Therefore  the  linings  of  frames  in  which 
Melons  are  grown  being  made  up  after  the  end  o( 
September,  with  a  view  to  ripen  or  hasten  the  matura- 
tion of  the  fiuit,  IS  not  only  labour  misapplied,  but  it 
is  also  calculated  to  thwart  the  quicker  ripening  and 
flavouring  of  the  fruit,  inasmuch  as  the  steam  which 
arises  in  the  frames  and  settles  upon  the  fruits  is  accom- 
panied by  a  humid  and  stagnant  atmosphere,  and 
renders  the  flavour  of  the  fruits  thus  grown  little  better 
than  that  of  a  Turnip. 

Atmospheric  moisture  should  after  this  date  be  dis- 
tributed very  sparingly  in  houses  in  which  the  plants 
are  swelling  their  fiuits,  supplying  only  sufficient  to 
promote  gentle  growth,  using  the  syringe  freely  in  the 
morning  and  afternoon  of  bright  sunny  days,  at  other 
times  and  states  of  the  weather  not  at  all  ;  and  as 
soon  as  the  fruits  approach  maturity  moisture,  other 
than  that  arising  from  application  of  water  at  the 
roots,  when  necessary,  and  which  should  then  be  given 
in  the  morning,  should  not  be  distributed  in  the  house. 
This  remark  applies  especially  to  the  houses  in  which 
fruit  of  such  thin-skinned  varieties  as  Hero  of 
Lockinge  are  now  ripening.  H,  JP.  fVard,  Longford 
Castle. 


496 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[October  i6,  i8 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

rSale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 


r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulb 
n  I      Rooms 
°1  Salesof  Dutch  Bull 

L     at  Stevens"  Room 


ulbsand  Plants  from  Ghent, 
"  Rooms. 
r  Sale   of   Nursery    Stock,    at    Kilburn,    by 


ITllo, 


Wednesday,  Oct. 


I     theroe  ft  Mori 

rSale  of  Greenhouse  Plants,  Bulbs,  &c.,  a 
Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale    of    Nursery    ^tock  and    Greenhoust 
Plants,   at   the    Loughborough    Nursery 
Brixton,  by  Protheroe  ft    Morris. 


(Apple   and    Pear    Show    at    Exeter    (two 
days). 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morns' 
Rooms. 
Sale  of  Established  and   Imported  Orchids, 


'  R..( 


Satubdav,        Oct.  33 


Morris, 
lale  ot  Dutch  Bulbs, 
I      Rooms. 
1  Sale 


Nu 


■  Slock, 


The 


n,    by    Prothc 

Protheroe  &  Morris' 

Dutch  Bulbs  and  Plants  romGhent, 


t  Stevens'  Rooms. 


IF  there  be  any  truth  in  popular  opinion,  the 
present  autumn  should  be  singularly  favour- 
able for  Ripening  the  Wood.  No  doubt  in 
this  case,  as  in  many  others,  popular  opinion  is 
substantially  correct.  It  is  when  we  come  to 
deal  with  explanations,  and  when  we  draw 
inferences  from  these  so-called  explanations, 
that  error  creeps  in.  A  popular  expression  like 
this  of  "  ripening  the  wood  "  requires  overhaul- 
ing now  and  then,  in  order  to  ascertain  to  what 
extent  and  in  what  manner  it  is  representative 
of  the  truth.  No  doubt  the  expression  was 
adopted  by  reason  of  the  close  analogy  that 
exists  between  the  ripening  of  the  fruit  and  the 
maturation  of  the  wood.  That  the  two  processes 
are  similar  is  unquestionable,  but  that  they  are 
identical  in  their  nature  can  hardly  be  true, 
seeing  that  permanence  or  continuity  is  aimed 
at  in  the  one  case,  while  the  fruit  is  in  general 
only  a  temporary  device  for  securing  the  dis- 
persion of  the  seed.  Where  it  serves  also  as  a 
protection,  as  in  the  case  of  the  shell  of  a  Cocoa- 
nut,  the  analogy  between  the  two  processes  of 
ripening— that  of  the  fruit  and  that  of  the  wood 
— is  of  course  closer.  Close  also  is  the  analogy 
between  the  ripening  of  the  wood  and  that  of  the 
seed. 

Ripening  of  the  wood  involves  two  distinct 
things,  one  consolidation  of  structure,  the  other 
storage  ot  nutritive  matter.  If  consolidation 
were  the  only  result  it  might  be  advantageous 
from  the  timber  merchant's  point  of  view,  but 
it  would  be  of  much  less  moment  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  fruit  grower  or  of  him  who 
looks  for  the  development  of  flower-buds  in 
autumn.  Consolidation  is  brought  about  by 
the  deposit  of  woody  matter  in  the  cells.  Of 
the  two  it  is  rather  a  sign  of  death  than  of 
life.  Storage  takes  place  principally  in  the 
cells  of  the  bark  which  have  a  more  active 
yitality  than  those  of  the  wood,  both  actually 
and  potentially.  The  storage  that  takes  place 
is  of  starch,  of  fatty  materials,  of  Grape-sugar, 
or  other  substances  capable  of  supplying  food 
either  directly  or  more  frequently  indirectly 
for  the  use  of  the  young  bud  when  stimulated 
into  renewed  growth  by  the  increasing  heat 
of  spring.  But  the  food  material  has  not  only 
to  be  stored,  it  has  to  be  made  first,  and  this 
manufacture  goes  on  all  through  the  summer, 
being  dependent  on  adequate  supplies  and 
appropriate  combinations  of  light,  heat,  and 
moisture. 

Ripening,  then,  in  so  far,  is  no  new  process 
specially  peculiar  to  autumn.  It  has  been 
going  on  to  a  certain  extent  during  the  summer 
in  association  with  the  growth  or  actual  forma- 
tion of  new  cells.  This  latter  process  during 
the  autumn  months  receives  a  check  from  the 
diminished  temperature  and  the  lessened  ab- 
sorption and  circulation  of  water ;  less  food- 
matter  is  in  consequence  used  up,  and  a  pro- 
portionately larger  amount  stored  for  future  use, 
while  in  all  probability  the  chemical  changes  in 
the  stored  up  matter  are  also  proportionately 


more  active  than  before.  Ripening  of  the 
wood,  then,  in  a  general  sense,  implies  consoli- 
dation or  hardening  of  tissue,  drying  up  by 
diminished  absorption  of  water,  storage  of  and 
change  in  the  nature  of  the  food  material.  If 
these  go  on  well  and  uninterruptedly  the  plant 
goes  to  rest  as  the  temperature  falls,  such  rest, 
however,  not  by  any  means  being  absolute 
inaction.  But  if  after  this  natural  process  of 
ripening  the  temperature  does  not  fall  suf- 
ficiently, while  the  rainfall  becomes  excessive, 
growth  continues  or  recommences,  to  the  detri- 
ment of  the  tree  when,  later  on,  frost  occurs. 
The  wonder  is  that  this  second  growth  in  late 
autumn  does  not  happen  oftener  than  it  does, 
especially  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  that  growth 
in  spring  often  recommences  at  a  period  when 
the  conditions,  so  far  as  temperature  is  con- 
cerned, would  seem  less  favourable  than  they  are 
in  autumn.  All  this  seems  to  imply  that  the 
so-called  rest  of  plants,  the  importance  of  which 
cultivators  insist  upon,  is  really  a  period  of 
chemical  action  and  change  in  the  stored 
material,  and  that  growth  is  not  favoured  until 
that  action  is  advanced  towards  completion. 
How  much  growth  has  been  prolonged  and 
maturation  deferred  this  autumn  was  apparent 
at  the  great  Fruit  Show  held  this  week  at 
Kensington,  when,  although  the  .Apples  were 
large  and  of  good  quality,  they  were  deficient 
in  colour  as  compared  with  their  tint  in  an 
earlier  season. 


Professor  Pynaert.— We  understand  that 

Wk  fete  in  honour  of  M.  Pynakrt,  on  the  occasion  of 
his  entering  upon  the  twenty-sixth  year  of  his  pro- 
fessorate at  the  Ghent  School  of  Horticulture,  will  be 
held  at  the  Casino,  Ghent,  at  4  p.m.  on  October  24, 
when  a  splendid  work  of  art  in  bronze,  together  with 
an  album  of  portraits  of  his  friends,  will  be  presented 
to  him  **  avec grande  solemniu'," 

The  Primdla  Conference. —The  report 

of  this  meeting,  with  the  full  text  of  the  papers  read 
and  the  discussion  which  took  place,  is  now  com- 
pleted, and  will,  we  believe,  shortly  be  published  in 
a  number  of  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  Appended  to  the  report  are  full  lists  of  the 
cultivated  species  of  Primula,  as  well  as  of  those  not  yet 
introduced  into  cultivation,  and  numerous  documents 
likely  to  interest  growers  of  these  plants.  Mr. 
Ridley's  paper  on  "Orchid  Nomenclature"  at  the 
provincial  show  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  at 
Liverpool  will  also  be  published  in  the  same  number, 
together  with  a  summary  of  the  discussion  that  took 
place  on  that  occasion. 

British  Fungi. — The  second  volume  ot  the 

Rev.  John  Stevenson's  Enumeration  of  the 
British  Hytnenomycetes  has  just  been  published  by 
Messrs.  Blackwood  &  Sons.  It  contains  the 
systematic  description  of  numerous  genera  and  species 
of  Hymenomycetous  fungi,  with  very  neat  illustrations 
by  Mr.  WoRTHiNGTON  Smith.  A  very  useful 
feature  consists  in  the  explanation  of  the  names.  If 
in  a  future  edition  the  accented  syllables  could  be 
marked  as  a  guide  to  pronunciation,  the  advantage 
would  be  enhanced.  Another  most  desirable  innova- 
tion for  those  who  have  to  refer  to  foreign  books,  is 
the  adoption  of  the  metrical  system  for  measurement, 
while  to  meet  other  requirements  ordinary  English 
measurements  are  also  added. 

"  Botanical    Magazine."  —  The    plants 

figured  in  the  October  number  of  the  Botanical 
Afa^^azine  are  the  following  : — 

TillauJsia  fenestralis,  t.  6S98.— The  6gure  of  this 
noble  Bromeliad  is  taken  from  a  plant  that  formed 
part  of  the  collection  of  living  plants  of  this  order 
purchased  for  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  from  the 
representatives  of  the  late  Professor  MORREN.  As  a 
foliage  plant  the  broad  leaves  are  remarkable  for  the 
numerous  dark  green  veins  which  form  little  chequers 
or  squares  on  a  lighter-coloured  ground.  The  flowers 
here  shown  are  borne  on  an  erect  unbranched  scape, 
bearing  its  yellowish  flowers  in  two  rows,  each 
flower  being  about  2  to  2^  inches  long,  with  green 
calyx  and  primrose-yellow  corolla.  The  flowers 
exude  an  acid  secretion  tasting  of  vinegar,  and  which 
reddens  litmus  paper. 


Begonia  ybhnstoni,  t.  6899. — An  interesting  plant, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  a  native  of  the  tropical  African 
mountain,  Kilimanjaro,  presuming  the  plant  to  be  the 
same  as  that  collected  by  Bishop  Hannington  in 
the  Masai  country,  a  district  far  to  the  north-west  of 
Kilimanjaro.  The  species  has  erect  stems,  oblique 
lanceolate  crenate  leaves,  and  clusters  of  small  pink 
flowers. 

Leontice  Alberti,  t.  6900. — An  interesting  and 
pretty  plant,  discovered  by  Albert  Regel  In  the 
Western  Alatau  Mountains  between  Tashkend  and 
Samarcand.  From  a  subglobose  tuber  proceed  two 
leaves,  with  large  oblong  leafy  stipules  at  the  base 
of  the  long  stalk,  the  blade  of  the  leaf  being  palmately 
divided  into  five  oblong,  broad,  obtuse  segments 
rolled  inwards  in  the  young  slate.  The  flower-stalk 
is  erect,  provided  near  the  apex  with  leafy  bracts, 
from  whose  axils  proceed  yellow  flowers,  forming  a 
pyramidal  raceme,  each  flower  being  nearly  i  inch  in 
diameter.  The  conformation  of  the  Sowers  is  curious, 
like  that  of  most  of  the  genera  of  the  order  to  which 
it  belongs  (Berberidacese),  ^ 

Colchicum  Troodi,  t.  6901. — A  very  pretty  species, 
flowered  by  Mr.  Elwes  in  his  garden  at  Cirencester. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  and  has  a  corm 
like  a  Chestnut,  from  which  is  thrown  up  in  late 
autumn  a  tuft  of  numerous  white  flowers,  each  wuh 
a  very  long  slender  tube  and  a  limb  divided  into  six 
linear  oblong  segments.  The  leaves  do  not  appear 
till  the  following  spring  ;  they  are  long,  strap-shaped, 
and  rounded  at  the  tips. 

Iris  EulefeUi,  t.  6902.  — A  native  of  Eastern  Tur- 
kestan, with  bearded  flowers  of  a  generally  lilac 
colour,  but  described  as  of  extraordinary  beauty  and 
delicacy,  very  difHcult  to  describe.  The  plant  dies 
down  late  in  autumn,  and  does  not  shoot  again  till 
March  or  April.  The  plant  has  flowered  in  the  col- 
lection of  Professor  Foster,  also  in  the  Botanic 
Gardens  of  Kew  and  Cambridge.  Professor  Foster 
says  that  it  should  be  kept  dry  and  under  glass  in 
summer  in  the  same  way  as  X.  iberica. 

"  Malesia."— The  last  part  of  this  fine  publi- 
cation is  devoted  to  the  description  and  illustration  of 
various  Asiatic  and  especially  Bornean  plants  col- 
lected and  observed  by  Signor  Beccari.  Signor 
Ugolini  Martelli  describes  the  Dilleniaceae  col- 
lected by  the  same  indefatigable  explorer.  Six  litho- 
graphic plates,  illustrative  of  structure,  accompany  the 
text. 

Orchid  Seeds. — In  a  communication  read 

before  the  Paris  Academy  of  Sciences  (Comptes  Ren- 
dus,  ciii.,  p.  357),  and  quoted  in  the  Pharmaceutical 
Journal,  M.  PAUL  Maury  points  out  that  in  the 
greater  number  of  indigenous  Orchids  the  ovules  are 
not  fully  developed  when  the  pollen-masses  are  ripe, 
and  consequently  it  is  only  the  ovaries  at  the  base 
of  the  inflorescence  which  usually  have  fertile  ovules, 
these  being  probably  fertilised  by  the  poUinia  of  the 
upper  flowers.  This  slow  development  of  the  ovules 
may,  he  thinks,  account  for  the  remarkable  tendency 
to  hybridise  manifested  by  many  genera  of  Orchids. 

Eryngium    pandanifolium. — The    plant 

exhibited  by  James  Bateman,  Esq.,  from  his  garden 
at  Worthing,  at  South  Kensington,  before  the  Floral 
Committee  on  Tuesday,  was  not  a  large  one  when 
planted  out  last  spring  in  the  open  border,  where  it 
grew  freely,  and  in  a  very  short  time  from  its  show- 
ing flower  produced  the  stem  shown,  which  (measuring 
from  the  base)  was  upwards  of  10  feet  high.  The 
leaves  were  some  of  them  8  or  9  feet  long,  and  the 
general  aspect  of  the  plant  very  imposing. 

Chiswick   Young    Gardeners'   Mutual 

Improvement  Association. — Under  this  title  a 
society,  which  promises  to  be  very  beneficial  from  an 
educational  point  of  view,  was  inaugurated  on  the 
Sth  inst.  amongst  the  men  employed  in  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  gardens  at  Chiswick.  Mr. 
A.  F.  Barron  was  invited  to  act  as  President ;  Mr. 
John  Fraser,  of  Kew,  to  whom  the  idea  is  due  in  a 
great  measure,  was  appointed  Chairman,  and  Mr.  J. 
Barry,  Secretary,  Papers  (with  discussion)  on 
various  subjects  connected  with  horticulture  were 
announced  to  be  read  at  future  meetings. 

ToNQUiN  Beans. — Reporting  on  the   trade 

in  Tonquin  Beans  (Dipteryx  odorata)  our  contem- 
porary, the  Chemist  and  Druggist,  says  the  crop  of 
this  article,  especially  the  Angustura  variety,  has 
been  an  abundant  one,  amounting,  it  is  said,  to 
150  tons,  which  would  suffice  for  two  years'  consump- 


Supplement   to   "The  Gardeners'  Chronicle."  October  16"  1886. 


White  Clematis  Jackmanni.  (Noble" 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


497 


tion,  but  the  quality  is  stated  to  be  below  average. 
Nearly  the  whole  has  been  consigned  to  New  York, 
where  all  stocks  are  held  by  speculative  operators, 
who  seem  firmly  resolved  to  hold  out  for  high  prices. 
The  British  Consul  at  Bolivar,  in  Venezuela,  in  his 
report  for  18S5,  just  published,  states  that  last  year 
no  Beans  whatever  were  gathered  in  his  district.  The 
natives  would  not  take  the  trouble  to  go  to  the  Caura 
forests  to  collect  the  fruit,  on  account  o(  the  low 
prices  at  which  they  are  compelled  to  sell  it  to  the 
agents  of  the  parties  who  hold  the  exclusive  privilege 
of  collecting  and  exporting  the  vegetable  products  of 
the  immense  forests  of  the  territory  of  the  Caura. 

Planting     in     thk    'Isli    of    Man. — 

Extensive  planting  operations  have  taken  place  on 
the  Crown  lands  in  this  interesting  island  during  the 
last  four  years.  In  1882  contracts  were  entrusted 
to  Messrs.  Little  &  Ballantynk,  Carlisle,  which 
involved  the  planting  of  3i  millions  of  trees  on 
five  hundred  acres  of  mountain  land  ;  and  it  is 
the  success  of  these  extensive  operations  which 
has  led  the  Commissioners  to  go  further  into 
this  important  matter,  and  extend  the  number  of 
trees  annually.  A  competent  forester  from  the  Car- 
lisle nurseries  is  in  charge  of  the  plantations  and 
superintending  the  planting  under  the  Department, 
which  15  now  done  as  fat  as  possible  by  native  labour. 
Half  of  the  trees  which  are  to  be  planted  this  year 
have  been  again  obtained  from  Knowefield. — Forest 
tree  planting  is  about  to  be  done  on  an  extensive  scale 
in  the  Isle  of  Man  on  the  Crown  lands,  where  shelter 
is  much  required.  During  the  past  week  the  Com- 
missioner of  Woods  and  Forests  inspected  and  pur- 
chased over  300,000  forest  trees  from  the  well  known 
Hexham  nurserymen,  Messrs.  William  Fell  & 
Co.,  who  tendered  with  samples  for  the  supply  and 
succeeded  in  securing  this  extensive  order  from  the 
Government.  Messrs.  DiCKSONS,  of  Edinburgh,  and 
Mr.  Mitchell,  of  Slranratr,  have  also  received 
orders.  The  Commissioners  of  Woods  and  Forests, 
having  adopted  the  wise  policy  of  putting  down  a 
mountain  nursery  to  nurse  and  acclimatise  the  trees 
before  being  finally  planted  on  the  mountains,  will 
insure  greater  success  than  when  trees  are  removed 
from  a  distance  direct  to  their  permanent  situations. 
We  believe  that  Mr.  Mitchell  has  been  commis- 
sioned to  supply  many  timber  trees  less  known  than 
older  ones,  but  which  are  doubtless  destined  to  sup- 
plant them — ^.^.,  the  Douglas  Fir,  the  Nordmann 
Fir,  and  Thuia  gigantea. 

Seeds    of    European    Plants    in    the 

Tropics. — M.  Thierry,  the  Director  of  the  Botanic 
Garden  at  Martinique,  asserts  that  seeds  of  European 
plants  lose  their  vitality  much  sooner  in  the  tropics 
than  in  Europe  ;  thus  Cabbage  seed  does  not  retain 
its  vitality  for  more  than  eight  months  instead  of  from 
eight  to  ten  years  in  Europe  ;  Artichoke  three  months 
as  compared  with  five  years  ;  Lettuce  three  to  five 
months  instead  of  as  many  years ;  Peas  four  months 
against  four  years,  and  so  on. 

A   Hailstorm   near   Paris. — The  losses 

occasioned  by  the  hailstorm  of  August  23  in  the 
Department  of  the  Seine,  are  estimated  by  a  com- 
mittee of  the  National  Horticultural  Society  of 
France  to  amount  to  5,500,000  francs  (^220,000), 
thus  distributed  : — Florists,  2,500,000  francs  ;  market 
gardeners,  1,500,000  francs  ;  fruitgrowers,  1,500,000 
francs.  Great  injury  was  done  at  Montreuil,  where 
Peaches,  Pears,  Calville  Apples,  and  other  fruit,  are 
grown  against  the  walls.  On  these  walls,  especially 
those  facing  west  and  south,  the  fruit  was  battered  to 
pieces,  and  the  trees  themselves  destroyed.  The 
Vines,  of  course,  suffered  proportionately.  A  loss  of 
such  severity  will  of  necessity,  from  the  circumstances 
of  the  case,  be  felt  for  several  years.  Among  the 
market  gardeners  of  Vincennes  and  Montreuil  no 
fewer  than  35,000  cloches  are  destroyed,  while  the 
growers  of  market  plants  and  cut  flowers  have  had 
their  houses  with  their  contents  utterly  destroyed, 

Anthurtum     Mooreanum  X .  —  In     our 

number  for  August  21,  p.  230,  Mr.  N.  E.  Brown 
described  an  Aroid  cultivated  by  Mr.  W.  Bull  under 
this  name,  and  added  that  the  native  country  was 
unknown.  With  reference  to  this  plant  Messrs. 
Chantrier  FKtRES,  of  Mortefontainc,  write  as 
follows: — "Anthurium  Mooreanum  x  is  one  of  our 
hybrids,  procured  by  the  fertilisation  of  Anthu- 
rium crystallinum  by  pollen  of  A.  subsignatum.     It 


was  dedicated  to  Mr.  F.  MooRE,  of  the  Gardeners' 
ChfonicUt  who  saw  the  plant  in  our  establishment." 
With  this  letter  Messrs.  Chantrier  enclose  an 
extract  from  their  Catalogue  for  1885,  in  which  they 
give  a  description  of  the  plant,  stating  that  the 
leaves  attain  a  length  of  80  cm.  by  50  cm.  in 
width,  supported  by  thick  cylindrical  stalks  50 — 60 
cm.  in  length.  The  blade  of  the  leaf  is  oval,  with 
the  basal  sinus  moderately  wide,  the  primary  and 
secondary  nerves  prominent  on  both  surfaces,  with  a 
tendency  to  assume  the  form  of  Anthurium  subsigna- 
tum in  its  rounded  basal  lobes.  The  leaf  is  above  ol 
a  deep  shining  metallic  green,  with  silvery-white 
nerves. 

Unseasonable    Fruit   and   Flowers. — 

The  warmth  of  the  season  has,  in  the  garden  of  Mr. 
J.  Willing,  at  Cricklewood,  as  in  many  other 
places,  induced  the  Laburnum  to  put  forth  its  long 
racemes,  on  the  upper  part  of  which  the  seed  pods 
have  formed  ;  and  the  Raspberry  to  bear  a  late  crop 
of  fruit.  That  good  sort  ol  Gooseberry,  Red  War- 
rington, also  comes  to  us  from  this  garden  in  good 
eatable  condition.  Botanists  who  are  familiar  with 
the  structure  of  these  plants  will  not  see  anything  very 
marvellous  in  such  facts. 

^—  Liquorice  Culture  in  Damascus. — A 
considerable  amount  of  business,  it  seems,  has  recently 
been  done  in  Damascus  and  Syria  generally  in  the 
exportation  of  Liquorice  root  to  the  United  States. 
About  four  years  ago,  one  of  the  partners  in  an 
American  firm  in  Philadelphia  largely  concerned  in 
the  commerce  of  this  article,  visited  Damascus  with 
the  object  of  ascertaining  the  amount  and  quality  of 
the  Liquorice  root  grown  in  the  country,  and  of  mak- 
ing purchases.  The  result  of  his  enquiries  having 
proved  satisfactory,  he  gave  orders  for  somewhat 
large  consignments  to  be  shipped  to  the  United  States, 
and  appointed  an  American  gentleman  in  Beyrout, 
well  acquainted  with  the  language  of  the  people  and 
having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  country,  to  act  as 
agent  of  the  firm.  The  Liquorice  root  can  be 
obtained  in  considerable  quantities  to  the  north  of 
Damascus,  and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Lattakia  and 
Antioch,  and  a  regular  business  is  now  being  carried 
on  in  this  article.  The  amount  exported  last  year 
from  Damascus  and  other  parts  of  Syria  was  valued 
at  ;^30,ooo. 

LiNNEAN  Society. — Meetings  of  this  Society 

will  be  held  at  Burlington  House,  on  the  following 
Thursdays,  at  8  P.M.  :  — 18S6  :  November  4  and  18  ; 
December  2  and  16.  —  1SS7  :  January  20  ;  February 
3  and  17  ;  March  3  and  17  ;  April  7  and  21  ;  May 
5  and  24  (anniversary  meeting  at  3  P. M. )  ;  June  2 
and  16. 

Tritomas.— M.  Lebeuf  makes  a  suggestion 

in  a  recent  number  of  the  Garden  that  growers  of 
these  plants  should  send  specimens  to  the  botanist 
most  competent  to  deal  with  the  subject  and  should 
moreover,  subscribe  a  sufficient  sum  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  printing  the  monograph.  The  proceeds 
of  half  the  copies  sold  it  is  suggested  should  be  handed 
over  to  the  botanist  as  his  honorarium,  the  moiety  to 
be  sold  for  the  benefit  of  any  horticultural  work  that 
may  be  decided  on.  This  is  a  new  idea.  The  weeks 
and  months  and  sometimes  years  that  a  botanist  labours 
at  a  monograph  without  thought  of  fee  or  reward, 
are  little  appreciated  or  known  to  outsiders.  If 
the  time  occupied  and  the  drudgery  undertaken 
by  a  competent  monographer  be  considered,  it  must 
be  admitted  that  a  daily  labourer  receives  far  better 
wage  than  the  man  of  science  unless  he  be  an 
engineer  or  'a  chemist  who  both  contrive  to  make 
science  pay,  while  the  botanist  but  rarely  gets 
paid  at  all,  or  when  he  is  paid  gets  little  more 
than  the  cost  of  pens,  ink,  and  paper.  This  is  a 
monstrous  injustice  to  the  botanist,  but  we  fear  M. 
Lebeuf's  proposal,  even  if  it  were  carried  out,  would 
not  do  much  to  meet  the  evil.  In  this  matter  of 
Tritomas,  M.  Lebeuf  has  overlooked  the  fact  that 
Mr.  Bakkr  has  already  monographed  them  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society,  vol  xi.,  187 1,  p.  361, 
under  the  generic  name  of  Kniphofia,  and  that  he  has 
supplemented  that  monograph  by  a  synopsis  of  the 
Cape  species  in  the  Journal  of  Botany,  1885,  p.  277. 
Several  are  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine  and  in 
the  Refugium  Botanicmn.  The  cultivated  species 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Baker  are  K.  sarmentosa  (Tri- 
toma  media,  Bot.  Mag.,  744) ;  K.  pumila  (5i;/.  Mag., 


764);  K.  Burchelli  [Bot.  Reg.,  t.  1745)  ;  K.  praecox 
(Refuff.  Bot.,  i68) ;  K.  Riperi  (Jardin  Fleuriste,  t. 
368,  and  Garden  Companion,  i.,  113);  K.  aloides 
(K.  uvaria,  Bot.  Mag.,  4816,  Tritoma  uvaria,  Bot. 
Mag.,  t.  758)  ;  K.  infundibularis  {Journal  of  Botany, 
1885,  p.  277)  ;  K.  Macowani  (Bot.  Mag.,  6167)  ; 
K.  corallina  x  ,  Hort.  Deleuil,  a  hybrid  between 
Macowani  and  aloides  ;  K.  caulescens  {Bot.  Mag., 
t.  5946).  It  should  be  staled  that  in  his  more 
recent  recension  Mr.  Bakkr  includes  under  K  aloides 
{alias  uvaria)  the  variety  maxima,  Bot.  Mag.,  6553, 
which  is  the  Tritoma  grandiSora  of  some  gardens. 
The  K.  prxcox  of  Baker  is  referred  to  this  variety 
as  also  the  Tritoma  Saundersii  of  Carri£re.  The  var. 
nobilis  is  a  still  more  robust  form,  figured  in  the  Revue 
Horticole,  1885,  p.  252.  Altogether,  much  as  we 
should  like  to  see  a  monograph  of  Kniphofia  with 
good  illustrations,  there  is  a  multitude  of  genera  in 
which  the  need  is  much  greater. 

The   Roman   Fig. — Apropos  of  the  recent 

discussion  as  to  seedling  Figs  it  may  be  of  interest  to 
note  that  in  the  Hortus  Duroverni  (1831),  a  nursery 
catalogue  drawn  up  on  a  scientific  plan,  it  is  stated 
(p.  1 12)  that  the  Roman  Fig  must  be  considered  as  a 
curiosity  merely,  it  being  planted  by  that  people 
against  the  south-east  side  of  the  fortification  Regul- 
bium,  now  Reculver,  where  it  still  grows  in  a  wild 
state,  and  occasionally  produces  a  fruit  that  attains 
perfection.  It  would  be  very  interesting  to  know  if 
that  Fig  is  still  in  existence  at  Reculver,  and  still 
more  so  to  know  whether  it  produces  seed.  If  some 
correspondent  in  that  neighbourhood  could  secure  a 
specimen  of  the  fruit  and  foliage  it  would  be  very 
interesting,  for  whether  it  be  of  Roman  origin,  or 
whether,  as  seems  more  probable,  it  was  planted  by 
monks  in  later  times,  the  fact  remains  that  Mr. 
Masters,  who  was  an  excellent  observer,  with  a  go3d 
knowledge  of  botany,  speaks  of  it  as  growing  in  the 
"wild  state,"  and  as  "  a  curiosity." 

New  Seedling  Pear. — The  Pear,  British 

Queen,  exhibited  by  Mr.  La.xtON,  Bedford,  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Show  at  South  Ken- 
sington on  Tuesday  last,  has  been  re-named  Laxton's 
Bergamot,  as  there  is  already  a  Pear,  British  Queen, 
raised  by  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Ingram,  Frogmore. 

Indian   Forests. — Mr.   Ribbentrop,  the 

officiating  Inspector-General  of  Forests  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  India,  has  issued  a  "  Review  of  Forest 
Administration  in  British  India "  for  the  year 
1S84— 85.  It  comprises  a  series  of  statistical  tables 
showing  the  area  and  boundaries  of  the  forests  in  the 
several  provinces  of  India,  details  of  the  surveys  and 
working  plans,  statements  as  to  the  measures  taken  to 
protect  and  improve  the  forests,  together  with  a  state- 
ment of  the  working  and  yield,  and  the  financial 
results.  The  reserved  forests  form  about  5J  per  cent, 
of  the  total  area  ol  British  India.  Protection  includes 
the  carrying  out  of  forest  ordinances  as  well  as  protec- 
tion from  fire.  As  to  this  latter  matter,  it  is  pointed 
out  that  the  enormous  progress  that  has  been  made  at 
the  cost  of  hard  work,  anxiety,  and  exposure  on  the 
part  of  officers  of  every  grade  can  hardly  be  suffi- 
ciently appreciated  from  the  mere  study  of  the 
tables  appended.  Experience  already  proves  that 
trouble  and  money  expended  will  be  amply  repaid  by 
the  final  results.  As  a  rule,  protection  is  sufficient 
to  ensure  natural  reproduction  of  the  forest  even  in 
districts  which  have  been  temporarily  ruined  by 
neglect  and  former  ill-treatment.  Adequate  protec- 
tion, and  the  exercise  of  patience  seem  all  that  is 
required  in  most  cases.  The  most  hopeless  cases  are 
those  in  which  the  surface  soil  has  entirely  disap- 
peared, and  where  the  rainfall  is  scanty  ;  but  even 
there  we  imagine  the  chinks  of  the  rocks  contain 
deposits  of  fertile  soil  which  could  be  utilised.  The 
general  results  lor  all  the  provinces  show  a  surplus 
revenue  of  more  than  3,000,000  of  rupees.  The 
export  of  Teak  for  the  year  in  question  amounted  to 
47.556  tons  (each  ton  =  56  cubic  feet),  valued  at 
112  rupees  per  ton.  In  addition,  the  exports  com- 
prised caoutchouc,  shellac,  Cardamons,  Sandal- 
wood and  other  ornamental  woods.  Gambler,  Myro- 
balans,  &c. 

Annual  Ad.ministration  Report  of  the 

Forest  Department  of  the  Madras  Presi- 
dency, i8»4 — 1S85. — This  report  is  drawn  up  on 
the  same  general  plan  as  that  for  British  India  in 
general,  but  contains  a  formidable  mass  of  detail, 
even  the  full  return  of  stores  and  tools,  such  as  rat- 


498 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  \%,  iS86, 


traps,  measuring  (apes,  penknives,  rulers,  and  all  the 
armamentarium  required  in  the  forests  themselves  or 
in  the  several  offices  are  printed,  wiih  tabular  state- 
ments of  the  number  received  or  issued,  their  destina- 
tion, value,  and  the  comparative  statements  with  past 
years.  As  some  of  the  names  of  the  native  villages 
comprise  some  eighteen  or  twenty  letters  each,  such 
as  Sakarappanayakanur  or  Saluppapillayarnattam- 
kanmoy,  it  is  evident  that  the  printing  account  of  the 
Madras  Government  must  be  somewhat  high,  and  it 
is  questionable  whether  the  cost  of  printing  the  record 
and  destiny  of  tin  boxes  and  the  like  does  not,  in 
many  cases,  outweigh  the  value  of  the  articles  them- 
selves. In  the  Anamalai  Mountains  natural  repro- 
duction does  not  seem  to  be  satisfactory,  and  planting 
will  have  to  be  carried  out.  Valuable  lists  of  native 
trees,  with  the  vernacular  names,  are  appended. 

National    Chrysanthemum   Society. — 

The  usual  October  general  meeting  of  members  of  the 
above  Society  took  place  at  the  "  OM  Four  Swans" 
Tavern,  Bishopgale  Street,  on  Monday  last,  E  San- 
derson, Esq.,  President,  in  the  chair,  there  being  a 
large  attendance  of  members.  The  minutes  of  the 
annual  general  meeting  of  January  26  last  having 
been  read,  the  Honorary  Secretary  announced  that 
the  first  summer  show  took  place  at  the  Royal 
Aquarium  on  September  10,  and  proved  highly  en- 
couraging as  an  experiment,  the  sum  of  £(&  5,r.  having 
been  awarded  in  prizes  :  also  that  application  had 
been  made  by  societies  affiliated  with  them  for  forty- 
one  medals  and  forty-three  certificates.  Fwenty-four 
new  members  were  proposed  and  elected,  bringing 
the  number  up  to  a  total  of  360  in  all.  As  showing 
the  remarkable  growth  of  the  Society  it  may  be  men- 
tioned that  when  Mr.  \V.  Holmes  became  its  Honorary 
Secretary  in  1874,  there  were  fifty-seven  members  and 
a  sum  of  something  like  ,^50  was  offered  in  prizes. 
When  the  Society  adopted  its  broader  designation  of 
National,  about  three  years  ago,  there  were  just 
over  one  hundred  members,  now  there  is  the 
large  number  just  stated,  and  about  ^250  was 
paid  in  prize-money  in  1S85.  The  Honorary 
Secretary  announced  that  Messrs.  Wood  &  Son, 
coal  merchants,  of  Colney  Hatch,  had  offered  special 
prizes  for  Chrysanthemums,  which  would  find  a  place 
in  the  schedule  for  1S87.  The  Honorary  Secretary 
was  empowered  to  make  all  necessary  arrangements 
for  the  great  show  on  November  10  and  u.  Some 
discussion  then  took  place  in  reference  to  the  Reserve 
Fund,  which  consists  of  something  like  ^80,  and  a 
resolution  was  unanimously  passed  directing  the 
Honorary  Secretary  to  communicate  with  the 
Treasurer  with  a  view  of  placing  the  fund  upon  a 
more  satisfactory  basis.  A  cordial  vote  of  thanks  to 
the  President  closed  the  proceedings. 

Barley  Experiments.— Professor  Gilbert 

has  published  in  the  Agricultural  Students'  Gazette 
the  lecture  delivered  by  him  at  the  Royal  Agricultural 
College,  Cirencester,  and  comprising  an  account  of 
the  experiments  on  the  growth  of  Barley  for  more 
than  thirty  years  in  succession  on  the  same  land  at 
Rothamsted.  These  experiments  were  conducted  on 
the  same  plan  as  those  for  Wheat  already  discussed, 
and  they  illustrate  the  influence  of  exhaustion  from 
long  cropping,  the  effect  of  manures,  and  of  variations 
of  season.  The  general  results  show  a  close  corre- 
spondence with  those  ot  Wheat  when  allowance  is 
made  for  the  fact  that  Barley  is  a  spiing-sown  crop, 
and  the  Barley  has  less  time  to  develope  itself.  Wheat, 
moreover,  has  a  much  greater  root  range  than  Barley 
which  is  more  dependent  for  its  food  supplies  on  the 
surface  soil,  hence  the  decline  of  produce  on  the  con- 
tinuously unmanured  plots  is  considerably  greater  than 
in  the  case  of  Wheat.  The  paper,  like  others  that 
emanate  from  Rothamsted,  is  replete  with  statistical 
details,  which  are  of  the  highest  value  for  reference, 
and  will  ever  continue  to  be  so,  for  nowhere  is  there 
such  a  record  of  the  effects  of  manure  and  season 
on  the  growth  of  plants,  and  physiologists  and  prac- 
tical men  must  continue  for  long  to  base  their 
work  on  these  details.  By  way  of  illustration 
we  may  mention,  that  it  is  found  at  Rotham- 
sted that  the  better  the  straw,  the  less  the  pro- 
portion of  silica  in  it— a  result  amply  borne  out  by 
the  experiments,  but  one  at  variance  with  precon- 
ceived opinions.  The  strength  of  the  straw  depends 
more  on  the  favourable  development  of  the  woody 
substance.  The  abolition  of  the  malt-tax  has  not 
been  productive  of  the  advantages  that  were  antici- 
pated,    "  It  would  seem  that  the  high  duty  served  as 


a  bounty  on  the  higher  qualities  of  our  own  pro^ 
ductioD,  and  that  when  this  was  removed  the  greater 
demand  for  medium  qualities  has  given  an  advantage 
to  the  foreign  grower."  Nor  has  the  removal  of  the 
duty  led  to  an  extended  use  of  malt  for  feeding  pur- 
poses. This  is  in  accordance  with  the  opinion  long 
ago  expressed  by  Sir  J.  Lawes  and  Dr.  Gilbert  as 
the  result  of  experiments  at  Rothamsted.  Barley, 
like  Wheat,  exhausts  the  soil  of  nitrogen,  and  also  in 
greater  proportion  than  Wheat  takes  up  mineral 
matters  ;  hence  it  is  more  directly  benefited  by  super- 
phosphate and  mineral  manure  than  Wheat.  These 
comparative  studies  on  the  life-history  and  require- 
ments of  two  grasses  are  not  only  of  direct  practical 
importance,  but  most  valuable  contributions  to  the 
physiology  of  vegetation. 

Tobacco  in  Havana.— In  a  report  on  the 

trade  of  Havana  it  is  stated  that  the  prospects  for 
1886  were  very  good,  the  crops  were  very  large,  and 
the  guano  is  now  nearly  worked  out  of  the  ground, 
which  will  make  a  large  diffTrence  in  the  flavour  of 
the  ordinary  crops.  It  is  further  stated  that  at  the 
Antwerp  Exhibition,  1SS5,  where  Tobacco  of  all 
climates  formed  one  of  the  main  exhibits,  the  highest 
awards  were  all  obtained  by  manufacturers  of 
Havana. 

Plants  u.nder  more  than  One  Name. — 

It  is  alleged  that  the  new  I-lose,  Schone  Namenlose, 
raised  by  M.  Deegen,  and  sold  by  him  for  1000 
marks,  has  been  renamed  Knezna  Leontine  F'lusten- 
berg  (Fiirstine  Leontine  Fiirsteoberg),  and  that  it  is 
offered  to  the  trade  under  both  names.  If  the  facts 
be  as  stated,  the  practice  is  reprehensible. 

CvpRiPEDiUM    Sedeni.— A    Correspondent 

sends  a  flower  of  this  species  with  a  flat  lip  {regular 
peloria),  and  a  column  with  three  stamens,  a  1,  a  2, 
a  3.  The  three  sepals  were  also  separate — an  interest- 
ing case. 

Bananas  in  Teneriffe. — The  exportation 

of  Bananas  from  Grand  Canary  is  reported  to  be  con- 
siderably on  the  increase,  and  it  is  expected  that  it 
will  soon  become  one  of  the  principal  exports,  as 
direct  communication  between  Grand  Canary  and 
London  is  established.  During  last  year  from  40,000 
to  50,000  clusters  of  this  fruit  were  shipped  to  Europe, 
averaging  31.  per  cluster.  Grand  Canary  alone  con- 
tributing between  25,000  and  30,000  clusters. 

Gardening  Appointments. — Mr.  H.  Mon- 
day, Gardener  to  the  late  R.  C.  Ransome,  Orwell 
Lodge,  Ipswich,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener 
to  W.  H.  Trego,  Esq.,  The  Brokes,  Reigate,  Surrey. 
— Mr.  A.  Porteous,  late  Gardener,  Aldenham 
Abbey,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  and  Baililt  to 
B.  B.  Green,  Esq.,  Midgham,  Reading,  Berkshire. 


FREE  -  FLOWERING    CLEMATIS. 

[See  Extra  Sheet.] 
Profusion  of  bloom  rather  than  size  in  the  indi- 
vidual flowers  is  the  essential  requisite  to  make  a 
plant  really  eflfective,  especially  in  such  things  as  are 
intended  to  be  seen  in  mass.  A  favourite  exhibition 
Rose  with  its  finely  shaped  blooms  is  beautiful,  yet  it 
is  insignificant  compared  with  an  example  of  a  climbing 
variety^allowed  to  scramble  on  the  side  of  a  house,  or 
the  stump  of  a  tree  bearing  quantities  of  flowers  indi- 
vidually inconspicuous,  but  which,  when  seen  in  their 
thousands,  put  the  small  tree  with  its  half  dozen  fault- 
less flowers  in  the  shade  ;  so  it  is  with  Clematis.  The 
flowers  of  the  profuse  blooming  Jackmanni  section 
are  deficient  in  size  as  compared  with  many  of  the  large 
varieties,  still  what  they  lose  on  this  score  is  more 
than  made  up  for  by  the  immense  sheet  of  bloom  the 
plants  bear.  Not  the  least  remarkablejthing  connected 
with  gardening  is  the  length  of  time  it  often  takes  for 
a  desirable  plant  to  become  sufficiently  known. 
Most  people  at  all  conversant  with  gardening 
matters  are  acquainted  with  C.  Jackmanni, 
and  only  a  little  less  so  with  its  nearest 
relative,  C.  rubella,  the  only  fault  of  which  is 
that,  though  differing  in  colour,  it  is  still,  in  this 
respect,  too  near  C.  Jackmanni.  Several  others  of 
the  same  type  there  are,  varying  from  dark  mulberry 
to  reddish-claret,  but  none  of  these  have  made  their 
way  in  the  estimation  of  the  gardening  community 
as  C.  Jackmanni  has  done  through  the  fact  of  their 
not  being  sufficiently  distinct  from  it  in  colour. 


In  the  case  of  plants  that  come  freely  from  seed 
when  a  cross  has  once  been  effected  it  does  not  ofien 
happen  that  there  is  any  great  length  of  time  to  wait 
before  varieties  sufficiently  distinct  in  colour  appear. 
But  with  this  section  of  Clematis  it  has  not  been  so, 
for  until  C.  Jackmanni  alba  turned  up  with  Mr. 
Noble  there  was  a  blank  in  this  direction  ;  and  it 
seems  that  after  a  new  variety  of  Clematis  has  been 
obtained  more  time  is  required  to  decide  its  merits 
than  is  necessary  with  most  plants.  I  understand  that 
it  is  something  like  eighteen  years  since  C.  Jackmanni 
alba  was  raised,  and  it  is  only  within  the  last 
half-dozen  years  that  one  peculiarity  connected 
with  it  has  appeared,  and  which,  by  the  way,  is 
no  doubt  directly  traceable  to  its  parentage.  The 
plant  is,  I  believe,  the  result  of  crossing  C.  Jack- 
manni with  the  pollen  of  one  of  the  white  varieties  of 
the  patens  type,  which  are  spring  bloomers.  Five  or 
six  years  back  the  plant  began  to  produce  a  few 
flowers  in  spring,  the  time  the  patens  section  blooms  ; 
these  were  ragged  muddy-coloured  abortions,  as  in- 
different in  appearance  as  they  well  could  be  ;  and 
each  season  since  a  few  of  these  have  appeared,  even 
on  plants  that  are  quite  small.  After  this  the  growth 
that  bears  the  full  crop  of  autumn  blooms  goes  on. 
It  is  best  to  pinch  off  these  useless  fugitive  flowers  as 
soon  as  they  are  seen.  The  illustration  is  from  a 
photograph  of  the  plant  in  the  Sunningdale 
Nursery,  as  it  appeared  in  the  latter  part  of  August  ; 
it  covers  a  pole  about  10  feet  high,  showing  its  flori- 
ferous  character  in  a  way  that  requires  no  comment. 
It  is  a  robust,  free  grower.  When  the  plant  has 
acquired  sufficient  strength,  it  keeps  on  growing  and 
producing  flowers  more  or  less  until  late  in  the 
autumn.  This  disposition  to  produce  flowers  in  the 
spring  of  a  different  character  to  those  forthcoming  in 
the  autumn  is  not  confined  to  C.  Jackmanni  alba, 
alone.  Proteus,  a  light  coloured  variety  raised  by 
Mr,  Noble,  produces  each  spring  a  crop  of  flowers 
perfectly  double,  and  almost  as  large  as  a  moderate 
sized  Paeony.  After  these  are  over  the  plant  makes 
fresh  growth,  blooming  freely  again  in  August,  but 
at  the  second  flowering  the  flowers  are  all  single — not 
the  least  sign  of  doubleness  about  them.  They  are 
six-petalled,  and  about  5  inches  across.  The  plant 
is  well  named  after  the  mythological  representative 
of  all  change,  but  there  is  nothing  formidable  in  the 
appearance  of  its  flowers. 

C.  viticella  rubra  grandiflora,  a  late-blooming 
variety,  one  of  the  viticella  section,  which  comes  in 
at  the  same  time  as  the  Jackmanni  division,  though 
apparently  little  known,  is  one  of  the  best  and  most 
distinct  coloured  in  cultivation.  The  flowers,  when 
newly  opened,  are  bright  ruby-red,  getting  darker 
with  age.  It  is  a  profuse  bloomer,  a  plant  in 
the  Sunningdale  Nursery — growing,  like  the  others, 
on  a  stout  pole — was  covered  with  a  mass  of  flowers 
that  almost  hid  the  leaves.  If  asked  to  name  three 
distinct  coloured  autumn-blooming  Clematis  that  give 
a  profusion  of  flowers  I  should  say  C.  Jackmanni,  C. 
|.  alba,  and  C.  viticella  rubra  grandiflora. 


REPORT    ON    SOME    KINDS   OF 
SEEDS  OF  THE  HARVEST,  1SS6. 
Messrs.  J.  Carter    &    Co.,  Holborn,    London, 
send  us  the  following  ; — 

Red  Clover. — The  English  crop,  although  not  large, 
will  be  a  very  good  one,  as  the  fine  summer  and  autumn 
has  been  most  favourable  to  its  development.  The 
reports  from  Germany,  France,  Denmark,  Italy,  and 
other  producing  districts,  vary  considerably,  the  general 
estimates  appearing  to  point  to  an  average  crop.  -Ameri- 
can reports  are,  if  anything,  less  promising  than  last 
year,  the  general  opinion  indicating  that  supplies  will 
not  be  more  than  is  likely  to  be  required  for  the  home 
consumption.  Judging  of  the  standard  qualities  from 
samples  that  have  come  into  our  possession,  they  are 
very  sickly  and  poor  in  appearance,  when  contrasted 
with  European-grown  seed.  It  may  therefore  be  reason- 
ably expected  the  red  Clover  crop  taken  all  round  will  be 
of  quite  an  average  character,  and  the  quality  of  the 
English  and  European  samples  may  be  taken  to  range 
even  better  than  those  of  last  year. 

White  Clover.— There  is  again  a  fair  average  crop  of 
good  English  seed,  which  must  have  been  harvested  in 
excellent  condition.  The  predictions  we  have  made  in 
earlier  reports  as  to  the  probable  Continental  output 
have  been  more  than  confirmed,  and  it  is  now  an  unde- 
niable fact  that  the  crops,  both  in  Europe  and  America, 
are  deficient  in  quantity  and  quality.  In  Moravia  and 
Bohemia  especially  the  crops  are  exceedingly  meagre, 
whilst  Galicia  and  Poland  fine  quahlies  will  be  few  and 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


499 


fdf  between.  In  AUUria  and  Hungary  crops  are  reported 
exceedingly  small,  and  tlie  bulk  of  inferior  quality. 

A!5ikc.—h%  usual  some  pretty  English  samples  are 
advised  as  coming  forward  ;  reports  of  the  Continental 
crop  are  uncert.iin  at  present,  the  general  opinion  being 
that  the  average  will  turn  out  a  satisfactory  one.  It  is 
rather  early  yet  to  expect  reliable  reports  from  Canada 
and  the  United  Stales,  but  it  will  be  remembered  these 
districts  produce  such  small  quantities  of  this  seed  as  to 
have  little  or  no  effect  upon  the  market. 

Trefoil  is  again  an  average  crop,  both  in  English  and 
foreign  seed,  and  no  perceptible  advance  is  expected  for 
some  time.     Samples  are  bold  and  of  good  colour. 

Lucerne  is  reported  a  little  below  the  average,  but  some 
samples  oJ  excellent  quality  have  come  before  u?. 

Timothy. — The  dry  season  in  the  United  States  has 
had  the  effect  of  considerably  shortening  the  crop  of  this 
seed,  and  from  the  same  cause  the  seed  is  more  hulled 
than  usual.  On  the  other  hand,  the  German  crop  is 
reported  better  than  usual. 

Italim  Rye-grass. — The  English,  Irish,  Scotch,  and 
French  crops  are  very  large  and  of  excellent  quality  ;  in 
fact,  the  present  price  for  French  grown  is  lower  than  it 
has  been  for  many  years.  The  samples  of  home-grown 
seed  that  we  have  handled  show  fine  quality. 

Perennial  Rye-grass. — This  proves  to  be  an  abundant 
crop  both  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  and  excepting  where 
the  rainfall  has  been  exceptionally  hea\y,  samples  are 
bright  in  colour  and  of  excellent  quality  ;  the  natural 
weight  per  bushel  is  also  heavier  than  the  last  few  pre- 
ceding years. 

Rape  continues  remarkably  low  in  price,  and  samples 
of  the  new  crop  bear  indications  of  very  fine  quality. 
Unusually  low  values  may  be  expected  to  rule  for  this 
article  for  some  time. 

Mustard. — A  good  average  crop,  of  fine  quality  and 
blight  colour. 

Canary  and  Hemp.—Ya.\r  average  crops. 

Swede  and  Turnifs — In  quality  exceedingly  good, 
but  the  crops  have  come  in  short  in  some  districts,  whilst 
in  others  the  very  favourable  summer  and  harvest  has 
tended  to  de'iveries  exceeding  in  quantity  the  earlier 
estimate  formed  of  the  probable  quantities. 

Natural  Grasses. 

Antkoxantkum  odoratum. — This  grass  is  reported  to 
be  only  about  a  one-fourth  average  crop,  owing  to  frost 
during  the  time  the  plant  was  in  flower. 

Agrostis  stolonifcra. — Both  in  Germany  and  .\merica 
this  is  reported  to  be  an  average  crop  of  fine  quality. 

Alopecurus  praicnsis  is  probably  one  of  the  shortest 
harvests  for  many  years,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the 
samples  show  an  exceedingly  low  range  of  germination. 

Cynosurus  cristatus  may  be  taken  generally  to  h^ 
quite  an  average  crop,  the  samples  of  Dutch  grown  seed 
being  remarkable  both  for  colour  and  germination.  On 
the  other  band,  the  German  and  Irish  samples  are  all 
more  or  less  damaged  by  rain. 

Dactylis  ^hmerata  in  all  producing  districts  is  a  very 
large  and  excellent  crop,  giving  a  high  standard  of 
vitality. 

Festuca  tenuifuUa. — This  crop  is  almost  a  failure,  and 
it  is  fortunate  that  its  principal  use  is  in  the  formation  of 
mixtures  for  lawns  and  pleasure-grounds,  as  there  is  not 
a  sufficient  supply  of  the  seed  in  reliable  quantity  to  meet 
any  demand  that  might  be  created  for  the  purposes  of 
permanent  pastures. 

F.  duriuscula  is  a  heavy  crop,  and  the  seed  is  of 
excellent  quality.     Prices  must  range  lower  than  usual. 

F.  pratensis. —The  crop  of  this  important  grass  is 
also  a  most  satisfactory  one,  whilst  the  germination  of 
such  samples  as  we  have  tested  has  proved  exceedingly 
good.  Present  prices  rule  very  reasonable,  and  may  be 
expected  to  continue. 

F.  elaiior. — This  grass  is  still  exceedingly  scarce,  the 
principal  source  of  supply  being  from  the  Australasian 
colonies.  The  average  quality  may  bs  described  as  very 
good,  and  the  germination  up  to  the  usual  standard. 

Poa  trivialis  and  P.  nemoralis. — Both  are  reported  as 
scarce,  the  damage  to  the  crops  by  rain  being  very 
great. 

P.  praUnsis,  on  the  other  hand,  both  in  Europe  and 
America,  is  reported  to  be  a  large  crop,  and  all  the 
samples  we  have  seen  give  signs  ot  excellent  quality. 

There  is  always  a  great  range  of  values  in  these  goods, 
as  the  price  entirely  depends  upon  vitality  and  purity. 
As  usual  there  is  an  abimdance  of  low  quality  seed  upon 
the  raaiket  at  all  sorts  of  prices. 


-00ieri3, 


ROSE  ABBE  GIRARDIN. 

The  above  Rose  is  a  Bourbon  variety  sent  out  by 
Bernaix  in  i8Sr.  It  is  not  very  vigorous,  being  of 
slender  dwarf  habit,  though,  like  all  Bourbons,  it 
flowers  freely  in  autumn.  The  flowers  when  opening 
are  of  a  pleasing  pointed  shape,  of  a  soft  rose  colour  ; 
but  the  bloom  very  rapidly  opens  out  perfectly  flat, 
and  assumes  a  dull  lilac  tint. 

It  has  been  generally  discarded,  as  it  is  not  vigorous ; 
its  flowers  are  not  large  nor  well  enough  formed,  nor 


are  they  particularly  distinct  or  attractive  in  colour. 
In  fact,  it  is  too  miffy  to  be  worth  growing  for  gar- 
den decoration  or  for  cut  flowers,  and  is  not  good 
enough  for  exhibition,  being  just  one  of  those  worth- 
less varieties  that  ought  never  to  be  distributed.  T. 
W.  Girdkslonc. 


Itfftitcs  0f  Jaohs. 

The  Flora  of  Oxfordshire. 
Mr.  Druce's  Flora  of  this  county  has  been  recently 
published  by  Parker  &  Co.,  of  Oxford.  It  is 
on  the  plan  of  Trimcn  and  Dyer's  Flora  of  Middlesex^ 
and  is  preceded  by  an  interesting  introduction.  While 
the  flora  of  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Oxford  is  well 
known,  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  city  itself  is 
on  the  borders  of  Berkshire,  in  which  county  the  rich 
hunting  ground  of  Bagley  Wood  is  situate,  and  that 
the  outlying  districts  of  the  county  are  little  known 
by  Oxford  residents,  who  will,  in  consequence,  be 
under  obligations  to  Mr.  Druce.  Mr.  Druce  enu- 
merates in  all  910  species,  a  rather  large  number,  and 
the  enumeration  is  enlivened  by  numerous  illustrative 
notes  from  the  authot's  own  pen,  or  from  the  works 
of  his  predecessor?.  A  very  interesting  part  of  the 
work  is  his  chapter  on  the  botanists  connected  with 
Oxford,  among  which  we  find  an  appreciative  note 
of  the  labours  of  the  late  William  Baxter,  one  of  the 
keenest  botanists  that  have  ever  contributed  to  the 
knowledge  of  British  plants  ;  but  we  miss  any  account 
of  the  "weeds"  of  the  Botanic  Garden,  which 
from  the  long  establishment  of  the  garden  are 
of  an  interesting  character,  and  some  of  which 
have  spread  in  the  neighbourhood.  No  doubt 
Senecio  squalidus,  the  greatest  ornament  of  the 
Oxford  walls,  was  originally  an  escape  from  this 
garden.  Transported  from  the  dry  oolitic  walls  to 
the  Bower  garden,  the  plant  alters  its  character, 
becomes  much  more  robust  and  luxuriant,  and  pro- 
duces a  profusion  of  long-continued  flowers  ;  but,  in 
any  case,  it  belies  its  name,  for  it  is  a  particularly 
ornamental  plant,  and  how  or  why  Linnaeus  called  it 
S,  fqualidus  is  a  mystery.  Oxfordshire,  from  the 
variety  of  its  soil,  is  particularly  well  suited  for  inves- 
tigation of  the  relation  between  the  nature  of  the  soil 
and  the  character  of  the  plants  growing  on  it,  but 
this  is  a  subject  but  little  attended  to  in  the  present 
volume.  Mr.  Boswell  adds  a  list  of  raosses  and 
Hepatic??,  and  other  lists  are  given  of  Lichens  and 
fungi.  

Origin  of  Cultivated  Plants. 

A  third  edition  of  M.  Alph.  de  Candolle's  Origine 
des  Planus  cuUivks  has  been  receutly  published  by 
Felix  Alcan,  loS,  Boulevard  Saint  Germain,  Paris, 
the  text  having  been  revised  and  a  few  additions 
made.  Amongst  other  things  reference  is  made  to  Mr, 
Baker's  paper  on  the  tuberous  species  of  Solanumand 
to  his  opinion  that  the  S.  Maglia  of  Molina  and  Danal 
was  not  the  origin  of  the  cultivated  S.  tuberosum  as 
Sabine,  Lindley,  and  Darwin,  and  A.  de  CandoUe 
himself,  considered.  Had  M.  de  CandoUe  been 
aware  of  the  result  of  the  experimental  culture  made 
by  Messrs.  Sutton  at  Reading  this  year,  he  would 
have  been  more  than  ever  convinced  of  the  correctness 
of  his  views,  for  it  is  certain  that  S.  Maglia  received 
from  Kew,  and  cultivated  by  Messrs.  Sutton,  has  this 
year  gone  away  from  the  Maglia  form  and  assumed 
very  much  that  of  ordinary  tuberosum.  It  may  here 
be  added  that  some  mistake  has  crept  into  M.  de  Can- 
dolle's work  at  p.  374.  The  Potato  flowers  examined 
by  Dr.  Masters  were  grown  at  Chiswick,  not  at  Kew, 
as  stated,  and  though  some  150  varieties  have  been 
under  observation  only  a  small  proportion  have 
flowered,  although  all  of  those  that  did  flower  bore  out 
M.  de  Candolle's  opinion.  As  to  the  origin  of  the 
Gossypiumbarbadense,  generally  cultivated  in  Tropical 
Africa,  it  seems  probable  that  it  originated  from  the 
species  described  by  Dr.  Masters  as  G.  Kirkii,  a  native 
of  Zanzibar,  but  further  evidence  is  required. 


Illustrated  Handbook  of  Victoria. 
We  have  already  alluded  to  this  excellent  handbook 
to  the  colony  of  Victoria,  and  to  the  display  made  by 
this  colony  at  the  Colonial  Exhibition  ;  but  the 
receipt  of  a  copy  from  the  Commissioner  gives  us  an 
opportunity  of  again  calling  attention  to  it.  No  one 
tbinking  of  taking  up  his  residence  in  the  colony 


should  do  so  without  consulting  this  richly  illustrated 
volume.  Mr.  J.  L.  D^w,  M.P.,  writes  on  the  agri- 
culture of  the  colony,  Mr.  W.  Elliott  on  the  horti- 
culture, due  credit  being  given  to  the  unwearied 
labour  of  Baron  Von  Mueller,  and  to  the  energy 
of  Mr.  Bosisto.  Public  gardens  are  common 
throughout  the  colony,  and  many  of  them  are 
described  as  very  handsome — a  statement  borne  out 
by  the  numerous  photographs  exhibited  at  the  Colo- 
nial Exhibition.  The  condition  of  the  Melbourne 
B)tanic  Garden  reflects  great  credit  on  the  director, 
Mr.  Guilfoyle.  Numerous  horticultural  societies 
exist — one,  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  Vic- 
toria, at  Melbourne,  having  an  experimental  garden. 


Subtropical  Cultivators  and  Climates.* 

The  object  of  this  book,  as  stated  by  the  author,  is 
to  call  attention  to  some  of  the  lesser-known  agricul- 
tural industries  of  subtropical  regions,  which  are 
sources  of  wealth  to  the  inhabitants,  but  which  are 
almost  unknown  to  the  ordinary  class  of  settlers  in 
our  Australian  and  other  colonies.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  Sir  Ferdinand  Mueller's  Select  Extra- Tropical 
Plants,  we  had  no  book  which  dealt  authoritatively 
with  this  subject,  and  Mr.  Haldane's  carefully  com- 
piled and  eminently  practical  work  is  destined  to  have 
a  useful  career.  In  it  are  given  plain  hints  as  regards 
the  cultivation  of  fruits,  alimentary  plants,  condi* 
ments,  vegetable  wax  and  tallow,  oil-plants,  fibres, 
drugs,  tanning  materials,  dye-plants,  as  well  as  tables 
of  tbe  mean  terapereilures  of  subtropical  countries  in 
both  the  Northern  and  Southern  Hemispheres.  Mr. 
Ilaldane,  himself  an  experienced  and  successful 
planter,  brings  to  his  aid  a  large  and  varied  experi- 
ence gathered  in  many  land=^,  and  hence  his  book  is 
not  merely  a  compilation,  but  the  result  of  practical 
knowledge  and  observation,  which  fits  it  in  a  special 
manner  to  meet  the  requirements  of  "colonial 
settlers  and  emigrants."  The  chapters  on  Tea,  Coffee, 
Olive,  Fig,  Orange,  give  within  a  short  compass 
all  that  is  necessary  to  enable  an  intelligent  planter  to 
draw  his  own  conclusions  as  to  the  suitability  of 
these  industries  to  the  temperature,  soil,  and  climate 
of  the  country  in  which  he  dwells.  Cinchona, 
although  it  bears  a  cooler  climate  than  Coffee,  is  for 
some  unexplained  reason  left  out.  The  chapter  on 
fibres  is  possibly  the  weakest  in  the  book,  for  while 
it  gives  Sorghum  dura  as  the  first  on  the  list  of  textile 
materials,  it  omits  the  celebrated  China-grass,  Boeh- 
meria  nivea,  and  passes  over  the  Agave  hemp?,  which 
latter  supply,  next  to  hemp,  the  chief  rope  materials  of 
the  world.  These  and  similar  omissions  will,  no 
doubt,  receive  due  attention  in  a  subsequent  edition, 
and  by  means  of  judicious  pruning  in  such  chapters 
as  those  on  Tobacco,  Cotton,  &:c.,  the  size  of  the 
book  need  not  be  grea'ly  enlarged.  As  a  first  attempt 
to  deal  in  a  practical  manner  with  subtropical  culti- 
vations Mr.  Haldane's  book  is  decidedly  a  success, 
and  the  publishers  have  done  everything  they  could 
to  issue  a  neat  and  attractive  volume. 


C  E  Y  L  O  N.t 

In  a  paper  on  this  country  the  author  says  :  — 
Attention  was  first  called  to  the  fact  that  the  island 
of  Ceylon  was  practically  known  to  Europeans  only 
by  its  south-west  part,  t)eing  about  one-fifth  of  the 
whole  area,  but  including  the  chief  European  centres, 
the  planting  districts  of  the  hills,  and  the  railway 
system.  The  remainder  of  the  country  is  thickly 
covered  with  jungle,  thinly  inhabited,  and  rarely 
visited  by  Europeans,  save  Government  officials  and 
sportsmen.  This  difference  was  shown  to  be  due  to 
climate,  especially  to  rainfall.  The  distribution  of 
the  rain,  so  far  as  is  shown  by  annual  amount,  was 
exhibited  by  a  map,  in  which  the  great  advantage  to 
the  south-west  of  the  lofty  forest-clad  escarpment  of 
the  central  mountain-mass  of  over  7000  feet  was  ex- 
hibited. The  south-west  monsoon  wind  commencing 
at  the  end  of  May  deposits  an  immense  quantity  of 
rain  here,  especially  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Adam's 
Peak.  In  the  rest  of  the  island  this  wind  becomes 
dry,  and  the  country  is  parched  and  arid  until  the 
arrival  of  the  north-east  monsoon,  which  commences 
in  October.  This  wind  brings  rain  to  the  whole 
island,  and  is  the  only  rain  which  the  dry  di^ilricts 
get ;  in  many  places  it  all  falls  in  a  few  weeks,  when 

*  Sithtrcptcnl  Culinrntors  and  CHifiates.  A  H.-indy-book  for 
Planters,  C  ,lonists,  and  Settlers.  By  R.  C.  Haldane.  Black- 
wood &  Sons,  i386,  pp.  30S. 

t  On  the  Flora  of  Ceylon,  especially  as  AJected  by  CUmalc. 
By  Henry  Trimen,  M  B..  F.L  S. 


Soo 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  1886 


the  country  is  completely  under  water,  though 
parched  with  drought  for  the  rest  of  the  year.  This 
is  very  different  to  the  well-known  south-west  of 
Ceylon,  where,  save  in  February  or  March,  a  fort- 
night's drought  is  a  very  rare  event.  In  some  parts 
over  200  inches  falls  in  the  year.  In  these  respects 
Ceylon  is  an  epitome  or  continuation  of  the  southern 
Indian  peninsula. 

The  peculiarities  of  the  flora  were  then  gone 
through  in  some  detail,  taking  first  the  low  country 
of  the  wet  districts  up  lo  3000  (eet— in  which  the 
number  of  introduced  tropical  plants  was  commented 
upon  ;  then  of  the  lower  hills,  the  principal  home  of 
the  planting  enterprise  and  Tea  and  Coffee  estates  ; 
and  next  of  the  higher  or  true  mountain  districts 
above  5000  feet.  In  the  low  country  the  forest  has 
been  much  destroyed  by  the  indolent  and  improvident 
native  mode  of  cultivation  called  chena^  and  but 
little  virgin  forest  remains  in  this  portion  o(  Ceylon. 
From  3000  to  5000  feet  the  agent  of  destruction  has 
been  European  planting,  and  the  forest  has  almost 
wholly  disappeared.  Above  5000  feet  land  is  no 
longer  sold  by  Government.  Attention  was  specially 
called  to  the  concentration  of  endemic  species  in  this 
wet  district— over  Soo,  or  nearly  30  per  cent,  of  the 
whole  flora— and  to  the  strongly  Malayan,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  Peninsular  Indian,  type  of  these  and 
of  the  whole  flora. 

There  are  no  alpine  plants  in  the  Ceylon  hills ; 
dense  forest  covers  their  summits,  but  a  number  of 
temperate  genera  are  represented.  This  flora  is 
entirely  Indian  in  type,  with  no  genus  represented 
which  is  not  also  found  in  the  Nilghiris,  but  the 
number  of  endemic  species  is  very  remarkable,  only 
about  200  being  common  to  both  mountain  ranges. 

A  few  remarks  were  then  made  upon  the  naturally 
open  grass  lands,  called  "  patana,"  in  the  hills,  and 
their  peculiar  vegetation.  The  flora  of  the  great  dry 
tracks  ol  Ceylon  was  then  considered.  It  is  com- 
pletely distinct  from  that  already  considered,  being 
mainly  the  same  as  that  of  the  Carnatic  or  Coroman- 
del  coast  of  India,  with  no  Malayan  admixture,  and 
very  few  endemic  species.  The  whole  country  is 
covered  with  forest,  apparently  primaeval  j  but  in 
reality  much  of  it  is  secondary,  and  not  more  than 
800  or  1000  years  old,  as  is  reported  by  native  tradi- 
tion, and  evidenced  by  the  vast  remains  of  temples, 
tanks,  and  ancient  buildings  now  overgrown  with 
trees.  Most  of  the  timbers  of  importance  in  trade  are 
obtained  in  these  districts,  and,  owing  to  a  very 
faulty  forest  conservancy,  there  is  now  but  little  first- 
class  timber  remaining,  save  in  very  remote  places. 
The  botanical  characters  of  this  forest,  which  is  every- 
where evergreen,  were  given  j  and  the  paper  con- 
cluded with  a  few  remarks  on  the  coast  flora,  which 
is  very  uniform  throughout  the  tropical  belt  of  the 
world. 


far  as  is  known,  of  little  value  as  timber  tree.=.  They 
have  not  been  long  enough  in  the  country  to  enable 
any  judgment  to  be  formed  as  to  their  value  for 
timber.  The  Canadian  species,  the  Hemlock  of 
Longfellow's  "forest  primaeval,"  is,  however,  valued 
here  for  the  sake  of  its  bark,  which  is  used  for  tanning. 


TSUGA    BRUNONIANA. 

Some  short  time  since  (July  17,  p.  73)  we  were 
favoured  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  with  a  very  pic- 
turesque description  of  this  beautiful  Hemlock  Spruce 
and  a  drawing  of  the  tree  as  found  in  its  native 
country.  We  have  now  the  opportunity  of  figuring 
a  branch  with  cones  from  the  rich  collection  at  Drop- 
more  (fig.  loi).  As  seen  there,  the  plant  in  its  present 
stale  forms  a  dense  oblong  bush  rather  than  a  tree, 
the  trunk  being  concealed  by  the  thick  pendulous 
branches.  The  leaves  measure  nearly  an  inch  in 
length,  and  are  of  a  very  beautilul  silver-grey  on 
the  under  surface.  The  young  cones,  too,  which  are 
ovoid  pointed  in  outline,  are  of  a  beautiful  glaucous 
colour.  From  many  of  them  the  axis  protrudes  in  the 
form  of  a  small  leaf-bearing  shoot.  We  have  also  seen 
cone-bearing  specimens  from  Mr.  Rogers'  nursery  at 
Southampton,  and  from  Mr.  Farrant's  grounds 
in  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  are  familiar  with 
the  plant  in  various  places,  but  nowhere  have 
we  seen  it  in  more  beautiful  condition  than  at 
Dropmore.  In  most  places  it  is  considered  tender. 
Representatives  ol  this  genus  occur  in  north-eastern 
and  in  north-western  America,  in  Japan,  and  in  the 
Himalayas.  The  plants  are  like  true  Spruces,  in  their 
branches  being  provided  with  little  peg-like  projec- 
tions J  their  pendulous  cones  with  their  peristent 
scales  are  also  Spruce-like.  Their  flat  leaves  twisted 
at  the  base  are  more  like  those  of  the  Silver  Fir,  but 
differing  from  all  other  Conifers  in  having  one  single 
resin  canal  in  the  centre  of  the  leaf  beneath  the 
midrib. 

All  the  Tsugas  are  of  ornamental  character,  but,  so 


j40MJE     -pOFJFiEgPONDENCE. 


Burnt  Earth  for  Alpine  Plants. — Cultivators  of 
alpine  plants  know  how  difficult  it  is  to  maintain  in  a 
healthy  state  for  any  length  of  time  those  species 
which  in  their  natural  habitats  are  limited  to  the 
Hssures  of  rocks,  e^g.^  many  of  the  small  harrl-foliaged 
Saxifrages  and  Androsaces,  which  seem  to  delight,  not 
in  high  living,  but  to  support  themselves  on  a  bare 
hard  rock-surface  with  little  apparent  food-supply. 
Three  or  four  years  ago  I  made  some  experiments  on 
the  pot-culture  of  such  species,  one  set  being  planted 
in  a  mixture  of  grit,  peat,  and  a  little  loam  and  sand  ; 
a  second  in  6nely  pulverised  fire-brick  ;  and  a  third 
set  in  finely  pulverised  soft  red  brick  material.  The 
ordinary  treatment  met  with  the  ordinary  result,  the 
loss  of  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  plants,  the 
remainder  becoming  sickly  and  impoverished  in  a  year 
or  two.  Those  planted  in  the  pulverised  burnt  brick- 
dust  formed  a  marked  contrast  to  the  first  set,  not 
only  in  the  proportion  of  survivors,  but  in  the 
thoroughly  healthy  aspect  of  the  plants.  In  one  case 
all  died  that  were  potted  in  the  grit  compost,  those  in 
the  burnt  brickdust  remaining  vigorous  and  healthy 
up  to  the  present  time.  I  believe  that  the  most 
delicate  alpines  could  be  grown  successfully  in  finely 
pulverised  fire-brick  refuse  with  a  very  slight  admix- 
ture of  peat  and  loam.  Such  a  material  insures 
perfect  and  immediate  drainage,  and  from  its  absorbent 
qualities  has  the  advantage  of  retaining  the  necessary 
moisture  without  becoming  soddeoed.  Burnt  earth, 
calcined  clay,  and  almost  all  burnt  materials  are 
absorbent  of  gases  and  ammonia,  and  thus  become 
reservoirs  of  plant-food.  The  pulverised  red-brick 
and  pulverised  fire-brick  refuse  produced  very  similar 
results,  but  I  think  they  were  slightly  in  favour  of  the 
ground  fire-brick  refuse.  This  can  be  obtained  at 
most  fire-brick  works,  and  is  technically  known  as 
"ground  sherds."  George  Maw^  F.L.S.^  Benthall^ 
Kenhy,  Oct,  6. 

Influence  of  Heat  and  Moisture  on  Fruit 
Crops. — The  contrast  between  the  crops  of  the 
three  principal  tree  fruits,  viz.,  Apples,  Pears,  and 
Plums,  this  year  and  last,  is  so  great  that  it  is  worth 
while  considering  its  causes.  It  will  probably  be 
admitted  that  the  conditions  necessary  for  producing 
good  fruit  crops  are  : — I.  A  high  temperature  and 
moderate  rainfall  during  July  and  August  of  the  pre- 
vious year.  2,  An  absence  of  severe  (for  the  time  of 
year)  frost  when  the  trees  are  in  bloom.  To  these  I 
venture  to  add — 3.  A  rainfall  of  at  least  1  inches 
(more  or  less  according  to  the  nature  of  the  soil)  in 
May,  when  the  fruit  is  setting.  Generally  speaking 
in  1885  there  were  poor  crops  of  Pears  and  Plums, 
and  fair  to  good  crops  of  Apples.  This  year  there 
have  been  remarkable  crops  of  Plums,  good  crops  of 
Pears,  and  poor  crops  of  Apples.  In  my  own  garden 
at  Colwyn  Bay,  where  my  observations  have  been 
made,  all  three  crops  were  poor  in  1885,  while  this 
year  there  are  the  best  crops  of  Plums  and  Pears  I 
have  ever  known,  and  fair  crops  of  Apples,  some 
varieties  having  good  crops  and  others  none.  The 
orchard  is  on  a  terrace  slope  facing  south-east,  and 
the  soil  is  porous  and  warm,  being  a  decomposed  clay- 
slate  with  many  stones.  In  the  accompanying  state- 
ment the  temperatures  are  taken  from  daily  observa- 
tions on  instruments  verified  at  Kew  and  in  a  Steven- 
son case.  As  regards  these — I.  Temperature  of  pre- 
ceding year. — In  1884  the  mean  maximum  temperature 
for  July  was  only  i"  lower  than  in  1885,  but  the  hot 
weather  was  chiefiy  at  the  beginning  of  the  month, 
when  growth  was  or  ought  to  have  been  going  on, 
and  there  were  4  43  inches  of  rain.  In  July,  1885,  the 
hot  weather  was  from  the  22d  to  3[st,  without  rain. 
In  August,  1884,  there  was  the  unusually  high  mean 
maximum  of  70". 6,  the  hottest  weather  being  from  the 
1st  to  the  24th,  with  little  rain.  In  August,  1885, 
there  was  a  mean  maximum  of  only  64", 7,  the  daily 
maxima  being  continuously  above  65"  for  one  week 
only,  viz.,  from  the  20th  to  the  26ch.  The  difference 
of  rainfall  in  the  two  years  was  not  material.  2. 
Frost  at  time  of  blossom,  1885 — The  lowest  tem- 
perature registered  in  May  (the  Pears  and  Plums  were 
not  fairly  in  bloom  till  the  first  week  in  May)  was 
35°.3.  The  lowest  in  April,  32°.3,  on  the  17th. 
1886. — On  April  30  the  thermometer  registered 
28°.7.  An  entry  in  my  diary  on  May  9,  that  *'  many 
Pear  trees  have  shed  their  petals,"  shows  that  most 
of  them  must  have  been  in  bloom  on  April  30.  This 
is  further  shown  by  the  fact  that  the  Pear  trees  at  the 
bottom  of  the  hill  in  my  kitchen  garden  have  scarcely 
a   Pear  on  them,    the  frost  being,  of  course,  more 


intense  at  the  lowest  point.  3.  Rainfall  in  May. — 
In  1885  this  was  i.4[  inch,  in  i886  4.91  inches. 
We  see,  therefore,  as  regards  the  crop  of  1885 
that  there  was  in  July,  1884,  a  fairly  high  tem- 
perature at  the  beginning,  but  a  high  rainfall. 
August  was  an  unusually  hot  and  dry  month.  There 
was  no  frost  in  1885  at  the  time  of  blossom.  So  far 
alt  is  favourable  to,  at  all  events,  a  good  crop  of 
Apples.  But  the  toral  rainfall  for  April  and  May, 
1885.  was  only  2  93  inches.  Taking  now  the  crop 
of  1886,  we  have  hot  weather  at  the  end  of  July,  1885, 
but  a  very  cold  August,  and  a  sharp  frost  at  the  blos- 
soming time  of  Pears  and  Plums.  But  the  total  rain- 
fall for  April  and  May,  i886,  was  7.  29  inches.  The  in- 
ference I  draw  from  the  above  facts  is,  that  to  have  good 
crops  of  Pears  and  Plums  it  is  necessary  that  the  latter 
hall  of  the  precedmg  July  should  be  hot  and  dry, 
and  for  Apples,  the  first  three  weeks  of  August  ; 
while  for  all  three  a  considerable  rainfall  in  May  is 
necessary.  Spring  frost  had  no  effect  where  the  trees 
were  properly  planted,  i.e.^  Pears  and  Plums  at  the 
top  of  the  slope  and  Apples  at  the  bottom.  This  plan 
I  adopted  in  planting  my  orchard,  with  the  result 
that,  in  spite  of  thinning,  there  are  breakdown  crops 
of  Pears  in  it  while  the  older  trees  in  the  kitchen 
garden  at  the  bottom  of  the  hill  have,  as  already 
stated,  no  crops.  I  would  only  add  that,  as  we  have 
not  had  a  decent  crop  of  Pears  since  1879,  periodicity 
will  hardly  account  for  it.  Of  Plums  we  have  never  be- 
fore had  a  fair  crop,  nor  is  it  much  to  boast  of  even  this 
year  :  our  summers  are  not  hot  enough.  In  my  gar- 
den here  (Chester)  there  is  the  finest  crop  of  Pears  I 
ever  remember.  Old  standard  trees  have  borne  a 
crop  which  never  did  before — at  all  events,  since 
1870.   Alfredo,   Walker,  Chester. 

A  Primula  Sport.— One  of  the  oddest  of  foliage 
sports  from  the  Chinese  Primrose  I  have  yet  seen 
Mr.  James  has  in  his  capital  collection  of  those 
flowers  at  Woodside,  Farnham  Royal.  The  parent 
of  the  sport  is  a  semi-double  bright  red,  the  which 
again  sported  from  the  Chiswick  Red.  But  in  the 
case  of  the  new  sport,  of  which  there  are  six  plants, 
and  all  from  a  batch  of  seed  of  the  semi-double,  saved 
and  sown  this  year,  has  leaves  utterly  unlike  that  of 
any  ordinary  form  of  Primula  ;  indeed,  they  are  about 
the  size  and  shape  of  Cyclamen  leaves,  or  perhaps 
more  nearly  resemble  those  of  Saxifraga  sarmentosa, 
being  almost  rounded,  and  slightly  serrated  at  the 
edges.  The  stems  are  of  the  usual  length,  and  dark 
red  in  hue.  It  will  be  exceedingly  interesting  to  note 
what  kind  of  flowers  and  floral  habit  will  be  later 
shown  on  these  plants.  A.  D. 

Helianthus  Isetiflorus,  —  Amongst  many  gay 
autumn  flowering  plants  which  now  brighten  my 
garden  on  October  6,  none  surpasses  H.  Ixtiflorus 
(Persoon),  of  which  I  have  sent  four  flowers.  Tbii 
plant  might  easily  be  considered  a  tall  late  variety  of 
H.  rigidus ;  but  Asa  Gray — the  highest  authority  in 
this  class — has  confirmed  its  position  as  a  distinct 
species.  The  differences,  however,  are  slight  and  hard 
to  define.  H.  lastiSorus  in  my  garden  is  six  weeks  or 
two  months  later,  and  nearly  2  feet  taller,  than  H. 
rigidus,  reaching  to  nearly  7  feet.  Asa  Gray  notices 
also  a  slight  difference  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
involucral  bracts,  which  I  have  found  more  con- 
spicuous in  the  bud  than  in  the  flower.  The  disc  of 
H.  Isetiflorus  when  in  flower  is  less  dark  than  that  of 
H,  rigidus.  The  former  has  a  more  limited  geo- 
graphical range,  being  confined  to  the  States  touching 
Lake  Michigan  on  the  west  and  south.  The  flowers 
I  have  sent  are  of  a  semi-double  form,  a  variation 
often  assumed  in  cultivation  by  this  section  of  Sun- 
flowers making  them  more  ornamental.  C.  Wollty 
Dod,  Edge  Hall,  Afalpas,  Oct.  6. 

The  Potato  Crop  and  Cultivation.— The  early 
and  second  early  varieties  suffered  somewha  from 
drought  during  the  early  part  of  the  season,  but  the 
crop  has  been  good  and  free  from  disease,  the  tubers 
being  rather  smaller  than  usual.  The  varieties  to  which 
I  allude  are,  Veitch's  Ashleaf,  Myatt's  Ashleaf,  Early 
Coldstream,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  Covent  Garden  Per- 
fection, and  Welford  Park  Kidney ;  International| 
with  us,  was  very  badly  diseased.  Late  varieties, 
which  we  have  now  finished  taking  up,  are  most 
excellent,  both  as  regards  quantity,  size,  and  being 
free  from  disease.  Yorkshire  Hero  and  Schoolmas- 
ter are  two  excellent  varieties  for  dining-room 
purposes  ;  Reading  Hero  and  SnowSake  also  crop 
well ;  Magnum  Bonums  are  a  heavy  crop,  and  much 
larger  in  size  than  last  year  ;  Wormleighton  Seedling 
is  also  an  excellent  crop.  This  variety  carries  us 
through  for  supply  till  new  ones  come  in  again,  in 
quantity,  next  year.  I  find  in  cultivation  (after  some 
years*  experience)  that  leaf-soils  suit  the  requirements 
of  the  Potato  better  than  anything  else  in  the  shape 
of  manures  ;  and  I  use  it  largely  for  this  purpose.  I 
have  annually  raised  together  in  the  park,  from  forty 
to  fifty  waggon-loads  of  leaves,  principally  Oak  and 
Beech,  which  I  use  lor  the  plunging  of  Pines,  forcing 
Potatos,  and  a  variety  of  other  purposes  ;  and  after 
it  has  served  this  purpose  I  have  it  turned  over  once 
or  twice  to  help  decay,  and   then   apply  it  to  the 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


501 


ground  intended  for  Potatos.  It  is  suitable  for  either 
a  wet  or  dry  season,  and  it  invariably  produces  a  crop 
of  tubers  of  the  best  table  quality.  Edward  IVard, 
Hewell  Gardens,  Bromsgrovt, 

Picea  ajanensis. — Referring  to  the  note  of  your 
correspondent,  J.  Douglas,  respecting  Picea  ajanen- 
8iS|  I  could  agree  with  him  that  it  is  a  very  pretty 


silvery  on  all  its  surfaces.  P.  ajanensis  is  pretty 
because  of  its  dwarf,  compact  habit.  P.  Parryana 
glauca  is  something  more  than  pretty  because  of  its 
free,  robust,  and  vigorous  habit,  combined  with  a 
uniform  silveriness.  Mr.  Douglas'  note  suggested  to 
me  the  desirability  of  your  correspoodents  indicating 
the  situation  ur  kind  of  soil  to  which  their  remarks 
apply.     Mr,  D,  says,  "Our  ground  is  now  parched 


Fig.  ioi.— tsuqa  brunoniana  :  Himalayan  hemlock  spruce,    (see  p.  500.) 


Japanese  Spruce,  but  I  think  it  unfortunate  that  he 
should  compare  it  with  a  kind  from  another 
country,  which  it  in  nowise  resembles,  and  I 
must  demur  to  his  expression  that  It  is  "  a 
much  prettier  Spruce  Fir  than  Picea  Parrayana 
glauca  (Picea  pungens),  inasmuch  as  a  Fir  that  is 
only  silvery  oc  one  (the  under)  side  would  not  in  the 
eyes  of  many  persons  look  prettier  than  a  Fir  that  is 


for  want  of  water,  but  this  suits  the  Japanese  Coni- 
fers." From  this  I  suppose  he  is  speaking  of  a 
heavy,  retentive  soil,  whilst  here,  on  a  light  sandy 
loam,  I  find  the  Japanese  Coniferae  revel  in  a  wet 
season.  This,  as  far  as  I  remember,  accords  with 
the  description  of  the  abundant  rains,  or,  rather,  con- 
tinuous drippings,  spoken  of  by  Miss  Bird  in  the 
Narrative  of  a  Visit  to  Japan.  J.  S.  (7.,   York, 


Planting-out  Bouvardias  during  the  Summer. 

— This  practice  has  been  followed  during  the  past 
summer  at  the  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  and  with  the 
best  results.  Three  varieties  appear  to  be  in  the 
largest  demand — Humboldti,  Hogarth,  and  Alfred 
Neuner.  A  goodly  number  of  plants  of  these  were 
planted  out  in  the  open  ground  as  soon  as  danger 
from  late  spring  frosts  was  over  ;  they  are  now  being 
lifted  with  good  balls  of  soil  to  their  roots  and  potted, 
placed  in  a  cold  frame,  and  kept  a  little  close  for  a 
few  days.  They  are  already  in  bloom,  and  in  a  few 
weeks  will  be  charming  bushes  of  flowers  ;  the  growth 
is  very  robust,  and  the  plants  are  all  that  can  be 
desired  in  the  matter  of  cleanliness.  Humboldti  has 
large  while  long-tubed  flowers,  and  it  is  the  most 
fragrant  of  all,  the  perfume  exhaled  from  the  scented 
petals  being  much  more  noticeable  in  the  evening 
than  in  any  other  part  of  the  day.  I  have  often  seen 
Bouvardias  summered  in  pots  with  great  care  and 
labour,  and  successfully,  too,  but  they  never  appeared 
to  me  to  possess  the  rich,  vigorous,  healthy,  clean 
appearance  the  planted*out  plants  at  Slough  do. 
R.  D. 

A  New  Plant-Protecting  Material. — Will  you 
allow  me  space  to  call  the  attention  of  gardeners 
to  Mr.  Eddy's  new  waterproof  canvas  for  pro- 
tecting plants,  &C-,  in  pits  and  fnmes  during 
winter,  as  I  think  it  is  superior  to  mats  as 
a  protection  against  frost  and  cold  rain  or  snow? 
I  used  it  here  last  winter  for  covering  Pine  pits, 
and  found  it  excellent  material,  and  after  using  it 
for  six  months  it  is  almost  as  good  as  when 
first  put  on  the  pit,  which  is  a  great  thing  in  its 
favour,  for  I  believe  it  will  last  three  times  as  long  as 
the  best  Russian  mats,  and  the  cost  is  very  little  more 
than  the  mats  would  be  to  cover  the  same  space.  It 
can  be  had  any  width  to  cover  ordinary  pits.  It  has 
brass  eyelet  holes  fitted  in  the  borders  to  prevent  its 
being  blown  off  by  the  wind.  It  should  be  had  a 
little  wider  than  the  pit,  so  that  the  sides  may  lap 
over  the  back  and  front  of  the  pits,  as  by  so  doing  it 
keeps  the  inmates  much  warmer,  and  is  less  liable  to 
blow  off.  I  have  no  doubt  Messrs.  Eddy,  the  net 
manufacturers  of  Portleven,  would  supply  estimates 
and  all  particulars  to  any  one  that  might  like  to  try 
the  new  covering.  I  feel  sure  whoever  may  do  so 
will  be  pleased  with  the  results.  J.  BudJ,  Lockerby 
Hall  Gardens, 

Bouvardia  Humboldtii  corymbifiora. — The 
most  compact  bushes  that  I  have  seen  of  this 
sweet-scented  white  flowering  plant  were  in  the  gar- 
dens at  Clarendon  Park,  near  Salisbury,  a  short  time 
since.  The  plants  were  planted  out  in  good  soil  in 
an  open  space  in  the  kitchen  garden  with  several 
other  early  autumn  and  winter  flowering  plants, 
towards  the  end  of  May,  and  were  afterwards  attended 
loin  the  way  of  watering  and  pinching  otT  the  shoots, 
with  the  result  that  sturdily  grown  and  compact 
plants  were  secured.  At  the  time  I  saw  them  they 
had  just  been  potted  up,  and  stood  under  a  temporary 
shading,  and  were  covered  with  their  beautiful  Stepha- 
notis-like  flowers,  which  filled  the  evening  air  with  a 
delicious  perfume.  Mr.  Warden,  head  gardener  to 
Sir  F.  H.  Bathurst,  grows  a  goodly  number  of  these 
easily  managed  plants,  which  be  finds  of  great  service 
for  cut  flowers  adapted  for  all  purposes.  H.   W.  IV, 

Wasps. — Judging  by  the  exceeding  plague  of 
wasps  which  trouble  Mr.  Fish  so  exceedingly,  and 
with  such  remarkable  singularity,  this  season,  it 
would  seem  as  if  East  AngHa  were  suffering  some  sort 
of  insect  affliction  for  special  sins.  It  was  very  odd 
that  being  in  a  kitchen  garden  in  Bucks,  and  right  in 
the  midst  of  literally  thousands  of  acres  of  woodland, 
one  morning  lately,  I  should  have  remarked  to 
a  friend  on  the  evident  absence  of  wasps  in  such  a 
district  this  season  as  afforded  in  splendid  crops  of 
Golden  Drop  Plums,  ripe  and  luscious,  yet  hanging 
unprotected  on  wall  trees,  and  also  of  Marie  Louise 
Pears  the  same,  and  yet  not  a  wasp  to  be  seen.  An 
exceedingly  interesting  query  is  thus  presented  for 
explanation  by  our  entomologists.  Why  should  wasps 
be  so  singularly  scarce  in  the  southern  and  warmer 
districts,  and  yet  be  so  abundant  in  the  cooler  regions 
of  East  Anglia  ?  I  hope  not  only  Mr.  Fish  but  all 
gardeners  of  that  unfortunate  district  are  doing  their 
best  to  destroy  the  nests,  as,  combined  with  the 
scarcity  of  these  pests  found  elsewhere,  something 
may  be  done  to  render  them  generally  scarce  for 
several  years  to  come.  A.  D.  [In  another  part  of 
Middlesex  to  that  in  which  our  correspondent  resides 
there  has  been  no  lack  of  wasps.  Ed.] 

Veitch's  New  Pea,  Prodigy,  and  Others  — 
Several  correspondents  have  given  their  opinion  of 
this  Pea,  but  not  a  favourable  one.  As  I  purchased 
it  in  quantity  from  Messrs.  Veitch  I  wish  to  state  how 
it  has  answered  here.  I  was  certainly  disappointed 
with  it  to  a  certain  extent,  but  believe  it  to  be  partly 
due  to  a  bad  season,  as  Peas  in  general  were  not  a 
Batisfactory  crop  in  this  neighbourhood  after  the  first 
crops  were  gathered,  mildew  having  been  prevalent.    I 


502 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  i6,  1886. 


think  Prodigy  is  not  a  strong  growlrg  kind,  and  when 
the  crop  was  in  full  bloom  on  a  dry  soil,  and  wiih  a 
scorching  sun  (and  no  means  of  waterin^^),  most  of  the 
blooms  (ell  off  without  setting  ;  hut  after  a  nice  rain 
made  a  second  bloom,  from  which  I  had  some  nice 
gatherings  for  some  time  after  In  a  good  season  I 
have  CO  doubt  it  will  be  much  better,  and  hope  to  try 
it  again  ;  it  has  two  points  which  should  recommend 
it — cooking  a  nice  green  colour,  and  good  at  table.  I 
exhibited  a  beautiful  dish  of  Trodigy,  amongst 
other  kinds,  at  a  local  show  in  August,  where 
Eone  were  named— it  was  not  noticed  by  the  jjdges  ; 
(he  first  honours  were  given  to  a  sort  said  to  be 
Telephone,  but  nothing  like  the  Telephone  I  have 
seen  before,  and  which  I  have  grown  several  times, 
but  shall  not  do  again.  I  am  much  more  disap- 
pointed with  Eckford's  Duke  of  Connaught,  sent  out 
by  Mr.  Bull.  After  such  high  recommendation,  and 
high  price  too — 2s.  6d.  per  quarter  pint — one  extects 
to  get  something  gcod  for  the  money  ;  it  is  al-o  a 
mixed  sort.  I  cannot  see  any  improvement  on  many 
elder  kinds,  and  in  my  opinion  it  is  certainly  not  equal 
to  some  such  as  Veiich's  Perfection,  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  and 
the  old  Knight's  Wrinkled  Marrow,  and  others  ;  but 
some  of  these  cannot  be  had  now,  as  there  are  so  many 
so  called  new  kinds  in  the  market,  and  gardeners  are 
often  driven  to  save  their  own  seeds,  as  they  are  not 
to  be  depended  on  from  other  sources.  I  am  begin- 
ning to  think  raising  new  Peas  and  new  kinds  of 
Potaios  must  be  a  very  piofraMs  business,  and  afier 
so  much  disappointment  shall  now  keep  to  older 
varieties  principally  till  I  see  something  worih  having 
and  growing.    IK  Divers,  Kctton  Hall,  October  %, 

Carnivorous  Nepenthes,— Has  it  been  observed 
that  the  flowers  of  the  Nepenthes  Hookeri  attract  and 
catch  the  large  beetles,  and  that  even  those  with  wings 
have  no  power  uf  getting  out  of  the  cup  ?  My  atten- 
tion was  attracted  by  the  noise  of  their  claws  scratch- 
ing on  the  sides  of  the  cup  of  the  flower.  Thos. 
Chriity,  Sydenham.  [Pitchers,  not  flowers,  are  pro- 
bably meant  by  our  correspondent.   Ed] 

Amasonia  punicea. — This  introduction  from 
British  Guiana  biis  fair  to  be  a  mot  valuable  ad- 
dition to  our  stove  plants,  and  will,  without  doubt,  be 
extensively  cultivated  when  better  known.  lis  in- 
florescence is  most  brilliant,  the  contrast  between  the 
vermilion-crimson  bracts  and  creamy-white  flowers  is 
very  effective.  As  a  decorative  plant  it  will  prove  to 
be  a  most  distinct  and  useful  subject.  Jas.  Hudson. 

Grafted  Grapes. — Under  the  above  heading,  in 
your  last  issue,  p.  470,  your  correspondent,  "Vris," 
advises  "J.  S."  to  graft  his  Golden  Queen  Vine  with 
Black  Alicante  or  Gros  Maroc.  I  beg  to  say  that 
during  my  experience,  which  extends  over  thirty 
years,  I  have  never  been  able  to  produce  satisfactory 
black  Grapes  of  any  kind  when  woik::d  upon  a  white 
variety,  neither  have  I  seen  a  good  coloured  sample 
result  from  such  unions.  It  would  be  of  interest  if 
some  of  your  experienced  Grape  growers  would 
furnish  their  experience  on  this  subject.  T.  L.^  Oakley 
Court,  Windsor, 

Rhus  radicans  :  Toxicodendron.  —  I  enclose 
leaves  of  Rhus  radicans ;  even  the  very  wet  weather  we 
are  having  does  not  dim  the  singular  beauty  and  bril- 
liancy of  itsscarlet  and  yellowautumn  colouring,  if  the 
plant  be  placed  in  a  somewhat  sunny  position.  It 
seems  to  be  grown  in  various  parts  of  the  country  as 
Ampelopsis  japonica[The  plant  was  cultivated  in  some 
nurseries  under  this  name,  but  the  error  should  be 
corrected  or  the  consequences  may  be  serious.  Ed  ] 
acd  sometimes  as  a  shrub,  not  as  a  climbing  plant; 
against  a  wall,  however,  it  developes  Ivy-Hke 
roots,  and  climbs  well.  The  following  account  of  its 
poisonous  qualities  is  given  by  Professor  Kalm,  in  his 
Travels  in  N'orth  America  ;  but  as  yet  we  have 
found  no  ill  effects  from  growing  it  against  the  house, 
and  using  its  beautiful  autumn  leaves  for  indoor  deco- 
lation.  These  leaves  have  no  smell,  but  the  leaf- 
stalk has  a  very  strong  and  disagreeable  taste. 
Possibly  the  poisonous  qualities  maybe  lessened  when 
the  leaves  change  colour  or  from  difference  of  climate. 
Professor  Kalm  says: — *'  When  the  stem  is  cut  it  emits 
a  pale  brown  sap  of  a  disagreeable  scent.  This  sap 
is  so  sharp  that  the  letters  and  character  made  upon 
linen  with  it  cannot  be  got  out  again,  but  grow 
blacker  the  more  the  cloth  is  washed.  Boys  com- 
monly marked  their  name  on  their  linen  with  this 
juice.  If  you  write  with  it  on  paper,  the  letters  never 
go  out,  but  grow  blacker  from  time  to  time.  This 
species  of  Sumach  has  the  same  noxious  qualities  as 
the  poisonous  Sumach  or  Poison-tree,  which  I  have 
above  described,  being  poisonous  to  some  people 
though  not  to  every  one.  Therefore,  all  that 
has  been  said  of  the  Poison-tree  is  likewise 
applicable  to  this,  excepting  that  the  former  has 
the  stronger  poison.  However,  I  have  seen 
people  who  have  been  as  much  swelled  from  the 
noxious  exhalations  of  the  latter  as  they  could  have 
been  from  those  of  the  former.  I  likewise  know  that 
of  two  sisters,  the  one  could  manage  the  tree  without 


being  affected  by  its  venom,  though  the  other  im- 
mediately felt  it  as  soon  as  the  exhalations  of  the  tree 
came  near  her,  or  whenever  she  came  a  yard  or  two 
near  the  tree,  and  even  when  she  stood  in  the  way  of 
the  wind  which  blew  directly  from  the  shrub.  But 
upon  me  this  species  of  Sumach  has  never  exerted  its 
evil  power,  though  I  made  about  a  hundred  experi- 
ments upon  myself  with  the  greatest  success,  and  the 
juice  once  squirted  into  my  eye  without  doing  me  any 
harm.  On  another  person's  hand  which  I  had 
covered  very  thick  with  it,  the  skin  a  few  hours  after 
btcame  as  hard  as  a  piece  of  tanned  Itather,  and 
peeled  off  on  the  following  days  as  if  little  scales  fell 
Irom  it."  (Vol.  i.,  p.  140.)  From  this  account  the 
plant  appears  to  fully  deserve  its  American  name  of 
*' Poison  Ivy."  Mongredien  omits  it  in  his  Trees 
and  Shrubs  for  English  Plantations,  because  it  is  so 
poisonous  ;  Loudon  says  of  it  and  of  R.  toxicoden- 
dron of  which  it  is  a  variety,  "  The  terrible  effects 
of  their  poison  are  frequent  and  well  authen- 
ticated ;  "  and  Mr,  Wallace  says  that  R.  venenata  is 
a  still  more  poisonous  species,  the  touch  and  smell  of 
which  make  many  people  ill.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  know  whether  any  baneful  effects  from  R.  radicans 
have  been  noticed  in  this  country.  It  will  certainly 
be  a  loss  to  gardens  if  this  beautiful  plant  is  found  to 
be  a  dangerous  one  to  cultivate  in  them.  C.  M,  Owen, 
[ft  is  a  dangerous  acrid  poison  ;  botanists  using  their 
hats  instead  of  a  vasculum,  should  be  prepared  for 
the  consequences.   Ed  ] 

A  Good  Cabbage.  — Mr.  Frost  is  r.:ither  proud  of 
the  cipital  strain  of  Cabbage  which  he  has  at  Drop- 
more,  and  with  good  reason,  for  it  is  remarkably 
dwarf,  even,  and  turns  in  handsome,  conical,  fair- 
sized,  hearts  early.  It  is  distinctive  also,  for  the  leaf- 
age is  of  a  rich  glaucous  green,  lacking  that  pale 
or  silvery  tint  seen  on  so  many  Cabbages  when  full 
grown.  Whether  this  admirable  garden  kind  has 
been  "  di  covered  "  and  put  into  commerce  recently 
under  some  other  name  or  not,  it  is  known  at  Drop- 
more,  where  it  has  been  grown  for  many  years,  as 
Briginshaw's  Cibbage,  and  also  as  some  one's 
Favourite.  I  venture  to  think  that,  whatsoever  its 
name,  it  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  distinctive  kinds 
we  hive.  The  breadths  at  Dropmore  were  planted 
in  rows  at  about  16  inches  apart.  There  were  three 
breadths,  the  latest  hiving  just  been  planted  for  spring 
cutting.  A.  D. 


\mi% 


)'jnrfe. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL: 
October  12  and  13. 

A  snow  of  hirdy  fruits,  remarkable  for  the  number 
and  excellence  of  the  exhibits  generally,  took  place 
on  the  above  dates.  The  number  of  exhibitors  was 
considerably  in  excess  of  the  space  available  in  the 
conservatory,  and  but  little  else  but  the  fruit  could  be 
accommodated  in  any  part. 

The  special  prizes  offered  by  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co., 
Holborn,  and  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading, 
resulted  in  some  capital  kitchen  garden  produce  of 
diverse  kinds  being  brought  together,  especially  good 
being  the  small  collections  of  vegetables  shown  in 
response  to  the  offer  of  the  last-named  firm. 

Apples. 

Taking  the  fruit  shown  in  the  order  of  the  prize 
list,  we  find  Apples  occupying  the  first  place,  and 
with  collections  not  to  exceed  fifty  varieties,  not 
less  than  six  fruits  of  each  variety  (this  Litter  con- 
dition concerning  the  number  of  fruits  to  a  dish  held 
good  in  all  the  Apple  classes).  Here  Messrs.  G.  Bun- 
yard  &  Co  ,  Maidstone,  Kent,  secured  the  highest 
honours  among  eight  competitors  with  a  very  creditable 
and  handsome  collection.  The  individual  fruits  were 
clean,  large,  and  of  good  finish.  Many  ol  the  leading 
varieties  were  exhibited,  the  best  shown  being  Warner's 
King,  Red  Hawthornden,  Schoolmaster,  very  fine 
specimens  of  Cellini  Pippin,  Grenadier,  Cox's  Orange, 
Stirling  Castle,  Cox's  Pomona, Tower  of  Glamls.  The 
Queen  and  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  both  of  which  were 
represented  by  very  handsome  fruit  ;  Ecklinvllle  Pippin, 
Gloria  Mundi,  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  &c.  Mr.  C.  G. 
Sclater,  Devon  Nurseries,  Heavltree,  Exeter,  was  a 
worthy  2d,  following  closely  on  the  first  lot,  and  showing 
that  Devonshire  is  not  lar  behind  Kent  for  fruit.  He 
had  fine  specimens  of  the  following  in  his  collection  : — 
Peasgood's  Noniuch,  Tom  Putt,  Lady  Henniker,  Tower 
of  Glamis,  Cat's  Head,  Hollow  Core,  Golden  Noble, 
Blenheim  Orange,  Aifriston,  Warner's  ICing.  and  York- 
shire Beauty.  The  fruits  were  not  of  such  high  colours 
as  Messrs.  Bunyard's.  Mr.  |,  Watklns  was  3d.  with  a 
collection  of  fine  fruit,  conspicuous  among  which  were 
Cat's  Head,  Worcester  Pearmain.  Lord  Suffield,  York- 
shire Beauty,  Warner's  King,  Gloria  Mundl,  Winter 
Hawthornden,  Cellini,  Transparent  Codlin.  Custard, 
and  Peasgood's  Nonsuch. 

For  twelve  varieties  of  culinary  Apples  Mr,  McKenzie, 
Linton  Gardens,  Maidstone,  was  awarded  the  ist  prize, 
a  keen  competition,  and  had  as  his  best  fruits,  Emperor 


Alexander,  Loddington  Seedling,  Gloria  Mundi,  Peas- 
good's Nonsuch,  Frog  more  I^rolific,  Warner's  King. 
The  fruits  here  were  very  large,  good,  and  decidedly 
handsome^a  fine  lot  altogether.  Mr.  T.  Turton,  gr.  to 
|.  Hargreaves,  Esq  ,  of  Reading,  cime  2d,  with  good 
Cellini,  Prince  Albert,  &c, ;  the  third  place  being  allotted 
to  Mr.  C.  Ross,  gr.  to  G.  B.  Eyre,  Esq  ,  Wdford  Paik, 
Newbury.  This  was  also  a  good  collection,  and  inclu  led 
Grand  Duke  Constanline,  Blenheim  Orange,  and  Mere 
de  Menage. 

Then  came  a  class  for  six  culinary  Apples,  which 
broaglit  sixteen  competitors.  There  wis  a  splendid 
sliow  of  fruit  in  this  class,  the  best  collection  b^ing  tht^t 
of  Mr.  A.  Smith,  gr.  to  W.  K.  Sewelt.  Esq  .  Warren 
Hill.  Loughton.  Essex.  We  noticed  in  this  lot  good 
samples  of  Emperor  Alexander,  which,  however,  was  not 
so  highly  coloured  as  usual  ;  Gloria  Mundi.  Peasgood's 
Nonsuch,  and  Ecklltiville  Pippin.  Mr.  Threadgold.  gr. 
to  R.  Norton,  Esq.,  Downs  House,  Yalding,  was  2d, 
and  a  very  near  one  too.  His  best  fruits  wer^  Emperor 
Alexander,  Striped  Beaufin,  Lord  Derby,  Gloria  Mundi, 
and  Stirling  Castle.  The  3d  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
F.  Miller,  gr.,  Northdown,  Margate,  who  had  good 
examples  of  Frogniore  Prolific,  Stirling  Castle,  and 
Peasgood's  Nonsuch. 

Now  followed  two  classes  for  dessert  Apples,  cor- 
responding to  the  foregoing  for  culinary.  In  the  first  of 
these,  that  for  twelve  varieties,  there  were  eleven  exhi- 
bitors, Mr.  C.  Ross  staging  the  finest  lot.  In  his 
collection,  which  was  a  good  representative  one,  the  best 
fruits  shown  were  Gravcnslein,  Cornish  Aromatic  a 
seedling  from  Gulden  Reinctte  called  Lidy  A.  F.  Eyre, 
Worcester  Pearmain,  Baumann's  Reinette,  Blenheim 
Orange,  and  Evagie.  Mr.  |.  McKenzie  was  2d,  with 
also  a  good  lot,  in  which  were  Worcester  Pearmiin, 
Melon  Apple,  Yellow  Ingestre,  Ribston  Pippin,  and 
Mabbot's  Pearmain.  The  3d  prize  lot  came  from  Mr. 
C.  Sclater ;  the  best  fruits  were  King  of  the  Pippins, 
Devonshire  Queen,  Gravenstein,  and  Orange  Pippin. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties  there  were  the  greatest 
number  of  exhibitors  for  the  collections,  Mr.  C.  J. 
Goldsmith,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Hoare,  Esq  ,  Kelsey  Manor, 
Beckenham,  having  the  premier  colleciion  am  Dng  nine- 
teen ;  his  finest  fruits  were  Worcester  Pearmain,  Fearo's 
Pippin,  King  of  the  Pippins,  and  Rlbslon  Pippin.  Mr. 
W.  Jacob,  Pound  Street.  Pelworth,  and  Mr.  j.  H. 
Virgo.  Walton-in-Gordano,  Somerset,  were  respectively 
ad  and  3d.  The  collections  shown  by  these  two  exhi- 
bitors were  almost  identical  with  the  ist  prize  lot. 

There  were  also  several  classes  for  a  single  variety 
each,  and  these  brought  In  many  instances  very  great 
competition,  as  many  as  twenty-nine  entries  being  some- 
times in  one  class.  In  each  of  these  classes  each 
exhibitor  had  to  show  six  (ruits  of  the  one  variety,  and  in 
many  cases  magnificent  fruits  were  shown. 

For  Blenheim  Orange  there  were  twenty-four  dishes 
shown,  all  fine  samples.  The  premier  award  was  given 
to  Mr.  S.  Haines,  Coleshill  House  Gardens,  Highworth. 
This  exhibitor's  'fruits  were  of  splendid  qnaUty,  clean, 
and  large.  Mr.  W.  Jacob,  and  Mr.  A.  Evans,  Lytlie 
Hill.  Haslemere,  were  2d  and  3d,  also  with  good  fruits. 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin. — In  an  extensive  competiiion, 
Mr.  T.  Bailey,  gr.  to  I".  T.  Drake.  Esq  ,  Shardeloes, 
Aniersham.  had  the  finest  dish,  being  closely  followed 
by  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  and  Mr.  S.  H.  Godwin, 
Mereworth,  Kent.  Prizes  were  awarded  in  the  order  of 
the  names.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  all  the 
dishes  were  creditable  examples  when  it  is  known  that 
there  were  twenty-nine  competitors. 

Ribston  Pippin.— Mr.  H.  Folkes,  Great  G.iddesden. 
Herts,  was  ist  here,  and  deservedly  so  ;  the  ad  and  3rl 
prize  lots  were  respectively  from  Mr.  C.  J.  Goldsmith 
and  Mr.  R.  Silk,  Whiteness  Gardens,  Margate. 

King  of  the  Pippins. — The  prizes  for  these  were  keenly 
contested  lor.  there  being  twenty-eight  dishes  of  the 
fruit  shown.  A  dish  of  splendid  fruits  from  Mr.  G. 
Thompson,  Crosby  House  Gardens,  Hounslow,  was 
placed  ist;  Mr.  C.  Davies,  Mote  Park  Gardens,  Maid- 
stone, secured  the  2d  place ;  and  Mr.  E.  Chadwick, 
Hanger  Hill  Gardens.  Eahng.  was  3d.  All  these  lots 
were  of  very  good  quality,  and  the  fruits  clean. 

Dumelow's  Seedling  was  well  represented,  the  best 
dish  being  that  of  Mr.  W.  Jones,  Wallington  Bridge, 
Carshalton.  These  fruits  were  very  fine.  Good  samples 
also  were  those  of  the  2d  and  3d  lots,  from  Mr.  D.  C. 
Powell,  Powderham  Castle  Gardens,  Exeter  ;  and  Mr. 
E.  Chadwick. 

For  M6re  de  Manage  there  was  not  great  competition, 
but  Mr.  C.  Ross'  fruits,  which  were  given  the  ist  place, 
were  very  good  samples  ;  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards  was  a 
close  2d,  and  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell  3d. 

Lane's  Prince  Albert. — Mr.  Ross  also  secured  ist  for 
this  variety,  and  Messrs.  Geo.  Bunyard  &  Co.  and  Mr. 
T.  Bailey  were  2d  and  3d. 

Golden  Noble. — Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  whose  fruits  it 
would  be  difficult  to  beat,  justly  received  the  ist  prize 
for  Golden  Noble  ;  he  was  closely  followed,  however,  by 
Mr.  J.  Bolton,  Combe  Bank,  Sevenoaks  ;  the  3d  prize 
lot  came  from  Mr.  Sclater. 

Warner's  King  was  best  shown  by  Mr.  T.  Turton.  who 
was  awarded  the  ist  prize  in  a  fairly  large  and  good 
competiiion,  for  very  good  specimens;  and  Messrs.  G. 
Bnnyard  &  Co.  and  Mr.  J.  Tineham.  Nacton,  Ipswich, 
were  respectively  2d  and  3d.  All  staged  good,  large, 
and  clean  fruits. 

Gloria  Mundi.— Here  Mr.  Threadgold  carried  off  the 
premier  award  with  fruits  which  deserved  that  recogni- 
tion. Mr.  D.  C.  Powell  was  a  good  2d,  and  Messrs.  G. 
Bunyard  &  Co.  3d, 

Peasgood's  Nonsuch. — The  ten  dishes  exhibited  in 
this  class  were  all  of  fine  quality,  and  made  a  good  dis- 
play, as  this  variety  always  does.  The  prize  lots  ran 
each  other  very  closely,  the  ist  one  being  from  Mr.  W. 
Edwards,  Withington  ;  Mr.  T.  Turton  was  2d.  and  3d 
Mr.  W.  H,  Baanisier,  Cote  House  Gardens,  Bristol. 


October  i6,  igS6.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


503 


Peaks. 

Collections  of  not  exceeding  fifty  varieties,  five  fruits 
of  each  (open). — The  ist  prize  fell  to  the  un,ipproached 
Mr.  1.  Buller,  gr.  to  A.  J.  Thomas,  Eq  ,  Orchard 
Lane,  Sittingbourne,  the  varieties  shown  being  the  same 
as  those  shown  by  him  at  the  Crystal  Palace  hardy  fruit 
show  on  the  8[Ii  inst.  The  2d  prize  was  taken  by 
Mr.  C.  Davies,  gr.,  The  Mote  Park,  Maidstone. 
Amongst  the  varieties  shown  were  noticed  very  fine 
heavy  examples  of  Beurre  Uiel,  B.  .Superfin,  B.  Bache- 
lier,  B.  Hardy,  Josephine  de  Malines,  Hacon's  Incom- 
parable, Pitmaston  Duchess.  Colmar  d'Eti,  Gansell's 
Bergamolte,  Triomphe  de  Vienne,  a  splendid  variety,  of 
excellent  quality  ;  Fondante  d'Autorane,  one  of  the  best 
of  Pears  this  year  ;  Glou  Morf  eau,  Marie  Louise,  and 
the  hardy  form,  Maria  Louise'd'UccIe.  Messrs.  Bunyard 
&  Co.,  ^Taidstone  took  the  3d  prize  with  a  collection 
quite  as  heavy  as  the  last-named,  but  in  which  the  fruit 
was  generally  of  a  less  bright  colour.  The  following 
were  amongst  their  best  examples  ; — Madame  Treyve, 
Belle  Ecutly,  Van  Mons'  Leon  Leclerc,  the  two  small 
dessert  fruits  of  native  origin— Dr.  Hog^  and  British 
Queen  ;  Fondante  d'Automne,  Doyenn(^  Boussoch, 
Mar^chal  de  la  Cour.  Beurre  Hardy.  Grosse  Calebasse 
ol  enormous  size.  Emilie  d'Heyst,  and  the  pretty  Dairaio. 
This  fruit  came  entirely  from  the  open  ground,  being  the 
growth  of  cordons  and  bushes. 

Twelve  dishes  of  dessert,  five  fruits  of  each. — In  this 
competition  Mr.  J.  Butler  secured  ist  prize,  his  finest 
examples  being  of  the  following  varieties  :— Pitmaston 
Duchess,  Beurril-  Diel,  B.  Superfin,  Doyenne  du  Comice, 
D.  Boussoch,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme,  Louise  Bonne  de 
Jersey.  2d,  Mr.  W.  Allan,  gr.  to  Lord  Suffield,  Gunton 
Park,  Norwich,  with  fine  examples,  wanting  in  colour, 
his  best  being  Beurri^  Diel,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Alexandre 
Lambre,  Durandeau,  Doyennd  du  Comice,  all  being  fine 
fruit  for  the  county.  3d,  Mr.  A.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  A. 
Brassey,  Esq,  Preston  Hall,  Aylesford  ;  in  this  lot  the 
Chaumontelle,  Hacon's  Incomparable,  and  Britisli  (Jueen 
were  very  fine,  and  an  uncommon  fruit  named  Chi- 
monette.     Nine  other  collections  were  shown. 

Six  varieties,  five  fruits  of  each. — Mr.  G.  Ware,  gr., 
Leafwood.  Frant,  took  1st  prize,  with  large,  clear,  well- 
finished  examples,  consisting  of  Doyennt^  du  Comice, 
Gansell's  Bergamotte.  Duchesse d'.'\ngoul^me,  Pitm.aston 
Duchess,  Beurri^'  Bachelier,  and  B.  d'Anjou.  2d,  Mr. 
A.  Smith,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Sweet.  Esq.,  Warren  Hill, 
Loughton,  the  best  fruits  being  Hacon's  Incomparable, 
Beurr(5  Diel,  and  B.  Bachelier  ;  3d,  Mr.  R.  Smith,  gr. 
to  Lady  Fletcher,  Kenward,  Yalding,  the  specimens  of 
Marie  Louise  and  Beurr^  Ranee  being  enormous  ;  Gan- 
sell's Bergamotte  was  likewise  very  fine. 

Single  Dishes  or  Fears. 

Doyennd  du  Comice,  six  fruits. — Mr.  G.  Ware  was  ist 
with  fruit  large  and  clear  ;  2d,  Mr.  Threadgold  ;  3d, 
Mr.  C.  Ross,  gr.  to  B.  Eyre,  Esq.,  Welford  Park, 

Beurrd  Superfin,  six  fruits. — Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  gr.  to 
the  Earl  of  Devon,  Powderham  Castle  Gardens,  Devon, 
took  ist  prize  with  well-coloured  and  finished  examples  ; 
2d,  Mr.  W.  Jones,  gr.  to  J.  R.  Brougham,  Esq.,  Wal- 
lington  Bridge,  Carshalton  ;  3d,  Mr.  Turton. 

Marc'chal  de  la  Cour,  six  fruits. — Mr.  R.  Silk,  gr.  to 
J.  -\bernethy,  Esq.,  Whiteness,  Margate,  took  the  ist 
prize  with  large,  clean  examples  ;  2d,  Mr.  Allen,  Rams- 
burg  Manor,  Hungerford  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  J.  Goldsmith,  gr. 
to  Mr.  Howe,  Kelsey  Manor,  Beckenham. 

Marie  Louise,  six  fruits.^Mr.  R.  Smith  took  the  ist 
prize  for  examples  as  are  rarely  seen  for  size  and  perfect 
finish  :  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell  2d,  with  fruit  high  in  colour, 
but  much  smaller  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Hunter,  gr.  lo  the  Earl 
of  Durham.  Lamblon  Castle,  Durham  ;  very  fine  Iruit 
for  that  northern  county. 

Glou  Mor9eau,  six  fruits. — Mr.  R.  Smith  was  suc- 
cessful in  taking  the  ist  place  in  this  class  with  large  and 
clean  fruits  ;  Mr.  C.  Ross  was  2d,  with  fruits  scarcely 
inferior  ;  and  Mr.  W.  Allan,  Gunton,  3d. 

Beurri  Ranee,  six  fruits. — Mr.  R.  Smith,  with  quite 
exceptionally  large  fruits,  took  again  the  ist  prize  ;  Mr. 
Threadgold  the  2d,  with  fruits  about  half  the  size  of  the 
winning  dish  ;  and  Mr.  Bannister,  Cote  House,  West- 
bury-on-Trim,  the  3d  prize. 

Beurrd  Diel,  six  fruits.— -Mr.  J.  Buller,  Sittingbourne, 
took  the  ist  prize  ;  Mr.  W.  Allan  the  2d  ;  and  Mr.  J. 
Hunter  the  3d. 

Pitmaston  Duchess,  six  fruits. — Mr.  Butler  was  ist 
with  as  fine  examples  of  this  variety  as  were  in  the  show  ; 
2d,  Mr,  Howe,  gr.,  Benham  Park,  Newbury,  with  fruit 
large,  clean,  and  well  done  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Ross,  pale 
coloured  but  of  a  good  size. 

Fondant  d'Automne,  six  fruits.  —  Mr.  R.  Smith 
was  awarded  ist  prize  for  this  excellent  Pear  :  2d,  Mr. 
Garlandvoy,  gr.  to  C.  B.  Bingley,  Esq.,  Greenford, 
Middlesex  ;  3d,  Mr.  Turton. 

Louise  Bonne  de  Jersey,  six  fruits. — Mr.  Butler  was 
ist  with  a  dish  of  Iruit,  large  and  very  brilliant  in  colour  ; 
2d,  Mr.  H.  Folkes,  gr.  to  T.  F.  Halsey,  Esq.,  Gaddes- 
den  Place,  Great  Gaddesden  ;  3d,  Mr.  Turton. 

Vegetables— Special  Prizes: — Messrs.  Sutton  & 
Sons'. 
For  the  best  collection  of  eight  distinct  kinds. — Mr. 
G.  T.  Miles,  gr.  to  Lord  Carrington,  Wycombe  Abbey, 
High  Wycombe,  was  ist  with  some  extraordinary 
examples  of  Lyons  Leek,  Trophy  Tomatos,  Cave's 
Pinefield  Onion,  CauUflower.  Veitch's  grand  red  Inter- 
mediate Carrot,  &c  ;  Mr.  Haines,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Radnor,  Coleshill  Manor,  Highworth,  Wilts,  was  2d — 
Globe  Artichokes,  Sutton's  Abundance  Potato,  and 
Rousham  Park  Onion,  being  some  of  the  best  items  ; 
3d,  Mr.  W.  Mears,  gr.  to  Viscount  Barrington,  Becket 
Park,  Shrivenham— Rousham  Park  Onion,  Sutton's  Per- 
fection Tomato,  and  Veitch's  Giant  Cauliflower,  were 
the  best  things  ;  4th,  Mr,  C,  'Waite,  gr.  to  Colonel  Tal- 


bot, Glenhurst,  Esher,  with  good  garden  stuff,  Sutton's 
Prizetaker  Leeks  |and  Intermediate  Carrots  being  very 
fine  ;  sth,  Mr.  W.  Pope,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon, 
Highclere  Castle. 

For  twelve  specimens  of  Sutton's  Improved  Reading 
Onion  there  was  a  spirited  competition,  and  most  of  the 
dishes  staged  were  highly  creditable  to  the  growers. 
This  Onion  is  a  variety  of  the  White  Spanish,  and 
greatly  resembles  it  in  appearance.  It  has  a  handsome 
bulb,  and  is  very  suitable  for  exhibition  purposes.  Mr. 
G.  Goldsmith,  Weedon,  had  the  finest  dish,  and  received 
the  1st  prize.  The  2d  prize  lot  was  not  far  behind  this, 
and  was  shown  by  Mr.  F.  Miller.  Mr.  G.  T.  Miles  was 
a  very  good  3d,  and  the  4th  was  Mr.  J.  Bunney, 
Hassocks,  Sussex. 

A  further  class  for  Onions  was  supplied,  also  by 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Son's,  namely,  (or  Sutton's  Silver 
Globe,  Golden  Globe,  and  Crimson  Globe.  These 
three  are  this  season's  Onions,  and  differ  from  each 
other  only  in  colour.  Each  bulb  is  globe-shaped, 
about  3  inches  in  diameler,  and  of  a  very  fine  appear- 
ance. The  display  made  by  the  seven  lots  staged  was 
very  pleasing.  The  ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  S. 
Haines,  Coleshill  House  Gardens,  Highworth,  for  a  very 
fine  collection  ;  each  bulb  was  large,  even,  sound,  and 
clean.  Mr.  G.  .Mien  was  a  good  2d,  showing  smaller 
bulbs  ;  and  Mr.  R.  Philips  was  3d. 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.'s  Prizes. 

Tennis-ball  Onion,  six  bulbs.  —  Mr.  Phillips,  The 
Deodars,  Meopham,  was  ist,  with  bulbs  of  medium  size, 
and  white  in  colour  :  2d,  Mr.  F.  Miller,  gr.  to  J.  T. 
Friend,  Esq.,  Norlhdown,  Margate  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  Beard, 
Games  Park,  Gravesend. 

Carter's  Mont  Blanc  Cauliflower  (three  heads).— Mr. 
Waite,  Glenhurst.  was  ist  ;  Mr.  Marriott,  Skerbeck, 
Boston  ;  3d,  Mr.  F.  i-Beckett. 

Carter's  Champion  Runner  Beans  (twelve).— Mr.  Waite 
was  ist,  Mr.  J.  Bolton  2d,  Mr.  i-Beckett  3d. 

Miscellaneous  Fruits. 

Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  contributed, 
not  for  competition,  sixty-six  dishes  of  Apples,  both 
dessert  and  culinary,  of  fair  size  relatively,  but  not  of 
high  colour.  The  leading  kinds  were  comprised  in  the 
collection. 

Mersrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Son,  Chelsea,  contributed,  not 
for  competition,  a  very  extensive  collection  of  Apples 
and  Pears,  consisting  of  over  20a  dishes.  All  the  well- 
known  sorts  were  shown,  and  the  collection  had  a  great 
interest  for  every  one.  Some  of  the  varieties  were 
exceedingly  well  shown.  The  finest  of  the  Apples  were 
Withington  Fillbasket,  Warner's  King,  Ecklinville 
Pippin,  HoUandbury,  Stirling  Castle,  Ribston  Pippin, 
Margil  (specially  good).  Lord  Derby,  Cox's  Orange 
Pippin,  Winter  Hawthornden,  Cellini,  and  Alfriston. 
The  Pears  comprised  the  leading  kinds  in  mostly  fine 
examples,  as  Marie  Louiae,    Marie  Benoist,  Napoleon, 

Soldat  Labourer,  Doyennd  Boussoch,  Huyshe's  Prince 

Consort,  &c. 

Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons  contributed,  not  for  competition, 

about  eighty  dishes  and  sorts  of  Apples,  similar  to  those 

shown  by  them  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  the  previous 

week. 
Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,   Waltham  Cross,  exhibited 

forty  dishes  of  Pears  and  eighty-four  of  Apples,  of  a  fair 

size,  many  kinds  being  those  seldo.ii  seen  at  exhibitions, 

but  whicn  deserve  not  to  be  lo,t  sight  of  by  lovers  of 

good  flavour. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshnnt, 

showed  a  collection  of  seventy  dishes  of  Apples,  well 

grown  and  finished  samples. 

Outdoor  Tomatos. 

Messrs.  Sutton  exhibited  an  extensive  and  instructive 
display  of  Tomatos,  all  of  open  ground  cultivation,  and 
ripened  out-of-doors,  indicating  what  can  be  done  in  the 
direction  of  the  cultivation  of  Tomatos  by  judicious  and 
careful  management.  The  display  occupied  50  feet  in 
length,  and  was  divided  into  three  sections  :— 1,  Plants 
in  their  fruiting  condition  taken  up  from  the  Reading 
experimental  grounds  ;  2,  Bunches  or  clusters  showinc^ 
the  productiveness  of  the  various  kinds  ;  3,  Heaps  of 
separate  fruit.  The  varieties  which  seemed  to  us  to  be 
best  worthy  of  notice  were  the  varieties  introduced  by 
Messrs.  Sutton,  viz..  Earliest  of  All,  Chiswick  Red, 
Reading  Perfection,  Maincrop,  and  Abundance  ;  while 
of  other  kinds  Criterion,  Acme,  Excelsior,  Victoria,  and 
Green  Gage  seemed  conspicuous  for  the  size  and  form  of 
the  fruit  and  cropping  properties.  Altogether  the  col- 
lection was  one  of  the  most  practical  exhibits  of  Tomatos 
we  have  seen  at  the  Society's  exhibitions.  Forty  varie- 
ties were  shown.     A  Silver-gilt  Medal  was  awarded. 

Colonial  Exhibits. 

These  came  from  the  Commissioners  of  Canada  and  of 
Nova  Scotia.  The  Canadian  show  consisted  of  about 
a  hundred  dishes  of  Apples,  large,  clear  in  the  rind,  and 
bright  in  colour,  and  were  chiefly  contributed  by  pro- 
vincial societies,  but  sent  over  by  the  Horticultural 
Society  of  Montreal.  Nova  Scotia  fruit  consisted  of  some 
Egg  and  other  Plums,  Pears  not  equalling  the  British 
for  size,  and  200  dishes  of  Apples,  showing  great  simi- 
larity to  tho:e  from  the  Dominion. 


Floral  Committee, 

Present :— G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  Messrs. 
H.  Herbst,  H.  Bennett,  J.  Hudson,  J.  Walker, 
W.  Wilks,  Shirley  Hibberd,  A.  Periy,  W.  Holmes, 
R.  Dean,  G.  Paul,  H.  Ballantine,  J.  Djminy, 
H,   M.  Pollett,  A.  J.   Lendy,  J.  O'Brien,  E.  Hill, 


H.  Turner,  J.  Douglas,  H.  Cannell,  G.  Duffield,  and 
I .  Barnes. 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  exhibited  verv  fine  specimens  of 
Cockscomb  Empress,  dark  crimson  in  colour  and  of 
massive  build.  These  plants  were  grown  by  Mr!  Lod<^e 
gr.  to  Vice-Chancellor  Sir  Jamas  Bacon,  Comptoii 
House,  Shrivenham. 

Messrs.  Cannell  cS  Sons,  Swanley,  showed  an  extensive 
collection  of  bunches  ol  flowers  of  double  Begonias,  the 
best  being  Paul  de  Vicq,  of  a  soft  rosy  colour  ;  and  Hon. 
Mis.  Plunket,  blush  and  bufT,  and  nicely  formed.  Single- 
flowered  Begonias  as  cut  flowers  were  also  shown  in  much 
variety,  as  were  Cactus  and  other  Dahlias.  Of  the 
Cactus  section,  Annie  Harvey,  a  handsome  flower  of 
deep  maroon,  met  with  recognition  from  the  committee 

Mr.  Penfold,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Hulton,  Barnfield,  Weston 
showed  a  handsome  tasselled  form  of  Pteris  serrulata 
named  westonensis. 

Chrysanthemums  came  from  Mr.  C.  W.  Cook  Rend- 
court  Park.  Cirencester. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons  exhibited  two  fine  greenhouse 
Rhododendrons,  viz,,  luteo-roseum,  of  soft  rose  colour 
and  having  nine  flowers  in  a  truss  ;  and  R.  amabile,  a 
blush-coloured  variety,  with  an  equally  good  truss  ■  a 
collection  of  flower-spikes  of  Celosia  pyramidalis,  and  a 
few  new  forms  of  Chrysanthemums  came  also  from  the 
Exotic  Nurseries. 

Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Albans,  showed  a  good 
spike  of  flo^«;rs  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  alba  ;  John  Djy 
Esq,  Tottenham^  showed  Cypripedium  Spicerianum 
nugnificum  and  Odontoglossum  Sanderianum,  a  variety 
with  starry  flowers,  sparsely  set  on  a  drooping  flower, 
stalk  ;  the  sepals  and  petals  are  yellow,  with  spots  of 
brown  ;  the  lip  is  white,  and  the  crest  purple. 

A  fine  variety  of  .Adiantum  Cipillus- Veneris,  called 
imbricatum,  came  from  Mr.  G.  Masters,  gr.  to  Colonel 
Cornwall  Legh,  Knutsford,  Cheshire,  in  which  the  large 
pinnas  are  markedly  fringed  on  the  margins,  impartine 
massiveness  to  the  habit.  ^ 

Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  Romford,  showed  a  collection 
of  show  and  fancy  D.ihlias.  A  Bronze  Banksian  Medal 
was  awarded. 

Mr.  Bradshaw,  gr.  to  Baron  Ferdinand  de  Rothschild 
Waddesdon  Manor,  Bucks,  showed  a  plant  of  Angrajcuui 
caudatum  furnished  with  a  strong  spike  of  ten  flowers 
the  sepals  and  petals  and  spur  brownish-olive-green  lip 
white,  t  inch  by  r  J  inch,  and  spur  8  inches  in  length  • 
the  latter  is  somewhat  curved.  ' 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son.  Waltham  Cross,  seceived  a  Silver 
Banksian  Medal  for  a  collection  of  Tea  and  other  Roses 

Mr.  Ware,  Tottenham,  showed  an  extensive  lot  of 
hardy  flowers  in  season,  including  Watsonia  rosea, 
several  .Nerines,  Sternbergia  lutea,  several  Colchicums 
and  autumn  Crocuses. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nursery,  Cheshunt,  were 
awarded  a  Silver  Banksian  Medal  for  Dahlias  hardy 
flowers,  and  Roses. 

Robert  Marnock,  Esq.,  exhibited  a  branch  of  the  Sea 
Buckthorn,  heavily  fruited. 

Dahlias. 

Where  can  any  record  be  found  of  First-class  Cerlifi. 
cates  of  Merit  being  awarded  to  Dahlias  so  late  as 
October  r2?— and  yet  a  comprehensive  Dahlia  exhibi- 
tion  took  place  at  South  Kensington,  and  from  Cheshunt 
northwards  to  Salisbury  in  the  south-west  came  really 
wonderful  collections  for  the  season.  This  is  emphatic 
testimony  to  the  mild  open  character  of  this  autumn 
and  which  has  made  S-ptember  and  the  early  pan  of 
October  the  pleasantest  part  of  the  year 

Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  of  Romford,  received  a  First- 
class  Certificate  for  their  new  golden  self,  R.  F  Rawlings 
It  must  be  a  firie  late  flower  to  be  had  in  such  condition 
the  second  week  in  October.  It  is  a  finely  formed  flower 
of  great  substance,  perfect  outline  and  petal,  and  coirect 
centre  and  makes  a  good  addition  to  our  yellow  sells 
In  addition  they  had  of  new  flowers  T.  S  Ware  the 
base  maroon,  with  a  distinct  bright  crimson  tip  good 
petal,  outline,  and  centre  ;  J.  T.  West,  a  flower  in  the 
way  of  Henry  Walton,  but  more  refined  in  chancier  • 
Mrs.  David  baunders,  bright  hiac-purple  on  a  while 
ground  inclined  to  be  coarse,  as  shown-a  peculiarity, 
no  doubt,  traceable  to  the  lateness  of  the  season.  They 
flowers    ""         i^ollection  of  self  and  tipped  and  striped 

r.^n7y  ^'  ^f"  ^u-  uP?"^  °^  "'°='=  remarkable  banks 
°V^r^       *,"li    wh'ch   he   familiarises   visitors   to  the 

Cohndries.  There  were  bunches  of  single  and 
pompon  varieties,  and  Cactus  Dahlias  in  man?  forms 
arranged  in  bays,  segments,  and  broad  bands.  There 
were  hundreds  of  blossoms,  showing  what  a  huc'e 
collection  must  be  grown  at  Tottenham,  and  especially 
ol  the  Cactus  type.  ' 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  of  Cheshunt,  had  a  very  fine 
coUection  of  show  varieties  :  among  them  a  perfect 
bloom  of  that  most  lovely  of  all  the  tipped  Dahlias;  Lady 
?°nl?H  ^■-,1,1  Ir^T''  =■"?'=  and  pompon  varieties  also. 
Hanked  with  hardy  flowers  in  variety   Roses   &c 

Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  of  Crawley,  set  up  a  very 
fine  colleetion  of  smgte  and  pompon  Dahhas  set  up  in 
beautiful  bunches  in  the  neatest  and  most  eft-ective 
fashion  ;  also  a  collection  of  Cactus  varieties  A  First 
class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  lo  single  Dahlia 
Hugo,  a  rather  small  and  somewhat  rertexed  flower- 
centre  golden-orange,  and  broadly  marcrined  with  ma 
genta-crimson.  They  also  had  Dr.  Moffatt,  a  fine  variety 
in  the  way  of  Paragon  ;  Striata,  deep  rosy-pink,  striped 
w,  "^f  K°"  ''^  Cetewayo,  rich  maroon  ;  Union  Jack, 
white  and  broad  crimson  stripes   &c 

Mr.  C  Turner,  of  Slough,  had  a  Cery  large  collection 
of  cut  blooms,  arid  so  fresh  were  they  that  but  one 
flower  had  shot  -that  is,  the  back  petals  had  dropped. 
The  blooms  were  remarkably  fine  for  the  season  of  the 
year.    A  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  to  single 


504 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  i8 


Dahlia  Zephyr,  orange-crimson,  with  distinct  margins  of 
yellowish-buff,  quite  distinct  and  novel. 

Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  of  Salisbury,  had 
a  large  collection  of  show  Dahlias  also,  clear  and  bright, 
and  in  fine  character  for  the  season  ;  among  them 
Colonist,  one  of  their  new  varieties,  which  must  be  very 
constant,  as  they  have  been  able  to  show  it  for  the  space 
of  two  months  at  least. 

Messrs.  Henry  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  had  a  collec- 
tion of  Cactus  Dahlias.  A  First-class  Certificate  of 
Merit  was  awarded  to  Lady  Kerrison,  rich  shaded 
crimson,  with  maroon  margins,  fine  and  distmct.  With 
these  was  shown  a  wonderful  collection  of  cut  blooms  of 
named  double  Begonias,  of  remarkable  variety  and 
excellent  quality. 

First-class  Certificates. 

To  Mr.  Stevens,  Putney,  for  Chrysanthemum  Mons. 
William  Holmes.  ,    j    ,      , 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Rhododendrons 
amabile  and  R.  luteum-roseum. 

To  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  for  Dahlia  K.   T.    Raw- 
To  Mr.  G.  Masters,  Nutsford,  for  Adiantum  Capillus- 
Veneris  imbricatum. 

To  Baron  Ferdinand  de  Rothschild,  for  Angraecum 
caudatum. 

To  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons,  for  Dahlias  Helena  and 
Hugo. 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Dahlia  Annie 
Harvey.  ,     „  , ,     , ,  , 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Begonias  (double) 
Mrs.  Plunket  and  B.  Paul  de  Vicq. 

To  Mr.  C.  Turner,  for  DahUa  (single)  Zephyr. 


Drop,  Jefferson,  and  Wyedale.  Two  varieties  of  Crabs 
were  well  shown,  viz.,  Tartarian,  scarlet  Siberian,  a 
small  round  one,  and  the  Dartmouth. 

Messrs.  T.  Rivers  &  Son  sent  four  varieties  of  Plums, 
namely  Monarch,  which  was  considered  the  best  ; 
October  Yellow,  St.  Denys,  and  Grand  Duke.  All  were 
good  fruit,  clean,  and  large. 

Mr.  W,  Cole,  gr,  to  Commissary-General  Perkiss,  of 
Richmond,  sent  a  small  collection  of  Apples  and  Pears, 
which,  however,  do  not  call  for  any  special  comment. 

A  Tomato  of  the  yellow  class  was  shown  by  Mr.  R. 
Dean,  Ealing  ;  it  was  named  Prince  of  Orange  and  was 
decidedly  handsome,  as  well  as  being  large.  It  is  a 
hybrid  between  Stamfordian  and  Green  Gage,  stated  to 
ripen  well  out-of-doors. 

Mr.  ].  Falkner,  Inkpen,  near  Hungerford,  sent  a  dish 
of  Cob-nuts  of  first-rate  quality,  and  which  have  also  the 
advantage  of  being  large. 

From  Mr.  S.  Ford,  Leonardslee,  came  Apple  Ford  s 
Seedling,  stated  to  keep  well  till  May.  The  committee 
asked  to  see  it  again  then. 

A  Pine-apple,  Lord  Carringlon,  was  shown  by  Mr.  G. 
T.  Miles,  The  Gardens,  High  Wycombe.  Other  exhibits 
do  not  call  for  particular  comment. 


Fruit  Committee. 


Present :— T.  Francis  Rivers,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ; 
Messrs.  J.  Burnett,  C.  Ross,  T.  Saltmarsh,  W. 
Denning,  G.  Norman,  J.  Ellam,  G.  Bunyard,  A.  W, 
Sutton,  H.  J.  Veitch,  F.  Rutland,  W.  Pane,  W. 
Warren,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  P.  Crowley,  S.  Ford, 
Harrison  Weir,  T.  B.  Haywood,  G.  Goldsmith,  G.  T. 
Miles,  and  J.  Woodbridge. 

Three  large  Pumpkins  were  exhibited,  and  attracted  a 
considerable  amount  of  attention.  The  smallest  one 
came  from  M.  Pionchon,  Shanklin,  Isle  of  Wight,  and 
weighed  90  lb.;  another,  weighing  100  lb.,  and  having 
a  little  carving  on  it,  was  sent  by  Mr.  C.  Steel.  New 
Farm,  Ealing  ;  the  remaining  one,  which  was  the  finest 
of  the  lot,  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  S.  Jacobs,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.  This  enormous  Pumpkin  weighed  187  lb., 
and  had  a  diameter  of  between  2  and  3  leet  ;  it  had 
been  grown  in  France,  and  a  great  deal  of  time  and 
patience  had  been  expended  in  carving  and  decorating 
the  surface  with  trees,  birds,  &c.  A  Bronze  Medal  was 
awarded. 

Mr.  Jacobs  also  showed  twelve  Duchess  Pears, 
having  an  aggregate  weight  of  228  oz. ,  or  an  average  of 
over  19  oz.  each  ;  these  Pears  were  really  magnificent 
samples,  as  also  were  a  dozen  of  Easter  Beurr^  from  the 
same  exhibitor,  weighing  154  oz.  together. 

M.  Pionchon  also  sent  with  his  Pumpkin  an  interest- 
isg  and  representative  collection  of  vegetables,  contain- 
ing splendid  samples  of  Carrot,  Beel,  Marrow,  &c. 

A  most  interesting  feature  was  formed  by  a  collection 
of  Grapes  ripened  in  the  open  air,  sent  from  Hungary 
by  M.  Anton  Horvath,  jun..  Advocate,  Funfkirchen 
Ungam,  Franziskanergasse  25.  We  reserve  our  remarks 
on  these  Grapes  till  next  week. 

Mr.  Butler,  gr.  to  A.  J.  Thomas,  Esq.,  Orchard 
House,  Sittingbourne,  had  a  collection  of  Apples  and 
Pears,  being  in  all  twenty-six  dishes.  Pear  Louise  Bonne 
de  Jersey  was  particularly  noticeable  on  account  of  its 
rich  colouring,  which  gave  it  a  very  pretty  appearance. 
Pitmaston  Duchess  was  represented  by  fine  and  large 
fruit.  An  Apple,  St.  Christopher,  which  obtained  a 
Certificate  in  1885,  was  very  well  shown. 

Mr.  A.  Evans.  Lythe  Hill,  Sussex,  contributed  a  dish 
of  Apples  gathered  in  October,  1885.  to  show  the  keeping 
quality  of  the  variety,  which  was  Easter  Pippin.  The 
fruits  were  well  kept,  but  slightly  shrivelled.  Cucumbers 
were  also  sent  by  this  exhibitor. 

Mr.  H.  Deverell,  Banbury,  exhibited  seven  stands  of 
good  samples  of  his  Onion,  Rousham  Park  Hero,  Anglo- 
White  Spanish,  and  Improved  Wroxton— fine  bulbs,  and 
large-sized,  fifteen  of  the  first-named  variety  weighing 
22|  lb.,  and  the  bulbs  varying  between  16  and  18  inches 
in  circumference.  A  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  to  these 
Onions.  Runner  Bean  Ne  Plus  Ultra  was  also  sho*n  ;  it 
is  a  fine  looking  one,  and  attains  great  length.  Both  the 
Onions  and  Bean  were  referred  to  Chiswick  for  trial  and 
comparison.  Carrots  were  shown  by  the  same  exhibitor, 
and  called  Exhibition  Early  Scarlet  Horn  and  Exhibition 
Scarlet  Intermediate.  The  committee  was  of  opinion 
that  the  varieties  did  not  differ  from  those  already  in 
cultivation.  Hope's  Middleton  Park  Favourite  Beet 
was  also  shown  by  Mr.  Deverell.  It  is  a  variety  of 
small  growth  and  good  colour,  suitable  alike  for  use  in 
the  flower  and  kitchen  garden. 

Mr.  Laxton,  Bedford,  contributed  a  varied  collection 
of  fruit  and  vegetables,  including  Laxton's  Bouncer 
Potato,  which  was  lately  certificated  at  Chiswick.  It  is 
a  very  handsome  sort,  with  white  smooth  skin  ;  in  shape 
it  is  round.  A  new  Apple,  September  Beauty,  which 
has  obtained  certificates  from  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  and  the  Crystal  Palace.  Laxton's  Open-air 
Tomato,  Noble  Strawberry,  Dartmouth  Crab,  &c.,  all 
of  which  we  have  noticed  frequently  before. 

Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Sons.  Chelmsford,  sent  the 
Queen  Apple,  a  very  handsome  fruit ;  also  they  sent  a 
number  of  Plums,  of  which  the  best  were  Coe's  Golden 


Cfee  Mea%r. 

STA  TB  OF  THE  IVBA  THBK  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LONDON, 
For  thk  Week  ending  Wednesdav,  October  13,  1886. 


NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM:  Oct.  13. 

The  Floral  Committee  of  this  Society  held  its  first 
meeting  of  the  season  at  the  Royal  Aquarium  last 
Wednesday.  Mr.  E.  Sanderson,  President,  was  in 
the  chair,  and  several  members  were  present.  Mr.  G. 
Stevens,  St.  John's  Nursery,  Putney,  had  First-class 
Certificates  for  William  Holmes,  a  fine  new  early- 
flowering  Japanese  Chrysanthemum,  with  reflexed 
blossoms  of  an  orange-chestnul-crimson  colour,  with 
golden  centre,  an  early  form  of  the  Cullingfordi  type ; 
it  was  aUo  shown  by  Mr.  H.  Davis,  of  Camberwell, 
who  obtained  the  same  award.  Certificates  were  also 
awarded  to  Japanese  Chrysanthemum  Mrs.  Stevens, 
very  delicate  blush-pink,  full  and  of  good  form,  an 
early  flower  in  the  way  of  Fanny  Boucharlet  ;  Thoma? 
Stevens,  delicate  pink  tinged  with  lilac,  small,  good 
form,  and  very  pretty ;  commended.  M.  Simon  Delaux, 
florist,  Toulouse,  sent  a  number  of  cut  flowers  of 
Chrysanthenums  of  the  Christine  or  hybrid  pompon 
type,  the  best  being  pompon  Due  d'Orange,  pale 
orange  :  commended  ;  Mons.  Van  Hulle,  bronzy- 
yellow  and  orange  centre ;  Mons.  Rivers,  blush- 
pink,  early  ;  Mad.  E.  Rciugues,  delicate  lilac-pink  ; 
Mad.  Rivers,  bright  lilac;  and  Mdlle.  Rougues, 
blush. 

From  Mr.  Beckett,  of  Elslree,  came  Japenese  Carew 
Underwood,  golden-orange  centre  and  bronzy-lilac 
circumference,  the  flower  being  entirely  suffused 
with  the  latter— a  fine  variety,  awarded  a  First-class 
Certificate  of  Merit.  Mr.  W.  E.  Boyce,  Archway 
Nursery,  Highate,  had  early  pompon  MM.  Paul 
et  fils,  pale  yellow,  small  ;  and  Japanese  Mons. 
Neville,  a  reflexed  variety,  with  good  flowers  of  a 
blush-pink  colour.  Mr.  J.  Wright,  Temple  Gardens, 
had  pompon  Elise  Dordans,  delicate  blush-pink, 
large  finely  formed  flowers,  a  good  exhibition  variety, 
awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  ;  and  the 
same  award  was  made  to  Mr.  N.  Davis  for  the  same 
variety  ;  also  Miss  Cannell,  a  Japanese  variety,  blush- 
pink,  dwarf-growing,  good  habit,  a  capital  decora- 
tive variety.  Mr.  Watson,  Bowes  Park  Nursery, 
Southgate,  had  pompon  Red  Indian,  pale  bright 
chestnut-red  compact  flowers.  Mr.  H.  Jones, 
Hope  Nursery,  Lewisham,  had  Mdlle.  Melaine  Fabre, 
a  reflexed  Japanese,  clear  pink,  good  full  flowers, 
dwarf  habit  :  awarded  a  vote  of  thanks.  Mr. 
Davis,  The  Nurseries,  Camberwell,  had  pompon 
Alice  Butcher,  orange  and  pale  red,  a  sport  from  the 
rosy-lilac-colouted  Lyon  :  awarded  a  First-class  Cer- 
tificate of  Merit  ;  and  Japanese,  Mons.  Cossart,  gold, 
shaded  with  bright  cinnamon,  small,  but  very  pleas- 
ing, was  Commended.  A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded 
to  Mr.  Davis  for  an  admirable  collection  of  early- 
flowering  Japanese  and  pompon  varieties. 

Votes  of  thanks  were  awarded  to  Mr.  Jones,  of 
Lewisham,  for  a  collection  of  cut  blooms,  capitally 
set  up  ;  to  Mr.  W.  E.  Boyce,  for  stands  of  cut 
flowers.  Mr.  R.  Owen,  nurseryman,  Maidenhead, 
had  a  collection  of  his  new  single  annual  Chrysan- 
themums, including  Cloth  of  Gold,  yellow  ;  Yellow 
Perfection,  white,  with  a  ring  of  gold  round  a  dark 
eye  ;  Cloth  of  Silver,  while,  with  broad  golden  band 
round  a  yellow  centre  ;  Mons.  Hoste,  a  crimnson 
Japanese  Chrysanthemum  ;  and  some  Cactus  Dahlias. 


Presentation.— On  the  evening  of  Tuesday,  the 
Sth  inst.,  a  testimonial  in  the  shape  of  a  handsome 
illuminated  address  was  presented  to  Mr.  F.  Newman, 
on  his  leaving  E.  Salt,  Esq.,  Ferniehurst,  Shipley. 
The  proceedings  took  place  at  8,  Otley  Road,  Shipley, 
when  Mr.  B.  Spencer,  of  Bradford,  was  entrusted 
with  the  duty  of  making  the  presentation  on  behalf  of 
the  subscribers.  In  making  the  presentation  Mr. 
Spencer  eulogised  Mr.  Newman  as  being  an  able 
horticulturist,  and  a  man  of  a  kind  and  genial  dis- 
position, which  was  thoroughly  corroborated  by  Mr. 
Andrews,  who  spoke  on  behalf  of  the  subscribers. 


Hygrotne- 
trical    Do- 

> 

Barometer 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

Glaisher'9 
Tables  sth 
Editioo. 

Wind. 

J 

% 

s 

P-- 

1 

S 

1 

1 

1    . 

1° 

m 
\r 

a 

1 

It! 

•^s 

1 

Oct 

In. 

In. 

^ 

^ 

„ 

„ 

In. 

7 

3969 

000 

61 .0 

SO.o 

II  9 

55-3 

+  3.7 

54  9 

90 

E. 

0.31 

a 

3979 

-^o.Io 

59  0 

SO  5 

8.5 

54  4 

-H   3,3 

S3  6 

97 

S.E. 

006 

9 

a»47 

-a3j 

63.0 

SO-S 

"35 

55  8 

+  3  9 

S3S 

9» 

S.E. 

0.00 

10 

«)-57 

-0.13 

S9.6 

45-0 

.4  6|5i.7 

-t-  0.1 

43.6 

7' 

S.W. 

0  08 

II 

39-76 

-1-006 

605 

46.0 

.4.55.-7 

+ 1.4 

45-3 

76 

S.W. 

0.03 

ij 

29.35 

— 0-4S 

60.3 

SJ-5 

9.7  55  3 

-1-  4-J 

S3  4 

93 

S.S.W. 

0.31 

13 

39.34 

-0.46 

54.0 

45  0 

9.049  3 

—   15 

44.4 

84 

S.W. 

000 

Mean 

39- S4 

-o.,e 

596 

4^3 

II.4S3S 

-t-  1.9 

49  7 

jH 

S.E.: 
S.W. 

0.68 

Oct    7.— Overcajt  all  day,  with  occasional  showers. 
,,       8. — Overcast  all  day,  very  dull.     Fog  at  night. 
„       9. — Morning  misty,  fine  and  bright  at  times. 
„     10.— Fine  and  bright  till  3  P.M.,  overcast  with  ram  at 

5  P.M..  fine  afterwards. 
,,      II.— Fine  day.  but  frequently  dull. 
,,      12. — Overcast  all  day,  rain  falling  from  3  P.M. 
,,      13.—  Fine  and  bright  morning,  but  frequently  dull  after- 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  gih,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.90 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30  06  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  3rd,  decreased  to  29.75  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  5th,  increased  to  29  99  inches 
by  I  P.  M.  on  the  Sth,  decreased  to  29.42  inches  at 
the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.78  inches,  being  0.20 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  O.OI  inch  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  75°  on  the  4th  and  5th  ;  the 
highest  on  the  Sth  was  59°.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  66°. 5. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  44° 
on  the  3rd  ;  the  lowest  on  the  6th,  was  S4°.S-  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  51°. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
25°  on  the  3rd,  the  smallest  was  8°.  5  on  the  8tb. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was   1 5°.  5. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  55°.  5  on  the 
3rd,  64°  on  the  4th,  63°.6  on  the  Sth,  57".9  on  the 
6th,  55°.3  on  the  7th.  54°.4  on  the  Sth,  and  55°.8  on 
the  9ih.  These  were  all  above  their  averages,  by 
i°.6,  io°.5,  io°.4,  S°.o,  2°.7,  2°.2,  and  3°.9 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  58°. I, 
being  o°.6  higher  than  last  week,  and  5°.  2  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  121°  on  the  5ih.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  readings  was  97°.8. 

i?a;n.— Rain  fell  on  three  days  to  the  amount  of 
0°. 50. inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  9th.  the  highest  temperatures  were  79°.S 
at  Cambridge,  75°  at  Blackhealh,  and  72°.8  at  Not- 
tingham, ;  the  highest  at  Sunderland  was  59°,  at 
Bradford  63°.  6,  and  at  Sheffield  and  Newcastle  64°. 
The  general  mean  was  6S°.7. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Cambridge  4i°.S, 
at  Wolverhampton  4i°.8,  and  at  Sheffield  43°;  the 
lowest  at  Brighton  was  49°,  at  Bristol  48^,  and  at 
Nottingham  47°.6.     The  general  mean  was  45°.3. 

The  greatest  ranges  were  at  Cambridge  38°,  at 
Blackheatb  3i°.S,  and  at  Wolverhampton  28°. 8 ; 
the  least  ranges  were  at  Sunderland  13°,  at  New- 
castle 17°,  and  at  Bradford  l8°.4.  The  general  mean 
was  23°.$. 

The  mean  ol  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


505 


highest  at  Cambridge  68*.6,  at  Blackheatb  66'. 5,  and 
at  Bristol  66°.  i;  and  lowest  at  Sunderland  57",  at 
Newcastle  59°,  and  at  Bradford  6o^9.  The  general 
mean  was  63*.  2. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Brighton,  54°.4,  at  Truro  03'.7,  at  Ply- 
mouth 52°.7,  and  was  lowest  at  Cambridge,  Wolver- 
hampton, and  Hull,  49°  2.  The  general  mean  was 
51*. 4.  The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cam- 
bridge, I9°.5,  at  Blackheatb  I5°.5,  and  at  Wolvei* 
hampton  14°.!  ;  least  at  Sunderland,  6^.7,  at  New- 
castle 7°.  5,  and  at  Bradford,  9°.  5.  The  general  mean 
was  11°.  8. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Brighton, 
58°. 3,  at  Truro  and  Bristol,  58". 2  ;  and  was  lowest  at 
Sunderland,  52°. 5  ;  and  at  Hull  and  Newcastle  54°,  i. 
The  general  mean  was  56".  2. 

^flin.— The  largest  falls  were  1.82  inch  at  Sheffield, 
1.39  inch  at  Bradford,  and  1.23  inch  at  Brighton  ;  the 
smallest  falU  were  0.07  inch  at  Cambridge,  0.50  inch 
at  Blackheatb,  ani  0.57  inch  at  Wolverhampton  and 
Sunderland.     The  general  mean  fall  o  87  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  g.h,  the  highest  temperature  was  64" 
at  Perth  ;  the  highest  at  Aberdeen  was  59^5.  The 
general  mean  was  62". 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  39°.  2 
at  Edinburgh  ;  the  lowest  at  Aberdeen  was  46°.8. 
The  general  mean  was  42^.9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley  56°  ; 
and  lowest  at  Dundee  and  Aberdeen  53'. 3.  The 
general  mean  was  54°. 2. 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  1. 19  inch  at  Edin- 
burgh, the  smallest  fall  was  o  3S  inch  at  Aberdeen. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.6S  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  weekending  Monday,  October  1 1,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :^The  weather  was  generally  fair  at 
the  commencement  of  the  period,  but  soon  became 
dull  and  unsettled,  with  frequent  (alls  of  rain.  In 
many  paris  of  the  kingdom  thunderstoims  have 
occurred,  that  experienced  over  the  N.  of  England, 
and  S.  of  Scotland  on  the  6th  being  unusually  severe. 

Temperature  has  continued  above  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  excess  ranging  from  2"  in  Ireland,  the 
S.W.  of  England,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  to  4"  in 
Scotland  and  over  central,  *'E."  and  *'N.\V. " 
England,  and  to  5°  in  "  England,  S."  The  absolute 
maxima,  which  were  recorded  on  the  5th,  were  again 
very  high  for  the  season,  varying  from  64"  in  England 
N.E.,  and  from  between  66"  and  6S°  in  Ireland, 
Scotland,  and  the  Channel  Islands,  10  77°  in  the 
"  Midland  Counties,"  79"  in  "  England,  S.,"  and  So' 
in  *'  England,  E."  The  lowest  of  the  minima,  which 
were  generally  registered  either  on  the.  loth  or  1 1  th, 
varied  between  35"^  over  Ireland  and  the  Midland 
Counties,  and  44°  in  ''England,  S."  while  in  the 
Channel  Islands  the  lowest  reading  was  50°, 

y?a/H/a// has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  the  extreme 
*'N."  and  "N.E."  districts,  but  more  in  all  other 
parts  of  the  kingdom. 

Bright  Sunshine  shows  a  very  general  decrease,  the 
percentages  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration  ranging 
from  II  to  25  in  Ireland,  from  20  to  23  in  Scoiland, 
and  from  20  to  35  in  England;  in  the  "Channel 
Islands  *'  the  percentage  was  4I. 

Depressions  obserzicd.  —  During  the  greater  part  of 
this  period  two  areas  of  high  pressure  were  shown, — 
one  over  Scandinavia,  and  the  other  over  Spain. 
Under  these  conditions  several  low  pressure  systems 
were  formed  in  the  intervening  region,  causing  the 
direction  of  the  wind  on  our  coasts  to  be  rather 
variable,  but  chieSy  south-easterly.  On  the  9h, 
however,  a  deep  depression  moved  northward  along 
our  western  coasts,  bringing  southerly  and  south- 
westerly gales  or  strong  winds  to  all  our  we^tfrn 
stations.  At  the  end  of  the  period  the  high  pressure 
in  Scandinavia  had  disappeared,  and  another  depres- 
sion was  travelling  northwards  or  north-eastwards  to 
the  north-westward  of  Scotland,  with  increasing 
southerly  to  south-westerly  winds  at  all  our  western 
and  Doilhern  stations. 


* 


©Ijituars. 

The  death,  under  paintul  circumstances,  of  Mr. 
William  Forsyth,  for  many  years  gardener  at 
Gunnersbury  Park,  is  announced.  Mr.  Forsyth  died 
on  the  5th  inst.,  it  is  believed  by  suicide.  lie  was  in 
his  74th  year. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

'Our  Telegraphic  Address. — Uur correspondents 
are  requested  to  bear  in  mind  that  our  Registered 
Telegraphic  Address  is  "  Gardchron,  London." 
Telegrams  {hut  not  letters)  thus  addressed  will 
reach  the  Editor  or  the  Publisher  without  other 
address  bein^  needed. 


Ardarroch  :  P.  B.  W.  It  will  appear,  accompanied 
by  a  pag*;  illustralion,  on  November  13  next. 

Bulbs  Diseased  -.  C.  B.  G  Some  of  these  are  quite 
dead  and  brown  within,  so  cannot  possibly  sprout. 
Decayed  bulbs  will  not  infect  sound  ones  when  planted, 
if  the  diseased  or  dead  bulbs  do  not  come  into  contact 
with  the  sound  ones.  The  diseases  of  decaying  bulbs 
undoubtedly  spread  to  sound  ones  when  bulbs  sound 
and  unsound  are  stored  together  and  touch  each  other. 
If  you  refer  to  the  Indexes  of  our  past  volumes  you 
will  see  several  articles  on  the  subject  of  decaying 
bulbs. 

Calvakv  Clover  :  Pat.     Medicago  echinus. 

Cucumber  Roots  :  J.  VV.  The  specimens  sent  were 
affected  with  nematoid  worms.  Clear  out  plants  and 
burn  them,  the  soil  being  replaced  by  fresh. 

Double  African  Tuberoses:  R.  F.  These  wil^ 
draw  if  you  place  them  under  Vines  started  after 
Christmas.  You  may  pot  them  up  in  batches,  so  as  to 
secure  a  succession  of  bloom.  The  plants  do  best 
plunged  in  a  mild  bottom-heat,  in  a  d<iy  temperature, 
at  first,  of  58"  to  60",  and  the  plants  ought  to  be  kept 
near  the  glass,  otherwise  fohage  and  flower-slalk 
lengthen  greatly. 

Ferns  Disfigured  :  *A.  G.  Impure  gas  is  probably 
at  the  root  of  the  mischief. 

Figs  ;  W.  S.  Male  flowers  are  borne  in  the  same  Fig 
with  the  female,  but  generally  speaking,  and  subject 
to  exception,  the  male  flowers  are  not  perfect.  In 
consequence  the  male  Fig.  "  Capri  fig,"  was  used  in 
olden  limes  to  ensure  fertilisation.  Insects  also  would 
carry  the  pollen  Irom  one  plant  to  another.  You  will 
find  a  summary  of  our  knowledge  on  this  question  in 
the  Gardeners  Chronicle  for  February  27.  1886. 

Fungus  at  Foot  of  Pinaster  :  H.  G.  R.  This 
handsome  fungus  is  Sparassis  crispa,  one  of  the  edible 
series,  and  considered  very  good  by  those  who  like  it! 
W.  G.  S. 

Golden  Mohur  :  //.  f.  We  do  not  know  what  is 
meant  by  "Golden  Mohur"  seed,  unless  it  is  the 
Mohwa  (Bassia  latifolia),  whose  vernacular  name  is 
sly  spelt  Mohwa,  Moha,  Mowa,  Mohra.  or 
"  correspondent  will  send  us  a 

ans  we  may  be  able  to  identify 


Mahwa.     Perhaps 
few  seeds,  by  which  1 
them. 


Grape  Mrs.  Pearson  :  J.  M.  No  useful  purpose 
can  be  served  by  lollowing  up  the  subject. 

Insects  :  W,  H.  R.  The  large  whitish  blotches  on  the 
Odk  leaves  are  caused  by  the  minute  subcutaneous 
larvae  of  a  minute  moth  { Tischeria  complanella)  which 
c\t  the  parenchyma  of  the  leaves,  remaining  through 
the  winter  within  the  mine  thus  formed,  changing  to 
ctirysalids  in  the  foUowiog  spring,  the  moths  appear- 
mg  in  June.  /.  O.   W. 

Names  OF  Fruit:  W.Dodl.  1,  Beurr^  Hardy;  2,  Comte 
de  Lamy;  3.  Passe  Colmar ;  4,  not  recognised:  5, 
Hughes'  Viclorial;  6,  Easter  Beurre  ;  7,  Winter  Nelis. — 
"J.  Baylis.  i,  Doyenn^  du  Comice  ;  2,  Beurr^  Superfin  ; 
3.  Duchesse  d'Angoul^me  ;  4,  Zepherin  Gr^goire  ;  5, 
Nouvelle   Fulvie  ;   6.   Louise    Bonne  de  Jersey. —  W, 

E.  E.  Large  Pear  WilUams"  Bon  Chretien,  small  do. 
Marie  Louise— G.  J.  B.  i,  Beurr^  Did;  2,  P^che  ; 
3,    not   recognised  ;  4,  .Autumn  Bergamot. — Miss  P. 

1,  Napoleon  ;  2,  Fondante  d"Automne. 

Names  of  Plants  :  A.  Young.  Colutea  arborescens, 
Crataegus  tanacetifolia. — M.  P.  Clematis  coerulea. — 
Coxe.  I,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  ;  3,  Chamaecy paris 
sphseroidea  ;  the  others  next  week. —  T.  R.  Ingram. 
3,  Leucothoe  axillaris  ;  4,  Escallonia  montevidensis  ; 
8,  Aster  ericoides  ;  10,  Hydrangea  hortensis  var. ;  11, 
Hypericum  patulum.  Send  flowering  specimens  of 
the  others.— A  P.  Helianthus  decapetalus  ;  certainly 
not  Harpalium  rigidum. — J.  H.  i,  Cratasgus  azarolus  ; 

2,  C.  orientalis  var.  sanguinea. — C.  E.  F.  Lithosper- 
mum   officinale. — H.    Whcnvell.    Solidago   reflexa. — 

F.  G.  Tautz.  Aerides  Sanderiana. — K.  IV.  J.  i, 
Cryptomeria  japonica  ;   2,    Glyptostrobus   pendulus  ; 

3,  Taxodium  distichum  ;  4.  Eupatorium  Weinman- 
nianum  ;  5,  Glyptostrobus  heterophyllus  ;  6,  Retino- 
spora  squarrosa. — //.  L.  Maciura  aurantiaca. — Para- 
xon.    Cheilanthes  lendigera. 

Odontoglossum  crispum  ;  R.  E.  The  pecuUarity  of 
your  flower  arises  from  the  union  of  two  flowers,  each 
with  its  separate  column  and  lip. 

Peach-house  to  be  Planted  with  Mixed  Vines  : 
Hambro.  You  might  plant  Buckland  Sweetwater, 
Foster's  Seedling,  any  of  the  Frontignans,  if  you  like 
them  ;  Black— Champion  and  Golden  Hamburgh. 
Royal  Muscadine,  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  and  Trentham 
Black.  If  you  graft  Black  Hamburgh  on  Barbarossa 
you  will  gain  size  at  the  expense  of  flavour. 

Plant  Propagation,  Hard-wooded  Ericas,  New 
Holland  Plants  ;  A.  S.  B.  There  is  no  separate 
work  on  this  subject  in  the  English  language. 

Red  or  Orange  Rust  on  Roses:  J.  A.  E.  There 
is  no  known  cure  for  this  disease,  but  there  is  a  pre- 
ventative.     The  Roses  should  be  lifted  and  replanted 


every  autumn,  giving  at  the  same  time  plenty  of 
manure,  and  stirring  the  soil  as  deeply  as  it  will  allow. 

Seedling  Carnation  :  T.  It  has  no  value  as  a 
border  plant,  there  are  so  many  better  ones. 

•,*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  0/ the  paper  ^n^  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

(gf  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Posi-Oflice  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Otfice,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Paul  &  Sons,  "Old"  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  Herts- 
Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 

A.  M.  C.  Jongkindt  Coninck,  Tottenham  Nurseries, 
Dedemsvaart.  near  Zwolie,  Netherlands— General 
Trade  List  of  Plants. 

Haage  &  Schmidt,  Erfurt,  Germany — Novelties  for 
1887. 

L.  SpATH,  Rixdor  by  Berlin,  Germany— General  Cata- 
logue. 

CoMMUNicAATioNS  Received— H.  E  G.— L.  A.— G.  D.— 
H.  F.— G.  C— D.  M.  — H.  E.  G.— Cranston's  Nursery  Co.- 
T.  R.-R.  W.  K.-G.  T.  B.— W.  H.— G.  S.— W.  C.  Hetty, 
next  week. —W.  S.— E.  C— D.  C.  P.-W.  Swan.— D.  T.  F. 
-J.  H.— T.  W.  H^J.  F.— A.  D.-W.  C.  M.— Pyrus.— 
N.  E.  B.-C.  Roach  Smith.— D.  M.,'Kew  (many  thanks).— 
W  \V.~X.— Professor  Bayley  Balfour.— Professor  Marshall 
Ward. 


COVENT   GARDEN,     October    14 

HE  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
5  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 


averages  for  the  past  week  

the  price  at  any  particular  date, 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming 


illle 


s  can  they  be  taken 
;k.  Ed.] 


Trade  quiet;  no  alterations  to  quote.  James  Webber, 
Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples.  K-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  too  It 
Lemons,  per  case 
Melons,  e.ich 


Peaches,  per  dozen...  30-80 
Pears,  per  dozen  ,.  i  o-  r  6 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  30-40 
—  St.  Michael,  each  26-80 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


s.  d.  t,  d. 

Artichokes,  perdoz..  4  o-  . 
Aubergines,  each  ..03-. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ..  06-. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-2 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  04-.. 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  o  6-  . 
Cauliflowers, perdoz.  3  o-  . 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  6-  a 
Cucumbers,  each  ..06-1 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..10-2 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  04-  . 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  . 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,  i  o-  i 
PoTATOS  : —  Kent  Regents,  6cw. 
P.eautv  of  Hebron,  8 


Mint,  green,  bunch  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  punnet  i  6- 
MustardandCress.do.o  4- 
Onions,  per  bushel..  4  o- 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  o- 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..40- 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  o~ 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  3- 
Spinach,  per  bushel  3  o- 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  o  9- 
Turnips,  bunch  ..04- 
Veget.  Mar.,  each.,  o  3- 

80J.  :    Schoolmasters,  7 
to  90J.  per  ton. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia    Sieboldi,  per 

dozen  -.  ..6  &-18 
Asters,  per  dozen  .40-9 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  o-ia 
Bouvardias,  doz.  ..  g  0-12 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-12 
Cyperus,  per  do, 


terminalis, 


Erica  gracilis,  do2...i 
—  hyemalis,  doz.    ..1 

Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  . . 


s.  d.  s.  d 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24  o 

Ficus  elastica  each..  16-70 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18  o 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 


r.,do: 


Fnchsi 
Lilies,  inva 
Marguerite 

Mignonette,  per  doz.  . 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  1 
Palms  in  var..  each  : 
Pelargoniumms.scar- 
let,  per  doz. 


3  o- 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Whol 


Arum  Lilies.  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunch.  .. 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  .. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Camellias,  12  blooms 
Carnations,  12  blms. 
Chrysanth  ,  12  blms. 

Dah 
Dais 

bunches     ..  ..   2  < 

Eucharis,   per  dozen  4  1 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  2  1 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2  i 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  1  1 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o  1 
Ja     ■  •■       • 

'"  "hie 


Lilium     longiflo 

12  blooms.. 
Marguerites,    pe 


I*yrethrums.  12  bun.  2  t 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  o  1 
—  red,  per  do 


utdo 


Stephai 

sprays         . .  . .    4  . 

Sweet  Peas,  12  bun.  i  ( 
Tropjeolums,  12  bun.  i  < 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  o  * 
Violets,  12  bunches. .  o  1 
—  Parmc,  Fr..  bun.  4  < 


5o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  i6,  1886. 


SEEDS 

London  :  Oct,  13. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  M^rk  Lane.  E.G.,  report  to-day's 
market  inactive,  business  being  confined  to  very  narrow 
limits.  For  the  moment  the  consumptive  demand  is 
almost  vil,  whilst  there  is  just  now  a  complete  absence 
of  speculation  also.  Winter  Tares  move  off  slowly  at 
the  remarkably  low  rates  previously  noted.  Some  choice 
new  American  red  Clover  seed  is  just  coming  to  hand. 
For  blue  boiling  Peas  and  Haricot  Beans  the  inquiry  is 
meagre  ;  the  colder  weather  will  greatly  enhance  the 
demand.  There  is  no  important  change  in  the  trade  for 
Hemp  and  Canary  seeds.  Rather  more  money  is  asked 
for  feeding  Linseed. 

CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Oct.  11. — Only  a  limited  business  in 
Wheat  was  concluded,  and  on  the  week  prices  are  barely 
steady.  Fine  malting  Barley  was  in  steady  request,  at 
firmer  prices,  but  ordinary  and  grinding  descriptions 
were  dull  and  in  favour  of  buyers.  Beans  met  less 
demand,  and  were  6d,  lower  on  the  week,  and  Peas  from 
the  same  cause,  with  larger  arrivals,  vi-ere  \s.  lower. 
Maize  sold  slowly  without  appreciable  change.  Oats,  of 
which  arrivals  have  been  good,  met  a  fair  demand  at 
generally  firm  rates. 

Oct.  13. — The  Wheat  trade  continued  dull,  but  with 
very  httle  change  in  prices.  Flour  was  an  equally  slack 
trade,  with  prices  nominally  unaltered.  Grindmg  Barley 
met  very  little  inquiry,  but  sales  have  not  been  pressed. 
Good  malting  qualities  continued  firm.  Beans  and  Peas 
sold  slowly  at  Monday's  rates.  Maize  was  quiet,  but 
steady  in  value.  Oats  showed  a  further  hardening  ten- 
dency, with  a  fair  demand. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  October  9  : 
—  Wheat,  30J.  ;  Barley,  261.  ;  Oats,  17J.  Zd.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year: — Wheat,  30J.  jd.  ; 
Barley,  30J.  \\d,;  Oats,  i8j.  Zd. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Oct.  13.— Plentiful  supplies 
and  trade  good  at  slightly  advanced  rates.  Quotations  : 
Damsons,  is.  6d.  to  4J.  dd.  per  bushel  ;  Plums,  zs.  to  $s. 
do.  ;  Apples,  2j.  6d.  to  51.  do.;  Pears,  35.  to  5.^.  6d.  do.; 
Cauliflowers,  is.  dd.  to  8j.  per  tally  ;  Cabbages,  2j.  6d. 
t0  4J.  6(/.  do. ;  Vegetable  Marrows.  2J.  to4r.  do.  ;  Scarlet 
Beans,  u.  to  -zs.  per  sieve  ;  Beetroots,  \s.  6d.  to  "zs.  per 
dozen  bunches;  Turnips,  2J.  to  2J.  6^/.  do.;  Carrots, 
ij^.  6d.  to  2J.  do.  ;  Onions,  y.  6d.  to  41.  per  cwt.  ; 
Carrots,  22J.  to  365.  per  ton  ;  Mangel,  lys.  6d.  to  20J.  do, 

Stratford  :  Oct.  12. — The  market  has  been  well 
supplied,  and  a  fair  trade  has  been  done  at  the  under- 
mentioned prices  : — Cabbages,  qs.  6d.  to  31.  6d.  per 
tally  ;  Savoys,  45.  to  51.  do.;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  is.  gd. 
per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  per  dozen  bunches; 
Carrots,  household,  35^.  to  40J.  per  ton;  Mangels,  155. 
to  ijs.  do.  ;  Swedes,  22^.  to  251.  do.  ;  Onions,  Zos.  do.  ; 
do.,  pickle,  3^.  6d.  to  4^.  per  sack  ;  Watercress,  6d.  per 
dozen ;  Apples,  y.  to  6s.  per  bushel ;  Pears,  3^^.  to 
4J.  6d.  do. ;  Plums,  is.  gd.  to  zs.  per  half  sieve  ;  Dam- 
sons,  IS.  gd.  to  2S.  do.  ;  Celery,  8j.  to  gs.  per  dozen 
rolls. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Oct.  12. — There  were 
iuU  supplies  of  indifferent  quality,  which  were  very  dull  of 
sale.  Best  qualities  were  in  moderate  supply  and  sup- 
ported in  value.  Quotations: — Kent  Regents,  50J.  to 
gos.  ;  Essex,  50J.  to  8oj.  ;  Early  Rose,  60s.  to  70s. ;  Mag- 
num Bonums,  50J.  to  80s.;  and  Hebrons,  6oi.  to  95J. 
per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Oct.  13. — Quotations  ; — 
York  and  Lincolri  Magnums,  505.  to  65^. ;  Regents,  60J. 
to  yos.;  Victorias,  60s.  to  70.*.;  Kent  and  Surrey  Regents, 
70J.  to  80J.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  50J.  to  70^.;  Cambridge- 
shire Regents,  60s.  to  yos.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  12  — Quotations  : — Magnums,  60s. 
to  65^.  ;  Regents,  6oi.  to  70^^.  ;  and  Blackland,  50J.  to 
60s.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  28  sacks  from  Boulogne,  671  bags  from  Harlin- 
gen,  9  from  Rotterdam,  54  tons  from  Roscoff,  and  409 
bags  from  Hamburg. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel,  Oct.  12.— The  Clover  trade  was  very 
depressed,  with  continued  large  supphes.  Best  hay 
meets  a  fair  inquiry.  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  88j, 
to  104.1.  ;  inferior,  jos.  to  84J.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  gos,; 
inferior,  30J.  to  65J. ;  and  straw,  zys.  to  38J.  per  load. 

Oct.  14. — There  was  a  moderate  supply  on  offer.  The 
trade  was  very  dull  at  late  rates. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  Oct.  12.— A  large 
supply  was  on  offer,  but  very  dull  trade,  greatly  in- 
fluenced by  the  weather.  Quotations  : — Clover,  best, 
841.  to  loos.;  second,  yos.  to  Sos.  ;  hay,  best,  8oj.  to 
85J. ;  second,  6oj-.  to  75J. ;  and  straw,  28J.  to  365.  per 
load. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  12.— Quotations  :  Hay,  80s.  to 
84s.  ;  Clover,  901.  to  955.  ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  33^^.  per 
load. 


OoTemment  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  the  prices  of  the  preceding  Saturday,  viz.,  looj  to 
loi  for  delivery,  and  101  to  loi^  for  the  account.  The 
final  quotations  of  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  were  1004- 
to  ioo|  for  delivery,  and  loo^-J  to  looV,^  lor  the  account. 
The  closing  record  on  Thursday  was  ioo\i  to  looyl  for 
delivery,  and  ioo|  to  looj  the  account. 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP 

HYACINTHS, 

In  Distinct  Colotirs, 

For  RIBBON  BORDERS,  (Sc. 


FLOWERING  SIMULTANEOUSLY.  Pen 


Carters'  Bright  Crimson  ..  18  0 

Carters'  Deep  Rose    •■  ••  18  0 

Carters'  Light  Rose  ■•  ••  18  0 

Carters'  Rich  Purple  •■  •■  18  0 

Carters'  Dark  Blue    ■■  ■•  18  0 

Carters'  Light  Blue    ••  ••  18  0 

Carters'  Pu7e  White  • .  .  ■  21  0 

Carters'  White-Tinted  ••  21  0 

Carters'  Canary-Yellow  •  •  21  0 

EQUAL    QUANTITIES    OF    EACH    COLOUR, 
Per  100,  183.  6d. ;  per  1000,  175s. 


3   0 

3  0 
3  0 
3  0 
3  0 
3  0 
3  6 
3  6 
3  6 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Commands  to  H.M.  the  Que 
AND  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237 
238) 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Clapton  Nuisery,  London,  E  ;  and  Bush  EUI 
Park  Nursery,  Enfleld. 


CO. 


HUGH      LOW     i. 

Invite  inspection  of  the  stock  in  these  Nl 
extent,  fine  in  qualitv,  moderate  in  price  — comprising  AZA- 
LEAS, CAMELLIAS,  CYCLAMEN,  CONIFER/E  Fl'A. 
CRIB.  ERICAS.  FEkNS,  FRUIT  TREFS,  ORAPE 
VINKS,  GREENHOUSE  ard  DECORATIVE  PLANTS, 
HARDY  SHRUBS.  ORCHIDS,  PALMS,  PELARGONI- 
UMS, ROSkS,  stove  and  SOFT-WOODED  PLANTS, 
TREE  CARNATIONS,  &c.  MARliCHAL  NIEL  ROSE, 
many  thousands,  in  pots,  grand  plants,  5  to  12  feet  in  length, 
i8j.  to  60J.  per  dozen. 

274,600  Supeiflclal  Feet  of  Glass. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK.  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

includine    Descriptive     "  List    of   New,    Rarb.     and 

Choice  Ferns."  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL. 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
descriptioD.  Price  6s.  per  bushel 
(ij,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
dd.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  geDuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  slenature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchant!;.  Hieheate  Nnr-^eri*?-;.  N. 


CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

CHOICE    PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 
^  100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 


Olher  (frets 


,  for  4 


,  6js. 


loss. 


CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application. 
Varieties  of  the  following  :  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS,  6s.  ;    13  Vellow.flowered,  irs. 
12  PINKS,   Lared   Flowers,  4s.  and  6s.,  strong  pVnnts. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA,  coveted  with  flower  buds,  185.  and  24s. 
12     ..     MOLLIS,  d.lto,  fine  for  cutting,  I2S.  and  i3s. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  coveied  with  flower  buds,  21!.,  301.,  421. 


E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vale, 

LONDON,     W. 


DUTCH    BULBS, 

DIRECT  FKO\f    THE    GROWtRS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE   FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR   GUINEA    PACKAGES 

OF  CHOICE   HARDY  FLOWER-ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardening,  much  eLlarged,  now 

Collection  "  F"  for  Spring  Gardening, 

Contaliilag  932  Bulbs. 


3^  Hyacinth;  . 

50  Tulips,  single  early. 

50  Tulips,  double. 

24  Tuhps,  single  late. 

20  Narcissus.  Polyanthus. 

24  Narcissus'  Poeticus. 
50  Anemones,  double. 

400  Crocus,  in4disiiQCtcoloi 


50  Persian  Ranunculus. 
24  French  Ranunculus. 
50  Snowdrops,  single. 
34  Spanish  Iris, 
24  Triteleia  uniflora. 
24  Gladiolus 
4  Lilium  nmbellatum. 
13  Scilla  sibirica  praecox. 


Collection  "C"  for  Indoor,  containing 

281  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasseg. 

plendid 


Hyacinths    18  i 

named  % 

,(   Roman  Hy 

Tulips,  single  ea 


6  Due  vanThol.iedand  V 
6    „     ,,    „    scarlet,  [lo 
Tulips,  double  early — 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  whit 
6  Rex  Rubrorum,  fine  crii 
6  T,.urnesol.  [be 


Nan 


10  fine 
us,  Pol 
4  finest 


6  double,  sweet-scented, 

12  S  cilia  sibirica  (pi  iecox). 
12  Choice  Ixias. 

12       ",     Oxalis. 

12  Grape  Hyacinths  (H.  bo- 

6  Eranlhis  hyemalis. 

6  Snowdrops. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 

6  Allium  Neapolitanum. 


Half  of  elttier  of  the  above  for  10a,  6(1. 

The  above  Packages  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Messrs. 
MEKTENS  AND  CO.,  3.  Cross  Lane,  St  Mary-at-HJl, 
London,  E  C,  on  leceipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-rffice  Older. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  ol  Bulbsfor  I  NDOOR 
and  SPRING  GARDENING,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CATALOGUE  for  i886,  which  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 
ANT.  BOOZEN  &  SON,  Nurserymen, 
OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM.  HOLLAND. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  iheir 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
%tL^  Gardeners  Chronicle  oi^^px.  4.  P- 298.  The  finest  slock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  Loodon  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  devirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  cnnvenient  to 

Mr.    COOPER,   E  R  H  S  .    Caloot   Gardens.    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sirts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS     on   application. 


AFRICAN    TUBEROSES, 

"WM.   RISLEY,   Maritzburg,  Natal. 

The  Trade  and  Growers  are  hereby  informed  that 
Mr.  Risley'S  Crop  is  now  landed.  The  Bulbs  are  in 
splendid  condition,  large  and  healthy,  and  altogether 
such  as  have  never  before  been  offered  in  the  market. 
Quotations  very  low.  Cases  free.  Terms,  net  cash. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 

WM.    G.    MAC    GREGOR, 

17,  FENCHURCH  STREET,  E.C. 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


507 


F 


OR  SALE,  a  few   thousand   of  Red   (Rob 

Rov)  and  White  (flat  p=tal)  DAISIES. 
H.     H'^KRIS,    Wr.lilc    Road.     Chelmsford. 


FOR  SALE,  about  sii  dozen  of  GARDE- 
NIAS, well  b.iddedand  planted  out  in  pits;  also  Ihlneen 
large  pot- of  EUCHARIS  AM/lZ')NICA,  splendid  flowering 
Bulbs.     Price  £14.     Cash  with  order. 

E.  HAW  THORN,  Gaidener,  Ascot  Rectory,  Berks. 

FOREST  TREES.— To  Autumn  Planters.— 
The  Subscribers  clTer  advantageous  terms.  Personal  in- 
spection of  their  stock  desirable— Extent  unequalled— quality 
unsurpassed— prices  low. 

LITTLE  AND  BALLANTYNE,  Carlisle  Nu 


GOODandCHEAP.— 
40,000  GOOSE  BERRIES,  including  Whinham's  Industry. 
iS.coo  APPLES,  PEARS,  and  PLUMS,  strong  and  healthy. 
in  various  forms,  ro.ooo  LAURELS,  Caucasian,  Common,  and 
Rolundifolium,  2  to  4  feet,  extra  fine.  3o,coo  Oval  and  Ever- 
green PRIVET,  strone  and  bushy.  2  to  4  feet.  Also  hrge 
stocks  of  Tree  BOX,  AUCUBAS,  THUIAS,  POPLARS,  LA- 
BURNUMS,  LIMES,  SEAKALE,  &c.  Special  low  quota- 
tions on  application.  Sample  of  small  articles  free,  large  articl-s 
for  stamps.  Our  special  offer  of  choice  PEAS  and  other  SEED 
will  be  ready  shortly. 

HARRISON  AND  SONS,  Seed  Growers,  Leicester. 

Orchids. 

JROBSON,  Bowdon  Nursery,  Altrincham, 
•  having  purchased  Two  Private  Collections  of  Established 
ORCHIDS,  is  prepared  to  supply  strong  flowering  Plants  at 
the  foUowine  very  1  iw  prices  for  cash  :  — 

.  ORCHIDS,  in   12  choice  varieties,  601.  ;    24  ditto,  lODi. 


aoplic 


J.  R   is  also  ofTering  the  following  Plants,  at  extraordi , 

low  prices,  viz.  :— CARNATIONS,  in  25  best  varieties,  -,or. 
per  100;  DIANTHUS.  Napoleon  III.,  2oi.  n.r  itx)  :  PICO- 
TEES,  in  25  best  varieties.  251.  per  rco  ;  PYRETHRUMS, 
in  25  best  double  varieties,  zos.  per  loo  ;  PELARGONIUMS, 
in  25  best  varieties,  40J.  per  too:  Manchest^r  Market  and 
Drumhead  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  y.  per  1000  for  cash. 


PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 20  inches  high— Latania  boibooica,  is.  6d.  ;  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ij.  6d.  :  Areca  lutescens,  ij.  bd  ;  Phte  nx 
reclinata,  is  6d.  :  Euterpe  edulis,  ts,  6d.  ;  Corypha  australis, 
IS.  6V.  ;  six  for  8r..  or  12^  6d.  per  dozen. 
COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  is.  to  51.  each 
PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high  — Latania  bor- 
bonica.  Seaforthiaelegans.Phtenix  tenuis  and  Phcenix  reclinata, 
6d.  each,  or  4J.  per  dozen.  Packages  and  delivery  free, 
large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  5f.  to  501.  each. 


GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  Londo 


I  N. 


APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  oSering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
•which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  51  each;  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hi  1,  S-E. 

HE    COTSWOLD     HARDY'rOSES.-^ 

These  Roses  have  been  Exhibited  and  Awarded  Prizes 
at  most  of  the  principal  Rose  Exhibitions  in  England.  The 
Subscnhers  oflfer  strong  bushts,  well  rooted,  on 

BRIER  CUTTINGS,  at  01.  per  dozen,  70s.  per  100  ■ 
MANETTI,  60J.  per  100; 
OWN  ROOTS,  70s.  per  too. 
STANDARDSand  HALF  .STANDARDS,  121.  to. 8 J.  per  dor. 

CATALOGUES  now  ready. 
_^N0.  JEFFRIES  and  SON,  Rose  Growers,  Cirencester. 

L"   I  M  E  S   —   E  l7  M  S^^L^rM  E  S. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best     red-twigged     variety,      12    to    14    feet,     and 

ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  ftet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
""■ SON,    BUling    Road    Nurseries, 


Camelllaa,  Azaaeas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&o.     Plants  grown  specially  for  Engli.h  use. 

n      VUYLSTEKE,      Nurseryman, 

^^*  Locchtisty,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25.  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars.  London,  E.C. 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  4J.  per  100.     Plans  in  small  pots,  i6j.  per  ico  ; 
duio  in  large  pots,  2SJ  per  ico.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.    PRICES  LOIV. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 

LARGE       DESCRIPTIVE       CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Compute  Guide  for  Amateurs.     Gratis  and  Fml/ree. 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN,    CHARD, 
SOMERSETSHIRE. 


JERSEY    FRUIT  TREES. 

Carriage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order,  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  S0»,  High  View 
Nurseries,  who  will  send.  Carriage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


Carnations,  Plnka.  &c..  for  Forcing. 

C^  EO.  SMITH,  6i,  Penrose  Street,  Walworth, 
T  S.E..  offers  the  above  in  v..riety  ;  PINK.-",  Mule.  Mrs. 
SINKIN.  ANNE  EOLLYN,  and  many  other  choice  peren- 
nials ;  3!.  per  dozen  c.ish  :   Trade  discount. 


LILY    OF    THE    VALLEY.— First   quality 
o(  true  Beilin  variety  for  early  forcing,  at  33s.  per  1000. 
By  larger  quantities  special  price.     A  liberal  discount  for  cash 
allowed.     Samples  sent  free  of  charge. 
H.  GUMTAU  AND  CO.,  14,  Victoria  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE- 

4rf.  per  bushel ;  100  for  251.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  1  topi), 
40J.  :  4-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  s'-  (^-  P«  sack  ; 
5  sacks  25^.  :  sacks,  4^.  each, 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  32J.  ;  sacks. 
Ad.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ts.  grf.  per  bushel ;  iss.  per  half 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  81.  bd.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G  SMYTH.  F  R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  21.  6/.,  55.  W., 
and  lol.  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbro  k  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHtD  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality^ 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  tS^     '    ' 
to  J.  Kennard),  S\        "'         '^' ' 


,  .    ,  n-law  and  S' 

I  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
ished  1854. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  loi.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  is.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  155.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNU.M,  loj.  dJ.  per 
bag.     SI  LVE  R  SA  N  D,  coarse  or  fine,  ■  is.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnboro' Station,  Hants. 


THOMSON'S     IMPROVED     VINE     and 
PLANT    MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
uo  solely  on  our  premises  here.     Eve.y  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.   It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  I  cwt.  and  over  car.  iase  paid 
(Jur  Lordon  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,   Victoria   Road, 

WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS.  Clovenfords,  Gala.shiels,  N.B. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

•^^ZZ.^  '^^^'^  PittzE  Medals.  -^=^ 

Quality  THE  BEST  In  the  Market    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    55-  P=»  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221.  6d. 
peat!  best  black  fibrous     ..  41.  6rf.       „       5  sacks  lor  20J. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5J.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  251. 


IST.best  I  iJ. 
,nly..    I 


per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack, 
(sacks  included). 


;.6a.  per  bush., 


.nly. 


LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  .. 

PREPARED  COMPOST,'^- 

LEAF  MOULD,  best      ' 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  unported        ..     „..„.    .„.„.  ,„,. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Sptoalit^    8<;.  lb.,  an  lb  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5s.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  perbusb..  6s.  per  sack. 

CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Be»t  Food  for 

allkindsofPlants,  Flowers  Fruits, Vegetables.Sc.  Tms,  is.  6rf. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3S.-,  I4lb,,5s.;  281b..  8s.;  561b.,  I4t.:  i  cwt,  22s. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only— 141b.,  3s. ;  28  lb. .  5s.  6</. ; 

56  lb  ,  los.  6d. :  I  cwt .  17s.  Lper  bushel. 

Hi^)RTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  6J. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  131. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,    30s.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  oa  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only.  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

E    P    P    S'  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  i8sg  agalnsi  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressmg  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  aud  iiiS.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,     RalBa,    Mats,     Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,    Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  S^^  London,  E.C, 

X'Rchangel7taganrog,"peters- 

-i~*-    BURG,   and  DUNNAGE   MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA    FIBRE,    new   arrival,    at   reduced  price        SEED 
B\GS  and  SACKS.   HOPES,   LINES  and  TWINES.  TAR- 
PAULINS and  HORSE  CLOTHS.     Prices  on  aoplicatlon. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

SILVER  SAND.— 24J.  per  truclTof  4  tons  ; 
Best,  3or.  do.  ;  PEAT,  60s.  per  truck  of  10  cubic  yards, 
Best,  Sos  ,  loos.,  and  iios.  do.  :  LO*M.  best,  50s.  per  truck  of 
4  tons;  Best  ORCHID  PEAT  and  MOSS.  Sard  and  Peat 
packed  in  sacks  or  casks.  Lowest  prices  and  lowest  transit  rates 
secured  —W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co.,  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


1HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  materials  ot  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
uited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  little    room,  and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
grown  "   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c,,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  m  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsiand  Road.  E 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supphed. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plam  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TII.ES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Tnickload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samoles  of  Sand  Iree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PE.ATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

Accidents  ot  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Fstablished  1849),  64.  Comhii',  London. 

Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £216,000. 

Compensation   piid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ;^2, 215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M    Farquhak.  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  OSice  : — 64,  CoruhiU,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 


"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Futl,.^ 


I73-5"   OF  HEAT 

I  iVS<*»^      *  CONSUMED    LE.'SS    FUEL    &         -vv-=5,_,, 

J  e^^PRODUOED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHEL  OF  TUEl'^s^^ 

ttjiJ'or  ANY  BeiLER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL  ISSS^ 

.5\A/o,j  FIRSTPRlZE.rJTH^IOOOr"T 

?      ALSO  FIRST  PRiZEi,j THE  500r.^^ 

a:^=      1000  BOILERS  NOW  IW  USE  =S3. 
SX)'PREVIOUS  AWARDS.I6   PRIZE  MEDALS 5  DIPLOMAS] 

LONDON  1    5  REDCR0S3    S^     S    VICTORIA  DRY  GLAZINtS  WORKS] 
■)?Fr  ICE  t    BOUTHWARK  S' tt-^a'         HARLOW  .ES5E)t 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  suttoa 
in  England,  ready  gla.-'ed  and  painted  :— 

6  leet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    A2  is    o 

12  feet  long,  4  leet  wide,         4150 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,  i  3  *^     ° 

12  feet  long,  s  <eet  wide,         ,,  „  .     ,,  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


5o8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  1886. 


I  FLAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 
Gardens,    or    Walks  under    Trees.       Prices,    id.,   zad.. 


C.     FRAZER, 

Horticultural  Builder,  Norwich. 

THE  "RAPID"    PROPAGATOR 

ihe    best    and    cheapest 
tr  k  1  g  cuttings,  raising 
_7  -^     seeds     or   propagating  any- 
thing   requiring    a    bottom- 
heat      Strongly  made.   Price 

»^ I     includes    Lttmp  and  Regis- 

ed  Central  Heating 
[tie  as  engravirg.  Cost 
orkmg  reduced  to  a 
m  as  all  heat  gene- 
1  s  utilised.  At  this 
n  no  garden  should  be 


£1  17b    6d 


ches   wide. 


No  3  3  feet  6  inchc! 
high  by  3  feet  long  by  a  Jee 
w  de,  £2  lOS. 

Pack  ng,  BS. 
*»*  All  orders  executed  m  rotation 
Carr  age  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and  Wales 
also  to  Edinburgh    Glasgow,  Dub  in  and  Belfast 

Illustrated  Catalogues,  post-free,  two  penny  stamps. 
See  Adz'ertiiement  alternate  weeks. 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH    GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATER    APPARATUS. 


complete,  £,\  i,s       Deliv 

cash.     Cost  of  apparatus 

delivered  free  with  pipes 

,0X6  feet     ..U     1 

i»    X    8  feet     ..     5 

9  fe 


Greenhouse,  the  front  only  being  outsidt 
so  that  the  whole  of  I  he  heat  from  the  Boile 
.  Itself  is  utilised.  It  bu 
'  hours  wuhout  attention,  at  a  nomii 

Price,  as  engraving,  with  Boiler,  open 
1  feet  of  4-ioch  hot- water  pipe,  and  patent  j:' 


■ed  fre 


Dis 


t  for 


plete  for  Greenhouses  as  below, 
id  fitted  ready  tor  fixing  : — 
I    20   X    lo  feet    ..;£->      00 
25    X    j2  feet    ..     6     16     8 
I     40  X    16  feet    . .   12     12     4 
Pro'poitiona-e  prices  for  ether  size;.      Estimates  free. 
Illustrated    LIST,    with  full   particulars  of  these   and    every 
desciip--Kn  of  Fuel,  Ga<;,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free. 

DEANE    &    CO, 

HOKTICULTUEAL    BuiLDSKS    AND    HOT-WATER    EnGINEEKS, 

^''' ^t^r^eeT*"^" jLUNDON    BRIDGE. 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co,  (Ld,), 

(lae    RicHAKD    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Fslablished  Half  a  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, supolv  Ihe  purect  Anthracite  fir  Hiirlicultural  purposes. 
COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
London  Offices    emd    Depot.   3,    Mileage  Station, 

Paddlngton,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co,  will  be  pleased  to  furni.h 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


Tbe  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


I.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  Qfeet  long,  ^s.  jd.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  g  feet  long,  +r.  6d.  each. 
FtM  lUusirated  Revised  Price  List  on  amplication. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal ! 

ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
pndample  heat  wilhcommon  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
hjuses.  Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria    Street,    Westminster,     S.W. 


TCLftSSHOUSES&ttEATiN-G: 


W0R%^!it<^ 


BBACTFORT  8TREKT.   CHELSEA..   S.W.r^^ 


FAWKES'  Slow-combus- 
tion HEATING  APPAR-VTUS 
— Most  efficient  and  cheapest  id  e\ 
istence.  Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting.  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention.  Will  burn  houie 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel.     Anyone  can  fix  it      A  do- 


Be^vare  0/ 

plcte  Apparatus:, 
lukich  -will  not 
last  ail  iKght 

Full  particulars... 

and      Prices      of|'!i 

every    sized  Ap- 

paratu-,  and 

Testi- 

lials    for    last 


CROMPTON    &    FAWK 

CHELMSFORD. 


ES, 


Colonial  and  InJian  Exhibition,  1886. 
DASHWOOD'S 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Estimates  for  every  Design  and  Style. 

ARTHUR  DASHWOOD  &  CO. 

(LIMITED), 

WIMBLEDON,  S.W. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121     BUNHILL    ROW     LONDON     EC 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  wH  give  E  t  mates  for 
every  desa  pt  on  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of 
charge   and  send  competent  a^s  stants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material   in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Wails,  Paths,  and  Stages, 


21-OZ  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  soo  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4th^  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORQE    FARMILOB    Sc    SONS, 

GLAS?:.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlttifield,  London.  E.G. 

■Stock  List  atui  Prues  on  a/tpliealwn.     (Juole  Chronicle. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCKIPTIOH,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


m 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES    SCHOOLS  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS    MANSIONP, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS    HOTHOUSES    and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 

SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER. 

HOT-WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  description. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Ve7itilafing 

Arrangement 

for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    BAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PUBPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM   FITTINGS,  ENGINES,   BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 


October  i6,  iS86,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


509 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  HORTICULTURiL  BUILDERS,  NORWICH, 


Boulton     &     Paul's     PLANT 

FRAMES  are  always  in  stock,  ready 
to  be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  They 
are  made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  from 
the  best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  special  re- 
quirements, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  Frames  are  of  \\  in.  boards,  13  in.  high 
in  front,  24  in.  high  at  back,  and  32  in.  at  the 
ridge,  bolted  at  the  corners,  and  easily  taken 
to  pieces  if  required.  The  Lights  are  2  inches 
thick,  arranged  to  turn  over,  front  or  back,  and 
provided  with  set-opes  for  ventilating,  and 
the  whole  painted  four  coats.  The  Glass  is 
English,  21-oz.  weight.  Packed  and  sent, 
CARRIAGE  PAID,  to  any  station  in  England 
and  Wales,  to  DubUn,  Belfast,  London- 
deny,  Cork,  Glasgow,  and  stations  equiva- 
lent.   Cases  are  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No  74.— Threa-Quarter  Span  Plant  Frame.    All 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.        Widih.         Price. 
2-LlGHT  IRAME  ..    8  feet  by  6  feet  ^f 4  12     6 

3  ,,  ,,         ..  12  feet  by  6  feet    650 

4  ,,  ,,         ..  16  feet  by  6  feet     800 

5  ,,  ,,  ..20  feet  by  6  feet  9  15  o 
Smaller  Frames  are  made.     Lists  post-free 

CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden 
Frames  in  every  variety  made.  Garden  Imple- 
ments, Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  everything 
required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds 
Post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  ly 
appointment  in  any  part  ol  the  kingdom. 


CONTEACTORS    TO    HEH    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GEOUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

(TELEGEAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONION), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horiicultural  Purpos'  s, 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,   i  7M  Edition,  price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


CAST-IRON     SADDLE    BOILER, 

With  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Inches  to  66  laches  long. 


A  COLD  MED-\L  (tl 


ct>  o/A    I 


Greenhouses  of  every 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    heated.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least 
obstruction  to  light 
and  sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and   rigidity, 

nT^^~_ia ="  P""'«s  which,  owing 

I    i,tSy^^^^°~"    to     unusual    f.iciUties, 
defy  competition. 


illei 
us,    (or 


nil  do 


ellt. 


tef, 


imate  from 
no  charge 
re     placing 
elsewhei 


thei 

Illustrated  Catalogues 
'ret.  Richly  /ilustrated 
L  ntalesue,  crMainmg 
-er  to  Hates  c/  llml.r 
Garelens,  Consetli  ttories. 
I  'fieri,  s,  Plait  /f ousts. 
J^oicirtg  //ouses  &^c,re- 
eently  erected  by  M,  &' 
Co-,  /or  24  sratrps. 


MESSENGER   &   COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners*     Chronicle"    for 
^^,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


.  Months, 


cominenci7io 


j^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office   must  be  paid  for  in  advance 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £\  31.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  \is.  l\d.\    3  Months,  ds.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £1  (>s.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £1  8x.  ^d. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42.  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUAfMOND." 


510 


THE    GARDENERS.'    CHRONICLE 


[October  i6,  1886, 


THE  GARDENERS^CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINa. 

Head  Line  cfuireed  as  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

T 

0 

15  Lines. ..£0    8 

6 

5      ,, 

...     0 

1 

6 

16 

„     ...    0    9 

0 

6     „ 

...     0 

4 

0 

17 

„     ...    0    9 

6 

7     .. 

...     0 

4 

6 

18 

„     ...    0  10 

0 

8     „ 

...     0 

■; 

0 

19 

0  10 

6 

9     ,, 

...    0 

■; 

6 

20 

„     ...   0  II 

0 

10     „ 

...    0 

6 

0 

21 

„     ...   0   n 

6 

11     „ 

...      0 

6 

6 

22 

0   12 

0 

12     „ 

..I      0 

7 

0 

23 

„     ...   0  12 

6 

13     „ 

...      0 

7 

6 

24 

„     ...   0   13 

0 

14     „ 

...    0 

8 

0 

25 

„    ...   0  13 

6 

/I 

ND  SIXPENCE 

OR   KV 

ERV   ADD 

TIONAL  LINK. 

liset 

across  two 

Colu 

mtis.  tJ 

e  lowest 

charge  will  be  301. 

If  set  a 

cross  three  Col 

imns, 

he  lowest  charge  will  be  4 

s. 

Page 

.^ 

„ 

..i9    0    0 

Half  Page  .. 

_ 

..500 

Column 

..350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

z6  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE   ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST   BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  oj'encd  by  the  autitorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  iveek  MUST  reach  tin  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :  12  Months,  (,\  33.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months.  113.  11(1.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign  {excepting   India  and   China) ;    including    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  8S.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  oay-ible  at  42.  DRURV  LANE, 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


Russia  Mats— Raffia. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURO  MATS,   of  ad   qualities.       KAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  &c.      All  lh.fse  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
oiher  fi.m      S.ipul'ed  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARKNDAZandFISHKK.  J*mesSt..  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

To  Burserymeo,  Seed  Merchauts,  and  Florists. 

JBLAcKBUKN  AND  SUNS  are  oftering 
•  Archangel  M  Vl'S  lower  ihin  any  other  house  ia  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MAIS  and  MAT  DAGS.  RAFFIA 
FIfiRE,  TtlBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shadins;  M..teriaK  Prices 
free  on  application, — 4  and  5,  Woimwood  Street,  Loudon,  E.C. 

OU  Paint  no  Longer  NecessaiT. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stoue. 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  suh^utiite  (or  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper,  ll  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  ihe  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  noiwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  m  Casks  of  about  50  gallons  each,  at  u.  dd.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manu  actory.  or  \s.  Zd,  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  E>q  .  The  Ryteys,  Al.ierley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  >our  Black  Varnibh,  and 

shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 

best   thing    known    for    the   preservation    of  all  outdoor  work, 

either  wnnd  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entiaiice  Gates.  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.C.  ;  and 
1^6,  Stephen's  Green.  Drihlin. 


HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS    &    CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


Wood 

THE  GENERAL  WOOD  COMPANY, 
Swedish  Wharf.  Hiuh  Street,  Peckham.  London,  b.E., 
supply  all  descriutinns  o(  WOOD  at  Wholesale  Prices  for 
Orr-enhnu-e  HRAMES  Manuf.ctured  DOORS,  Fl  O  "HINO, 
MOULDINGS.  SASH-BARS,  RICK  and  SCAFFOLD 
POLES,  SCANTLINGS,  and  BOARDS. 

Manufactured  to  exact  sizes,  and  prepared  ready  for  fixinR. 
Aorly  for  qnntntions  as  ahove. 


WARNER'S     WINDMILLS    for    PUMP- 
ING, DRAINAGE,   or  IRRIGATION.       Nothing 
better  in  favourable  positions. 


WARNERS    STAk   WINDMILLS 

Gold  and  Silver  Medals  awarded    Calcutta  Exhib  tiot,,  i8S)  4. 

Testimonial  frotn  a  Frutt  Grower  where  it  git  s  great  satis- 

/action— ivoi/iS  it'tth  very  light  bree..e. 

"  Smtnley,  Kent,  October  18,  1S83. 

"  Gentleman  —I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  inform  you  that  the 

Wind  Engine  you  fixed  for  me  about  a  year  ago  gives  great 

satisfaction,  as  it  is  very  seldom  that  there  is  not  enough  wind 

to  work  it,  as  it  works  with  a  very  light  breeze,  except  in  one 

direction,  where  trees  shelttr  it  too  much  —Yours  tiuly. 

"  Messrs.  J.  Warner  &  Sons."  "  H.  STAPLES. 

Testimonial  from  a  Scotch  Laird,  -who  says  it  is  ivorkiitg 

admirably — a  decided  success — savis  laborious  ivo>k. 

•'  Island  of  Coll,  A'gAUhire.  N.B.,  October  x<i,  1883. 

"  Dear  Sirs. — 1  enclose  a  cheque  in  payment  of  accouLt  for  ihe 

Windmill,  which  is  working  admirably.     So  far  it  is  a  decided 

success,  and  the  previous  hand-oiimper  is  saved  much  laboricui 

work. -Yours  irulv,  "JOHN  JAMES  STEWART. 

••  Messrs.  John  Warner  &  Sons." 
Prices  and  Cruali'gue  upon  aop'ication.wilh  data  of  requirements. 
JOHN  WARNER  and  SONS,  Crescent  Fourrdry,  Cripple- 
gate,  London,  E.C.  ;  and  the   Foundry  Works,  Walion-on-lhe- 


Na 


,  ESFI 


BOULTON   k    PAUL^ORWICH. 

LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Power  \il  Garden 

Engine  combined. 

Th  s    implement    is     most 

I  se  ul   in  lai^e   gardens;    is 

fitted  wiih  valve  and  spread- 

'er   for  di  tributing  water  or 

...  id    manure        Waterpots 

pat  s  can  be  filled  when 

h  Price— Carriage  Paid. 
_    _  L  mplete(3'igalls.)^5i°J- 

IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

N      f6  for  SCO  ft    ',    n   ti  bi  ig  . .  loj.  6(/. 

No   67   or  2  o  ft      «  in    t  ■ 


No 


Strong  Wrought  Garden  Barrow. 


Prices. 

,w.  With  Galva- 

1  Tank,  ,£1  ijt. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  Ct. 
36  gall.    Barrow,    with    Oak 
Tub,  ll  IS. 


BOULTON    &    PAUL,     NORWICH. 

E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


FREE      GRANTS      OF      LAND 
IN     CANADA. 
In  Manitoba,  the  North- West,  and  all  the  other  Provinces. 
Impnvcd  Farms  fur  Sale  in   Nova  Scotia,    Ntw  Brunswick 
Prince  Edward    Island,    Qaebtc,  Ootano,    Manitoba,   North 
West,  and  British  Columbia. 

Openings  for  Investment  of  Capital. 

For  Products  and  Manufactures  of  Canada,  see  Canadian 
Section,  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition.  Assisted  Passages 
offered  to  Farm  Labourers  and  Domestic  Servants. 

For  Pamphlets  containing  maps  and  other  information, 
supplied  gratis  and  post-free,  apply  to  the  High  Commissioner 
for  Canada,  g,  Victoria  Chamber^,  London.  S  W,  ;  Mr.  J. 
DYKE,  15,  Water  Street,  Liverpool ;  Mr.  T.  GRAHAME,  40, 
St.  Enoch  Square,  Glassow  ;  or  at  the  Canadian  SectioD, 
Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  South  Kensington. 


22  PaEPs,  Illustrated,  Post-free.        See  Pages  6  to  lo  for 

How  TO  MAKE  Blanc  Mange,  Baked 
Custard,  Farola  Cream.  Farola  Cake,  Granola  Porridge, 
Granola  Puddini;s,  Milk  Porridge.  Children's  or  Family  Pud- 
ding, Bjked  Pudding,  Steamed  Podding,  French  Pudding, 
Italian  Polenta,  Semolina  Soup,  Pastry.  Scones  and  Sweet  Cakes, 
and  Semolina  Cake,  with  economy  anti  taste,  together  with  the 
opinions  of  the  British  Medical  Joittnal,  Lancet,  &c.,  post- 
free  from  Messrs.  J  and  T.  MARSHALL,  Lilasgow  ;  and 
IS,  New  Broad  Street,  London,  E.C.  N.B.  Eyeiy  one  is  much 
pleased  with  this  liltle  work.  Send  your  address  (naming  this  publi- 
cation) bypostcardor  letter,  and  it  will  be  sent  you  free  of  charge. 

Works  for  tlie  Possessors  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  E.«iLEV,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "  How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c,,  &c.  Crown 
Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  4J.  6d. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Man.ngement  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  71. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.   By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  is. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
Ey  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

HOW     TO      GROW     ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Cultui=e. 
By  William  Eaislev.     Price  ts.  stitched. 
London:     BRADBURY,    AGNEW,   and    CO.,    Bonverie 
reet.  E.C. 


P)EVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
\  et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 12th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andr€,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Cr^pin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JongkindtConinck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  Svo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  : — One  year, 
14J. ,  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office ;  134,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payal  leto  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let, 

To  Florists. 

WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  who  fully  under- 
stands Growing  for  the  London  Market.— A.  B.,  163, 
Fore  Street,  Upper  Edmonton. 

ANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished  Wholesale    Corn,    Seed,    Manure,   and    Cake 
Business-South  of  England.-E.    SHERWOOD,  Esq.,    152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

General  Nursery  Assistant. 

WANTED,  an  intelligent,  active,  and  reliable 
MAN,  capable  of  giving  advice  on  Landscape  and 
Forestry  subjects.  Able  to  take  charge  of  Nursery  Correspond- 
ence, and  generally  Assist  in  the  Management  of  a  large 
Nursery  Business.  No  one  need  apply  who  has  not  already 
had  similar  expeiience. — .'\pplicants  to  s:ate  in  writing  their  ex- 
perience, age,  and  sa'ary  required,  to  LITTLE  AND  BALLAN- 
TYNE,  Knowcfield  Nurseries.  Carlisle. 

WANTED,   a   respectable    MAN,   age  not 
under  25  years,  who  understands  Ferns.     One  Guinea 
a  week.— GEORGE  CLARK,  Roehampton,  S.W. 

ANTED,    a    CLERK;  must    be   a   good 

Book-keeper,  truthful  and  reliable;  as  Ledger  Clerk.— 
Apply  with  lelerences  to  LITTLE  and  BALLaNTVNE, 
Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen,  Carlisle. 

WANTED,  for  the  Seed  Trade,  an  experi- 
enced Manas  SHOPM.\N— one  having  a  knowledge 
of  the  Implement  Trade  preferred.  State  experience,  age,  and 
salary  exuected  with  refeience  as  to  character,  &c.  — 
McHATITE  and  CO.,  Norihgate  Street,  Chester. 

ANTED,  a  JUNIOR  ASSISTANT,  for 

the  Counter  ;  prference  given  to  a  young  man  who  has 
just  completed  his  apprenticeship.  State  salary  expected. — GEO. 
COOLING  AND  SONS,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen,  Bath. 

To  Florists. 

WANTED,  a  LADY,  for  Flower  Stands  in 
Leeds  Market.  Mubt  be  a  good  Maker  cf  Wreaths 
Bouquets,  &c. — Address,  with  references  and  salary,  SHAW 
BROTHERS,  Market,  Leeds. 


October  i6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


5" 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscrihers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  importan'  in 
Remittine;  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  0/ a  Postal 
Order  is  knoivn,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. —  The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVPRTlSERS-—hi  viavy  instances 
Remitlances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advcrtiscmenti 
are  rtc'ived  without  name,  address,  or  anythino 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  idenlfy 
the  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  i\ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

Btj.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men.  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiiHna  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  'uli  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  wilt  he  made.— Hollowav.  N. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Dowme,  .Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCO  I'CH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engageraents.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  firsi-clasi  GARDENERS. 
FORESTER.';,  &c.,  wishuisensagement,  and  will  be  gl.d  to 
furnish  pmiculars  tn  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNLDY  AND  CO..  108   Hijh  Street,  Dum nes.  N.B. 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent  time  on  ihr^ir  List  Men  who=e  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  (rom  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.  -Ladies  aid  Gentlcmsn  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suted  with  rtliible  firsi-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm  CutbushJt  ^nn,  Hiehgale  Nurseries,  T.ondnn,N. 

O  1  C  H  A  K  D      SMITH     and     CO. 

-L  V  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  sitnations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  wiih 
pailiculars,  &c.  — St.  Jr.hn's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


M 


To  Gentlemen. 
ANAGER.— A  Gentleman    intending  to 

vest  Capiial  to  Gro*  Choice  Fruir,  Cut    Flowers.  &c  . 
ly   for    Market,    Advertiser,  thoroughly  experien:ed, 


GARDENER  (Head),  or  GENERAL 
MANAGER  ;  age  42.  married.— O.  H.  McCuLLoCH, 
for  the  last  five  and  a  hall  years  Head  Gardener  at  Powers- 
court,  is  at  liberty  to  treat  with  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  in 
want  of  the  above.  Leaving  present  situation  on  account  of 
reductions  being  made.  Thoroughly  practical  in  Gardening  in 
all  its  details.  Has  a  general  kro*ledge  of  Estate  M^nage- 
ment.  including  Farming.  Holder  of  several  Medals  for  Grape- 
Growing.  Lord  Powerscourt  will  be  pleased  to  recommend 
him,  and  to  whom  reference  is  kindly  allowed  to  be  made. — 
G.  H.  Mcculloch,  Powencourt  Gardens,  Eoniskeiry, 
Ireland. 


GARDENER(Head).— Good  Grower  Choice 
Fruit,  Flowers  and  Vegetables,  also  Early  and  Late 
Forcine.  Go  d  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and  industiy  — 
5,  Colnbro  ,k  Pl.ice,  Twickenham. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  y,  married  ; 
six  and  a  half  years'  reference  to  Lady  C.  G-trnier,  who 
is  giving  up  her  Garden.-JOHN  ARMSTRONG,  1  he  Her- 
mitage, Southgaie^ 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  34,  married,  no 
family — Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady, 
Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  io 
all  branches  of  gardening.  —  GEORGE  SHAWLEY,  The 
Gardens,  Hi^hliclds,  Thelwall,  Warrington. 

ARDENER   (He.\d)  ;   age    29.— R.    Hur- 

BAKD.  The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall,  K-ttering.  is  at 
liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
thoroughly  pracltcal  man.  Fifteen  yeais'  experience  in  large 
establishments  :  good  le'erences. 


(^ARDENER   (Head).  — Scotch  ;    has   had 

V-*  thirty  years'  pracliial  experience  in  all  branches.  An 
excellent  Grjpe,  Plant  and  Vegetable  Grower.  Excellent 
testimonials  and  refrrtences.— J.  G  ,  The  Cottage,  Melbjurne 
Nurs.;ry,  Anerley  Roan,  Anerlev.  S  E. 

in  ARDtNER  (He,«.d).— ;^lo  Bonus  will   be 

V^  paid  to  any  one  who  will  be  the  mean,  tf  procuring 
Adverii^er  a  good  Head  Gardener's  situation.  Thoroughly 
experienced  in  Forcmgand  Management  of  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Gardens.  Hijhest  testimonials.— J.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

r:j.ARD E N ER  (Head)  ;  age  35,  married,  no 

V--"  family.-A  Gentleman  is  desirous  of  recommending  his 
Gardener  and  Bailiff  to  anyone  requiring  a  thorough  practical 
man  :  good  Orchid  Grower.  Leaving  through  reduction  of  es- 
tablishment. Wife  manage  Dairy  or  Poultry  Good  per- 
sonal character.— HORTUS,  Smith's  Bookstall,  Watford. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  ail  branches.  Good 
Manager  ol  Men.  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  charge  of 
a  g.rud  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  iciommended.— 
GEORGE  MORRISS.  Ch.ipel   Square,    Krmbolton,  St.  Nets. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married  ;  practical  knowledge  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  Orchids,  Fruit,  Melons.  Cucumbers,  and  Kitchen  and 
Flower  Gardening.  Good  reletence.— H.  WOOD,  Bishopsteign- 
ton,  Teignmoutb, 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married,  one  child  ;  thorough,  good,  practical.  Well  up 
in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Fifteen  years'  good  experience 
in  first-class  places.  Excellent  testimonials  from  all  employers. 
—GARDENER,  6i,  Upper  Park  Road,  Hampstead,    London. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Middle- 
aged,  married,  one  child  ;  thoroughly  understands  Early 
and  Late  Forcing  cf  all  kuids  of  Fiuits,  Flowers.  Vegetables, 
Siove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden, 
Good  charscter.— A.  B.,  i8    Weiham  Street,  GrAmham. 

:j.ARDENER  (Head  Working),  in  a  good 

establishment,  where  the  duties  of  a  th  .rough  quahfied 

;  required.— Age  19  ;  sixteen  yea's'  good  practical  expe- 

Excehent  testimonials.— H.  WILKS,  Pendell  Court. 


G 


GARDENER.  —  Good    all-round    man    in 
every    branch.       Has    excellent    testimonials.— G.    E., 
May's,  159    Piccadilly,  Londr--    "' 


C:' ARDENER.— Some  time  chief  Foreman  in 
^  the  Dutre  r  f  Northumberland's  Gar.  ens.  and  other  good 
places.  Can  take  every  responsibility.— T.  G-,  sj,  Sainsbury 
Roid.Gip  y  Hill,  Lordon,  S.E. 

GARDENER. —  Fredericic  Geeson,  for 
ihe  past  nine  years  Garderrer  to  the  late  and  present 
Lord  Haldon,  is  ope  i  to  treat  with  any  Nobleman  or  Gentle- 
mai  requiting  a  Gardener.  Leaving  through  the  breaking  up 
of  the  establishment.  — F.  GEESfJN.  Haldon.  Exeter. 

Q  ARDENER.  — Age    32,    married,    two 

V^  children;  athoioughly  praclicil  man,  practised  in  gar- 
dening, &c.  :  among  other  places  Burghley,  Harewood,  Crox- 
telh,  and  at  Downside,  Leatherhead— among  the  Orchids. 
References  as  above.  The  chief  characteiistics  of  Mr.  Dulhle, 
the  m.an  in  questicn,  are  honesty,  sobriety,  and  ability. — 
R.  GILBERT,  Burghley,  Stamford. 

/':j.ARDENER  (good  plain  Single-handed). 

vJ  —Age  28,  single  at  present  :  good  character.— M  ROSE, 
62.  Carlton  Itreer,  Kentish  Town,  Loudon,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  where  there 
is  a  good    Kitchen  Gardea  and   Greer. house  or  two.— 
W.  LAMB.  Sir  H,  de  Bathe,  Hullaudslield.  Chichester. 


GARDENER  (Under  or  Single-handed). 
-Could  Milk  one  or  two  t:oivs  if  req  ured.  Cod 
character.  P.ease state  wages.— J  E  B..  Gar.ieneri  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Sireel,  Strand.  W  C. 


L^OREMAN  ;    age    25.  —  Mr.    W.    Basket, 

JL        Gardener    to    W.  J.   P.rhuer.    E-r,.,    Hillside,    Reading, 
will  be  pleased  to  recimmerid  his  laie  f-oreman  to  any  Gentle- 


Tj^OREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment,  where 

-*-  Early  and  Late  Fotcu.g  is  carried  out  with  spirit.— Age 
!5  :  can  be  uell  recommended  for  character  and  ability  — 
THOMAS  HARVfcV,  Newton  Nurseries,  Eastgate  Street 
Chesle.-.  ' 


To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN,  PROPAGATOR,  and 
GROWER.  —  Thoroughly  experienced  in  producing 
large  quantities  of  Cut  Flowers,  and  Pot  Plants  for  London 
Market  and  the  Trade.  Good  references. — W  ,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


XpOREMAN,  or  SECOND  GARDENER.— 

-L  Age  25  :  eleven  years'  experience,  eight  under  glass. 
Excellent  references.— W.  ADAMS,  30,  Milner  Street,  Acomb, 

Tj^OREMAN,  or  SECOND,  in  a  good  estab- 

-L  liihmeut.— Age  2i  ;  nine  years'  experience.  Good 
references.— J.  IDE,  Ihe  Gardens,  Effingham  House,  near 
Leaiherhead.  Surrey. 

Tj'^OREMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  24  ;  e.xpe- 

-L  rienced  in  Plant  Growing,  House  and  Table  Decorations. 
Two  years'  tefetenie  from  previous  emplo>er.— H.,  4,  tliza 
Terrace,  Albion  Road,  Twickennam. 

ROPAGATOR     (ASSISTANT).  —  Age     19; 

well  up  in  ail  kinds  ol  Gralting.  Good  references. -E. 
HAWTHOKN    Lodge  Cottage   Fern  Bank  Read,  AsC:  t.  Berks. 

OURNEYMAN(FIRST),  inagoodestablish- 

mem;  age  23— Mr.  Ford.  Gardener  to  H  R,  H.  the 
Duke  of  Edinburgh.  Eastwell  Park.  Ashford,  wi,hes  to  recom- 
mend a  youirg  man  as  above.- J.  EASTWELL,  Eastwell  Patk, 
Ashford,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First  or  good  Second). 

^  —Age  24  ;  nine  years'  experience  in  good  places.  Two 
years  tn  la.t  situa.ion.— GEO.  LILLEY,  Thorney,  near  Peter- 
boro',  Cambs. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in   the   Houses.— Age  22; 

*'  acquainted  with  Orchids  ;  g.jod  references  — fc,.  BYE 
Hawlev  Parscnage,  Blact water.  Hants. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.- 
Age  21  ;  three  and  a  hall  years  ia  present  situation.  Well 
recommended  by  present  employer.— I.  GREEN,  Eastwell 
Gaidens,  Ashlord,  Kent. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

'J  Age  23  ;  nine  years'  experience.  Can  be  well  recom- 
mended.—H,  CROOKS,  47,  Upper  Park  Road,  Hampstead, 
London,  N.W.  ■./         ci-  ,  v  , 


JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out;   age  21.— 

^  T.  HUTCHINS,  Gardener  to  E.  Chairington,  Esq.,  Bury's 
Court,  Reigate,  strongly  recommends  a  man  as  above.— The 
Gardens,  Bury's  Court,  Reigate. 


JOURNEYMAN,  Indoors,  in  a  good  estab- 

f"       hshment— Age  ai  ;  highly  recommend  d  ;  abo   excellent 


F.  CONN.  New 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.- 

*'      Age  21  ;  seven  years'  experience.     Two  years'  charac 
from  present  siiuatioa.      Boihy  prele 
Gardens.  Monkham^.  Wondlord,  Es: 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — 
Aee  21  ;  eighteen  months  in  present  situation.  Well 
recommended  by  present  and  previous  employers. — W.  SILK, 
Eastwell  Gardens,  Ashford,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or   SECOND,  in   a  good 

^      establishment. — Age  zi  ;    six  years'  experience. — B.  T. 
WOOD,  Bladon  Cistle,  Burlon-on-Trent. 


JMPROVER,   in   a    Gentleman's    Garden.— 

-L  Age  19  ;  anxious  to  learn  ;  knowledge  of  Vines,  Cucum- 
bers, and  Roses.  Good  references. -W.  BULL,  Earls  Croome, 
Worcester. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation 
by  a  young  man  (age  21),  to  Work  m  the  Houses,  in  a 
Market  Nursery,  under  the  Foreman.  Seven  years'  experience. 
Can  h.ive  goid  character  from  present  employer.  Total  ab- 
stainer-J.    WELLS,    Victotia    Nursery,   New  Humberstone, 


TO  NURSERYMEN.  — Advertiser  (age   23) 
seeks  a  siiutlion  in  a  Nursery.     Well  uo  in  Propagating 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young  man  (age 
24)  Seeks  a  situttion  in  a  Nursery  under  Glass.  Well 
experienced  in  Growing  for  Market.  Good  references.— A.  S., 
71,  Shakespeaie  Road,  Acton. 

'■pO  NURSERYMEN.— Well  up    in   general 

-1-      Indoor  Work.  Porting,  Watering,  &c.     Good  knowledge 


MANAGER,  TRAVELLER,  or  SHOP- 
MAN—Advertiser,  who  has  h.id  long  practical  tx- 
perience  in  the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Seed  and  Nursery  'I  rade, 
sc.lts  an  engagement  as  above.-  C.  T  ,  Gardeners'  Chronict 
Office.  41,  Weiliiigion  Street.  Strand,  W  C. 


JNVOICE  CLERK,  to  the  Nursery  and  Seed 

-L  Trade.— Young  man  expe.ienced  inOffi;e  Work;  sp-jaks 
and  writes  P  ench  Excel  ent  relerences.-IN  VOICE  CLERK 
G.irdeners'  Ch^cnich  Office.  41,  Wellrirgton  .^trest.  Sttanil,  W.t  > 

LERK,    or    SHOPMAN.— Age   23;    eight' 

years'  experience  with    Messrs.    Charles   Sharpe  &  Co.  ; 
good  refeiences.  -  )OHN  BATfERHAM.  Sleaford,  Liics. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,     CLERK,    or    otherwise.— 
Sixteen   years'   exoeri-nce    in    oresent    situation.      Good 
references.— A.  W.,  Messrs.  Dickie.  Koiilds  &  Co.,  Kilmarnock. 


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  COUNTERMAN,  or  WARE- 
HOUSEMAN.—Twenty  years'  experience;  conversant 
with  all  depirments  of  the  Trade  both  Wholesa  e  and  Relail. 
G.jod  knowledge  of  Nursery  Stock.  Relerence;.- H.  M.,  86, 
Oiphant  Sireet.  (Jjeen's  Patk.  London,  W. 

HOPMAN^      or      WAREHOUSE     MAN- 

AGER.  — Eighteen  years' experience  in  all  branches  of  the 
Trade  in  some  o'  the  leading  Scotch  and  English  Hou  e-.  First- 
cass  testim  .nials  and  highest  references— X  ,  Cardiiie'S 
Chronicle  Offi:e.  41.  Wellrngton  Street.  S  rand.  W.C. 

tJHOPMAN.- Has  good  knowledge  of  Seed 

O     Trade,  ai.d  also  cf  Trees  and   Plants  ;    and    can    make 
Wreaths.  Crosses,  &c.— C.  D.  M.,  3,  Oakfield  Road,  Croydon. 

SHOPMAN.  —  Several  years'  experience. 
Knows  the  business  thoroughly  in  all  irs  departments  — 
Seeds,  Bulbs,  Tools.  Sundries.  Fair  knowledge  of  Nursery 
Stock.— HORTUS,  16,  Elrngrove  Place,  Glasgow. 

To  Seedsmen. 

SHOPMAN  (Second    or  Assistant). — 
Age  26  ;  six  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of  the 
Seed  Trade.    Good  testimonials.  -A.  SWAIN,  Norton,  Mallon. 

Seed  Trade. 
HOPMAN,    or    ASSlsSTANT.— Age    26   ; 

with  thorough  knowledge  of  Seed   Trade  and  branches  ; 
be  well  recommended.— W.    B..    Lamoureux  &  Co.,   Ply- 


s 


To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Seven  years' 
experience.  Thorough  knowledge  of  Setd  Trade  aid 
Branches.  Good  B jbk-keeper.  Well  recommended.— I.  SIM, 
High  Sireet,  Melrose. 

Seed  Trade. 
ji^HOPMAN,    or  ASSISTANT.  —  Age   25; 

years'  experience  _  In   all    departments;    at    present 


To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (ASSISTANT). — Age  20  ;  six 
years' experience.  Well  acquainted  with  all  departments 
of  the  business.— G.  H.,  Messrs.  EDMONDSON  BROS,, 
to.  Dame  Street,  Dublin. 


HOLLOWAY'3  PILLS.— The  Great  Need. 
—The  blood  is  the  Hfe,  and  on  its  purity  depends  our 
heahh.  if  not  our  existence.  'I  hese  Pillslhoroughly  cleanse  this 
vital  fluid  irom  all  contaminations,  and  by  that  power  strengthen 
and  invigorate  the  whole  system,  healthily  stimulate  sluggish 
organs,  repress  over-excited  action,  and  estab!ish  order  of  circu- 
throughout  every  part  of  the  bcdy.     The 


They  dislodge  all  obstructions,  both  in  the  bowels 
elsewhere,  and  are,  on  that  account,  much  sought  after  for  promot- 
ing regularityof  action  in  young  females  and  delicate  persons  who 


512 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  i6,  1886. 


FOSTER     &     PEARSON, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERS, 

BEESTON,    NOTTS. 


THE       BEST      BOILEK      EOE      GliEIi^NHOUSES 


WHAT    THE    NURSERYMEN    SAY  :- 


From  Messrs.  J.  B.  PEARSON  &  SONS,  ChilwellNurs-ries,  Notts. 

"The  'Chilwell  Bailer"  has  given  us  unqu.iiiifd  satisfaction  from  the  first, 
being  the  most  powerful  and  economical  we  have  yet  tried.  The  draught  is  so  good 
that  we  can  burn  any  kind  ot  fuel,  and  get  up  the  heat  in  l^^ss  time  than  with  any 
other  boiler,  while  it  is  at  the  same  time  under  perfect  control." 

From  Mr.  EDWIN  COOLING,  Mile  Ash  Nurseries.  Derby, 

"  I  am  very  pleased  with  the  new  Boiler.  It  does  its  work  admirably,  and  heats 
the  water  in  less  time  than  any  boiler  I  have  ever  had.  Your  boiler  is  doing  the  work 
of  ftn  fires,  and  doing  it  much  better,  with  less  than  a  quarter  of  the  labour  in 
stoking.      It  has  been  severely  tested  during  the  late  hard  weather,   and  proved 


mannge,    quick  in  its   action, 
heating  ^loofeet  of  ^-inch  p>pe. 


quite  equal  to  its  work.      We  find  it  easy  to 
very  economical." 

N.D.  —  Thh  is  a  i2-Av/  BoH, 

From  Messrs.  W.  BARRON  &  SON,  Elv.iston  Nurseiies.  Deiby. 

"  The  i2-fect  Chilwell  Nurseries  Boiler  is  very  salisfictoiy.  Ii  heats  seven  houses, 
containing  3000  feet  of  pipe,  which  formerly  required  three  boilers,  thus  effecting  a 
considerable  saving  in  labour  and  fuel.  The  water  heats  and  circulates  much  more 
quickly  than  from  a  saddle  boiler,  and  the  fire  can  be  banked  and  left  lor  hours  with- 
out further  attention.  During  the  late  severe  weather  we  have  never  touched  the  fire 
between  10  p.m.  and  6  a.m." 


UJ 


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SPAN  FRAME  on  Iron  Standards,  6  or  8  feet  wide. 


The  "LIVERPOOL"  BOILER. 


Editorial  CommoTiications  should  be  addre«;ed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
.  r."?"'™  by_WiLLiAM  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnkw.  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  Citv  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  the 
*.he  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County,- Saturday.  October  16,  1886.  Agent  lor  Manchester— Iohn  Hevwood. 


aid  William  R 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatltsfjeti  1841. 


No.  669.— Vol.  XXVI.  {series.}    SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  23,  1886.         -|, 


General  ?     Price  5d. 

wspaper.  j"posT-FREE,    sJif. 


CONTENTS. 


After  the  fight      .. 
Aji-Aji,    the    Pepper     of 

Peppers 

Alpine  plants       .. 
Apiary,  the 
Apples^  heavy 
Bees  and  colour  .. 
Begonias       at       Messrs. 

„     double        tuberous- 
rooted     . . 
Books,  notices  of; — 
Construction  of  Silos  . . 
Law  of  Allotments 
School  of  Forest  Engi- 

Broccoli 524 

Campanula  perslcifolia  . . 
Canadian  fruit  at    South 

Kensington       .. 
Cattleya  calummataX    .. 
Cedars  at  Bayfordbury  . . 
Chrysanthemum       show, 
Exchangi 


517  I  Gardenias 

Grapes  from  Hungary  . . 
532         M     grafted 
520  !  Habenaria  militaris 
531  ;  Honey  under  the  micro- 
534  !      scope      

534  I  Insect     pests     of     Tea, 
I      Coffee,  and  Cmchona. . 

535  Ivy  in  Guernsey,  the     . . 
i  Kitchen  garden,  the 

535  1  Manures 

j  Market    plants  :     Cama- 


Chusquea  abietifolia 
Codlin  moth,  the 
Colonial  Exhibition 
Corylus,  malformed 
Daffodil  seed 
Evergreens,  pruning 
Figs 

Flower  garden,  the 
Fruit  register 
Fruits  under  g'ass 


Obituary : — 

Bradley,  Mr 

Stenger,  Mrs.   .. 
Stevens,  Mr.  Z, 
528    Orchidantha  bomeensis.. 
,  Orchid  houses,  the 

530  ,  Orchid   notes  and  glean- 

524  I      ings         

520  I  Orchids  at  St.  Albans     . , 

I  Paris,  hailstorm  near 

531  1  Pear     Conference    Com- 


iittee 


533  Pears,  artificially  ripened 

530  Pelargoniums,  Ivy-leavei 

531  Plants  and  their  culture  . 
535  Roots  

534  Rosery,  the 
528  Singapore  .. 

526  Solanum  capsicastrum   ,. 
533  Strawberry,  the  ..  .. 

527  Tobacco     


ILLUSTItATIONS. 

Broccoli       ..         :  

Campanula  persicifolia    . . 

Cattleya  calummatax 

Cedars  at  Bayfordbury   .. 
Honey  under  the  Microscope    .. 


SUBSCBIBEBS     TO 
'THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 
•who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    re^larly,    are   particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEQBAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.  The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 

"■GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 


"THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  tor  America  :— C.  H.  MAROT,  814.  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 

OYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 

South  Kensington.  S.W. 

NOTICE!  —  COMMlTfEE  MEETINC;.  Fruit  and 
Floral,  at  11  A.M.,  in  the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
October  26.  and  WEDNESDAY.  October  27. 

SHOWofCHRYSANlHEMUMS,  VEGETABLES,  &c. 

N.B.  Open  to  Fellows  at  12  o'Clock  on  Tuesday,  and  the 
Public  at  I  o'clock  :  on  Wednesday  at  10  o'Cljck  a  m. 

R    Y     S     T    A     L         PALACE. 

ANNUAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOW. 

NOVEMBER  5  and  6. 

For    Schedules,    &c.,    apply    to 

Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Superintendent,  Crystal  Palace,  S.E. 

BATH    CHRYSANTHEMUM      SHOW, 
NOVEMBER  10  and   11,   1886.     For  Prize  Schedules 
'^''4yM■lsom  Street,  Bath.      ^ENJ.  PEARSON,  Secretery, 

CH  R  Y  S  A  N  T  H  E  M  U  M       SHOW, 
YORK,  1886.— Held  in  the  Fine  Art  Exhibition  Building 
on  NOVEMBER  17.  18,  and  19.      Liberal  Prizes  for  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vegetables.     Schedules  to  be  obuined  of 
J.  LAZENBV,  Spuiriergate,  York. 

HEFFIELD    and     WEST     RIDING 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY 

The  SECOND  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  wUI  be  held  in 

the  Sheffield  Corn  Exchange  on  FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY, 

November    19  and    20.      Liberal  Prizes  in  the  Open  Classes. 

Schedules  and  further  particulars  of 

W.  K.  WOODCOCK,  The  Gardens,  Oakbrook,  Sheffield. 


20,000  Azalea  Indlca. 

AUG.  VAN  GEEKT,  Continental  Nurseries, 
Ghent,  offers  the  above,  in  compact  heads,  short  stems, 
free-fljwering  sorts,  at  low  prices  to  clenr. — Particulars  and 
CATALOGUES  free  on  application  to  WILLI  AM  DENMAN, 
Salesman  and  Horticultural  Agent,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

DOUBLE  WHITE  PRIMULA,  grown 
especially  for  winter  blooming,  extra  strong  plants,  in 
S-inch  pots,  121.  per  dozen,  75J.  per  100;  EUCHARIS  AMA- 
ZONICA,  blooming  bulbs  in  5-inch  pots,  I2r.  per  dozen,  755. 
per  100;  EUCHARIS  CANDIDA,  3  blooming  bulbs  in 
S-inch  pots,  5or.  per  ico  bulbs.     Cash  with  order  to 

TURNER    BROS.,    Nurseiymen  and  Florists,  Green  Hill 
Nursery,  Allerton,  Liverpool. 


Roses— Roses  -  Roaea. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Co*an),  Limited,  have  a  Urge  and  fine  stock 
of  TEA  and  other  ROSLS  in  all  the  leading  varieties;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  MARECHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON, 
and  other  CLIMBING  ROSES  m  pou.  Circular  with  prices 
00  application. 

The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varieties.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  pots,  15J.  to  36r. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  00  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nuiserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

Tliere  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-jr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  31.   each. 

the 


F 


OR     SALE,    3000    or    4000    extra    strong 

Cuttings  of  broad-ltal  Green  EUONYMUS 
FLORIST,    32,    Selden    Road,    Worthing,     Sussex. 


Novelty— Novelty-Novelty. 

SPIRAEA    PALMAIA     ALBA  (awarded    a 
First-class  Certificate  in   London  on  June  17.  18,^3);  5J. 
each,  3JJ.  td.  per  10.     Carriage  paid  and  packing  free. 

A.  M.  C.  JONGKINDT-CONINCK,  Dedemsvaart,  Z*olIe, 
Netherlands. 


/.^.RAPE    VINES.— Our   stock   of    Vines    is 

vT     in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.     A   LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  foiwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway.  London,  N. 

Grape  Vlnea  and  Strawberries  (in  pota). 

FRANCIS   R.    KINGHORN  ofifers  very  fine 
Stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

Sheen  Nurseries.  Richmond,  Surrey. 

ASPBERRY    CANES    to     SELL.  —  The 

famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Lan4  E.Tp-eit—hv9\i  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks.  Kent. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS. 

Price  3 J.   per   ico,    tar.    bd.  per  500,  20J.    per  iQXi. 
Fiom  leading  varieties.     LIST  on  application. 
Sample  of  Plants,  post-free,  yi. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

SEAKALE  for  Forcing,  superior  selected 
Crowns,  9  jr.  per  1000  ;  under  500.  lor.  per  100.  Orders 
to  be  accompanied  by  cheque  or  Post-office  Order  — ALFRED 
ATWOOD,  Grower,  51,  bhdhngton  Street,  Batlersea,  S.W. 

IMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 
Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT 
full  of  Pu'e  Bracken  fibre  : 
also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 
Quolaii>  n  with  sample  on  application  to 
THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION. 
10,  Cullum  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Important  to  Sendera. 

EUCHARIS,      STEPHANOTIS,      TUBE- 
ROSES, ROiES.  and  other  CHOICE  CUT  FLOWERS, 
are  now  In  demand. 
WISEandRIDE 
den,  London,  W  C. 

ILLIAM     DENMAN,    Salesman    and 

HOKTICULTIIRAI,  Agsnt,  Covcut  Garden,  W.C,  has 
commenced  the  Autumn  Sta^on  for  the  SALE  of  CHOICE 
CUT  FLOWERS,  &c 

CAMELLIAS,     EUCHARIS,      CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 
CALLAS,  &c.,  can  be  taken  in  large  quantities. 


Floral  Commlsalon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN. 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  arc  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 

"Xl/' ANTED,    500  good  well-grown  Plants  of 

'  »        IVIES,     in    pots,     between     3  and  4  feet.        Write, 
stating  price  (delivered  to  Eltham  Railway  Station)  to 
J.  S.,  27,  Rojal  Exchange,  E.C. 


Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (Esiabliihed  1785). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  '  Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited),"  these  Old-established 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2.  i886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acie,  Hereford.— October  i,  1886. 

Juat  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85  ;  con- 
taining all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  ofienng  great 
advantages  to  the  puichaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    CO.MPANY,     Lion    Walk, 
Colchester. 


E 


Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 
VERGREENS. 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

LI LY  OF  THE  VALLEY.— Genuine  Berlin 
forcing  kind      Write  lor  lowest  Trade  price  to 
H.     DAMMANN,     Jin,      B.eilau.      Germany. 

PRIMULA  (Double  White),   strong  stuff,    in 
S  and   b-inch  pots,    lor   bd.  per  dozen.        EUCHARIS 
AMAZONIC.A,  established  in  7  aud  8-iuch  potf ,  21.  W.  each. 
Terms,  cash  with  order. 
E  J  JAKMAN,  The  PeopIe'sSeedsman,  Chard.  Somersetshire. 

GARDENIAS,  Winter-floweHns  HEATHS^ 
CAMELLIAS,     AZALEAS.    BOUVrtRDIAS,    CAR- 
NATIONS,  PALMS,  FERNS,  FICUS,  DRACVENAS,  and 
others.     Thousands  of  fine  healthy  plants  to  s-^lect  Irom. 
Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 
JOHN    STANDISH    and    CO.,    Royal    Nurseries,    Ascot. 

EUCHARIS  AMAZONICAT— 

1000  fine  strong  Bulb',  plantel-out  in  a  bed,  clean  and 
healthy.     If  taken  in  one  lot  wiil  be  sold  for  (>d.  each. 

Apply,  H.  HARVEY,  Woolley  Park,  Wantage,  Berks. 

ESSRS.    FRED.    HORSMAN  AND  CO^ 

Obchid  Importers.  Colchester,    beg  to  announce  that 
their  new  interleaved   CAI'ALO.UE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMaN  and  CO  ,  Co'chester. 

ESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE.  —  Roses, 

Fruit  Trees,  Rhodciendrons,  Conifers.  Decidu>iL 
Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbing  Plants  for  walls. 
Forest  Trees,  Azaleas  Camellias.  &c.  Free  on  applicatioi 
H.  LANE  AND  SON,  The  Nurseries.  Berkhamsted.  H. 


M 


FOR  SALE,  through  want  of  room,  4  large 
LATANIA    BORBONICA:  good    plar,ts,    in   excellent 
health,  7  to  9  feet  through.     Price  the  four.  .£5. 

R.  GREENFIELD,  Priory  Gardens,  Warwick. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  i2r.  to  24J.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.  — RICHARD  SMITH  AND 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

TREE  CARNATIONS,  fine  plants,  twelve 
best  sorts,  25J.  per  100  ;  best  named  SHOW  CARNA- 
TIONS and  PICOfEES,  3or  per  100  ;  fine  B  IRDER  CAR- 
NATIONS, 15s. per  100:  INDIARUBBER  PLANTS,  strong. 
50J.  per  100  — W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

ILY    OF    THE    VALLEY'.— First    quality 

of  true  Berlin  variety  for  early  forcing,  at  331.  per  1000. 
By  larger  quantities  special  price.  A  liberal  discount  for  cash 
allowed.     Samples  sent  free  of  charge. 

H.  GUMTAU  AND  CO..  14,  Victoria  Road.  Putney.  S.W. 


Grape  Vines, 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  have  this  season  a  splendid 
Slock  of  GRaPF-  vines,  clean,  robust,  and  healthy.  Intend- 
ing  purchasers  are  requested  to  come  and  see  them  during  [he 
growing  season.  Planting  Canes,  5J.  and  7^.  dd.  each  ;  Fruiting 
Canes,  loj.  dd.  and  12.1.  td.  each. 

The  Vineyard.  Garston,  Liverpool. 


JERSEY    PEARS.— Chaumontels,    Doyennt: 
da  Comice,    Beurre    Diel,  ard  other  sorts   of  ihe  finest 
description  for  Show  or  Dessert.     Price.  &c  , 

H.  ELLIOTT,  Springfield  Nursery,  Jersey. 


DOUBLE    TUBEROSES.— Extra    fine. 
MORLE  AND  CO.  offer  the  above  cheaper  than  any  House 
in  the  Trade      The  principal   Covent  Garden  Market  growers 
purchase    regularly  of  us,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  quality 
For  price  per  loo,  tcoo.  or  5000,  write  for  Special  LIST. 
I  and  2,  and  162,   Fenchuich  Street,  E.C. 


ONE  THOUSAND  ONE  HUNDRED  anci 
FIFTY  Choice  FLOWER  ROOTS  for  One  Guinea, 
carriage  paid  to  any  address.  For  contents  see  Bulb  CATA- 
LOGUE Irom 

MORLE    AND   CO.,  Who'esale   and   Retail    Seedsmen  and 
Bulb  Importers,  1  and  2,  and  162.  Fenchurch  Street.  EC. 


DUTCH  and  other  FLOWER  ROOTS.— 
MORLE  ANn  CO  'S  Choice  BULBS  gaired  ist  and  2d 
piizes  last  season  in  comepetiiion  with  others  cos  ing  double  the 
money  Ever>  thing  best  quality,  at  lowest  piices.  See  CATA- 
LOGUE, 'ree.-i  and  2,  and  i6i,  Fenchurch  Street,  EC. 


514 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[October  23,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Bulbs-BulbB-Bulba. 

MR.     T.    C.    STEVENS     will     SELL    by 
AUCTION,   at    his    Great    Rooms  38.    King    Slreet, 

Covent  Garden,    W.C.,  "  ""  ' " 

and   SATURDAY,   first 
to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next-(Sale  No.  7251.) 
DUTCH    liULBS   and   PLANTS-EXTRA  SALE. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  \V,C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  October  26,  at  Half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  several  hundred  lots  of  first-class 
DUTCH  BULBS  in  lots  to  suit  large  and  small  buyers.  A 
consignment  of  RHODODENDRONS,  CUPRESSUS, 
THUIAS,  HOLLIES,  ROSES,  SPIK/EAS,  and  other 
PLANTS  from  Holland.  Also  1003  fine  roots  of  HELLE- 
BORUS  NIGER,  CHIONODOXA  LUCILLE  and  C. 
SARDENSIS,  GALANTHUS,  &c.,  from  Germany. 
On  view  morning  of  Sate  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7252 ) 
A     COLLECTION     of     STOVE     and     GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS,  the  property  of  a  Gentleman,  including  Palms 
of  sorts.  Dracsenas,  Adiantums,  and  other  Ferns,  Begonias, 
Gloxinias,  Cyclamen,  &c. 

MK.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms. 
38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXl,  October  27. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thiiraday  NeEt.-(Sale  No.  7253.) 
CATTLEYA    ELDORADO   ALBA,  in  flower;   C.   SCHIL- 
LERIANA,    ZYGOPETALUM      MAXILLARE    (very 
dark  lip),  3  ca>es  of  ORCHIDS,  received  direct  from  the 
United  Slates  of  Colombia,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Grjat  Rooms,  38, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
October  28. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7253 ) 
SPATHOGLOTTIS  ANGUSTORUM,  splerd.d  plant,  in 
flower;  CYPRIPEDIU.M  GODEFROY-E.  l.trge  speci- 
men with  over  twenty  growths,  in  flswer.  with  very  broad 
leaves,  and  .an  extra  variety;  ONCIDIUM  PHAL.E- 
NOPSIS,  strong  plant,  in  flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  28, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  a 
fine  healthy  lot  of  Imported  and  Established  ORCHIDS,  con- 
sisting of  the  above  and  following,  all  in  extra  condition  ;  - 
Phalaenopsis  antennifera,  in  flower  ;  Cattleya  supetba  splendens, 
L^lia  Perrinni,  fine  var.  ;  the  new  and  rare  Oncidium 
Hubschii,  large  masses  of  Epidendrum  raniferura,  fine  estab- 
lished plants  of  the  pretty  Co;logyne  Rucketii,  Trichopilia 
marginata  (rare),  and  many  other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  h.id. 

MUford  Nurseries,  near  Godalmlng.  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT  FOUR  DAYS'  SALE  of  FIRST-CLASS 

NURSERY  STOCK. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  Maurice  Yoimg.  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
01  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  November  9,  ro,  it,  and  12,  at 
1  2  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  beautifully  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for  removal,  including  about  .— 
3000  mixed  EVERGREENS  and  CONIFERS  in    Borders; 

500  Yews,  4  to  6  feet  ;  500  Aucubas,  2  to  3  feet ;  500  Thuia 

Lobbii,  2  to  4  feet  ;  Silver  Firs,  Cedrus  Deodara,  &c  ,  6  to 

12  feet. 
3000  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA,  3  to  5  feet  :  5C0  Cupres- 

sus  Lawsoniana  lutea,   300  gracilis  and  others,  i^  to  2j^ 

feet ;  500  Abies  Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet ;  and  300  Golden  Irish 

Yew,  2  to  3  feet. 
6000   RETINOSPORA   PLUMOSA   AUREA,  and    FLAV- 

ESCENS.  1%  to  2M  feet,  suitable  for  pots, 
icoo  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN   BOX.  2  to  3  feet  :  4000 

St.  John's  Woit,  20M  Berberis  aquifolium,  iK  to  2  feet. 
2000  LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  bushy,  4  to  5  (set ;  and 

5000  Evergreen  Privet,  2  to  4  feet  ;  3CC0  Purple  Lilac,  2  to 

4  feet  :  and  icoo  other  Flowering  Shrubs. 
10.000  LAURELS  of  sorts,  iji  to  2K  feet. 
Com  choice  named  Hybrid  and  other  RHODODENDRONS, 

Clematis,  and  other  climbers.  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses. 
50  specimen  Young's  Golden  Chinese  JUNIPER,  4  to  7  feet. 
59CO  SPRUCE   FIRS.  2  10  4  feet,  suitable  for  Christmas  Trees. 
75.O30  transplanted  QUICK, 
lo.oco  ORNAMENTAL  and   FOREST  TREES   consisting 

of  Sycamore,    Norway   Maple,  Black  Italian.  Ontaiio  and 

Abele  Poplars,  Laburnums,  &c. ,  5  to  10  feet,  &c. 
May  be  viewed  a  week  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had 
on  the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  I.  C.  STEVENS,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

N.B.— The  Nurseries  are  situated  K  of  a  mile  from  Milford 
Station,  and  one  mile  from  the  new  Godalming  Station,  on  the 
direct  Portsmouth  line. 

Special  Sale  of  Orctiids  In  Flower  and  Bud. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce 
that  his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and 
Bud,  will  lake  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  November  18,  and  he 
will  be  ghd  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  Entering  Plants  for  this 
Sale,  will  please  send  particulars  as  soon  as  possible^ ^ 

Seaford,  Sussex. 

To  the  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  Others  engaged  in  Planting. 
IMPORTANT  SALE  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising 
about  60  000  Euonymus,  large  numbers  of  Anemones, 
Privet,  Virginian  Creepers,  Honeysuckles,  Lllium  can- 
didum,  Carnations,  Thuias,  Ivies,  Pyrtthrums,  Veronicas, 
Cupressus,  Sjtinga.  Jasmine,  Tamarisk.  Cuptessus  Law- 
soniana erecia  vuidis.  Lilacs,  Ribes,  Lavender  Co'.ton, 
Helleboriis,  &c.  ;  also  a  few  Rhubarb  and  Artichokes, 
Violas,  Passion  Flower,  Pansies,  &c. 

ESSRS.      SOUTHERDEN,      MORRIS 

D    BURTENSHAW    have    been    favoured    with 

from  Robert  Lambe,  E;q  ,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION 

01  the  Ground  known  as  Thomas'  Nursery,  East  Blatchington, 
Seaford,  on  FRIDAY,  November  5.  at  11  o'Clock  precisely, 
the  whole  of  the  wsll-grown  Nurseryman's  Stock  as  above.  _ 

The  whole  may  be  viewed  on  application  on  the  day  previous 
to  Sale.  Catalogues  are  being  prepared,  and  may  be  obtained 
of  the  Auctioneers,  at  Hailsham  and  Lewes. 


M 


Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 

Largely  engaged  in  Planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  call  the  attention  of  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 
who  intend  planting  largely  during  the  season  to  their  numerous 
SALES  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  are  continually  being 
held.  Announcements  appear  in  this  Paper  every  week,  and 
the  Auctioneers  will  be  pleased  to  forward  CATALOGUES  on 
apiilication  to  their  Offices. 

Central  Auction    Rooms  and    Estate   Offices,    67    and    63, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C  ,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'Clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS,  NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next. 
SPECIAL  SALE  tf  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
October  26.  at    half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,    a  choice  assort- 


Floiv 


■  Bud,  from  \ 


;  Maulei 


Cypripediur 
Dendrochilum  Cobbianum 
Odontoglossunr  Insleayi  splen- 


ol  ORCHIDS 
including  the  followi; 
Co:logyne  ocelata 
Vanda  ca:rulea 
Cypripedium      Spi 

,,     Seleni  su 

,,     seIHgerun 

ONCIDIUMS,   ODONTOGLOSSUMS,   CATPLEYAS, 

L^LIAS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next.— Important  to  the  Trade. 

CAMELLIAS  of  sorts,  9^0  AZALEA  INDICA,  FICUS, 
PALMS,  DRACAENAS,  and  other  PLANTS  from  Bel- 
gium; ROSES  in  Pots,  a  choice  assortment  of  HARDY 
BULBS,  LILIUM  AURATUM.  DUTCH  BULK?  in 
variety,  10.0=0  Double  African  TUBEROSES,  DAFFO- 
DILS, and  splendid  Bulbs  of  English-grown  LILIES  in 

M'^ESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  theabove  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and 
68.  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  October  27, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  CALLOSUM.CYRTOPERAREGNIERI, 
AERIDES  GODEFROYANUM,  and  other  rare  OR- 
CHIDS from  the  Continent. 

.00  Lots  of  ESTABLISHED  and  SEMI-ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS  from  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company,  all 
growing  freely,  many  well-rooted  and  sheathed,  and  for 
Sale  without  reserve.  AUo  a  grand  importation  of  their 
new  Cattleya,  very  distinct  and  floriferous,  comprising 
about  700  plants  in  fine  condition,  mostly  with  unstarted 
eyes.     Ihe  whole  importation  is  otFered. 

Imported  ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRISPUM,  OMCIDIUM 
PAPILIO  MAJUS,&c.,alsogoodheallhyestabli»hed  plants 
of  ODONTOGLOSSUMS,  ONCIDIUMS,  MASDEVAL- 
LIAS,  White  L^LIA  ANCEPS,  &c.-Messrs.  Shuttle- 
worth,  Carder  &  Co. 

Also  a  quantity  of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  from  another 
collection. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at   their   Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and    68,    Cheapside,  London,    E.C,  on   FRI- 
DAY NEXT,  October  29.  at  ha'f-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 
On  view  niori  ing  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


■WoWng,  Surrey. -Without   Reserve. 
THREE  D.AYS'  SALE  of  unusually  well  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK.       IMPORTANT  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 
largely  engaged  in  Planting.  1 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs  H.  &  C  Cobbett  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Horsell  Nurseries,  Woking 
(fifteen  minutes'  walk  from  the  Woking  Station),  on  TUES- 
D.AV  October  26,  and  two  following  days,  at  12  o'Clock 
precisely  each  day.  several  acres  of  unusually  well  grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has  been  carefully  prepared  for 
removal,  consisting  of  8coj  Rhododendrons,  i6;o  Spruce  Firs, 
2500  Roses.  4000  Green  and  Variegated  Hollie=,  2000  Common 
and  Portugal  Laurels,  90D0  Oval-leaved  Privet,  9000  Picius 
austriaca,  2C03  Poplars,  of  sorts,  and  other  Standard  Orna- 
mental Trees  ;  8030  FruitiTrees,  including  Standard,  Pyramid, 
and  Dwarf  trained  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  &c.  ;  23,0:0  Mussil 
Plum  Stocks,  47,000  Scotch  Firs,  30,000  Manetti  Stocks,  and 
other  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Haropton,  Middlesex. 

SPECIAL  TRADE  SALE  of  clean  grown  FRUIT  TREES. 

Imooitant  to  the  Trade.     Fruit  Growers  and  Gentlemen 

requiring  really  First-cliss  Trees. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Will  Tayler,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex 
(about  a  mile  from  Hampton  or  Fulwell  Stations),  on  MON- 
DAY, November  i,  at  i!  o'Clock  precisely  ;— 


ledPeache 


xceedingly 


Standard  Plums. 
,,    Damsons. 

Pyramid  Fruit  Tr 
Vines  in  pots. 


Pear! 


600  ditto  Apples  and  Aptic 
2000  Standard  Cherries. 

1500  Maiden  Victoria  Plum,.  . 

3000  ASPARAGUS  and  SEAKALE    for  forcing 

leaved  PRIVET,  THUIA  LOBBII,  &c. 

The  Fruit  Trees  are  particularly  clean 

the  sale  offers  an  opportunity  to  Gentlen 

acquiring  Trees  of  the  very  best  quality. 

Now  on  view.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises 

the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.t.. 


Groomhrldge,  near  Tunbrldge  Wells. 

Hollainby's  Nursesies. 
GREAT   UNRESERVED   SALE   of  Valuable  NURSERY 
STOCK,  all  recently  transplanted,   and  now  in  splendid 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Edwin  Hollamby  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  00  the  Premises,  as  above  (clo.e  to  the  Groom- 
bridge  Sution),  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY.  Novem- 
ber  2  and  3,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  dav.  a  large  quantity 
of  unusually  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK.  Amongst  the 
items  may  be  mentioned  enormous  quantities  of  Conifers, 
24,000  Cupressus  Lawsonii.  Piceas,  Abies,  2000  Circassian  and 
other  Laurels,  i8oo  Abies  Wienzcesii.  1500  excellent  Thuia  Lob- 
bii, 8;o named  and  other  Rhododendrons,  23Co  Standard,  Dwarf, 
and  Climbing  Roses,  2200  Veronica  Traversii,  2000  Hardy 
Climbers,  and  other  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises 
or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside 
London,  E.C. 

Tottenham. 

IMPORTANT  ANNUAL  SALE  of  unusually  well-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK  and  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS, 
for  which  this  establishment  is  so  celebrated. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instruzted  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Hale  Farm  Nurseries.  Tot- 
tenham (adjoining  the  Tottenham  Hale  Station),  on  TUESDAY, 
November  2,  at  12  oClock,  to  the  minute,  in  consequence  of 
the  large  number  of  lots,  a  iar^e  quantity  of  be.mtifuily-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  compii^ing  5000  splendid  Dwarf  Roses 
of  the  best  sons,  70C0  fine  bushy  oval-leaved  Privet,  5002  Orna- 
mental Shiub>,  3C00  Standard  Ornamental  Trees,  including 
Poplars  and  Limes,  with  clean  stems  and  good  htads  ,  Sooo 
Hardy  Climbers  in  pots,  50C0  Border  and  other  Carnations, 
including  the  latest  new  varieties;  50,000  exceptionally  strong 
forcing  Seakale,  1000  of  the  pure  white  hardy  Passifljra  Cor.- 
stance  Eiiott.  2000  large  clumps  home-grown  Christmas  Rose?, 
2003  Spiraea  japonica,  fine  clumps;  10,000  crowns  and  clumps 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  2000  red  and  black  Currants,  1000  seedling 
Hollyhocks  of  a  splendid  strain,  2000  hardy  Lilies,  and  large 
quantities  of  various  Hardy  Plants  and  Bulbs,  for  the  growth  of 
which  Mr.  Ware  has  gained  so  great  a  reputation. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  EC. 

Anerley,  S.E ,  near  the  Station. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS  and  other  Stock. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  D.  G.  McKay,  who  is  relinquish 
ing  the  Nursery,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises 
The  Melbourne  Nursery,  Anerley,  on  WEDNESD.W,  No 
vember  3,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  GREEN 
HOUSE  PLANTS,  consisting  of  aoao  Chrysanthemums,  400 
Palms  of  sorts,  700  Feins.  Eucharis.  large  Camellias,  Azaleas 
and  Palms.  Tea  Roses,  Shrubi  in  variet.  Vines,  Climbers,  Shop 
Fittings,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  63.  Chenpside.  EC, 


uid    the 


Sutton,  Surrey. 
POSTPONEMENT  of  SALE  to  THURSDAY,  November  4. 
One  day  instead  of  two  as  previously  advertised,  to  com- 
mence punctually  at  11  o^CIock,  in  consequence  of  the  large 
number  of  lots.  By  order  of  the  Administratrix  of  the  late 
Mr.  Henry  Potter. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  premises,  The 
Nursery,  Thicket  and  Lower  Roads,  Sutton.  Surrey,  a  few 
minutes'  walk  from  Sutton  Station,  on  THURSDAY,  Novem- 
ber 4,  at  II  o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  remarkably 
well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  of  large  numbers 
of  Conifers,  c  immon  Hollies ,  1203  standard,  pyramid ,  and  dwarf 
trained  Fruit  Trees,  9000  strong  standard  and  dwarf  Rc^es  ; 
5000  oval  leaved  Privet,  2500  Laurels,  of  sorts  ;  Standard, 
Ornamental  Trees,  30C0  2-yr.  Fruit  Stocks,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  at  the  Nursery,  of 
Mr.  DARTNALL,  Seedsman,  5.  High  Street.  Sutton  ;  of 
Messrs.  REEF,  LANE  &  CO..  Solicitors,  3.  Queen  Street 
Place,  London,  E.G.,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C. 

N.B.— The  valuable  Freehold  Building  Land  about  3  acres 
to  be  sold.    Apply  to  the  Auctioneers. 

nialdstone. 

Important  to  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  and  Builders,  and  Fru 
Growers  engaged  in  planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Thomas  Fro-,t  &  Son  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Ling  Nursery,  Maidstone 
(about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Maidstone  Station,  on  the  S.E.  Ry.) 
on  THURSDAY,  November  4.  at  12  o'Cbck  prtcisely,  a  large 
quantity  of  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  of  9000 
Larch  Firs,  rsoo  Plums,  including  Victoria  and  Orleans;  3200 
Apples.  2o;o  Pears.  1400  Farleigh  Prolific  Damson;,  icoo  Kent- 
ish Nuts.  7003  Currants  and  Gooseberries.  Standard  Ornamental 
Trees,  also  a  lar?e  number  of  fine  specimen  Conifers  in  variety  ; 
Wellingtonias,  S:c.,  suitable  for  immediate  effective  planting. 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises  or 
either  of  Messrs.  FROST'S  Nurseries,  and  of  the  Auctioneers 
and  Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C.  and  Leytonstone. 

Hovmslow  Heath. 
SPECIAL  TRADE  SALE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Charles  Lee 
&  Son,  of  exceedingly  well  grown  Stock,  such  as  is  seldom 
met  with,    and  particularly   wcrthy  the  attention  of  large 
Buyers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
wiil  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Lee's 
Nursery,  Staines  Road,  Hounsbw  Heaih  (iwtlre  minutes' walk 
from  Fehham  Station),  on  FRIDAY.  Novembjrs.at  12  o'Clock 
p-ec'sely  3003  dwarf-trained  matd=n  Victoria  PLUMS, 
1000  dwarf-trained  PEACHES,  grand  trees,  unsurpassed  in  the 
Trade,  and  embracing  the  very  best  S->rts;  i  ;oo  tine  standard 
APPLES,  including  the  most  approved  kinds;  1503  CO- 
NIFERS, of  sorts,  r  to  4  feet;  10.000  PRIVETS,  of  sorts; 
,000  PONTICUM  RHODODENDRONS,  Soo  standard 
PLANES,  6  to  r4feet;  2000  POPLARS  and  LIMES,  a,  to 
10  feet  ■  500  double  scarlet  THORNS,  and  a  choice  c  Itection 
ol  about  40:0  dwarf  ROSES,  of  the  b;st  sorts. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  ateither  of  Messrs.  LEE  AND  SON'S  Nurseries,  Hammer- 
smith and  Isleworth  ;  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and 
63,  Che.^pside,  London,  E.C. 


October  23,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


51S 


Ascot. 
TWO  DAYS'  UNRESERVED   SALE  of  beautifully  grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  by  order  of  Messrs.  John  Standish 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instrucled  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Pre- 
miies.  the  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot,  on  TUESDAY  and  WED- 
NESDAY. November  9  rnd  10,  a  large  quantity  of  valuable 
NURSERY  STOCK. 

Full  particulars  of  which  will  appear  in  this  paper  next^eek. 

Leytonstone. 

TWO  DAYS'  UNRESERVED  SALE   of  beautifully  grown 

NURSERY   STOCK, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instracted  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Pre- 
mises, the  American  Nurseries,  Leytonstone,  on  THURSDAY 
and  FRIDAY.  November  ti  and  12,  a  large  buantity  of  valu- 
able NURSERY  STOCK. 

Full  particulars  of  which  will  appsar  next  week. 

Potter's  Ear  (G.  N.  E.). 

Ten  minutes'  walk  from  the  Station. 
CLEARANCE    SALE.  —  FIRST    PORTION. 
Part  of  the  Land  being  required  for  building  purposes. 
EXTENSIVE  SALE  of  thriving  NURSERY  STOCK,  com- 
prising a  varied    and   choice    collection   of  Coniferaj  and 
Evergreen   Shrubs,    Ornamental   Trees,    Hardy   American 
Plants,  Apple,  Pear,  and  Plum  Trees,  Flowering  Shrubs, 
&c. 

MESSRS.  H.'VRLAND  AND  SON  will 
SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  the  Osborn  Nurseries, 
Little  Heath,  Potter's  Bar,  on  MONDAY  and  TUESDAY 
NEXT,  October  25  and  26,  at  i  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  by 
direction  of  Mr.  E.  Bennett. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application  to  the  Auctioneers,  High 
Barnet,  Herts. 

The   DorWng  Nurseries. 

To  Noblemen.  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  and  Others. 

IMPORTANT     SALE    of    VALUABLE     and    well-grown 

NURSERY  STUFF,  Surplus  Stock. 

MESSRS.  WHITE  and  SONS  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  as  above,  under  instructions  from 
Messrs.  Ivery  &  Son,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  2  and  3,  commencing  each  day  at  11  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely, a  great  variety  of  FOREST  and  FRUIT  TREES, 
SHRUBS,  and  EVERGREENS,  in  good  condition  for  trans- 
planting, including  handsome  specimens  of  Wellingtonias, 
Deodars,  Pinus  of  sorts,  Piceas  of  sorts,  Abies.  Thuias, 
Cupressus,  &c.  ;  also  a  fine  lot  of  Aucubas,  Box,  Philiyreas, 
common  and  Portugal  Laurels,  Variegated  and  Green  Hollies, 
Irish,  Golden  and  common  Yews,  Laurustlnus,  Berber!', 
Cupressus,  &c.  ;  Ivies  and  fljwering  shrubs  in  great  variety 
A  fine  lot  of  Mulberries,  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  (,)uinces. 
Currants,  Gooseberries,  Cob-nuts.  Filberts,  Spanish  and  Horse 
Chestnuts,  Beech,  Copper  Beech,  and  Birch.  Conservatory 
and  Greenhouse  Plants  including  A2aleas,  Camellias,  Pot 
Roses,  Ferns,  &c. 

To  be  viewed  on  the  day  previous  to  and  on  the  mornings  of 
Sale.  Catalogues  at  all  the  usual  Inns  in  the  neighbourhood, 
at  Messrs.  IVERY  &  SON'S  Nurseries,  Reigate  and  Doiking  ; 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  Dorking,  who  will  promptly  reply  to 
applications  by  post-card. 


WANTED,  a  NURSERY,  containing  half 
an  acre  of  Land,  three  Gieenhouses  and  Collage,  6 
miles  from  Covent  Garden,  on  Lease,  at  low  rental.      Apply  lo 
E.  CORDING,  The  Gardens.  Denbies.  Dorking,  Surrey. 


T 


WANTED,  on  Lease,  a  Six  or  Eight  roomed 
HOUSE,  with  Large  Garden,  say  r  acre  ;  preference 
if  with  Glass  erections.  About  8  nules  Irom  City  and  near  a 
Railway  Station. 

Address,  HORTUS,  Gardtners   Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

O   SEEDSMEN    and    CORNDEALERS. 

■Advertiser  has  an  absolutely  secure  inome  of  ^Cl^^  Tl 
year,  secured  on  WELL-LET  LONDON  BUSINESS  PRE- 
MISES—price  .£70)— WOULD  EXCHANGE  for  SOUND 
BUSINESS  and  part  Cash. 
Mr.  MARKS,  3,  Zinzan  Street,  Reading. 

Eastbourne. 

Three  miles  out,  and  one  mde  from  Polegate  Station. 

TO  BE  LET,  HOUSE,  BARN,  and  OUT- 
BUILDINGS, Garden,  Meadow,  and  3  acres  old  Orchard 
— 6  acres  in  all.  First.class  position  for  Strawberry,  Pleasure, 
and  Tea  Gardens,  being  such  a  short  distance  out  on  main 
road.  A  good  chance  for  man  with  a  little  capiui. 
_  ADAMS  BROTHERS,  Eastbourne. 

FUey. 

TO  BE  LET,  in  consequence  of  advanced 
age,  to  Gentlemen  or  Gardeners  wishing  to  enter  business, 
CARN  ATIC  LODGE  GARDENS,  with  Vmery,  54  feet  by  13, 
and  2  acres  cropped  with  fine  Strawberry  Beds  and  Bush  Fruit 
Trees,  at  a  proper  valuation  of  Stock  and  Implements,  &c. 
For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  ALVEY,  Scarborough  Road. 


Tobacco  Growing. 

TO  BE  LET,  a  SMALL  FARM,  in  Essex, 
suitable  for  the  above,  with  about  70  acres  of  Arable,  some 
Pasture,  a  good  Malt  House,  and  Cottage.     Apply  by  letter  to 
H.  O.,   Messrs.  Clifford  &  Yatrell,  Bury  Street,  St.  James's, 
London,  S.W, 


To  Gardeners  and  Otbera. 
'PO  BE  LET,  about    20  Acres  of  very  pro- 

-L  ductive  LAND,  atalow  rent.  The  Property  is  situate 
near  two  Railway  Stations,  and  wilhin  an  easy  drive  of  the  City 
and  West  End.  It  comprises  three  large  and  well-stocked 
walled  Kitchen  Gardens  with  numerous  Glass  Houses,  Flower 
Gardens,  and  rich  Pasture  Land. 

Particulars  of  Me.ssrs.  DEBENHAM,  TEWSON,  FARMER 
AND  BRIDGWATER,  80,  Cheapside.  EC.     (.^363  ) 


A  RUM    LILIES.-Several  hundreds,   well- 

-^^^»-     established  m  8  and  ro-inch  pots  ;  very  strong.     Prices, 
I2f.,  iSr.,  and  241.  per  dozen 

THO.MAS  HEWITTS  and  CO..  Solihull. 


T  AING'S    DUTCH    BULBS. —  The  finest 

A^  Roots.  HYACINTHS.  TULirS,  NARCISSU.S,  CRO- 
CUS,  SNOWDROPS,   LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  SpIr.'EA 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs.     Importations  Irom  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


THE  LONDON  CORN  EXCHANGE 
ANNUAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHOW  will  be  held 
at  the  Com  Exchange  Hotel.  Mark  Lane,  E.C.,  onTUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY,  November  2  and  3. 

Class  i.— For  twenty-faur  named  blooms,  12  Incurved  and 
12  Japanese,  open  to  Nurserymen  and  Amateurs,  rst  prize, 
;£3  2J.  :  2d  prize,  >Cr  ".  The  remaining  Nine  Classes  open  lo 
Amateurs  only.     Further  particulars  to  be  obtained  of 

Mr.  HENRY  ROBINS,  Secretary, 


Corn  Exchange 


Last  Day  of  Entry,  October  30. 


KINGSTON  and  SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  TENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  9  and  ro,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes  the  Champion  Challenge  Vase,  value  25  guineas,  and 
two  Cups,  value  5  guineas,  will  be  offered.  Entries  Close 
November  4.     Schedules  and  further  particulars  of 

T.  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 
Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames. 


NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY,  Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S.W. 
GRAND   CHRYSANTHEMUM,    FRUIT,    and    VEGE- 
TABLE EXHIBITION,  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 
November  10  and  11.     Schedules  free  on  application  to 

Mr.  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  E. 
The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  on  Wednesdays,  October  37, 
November  10  and  24.  and  December  8,  at  half  past  i  o'Clock  p.m. 


WATFORD  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
President— 1\\i  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Clarendon. 
The  FIRST  ANNUAL  SHOWof  CHRYSANTHEMU.MS 
•nd  other  AUTUMNAL  FLOWERS  and  FRUIT  will  be 
held  in  the  Agricultural  Hall,  Watford,  on  TUESDAY  and 
WEDNESDAY,  November  16  and  17.  Schedules  can  be 
obtained  on  application  to  the  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer, 


Entr 


iCIor 


HU  L  L   and   E  A  S  T      RIDING 
CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  GRAND  E.XHIBITION  will  be  held  in  the 
Artillery   Barracks,   Hull,    on  THURSDAY   and    FRIDAY. 
November  iS  and  19.  when   FRIZES  to  the  value  of  (,\i%  will 
be  offered  for  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone. 

Class  1. — 48  Blooms,  24  to  be  incurved  in  not  less  than 
18  varieties.  24  to  be  Japanese  in  not  less  than  18  varieties. 
■  St  Prize,  {,10  :  2d,  {»  :  3d,  £i  :  4lh,  £1. 

Other  Valuable  Prizes.  rhe  SILVER  CHALLENGE 
VASE,  value  15  guineas,  will  be  offered  wilh  the  rstprizt  in 
Class  I.  Entries  Close  November  it.  Sjhedules  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Hon.  S^cs.. 

R.  FALCONER  JAMESON.; 
WM.  HAWKSWORTH, 


i  Dock,  Hull. 


COLCHESTER    and    EAST     ESSE.X 
HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETY. 
SPECIAL  PRIZE,  value  Zio  loi  ,  offered  by  the  Corporation 
of  Colchester,  at  the  Chrysanthemum  Show  fixed  for  NOVEM- 
BER 25.     Particulars  of  .  J.  C.  QUILTER,  Secretary, 


5,  Hei 


1  Street.  Colchester. 


F 


OR     SALE,     Lancashire     Lad     GOOSE- 
BERRY Hushes,  3  years  old. 
Apply,  W.   MANN,   Mogden.  Isleworth. 


A  PPLE,    "BISMARCK."— We   have   much 

-^^  pleasure  in  offering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1S85.  Maiden  Trees,  51.  each  :  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S.E, 


rtCELOGYNE     CRISTATA,     with     bloom 


\^ 


■»-^  spiKes,  well  grown,  very  cneap. 

TRUSTEES  of  the  late  J.  Stevenson,  Timperley,  Cheshire. 


TWENTY  THOUSAND  STRONG 

MANETTI   STOCKS    for    Sale,  cheap. 
Address— J.    LAKE.    Westeiham    Hill,    Kent. 


OTRAWBERRY   PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 

^C  Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market  Miss  Jolliff  CARNATIONS,  Marie 
Louise  VIOLETS,  and  Marchioness  PRIMULAS.— Apply  for 
particulars  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Sumlord. 

IMES   —    ELMS—  LIMES. 

STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 


ELMS,  English,  true,  i2  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  i5  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Northampton. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion,  20  inches  high  — Latania  botbinica,  is.  6d.  :  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ij.  6d.  ;  Areca  lutescens,  ir.  bd  ;  Phie  ux 
reclinata,  ij-  6d.  ;  Euterpe  edulis,  15.  6d.  ;  Corypha  australis, 
IJ.  6d.  ;  six  for  Sr. .  or  12s.  dd.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  21.  to  51.  each. 

PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seaforthia  elegans,PhteQix  tenuis  and  Phoenix  re:linala, 
6d.  each,  or  41.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  sr.  to  501.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E  ;  and  BubU  Hill 
Park  Nursery,  Enfield. 

HUGH      LOW     &     CO. 

Invite  inspection  of  the  stock  in  these  Nurseries—immense  in 
extent,  fine  in  quality,  moderate  in  price— comprising  AZA- 
LEAs,  CAMELl-IAS.  CYCLAMEN,  CONIFER.B  EPA- 
CRIS.  ERICAS.  FEkNS,  FRUIT  TREES,  GRAPE 
VINES,  GREENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS, 
HARDY  SHRUBS.  ORCHIDS,  PALMS,  PELARGONI- 
UM3,  ROSES,  STOVE  and  SOFT-WOODED  PLANTS. 
TREE  CARNATIONS,  &c.  MARfiCHAL  NIEL  ROSE, 
many  thousands,  in  pots,  grand  plants,  5  to  12  feet  in  length, 
l8r.  to  60J.  per  dozen. 

274,600  Superficial  Feet  of  Glass. 


JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.    PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 


LARGE      DESCBIPTIVE      CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Co7nptcte  Guide  for  Amateurs.     Gratis  and  Post-^ree. 


FBIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 

AS  ALSO  THE 

Kentish    Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  early  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,  E.E  H  S  .   Calcot  Gardens,    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 

PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS     on    application. 

Kent  — The   Garden   of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Sumps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

wilh  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
See  G.irJeners'  Chronicle  of  Sept.  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  withgrand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO. 

NURSERYMEN  AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

DUTCH    BULBS, 

DIRECT  FROM  THE   GROWERS. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE   FLOWER  ROOTS. 

OUR   GUINEA    PACKAGES 

OF  CHOICE   HARDY   FLOWER-ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardening,  much  eoUrged,  now 

contain  as  under  :  — 

Collection  '*F''  for  Spring  Gardening, 

ContalnlQg  932  Bulba. 


35  Hyacinths,  distil 
50  Tulips,  single  early. 
so  Tulips,  double. 
24  Tuhps,  single  late. 


24  N 
400  Crocus, 


Polyanthus, 
incomparabilis. 
Poeticus. 
double. 


50  Persian  Ran  inculus. 
24  French  Raiua:ulus. 
50  Snowdrops,  single, 
24  Spanish  Iris. 
24  Triteleia  uniflora. 
24  Gladiolus. 
4  Lilium  umbellatum. 
12  Scilla  sibirica  prdicox. 
12  Choice  O.xalis. 


distinct  colours 

Collection  "C"  for  Indoor,  containing 

284  Choice  Bulba  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 
Hyacinth?,    i3  io  i3  splendid 


nlhs. 


6  Du 


:  vanThol,  red  and  yel- 

6    scarlet,  [low. 

Tulips,  double  early— 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white, 
6  Rex  Rubrorum,  fine  crim- 
6  Tuurnesol.  [son. 


Nai 


3  fine 


Bedv 


IS,  Polyanihu 


,  double  and  single    - 

6  double,  sweet-scented. 

6  single 

iz  £ciUa  sibirica  (pixcox). 
12  Choice  Ixias. 
12      ,,     Sparaxis. 
12      „    Oxalis. 
12  Grape  Hyacinths  (H.  bo* 
tryoides). 

6  Eranthis  hyemalis. 

6  Snowdrops. 

6   Iris  Pavonia. 

6  Allium  Neapolitanum. 


Halt  of  eitUer  of  tlie  above  for  10b.  6d. 

The  abnv  PackaRes  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  M.  ss  s. 
MERTtNS  AND  CO.,  3.  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary-at  H  11, 
London,  E.C,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  INDOOR 
and  SPRING  GARDENING,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CATALOGUE  for  i886,  which  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.     BOOZEN    &    SON,      Nurserymen, 

OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 


5'6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  23,  1886. 


SUTTON'S   'N'MiTABLE   HYACINTHS 


RED... 


BLUE 


WHITE 


(  SUTTON'S 

\  SUTTON'S 

(  SUTTON'S 

C  SUTTON'S 

?  SOTTON'S 

C  SUTTON'S 

f  BUTTON'S 

\  SUTTON'S 


INIMITABLE    SCARLET    HYACINTHS 
INIMITABLE    DARK    ROSE     HYACINTHS 
INIMITABLE    LIGHT    ROSE    HYACINTHS 


INIMITABLE  BLUE    HYACINTHS 

INIMITABLE  LIGHT    BLUE    HYACINTHS 

INIMITABLE  DARK    BLUE    HYACINTHS 

INIMITABLE  PURE    WHITE     HYACINTHS 

INIMITABLE  TINTED    WHITE    HYACINTHS 


per  dozen     5  6  per  lew  40  0 

5  6         ,.  40  0 

5  6         ,,  40  0 

per  dozen    5  6  per  loo  40  0 

5  6         „  40  0 

5  6         „  40  0 

per  dozen    7  6  per  loo  55  0 

6  0         „  44  0 


SUTTON'S     INIMITABLE    TULIPS     FOR     BEDDING,  *  per  dozen    i^  6./ •  per  loo    \os  bd. 

IN    VARIOUS    SHADES  OF   COLOUR  S  ^         "<-'^Cll,    IJ.  Ult.  ,    ^Cl     l  uw,     lUJ.  u«. 


For  full  particulars  Bee    SUTTON'S    BULB    CATALOGUE,    Gratis  and  Post-free. 


SEEDSMEN  by  ROYAL  WARRANTS  to 
the  QUEEN  and  PRINCE  of  WALES. 


'hHtnufo 


,^        ROYAL  BERKSHIRE  SEED 

vHh  ESTABLISHMENT,    READING. 


STANLEY  &  TODD'S 


NEW     IMPROVED 


"V"  TUBULAR  BOILERS 

For  VINERIES.  GREENHOUSES,  PEACH-HOUSES,  and 
,;i  FORCING  HOUSES,  these  Boilers  prove  themselves  the  very 
.cme  of  perfection,  and,  comparing  the  prices  with  those  of  other  makers, 
end  themselves  for 


Simplicity,  Efficacy,   Economy,  and  Durability. 

NO    BRICKWORK. 


For  further  particulars  and  prices  apply  to  the  Makers — 

STANLEY  &  TODD,c| 

HORTICULTURAL    ENGINEERS,    Sc. 

256,  Vauxhall  Bridge  Rd.,  London,  S.W, 

Thoroughly  Experienced  Work>nen  Sent  to  All  Parts. 
ESTIUATES  FREE— EFFICIENCY  QUARANTEED. 


W^ORKS    FOR    THE    POSSESSORS    OF    GARDENS. 


HIGH      CLASS      KITCHEN      GARDENING. 

A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all  Vegetables. 
By  William  Earley,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow  Mushrooms," 
"  How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown  8vo,  with  Coloured 
Frontispiece.     Price  4^.  (yd. 

MRS.     LOUDON'S     LADIES'     COMPANION 

TO  THE  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete  Guide  to  the 
Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.  A  New 
Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  is. 


ON     GROWING     ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS. 

By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.    Fourth  Edition.    Price  \s. 

HOW    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS. 

By  William  Earley.    Price  \s.  stitched. 

HOW     TO     GROW     ASPARAGUS. 

A  Popular  Explanation  of  the  best   Method  of  Culture.      By 
William  Earley.    Price  i.r.  stitched. 


London :    BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    &   CO.,    Bouverie   Street,  E.C. 


October  23,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


517 


LILIUM    LONGIFLORUM    FLORIBUNDUM 
This  !:>  ihe  handsome  free  flowering    Easter  Lily     imported 
direct  from  Bermuda     invaluable  for  p  t  culture    its  pure  white 
flowers  bemg  borne  m  the  greatest  profusion. 

Flowering  liulbs,  241,  per  dozen. 

LILIOM  AURATUM.   by  the  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand. 

BULB       CATALOGUE, 

containiDg  Priced  List  of  Lilie?,  free  on  applicaiion. 

W  I  L  L  I  A  M       B  U  L  L.       F.L.S., 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants, 
536,     KING'S    ROAD,    CHELSEA,    LONDON,     S.W. 

BAUMFORTH'S 
SEEDLING    RASPBERRY. 

THIS  new  and  splendid  Raspberry  has  now 
;o  thoroeghly  established  itself  a  popular  favourite  with 
the  Growers  for  Market,  the  G^^ntleman's  table,  and  especially 
the  Exhibitor,  throughout  the  Kinedom,  that  it  is  almost  super- 
fluous now  to  make  a  repetition  of  its  merits  in  detail.  Suffice 
it  to  say.  during  the  time  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  introducing 
it,  t  have  been  favoured  with  orders  for  over  150.000  p'aois, 
which  are  distributed  over  all  parts  of  the  woild,  and  the 
hundreds  of  voluntary  testimonials  received  in  its  lavour  fully 
confirm  my  previous  tJoctiption  of  iis  sterling  properties,  and 
entitle  it  to  be  classed  the  most  popular  and  finest  variety  of 
Raspberry  in  cultivation,  alike  for  produce,  size,  deep 
colour,  quality,  and  strong,  robust  constitution. 


ng  Ca 


:  thL 


at  (he  foUcn 


tduccd 


Planting  Canes,  158.  per  100.  3s.  per  doz. 
Fniltlng  Canes.  22s.  6d.  per  100,  4s.  per  doz. 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
Early  Order 


EDMUND     PHILIP    DIXON, 

Nurse.ies-HULL  and   BURTON-CONSTABLE. 
Seed  Esublishment— 57,  QUEEN  STREET.  HUI-L. 


jfOREST,  jfRUIT 


it    ALL    OTHER 


XTREES  &  ]p>LANTS. 


oS^Jvs-^a^^^J\^^^^< 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free 


COJ¥f/£feMC£ 


VEITCH'S    BULBS 

For  Present  Planting. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

VEITCH'S    BEDDING    HYACINTHS. 

In  distinct  and  decided  shades  of  colour, 

Specially  selected  varieties  to  flower  at  the  same  time, 

producing  targe  trusses  of  bloom. 

DARK  BLUE 15/- per  no,  i/- per  dozen. 

BRIGHT  BLUE         ..         ..  15/-       „       J/- 

CRIMSON         ac/-        „        s/9 

BRIGHT  RED  ..         ..  sc/-       „        2/9 

PURE  WHITE  ..         ..  J7/6       „        3/9 

WHITE,  tinged  rose   ..         ..  25/-       „       3/0 

VEITCH'S      MIXED      HYACINTHS. 

BLUE,  all  shades         ..         ..   12/5  per  100,  1/9  per  dozen. 
RED,  all  shades  ..         ..   15/-        „        2/-  „ 

WHITE,  all  shades      ..         ..22/6       „       3/- 
MIXED,  all  colours     ..         ..13/6        ,.       2/-         „ 

VEITCH'S       MIXED       TULIPS. 

SINGLE,  finest  mixed 3/ i  per  100. 

DOUBLE,  finest  mixed 36 

VEITCH'S       DUTCH       CROCUS. 

LARGE  GOLDEN  YELLOW  ii/6per  1000,  j/6per  100. 
LARGE  BLUE  ..         ..     13/6        „         i/i 

LARGE  STRIPED  ..  ..  13/5  „  i/5 
LARGE  WHITE  ..  ..  14/6  „  1-9 
MIXED,  all  colours     ..  ..12/-         „  1/6 

SINGLE  DAFFODIL  aent  LUy). 

3s.  per  100,  25t.  per  loio. 
DOUBLE         DAFFODIL. 

3J.  per  I03,  251.  per  1  Ko 

BUTTER    AND    EQSS    NARCISSUS. 

51.  6/,  per  IOC,  50J.  per  ii-o'. 

PRIMROSE     PEERLESS     NARCISSUS 

3r.  6(/.  per  100,    32J.  td.  per  1000. 

PHEASANTS-EYE    NARCISSUS. 

31.  per  100.  25J  per  10  o. 

DOUBLE  WHITE    SWEET-SCENTED    NARCISSUS 

41.  6rf.  per  10  ■,  405.  per  1000. 
tW  For  ether  Bit  is  for  I'lantiit^  or  Pol  Cii'tiirc.  see  CA- 
TALOGUE, /orwarded  Gratis  and  Post-free  o,i  ofHieaiion. 


ROYAL      EXOTIC     NURSERY, 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 

SEEDLING         BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW   ROSES  of  1885-6. 

I5J.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30^.  per  25  varieties 

(my  seleciion). 

My  FRENCH   CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  -jd.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen.  Calvado?,  France. 


THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 


THE  BEST  ROSES. 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &c.. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOW  ERINGSHRUBS, 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES. 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c  , 

May  be  seen  and  pmchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &     SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Walihara  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway. 
hall  an  hour  from  London),  Prices  as  low  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion mvited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 


®ili®»tabli6htl).*"!- 


SVPFRB    QUALITY. 

'She  JJirk  of  g}ollanii 


Prices  very  moderate. 

jfree  H)eUverie0. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

(Illustrated). 


gicliabU  alUiang.  Address  in  full — 


P. ^  fl. DlGI^SON  ^SONS, ; 
ibe  CSlucen'3  Seedsmen,     >  \ 

GHESTEI^.    


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    23,    1886. 


AFTER    THE    FIGHT. 

ONCE  more  we  have  fought  a  campaign  in 
the  wars  of  the  Roses — once  more  have  the 
combatants  laid  aside  their  weapons  and  are 
counting  up  their  gains  and  losses  ;  yet  such 
is  their  eagerness  for  the  fray  that,  like  the  old 
Italian  mercenaries  (not  that  they  are  such), 
this  is  but  a  short  breathing  space  for  prepara- 
tion for  future  battles  ;  already  are  they  putting 
aside  weapons  that  have  proved  worthless  in 
past  encounters— already  are  they  looking  out  for 
fresh  ones,  and  seeking  information  on  all  sides 
from  those  who  have  used  them  or  seen  them 
used.  It  is  time,  then,  for  one  who  has  not 
mixed  in  these  battles,  but  who,  like  the  looker- 
on  at  a  game  of  chess,  may,  perhaps,  see  more 
clearly  than  the  actual  combatants  what  has 
been  the  real  character  of  the  campaign,  to 
reveal  his  impressions,  stating,  as  a  preliminary 
qualification  for  so  doing,  that  there  are  few  of 
the  engagements  of  which  he  has  not  been  a 
spectator  ;  that  in  the  Home  Counties  and  the 
West  Countries,  in  the  North  and  in  the  Mid- 
lands, he  has  watched  the  strife,  and  that,  as 
in  duty  bound  as  a  Rose  lover,  he  has  not 
missed  the  two  grand  fights  of  the  year,  those 
at  South  Kensington  and  Birmingham  ;  and  now, 
to  drop  all  similes,  and,  substituting  the  first  for 
the  third  person,  I  desire  to  impartially  (if  I  can) 
review  the  past  Rose  season  and  its  results. 

I  anticipated  that  we  should  have  a  good 
season,  but  in  writing  upon  it  beforehand  I  stated 
that  so  much  depended  on  the  three  weeks 
immediately  preceding  the  show  time— that  If, 
the  latter  part  of  the  month  of  June  and  the 
first'week  of  July— that  it  was  always  impossib'e 
to  state  what  it  would  be  likely  to  be.  When  I 
saw  the  perfectly  clean  state  of  the  plants  in 
various  parts  of  the  country,  and  heard  the 
reports  of  many  growers,  all  seemed  favour- 
able ;  but  (ah  !  those  "buts")  there  came  in  June 
a  cheerless  time,  succeeded  (as  it  was  in  1SS5) 
by  some  very  hot  days  in  the  earlier  part  of 
July,  and  as  a  consequence  blooms  were  gene- 
rally small,  but  the  colours  were  good,  and  the 
flowers  quite  in  character.  Roses  could  be 
easily  identified,  and  there  was  not  much  like- 
lihood of  making  mistakes  in  naming. 

It  was  again  a  season  in  which  light  Roses 
fared  better  than  dark  ones.  This  was  evident 
in  the  grand  stands  of  Merveille  de  Lyon 
exhibited  at  the  National  show  on  July  6  ; 
while  such  Roses  as  M.  Noman,  Captain  Christy, 
Marie  Finger,  Madame  Lacharme,  and  Violette 
Bowyer  were  mostly  seen  in  good  form  ;  and 
it  may  be  safely  said  that  light  Roses  which 
have  not  done  well  this  season  are  not  likely  to 
be  of  much  value.  There  were  no  very  remark- 
able blooms  that  I  can  recollect,  nor  was  it  a 
year  in  which  any  one  Rose  stood  out  promi- 
nently as  the  Rose  of  the  season.  As  showing 
how   necessary  it   is  not   to   discard   varieties 


5i8 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  23,  1886, 


because  they  do  not  always  come  up  to  the 
mark,  the  instance  of  Boildieu  (a  Rose  raised 
by  Jules  Margottin  fils,  and  which  many 
rosarians  have  thought  lightly  of)  taking  the 
premier  prize  for  the  best  H.P.  at  South 
Kensington  in  the  nurseryman's  class  may  be 
noticed  !  when  one  recollects  against  what  it 
had  to  contend — A.  K.  Williams,  Marie 
Baumann,  &c. — it  evidences  that  the  season  was 
favourable  for  the  lighter  coloured  Roses,  and 
that  flowers  may  come  out  exceptionally  good 
now  and  then,  although  not  always  to  be  de- 
pended upon. 

As  usual,  a  good  deal  of  interest  was  excited 
about  New  Roses,  and  many  were  very  anxious 
to  see  Her  Majesty,  but  it  was  not  once 
exhibited.  I  suppose  that  exhibitors  who  had 
it  were  too  busy  in  propagating  it  to  leave  it  to 
flower  ;  a  rude  shock  has  been  given  to  those 
who  were  looking  to  it  as  a  grand  acquisition, 
when  they  heard  that  after  all  it  was  a  summer 
Rose  only  ;  should  this  be  the  case  a  great  deal 
of  its  value  will  be  gone.  It  may,  however,  prove 
like  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  of  which  I  have 
already  written,  which  lay  under  the  same 
stigma,  but  has  proved  with  me  and  others 
to  be  one  of  the  best  autumn  blooming  Roses 
we  have.  From  various  places,  since  my  note  on 
it  appeared,  I  have  had  the  confirmation  of 
my  statement  ;  it  did  not  flower  from  the 
long  shoots  which  are  thrown  up  from  the  roots 
and  which  form  the  "spes  gregis "  for  the 
following  year,  but  from  those  shoots  which 
come  from  the  centre  of  the  plant  after  the  first 
bloom  is  cut  in  July.  With  regard  to  new  Roses 
generally  it  may  be  said  that  there  has  been  a 
dearth  ;  in  fact,  of  those  of  1SS5-86,  there  has 
hardly  been  one  of  which  we  can  speak  with  any 
confidence  as  far  as  the  exhibitions  go. 

But  from  other  sources  one  has  heard  of  one 
or  two,  although  probably  the  verdict  "  they  are 
a  bad  lot"  may  be  only  too  true.  Of  those  of 
1884  we  can  say  something  more  definite,  thus 
Dr.  Dor  (Liabaud)  is  a  fine  cherry-red  flower, 
large  petalled  and  full,  very  sweet-scented,  and 
likely  to  be  a  useful  Rose.  Edouard  Herve  (E. 
Verdier)  is  a  bright  light  carmine  Rose,  full, 
well  shaped,  and  apparently  a  first-class  Rose. 
Madame  Massicault  (Schwartz),  bright  rosy- 
flesh,  is,  I  fear,  not  large  enough,  but  still  it  has 
been  shown  well.  Mrs.  George  Dickson  (Ben- 
nett) is  pleasing  in  colour,  but  too  thin  to  be 
popular.  General  Appert  (Schwartz),  velvety 
reddish-purple  shaded  black,  full,  and  likely  to 
be  a  good  Rose.  Madame  Raoul  Chandon,  a 
good  Rose  of  the  Marie  Finger  type,  but  dis- 
tinct from  that  variety.  Victor  Hugo  promises 
to  be  the  best  of  that  season's  flowers  ;  it  is  a 
vigorous  growing  Xavier  Olibo,  brilliant  in 
colour  and  likely  to  be  a  great  favourite.  Gloire 
Lyonnaise  (Guillot)  is  very  pretty,  especially  in 
the  bud,  but  one  has  not  yet  discoverd  the  yellow 
in  it,  and  as  to  calling  it  a  yellow  hybrid  perpetual 
it  is  all  nonsense,  it  ought  to  be  classed  amongst 
the  so-called  hybrid  Teas,  if  we  are  to  retain 
that  class  ;  but  it  would  seem  to  me  to  be 
much  better  to  do  away  with  it  and  class  all  the 
Roses  that  are  now  included  in  it  under  hybrid 
perpetuals,  and  leave  Teas  and  Noisettes  to 
themselves. 

Amongst  Teas,  Souvenir  de  Gabrielle  Drevet, 
which  has  been  described  as  something  between 
Madame  de  Watteville  and  Souvenir  d'EIise, 
seems  good,  and  is  one  of  those  delightfully  vari- 
able Roses  which  give  us  flowers  of  such  dififerent 
characters,  like  Madame  Lambard,  from  a  branch 
of  which  you  may  cut  sometimes  a  yellow  and 
sometimes  a  red  Rose.  I  have  received  from 
two  different  sources  blooms  of  the  American 
Rose,  The  Bride  :  this  is  not  a  seedling  but  a 
sport  from  that  fine  old  Tea  Rose,  Catherine 
Mermet.  One  bloom  was  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  B. 
R.  Cant,  Colchebter  :  it  is  certainly  white,  but 
I  suppose,  owing  to  the  cold  nights  we  have 
lately  experienced,  the  edges  were  tinged  with 
pink  like  Marie  Van  Houtte  ;  the  other  was  a 


bud  from  Mr.  James  Boyson,  of  Caen,  and 
was  perfectly  white  and  very  pretty,  but  I  rather 
doubt  if  the  white  will  be  as  pure  as  that  of 
Niphetos  ;  but  still  I  think  it  will  be  a  very 
welcome  addition  to  our  Tea  Roses.  The 
other  Rose  was  American  Beauty,  also  sent  to 
me  by  Mr.  Boyson — evidently  a  hybrid  Tea  of 
the  Reine  Marie  Henrietta  type,  but  lighter  in 
colour.  I  do  not  confess  to  much  partiality  for 
these  flowers,  and  as  exhibition  flowers  they  are, 
I  think,  useless.  Who  ever  saw  a  stand  that  was 
the  better  of  any  of  them,  and  which  would  not 
have  been  improved  by  the  substitution  of  some 
other  variety  ?  Of  those  of  1885,  as  I  have  said, 
little  has  been  seen.  Clara  Cochet,  a  seedling 
of  Lacharme's,  is  said  to  be  a  promising  ffower  ; 
and  Comtesse  de  Frigneure,  Tea,  some  speak 
highly  of. 

So  much  for  the  flowers,  and  now  for  a  word 
about  the  exhibitors.  We  have  seen  some 
changes,  as  is  always  the  case.  We  have 
missed  from  the  tented  field  one  of  our  very 
best  exhibitors,  Mr.  Whitwell,  of  Darlington  ; 
and  no  one  seems  to  me  to  have  occupied  so 
prominent  a  position  during  the  past  season, 
amongst  amateurs  at  any  rate,  as  in  years 
past.  The  Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton  carried  off  the 
challenge  trophy  a  second  time,  but  he  did  not 
continue  so  long  in  the  running  as  last  year, 
while  amongst  nurserymen  the  success  of  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant  at  the  earlier  shows,  and  Messrs. 
Harkness  &  Son  at  the  later  ones,  has  been 
exceptional.  One  of  the  most  interesting  cases 
of  exhibiting  I  know  is  that  of  a  gentleman  in 
Wales,  Colonel  Standish  Hore,  who  out  of  a 
small  collection  of  168  plants  managed  to  win 
a  1st  prize  for  twelve  hybrid  perpetuals,  and  a 
3d  for  six  Teas,  at  the  National  Rose  Society's 
provincial  exhibition  ;  although  he  had  only 
grown  Roses  for  two  years,  he  managed  to  beat 
growers  who  had  ten  times  the  number  of 
plants,  and  had  been  exhibitors  for  twenty 
years.  This  only  shows  what  can  be  done, 
and  effectually  disposes  of  the  objection  that 
small  growers  have  no  chance.  Doubtless,  as 
a  rule,  the  big  battalions  are  likely  to  gain  the 
day,  but  if  small  growers  will  be  content  with 
small  things  and  not  be  over-ambitious,  they 
can  succeed  ;  but  if  a  grower  with  a  small 
amount  of  plants  attempts  to  go  in  for  large 
prizes  he  will  find  that  this  is  a  case  in  which 

"  Vaulting  ambition  doth  o'erleap  itself, 
And  falls  on  t'other  side." 

It  is  well  said  that  "little  boats  should  keep 
near  shore  ;  "  and  I  am  sure  that  much  of  the 
disappointment  experienced  by  many  exhibitors 
arises  from  their  attempting  too  much. 

With  regard  to  exhibitions  themselves,  there 
has  been  no  diminution  in  the  interest  they  have 
excited,  and  managers  of  shows  have  been 
singularly  fortunate  in  the  weather  in  which 
they  have  been  held  ;  it  has  been  unusually 
fine,  sometimes  a  little  too  hot,  but  never  wet. 
The  exhibitions  of  the  National  Rose  Society 
have  both  been  successful,  the  space  at  South 
Kensington  being  much  too  small  for  the  number 
of  blooms  staged  ;  while  at  Birmingham,  once 
famous  for  its  Rose  shows,  but  where  it  was 
new  ground  to  the  National,  there  was  a  grand 
exhibition,  and  everything  went  off  to  the  satis- 
faction of  all. 

I  have  already  written  about  a  few  things  I 
think  might  be  altered  for  the  better,  and  in 
referring  to  it  in  connection  with  this  part  of 
my  subject,  must  refer  to  the  very  strange 
letter  of  "  D.  T.  F,"  which  appeared  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  o(  October  2,  p.  429. 
I  always  thought  the  writer  was  a  prac- 
tical man,  but  anything  more  hopelessly 
unpractical  I  have  not  read  ;  moreover  I  think 
he  is  altogether  unfair  to  the  National  with 
regard  to  garden  Roses,  for  it  has  for  some 
years  offered  prizes  for  the  very  flowers  he 
accuses  us  of  neglecting,  and  which  have  been 
well  contested  :  in  truth,  there  is  a  great  deal  of 


illusion  on  this  subject.  I  fearlessly  state  that 
the  very  best  Roses  for  garden  decoration  are 
those  which  are  contained  in  our  exhibition 
lists.  And  what  an  astounding  idea  is  that 
which  he  puts  forward— that  in  order  to  remedy 
the  difficulty  of  allowing  the  stands  of  different 
numbers  to  compete  for  the  prize  for  the  best 
box  in  the  show,  it  would  obviate  it  all  if  72's 
were  to  compete  with  72's,  &c.  Why,  there 
never  is  but  one  class  of  72's  at  a  show  ;  and  it 
would  be  simply,  to  follow  out  his  rule,  to  give 
an  additional  prize  to  each  ist  prize  stand — 
certainly  a  curious  way  of  solving  a  difficulty. 
I  should  like  to  enter  more  fully  into  this  letter, 
for  it  bristles  with  inconsistencies,  but  for  the 
present  I  must  pass  on. 

And  now  with  regard  to  the  last  point — the 
Rose  in  the  garden.  I  do  not  think  I  remember 
for  years  seeing  such  a  grand  autumn  for  bloom- 
ing. At  any  time  during  the  month  of  September 
it  was  possible  to  gath  era  quantity  of  good  blooms, 
not  equal  to  those  ofjuly,  but  still  very  handsome 
and  sweet,  while  the  wealth  of  Teas  has  been 
something  wonderful  ;  the  bushes  were  as  full  of 
bloom  as  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  season.  I 
have  been  enabled  to  gather  such  Roses  as 
Catherine  Mermet,  Marie  Van  Houtte,  Rubens, 
Madame  Lambard,  and  Anna  Olivier  in  great 
abundance,  and  while  in  size  not  so  large  as 
those  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  season,  they 
were  in  form  and  substance  all  that  could 
be  desired.  One  remarkable  fact  has  been 
the  almost  total  absence  of  aphis.  I  have 
been  into  many  gardens,  but  in  no  part  of  the 
country  have  I  seen  it,  and  we  know  very  well 
how  much  trouble  this  saves,  and  how  much 
better  plants  look  which  have  not  to  be  syringed 
or  treated  for  this  pest.  In  many  places,  how- 
ever, orange  fungus— a  most  destructive  pest — 
has  made  its  appearance,  while  mildew  has  also 
been  very  bad  ;  but  upon  the  whole,  a  finer 
season  for  garden  Roses  I  do  not  well  remember; 
and  all  who  love  the  Rose  (and.who  does  not.') 
have  enjoyed  a  pleasure  they  will  not  soon 
forget.   fVzM  Rose. 


HABENARIA  MILITARIS,  n.  sp* 
When  my  late  friend,  J.  von  Watscewicz,  paid  me 
his  first  visit  (it  was  at  Berlin,  at  four  in  the  morn- 
ing (I),  he  brought  his  sketches  of  Chiriqui  Orchids  in 
colours  ;  and  when  I  saw  what  I  then  called  Epiden- 
drum  Pseudepidendrum  I  felt  quite  amazed.  Such  a 
thing  had  not  been  seen  before  in  Orchids.  When 
Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons  first  flowered  the  plant 
(June,  1S71)  it  excited  the  greatest  curiosity. 

And  now  there  stands  before  me  a  second  plant 
with  the  same  contrast  of  colour— a  Habenaria,  kindly 
sent  me  by  M.  Regnier,  horliculteur,  44,  Avenue 
Marigny,  Fontenoy  sous  Bois,  Seine.  I  have  it  in  a  pot, 
in  splendid  health,  with  five  expanded  flowers,  M. 
Regnier  tells  me  the  plant  is  rather  small,  he  having 
seen  much  taller  specimens.  The  colour  is 
nearly  bluish-grey.  There  are  six  leaves,  two  of 
which  are  longer  than  the  others,  all  linear,  the 
longest  ones  reaching  a  span  in  length  by  half  an  inch 
in  width,  equally  broad  in  the  middle.  The  raceme  has 
seven  flowers  and  buds,  which,  when  open,  measure 
two  good  inches  from  the  top  of  the  helmet  to  the  apex 
of  the  spur.  They  are  just  like  (excepting  the  spur) 
the  flowers  of  a  well  developed  Orchis  purpurea, 
Huds.  (fusca,  Jacq.).     The  oblong  acuminate  bracts 


•  Haljciuiria  imlllarU,  n.  sp.— Spith.ima5a  cl  altior :  follis 
Hncaribus  acutis  dimidium  poUicem  latis  ;  racemo  pturifloro  ; 
bractcis  inferioribus  ovaria  pedicellata  aiquanlibus  oblonso- 
ligulatls  acuminatis :  sepalo  dorsali  navicular:  cum  tepalis 
lioeari-ligulatis  galeatis  ;  _  sep.alis  lateralibus  oblongis  acutis 
refle.\is  ;  labello  trifido,  laciniis  lateralibus  oblongo  trapezoideis 
divaricatis,  lacinia  antica  brcvi  unguiculata  porrccta  obtonga 
bifida,  laciniis  triangulis,  calcari^  filiformi  compresso  acuto 
ovario  pedicellato  longiori  ;  rostelli  lacinia  mediana  triangula 
corniformi,  stigmatis  cruribus  porrectis  [h.,^itsilla]  ;  minuta,  tri. 
pollicaris,  paucifolia  labelli  ungue  pro  lacinia  mediana  angusta 
bene  longiori.  Habenaria  pusilla,  Rchb.  I.,  Or.  Bot.  Hamb. 
1878,  p.  35.     Cochin  China.  H.  G.  RM.  f. 


October  23,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


519 


are  equal  in  length  to  the  inferior  stalked  ovaries,  but 
smaller  under  the  uppermost  ones.  The  dorsal  sepal 
is  cucullate  navicular,  the  two  nearly  linear  apiculate 
petals  being  strongly  adherent  to  it.  The  lateral 
oblong  acute  sepals  are  reflexed  and  revolute.  All 
these  parts  are  green.  The  lip  is  trifid,  the  stalk  is 
short,  the  lateral  lacini:e  are  oblongo-dolabriform, 
spreading,  the  anterior  lacinia  is  transverse  with  two 
shanks  of  nearly  similar  circumference,  spreading  or 
antrorse,  smaller.  The  lip  is  quite  scarlet  inside,  out- 
side it  looks  as  if  the  scarlet  colour  had  been  varnished 
with  white.  No  English  soldier  can  boast  a  jacket  of 
a  deeper  scarlet  than  the  lip  of  our  plant.  The  spur 
is  filiform,  greenish-white,  compressed  acute,  longer 
than  the  stalked  ovary.  The  anther  has  two  long 
channels  for  the  caudiculae,  and  the  naked  glandulse  are 
red.  The  rostellum  is  triangular,  complicate,  looking, 
when  seen  from  the  side,  like  the  upper  horn  of  an 
African  rhinoceros.  The  two  stigmatic  processes  are 
even  more  scarlet  than  the  inner  side  of  the  lip,  spread 
out  like  the  bloody  tongues  of  bloodthirsty  beasts. 
A  small  apiculus  stands  between  them. 

So  much  fur  the  beloved  plant.  The  history  is, 
that  M.  Godefroy  Lebeuf  discovered  it  in  Cochin 
China.  I  saw  his  dried  plant,  and  have  careful 
pictures  of  it.  It  is  very  dwarf,  has  smaller  leaves, 
a  longer  stalk  to  the  narrower  anterior  lacinia  of  the 
lip,  and  shorter  bracts  ;  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  it 
is  the  same  plant' found  afterwaids  in  full  development 
by  M.  Regnier.  What  could  I  do?  I  do  not  like  those 
often  naughty  talks  about  names  by  people  who  have 
never  given  one,  but  who  think  the  giving  of  names 
is  the  acme  of  science.  I  detest  changes  of  names, 
yet  it  is  not  very  agreeable  to  me  to  have  called  a 
plant  "  pusilla  "  that  would  appear  to  reach  2  feet 
in  length.  After  a  long  consideration  (I  am  afraid 
M.  Regnier  found  it  too  long)  I  made  up  my  mind, 
I  venture  to  give  a  fresh  name  to  this,  a  small  form 
of  which  was  originally  discovered  by  M.  Godefroy 
Lebeuf,  and  which  has  some  differences  from  the  fully 
developed  plant.  Amateurs  will  always  consider  the 
size,  and  a  variety  "maxima"  or  "pusilla"  will 
be  well  weighed  by  those  who  purchase  plants,  what- 
ever theoretical  views  may  be  professed  in  festival 
speeches  by  those  who  think  they  can  educate  the 
amateur  just  as  they  please  to  do.  The  amateur,  how- 
ever, is  what  he  is. 

As  a  species  the  plant  may  be  compared  best  with 
Habenaria  crinifera,  Lindl.,  a  fine  Cingalese  species. 
Our  plant  has  all  parts  of  the  lip  shorter,  and  with 
no  tails  to  the  divisions  of  the  lip.  I  have  a  certain 
hope  that  this  military  plant  will  be  kept  in  gardens. 
Habenaria  leptoceras.  Hook.,  lasts  a  very  long  time, 
propagates  freely,  till  the  genuine  man  comes,  who 
understands  how  to  kill  it  by  improper  treatment. 
H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Orchidantha  borneensis,  N.E.  Brown. 
[A  NEW  Genus  of  Scitamine/e.] 

Considered  from  a  botanical  point  of  view  this  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  plants  that  has  been 
introduced  for  some  time,  for  although  there  can  be 
no  doubt  whatever  that  it  is  a  member  of  the  natural 
order  Scitamincae,  yet  it  is  so  unlike  anything  hitherto 
known  in  the  character  of  its  flowers,  that  it  will 
probably  form  a  distinct  tribe  of  that  order  ;  but  for 
the  present  I  place  it  in  the  tribe  Musese,  in  which  it 
may  find  place  as  an  anomalous  genus.  Gardeners 
probably  will  find  less  to  admire  in  it,  as  unfortu- 
nately it  is  not  so  showy  as  it  is  interesting  ;  however, 
it  may  be  expected  to  find  much  favour  with  Orchid 
growers,  since  the  flowers  very  much  resemble  those 
of  certain  Orchids,  and  are  quite  equal  to  many  of 
them  in  beauty.  Popularly  speaking,  it  is  a  dwarf 
foliage  plant,  having  something  of  the  aspect  of  a  very 
small  Heliconia,  with  ovate-lanceolate  or  ovate  bright 
green  leaves,  and  small  contracted  two  to  three- 
floweied  spikes  of  Orchid-like  flowers  about  an  inch 
long,  arising  from  the  base  of  the  stems.  This 
remarkable  plant  has  been  introduced  from  Borneo 
bylheCompagnie  Continentaled'Horticulture,  Ghent, 
and  the  following  is  a  full  description  of  it ; — ■ 

Plant  about  a  foo;  high.  Petioles  erect,  4—10  inches 
long,  embracing  each  other  below  by  their  sheaths, 
terete  in  the  upper  part,  with  a  narrow  channel  down 
the  face.  The  blade  of  the  leaf  is  broadly  ovate,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  6 — 10  inches  long  and 
2\ — 3|  inches  broad,  spreading,  light  cheerful  green, 
penninerved,  with  four  to  seven  ascending,  curved 
primary  nerves  on  each  side  the  midrib,  and  three 
finer  secondary  nerves  between  each  pair,  with  a  fine 
and  dense  transverse  venation  between  them,  scarcely 


visible  in  the  living  state  unless  held  up  to  the  light ; 
the  midrib  is  impressed  above,  prominent  and  rounded 
beneath,  and  the  primary  nerves  are  slightly  promi- 
nent beneath.  The  inflorescence,  which  seems  to  be 
freely  produced,  is  sessile  at  the  base  of  the  plant,  and 
is  about  an  inch  long,  with  one  to  two  branches 
clothed  with  ovate  or  oblong  purplish  scales  enclosing 
one  sessile  flower.  The  three  sepals  are  free  and 
equal,  linear-lanceolate  acuminate,  I — i^  inch  long, 
J  inch  broad,  slightly  spreading,  pale  yellowish  in  the 
basal  part,  dull  purple  in  the  upper  part,  on  both 
sides.  The  lateral  petals  are  4  lines  long  and  |  line 
broad,  linear,  truncate  with  a  fine  bristle  at  the  apex, 
and  of  a  blackish-violet  colour.  The  labellum  is  like 
the  sepals  but  a  little  shorter,  10  lines  long,  linear- 
lanceolate  acuminate,  blackish-violet  in  colour,  like 
the  petals.  The  stamens  are  five  in  number,  and  are 
shorter  than  the  petals  ;  filaments  free,  i  line  long, 
pale  yellowish-white;  anthers  \\  line  long,  linear, 
two-celled,  slightly  coherent,  introrse,  dusky  on  the 
back  ;  pollen  white.  Ovary  sessile,  inferior,  \  inch 
long,  enclosed  within  a  convolute,  obtuse,  reddish- 
brown  bract,  the  basal  part  is  three-celled,  with 
numerous  ovules  in  each  cell,  the  upper  part  is  solid. 
The  style  is  as  long  as  the  stamens,  slender,  terete, 
and  whitish  in  coloiir,  terminating  in  a  blackish- violet, 
three-parted,  fimbriate  crest,  with  a  V"Shaped  stigma 
just  below  it,  facing  the  labellum.  A  native  of 
Borneo.  N.  E.  Brown.  Het  barium.  A'ew. 


ORCHIDS     AT     ST.     ALBANS. 

The  interest  in  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.'s 
great  establishment  will  soon  rest  in  a  great 
measure  in  the  several  large  Odontoglossum-houses 
filled  with  many  thousands  of  the  best  types  of  O. 
Alexandras  and  its  hybrids — most  of  which  have  not 
yet  flowered  in  this  country,  but  which  are  already 
sending  up  from  the  sturdy  well-grown  plants  many 
thousands  of  spikes,  sufficient  being  already  in  bloom  to 
prove  the  unsurpassable  excellence  of  the  strain.  At 
present,  however,  the  chief  display  of  flowers  and  pro- 
minent buds  is  given  by  the  Mexican  and  Brazilian 
plants,  each  of  the  showiest  and  rarest  kinds  of  which 
are  represented  by  large  numbers  of  healthy  plants. 
How  Orchid  growing,  in  all  its  branches,  is  carried 
out  here,  on  such  a  large  scale  and  to  such  per- 
fection, is  only  to  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  each 
batch,  or  the  set  of  plants  of  each  locality,  is  treated 
by  itself,  and  in  all  cases  the  information  of  the 
collectors  as  to  the  natural  conditions  in  which  they 
found  them  is  brought  to  bear  on  the  plants  as 
nearly  as  their  culture  under  glass  will  admit.  Thus 
in  the  long  Mexican  corridor  which  connects  all  the 
houses  in  the  one  end  in  a  like  manner  to  that  in 
which  a  similar  corridor  and  the  offices  enclose  the 
other,  provision  is  made  over  the  whole  of  the  roof 
for  suspending  thousands  of  Mexican  and  Guate- 
malan plants  requiring  the  greatest  amount  of  light 
and  air.  Here  large  numbers  of  Lxlia  anceps  and 
its  now  numerous  new  white  varieties  are  freely 
sending  up  flowers  ;  many  scores  of  spikes  of 
the  large  golden  lipped  Oncidium  tigrinum  are 
showily  in  bloom,  and  delightfully  fnigrant,  their 
graceful  sprays  also  being  made  to  decorate  the  ends 
of  several  of  the  other  houses.  That  best  form  of  O. 
Insleayi,  O.  I.  leopardinum,  and  its  fine  sport,  O. 
I.  splendens,  are  also  represented,  as  well  as  O. 
grande,  which,  if  it  be  an  old  and  well  known  Orchid, 
is  yet  the  showiest  of  its  section.  Lslia  autumnalis 
atrorubens,  too,  is  beginning  to  make  a  great  show 
in  the  cool  Mexican-house,  and  Oncidium  unguicu- 
latum,  O.  ornithorhynchum,  and  the  large  batches 
of  Odontoglossum  Cervantesi  and  O.  Rossi  majus 
promise  a  fine  display.  Against  the  shady  wall  of 
the  Mexican-house  a  pretty  effect  is  made  by  planting 
a  single  row  of  Tradescantia  at  its  foot,  which,  closely 
clinging  to  the  wall,  has  clothed  it  with  a  pretty 
covering  of  green  and  silver  leaves,  pleasant  to  look 
upon  and  healthful  to  the  Orchids  suspended  over- 
head. Among  the  Brazilian  and  other  Oncidiums, 
all  of  which  are  here  grown  cool,  O.  varicosum, 
which  covers  the  whole  of  a  roof,  rivals  the  show  of 
O.  tigrinum  with  its  numerous  fine  spikes  of  golden 
flowers ;  O.  micropogon  and  its  unspotted  yellow 
variety,    O.    chrysopteium,   are    both    curious    and 


pretty  ;  O.  Phalaenopsis,  which  is  always  one  of  the 
neatest  of  white  and  violet-flowered  cold-house 
Orchids,  is  in  flower  in  many  varieties  ;  and  O, 
Marshallianum,  O.  dasytyle,  O.  Jonesianum,  and  O. 
incurvum,  in  flower'  or  in  bud  in  great  profusion. 
The  curious  little  O.  Limminghei  also,  like  a  minia- 
ture 0.  Papilio,  is  in  flower;  and  a  great  quantity  of 
the  neat  yellow  O.  cheirophorum,  which  was  one  of  the 
admired  novelties  in  Senator  Jenisch's  garden  at  Ham- 
burgh thirty  years  ago,  but  which  is  still  not  common. 
The  large  Cattleya-house  is  fitted  at  each  end  with 
a  very  massive  and  artistic  rockery  with  cascades, 
fountain  and  basin,  and  a  new  feature  is  introduced 
by  planting  it  with  large  masses  of  white  Lselia 
anceps,  L.  purpurata,  L.  elegans,  Vandas,  Cattleyas, 
Cypripediums,  and  other  Orchids,  mingled  with 
Ferns,  Begonias,  &c.  All  are  thriving  well,  one  of 
the  L.  purpurata  having  over  a  dozen  flower-sheaths, 
and  L.  elegans,  L.  autumnalis  atrorubens,  Cattleya 
Gaskelliana,  Cypripedium  Schlimii,  Zygopetalum 
maxillare  (on  living  stems  of  Alsophila  ferox), 
Oncidium  varicosum,  O.  tigrinum,  and  others  are  in 
flower — the  whole  having  a  fine  eftect,  and  all  the 
more  attractive  as  it  is  the  first  attempt  of  the  kind 
with  Orchids  on  such  a  scale.  The  Cattleya- 
houses  are  filled  with  good  things,  among  which 
the  thousands  of  well  sheathed  plants  of  C.  Trianae 
will  be  the  next  to  make  a  show.  In  bloom  are  a 
new  form  of  C.  bicolor,  with  Indian-yellow  sepals 
and  petals  and  violet-crimson  lip  ;  the  fine  L.  elegans 
prasiata  of  the  Turner!  section,  but  with  a  fra- 
grance equal  to  that  of  the  sweetest  Rose ;  Cattleya 
granulosa,  Lslia  xanthina,  Zygopetalum  inter- 
medium and  the  rare  Z.  obtusatum ;  Acineta 
Barkeri,  Grobya  galeata,  and  some  Miltonias  and 
Burlingtonias. 

In  the  300  feet  long  Dendrobe-house  the  new  Spa- 
thoglottis  Augustorum,Cymbidium  affine.C.  giganteum, 
and  many  Lycastes  and  varieties  of  Lselia  pumila  are 
in  flower  ;  and  the  new  Dendrobium  hercoglossum, 
the  little  plants  of  which  are  covered  with  sprays  of 
waxy  pink  flowers  of  good  size,  proves  itself  to  be  a 
very  desirable  and  distinct  species.  Among  the 
Cypripediums  a  fine  lot  of  C.  Spicerianum,  and  an 
equally  large  batch  of  C.  Lawrenceanum,  together 
with  several  specimens  of  C.  oenanthum  superbum,  C. 
Haynaldianum,  C.  Godefroyce,  C.  concolor,  and 
others,  are  in  bloom,  and  with  them  Aerides  Law- 
rence^e,  and  many  Dendrobium  bigibbum  and  D. 
Dearei.  In  the  other  houses  we  noticed  flowering 
specimens  of  Epidendrum  raniferum,  Phalsenopsis 
Sanderiana,  Dendrobium  densifloruro,  Dendrochi- 
lum  Cobbianum,  Comparettia  macroplectron,  Gale- 
andra  Baueri,  Odontoglossum  Oerstedii  majus,  O. 
odoratum  (true),  O.  constrictum,  and  O.  Sander- 
ianum,  Vanda  undulata,  and  many  reputedly  new 
or  rare  things  promising  for  bloom — the  charming 
blue  Saccolabium  cceleste,  the  curious  terete-leaved 
S.  mitratum,  and  the  ruby-flowered  Aerides  Godefroy. 
anum,  from  their  known  excellence,  being  of  special 
interest  among  them. 

The  glass  department  at  the  old  nursery  in  the 
town  has  been  entirely  transformed,  the  old  houses 
having  been  removed,  and  a  dozen  neat  spans,  all 
opening  into  a  lean-to  corridor,  built  in  their  places. 
These  houses  have  been  arranged  for  the  purpose  of 
crossing  and  raising  hybrid  Orchids,  considerable 
success  having  already  attended  the  eff'orts  in  this 
direction  in  Masdevallias,  Cypripediums,  and  other 
things.  Two  of  the  houses  are  filled  with  Phalae- 
nopsis,  three  with  Masdevallias,  one  with  Oncidium 
macranthum,  and  Odontoglossum  Edwardsii,  one 
with  Mexican  Laelias,  and  so  on,  all  being  in  the  best 
condit'i  n  possible. 


I.sga  pulcherrima.  —  A  small  plant  of  this 
novel  South  American  plant— a  recently  struck  cut- 
ting—is now  in  flower  at  the  Royal  Exotic  Nurseries, 
Chelsea.  It  is  quite  a  tiny  plant,  but  it  has  thrown 
one  cluster  of  erect  long  crimson-coloured  stamens. 
Mr.  Court  states  that  he  has  had  the  plant  under  his 
care  at  the  above  nurseries  for  the  space  of  twenty- 
three  years,  but  has  never  previously  succeeded  in 
flowering  it,  though  he  had  seen  fine  specimens  of  it 
in  Mexico,  6  to  S  feet  in  height,  and  covered  with 
clusters  of  flowers.  It  is  there  cultivated  as  an  ordi- 
nary greenhouse  plant,  placed  out-of-doors  during 
the  summer,  but  housed  during  the  winter.  The 
cutting— now  a  blooming  plant — was  taken  only  in 
August  last,  and  it  was  bloomed  in  the  pot  in  which 
it  was  rooted. 


520 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lOcTOBER  23,    1886. 


MARKET   PLANTS. 

Tree  Carnations. — It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say 
Ihat  these  are  among  the  most  popular  flowers  of  the 
day.  As  pot  plants,  however,  they  hardly  come  within 
the  range  of  market  planis,  but  they  are  very  exten- 
sively grown  for  cutting  purposes,  and  many  of  the 
varieties  are  well  adapted  for  decorative  purposes  when 
the  plants  are  well  grown  ;  and  they  should  become 
more  popular  with  the  decorator,  now  that  we  have 
many  varieties  of  very  distinct  colours,  which  will  form 
dwarf  compact  plants,  and  flower  freely.  For  cut  bloom 
it  is  the  self-colours  that  are  the  most  valuable,  espe- 
cially the  yellows,  crimsons,  and  the  flesh-pink  variety 
Miss  JolifFe — this  is  perhaps  the  most  useful  of  all  the 
class,  as  it  has  a  peculiarly  delicate  shade  of  colour, 
which  is  not  to  be  found  in  many  other  Sower*,  and  it 
is  moreover  a  colour  that  is  very  fashionable  at  the 
present  time. 

Although  for  some  time  past  Carnations  have  found 
a  ready  sale,  and  have  realised  a  fair  price,  there  is  a 
danger  of  the  supply  being  overdone,  as  is  the  case 
with  most  classes  of  plants  that  come  into  favour. 
When  the  supply  of  any  particular  plant  or  flower  is 
in  excess  of  the  demand,  the  great  evil  is  that  the 
surplus  is  sold  at  considerably  less  than  the  sum  the 
regular  florist  has  to  pay,  and  the  plants  are  hawked 
about  the  streets,  and  perhaps  sold  in  front  of  his  shop, 
for  less  money  than  he  has  had  to  give  for  his  supply. 
As  soon  as  this  is  the  case  the  florist  is  obliged  to  use 
something  different,  even  though  he  cannot  find  any- 
thing more  suitable  for  his  higher  class  trade.  The 
prices  that  Carnation  blooms  will  realise  vary  con- 
siderably ;  a  fair  average  price  for  good  blooms  is 
from  \s.  to  \s.  Gd.  per  dozen,  but  sometimes 
the  price  will  go  considerably  higher,  especially  for 
yellows,  or  extra  fine  blooms  of  crimsons — these  will 
sometimes  fetch  from  4J.  to  6s.  per  dozen,  and  I  have 
known  the  prices  to  go  even  higher  than  that  ;  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  it  is  often  difficult  to  find  purchasers 
at  any  price.  Plants  are  sometimes  in  demand  for 
country  trade — the  price  of  these  vary  from  gs,  to 
l%s.  per  dozen,  for  plants  in  48-size  pots. 

Culture. 
In  the  culture  of  Tree  Carnations  various  methods 
are  followed  by  different  growers.  In  some  cases 
where  they  are  grown  exclusively  for  cutting  pur- 
poses the  same  plants  are  grown  on  from  year  to  year, 
and  these,  when  kept  clean  and  healthy,  produce  an 
immense  quantity  of  bloom  ;  but  in  most  cases  young 
plants  are  preferable,  as  they  are  more  easily  kept  in 
order,  and  can  be  grown  in  positions  where  the 
accommodation  would  not  suit  the  larger  plants.  In 
some  cases  the  plants  are  flowered  planted  out  under 
glass.  The  only  objection  to  this  system  is  that 
they  are  not  so  much  under  control,  and  often  occupy 
space  that  might  be  more  profitably  utilised  if  the 
plants  could  be  more  easily  removed  as  they  go  out 
of  flower.  Another  system  is  to  grow  young  plants 
on  planted  out  in  the  open  borders  during  the  sum- 
mer, and  take  them  up  and  pot  them  in  the 
autumn.  Where  soil,  situation,  &c.,  are  suitable, 
fine  plants  may  be  obtained  in  one  season,  but  there 
is  always  a  risk  of  the  plants  suftering  somewhat  from 
being  disturbed  just  at  a  time  when  the  pots  should 
be  well-filled  with  roots.  The  most  commendable 
system  is  to  grow  young  plants  on  in  pots,  and  these, 
if  propagated  early  in  the  year,  will  make  good  plants 
for  flowering  the  following  winter. 

Propagating. 

The  first  point  of  importance  is  to  secure  good 
healthy  cuttings,  or  pipings  as  they  are  usually  called. 
Some  sorts  do  not  produce  side-shoots  very  freely, 
and  in  such  cases  a  few  plants  should  be  stopped  back, 
and  placed  in  heat  ;  if  this  is  done,  they  will  soon 
break  out  and  give  some  clean,  healthy  pipings.  It  is 
of  more  importance  that  good  pipings  should  be 
obtained  than  that  they  should  be  put  in  at  any  par- 
ticular time,  therefore  the  stock  should  be  looked  to, 
and  the  pipings  taken,as  they  are  ready,  commencing, 
say,  early  in  January,  though  it  will  be  quite  early 
enough  to  obtain  good  plants  the  same  season,  if  the 
pipings  are  put  In  by  the  first  week  in  March. 

In  taking  the  pipings  it  is  not  necessary,  as  is  some- 
times recommended,  to  pull  them  off^  close  to  the  old 
stem,  but  they  may  be  pulled  out,  or  cut  off  a  few 
joints  away  from  the  stems,  and  ihis  does  not  damage 
the  planis  so  much.  If  the  pipings  are  pulled  out  it 
is  necessary  to  be  careful  to  avoid  bruising  them  in 
any  way,  and  care  should  also  be  taken  that  they  are 


not  allowed  to  get  withered  before  they  are  put  in. 
Another  point  of  importance  is,  that  that  they  should 
only  be  put  in  the  soil  just  deep  enough  to  keep  them 
flrm,  and  the  compost  used  should  consist  of  nothing 
that  is  likely  to  favour  the  growth  of  fungus.  Loam, 
leaf-mould,  and  sand  in  equal  parts,  form  a  good  com- 
post, and  the  pots  should  be  well  drained.  The  best 
position  for  striking  Tree  Carnations  is  in  a  close  frame 
where  is  a  good  brisk  bottom-heat.  The  frame  should 
be  opened  every  morming  and  left  for  an  hour  or  so,  but 
not  long  enough  for  the  cuttings  to  get  withered,  and 
they  should  not  be  allowed  to  get  quite  dry  in  the 
pots.  The  greatest  enemy  to  the  propagator  of  Car- 
nations is  damping,  which  is  generally  attributed  to 
excess  of  moisture,  but  I  believe  it  is  more  frequently 
brought  about  by  first  allowing  the  pots  to  get  too 
dry,  or,  by  creating  a  stagnant  atmosphere  through 
not  regularly  attending  to  the  ventilation.  However, 
with  the  greatest  care,  this  evil  cannot  always  be 
avoided,  therefore  it  is  necessary  to  keep  a  careful 
watch,  and  take  steps  to  eradicate  it  on  its  first 
appearance,  otherwise  a  whole  batch  may  soon  be 
destroyed.  They  should  be  removed  from  the  propa- 
gating frame  as  soon  as  they  are  rooted,  and  gradu- 
ally exposed  to  more  light  and  air.  After  being 
properly  hardened  off  they  should  be  potted  off^  singly 
in  60-size  pots  with  as  little  delay  as  possible,  and 
potted  on  as  they  require  it.  Most  of  the  early  struck 
plants  will  require  stopping  once,  but  those  struck 
later  may  be  grown  on  without  being  stopped.  As 
soon  as  the  plants  are  well  established  they  should 
have  all  the  air  possible,  and  by  the  end  of  June  they 
may  be  placed  out-of-doors ;  a  sheltered  position 
should  be  selected,  and  to  prevent  worms  from  pene- 
trating the  pots,  the  ground  should  be  well  covered 
with  ashes. 

Compost. 

In  preparing  the  compost  for  potting,  it  is  essential 
that  everything  used  should  be  as  free  from  worms  as 
possible.  The  soil  should  be  fairly  rich,  and  should 
contain  sufficient  grit  or  sand  to  ensure  a  free  passage 
for  water.  The  plants  should  be  potted  moderately 
firm ;  of  course  a  good  deal  depends  upon  the  soil 
And  the  condition  it  is  used  in  ;  if  the  soil  is  light 
they  cannot  be  potted  too  firmly. 

Watering. 
It  is  very  important  that  the  wateiiog  should  be 
carefully  attended  to,  as  either  excess  of  drought  or 
moisture  is  very  damaging,  I  may  add,  however, 
that  it  is  better  to  err  on  the  side  of  keeping  ihem 
too  dry  than  to  use  too  much  water.  After  the  pots 
are  well  filled  with  roots  a  little  stimulant  may  be 
used  frequently,  but  this  should  be  of  a  mild  nature. 
And  an  occasional  syringing  with  clear  soot  water 
will  go  a  great  way  towards  keeping  the  plants  free 
from  fly. 

Varieties. 

The  varieties  included  in  this  section  of  Carnations 
are  numerous,  and  among  the  newer  introductions 
are  some  valuable  improvements  ;  yet  many  of  the 
older  sorts  still  hold  a  high  position,  and  it  would  be 
difficult  to  get  anything  to  supersede  some  of  them. 
Among  the  scarlets,  for  instance,  although  there  are 
some  very  fine  new  varieties,  yet  Lucifer  and  Andre 
Alegaticre  are,  perhaps,  more  extensively  grown  than 
any  other  scarlet  sorts  ;  this  is  on  account  of  their  not 
being  so  liable  to  spoil,  and  of  their  being  so  remark- 
ably free  and  dwarf  in  habit.  All  the  varieties  are 
liable  to  considerable  variations,  and  it  is  on  this 
account  that  opinions  are  so  much  at  variance  as  to 
which  are  the  most  desirable  sorts  to  possess.  The 
following  selection  may  include  more  varieties  than 
are  usually  grown  for  market  work,  but  where  a 
collection  is  grown  all  will  be  found  useful. 

IVkites. — Mdlle.  Carle,  pure  white  ;  dwarf  and 
compact  in  habit ;  very  free.  It  is  comparatively  a 
new  variety,  and  certainly  a  great  improvement  on 
any  ether  white  variety  that  I  am  acquainted  with. 
There  are  several  other  good  white  varieties,  among 
which  may  be  included  L'Hermione,  Lady  Rose 
Molyneux,  Purity,  La  Belle,  and  White  Swan.  The 
last-named,  though  rather  of  straggling  habit,  is  still 
a  favourite  with  many  growers. 

Scarlets. — Lucifer:  this  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
scarlets  for  general  purposes,  though  some  give  the 
preference  to  Andre  Alegatiere  ;  but  we  find  this 
more  liable  to  sport  than  the  first-named.  Rufus  : 
deep  crimson-scarlet ;  very  useful.  Raspail  :  a  new 
variety  of  great  merit  ;  the  flowers  are  large,  bright 
in  colour,  and  the  plant  is  of  good  habit.  Field  Mar- 
shal,  Duke  of  Albany,  Worthington  G.  Smith,   and 


Huntsman,  are  all  of  about  equal  merit.  Another 
scarlet  that  must  not  be  omitted  is  Sir  Charles  Wil- 
son ;  this  has  very  large  fringed  flowers,  and  is  of 
vigorous  habit. 

Yellows. — Pride  of  Penshurst  :  this  is  undoubtedly 
the  best  yellow  Carnation,  although  it  is  usually  in- 
cluded with  the  border  varieties ;  it  may  be  grown 
with  the  section  under  notice,  as  it  will  flower  freely 
throughout  the  winter,  or  rather,  I  should  say,  may 
be  had  in  flower  throughout  the  winter  by  growing 
on  plants  for  succession.  Mrs.  G.  Hawtrey  :  this  is 
an  older  variety,  somewhat  similar  to  the  above.  Tis- 
sot's  Yellow :  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  very  good. 
Chevalier  :  pale  yellow,  slightly  striped  with  pink  ;  a 
good  variety,  with  fine,  well-formed  flowers.  Prince 
of  Orange  :  yellow,  edged  with  pink  ;  a  good  useful 
sort.  Andalusia  :  pale  yellow,  large  fringed  flowers  ; 
one  of  the  best  winter  bloomers,  Boissy  :  pale  prim- 
rose ;  very  free. 

Crimsons. — Dr.  Raymond,  deep  crimson,  flowers 
welt  formed;  plant  dwarf  and  compact  in  habit; 
very  fine.  Negro,  dark  crimson  ;  very  good.  Mrs, 
Keene,  Indian  Chief,  Burgundy,  and  Valencia  are 
also  good  varieties  ;  the  latter  has  fringed  flowers. 

Pinks. — Miss  Joliffc  :  I  have  already  alluded  to 
this  variety,  and  can  only  add  that  too  much  cannot 
be  said  in  its  favour.  Another  good  variety  of  a 
similar  shade  of  colour  is  Lady  Macbeth.  Helena, 
deep  rosy-pink,  flowers  large  and  well  formed  ;  plant 
of  good  habit,  Magnifica,  and  Seraph  are  both  of  a 
similar  shade  of  colour.  Laura,  a  fine  variety  with 
fringed  flowers,  soft  flesh-pink. 

Various. — Jean  Sisley,  flowers  large,  colour  buff 
striped  and  flaked  with  crimson  ;  habit  dwarf  and 
compact.  Empress  of  Germany,  flowers  very  large, 
pure  white,  slightly  tipped  with  scarlet  ;  very  fine. 
Gaiety,  buff  flaked  with  crimson ;  well  formed 
flowers.  Whipper-in,  scarlet  and  crimson  striped  ; 
fine  large  flowers,  Atime,  scarlet  and  blush  striped  ; 
very  effective.  La  Zouave,  pink  and  scarlet  striped  i 
very  free.  A,  Hemsley, 


THE   CEDARS    AT   BAYFORD- 

BURY. 
We  are  now  able  to  lay  before  our  readers  an 
illuslration  (fig.  102)  of  some  of  the  noble  Cedari 
which  were  mentioned  in  our  columns  recently  by 
Mr.  Baker,  who  naturally  takes  great  pride  in  bis 
noble  trees  (see  p.  427).  The  Cedars  in  question  were 
planted  about  1765,  some  of  them  being  seedlings 
from  a  tree  still  in  existence  at  Enfield,  and  their  di- 
mensions are  given  in  Mr.  Baker's  note  at  p.  427. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  also  that  seedlings  from  these 
trees  come  up  freely  all  over  the  garden,  so  that  if 
they  were  allowed  to  remain  undisturbed  the  Cedars 
at  Bayfordbury  would  form  as  thick  a  grove  as  on 
the  slopes  of  Lebanon.  An  account  of  this  very 
charming  and  specially  interesting  garden  and  pinetum 
will  be  found  in  our  columns,  August  22, 1885,  p.  229. 


THE    ALPINE    GARDEN. 

Soil  for  Alpins  Plants.— A  note  of  Mr.  G. 
Maw,  on  p.  500,  calls  attention  to  this  subject,  so 
interesting  to  all  growers  of  rock  plants.  It  may  be 
doubted  which  of  the  two  is  the  more  important 
factor  in  their  successful  cultivation — atmosphere  or 
soil.  Mr.  Correvon,  who  has  had  long  experience, 
says  on  the  last  page  of  his  Planus  dcs  Alpss^  that 
"  the  chemical  and  physical  composition  of  the  soil 
is  all-important."  Anyhow,  the  influence  of  atmo- 
sphere and  climate  are  beyond  our  control,  but  soil 
may  be  made  up  in  any  mixture. 

The  greatest  mistake  generally  made  in  attempting 
the  cultivation  of  alpines  is  giving  them  too  rich  and 
too  easily  found  food.  The  roots  of  these  hardy 
mountain  plants  should  be  obliged  to  wander  far  to 
search  for  and  gather  a  maintenance,  and  Ihis  con- 
stant exercise  keeps  the  plants  in  health.  Hence,  I 
have  always  found  that  what  may  be  called  the 
mechanical  conditions  of  the  soil  in  which  they  grow 
is  of  even  more  importance  than  the  chemical.  A 
mixture  of  three-fourths  finely  broken  stone  or  brick 
or  well  selected  sand,  with  one-fourth  good  soil,  will 
keep  most  alpines  in  health  better  than  a  richer  com- 
pound. 

After  many  experiments  I  have  found  that  some 
fastidious  and  difficult  plants,  which  have  seemed  un- 
manageable, have  done  well  when  planted  in  sand  or 
fine  gravel  riddled  from  the  waste  of  granite  quarries. 
The  dark  red  granite  of  Mount  Sorrel,  in  Leicester- 
shire, to  which  Mr.  Ingram,  of  Belvoir,  first  directed 


October  23,  18 


7HE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


521 


me,  is  the  best  I  have  tried.  This  is  delivered, 
carriage  paid,  at  my  station  in  Cheshire,  for  about 
\os.  a  ton.  Mixed  with  a  small  proportion  of  humus 
aod  loam  this  suits  many  Androsaces  and  such-like 
alpines  admirably.  One  cannot  give  general  direc- 
tions for  the  cultivation  of  all  alpines,  each  of  which 
should  be  tried  under  varied  conditions.  In  Kerner's 
Cultur  der  Alpetipflanzen — a  treatise  I  should  much 
like  to  see  translated  into  English — we  have  an  alpha- 
betical catalogue  of  choice  alpines,  with  three  columns 
in  front  of  the  names.  In  the  first  is  given  the  degree 
of  decomposition  of  the  rock  in  which  the  plant  is 
generally  found,  which  suggests  the  proportion  of 
humus  it  requires.  In  the  second  column  is  stated 
the  lime-loving  or  lime-hating  or  indifferent  character 


be  difficult  to  say,  for  botanists  do  not  seem  to  have 
found  a  station  for  it  in  that  country  yet.  It  occurs, 
however,  on  many  of  the  islands  and  on  the  south 
coasts  of  the  Mediterranean,  and  according  to  accounts 
fornos  rather  a  procumbent  straggling  under-shrub 
when  it  attains  any  size.  Whoever  has  seen  it  under 
cultivation  in  British  gardens  could  hardly  imagine  it 
possessed  such  a  habit,  for,  whether  grown  in  pots 
or  planted  out,  in  both  cases  it  maintains  a  close, 
bushy,  branching,  upright  deportment.  The  flower- 
ing season  has  been  variously  recorded  from  June 
to  October,  but  in  fact  ii.  keeps  on  flowering  for 
a  great  length  of  time,  fresh  flowers  being  produced 
on  the  young  shoots.  At  the  present  time  flowers 
are   freely   produced  —  a    redeeming    feature    that 


from  June  (0  October.  The  plant  is  perennial  and 
procumbent  at  the  base,  with  a  somewhat  woody 
rootstock,  from  whence  arise  the  flowering  shoots, 
that  do  not  exceed  4  or  6  inches.  Many  of  these 
ascending  or  erect  branches  are  flowerless  and  peren- 
nial, giving  the  plant  an  evergreen  and  lu'red  appear- 
ance all  the  year  round.  Truly  alpine  in  character 
and  perfectly  hardy,  this  rock  plant  may  be  depended 
on  to  take  care  of  itself  when  once  perfectly  estab- 
lished, and  if  allowed  to  develope  to  a  broad  spread- 
ing patch  will  hang  over  a  hedge  in  a  graceful  way, 
just  fringing  the  place  around  which  its  roots  main- 
tain a  foothold,  for  although  the  lower  and  older  part 
of  the  plant  is  procumbent  or  even  prostrate  it  never 
becomes  coarse  nor  travels   far.      The  flowers  are 


Fig.  102.— cedars  at  bavfordbury,  Hertfordshire,    (see  p.  jso.) 


of  each  plant ;  in  the  third  its  preference  for  sandy 
or  loamy  soil. 

To  this  table  I  always  refer  when  any  new  or  rare 
alpine  first  comes  to  me.  But  if  I  can  obtain  several 
plants  of  the  same  species  I  much  prefer  to  determine 
the  best  treatment  by  experiment.  How  a  plant 
grows  in  its  natural  habitat  is  one  thing,  how  it  will 
thrive  under  entirely  changed  circumstances  of  atmo- 
sphere and  climate  is  another,  and  the  conditions 
required  in  the  latter  case  are  often  shown  by  expe- 
rience to  be  quite  different  from  those  of  its  native 
home.   C.  WolUy  Dod. 

Hypericdm  ^gypticum. 

Nearly  one  hundred  years  have  elapsed  since  this 

plant   was   originally   introduced   to    Britain,    as   its 

specific  name  would  imply  and  as  record  hath  it  from 

Egypt.     How  this  latter  statement  originated  it  would 


compensates  for  their  small  size.  In  general  appear- 
ance the  plant  resembles  some  of  the  shrubby  New 
Zealand  Veronicas  such  as  V.  epacridea,  but  is  of  a 
pale  glaucous  colour,  whereas  the  latter  is  of  a  deep 
shining  green.  A  reserve  stock  of  plants  should  be 
kept  in  the  cold  frame  in  case  of  loss  from  a  severe 
winter,  but  unless  in  exceptional  cases,  plants  will 
survive  out-of-doors  in  warm,  sunny,  sheltered  places 
on  the  rockwork.  The  species  is  figured  in  the 
Botanical  Register,  t.  196,  and  more  recently  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle^  n.s.,  vol.  xiv.,  p.  503,  f.  95. 

Silene  Schafta. 
In  particularly  dry  exposed  places  the  flowering 
season  of  this  dwarf  alpine  is  short.  It  is  able  to 
exist,  however,  on  account  of  its  deep  rooting  habit, 
but  where  the  soil  is  somewhat  moist  it  will  continue 
to   make  fresh  growth  and   put  forth  fresh    flowers 


solitary  or  twin,  and  of  a  pleasing  rosy-purple,  of 
medium  size,  terminating  the  shoots.  This  species 
is  a  native  of  Transcaucasia  and  Persia,  inhabiting 
elevations  ranging  from  2500  to  4000  feet.  There 
is  a  figure  in  the  Botanical  Register,  3220,  and  an 
uncoloured  figure  in  Kegel's  Gartenfiora,  7241. 
Except  when  many  plants  are  required  there  is  little 
need  to  propagate,  but  when  necessary  the  younger 
and  green  shoots  are  the  best,  for  although  (especially 
in  dry  places)  the  plant  produces  many  flowerless 
shoots,  they  do  not  succeed  well  when  once  they  have 
become  wiry. 

Plumbago  Larpent.^. 
Annually  as  the  seasons  roll  round  and  the  shorten- 
ing days  of  September  give  way  to  the  unsettled  and 
often  blustering  October  weather,   the   rockwork  or 
border  in  which  this  striking  Leadwort  is  grown  is 


522 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  23,  1886. 


enlivened  in  no  ordinary  manner.  This  is  partly  due 
to  the  intensity  of  colour,  an  unusual  shade  of  blue, 
and  its  advent  at  a  season  when  there  are  few  things 
out-of-doors  approaching  that  hue  except  the  Asters 
in  their  endless  diversity  of  shades,  and  partly  to  the 
suddenness  with  which  they  seem  to  burst  into  flower 
when  the  conditions  and  surroundings  are  favourable. 
This  latter  character  is  owing  to  a  habit  possessed  by 
other  members  of  the  same  family  of  opening  a 
number  of  flowers  at  a  time  when  conditions  are 
favourable,  while  the  rest  lie  concealed  within  the 
bracts  and  calices.  The  petals  of  this  Plumbago  are 
very  delicate  in  texture  and  easily  destroyed,  but  con- 
tinue to  expand  and  create  a  display  in  mild  weather 
till  late  in  autumn.  For  some  time  after  its  introduc- 
tion this  plant  was  cultivated  in  pots  with  good  effect. 
It  naturally  likes  a  dry  soil,  which  accounts  for  its 
easy  cultivation  in  pots.  Fortune  discovered  it  on  the 
lamparts  of  Shanghai,  and  afterwards  Smith  in  the 
same  place,  and  on  the  stonework  of  the  city  wall. 
This  proves  it  naturally  a  rockwork  plant,  but  being 
somewhat  tender  it  should  be  planted  in  a  sheltered 
nook,  to  retain  the  foliage  as  long  as  possible.  The 
rootstock  is  perfectly  hardy  in  a  well  drained  soil, 
comes  up  readily  in  spring,  and  increases  rapidly 
where  there  is  accommodation.  There  is  a  figure  of 
the  species  in  Paxlon's  Mai^a-Jne  of  Botany,  xiv.,  267, 
and  it  is  synonymous  with  Valoradia  plumbaginoides. 

Erodium  Reichardi, 
Excepting  E.  maritimum,  which,  however,  is  only 
a  casual  in  herbaceous  borders,  and  altogether 
insignificant,  the  species  above-named  is  one  of  the 
dwarfest  and  most  compact  habited  Erodiums  we 
have.  Unfortunately,  it  is  not  so  hardy  as  is 
desirable,  but  being  easily  propagated  by  division  of 
the  rootstock,  a  reserve  supply  may  be  kept  in  small 
pots  in  an  unheated  frame  or  other  structure. 
Accommodation  can  easily  be  obtained  for  it  on  the 
rockery  in  a  small  crevice  between  the  stones,  with 
plenty  of  exposure  to  sunlight.  Not  being  a  succulent, 
however,  it  must  not  be  planted  where  the  roots  have 
iosuflicient  depth  of  soil,  or  a  supply  of  moisture 
necessary  to  preserve  it  from  being  parched  up.  As 
a  precaution  against  this,  it  should  be  so  situated  that 
the  falling  rain  would  have  access  to  the  soil  in  which 
it  is  planted.  There  is  an  uncoloured  figure  of  the 
plant  given  in  Lamarck's  Eiicyclopitdia,  plate  573, 
fig.  2,  under  the  name  of  Geranium  Reichardi. 
About  a  hundred  years  ago,  when  this  plant  was 
first  introduced,  both  Erodiums  and  Pelargoniums 
were  included  under  Geranium,  although  all  are 
sufficiently  distinct,  and  now  clearly  defined.  The 
leaves  are  small  and  neatly  heart-shaped,  forming  a 
close  dwarf  tuft,  from  which  the  peduncles  arise, 
bearing  a  solitary,  comparatively  large  white  flower, 
sometimes  more  or  less  veined  with  pink.  The  whole 
does  not  exceed  a  height  of  2  or  3  inches,  and  flowers 
are  produced  throughout  the  summer  season,  and 
often  well  into  autumn,  J.  F. 


GRAPES    FROM    HUNGARY. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Fruit  Committee  at 
South  Kensington  a  very  interesting  exhibit  of  Grapes, 
grown  in  Hungary,  was  sent  by  Herr  Horvath,  of 
Funlkirchen,  which  are  well  worthy  of  something 
more  than  the  brief  notice  that  was  bestowed  on  them 
in  our  report  of  that  meeting.  They  were  chiefly  of 
the  smaller  varieties,  with  pleasant  flavours,  which  it 
is  to  be  regretted  are  greatly  neglected  now  in  this 
country  for  mere  appearance  sake.  The  clear  trans- 
lucency  of  the  white  varieties  was  particularly  notice- 
able, and  the  flavour  of  all  particularly  rich  and 
piquant,  giving  evidence  of  the  fine  climate  and  hot 
sun  enjoyed  in  that  part  of  the  world. 

1.  Muscat  of  Hungary. — This  is  the  variety  most 
generally  grown  in  Hungary.  The  bunch  is  small, 
berries  small,  roundish-ovate,  greenish-white,  with  a 
firm  flesh  and  a  pleasant  Muscat  flavour. 

2.  Koyal  Muscadine. — Very  clear  skin,  almoit 
translucent,  sweet,  well  ripened, 

3.  Muscat  of  Alexandria. — Bunches  badly  set  on 
account  of  cold,  wet  weather  at  time  of  flowering. 
Berries  rather  small,  well  ripened,  and  of  good  quality. 

4.  While  Fiontignan. — Very  good,  well  ripened  j 
colour  light  orange. 

5.  Muscat  Quadrat.— StSiled  by  Herr  Horvath  to 
be  "the  same  as  white  Frontignan,  only  that  the 
berries  are  larger  and  oblate  in  shape,  just  like  a  flat 
Tomato."     This  is  a  very  interesting  variety,  quite 


distinct  —  well     worthy    of   trial.      The    quality    is 
excellent. 

6.  Grizzly  Frontignan. — Much  darker  in  colour  than 
it  is  usually  seen  here.     Excellent  in  quality. 

7.  Chasselas  Musijui  le  Vrai. — This  seems  to  be 
intermediate  between  Royal  Muscadine  and  the 
Chasselas  Musque  as  generally  grown  in  England, 
The  berries  are  larger,  and  not  so  firm  or  so  high 
flavoured,  and  "  do  not  crack,"  Mr.  Horvath  states, 
which  is  a  notorious  character  of  it  with  us. 

S.  Muscat  Fleur  d' Grander. — This  possesses  the 
rich  flavour  and  firm  crackling  flesh  of  our  Chasselas 
Musque,  and  is  given  as  a  synonym  in  Vims  and  Vine 
Culture.  Can  it  be  that  our  Chasselas  Musque  is  not 
the  true  one  ? 

9.  Chasselas  Rose. — This  resembles  the  Royal 
Muscadine  in  quality ;  the  colour  of  the  berries  is 
dark  rose,  and  if  over-ripe  assume  a  purplish  shade. 

10.  Chasselas  Rose  de  Falloux.  —  Distinct  from 
Chasselas  Rose,  the  berries  being  always  of  a  light 
rose  colour. 

11.  Chasselas  Violet.  — Heit  Horvath  states:  — 
"The  berries  of  this  variety  turn  red  directly  after 
flowering.  When  ripe  they  are  light  red,  and  when 
over-ripe  still  lighter  in  colour.  This  sort  is  not 
called  Violet  on  account  of  the  colour  of  the  berries, 
but  the  young  shoots  and  leaves  and  the  entire  plant 
has  a  violet  tinge."     It  is  sweet  and  pleasant  to  eat. 

12.  Bicane. — This  is  also  known  under  the  name 
of  Bulliat — a  very  fine  Grape,  having  large  roundish- 
ovate  berries  of  a  pure  white  colour,  almost  sweet  and 
pleasant. 

13.  Chavoush. — This  is  always  highly  spoken  of 
where  grown  in  the  East,  and  the  examples  sent  by 
Herr  Horvath  were  really  excellent,  the  berries  large, 
roundish-ovate,  clear-skinned,  highly  perfumed  ; 
nearly  equal  to  the  Muscat.  Why  is  it,  when  culti- 
vated in  this  country,  so  inferior? 

14.  Muscat  d'Andalousie. — This  variety  is  highly 
recommended,  its  only  fault  being  a  tendency  to 
grow  too  strong.  The  bunch  is  large,  well  set  ;  the 
berries  of  medium  size,  roundish-ovate,  of  a  dark 
reddish-purple.  Extremely  rich  and  high  flavoured, 
well  worthy  of  cultivation. 

15.  Muscat  Hamliurgh. — This  seems  to  succeed 
well  in  Hungary.  The  berries  were  almost  jet-black 
in  colour,  and  of  excellent  quality. 


ROOTS. 

{Concltulid from  f.  4S8.) 

Many  plants  flourish  in  an  open  soil  with  plenty  of 
sand  in  it,  but  will  not  grow  in  a  stiff  wet  soil.  This 
is  not  necessarily  because  the  heavier  soil  does  not 
contain  the  right  food  materiali,  but  because  its  par- 
ticles are  so  small,  so  closely  packed,  and  so  reten- 
tive of  moisture,  that  the  root-hairs  do  not  obtain 
sufficient  oxygen  :  moreover,  the  veiy  damp  state  of 
the  soil  does  not  favour  the  development  of  the 
numerous  root-hairs  necessary,  as  we  have  seen. 
Nor  is  this  all— though  I  cannot  here  enter  at  length 
into  this  point— root-hairs  and  roots  cannot  grow  or 
act  unless  the  temperature  is  favourable,  and  we  have 
plenty  of  evidence  to  show  that  a  close  wet  soil  may 
be  too  cold  for  the  roots  at  a  time  when  an  open  drier 
soil  (exposed  to  similar  conditions  as  regards  sunshine, 
&c. ),  would  be  of  a  temperature  favourable  to  their 
growth.  Many  a  pot-plant  receives  an  overdose 
of  water  because  it  is  drooping  from  the  roots, 
being  too  cold  to  act  properly.  The  opening  up  of 
stiffer  soils  by  means  of  the  spade  or  plough,  or  by 
the  addition  of  other  kinds  of  soil,  such  as  sand, 
burnt  lime,  &c.,  or  by  means  of  drainage  of  various 
kinds,  is  thus  to  be  regarded  as  a  means  of  letting 
in  air,  and  therefore  oxygen,  to  the  roots.  "  Sweeten- 
ing the  soil  "  is  an  expression  one  hears  used  by 
planters  and  others  :  this  is  often  no  doubt  their  way 
of  expressing  the  fact  that  the  air  thus  let  in  does  so 
much  to  turn  the  noxious  substances  which  have  accu- 
mulated into  other  substances  which  the  root-hairs  of 
the  plant  can  take  up  with  profit.  The  exposure  of 
certain  soils  to  sharp  winter  frosts  in  part  benefits  the 
plants  subsequently  grown  in  it,  because  air  can  make 
its  way  into  the  cracks  produced  as  the  particles 
crumble  :  there  are  other  advantages  also  due  to  the 
"weathering  "  of  soils,  of  course,  as  also  to  the  addi- 
tion of  lime,  &c.,  but  I  am  purposely  abstaining  from 
referring  to  points  concerning  the  nutrition  of  plants 
as  generally  understood. 

Let  me  shortly  call  your  attention  to  a  few  other 
practical  applications  of  the  knowledge  briefly  summed 


up  above.  It  is  well  known  that  a  good  deal  of  expe- 
rience has  been  brought  to  bear  on  the  question  of 
what  trees  are  the  best  to  plant  in  or  near  large 
towns  :  there  are  very  many  facts  to  be  considered. 
It  is  not  sufficient  to  find  a  tree  which  will  accommo- 
date itself  to  the  possibilities  of  the  annual  rainfall, 
or  a  diminished  supply  ef  sunlight  throughout  the 
year,  and  so  on  ;  nor  is  the  problem  solved  when  a 
tree  is  found  that  will  put  up  with  traces  of  acid  gases 
in  the  atmosphere,  and,  as  may  follow,  the  accumu- 
lation of  acids  in  the  soil,  and  consequent  alterations 
in  its  chemical  composition.  In  many  cases  trees 
have  been  found  to  die  as  they  grew  older  because  the 
pavement  or  asphalt  over  their  spreading  root-system 
prevented  proper  aeration  and  a  proper  supply  of 
aiirated  water  to  their  root-hairs  ;  imagine  the  effect 
of  a  few  days*  hot  summer  sunshine  on  roots  just 
beneath  the  pavement  of  an  exposed  street  1  It  is 
true  the  cover  may  prevent  rapid  evaporation,  but  it 
also  shelters  the  soil  from  the  well  aerated  raindrops  ; 
moreover,  such  sheltered  roots  will  at  certain  seasons 
grow  up  to  the  surface  of  the  soil  and  in  contact  with 
the  lower  surface  of  the  pavement.  Then  there  is  the 
question  of  drainage.  If  the  water  which  does  find 
its  way  in  slowly  accumulates  and  becomes  stagnant, 
the  results  are  as  disastrous  or  even  more  so  ;  yet  it  is 
obviously  a  difficult  matter  so  to  arrange  things  that 
the  accumulated  surplus  water  of  certain  seasons  shall 
pass  away  below,  acting  like  a  suction-pump  and 
drawing  in  air  after  it,  and  still  fulfil  the  other 
requirements  hinted  at  above.  I  leave  out  the  ques- 
tion of  exhaustion  of  the  soil — the  dead  leaves,  &c., 
being  carefully  removed.  Can  we  wonder  that  there 
are  so  few  trees  to  choose  from  that  will  stand  such 
treatment  ?  The  fact  that  there  are  some  only 
accords  with  what  has  been  already  stated — that 
plants  vary  in  their  requirements  and  powers  ;  and 
no  one  doubts  that  the  variations  have  been  influenced 
by  variations  in  the  environment. 

We  have  now  seen  to  a  certain  extent  how  varia- 
tions of  a  particular  kind  may  affect  a  plant.  The 
plant  responds  to  a  certain  extent  —  it  is,  as  some 
people  say,  "  plastic  "—but  if  the  limits  are  reached 
and  slightly  overstepped,  the  variations  00  the  part  of 
the  plant  become  dangerous  to  its  existence,  and  the 
plant  becomes  diseased  and  may  die. 

Not  to  dwell  upon  hypothetical  matters,  I  will 
content  myself  with  saying,  in  conclusion,  suppose  a 
variety  of  a  given  plant  grows  in  damp  places  and  has 
roots  which  form  few  or  no  root-hairs,  and  suppose  an 
individual  of  that  plant  to  become  transferred  to  a 
more  open  soil ;  I  have  shown  you  reasons  for  regard- 
ing it  as  probable  that  the  latter  individual  might 
produce  more  root-hairs  and  thus  adapt  itself  to  the 
altered  conditions.  If  such  a  case  happened,  it  is  by 
no  means  improbable,  but  the  contrary,  that  other 
circumstances  co-operating  or  adverse  would  decide 
certain  problems  of  importance  to  the  existence  of 
that  particular  individual. 

But  the  main  object  of  this  lecture  has  been  to  show 
you  how  very  complex  the  conditions  may  be  which 
bring  about  a  "diseased  "  condition  of  the  roots.  It 
is  no  uncommon  event  to  see  a  tree  flourish  for  years 
and  then  die  slowly  off  from  "something  at  the 
roots  ;  "  examination  shows  that  the  soil  still  contains 
the  necessary  foods,  the  water-supply  is  constant  and 
good,  the  tree  is  exposed  to  no  obvious  adverse  in- 
fluences, and  yet  with  steps  so  slow  that  they  are 
scarcely  noticeable,  the  tree  begins  to  die  off  before 
its  time.  In  some  cases  this  is  probably  because  the 
root-hairs  are  not  receiving  their  proper  supply  of  at- 
mospheric oxygen,  and  this  may  be  due  to  very  slight 
changes  in  the  structure  (not  the  chemical  compo- 
sition) of  the  soil  :  a  very  slight  diminution  in  the 
activity  of  the  root-hairs  may  cause  a  diminution  in 
the  supply  of  water  to  the  leaves  at  seasons  when  they 
require  much,  and  this  means  lessening  their  supply 
of  food-materials.  If  the  leaves  are  placed  on  short 
commons  they  cannot  form  wood,  and  so  the  next 
season's  supply  of  nutritive  solutions  may  be  cut 
short  ;  moreover,  fewer  root-hairs  will  be  formed. 
No  doubt  differences  will  appear  in  different  years  or 
seasons  ;  but  if  the  tendency  on  the  whole  is  in  the 
above  direction,  the  life  of  the  tree  is  already  limited 
— it  may  drag  on  for  years  as  an  object,  which  can 
scarcely  be  termed  a  tree,  however,  but  its  doom  is 
sealed. 

The  difficulty  of  placing  one's  hand  on  an  exactly 
illustrative  case  is  due  to  the  fact  that  other  causes  are 
usually  at  work  after  a  short  time.  I  have  purposely 
avoided  any  reference  to  the  changes  brought  about 
in  the  chemical  nature  of  a  soil  by  the  addition  or 


October  23,  1 886.1 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


523 


culling  off  of  air,  &c.  ;  and  /or  the  same  reason— to 
keep  your  attention  directed  to  the  root-hairs  as 
living  cells  exposed  to  the  influence  of  a  definite 
envir'anment— I  have  left  out  of  account  some  ques- 
tions of  food-supply.  These  matters  do  not  invalidate 
anything  said  above,  but  they  do  profoundly  r,fV;ct  the 
problems  of  the  diseases  of  plants,  and  especially  those 
diseases  which  start  from  the  roots.  H.  Marshall 
Wai-d,  M.A.,  F.L.S. 


MANURES. 

(Conllmicii  fifm  P-   139,  I'"'-  -r-i-:''-) 

The  character  of  the  soil  is,  as  is  well  known,  an 
important  element  to  be  taken  into  account  in  the 
choice  and  application  of  manures.  The  general 
d  ffsrence  between  strong  and  light  soils  may  be  taken 
to  be  that  the  former  contains  a  larger  store  of  the 
natural  elements  of  fertility,  though  for  the  most  part 
in  an  undeveloped  state,  while  from  an  excess  of  clay 
the  physical  property  of  letenliveness  and  its  con- 
sequent drawbacks  are  too  prominent;  while  light 
soils,  on  the  other  hand,  are  comparatively  deficient 
in  natural  resources,  and  by  reason  of  a  deficiency  of 
clay  possess  the  property  of  porosity  in  a  too  great 
degree,  and  hence  affjrd  a  too  ready  passage  for 
water,  and  other  bodies  necessary  to  vegetable 
gro*th. 

Clay  Soils. 

Oa  stiflf  clay  soils  we  have  all  the  derec:s  arising 
from  the  tenacious  and  plastic  properties  of  this  sub- 
stance, and  its  consequent  imperviousness  to  water, 
hence  the  fir^t  necessity  towards  the  improvement  of 
such  soils  must  be  drainage,  in  order  to  remove  the 
excess  of  water,  and  without  which  the  best  manures 
wdl  have  but  a  meagre  effect.  All  means  of  adding 
to  the  porosity  of  stiff  clay  soils  are  to  be  recommended 
— one  of  the  best  of  which  is  burning  in  heaps  with 
vegetable  refuse,  or  small  coal,  in  the  manner  "bal- 
last" is  burnt,  and  which  spread  over  the  surface  be- 
fore digging,  has  an  excellent  effect  in  lightening  the 
soil. 

It  is  on  these  descriptions  of  soil  that  a  thorough 
breaking  up  and  stirring  at  favourable  times  is  so 
beneficial,  particularly  before  frost,  which  does  more  for 
strong  clays  than  almost  anything  else.  In  fact,  culti- 
vation on  these  classes  of  soil  must  always  be  the 
primary  resource  for  advancing  their  fertility — but 
supplemented  of  course  by  a  judicious  selecliont  and 
application  of  manures. 

As  an  illusiiation  of  the  beneficial  eflicis  of  a 
thorough  breaking  up  of  moderately  stiff  soil  on  vege- 
table growth,  we  may  quote  an  experiment  conducted 
at  Rothamsted  many  years  ago  with  white  Turnips, 
on  three  plots  of  ground,  each  plot  being  manured  in 
exactly  the  same  way,  namely,  with  II  cwt.  of  super- 
phosphate per  acre. 

Explrimsitt  with  IVhile  Turirts. 


humus  compounds  arising  from  the  decay  of  the  vege- 
table matter  afford  an  abiorbent  for  moittute,  &c  ,  in 
the  same  manner  as  clay.  That  vegetable  matter  in 
a  readily  decomposable  state  is  a  valuable  form  of 
manure  is  shown  by  the  character  of  the  Wheat  crop 
following  a  Clover  lea,  Where  the  Clover  has  been 
successful,  the  Wheat  plant,  as  well  known  to  the 
agriculturist  generally,  corresponds,  and  via  versA. 
Dead  leaves  and  garden  refuse  of  all  crops  not  con- 
sumed as  food  should  therefore  be  carefully  returned 
to  the  land,  as  they  are  rich  in  manurial  elements  in 
the  best  possible  state  for  future  plant-life  when 
prepared  by  decay  in  soil. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  of  selected 
chemical  constilutents  in  some  cf  the  waste  products 
of  the  garden  :  — 

NamUr  of  I'oumis  !n  One  Ton  of  Emit,  Fresh. 


No.           Treatment  of  Land. 

Average 

Weight  of 

Bulbs. 

Produce 

of  Bulbs  per 

Acre. 

1  Dug  9  inches  deep  .. 

2  Dug  i3  inches  deep.. 

3  Ploughed  5  inches  deep     . . 

Lb. 

I  30 
1. 17 

Tons  cwt.  qr. 

13  8      = 

14  4      0 
II    13      3 

These  results  indicate  the  chiracler  of  the  soil-con- 
ditions required  in  root  culture,  and  show  a  more 
rapid  bulb-formation,  with  a  corresponding  increase 
of  crop  in  proportion  as  the  land  was  broken  up  and 
pulverised. 

Sandy  Soils. 

In  sandy  soils  we  find  all  the  defects  arising  from  an 
extreme  porosity,  or,  in  other  words,  an  absence  of 
retentiveness  consequent  on  the  paucity  or  absence  of 
clay,  which  is  the  chief  storehouse,  so  to  speak,  not 
only  of  the  moisture  of  the  soil,  but  also  of  plant-food, 
either  artificially  added  or  derived  from  natural  sources, 
and  from  which  the  root-fibrils  of  plants  draw  their 
supplies  as  required. 

The  retentiveness  of  such  soils  may  be  enhanced  by 
the  addition  of  clayey  composts,  and  by  green 
manuring. 

Green  Manuring 
is  often  an  excellent  source  cf  plant- food  in  the 
lighter  description  of  soil,  and  deserves  to  be  more 
extensively  adopted,  as  we  thereby  obtain  a  clear  gain 
of  nitrogen  from  natural  sources,  and  at  the  same 
time  gather  up  and  preserve  any  nitrates  present  in 
the  soil  in   a   staple   and  efficient   form  ;    while  the 


Potato  hauli! 
Cirrot  tops 
Parsnip  tops 
Turnip  Ie.-ivc 
Pea  haultn 
Artichoke,  si 
Onions,  stalks  and  leav 
Broccoli  leaves 
R  idish  tops  . . 
Beet  tops 
Rhubarb  leaves 


1.1  leaf  . 


24.0 
8-7 
69  4 


We  can  readily  understand  from  the  foregoing 
statistics  that  every  portion  of  a  plant,  whether  useful 
as  human  food  or  not,  removes  from  the  soil  a  given 
quantity  of  its  fertility,  and  therefore  impoverishes 
the  soil  of  so  much  plant-food. 

But  lest  these  remarks  respecting  green  manuring 
may  be  thought  to  be  at  variance  with  the  mixim 
that  we  should  nsrer  use  as  manure  what  can 
first  be  used  as  food,  it  may  be  added  that 
under  exceptional  circumstances,  as  in  the  case  of 
light  sandy  soils,  waste  vegetable  produce  may  be 
more  valuable  as  green  manure  than  as  food  for 
animals,  by  conducing  to  a  physicil  improvement  of 
the  soil,  and  consequently  to  a  higher  degree  of 
fertility. 

We  may  take  it  is  a  general  rule  not  to  burn  any 
re'use  that  will  rot  in  the  soil,  except  in  the  case  of 
foul  turf  infested  with  insects  or  seeding  weeds,  &c., 
since  by  so  doing  we  lose  the  nitrogen  and  organic 
matter,  besides  rendering  the  ash  constituents  less 
available  by  mineralising  them.  Sir  J.  B.  Livses  aid 
Professor  Gilbert  have  subjected  this  theory  to  a  most 
rigid  investigation  at  Rothamsted. 

The  ashes  of  14  tons  of  farmyard  manure  were 
applied  to  an  experimental  crop  of  Wheat,  and  gave 
no  increase  of  produce  whatever  over  an  adjoining 
plot  that  was  left  entirely  unmanured,  and  in  suc- 
ceeding years  the  ash  constituents  were  found  to  be 
but  very  slowly  available  as  plant  food. 

Besides  all  this,  able  chemists  have  demonstrated 
by  growing  plants  in  distilled  water,  that  to  produce 
a  good  crop  there  must  be  nitrogen  in  the  soil  or  in 
the  water.  They  have  dissolved  the  ashes  of  plants 
in  pure  water,  and  then,  by  adding  a  few  grains  of 
nitrogen  in  the  form  of  a  nitrate,  have  produced  a 
luxuriant  vegetation  ;  but  without  nitrogen  only  a 
very  feeble  growth  could  be  obtained. 

Weeds. 
The  field  experiments  at  Rothamsted  and  also  at 
Woburn  conclusively  prove  that  crops  of  every  descrip- 
tion grown  upon  ordinary  cultivated  land  are  greatly 
reduced  by  weeds.  It  is  true  that  weeds,  if  again 
returned  to  the  land,  do  not  exhaust  a  soil,  as,  in 
their  decay,  the  fertility  which  they  have  taken  up 
becomes  again  avaihble  ;  but  weeds  take  up  nitric 
acid,  which  during  their  growth  reverts  to  the  form 
of  organic  nitrogen.  When  this  occurs  in  regard  to 
soluble  plant  food  it  is  merely  so  much  nitric  acid 
employed  in  growing  weeds  instead  of  useful  garden 
produce,  and  this  nitric  acid  does  not  again  become 
available  as  food  of  plants  until  the  weeds  have  under- 
gone decay  in  the  soil  and  become  nitrified.  J.  J.  '/', 


TRADE    MEMORANDUM. 

J.  P.  William  &  Brothers,   Seedsmen,   Hene- 
ratgoda,  Ceylor. 


THE    STRAWBERRY. 

Who  can  say  anything  new  about  the  cultivation 
of  Strawberrries?     I  for  one  am  not  about  to  under- 
take to  detail   any  novel  system  ;  but  it  will  readily 
be  admitted  that  between  a  well  cultivated  quarter  of 
Strawberries  and  one  where  they  are  allowed  to  take 
care   of   themselves   the   difference   is    very   marked. 
How  often  do  you  see  in  gardens  a  bed  of  Strawberry 
plants   where    the    runners    have    been    allowed    to 
increase  and  multiply  until  no  traces  of  the  original 
rows  are  discernible  amid  the  mass  of  foliage  ?     Such 
a  bed  !is  this  is  treated  differently  according  to  the 
predominating  taste  of  the  owner,  or  rather  his  ideas 
of  culture.     On  one  occasion  I  observed  the  autumn 
treatment  of  such  a  bed  in  preparation  for  the  winter. 
The  procedure  was  this  :— A  line  being  stretched  on 
each  side  of  the  row,  a  spade  or  edging  iron  was  used 
to   cut  through  runners  and  roots,  the  next  process 
being  to  dig  between  the  rows,  leaving  the  soil  laid 
up  rough  for  the  winter.      This  operation  makes  a 
sad  havoc  of  the  roots,  and  cannot  be  but  permanently 
injurious  to  the  plants.     Even  if  this  were  not  so  the 
mass  of  runners  prevents  the  permanent  plants  from 
fully  developing  themselves  up  to  October,  and  after 
that  time,  when  the  beds  are  dug,   the  atmospheric 
conditions   are   not    sufficiently    favourable    for    the 
plants  to  recover.     In  some  cases  of  this  kind  the 
owner  of  the  bed  will  not  have  it  disturbed  at  all.  On 
one  occasion,  when  visiting  a  gardening  friend  who 
had  entered  a  new  situation,  he  told  me  his  employer 
drew  his  attention  to  a  Strawberry  bed  that  had  been 
planted  about  twenty  years,  and  the  instructions  were 
that  on  no  account  was  it  to  be  disturbed.     Any  one 
with   the    least  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  gar- 
dening ought  to  know  that  good  Strawberries  cannot 
be  produced  from  a  bed   that  had  been  left  undis- 
turbed for  twenty  years,  and  it  is  not  an  easy  matter 
to  instil  radical  principles  into  one  holding  such  con- 
servative views.     The  right  thing  for  a  gardener  to  do 
in  a  case  of  this  kind  is  to  avoid  argument,  and  at 
once  make  the  necessary  preparations  for  planting  a 
new  bed  in  another  part  of  the  garden.     It  would  be 
best  to  ask  permission  to  purchase  a  sufficient  number 
of  plants  of  the  best  varieties  at  present  in  cultivation, 
or  if  this  might  not  be  prudent  any  gardening  friend 
would  help  a  brother  under  such  conditions,  or  as  a 
last  resource  runners  could  be    taken  from  the  old 
bed,  but  they  would  be  weak,  and  most  likely  would 
take  a  year  to  recover. 

Strawberry  plants  may  be  put  out  in  the  open 
ground  whenever  they  can  be  obtained  ;  they  may  be 
planted  with  a  reasonable  prospect  of  success  at  any 
season  of  the  year,  but  a  very  long  experience  tells 
us  that  by  far  the  best  time  is  the  end  of  July  or  early 
in  August— that  is,  as  soon  as  the  runners  can  be 
obtained  by  layering  them  in  pots.  If  they  are 
obtained  at  that  lime  out  of  the  pots  I  would  suggest 
that  each  plant  be  carefully  potted  in  rich  light  soil, 
using  large  or  small  60-bized  pots.  If  strong  runners 
were  prepared  and  piloted  as  I  have  described  on 
ground  that  has  been  first  prepared  by  trenching  and 
manuring,  the  plants,  if  well  looked  after  subsequently, 
would  sustain  no  check  to  their  growth,  and  would 
bear  well  the  following  season,  when  a  comparison 
could  be  made  between  the  old  bed  and  the  one  not  a 
year  old.  The  bed  containing  the  young  plants 
would  produce  abundance  of  large  fruit,  and  good  in 
quality  ;  the  other  would  produce  a  small  crop,  poor 
in  appearance  and  quality.  In  case  the  plants  have 
to  be  propagated,  and  a  full  crop  of  fruit  obtained 
within  the  limited  space  of  eleven  months,  the  smallest 
cultural  details  are  of  importance,  and  it  is  by  omitting 
these  that  failure  results,  and  not  by  the  neglect  of 
any  fundamental  principles  of  the  art. 

I  have  been  tempted  to  write  on  this  subject 
by  the  numerous  complaints  that  have  reached  me 
of  the  failure  to  grow  a  seedling  Strawberry 
raised  by  me  some  fifteen  or  more  years  ago, 
named  Loxford  Hall  Seedling.  I  have  grown  good 
crops  of  this  variety  every  year  since  it  was  raised, 
and  last  season  it  carried  a  much  larger  crop  of  fruit 
in  our  garden  than  any  other,  and  we  grow  all  the 
most  approved  sorts.  Briefly  stated,  the  best  method 
to  adopt  to  obtain  a  good  crop  the  first  season  a'ter 
planting,  is  to  layer  the  runners  into  sma'l  pots  as 
soon  as  they  can  be  obtained,  using  to  two  parts  of 
good  loam  one  of  decayed  stable  manure.  We  use 
large  60  pots,  without  any  crocks  ;  over  the  hole  in 
the  bottom  of  each  pot  is  placed  a  layer  of  fibrous 
turf,  and  a  pinch  of  soot  to  keep  out  worms— this  is 
raore  especially  useful    for    those    plants    that    are 


524 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBF.R  23     1886. 


intended  to  be  cultivated  in  pots,  but  it  has  fertilising 
properties  as  is  shown  by  the  vigorous  healthy  con- 
dition of  the  roots  which  run  into  and  through  it. 
In  two  weeks  after  layering  the  young  plants  may  be 
cut  away  from  the  old  stool,  and  in  a  week  more 
they  may  be  planted  out.  It  is  a  wise  precaution  to 
examine  the  under-sides  of  the  leaves  before  planting 
them  out,  and  if  there  should  be  the  least  suspicion  of 
red-spider  it  may  be  destroyed  by  dipping  the  whole 
plant,  above  ground,  in  a  pail  of  water  to  which  has 
been  added  a  pint  of  nicotine  soap.  The  process  of 
dipping  is  this  :— Invert  the  plant,  holding  the  fingers 
over  the  surface-mould,  to  prevent  it  falling  into  the 
pail  ;  then  with  the  other  hand  move  the  leaves 
about  for  two  or  three  seconds  ;  lay  the  pot 
on  its  side,  to  allow  the  water  to  drain  off 
the  leaves.  The  preparation  of  the  plants 
being  completed,  the  bed  should  also  be  ready  in 
good  time  ;  this  is  prepared  by  trenching  it  at  least 
2  feet  deep.  In  the  bottom  of  the  trench  place  a  good 
layer  of  manure,  and  another  layer  about  9  inches 
below  the  surface.  I  like  to  have  the  ground 
trenched  at  least  two  months  before  planting  out  the 
young  runners  ;  they  take  more  readily  to  a  surface 
that  has  been  exposed  to  the  influence  of  sun  and 
rain  for  that  period.  In  our  light  sandy  soil  over 
dry  gravel  at  Loxford  Hall  I  grew  6rst-rate  Straw- 
berries by  treating  them  as  annuals.  The  plants 
were  put  out,  the  crop  of  fruit  was  gathered,  and  they 
were  cleared  off  the  ground  to  make  room  for  white 
Broccoli,  or  some  other  crop,  within  twelve  months  ; 
but  we  found  it  necessary  to  dig  out  a  hole  for  each 
plant  large  enough  to  contain  one  spadeful  of  good 
clayey  loam,  which  had  been  enriched  by  the  addition 
of  a  third  part  decayed  manure.  The  distance 
between  each  plant  was  2  feet,  but  for  such  dwarf- 
growing  sorts  as  Loxford  Hall  Seedling  20  inches  is 
enough.  At  the  time  of  planting  the  weather  is 
usually  very  dry  and  hot.  The  sun  in  this  country  is 
never  too  tropical  for  Strawberry  plants  ;  they  require, 
if  the  weather  is  dry,  water  two  or  three  times  a  week, 
until  they  are  fairly  established.  Under  these  con- 
ditions they  grow  rapidly,  and  once  every  week  all 
the  runners,  which  form  very'rapidly,  must  be  pinched 
off;  the  strength  of  the  plants  must  not  be  allowed  to 
become  exhausted  by  the  production  of  runners. 

We  may  also  6nd  some  profit  in  considering  the 
question  of  new  varieties,  and  the  best  varieties  to 
cultivate.  In  reference  to  the  first,  I  have  h.ad  a 
somewhat  similar  experience  with  new  Strawberries 
as  with  new  Grapes  ;  of  the  latter  I  have  fairly  tried 
during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  twenty  new  and 
highly  recommended  sorts,  and  have  at  last  fallen 
back  on  the  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria :  what  a  saving  it  would  have  been  if  we  had 
grown  no  others  from  the  first.  Conservative  prin- 
ciples would  have  been  worth  something  here,  but  ex- 
perience if  dearly  purchased  must  be  worth  something 
on  the  credit  side.  So  with  Strawberries  :  we  now 
force  nothing  but  Black  Prince  and  Keen's  Seedling. 
When  Pioneer  (Laxton)  was  sent  out  after  it  had 
been  certificated  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
it  was  purchased,  grown,  and  fruited  the  next  season 
in  pots  and  planted  out,  but  owing  to  its  inveterate 
tendency  to  mildew  it  was  a  failure  both  ways  from 
the  6rst.  Pauline  is  a  most  promising  variety  if 
planted  out  on  an  early  border,  but  it  cannot  be  recom- 
mended for  pot  culture.  We  shall  fruit  King  of  the 
Earlies  (Laxton)  and  Waterloo  (Veitch)  next  year  ; 
until  that  time  I  will  not  comment  further  upon  them. 
Between  these  early  kinds  and  Loxford  Hall  Seedling 
there  is  a  wide  space  to  be  filled  in  with  three  or  four 
distinct  and  good  varieties. 

I  find  on  referring  to  my  notes  that  Loxford  Hall 
Seedling  was  raised  in  1873,  by  crossing  Frogmore 
Late  Pine  with  a  variety  named  La  Constante  ;  we 
had  about  150  seedling  plants  that  year  :  many  of 
them  were  tried  and  found  wanting,  but  Loxford  Hall 
Seedling  was  most  prolific  both  out-of-doors  and  in 
pots.  It  requires  rich  deep  soil  to  grow  in,  and  will 
produce  a  larger  weight  of  fruit  from  a  given  space  of 
ground  than  any  other  variety  known  to  me.  Black 
Prince  is  an  excellent  variety  for  preserving  ;  every 
plant  is  laden  with  fruits  of  a  rich  dark  crimson,  and 
fairly  good  flavour.  Keen's  Seedling  is  still  one  of 
the  best  sorts  for  flavour,  size,  and  productiveness. 
President  succeeds  well  in  light  and  heavy  soils,  and 
is  a  grand  variety.  Sir  Charles  Napier  is  still  one  of 
the  very  best  culinary  sorts  ;  a  most  abundant  bearer  ; 
its  peculiar  sub. acid  flavour  is  esteemed  by  some  ; 
and  the  handsome  bright  scarlet  fruits,  of  good  form, 
make  up  a  good  dith.     British  Queen,  or  Mr.  Rad- 


cliffe,  as  we  have  always  grown  them,  are  grand  ; 
they  do  not  differ  much,  and  should  be  grown  in 
every  garden.  Sir  Joseph  Paxton  does  not  succeed 
on  light  soils,  but  it  is  a  grand  variety  where  it  can  be 
grown;  it  is  liable  to  mildew.  Frogmore  Lite  Pine 
is  a  handsome  variety  ;  the  fruit  is  large  in  size,  and 
of  a  rich  Pine  flavour.   J.  DoHglas, 


BROCCOLI. 


The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  103)  was  en- 
graved from  a  photograph  furnished  by  the  grower,  Mr. 
H.  Little,  gardener  at  Bustard  Hall,  who  cut  the  head 
on  Junes,  the  weight  being 4 J  lb.  The  variety  is  Lead- 
sham  Late  White,  one  of  the  latest  of  all  Broccolis,  and 
one  that  quite  fills  up  the  gap  that  used  to  exist  after 
the  Last  of  them  was  cut,  and  before  early  supplies 
of  Cauliflowers  came  into  use. 

The  Leadsham  is  a  very  hardy  kind,  standing  frost 
and  wet  with  impunity— no  mean  merit,  when  we  see 
the  destruction  a  sharp  winter  causes  amongst  Broc- 
colis generally— and  that,  notwithstanding  the  plants 
may  have  been  heeled-in  in  the  most  approved  fashion. 

As  a  precaution  against  injury  from  frost,  we  think 
if  the  plants  be  laid-in  in  rows  it  would  be  of  great 
advantage  to  put  down  a  row  of  hurdles  at  every  third 
space,  so  that  the  plants  would  be  sheltered  from  the 


probably  for  their  exact  length  upon  the  aspects  of  the 
prevailing  seasons.  A  prolonged  drought  in  India  is 
often  accompanied  by  the  flowering  of  the  common 
Bamboo,  and  on  this  account  the  natives  associate  the 
two  phenomena  in  a  manner  which  is  emphasized  by 
the  fact  that  the  Bamboo  grain  during  seasons  of 
drought  has  provided  them  with  the  only  available 
means  of  support.  In  the  winter  of  i884.-85  all  the 
Chusquea  throughout  the  mountains  of  Jamaica  was 
noticed  in  flower.  It  began  to  shed  its  leaves,  to 
assume  a  dull  rusty  colour,  and  break  out  into 
abundant  flower-spikes.  The  flowering  glumes  were 
of  purple  colour,  and  the  stamens,  rather  large,  were 
bright  yellow.  When  the  seed  was  set  the  stem  began 
to  die  down,  and  apparently  every  plant  in  the  island 
died,  root  and  all.  It  is  remarkable  that  this  simul- 
taneous act  of  flowering  of  the  wild  plants — which,  it 
must  be  remembered,  is  not  of  annual  or  biennial 
occurrence — extended  also  to  the  plants  at  Kew  ;  in 
fact,  both  the  wild  plants  at  Jamaica  and  the  culti- 
vated plants  at  Ivew  (although  the  latter  were  under 
such  very  different  conditions),  were  in  flower  at  the 
same  time. 

Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  referring  to  the  Kew  plants, 
remarks  : — "  In  December  last  they  burst  into  flower, 
causing  me  to  fear  that,  after  the  manner  of  so  many 
species  of  this  most  remarkable  tribe  of  grasses  to 
which  they  belong,  they  may  not  survive  the  flowering 
period."  The  Ivew  plants  died  exactly  as  the  wild 
plants. 

On  the  wild  plants  an  abundant  crop  of  seed  was 


Fig,    103. — LEADSHAM    BROCCOLI, 


sun  during  those  sudden  bursts  experienced  in  winter 
time,  and  which  cause  thawing  of  the  tissues,  and 
hence  the  destruction  of  the  plants. 


CHUSQUEA    ABIETIFOLIA. 

Tins  attractive  member  of  the  tribe  Bambusea;  is 
little  known  out  of  Jamaica,  where,  as  a  tall,  graceful 
climber,  it  is  confined  to  the  mountainous  interior  of 
the  island.  From  a  plant  sent  to  Kew  in  1SS2, 
which  flowered  in  December,  1SS4,  there  is  given  a 
plate  and  description  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t. 
6S11,  which  entirely  supersedes  the  formerly  inaccu- 
rate description  by|Grisebach  {Flor,  Brit.  West  Indies, 
p.  529). 

In  its  natural  state  this  Chusquea  grows  with  long 
slender  stems,  smooth,  round,  and  wiry,  seldom  more 
than  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The  leafy 
branches  are  arranged  in  whorls  at  the  nodes  of  the 
main  stem,  and  have  leaves,  arranged  alternately, 
from  six  to  nine  in  number.  The  leaves  are  about 
\\  inch  long,  and  about  one  eighth  of  an  inch  in 
breadth.  The  whole  habit  of  the  plant  is  light  and 
graceful,  and  when,  as  is  often  the  case,  it  hangs  in 
long  festoons,  or  in  large  curtain-like  m.asses  from  the 
branches  of  tall  trees,  it  gives  the  mountaiii  woods  of 
Jamaica  a  soft  feathery  appearance,  which  is  in 
marked  contrast  to  the  usual  character  of  alpine 
growths. 

The  flowering  of  this  plant  appears  to  take  place, 
as  in  most  Bambuseae,  at  long  intervals,  depending 


produced,  and  at  the  present  time  the  ground  in  the 
forest  where  the  Chusquea  grew  is  covered  with 
millions  of  seedlings,  and  in  due  time  these  will  take 
the  place  of  the  former  generation. 

It  is  hoped  that  a  fresh  lot  of  plants  will  be  intro- 
duced at  Kew,  and  that  this  very  interesting,  no  less 
than  attractive,  species  will  become  as  well  known  in 
European  gardens  as  it  deserves.  D.  Morris,  Assistant 
Director,  Royal  Gardens,  Kno,  October  12. 


CATTLEYA    CALUMMATA  x . 

This  pretty  Cattleya,  raised  by  M.  Bleu,  of  Paris, 
between  C.  Acklandise  and  C.  intermedia  amethystina, 
is  a  worthy  addition  to  the  compact-growing,  large- 
flowered  section  to  which  it  belongs  ;  indeed,  with 
it,  as  with  most  other  garden  hybrid  Orchids,  it 
seems  to  be  even  freer  flowering  than  the  imported 
species.  Our  illustration  (fig.  104),  taken  from  a 
photograph  by  Mr.  Herbert  Measures,  of  a  plant  in  the 
collection  of  R..  H.  Measures,  Esq.,  and  which  is  one- 
half  natural  size,  gives  a  good  idea  of  the  plant,  and 
also  of  the  habit  of  growth.  The  flowers,  which  are  of 
good  substance,  have  sepals  and  petals  of  that  delicate 
blush-pink  seen  in  C.  amethystoglossa,  blotched 
with  violet  or  purple,  and  the  lip  is  reddish-violet  in 
the  centre,  fading  off  to  rose  towards  the  edge. 
Some  misapprehension  seems  to  exist  about  the  name, 
for  even  by  good  authorities  we  have  seen  it  spelt 
"calumniata"  and  "calumnata,"  but  that  given 
above  is  the  correct  name,  given  to  the  plant  because 


October  23,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


525 


of  the    resemblance  of   the   middle  portion  of  the 

labellum  to  a  lady's  ruff,  collar,  or  chemisette.  The 
plant  was  distributed  by  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co., 
of  St.  Alban's,  in  1S84,  they  having  purchased  the 
stock  of  M.  Bleu.  [The  name  seems  to  have  been 
derived  from  the  Greek  kahimma  —  \iCiQ^  ;  but  we 
much  fear  that  a  head-master  would  "swish"  a  boy 
who  made  such  an  adjective  out  of  a  Greek  noun, 
and  we  are  sure  that  the  name  offends  against 
botanical  canons,  by  mixing  up  Latin  and  Greek, 
and  specially  by  giving  a  pseudo-classical  name  to  a 
plant  of  artificial  origin.   Ed,] 


ship  of  the  olden  times,  which  consisted  largely  of 
titles  and  statements  set  up  for  the  mere  pleasure  of 
knocking  them  down  again.  But  then,  possibly,  I 
belong  to  a  very  numerous  class  of  people,  rather 
severely  described  by  Charles  Lamb  as  never  under- 
standing a  jike  until  explained  to  them.  Of  course 
very  much  depends  on  the  character  of  the  joke.  But 
after  carefully  reading  "  T.  W.  G.'s "  facetious 
column  I  turned  for  explanation  to  pp.  429,  430,  and 
was  more  puzzled  than  ever.  Can  it  be  that  there  is 
some  distant  or  close  correlation  between  your  corre- 
spondent   and     the    man    distraught,    with     "  wild 


it  might  not  be  better  for  the  Teas  and  more  just  to 
other  classes  of  Roses,  if  the  Teas  were  shown  by 
themselves,  and  you  are  dubbed  as  men  distraught, 
and  as  advocating  the  expulsion  of  Teas.  I  venture 
to  sugi^est  that  the  mixing  of  Teas  with  other  Roses 
introduces  a  distractmg  and  disturbing  element  into 
the  judging  of  larger  collections,  and  this  one  refer- 
ence to  distinction  in  an  article  of  two  columns  fur- 
nishes your  correspondent  with  a  hobby-horse  on 
which  to  canter  through  openly  each  of  his  para- 
graphs. The  idea  of  any  distractions  through  any 
conQicting  clamour  of  distinct  classes  of   Roses  is 


•Si" 


Fig.  104.— cattleya  calummata.    (see  p.  524.) 


EXEUNT  TEAS. 
"T.  W.  G."  is  to  be  congratulated  on  his  success 
as  a  humourist,  as  it  is  seldom  that  your  readers 
are  favoured  with  such  a  column  of  banter  as  may  be 
found  on  p.  467.  Wei),  well,  banter  breaks  no  bones 
and  veiy  few  hearts,  and  a  little  risibility  at  one's 
expense  may  prove  a  capital  offset  to  the  darkness  that 
may  be  felt  at  the  agricultural  depression  that  broods 
like  a  nightmare  over  rural  life  in  so  many  parts  of 
England  at  the  present'momenf.  Besides,  it  is  well  at 
times  to  have  a  sample  of  the  intellectual  gladiator- 


4B(3  wandering  eye  "  espied  among  the  phalanx  of 
judges  at  South  Kensington  last  July  ?  If  so, 
the  less  said  about  it  the  better  just  now  when 
so  many  distinguished  personages,  political  and 
other,  are  missing.  Talk  about  too  many  cooks 
spoiling  the  broth  !— but  that  is  hardly  worth  men- 
tioning contrasted  with  the  awful  number  of  show 
Roses— Teas  or  others— that  are  stood  over  or  sat  upon 
by  a  phalanx  of  judges.  Phalanxes  and  societies  are 
rather  prone  to  slide  into  the  easy  phdosophy  tersely 
de6ned  in  the  phrase  that  "  Whatever  is— is  right." 
Let  any  one  suggest  change — hint  at  improvement — 
no  weapons  of  banter,  ridicule,  misrepresentation, 
can  be  too  sharp  to  silence,  hunt  down,  or  crush 
him.  Express  a  doubt  whether  Rose  showing  ought 
to  be  the  be-atl  and  the  end-all  of  Rose  culture,  and 


evidently  quite  new  to  him,  as  indeed  might  have 
been  expected.  For  every  one  of  the  phalanx — of 
course  the  mass  as  against  one  would  carry  all  such 
matters  with  a  rush — have  little  or  no  room  for  indi- 
vidual differences  of  opinion. 

And  as  to  "  c-iv«;.'/ Teas,"  the  whole  tenor  of  my 
articles  went  to  show  that  Tea  Roses  are  too  good  to 
compete  with  any  other  class  but  their  own,  and  it 
would  be  as  logical  to  write  *^  exeunt  hunters"  over 
an  agricultural  exhibition  because  these  were  not 
allowed  to  compete  with  carthorses,  as  "exeunt  Teas  " 
anent  an  article  advocating  that  Teas  should  only 
compete  with  their  peers.  For  just  as  it  would  be  scant 
honour  and  little  proof  of  special  merit  for  racers  or 
hunters  to  win  1st  honours  in  an  open  class  for  horses, 
so  it  would  be  a  lower  degree  of  honour  to  perpetuals 


526 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OctOEEk   2j.    l8S6. 


to  be  carried  to  the  front  on  the  backs  of  Teas.  By 
separating  the  classes  a  useful  stimulus  is  given  to  ihe 
development  of  the  special  merits  of  each.  Neither 
with  the  rapid  increase  and  improvement  of  Teas 
would  there  be  much  difiiculty  ia  filling  the  larj^er 
classes  were  this  desirable,  which  many  might  be  dis- 
posed to  doubt.  Few  practical  rosarians,  however, 
can  have  any  doubt  that  the  class  competition  of  Roses 
would  prove  the  likeliest  method  of  making  the  best 
Roses  yet  better — that  i?,  improving  the  quality  of 
each  class,  and  also  increasing  their  numbers. 

As  to  Rose  shows  out  of  season,  and  other  matters 
galloped  over  on  your  correspondent's  hobby-horse, 
it  seems  needful  to  remind  such  writers  that  there 
are  other  and  more  natural  and  enjoyable  modes 
and  places  for  looking  at  Roses  than  through 
the  mere  show  spectacles  of  exhibitors,  jurors,  and 
societies — all  more  or  less  bent  on  making  Roses  pay 
their  way.  This  is  all  very  well  so  long  as  Rose 
showing  is  not  valued  merely  for  its  profits  or  honours, 
or  spectacular  effect,  but  for  the  stimulus  it  affords  to 
the  higher  culture,  fuller  fragrance,  and  more  durable 
beauty  of  the  Rose  in  the  garden. 

It  may  suit  "T.  W.  G."  and  others  to  crowd  the 
beauty  of  the  Rose  into  the  three  or,  at  the  most,  six 
weeks  in  the  latter  end  of  June  and  the  beginning 
of  July.  Thus  seizing  the  Rose  season  at  the  fiood, 
they  may  reap  such  fortunes  as  Rose  showing  at  fever 
heat  may  afford  ;  and  it  is  small  marvel  that,  jaded 
and  wearied  with  the  excitement,  they  welcome  this 
new  love  of  Dahlias  and  Gladiolus  ;  or,  when  show- 
ing ceases,  they  rush  out  of  their  gardens  to  the  sea  or 
the  North.  But  far  different  is  the  feeling  and  the 
practice  of  the  true  lover  of  the  Rose  ;  he  is  so 
enamoured  of  her  charms  that  he  wishes  to  sit  at 
Queen  Rose's  feet  all  the  year  round  ;  hence  his 
advocacy  of  Rose  shows  out  of  season,  as  likely  to 
create  and  multiply  ever-blooming  varieties  and  of  warm 
walls  and  greenhouses  to  shelter  them,  and  of  hothouses 
to  force  them,  so  that  in  the  future  each  month  and  each 
day  of  the  month  may  be  garlanded  with  the  beauty, 
and  sweetened  and  errlched  by  the  fragrance  of 
Roses. 

Past  experience  justifies  such  glowing  prospects  in 
the  near  future.  The  possibilities  and  power  of  the 
Rose  are  by  no  means  exhausted  ;  and,  notwithstand- 
ing the  banter  and  rebuffs  our  suggestions  towards 
improvement  have  been  received  by  *'T.  W.  G,,"  we 
venture  to  summon  the  National  Rose  Society  to 
higher,  be'ter  work,  than  the  holding  of  a  few  great 
shows  in  the  Rose  season —because  they  pay.  II 
the  latter  only  is  taken  into  account,  what  do  sub- 
scribers pay  their  guineas  and  half-guineas  for  ?  This 
Society  ought  to  be  firit  in  any  good  work  among 
Roses  ;  and  one  of  those  most  needed  at  the  present 
time  is  the  multiplication  and  classification  of  ever- 
blooming  Roses,  Teas  or  others.  And  then  great 
help  would  be  given  to  Rose  culture  could  remedies 
be  discovered,  tested,  and  published  in  the  Ycir 
Book,  or  through  niher  channels,  for  mildew,  red-rust, 
the  influence  of  different  stocks  on  the  constitution, 
hardine  s,  and  longevity  of  Roses  ;  also  upon  growth 
and  florilerousness,  earhness,  lateness,  or  continuity  of 
blooming  ;  worked  Roses  versus  own  root  one3,  in 
their  relation  to  the  size,  colour,  substance,  and 
staying  properties  of  their  blooms  ;  effects  of  different 
raanuies  and  other  products,  on  Rose  plants  ;  the 
future  of  Tea  Roses  in  relation  to  other  clauses,  &c. 

Surely  these  and  such-like  subjects  are  far  more 
worthy  the  attention  of  the  National  Rose  Society 
than  the  holdmg  of  a  few  monster  ^^hows  in  different 
centres,  and  the  distribution  of  liberal  money  and 
cup  prizes — in  which  matters  they  have  now  almost 
any  number  of  successful  competitors.  These  things 
the  Naiional  Rose  Society  ought  to  have  done,  and 
not  leave  the  weightier  matters,  relating  to  the 
improved  healib,  enhanced  beauty,  and  ever-blooming 
possibilities  of  the  Rose,  undone.  D.  T.  F. 


|«i,id  I 


otes  and  f  Uamngs. 


CATTLEYA  MEASURES!!,  w.  kyb.  naf.  1 
Mr.  J.  O'Brien  has  kindly  sent  me  a  good  flower, 
and  a  photograph  of  the  plant  possessed  by  Mr. 
R.  H.  Measures,  Woodlands,  Streatham,  imported 
by  Mr.  F.  Sander.  The  plant  forms  a  dense  mass. 
Well  compared  by  Mr.  J.  O'Brien  with  Cattleya 
calummata.  Unluckily  I  have  no  scale  with  which 
to  judge  the  dimensions.  At  all  events,  the  bulbs 
appear  longer  and  much  more  swollen  than  those 
of  Cattleya  Aclandise.  There  are  nearly  always 
two  leaves  to  each  bulb,  and  the  wonderfully  de- 
veloped roots  confer  full  honour  to  their  grower,  Mr, 
J,   Salter.      The  flower  is  equal  to  that  of  a  good 


Cattleya  Aclandi^e.  It  has  its  texture  and  its  sheen, 
and  its  general  outline.  Sepals  and  petals  liguhte 
acute,  petals  a  little  undulate,  reddish-brown,  self- 
culoured.  The  side  lacinice  of  the  lip  form  a  blunt 
angle,  bearing  a  small  point  in  the  middle,  involved 
at  superior  part  ;  isthmus  nearly  none,  anterior  blade 
nearly  heart- shaped,  emarginalc  in  front.  There 
are  indications  of  three  almost  obscure  keels  on  the 
disc  between  the  side  lacin'x.  The  whole  colour  is 
light  whiiish-rosc.  Column  narrower  than  in  C. 
Aclandioe,  purple  at  top,  rose  at  the  base.  And  the 
parents?  No  doubt  C.  Aclandiaeis  in  the  play.  Mr. 
J.  O'Brien  thinks  of  C.  Walteriana.    //.  G.  J<(hb.  f. 

Cypripedium  porphyreum,  Rchb.  /. 
Mr.  Drewett  O.  Drewett,  Riding  Mill-on-Tyne, 
has  raised  a  fresh  stock  of  this,  bearing  narrower 
bracts  and  shorter  petals,  just  as  they  were  in  the 
first  flowers  sent  by  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  Si  Son?,  though 
later  other  plants  proved  to  have  longer  petals.  It 
might,  therefore,  be  better  to  keep  the  plants  of  Mr. 
Drewett  O.  Drewett  as  Cypripedium  porphyreum, 
Mr.  Drewett's  variety.  H,  G,  Rchb.  J. 

Cypripedium  cardinale  x,  Rchb.  f. 
Mr.  Drewett  O.  Drewett,  Riding  Mill-on-Tyne,  has 
raised  a  fine  stock  of  this,  several  flowers  giving  evidence 
of  the  great  variety  of  individuals.  This  is  very  often 
the  case  in  hybrids,  so  much  that  an  accurate  diagnosis 
is  often  impossible.  Amateurs  might  keep  this  in 
memory  and  not  get  offended,  if  a  published  repre- 
sentation does  not  quite  agree  with  the  original 
description.  The  flowers  of  our  plant  look  rather 
boli  by  their  neatly  spread  petals.  To  my  taste  the 
finest  are  those,  which  have  the  involved  parts  of 
the  lip  on  each  side  of  the  mouth  with  red  stripes 
on  white  ground.  The  first  flowers,  sent  in 
September,  1S82,  by  Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  had  their 
spots,  now  and  then  in  rows.  It  might  perhaps  be 
safer  to  keep  those  first  Cardinals  apart.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f^ 

Masdevallia  acrochordonia,  Rchb.  f. 
At  last  this  fine  plant  has  flowered.  I  have  at 
hand  a  flower,  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  James 
O'Brien,  of  a  plant  imported  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  and 
grown  in  the  garden  of  Sydney  Courtauld,  Esq  , 
Bocking  Place,  I^raintree.  It  is  very  easily  distin- 
guished from  Masdevallia  ephippium  (TrochiUis)  by  its 
narrower  lateral  sepals,  which  have  not  so  boldly 
inflated  cheeks  as  in  that  one.  The  petals,  which 
are  retuse  and  lobed  or  bidentate  in  Masdevallia 
ephippium,  are  acuminate  in  this,  and  the  spreading 
angle  at  base  is  very  strong  in  our  plant,  scarcely 
indigitated  in  Masdevallia  ephippium.  I  feel  sur- 
prised that  the  keels  and  warts  inside  lateral  sepals 
are  not  well  developed.  Yet  the  flower  would  appear 
to  be  the  debut  of  the  plant,  that,  no  doubt,  will 
improve  considerably.  If  I  ana  entitled  to  judge 
from  herbarium  materials  I  might  say  Masdevallias 
were  such  Orchids  which  beat  their  wild  sisters  when 
well  treated  in  our  conservatories.   H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


TENDER  PLANTS. 
It  is  not  safe  to  risk  out-of-:ioors  any  plants  which 
it  is  desirable  to  preserve  for  another  season,  and  any 
which  it  is  intended  to  preserve  should  be  lifted  and 
potted  forthwith.  Where  it  is  found  desirable  to  lift 
silver,  bronze,  or  tricolor  Pelargoniums,  lift  them 
carefully  with  a  fork  or  spade,  and  avoid  straining 
their  roots.  Trim  oft"  some  of  the  strongest  roots, 
and  remove  some  of  the  foliage,  leaving  the  leaf- 
stalk until  they  drop  off  of  their  own  accord.  Pot 
singly  in  4-inch  pots,  and  give  no  water  ;  they  will 
win'er  in  a  dormant  state,  and,  if  necessary,  can  be 
pushed  forward  in  heat  to  supply  cuttings  in  spring. 
Where  early  bloom  is  desirable,  a  large  proportion  of 
the  Pelargoniums  should  be  lifted  from  the  beds  and 
similarly  treated.  They  will  flower  more  profusely 
than  autumn-struck  cuttings,  and  can  be  wintered 
with  very  little  trouble  or  loss.  Dryness  at  the  root 
during  winter  will  be  found  the  best  means  to  pursue 
of  preserving  them  in  good  order,  and  they  may  be 
packed  closely  together  in  boxes.  Remove  a  large 
proportion  of  their  foliage.  They  can  be  potted  in 
the  spring  into  4  or  5  inch  pots,   and   placed  in  a 


vinery  or  Peach-house  at  work.  Where  convenient, 
this  will  be  found  a  good  system  to  carry  out.  Carpel- 
beds  have  lost  none  of  their  effectiveness,  notwith- 
standing the  boisterous  weather  we  have  experienced 
duringthelast  ten  days.  Although  the  weather  has  been 
rough  the  temperature  has  ruled  high  for  the  season, 
All  plants  which  have  been  rooted  in  boxes  out-of- 
doors  should  now  be  placed  under  a  glass  shelter  of 
some  kind  until  such  time  as  they  can  be  placed 
in  their  winter  quarters,  which  may  not  be  conve- 
nient just  yet.  Dahlias  may  be  kept  gay  for  some 
time  to  come  by  picking  off  the  decayed  seed-pods 
and  overblown  flowers. 

Hardy  Flowers. 
Chrysanthemums  against  walls  or  other  shelters 
should  be  securely  fastened  to  keep  them  from  getting 
damaged  by  wind.  They  will  materially  assist  the 
cut  flower  supply  at  this,  the  worst  season  of  the  year 
for  flowers.  Violets  in  pits  should  now  have  the 
sashes  put  over  them  every  night,  but  they  should 
be  tilted  slightly  to  prevent  a  stagnant  atmosphere 
and  the  accumulation  of  moisture.  Pick  off  all 
runners  as  they  appear,  and  all  decayed  foliage. 
I\eraove  the  sashes  off  the  pits  during  dry  weather, 
but  replace  them  immediately  it  commences  to 
rain,  but  never  replace  them  unless  it  freezes. 

Alpine  Plants. 

Those  in  pots  should  now  be  secured  from  excess 
of  moisture,  but  they  should  receive  all  the  air  possible 
to  maintain  them  in  a  robust  state  to  meet  the 
winter.  See  that  none  of  the  pots  are  standing  under 
drip.  These  interesting  subjects  may  be  made  to 
play  a  prominent  feature,  even  in  winter  quarteri,  if  a 
little  rockwork  can  be  introduced  into  the  pit,  as 
many  of  them  are  evergreen,  and  show  well  amongst 
lime  or  sandstone  rocks. 

Auriculas  in  pots  must  have  careful  attention  in  the 
application  of  water  ;  they  should  never  be  watered 
until  they  really  require  it  ;  then  give  sufficient  to 
moisten  the  whole  ball  thoroughly.  See  that  aphides 
do  not  obtain  a  lodgment  in  the  young  leaves  ;  fumi- 
gate on  the  first  appearance  of  the  insects.  Bloxham's 
new  patent  fumigator  supplies  a  ready  means  of  deal- 
ing with  individual  plants.  A  few  pufts  from  this 
ingenious  contrivance  completely  destroys  the  enemy, 
and  saves  much  Tobacco.  By  using  it  the  dry  atmo- 
sphere produced  by  filling  a  whole  house  with  Tobacco 
fumes  is  dispensed  with.  W.  M.  Baillie^  Luton  Hoo 
Gardens, 


JhE    'pRCHID     j4oUPE3. 


MISCELLANEOUS  ORCHIDS. 
If  I  had  but  one  house  in  which  to  grow  Orchids, 
and  desired  to  collect  the  greatest  number  of  species 
and  varieties  that  would  thrive  under  the  same  con- 
ditions, I  should  decide  to  have  what  is  termed  here 
the  Lycaste-house,  which  has  a  temperature  inter- 
mediate between  that  of  the  Cattleya  and  the  cool 
Odontoglossum  houses,  but  in  which  the  atmosphere 
is  quite  as  moist  as  in  the  latter.  The  fire-heat  is 
kept  going  a  little  longer  in  spring  than  is  requisite  in 
cool  houses.  During  summer  the  valves  of  the  flow- 
pipe  are  turned  off,  leaving  those  in  the  return  open  ; 
and  being  connected  with  warm  houses  the  water  cir- 
culates a  little  in  the  pipes.  When  it  is  necessary  to 
drive  ih:  fires  a  little,  the  bottom  ventilators  are 
kept  open  more  or  less  from  early  morning  till  late  in 
the  evening,  while  the  temperature  keeps  at  58" 
to  60°,  and  are  left  open  all  night  and  during 
the  day  when  the  weather  is  warm.  The  top 
ventilators  are  used  when  the  temperature  rises  over 
62°.  The  same  kind  of  shading  is  used  as  for 
Cattleyas.  From  now  until  spring  I  like  to  see  the 
night  temperature  about  55°,  never  below  50"^-  ^^ 
may  be  of  use  to  some  if  I  mention  several  Orchids 
that  grow  in  this  house  which  are  often  treated  to 
more  or  less  heat  : — Lycastes,  Sobralias,  Dendrobium 
Falconeri,  D.  F.  giganteum,  Cymbidium  Hooker- 
ianum,  C.  Lowianum,  C.  giganteum,  C.  devonianum, 
C.  Mastersii,  C.  sinensis;  Epidendrum  vitellinum 
majus,  E.  erectum,  E.  variegatum,  E.  Frederici 
Guilielmi,  E.  prismatocarpum,  E.  sceptrum,  E. 
criniferum ;  Oncidium  incurvum,  O.  ornithorhyn- 
chum,  O.  cheirophorum,  O.  pumilum,  O.  aurosum, 
O.  tigrinum,  O.  zebrinum,  O.  varicosum,  O.  War- 
nerianum,  O.  Wentworthianum.  Trichopilias  and 
Pilumnas  grow  best  with  us  in  this  temperature  ;  also 


October  23,  188S.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


S^l 


Anguloa  Clowesii,  A.  cburneum,  A,  Ruckeri,  A.  R. 
sanguineum,  A.  reniflora.  These  last  do  best  in 
Ihis  house  through  the  growing  season,  and  a  little 
warmer  and  drier  when  at  rest.  A  plant  of 
Ccelogyne  cristata  was  kept  in  this  house  for  two  years, 
but  did  not  flower  so  freely  as  those  grown  in  the 
Catlieya  or  Dendrobium-house.  Among  other  plants 
are  Coelogyne  barbata,  Trichosma  suavis,  OJonto- 
gtossum  grande,  O.  Insleayi  and  vars.,  O.  Oersted!, 
O.  Krameri,  O.  bictonense,  O.  Uro-Skinneri, 
O.  coronarium  ;  Cypripedium  Scblimi,  C.  pur- 
puralum,  C.  venustum,  C.  insigne  ;  Phaius  Blumei, 
P.  Wallichii,  P.  grandiflora  ;  Bletia  hyacinlhina, 
Maxiliaria  Sanderiana  ;  M.  grandiflora  ;  Zygopetalum 
crinilum,  Z.  Mackayi,  Z.  Clayii ;  Cattleya  citrina, 
&c.  There  are  many  other  Orchids  which  I  believe 
would  grow  in  ihis  bouse  if  placed  in  diffiirent  posi- 
tions, such  as  Cattleya  Trianpe,  C.  Percivaiiana, 
Odontoglossum  vexiilatium,  O.  ciispum,  &c. 

General  Directions. 

All  shading  can  now  be  removed,  and  advantage 
taken  of  dry  days  to  stow  away  blinds.  Mr.  B.  S. 
Wiliams'  **  Eureka  "  is  a  very  convenient  shading  for 
many  Orchids,  as  it  can  be  made  thinner  as  the  season 
advances  by  drawing  a  hair-broom  over  the  glass  when 
rain  is  falling.  I  do  not  think  that  leaving  blinds  on 
to  let  down  at  night  through  the  winter  pays  for  the 
trouble.  My  experience  is  that  in  very  severe  weather  it 
often  reverses  the  day  and  night  temperatures,  or  at  any 
rate  causes  the  latter  to  rise  too  much.  What  little  sun- 
heat  we  get  now  will  do  good  in  all  the  houses  ;  any 
recently  potted  or  tender  plants  that  cannot  be  placed 
in  a  shady  corner,  may  require  a  little  temporary 
shading,  such  as  a  piece  of  light  paper  laid  over 
them.  The  position  in  which  cool  houses  are  placed 
will  make  some  weeks  difference  in  the  time  when 
shading  can  be  dispensed  wiih.  I  think  the  safest  way 
to  prepare  warm  Orchids  to  withstand  the  winter  is  to 
induce  them  to  finish  their  growth  instead  of  lowering 
the  temperature  too  early  in  the  autumn  with  the  idea 
of  getting  them  used  to  cold  weather  ;  this  often  injures 
plants  before  winter  arrives. 

Where  Masdevallias  of  the  Chimcera  section  have 
been  grown  during  summer  in  the  cool  house  they 
should  be  returned  to  the  warm  house  now,  placing 
the  plants  where  they  will  get  the  least  amount  of 
sun.  M.  tovarense  we  keep  in  the  cool-house  at  all 
seasons,  where  the  temperature  is  seldom  below  50". 
At  one  time  I  thought  by  leaving  the  old  spikes  on 
the  plant  these  would  be  the  means  of  my  getting  more 
flower,  but  there  appears  to  be  nothing  gained  by 
doing  so.  The  plants  have  a  better  appearance  when 
these  are  cut  off,  and  I  think  it  might  be  a  strain  on 
them  if  they  had  to  support  the  old  flower-spikes 
from  one  season  to  another.  If  there  is  much  con- 
densed moisture  on  the  plants  in  the  cool-house  in 
the  morning  do  no  damping  down  until  this  has  dried 
off,  but  begin  giving  air  as  soon  as  the  temperature  in 
the  house  can  be  kept  over  50'.  C.  JVoolford,  Douni- 
side^  Leaihcrhcads 


toniensis,  nitida  alba,  and  multiflora,  are  among  the 
best  to  give  a  continuous  supply  of  bloom.  Push  on 
with  the  training  of  Tracheliospermum  jisminoides, 
Azaleas,  early  varieties  of  Ericas,  Aphelexis,  and 
Genetyllis  ;  with  a  soft  sponge  clean  Camellias 
before  the  bloom  gels  far  aJ^^anced,  and  even  if  no 
insects  should  be  infesting  them  they  will  be  benefited 
by  being  cleaned  of  the  dirt  that  accumulates  on 
the  foliage.  Agaves,  Beaucarnea?,  Yuccas,  and 
Dasylirions  should  now  be  arranged  together  on  a 
side  stage,  to  be  well  seen  ;  these  will  require  but 
little  water  during  the  winter  months.  Any  plants 
infested  with  scale  should  be  well  cleaned,  and  when 
once  all  the  older  insects  are  dislodged  a  few 
syringings  with  lime  water  kills  the  young  ones. 
Plants  which  have  done  service  outside,  and  have  got 
injured  by  wind  or  other  agency,  should  have  the 
damaged  parts  cut  off,  and  be  placed  in  a  house  pos- 
sessing a  little  warmth,  when  they  will  form  growth 
that  will  make  up  to  a  certain  extent  for  that  which  was 
cut  away.  Care  must  be  exercised  not  to  cause 
damp  in  greenhouses  during  dull  weather,  else  the 
bloom  will  damp  off  very  quickly.  Keep  a  look-out 
for  mildew  on  all  plants,  especially  those  of  a  hard 
woody  nature,  and  dust  at  once  with  sulphur  if  it  be 
seen.  A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill. 


"pF5UlT3     'IfJNDEF^     '(^LA33. 
I 

PINES. 
Fruiting  plants  when  moderately  dry  should 
receive  liberal  supplies  of  warm  liquid  manure  at  the 
roots,  and  should  have  a  night  temperature  of  70°, 
and  75'  to  80°  by  day  with  fire-heat  ;  running  it  up 
10'  higher  with  sun  heat.  Damp  the  paths  and  walls 
and  the  plunging  material  with  tepid  water  mornings 
and  afternoons  on  bright  days  at  shuttiog-up  time. 

Fruiters  of  1887. 
These  should  be  examined  every  ten  days  or  a  fort- 
night to  ascertain  the  condition  of  the  soil,  and  if  any 
are  dry,  sufficient  weak  liquid  manure,  at  a  tempera- 
ture as  high  as  that  of  the  bed,  must  be  given  to 
moisten  the  soil.  Although  the  soil  in  the  pots  should 
be  kept  on  the  side  of  dryness  during  the  winter 
months,  it  should,  however,  be  borne  in  mind  that  it 
should  not  be  allowed  to  remain  dry  long  enough  to 
cause  the  leaves  to  become  llabby,  as  that  would 
cause  injury  to  them.  Let  the  night  temperature 
range  from  60°  to  55°  according  as  the  weather  is  mild 
or  cold  during  the  next  eight  weeks,  and  65°  by  fire- 
heat  during  the  day,  and  10°  higher  with  sun-beat, 
giving  plenty  of  air  during  sunny  parts  of  the  day  : 
the  object  being  to  prevent  the  plants  from  making 
growth  between  this  and  the  time  of  their  "  showing  " 
fruit  next  February,  as  well  as  to  secure  a  sturdy 
growth  in  the  plants.  Sucker  plants  may  be  kept  a 
few  degrees  warmer  both  day  and  night  for  a  few  more 
weeks.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Castk. 


Pt^AP^Tg  AND  THEIR  fiuLTUt^E.       j^^^^^    ^^^,^    -qARDE].. 


THE    GREENHOUSE. 

If  due  regard  has  been  paid  to  the  working  up  of  a 
good  stock  of  soft-wooded  subjects,  viz.,  Tree  Carna- 
tions and  others,  winter- flowering  Pinks,  Mignonette, 
Cinerarias,  Heliotropes,  Salvias,  Godelias,  Petunias, 
Euphorbias,  Solanums,  &c.,  there  will  be  no  lack  of 
free-blooming  plants  in  the  cool-house,  as  well  as  for 
furnishing  purposes,  for  some  months  to  come. 

To  have  plants  in  flower  in  succession,  a  portion 
should  he  placed  in  a  light,  warm  pit  ;  others  should 
be  plunged  in  airy,  heated  pits,  but  kept  cold  ;  but 
heat  must  be  applied  if  sharp  frost  should  occur. 
Calla  Kthiopica  is  always  acceptable,  but  more 
epecially  about  Christmas-tide  ;  if  a  good  stock  has 
been  potted  up  the  largest  crowns  should  be  selected 
as  the  first  batch  to  be  started.  Few  plants  will 
stand  more  heat  than  these,  and  even  in  the  plant- 
stove  they  are  quite  at  home  ;  and  if  the  room  near 
the  glass  is  limited  in  the  forcing-house  they  will 
come  on  nearly  as  well  placed  on  the  floor  if  plenty 
of  heat  and  moisture  are  afforded,  especially  at  the 
roots.  The  double  varieties  of  Ivy-leaf  Pelargoniums 
will  be  very  useful  from  this  time  forward  for  all 
purposes,  and  always  when  grown  in  baskets.  Be- 
gonias of  all  winter-flowering  species,  such  as  Digs- 
welliana,   Dregii,   fuchsioides,  bydrocotylifolia,    wel- 


P  L.'VNTl  NG. 
Where  the  planting  of  fruit  trees  is  contemplated 
next  month  the  ground  to  receive  them,  if  not  finished, 
should  be  in  a  forward  state  of  preparation.  It  is 
important  that  the  trees  be  planted  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible after  arriving  from  the  nursery,  or  from  whatever 
source  they  are  obtained,  and  it  is  seldom  that  the 
soil  is  not  in  a  fit  state  to  receive  them,  providing  the 
planting  is  carried  out  in  good  time  next  month.  In 
planting,  the  small  fibres  should  be  well  spread  out 
on  an  even  surface,  and  the  main  strong  roots 
shortened  with  a  sharp  knife,  any  injured  part 
being  cut  away.  Burying  coarse,  bruised  roots  is 
oftentimes  the  cause  of  suckers  springing  up, 
diverting  the  energies  of  the  trees.  It  is  a  good 
plan  when  planting  in  a  heavy  loamy  soil  to 
place  a  few  shovelfuls  of  light  fine  soil  imme- 
diately over  the  roots  when  the  tree  is  placed  in 
position,  as  such  can  be  more  easily  worked  amongst 
the  fibrous  roots,  to  the  great  advantage  of  the  trees. 
After  trees  are  planted  at  the  base  of  walls,  care  must 
be  taken  that  they  do  not  become  "hung  up"  by 
being  nailed  to  the  w.all  too  early.  Young  trees  are 
best  tied  to  stakes  fixed  at  the  base  of  the  walls  until 
the  spring,  when  they  can  be  nailed  to  the  wall  in 
the  ordinary  way.  Pyramid  and  standard  trees 
should  be  securely  staked  before  any  rocking  takes 


place,  placing  some  soft  material  around  the  stems  of 
the  trees  to  prevent  injury  to  the  bark  by  rubbing. 
When  planting  a  new  garden  with  fruit  trees,  or  new 
trees  into  fresh  positions  in  old  gardens,  judgment  is 
requisite  in  the  way  of  arrangement.  Uodoubtedly 
pyramids  and  cordons  judiciously  planted  and  main- 
tained at  a  proper  size  and  height,  add  much  to  the 
good  appearance  of  a  kitchen  garden  ;  when  planting 
in  single  rows  on  each  side  of  the  walks,  a  narrow 
border  should  be  properly  prepared  for  the  trees  to 
grow  in.  These  should  be  planted  sufiiciently  close, 
so  that  ultimately,  when  the  trees  have  reached  their 
allotted  size,  the  border  be  fully  occupied  ;  and  at  no 
time  during  their  growth  should  any  other  subjects  be 
planted  in  the  border,  that  is,  if  first-class  produce  is 
desired.  Vegetable  cropping  at  the  ba^e  of  fruit 
trees  planted  m  such  positions  cannot  be  too  strongly 
condemned.  The  ground  at  the  base  of  the  trees 
should  be  either  mulched  or  kept  clean  by  the 
frequent  use  of  the  hoe.  Proceed  wiih  lifting  and 
root-pruning  as  fast  as  time  and  the  labour  at  com- 
mand will  admit  of;  also  plant  fresh  bush  fruit  and 
renovate  old  trees  by  working  in  some  fresh  soil  and 
manure,  which  the  roots  will  quickly  make  use  of. 
As  soon  as  the  leaves  on  Peach  and  N-.clarine  trees 
part  freely  from  the  wood  when  touched,  they  should 
be  gone  over  with  a  light  brush  ;  afterwards  the 
leaves  raked  up  off  the  border  and  removed.  G.  H^ 
Richards,  Somerhy,  Ringivood. 


HEATED    FRAMES    AND     PITS. 

After  this  dale  the  supply  of  Cucumbers  will  be 
derived  from  the  plants  grown  in  pits  and  houses 
heated  by  hot  water,  and  will  require  additional 
fire-heat,  therefore  maintain  a  night  temperature  of 
60",  with  a  rise  of  10°  by  day.  A  little  air  should  be 
allowed  at  all  times  except  in  very  cold  weather, 
and  a  moderately  moist  atmosphere  must  be  kept  up 
by  damping  the  paths  and  side  walls  several  times 
throughout  the  day.  Whenever  the  plants  become 
dry  syringe  freely  with  tepid  water  early  in  the  after- 
noon, and  also  give  plenty  at  the  roots  diluted  with 
manure  and  soot  water ;  an  occasional  sprinkling  of 
Peruvian  guano  applied  to  the  surface  of  the  bed  and 
afterwards  watered  in,  will  also  be  found  an  excellent 
fertiliser.  Keep  the  shoots  stopped  and  tied  down  to 
the  trellis,  removing  all  old  decayed  foliage,  and  also 
the  fruit  where  too  thickly  placed.  The  structure 
shouldbe  keptthoroughlysweetand  clean  byhaving  the 
glass  washed  and  the  walls  lime-washed  occasionally. 
Should  the  bottom-heat  be  derived  from  hot-water 
pipes  placed  underneath  the  beds,  this  should  be 
examined  daily,  and  the  heat  turned  on  in  suflicient 
amount  to  maintain  a  steady  bottom-heat  of  90". 

French  Beans. 
Those  coming  into  bloom  will  require  a  higher  lem- 
peraiure  than  they  have  hitherto  enjoyed,  and  all 
successional  batches  should  be  removed  into  heated 
pits  or  houses,  placed  in  positions  near  the  glass,  and 
a  temperature  of  65°  at  night  can  be  obtained.  Air 
should  be  given  whenever  the  state  of  the  weather  will 
permit,  avoiding  cold  draughts.  Occasional  ap- 
plications with  the  syringe  before  and  after  bloom- 
ing will  be  necessary,  and  will  tend  to  keep  the 
plants  free  from  red-spider.  Assistance  to  those  in 
bearing  should  be  given  by  watering  with  tepid 
liquid  manure. 

TOMATOS. 

A  warm  dry  temperature  should  be  aimed  at  to 
ripen  up  and  mature  the  crop  of  fruit  now  set  ;  future 
growths  can  be  stopped,  and  all  surplus  leaves  and 
shoots  removed  that  the  plants  may  receive  the  full 
benefit  of  the  sun  and  light.  Water  with  weak  liquid 
manure,  and  occasionally  sprinkle  the  surface  ot  the 
soil  with  some  approved  artificial  manure. 

The  Mushroom-house. 
A  little  fire-heat  during  dull,  wet  weather,  with  the 
ventilators  open,  will  be  very  beneficial,  but  little 
moisture  need  be  used  at  this  season  of  the  year,  and 
when  water  has  to  be  given  to  the  beds  it  should  be 
applied  sparingly,  especially  so  where  newly  made 
beds  are  showing  ;  those  recently  spawned  must  not 
be  allowed  to  cool  too  quickly,  and  where  this  is 
feared  the  beds  should  have  a  covering  of  hay,  litter, 
or  mats  placed  on  them,  with  the  object  of  retaining 
and  prolonging  an  equable  temperature  of  about  90* 
of  heat.  For  successional  beds  more  dry  horse-drop- 
pings should  be  collected  in  an  open,  airy  shed, 
spread  out  thinly,  and  turned  over  daily  for  a  fort- 
night, when  it  will  be  in  a  fit  state  for  making  up, 
Beds  that  are  made  up  in  the  open  will  require  to  be 
well  protected,  and  covered  with  at  least  a  foot  of 
straw  litter,  and  some  provision  made  to  throw  off 
and  exclude  wet.  John  Austen,  Witliy  Court 
Gardens. 


528 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  :i3.  iS 


Monday, 


=5      „ 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

I  Sale  of  Dutch  Dulbs, at  Prolheroc&  Morris' 

*  1  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  StcTcns"  Rooms, 
r  Royal  Honicuiiural  Society  :    MectinRS  o( 
the    Fruit    and     Floral     Committees,   at 
II  AM,;  and  show  of  Chrysanthemums 
I      and  Vegetables  (two  days). 


TUESDAYj 


.36 


Flower,  at  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rioms. 

Sale  of  Nursery  Ptock.  at  Cobbett's  Nur- 
sery, Woking  (three  days). 

Sale     of    Dutch    Bulbs,    Plants,    &c.,     at 


WednkSdav,   Oi  t.  27  \  Sale  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  and 
Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale    of     Plants,   at    Protheroe    &    Murris 

Rooms. 
Sale  of  Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 


Thursday, 

"-1 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs, 

at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

Friday, 

Oct.  29 

Sale  of  Imported  nnd 

Established  Orchids, 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs. 

at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

Rooms. 

Saleol  Dutch  Eulbs, 

at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

THE  discussion  on  Seedling  Figs,  which 
has  excited  so  much  interest  on  the  part 
of  some  of  our  readers,  originated  from  the 
publication  in  these  columns  of  an  abstract  by 
Mr.  Hemsley  of  the  researches  of  Count  Solms 
LaUBACH  (see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  April  28, 
18S3).  We  need  not  now  enter  upon  details  which 
have  been  already  frequently  repeated,  and  need 
only  make  passing  allusion  to  the  interesting 
statements  to  be  found  in  Pliny's  Natural 
History,  lib.  xv.,  cap.  xix.,  and  to  the  account 
given  by  Tournefort,  in  his  Relation  die 
Voyage  du  Levant,  ii.,  23  (1717).  The  more 
modern  investigations  of  Gasparrini,  Solms 
Laubach,  and  Hermann  Muller  have 
already  been  summarised,  so  that  it  may  suffice 
now  to  say  that  there  is  a  wild  Fig  or  "  Caprifig,'' 
the  fruits  of  which  are  not  eatable,  and  a  culti- 
vated Fig  assuming  many  forms  and  varieties, 
but  all  producing  edible  fruit.  The  so-called 
fruit  of  the  Fig  is  the  succulent  and  hollow 
end  of  a  branch  or  shoot,  the  cavity  of  which  is 
lined  with  a  vast  multitude  of  minute  flowers, 
each  raised  on  a  short  stalk.  Some  of  these 
flowers  are  male,  producing  stamens  only,  others 
are  female,  producing  each  a  single  pistil. 
Male  flowers  and  female  flowers  occasionally 
occur  in  the  same  fruit,  but  it  is  more  com- 
monly the  case  that  the  fruit  contains  flowers 
ot  one  sex  only.  If  both  sexes  are  exceptionally 
present  one  is  in  an  imperfect  or  rudimentary 
condition.  Moreover,  as  is  evident  from  an 
examination  of  the  dried  Figs  of  commerce,  the 
shoot  may  swell  and  develope  into  a  luscious 
Fig,  while  the  contents,  the  so-called  seeds,  are 
not  perfected  at  all,  probably  from  not  having 
been  fertilised. 

The  Caprifig  produces  three  crops  of  Figs  in 
the  year — the  first  in  spring,  the  next  in  summer, 
and  the  last  in  autumn.  The  spring  Figs  pro- 
duce usually  no  male  flowers,  the  autumn  Figs 
only  a  few,  while  the  summer  Figs  produce  an 
abundance  of  male  as  well  as  of  female  flowers. 
Fertilisation  is  effected  by  means  of  Fig-wasps 
(Blastophaga  grossorum),  which  penetrate  and 
deposit  each  one  egg  in  one  flower.  As  there 
are  three  kinds  of  generations  of  Figs,  so  there 
are  three  separate  generations  of  Fig-wasps 
developed  in  them,  only  one  generation,  how- 
ever, being  concerned  in  the  fertilisation  of  the 
Fig. 

The  whole  history  of  the  relation  and  inter- 
pendence  of  the  three  sets  of  Figs  and  of  the 
three  sets  of  insects  is  somewhat  compli- 
cated, and  may  be  read  in  the  summary  given  in 
Hermann  MuLler's  Fertilisation  oJ  Flowers, 
translated  by  D'Arcy  Thompson.  The  princi- 
pal result  is,  that  the  Caprifig  or  wild  Fig  rarely 
sets  a  seed  capable  of  germinating,  its  "fruit" 
being  only  of  importance  as  supplying  pollen  to 
be  conveyed  by  one  brood  of  wasps  to  the 
female  flowers  of  the  Figs.  The  wild  Figs  then 
either  wither  on  the  trees,  or  fall  off  without 
becoming  sweet.  Hence  it  happens  that  in 
this  country,  where  the  wild  Fig  is  not  known, 
seedling   Figs,  the  produce  of  seed  actually 


formed  in  this  country,  are  exceedingly  scarce. 
Up  to  the  present  time  only  two  such  cases 
have  been  recorded  that  can  be  considered  free 
from  doubt.  But,  of  course,  just  as  happens 
with  Cucumbers,  Hops,  and  dicecious  plants 
generally,  it  does  sometimes  happen,  by  excep- 
tion, that  fiowers  of  both  sexes  are  formed  on 
one  and  the  same  branch  ;  and  supposing  this  to 
happen  in  a  Fig,  we  might,  in  this  way,  get 
seedling  Figs  even  in  this  country  without  the 
intervention  of  wild  Figs  or  of  fig-wasps.  Cut,  so 
far  as  we  have  observed,  the  Figs  grown  in  this 
country  do  not  produce  male  flowers  at  all,  and 
seedling  Figs  are  consequently  in  such  cases 
impossible.  In  Southern  Europe  some  authors 
describe  the  cultivated  Fig  as  producing  female 
flowers  only,  fertilisation  being  then  dependent 
on  the  Caprifig  and  its  tenant-wasps.  In  other 
cases  there  appear  to  be  a  few  male  flowers  at 
the  extreme  upper  part  of  the  Fig.  In  such  a 
case  the  flowers  of  the  Fig  might  be  fertilised 
by  the  pollen  produced  within  the  same  Fig  as 
themselves. 

In  referring  to  the  literature  of  Fig  culture  in 
this  country  with  reference  to  this  question  of 
home-grown  seedlings,  we  accidentally  lighted 
upon  the  following  passage  in  the  Hortus 
Durovcrni  of  the  late  Mr.  Masters,  of 
Canterbury,  published  in  1S31  : — "The  Roman 
Fig  must  be  considered  as  a  curiosity  merely, 
it  having  been  planted  by  that  people 
against  the  south-east  side  of  the  fortifi- 
cation Regulbium,  now  Reculver,  where  it  still 
grows  in  a  wild  state,  and  occasionally  produces 
a  fruit  that  attains  perfection."  The  Reculver 
Fig  is  well  known  to  men  of  Kent  and  to 
antiquaries,  and  accordingly  we  addressed  our- 
selves to  Mr.  Roach  Smith  to  know  whether 
his  Retrospections  (of  which  he  has  lately  given 
to  the  world  a  second  and  very  interesting 
volume)  extended  to  this  famous  Fig.  In  reply 
to  our  inquiries,  Mr.  ROACH  SMITH  kindly  tells 
us  "that  he  attaches  no  value  to  the  assertion 
that  it  [the  Reculver  Fig]  is  of  Roman  origin. 
The  place  was  a  stronghold  of  ecclesiastics  in 
the  Middle  Ages,  who  no  doubt  introduced  Fig 
trees."  We  shall  revert  to  the  Reculver  Fig 
later  on,  but  meantime  we  may  fittingly  allude 
to  the  statement  that  the  Fig  was  introduced  to 
this  country  by  Cardinal  Pole  in  the  time  of 
Henry  VIII.  These  very  Fig  trees  are  still 
in  existence  in  the  garden  of  Lambeth  Palace. 
The  trees,  five  in  number,  stand  on  the  south 
side  of  the  library,  each  having  been  planted 
in  the  middle  of  the  wall  space  between  the 
buttresses.  The  stems,  which  are  now  at  a 
little  distance  from  the  wall,  but  at  one  time 
they  may  have  stood  close  enough  to  have 
been  trained  to  it,  are  about  i  foot  in  diameter 
at  2  feet  from  the  ground  —  about  the  size, 
therefore,  that  a  Fig  tree  might  be  expected 
to  attain  in  eighty  years,  or  about  the  period 
which  has  elapsed  since  they  were  cut  off  by 
frost  in  1S13.  It  is  probable  that  that  was  not 
the  only  occasion  on  which  they  suffered  from 
the  same  cause,  which  will  help  to  account  for 
the  distance  at  which  they  now  stand  from  the 
wall  :  a  strong  sucker  having  been  chosen  the  fol- 
lowing year  to  take  the  place  of  the  stem  that  had 
been  killed  in  the  previous  winter,  and  which 
sucker  might  come  up  a  short  distance  from  it. 

The  irees  at  the  present  time  measure  about 
24  feet  in  height,  if  measured  from  the  apex  to 
the  foot  of  the  stem,  but  do  not  appear  so  high 
owing  to  their  inclination  towards  the  south. 

After  hot  summers  a  small  crop  of  fruit, 
which  is  similar  to  the  White  Marseilles  va- 
riety, is  occasionally  ripened.  These  Fig  trees 
appear  to  be  almost  smoke-proof,  and,  next  to 
the  Ailantus,  carry  their  foliage  till  late  in  the 
autumn,  notwithstanding  the  unsalubrious  sur- 
roundings of  the  Palace  garden.  There  is 
evidence,  however,  that  the  Fig  was  cultivated 
in  this  country  at  a  much  earlier  period,  for 
Matthew  Paris,  as  quoted  in  Fluckiger  and 
Hambury's  Pharmacographia,  relates  that  the 


year  1257  was  so  inclement  that  Apples  and 
Pears  were  scarce  in  England,  and  that  Figs, 
Cherries,  and  Plums  totally  failed  to  ripen. 

Whether  the  Figs  were  introduced  by  the 
Romans,  or  whether  they  were  introduced  or 
re-introduced  in  later  times  by  ecclesiastics, 
mindful  of  the  Scriptural  adage,  "Whoso 
keepeth  the  Fig  tree  shall  eat  the  fruit  thereof," 
the  time  that  has  elapsed  in  either  case  is  long 
enough  to  have  allowed  of  some  degeneration 
of  the  Fig  as  a  consequence  of  our  relatively 
ungenial  climate,  and  possibly  of  some  approach 
to  the  condition  of  the  wild  Fig. 

Under  this  impression  we  recently  sought 
and  obtained,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  C.  R. 
Haig,  a  specimen  of  the  Reculver  Fig.  This 
gentleman  informs  us  that  "  the  Fig  tree  is  there 
[Reculver],  on  the  old  wall  on  the  side  farthest 
from  the  sea.  From  information  I  received, 
from  the  'oldest  inhabitant,'  I  found  that  the 
tree  itself  was  cut  down  to  the  roots  twelve  or 
fourteen  years  ago,  by  the  farmer  tilling  the 
adjacent  land,  the  trees  which  are  there  now 
have  all  the  appearance  of  being,  and  probably 
are,  shoots  from  the  old  root.  I  send  you  leaves 
from  the  trees  and  two  Figs,  which  might  do  for 
pickles,  but  which  are  the  largest  obtainable. 
I  found  also  another  Fig  tree,  or  rather  bush, 
against  an  old  cottage  which  is  the  summer 
residence  of  Mr.  Kemp.  This  tree,  I  am 
informed,  is  a  cutting  from  the  old  tree.  It  has 
an  ancient  stump,  and  a  profusion  of  shoots. 
.  .  .  The  '  oldest  inhabitant '  says  the  old  tree 
is  thousands  of  years  old." 

Our  correspondent's  surmise  is,  no  doubt, 
correct — that  all  the  trees  he  mentions  had  a 
common  origin,  as  the  leaves  he  sends  correspond 
as  nearly  as  Fig  leaves  (which  are  notoriously 
multiform)  can  be  expected  to  do.  But  now 
for  the  crucial  test.  On  cutting  open  the  small 
Figs,  only  big  enough,  in  our  correspondent's 
opinion  for  the  pickle-jar,  we  found  not  a  single 
male  flower.  The  Figs,  indeed,  were  in  so  far 
precisely  like  the  Lambeth  Figs,  and  indeed 
all  the  other  cultivated  Figs  we  have 
examined.  We  conclude,  therefore,  that  the 
Reculver  Fig  is  no  wild  Fig,  and  that — at 
present,  at  any  rate — it  shows  no  signs  of  dis- 
carding the  attributes  of  civilisation.  Such  a 
change  would  be  more  likely  to  show  itself  in 
seedling  Figs  ;  but,  as  we  have  shown,  the 
Reculver  Fig  has  in  all  probability  not  been 
propagated  by  seed,  but  by  suckers  or  layers, 
and  the  existing  trees  are  therefore  the  direct 
lineal  continuations,  without  break  of  a  single 
generation,  of  the  Figs  of  the  Middle  Ages,  and 
possibly  of  those  of  Roman  times.  How  different 
this  fixity  of  character  from  the  state  of  things  in 
ancient  Italy,  where,  thanks  to  the  Fig-wasps, 
the  culices  of  Pliny,  the  varieties  and  names  of 
Fig  trees  were  so  numerous  that,  in  the  true 
spirit  of  an  evolutionist,  he  thinks  the  species 
(as  we  should  now  call  it)  is  undergoing  a 
change.  "  fostea  tot  subiere  nomina  atque 
genera,  lit  vel  hoc  solum  cestimantibus,  appareat 
mutatam  esse  vitam"  (lib.  xv.,  §  xviii.). 


Campanula  persicifolia. — Among  border 

perennials  there  are  few  more  striking  than  this  old- 
fashioned  species  with  its  erect  stems,  lanceolate  leaves, 
and  erect  spikes  of  numerous  white  or  very  pale  blue 
flowers.  There  are  numerous  varieties  of  it,  includ- 
ing a  double-flowered  variety,  and  a  form  in  which  the 
calyx  becomes  white  likethecorolla.  All  these  are  good, 
not  only  as  garden  decorations  but  also  for  cut  flowers. 
The  variety  we  now  figure  (fig.  105)  was  sent  to  us  in 
the  course  of  the  summer,  by  Messrs.  Backhouse,  of 
York,  and  it  is  sufficiently  distinct  to  be  called  Back- 
HOUSEs's  variety.  The  variety,  as  will  be  seen  from 
out  illustration,  has  much  larger  flowers  than  the 
ordinary  forms  (a  flower  of  the  real  size  is  shown 
separately),  and  from  its  beauty  and  free-flowering 
property  forms  one  of  the  most  desirable  ol  its  class. 
Messrs.  Backhouse  sent  it  to  us  under  the  manu- 
script name  of  Campanula  persicifolia  alba  grandi- 
flora,  but  we  venture  to  think  our  appellation  of 
Backhouse's  variety  will  be  sufficient  to  distinguish 


Fig.  105.— campanula  tersicipolia,  backhouse's  var.  :   hardy  perennial  :   flowers  white,    (she  p.  528.) 

The  Gardeners   CKronicle,)  lOcloUl  2;,  1886. 


530 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOEKR  2J,    iS 


it.  At  any  rate,  if  Messrs.  Backhouse  prefer  to  give 
it  their  own  name  in  their  catalogues,  there  is  no  one 
to  gainsay  the  privilege.  By  whatever  name  it  be 
henceforth  known,  the  plant  is  sure  to  beconae  a 
favourite  when  generally  known. 

Double  Flowers.— ProfesEor   Goehel,   of 

Rostock,  has  published  some  important  observations 
on  double  flowers,  in  which  he  traces  the  formation 
of  the  several  forms  of  double  flowers  from  their 
earliest  condition,  and  thus  demonstrates  their  origin 
from  branching  or  from  multiplication  of  the  petil-. 

Black  Spot  on  Camellia  and  Orange 

Leaves.— This  troublesome  fungus,  due  sometimes  to 
the  presence  of  aphides  and  the  honeydew  that  these 
insects  secrete,  but  which  will  also  grow  without  their 
intervention,  can  be  got  rid  of  by  dusting  with  a 
mixture  of  sulphur  and  lime. 

"The  Advertisers'  A. B.C. "—A  service- 
able book  for  those  who  advertise  largely  has  bcm 
published  under  the  above  title  by  the  London  Central 
Agency  for  Advertisements,  402,  Strand,  W.C.  It 
stands  alone,  so  comprehensive  is  the  book,  containing 
as  it  does  an  almost  complete  listof  all  the  London  news- 
papers and  journals,  both  daily  and  weekly,  &c  ,  and 
also  of  the  provincial  papers.  More  than  this,  the  foreign 
and  colonial  newspapers  are  largely  represented. 
There  is  also  a  classified  index  which  is  admirably 
complete,  and  in  which  the  various  papers  may 
be  found  grouped  under  their  towns  of  publication, 
their  titles,  or,  again,  according  to  their  class 
of  subject.  Some  idta  of  the  extent  of  this 
section  of  the  hook  may  be  grasped  when  it  is  made 
known  that  the  index  occupies  about  300  pages  quarto. 
Bat  the  most  useful  item  as  concerns  advertisers  is  the 
information  given  concerning  each  paper  or  journal, 
&c. ;  this  includes  a  full  scale  of  charges  for  announce- 
ments, &c.,  price  of  the  paper,  and,  in  a  side  column, 
the  publisher's  own  statement  as  to  the  class  in  which 
the  journal  circulates,  the  subject  of  the  contents  of  the 
editorial  columns,  &c.  Not  the  least  interesting,  if 
not  useful,  is  an  article  on  "  Gigantic  Advertising,"  in 
which  the  writer  endeavours  to  show  what  the  "Artist- 
Advertiser,"  and  he  alone,  can  do.  This  is  embellished 
with  such  advertising  pictures  as  every  one  who  reads 
can  scarcely  avoid  seeing  in  all  our  magazines,  &c. 

-  Orchid  Flowers. — Professor  Pfitzer,  of 
Heidelberg,  has  lately  published,  under  the  title 
Morphoh[;ische  Stiiiiien  ncbcr  die  Orchidicnhlulhe,  a 
companion  volume  to  his  previous  work  on  the  struc- 
ture of  the  vegetative  organs.  In  the  present  volume 
the  Professor  treats  from  a  botanical  point  of  view 
the  peculiarities  of  conformation  in  Orchid  flowers, 
such  as  the  inferior  ovary,  the  column,  the  spurs,  and 
the  lip.  We  shall  have  Decision  to  revert  to  this 
treatise  on  a  future  occasion. 

Grassland.  —  Mr.   Bernard    Dyer  has 

published  in  a  separate  form  his  paper  on  "The 
Maintenance  and  Renovation  of  Grassland,"  which 
we  commend  to  the  notice  of  our  readers.  The  little 
pamphlet  may  be  had  of  Vinton  &  Co.,  9,  New 
Bridge  Street,  Ludgate  Circus,  E.G. 

Entomology.— Dr.   Riley's  annual  report 

as  Entomologist  to  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  1SS5,  has  lately  been  published.  It 
contains  elaborate  papers  on  silk  culture,  articles  on 
locusts.  Strawberry  weevils,  Pear  midges,  bees,  and 
numerous  other  insects  injurious  to  cultivated  plants, 
together  with  reports  from  various  parts  of  the  Stales 
as  to  the  means  found  most  effectual  in  preventing  the 
ravages  of  insects  or  palliating  their  injurious  efTects. 

"Mary's   Meadow,"  and  some  of  the 

"Letters  from  a  Little  Garden,"  by  Mrs. 
EwiNG,  have  recently  been  published  in  book  form 
by  the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 
These  tales  were  originally  published  in  Aunt  'jfiidy's 
Magazine,  where  "  Mary's  Meadow"  was  so  much  ap- 
preciated that  it  was  the  cause  of  the  foundation  of 
the  Parkinson  Society.  This  Society  took  its  name 
from  John  Parkinson's  Paradims  terrcstris,  a  book 
much  quoted  in  "Mary's  Meadow."  The  members 
undertake  to  prevent  rare  British  wild  flowers  from 
being  ruthlessly  exterminated,  to  exchange  specimens, 
and  to  collect  and  com^nent  upon  the  popular  local 
and  old-fashioned  names  boine  by  many  flowers. 
Unfoitunately,  Mrs.  Ewing  did  not  live  long  enough 


to  do  more  than  start  the  Paikinson  Society,  this 
being  almost  the  last  of  her  writings  for  children. 
She  was  always  a  most  popular  writer,  her  tales  and 
parables  being  appreciated  by  elder  people  quite  as 
much  as  they  were  by  the  children  far  whom  they 
were  specially  intended.  Many  therefore  will  be  in- 
terested to  know  that  this  story  ("  Mary's  Meadow  ") 
can  now  be  bought  separately,  and  in  a  convenient 
shape  and  size. 

Mildew  on  Vines.— In  France  this  disease 

is  now  combated  by  sulphate  of  copper  (blue  vitriol)  ; 
three  kilos  (say,  6^  lb.)  of  copper  sulphate  in  a  hecto- 
litre (22  gallons)  of  water  are  used  in  the  form  of 
spray. 

Pear  Conference  Committee.— A  meet- 
ing of  this  body  was  held  at  South  Kensington  on 
Wednesday  last,  to  receive  the  report  of  the  late  Pear 
Congress  as  compiled  and  arranged  by  Mr.  BarkoN, 
the  Secretary.  Mr.  John  Lee  presided.  After 
examining  the  various  sections  of  the  repoit,  and 
making  some  suggestions  as  to  the  information  desired, 
and  discussing  the  most  desirable  price  at  which  it 
should  be  published,  some  favouring  the  idea  that  \s. 
should  be  the  published  price,  it  was  unanimously 
resolved  that  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  be  invited  to  publish  the  report  as  presented 
and  agreed  to  by  the  committee.  The  delicate  matter 
of  remuneration  to  the  Secretary,  for  the  great  labour 
bestowed  on  the  compilation  of  the  report,  was  left  in 
the  hands  of  the  Chairman  for  the  present,  but  the 
committee  were  unanimous  in  expression  of  opinion 
that  Mr.  Barron's  services  merited  cordial  re- 
cognition, 

Colonial  and  Indian   Exhibition.— On 

Friday,  the  8ih  inst.,  a  paper  was   read  in  the  Con- 
ference Hall  of  the  Colonial  and   Indian  Exhibiiicn, 
by  Mr.  E.   B.  Biggar,  on  the  question  of  the  "  Flax- 
growing    and    Linen-manulacluring     capabilities     of 
Canada."     Lieut. -General    LowRY,    C.B.,    occupied 
the  chair.     After  tracing  the  history  of  this  induslry 
fiom  the  time  of  the  ancient  Egyptians,  showing  the 
permanence  of  the  linen  trade  and  the  vitality  of  the 
Flax  plant,  Mr.  BiGGAR  showed  the  remarkable  titness 
of  the  soil  of  Canada,  especially  of  the  great  unde- 
v.;loped  North-West,  for  the  growth  of  Flax.     Three 
species  of  wild  Flax   were   indigenous  in  the  Noith- 
West,  and  both  these  and  the  cultivated   Flax  and 
Hemp  grew  luxuriantly.     Hemp  grows  to  the  height 
of  12  feet,  and    the   Flax  seed  grown  here  yields  a 
greater   proportion    of   linseed    oil    than   any   in    the 
world,    being    16  lb.    to    the    bushel.      An    English 
capitalist  lately  started  a  linseed-oil  mill  at  Winnipeg, 
and  a  large  trade  in  oil  and  the  manufacture  of  oil- 
cakes  for  cattle-feeding  is  likely  to  follow  the  pre- 
liminary  shipments    that    have    been    made.     Over 
16,000  acres  have  been  sown  in  Flax  this  year  by  the 
Russian  Mennonites  settled  in  Manitoba,  and  a  ready 
market  is  found  for  the  seed,  but  no  use  whatever  has 
been  made  of  the  fibre,  which  is  burnt  up  in  this  pro- 
vince owing  to  lack  of  machinery  for  scutching,  &c.  The 
fibre  of  the  North-West  is  pronounced  much  better  than 
that  of  Ontario,  which  has  been  considered  the  best 
on  the   continent.     This  year   1000  tons  have  been 
brought  to  Belfast,  this  being  the  first  shipment  for 
manufacturing  purposes,  and  the  fibre  is  spoken  of  as 
much  superior  to  Russian.     The  question  of  working 
the    fibre  up  at  a  profit  in  the  North-West  is  now 
likely  to  be  settled  by  the  new  scutching,   rippling, 
and    steeping   machinery   so   successfully   worked  in 
France,  Ireland,  and   the   United  Slates.     Flax  and 
tow  to  the  value  ot  over  ;^2, 000,000  are  annually  im- 
ported for  our  factories  from  Russia,  where  3,000,000 
aretes  of  land  are  devoted  to  its  cultivation.   Flax  will 
grow  where  the  summers  are  too  short  for  Wheat,  and 
there  are  in   the  Canadian   North-West    100,000,000 
acres  available  for  this  industry  beyond   the    Wheat 
growing  region.     Within  the  great    "  Wheat  belt  "  it 
is  found  that  Flax  is  a  much  more  profitable  crop  with 
which  to  break  in  the  soil  in  the  first  year  ot  cultiva- 
tion than  Wheat  or  any  grain,  as  it  matures  well  on 
the  "breaking."     Mr.    Biggar  estimates  that  even 
if  a  single  crop  of  Flax  were  grown  only  on   the  new 
soil  as  it  is  broken  up,  enough  fibre  could  be  produced 
within  the  "Wheat  belt "  alone  to  equal  the  supply 
of  Russia  for  eighty  years  to  come.     Purchasers  of 
raw  fibre  would  find  it  easier  to  control  their  business 
and    obtain  a    speedy    delivery   of   their    goods  from 
Canada  than  from  Russia.     If  the  Flax  induslry  were, 
therefore,  encouraged  in  Canada,  a  vast  new  industry 
would  be  built  up  within  the  Empire,  and  the  British 


Flax  market  would  not  be  subject  to  such  vicissitudes 
as  it  has  been  in  the  past,  whenever  Russia  has  been 
at  war. 

The  Fuchsia  Tree  in  the  Isle  of  Man. 

—  Considerable  interest  has  been  expressed  with 
regard  to  the  fine  specimen  figured  recently  in  our 
columns  (p.  397,  fig.  79).  The  plant  is  that  commonly 
known  as  F.  coccinea,  but  is  more  correc'ly  called 
F.  magellanica.  The  name  of  the  house  in  the  garden 
of  which  it  is  growing  is  Ballure,  not  Ballme,  as 
stated  inadvertently.  Our  illustration  was  taken  from 
a  photograph  expressly  taken  for  us  by  Mr.  GeORGK 
Patterson,  The  Studio,  Ramsey,  Isle  of  Man,  who 
experienced  considerable  difticuliy  in  securing  a  good 
picture,  owing  to  the  position  of  the  tree,  but  ulti- 
mately succeeded  in  securing  a  very  characteristic 
picture  of  a  very  noteworthy  plant.  The  tree  is  still 
(October  16)  one  miss  of  bloom,  and  the  ground 
beneath  is  rich  in  colour  from  the  fallen  bloom. 

LiNNEAN  Society. — The  first  meeting  of  the 

session  1886  87  will  be  held  on  Thursday,  November 
4,  1SS6,  at  8  P.M.  precisely,  when  the  following 
papers  will  be  read  :  — I.  "The  Natural  History  of 
the  genus  Dero."  By  Edward  C.  Eousfield, 
L  R.C.P.  Lond.  z.  "  Berberidaceje  japonicie."  By 
TOKUTARO  ITO.  (Communicated  by  W.  T.  This- 
ELTON  Dyer,  C.M.G.,  V.P.L.S.)  3-  "On  the 
genus  Lophopus,  with  a  Description  and  Remarks  on 
a  New  Species  from  New  South  Wales."  By 
Stuart  O.  Ridley,  F.L.S.  Exhibitions  by  the 
President  and  others. 

Canadian  Fruit  at  South  Kensington. 

— One  of  the  most  comprehensive  displays  of  Canadian 
fruit  ever  made  in  Europe  is  now  on  view  in  the  con-' 
servatory  of  the  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition.  Con- 
tributions are  made  from  every  province  of  Canada, 
from  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  to  Quebec  and 
Ontario,  and  even  from  Manitoba  and  British  Columbia, 
the  greater  part  of  the  exhibits  having  been  collected, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Canadian  Government,  by 
Professor  WILLIAM  Saunders,  of  the  Western  Uni- 
versity, London,  Ontario,  who  has  long  taken  a  keen 
interest  in  Canadian  fruit  culture.  From  Ontario  and 
Quebec  excellent  specimens  are  shown  of  the  varieties 
of  Apples  mostly  shipped  to  British  markets,  and  the 
body,  texture,  and  flavour  of  these  must  command 
general  admiration.  The  Pears  are  noteworthy  for 
size  and  colour;  while  an  excellent  display  of  vege- 
tables, and  even  Canadian  outdoor  Grapes,  is  made. 
The  Nova  Scotia  display  comprises  some  fifty  varie- . 
ties.  The  British  Columbia  and  Manitoba  varieties 
are  also  interesting,  as  coming  from  parts  of  the 
Dominion  but  little  known  in  Englaxd  for  their  fruit- 
growing capabilities.  It  is,  moreover,  important  to 
nole  that  the  shipment  of  many  of  the  early  soft 
varieties  of  fruits  now  shown  was  made  from  Canada 
in  refrigerators,  and  the  perfect  condition  in  which 
they  arrived  is  considered  to  fully  establish  the  value 
of  this  means  of  transit. 

Chrysanthemums  at  Finsuury  Park.— 

Mr.  Cochrane,  the  Superintendent  of  this  park, 
informs  us  that  the  annual  display  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums in  this  park  is  now  open  to  the  public. 

Royal  Jubilee  E.xhibition. — Manchester 

is  to  have  a  great  exhibition  next  year  at  Old  Trafford, 
adjoining  the  Botanical  Gardens,  which  will  be  incor- 
porated with  the  exhibition.  The  space  allotted 
covers  32  acres,  and  a  guarantee  fund  of  ;,^I32,000 
has  already  been  raised.  The  exhibits  will  be  classi- 
fied under  the  following  heads  :  —  i,  Industrial  design  ; 
2.  Machinery  ;  3,  Handicrafts  ;  4,  Works,  Old  Man- 
chester, Ship  Canal ;  6,  Fine  Arts ;  7,  Electric 
Lighting,  Music,  Horticulture  ;  8,  Finance  and  Audit. 
The  Secretary  is  A.  Gilles,  Esq.  ;  the  General 
Manager,  S.  Lee  Bapty,  Esq.;  and  the  offices  are 
at  Albert  Chambers,  Albert  Square,  Manchester, 

Singapore. — The  report  of  the  Superinten- 
dent of  the  Botanic  Gardens  for  1SS5  is  devoted 
mainly  to  details  of  work  done  and  progress  made. 
The  number  of  plants  propagated  for  distribution  is 
approximately  25,000.  The  most  interesting  infor- 
mation, however,  for  the  general  reader,  is  that  con- 
tained in  the  appendix.  This  comprises  a  list  of 
the  economic  plants,  vegetables,  &:c.,  grown  by  the 
Malays,  and  of  those  introduced  by  Europeans.  Toe 
Choco  (Sechium  edule)  far  surpasses  all  other 
Cucumbers    grown   in   the    Straits.     Mr.   Cantley 


October  23,  18S6.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


531 


speaks  highly  of  Solanum  niginm  as  a  vegelable, 
though  he  titlers  a  word  of  caution,  as  it  is  considered 
poisonous  if  eaten  law — "It  has  a  bitter  appetising 
taste,  and  is  a  vegetable  one  gets  much  attached  to 
afier  a  time."  It  is  cuiious  to  read  that  Asparagus, 
Windsor  Beans,  Scarlet  Runners,  Cabbages,  Broccoli, 
Seakale,  Celery,  Melons,  Artichokes,  and  some 
Other  European  vegetables  cannot  be  cultivated  with 
success,  while  others,  such  as  Beet,  Carrots,  Cress, 
Leeks,  Onions,  Parsnips,  Lettuce,  Parsley,  Radishes, 
Turnips,  Tomalos,  and  pot  herbs,  generally  do  well. 

Ghent    "Chambee   Syndicale."— At   a 

meeting  held  on  the  I  lib  inst.  awards  were  made  as 
follows  : — 

First-class  Certificates. — To  MM.  Vervaet  &  Co.,  for 
OdontogloSEUm  crispum  var.  De  Pacho  ;  and  to  MM. 
Desbois  &  Co,,  for  Calla  EEihiopica  fol.  var. 

Cultural  Certificates.  —  To  M.  Al.  Dalliere,  for 
Nepenthes  Masters!  var.  supcrba  ;  to  MM.  Vervaet  & 
Co  ,  for  Odontcglossuni  crispum  :  and  to  M.  Hye- 
Leysen,  for  Cypripedium  Ashburtonia;. 

Commendations  for  the  Flowers.— To  MM.  Vervaet  & 
Co.,  for  Odontoglossum  sp.  and  O.  grande  ;  to  M. 
Desmet-Du\ivier,  for  Warscewiczella  discolor  ;  and  to 
MM.  Eoelens  freres.  for  La;lia  Dayana  var. 

Commendations  for  Novelty. — To  Louis  Desmet,  pere, 
for  Pear  Mikado,  Japanese  variety. 

Commendations  for  Culture.— To  M.  B.  Spae,  for 
Adianium  cuneatum. 

Liverpool   International   Exhibition 

OF  Shipping  and  Commerce. — We  have  to  an- 
nounce that  Messrs.  SUTro.v  &  Sons,  seedsmen 
by  Royal  Warrants  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Reading,  have 
been  awarded  a  Gold  Jledal  for  their  extensive 
exhibits  of  seeds,  grasses,  &c.,  at  this  Exhibition.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  they  received  a  similar 
award  at  the  recent  provincial  show  of  the  Royal 
Hoit'Cultural  Society. 

The  Hailstorm  near  Paris.— We  alluded 

in  our  last  issue  to  the  hailstorm  which  devastated 
the  market  gardens  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Paris  in 
August  last,  and  which  has  caused  a  loss  estimated 
at  no  less  than  5,500.000  francs.  The  National  Hor- 
ticultural Society,  84,  Rue  de  Crenelle,  Paris,  has 
opened  a  subscription  for  the  benefit  of  the 
sufferers,  and,  moreover,  proposes  to  form  a  Tom- 
bola, or  lottery,  on  the  29th  inst.,  at  the  Pavilion 
de  la  Ville,  at  the  same  time  as  the  exhibition  of  the 
Sjciety.  The  Society  calls  on  its  members  to  con- 
tribute donations  for  the  Tombola  in  the  form  of 
flowers,  fruit,  tools,  works  of  art,  &c. ,  to  be  drawn 
for,  and  the  proceeds  to  be  given  to  the  fund.  Money 
donations  will  be  applied  to  the  purchase  of  the 
articles  exhibited.  Donations  of  all  kinds  should  be 
sent  to  the  President  of  the  National  Society  of  Horti- 
culture, Pavilion  de  la  Ville,  Champs  Elysdes,  Paris, 
between  October  20  and  25.  M.  Ernest  Bergmann, 
well  known  to  many  of  our  English  horticulturists,  is 
one  of  the  committee.  Tickets  for  the  lottery  are 
priced  at  50  centimes  (^M.). 

Fasciated  Lilium  auratum.— The  Right 

Hon.  J,  Chamberlain  sends  from  his  garden  at 
Birmingham  a  spike  of  this  Lily  with  a  6attened  stem 
bearing  no  fewer  than  119  flowers.  It  was  grown  in 
a  7inch  pot  from  a  plant  supplied  by  Mr.  Bull. 
Mr.  Cooper,  the  gardener,  find-,  as  many  others  do, 
that  the  plants  do  well  in  Rhododendron  beds,  but 
that  there  is  a  great  difference  in  the  time  of  flower- 
ing, the  earliest  expanding  in  June,  while  others  are 
not  yet  expanded. 

The  Carriage  Building  Trade. — Re- 
cently, at  a  largely  attended  meeting  of  the  members 
of  the  Institute  of  British  Carriage  Manufacturers, 
held  in  the  Westminstes  Town  Hall,  Sir  Philip 
CUNLIFFE  Owen,  who  presided,  distributed  the 
awards  made  by  the  Council  o(  the  Institute  to  the 
successful  competitors  for  the  prize  essays  on  the 
suspension  of  carriages,  and  the  diplomas  awarded  at 
the  Health  Exhibition,  1SS5.  Professor  John 
Macoun,  F.L  S.,  botanist  to  the  Canadian  Govern- 
ment, then  read  a  paper  on  "  Canadian  Timbers 
Suitable  for  Carriage  Building,"  during  the  course  of 
which  he  said  that  New  Brunswick,  Quebec,  and 
Ontario  were  the  chief  seats  of  the  timber  trade,  and 
there  was  not  a  river  in  these  three  provinces  where 
a  saw  log  would  float  but  what  had  its  saw-mills  or 
its  lumbering  firms.     In  Northern  New  Brunswick 


there  were  still  extensive  forests  of  Maple,  Beech, 
Ash,  Bass-wood,  Birch,  Oak,  Poplar,  and  Elm  of 
very  great  size,  besides  large  tracts  covered  with 
Hemlock,  black  and  white  Spruce,  red  and  white 
Pine,  as  well  as  swamps  ol  Larch  and  Cedar.  Owing 
to  their  positions  these  forests  remained  untouched, 
and  when  a  projected  line  of  railway  was  built  large 
supplies  of  timber  for  every  branch  of  business  would 
be  laid  open  to  commerce. 

Canadian   Apples  at   Edinburgh.— We 

learn  that  some  300  dijhes  of  the  Canadian  Apples 
have,  for  lack  of  space  at  South  Kensington,  been 
sent  on  to  Edinburgh,  where,  no  doubt,  they  will  be 
warmly  received  and  carefully  examined.  So  much 
colour  as  these  Apples  present  may  well  arouse 
enthusiasm  for  fruit  culture  even  in  the  bosoms  ol  the 
cold,  cautious  Northerners. 

Corn  E.xchange  Chrysanthemum  Show. 

— A  show  in  aid  of  the  Corn  Exchange  Benevolent 
Society  is  to  be  held  on  November  2  and  3,  at  the 
London  Corn  Exchange  Hotel.  The  persons  entitled 
to  exhibit  must  be  strictly  amateur  growers  engaged 
in  business  in  London,  except  in  the  1st  class,  which 
is  open  to  nurserymen.  All  the  flowers  placed  in  the 
room,  whether  for  competition  or  otherwise,  will  be 
soli  by  auction  at  4  pm.  on  the  second  day  of  the 
show  for  the  benefit  of  the  aforesaid  benevolent 
society,  unless  expressly  reserved,  and  notice  given 
to  that  effect  before  the  show.  The  Society  having 
been  established  for  the  laudable  purpose  of  granting 
pensions  and  donations  to  distressed  persons  of  either 
sex  who  have  been  connected  with  the  London  Corn 
trade  generally,  the  committee  anticipate  a  good 
show  and  a  numerous  attendance. 

North    of    Scotland    Horticultural 

AssociATIO.N. — The  usual  monthly  meeting  of  this 
Association  was  held  on  Friday  evening,  the  15th 
inst.,  in  the  Christian  Institute,  Aberdeen.  There 
was  a  large  gathering  of  memSers,  and  the  President, 
Mr.  A.  RoBSO.v,  occupied  the  chair.  Two  papers 
were  submitted  to  the  meeting,  the  first  being  by  Mr. 
D.  M.  Smith,  Argyle  Place,  Aberdeen,  on  "  Chemi- 
cal Manures."  Mr.  Smith's  paper  excited  much 
interest,  and  considerable  diicusssion  followed  the 
reading  ol  it,  at  the  close  of  which  the  writer  was 
thanked.  Mr.  J.  Morrison,  gardener,  Watertnn 
House,  Buxburn,  Aberdeenshire,  read  the  next  paper, 
the  subject  of  which  was  '*  Bulbous  and  Tuberjus- 
rooted  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants."  Mr.  Morrison 
treated  his  subject  in  an  interesting  manner,  and 
after  a  discussion  had  taken  place,  was  thanked  for 
his   contribution.     The  usual    vote  ol  thanks  to  the 

President  for  his  conduct  in  the  chair  terminated  the 
proceedings. 

Malformed  Corvlus.— Through  the  kind- 
ness of  the  Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  we 
have  received  specimens  from  M.  van  Vol.xem  of 
Corylus  Colurna,  in  which  the  two  usually  small 
bracteoles  of  the  mile  flowers  have  expanded 
into  leaves  greatly  resembling  the  involucre  sur- 
rounding the  nut.  The  appearance  of  the  catkins 
is  thus  much  altered.  On  a  superficial  examination 
there  is  a  close  resemblance  between  the  bract  of 
the  cone  of  a  Fir  and  the  fruit-sca'e  which  in  mon- 
strous specimens  may  often  be  found  divided  into  two 
leaf-like  segments — a  condition  which  has  excited 
much  attention  on  the  part  of  those  interested  in  the 
morphology  of  Conifers.  M.  van  Volxem  thinks 
the  malformation  in  the  Corylus  may  have  originated 
from  insect-injury.  We  have,  however,  not  detected 
any  insect,  though  we  suspect  the  deformity  may  have 
been  occasioned  by  a  mite  (Phytoptus).  Against  this 
view,  however,  is  the  fact  that  the  production  is 
merely  an  exaggeration  of  the  normal  condition,  and 
not  a  new  formation. 

Gardening    Appointments.— Mr.  D.   A. 

Bremner,  late  Foreman  to  W.  West,  Esq.,  Burcote, 
Faringdon,  Berks,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gar- 
dener to  E.  Salt,  E^q.,  Ferniehurst,  Shipley. — 
George  Baskett,  late  Gardener  to  F.  W.  Dolman, 
E-q  ,  Elm  Croft,  Dorset,  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Penzance,  Fash- 
ing Park,  Godalming.  —  Mr.  A.  Beech,  late  Gar- 
dener at  Wood  Norton  Hall,  East  Dereham,  has 
been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Edgar  Hibbert, 
Esq.,  Ashby  St.  Leger's  Lodge,  near  Rugby,  North- 
amptonshire. 


he    ipiaiiB. 


PREPARING  FOR  WINTER. 
As  the  winter  is  now  coming  on  bees  must  be 
immediately  put  into  winter  quarters.  If  there 
appears  to  be  any  chance  of  the  bees  running  short  of 
food  you  cannot  do  better  than  get  some  good  sound 
brandy-balls,  as  recommended  some  time  back  in  the 
Gardeners^  Chronklc  by  Mrs.  Long,  of  Sherrington 
Manor.  To  begin  with  our  friends  of  the  "  skep."' 
If  the  "skep"  has  a  hole  at  the  top  put  a  nice  little 
help— say  i  lb. — of  these  brandy-balls  carefully  on 
the  top,  and  cover  all  up  with  a  few  pieces  of  flannel 
or  carpet  ;  then  put  the  cover  on,  and  fasten  all  down 
to  keep  the  wiad  from  blowing  the  cover  olT.  A 
hackle  is  a  very  cosy  one  for  the  bees,  and  looks  cosy 
as  well.  The  only  thing  to  be  said  against  a  hackle 
is  that  mice  find  them  comfortable  also,  and  if  ths 
entrance  is  too  large,  so  that  they  (rhe  mice)  could 
enter  and  partake  of  the  honey  and  wax,  their 
delight  would  be  unbounded,  as  it  is  usually  sup- 
posed that  they  prefer  these  articles  to  a  tallow  candle. 
Therefore  look  well  to  these  things,  for  lallow  is  quite 
good  enough  for  the  best  of  mice.  I(  your  bar-framed 
hives  are  short  of  stores,  uncover  the  frames,  and  put 
some  brandy. balls  just  over  the  cluster  ;  then  cover 
up  with  two  or  three  pieces  of  flannel  or  carpef,  and 
then  do  not  open  th2  hive  agiin  till  spring.  When 
you  are  quite  satisfied  thit  the  season  for  robbing 
has  expired,  you  can  open  the  entrances  to  their  full 
length.  Vou  need  not  fancy  that  the  b^es  will  catch 
cold  ;  they  would  be  much  healthier  with  the  entrances 
fully  open  than  closed.  Bees  can  stand  cold  far 
better  than  they  can  damp,  therefore  do  a'l  you  can 
to  admit  the  air  into  the  hives.  Should  one  or  two 
warm  days  come,  and  the  bees  begin  to  rob,  close  up 
the  entrances  at  once,  so  that  only  one  bee  can  pass 
at  a  time.  Directly  the  weather  changes  to  cold 
again  the  entrances  could  be  again  opened  to  their 
fbll  width.  See  that  all  the  roofs  are  water-tight, 
and  if  they  are  not,  then  immediately  make  them  so. 
See,  too,  that  there  is  no  chance  of  their  beln;^  blown 
off.  That  would  be  disastrous  if  it  happened  in  the 
night.  If  your  hives  stand  on  their  own  leg^,  a  piece 
of  thick  tarred  string  tied  all  round  would  effectually 
secure  the  roofs.  If  you  have  hives  which  stand  on 
the  ground,  or  on  some  level  surface,  your  own  intel- 
ligence will  suggest  some  method  of  fastening  the 
roofs  on,  but  do  not  leave  them  to  chance.  Having 
done  all  these  things,  you  can  safely  let  things  alone 
out-of-doors,  i  e.^  as  far  as  the  bees  are  concerned, 
and  say  adieu  to  them  till  the  spring.  Meanwhile, 
you  can  turn  your  attention  to  various  things  con- 
nected with  your  pets  indoors,  and  I  hope  this  winter 
to  be  able  to  say  many  things  which  your  readers  will 
find  very  useful  and  practical.    Walter  Chiify,  Pewscy, 


Boiites  of  ^aalis. 

The  Law  of  Allotments.-  being  a  Treatise  on  the 
La7v  relating  to  the  Allotment  of  Land  for  the 
Labouring  Poor,  ^c.  By  T.  Hall  Hall,  M.A. 
(Longmans.) 

The  title  of  this  book  amply  suffices  to  explain  its 
contents  and  might  preclude  the  necessity  of  doing 
more  than  announce  its  publication,  were  it  not  that 
in  fairness  to  the  author  we  are  bound  to  commend 
the  clear  and  intelligible  manner  in  which  he  has 
"  laid  down  the  law."  How  far  the  author  would  be 
supported  by  the  judges  in  actual  practice  is  a 
matter  on  which  we  cou'd  not  presume  to  give  an 
opinion.  We  note  that  as  far  back  as  1873  there 
were  246,39s  allotments  in  Great  Britain,  the  area 
amounting  to  59,631  acres,  or  about  one  quarter  of  an 
acre  to  each  allotment,  so  that  it  is  no  new  thing. 
We  note  that  the  rules  of  the  Rothamsted  Allotment 
Club  are  given  in  full — rules  which  have  been  found 
to  work  satisfactorily  for  many  years.  From  the 
preface  we  learn  that  the  book  was  originally  intended 
to  be  incorporated  with  the  Eul  of  Onslow's  Z(ZH(/- 
lords  and  Allotments,  but  that  idea  was  abandoned 
when  it  was  seen  that  the  present  treatise  would  be 
so  large  as  to  prevent  the  circulation  of  that  useful 
little  book  among  the  classes  for  whom  it  was 
specially  intended.  Mr.  Hall  deals  with  the  legis* 
latioQ  on  the  subject,  the  conditions  of  letting,   the 


532 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[October  23,  1886. 


determination  of  tenancy  the  liglits  of  ihc  tcnanis 
and  of  the  landlords,  and  gives  numerous  illustrations 
of  the  forms  of  agreement  and  other  documents 
relating  to  the  subject. 


The  Construction  of   Silos  and  the  Compres- 
sion of  Green  Crops  for  Silage.     By  Thomas 
Potter.     Batsford,  52,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 
We  must  content  ourselves  in   these  pages  by  indi- 
cating the  nature  of  the  contents  of  this  volume.     It 
treats  of  the  construction  of  silos  and  the  making  of 
silage,   in  both  of  which  points  there    seems  to  be 
much  room  for  variation  and  differences  of  opinion. 
Mr.    Potter  gives  numerous  details  which  he  hopes 
*'  may   enable    those   who   intend    making  silage    to 
determine  with    respect   to   silos,    silage-stacks,    and 
means  of  compression  what  may  best  suit  individual 
requirements," 

School  of  Forest  Engineers  in  Spain  indicative 
of  a  Type  for  a  British  National  School  of 
Forestry.  By  J.  C.  Brown,  LL.D.  Edin- 
burgh :  Oliver  &  Boyd. 
The  unwearied  exertions  of  Dr.  Brown  in  the  cause 
of  forestry  have  now  led  to  the  publication  of  a 
volume — a  companion  to  the  many  he  has  already 
issued — and  devoted  to  making  known  the  regulations 
of  the  Forest  School  of  Spain  as  a  model  for  similar 
institutions  in  the  colonies.  It  seems  strange  and  not 
very  gratifying  to  our  self-complacency,  that  we 
should  have  to  go  to  Spain  for  such  a  model,  but 
Spain  has  been  wise  enough  to  follow  the  lead  of 
Germany,  and  to  modify  German  practice  according 
to  Spanish  need?.  Dr.  Brown  gives  a  summary 
account  of  the  training  and  tuition  given  in  the  Forest 
School  of  the  Escurial.  Special  subjects,  as  resin 
production  and  cork-stripping,  are  treated  of.  In 
the  latter  part  of  his  volume  the  author  advocates  the 
claims  of  Edinburgh  as  the  site  for  a  forest  school, 
and  sketches  a  scheme  of  instruction  based  on  his 
researches  and  observations  of  forests  and  forest 
schools  in  many  lands.  Most  of  the  schemes  pro- 
posed are  intended  for  the  instruction  and  training 
of  high' class  ofticers,  but  in  addition  to  that  we  think 
there  is  at  least  equal  necessity  for  training  foresters 
of  lower  grades,  and  this  the  great  expense  of  ordi- 
nary forest  schools  necessarily  precludes. 


best  is  that  which  is  made  from  the  greatest  variety  of 
Peppers.  The  pods  of  these  are  taken  when  fresh, 
stripped  of  their  seeds,  and  ground  into  a  paste  of  the 
consistence  of  fresh  spring  butter.  The  paste  is  put 
into  a  small,  well  dried  Gourd,  prepared  on  purpose, 
of  the  size  and  shape  of  a  well  grown  Orange.  The 
Gourd,  when  thus  charged,  is  then  coated  with  a 
layer  of  well  tempered  clay,  and  placed  in  the  sun  to 
dry,  or  to  ripen,  as  the  simple  people  who  prepare  it 
say  in  their  own  tongue.  By  the  time  the  clay  is 
well  baked  the  pulp  or  paste  within  has  been  dried 
into  a  fine  yellow  powder,  and  it  is  then  fit  for  use. 
Many  people,  ignorant  of  this  fine  art  of  the  Incas, 
have  supposed  quite  naturally  that  these  Aji-laden 
Gourds,  with  their  exquisite  flavour  and  retined  taste, 
were  some  uncommon  and  little  known  natural  fruits. 
The  other  method  of  preparing  Aji  is  to  grind  the 
seeds  with  the  pods,  which  simply  adds  great 
pungency  to  the  Pepper,  and  is  always  used  in  the 
preparation  of  Maize  or  Indian  Corn,  which  is  boiled 
in  its  own  husk  with  so  much  Aji,  and  surpasse  in 
flavour  and  pleasantness  any  vegetable  curry  of  the 
East.  The  Gourds  of  Aji  when  thoroughly  ripe  are 
cleansed  of  their  coating  of  clay,  tied  up  in  suitable 
leaves,  well  secured  by  the  fibre  of  the  Aloe,  and 
which  much  resembles  when  ready  for  market  reeves 
of  large  Onions,  a  dozen  Gourds  making  up  one  reeve 
of  Aji.  The  cost  of  these  in  the  good  old  times  was 
151/.  for  a  dozen  Gourds;  what  the  price  may  be  now 
is  only  known  on  the  Exchange." 

From'the  references  made  in  the  preceding  passage 
to  the  pods  and  seeds  being  ground  to  constitute  the 
Pepper,  it  will  be  readily  guessed  that  it  is  the  produce 
of  a  species  of  Capsicum,  notwithstanding  that  the 
writer  of  the  article  says  it  is  "not  the  Capsicum 
baccatum,     nor    the    C.    frutioosum,    nor    the    C. 


AJI-AJI,    THE    PEPPER    OF 
PEPPERS. 

Our  contemporary  the  Saturday  Rcvido,  in  its 
issue  for  September  iS,  had  an  article  under  the  mys- 
terious heading  of  "Aji-Aji,"  which  the  writer  at 
once  proceeded  to  explain  was  a  "compound  Quichuan 
word  "  for  Pepper  of  Peppers,  and  further  informed 
his  readers  that  "  both  word  and  thing  are  largely 
distributed  over  South  America,"  that  "  it  is  the  finest 
of  all  Peppers.  No  other  Pepper  in  either  hemi- 
sphere competes  with  it,  neither  the  Piper  nigrum,  nor 
the  Capsicum  baccatum,  nor  the  C.  fruticosum,  the 
C.  annuum,  nor  yet  the  Eugenia  pimenta.  All  these 
are  varied  merely  in  pungency,  some  being  sharp  and 
fiery,  others  caustic  and  stimulating,  and  some  prick- 
ing and  penetrating.  But  the  refined  and  delicate 
Aji  is  persuasive  and  enticing,  of  not  one  flavour  but 
many  flavours  ;  it  never  conceals,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, increases  whatever  of  fragrance  and  sweetness 
of  taste  or  smell  it  comes  in  contact  with."  The 
writer  then  proceeds  to  give  a  long  list  of  its  extra- 
ordinary virtues,  and  an  enumeration  of  the  articles  of 
food  it  may  be  used  to  improve,  from  a  new-laid  egg 
to  a  Strawberry  or  a  jug  of  mulled  claret.  It  is  said 
to  prevent  evil  effects  in  a  malarian  atmosphere,  and 
on  this  account  we  are  told  that  "the  War  Depart- 
ment of  the  United  States  has  secured  a  monopoly  of 
all  the  Aji  which  is  exported  from  South  America," 
and  further  that  "no  Aji  in  these  days  finds  its  way 
to  London,  and  that  which  we  once  enjoyed  in  the 
belief  that  it  would  never  fail  us  has  become  nothing 
but  a  sigh  and  a  regret.  It  remains  to  be  seen,"  the 
writer  continues,  "  whether  the  people  who  have 
acclimatised  the  Cinchona  trees  in  the  Neilgherries, 
in  Ceylon,  in  Jamaica,  and  in  Fiji  will  allow  them- 
selves to  be  deprived  of  their  delicious  and  inspiriting 
Aji." 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  part  of  the  Saturday 
Review's  article  is  that  which  treats  of  the  preparation 
of  Aji,  which  is  as  follows  : — "  There  are  two  kinds 
of  Aji,  but   there  is  only  one  way  of  preparing  it.    The 


In  the  Kew  Museum  are  numerous  varieties  of  the 
fruits  of  Capsicum  annuum,  all  bearing  the  name  of 
Aji,  and  the  museum  also  contains  specimens  of  the 
small  Gourds  filled  with  Capsicum  Pepper  as  de- 
scribed by  our  contemporary  ;  so  that  the  "Aji-Aji" 
of  the  Saturday  Review  is  clearly  the  produce  of  Cap- 
sicum annuum,  John  R,  Jackson,  Curator,  Museum, 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 


TEA,  COFFEE,  AND  CINCHONA 
INSECT   PESTS. 

The  ravages  of  insects  on  Tea,  Coffee,  and  Cin- 
chona plants  of  late  years  have  been  so  widespread  as 
to  threaten  serious  consequences  to  those  who  own 
large  plantations.  It  is,  however,  a  curious  fact  that 
few  have  deemed  the  subject  of  sufficient  importance 
to  devote  their  time  and  attention  to  an  intelligent 
investigation  of  these  insect  pests,  their  ways,  habits, 
methods  of  attack,  propagation,  &c.  ;  and  it  is  there- 
fore with  sincere  pleasure  we  have  perused  an  inter- 
esting paper  on  pests  of  the  homopterous  family  of 
Coccidas,  which  attack  Tea,  Cinchona,  and  Coffee 
plants,  read  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Atkinson,  C.S.,  at  a  recent 
meeting  of  the  Bengal  Asiatic  Society.  Mr.  Atkinson 
is  not  unknown  in  this  branch  of  science,  and  bis 
paper  will  doubtless  give  rise  co  a  proper  discussion 
of  this  subject. 

The  author  stated  that  he  sought  to  give  such  an 
account  of  this  important  family  of  insects  as  will 
induce  observers  to  take  up  its  study  seriously.  He 
went  on  to  say  that  it  comprises  those  insects  known 
as  scale-insects,  or  gall-insects,  which  are  so  hurtful 
to  the  Coffee,  Cinchona,  Tea,  and  fruit  trees  gener- 
ally. Nothing  of  value  has  yet  been  written  regard- 
ing the  species  of  this  family  that  occur  in  India,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Curteria  lacca  that  furnishes  the 
lac  and  lac-dye  which  form  such  valuable  articles  of 
export  from  Calcutta,  The  family  is  distributed 
amongst  the  sub-families  Diaspina,  Brachyscelina, 
Lecanina,  and  Coccina,  of  which  some  hundreds  of 
species  have  been  described,  but  very  few  of  which 
are  recorded  from  India.  The  larval  form  of  these 
insects,  he  said,  has  six  legs,  many  jointed  antennce, 
and  a  rostrum,  or  sucking  apparatus ;  the  adult 
female,  as  a  rule,  has  neither  wings,  legs,  nor  an- 
tennae, but  only  a  rostrum,  while  the  adult  male  has 
two  wings,  legs,  and  antennae,  but  no  rostrum,  or 
mouth.  Their  forms  vary  from  flat  to  spherical, 
many  are  covered  with  a  white  farinose  filamentary 
substance,  others  with  a  felted,  waxy,  nacreous,  and 
even  calcareous  substance.  All  are  minute,  and 
require  much  care  in  their  manipulation  and  preserva- 
tion.     The    author    disclaimed   all   idea   of   purely 


scientific  aims  in  this  popular  introduction  to  the 
study  of  a  much  neglected  group  of  great  economical 
importance  to  residents  in  the  East.  His  object  was 
to  collect  facts  on  which  hereafter  to  base  a  scientific 
examination  of  the  species  of  these  insects  occurring 
in  India. 

After  Mr.  Atkinson's  paper,  the  President  of  the 
Society  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  meeting  letters 
addressed  to  him  by  Mr.  Green,  of  Puduloya,  in 
Ceylon,  regarding  a  new  pest  belonging  to  the  Ho- 
mopterous family  Coccidre,  which  is  now  committing 
great  ravages  on  the  Coffee  plantations  there,  and  in 
some  cases  compelling  the  abandonment  of  its  culti- 
vation. 

Mr.  Green  writes  : — "  I  have  been  led  to  pay  some 
attention  to  the  Homoptera  of  Ceylon,  chiefly  by 
reason  of  the  fearful  destruction  caused  by  many  of 
their  number  to  agricultural  products.  I  am  now 
sending  you,  under  separate  cover,  a  few  specimens  of 
these  insects.     The  parcel  contains  : — 

"  (a).  A  glass  tube  with  Coffee  leaves,  on  the 
under  surface  of  which  you  will  find  a  species  of 
Lecanium.  This  has  only  lately  appeared  in  Ceylon, 
but  has  already  spread  in  an  astonishing  manner,  and 
has  caused  inconceivable  destruction  in  the  Coffee 
districts.  It  is  entirely  distinct  from  L.  coffese  and 
L.  nigrum,  noticed  by  Mr.  Neitner  in  his  pamphlet 
on  The  Coffee  Tree  and  its  Enemies.  Both  these 
species  I  am  familiarly  acquainted  with,  though  their 
ravages  are  now  very  slight  compared  to  the  work  of 
the  green  insect  now  forwarded.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  obtain  the  male  form,  though  both  sexes  of 
the  other  two  are  fairly  common. 

"  {l>).  Cinchona  twigs  with  a  species  of  Coccus 
lying  apparently  beneath  the  cuticle  of  the  bark, 
which  is  raised  in  the  form  of  small  blisters.  This-  is 
a  most  extraordinary  insect,  and  with  closely  allied 
species,  which  are  numerous  on  other  plants,  has  con- 
siderably perplexed  me,  especially  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  integument  which  covers  it.  In  the  specimens 
from  Cinchona  this  would  seem  to  be  actually  the 
cuticle  of  the  bark,  many  of  the  incipient  cracks 
extending  right  across  the  integument  of  the  insect. 
Those  now  sent  are  all  females.  The  male  form 
closely  resembles  those  in  the  tube  containing  spirits 
of  wine.  The  larvK  and  pupa  are  very  similar  to 
the  species  found  on  Tea  leaves.  The  adult  female 
has  neither  legs,  antennse,  nor  eyes,  the  only  external 
member  being  a  fine  sucking  bristle  (rostrum),  which 
proceeds  from  a  spot  near  the  middle  of  the  under 
surface.     In  the  young  all  the  members  are  complete, 

"  (f).  Loranthus  leaves  with  allied  species  of 
Coccus,  also  apparently  lying  beneath  the  cuticle  of 
the  leaf ;  but  on  examining  the  integument  uader  the 
microscope  with  transmitted  light,  one  finds  no  traces 
of  cellular  formation,  nor  any  stomata,  all  of  which, 
however,  are  complete  in  the  tissues  of  the  leaf  imme- 
diately below  the  insect.  Adhering  to  this  integu- 
ment, or  forming  part  of  it,  are  always  one  or  more 
of  the  characteristic  scales  of  the  Coccidte,  which 
would  seem  to  be  the  cast  skins  of  the  insect.  The 
young  larva,  after  fixing  itself  to  the  leaf,  soon  ex- 
hibits the  scaly  covering  on  its  posterior  half,  leaving 
the  anterior  part  free.  The  scale  is  then  shed, 
remaining  in  its  place,  and  the  insect  lies  freely 
beneath,  and  loses  all  its  external  members  except 
the  sucking  bristle.  The  integument,  under  a  high 
magnifying  power,  appears  to  be  composed  of  an 
irregular  network  of  sinuous  intersecting  filaments, 
with  no  trace  of  cellular  formation. 

"(d).  A  tube  containing  both  sexes  of  another 
species,  affecting  the  leaves  of  the  Loranthus,  The 
integument  of  the  female  is  continuous  with  the 
woolly  covermg  of  the  leaf.  The  males  are  minute 
red  flies,  with  one  pair  of  two-veined  semi-hyaline 
wings,  which  at  rest  are  folded  straight  down  the 
back,  completely  overlapping  each  other.  The 
antenna;  are  very  long  and  setaceous  ;  anal  extremity 
without  filaments,  but  with  a  long  central  point. 
Both  the  upper  and  the  under  surface  of  the  head 
appear  to  be  furnished  with  a  pair  of  eyes,  and  I  can 
find  no  ocelli.  The  lower  pair  of  eyes  correspond  to 
what  is  described  by  Neitner  in  his  rseudoecoctis  as 
'  two  black  knobs,  resembling  blunted  mandibles, 
representing  the  external  mouth.'  These  two  spots 
are  present  in  the  males  of  all  this  family,  and  I 
cannot  help  thinking  that  they  have  been  erroneously 
described  as  mandibles,  the  external  mouth,  in  my 
opinion,  being  present  only  as  a  minute  spot  between 
the  anterior  pair  of  legs,  in  the  same  position  in  which 
it  is  situate  in  the  female."  [Mr.  Green  is  right  in 
regarding  these  knobs  as  other  than  mandibles;  they 


OCTORER    23,     18 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


533 


are  eyes.]  *'If  the  head  of  the  insect  be  macerated 
in  water,  and  examined  with  transmitted  light,  all 
four  spots  appear  as  colourless  globules  with  two  con- 
centric dark  rings,  an  appearance  which  would  be 
given  by  the  cornea  of  the  eye." 

Unfortunately  most  of  these  specimens  suffered  so 
much  from  damp  in  transit  that  they  were  useless  for 
examination.  In  a  subsequent  letter  from  Mr.  Green 
it  is  stated  that  *'  The  green  Lecanium  has  spread  at 
an  extraordinary  rate,  and  we  have  in  consequence 
been  compelled  to  abandon  a  large  acreage  of  Coffee 
and  replant  the  ground  with  Tea.  This  species  is 
vastly  more  destructive  than  anything  of  the  kind  that 
has  previously  been  experienced.  The  ravages  of  L. 
coffeie  were  nothing  in  comparison.  It  is  curious  that 
though  they  have  been  increasing  so  rapidly,  there  has 
been  apparently  no  generation  of  male  insects." 

The  foregoing  facts  are  of  sufficient  importance  to 
owners  of  plantations  to  induce  them  to  devote  more 
attention  to  the  subject  than  hitherto  appears  to  have 
been  done,  and  by  investigation  to  hit  upon  remedies 
in  view  to  protecting  their  plantations  from  the 
ravages  of  these  insect  pests.  Indian  AgricuUarist^ 
September  18. 


"pRUIT      I^EQISTER. 


APPLE  NANCY  JACKSON. 
We  send  you  fruits  of  a  North  Yorkshire  Apple 
called  Nancy  Jackson,  which  we  suppose  to  be  little 
known  beyond  the  district.  The  fruits  we  send  are 
part  of  a  very  heavy  crop  growing  on  a  standard  tree 
on  sandy  light  soil,  not  particularly  well  suited  for  fruit 
growing.  It  is  an  unfailing  bearer.  James  Backhouse 
67"  Son,  [A  large  cooking  Apple  of  great  excellence, 
keeping  till  May,  and  well  worthy  of  cultivation  any- 
where. Ed.] 

Pear  Doyenne  de  Juillet. 
An  old  Pear,  small  in  size,  pretty  in  form  and 
colour,  good  in  flavour,  a  good  bearer,  and  one  which 
ripens  when  Peaches  are  scarce,  and  when  scarcely 
any  other  Pear  is  ripe.  M.  Burvenich,  who  describes 
and  figures  the  Pear,  says  that  it  does  not  succeed 
on  the  Quince.  Bulletin  if  Arboriculture,  September^ 


HONEY    UNDER     THE     MICRO- 
SCOPE. 

By  an  accident  one  day  last  month  three  sorts  of 
honey  were  upon  my  table.  The  first  may  be  called 
"  shop  honey,"  bought  in  London  ;  the  second  was 
"Imported  honey,"  sent  as  a  present;  the  third 
pure  country  honey,  brought  from  the  village  of  Tot- 
ternhoe,  in  Bedfordshire.  In  general  appearance  the 
three  samples  greatly  differed  from  each  other,  and 
the  difference  in  taste  was  equally  marked.  The 
taste  of  the  pure  village  honey  was  quite  distinct  from 
the  other  two.  My  microscope  being  always  at  hand, 
I  decided  upon  putting  a  fragment  of  each  sample 
under  a  low  power,  so  that  any  possible  ditTerences  in 
appearance  might  be  noted.  London  '*shop  honey" 
appeared  as  in  fig.  Io6.  The  general  syrup  was]full 
of  crystals,  probably  of  sugar,  in  each  field  of  view 
about  one  pollen  grain  could  be  seen,  as  illustrated  : 
there  were  traces  and  suggestions  of  somewhat  un- 
pleasant insect  remains,  and  possibly  piecces  of 
defunct  grubs.  "  Imported  honey  "  (fig.  107)  was 
similar  with  the  last,  but  with  about  three  times 
more  pollen,  and  with  crystals  of  larger  size  ;  insect 
traces  and  suggestions  about  the  same  as  in  the 
last,  I  could  see  no  flour  in  either.  Pure  village 
honey  was  quite  different  from  the  two  last,  being 
free  from  sugar  crystals,  quite  free  from  insect  remains, 
and  the  whole  syrup  full  of  pollen  grains  and  plant 
raphides  or  crystals,  as  illustrated  in  fig.  108. 

Persons  who  consume  "shop  honey"  only,  must  be 
quite  unacquainted  with  the  taste  of  true  village 
honey,  for  the  taste  of  one  is  in  no  way  comparable 
with  the  other.  Pure  honey  tastes  like  a  smooth 
sweet  nectar,  whilst  "shop  honey  "  tastes  rough,  like 
sugared  beeswax.  I  do  not  know  how  "shop  honey  " 
is  made,  but  from  its  taste  and  appearance  it  may 
quite  possibly  be  smashed-up  honeycomb  sweetened 
with  sugar — possibly  after  the  true  honey  has  been 
withdrawn,  a  few  defunct  bees  and  grubs  being 
squashed  into  the  general  mass. 
The  number  of^beautifully  preserved  pollen  grains  to 


be  seen  floating  in  pure  honey  is  marvellous.  So  well 
ate  the  numerous  grains  preserved  that  it  would  be  a 
very  easy  matter  to  name  them  and  by  thatevidencesay 
what  plants  were  frequented  and  what  plants  avoided 
by  the  bees.  I  have  no  opportunity  at  present 
for  naming  the  grains,  as  the  examina'ion  would 
require  time.  The  great  preponderance  of  grains 
belonging  to  the  Leguminosce,  especially  to  field 
Beans  and  Clover,  is  remarkable  ;  the  Ericace.-e,  as 
Heather,  and  the  Onagracese,  as  the  evening  Prim- 
rose, &c.,  are  both  well  represented.  The  Composite 
appear  to  have  but  few  bee  visitors.    For  any  one  with 


Fig.  106.— LONDON  "shop"  honey,  enlargbd  1 


Fig.   107. — IMl-ORTED 


the  necessary  time,  the  microscopic  appearances  be- 
longing to  different  honeys  would  be  a  good  subject  for 
study,  and  one  full  of  interest.  The  pollen  grains  are 
preserved  in  a  marvellously  ptrfect  state. 

I  have  before  written  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
of  ketchup  under  the  microscope  and  Perigord  pie 
under  the  microscope.  Neither  examination  had  a 
tendency  to  increase  one's  fondness  for  the  above- 
mentioned  delicacies.  The  microscope  does  not 
increase  one's  attachment  for  "shop"  honey.  Are 
"shop"  honey-bees  fed  anywhere  on  sugar  instead 
of  the  sweet  nectar  of  flowers? — do  they  never  visit 
flowers  and  bring  away  pollen  grains  ?— or  is  "  shop  " 
honey  old  broken-up  combs  or  sweetened  beeswax  ? — 
ot  what  is  it  ?  To  whatever  cause  the  great  differ- 
ences in  appearance  and  taste  may  be  due  one  fact  is 


clear,  viz.,  some  London  "  shop  "  honey  is  suspicious 
and  bad,  whilst  some  pure  village  honey  is  uncom- 
monly good.    Worthin^ton  G.  Smith,  Dunstable. 


J4oME     •pOFJFiEgPONDENCE. 


Artificially  Ripened  Pears. — About  the  middle  of 
September  I  found  that  I  was  likely  to  have  a  break 
in  the  supply  of  dessert  Pears  in  the  early  pait  of  this 
month,  and  as  I  did  not  wish  this  to  happen  I  took 
means  to  prevent  its  taking  place.  I  picked  a  half- 
bushel  basketful  of  large  clean  fruit  of  that  excellent 
variety  Marie  Louise  while  quite  dry,  and  placed 
them  singly  on  a  sheet  of  wadding  in  a  box,  then, 
having  put  another  sheet  of  wadding  over  the  first 
layer  of  Pears,  another  layer  of  the  latter  followed, 
and  so  on  until  the  box  was  qiite  full,  the  wadding 
being  used  to  exclude  air.  The  box  was  then  placed 
on  the  hot-water  pipes  in  a  late  vinery.  After  it  had 
been  there  for  a  week  or  ten  days  I  examined  the 
contents,  and  found,  but  not  to  my  surprise,  that  the 
Pears  had  ripened  beautifully,  the  fruit  being  full  of 
flavour  and  more  highly  coloured — that  is,  of  a  clearer 
and  deeper  yellow  than  I  have  ever  known  them  to  be 
when  ripened  in  a  cool  fruit-room.  Since  then  I  have 
treated  several  lots  of  Marie  Louise,  of  which  variety 
we  have  a  large  quantity,  in  the  same  manner,  with 
the  best  results.  Fruits  of  this  variety  which  we  have 
harvested  this  week  are  quite  hard,  as  they  will  remain 
for  some  weeks  longer.  By  this  method  the  season 
of  certain  Pears  or  Apples  fit  for  table  may  be  pro- 
longed ;  and  when  there  happens  to  be  a  good  supply 
of  any  variety  of  Pear,  and  they  are  allowed  to  ripen 
on  the  shelves  in  the  ordinary  way  in  the  fruit-room, 
the  fruit  cannot  all  be  used  for  dessert  whilst  good, 
consequently  it  must  either  be  sold  or  otherwise  dis- 
posed of,  but  which,  by  following  the  artificial  process 
of  ripening,  could  have  been  consumed  weeks  pre- 
viously. H.  ll\   lizard,  October  12. 

The  Codlin  Moth. — The  eggs  of  this  moth  are 
deposited  singly  on  the  apex  of  the  ovary  when  the 
Apple  is  in  flower  or  on  the  crown  of  the  fruit  later 
in  the  season  ;  the  caterpillar  is  hatched  in  a  few 
days,  and  eats  its  way  to  the  central  portion  of  the 
ovary,  and  at  first  does  not  attack  the  covering  which 
immediately  protects  the  young  seed.  It  prolongs 
its  burrow  until  the  rind  of  the  fruit  is  pierced,  form- 
ing a  tortuous  gallery  by  which  air  is  admitted  and 
excreta  discharged.  The  caterpillar  now  returns  to 
the  core  of  the  fruit,  pierces  the  covering,  and  obtains 
access  to  the  seed,  upon  which  it  feeds  until  the 
Apple  falls,  when  it  ascends  the  tree  and  enters  the 
chrysalis  state,  which  in  the  earlier  part  of  the 
season  is  of  short  duration,  the  moth  emerging 
to  deposit  its  eggs  as  already  described.  The 
numbers  of  this  destructive  pest  of  the  Apple  tree 
may  be  lessened  considerably  by  stripping  or  cutting 
off  all  loose  bark  on  the  stem  and  older  limbs,  and 
all  moss  or  lichen  should  be  scraped  off,  so  as  to 
afford  the  least  possible  shelter  for  the  caterpillar  after 
it  leaves  the  fruit,  and  expose  it  for  a  longer  time  to 
the  attacks  of  birds.  The  best  period  to  destroy  the 
insect  is  during  the  caterpillar  stage,  when  advantage 
should  be  taken  of  its  habit  of  climbing  the  stems  of 
the  trees.  Bands  of  stout  paper  5  inches  wide  are 
attached  to  the  stem  in  such  a  way  that  the  upper 
margin  fits  tightly  all  round,  whilst  the  lower  margin 
is  sufficiently  loose  to  allow  the  caterpillar  to  creep 
beneath  it  without  difficulty.  The  insect  readily  takes 
possession  of  the  shelter  afforded  by  the  band,  and, 
constructing  a  light  web,  passes  into  its  dormant 
state.  The  bands  should  be  examined  once  a  week, 
and  the  caterpillars  destroyed.  All  fallen  fruit 
should  be  promptly  collected  and  destroyed  before  the 
caterpillars  have  time  to  creep  out.  M. 

Ivy- leaved  Pelargoniums. — Pelargoniums  of 
various  sections  have  long  been  established  favourites, 
and  enthusiastic  florists,  gardeners,  and  nurserymen 
have  bestowed  much  patience  and  skill  in  trying  to 
produce  flowers  possessing  qualities  superior  to  those 
already  in  existence.  How  well  they  have  succeeded 
in  their  endeavours  may  be  best  judged  by  comparing 
the  splendid  varieties  now  in  existence  with  those  of 
older  types,  and  such  perfection  has  been  reached 
among  the  zonal  and  nosegay  sections  as  to  leave  but 
little  to  be  desired.  But  it  is  only  within  recent 
years  that  any  great  advance  has  been  made  in  the 
Ivy-leaved  kinds  (Pelargonium  peltatum),  which  are 
now  richer  in  those  soft  and  pleasing  shades  of  pink 
and  rose  that  find  so  many  admirers.  Their  trailing 
habit  renders  them  most  suitable  for  many  kinds  of 
floral  embellishment  that  other  Pelargoniums  are  not 
adapted  for.  We  find  them  very  useful,  when  grown 
in  small  pots,  for  drooping  over  the  sides  of  stages 
or  arranged  in  vases  in  conjunction  with  other  plants 
for  table  decoration.  Grown  in  baskets  they  are 
also  very  effective ;  their  deep  green  glossy  leaves 
and  pretty  flowers  only  require  to  be  seen  to  be 
admired,    Aaothei  excellent   way  of  growing  them 


534 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[October  23.  1886, 


is  to  pot  a  few  old  plants  into  8  or  loinch  pots, 
constructing  a  Ireliis  of  pyramidal  form  to  train 
them  to,  and  as  soon  as  llie  plants  have  filled 
the  allotted  space  allow  them  to  (lower.  As  they 
are  rapid  -  growing  subjects  they  can  soon  be 
grown  into  fine  s-pecimens,  which  well  repay  the 
labour  that  may  have  been  bestowed  upon  them. 
In  March  and  April  we  strike  great  numbers  of  them, 
which  are  grown  on  in  cold  pits  till  they  are  trans- 
ferred to  their  blooming  pots  of  from  4  to  6  inches. 
They  are  then  given  a  good  open  position  out-of- 
doors,  and  as  soon  as  the  roots  are  plentiful  the  plants 
receive  weak  farmyard  manure-water  two  or  three 
times  a  week,  and  occasionally  two  or  three  pieces  of 
nitrate  o!  soda,  about  the  size  of  Peas,  are  giveii  to 
each  pot  ;  this  is  an  excellent  stimulant  for  all  kinds 
of  plants,  but  it  requires  to  be  used  in  small  quantiiies, 
or  gross  growth  would  be  encouraged.  As  auiumn 
approaches  and  there  is  danger  from  frost  the  plants 
are  placed  in  frames  till  the  winter  quarters  (a  li(;ht 
span-rooled  house)  are  ready  (or  their  reception.  Alter 
they  are  placed  in  this  structure  they  receive  a  teni- 
peralure  ranging  between  55°  an  1  63°,  and  a  fair 
amount  of  air  whenever  the  weather  is  favourable  ; 
the  plants  flower  much  more  satisfactorily  during  the 
dull  days  of  auiumn  when  kept  at  this  temperature 
than  in  one  that  is  cooler.  Some  of  the  plants  are 
tied  to  a  stick  placed  in  the  centre  of  each  pot,  while 
the  shoots  of  others  are  allowed  to  droop  over  the 
sides  of  the  pot,  as  it  is  always  a  good  plan  to  have 
plants  trained  in  various  ways  for  decorative  purposes. 
The  soil  used  throughout  consists  of  three  parts  turfy 
loam  to  one  o(  decayed  manure,  wilh  a  little  sharp 
sand  added  ;  moderately  rich  soil  and  firm  potting 
being  the  important  factors  in  producing  well  ripened 
6owering  shoots.  The  following  are  all  splendid 
varieties,  and  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  garden  :  — 
De  Brazza,  bright  salmon  ;  Jeanne  d'Arc,  white, 
tinted  wiih  lavender;  Isidore  P'eral,  light  rose; 
Gloire  d'Orleans,  crimson-magenta ;  Comtesse  Horace 
de  Choiseul,  pale  rose  ;  and  Comte  Horace  de 
Choiseul.   H.  Dunkin. 

Heavy  Apples. — Noticing  an  answer  in  the 
Gankiurs'  Chronicle,  on  page  440,  respecting  a  large 
Emperor  Alexander  Apple,  that  weighed  I  lb.  30Z., 
you  stated  that  was  the  heaviest  on  record,  does  that 
apply  to  the  Emperor  Alexander  alone,  or  to  other 
varieties  as  well?  as  I  have  this  day  gathered  a 
specimen  of  Warner's  King,  which  weighed  20  oz  It 
is  in  circumference  about  15  inches.  H.  Kent, 
The  GarJens,  TytUnhani^er  Pa<k,  St.  AWam.  [The 
weight  given  was  that  ot  Emperor  Alexander  Apple. 
El).] 

Bees  and  Colour,— Surely  "  W.  II.  R.,"  at 
pp.  471  and  472  of  this  volume  must  have  been 
writing  without  reflection  when  he  said  of  bees  that 
"  it  is  their  exquisite  sense  of  smell  alone  that  serves 
them  in  collecting  honey,  as  is  proved  by  their  never 
visiting  unmelliterous  flowers  of  any  hue."  The 
Poppies  are  well  known  for  their  brilliant  hues,  but 
they  produce  no  honey,  and  are  frequently  visited  by 
bees  and  other  insects  for  the  pollen.  The  same 
statements  apply  to  Anemone  angulosa  and  the 
numerous  varieties  of  A.  Ilepatica,  while  bees  are 
recorJed  to  have  visited  the  equally  unmelliferous  A. 
nemoiosa  to  suck  the  sap  by  piercing  the  base  cf  the 
flower.  The  British  Roses  afford  another  instance  of 
showy,  more  ot  less  highly  coloured  and  fragrant 
flowers,  with  a  numerous  array  of  stamens,  but  no 
honey.  What,  then,  do  bees  visit  them  for  if  not  for 
pollen?  The  showy  flowers  of  Onions  are  fertilised 
by  bees,  but  contain  no  honey,  and  Mueller  has  fre- 
quently observed  male  bees  searching  for  nectar. 
There  can  be  liitle  question  that  showy  coloured 
flowers  are  frequently  visited  by  bees  in  search  of 
honey,  as  I  have  olten  observed  the  latter  in  large 
open  flowers  rushing  about  in  an  uncertain  manner 
evidently  in  quest  of  what  was  not  there.  If  their 
exquisite  sense  of  smell  served  in  every  instance  to 
detect  honey,  why  do  bees  alight  on  hundreds  of 
flowers  they  do  not  enter  at  all,  or  in  other  instances 
only  enter  half  way,  and  then  retreat  ?  On  the  other 
hand,  I  have  witnessed  the  humble  bee  collecting 
pollen  from  Pedicularis  sylvalica,  which  produces 
honey.  The  manner  ot  colliding  was  also  sin- 
gular. Alighting  on  the  lower  lip  she  quickly  walked 
on  to  the  side  of  the  upper  lip  before  inserting  her 
proboscis  between  the  anthers.  A  similar  process  is 
performed  by  the  hive  bee  in  collecting  pollen  from 
the  numerous  varieties  of  Crocus  vernus.  Alighting 
generally  on  the  edge  of  the  perianth  she  walks  on 
to  the  stigma,  or  alights  directly  on  the  stigma,  and, 
descending  to  the  stamens,  hurriedly  dislodges  the 
pollen  which  she  collects  anon  by  rubbing  her  hind 
legs  over  it  while  adhering  to  the  stamens  or  the 
multifid  stigma.  At  the  same  time  I  have  witnessed 
humble  bees  collecting  pollen  dropped  by  their  more 
powerful  (because  more  numerous)  rivals  at  the  base 
of  the  expanded  limb  ot  the  perianth,  where  it  was 
retained  by  a  set  of  hairs  in  the  throat  of  the  slender 
lube.  These  instances  are  sufiiciently  numerous  to 
prove  that  bees  visit  large  and  highly  coloured  though 


unmelliferous  flowers  (or   the  sake  of  their  pollen. 

7-P- 

In  reference  to  what  "W.H.R.  states  respect- 
ing colour  having  no  influence  on  bees  collecting 
honey,  some  few  years  back  in  the  spring,  when  Cro- 
cuses were  in  bloom,  I  was  watching  some  bees  collect- 
ing honey  ;  the  Crocuses  were  mixed  in  about  equal 
proportion — blue,  white,  and  yellow— and  I  found 
the  bee  that  commenced  with  the  whiti  Crocus 
kept  to  the  white  till  he  had  obtained  his  load, 
and  then  left  ;  and  so  on  with  the  other  colours,  each 
keeping  to  one  colour.   Dromeo. 

Plants  in  Flower  at  Swancliffe  Hall.— It  was 
my  privilege  a  few  days  ago  to  visit  Swancliffe  Hall, 
Ripley,  Yorkshire,  ihe  seat  of  Captain  Greenwood, 
and  there  I  met  with  one  of  the  best  flowered  plants 
of  Lapageria  rosea  that  I  have  seen  for  a  long  time. 
The  plant  is  planted  in  a  narrow  pit  under  the  staging 
in  a  span-roofed  greenhouse  running  north  ami  south, 
and  is  trained  close  under  the  roof,  of  which  it  covers 
a  good  portion  on  one  side  of  the  house,  and  is  literally 
one  mass  of  bloom.  I  c-iunted  750  fully  expanded 
blooms,  with  scores  of  buds  to  follow  on  ;  one  shoot 
had  sixteen  fine  blooms  open  and  ten  buds  to  follow, 
and  numbers  of  others  with  from  twelve  to  eighteen 
blooms,  all  of  grand  size  and  substance.  On  the 
opposite  side  of  the  house  is  a  fine  healthy  young 
plant — three  years  planted — of  L.  alba,  which  has 
flowered  quite  as  profusely  as  the  var.  rosea,  but  which 
had  been  shorn  of  most  of  its  finest  blooms  for  the 
sad  purpose  of  making  wreaths  and  crosses  for  the 
funeral,  the  previous  week,  of  Mr.  (greenwood. 
There  are  many  other  good  things  equally  well  done 
in  this  fine  garden,  including  a  grand  plant  of  Ste- 
phanotis  floribunda,  which  covers  from  one  end  to  the 
other  all  the  front  portion  of  the  roof  of  a  lean-to 
stove  about  30  feet  long,  and  which,  I  was  toH,  is 
rarely  to  be  seen  out  of  bloom.  There  is  also  a  fine 
healthy  stock  of  Eucharis,  with  no  sign  whatever  of 
the  dread  disease.  A  nice  batch  of  Poinsetlias  looked 
very  promising,  and  another  of  Gardenia  florida,  with 
growths  like  young  Willows,  and  a  nice  healthy  young 
stock  of  Crotons,  Dracsnas,  &o.,  for  decorative 
purposes.  Two  or  three  cold  pits  are  filled  with 
Violets,  for  winter  blooming,  of  Marie  Louise  ind 
Neapolitan — the  first-named  wa;  already  pushing  up 
quantities  of  strong  buds.  All  the  beds  and  borders, 
both  in  the  pleasure-grounds  and  kitchen  gar  len,  are 
filled  with  a  great  variety  of  herbaceous  plants  and 
hardy  annuals,  which  furnish  immense  quantities  of 
cut  flowers  over  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  The 
general  keeping  of  the  whole  place  reflects  the  highest 
credit  on  Mr.  William  Stanton,  the  courteous  head 
gardener.  B.  Ashlon,  Glossop  Hall  Gardens,  Der- 
byshire. 

Gardenias  for  Flowering  during  the  Winter 
and  Early  Spring. — We  have  found  it  a  good  plan, 
in  order  to  secure  the.-e  results,  to  keep  the  plants 
cool  during  the  summer  months  ;  some  of  ours  are, 
in  fact,  now  (October  12)  standing  in  a  Peach  house 
where  the  lights  (both  back  and  front)  are  open  all 
night.  We  purpose,  however,  to  transfer  them  to  a 
warmer  house  or  pit  in  a  few  days,  and  then  hope  to 
see  some  of  the  forwardest  buds  soon  push  up.  The 
main  crop  of  flowers  will,  however,  turn  in  early  in 
the  new  year  sooner  than  is  the  case  with  plants  that 
are  kept  continually  in  a  warm  atmosphere.  It  takes 
an  increased  temperature  to  induce  such  plants  to 
flower  readily  early  in  the  season  from  two  reasons  ; 
firstly,  through  the  earliest  buds  having  pushed  up 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  and  autumn,  and 
secondly,  by  their  not  responding  to  slight  forcing  as 
those  plants  do  that  have  been  kept  cool.  Gardenias 
that  are  treated  to  a  lower  temperature  may  not  look 
so  healthy  and  thriving,  especially  at  this  season,  but 
they  will  soon  assume  their  wonted  vigour  and  health- 
ful appearance  when  placed  in  a  genial  atmosphere. 
Where  it  is  desirable  to  increase  stock  with  rapidity 
we  would  advise  growers  to  take  off  large  bushy 
growths  for  the  purpose,  as  large,  in  fact,  as  plants 
are  usually  seen  in  4-inch  pots  :  this  will  be  found 
to  be  easily  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  a  pr.ipa- 
gating  pit  and  a  good  command  of  bottom-heat. 
They  will,  in  fact,  strike  almost  as  readily  as  Willows, 
and  if  wanted  to  progress  rapidly  it  is  only  necessary 
to  turn  them  out  into  the  open  soil  in  a  pit  with  good 
command  of  heat,  when,  after  a  few  months'  treat- 
ment, they  will  give  abundant  bloom  Such  a  slock 
can  be  treated  in  the  cool  method,  where  it  is  needed, 
by  giving  an  abundant  supply  of  air  or  by  the  removal 
of  the  lights  during  the  summer  months.   J.  Hudson. 

Beautiful  Annuals.— Among  the  best  annuals  of 
the  gardens  in  this  neighbourhood  are  the  Scabious 
and  Salpiglossis  ;  they  have  both  been  exceedingly 
beautiful,  and  even  now  they  put  the  vaunted  bedders 
to  shame  for  fieshness,  duration  of  bloom,  and  rich 
colours.  Scabious  varies  Irom  white  to  black-crimson, 
and  comprises  many  intermediate  shades  of  light 
pink,  lilac,  red,  and  bright  rosy-crimson.  It  is  far 
more  efiective  and  manageable  as  a  bouquet  flower 
than  the  Aster,  and  requires  less  trouble  and  care  in 
raising.      Salpiglossis  is  less  hardy  and  the  foliage 


more  scanty  and  uninteresting,  but  its  flowers  more 
than  compensate  for  the  defect.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  elegant  of  annuals  and  probably  contains  the 
greatest  variety  of  colours.  Of  what  other  flower 
can  it  be  said  that  there  are  all  the  colours  of  the 
rainbow — white,  pink,  rose,  lavender,  the  deepest 
crimson,  yellow,  orange,  blue  and  purple?  Then  it 
is  charming  for  vases  when  placed  loosely  and  with 
plenty  of  room.  Linum  grandiflorum  is  a  beautiful 
annual,  and  the  colour  —  a  brilliant  magenta  — is 
unique  ;  but  it  has  long  been  seeding,  and  so  has  the 
dwarf  Convolvulus  and  the  blue  Corn-flower,  Cyanus. 
The  most  brilliant  dwarf  annual  for  beds,  if  the 
weather  happens  to  continue  fine,  is  the  Portulacca. 
By  the  way,  the  Antirrhinum,  sown  in  March,  pro- 
duces a  fine  display  of  bloom  throughout  the  autumn. 
T,  W.,  Harro-u: 

Pruning  Evergreens. — I  notice  on  p.  492  that  we 
are  told,  "  Laurel  banks  may  be  trimmed  in  as  much 
as  desired,"  and  well  remember  some  Laurel  beds  in 
a  cold  and  damp  situation  that  were  severely  pruned 
a  few  years  since  in  the  autumn  previous  to  a  severe 
winter.  They  had'grown  much  out  of  bounds  by 
previous  neglect,  and  had  got  patchy,  and  were 
accordingly  beheaded,  leaving  about  iS  inches  of 
leafless  stems  to  start  into  growth  again  the  following 
spring.  However,  the  frosts  which  followed  (about 
27°)  killed  them  to  the  ground,  while  others  close  by 
that  were  not  pruned,  escaped  almost  unhurt.  Of 
course  it  is  easy  to  see  the  cause  of  this  aftewards, 
but  I  take  it  as  a  substantial  proof  that  it  is  best  to 
defer  all  severe  pruning  of  tender  evergreens  until  all 
danger  of  sharp  frost  is  over.  If  the  situation  is  a 
warm  one,  or  if  a  good  supply  of  foliage  is  to  be  left 
on  the  trees,  there  is  not  so  much  danger  of  un- 
pleasant results.  !V.  H.  Divers,  Kellon  Hall.  [We 
think  by  "trimmed  in  "  our  correspondent  did  not 
intend  heading  back,  which  should  always  be  deferred 
to  the  spring,  or  even  summer  time,  as  the  healing 
process  is  rapid  then,  and  wood  does  not  die  back.  Ed.] 

Tobacco. — I  have  been  much  amused  at  the  letters 
and  statements  published  on  the  matter  of  the  growth 
of  Tobacco  ;  from  these  letters  and  statements  one  is 
led  to  believe  that  something  very  wonderful  has  been 
achieved  in  growing  in  England  a  plant  hitherto 
believed  to  require  a  tropical  climate,  and  that  some- 
body deserves  a  statue  for  opening  up  a  new  source 
of  industry  and  manufacture.  This  happy  and  won- 
derful discovery,  wh  ch  is  to  drive  away  all  agricul- 
tural depression,  and  to  be  a  flaming  beacon  to  the 
starving  farmer,  who  has  only  to  purchase  a  packet  of 
seed  which  he  can  carry  in  his  waistcoat  pocket,  sow 
next  spring,  cure  the  leaves  produced,  and  secure  a 
fortune,  deserves  all  praise  and  encouragement — all 
success,  and  exemption  from  undue  interference  from 
the  exciseman  ;  but  I  warn  the  Government  to  keep 
a  sharp  look-out,  ot  they  may  become  bankrupt  by 
loss  of  daty  on  foreign  Tobacco,  when  the  home 
article  has  crowded  the  market  !  To  make  up  the 
anticipated  deficit  I  hope  they  will  not  increase  the 
Income-tax.  Well  now,  how  has  this  Tobacco 
craze  been  set  afloat,  and  what  is  there  in  it  ?  Young 
men  may  be  excused  on  the  score  of  youth,  old  men 
on  the  score  of  failing  memory  ;  but  surely  there 
must  be  many,  many  men  now  alive  who  grew 
Tobacco — grew  it  well  ;  cured  Tobacco,  and  cured 
it  well  ;  used  Tobacco,  and  used  it  to  good 
purpose,  some  fifty  years  ago.  I  grew  Nicotiana 
virginici  and  another  kind,  and  after  some  few 
experiments  succeeded  in  making  a  very  decent  cigar 
—certainly  a  much  better  article  than  the  ordinary 
penny  Cuba  cheroot.  My  case  was  by  no  rneaas  a 
solitary  instance,  for  I  know  at  that  time  it  was  a 
usual  crop,  and  to  be  seen  in  m-5st  gentlemen's 
gardens,  ordinarily  on  the  front  of  a  Vin;  border,  or 
some  such  place,  well  exposed  to  the  sun,  grown  for 
the  gardener's  use  in  fumigating,  &c.  Tiuly  there  is 
nothing  new  under  the  sun,  but  I  have  a  notion  there 
might  be  something  new  even  in  Tobacco  culture  in 
England  if  we  could  increase  the  power  of  that  sun  ; 
but  can  we?  There's  the  rub  1  If  not,  ho  .v  can  we 
hope  to  emulate  those  climes  which  now  supply  us 
with  Tobacco,  Maize,  &c,  ?  If  scientists  have  dis- 
covered a  means  to  increase  indefinitely  our  sun-power 
[the  electric  light],  then  let  us  at  once  erect  the  statue 
to  the  introducer  of  Tobacco  culture  in  1SS6,  forgetting 
that  fifty  years  ago  it  was  grown  in  many  places  in 
England  ;  our  lack  of  memory  indeed  will^  be  quite 
excusable,  for  fifty  years  ago  there  was  no  Gardeners' 
Chroniele  to  tell  us  what  was  going  on,  so  that  it  is 
perhaps  not  wonderful  that  success  or  failure  in  the 
culture  of  the  fragrant  weed  received  scant  notice  ; 
nay,  it  is  perhaps  not  wonderful  that  the  experiments 
of  1SS6  are  only  repetitions  of  those  of  1S36  ;  for,  as 
far  as  I  can  discover,  no  new  thing  has  been  made 
known  and  the  knowledge  gained  in  the  former  year 
seems  to  have  been  lost  or  forgotten  in  the  latter  one. 
But  there  is  a  darker  side  even  to  the  triumphant 
picture  of  a  Tobacco-covered  England,  True,  with 
very  little  attention  the  Tobacco  seed  developed  into 
a  majestic-looking  plant,  and  produced  magnificent 
leaves,  but  then  came  the  time  of  tribulation.     In  my 


October  23,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


535 


own  case,  I  was  driven  nearly  distracted  when  people 
asked  *' What  will  he  do  with  it?"  And  sorely 
pressed  was  I  to  answer  the  question.  The  leaves 
approaching  maturity  and  assuming  a  delicate  prim- 
rose colour,  indicated  that  the  harvest  was  nigh,  bu*: 
then  came  the  difficult  question  to  decide,  Hj^v 
nigh?  Whether  at  the  very  doors,  or  only  withm 
a  measurable  distance  ?  To  gather,  however,  was 
the  least  difficulty — but  to  dry?  If  allowed  to  dry  too 
much  they  became  brittle,  if  too  little  they  grew 
mouldy,  and  the  least  speck  of  mould  spoiled  the 
whole  mass.  Then  the  rib?.  What  snares  and  delusions 
they  were ;  bow  often  my  whole  happiness  w^s 
wrecked  by  those  dreadful  ribs.  Still,  given  a  rich 
soil,  a  good  warm  summer,  and  last,  but  not  least,  a 
dry  late  autumn,  very  good  Tobacco  was  groAn 
fifty  years  ago  ;  and  now,  given  a  cold  wet  summer, 
a  dripping  autumn,  and  early  frosts,  I  would  ask,  in 
the  language  of  the  old  farmer,  who,  when  noting 
the  difference  between  a  coach  accident  and  a  railway 
smash,  said,  in  the  former  it  wa;,  **  Well,  here  we 
are."  but  in  the  latter,  **  Where  are  we?"  And, 
"  Where  are  we?  "  I  would  emphatically  ask  of  the 
enthusiasts  in  Tobacco  culture  after  the  cold,  wet 
season  described  above?  Charles  Noble. 

Double  Tuberous-rooted  Begonias. — Tuber- 
ous-rooted Begonias  have  come  to  the  front  during  the 
past  few  years,  and  have  been  rapidly  improved  upon  ; 
perhaps  no  one  has  been  more  successful  in  raisinggood 
varieties  than  Mr,  Geeson,  the  gardener  at  Haldon 
House,  and  many  of  which  are  to  be  found  in  most 
private  collecrions.  He  has  paid  most  attention  to 
the  double  varieties,  the  consequence  of  his  labours 
being  a  diversified  and  splendid  lot,  among  which 
may  specially  be  mentioned  : — White  Lidy,  a  very 
beautiful  large  and  free-flowering  variety,  which 
makes  a  good  specimen  plant,  the  best  of  the 
double  whites  yet  cultivated.  Perfection,  a  bold 
crimson  flower,  of  good  substance  and  shape,  a 
strong  grower,  would  form  a  good  parent,  together 
with  some  good  upright  flowering  variety.  Sulphur 
Queen,  a  very  beautiful  light  yellow,  fine  bud  when 
opening,  good  grower.  Exonia,  a  distinct  variety, 
deep  pink,  long  and  narrow  petals,  very  full  and  free- 
flowering.  Snowball,  pure  white,  medium  size  flower, 
very  double,  a  most  pleasing  variety.  Canary,  creamy- 
yellow,  distinct  from  Laing's  Canary.  John  Parr,  a 
seedlmg  of  l8S6,  deep  red,  of  great  substance,  and 
bulky  flower.  Lord  Haldon,  his  best  seedling  of  the 
year,  deep  scarlet,  very  full  and  deep,  like  a  series  of 
double  flowers  packed  regularly  together  ;  a  grand 
flower.  Juarezi,  a  novelty,  the  colour  of  the  Cactus 
Dahlia  of  that  name,  and  the  petals  partaking  some- 
what of  the  same  ;  it  will  be  a  great  acquisition  if  it 
remains  constant.  Carnation,  also  a  novel  flower, 
perhaps  not  an  appropriate  name,  it  being  a  fine  pink 
with  white  centre  and  with  imbricated  petals.  Beauty, 
a  vcre  compact  pink,  the  petals  overlapping  each 
other  so  beautifully,  very  distinct.  He  has  other 
named  varieties  well  worthy  of  remark,  but  the  above 
are  the  best,  selected  from  some  thousand  seedlings. 
Singles  have  not  made  much  headway  under  his 
manipulation,  but  the  upright  single  is  doing  him  some 
service,  as  he  has  produced  some  few  promising 
upright  forms  of  doubles,  which  under  his  skill  may 
develope  into  some  of  very  good  upright  form,  which, 
through  showing  themselves  naturally,  and  being  of  a 
siifTtir  habit  and  useful  for  cut  flowers,  cannot  fail  to 
become  the  Begonia  of  the  future.  Just  a  few 
remarks  relative  to  the  mode  of  culture  may  interest 
your  readers.  Double  pollen  has  been  very  scarce 
this  year,  so  that  next  year  will  not  produce  much, 
perhaps,  that  is  new,  though  the  seed  from  one  pod 
may  produce  a  great  variety.  The  seed  is  sown  in 
boxes  in  light  sandy  soil  in  February,  in  gentle  heat, 
and  covered  with  glass  ;  and  as  soon  as  tit  to  handle 
the  seedlicgs  are  pricked  off  in  boxes  and  pans 
thickly,  and  as  they  increase  in  size  they  are  again 
pricked  off  in  boxes,  so  that  by  the  end  of  May  they 
are  fit  to  be  transferred  to  the  open  ground  in  a  warm 
situation,  where  they  seem  to  thrive  better  than  if 
grown  in  pots,  the  soil  used  in  both  instances  being 
old  potting  soil  with  plenty  of  leaf-mould  and  sand. 
Treated  so  they  seem  to  grow  and  thrive  well,  pre- 
senting during  the  summer  and  autumn  months  a 
gorgeous  display  of  bloom.    Visitor, 

Tuberous  Begonias  at  Messrs.  Laing's, 
ForestHill.— Accompanied  by  some  gardening  friends 
during  a  recent  peregrination  in  and  around  your 
metropolip,  I  visiied  Stanstead  Park  and  nurseries 
to  see  Messrs.  Laing's  tuberous  begonias  bedded  out 
and  growing  in  the  open  air  as  contradistinguished  from 
the  customary  system  of  growing  and  blooming  them 
under  glass.  Although  this  was  the  primary  object  of 
our  visit,  we  saw  and  learned  many  other  things. 
Though  tuberous  Begonias  have  for  about  half-a- 
dozen  years  been  largelyand  successfully  grown  bedded 
out,  in  several  gardens  around  here,  and  many  other 
parts  of  Ireland,  indeed,  I  am  not  sure  if  our  moist 
climate  and  more  equable  temperature  does  not  give 
us  an  advantage  over  England,  yet  no  previous  con- 
ception would  enable  a  stranger  to  realise  the  enormous 


numbers,  the  great  range  of  colours,  or  the  great  size 
and  substance  of  the  blooms  to  be  seen  in  the  open 
air.  It  must  be  recollected  I  am  now  speaking  of 
seedlings  raised  from  the  firm's  own  home-saved  seed  — 
such  as  they  supply  to  their  custom-rs— raised  in  heat 
in  seed  pans  in  January.  At  first  the  growth  is  slow, 
but  when  established  great  prioress  is  rapidly  made, 
and  the  young  seedlings  are  fit  to  plant  out  in  June. 
They  can  now  raise  seedlings  true  to  name  and  colour 
and  of  uniform  size  for  beddinf^  purposes.  Tne  colours 
are  so  varied  and  the  foliage  in  most  cases  so  handsome 
that  it  is  no  stretch  of  the  imagination  to  find  them 
supersede  carpet  bedding,  as  a  friend  remarked  to  me 
at  Hampton  Court.  Tiiere  were  distinct  panels  of 
colour  in  the  beds  at  Stanstead  Park  far  more  brilliant 
and  gorgeous  than  anything  observed  at  Hampton 
Court  or  in  any  of  the  parks.  For  those  commencing 
Begonia  culture  for  bedding  purposes,  it  will  be  safer 
and  more  satisfactory  to  begin  with  dry  bulbs,  which 
can  be  obtained  wondrously  cheap  during  any  ol  ih2 
four  months  of  winter,  and  of  course  true  to  name 
and  colour,  B^ds  or  patches  of  the  same  variety  or 
colour  are  alw-ays  most  eti*:ciive.  For  this  purpose 
Messrs.  Laing  cannot  recommend  any  forcing  by 
fire-heat — "  L-it  them  start  naturally  in  spring  "  is  the 
motto.  They  continue  to  bloom  into  November  — 
probably  some  of  the  beds  we  saw  are  still  brilliant  - 
mine  are  still  outside  and  unaffected  by  rain  or  storm. 
Thin  papery  flowers,  weak  growers  with  reclining 
blooms,  or  those  with  narrow  side  petals,  are  all  ruth- 
lessly rejected  among  the  seedlings;  bright  round 
flowers,  of  great  substance,  and  very  floriferous,  are 
the  watchwords,  and  by  the  thousands  these  are 
gradually  obtained  here.  Indoors  we  saw  several 
houses  of  the  named  famous  doubles,  so  often  observed 
at  the  metropolitan  shows,  but  I  must  not  intrude 
further  on  your  space  than  to  ask  permission  to  think 
Mr.  Liing,  Jut.,  for  the  courtesy  we  received.  IV* 
J,  Murphy,  Clonmel. 

Colour  of  Primroses. — Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents give  the  facts  as  to  the  influence  of  the 
constituents  of  the  soil  on  the  colour  of  Primrose 
fl:>Wirs?  I  am  desirous  of  learning  whether  any 
cases  are  known  of  in  which  the  flowers  of  iran-:- 
planted  plants  have  been  afl'^cted  in  co'our  by  change 
of  soil  at  the  first  tim;  ol  fl  jwering  after  transplan- 
tation ;  and  aUo  whether  seedlings  from  plants  thus 
affected  inherit  this  change  of  colour  in  any  degree 
when  transferred  to  other  soils,  or  when  planted 
again  in  the  original  soil.  A.  B, 

Fuchsia  corymbiflora.  —  I  have  known  this 
plant  for  a  great  many  years,  and  meet  it  occasionally 
in  ihis  county,  where  old  favourites  are  not  lost,  sight 
of.  The  plant  is  easily  grown,  and  may  be  plan'ed  out 
in  May,  and  taken  up  in  October  and  placed  under 
the  greenhouse  s-tage  till  the  following  spring.  I  came 
across  a  plant  so  treated  the  other  day  on  tie  highest 
hill  in  this  ounty — viz.,  Crowborough,  Soo  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  this  treatment  answered  perfectly,  and 
the  trusses  of  blossom  were  magnificent.  Another 
old  kind  of  Fuchsia  (fulgens)  is  still  grown  by  the 
cottagers.  This  is  really  a  tuberous-rooted  kind,  and 
very  easily  managed.  I  have  very  often  wondered 
why  these  two  have  not  been  more  used  by  raisers  of 
new  kin^s;  they  are  so  very  distinct  in  habit.  F. 
microphylla  I  also  found  in  a  cottage  window;  this 
is  the  smallest  of  all  the  Fuchsias,  and  very  neat  in 
growth.  The  old  globosa  I  grow  in  vases  at  my 
office-door;  and  many  are  the  cutting=;  begged  for 
"  Auld  Lang  Syne,"  'J.  Kust,  Bridge  Castle^  Sussex. 

Solanum  capsicastr  Jm. — Oar  stock  of  this  most 
useful  and  ornamental  berry-bearing  plant  never 
looked  better  for  the  season  of  the  year  than  they  do 
at  the  present  time.  They  are  loaded  with  berries, 
only  the  forwardest  of  which  are  changing  colour,  as 
they  are  nat  "  wanted  "  before  the  Chrysanthemums 
are  over  ;  there  is  yet  plenty  of  time  for  them  to  finish 
up  and  make  handsome  subjects  for  the  conservatory 
for  the  Cfiriatmas  season.  They  are  still  growing  in 
the  open  ground,  but  we  hope  to  have  them  potted  up 
by  the  timi  this  is  in  print.  After  this  operation  is  per- 
formed, they  will  be  stood  in  a  cold  frame  raised 
sufficiently  high  to  take  them  comfortably,  the  tallest 
standards  being  some  2  feet  6  inches  in  height.  Atten- 
tion with  regard  to  shading  during  bright  sunshine 
and  exclusion  of  cold  or  sharp  currents  o(  air  will  be 
necessary,  but  a  close  humid  atmosphere  muit  nut 
prevail,  although  frequent  syringing  for  a  time  will 
be  requisite  to  induce  fresh  root  action.  Daring 
quiet  weather  and  at  night  air  will  be  given  freely, 
the  lights  even  left  off  when  most  favourable  to  the 
same.  We  never  fear  any  material  check  in  lifting 
although  they  have  not  been  cut  round  with  a 
spade  at  any  previous  time ;  our  practice 
being  to  shake  ofi  all  the  old  soil  when  the 
plants  are  turned  out  in  June,  and  the  roots  trimmed 
in  when  needful  at  that  time.  When  lifted  therefore 
the  balls  are  found  to  be  one  mass  of  fibrous  roots  to 
the  centre  of  the  plants,  with  of  course  no  trace  what- 
ever of  having  been  turned  out  of  their  pots  some 
months  previous.     After  the  plants  have  served  their 


course  in  the  conservatory  in  the  spring  (luring  March 
generally),  we  remove  them  to  the  late  vinery,  then  on 
the  move,  keeping  them  dry  for  a  week  or  two,  they 
are  then  divestei  of  their  berries  and  pruned  back 
the  same  as  with  Fuchsias.  Having  fairly  broken 
into  new  grjwth  they  are  gradually  hardened  off  prior 
to  being  again  planted  out  in  their  summer  quarters. 
Daring  August  or  early  in  September,  when  a  good 
set  of  berries  is  secured,  the  plants  are  gone  over  and 
all  shoots  stopped  back  close  to  the  berries  ;  this  con- 
centrates the  sap  at  once  to  iha  development  of  the 
latter,  besides  bringing  them  into  more  prominent 
notice  as  well  as  contributing  to  their  well-being  by 
more  exposure  to  the  light.  Attention  is  needed  at 
times  during  very  dry  weather  in  the  way  of  watering, 
and  a  good  soakmg  should  be  given  before  the  plants 
ari  lii'ted  ;  the  green-fly  may  at  Uvca^  be  troublesome, 
but  a  little  tobacco-powder  will  soon  set  this  matter 
right.  We  have  adopted  this  m^ihoi  with  but  slight 
variation  for  several  seasons,  and  have  never  found  the 
system  to  fail  us,   J.  Hudson. 

Daffodil  Seed  and  Cross-Fertilisation. — A 
writer  in  one  of  your  contemporaries  says  Daffidil 
raising  is  not  likely  to  remiin  much  longer  a  kind  of 
lost  or  occult  art  ;  we  may  look  forward  to  being 
able  to  purcha<=e  of  the  seedsman  for  a  modest  ciin  a 
packet  of  Dafijdil  seed,  as  we  can  now  Amaryllis 
seed,  "carefully  hybridised,"  and  likely  to  produce 
many  new  and  beautiful  varieties.  Ai  to  "cross- 
fertilisation  "  aad  its  eff.-ct,  I  do  not  think  I  need 
wait  for  five  or  six  years  to  ascertain  results.  My 
friends  in  the  Colonies,  America,  and  Canada,  will 
be  very  glad  to  get  *'  mixed  packets  ;  "  and  the  seed 
offered  by  me,  I  believe,  tor  the  first  time  in  Eng- 
land, has  up  to  this  been  all  sold  as  such,  and  instruc- 
tions given  that  it  may  be  so.  It  is  probable  that 
what  I  have  been  trying  to  effect  with  the  brush, 
aided  by  the  bees,  from  early  in  February  in  our  mild 
climate,  to  the  end  of  April,  will  be  lost  to  science  ; 
meantime,  I  have  myself  separately  sown  each 
cross  in  large  quantity,  and  shall  be  only  too 
glad  to  give  results  at  a  future  lime.  What  am  I 
to  do  with  all  the  seed  that  can  be  saved  on  my 
grounJs  for  six  years?— my  first  year's  crop  having 
resulred  in  a  gross  of  14  oz,,  all  sorts  which  I  con- 
sidered it  would  be  waste  to  pitch  into  the  rubbish- 
heap.  As  regards  whit  others  may  have  done  we 
have  very  little  knowledge,  but  we  are  led  to  believe 
by  what  the  late  Mr.  Nelson  wrote  a  few  days  prior 
to  his  death,  that  cross-fertilisation  was  not  resorted 
to.  Mr.  S.  A.  De  Graaff,  of  Leyden,  has  a  variety 
of  seedlings  in  store  for  us,  all  wind-ferlilised  or 
chance  hyt>rids  ;  and  the  late  Mr.  Backnouse  wrote  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chroniele,  June  10,  1S65,  that  results 
were  the  same  under  artificial  crosses  and  chance 
lertilisation.  As  to  eflects  resulting  between  seed 
saved  from  a  cross  between  a  Corbularia  and  major 
variety,  I  have,  some  four  years  since,  given  bulbs 
of  .the  ommon  Corbu'aria  to  a  fii-nd  to  try  his 
** 'prentice;hand  "  between  it  and  the  Tenby  Daffo- 
dil. He  has  raised  some  300  seeds,  the  bulbs  of 
which  flowered  this  spring,  exhibiting  the  Corbularia 
in  a  "giant  form,"  and  now  at  present  many  are 
appearing  ab-)ve-ground  in  a  cold  greenhouse  with 
the  foliage  of  the  Tenby.  He  ha?  sent  me  test  bulb.s 
which  are  to  be  known  as  *'  Smythe."  \V.  B.  Hart' 
land,  Cork.  [We  have  omitted  some  portions  of  our 
correspondent's  letter,  as  they  concern  our  contem- 
porary rather  than  ourselves,  or  our  readers.  Ed.] 

Strawberries  Ripe  Out-of-doors. — On  the  occa- 
sion of  a  visit  to  Sarisbury  Green.  Hants,  on  the  iSth 
inst.,  the  Strawberry  plants  at  Chill  were  looking  as 
in  spring  rather  than  in  October ;  and  on  looking  over 
a  Urge  lie  i  of  Sir  Joseph  Paxton  I  saw  upon  about  a 
hundred  fruits,  most  of  which  were  colouring,  and 
some  were  quite  ripe.  These  plants  were  growing  in 
the  garden  of  Mr.  J.  J.  King,  Myrtle  Cottage,  who 
has  about  one  thousand  pots  of  Sir  J.  Paxton,  as  fine 
plants  as  I  have  seen  this  season.    IV.  D. 

The  Ivy  ira  Guernsey. — The  common  Ivy  here 
seems  to  be  a  distinct  variety.  WhiUt  roaming 
lately  with  several  friends  through  the  delightful  lanes 
of  this  lovely  island — so  rich  in  greenery  of  all  sorts 
•  —our  attention  was  repeatedly  arrested  by  the  singu- 
larly neat  growth  and  beautiful  green  colour  of  the 
Ivy  growing  in  great  luxuriance  everywhere.  It  was 
not  the  Irish  Ivy — that  was  evident,  the  leaves  being 
much  smaller  and  altogether  a  neater  and  prettier 
plant.  It  was  njt  either  like  the  common  English 
Ivy,  being  of  a  stubbier  growth  and  the  leaves  of  a 
uniform  bright  emerald-green  colour.  Could  it  be 
the  climate  that  was  rendering  it  so  distinct  and 
beautiful  ?  It  might  be  so.  But  no  !  — for  here  at 
our  very  feet  was  the  common  English  Ivy,  with  its 
prominent  veinings  and  the  peculiar  purplish  shade 
so  characteristic  ot  this  variety  Here  also  was  the 
Irish  Ivy — all  three  being  quite  distinct.  The  com- 
pact growth  and  beautiful  emerald-green  of  the 
Guernsey  variety  being  most  conspicuous.  How  has 
it  escaped  notice  so  long  ?  Perhaps  it  has  not.  The 
word  "emerald"  suggests  our  comparison  of  it  with 


ss"* 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  23,  1886. 


Hibberd's  emerald-green— one  of  the  best  Ivies 
^rown— and  we  are  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  they 
are  very  similar  if  not  identical.  If  so,  would  it  not 
he  better  to  call  it  at  once  the  Guernsey  Ivy  (Hedera 
Helix  var.  sarniensis)  ?  A.  F.  B. 

Arenaria  norvegica  in  Scotland. — I  think  it 
miy  interest  you  to  know  that  I  picked  up  a  speci- 
men of  Arenaria  norvegica  on  the  bank  of  the  river 
Loanan,  at  lochnadamph,  near  the  head  of  Loch 
Assynt,  on  August  7.  When  I  saw  the  plant  (which 
I  identified  as  above  the  day  following)  it  struck  me 
as  being  something  I  had  never  gathered  before.  I 
went  back  to  near  the  spot  where  I  had  seen  it  a  few 
days  later,  but  could  not  find  more  just  then,  but  on 
the  way  home  I  came  upon  a  good  patch  of  about 
seventy  or  eighty  plants,  coveting,  I  should  say,  about 
10  square  yards  or  thereabouts,  perhaps  more,  of  the 
river  bank  (a  light  sandy  alluvium).  This  was  at  a 
distance  of  a  few  hundred  yards  from  where  I  found 
it.  I  sent  a  specimen  a  short  time  ago  to  Dr.  Stirton, 
of  Glasgow,  and  I  understand  he  was  much  pleased 
at  the  discovery.  I  have  been  collecting  lichens  for 
him,  and  shall  forward  them  to  him  for  description. 
A.  Gray,  Tongue,  Sutherland.  [We  should  be  greatly 
obliged  if  our  correspondent  would  kindly  send  a 
specimen  to  us.   Ed.] 

Grafted  Grapes. — I  have  often  heard  it  said  that 
black  Grapes  should  not  be  grafted  on  white  ones, 
because  they  would  not  then  colour  well.  According 
to  my  experience  this  is  not  the  case,  it  is  quite  dif- 
ferent to  that  of  "  F.  L."  in  your  last  issue.  We 
have  growing  here  three  kinds  of  black  Grapes,  all 
grafted  on  stocks  of  white  kinds.  Gros  Colmar  and 
.\lnwick  Seedling  are  on  Foster's  Seedling  ;  they  are 
growing  in  the  late  vinery,  and  at  the  present  time 
are  carrying  a  crop  of  perfectly  coloured  Grapes.  The 
other  is  Barbarossa,  grafted  on  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
and  growing  in  the  Muscat-house  ;  it  was  inarched 
about  two  years  ago,  this  year  it  is  carrying  two 
hunches,  which  are  quite  black.  We  have  also  Duke 
of  Buccleuch  inarched  on  Black  Hamburgh,  which 
always  gives  us  bunches  good  in  size  and  colour,  but 
some  of  the  berries  crack  at  the  footstalks  ;  this,  how- 
ever, is  not  the  fault  of  the  slocl .  as  the  Duke  does 
ihe  same  on  its  own  roots.  When  the  Alnwick 
Seedling  was  inarched  two  spurs  were  left  on  the 
stock  below  the  union  ;  on  these  we  sometimes  allow 
a  bunch  to  remain,  we  have  then  white  and  black  on 
the  same  roots,  and  both  all  that  could  be  desired  in 
colour,  according  to  their  respective  kinds.  I  think 
ihat  when  a  black  Grape,  grafted  on  the  stock  of  a 
white  one,  will  not  colour  well,  the  cause  must  be 
sought  for  elsewhere  than  in  the  stock — most  probably 
it  will  be  in  the  border  in  which  it  is  growing.  A, 
Baker,  Hindlip. 

In  your  last  issue  "  F.  L."  says  he  has  never 

been  able  to  produce  satisfactory  black  Grapes  from  a 
union  with  a  while.  I  may  slate  that  at  a  fruit  show 
held  at  Luton  on  September  29  Messrs.  Lane  &  Sons, 
of  Berkhampstead,  showed  a  collection  of  Grapes  and 
other  fruits.  Conspicuous  amongst  the  Grapes  shown 
were  three  bunches  of  Gros  Colmar  in  marvellous 
perfection  ;  the  colour  was  equal  to  the  finest  Gros 
Maroc  or  Alnwick  Castle  Seedling.  I  asked  Messrs. 
Lane's  manager  in  charge  which  slock  they  preferred 
for  Colmar ;  he  informed  me,  nothing  but  Foster's 
Seedling  (white).  I  confess  that  for  finish  I  never 
saw  anything  that  could  surpass  them,  and  any  one  who 
wishes  to  grow  the  Colmar  in  proper  form  may  safely 
follow  in  Messrs.  Lane's  footsteps.    W,  M.  B. 

Gynerium  jubatum. — Some  time  since  I  met 
with  a  description  of  what  purported  to  be  a  new  and 
very  interesting  plant,  Gynerium  jubatum.  I  pur- 
chased it  at  once,  but  alas  I  it  is  now  in  flower,  and 
proves  a  very  inferior  variety  of  Gynerium  argenteum. 
Query  :  Is  there  such  a  plant  as  G.  jubatum,  and  what 
is  it  like  ?  Charles  Noble. 

Pears  and  Apples  in  the  North,— I  notice  in 
your  report  of  the  fruit  show  at  South  Kensington 
that  the  Marie  Louise  Pears  from  Lambton  Castle, 
Durham,  took  third  honours;  with  a  remark  that  they 
were  fine  fruit  for  that  northern  county.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  if  the  Pears  were  grown  under 
glass  or  in  the  open  air.  Lambton  Castle  is  some- 
thing like  50  miles  north  of  this  place,  our  soil  is 
especially  good  for  Pears,  but  on  account  of  the  late- 
ness of  the  season  we  have  nothing  approaching  to 
ripeness  or  size  to  compete  with  the  Southern  growers. 
I  have  on  two  occasions  taken  second  honours  for 
Marie  Louise  Pears  at  South  Kensington,  and  once  I 
took  first  for  the  heaviest  Alfriston  Apples,  Mr. 
Snow  of  Wrest  Park,  Surrey,  taking  second  :  the  fol- 
lowing year  we  changed  places — he  was  first  and  I 
second.  On  those  occasions  the  summers  were 
summers  ;  and  we  were  able  to  compete  with  Southern 
growers  of  fruit  on  more  equal  terms.  For  the  last  seven 
or  eight  years  I  have  had  no  fruit  to  equal  those  in 
size  ;  the  warm  seasons  have  been  so  short  and  dull, 
it  was  almost  impossible  to  grow  fruit  to  its  natural 
size  ;  and,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  this  season  has 


been  one  of  the  worst.  Althogh  the  month  of  May 
was  so  disastrous  for  the  Apple  and  Pear  bloom,  I 
found  the  greater  part  of  blooms  very  small  and  im- 
perfect, almost  entirely  without  the  pistil,  conse- 
quently no  fruit  could  be  expected  ;  this  must  have 
been  caused  by  the  cold,  dull  weather  of  1SS5.  The 
month  of  May  in  this  year  was  especially  bad  for 
fruit  ;  we  had  rain  on  twenty-one  days,  in  all 
4J  inches,  and,  what  was  worse,  we  had  frost  more 
or  less  on  twenty-eight  nights,  in  consequence  many 
of  the  immature-formed  buds  did  not  open  in 
the  spring,  but  have  flowered  all  through  the 
summer,  to  the  horror  of  the  superstitious,  who  fancied 
something  terrible  must  happen  in  consequence.  The 
farmers,  too,  are  suffering  in  the  North  from  the  late 
season.  The  lateness  in  a  great  measure  was  caused 
from  the  bad  weather  in  the  months  of  April  and 
May,  so  that  the  corn  crops  could  not  be  got  into 
the  land  for  quite  six  weeks  after  their  proper  time. 
This  and  a  bad  autumn  is  most  disastrous  to  the 
Northern  farmer — many  of  them  as  yet  have  never 
housed  a  sheaf.  Up  to  the  time  I  now  write 
(October  iS)  we  have  had  3§  inches  of  rain  in  this 
month.  From  the  cause  I  have  stated  the  farmers 
are  behind  with  their  crops— I  am  behind  wiih  the 
Pears.  If  our  friend  in  Durham  will  give  us  a  hint 
how  he  has  grown  these  fine  Pears  in  this  bad  season 
he  will  do  myself  and  others  a  kindness,  and  also  prove 
himself  a  grower  of  big  Pears  as  well  as  a  grower  of 
big  Grapes.    William  Culverwell,  North  Yorkshire. 

Peas. — In  order  to  avoid  confusion  it  is  well  to 
notice  while  this  subject  is  being  discussed  that 
"Ketton  Hall,"  as  part  of  the  signature  on  p.  502 
is  a  mistake,  it  should  be  "  Wierton,  Maidstone," 
instead,  which  is  very  different  in  climate  to  this 
place.  In  addition  to  what  I  have  already  said  on 
this  subject,  now  that  the  season  is  almost  over  I 
would  again  testify  to  the  good  qualities  of  Sturdy  as 
a  late  crop  Pea  ;  our  latest  sowing  of  this  variety  was 
made  on  June  iS,  together  with  Dr.  Maclean,  York- 
shire Hero,  and  Walker's  Perpetual ;  Dr.  Maclean 
was  ready  to  gather  on  September  2  ;  Sturdy,  Sep- 
tember 7  ;  Yorkshire  Hero,  September  9  ;  Walker's 
Perpetual,  September  iS.  Yorkshire  Hero  and  Dr. 
Maclean  were  soon  over  ;  the  other  two  varieties  are 
bearing  now,  and  will  continue  for  some  time  longer, 
if  frost  does  not  kill  them.  Walker's  Perpetual  has 
the  heaviest  crop  at  the  present  time,  but  for  flavour 
and  appearance,  both  before  and  after  cooking. 
Sturdy  is  much  the  better  of  the  two.  I  have  this 
day  (October  iS)  had  a  dish  of  it  for  dinner  that  was 
good  enough  for  a  king,  or  any  one  else.  This  variety 
was  raised  by  Laxton,  and  distributed  by  Messrs. 
Veitch.    ;;'.  H.  Divers,  Ketton  Hall,  Stamford. 

Veitch's  New  Pea,  Prodigy.— I  think  this  Pea 
should  not  be  blamed  for  shedding  its  bloom  as 
described  by  Mr.  Divers.  I  am  of  opinion  that  any 
Pea,  whatever  name  it  may  go  by,  would  stand  a 
poor  chance  "on  a  dry  soil,  and  with  a  scorching 
sun,  and  no  means  of  watering."  I  am  very  pleased 
wiih  it,  grown  on  good  ground,  with  plenty  of  manure 
underneath  it,  and  one  or  two  good  drenchings  of 
water  :  it  has  been  very  much  praised.  It  certainly 
has  a  grand  appearance  when  well  grown,  and,  as  Mr. 
Divers  says,  it  cooks  of  a  nice  green  colour,  and  is  good 
at  table.  What  more  can  be  desired  ?  G.  Merritt, 
Kiinpton  Hoo,  Herts. 


;  overcast 


ST  A  TE  OF  THE  IVEA  THER  A  T  BLACKHEA  TH,  LOXDON, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  October  ao,  1886. 


Hygrome- 

Tical    De- 

Barometer 

E  Air. 

from 
Glaistier's 

Wind. 

Q 

Tables  5th 

Editioa. 

Q 



g 

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1    lit 
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fiP. 

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s      S, 

1- 

Oct 

i„.     If.  ,  „  1  . 

. 

^ 

„ 

„ 

In. 

14 

39.56-01458.0 

39.0 

19  0 

48.S 

-   "9 

43  9 

«4 

s.w. 

0.00 

IS 

>8  86-o.83S9-  = 

455 

13-5 

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+  17 

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s.w. 

0  30 

16 

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8.5 

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+   0., 

475 

91 

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O.OI 

17 

28.90  —0.8s  53  3:47» 

6.348  8 

-    I.O 

43.4 

79 

Var. 

0.00 

18 

29.34—0.4755  5|39  ■ 

16.547-5 

-  3.3 

46.3 

95 

S.E. 

0.04 

•9 

39.40  —0.31,59  04s  0 

14  0  51  4 

+  1.9J50  0 

95 

S.E. 

0.00 

« 

29.S'  — =-"9  59-0.47-» 

.3.0:53.5 

-t-  3251  3 

96 

S.E. 

0.02 

Mean 

29.15-05657.044.= 

13.850.1 

4-  0.3  47.5 

A 

S.W.: 
S.E. 

0-37 

+. — Fine  and  bright  generally,  but  at  I 

anil  dull. 
■y  — Bad  stormy  day,  readings  of  barometer  decreasing 

all  day,  and  at  midnight  was  28.67. 
i. — The  morning  rough  and  stormy.     At   11.30  A.M, 

the  barometer  reading  was    28.44.     A   bad   day 

throuhhout. 
7.— Very  dull  and  rough  morning,   the  weather  mo- 

derated  towards  the  evening, 
i— Overcast  all  day,  morning  misty,  showery  in  even- 
ing. 
I. — Morning    dull,   afternoon    bright.     Lightning    at 

night. 
).— Generally  a  dull  damp  day. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  l6th,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.42 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29  98  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  nth,  decreased  to  29.13  inches  by 
9  P.M.  on  the  I2th,  increai^ed  to  29.78  inches  by  the 
afternoon  of  the  14th,  decreased  to  28.62  inches  by 
half-past  II  on  the  i6th,  and  was  28.81  inches  at  the 
end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.43  inches,  being  0.35 
inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.44  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  60°. 5,  on  the  nth;  the 
highest  on  the  13th  was  54°.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  58°. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  39°  on  the  14th  j 
the  lowest  on  the  12th,  was  50°. 5.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  45°.  3. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
19°  on  the  14th,  the  smallest  was  8°.5  on  the  i6th 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  I2°.7. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  51°.?  on  the 
lolh,  52°. 7  on  the  nth,  Si°.2  on  the  12th,  49". 2  on 
the  13th,  48°.5  on  the  Hlh,  5i°.9  on  the  15th,  and 
50°. 2  on  the  l6th.  These  were  all  above  their 
averages  with  the  exception  of  the  13th  and  14th, 
which  were  I°.5  and  i°.9  below,  byo°.I,  I°.4,  4°.2, 
I°.7,  and  o°.2  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  5I°.3, 
being  6°.8  lower  than  last  week,  and  o°.6  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  o(  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  114°  on  the  loth.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  readings  was  S4°.9. 

Rain.—V.s.m  fell  on  six  days  to  the  amount  of 
0°.  72-inch. 

England  :  Temperature.— Dui'mg  the  week  end- 
ing October  i6th,  the  highest  temperatures  were  64°.6 
at  Cambridge,  63°  at  Truro,  and  62°  at  Leeds  ; 
the  highest  at  Newcastle  was  56°,  at  Preston  58°, 
and  at  Wolverhampton  58°.  4.  The  general  mean 
was  60°. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  at  Wolverhampton 
34°. 8,  at  Cambridge  38°,  and  at  Blackheath  39° ; 
the  lowest  at  Truro  was  47°,  at  Plymouth  46^.5,  and 
at   Liverpool  45°.  6.     The  general  mean  was  4I°.9. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Cam- 
bridge 26°.6,  at  Wolverhampton  23°.6,  and  at  Black- 
heath  2r.5  J  the  least  ranges  were  at  Newcastle  12°, 
at  Preston  13°,  and  at  Liverpool  I3°.2.  The  general 
mean  was  18°.  I. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Cambridge  59'.6,  at  Truro  59°.  I,  and  at 
Plymouth  5S°.9i  and  lowest  at  Newcastle  54°.S.  2' 
Sheffield  55°.I,  and  at  Bradford  and  Sunderland  S5°.S. 
The  general  mean  was  57°. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  49°.4,  at  Plymouth  48°.6,  and  at 
Brighton  48°.  4  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
40°,  and  at  Nottingham  and  Hull  43°- 7-  The 
general  mean  was  45°.  9.  The  mean  daily  range  was 
greatest  at  Wolverhampton  15°.  S,  at  Cambridge,  14°.  5, 
and  at  Hull  14°. 2  ;  and  least  at  Newcastle  S°.4,  at 
Preston  8°.  7,  and  at  Liverpool  8°.  8.  The  general 
mean  was  n''.  i. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro  SS".!, 
at  Plymouth  52°.7,  and  at  Brighton  5i°.8  ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Wolverhampton  46°. 9,  at  Shefiield  48*.S, 
and  at  Sunderland  49°.  2.  The  general  mean  was 
50°,  4. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  3.19  inches  at  Truro, 
3  10  inches  at  Bristol,  and  2.13  inches  at  Brighton; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.72  inch  at  Blackheath,  0.95 
inch  at  Wolverhampton,  and  1.03  inch  at  Sunder- 
land. The  general  mean  fall  was  1.57  inch. 
Scotland:   Temperature.— Dating  the  week  end- 


October  23,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


SZl 


ing  October  i6th,  the  highest  temperature  was  62° 
at  Glasgow  ;  the  highest  at  Leith  was  57°.5.  The 
general  mean  was  59°.  2. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  34°.! 
at  Aberdeen  ;  the  lowest  at  Greenock  was  42°. 
The  general  mean  was  39°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh 
and  Greenock  50°.  I  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen  48°. 3. 
The  general  mean  was  49**.  6. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  3  43  inches  at 
Greenock,  the  smallest  fall  was  o  36  inch  at  Aber- 
deen.     The  general  mean  fall  was  1.41  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


(fnquirits. 


Zadok  Stevens.  —  The  announcement  of  the 
death  o!  *' Stevens  of  Trentharo,"  on  Wednesday, 
the  20th  inst.,  though  it  wiil  not  come  as  a  surprise 
to  those  who  knew  the  precarious  state  of  his  health, 
will  occasion  the  sincerest  regret.  Mr.  Stevens  was 
so  excellent  a  practitioner,  and  at  the  same  time 
a  man  of  such  force  of  character  and  uprightness 
that  bis  loss  will  be  severely  felt.  Stevens  occupied  a 
high  place  in  the  foremost  rank  of  practical  gardeners. 
We  believe  that  he  was  foreman  at  Trentham  under 
Mr.  A.  Henderson,  and  afterwards  6IIed  a  position  in 
the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  Veitch  at  Chelsea,  where  he 
gained  great  credit  for  his  successful  cultivation  of 
the  Azalea.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Henderson, 
Stevens  was  appointed  by  the  Duke  of  Sutherland  as 
head  gardener  at  Trentham,  an  establishment  which 
be  conducted  with  marked  ability,  excelling  in  the 
culture  of  fruit  and  of  cool  Orchids  for  upwards  of 
twenty  years.  He  naturally  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  leading  horticultural  events  of  his 
time,  and  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Veitch 
Memorial  Fund.  Last  year  he  showed  signs  of 
pulmonary  disease  and  passed  the  winter  and  spring 
in  Egypt,  where  he  recovered  to  such  an  extent  that 
be  was  enabled  to  be  present  at  the  meeting  at  South 
Kensington  on  October  13.  As  a  writer  he  was  not 
a  frequent  correspondent  of  the  journals,  but  his  clear- 
sightedness and  thoroughly  practical  character  invested 
what  he  wrote  with  special  value  and  signiBcance. 
Mr.  Stevens  died  at  Trentham  on  the  day  mentioned, 
in  his  fifty-third  year.  In  our  columns,  pp.  505 
and  540,  in  1872,  we  published  an  article  describ- 
ing the  gardens  of  Trentham,  and  there  demon- 
strated that  under  the  energetic  management  of 
Mr.  Stevens  the  old  fame  of  Trentham  was  not 
only  maintained,  but  enhanced  ;  and  so  it  con- 
tinued  to  be,  even  under  altered  circumstances,  to 
the  last. 

Mrs.  Stenger. — A  very  sad  loss  has  befallen  Mr. 
Hermann  Slenger,  who  must  be  known  to  many  of  our 
readers  as  having  been  the  representative  of  various 
houses,  and  latterly  of  MM.  Vilmorin,  Andrieux  &  Co. 
Owing  to  total  paralysis  of  the  lower  half  of  the 
body  Mr.  Stenger  has  been  almost  entirely  dependent 
upon  his  wife  for  the  last  few  years,  and  now,  to  his 
inexpressible  grief,  his  devoted  helpmate  has  been 
taken  from  him  by  an  attack  of  apoplexy.  This 
terrible  calamity  occurred,  we  are  informed,  on  Thurs- 
day, October  14. 

Mr.  Bradley. — With  deep  regret  we  have  to  an- 
nounce the  death  of  Mr.  Bradley,  who  died  on  the 
I4tb  inst.  Mr.  Bradley  was  born  in  1819,  at  Powis 
Castle  Gardens,  Montgomery.  His  father  was  for 
many  years  head  gardener  to  Lord  Powis,  He  com- 
menced his  career  in  the  horticultural  world  in  the 
gardens  at  Powis  Castle,  under  his  father,  and  from 
there  went  to  Dropmore,  under  Mr.  Frost.  He  was 
appointed  head  gardener  to  Sir  Morton  Peto,  Bart., 
at  Somerleyton  Hall,  Lowestoft,  Su6folk,  where  he 
gave  great  satisfaction.  From  Somerleyton  Hall  he 
was  engaged  by  the  late  E.  L.  Betts,  Esq.,  as  head 
gardener  at  Preston  Hall,  Aylesford,  Kent,  and  on 
the  estate  changing  hands  he  was  still  employed  as 
head  gardener  by  H.  A.  Brassey,  Esq.,  the  present 
proprietor.  For  the  last  seven  years  the  gardening 
world  has  lost  his  services,  Mr.  Bradley  having  taken  a 
farm  on  the  Preston  Hall  estate.  He  was  at  one  time 
a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle 
and  other  gardening  journals.  As  a  friend  he  was 
genial  and  straightforward,  and  his  death  will  be 
deeply  felt  by  many  of  his  friends.  He  has  left  a  widow 
and  family. 


"  Ht  that  qutstionetk  much  shall  Uam  muck." — BacOM. 

American  Blight  and  Trop.eolum  majus.  — In 
New  Zealand  the  American  blight  is  very  common  in 
some  districts  on  the  Apple  tree,  and  as  a  protection  the 
common  Nasturtium  {Tropaeolum  majus)  is  planted  at 
the  root  and  allowed  to  ascend  the  .stem.  Has  any  one 
tried  the  remedy  in  this  country?  X,  Y.  Z. 

Leather  Clippings  as  a  Manure.  —  I  shall  be 
glad  if  any  of  your  correspondents  will  kindly  give  me 
the  results  of  any  experiments  they  may  have  made  with 
such  material  as  the  above-named.  As  you  are  no  doubt 
aware,  it  is  recommended  by  the  Woodstock  glove- 
makers  as  good  food  for  Vines.  &c.  W.  H.  [No  doubt 
it  would  be  a  good  ammonia-yielding  manure,  but  slow 
in  action.  1 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Books  :  P.  T.  J.  Sell  them  to  some  second-hand 
bookseller,  or  send  them  to  some  firm  of  auctioneers  of 
literary  property.  None  of  the  books  named,  however, 
are  likely  to  be  of  much  commercial- value  now. 

Canadian  Seedsmen  :  W.  R.  Apply  to  the  Com- 
missioners for  Canada  at  the  Colonial  Exhibition, 
South  Kensington. 

Celery  Diseased  :  C.  F.  P.,  Egkatn.  The  Celery  is 
badly  infested  wiih  the  fungus  named  Puccinia  bul- 
lata.  It  is  very  common  and  virulent  this  season,  and 
in  some  instances  spreads  to  Parsley.  All  infected 
plants  should  if  possible  be  destroyed.    W.  G.  S. 

Chrysanthemum  Petite  Marie  :  HowJen  &*  Co. 
This  pretty  small-flowered  variety,  if  it  has  been  in 
flower  outside  since  August  i,  is  a  welcome  addition 
to  our  early  varieties.  The  colour — sulphur-yellow — 
is  clear,  and  the  flower  neat  and  full. 

Corrections.— In  our  report  of  the  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  in  our  last  issue,  Messrs.  V. 
Sinder  &  Co.,  St.  Alban's,  were  credited  with  having 
shown  a  spike  of  flower  of  Cattleya  Gaikelliana  alba, 
when  it  should  have  been  C.  1.  Partington,  Heaton 
House,  Cheshunt,  exhibited,  &c.  —  At  end  of  article 
"  Pea  Prodigy,"  &c.,  commencing  at  end  of  last 
column  of  p.  501,  for  "  W.  Divers,  Ketton,"  read 
W.  Divers,  Weirton,  Maidstone. 

Double  and  Single  Marigolds  :  W.  Candwell. 
Nice  varied  blooms,  with  plenty  of  substance. 

Eucharis:  R.  S.  T.  Probably  there  is  something 
amiss  with  the  bulbs.    Send  one  up  for  us  to  examine. 

Golden  Feather  :  G.  Smith.  The  pure  white 
Bichelor-button-like  fl:)wers  and  showy  yellow  foliage 
would  make  this  a  useful  bedding  plant. 

Lapageria  alba  :  W.  S.  Such  clusters  are  common 
on  shoots  that  have  been  stopped  or  otherwise  hin- 
dered in  onward  growth  ;  and  ihe  more  vigour  there  is 
in  the  plant  the  larger  becomes  the  bunch  of  bloom. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  H.  F.  i,  Souvenir  du  Congres  ; 
2,  Marie  Louise ;  3.  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  ;  4, 
Beurr(^  de  Capiaumont ;  5,  Beurre  Diel  ;  6,  bruised 
and  spoilt.  —  G.  Dyke,  i,  Auiumn  Bergamot  ;  2, 
Nouveau  Poiteau  ;  3,  Comte  de  Paris  ;  4,  Pitmaston 
Duchess  ;  5,  Beurr6  Sterckmans  ;  6,  not  known.^ 
G.  S.  C.  I.  Duchesse  d'AngouI^me  ;  2,  Beurre  Diel, 
very  fine  ;  3.  Hanwell  Souring. — R.  McK.  i,  Cox's 
Pomona  ;  2,  Mother  ;  3,  Tower  of  Glamis  ;  4.  Early 
Nonpareil  ;  5.  Yorkshire  Greening  ;  6,  Wyken  ;  7, 
Orange.  —  Cranston,  i,  Alexandre  Limbre  ;  2,  Gan- 
sel's  Bergamot.  Apples :  i,  Scarlet  Pearmaio  ;  2.  not 
known. — •/*.  W.  R.  i,  Madame  Treyve  ;  2,  White 
Doyennti ;  3,  Passe  Colmar  ;  4,  Fondante  d'Automne  ; 
5.  Figue  d'Alen^on  ;  6,  Doyennt^  Boussoch  ;  7.  Passe 
Colmar ;  8,  Aston  Town  ;  9.  Duchesse  d'AngouIeme  ; 
10,  Vicar  of  Winkfield  ;  11.  Franc  Real  d'Kt.^ ;  12, 
Paradis  d'Automne.  Another  time  do  not  send  more 
than  six   varieties.  —  /-.A.     i,    Beurr6   d'Amanlis  ; 

2,  Chaumontel  ;  4,  Colmar  d'Areraberg  ;  5,  Duchesse 
Helene  d'Orleans;  6,  rotten  ;  8,  Thompson's.  Apple: 
7,  Old  Nonpareil. — H.  E.  G.  i,  Hacon's  Incom- 
parable ;  2,  Winter  Crassane  ;  3,  Pitmaston  Duchess  ; 
4.  Bellissime  d'Hiver  ;  5.  Marie  Louise  ;  6,  Beurr^ 
Diel.     Apples  :    i,  Hawlhornden  ;    2,  Winter  Codlin  ; 

3,  Peas^ood's  Nonsuch, — A.  Chapman,  i,  Norfolk 
Stone  Pippin  ;  2,  Evagil  ;  3,  Rymer.  —  George  Wall. 
I,  Old  Crassane  ;  2.  Beurrti  Diel. — Pyrus.  i,  Beurr6 
Ranee  ;  2,  Beurre  Gris  ;  3.  Winter  Nelis  ;  4  and  5, 
Beurre  Diel  ;  6,  Shobden  Court?— tF.  C.  M.  i,  not 
recognised  ;  a,  Beurr^  Superfin ;  3,  Souvenir  du 
Congres  ;  4,  Inconnue  ;  5,  Beurr6  de  Capiaumont. — 
J.  Eraser,  i.  King  Edward  ;  2,  Reinette  Blanche 
d  Espagne  ;  3,  CalviUe  St.  Saveur  ;  5,  Gooseberry 
Pippin  ;  others  not  recognised.  —  G.  L.  C.  i.  Vicar 
of  Winkfield  ;  2,  Marie  Louise  ;  3.  Biurr^  Ranee  ;  4, 
Bonne  d'Ez^e  ;  5.  Fondante  d'Automne  ;  6,  Ne 
Plus  Meuris.  Apples :  i.  Cox's  Pomona  ;  2  Graven- 
stein. 

Names  of  Plants  :  Herts.  L'iycesteria  formosa  ;  not 
a  weed,  as  the  gardener  supposes,  but  a  native  of 
Nepaul  introduced  in  1824  Given  space  to  develope 
it  makes  a  handsome  bush  ;  the  stems  require  to  be 
thinned  out  and  shortened  back  with  a  knife  in 
March.  —  Geo.  P.  Solanum  dulcamara.  —  'J.  Druce. 
Fuchsias-  1,  an  old  variety  but  little  grown  now. 
Send  to  such  a  florist  as  Mr.  Cannell,  Swanley  ;  2,  F. 
coccinea  (magellanica).  —  M.  C.  La;lia  Perrini. — 
Colonel  E.  S,  Berkeley.  Poor  flowers  of  Dendrobium 
chrysanthum.  What  isthehabitof  theplanl  ?— 5  Ford. 
Sicyos  angulata  (a  Gourd). — E.  C.  L.    Thuia  gigantea 


(Lobbiofsorae  gardens). — C.  S.  Relinospora  squar- 
rosa  ;  the  Asters  next  week.— y.  Maclean,  i.  Fuchsia 
magellanica;  2,  F.  Riccartoni  ;  3,  F.  corallina.  The 
Tobacco  leaf  sent  was  of  a  nice  tint  of  yellow,  and  had 
the  true  aroma  of  the  cured  leaf.  The  single  Dahlias 
are  distinct,  and  worth  cultivating  if  their  habit  is 
good. — Coxe,  to'a  Is'and. — t,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  ; 
2,  C.  torulosa  ;  3.  C.  sphseroidea  ;  4,  C.  Corneyana. 
— K.  W.  y.  I,  Spiraea  sorbifolia  ;  2,  Rhus  radicans 
probably  ;  3,  Cratcegus  pyrifolia,  but  we  ate  not  sure  ; 
4,  Cotoneaster  frigida ;  5,  Platanus  orientalis  ;  6, 
Ivibocedrus  decurrens.— y.  P.  A.,  Oxjord  Street. 
Probably  Epilobium  montanum.  but  the  specimen  is  a 
wretched  one, —  W.  S.,  Lancaster.  Empetrum  nigrum, 
—  W.  H.  Rogers.  The  Oak  isQuercus  coccifera.  which 
bears  galls  formerly  used  in  dyeing.  The  Tree 
Groundsel  is  Baccharis  halimifolia,  a  good  seaside 
plant. — F.  Oliver.  Laslia  Perrini. — Howdon  6^  Co., 
and  T.  W.  R.  We  cannot  name  plants  from  a  leaf 
only. — H.  F.  Callistemon  salignus(?),  but  cannot  be 
sure  without  flowers. 

Pea,  King  of  the  Marrows  :  F.  Taylor.  Good 
colour  and  fair  flavour  when  cooked  ;  and  it  it  is  still 

,  bearing,  whilst  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  sown  on  the  same  day, 
is  past,  the  sort  is  worth  growing,  apart  from  its  free- 
dom from  mildew. 

Peach  Tree  Border  with  Loam  and  Cocoa-nut 
FiHKE  :  y.  Do  not  use  the  fibre,  but  rather  some 
well-rotted  stable  manure,  if  the  loam  be  poor  in 
quality.  The  fibre  may  engender  fungus  ;  and,  at 
best,  it  has  no  manurial  value. 

Potato  :  H.  O.,  Newry.  The  red  colour  is  due  to  a 
minute  fungus,  Micrococcus  prodigiosus,  the  sudden 
appearance  of  which  on  provisions  has  sometimes 
given  rise  to  much  superstitious  alarm,  from  the  idea 
that  it  was  blood.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know 
under  what  conditions  the  Potato  grew,  and  whether 
others  in  the  same  field  were  similarly  affected. 

Seedling  Pear  :  Poire.  Your  Pear  is  of  good  flavour, 
and  ot  pleasmg  appearance,  It  is  a  little  gritty  at  the 
core,  but  there  are  many  more  so.  If  it  be  hardy,  and 
a  good  bearer  as  a  standard,  it  is  worth  increasing. 

ToMATos  with  Thin  Skin  when  Grown  in  a 
Hothouse  :  A.  H.  Out-of-doors  the  fruits  have 
thicker  skins  than  the  same  would  have  in  a  hothouse, 
owing  to  their  slower  growth. 

TsuGA  Brunoniana  :  E.  C.  L.  Try  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 
&  Sons. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  — Letten 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  NOT 
to  the  Editor. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

y.  Cheal  &  Sons,  Lowfield  Nurseries,  Crawley,  Sussex 

■ — Trees.  Roses.  &c. 
T.  Rivers  &  Son,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts — Fruit  Trees 

and  Roses. 
James  Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen,  N.B. — Roses. 
Charles   Turner,    Royal   Nurseries,    Slough  —  Fruit 

Trees,  Roses,  &c. 
Cooling  &  Sons,    Bath,   Somerset— Roses  and  Fruit 

Trees. 
Dammann  &  Co.,    San    Giovanni    a  Teduccio,  near 

Naples — General  Seed  Catalogue. 
Baltet  FRfcRES,  Pepini^re  de  Croucels,  Troyes,  Aube, 

France — Trees,  Shrubs,  Roses,  &c. 


Communications  Rbceived  :-TrUbner  &  Co.— W.  B.  & 
Sons.-B.  S.— H.  G.  Rchb.  f.— C.  R.  H.-P.  McO.,  Cape 
Town.  —  Der  Praktische  Garten  Freund.  —  W.  W.  —  Dr. 
Vallardi,  Milan. -W.  S.  M.-Paul  &  Son.-W.  li.  H..  Coik. 
—  I.  V.  Volxem,  Brussels.— J.  R.  [  — M.  Regnier,  Paris.— 
F.C.  Heinemaon.— F.  W.  M.-J.  R.  J.  -A.  D.-F.  Sander. 
—Wild  Rose.— J.  B  —A.  D.  W.— W.  S.  — R.  D.— Sutton  & 
Sons.— A.  B.— W.  Heale  (the  cones  with  thanks). -C  Smith. 
— R.  B.  L.-I.  O.  W.~H.  v.— A  B.-C  W.-C.  P.  &  Co. 
_A.  N.  J.-G.  H.— G.  E.  P.-H.  B.-Owen  Ttiomas.— 
W.  Caudwell.— A.  W.— J.  S. 


[arkcts. 


COVENT    GARDEN,     October   21. 

Trade    continues    quiet ;    no  alterations  to  quote. 
Jamti  Webber,    WhoUialc  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  J^-sieve      . 

16-36 

Peaches,  per  dozen...  30-8 

Figs,  per  dozen 

Pears,  per  dozen     . .    i  0-  i 

Grapes,  per  lb. 

06-20 

Pine-apples, Eng., lb.  30-4 

Kent  Cobs.  loo  lb.  . 

—  St.  Michael,  each  2  6-  8 

Lemons,  per  case     . 

18  0-36  0 

Plums,  M-sieve      ..  09-2 

Melons,  e^ch 

10-20 

Vegetables.- Aver 

^GH  Retail  Prices. 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

S.  d.   I. 

Artichokes,  perdoz. 

Mint,  green,    bunch  0  4-  , 

Mushrooms,    punnet  1  6-  2 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb. . 

06-.. 

Mustard  and  Cress.do.o  4-  . 

Beet,  red.  per  dozer 

10-20 

Onions,  per  bushel..   4  0-  . 

Brussels  Sprouts,  lb 

04-.- 

Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  0-    . 

Carrots,  per  buncli . 

06-.. 

Potatos.  per  cwt.    ..40-5 

Cauliflowers,  per  doz 

30-.. 

„     kidney,  per  cwt  40-5 

Celery,  per  bundle.. 

Shallots,  per  pound..  0  3-  . 

Cucmrjbers,  each     . 

06-10 

Spinach,    per  bushel  3  0-  . 

Endive,  per  dozen  . . 

10-20 

1  omatos,  per  lb.     ..   09-  . 

Herbs,  per  bunch    .. 

04-.. 

Turnips,  bunch        ..  04-  . 

Leeks,  per  bunch  . : 

0  3-  .. 

Veget.   Mar,  each..  0  3-  . 

Lettuce,  per  dozen.. 

Potatos  :  —  Kent  Regents,  Sos.  to  gar. ;   Schoolmasters,  70s.  ; 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  901.  ;  Champions,  45J.  per  ton. 


538 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  23,  1886. 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Pricks. 


AralJa    Sieboldi,  per  Evergreens,  in  var., 

dozen         ..         ..  60-180        per  dozen.. 

Asters,  per  dozen    . .   40-90  Ficus  elastica  each. 

Begonias,  per  dozen  6  o-iz  o  Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  1 

Bouvardias,  doz.      ..    9  0-12  o  Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-12  o        ous,  e.'ich  ..         ,.  2  ^ 

Cyperus,  per  dozen..  40-120  Lilies,  in  var.,  doz. ..  12  c 

Dracaena  terminalis.  Marguerite       Daisy, 
per  dozen  . .         .  .30  0-60  o        per  dozen  . .        . .  6  ■ 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o  Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  1 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...  12  0-18  o  Myrtles,  per  dozen. .    6  > 

—  hyemalis,  doz.  ..i3  0-24  o  Palms  in  var.,   each  3  ■ 

—  regerminans.doz.  8  0-12  o  Pelargoniumms,scar- 
Euonymus,    in  var.,  let,  per  doz.         •■  Z  ^ 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-18  o 

Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


:.  d.  s.  d. 


ArumLilies,  i2blms.  4  c 
Asters,  12  bunch.  ..  4  < 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  ..  o  t 
Bouvardias,  per  bun,  o  ( 
Camellias,  12  blooms  3  c 
Carnations,  iz  blms.  i  ( 
Chrysanth  ,  12  blms,  1  ( 

Dahlias,  12  bunches  3  c 

bunches  ..  ..2c 
Eucharis,  per  doaen  4  c 
Forge  t-me- Not,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  2  c 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  2  c 
Gladioli,  12  sprays.,  i  c 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o  ( 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  t 
Lapageria,  red.  12  bl.  z  c 
—  white,  12  blooms  2  c 


Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 

Marguerites,    per    12 

Mignonette,  12  bun. 
Pelargoniums,  psr  12 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  ( 
Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  : 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  t 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  t 

Stephanotis,    per   12 

Sweet  Peas,  12  bun,   : 
Tropsolums,  12  bun. 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  c 
Violets,  12  bunches, .  ( 

—  Parme,  Fr.,  bun.  , 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Oct  20.— Messrs,  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  write  that  there 
was  a  poor  attendance  on  the  seed  market  to-day,  with 
but  little  business  doing.  The  new  American  Clover 
seed  just  arrived  shows  fair  quality,  and  offers  on  most 
moderate  terms.  French  samples  also  appear  to  be 
cheap.  There  is  no  change  in  the  value  of  winter  Tares  : 
prices  continue  exceedingly  low.  Blue  Peas  are  rather 
easier.  The  new  Haricots  are  good  and  reasonable. 
Feeding  Linseed  remains  steady.  There  is  but  a  limited 
inquiry  for  Mustard  and  Rape  seed.  In  Hemp  and 
Canary  seed  there  is  no  change  on  the  week. 


FRUITS  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  a/.  20,— The  market  was 
well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  farm  and  market  garden 
produce,  and  a  good  trade  was  done  at  prices  as  follows  : 
— Apples,  31.  6d.  to  6s.  per  bushel  ;  Pears,  31,  to  6j.  (id. 
do. ;  Damsons,  25.  6(/.  to  3^.  6(/.  do.  ;  Celery,  dd,  to  is. 
per  bundle  ;  Savoys,  \s.  6d.  to  ^s.  6d.  8j.  per  tally  ; 
Cabbages,  2.s.  to  4^.  do. ;  Greens,  xs.  6d.  to  2j.  ^d.  per 
dozen  bunches  ;  Turnips,  2s.  to  2J.  6d.  do. ;  Carrots, 
IS.  6d.  to  2s.  do.  ;  Onions,  31.  6d.  to  ^s.  per  cwt.  ; 
Potatos,  Magnum  Bonums,  $os.  to  65^^.  per  ten  ;  Carrots, 
22s.  to  35J.  do. ;  Mangel,  iSs.  to  20s.  do. 

Stratford:  Oci.  19,— The  market  has  been  well 
supplied  during  the  past  week,  and  a  good  trade  was 
done  at  the  undermentioned  prices  : — Cabbages,  zs.  6d. 
to  3J.  ed.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  2s.  to  5J.  6d.  do. ;  Cauli- 
flowers, IS.  6d.  to  2s.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  2s.  to 
2s.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches;  Carrots,  household,  2s.  to 
2s.  6d.  do.  ;  Parsnips,  2s.  per  score  ;  Mangels,  14J,  to 
17s.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  fi2j.  to  251.  do.  ;  Onions,  80s. 
do.  ;  Parsley,  ^d.  per  bale  ;  Apples,  6s.  to  14J.  per  case  ; 
Pears,  31.  to  45.  per  basket  ;  Pomegranates,  4J.  to  51, 
per  100  ;  Cob  Nuts,  75J.  to  8oj,  per  cwt. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Oc/.  19. — Good  quali- 
ties were  not  over-plentiful,  and  prices  firm  for  these. 
Inferior  sorts  were  plentiful,  but  dull  of  sale,  and  irre- 
gular  in  price.  Quotations  :— Kent  Regents,  5aF.  to 
90J.  ;  Essex,  501.  to  80s.  ;  Early  Rose,  60s.  to  70J. ;  Mag- 
num Bonuras,  50J.  to  80s.;  and  Hebrons,  60s.  to  95J. 
per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Oct  20. — Quotations  ;— 
Hebron,  60s.  to  90J,  ;  Lincoln  Magnums,  55J.  to  655. ; 
Regents,  55^.  to  70J.  ;  Essex  Regents,  50J.  to  gos.  ; 
Magnum  Bonums,  50J.  to  75^.  ;  and  Cambridgeshire 
Regents,  50J.  to  70.r.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  19.— Quotations :— Magnums,  45J. 
to  65;.  ;  and  Regents,  551.  to  651.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  4  bags  from  Rotterdam,  215  from  Hamburg, 
and  103  from  Harlingen. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel,  Oct.  19. — Large  supplies  were  on 
sale,  but  trade  was  slow  at  the  ioUowing  quotations  : — 
Clover,  prime,  90J.  to  104J.  ;  inferior,  70J.  to  84J. ;  hay, 
prime,  70J.  to  90J.;  interior,  30J.  to  651.;  and  straw,  27J. 
to  38J.  per  load. 

Oct.  21. — There  was  a  fair  supply  on  sale.  A  very 
dull  trade  prevailed  at  late  rates. 

Stratford  :  Oct.  19.— Hay.  80s.  to  84J.  ;  Clover, 
90J.  to  95^. ;  and  straw,  30J.  to  32^.  per  load. 


Government  Stock.— Consols  closed  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday  at  loo^i  to  100^  for  delivery,  and  loo^  to 
lor  for  the  account.  The  final  quotations  on  Wednes- 
day and  Thursday  were  looj  to  loi  for  delivery,  and 
ioo}f  to  101-1*5  tor  the  account, 


CARTERS' 

HYACINTHS, 

In  Distinct  Colours, 

For  Beds  and  Ribbon  Borders, 


AT     REMARKABLY     LOW 


PRICES. 


Carters'  Bright  Crimson 
Carters'  Deep  Rose 
Carters'  Light  Rose 
Carters'  Rich  Purple 
Carters'  Darl<  Blue 
Carters'  Light  Blue 
Carters'  Pure  White 
Carters'  White-Tinted 


18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
21  0 
21  0 


EQUAL    QUANTITIES    OF    EACH    COLOUR, 
Per  100,  183.  6d. ;  per  1000,  1753. 

All  Parcels  Carriage  Free. 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE. 


Seedsmen  ey  Boval  Commands  to  H,M.  the  Qoeen 
AND  H.R.H.  THE  Prince  of  Wales, 

238,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


GOODandCHEAP.— 
40,000  GOOSEBERRIES,  incIiidingWhinham'sIndus'.rv 
TS.coo  APPLES,  PEARS,  and  PLUMS,  strong  and  healthy 
in  various  forms.  lo.ooo  LAURELS,  Caucasian,  Common,  and 
Rotundilolium.  2  to  4  feet,  extra  fine.  30,000  Oval  and  Ever- 
green PRIVET,  strong  and  bushy.  2  to  4  feet.  Also  iiree 
stocks  of  Tree  BOX.  AUCUBAS,  THUIAS,  POPLARS,  LA- 
BURNUMS, LIMES,  SEAKALE,  &c.  Special  low  quota- 
tions on  application.  Sample  of  small  articles  free,  large  articles 
for  stamps.  Our  special  offer  of  choice  PEAS  and  other  SEED 
will  be  ready  shortly. 

HARRISON  AND  SONS,  Seed  Growers,  Leicester. 


GANNELL'S 


CATALOGUES.- 


"S\v 


nley  is  becoming  the  Mei 
■ists,    and    deservedly 


of  fl,: 
Messrs.  Cannell's  List  of  Novelties 
the  autumn  Catalogue  to  hand  is  a  witness  to  this  fact.  '  Like 
'The  Home  of  Flowers 'itself,  it  makes  little  outward  show  in 
the  shape  of  Dutch  gilt,  but  inside  its  pages— like  inside  the 
gates  at  Swanley— there  is  a  treat  awaitingjall  lovers  of  flowers." 
— C event  Gariien  Gazette. 

H.  C.  &  SONS  wUl  be  pleased  to  send  one  post-free 
to  all  lovers  of  flowers. 


THE      HOME     OF     FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY,     KENT. 


lulTTR 


A    LARGE   AND    HEALTHY    STOCK   OF   ALL 
KINDS  TO   SELECT   FROM. 

CORDON    FRUIT  TREES 

A     SPECIALTY.  SEND     FOR    NEW 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE. 

Ornamental    Trees    and    Slirubs, 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

,1  HHEAL^QONS 

wiiri   Crawlcj,        w  Sussex- 

JERSEY    FRUIT  TREEs! 

Carnage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  View 
Nurseries,  who  will  send,  &rri.age  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 


IVTANETTI  STOCKS,  extra  fine  ;  all  clean- 

,     -^      eyed  when  made,  31,  per  loo,  25J.  per  icoo.     Package 

free  for  cash. 

KIRK  ALLEN,  The  Nursery,  Fen  Drayton,  St.  Ives,  Hunts. 

SPECIAL    AND    CHEAP^OFFER 
TO   THE    TRADE. 
AZALEA    PONTICA,    INDICA  ;    RHODODENDRON 
PONTICUM  ;        HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      and 
GRANDIFLORA  :  SPIR/E-V  JAPONICA  and  PALMATA  ; 
ACER  NEGUNDO   FOMIS  VARIEGATIS  ;    CORYLUS 
AVELLANA  and  PURPUREA:  CORNUS  SIBIRICAand 
SANGUINEA  :        PALMS  —  LATANIA,         PHCENIX. 
CORYPHA,   KENTIA,   ARECA  :    FOREST  and   ORNA- 
MENTAL    TREES    and    SHRUBS   ;       ABIES     NORD- 
MANNIANA. 
Prices  and  full  particulars  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 
P.     E.     FRANCKEN,    Nurseryman,    Steenbrugge,    near 
Bruges,  Belgium. 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have  pleasure  in  "calling  attention  to  their  extensive  stock  of 
Rhododendrons  and  Az.ileas  of  all  descriptions,  for  Planting  or 
Forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and  well  budded. 
The  Azalea  mollis  are  remarkably  fine  and  well  budded,  and 
they  offer  good  bushy  Plants,  full  of  buds,  at  8j.  to  t^s.  per 
dozen  ;  50J.  to  6oj.  per  100.  They  have  also  to  offer,  in  quantity, 
Hollies,  Aucubas,  Laurels,  Retinosporas,  Flowering  and  Orna- 
mental Trees  and  Shrubs.  Lilium  auratum,  &c. 

Their  stocks  of  these  are  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  ate 
very  moderate.     Catalogues  post-free  on  application. 

Brook  Lane  Nursery.  ORMSKIRK.  LANCASHIRE. 

SPECIAL  CULTURE  OF 

FRUIT   TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

The  I  llmtrc.ted  and  Descriptive  CA  TALOGUE  of  FRUITS 

post-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  post-ftee. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS.  POLYANTHUS,  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, IS.  per  dozen  :  51.  per  100. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  ij.  per  dozen  ;  \s,  per  itxi;  35X. 
per  I003. 

VIOLAS  and  bedding  PANSIES,  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  11,  id.  per  dozen  ;  8j,  per  loa. 

250,000  Of  the  finest  Hardy  Perennials, 


all  1 


ned  ■ 


CARNATIONS  and  PICOXEES.  6j.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3r.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  31.  M.  per  dozen. 
PHLOXES,  r  year,  31. ;  2  years.  5J.  per  dozen. 
PYRETHRUMS,  41.  per  dozen:  201.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double  white,  lilac  and  sulphur,   31 

PRl.MULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  German  IRIS,  25.  bd.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  English  IRIS,  is.  per  dozen  :  sj.  per  iod. 

HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  41.  per  do 

per  1:0. 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shades,  3.1.  per  dozen. 
HARDY    PERENNIALS   in   variety,  lor  continuous  bloom. 

1  r  kinds,  is.  ;  25  kinds,  6i.  ;  50  kinds.  I2i.  dd  ;  100  varieties, 

3or.  :  100  plants  in  50  varieties,  281.  ;  200  varieties,  60J. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy;  five  houses  front  too  to  120 

feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.       Very  low  offers  to  make 
and  spring  stock.      r2    varieties,    6r. ;  25 


251. 


;  50  V 


.  351. 


Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 
qr.  and  \is.  per  dozen  ;  Standards,  gr.,  i2j.,and  i8j.  per 
dozen  ;  dwarf-trained,  tSr.,  ■zis.,  and  24^,  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  2.-.  6d.  to  4t.  per  dozen  : 


tsi. 


.  per  1 


RASPBERRIES, 
RHUBARB.  41.  to  6r.  per  dozen.     CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,  35  of  the  best  varieties,   ground  plants, 
zr.  6d'.  per  100  ;  in  2j^-inch  pots,  \os.  6d.  per  io3  ;  in  5-incn 
pots,  for  forcing,  2SJ.  per  ico. 
VINES,  ro  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  31.  to 
5r.  each ;  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  71.  6d.  each.  " 
Three  Acres  of  Roses. 
Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  of  best  sorts  ;  t2  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  ys. :  50  for  251.  :  roo  lor  4sr. 

MOSSES,  CLIMBERS.  NOISETTES,  &c.,  61,  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 

Conifers,  &o. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  all  sizes  and  varieties,  and   in  the 
most  heahhy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalougue. 
FOREST  TREES  of  sorts.  6s.  per  dozen  ;  40J.  per  too. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  togs,  per  dozen;  401.   and  60J. 

DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  blooming  kbds,   41.  per  dozen  : 

RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet, pink, 

shades,  i8r.  and  24s.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,   for  hedges, 


per  I 


per 


45». 


THORN  QUICKS,  sot.  and  251.  per  1000. 

1^  Everything  -wanted  for  a  Garden  in  th!  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.     CLIBRAN     &     SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINOHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 


OcTOBSK  23,  lS8€.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


539 


P 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON,  Limited. 

Smithfield  Iron  Works,  Leeds,  and  Surrey  Works,  Blackfriars  Road,  London,  S.E., 

HORTICULTURAL  ENGINEERS  to  HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN,  call  Special  Attention  to  their 

PATENT    WROUGHT-IRON    MUNICIPAL   OR  ANGULAR   CHAMBERED  AND   TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER    BOILERS, 

And    others    with    SHELVES,    and   Hollow    or    Ordinary    Cast-iron    GRATE    BARS. 

QA  nni    C     Rnil   FRC      ^Uh  waterway  backs  and  WELDED  BOILERS,  any  of  which  are  Specially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhouses    Tonsetvaio,;,.,    n„„.t„   n.       1 

OAUULt     bUILtriCi,  Schools,  Public  Buildings,  Entrance  Halls.  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c.      They  are  the  neatest,  cheap«^  rSSst  elffiivt  ^^Sle  of  any  ex^an^ 

TJie  MUNICIPAL  and  TUBULAR  oius  are  rcinarkalli  for  thtir  grtal  heating  fewer.  il<tw  combustion,  and  tlti  length  oftime  the  fire  will  l7,rn  witttoiil  requiring  attention 

These  Patterns  secured  the  FIRST  and  HIGHEST  FRIZE,  a  SILVER  MEDAL,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Exhibition,  South  Kensington.  London,  June  1  1881 


i» 


The  longitudinal  section  gi' 


of  the  fire-br 

The  front  elevation  shows  it 


—  LorciTL-c 
space,  flues,  &c 


SECTIONAL     PLAN. 


The  cross  section  gives  a  view  of  the  fire-box,  water  space,  and  V  shaped  back. 
brickwofk,  vjhkh  is  necessary  for  this  class  ofboilet. 


SIZES    AND     PRICES. 

M  B  1       3  ft.  2  in.  long  by  2  ft.  0  in.  wide  by  2  ft.  0  in.  deep  )    ^  ,    ,      .        f     650  ft.  Price  £15  0  0 

MB2       4       0            „      by  2       0            „      by  2       0            „     (    <-al':"l»'«d  to    \  qqq  ^^         21  0  0 

TW  TJ  a        K        n                      V>-.T  Q        n                      v>,r  o        «                      >  heat  4-in.  piping  <  lonn  qo  n  n 


UBS        6        0 
SC  B  4       8       6 


by  2       3 
by  4       0 


by  2       6 
by  3       9 


32    0    0 
85    0    0 


TESTIMONIAL 


Borough  Engii 


i  Office,  Municipal  Buildings,  Leeds, 

January  g, 


Messrs.  THOS.  GREEN  and  SON.  Ltd.,  NORTH  ST.,  LEEDS. 

Re  HEATING  APPARATUS. 

Gentlemen,  — I  have  great  pleasure  in  beating  testimony  to  the  efficiency  and  satisfactory  working  of  the  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus  you  erected  in  these  public  buildings. 
The  buildings  are  four  storeys  high,  and  we  have  a  total  length  of  about  28,000  feet  of  piping  in  them,  varying  in  size  from  \%  io.  to  6  in.  diameter,  with  their  connections,  &c.     The  several 
offices  and  rooms  can  all  be  in  operation  at  one  time  or  separately,  and  the  heat  regulated  by  means  of  the  valves  to  the  temperature  required,  even  in  the  coldest  weather. 

)  of  your  Patent  Municipal  Pattern  Boilers,  No.  4,  work  the  whole  of  this  piping  easily,  although  we  have  three  of  them  fixed.     They  are  very  powerful  and  economical  in  the  cousumptiou 


of  fuel,  and  I  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  report  of  them  and  the  apparatus  so  favourably. 


,  Gentlemen,  yours  truly, 


THOS.  HEWSON,  Borough  Engineer. 
HUNDREDS     OF     OTHER    REFERENCES     CAN     BE     GIVEN     IF     REaiTIRED. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s. ;   fifty,  lOs.  ;  and  one  hundred,  SOs. 

Parcels  of  not  less  than  twenty-five   delivered,    Carriage    Free,   in   London  only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.    RICHARDS     41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


540 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  23,  1886. 


LARGE      PEACH      and      NECTARINE 
TREES— Early    Louise,    Hale's    Early,    Dr.     Hngg, 
Early  Grosse    Mienonne.  &c.,  remarkably  heallhy  ;  will  m)ve 
lid  fill  a  house  at  once,  saviog  seven  years'  growth.     Call 


W.  H.  DIVERS,  Ketton  Hall.  Stamford. 


CHEAP    0FFEK3    IN 

CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  a7id  Garden. 


Olhei 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
ivarded  on  application. 
Choice  Varieties  of  the  following  :  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS.  6j  ;    12  Yellow -flowered,  I2S. 
12  PINKS,  Laced  Flowers,  <j.  and  6s.,  strong  plants. 


12  AZALEA  INDICA.  cove 

ici  with  fljwe 

r  buds,  18 

12     „     MOLLIS,  diuo,  fine 

for  cutting,  la 

s.  and  \%5 

12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  w 

ith  flo'wer  buc 

s,  2ir.,  30J 

12  CROTONS.  choice  vatie 

ies,  6j.  ,  95.,  1 

12  DRAC^NAS.  choice  vai 

ieties,  6j.,  9J., 

I2J  ,  185. 

ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties 

for  cool  or  w 

irm  house 

or  30  varieties,  at  2  r 

.  and  425.  per 

dozen. 

„     100  varieties,  4005.  ;  50 

varieties,  looj 

and  \SQS. 

1000  BULBOUS  FLOWER  ROOTS,  215 

E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 

STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  a,s.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots,  t6j.  per  100  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  25^   per  100.     Descriptive  LlaT  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  lu  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  conuining  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  \s. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including     Descriptive      *'  List    op    Nhw,     Rare,      and 

Choicb  Fkrns."  and  *'  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  applicatioo. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER 


f^UTBUSH'S  MILL- 
yj  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  knovra  to  require 
description.  IVice  ds.  per  bushel 
[11  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
dd,  per  cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \t. 

None  genuine  unless  in  seated  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sigoatuie  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  and  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nt 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

^d.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  2  toni), 
ior.  ;  4-busheI  bags,  41/.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  W.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  z5^.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 

BLACK.  FIBROU  j  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  jis.  ;  sacks, 
^d.  each- 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  gi.  per  bushel ;  15J.  per  hall 
ton,  265   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  41^.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  td.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  Q.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S  ,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Txvo  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  f>d, 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..  ^.  bd.       „       5  sacks  tor  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5s.  W.      „      5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     't 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  (ij.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD, bestonly  ..     f        (sacks  incJuded). 

PEAT  MOULD > 

SILVER  SAND, coarse,  is.  6a.  per  bush.,  i4r.half  ton,  241.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  bestonly is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8</.  lb.    28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (Sp<cialit<)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5s.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2s.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 

CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 
all  kindsof  PlanU,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vegetables, &c.  Tins,  is.  6rf. 
Baes— 7lb.,35.;  141b.,  5s.;  281b..  8j.;  s61b.,  14;.;  icwt..22s. 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-i4lb  ,  3S.;  281b.,  55.  ei.i 

561b..  los.  kd..   I  cwL,  17s.  Lper  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  f,d. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubo's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  : 
30  sacks,  25s  ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  firee  on  rail, 
ass.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  tja.sh  with  order. 


CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


POCOA-NUT     FIBRE     REFUSE,    newly 

\J  made.  Tiuckload  (2  tons)  /i  ;  40  bags.  25S-  Free  on 
rail.  Cash  with  order.— J  STEVENS  ANU  CO.,  Fibre  Mer- 
chants,  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 

PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  lour  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  los.  per  yard.  In  bag«,  at  2s.  bd.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  5s  per  bag:  Fresh  SPHAGNU.Vl.  10s  bd.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  i,s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro' Station,  Hants. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  besT  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2s.  6/.,  51.  bd., 
and  los.  bd..  or  r  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  alt  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

ORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H. S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1S54. 

E     P    P    S'  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials.,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD.       HANTS. 


X 


THE    SECRET    OF 
SUCCESS  WITH  BULBS. 


The  only  method  of  growing  Bulbs  to  the  same  pe'fection 
as  in  their  native  land  is  by  using  ALLUVIAL  MANURE  A: 
which  is  specialty  prepared  for  Bulbous  Flower  Roots  and  is 
the  secret  of  success  of  Duich  Growers. 

lib.      2  lb.       7  lb.       14  lb.       28  1b.       561b.      i  cwt. 
Prices:      84-       1/-       2/6       4/6  8/-        16/-       28/- 

THE  ALLUVIAL   MANURE   COMPANY, 

Sole  Importers. 

26,  MARK    LA^E.  E.C.  :    or,  from  our  Agents  :— 

OSMAN  AND  CO.,  BENJ.   FIELD,  HERBERT  and  CO., 

WATSON  AND  SCULL,  and  others. 

ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  x  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  31.,  and  los.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


^     *»^*WCm(v^ 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  tor  oil  p.i.nt  or 
my  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
ntroduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
nuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
tors,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  reqmnng  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seau  of  most 
of  tlie  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  (td.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  8^.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq,  TJif  Ryleys.  Alderley  Lodgf. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing.  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near    Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.C.  ;  and 
136,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


BOULTON   k   PAUL,    NORWICH. 


:     LAWN    WATERING 

MACHINE, 

With  Powerful  Garden 

Engine,  combined. 


This    im 

plement 

s     most 

useful  in  large   garc 

ens  ;    is 

fitted  wuh 

valve  and 

spread- 

■•er   for   dis 

jibuting  V 

vater  or 

liquid    ma 

ure.       Waterpots 

and  paits 

:^D  be  fill 

d  when 

the  spread 

r  is  not  in 

use. 

CashPri 

e — Carria 

ge  Paid. 

Complete  (35  galls.)  £,%  iw. 
IRON  HOSE  REELS. 

No  66  for  200  ft.  M-in.  tubing  ..  loj.  6«/. 
No  67  for  2CO  ft.  5'8-in.  tubing  ..  i2j.  dd. 
No  68  for  200  ft.  54-in.  tubing  . .  151.  od. 

Strong  Wrouglit  Garden  Barrow. 


Cash  Prices. 

18  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised  Steel  Tank,  li  lai. 

30  gall.  Barrow,  with  Galva- 
nised Steel  Tank,  ^i. 

36-galI.    Batrow,    with    Oak 

Tub,   IZ  2S. 


BOULTON    A;    PAUL,     NORWICH. 


WARNER'S  CELEBRATED 

HYDRAULIC    RAMS. 

With  new  and  important  improvements. 
For  the  Water  Supply  of  YiHagcF,    Institutions,   MaoMons. 
Gaidens,  Greenhouse^  Stables,  Ftuit  Fields.  Farmya-ds,  &c 


Gold  Medal  awarded  at  Calcutta  Exhibition,  1883-4. 
Made  in  a  variety  of  sizes  to  suit  different  lifts  and  falls  of  water. 
Give  constant    supply  for  many  years  with  but  little  attentiOD 
and  outlay  beyond  the  first  cost. 

Prices   upon   application,    from   £\  4J. 
COPY  OF  TESTIMONIALS. 

*'  Buxton,  yu>ii  23,  1876. 
'*  Honoured  Sirs, — In  answer  to  your  letter  this  morning  about 
the  Ram,  it  is  working  well,  lifting  over  12  pints  per  minute,  the 
size  of  supply  pipe  being  1%  inches,  the  length  237  feet,  the  fall 
n  feet  6  inches,  the  delivery  pipe  being  i  inch  to  the  fountain, 
the  length  of  ripe  1263  feet,  rise  of  pipe  from  ram  to  fountain 
78  feet,  ram  lifting  12  pints  per  minute. 

"  I  remain,  your  obedient  servant, 

"JOS.  MILLARD, 
"  Gardener  to  Sir  Alexander  Acland  Hook." 
"  Douglas,  June  12,  1879. 
"Gentlemen. — Please  find  cheque.  .  .  .   I  have  much  pleasure 
in  saying  that  I  was  asking  the  gentleman  the  end  of  last  week 
how  the  Ram  was  working  for  him.     He  said  it  was  working 
well,  and  he  would  not  be  without  it  for  £,100. 

"Yours  truly,  "ISAAC  MILBURN, 

'*  Range  Manufactory,  Strand  Street,  Douglas. 
"Messrs.  Warner." 

"  U'elford.  Rugby,  October  23,  1883. 
"  Sirs. — The  Ram  you  have  just  put  up  for  me  gives  me  great 
satisfaction.  With  the  13  gallons  per  minute  sup,)Iy  it  raises, 
about  600  gallons,  50  feet  (I  think),  in  ten  hours,  and  is  no 
trouble  to  start  working.  I  hope  it  will  continue  to  work  as 
well,  for  it  is  a  great  convenience. 

"I  remain,  yours  truly.  "JOHN  GEE. 

"  Messrs.  Warner  &  Sons." 

*' Oxford,  January  15.  1886. 
"  Dear  Sirs,— You  will  no  doubt  be  glad  to  learn  that  the 
Ram  you  came  down  to  advise  about  for  Sholover  has  beco 
fixed,  and  so  far  answers  the  purpose  admirably. 

•■Yours.  &c.,  "J.   S.  BROWNING." 

"  Newton,  Stocksfield-on-Ty*u,  August  24,  1885, 
"Dear  Sirs. — The  Ram  I  had  from  you  a  short  time  ago  is 
giving  every  satisfaction.     Please  send  the  duplicate  valves  for 
it;  and  oblige,  yours,  &c  ,  "JOSEPH  SYMM." 

**  138.  Widemarsh  Street,  Hereford,  September  3,  1885. 
"  Dear  Sirs,— The   Rams  you  supplied  to  me  last  year  give 
every  satisfaction.     I    have  not  heard  of  their  stopping  since 
they  were  fixed.— Yours  faithfully, 

"ROBERT  BAMFORD." 
"  Kelvedon,  Essex,  yanutry  13,  1886. 
"  Gentlemen.— The  Ram  which  I  fixed  at  Litile  Braxted  Mill 
or  Jas  Faber.  Esq.,  1  am  pleased  to  say,  gives  great  satisfac- 
tion, and  seems  quite  unaffected  by  tlie  flood,  workicg  we  I 
when  quite  submerged  by  water  and  evea  lost  to  sight,  its 
locality  only  indicated  by  the  bubbles  f  cm  the  pulse-valve,  and 
notwithstanding  the  heavy  flood  we  have  had  it  has  only 
stopped  once.  It  throws  or  iai.es  3340  eallons  in  twenty-font 
hours.— Yours  truly,  "JOSEPH  POLLEY." 

JOHN    WARNER   &   SONS, 
Crescent    Foundry,  Cripplegate,   London,  E.C.  ;    and  the 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Naze,  Essex. 
To  be  obtained  of  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber 
in  the  Kingdom. 


OCTOBKR  23,    1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


541 


HOT-WATEE       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    &    CO., 

4,        UPPER        THAMES        STKEET,        LONDON,        E.C. 

BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Q-c. 

Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON.  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  ihe 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  TMH  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected   and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames.  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plarts^  Esiimaies  and  Catalogues  Jree.     Custonurs  •waited  on  in  any  part  0/  the  Kingdatn. 

Oiu  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


0.     F  E  A  Z   E   E, 

Horticultural  Builder,  Norwich. 


IMPBOVED  Three  quarter  Garden  FRAME 


These  are  the  best  Frames  of  the  kind  m  the  market  Made  of 
good  Red  Deal  Lights  2  inches  thick  painted  (our  coats  of  oil- 
colour,  and  glazed  wiih  21-oz.  f;Iass  with  Registered  set-opes 
comolele— 4  feet  bv  6  leet,  £2  ITS.  ;  8  leet  by  6  (eet,  £4  lOs.  : 
12  leet  by  6  (eet,  £6  6a.  ;  16  feet  by  6  feet.  £7  178.  ;  ao  feet  by 
6  feet,  £9  lOs.     Cases  5J.  6</.  to  lOJ.  f}d.  ;  allowed  il  returned. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and  Wales; 
also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Illustrated  Catalogue,  post  free,  two  penny  stamps. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW     LONDOK     E.C 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  in  various 
colottrs.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  BunhiU  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


THE    SUCCESS    OF    THE    SEASON 


DARLINGTON 


(Gold  Medal) 
Box    of 


PATTERNS, 


which  every  Lady  should  see  before  Purchasing  her 

AUTUMN    AND    WINTER    DRESSES. 

Sent  Post-free,  on  application  to  the  Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Darlington  Gold  Medal  Dress  Fabrics, 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO,'S  SUCCESSORS, 


I 


'ailp'J/AxJ2^i^iii*M^^-.^i''i^J^' 


SPINNERS    AND 
MANDFACTUaERS, 
Established   in   1752. 


THE  MILLS,  DARLINGTON, 


"  The  union  of  warmth  to  lightness,  so  necessary  to  health, 
is,  in  these  materials,  brought  to  perfection.  .  .  The 
fineness  of  the  wool  of  which  they  are  composed  imparts 
the  admirable  quality  0/  draping  in  those  soft  folds  now  so 
essential  from  the  point  of  view  of  fashion." — Daily  News. 


ANY        LENGTH        CUT. 


ALL    PARCELS    ARE    CARRIAGE    PAID. 

[Ladies  sending  their  Addresses  will  receive  Patterns,  free  by  return  of  Post,  and  will 
please  note  that  any  Article  is  Changed  within  seven  days. 


542 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[October  23,  i886. 


THE  GARDENERS^CHRONIGLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINO. 

Htad  Line  charged  ai  tiuo. 


4  Lines. ,.£0 

1 

0 

15  L 

ines 

..^0    8 

6     ,, 

...     0 

^ 

6 

16 

„ 

..09 

6     „ 

...     0 

4 

0 

17 

„ 

...    0    9 

7     » 

...    0 

4 

6 

18 

„ 

..    0  10 

«     „ 

...    0 

s 

0 

19 

„ 

..    0   10 

»     „ 

...     0 

■i 

6 

20 

„ 

...   0  II 

10     „ 

...     0 

6 

0 

21 

„ 

...   0  II 

11      „ 

...     0 

6 

6 

22 

„ 

...   0  12 

12     „ 

..c     0 

7 

0 

23 

„ 

...   0   12 

13     „ 

...      0 

7 

6 

24 

„ 

...   0   13 

14     „ 

...    0 

8 

0 

2b 

„ 

...   0  13 

ND   SIXPENCB 

'OR  EV 

ERY   ADDl 

L    LINE, 

liset 

across  two 

Colu 

mos,  tl 

e  lowest  charge 

will  be  301 

If  set  a 

:ross  three  Col 

Limas. 

he  lowest  charge  will  be  4 

Page 

„ 

„ 

.(.t 

0      Q 

Half  Page  ., 

u 

-     5 

0     0 

Column 

•     3 

5    0 

QAEDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  (id.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  lino 
{about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  — Advcrliscrs  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-Ojffices,  as 
ati  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authcrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  ss.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  ;   12  Months.  £1  3a.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lla.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  63. 

Foreign  {cxceotine   India  and   China) :    including    Postage, 

£1  63.  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  £1  8a.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  .\dvertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

DAVl  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEERS. 
GILMORE  PARK,  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBKOOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden    Frames   and  Sashes    in   Stock. 


GREENHOUSES 

No.  4.  Span-toof,  plain,  tub 
of  the  best  construction.  Piice, 
trtcled  complete  (with  brick- 
woik)  Within  15  miles  of  Lon- 
don Bridge  ;  proportionate 
ny  part  of 
ountry. 


pon 


below  ;— 
H.W.Ap. 
..  {.to  IS 


Loughborough  Hot  water  Apparatus  (fixed),  extr; 
Size.        Price.     H.W.Ap.  I  Size.        Pric 

lift,  by    8ft.,  £io     o  ..  £5  IS     'Sft- by  isfL.XsS 
15ft.  by    9ft.,      33    o..     6     5  Uofl.byis't.,    71     o  ..      12     5 
.oft.  by  izlt.,      4210,.     8  IS  I  40ft  by  .7fl.,  Ill     o  ..     22     o 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses, 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating.  FREE. 

SURVEYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE.     DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticoltural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

wi&.'^Trit.  !•  LONDON     BRIDGE. 


Cucumber  Frames. 

KH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to    their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      Thev  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  ; —       A  s.  d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p,.^:_.     (       3  'o     o 
3.1ight  frame,  12  feet  by  6  feet  hcases  free  1       5     5     o 
6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet  _)  i     10    o    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  lor 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAYandCO-,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 


TCL^feSSMOHSESgcttEATiNG 


:;^ 


B.W.W20c-R«U.-RS« 


5ia.  BBAUrOET  8fEEBT,'cHiL3kA,~8.W^iiJ 


STOVES. 

Terra-Ootta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Green]iouae3.  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses. Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     BOBERTS, 
112,    Victoria    Street,    Westminster,    S.W. 


THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE. 


1-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes.  9  (eet  long,  +!.  3^  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  +1.  td.  each. 
Full  lUustratcd  Seidsed  Price  List  on  application. 

"Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,=^i 


179-5*   OF   HEAT  ^>.j.ai  1-1 

,.  CONSUI^ED  LESS  FUEL  X  ^S^5-S 
ggW^^ODUBED  MOST  HEAT  FEB  BUSHEL  Cr  FUEL^ 
'HP6F  ANY  EeiLER  IN  THF  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL  ISS> 

(    a  wolj  FIRST  PRiZE,^ iHEiooor^T 

^Lso    FIRST  PRlZEi,!  THE  5O0F5J^ 

arS-"      1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  ' te3. 

S,D'PREVIOUG  AWAKDS,  IB  PRIZE  MEOftLS  iS  DIPLOMAS 
LPIJDON  I  5  REOCRCSS  5^  &  VICTORIA  DRY  GLA7ING  WORKS 
-CT'nCE  I    SOUTHV/ARK  S'  5:^.^         HARLOW  .ESSEX  . 


^^^ 


Russia  Mats— Rafila. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality,  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZand  FISHER,  JamesSt.,  Covent Garden,  W.C. 


ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR- 
PAULINS  and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 


RICHARDSON'S 


GARDEN   REQUISITES,— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,   Manures.  &c.       Cheapest  prices  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St. ,  London,  B.C. 


Eosiera  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
aie  made  in  maletials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially  ^ j:....^.^... 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N  i^'j^m 
GARDENS,  as  th«y  bar-  ^S'^M, 
hour  no  Slugs  or  Insects,  --'.n  n  1r 
take  up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,    conseq 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  :  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road.  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illuitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces.  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

I     L     V     E     R  S^   AND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
Truckload.  on  Wharif  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
ts  to  any  Railway  Station.     Sampler  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  la  any 

I  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 
:xecuted  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 
A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


HORTICULTURAL 

BUILDINGS 


HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS    &    CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


Send  your  Name  and  Address,  and  mention  this  paper,  and 

receive,  per  return,  post-free,  sample  and  particulars  of 

SMITH'S— COLCHE  STEB 


LIVE-LOIf&  CAl^DY, 


S 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ot  16-OZ.  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

QEOBGE    FABMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  John's  street.  West  Bmlttifleld,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quot4  Chronicle. 


Heaviness  or  Burning  on  the  Chest  and  Fulsess  after  Meals ;  or, 
tiken  at  bedtime,  by  its  warmth-giving  and  Stomachic  proper- 
ties Pkomotes  Sleep.  A  small  piece  dissolved  in  the  mouth 
when  exposed  to  damp  and  cold,  Warms  the  Chest,  and  pre- 
vents those  injuries  which  arise  from  Chills.  It  is  invaluable 
to  all  Sportsmen,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Duchess  of 
Beaufort,  the  Matquis  of  Waterford,  &.C.  Price,  ij.  s'Ad. ,  21.  gd. , 
and  ^s.  6d.  :  of  all  Chemists.     Be  careful  to  buy  only  Smith  s- 

COLCHESTER    LiVE-LONO   CaNDY,    PREPARED    UV 

SHENSTONE  (Late  Smith  &  Shenstone),  CHEMIST, 

COLCHESTER,  as,  m  consequence  of  ils  popularity,  and  the 
commonness  of  the  name  (Smith)  imitations  are  rife. 

Per  post,  IS.  4d.,  31. ,  and  5J.  :  or,  sample,  free. 

Accidents  of  Dally  LUe  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  CornhiU,  London. 

Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation  paid    for    112,000    Accidents,    X^2.2i5,ooo. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at   the   Railway    Stations,    the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  Cornhill,  Ixmdon,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 

E     P      P     S"^ 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


October  23,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


543 


CUPS,  TUBES,  BOARDS,  &c.,  for  Staging 
Chrysanthemums  for  Exhibitions  ;  Tweezers  (or  Dressing 
Blooms.  Every  Horticultural  Requisite  supplied.  Catalogue  and 
prices  post-free.— B.  FIELD,  F.R.H  S  ,  Stvan  Place,  Old  Kent 
Road,  S.E.      Telegraphic  Addre-s— "  Floriculture.  London." 

WATCH  CLUBS.— AGENTS  WANTED 
everywhere  to  Form  Clubs  for  Kendal  &  Dent's  cele- 
brated Gold-medal  Watches.  Members  pay  is.  per  week  for 
Watches.  Clocks,  Jewellery,  Electro-plate,  Cutlery,  Musical 
Instruments,  Optics,  &c.— Apply  early  for  particulars.  Illus- 
trated Catalogues,  &c.  (post-free),  of  KENDAL  and  DENT, 

106.  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.     Great  success.         

52  Pases,  Illustrated,  Post-free.       See  Pages  6  to  lo  for 

HOW  TO  MAKE  Blanc  Mange,  Baked 
Custard,  Fatola  Cream.  Farola  Cake,  Granola  Porridge, 
Granola  Puddings,  Milk  Porridge,  Children's  or  Family  Pud- 
ding, Baked  Pudding,  Steamed  Pudding,  French  Pudding, 
Italian  Polenta,  Semolina  Soup,  Pastry,  Scones  and  Sweet  Cakes, 
and  Semolina  Cake,  with  economy  and  taste,  together  with  the 
opinions  of  the  British  Uledictii  your  rial,  Lancet,  &c.,  post- 
free  from  Messrs.  J.  and  T.  MARSHALL.  Glasgow  :  and 
IS,  New  Broad  Street,  London,  E.C.  N.B.  Every  one  is  much 
pleased  with  this  little  work.  Send  your  address  (naming  this  publi- 
cation) by  post-card  or  letter,  and  it  will  be  sent  you  free  of  charge. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  OM-estab- 
lished  Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business-South  of  EnEl.ind.-E.  SHERWOOD.  Esq.,  152, 
Houndsdiich,  London,  li.  

Indian  Tea,  Planting. 

WANTED,  a  firsi-class  well  educated  un- 
married Scotch  GARDENER,  about  24  years  of  age, 
as  an  Assistant  on  a  Tea  Plantation  in  India.  Salary  abiut 
;£i5o  to  begin. — Apply  by  letter,  giving  qualification  and  refer- 
ences, to  L.  A.,  58J,  Messrs.  Deaon's,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C. 


WANTED,  a  thorough  practical  FORE- 
M  .\N  for  Houses  :  one  accustomed  to  Grow  Cucumbers, 
Tomatos,  Plants,  and  Cut  Flowers  for  the  London  Market.  None 
need  apply  unless  capable,  and  who  has  filled  a  similar  place. — 
T.  OAKMAN.  Ponders  End. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  age  iS.  One 
who  has  had  some  knowledge  of  House  Work  and 
Gardening  Work.  Premium  to  be  given.  — S.  F,,  29,  Stanley 
Street,  P.»d.1inglon,  W. 


Plant,   Seed,   and  BvUb  Trade  -Retail 

WANTED,    an    ASSISTANT,    thoroughly 
proficient  :  if  with  knowledge  of  Fruit  preferred. — A. 
BR.AY,  Floral  Hall,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  \V. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  ami  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — Tlie  best  andsajest  means 0/ Remitting 

is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 
NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received,  ■witlwut  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
thi  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Sames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

I  C  H  A  R  D     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  ate  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &C.— St.  John's  N"'='"-i'»=   WorrAst,.r 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &:c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.— Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
apply ing  to  Wm.Cutbushi'^:  Son,  Highgale  Nurseries,  London, N. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 


KENNEDY  and  CO.,  108,  High  Str< 


.  Du 


,  N.B. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Dowme,  Seedsman.  144,  Piinces  Street,  Edin- 
burgh,  has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentlt 
requiring  '  '  " 


.tworthy  and  competent  Gardei 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  reciulring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS.  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  Upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom,  W.C. 


\  To  Gentlemen. 

MANAGER.— A  Gentleman  intending  to 
Invest  Capiial  to  Grow  Choice  Fruit,  Cut  Flowers,  &c.. 
extensively  for   RIarkit,   Advertiser,    thoroughly  experienced, 
^      could    secure    lai^e    returns   upon   outlay.— INVESTMENT, 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Good  Grower  of 
Choice  Fiuit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  also  Early  and 
Late  Forcing.  Good  characler  for  ability,  subriety,  and 
industry. — 5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham. 


G.ARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  thoroughly  practicil  in  all  branches.  Good 
Manager  of  Men,  Slc  ,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  Charge  of 
a  gitod  Garden  establishment.  Highly  recommended.  — 
GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kimbolton,  St,  Neots. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Scotch  ;  has  had 
thirty  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches.  An  ex- 
cellent Grape,  Plant,  and  Vegetable  Grower,  Excellent  testi- 
monials and  references. — J.  G.,  The  Cottage,  Melbourne  Nur- 
sery, Arerley  Road,  Anerley.  S.E. 


GARDENER  (HEAD),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept. — Age  26,  single  ;  thirteen  years'  practical 
experience  in  all  branches.  Can  be  highly  recommended. 
Absiamer.  —  W.    GOLDSMITH,    The    Gardens,     Polesden, 

GARDENER  (Head);  age  34,  married,  no 
family. — Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady, 
Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  la 
all  branches  of  gardening— GEORGE  SHAWLEY,  5,  Grif- 
fith's Terrace,  Faulkner  Street,  Bishopfields,  Chester. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  30,  married.— 
J.  Simpson,  Gardener  and  Wood  Agent  to  the  Earl  of 
Wharncliffe,  Wortley  Hall,  Sheffield,  can  with  confidence  re- 
commend a  man  as  above.  Thoroughly  experienced  in  all 
brauches.     Could   undertake   the    Mauagemenc    of    Woods,    if 


GARDENER  (Head).— Thoroughly  practi- 
cal  and  experienced  ;  has  an  extensive  knowledge  of 
Gardening  in  all  its  branches,  including  the  Forcing  of  Fruits 
and  Flowers,  the  Management  of  Vines,  and  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardening.  Twenty  years  in  two  last  situations. -Q. 
READ,  255,  Crookesmoor  Road,  Sheffield, 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  3S^ 
single  ;  good  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening.  Seven  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer,  E.  Leigh-PembertDn,  Esq —J.  BUTT,  Tony  Hill, 
Sittingbourne,  Kent. 


(^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Twenty- 

V^  five  years"  experience  in  Orchids,  Stove  and  GreenhDuse 
Plants,  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Peaches,  Vines,  Cucumbers, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Land  and  Stock.  Good  refer- 
ence.—JOSEPH  BUCKNALL.  Erdington.  Birmingham. 

GARDENER.  —  Good    all-round    man    in 
every    branch.       Has    excellent    testimonials. — G.    E., 
May's,  159.  Piccadilly,  London,  W, 

GARDENER. — Situation  wanted  by  a  young 
man  (age  2\)  ;  total  abstainer.  Well  up  in  Scientific  and 
Hybridising  Woik.— H.  B.,  85,  High  Street.  St  John's  Wood, 
London,  N.W. 

(^ARDENER.— The    Advertiser    wishes    to 

^^  recommend  a  g  )od  Gardener  (marriedj,  who  has  lived 
with  hira  three  years,  and  who  is  thoroughly  honest  and  steady. 
— W.  E.  GREEN,  Bclgrave  House,  Sandown. 

GARDENER.— A  Gentleman  wishes  to 
recommend  a  young  man  as  Gardener  (Second),  where 
several  are  kept;  or  Head,  in  a  smaller  establishment.  Was 
Second  Gardener  at  last  place,  and  had  ^ole  control  over  Ten 
Houses,  Vineries,  &c.  Thoroughly  understands  Wall  Fruit, 
Cucumbers,  &c  ,  and  Laying-out  Gardens.  Would  go  Single- 
handed  if  required.  Excellent  characctr  ;  strong  and  healthy, 
unmarried,  and  total  abstainer.- Apply  by  letter  to  G.  W.  J., 
16,  Pembridge  Gardens,  Baysw^ter.  London,  W. 


/  'J.ARDENER  (good  plain  Single-HANDED). 

VJ  — Age  28,  single  at  preseut  ;  good  character. — M.  ROSE, 
62,  Carlton  Street,  Kentish  Town,  London,  N.W. 

rj^ARDENER  (Second).— Age  30,  marTied  ; 

VJ  first-class  all-round  man.  u^ed  only  to  Nobletnan's  family. 
Open  to  engage  for  same. — B.  G.,  43,  Stadiam  Street,  Lot's 
Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  Gentleman's 
garden.  In  or  Out  of  Houses.— Age  22,  single;  good 
references.  Abstainer.— \V.  R.,  6,  Burr  Road,  Merlon  Road, 
Wandsworth,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Under).— A  young  German, 
who  is  free  of  military  seivlce,  expeiienced  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening,  especially  in  Propagation,  and  with 
some  knowledge  of  English,  seeks  a  situation  in  a  large  English 
Garden,  as  Under  Gardener.— ARTHUR  KIRST,  Garten- 
gehilfe,  Chemnitz,  Saxony. 


FOREMAN,  Inside  ;  age  26.— E.  SMITH  is 
open  to  an  engagement  as  above.  Eleven  years'  experi- 
ence. Can  be  well  recoramendcd-E.  SMITH,  Much  Dew- 
church,  Hereford. 


FOREMAN  ;  age  25.— Chas.  Raffill,  Gar- 
dener, Low  Hill,  Bushbury,  Wolverhampton,  can  confid- 
ently recommend  James  Broker,  now  leaving  here,  for  situation 
as  above. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  private  establishment, 
where  Early  and  Late  Forcing  is  carried  out  with  spirit 
—Age  25  ;  well  recommended  for  character  and  ability  by  last 
and  previous  employers.— THOMAS  HARVEY,  32,  Phillip 
Street,  Bi-hopfield.  Chester. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment,  where 
Early  aiid  Late  Forcing  is  carried  out  with  spirit.— Age 
25  ;  can  be  well  recommended  for  character  and  ability.  — 
THOMAS  HARVEY,  Newton  Nurseries,  Eastgate  Street, 
Chester. 


FOREMAN,  or  good  SECOND.— Age   24; 
nine  yeais'  experience,  three  years  last  place.     Good  re- 
ferences.—GARDENER,  Roie  Cott-ige,  Hornsea,  viii  Hull, 


FOREMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  24  ;  eight 
years'  experience  in  all  brauches.  Excellent  references 
from  large  establishments,— R.  W.,  38,  Elgin  Terrace,  Maida 
Vale,  W.  .  J  .       6 


FOREMAN,  or  first-class  JOURNEYMAN. 
- — Age  24  ;  ten  years'  experience  ;  in  last  situation  over  two 

years.     Can  be  well  recommended J.  LIDDIARD,  109,  Lot's 

Road,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER. —Thoroughly  experienced  in  producing 
large  quantities  of  Cut  Flowers,  and  Pot  Plants  for  London 
Market  and  the  Trade.  Good  references.— W.,  Gardeners 
Chmnich  Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

JOURNEYMAN^  (First),  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment. — Two  years'  recommendation  from  last  em- 
ployer ;  also  two  years'  previous. — A.  BUSH,  Goldings  Hill, 
Loughton,  Essex. 

TO^URNEYMAN,  in  Gentleman's  Garden.— 

^  Willbg  to  learn,  not  particular  to  wage=. — Mr.  Frasbr, 
Teibury  Road,  Malmesbury,  can  with  confidence  recommend 
Thos.  Gleed  as  above. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

Age  20  ;  six  years'  experience.  Can  be  well  recommended. 
Bothy  preferred.  —  J.  RICHARDSON,  Great  Stanmore, 
Middlesex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Indoors,  in  a  good  estab- 

f '  lishment — .Age  32  :  highly  recommended  ;  also  excellent 
F.'c'oNN,  Ne 

JOURNEYMAN,  or   SECOND   in   a  good 

O  establishment.— Age  2i  ;  six  years'  experience.— li.  T. 
WOOD,  Bladen  Castle,  Burton-on-Trent. 

JMPROVER,  in  the   Houses,  or  Inside  and 

-L  Out.— Age  tg.  Respectable.  Bothy  preferred. —  State 
wages.  &o,  to  Mr.  MIDDLETON,  The  Gardens,  Exbury, 
Southampton 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses  ;  age  17.— 
Alfred  Smits,  Tfae  Gardens,  Wollescote  House,  Stour- 
bridge, wirhes  to  recommend  a  strong  intelligent  jouth.  Two 
years'  good  character. 

T~0  NURSERYMEN  or  MARKET 
GROWERS.— Wanted,  a  situation  under  Glass,  Eight 
years'  experience.  Good  references.  Age  23. — A.  M.,  Mr. 
Phillips.  Jepson  Road,  Upton,  Forest  Gale,  Essex. 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— Well  up  in  general 
Indoor  Work,  Potting.  Tying,  &c.  Good  knowledge  of 
Ferns,  Propagating,  and  Forcing.  Good  scholar.  Three  years' 
character.  Age  30-  — F.  W.,  Norton  Road,  Southborough, 
Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

TO  GARDENERS,  &c.  —  Wanted  by  a 
young  man  (age  i8),  a  place  in  good  Garden  ;  under  glass 
preferred.  Good  worker;  brought  up  in  nursery;  used  to 
Plant-Growing— A.  B,,  D.  Spriging's  Nurseries,  St.  Albans. 

TO  NURSERYMAN.— Advertiser  (age  22) 
seeks  engagement  in  a^good  Hardy  Tree  Nursery,  where 
he  could  go  through  the  routiae  of  Grafting.  &c, ,  during  coming 
spring.  Has  good  knowledge  of  Herbaceous  Plants.  Eight  years* 
first-class  testimonials.— F.  E, ,  s.  Paisley  Street.  Hull.  Yorks. 

POTTER  or  WATERER,  and  willing  to 
make  himself  useful  in  Market  Gardener's  Nursery.— 
Young:  good  relereoces. — Apply  at  Oak  Villa,  Lome  Road, 
Forest  Gate,  E. 


TO  FLORISTS,  &c.— Required,  the  Manage- 
ment  of  the  above;  good  Salesm  n.  Three  years  as 
Manager  in  present  situat'on.  Firsi-class  references.  — W,  H, 
Gafdentrs-  Chronicle  Offi;e,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
London,  W  C- 

TRAVELLER,  or  MANAGER  in  Nursery.— 
Many  years'  experience  in  the  Trade.— M.    J.   Gardtntrs 
Chronicle  Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,   W.C. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,     CLERK,    or    otherwise.— 
Sixteen   years'    exoeri^nce   in   present    situati-*n.      Good 
references.— A.  W..  Messrs.  Dickie,  Fowlds  &  Co.,  Kilmarnock. 

SHOPMAN.  —  Several  years'  experience. 
Knows  the  business  thoroughly  in  all  iis  departments  — 
Seeds,  Bulbs.  Tools,  Sundries.  Fair  knowledge  of  Nursery 
Stock.— HORTUS,  16.  Elmgrove  Place,  Glasgow. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  WAREHOUSEMAN,  or  other- 
wise.—Nine  year^'  experience.  Knowledge  of  Plants  and 
Flowers.  Good  appearance.  Firstc'ass  testimonials,  &c.— B.. 
Gardeners  Chronicle  Office,  4t,  Wellington  Street.  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  26  ; 
with  thorough  knowledge  of  Seed  Trade  and  branches  ; 
can  be  well  recommended,— W.  B.,  Lamoureus  &  Co.,  Ply- 
mouth. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT,  —  Age  2;  ; 
nine  year:,'  experience  In  all  departments  ;  at  present 
First  Counter  hand  in  a  Scotch  house.  First-class  references.— 
D.  C.  FLETCHER.  ii2,  Eghnton  Street.  Glasgow. 

ESTATE  CARPENTER.— Wanted  by  a 
married  man  a  situation  as  Estate  Carpenter  ;  u^ei  to 
all  kinds  of  Repairs  and  Plain  Painting.  —  WILLIAM  F. 
ROWSON,  Binbrock,  Market  Rasen,  Lincolushi.e. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
Heahh's  Defences.— None  save  the  strongest  can  with 
impunity  pass  throueh  the  sudden  transitions  from  wet  to  dry, 
from  ccld  to  muggy  weather  so  prevalent  durirg  the  autumnal 
and  early  winter  months.  Influenza,  bronchitis,  cough,  sore 
throar,  or  quinsey  will  attack  those  most  watchful  of  their 
health  ;  but  they  can  readily  arrest  any  of  these  complaints  by 
rubbing  Holloway's  Ointment  twice  a  day  upon  the  skin  over 
the  aflfected  parts,  and  by  assisting  its  corrective  action  with  ap- 
propriate doses  of  his  Pills.  This  well-known,  safe,  and  easy  mcde 
of  treatment  efficiently  protects  the  invalid  both  from  present 
and  future  danger  without  weakening  or  even  disturbing  the 
system  in  the  slightest  degree. 


544 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  23,  1886. 


HARTLAND'S 

COLLECTIONS   OF   DAFFODILS   AND    NARCISSUS. 


TAZETTAS 

A.  6  Bulbs  in  6  named  sorts  

B.  12  Bulbs  in  6  superfine  sorts      

C.  12  Bulbs  in  12  named  sorts 

D.  25  Bulbs  in  12  named  sorts        

E.  50  Bulbs  in  great  variety  

F.  100  Bulbs  in  10  best  sorts,  for  potting 


2/- 
4/- 
4/6 
7/6 
12/6 
25/- 


HARTLAND'S 

DAFFODILS. 

G. 

60  in  20  sorts       

..       12/6 

17/6 

27/6 

32/6 

H. 

90  in  30  sorts       

..       21/- 

27/6 

3'/6 

42/6 

I. 

120  in  40  sorts       

...        45/- 

72/6 

90/- 

iio/- 

I- 

300  in  20  sorts       

62/6 

84/- 

120/- 

150/- 

K. 

500  in  10  sorts       

40/- 

50/- 

60/- 

70/- 

SPLENDID  MIXED  IRISH  DAFFODILS,  for  growing  on  Grass,  by  banks  of  "  Running  Brooks,"  &c.,  35/-  per  1000,  5/-  per  100. 

IRISH  DOUBLE  DAFFODILS,  17/6  per  1000. 


HARTLAm'S    OEIGIIAL    "LITTLE    BOOKE    OF    DAFEODILS.' 

ONE     HUNDRED     AND     FIFTY     VARIETIES     TO     CHOOSE     FROM. 

The  7nost  fashionable  of  all  flowers  for  ^s^eneral  Spring  Decoration^  and  most  easily  ^rown.       Should  be  largely  grown  in 
PUBLIC  PARKS  near  7nanufacturi7ig  towns.       No  trouble  j    only  let  them  alone. 


From  Ths  Garden,  Ociobir  lo,  1885. 

"  This  list  of  DafTodils  and  Narcissus  generally,  from  its  form  and  contents,  deservss  more 
than  a  passing  notice.  '  Original' in  two  senses  of  the  word,  from  having  been  among  t/u  first 
of  its  kind  given  to  the  people,  and  from  being  framed  on  lines  distinct  and  different  from  all  pre- 
vious catalogues,  it  shows  that  much  care  and  thought  have  been  bestowed  by  an  enthusiast  on  a 

'labour  of  love' Embellished  with  many    woodcuts  showing   the    various 

forms  of  Narcissi,  which  aid  those  in  selecting  who  are  not  thoroughly  versed  in  the  subject,  the 
*  Little  Booke"  contains  many  good  things  worthy  of  the  attention  of  amateurs.  Some  are  offered 
for  the  firit  time,  and  will  excite  the  curiosity  of  the  specialist  while  testing  them  alongside 
hitherto  known  varieties,  viz..  Rip  Fan  Winkle  and  Minnie  IVarren.  Mr.  Hartland  has  also  the 
advantage  of  boih  soil  and  climate  suitable  for  the  successful  cultivation  of  his  favourite  bulbs." 
From  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  October  31,  1885. 

"  *Ve  Original  Little  Booke  of  Daffodils.'— A  prettily  illustrated  Catalogu 
by  Wm  Baylor  Har.Und.  of  Temple  Hill,  Cork,  has  reached  us.  Thenumerou 
very  c  .needy  done,  one  of  the  bej^i  being  a  plate  of  the  white  Cemuus  varieties 
and  exhibiud  on  a  black   ground.     The  text  is  historical ;      ' 


of  the  Daffodils, 


From  tJie  Manchester  City  News,  August  15,  18S5. 
"  Daffodils.— -4  Little  Book  of  Daffodils  is  the  title  of  a  pamphlet  by  Mr.  W.  B.  HartUtod, 
of  Cork,  a  famous  cultivator  of  the  famous  Narcissus.  It  is  in  reality  a  citalogue.  but  the 
classification,  notes,  and  illustrations  raise  it  above  publications  cf  this  kind,  and  will  make  it 
acceptable  to  all  who  wish  to  cultivate  these  '  spring  delights,'  or  who  desire  to  have  the  latest 
information  concerning  them.  A  correspondent,  whose  initials  ('  F.  J.  B.')  give  harticullural 
weight  to  his  words,  sends  us  the  following  note  on  Mr.  Hartlar.d's  book  :—*  In  sending  to  a 
meeting  of  the  Lancashire  Botanists'  Association,  last  spring,  a  collection  of  blooms  which  probably 
surpassed  in  novelty,  size,  and  beauty  of  f  .>rm  any  exhibition  that  had  ever  been  held  in  Man- 
chester, Mr.  Hartland  expressed  himself  l.ke  a  warm-hearted  Irishmin,  how  pleased  he  was  t a 
make  this  contribution  in  "loving  remenibrance  of  the  late  John  Horsfield,  the  Lancashire 
weaver"  who  raised  that  King  of  Daffodils,  Horsfieldi,  which  has  now  become  so  f^miu*:.  Mr. 
Hartland'e  book  is  beautifully  illustrated,  so  that  he  who  runs  may  read  as  it  were.  Coming  up  jn 
us  at  this  season  c  f  the  year,  the  best  time  f  jr  taking  the  bulb^  it  is  doubly  welcjme.'  " 


UNSOLICITED         TESTIMONIALS 


From  Frank-  Milrs    E.q  ,  Skirehampton,  Bristol. 
"  Your  '  Little  Bojke"  is  delightful,  and  written  byareal  lover 
and  observer  of  these  grand  flowers." 

From  Rev.  G.  E.  Englhheabt.  Appleshaiu.  Andover. 
"  Since  writing  to  you  I  have  received  your  *  Little  Book  of 
Daffodil?,'  for  which  1  am  much  obliged.     It  is  very  nicely  got 
up  and  most  interesting." 

From  F.  W.  Blirbidge,  Esq  ,  Duhlin. 
"  Your  '  Little  Booke'  is  well  dont.  Punting  and  descriptions 
exquisite.     Makes  one  long  for  more  illustrations." 

From  Veronica's  Notes  •'/  "  T!ie  Garden" 
"  Mr.    Hartland  has  done  good  service   in  hunting  up   the 
e  old  Daffodils,  which  have  lingered 
'  Faire    Irelande,'  as  Chaucer 


in  that 


AlA 


"  Your  bo  jk  about  Narcissi  is  very  interesting,  but  is  it  not 
too  imaginative  and  Eastern  ?  Surely  you  must  have  been 
dreaming  of  the  prophet  Mahomet,  who  said  that  if  a  starving 
man  had  two  cakes  of  bread  he  should  sell  one  of  them  and  buy 
some  flowers  of  the  Narcissus  :  for  that  bread  was  only  food  for 
the  body,  but  Narcissus  was  the  '  food  of  the  soul." 

Extract  from  Ih^  Queen.  August  27,  1885. 

"  The  original  '  Little  Booke  of  Di.ffodiIs'  is  very  well  arranged 
and    illuMrated,    issued    by   Mr.    W.  B.    Hartland,  of  Patrick 
Street,  Cork.     Lovers  of  Daffodils  would  do  well   to   procure 
this  elegantly  got  up  book." 
From  Thomas  Rogers.  Esq.,  Hon   Sec.  Manchester  Botanical 

"  Sir,— I  have  to  thank  you  mist  cordially  on  the  part  of  ihe 
Manchester  Botanical  Association,  for  the  handsome  contribu- 
tion of  Daffodil  flowers  whioh  you  sent  for  a  special  occasion  on 
April  13.  The  President  of  the  Association.  Mr.  James 
n  .    __    ...    .1     ,     1        .  'ideclariog  the  collec- 


in  Manchester." 


From  C   Dunnage,  Eq  .  Coll  ge  Gardens,  Gtterfisey.     ^  ^^ 
"  I  am  much  pleased  with  your  '  Little  Booke  of  Daffodils.' ' 

Fr.m  Miss  Jekvll,  Munslead,  Godalming. 
*'  I  have  to  thank  you  (or  the  copy  of  your  most  interesting 
•  Booke  of  Daffodils."" 

From  W.  J.  Wonfor,  Esq.,  Bes.hrook.  co.  Armagh. 
"  Let  me  observe  that  your  '  Little   Book' is  most  taste'ulty 
got  up,  and  a  credit  to  all  concerned  in  its  production.*' 

F>om  Mrs.  Mundv,    Turvey  Rectory.  Bedford. 
'*  I  am  delighted  wiih  your  '  Little  Booke  of  D..ffodils.*  " 

F^iJw  William  W.  Munn,  Esq.,  Johnson  Street,  CJuetk^m, 
Mancliester. 
"Though  but  a  beginner.  I  may  say,  I  hive  been  very 
pleased  with  your  *  Little  Booke  of  Daff.jdils.'  It  certainly 
merits  the  title  cf  original,  and  the  information  is  much  more 
complete  than  in  any  other  catalogue." 

From  C.  J.  Grahams,  Esq  ,  Cojmbe  RomI   Croydon. 
"  Your  '  Little  Booke  '  is  a  gem.    Send  me  ha'f  a-dozcn  for  my 
friends  in  Croydoo." 

From  T.  H.  Bryant,  Esq.,  Juniper  Hill,  near  Dorking. 

"  I  mut  write  and  say  how  welt  the  selected  bulbs  of  Daffo- 
dil turned  out.  I  am  sure  you  wilt  be  glad  to  hear  of  it,  as  you 
personally  superintended  the  order." 

From  Miss  FoRSTER,  Leshury  R  SO.,  Northumli.rJani. 
'■  I  may  mention  that '  Ddffi^dils'  from  roots  supplied  by  you 
are  now  very  fine  hire  ;  '  Prioceps '  has  been  superb." 

Fr^m  M.  Townsend,  Esq.,  Florence   I'illa,  Millbrook  Road, 
Freemantle,  Southampton 
"  I  beg  to  thank  you  for  the  '  Bjoke  of  DaffjdiU,'  which  is  ex- 
cellently done 


/^r£»«  Theodore  MsADR,   E-iq.,   M.D  ,    Dtpur-ment  of  the 
Interior,  Pension  Office,  ll'ash:ngton,  D  C,  Am'Tica. 
*'  Send  me  another  copy  of  your  Narcissus  Catalogue.     It  is 
a  charming  little  book,  and  I  appieciate  it  great'y.'' 

From  John  Falconer,  Esq.,  St,  Ann's,  Lanwade, 
Mtdlolhian,  N.B. 
"  I  have  much  pleasure  in  t«  "  " 
bulbs  I  got  from  you  last  season 
Van  Winkle;  and  '  Capax  '  did 
notwithstanding  our  terribly  sevej 


it-ofdo 


From  John  Falconer.  Esq.,  St.  Ann's,  LasswaJe, 

Midlothian,  N.B. 

'  I  have  duly  received  the  Bulbs  all  right  ;    they  seen 


although  s 
good  selec 
From  W^ 


I  far  north.    I  beg  to  thaok  you  very  much  for  such  a 


Esq.,  182,  Great  Brunswick  Street, 
Dublin. 
luch  obliged  for  the  '  Little  Booke  on  Daffodib.'    It 


s  »urst  valuable." 

Fr(jw  George  H.  Ellwangbr,  Esq.,  Roc/uster.  US. A. 
"  Thanks  for  your  admirable  '  Little  Booke  of  Daffodils.*  No 
uld  help  catching  the  Daffodil  fever  on  perusing  i 


not  remember  hiving 
thoroughly  reflects  the  : 
up  as  the  pattern  of  a 
embroidery  from  Salonii 


it  grower-     I 
:  Yourd 


rug 


catalogue  which  so 
s  as  carefully  worked 
or  a  piece  of  antique 


British  Museum  {Natural  History). 

Cromzvell  Road,  South  Kensington,  S.IK 
"  W.  Baylor  Hartland.  Esq.,  Temple  Hill.  Cork. 
"  Dear  Sir, — Seeing  that  you  have  brought  out  an  illuTlrated 
catalogue  of  Daffodils  under  the  name  of  '  Ve  Original   Little 
Booke  of  Daffodils'  I  should  be  glad  if  you  could  let  us  have  a 
c  'py  for  the  library  of  the  Natural  History  Museum  here. 

*'  I  remain,  yours  truly,  Hhnry  W.  Ridley." 


This  Book  is  "One  Shilling:"  Post-free,  but  Gratis  to  all  Purchasers. 

***  Please  see  "  Satirical  Criticism  "  on  the  above  Little  Booke  in  THE  GARDEN  for  October  2,  1886,  over  the  initials  of  "  G.  H.  £".,"  and  to  which 
I  have  been  denied  the  right  of  reply^  unless  such  reply  were  to  emanate  as  a  re-hash^  and  a  meaning  put  upon  words  that  I  never  used,  I  am  in 
possessio7i  of  the  re-hash^  which  I  intend  to  publish  at  a  future  period^  so  that  the  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  can  see  the  two  pictures. 

WM.   BAYLOR   HARTLAND,  old  established  garden  seed  warehouse,  CORK. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
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THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £,\  3J.  lod.  ;    6  Months,  i\s.  lid. ;    3  Months,  ts.  ;  Post-free. 
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Printed  by^lLUAM  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbubv,  AG^  _    . , , , _.  ._ ,  _ ,_.,.„„ 

,  Wellingtoo  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Cove'nt  Garden,  in  the'  said  Coimty Saturday,  (jctober  23,  1886,  Agent  for  Manchester— Jo'hn'h 


said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office, 


and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41,  WeHin;ton  Streel,  Covent  Garden,  Lond.jn.  W.C. 
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THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


ej3tai)li6f)eti  1841. 


No.  670.— Vol.  XXVI.  {ser^I}    SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  30,  1S86. 


J   Registered  at  the  General  7      Price   6d, 
J  Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE.  sJt/. 


CONTENTS. 


Books. 
Vine: 


5of:- 


the 

Physiolosy  of  Plants 
Bulb  garden,  the 
Cape  bulbs 
Capparis  spinosa  . . 
Cedars,  the  Bayfordbury 
Chrysanthemums  at 

Harlesden  Park 
Colonial  Exhibition 
Cornish  moorlands 
Dendrobium  inauditum 

, ,     Phala:nopsis 

„  Smilliae 
Ericas  at  Milbank 
Esmeralda  Clarkei 
Flower  garden,  the 
Forestry  . . 
Fruits  under  g'ass 
Fruit  trees  on  cultivated 

Ghent  School  of  Horticul- 


Grafted  Grapes  . . 
Gynerium  jubatum 
Hairy  or  glabrous 


Lili( 


■rlet  ; 


Liparis  elegans    • . 
Lonchocarpus  Barteii    . . 
Market  prices        .. 
National  Chrysanthemunr 

Oncidium  tigrinum 
Orange  coccus  parasite  . . 
Orchid   notes  and  glean' 


Orchids        at       Messrs. 

Veitch's 

Plants  and  their  culture  . 
Potato  Conference,  a     .. 
Rosery,  the 
Scotch  notes 

Exeter  "Apple  and  Pear 
Royal  Horticultural    .. 

Spiranlhes  Romanzoviana 

Tobacco  in  Jersey 

Trees  and  shrubs 

Wheat  crop  of  1SS6,  the. . 
Wines,  British     .. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Lappans  spinosa   .. 
Cedar  at  Bayfordbury     . . 
Demrobium  Phalccnopsis 
Orange  coccus,  the 
Tree  Ferns  at  Tresco 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
'THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    regularly,    are    particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEQRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  arui  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready.  In  clotli.  165. 
'J^HE  GARDENERS   CHRONICLE 

1  Volume  XXV,,  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


THE    GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 


Twelve  Monihs. 


-C.  H.  MAROT,  8n.  Che. 


1  Orde: 


may  be  s 


CRYSTAL         PALACE. 
ANNUAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOW, 
FRIDAY     and     SATURDAY,      November    5    and    6. 
Schedules.  &c.,  on  application  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Supenntendent,  Crystal  Palace,  S.E. 


B 


ATH    CHRYSANTHEMUM      SHOW, 

NOVEMBER  10  and   it,  18S6.     For  Prize  Schedules 
irto  C1.1.T,   „c.„c„«   ,. 

,  Mils( 


I  Street,  B»th.      BENJ.  PEARSON,  Secretary. 

TWICKENHAM  HORTICULTURAL  and 
COTTAGE  GARDEN  SOCIETY.-The  Autumn  Ex- 
hibition of  Chrysanthemums.  Fruit,  Flowers.  &c..  will  be  held 
in  the  Town  Hall,  Twickenham,  on  NOVEMBER   16  and  17. 
MARTINDALEC.  WARD,  M.D.,  Treasurer. 
J.  J.  G.  PUGH,  Honorary  Secietary. 

/^"IHRYSANTHEMUM        SHOW, 

V^     YORK,  t886.— Held  in  the  Fine  Art  Exhibition  Building 


J.  LAZENBV.  Spuniergate.  York. 

COLCHESTER    and    EAST    ESSEX 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
SPECIAL  PRIZE  value  ;£ro  roj,  offered  by  the  Corporation 
of  Colchester,  at  the  Chrysanthemum  Show  fixed  for  NOVEM- 
BER :;S.     Particulars  of  J.  C.  QUILTER,  Secretary, 
5,  Head  Street,  Colchester, 


E 


Molyneuz's  Chiysantbeiniims. 

EMOLYNEUX'S      Illustrated    Work     on 
•      "GROWING     PLANTS    and    BLOOMS    from   the 
CUTTING  to  the  SILVER  CUP,"  will  be  teady  about  Nov.  t. 
Orders  now  bemg  booked  by    the    Author,    Swanmore    Park, 
Bishop's  Waltham.     Post-free,  is.  2d.    Trade  supplied  by 
Mr.  E.  H.  MAY.  171.  Fleet  Street,  London.  E  C. 

Notice 
King's  Acre  Nur.erie.s,   Hereford  (Eslablithed  17S5). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  "Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited)."  these  Old.established 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  after  NOVEMBER  2.  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acie,  Hereford.  — October  i.  i886, 

DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE.  —  Roses, 
Fruit  Trees.  Rhododendrons,  Conifers.  Deciduotis  and 
Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbing  Plants  for  walls.  &c.  ; 
Forest  Trees,  Azaleas,  Camellias.  &c      Free  on  application  to 
H.  LANE  AND  SON.  The  Nurseries.  Berkharasted,  Herts. 

ARDENIAS,  Winter-flowering  HEATHS, 
CAMELLIAS,     AZALEAS.    BOUVaRDIAS.    CAR- 
NATIONS, PALMS.  FERNS,  FICUS,  DRAC/ENAS,  and 
others.     1  hou^ands  of  fi.e  healthy  plants  to  select  Irom. 
Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 
JOHN    STANDISH   and   CO.,    Royal   Nurseries,   Ascot. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALrEY.— Genuine  Berlin 
forcing  kind.     Write  for  lowest  Trade  price  to 
H.     DAMMANN.     Jjn.,      Breslau,      Germany. 

Now  IB  tbe  time  to  Plant 
VERGREENS. 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CD..  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

Just  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85;  con- 
taining all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  oSering  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Walk, 
Colchester. 

TMPO^ANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

-L         Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pu-e  Bracken  fibre  ; 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 

10,  Cullum  Street.  London,  E.C. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders.  &c 
Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS.  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardrntrs'  Chronicle.  r883  to  1886. 
Addebss,    25.    Wellington    Street.    Strand.     London,    '•N.C. 

SQ  U  E  L  C  H  AND  B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 
NotthRow.CoventGarden.London.W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quintity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Toroatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c 

SQUELCH     AND     BARNHAM, 
giving  personal  attentim   to  all   consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH      AND     BARNHAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES    forwarded    weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Important  to  Senders. 

WISE  AND  RIUES  have  now  a  good 
DEMAND  for  GRAPES,  TOMATOS,  MUSH- 
ROOMS, CALABASSE  and  other  good  PEARS.  Al,o  for 
EUCHARIS,  STEPHANOTIS,  ROSES  and  other  CHOICE 
CUT  BLOOMS. 

WISE  and  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W  C. 


Floral  Commlaslon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN. 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  conbignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplieiL 


WANTED,  CUT  FLOWERS  in  quantity  ; 
good    prices    paid.      Bankers    and    Trade    reference. 
Boxes  and  Labels  suppUed.     Cheques  sent  daily. 

W.    EDMONDS,  46.  Banner  Road,  BristoL 

ANTEd7eVERGRE"kNS  and  shrubs 

suitable  for  planting  in  a  London  Square.  State  age, 
size,  and  price  per  100.  delivered  in  the  S.W.  district  for  cash, 
to  Messrs.  ROGERS,  CHAPMAN  and  THOMAS,  50, 
Belgrave  Road,  S.W. 

WUd  Flowers  of  Great  Britain. 

WANTED  TO  PURCHASE,  the  following 
Numbers  of  this  Work  : — i2t,  130,  131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 
tjS,  r39,  140,  163.  163.  and  323. 

Apply  to  HORIUS,  ryt.  Fleet  Street,  London,  E  C. 


Blackpool  Winter  Gardens  and  Pavilion  Co.,  Limited. 
q^HE      DIRECTORS      HEREBY      GIVE 

-i-  NOTICE,  that  Mr.  Thomas  Smith,  late  Head  G»t. 
dener.  is  NO  LONGER  IN  THE  COMPANY'S  EMPLOY, 
and  is  not  authorised  to  transact  any  business  on  their  account. 
All  orders  must  bear  the  Secretary's  signature,  otherwise  they 
will  not  be  recognisetl. 

Novelty— Novelty-Novelty. 

SPIRAEA    PALMATA     ALBA  (awarded   a 
First-class  Certificate  in  London  on  June  17,  1885)  ;  5». 
each,  3JJ.  td.  per  10.     Carriage  paid  and  packing  free. 

A.  M.  C  JONGKINDT-CUNINCK,  Dedemsvaart,  Zwolle, 
Netherlands. 

Tbere  is  but  one 
LEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 


c 


ROSES  IN  POTS.— Her  Majesty,  the 
Bennett  Rose,  and  all  the  best  new  English  and  Foreign 
varietiei.  All  the  choicest  well  tried  sorts,  in  ools,  r5J.  to  36J. 
per  dozen.     Descriptive  LIST  free  on  aoplicatiin. 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

tTaING'S    DUTCH    BULBS.  —  The  finest 

A-'  Roots.   HYACINTHS.  TULIPS,   NARCISSUS.  CRO- 
CUS,  SNOWDROPS,   LILY  of   the  VALLEY,  SPIR.EA, 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs.     Importations  Irom  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  and  CO.,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

Planting  Season 

WH.    ROGERS,    Red   Lodge    Nursery, 
•     South.Tmploo,  offers  every  description  of  well-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  extending  over  60  acres,  at  a  low  price. 
CATALOGUES  and  every  information  sent  on  application. 

A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw- 
biense.  hybridum,  and  all  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  1,  3,  to  3  feet,  beautttully  set  with  butjs. 
Price  t>er  dozen.  hundr.!d,  or  thousand,  00  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO.,  King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 

TREE  CARNATIONS,  fine  plants,  twelve 
best  sorts.  35r.  per  100  ;  best  named  SHOW  CARNA- 
TIONS and  PICOIEES,  3ot.  per  100  ;  fine  BORDER  CAR- 
NATIONS, iss.perioo:  INDIARUBBER  PLANTS,  strong. 
50J    per  100  —W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kiddei     ' 


QTRAWBERRY   PLANTS,  for  Forcing  and 

''-?  Planting.— The  Best  Varieties,  the  Best  Plants,  and  the 
Cheapest  in  the  Market  Miss  Jolliff  CARNATIONS,  Mario 
Louise  VIOLETS,  and  Marchioness  PRIMULAS.— Apply  for 
particulars  to  R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Stamford. 

OVEL'S     STRAWBERRY     RUNNERS 

Price    31.    per    loo,    iw.    dd.   per   500,   aor.    per   loaO. 
From  leading  varieties.     LIST  on  application. 
Sample  of  Plants,  post-frte,  yi. 
W.  LOVEL  AND  SON.  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

The  New  Raspberrr- 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  aod  best  cropper  ever  known.     First 
clais  Certificate,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Large  Cane^,  £,1,  per  100,  gr.  per  dozen. 

^5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 


E 


ASPBERRY    CANES    to     SELU  —  The 

famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Lane  £j-/> .«!. —Apply  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks.  Kent. 

PPLE,    "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 

pleasure  in  ofiering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  5.1  each  :  Fruiting 
Trees,  nrices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

INES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black    Ham- 

burgh  and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  to^.  dd.  each  ;  Black 
Hambtjrgh  and  other  Planting  Vines,  5^.  and  7r.  dd.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOLHORTICULTURALCO  (John Cowan), 
Limited.  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  (in  pots). 

FRANCIS  R.   KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  lo  name 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

Richmond,  Surrey. 


C:!  RAPE   VINES.— Our   stock   of   Vines   is 

VT     in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.     A  LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway,  London.  N. 

SEAKALE  for  Forcing,  superior  selected 
Crowns,  9:r.  per  loco  ;  under  5(xi.  ror.  per  100.  Orders 
to  be  accompanied  Ijy  cheque  or  Post-office  Order  — ALFRED 
ATWOOD,  Grower,  5t,  bhilhngton  Street,  Batigrsea,  S.W. 


546 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  18 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Important  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 

Largely  eogaBed  mi  Planling. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  call  the  atlCDtion  of  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade 
who  intend  planting  largely  durini;  the  season  to  their  numerous 
SALES  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  are  continually  being 
held.  Announcements  appear  in  this  Paper  every  week  and 
the  Auctioneers  will  be  pleased  to  forward  CAlALUOUtb  on 
application  to  their  Offices. 

Central  Auction    Rooms  and    Estate   Offices,    67    and    68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.G.  


Just 


Monday  Next. 

00    LILIUM    AURATUM. 
,u3u  i^..v..'ed   from  Japan   in  fine  condition. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C ,  on  MONDAY 
NEXT,  November  i,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Hampton.  Middlesex. 

SPECIAL  TRADE  SALE  of  clean  grown  FRUIT  TREES. 

Important  to  the  Trade.     Fruit  Growers  and  Gentlemen 

requiring  really  First-cUss  T  rees. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Will  Tayler,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  Osborn  Nursery,  Hampton,  Middlesex 
(about  a  mile  from  Hampton  or  Fulwell  Stations),  on  MON- 
DAY, November  i,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  •— 


J  Dwirfli 
Ned 


500  Standard  Plums. 

,,  Marie  Louise  Pears, 
Pyramid  Fruit  Trees,  and 
Vines  in  pots. 


600  ditto  Apples  and  Apricots. 
Z300  Standard  Cherries, 
isoo  Maiden  Victoria  Plums. 

,000  ASP.»-RAGUS  and  SEAKALE   for  forcmg  ; 
leaved  PRIVET,  THUIA  LOBBII,  &c. 

The  Fruit  Trees  are  particularly  clean  and  well-grown,  and 
the  sale  oflfers  an  opportunity  to  Gentlemen  and  the  Trade  for 
acquiring  Trees  of  the  very  best  quality.  ,     „        .  , 

Now  on  view.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or  of 
the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


Groombrtdge,  near  Tunbrtdge  Well. 

Hollamby's  Nurseties. 
GREAT  UNRESERVED   SALE   of  Valuable   NURSERY 
STOCK,  all  recently  transplanted,   and  now  in  splendid 

M'^Es'sRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Edwin  Hollamby  to  SELL  by 
ATTCTION.  on  the  Premises,  as  above  (close  to  the  iGroom- 
bridgeStatiin),on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY.  Novem- 
ber 1  and  1,  at  n  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  a  large  quantity 
of  unusually  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK.  Amongst  the 
items  may  be  mentioned  enormous  quantities  of  Conifers, 
It,  000  Cupressus  Lawsonii,  Piceas,  Abies,  2000  Circassian  and 
other  Laurels,  iSod  Abies  Wienzcesii,  1500  excellent  ThuiaLob- 
bii  800  named  and  other  Rhododendrons,  2^00  Standard,  Dwarf, 
and  Climbing  Roses,  2000  Veronica  Traversii,  2000  Hardy 
aimbers,  and  other  Stock.  ,_    t   j        .1.    n        • 

May  now  be  viewed.   Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of   the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,   67  and  68,   Cheapside, 

London,  E.C. 

Tottenham. 
IMPORTANT  ANNUAL  SALE    of   unusually  well-grown 
NURSERY    STOCK   and    HERBACEOUS   PLANTS, 
for  which  this  establishment  is  so  celebrated. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tot- 
tenham (adjiining  the  Tottenham  Hale  Station),  on  TUESDAY, 
November  2,  at  12  oClock,  to  the  minute,  in  consequence  of 
the  large  number  of  lots,  a  large  quantity  of  beautifully-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising  5000  splendid  Dwarf  Roses 
of  the  best  sorts,  7000  fine  bushy  oval-leaved  Privet,  5000  Orna- 
mental Shrubs,  3000  Standard  Ornamental  Trees,  including 
Poplars  and  Limes,  with  clean  stems  and  good  heads  ,  8000 
Hardy  Climbers  in  pots,  soco  Border  and  other  Carnations, 
including  the  latest  new  varieties  ;  50,000  exceptionally  strong 
forcing  Seakale,  1000  of  the  pure  white  hardy  Passiflora  Con- 
stance Eliott.  2000  large  clumps  home-grown  Christmas  Koses, 
2000  Spiraja  j'aponica,  fine  clumps ;  10,000  crowns  and  clumps 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  2000  red  and  black  Currants,  1000  seedling 
Hollyhocks  of  a  splendid  strain,  2000  hardy  Lilies,  and  large 
quantities  of  various  Hardy  Plants  and  Bulbs,  for  the  growth  of 
which  Mr.  Ware  has  gained  so  great  a  reputation. 

May  now  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valu —   ' '''■'' 

London,  E.C.  


,  67  and  68,  Cheapside 


Tuesday  Next. 
400   Standard   Dwarf  and   other   Ri  iSES,  all  true  to  name  ; 
selected     FRUIT    TREES,    CONIFERS,     SHRUBS, 
RHODODENDRONS,  CLIMBERS.  TEA  ROSES  in 
pots  and  an  assortment  of  DUTCH  BULBS  in  variety. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION  at  the  City  Auc- 
tion Rooms,  38  and  39.  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.G.,  on 
TUESDAY  NEXT.  November  2,  at  12  o  Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale  :  Catalogues  at   the  Rooms  or  at 
the  Auctioneer's  Offices,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C. 


Wednesday  Next. 
CAMELLIAS,  of  sorts;  AZALEA  INDICA,  FICUS, 
PALMS,  DRACHMAS,  and  other  plants  from  Belgium  ; 
ROSES  in  pots,  a  choice  assortment  of  Hardy  BULBS, 
LILIUM  AURATUM,  Dutch  BULBS,  in  variety  ;  to.ooo 
Double  African  TUBEROSES,  DAFFODILS,  splendid 
Bulbs  of  English  grown  LILIES,  in  variety;  CARNA- 
TIONS   PICOTEES.  PIN  KS,  and  P^tONIES,  to  name. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67 
and  68.  Cheapside,  EC,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  Novem- 
ber 3,  at  hall-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Anerley,  S.E.,  near  the  Station. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  of  the  whole  of  the  GREENHOUSE 

PLANTS  and  other  Stock. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  D.  G.  McKay,  who  is  relinquish- 
ing the  Nursery,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises, 
The  Melbourne  Nursery,  Anerley,  on  WEDNESDAY,  No- 
vember 3,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  consisting  of  2000  Chrysanthemums,  400 
Palms  of  sorts,  700  Ferns,  Eucharis,  large  Camellias,  Azaleas 
and  Palms.  Tea  Koses,  Shrubs  in  variety.  Vines,  Climbers,  Shop 
Fittings,  &c.  . 

May  now  be  viewed.   Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C, 


Maidstone. 

Important  to  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  and  Builders,  and  Fruit 
Growers  engaged  in  planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Thomas  Frost  &  Son  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Ling  Nursery,  Maidstone 
(about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Maidstone  Station,  on  the  S.E.  Ry.) 
on  THURSDAY,  November  4.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  large 
quantity  of  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  of  9000 
Larch  Firs,  1500  Plums,  including  Victoria  and  Orleans  ;  3200 
Apples,  2000  Pears.  1400  Farleigh  Prolific  Damsons,  rooo  Kent- 
ish Nuts,  7003  Currants  and  Gooseberries.  Standard  Ornamental 
Trees,  also  a  large  number  of  fine  specimen  Conifers  in  variety  ; 
Wellingtonias,  &c.,  suitable  for  immediate  effective  planting. 

Now  on  view.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
either  of  Messrs.  FROST'S  Nurseries,  and  of  the  Auctioneers 
and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


Sutton,  Surrey. 

POSTPONEMENT  of  SALE  to  THURSDAY,  November  4. 
One  day  instead  of  two  as  previously  advertised,  to  com- 
mence punctually  at  it  o^Clock,  in  consequence  of  the  large 
number  of  lots.  By  order  of  the  Administratrix  of  the  late 
Mr.  Henry  Potter. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  premises,  The 
Nursery,  Thicket  and  Lower  Roads,  Sutton,  Surrey,  a  few 
minutes'  walk  from  Sutton  Station,  on  THURSDAY,  Novem- 
ber 4,  at  II  o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  remarkably 
well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  consisting  of  large  numbers 
of  Conifers,  common  Hollies,  1200  standard,  pyramid,  and  dwarf- 
trained  Fruit  Trees,  9000  strong  standard  and  dwarf  Roses  ; 
5000  oval  leaved  Privet,  2500  Laurels,  of  sorts  ;  Standard, 
Ornamental  Trees.  30C0  2-yr.  Fruit  Stocks,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewtd.  Catalogues  had  at  the  Nursery,  of 
Mr.  DARTNALL,  Seedsman,  5.  High  Street.  Sutlon  ;  of 
Messrs.  REEF,  LANE  &  CO..  Solicitors,  3.  Queen  Street 
Place,  London,  E.C,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C  ,       .     , 

N.B.— The  valuable  Freehold  Building  Land  about  3  acres 
to  be  sold.    Apply  to  the  Auctioneers. 

Hounelow  Heath. 
SPECIAL  TRADE  SALE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Charles  Lee 
&  Son,  of  exceedingly  well  grown  Stock,  such  as  is  seldom 
met  with,  and  particularly  worthy  the  attention  of  large 
Buyers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Lee's 
Nursery,  Staines  Road,  Hounslow  Heath  (twelve  minutes  walk 
from  Feltham  Station),  on  FRIDAY,  November  5,  at  12  o'Clock 
precisely  3003  dwarf-trained  maiden  Victoria  PLUM^, 
1000  dwarf-trained  PEACHES,  grand  trees,  unsurpassed  in  the 
Trade,  and  embracing  the  very  best  sorts  ;  1 500  fine  standard 
APPLES,  including  the  most  approved  kinds  ;  1500  CO- 
NIFERS, of  sorts.  I  to  4  f«t;  .0,000  PRIVETS,  of  sorts; 
1000  PONTICUM  RHODODENDRONS,  800  standard 
PLANES,  6  to  14  feet  ;  200a  POPLARS  and  LIMES,  4  to 
10  feet  ■  soo  double  scarlet  THORNS,  and  a  choice  ccllection 
of  about  4000  dwarf  ROSES,  of  the  best  sorts. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  at  either  of  Messrs.  LEE  and  SON'S  Nurseries,  Hammer- 
smith and  Isleworth  ;  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and 
68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.  


Friday  Next, 

A  SPLENDID  lOT  OF  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  all 
of  which  are  in  excellent  health  and  condition,  including 
many  rare  and  valuable  species. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  November  5,  at  half-past 
-    o'clock    precisely,    a    fine    COLLECTION    of    ESTAB- 


LISHED    ORCHIDS     specially    selected     for    this 
including  :  — 


Sale. 


Dojlogyne  cristata  alba 

,,     Gardneriana 
Cattleya       labiata  —  autumn 
flowering 


Skin 


white 


Cypripedium        Arthurianum, 
hybrid 
„     nitens,  hybrid 
,,    icnanthum  superbum 
,,     alba  purpureum 

,,     Schrodev^e 

„     calurum,  grand  specimen 
,,     Godefroyse.    large    speci- 


to  those  about 
ellent  oppor- 
efl-grown    Established   Orchids  in  first- 


Aerides  Wilsonii.  pure 

;;  Ballantin'eanum 
Lycaste  Skinneri  alba 
Anguloa  Ruckeri  sang' 
Cymbidium     pendului 

pureum 

And  many  others.    To  those  gentlemen  desirous  of  adding 
rare  and  valuable  species  to  their  collectioi 
forming  collections,  the  present  Sale  offers 
tunity  of  acquiring  —      .  . 

class  health  and  condition. 

On  view  moruing  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 
CCELOGYNE   MASSANGEANA. 

MESSRS  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  their  SALE  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
NOVEMBER  5,a  splendid  Specimen  and  variety  of  the  above 
with  five  spikes  in  fljwer  :  also  another  Large  Plant  with  two 
spikes  in  flower  ;  and  a  strong  healthy  Plant  of  the  true  autumn 
flowering  CATTLEYA  LABIATA  in  bud. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Lamboume  End,  Essex, 
About  3  miles  from  Theydon  Bois,  and  5  from  Woodford  Stations: 
an  omnibus  meeting  certain  trains  at  the  latter  station,  con- 
veying passengers  past  the  Nursery. 

ABSOLUTE  CLEARANCE  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  Proprietor  who  is  giving  up  the 
business,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Piemises,  The  Nur- 
sery, Lamboume  End,  on  MONDAY.  November  8,  at  12 
o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  NURSERY  STOCK,  com- 
prising thousands  of  Laurels,  Privet.  Forest  Trees,  Fruit  frees. 
Conifers  in  vaiiely,  all  the  Greenhouse  Plants,  GREEN- 
HOUSE, 50C0  new  BRICKS.  FLOWER  POTS,  TANKS, 
GARDEN  ROLLER,  PLOUGH,  CARTS,  CHAFF  CUT- 
TER. MANURE,  part  Stack  of  Hay.  and  many  other  .lems. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C. I  and  Leytonstone. 


Ascot. 
ANNUAL     SALE    of   unusuallly    well-grown     NURSERY 

STOCK,    in   splendid  condition. 

Important  to  Gentlemen,  the  Trade,  Landscape  Gardeners  and 

others  engaged  in  planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  John  Standish  &  Co.  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  the  Royal  Nurseries. 
Ascot,  a  short  distance  from  the  Station,  on  TUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY,  November  9  and  10,  at  12  o'Clock 
precisely  each  day.  several  acres  of  remarkably  well-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for  removal,  com- 
prising 


specimen    Conifers     in 
variety,  3  to  6  feet 
5,000  Portugal     and      other 

Laurels,  1  to  4  feet 
2.000  American    Arbor-vita:, 

1%  to  5  feet 
2,700  variegated     and    green 

Hollies,  I  to  6  feet 
3,500  Privet 

500  golden  Yews 
2,000  English  and  Irish  Yews 
And  a  choice  assortment  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS,   consisting  of  Gardenias,   Camellias,  Azaleas,  800 


1,000  small  Conifers 

1,000  named  Rhodode 

2,200  fine      standard 

mental  Trees 
3,000  standard  and  pyramid 

Fruit  Trees 
3,500  red  and  white  Currants 
4,700  standard     and     dwarf 

4,000  Larch,  3  to  6  feet 


iofs 


,  &c. 


The  Sale  is  one  of  the  most  attraclive  held  in  this  neighbour, 
hood  for  many  years,  and  particularly  worthy  the  attention  of 
Gentlemen  requiring  well-grown  Conifers,  &c.,  for  immediate 
elTective  planting. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  ^ 
mises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valu 
London,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 

Harold  Wood-Clearance  Sale. 

The  Land  being  required  fur  Building  Purposes. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  Proprietor,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery.  Athelstan  Road,  Harold 
Wood,  Essex,  near  the  Railway  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
November  10,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  grown  specially  for  cut  bloom,  comprising 
a  large  quantity  of  Gardenias  and  Roses,  all  the  outdoor  Stock, 
four  GREENHOUSES.  BRICKWORK,  HOT- WATER 
PIPING,  and  numerous  other  effects. 

May  now  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  to  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London, 
E.G.,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Leytonstone,  adjoining  the  Railway  Station. 

IMPORTANT    TWO    DAYS'    SALE    of  beautifully  grown 

NURSERY   STOCK,  carefully  prepared  for  removal, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the 
American  Nursery,  Leytonstone,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  November  11  and  12,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each 
day,  a  large  portion  of  the  valuable  NURSERY  STOCK, 
consisting  of  a  splendid  variety  of  Goniferaj  and  Evergreen 
Shrubs  of  various  sizes,  and  particularly  adapted  for  trans- 
planting for  immediate  effect :  green  and  variegated  Hollies, 
fine  bushy  Aucubas,  large  English  fan  Yews,  10,000  Standard, 
Ornamental,  and  Forest  Trees,  including  remarkably  well 
grown  Limes,  Poplars,  Chestnuts,  Planes,  &c.  ;  selected  dwarf- 
uained  standard  and  pyramidal  Fruit  Trees,  Rhododendrons, 
Andromedas  (many  fine  specimens),  and  other  American  plants  : 
standard  and  dwarf  Roses,  all  true  to  name  :  and  an  assortment 
of  winter-blooming  plants  for  the  greenhouse. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  can  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G., 
and  Leytonstone.  

Important  Sale  of  weU  grown  Nursery  Stock  In- 
cluding 2000  plants  of  the  beautiful  new  CUPRESSUS 
LAWSONII  PYRAMIDALIS  "VERNA,"  not  yet  io 
commerce.  This  variety  is  a  most  compact  grower,  per- 
fectly hardy,  and  is  the  best  for  potting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
wiUSELLby  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Nur- 
sery, Park  Lane.  Tottenham,  on  TUESDAY,  November  16, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  as  above,  by  order  of  Mr.  H.  E. 
Pennett 

Fuller  particulars  will  appear^ 


Glrtford,  near  Sandy.  Beds. 

IMPORTANT  CLEARANCE  SALE,  by  order  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Laxton,  who  is  retiring  from  the  Horticultural 
Business. 

PRELIMINARY    NOTICE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises  as  above,  on  THURSDAY,  November  18,  the 
whole  of  Mr.  Laxton's  WELL  KNOWN  STOCK,  including 
the  entire  Stocks  of  his  two  New  STRAWBERRIES. 
NOBLE  and  A.  F.  BARRO.V,  not  yet  in  commerce,  and 
many  other  novelties. 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

N.B.-The   NURSERY  and  MARKET  GROUNDS  are 

TO  BE  LET  or  SOLD.     Particulars  are  being  prepared,  and 

the  Auctioneers  will  be  pleased  to  forward  terms  on  application. 


The  Dorking  Nurseries. 

To  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  and  Others. 

IMPORTANT     SALE    of    VALUABLE     and    well-grown 

NURSERY  STUFF,  Surplus  Stock. 

MESSRS.  WHITE  and  SONS  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  as  above,  under  instructions  from 
Messrs.  Ivery  &  Son,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  2  and  3,  commencing  each  day  at  11  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely, a  great  variety  of  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  in  good 
condition  lor  transplanting,  including  handsome  specimens  of 
Wellingtonias.  Deodaras,  Pinus  of  sorts,  Piceas  of  sons,  Abies, 
Tnuias,  Cupressus,  &c.  ;  also  a  fine  lot  of  Aucubas,  Box.  Phil- 
lyreas,  common  and  Portugal  Laurels.  Variegated  and  Green 
Hollies,  Irish,  Golden  and  common  Yews,  Laurustinus,  Ber- 
beris,  Cupressus,  &c.  ;  Ivies  and  flowering  shrubs  in  great 
variety.  A  line  lot  of  Mulberries,  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Quinces, 
Currants,  Gooseberries,  Cob-nuts,  Filberts,  Spanish  ana  Horse 
Chestnuts.  Beech,  Copper  Beech,  and  Birch.  Conservatory 
and  Greenhouse  Plants  including  Araleas,  Camellias,  Pot 
Roses,  Ferns,  &c.  _  ,  v  -  * 

To  be  viewed  on  the  day  previous  to  and  on  the  mornings  01 
Sale  Catalngues  at  all  the  usual  Inns  in  the  neighbourhood, 
at  Messrs.  IVERYandSON'S  Nurseries,  Reigate  .and  Dorking; 
and  of  the  Auctioneers.  Dorking,  who  will  promptly  reply  to 
applications  by  post-card. 

Bulbs -Bulbs-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C.  every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  Fust-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted 
to  suit  all  buyers. 

On  view  morabg  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


October  30,  1886.) 


THR    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


547 


Wednesday  and  Saturday  Next. 

CHOICE  NAMED  INDIAN  AZALEAS,  CAMELLIAS, 
PALMS,  FICUS,  and  other  PLANTS  from  Ghent  ; 
SHRUBS.  CONIFERS,  FRUIT  TREES,  &c.  from 
Holland.  Enslishffro»Ti  SUndard  and  Dwarf  ROSES, 
BORDER  PLANTS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALES  by  AUCTION  of  DUTCH  BULBS  at 
his  Great  Rooms  38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY  and  SATURD.W  NEXT,  Novem- 
ber 3  and  6. 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale  and  Catalogues  had. 


THursday  Next— 'Sale  No.  7239.) 

LILIUM    AURATUM  —  Received  direct. 

First  consignment  of  the  season. 

50CO  extra  fine  Bulbs  just  received  from  Japan,  in  sp'endid 

Also  fine PIa!:ts  of  ODONTOGLOSSUM  EHRENBERGHII, 

and  otner  MEXICAN  ORCHIDS. 
Home-grown  LI  LI  ES.CRINUMS.FREESIAS.EUCHARIS. 

and  other   BULBS  :    South  African  TUBEROSES,   8400 

Seeds  of  PHIKNIX  RECLINATA,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above 
by  AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  November  4, 
at  half  past  12  o'CIock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Mllford  Nurseries,  near  GodaJmlng,  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT    FOUR    DAYS'    SALE    of    FIRST-CLASS 
NURSERY  STOCK.. 

MR.  I.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  Maurice  Young,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  November  9.  to,  ti.  and  11.  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  beautifully  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  in  caoital  condition  for  removal,  including  about  :  — 
3000  mixed  EVERGREENS  and  CONIFERS  in   Borders; 

K)  Yews,  4  to  6  feet ;  500  Aucubas.  a  to  3  feet ;  500  Thuia 
bbii,  2  to  4  feet  ;  Silver  Firs,  Cedrus  Deodara,  &(i,  6  to 

12  feet. 
3020  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA.  3  to  5  feet ;  500  Cupres- 

sus  Lawsoniaoa  lutea,  300  gracilis  and  others,  x%  to  ajj 

feet  :  500  Abies  Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet  :  and  300  Golden  Irish 

Yew.  2  to  1  feet. 
6000    RETINOSPORA    PLUMOSA  AUREA,  and    FLAV- 

ESCENS,  i^  to  2"/  feet,  suitable  for  pots, 
loao  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN   BOX,  2  to  3  feet;  4-03 

St.  John's  Wort.  2000  Berberis  aquifolium,  ij^  to  i  feet. 
2000LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  bushy,  410  5  feet:  and 

5000  Evergreen  Privet,  2  to  4  feet  ;  3000  Purple  Lilac,  2  to 

4  feet  :  and  1000  other  Flowering  Shrubs. 
10  000  LAURELS  of  sorts,  I'A  to  2"^  feet. 
6030  choice  named  Hybrid  and  other  RHODODENDRON'S, 

Clematis,  and  other  climbers.  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses. 
50  specimen  Young's  Golden  Chinese  JUNIPER.  4  to  7  feet. 
5900  SPRUCE  FIRS,  2  to  4  feet,  suitable  lor  Christmas  Trees. 
75,ooo  transplanted  QUICK. 
io,coo  ORNAMEN  lAL  and  FOREST  TREES,  consisting  ol 

Sycamore,  Norway    Maple,    Black   Italian,    Ontario,    and 

Abele  Poplars,  Laburnums,  &c.,  5  to  10  feet.  &c. 


Cove»l  Garden.  W.C. 

N.B.— The  Nurseries  «re  situated  K  of  a  mile  from  Milford 
Station,  and  i  mile  froim  the  new  Gsdalming  Station,  on  the 


Special  Sale  of  Orctiids  In  Flower  and  Bud. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  33,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  November  i3.  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for  this 
SALE,  will  please  send  particulars  as  soon  as  possible. 


Seaford,  Sussex. 

To  the  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  Others  engaged  in  Planting. 
IMPORTANT  SALE  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  comprising 
about  6o,ODO  Euonymus,  large  numbers  of  Anemones, 
Privet,  Virginian  Creepers,  Honeysuckles.  Lilium  can- 
didum.  Carnations,  Thuias,  Ivies,  Pyr-thrums,  Veronicas, 
Cupressu^,  Syringa,  Jasmine,  Tamarisk,  Cupressus  Law- 
soniana  erecla  viridis.  Lilacs,  Ribes,  Lavender  Cotton, 
Helteborus,  &c.  ;  also  a  few  Rhubarb  and  Artichokes, 
Violets,  Passion  Flower,  Pansies.  &c. 

MESSRS.  SOUTHERDEN,  MORRIS 
AND  BURTENSHAW  have  been  favoured  with 
instructions  from  Robert  Larabe,  Esq.,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Ground  known  as  Thomas'  Nursery,  East  Blatchington, 
Seaford.  on  FRIDAY.  November  s.  at  ti  o'clock  precisely, 
the  whole  of  the  well-grown  Nurseryman's  Stock  as  above. 

The  whole  may  be  viewed  on  application  on  the  day  previous 
to  Sale.  Catalogues  are  being  prepared,  and  may  be  obtained 
of  the  Auctioneers,  at  Hailsham  and  Lewes. 

By  Order  of  the  Trustees  of  the  late  w.  s.  Emden, 

Esq.,  and  at  nominal  reserves,  the  remaining  portions 
of  the  estate,  with  the  view  to  finally  closing  accounts  prior 
to  the  end  of  the  year.  1  hree  Family  Residences  (one 
with  stabling  and  an  unusually  large  garden),  situate  on 
Haverstock  Hill,  Hampstead,  N.VV.,  about  200  leet  above 

M'essrs.  debenham,  tewson, 
FARMER,  AND  BRIDGEWATER  will  SELL,  at  the 
Mart,  OTi  TUESDAY,  November  23.  at  2  o'Cloclc,  the  capital 
FAMILY  RESIDENCE,  No.  18,  Upper  Paik  Road,  Haver- 
stock  Hill,  N.W.,  comprising  seven  bed  chambers,  bath  room, 
three  reception  rooms,  aod  ofBces.  stabling,  coach  house,  and 
garden  of  upwards  of  one-third  of  an  acre,  as  for  many  years 
occupied  by  the  Testator.  With  possession. — Also,  in  separate 
lots,  the  two  simi'ar  Houses,  with  gardens,  Nos.  i6  and  aS, 
Upper  Park  Road,  held  by  leases  for  unexpired  terms  of  64 
years,  at  low  ground  rents. 

Particulars  of  Messrs.  BOLTON.  ROBBINS  and  BUSK, 
Solicitors,    of    45,    Lincoln's    Inn    Fields,    W.C.  ;  and    of    the 
"  .  Cheapside,  E.C 


F 


To  Nurserymen  and  Otbers. 
J 'OR  SALE,  a  most  compact  and  Old-estab- 

-  lished  NURSERY  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS  in  an 
extremely  good  locality,  situated  i5^  mile  from  the  centre  of 
tlie  town  of  Birmingham.  T here  are  seven  good  Greenhouses, 
well  stocked,  together  with  all  necessary  outbuildings. 

Apply   H.   COLLINS,  350,  Moseley  Road,  Birmingham. 


\ 


FOR  SALE,  an  Old-established  SEED, 
NURSERY,  and  FRUIT  BUSINESS,  in  good  Market 
Town  in  North  of  England.  Satisfactory  reasons  given  for 
disposal.     Incoming  light. 

A  rare  opportunity  for  a  pushing  man. 
Apply  to  JOHN  MONKHOUSE,  Accountant,  Kendal. 


To  Gardeners  and  Others. 

ABOUT  20  ACRES  of  very  productive 
LAND  TO  BE  LET,  at  a  Low  Rent.  The  Property 
is  situate  near  two  Railway  Stations,  and  within  an  easy  drive 
of  the  City  and  West  End.  It  comprises  three  large  and  well- 
stocked  walled  Kitchen  Gardens  with  numerous  Glasshouses, 
Flower  Gardens,  and  rich  Pasture  Land. 

ParticularsofMessrs.  DEBENHAM,  TEWSON,  FARMER 

AND  BRIDGEWATER,  3o.  Chcipside.    (35,363-)  _ 

To  Market  Gardeners.  Florists,  &e. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  Immediate  Possession, 
33  Acres  of  LAND,  of  excellent  quality  T  well  adapted 
for  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberries,  Roses,  &c.  Fourteen  miles 
south-west  from  London,  and  r  mile  from  a  station. 

For  terms  apply  to  Messrs.  DOWSETT  AND  WOODS,  70, 
Lincoln's-Inn-Fields,  W.C. 

Grape  and  Tomat  1  Houses. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  Immediate  Possession,  Six 
GLASSHOUSES,  tto  feet  long  x  20  feet  6  inches  wide. 
Recently  erected  ;  with  Hot-water  Pipes,  Patent  Ventilating 
Gear,  and  all  modern  improvements.  A  detached  Dwelling, 
House,  and  something  over  an  Acre  of  Ground.  Situate  in  the 
best  Grape  and  Tomato  district  in  England. 

Apply  by  letter  to  FREEHOLDER,  Box  351,  Advertisement 
Offices.  24,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


Hartland's  Original 
"T  ITTLE     BOOKE,"    DAFFODILS, 

-JLi    COWSLIPS,  OXLI PS,  and  PRIMROSES. 

The  severe  satirical  remarks  off;.  H.  E."  all  about  lacob's 
Stone,  The  Lost  Tribes  (the  Irish  ■'}  and  Esthetics,  appearing 
in  the  Garden  of  October  2,  on  the  above  "  Little  Boolce,"  are 
now  published  in  combination  with  "  W.  B.  //.'s"  reply  (.'« 
ful^i  dealing  with  the  history  of  ' '  '.vhite  "  and  other  Trumpet 
Daffodils  as  found  among  the  lost  tribes?  It  may  be  had  free 
for  a  good  siied  stamped  envelope.  "The  Booke,"what  little 
of  it  is  left,  may  still  be  had  (over  50  pages)  for  one  sktUing  ; 
but  in  all  cases  has  been  presented  Gratis  with  Daffodil  orders. 

W.  B.  HARTLAND'S  Old  Established  Garden  Seed  Ware- 
house, 34,  Patrick  Street,  Ciork. 


GO  O  DandC  H  E  A  P.— 
<o,ooo  GOOSEBERRIES,  including  Whinham'j 
Industry.  15,000  APPLES.  PEARS,  and  PLUMS,  strong 
and  healthy,  in  various  forms.  10.000  LAURELS,  Caucasian, 
Common,  and  Rotundifolium.  3  to  4  feet,  extra  fine.  30.000 
Oval  and  Evergreen  PRIVET,  strong  and  bushy,  3  to  4  feet. 
Also  large  stocks  of  Tree  BOX,  AUCUBAS,  THUIAS, 
POPLARS,  LABURNUMS.  LIMES,  SEAKALE,  &c. 
Special  low  quotations  on  application.  Sample  of  small 
articles  free,  large  articles  for  stamps.  Our  special  offer  of 
choice  PEAS  ana  other  SEED  will  be  ready  shortly. 

HARRISON  AND   SONS.  Seed  Growers,  Leicester. 


DOUBLE    TUBEROSES.— Extra    fine. 
MORLE  AND  CO.  offer  the  above  cheaper  than  any  House 
in  the  Trade.     The  principal  Covent  Garden  Market  growers 
purchase    regularly  of  us,  which  is  the  best   proof  of  quality. 
For  price  per  100,  ic(xj.  or  5000,  write  for  Special  LIST. 
I  and  2,  and  163,  Fenchuicb  Street,  E.C. 


ONE  THOUSAND  ONE  HUNDRED  and 
FIFTY  Choice  FLOWER  ROOTS  for  One  Guinea, 
carriage  paid  to  any  address.  For  contents  see  Bulb  CATA- 
LOGUE from 

MORLE   AND  CO.,  Wholesale  and  Retail   Seedsmen  and 
Bulb  Importers,  i  and  3,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 

UTCH   and   other  FLOWER  ROOTS.— 

MORLE  AND  CO  'S  Choice  BULBS  gained  1st  and  ad 
prices  last  season  in  comepetition  with  others  cos'.ing  double  the 
money.  Everything  best  quality,  at  lowest  prices.  See  CATA- 
LOGUE, free.— I  and  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


FOR  SALE,   35    ARUM   LILIES,    strong, 
from  18  inches  to  34  inches,  in  open  beds  ;  1  specimen 
ALLAMANDA  SCHOTU,  in  good  health.    Apply  to 
D.  LUMSDEN,  Bloxholm  Hall,  Lincoln. 

M^'aNETTI  STOCKS,  extraline  ;  all  clean"- 
eyed  when  made,  35.  per  103,  251.  per  1000.     Package 
free  for  cash. 
KIRK  ALLEN,  The  Nursery.  Fen  Drayton,  St  Ives,  Hunts. 


To  tne  Trade. 

MR.  J  NO.  MOOY  has    a  large   Stock    of 
Yellow  and  other  sorts  of  CROCUSES  to  offer  at  very 
low  prices,  which  may  be  obtained  upon  applicilion. 

12.  White  Hart  Stieet,  Catherine  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Novelty  I 

CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA  ROBUSTA. 
— This  variety,  raised  by  me  in  1874,  and  introduced  into 
the  Trade  in  1884,  is  distinguished  by  its  strong,  erect  growth, 
and  befiutiful  dark  green  colour.  It  is  one  of  the  hardiest 
varieties  ever  raised.  It  did  not  suffer  in  the  least  even  in  the 
severe  winters  of  1879  and  iSSo,  when  most  varieties  cf 
Cupressus  were  more  or  less  injured.  PlaDts  of  4  feet  3  inches, 
£,(>  per  100  ;  2  feet  8  inches.  .£3  per  100. 

Wholesale  Trade  CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 

A.  M.  C.  JONGKINDt  CONINCK.  Tottenham  Nurseries, 

Dedemsvaart,  near   Zwolle.   Netherlands. 


To  the  Trade   and  Others. 
T      SADDINGTON,     Nurseryman,    &c., 

^J  •  Richmond,  Surrey,  cffers  very  fine  PLANTS  of  MISS 
JOLIFFE  CARNATION.  Yellow  MARGUERITES, 
CALLA  /KTHIOPICA.  IVY  GERANIUM  (Madame 
Thibaut).  Maidenhair  FfcRNS,  ROSES  in  pots.  AZALEAS 
and  BOUVARDIAS.  Alsoa  quantity  of  LABURNUMS,  fine 
plants,  12  to  18  ft.  high.     Prices  per  dozen  or  100  on  application. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  alt  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  izf.  to  24.1.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  oc  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

ESSRsVTrEdT  HORSMAN  and  CO., 

OficHiD  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
their  new  interleaved  CATALOaUE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO.,  Colchester. 


STANDARD  and  DWARF  NAMED  RHO- 
DODENDRONS, very  fine,  are  offered  by 
W.   H.   ROGERS,   Red    Lodge    Nursery,    Southampton. 
CATALOGUES  and  prices  on  application. 


THE  LONDON  CORN  EXCHANGE 
ANNUAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHOW  will  be  held 
at  the  Com  Exchange  Hotel.  Marlt  Lane,  E.C,  onTUESDAV 
and  WEDNESDAY,  November  a  and  3. 

Class  r.— For  twenty-four  named  blooms,  12  Incurved  and 
12  Japanese,  open  to  Nurserymen  and  Amateurs.  1st  prize, 
£2  2f.  ;  2d  prize,  £1  IS.  The  remaining  Nine  Classes  open  to 
Amateurs  only.     Further  particulars  to  be  obtained  of 

Mr.  HENRY  ROBINS,  Secretary, 


Corn  Exchangi 


Last  Day  of  Entry,  October  30. 


KINGSTON  and  SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  TENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  g  and  10,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes,  the  Champion  Challenge  Vase,  value  25  guineas,  and 
two  Cups,  value  5  guineas,  will  be  offered.  Entries  Close 
November  4.     Schedules  and  further  particulars  of 

T.  JACKSON,  Hon.  Sec. 
Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames. 


NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY,  Royal  Aquarium.  Westminster,  S.W. 
GRAND   CHRYSANTHEMUM,    FRUIT,    and    VEGE- 
TABLE EXHIBITION,  WEDNESDAY  aiid  THURSDAY, 
November  10  and  11.     Schedules  free  on  application  to 

Mr.  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  E. 
The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  on  Wednesdays.  October  27, 
November  10  and  24.  and  December  8,  at  half  past  i  o'CIock  p.m. 

ICHMOND     (Surrey)     CHRYSANTHE- 

MUM   SHOW. 

The    SIXTH    AUTUMN    EXHIBITION   of   PLANTS, 

FLOWERS.    FRUIT,   and  VEGETABLES  will  be  held  at 

the  Castle  Hotel,  Richmond,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY, 

November  11  and  13.     For  Schedules  apply  to 

Mr.  J.  H.  FORD,  Hon.  Sec. 
22,  George  Street.  Richmond. 

ATFORD     CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 
PrrsiJtnl—lhc  Right  Hon.  the  Eari.  of  Cl.\rbndon. 
The  FIRST  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
and  other  AUTUMNAL  FLOWERS  and  FRUIT  wdl  be 
held  in  the  Agricultural  Hall.  Watford,  on  TUESDAY  antl 
WEDNESDAY,  November  16  and  17.  Schedules  can  be 
obtained  on  application  to  the  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer, 

CHAS.  R-  HUMBERT,  Watford. 
Entries  Close  on  November  11. 

U  L  L  and   E  A  S  T      RIDING 

CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY. 

The  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in  th« 

Artillery    Barracks,    Hull,    on   THURSDAY    and    FRIDAY, 

November  18  and  19,  when  PRIZES  to  the  value  of  £175  will 

be  cfTcred  tor  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone. 

Class  1. — 48  Blooms,  24  to  be  incurved  in  not  less  than 
18  varieties.  24  to  be  Japanese  in  not  less  than  18  varieties. 
1st  Prize,  £io  ;  ad,  i,i  :  3d,  is  ■  4th,  £2. 

Oiher  Valuable  Prizes.  The  SILVER  CHALLENGE 
VASE,  value  15  guineas,  will  be  offered  with  the  1st  prizi  in 
Class  1.  Entries  Close  November  11.  Schedules  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Hon.  Sees.. 

R.  FALCONER   JAMESON., 
WM.  HAWKSWORTH. 


i  Dock,  HulL 


St.  Saviour's  Union,  Surrey. 

To  NURSERYMEN.    LANDSCAPE    GARDENERS, 

AND    OTHERS. 

THE  GUARDIANS  are  desirous  of 
RECEIVING  PLANS.  SPECIFICATIONS,  and 
TENDERS  for  LAYING-OUT  and  PLANTING  the 
GROUNDS  of  their  New  Infirmary,  at  East  Dulwich  Grove, 
Champion  Hill,  S.E.,  and  MAKING-UP  the  ROADS  and 
PATHS,  with  all  necessary  DRAINAGE.  A  Block  Plan  of 
the  Building,  showing  the  position  of  the  necessary  Roads,  and 
any  further  particulars,  may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the 
Board's  Architects,  Messrs.  JARVIS  and  SON,  of  29.  Trinity 
Square,  Borough,  S.E  Sealed  Tenders,  endorsed,  should  be 
forwarded  to  me  by  noon  on  THURSD.W.  the  18th  day  of 
November  next.  The  Guardians  do  not  bind  themselves  to 
accept  any  Plan,  Specification,  or  Tender.  By  order, 

HOWARD  C.  JUNES,  Clerk  to  the  Guardians. 
Clerk's  OITices— Jchn  Street  West.  Blackfriars  Road,  S.E. 

October  26,  1886. 

HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  Imported. 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  extra  large  English  clumps. 
LILIUM  AURATUM,  in  three  sizes    I  i.         , 

LONGIFLORUM  j  From  Japan. 

Special  low  offers  on  application  to 
WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb   Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand.  London.  W.C. 

To  the  Trade. 

JULES  DE  COCK,  Nurseryman,  Ghent, 
Belgium,  offers  :-AZALEA,  Madame  Vander  Cruyssen, 
best  for  forcing,  very  strong  plants,  large  heads,  covered  with 
buds,  ^3  and  £to  per  roo  ;  AZALEAS,  very  strong  plants, 
double  white,  2J  ,  41.,  61,  8j.,  and  los.  each;  DKUTZIA 
GRACILIS,  strong,  for  forcing,  20J.  per  100:  PRUNUS 
SINENSIS,  do,  do.,  301.  perico:  DIELYTRA  SPECTA- 
BILIS.  do  ,  do.,  ao!  per  roo ;  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  £i,£s, 
and  £6  per  1000  ;  CLlVIA  MINIATA,  best  mixed  sorts,  is«., 
aor. ,  401. ,  and  60J.  per  100. 

Cash  with  Order  from  unknown  persons. 

THE  AUTUMN  foTFOREST  PLANTING 
and  HEDGING  —Alder,  3  to  4  feet,  221.  per  1000. 
Ash,  2  to  3  feet,  17^.  per  1000:  ditto,  1  to  4  feet,  20J.  per  1000. 
Birch,  2  to  3  feet,  20J.  per  1000.  Spanish  Chestnuts,  2  to  3  feet, 
■20s.  per  1000.  Elm,  2  to  3  feet,  i6j.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
20J.  per  1000.  Larch,  i  to  ij^  foot,  iis-  6a.  per  1000;  ditto, 
ijz  to  2  feet,  us.  per  1000;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  16s.  per  1000; 
ditto,  2 ^^  to  3  feet,  i8j.  per  1000;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet,  32s.  per 
1000  ;  ditto,  5  to  6  feet,  pt.  per  1000.  Spruce  Fir,  i  to  i%  foot, 
10s.  per  icoo  ;  ditto,  1 J^  to  a  feet,  z7S.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  2  to  aj4 
feet,  i6s.  per  icoo ;  ditto,  3  feet,  bushy,  loj.  per  100.  Scotch 
Fir,  I  to  il4  foot,  131.  per  icoo;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  i8j.  per 
I030.  Hazels,  3  feet,  201.  per  loco.  Oaks,  2  to  3  feet,  17s.  od. 
per  1000.  Sycamore.  2  to  3  feet,  i6x.  per  1000 ;  ditto.  3  to  4 
leet,  20J.  per  1000.  Thorns,  1%  to  2  feet,  14^.  per  1000  ;  ditto, 
a  to  aj4  feet,  i6s.  per  loco  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  sos.  per  1000.  Privets, 
t  to  3  feet,  i6s.  per  1000.  Privets  ovalifolium,  2  to  7}4  feet, 
30J.  per  1000 ;  ditto.  4  feet,  extra  bushy,  12s.  per  100.  Beech, 
1^  feet,  iSj^per  1000.     Myrabolana  Plum,  2  feet,  25^.  per 


548 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  18 


DUTCH    BULBS, 

DIRECT  FROM    THE   GROWhRS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE   FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR   GUINEA    PACKAGES 

OF  CHOICE   HARDY   FLOWER-ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardenini;,  much  enlirged,  now 

Collection  "F"  for  Spring  Gardening, 

Containing  932  Bulbs. 

35  Hyacinths,  distinct  Cjlours  j  50  Persian  Ranunculus. 
50  Tulips,  single  early.  ,,  l.-,ench  Ranunculus. 

50  Tulips,  double.  c        j  -      t 

.  Tulips,  single  late.  c  u  i  ■ 

Narcissus.  Polyanthus.  't  Spanish  Ins. 

nparabilis.  |  24  Tiiteleia  unifljra. 
24  Glidiolus 
4  Lilium  umbellatuni. 


Collection  "Q"  for  Indoor,  containing 

284  Choice  Bulba  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


Hyacinths, 


i3  splendid 


4  Roman  Hjacinlhs. 

Tuiips,  single  early— 

t2  in  4  fine  named  varieties. 
6  DucvanThol.iedandyel- 
6    „    ,,    ,.    starlet,  [low. 

Tulips,  double  early- 


La  Candi 
6  Rex  Rubroruin,  fine  crim- 
6  Tvurnesol.  [,on. 

■  00  in  1 3  fine  named  varieties. 
Naicissus  Polyanihus. 


Jonquils- 
6  d.iuble,  ■ 
6  sinele. 
12  tcillasil 


t-scented. 
.  (pi'icox). 


bxalis 


12  Grape  Hyacinths  (H.  bo- 

6  Eranih.s  hyemalis. 

6  S.iowdr.jps. 

6  liis  Pavonia. 

6  Allium  Neapolitaniim. 

Half  of  either  of  iha  above  for  IO3.  $d. 

The  above  Patkases  may  be  had  lioin  our  Agents,  Messrs. 
lIb.Krt.NS  AND  1.0.,  3,  Cross  Lji.e,  .St.  Mary-at  H.ll, 
1.0  .don,  E  C,  on  leceipt  of  Ch.  q  le  or  Post-  ffice  Older. 

For  OJrticu'a  s  o  our  oilitr  Cu.Uclions  01  Bulbs  for  1  .\  DOOR 
and  ^PRl.Si;  GKRDENIN^;,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CATALOGUE  lor  1886,  which  will  be  sent,  poat-free,  01.  appli- 


rAR= 


ANT.     ROOZEN     &     SON,      Nurserymen, 

OVFRVF.t:M     near  HAARI.EM.   HOLLAND. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITV  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTE  R. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England, 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Established  179U  wi'  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPflVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
See  Gardejters'  Chronicle  of  Sept  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
ofTcred— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

PKIZE    COB  and  other  NUr    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.    COOPER,   P  R  H  S  .    Calcot   Garflens,    Reading, 

ol  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and    PAMPHLETS     on    application. 

JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.     PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 

LARGE       DESCRIPTIVE       CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Comt-Ute  Guidt /or  Amaleiirs.     Cr.itis  and  Foit-fril. 


lUITTR 


CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

A    SPECIALTY.  SEND     FOR    NEW 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE. 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CA  TALOGUES     Pod-free. 

J  HHEAL^CONS 

WiW   Crawley,        U  Sussex. 

CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 
100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

in  too  varieties,  for  4^^.,  6jr.,  or  1055. 

Other  olTeis  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  tor- 
warded  on  application. 
Choice  Varieties  of  the  following  :  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS,  ts.  ;    1^  Yellowfljwered,  t2i. 
12  PINKS,    La  ed    Flowers,  41.  and  6s.,  stDns  p'anls. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA.  coveiel  with  flower  buds,  i8«.  and  541. 
12     ,.     MOLLIS,  diito,  fine  f„r  cullii.g,  121,  and  i8r. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  llo*er  buds,  211.,  301.,  421. 
12  CROTONS.  choice  varieties,  6j.,  gs.,  I2i. 
12  DRACSNAS,  choice  varieties,  6i.,  91.,  .»j  ,  181. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  for  cool  or  warm  hou:e,  in  12,  24, 
or  36  varictits.  at  ais.  and  421.  per  cozen. 
„     100  varieties,  400J.  ;  50  varieties,  looj.  and  isos. 
1000  BULBOUS  FLOWER  BOO  IS.  21s. 


E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,    Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 


F.  &  A.   DICKSON    k   SONS, 

THE     QUEEN'S     NURSERYMEN    AND 
SEEDSMEN, 

CHESTER. 

International  Exhibition,  Liverpool,  1866. 

MESSRS.    F.   &  A.   DICKSON   &   SONS 
have   pleasure   in  announcing    th.it    the    Jurors    hive 
Awarded  them        ^gg     ^^^^     MEDAL, 

Highest  Award,  for  their  Exhibit  of  Trees  and  Shrubs. 
Nurseriesover  200 acres  in  extent.   Forest  Trees,  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Evergreens,  Comferae,  Covert  Piants,  Stove  and  Green- 
house Phiits,  &c. 

Forest  Tree  CATALOGUE  will  be  published  in  a  few  days. 
Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 

Trees.  Plants,  Seeds,  and  every  requisite  for  Garden,  Farm, 
or  Estate. 

THE      "UPTON"      NURSERIES, 

AND    lOG,    EASTGATE    STREET,    CHESTER. 


CR0UX&FIL8, 

Nurserymen, 

Vall^e   d'Aulnay, 

chatenay    (seine). 

Great  Specialty: 

Trained  Fruit  Trees, 

very  strong,   will  fruit 


87S  --Two  Large  Prizes.  Cross 
of  the  Legion  of 
Honour. 


JERSEY    FRUIT    TREES. 


ige  Paid  fjr  Cash  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  H.gh  View 
Nur^cries,  who  will  sei.o.  Catr.age  l-aid  lor  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  2|/- 


R00T8  for  SPRING  FLOWERS, 

WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS.  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ts.  per  dozen  ;  5r.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  ij.  per  dozen;  41.  per  ico  ;  35^. 
per  1000. 

VIOLAS  and  bedding  PANSIES.  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  11.  td.  per  doz  ;  8r,  per  100. 

2110,000  of  the  finest   Hardy  Perennials, 


all  be 


Tied 


CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  61.  per  doz=n. 
PANSIES,  show  and  fancy,  3s.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  31.  6d.  per  d  izen. 
PHLOXES,  I  yea',  3s.  ;  2  years.  $1.  per  dozen. 
PYREIHRUMS.  41.  per  dozen  ;  231.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double   white,  hiac  and   sulphur,  31.    6i.  per 

PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  German  IRIS.  2r.  td.  per  djzeii. 

Mixed  English  IRIS.  is.  per  d.)zeo  ;  51.  per  too 

HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  4s,  per  dozen  ;  25f, 
per  loo 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  alUhaies,  31.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  PERENNIALS  in  variety,  lor  continuous  bloom, 
12  kinds,  3r  ;  25  kinds,  6j.  ;  50  kinds,  i  ;J.  6r*,  ;  100  varieties, 
30J.  :  loo  plants  in  50  varieties,  28..  ;  200  varietic.-,  6cj. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  :  five  houses  from  100  to  120 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  for  winter  ai.d  spring  stock,  rr  varietie--,  6j.  ;  25 
varieties,  tsj.  :  50  varieties,  35J. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees, 
APPLES,   PEARS,    PLUMS,   and   CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 
gr.  and   12s.  per  dozen  ;  Standards,  91  ,  i2r..  and  i8r.  per 
dozen  ;  dwarf-trained,  i8f.,  2ir.,  and  21J,  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  21.  6i.  1041.  per  doien 

RASPBERRIES,  if  to  2r.  per  d  zen  ;  6s  to  12s  per  roo. 
RHUBARB.  4S.  to  6s.  per  dozen  CATALOGUES  free, 
STRAWBERRIES,   35  of  the  best  varieties,  ground  plants, 

2S.  td.  per  too  :  in  2j^  inch  pots,  los.  6d.  per  too  :  in  5  inch 

pots,  for  forcing,  2SS.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  3s. 

to  5S.  each  ;  Fruiting  Cants,  6s.  to  7s.  id.  each. 
Three  Acres  of  Roses. 

Well  roottd.  hardy  plants  tf  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  7s.  ;   50  f  ir  35s.  ;   100  for  45s, 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,   NOISETTES,  &c.,  6s.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees.  Evergreen  and  Deciduous   Shrubs, 
Conifers.  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  a'l  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
h^al.hyjind  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
6s.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  per  too. 

per  dv  zen  ;  40s.  and  60s. 
per  103. 
DECIDUOUS,  aU  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  4s.  per  dozen; 

25s  per  too. 
RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet,  pink,  crimson,  &c  , 

shades,  i8s.  and  24s.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,   for  hedges,    cs.   per   ico  ;    451. 

per  looo. 
THORN  QUICKS,  20s.  and  ass.  per  1000. 

<^  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
qualitt  at  lirw  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.    CLIBRAN    &    SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,   ALTRINCHAM  ; 

12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &c. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSandFLOWERINGSHRUBS, 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c.. 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Stiition,  Great  Eastern  Railway, 
hall  au  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  low  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 

SEEDLING        BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  s,  and  i*year  old  plants. 

NEW   B0SE8  of  1885-6. 

15s.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30s.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection). 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  -jd.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen,  Calvados,  France. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E  ;  and  Bush  Hill 
Park  Nursery,  Enfield. 


HUGH      LOW    &     CO. 

Invite  inspection  of  the  slock  in  these  Nurseries— immense  ia 
extent,  fine  in  quality,  moderate  in  price— comprising  AZA- 
LEAS, CAMELLIAS.  CYCLAMEN,  (.ONIFERTE,  EPA- 
CRIS.  ERICAS,  FERNS,  FRUIT  FREES,  GRAPE 
VINES,  GREENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS 
HARDY  SHRUBS.  ORCHIDS,  PALMS,  PELARGONI. 
UMS,  ROSES,  STOVE  and  SOFT-WOoDED  PLANTS 
TREE  CARNA'TIONS.  &c.  MARECHAL  NIEL  ROSe| 
many  thou>ands.  in  pots,  grand  plants,  5  to  la  feet  in  length, 
l8s.  to  60s.  per  dozen. 

274,600  Superficial  Feet  of  Glass. 


October  30,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


549 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDY 

DAFFODILS. 

BARE  &  SON,  12,  King  St,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


NEW    or    BAKE    DAFFODILS 

For  POT  CULTURE    FLOWER  BEDS,   BORDERS.  &c. 

Perdcz.  Each. 

BICOLOR  EMPRESS,  the  lareest  and  boldest     !.  d.      s.  d. 
flower  of  Ihe  two-coloured  Daffodils     ..     16     o       16 
„     GRANDI?,  the  largest,  whitest,  and  mist 
imbricated  petalled  of  the  two  coloured 

Daffodils       13    6      13 

,     HORSFI ELDI,  the  largest  and  earliest  of 

the  two-cotoured  Daffodils  ,,  ..      10    6       10 

„     DEAN  HERBERT,  laree  primrose  petals, 

large  full  yellow  trumpet,  handsome     .•     :it     o       3     o 
„     JAMES  WALKER,  large  sulphur-white, 
elegantly  imbricated  petals,  hrge  yellow 

trumpet  ..  210       20 

,,    J.  B,  M.  CAMM,  large  white  petals,  large 

gracefully  formed  primrose  trumpet      . .       . .  76 

„    MICHAEL  FOSTER,  large  sulphur-white 

petals,  thick  stout  rich  yellow  trumpet. .     2t     o       20 
EMPEROR,  the  largest  deip  primrose  petalled 
Daffodil,  with  large  rich  full  yellow  trumpet 

—a  great  beauty. .  ..  25     o       26 

EDWARD    LEEDS,    large  handsome  uniform 

rich  yellow  petals  and  trumpet  ..  ..       56       06 

KING  UMBERTO,    large  hght  yellow  petals, 
with  a  yellow  bar  down  the  centre  of  each, 
very  large  trumpet         ..  ..  ..  . .     10    6       i     o 

HER  MAJESTY,  clear  soft  yellow  petals,  ele- 
gantly expanded  trumpet,  beautifully  ser- 
rated       13     6       13 

JOHN  NELSON,  very  distinct,  large  uniform 

full  yellow  trumpet  Daffodil 10     6 

MINIMUS,  the  smallest  of  all  D..ffodils,  petals 

and  trumpet  yellow,  cjllected  roo's  . .  , .       56       06 

MINOR  (true),  an  elegant  small  Daff.dil,  petals 

and  trumpet  yellow,  scarce      ..  ..  ..       76       09 

GOLDEN  SPUK.   large  spieading  full  yellow 

petals,  larec-lohcd 'ich  yellow  trumpet        . .      to     6       10 
SPURIUS  YELLOW  KING,  large  rich  yellow 

petals  and  trumpet,  handsome  Djffjdil       ..       6     6       08 
SHIRLEY    HIBBERD.    light  yellow    petals, 
large      deep     yellow,     elegantly  -  expanded 

trumpet 21     o       2     o 

THOMAS  MOORE,  light  yellow  petals,  long 

narrow,  elegantly-lobed,  full  yellow  trumpet     2t     o       20 
DR.  HOGG,  large  white  petals,  large  sofi  prim- 
rose trumpet,  with  elegantly  lecurved  brim  .        ..  56 
F.  W.    BURBIDGE,    large  white  petals,  large 
sulphur-while,  long-ribbed  trumpet,  elegantly 
gashed,  beautiful            ..          ..          ..          . .     36     o       30 

MINNIE    WARREN,    perianth    and    irump  t 

creamy-white,  an  elegant,  small  Daffodil    ..     17     6       16 
MRS.    F.  W.  BURBIDGE,  large  white  petals, 

long  while  trumpet,  very  distinct       56 

W.  P.    MILNE,  petals  and  trumpet  clear  sul- 
phur-yellow, vet  y  neat  flower..  ..  ,,       ..  36 
WILLIAM  GOLDRING.  snow-white,  hooded 
petals,    enveloping     the    elegant     primrose 

trumpet 20 

CERNUUS  PLENUS  ELEGANTISSIMUS, 

theelegantdouWe  while  trumpet  Daffo'lll..     21     o       2     o 
QUEEN  ANN'S  DAFFODIL  CAPAX  PLE- 
NUS. elegant  lemon-coloured  double  flower       ..  I     o 
INCOMPARABILIS  AUTOCRAT,  full  yellow 

petals,  large  expanded  yellow  cup. .      ..       56      06 
,,     EDWARD    HART,  petals   and    cup  full 

deep\ellow 5606 

„     FRAN  K  M ILES,  very  large  yellow  petals 

and  cup         ..         ..         ..         ..         ..       56      06 

,.     C    J.    BACKHOUSE,  full  yellow  petals, 

long  rich  orangi- -scarlet  cup.  magnificent       ..  56 

„     FIGARO,  large  yellow  petals,  large  rpread- 

ing  01  ange-scarlet  stained  cup     ..  ..       46       06 

..     MRS.    A.    F.    BARRON,  yellow    petals, 

bright  orange-scarlet  margined  cup       .       106       10 
INCOMPARABILIS  TITAN,    large    yellow 

petals  large  orange  margined  cup         . .       76       o     g 
„     BEAUTY,    large   sulphur    petals,    bar/ed 
yellow    large    cup,    margined     orange, 
splendid,        ..  ..  .,  ..  .,  ..         7     r5 

„     JOHN  BULL,  large  sulphur  petals,  large 

spreading  yelow  cup        ..         ..         ..       4606 

„    KING    OF    THE     NETHERLANDS, 
large  sulphur  petals,  very  large  spread- 
ing orange-stained  cup.  magnificeut     ..  ..       to     6 

„     QUEEN    SOPHIA,   very    large    sulphur 
petals,    very     large     spreading     frilled 
crange-scailet  cup,  magni5cent  ..  ..  ..        10     6 

„  ANNIE  B  \DEN.  sulphur  petals,  brim  of 
cup   stained  orange,  and  elegantly  con 

traded  46       06 

„    ALBERT  VICTOR,  barge  sulphur  petals 

large  elegantly  expanded  cup     .,  ..      15     o       16 

„     BERTIE,  broad  sulphur-white  petals,  cup 

eleganllv  edged  orange-scarlet  ..  ..      15     o       16 

„     MRS    SYME.  short  sulphur   peUls,  large 

spreading  yellow  cup         . .  . .  . .       7600 

„  PRINCESS  MARY,  creamy  whito  imbri- 
cated petals,  large  expanded  orange- 
scarlet  cup    17    6      it 


Per  doz.  Each. 

INCOMPARABILIS  SEMI-PARTITUS.  pale     s.  d.      1.  d. 

primrose  petals.sulphur  cupdeeplylobed         ..         20 

„     DOVE,  snow.white  petals,  cup  yellow     ..        76       09 

„     MARY  ANDERSOV,   pure    white,   cup 

bright  orange-scarlet         ..  ..  ..       76       09 

„     QUEEN  BESS,  large  pure  white  petals, 

large  expanded  distinct  cup        ..  ..     21     o       2     o 

„     STELLA,  large  white  petals,  large  yellow 

cup,  per  too  i8i.   dd.         . .         , .  . .       26      03 

BARRICONSPICUUS,broad-spreadirgpetaIs. 
short  nrange-scarlet  cup — the  most  beautiful 

ofDaffodds  21    o      2    o 

,,     GOLDEN  GEM,  full  yellow  retals,  cup 

yellow,  edged  orange         ..         ..  ,.       56      06 

„    ORPHEE,    petals    sulphur,   cup   yellow, 

„    JOHN      STEVENSON,    sulphur -while 

petals,  large  spreading  yellow  cup         ..       6     6       08 

,,    VIVIAN,  sulphur  petaU,  yellow  cup,  very 

elegant  10     6       10 

„  WILLIAM  INGRAM,  white  petals,  ele- 
gant primrose  cup,  stained  rich  orange- 
scarlet  15     o       r     6 

LEEDSI     (the     EUCHARI5    DAFFODIL), 

pure  white,  fragrant  ..  .,  ..7609 

,,     AMABILIS,  large  pure  white  peta's.  long 

while  cup pririoo,  5ot.       76       09 

„     ALBION,  large  pure  white  petals,  lemon 

,,     ARblNOE,    pure    white   petals,    canary- 

„    BEATRICE,  pure  white  petals,  while  cup 

—the  most  elegant  of  white  Daffodils   ..        ..  56 

„    DUCHESS  of  BRABANT,  white  petals, 

t^anary  cup     ..         ..         ..         ..         ..      76      09 

„  DUCHESS  of  WESTMINSTER,  large, 
handsome  while  petals,  long  canary  cup, 
tinged  orange— magnificent         21     o 

,,  ELEGANS.  large  drooping  shouldered 
flower,  long  primrose  cup,  stained 
apricot  ..  56 

„     FANNY   MASON,   white  petals,   canary 

,,     FLORA,  white  petals,  orange-stained  cup    zi    o      20 

„     GEM,  pure  white  petals,  remarkably  fine 

form,  elegant  white  cup    ..  ..  ..        ..  36 

„     lANTHE,  white  peials.  cinary-yellowcup     10     6       to 

„    KATHERINE  SPURRELL,  pure  white 

broad  imbricated  petals,  large  canary  cup        ..  36 

„     MRS.     LANGTRY,    large   broad    petals, 

large  white  handsome  cup —splendid     ..        ,,         10     6 

„    MINNIE     HUME,    large    white    petal, 

large  spreading  elegant  white  cup         ..        ..  36 

„  MARIA  MAGDALINE  DE  GRAAFF, 
white  petals,  elegantly  suffused  orange 
cup,  usually  twoflowered,   very  distinct        ..  56 

„     SUPERBUS,    large    pure,    while-hooded 

fljwer,  while  cup     ..  ..  ..  ..      15     o       1     6 

HUME'S  CONGO LOK.  petals  and  cup  uniform 
yellow,  a  very  remarkable  distinct  hybrid 
Daffodil        21    o      2    o 

„     GIANT,  sulphur  petals,  large  yellow  trum- 
pet, flower  very  large,  most  distinct     ..     2t     o       20 
BACKHOUSEI.    very    distinct     hybrid,    long 
straight  yellow  cup  nearly  equal  in  lengt  h 
to  the  spreading  white  elegarit  petals    ..        ..  56 

„  WOLLEY  DOD.  large  spreading  piimro-e 
pttals.  short  deep  yellow  trumpet,  dis- 
tinct and  handsome  21     o 

MONTANUS.    elegant   drooping    while   flower 

NELSONI  MAJOR,  large'  white   petal's,  loiij 

yelllow  cup.  usually  suffused  orange     ..     15     o       16 
„     PULCHELLUS,theflaweriscampanulate, 
petals  imbricated  and  white,  cup  yellow, 
very  beautiful  ..  ,.  ..  ..210       20 

„    WILLIAM    BACKHOUSE,  large  white 

p-tals  and  pure  yellow  cuo,  handsome. .     2t     o       20 

TRIDVMUS  DUKE  OF  ALBANY,  petals 
sulphur-white,  orange  coloured  cup,  two 

or  three-flowered,  very  distinct 56 

,,  DUCHESS  OF  ALBANY,  petals  sul- 
phur-white, yellow  cup,  two  to  ihree- 
flowered         ..  ..  ..  .,  ..        ..  56 

JUNCIFOLIUS,  a  slender  neat  yellow  fl  jwer. 
with  elegant  Rush.like  foliage,  charm  ng 

„     RUPICOLA,  slender!  neat,  and  fuU'yellow, 

a  graceful  soecies,  charming  in  ijols     . .     10     6       10 
TRIANLIRUSALBUS  (Angels' Tears)  elegant 
white    flowers,  three  to  six  on  a  stem,  ex- 
tremely beautiful  pot  plant      ..  ..  ..       56       06 

QUEEN  ANN'S  DOUBLE  JONQUIL,  rich 

full  vellow,  resembling  a  small  double  Rose       76      eg 
BURBIDGEI  BOZ,ihe  yellow  Poet's  Daffodil      3604 
,,     DANDY,  while  petals,  yellow  pla'ed  cup.       4606 
„     ETHEL,  the  primrose  Poet's  Daffodil     ..       7609 
„     FALSTAFF,  peta's  white,  cuplemon,  mar- 
gined orange  ..         ..  ..       5606 

BURBIDGEI    JOHN      BAIN,    large     white 

petals,  citron  cup     ..  ..  ..  .-        56       06 

„  MARY,  white  petals,  large  expanded  suf- 
fused orange  cup     4606 

„     Ron  IN     HOOD,    white    petals,    orange- 
si  uned  lemon  cup  ..  ..  ..  ..       46       06 

POETItUS  ORNATUS.thebrcad-petalled  flat 
saffroned  rimmed  early-flowering  Poet's 
Daffodil,  most  valuable    i  er  too,  12J.  ej'.       2003 
,,     GRANDIFLORUS,  pure  white,  very  large 

petal,  cup  suffused  crimson         ..  ..        ..  =;     6 

„     POETARUM, saffron  cupped,  broad  white 

petalled  Poet's  Daffodil 7609 

„  TRIPODALIS,  the  scarlet  rimmed  re- 
flexed  Poet's  Daffodil        9609 

„  OF  THE  PYRENEES,  flowers  variable 
in  size  from  ij^  inch  to  4  inches,  a  very 
interesting  group,  and  very  decorative  i  a 
the  borders  . .  . .      per  100,  ijr.       26       03 

„  GARDENIA-FLOWERED,  full  double, 
handsome  flowered,  large  roots, 

per  ico  75  6./.       16       03 
GRACILIS,  a  graceful   yellow    May-flowering 

Daffodil ,604 

JONQUILLA    MINOR,   an  e'ejanl   rich   full 

yellow,  small-flowereti  species  ..  ..        46       06 

SCHIZANIHUS  ORIENTALIS.  an  elegant 
three  to  tour-flowered  Daft'odd,  with  ele- 
gantly-Iobed  cup  .         ..         ..         ..         .-       :;6o3 

BARR    &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,W.C. 


B.  8.  WILLIAMS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 

POK 

BEDS ^BORDERS 

As  Supplied  to  the  Whole  of  the 
Lonfion  Parks  this  Season, 


special    Quotations    and  further    Particu'ars 
■will  be  Supplied  on  application. 


Victoria   and    Paradise    Nurseries, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAY, 
LONDON,    N. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

Intending  Planters  of  Fruit  Trees  are 
respectfully  invited  by 

HUGH     LOW    &    CO. 

to  inspect  the  very  large  stock,  of  first-class 
quality,  growing  on  iheir  Nursery  at  Bush  Hill 
Park,  near  Enfield,  and  on  sale  at  most  mode- 
rate prices.  Many  leading  varieties  can  be 
oftered  by  ihe  thousand. 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,   LONDON.  F. 


SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  sloclc  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

Tht  llhislrnted  and  Dc$c<-ip!ive  CA  TALOGUE  ff  FR  UITS 

fosl./rce. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 


THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

RHODODENDRONS  and  AZALEAS. 

ISAAC  DAVIES  &  SON 

Have  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  their  e.vtenslve  stock  of 
Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  of  all  descriptions,  for  Planting  or 
Forcing,  which  are  this  year  healthy,  bushy,  and  well  budded. 
The  Ar^lea  mollis  are  remarkably  flne  and  well  budded,  and 
they    offer  good   bushy  Plants,    full  of  buds. 


to  offer,  i 


nd  On 


They  have  ah 

Hollies,  Aucubas.   Lau'els,  Retinnsptras,  Fl 

mental  Trees  and  Shrubs.  Lilitim  aiiratum,  & 

Their  stocks  of  these  are  unusually  fine,  a 

very  moderate.     Catalosvies  post-free  on  appli 

Brook  Lane  Nursery,  ORMSKIRK,  LANCASHIRE. 

STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Rootf.  41.  per  ico.  Pla-  U  In  small  pots,  t6(,  per  ico  ; 
ditto  in  larefi  P'ts.  255    per  ico.     Descriptive  LIST  Iree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurseiymeu  and  Seed 
Merchants.  WorceMer. 

WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE. 

Contains  I  isl  of  all  Varie'iss  of 

ENGLISH,    DUTCH,    and    FRENCH-GROWN    BlILBS. 

{Pruei  I  'try  l<rw.)     Itlay  Ic  had  on  afplicnHoii. 

Special  Quotations  tor  the  following  In  quantity  :— 
100,000  SINGLE  DAFFODILS  [eyed). 

50,000  NARCISSUS  POETIC  OS   (Pheasant- 
50,000  NARC1S80S   (Double  While). 

CHIONODOXA    LTJCILIiE,     large. 

English-ETOwr. 

100,000  SCILLA  SIBIRICA,  rich  blue;  bloom- 

ing  same  time  as  the  Snowdrop 

10,000  HYACINT     F,  mixed,  all  colours;   fine 

sample,  very  ch^ip- 

100,000  CROCUS  (Vdlow) 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed   ami    Bulb    Merch.inis, 
13,    IXETER    STEEET,    STRAND,    LONDON,     W.O. 


550 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


[October  30,  1886. 


NOVELTIES    FOR    1887. 

NEW  CULINARY  PEAS. 

The  following  three  New  Culinary  Peas  have  been  raised  by  Mr.  Henry  Eckford,  Gardener  to  Dr.  Sankey, 
and  will  be  found  all  of  extra  merit  and  great  excellence  : — 


MAGNIFICENT  (Eckford). 


Awarded   a   First-class   Certificate   by  the 
Koyal  Horticultural  Society. 

A  grand  main-crop  Wrinkled  Pea,  of  robust  habit, 
growing  about  5  feet  in  height,  and  producing,  in  the 
most  profuse  manner,  large  square-ended  pods,  contain- 
ing six  to  eight  fine  Peas,  of  a  light  green  colour  and 
delicious  flavour. 

In  sealed  half-pint  packets,  23.  6d.  each. 

Respecting  the  above  Peas,  Mr 
"  Your  iieiv  Peas  are  first- 


VICTOR  (Eckford). 


A  dwarf  second  early  Pea,  of  robust  growth,  attaining 
a  height  of  2|  feet,  the  pods  being  most  prolilically 
produced  in  pairs,  each  pod  containing  an  average  of  six 
to  seven  large  Wrinkled  Peas  of  exquisite  flavour. 


DIGNITY  (Eckford). 

A  magnificent  main-crop  Pea,  of  robust  growth,  freely 
producing  very  long,  square-ended  pods,  containing 
about  eight  large  Wrinkled  Peas  of  superior  flavour.  This 
is  a  grand  Pea  for  Exhibition  purposes,  and  cannot  be 
too  highly  recommended.  It  attains  a  height  of  4  to  5  feet. 

In  sealed  balf-plnt  packets,  2s.  6d.  eacb. 


In  sealed  half-pint  packets,  2s.  6d.  each. 

Charles  Penny,  Gardener  to  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales,  writes  : — 
class  in  every  particular,  and  I  caji  confidently  recoinniejid  them" 


LAST       SEASON'S       NOVELTIES. 

The  following  new  Culinary  Peas,  by  the  same  raiser,  introduced  last  season,  can  be  strongly  recommended  ; — 

PROGRESS    (Eckford). 


DUKE    OF    CONNAUQHT    (Eckford). 

FIRST-CLASS  CERTIFICATE. 
A  most  excellent,  distinct  main  crop  Wrinkled  Pea,  attaining  a  height  of  4  to  5  feet,  pro- 
ducing, in  the  most  abundant  manner,  long,  square-ended,  bright  green  pods,  well  filled  with 
seven  or  eight  large  Peas  of  very  superior  flavour.  It  is  a  magnificent  variety  for  Exhibition.  As 
3  proof  of  its  great  superiority,  this  Pea  was,  after  trial  at  Chiswick,  awarded  a  First-class 
Certificate  by  the  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultuial  Society. 
In  Bealed  half-pint  paclcets,  2b.  6d.  each- 


A  splendid  late  variety,  growing  to  a  height  of  5  feet,  very  vigorous  and  productive,  bearing 
1  profusion  of  dark  green  pods  of  medium  size,  well  filled  with  seven  or  eight  bright  green  Peas 
)f  excellent  flavour.  This  extremely  prolific  wrinkled  variety  can  be  strongly  recommended  as  a 
natked  advance  on  those  already  in  cultivation,  and  is  very  handsome  for  Exhibition  purposes. 

In  sealed  half-pint  packets,  la.  6d.  each- 


\VILLIAM    BULL,    F.LS., 

ESTABLISHMENT     FOR     NEW     AND     RARE     PLANTS     AND     SEEDS, 
536,     KING'S     ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 


Registered  Address  for  Telegrams :—"  WniLIAU    BXJLL,    LONDON.' 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


551 


NOVELTIES  for  1887. 

IIEW   SWEET   PEAS. 

Raised  by  Mr.  HENRY  ECKFORD, 
Gardener  to  Dr.  Sankey. 


MR.  WILLIAM  BULL 
has  much  pleasure  in  offering  the 
following  new  varieties  of  this  favourite  annual. 
The  sorts  are  all  very  distinct,  and  of  unusual 
excellence,  the  flowers  extremely  pretty,  and  of 
the  most  charming  and  varied  colours.  They 
cannot  fail  to  please,  and  can  be  highly  recom- 
mended ;  — 

DUCHESS  OF  E0INBXIRGH.-A  very  distinct  and  beautiful 
variety  ;  the  standard  light  scarlet,  flushed  with  crimson, 
slightly  marbled  or  splashed  at  the  edge  with  creamy-white  ; 
wings  deep  rose.     In  sealed  packets,  \s.  6d.  each. 

IMPERIAL  BLUE.-This  effective  variety  is  one  oF  the  most 
distinct  and  handsome  ;  it  has  bright  blue  wings,  slightly 
shaded  with  mauve,  the  standard  being  rich  purplish-crimson. 
In  sealed  packets,  is.  6d.  each. 

ISA  ECKFORD. -A  most  charming  variety,  the  flowers  being 
a  beautiful  creamy-white,  heavily  suffused  with  rosy-pink. 
In  sealed  packets,  is.  6d.  each. 

ORANGE  PRINCE.— The  most  distinct  variety  ever  sent  out, 
and  one  that  has  been  awarded  a  Firsi-class  Certificate  by 
the  Floral  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 
The  standard  is  bright  orange-pink,  flushed  wiih  scarlet, 
wings  bright  rose  veined  with  pink;  extremely  handsome. 
In  sea'ed  packets,  is.  6J.  each. 

THE  QUEEN.— A  very  beautiful  and  pleasing  variety,  the 
light  rosy-pink  standard  being  in  charming  contrast  to  the 
wings,  wluch  are  light  mauve.  In  sealed  packets,  i5.6rf.each. 

T^e  CoUeciion  of  5   Varieties,  sr. 


NEW    SWEET    PEAS    (Eckford). 

The  following  v.irlelies  were  sent  out  last  season,  and  can  now 
be  offered  as  follows;— 

CARDINAL. — A  splendid  robust  growing  variety,  producing  a 
.qreat  profusion  of  bright,  shining  crimson- scarlet  flowers, 
very  distinct  and  handsome.     In  sealed  packets,  is,  each. 

INDIGO  KING.— The  standard  of  this  charming  variety  is  of 
a  dark  maroon -purple,  with  clear  indigo-blue  wings.  In 
scaled  packets,  is.  each. 

PRINCESS  OF  WALES.  — A  lovely  variety,  shaded  and 
striped  with  mauve  on  a  white  ground  in  a  most  pleasing 
manner;  flowers  of  great  substance  and  perfect  shape.  It 
has  been  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  by  the  Floral 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  In  sealed 
packets,  is.  each. 

ECKFORD'S  NEW  MIXED  SWEET  PEAS.-This  special 
strain  of  mixed  Sweet  Peas  is  saved  from  choice  named 
and  unnamed  varieties  of  Mr.  Eckford's  raising.  These 
are  of  various  colours,  and  the  mixture  includes  many  of 
great  merit.     In  sealed  packets,  is.  each. 


WILLIAM  BULL,  F.LS., 

ESTABLISHMENT      FOR      NEW     AtJD      RARE 
PLANTS    AND    SEEDS, 

536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W, 


. PAUL  &  SON 

Respectfully  invite  attention  to  the  following 
SPECIALTIES  : 

PAUL'S  -  Bulbs  -  WALTHAM     CROSS. 

HVACI NTHS,  for  Pols  and  Glasses, 

from  25,  -id.  per  dozen. 
HYACINTHS,   for   Borders,   from 


CROCUS,  from  is.  id.  per  loo. 
SNOWDROPS,  Double  and  Single, 

Border  NARCISSI,  JONQUILS,  ANEMONES,  RANUN- 
CULUSES, LILIES,  GLADIOLI.  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPIRAEAS,  &c.,  cheap  and  good.     See  Catalogue. 

PAUL'S -Roses -WALTHAM    CROSS. 


D\V.\RFS.  from  61.  per  dozen. 
CLIMHING,  from  6i.  per  dozen. 
FORCING,  in  Pots,  fromjii.  per 
dozen.  [dozen. 

NEW  VARIETIES,  from  iSs.  per 
The  R.^se  Garden,  by  Wm.Paul, 
F.LS.,  8lh  edition,  with  plates,  21s,; 
the  same  without  plates,  lor.  td. 
The  Ruse  Annual,  with  plates,  six 
parts,  ^s.  each.  Roses  in  Pots,  5th 
edition,    21.      Roses  and  Rose  Cut- 


PAUL'S-Camelllas-WALTHAM    CROSS. 

The   Largest    and  Finest  Stock   in 

Europe. 
GOOD    PLANTS,    from  21J.   per 

dozen. 
SPECIMENS,  from  i  to  30  cuineas 

each. 
AZALEAS,  Winter.blooraing 
HEATHS,  EPACRISES,  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS.  LA- 
P.\GER1AS  and  other  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 


PAUL'S -Trees -WALTHAM     CROSS. 

PLANES,     LIMES,     .nnd 
oiher     AVENUE    and 
PARK  TREES,  from  J2j.  doz. 
WEEPING    TREES    „     15s.     ,, 
I   LOWERING 

SHRUBS  ..     „     25J.  too. 

EVERGREEN  ..  „  25s.  ,, 
PICTORIAL  TREES  „  £<,  „ 
RHODODENDRONS, 

Seedlings  ..     „     25s.     „ 

Named  sorts        ..     ,,     185.  doz. 
CLIMBING  PLANTS,,     gr.     ,, 
Ptaitiins  Dpytc  by  Estimates  or 

PAUL'S  -  Seeds  -  WALTHAM    CROSS. 

Of  everj'  description,  of  the  first  quality,  and  low  in  price. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDSforauturan 
lne:PEAS,BEANS,CABBAGE, 
CAULIFLOWER.  CARROT. 
CRESS.CUCUMBER.LETTUCE 
MUSTARD,  ONION,  RADISH, 
SPIN.\CH,  TURNIP,  &c. 

FLOWER  SEEDS,  various,  for 
iitumn  sowing  .-  CINERARIA, 
CALCEOLARIA,  PRIMULA, 
CYCLAMEN,  BALSAM, 
.ASTERS,  &c.  :  the  finest  florists' 
trains  are  always  on  sale. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  is.  per 

bush.  MATS,  KNIVES,  GLOVES, 

TOOLS,  and  every  garden  requisite, 

GLADIOLUS.    BRENCHLEY- 

ENSIS,  line,  51.  per  too,  is.  per  doz. 

PAUL'S-Fruit  Trees-WALTHAM  CROSS. 

APPLKS,   PEARS,  CHERRIES. 
PLUMS,  Stand.irds,  from  15J.  doz- 
„     Pyramids  „      I2i.     „ 

,,     Dwarf-trained        ,,      24?.     ,, 
,     Standard-trained   7^.  6,/.  each. 
APRICOTS.    PEACHES,    and 
NECTARINES,      Dwarf- 
trained,  from  30^.  per  doz. 
St.indord-trained,  7J.  td.  each. 
I, RAPE  VINES,  IS.  M.  to  loi.  6.1. 
FIGS.  2s.  6d.  to  3s.  6d.  each.    [each. 
RASPBERRIES,  from  121.  6d.  per 

STR-AWBERRIES,    from  31.   per 
FILBERTS,  from  6s.  per  dozen, 
CURRANTS    and    GOOSE- 
BKRRIES,  from  31.  per  doz. 

Goods  Packed  for  all  parts  of  the  world 

^"  Full Descri/itive  and  Priced  CA  TALOGUESjMl  be 
forwarded,  post-free,  on  application. 
Price  where  large  guantitie 


SATURDAY,    OCTOBER    30,    1886. 


WALTHAM    CROSS,    N. 


CORNISH    MOORLANDS. 

PASSING  up  through  the  quaint  narrow 
streets  of  St.  Ives,  reminding  one  by  its 
lichen-stained  walls,  grey  tiles,  and  ancient  sea- 
worn  look,  of  some  towns  in  Brittany,  we  reach 
the  once  famous  tin  mine  of  St.  Ives'  Consols. 
Before  us  stretches  a  wide  rough  moorland, 
with  a  background  of  rugged  hills.  On  the 
flanks  of  some  of  these,  and  climbing  to  their 
summits,  like  ghosts  of  a  past  prosperity,  stand 
the  deserted  white  engine-houses,  silent  and 
smokeless,  the  huge  beams  and  fly-wheels  rust- 
ing in  the  rains  and  sea-fogs.  The  moorland 
hills  trend  away  in  gloomy  solitudes,  partly 
shrouded  in  dense  mists.  Suddenly  the  clouds 
break,  the  sunshine  pours  through  the  rifts,  and 
the  landscape  rejoices  in  its  ample  robes  of 
emerald,  purple,  and  gold.  There  is  a  mingling 
of  the  tones,  softened  by  distance  into  rich 
browns,  russets,  and  bronzy-greens.  As  we 
look  more  closely  into  the  detail  we  see  that 
there  has  been  the  usual  fight  for  the  survival 
of  the  fittest  ;  at  present,  however,  they  only 
seem  to  jostle  each  other — the  Bracken,  Gorse, 
and  Heather— in  friendly  rivalry ;  the  dense  dark 
cushions  of  Furze  are  stuck  all  over  with  the 
purple  spikes  of  the  Heather. 

Pausing  for  a  moment  beside  a  moorland 
stream,  we  notice  the  Water  Veronica  and 
Myosotis  palustris  crowding  the  current  with 
the  Cresses.  But  what  is  the  little  stranger 
carpeting  the  bank,  under  the  shade  of  the 
Ferns,  with  flowers  like  a  small  Convolvulus  but 
of  a  Speedwell  blue .'  1 1  is  the  elegant  Campanula 
hederacea  ;  over  and  over  again  we  find  it  creep- 
ing modestly  round  the  skirts  of  the  Heather,  or 
peering  up  among  the  short  sweet  herbage  in 
company  with  a  tiny  golden-yellow  Potentilla. 
What  a  treasure  if  we  could  transplant  this  bit 
of  delight  to  our  garden  at  home  !  The 
streamlet,  its  Cresses  and  Forget-me-nots,  the 
Ivy-leaved  Bellflower,  the  arching  Lady  Ferns, 
the  mossy  and  lichen-stained  wall,  the  tufts  of 
wild  Thyme,  Heather,  Bracken,  and  Gorse,  the 
Fo-xglove,  the  Mulleins,  the  Brambles  !  We 
stroll  for  a  mile  or  two  by  the  margin  of  another 
moorland  stream,  here  deepening  into  pools, 
there  gliding  beneath  the  Fern  fronds,  hastening 
on  with  sparkle  and  flash  and  pleasant  soothing 
murmurs  to  its  bourne  in  the  broad  Atlantic, 
scarcely  two  miles  away.  Seated  on  a  fragrant 
cushion  of  wild  Thyme,  under  a  canopy  of 
Bracken  and  Bramble,  drooping  with  clusters 
of  blue-black  fruit,  we  watch  a  butterflies' 
ball.  Bending  across  the  stream  is  a  tall  clump 
of  Hemp  Agrimony.  Its  pale  lilac  corymbs  are 
the  ball-room  floor,  the  walls  the  granite  hills, 
the  ceiling  the  great  blue  sky.  Waltzing  over  it 
and  settling  on  it  at  the  moment  we  write  are 
five  Purple  Emperors,  three  Peacocks,  a  Fritillary, 
and  a  Brimstone,  momentarily  shifting  the 
angle  of  their  wings  to  catch  the  sun-rays  more 


552 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


(October  30,  1886. 


directly,  sipping  meantime  the  nectar  from  the 
pearl  and  ruby  cups.  Behind  the  Agrimony 
there  is  a  huge  granite  boulder,  bearing  in  its 
weatherworn  depressions  and  cavities  tufts  of 
Heather  and  Polypody,  dark  green  velvety 
mosses  and  patches  of  Stonecrop.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  surface  is  covered  with  various 
coloured  lichens,  from  brilliant  orange-chrome 
to  russet  and  pale  silvery-grey.  Surrounding 
this  rich  rough  gem  is  a  garrison  of  Ferns  and 
flowers  —  emerald,  purple,  and  gold.  Here, 
sometimes,  on  its  sunny  slopes  sits  the  falcon 
or  the  chough  :  and,  as  still  evening  comes  on, 
the  nightjar  skims  round  with  ceaseless  whir- 
ring in  pursuit  of  the  twilight  moths. 

The  Cornish  lanes  are  full  of  interest  to  the 
botanist  and  the  naturalist,  and  especially  to 
the  Fern  hunters  ;  nearly  twenty  species  may 
be  found,  the  rarest  being  Capillus  Veneris,  the 
true  Maidenhair;  the  hay-scented  Fern,  Lastrea 
recurva,  is  quite  common  ;  Asplenium  marin- 
um,  the  Sea  Spleenwort,  may  still  be  found 
on  the  cliffs,  A.  lanceolatum  in  the  cre- 
vices of  stone  walls,  and  Osmunda  in  some 
of  the  watercourses,  though  in  most  of  the 
stations  where  it  grew  abundantly  it  is  getting 
scarce.  Some  visitors  are  not  contented 
with  taking  a  root  or  two,  but  despoil  a  whole 
locality.  A  greedy  enthusiast  the  other  day 
obtained  a  ladder  and  stripped  the  well  known 
station  near  Carbis  Bay  of  every  root  of 
Maidenhair  he  could  lay  his  hands  upon. 
Among  the  rarer  wild  plants  of  the  neighbour- 
hood we  noticed  Hypericum  montanum,  Sib- 
thorpia  europ?ea,  Anchusa  sempervirens ;  and 
scattered  about  among  the  Cornish  heath  the 
lovely  Erica  ciliaris,  with  its  delicate  rose- 
coloured  bells. 

A  great  advantage  of  the  scenery  of  the 
Cornish  moorlands  is  that  when  the  eye  is  sated 
with  the  richness  and  variety  of  the  flora,  it  is 
necessary  only  to  glance  upwards  from  the  em- 
broidered carpet  at  one's  feet,  and  a  glorious 
panorama  lies  before  us,  including  hundreds  of 
square  leagues  of  sea.  On  the  skirts  of  the 
moor  are  the  little  farms  varying  from  10  to  60 
acres,  the  small  fields  being  enclosed  by  the 
stone  walls.  They  consist  chiefly  of  dairyland, 
and  to  judge  from  the  quantity  of  stock  on  a 
limited  area  the  soil  must  be  of  excellent 
quality.  The  farmers  are  a  hardy,  indus- 
trious and  frugal  race  ;  well  fed,  healthy, 
and  contented  ;  sober,  thoughtful,  and  intel- 
ligent. The  yellow  and  blue  placards  on 
wayside  walls  may  advise  them  or  not  to  vote 
for  So  and  So  ;  they  take  the  even  tenor  of 
their  way,  neither  coaxed  nor  incited  by  the 
professional  agitator,  nor  intimidated  by  the 
landlord,  though  there  is  still  a  widespread 
belief  that  the  ballot  is  not  absolutely  secret. 
Their  little  homesteads  may  not  always  be 
models  of  neatness,  and  their  cottages  are 
sometimes  destitute  of  a  piano  and  stair  carpet, 
but  they  pay  ^'i  an  acre  for  their  farms,  get  an 
honest  living  out  of  them,  and  bring  up  their 
sturdy  handsome  boys  and  girls  in  quiet  orderly 
ways  ;  have  a  good  store  of  Furze  for  winter  fuel 
piled  up  by  the  chimney  corner,  well-cured 
hams  and  flitches  on  the  cratch,  with  plenty  of 
butter,  eggs,  and  honey,  and  a  cozy  corner  for 
the  stranger  if  overtaken  by  a  storm,  with 
wholesome  refreshment  should  he  need  it. 
When  told  something  of  the  prospects  of 
farming  in  the  Midland  and  Eastern  Counties, 
of  the  wide-spread  ruin  and  decay  of  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  acres  of  good  land  lying  waste, 
they  are  astonished.  "  Why,"  said  one  of  them 
— a  splendid  specimen  of  the  moorland  farmer 
— "  men  about  here  bring  up  large  families  re- 
spectably on  from  30  to  40  acres  of  land. 
But  then,"  said  he,  with  a  significant  glance, 
"  we  work  ourselves  with  the  men,  and  never  go 
hunting  and  holiday  making  ;  to  St.  Ives 
market  once  a  week  with  a  little  stock— corn, 
butter,  poultry,  and  eggs— and  home  again." 
The  only  grievance  seems  to  be  the  iniquitous 


three  lives  system.  This  invariably  crops  up 
in  the  conversation,  and  the  unwillingness  of 
the  "  lords  "  to  modify  the  arrangement  in  the 
way  of  granting  better  security  and  permanence 
to  the  tenant.  Nearer  to  St.  Ives  the  rent  in  the 
sheltered  valleys  rises  as  high  as  ^3  to  ;^io  an 
acre.  This  is  where  the  early  Potatos  and 
Broccoli  are  grown  for  the  London  markets. 
Abundant  applications  of  manure  are  necessary 
for  the  last-named  crop.  The  dressing  consists 
of  stable  and  farmyard  dung,  fish  offal,  sea- 
weed, and  sand.  Here  again  there  are  bitter 
complaints  of  the  railway  charges  eating  up  the 
profits.  Occasionally,  when  there  happens  to 
be  a  glut  in  the  market,  the  grower  has  actually 
to  pay  for  sending  his  produce,  the  price 
fetched  at  Covent  Garden  not  being  sufficient 
to  cover  the  freight  and  commission.  In  West 
Cornwall  the  mining  industry  has  almost 
entirely  collapsed  :  in  nearly  every  little 
village  one  may  see  the  dismantled  cot- 
tages where  the  men  lived,  some  of  them 
miles  distant  from  the  mine.  As  may 
be  inferred  from  the  almost  entire  absence 
of  trees,  the  wind  is  violent,  sweeping  over  from 
the  Atlantic,  with  its  accompaniment  of  sea 
fogs  and  rain  for  months  together.  For  the 
same  reason  bird  life  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
year  is  absent  ;  in  spring  it  is  abundant,  espe- 
cially in  the  valleys,  where  the  voice  of  the 
cuckoo  and  the  songs  of  the  blackbirds,  thrushes, 
linnets,  and  larks,  may  be  heard  nearly  a  month 
earlier  than  inland,  and  the  ground  is  carpeted 
with  spring  flowers.  Wherever  one  goes  in  the 
west  country  there  is  the  same  complaint  about 
the  difficulty  of  getting  plots  of  ground  for  gar- 
dening purposes,  and  yet,  as  we  were  assured, 
over  and  over  again,  the  wayside  enclosures 
were  made  chiefly  by  the  miners  in  their  spare 
time,  permission  being  given  to  reclaim  the 
land,  and  hold  it  for  small  acknowledgment  for 
three  years.  After  that  period,  however,  the 
rents  charged  were  excessive,  and  the  poor 
tenants,  being  unable  to  pay  them,  the  plots 
were  thrown  into  the  adjoining  farms.  Not 
five  in  a  hundred  of  the  fishermen  or  labourers 
of  St.  Ives  have  so  much  as  a  yard  of  land  in 
which  to  grow  a  Cabbage  or  a  bed  of  Leeks,  and 
this  with  hundreds  of  acres  of  land  lying  waste 
in  the  immediate  neighbourhood.  Vegetables, 
it  is  true,  especially  Potatos,  are  plentiful  and 
cheap  ;  at  less  than  a  halfpenny  a  pound  excel- 
lent Potatos  may  be  bought  ;  but  many  of  the 
people  here  are  so  very  poor,  owing  to  the 
failure  of  the  pilchard  fishery,  that  even  the 
halfpenny  may  not  be  forthcoming.  T.  W., 
Harrow. 


THE  BAYFORDBURY  CEDARS. 

We  have  recently  published  an  illustration  of  these 
noble  trees  as  seen  from  a  distance  (p. 521).  A  nearer 
view,  however,  is  required  to  see  the  stateliness  and 
majesty  of  their  trunk  and  branches.  Some  idea  of  this 
may  be  gleaned  from  an  inspection  of  the  woodcut  now 
given  (p.  553),  taken  from  a  photograph  obligingly 
communicated  by  Mr.  Baker.  The  details  relating 
to  these  trees  will  be  found  at  p.  520. 


DENDROBIUM  SMILLI^,  F. 


I  AM  afraid  Baron  F.  von  Miiller  has  no  adequate 
idea  what  a  beauty  he  has  named  and  described.  Mr, 
Dallachy'a  specimen,  given  by  the  Baron  to  royal 
Kew,  is  ratber  a  poor  thing.  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  the 
fortunate  author  of  the  grand  work  on  Australian 
Orchids,  would  decidedly  have  waited  to  represent  the 
plant  in  its  full  development,  had  he  guessed  what  it 
would  become.  The  representation  (vol.  i.,  part  7), 
taken  from  the  garden  of  Sir  W.  McArthur,  may  have 
been  taken  from  a  freshly  imported  plant  (Coelandria 
Smillioe).  I  had  it  both  from  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence 
and  from  Mr.  Bull  in  a  much  finer  state. 

To  day,  however,  I  have  before  me  a  gorgeous 
inflorescence,  laden  with  more  than  a  hundred  big 
flowers.  The  impression  is  quite  curious.  The  buds 
stand  all  transverse,  nearly  rectangular  on  the  main 
axis.    Their  rose  peduncles  and  stalked  ovaries,  chins, 


and  bases  of  sepals,  make  a  neat  contrast  with  the  light 
green  of  the  other  parts  of  the  sepals.  The  open 
flowers  are  bent  down,  and  form  a  light  green 
mass,  embellished  by  the  dark  tips  of  the  sepals  and 
petals,  and  the  much  darker  calceolar  apexes  of  the 
lips.  This  magnificent  inflorescence,  4  inches  high,  2i 
inches  broad,  was  kindly  sent  by  Messrs.  Williams 
ptre  el  fits,  who  tell  me  that  they  received  it  from 
W.  E.  Brymer,  Esq.,  Ilsington  House,  Puddletown, 
Messrs.  Williams  will,  I  hope,  do  justice  to  the  fine 
thing  in  the  next  edition  of  the  Manual,  where  it  is 
now  omitted.  H.  G,  Rchb.  /, 

DENDROBIUM     (DeNDROCORYNE)     INAUDITUM, 

«.  sp* 
We  have  had  till  now  two  long  and  thin-stemmed 
Dendrobia  comparable  to  this  one  —  Dr.  Lindley's 
Dendrobium  loogicolle,  from  Singapore,  and  ray  D. 
tipuloideum,  from  the  Vtti  Islands.  Then  my  D. 
(Diplocaulobium)  nitidissimum,  gathered  both  in  the 
Admiralty  and  in  the  Viti  Islands,  might  appear  com- 
parable, bad  it  not  at  once  stiff  short  bulbs,  with  one 
leaf,  and  which  evidently  never  produces  a  flower ; 
therefore  I  gave  it  the  name  of  Diplocaulobium.  Tbis 
novelty  is  one  of  the  most  curious  things  I  ever  bad 
under  my  hands,  and  was  brought  by  the  Lindeniaa 
collectors  from  Polynesia.  I  have  at  band  a  photo- 
graphical  representation  kindly  sent  me  by  Mons, 
Lucien  Linden.  It  shows  a  dense  cluster  of  singular 
bulbs.  They  are  tumid,  fusiform,  furrowed,  thick  at 
the  base,  and  extended  into  a  long  abruptly  narrow 
compressed  stem,  that  is  dilated  at  the  top  in  a  very 
short  cupular  body,  carrying  an  oblong  leaf,  a  little 
cuneate  at  the  base,  blunt  acute  at  the  top.  The  lamina 
is  quite  revolute  at  the  margin,  since  its  scar  is  quite 
complicate,  surrounding  the  cupulas  when  the  blade  is 
quite  open.  The  apexes  of  all  the  stems  are  crowned 
with  the  remainder  of  the  spathes  when  the  leaf-blades 
are  fallen. 

And  now  I  have  just  obtained  the  top  of  such  a  stem 
with  two  good  flowers.  The  stem  is  blackish  horse- 
chestnut, and  where  it  is  dilated  into  a  short  compressed 
cupular  expansion  it  is  green.  The  base  of  the  fallen 
leaf  remains  so  that  it  has  a  circumciss  base  left,  just 
as  is  the  case  in  the  corollas  of  Datura  and  of  Alec- 
torolopbus.  From  the  old  spathes,  which  are  much 
broken  up  into  fibres,  arise  two  fine  fresh  flowers  on 
tripollicar  stalks.  These  flowers  are  much  like  those 
of  the  species  named  above,  or,  if  you  prefer  the  com- 
parison with  a  better  known  thing,  compare  them  to 
those  of  Dendrobium  tetragonum,  though  the  sepals 
and  petals  are  much  narrower  in  our  plant.  Mentum 
blunt.  Sepals  long,  lanceo-linear  acuminate  ;  the 
lateral  ones,  of  course,  broader  at  the  base.  Petals 
nearly  equal.  Lip  trifid,  side  lacinise  nearly  blunt 
square  ;  mid  lacinia  ligulate,  suddenly  acuminate  at 
the  top,  much  undulate  at  sides.  There  are  two  blunt 
parallel  keels  in  the  middle  between  the  side  lacinise. 
Column  plump,  trigone,  slightly  trifid  at  the  top- 
Sepals  and  petals  (nearly  ij  inch  long)  sulphur.  Lip 
and  column  light  ochre,  with  rich  brown  marbling  and 
spots.  It  is  the  first  species  of  that  kind  that  had 
flowered  for  nearly  half  a  century  in  Europe,  Dendro- 
bium longicolle  having  flowered  1S40,  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Esmeralda  Clarkei,  h.  sp.\ 
A  plant  in  the  way  of  Vanda  Cathcarti — my  Vanda 
Cathcarti- so  much  so, that  the  best  Orcbidists  thought 
it  was  that  plant  before  the  flower  bad  been  seen.  Per- 
haps the  leaves  are  a  little  narrower — at  least,  those  I 
saw  were  so.  Finally  appears  the  peduncle,  and  bears 
three  flowers,  which  combine  the  lip  of  Vanda  Cath- 
carti with  the  sepals  and  petals  of  such  a  Renanthera 
as  flos-aeris  (moschifera).  Median  sepal  and  petal  cune- 
ate, ligulate,  obtuse,  straight,  darkest  horse-chestnut 
brown,  with  a  few  narrow  light  ochre  transverse  bands 
at  the  base,  sulphur  outside.     Lateral  sepal  curved, 

•  Detidrohium  {Dendrpcoryn/)  itiauditum,  n.  sp. — Pseudo- 
bulbis  bai  crasso  fusiformibus  sulcatis  in  collum  quater  lon^us 
angustum  anccps  extensis  :  folio  uno  elliptico  subacute  :  floribus 
ex  spathis,  longipedicellatis,  memo  obtusangulo,  sepalis  lanceo 
cauduis  ;  tepalis  subaequalibus.  labello  trifido,  laciniis  lateralibus 
subquadratis  obtusangulii,  lacinia  anticaligulata  undulata,  apice 
aristata,  carinis  parallelis  obtusis  geminis  inter  lacinias  laterales 
— fiores  sulphurini  :  labellum  pallide  ochraceum  brunneo  mar- 
moratum  ac  guttatum  ac  areolatum.  Carina:  brunna.  Ex 
Polynesia  ins.  introd.  Linden.  H.  CRchb.  f. 

t  Esmeralda  Clarket,  n.  sp. — Habitu  omnino  E.  Cathcarti ; 
sepalo  impari  cuneato  ligulato  obtusissime  acuto  :  sepalis 
lateralibus  llgulatis  curvis  ;  tepalis  cuneato  ligulatis  angustonbus 
curvis,  labello  unguiculato,  medio  brevissime  conico  calcarato, 
ostio  calcaris  a  callo  transverso  apice  biHdo  retuso  tecto,  callo 
humili  ebtuso  in  basi,  laciniis  lateralibus,  oblongis  retrorsum, 
breve  uncinatis  acutis,  denticulo  uno  seu  denticulis  duobus 
supe  additis,  lacinia  antica  de  ungue  brevi  cordata  oblongo- 
elliptica  margine  asperulo  lobulata,  carinis  septenis  usque  nove- 
nis  per  discum,  caudicula  lineari  subito  dilatata,  glandula  hip- 
pocrepica  concava.  Himalaya,  8000  ped.  C.  B.  Clarke  !  Imp. 
eel. H.  Low&Co., prima  floruitapudcl.  J.  Day.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


553 


and  of  the  same  colour.  Petals  narrower,  with  a  very 
narrow  base,  also  curved.  All  these  parts  have 
numerous  transverse  ochre-yellow  bars.  Lip  dis- 
tinctly unguiculate,  trifid,  having  a  notch  with  a 
conical  acute  spur  in  the  middle,  the  mouth  of  which 
is  covered  by  a  retrorse  callus,  which  projects  in  the 
form  of  two  refuse  shanks,  while  another  callus  stands 
at  the  base.  Side-lacinis  blunt,  dolabriform,  acute 
at  the  the  edge  of  the  anterior  margin,  the  apex 
being  antrorse,  and  sometimes  with  one,  at  other 
times  with  two  small  supplementary  teeth.  Mid- 
lacinia  cordate,  oblongo-elliptical,  with  a  rough 
lobulate  border  as  in  Vanda  Cathcarti,  but  much 
narrower,  and  with  seven  to  nine  radiating  keels, 
which  are  whitish,  as  is  the  greater  part  of  the  lip. 


flower  I  got,  1864,  from  M.  Linden,  had  a  narrow 
caudicula  and  a  narrow  glandula.  In  February, 
1872,  I  received  fine  flowers  from  Mr.  Mendel  with  a 
broad  caudicula  and  a  broad  transverse  glandula. 
Several  species  of  Sarcanthus  have  very  broad  caudi- 
culas  and  glandulas,  when  other  ones  show  those 
organs  narrow. 

As  to  the  generic  name  I  stick  to  that  given 
by  myself.  I  never  took  any  steps  to  make  it 
popular.  Those  amateurs  who  are  of  the  usual  con- 
servative view  may  call  it  Vanda  Clarkei — I  only 
protest  against  making  me  the  author  of  it.  The 
canon  laid  down  by  Alphonse  De  Candolle  would 
give  the  decision  in  many  questions  of  nomenclature, 
viz.  that  one  should  never  make  an  author  say  what 


pression  for  a  village  of  stoves  and  conservatories  at 
Upper  Clapton.  There  were  very  small  infloresences 
just  peeping  out.  I  was,  therefore,  most  agreeably 
surprised  to  obtain  a  fine  infloresence  from  Mr.  Day, 
who,  having  received  the  plant  from  Messrs.  H.  Low 
&  Co.,  had  once  more  the  success  of  flowering  first  in 
Europe  a  very  interesting  Orchid.     H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

Oncididm  tigrinum  (Llave  and  Lexand), 

VAR,  LUGENS, 

This  variety  has  both  sepals  and  petals  of  a  uniform 
dark  reddish-brown  inside,  the  extreme  tips  being 
yellow.  The  dorsal  keels  on  those  organs  are  green. 
It  was  sent  me  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  to  whom  it  had 
been  forwarded  by  Dr.  Duke,  The  Glen,  Lewisham. 
H.  G.  RM.  f. 


I 


XA^ihA'^  -^ 


Fig.  109.— cedar  at  bavfordbury.    (see  p.  552.) 


Border  and  area  between  the  keels  of  the  anterior 
lacinise  light  brown.  Side-lacinis  with  brown  tran- 
sverse streaks.  Calli  white,  with  some  brown.  Column 
plump,  ochre-coloured,  with  brown  spots.  Anthers 
ochre-coloured,  mitre-shaped,  with  reddish  apicules, 
caudicula  narrow  under  pollinia,suddenlymuch  dilated. 
Glandular  body  hippocrepic  and  concave. 

That  the  plant  is  just  the  sister  of  Vanda  Cathcarti 
no  one  will  doubt.  There  is  a  certain  language  of 
flowers  that  you  must  listen  to,  and  as  soon  as  your  de- 
finitions go  another  way  you  get  to  confusion.  The 
difference  in  the  shape  of  the  sepals  and  petals  might 
frighten  a  beginner.  The  lip  corroborates  the  cha- 
racter I  took  for  Esmeralda.  There  is  onejdifficulty. 
This  is  the  transverse  caudicula  and  glandula.  The 
matter  is,  however,  not  so  very  bad  as  it  might  appear 
to  be.  To  begin  with,  Vanda  Cathcarti  herself  has 
now  and   then   different   glandulas.     The  first  fresh 


he  did  not  intend  to  say.  What  would  Linnaeus  have 
felt  in  seeing  Cypripedilum  calceolus,  L.,  in  lieu  ol 
Cypripedium  calceolus,  L.  ?  What  disgust  I  felt  the 
other  day  when  seeing  in  a  new  publication  "  Urope- 
dilum  Lindeni,  Rchb.  f.,"  whereas  the  plant  is  Uro- 
pedium  Lindeni,  Lindl.,  and  when  I  would  never 
admit  such  rash  changes  of  names. 

The  plant  was  discovered  on  October  17,  1875,  by 
Mr.  C.  B.  Clarke,  the  learned  monographer  of  Indian 
Composites  and  of  Commelynacese,  the  co-operator 
of  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  in  the  Flora  Indica,  of  Messrs. 
De  Candolle  for  Commelynaces  and  Cyrtandrae,  one 
of  the  few  acknowledged  "Indian  botanists."  Lately 
the  plant  arrived  at  Messrs.  H.  Low  &  Co.'s. 
Dried  flowers  had  been  kindly  given  me  by  my  oldest 
English  corresponent,  Mr.  Sluart  Low.  I  was  much 
pleased  to  see  the  other  day  a  few  living  plants  at 
that  "immense  expanse  of  glass,"  the  English  ex- 


ORCHIDS  AT  MESSRS.   JAS. 
VEITCH  AND  SONS. 

In  the  great  Cattleya-house,  as  indeed  in  all  the 
other  departments,  the  perfection  of  culture  is  to  be 
found  ;  the  great  masses  of  Lselia  purpurata  and  L. 
elegans  bearing  flower-sheaths  on  nearly  every  leading 
growth,  and  the  seemingly  countless  numbers  of 
Cattleya  Trianae,  C.  Mossia,  C.  Mendeli,  C.  gigas, 
C.  Dowiana,  &c.,  are  as  thickly  set  with  the  promise 
of  flowers  to  come  as  they  can  well  be,  while  the  plants 
themselves  are  in  point  of  vigour  all  that  the  heart  of 
their  exacting  grower,  Mr.  Canham,  could  desire.  Chief 
among  the  bright  things  in  bloom  in  the  Cattleya-house 
must  be  named  Messrs.  Veitch's  last  addition,  Cattleya 
Bowringiana,  which  with  its  bright  rose  and  dark  crimson 
flowers  seems  to  fill  a  void  at  this  season,  and  onward 
throughout  the  winter ;  it  is  a  distinct  and  eminently 


554 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  18 


desirable  plant,  and  so  floriferous  that  it  frequently 
bears  ten  or  a  dozen  flowers  on  a  spike.  Several 
plants  of  the  true  aulumn-floweringC.labiala  are  also  in 
bloom,  and  one  of  ihat  still  rarer  and  equally  beautiful 
true  old  C.  labiata  Pescatorei,  which  is  also  a  winter 
bloomer.  The  Mexican  Lxlias  are  showing  well  for 
bloom,  among  them  being  fully  expanded  some  fine 
plants  of  L.  autumnalis  atrorubens,  which  is  a  very 
showy  form,  more  floriferous  and  better  in  every 
respect  than  the  ordinary  variety.  Also  in  bloom  in 
the  Cattleya- house  are  a  fine  lot  of  Laslia  Perrinii  and 
some  good  examples  of  L.  elegans,  including  the 
showy  and  fragrant  L.  e.  prasiata,  and  even  the  small 
plants  of  L.  superbiens  are  furnished  with  spikes. 
Some  Vandas,  different  forms  of  Cattleya  intermedia, 
C.  bicolor,  C.  maxima,  and  C.  Dormanniana,  also 
take  their  part  in  the  show  of  flowers. 

Cypripediums. 
The  hybrid  Cypripediums  raised  at  Chelsea  have 
always  a  goodly  number  of  them  in  bloom.  Of  them 
the  grand  C.  Morgans  (illustrated  lately  by  us  at  vol. 
xxvi.,  p.  243)  may  be  said  to  be  the  queen,  as  it  runs 
the  famed  C.  Stonei  platy^ci?nium  very  hard  in  point  of 
beauty,  even  if  it  does  not  beat  it.  C.  Schroderce 
with  its  gigantic  rose-pink  flowers  and  extraordinary 
elongated  petals,  may  be  said  to  be  the  king  of  the 
Sedeniform  section,  which  seems  to  be  perpetual 
floweiing.  At  present  in  this  section  C.  Sedeni  and 
the  chaste  C.  S.  candidulum,  C.  calcarum  and  C. 
cardinale,  are  in  flower.  Also  in  bloom,  as  head  of 
another  section,  is  the  beautiful  C.  ccnanthum  super- 
bum,  whose  dorsal  sepal  exhibits  a  rich  combination  of 
colour,  white,  black,  and  crimson  being  charmingly 
blended  on  its  polished  surface.  Among  the  other 
rare  hybrids,  most  of  them  the  result  of  Mr.  Seden's 
skill,  in  bloom  are  C.  stenophyllum,  of  the  Sedeni 
strain  ;  C.  conchiferum,  a  hybrid  with  C.  Pearcei ; 
C,  Arthurianum,  a  lovely  cross  out  of  C.  Fairreanum, 
with  yellowish  flowers  spotted  and  veined  with  black- 
ish crimson  ;  C.  vexillarium,  another  cross  with  the 
same  rare  species  ;  C.  Ashburtonioe,  C.  Crossianum, 
C.  marmorophyllum,  C.  selligerum  majus,  C.  Lee- 
anum  superbum,  a  charming  variety  raised  from  C. 
Spicerianum  and  C.  insigne  violaceo-punctatum  ;  and 
C,  macropterum,  between  C.  Lowii  and  C.  Veitchii. 
Of  the  species  of  Cypripedium  there  is  a  fine  show  of 

C.  Spicerianum,  C.  Godefroyre,  C.  concolor,  C. 
Stonei,  C.  Haynaldianum,  C.  insigne  sylhetense,  and 
the  largest  flowers  of  C.  Veitchii  we  have  yet  seen. 

DENDROBIUIUS,   PHAL.Ii.MOPSIDS   AND    OdONTO- 
GLOSSUMS. 

In  the  warm  and  intermediate  houses  in  bloom  are 
several  of  the  rare  and  floriferous  Dendrobium 
ciliatum,  D.  palpebros  with  Primrose  scented  flowers, 

D.  rhodostoma,  Messrs.  Veitch's  perpetual  flowering 
hybrid  ;  D.  formosum  giganteum,  D.  bigibbum, 
Sigmatostalix  radicans,  the  rare  scarlet  Renanthera 
matutina,  some  showy  Pleiones,  a  grand  form  of  the 
beautiful  Vanda  Sanderiana,  another  of  the  blue 
Vanda  coerulea,  some  profusely  flowered  Burlingtonia 
fragrans  (one  with  sixteen  spikes) ;  Peristeria  elata 
and  in  the  Phala;nopsis  house  a  good  show  of  Phalne- 
nopsis  amabilis,  P.  violacea,  P.  rosea,  P.  Lowii,  and 
Odontoglossum  Roezlii,  while  in  a  corner  of  it  is  a  nice 
batch  of  Anoectochili,  with  their  beautilully  coloured 
leaves  :  these  are  not  under  glasses,  but  thiive  well 
grown  as  the  other  plants  in  the  house.  In  the  large 
OJontoglossum-house  and  lean-to  at  its  end,  which 
are  always  gay  with  flowers,  there  is  at  present  a  fine 
display  of  Odontoglossums,  of  which  the  O.  crispum 
and  its  varieties  and  O.  Pescatorei  are  the  favourites, 
and  O.  grande  the  showiest.  O.  Sanderianum,  O. 
madrense,  O.  hastilabium,  and  the  pretty  old  O.  Uro- 
Skinneri,  which  has  again  become  scarce,  are  also  in 
bloom,  and  with  them  a  fine  lot  of  the  violet- coloured 
and  violet-scented  G.  Edwardii,  sending  up  strong 
spikes ;  so  also  a  fine  batch  of  Oncidium  macran- 
thum, 

Oncidiums. 
The  genus  Oncidium  has  in  bloom  many  examples 
of  O.  tigrinum  and  0-  varicosum,  O.  leucochilum,  O. 
Forbesii,  O.  prsetextum,  O.  ornithorrhynchum,  O. 
Tonesianum,  the  pretty  O.  Batemannianum,  O. 
O'Brienianum,  O.  incurvum  and  its  rare  white 
variety,  O.  i.  album  ;  O.  linguiforme,  with  numerous 
flowers  with  light  bronzy-yellow  sepals  and  petals  and 
rose  lip ;  and  several  other  rare  species. 

Various  other  Orchids. 
Also  in  bloom  in  these  houses  are  Calanthe  Domi- 


niana,  C.  masuca,  C.  Mylami,  C.  Turneri,  C.  vera- 
trifolia,  C.  oculata  gigantea,  Miltonia  Moreliana,  M. 
Clowesii,  and  that  finest  of  its  varieties,  M.  C.  cas- 
tanea  ;  several  finely  flowered  Houlletia  Brockle- 
hurstiana,  Pilumna  fragrans,  Maxillaria  venusta,  M. 
grandiflora,  the  wonderfully  curious  Cycnoches  Eger- 
toniana  viridis,  Trichosma  suavis,  some  Masdevallias. 
Epidendrura  falcatum,  E.  Cooperianum,  E.  vitellinum 
majus,  Galeandra  Baueri,  many  Laslia  pumili  Dayana 
and  L.  praestans,  and  scarlet  Sophronitis  grandiflora, 
as  also  the  neat  little  orange-coloured  S.  cernua,  and 
odd  plants  of  many  other  things. 

Other  Plants. 

The  bright  and  interesting  display  is  not  confined 
to  Orchids  at  the  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  for  all  the 
other  departments  have  their  houses  of  flower.=,  such 
as  those  devoted  to  the  winter  Carnations,  the  Bou- 
vardias,  the  grand  collection  of  Pitchers  (always  equal 
in  beauty  to  flowering  plants),  and  the  Rhododendron- 
house,  which  is  never  without  flower.  At  present 
there  are  some  good  examples  of  R.  Empress,  cerise 
on  orange  ;  R.  militare,  orange-scarlet  ;  R.  Rose 
Perfection,  lilac-rose,  with  white  tube  ;  Indian  Yel- 
low and  Gloria  Mundi,  reddish-yellow,  with  light 
tube  i  and  one  or  two  of  the  new  double- flowered 
varieties. 

In  one  of  the  plant-houses  is  a  charming  group, 
made  up  of  a  number  of  the  lovely  Amasonia  punicea, 
with  its  tall  spikes  of  sulphur-yellow  flowers  and 
brilliant  scarlet  bracts,  mingled  with  a  number  of  the 
feathery-fronded  Nephrolepis  rufe^cens  bipinnatifida, 
and  producing  an  indescribably  charming  effect.  Also 
of  extra  interest  is  a  good  batch  of  the  crim-;on-flowered 
winter  Begonia  John  Heal,  each  flower  of  which  lasts 
a  fortnight,  and  there  is  a  continual  succession  of  its 
ptetty  sprays.  Visitors  also  should  not  fail  to  note 
the  roof  of  the  entrance  cool-house,  which  is  covered 
for  about  85  feet  with  mingled  white  and  red  Lapa- 
geria,  whicti  has  been  flowering  all  summer,  and  is 
still  a  sight  worth  seeing. 


TOBACCO  CULTURE  IN  JERSEY. 

I  HAVE,  wilh  many  others,  Irled  the  cultivation 
of  Tobacco  with  a  view  to  profit  in  this  much 
favoured  climate,  and  successfully,  as  far  as  the 
growth  of  the  plants  and  development  of  the  leaves 
have  been  concerned;  but,  I  have  entirely  failed  in 
the  curing  and  preparation  for  use.  The  land  being 
well  prepared,  the  plants,  raised  and  planted  out  care- 
fully at  3  feet  between  the  rows  and  2  feet  between  the 
plants,  grew  vigorously  to  the  height  of  3  feet— when 
I  stopped  them  for  the  development  of  the  leaves 
many  of  which  exceeded  2  feet  in  length  and  from  8 
to  16  inches  in  width — presenting  every  desirable 
feature  of  fine  growth.  Success  seemed  within  my 
grasp  !  A  tobacconist  in  the  town  of  St.  Heliers 
was  quite  elated,  and  undertook  the  task  of  drying  and 
preparing  for  use,  but  "  there  is  many  a  slip  'twixt  the 
cup  and  the  lip."  After  tying  them  up,  in  neat  bundles 
of  ten  leaves,  and  hanging  them  up,  in  a  cool  shed, 
to  dry  gradually,  and  then  placing  them  layer  upon 
layer  in  a  large  case  for  fermentation,  we  had 
Tobacco  of  a  fine  colour,  but  no  flavour.  One  cigar 
of  South  American  produce  was  worth  one  hundred 
of  those  manufactured  from  the  leaves.  I  have  not 
repeated  the  experiment.  It  was  quite  evident  that 
sun-heat  was  the  element  wanted.  The  process  of 
drying  was  too  long,  and  the  nature  of  the  Tobacco, 
and  with  it  the  flavour,  evaporates  in  the  manufac- 
ture. It  was  as  flavourless  as  most  of  the  Tobaccos 
grown  in  Normandy  and  Brittany.  To  the  numerous 
propositions  which  might  be  advanced  as  to  why  this 
was  not  done,  or  that  was  not  done,  an  easy  reply 
can  be  made.  All  was  done  that  could  be  done,  but 
we  had  not  command  of  the  elements,  and  could  not 
command  the  sun  to  shine  when  it  was  required.  The 
late  John  Diamond,  of  Exeter,  was  of  opinion  that 
to  grow  exotic  plants  in  Western  Europe  it  would  be 
necessary  to  import  the  tropical  climate  with  the 
plants,  and  he  was  pretty  correct  in  his  judgment.  I 
am  quite  convinced  it  is  useless  to  grow  Tobacco 
in  England  or  its  immediate  dependencies,  ex- 
cept as  an  ornamental  border  plant.  The  variety 
I  grew  was  Nicotiana  sanguinea,  and  a  beau- 
tiful plant  it  is,  with  its  bold  stem,  fine  out- 
stretched leaves,  and  pretty  pale  rose-coloured  flowers. 
It  seeds  very  freely,  and  I  have,  most  seasons,   some 


specimens  of  it  growing  in  my  nurseries,  as  accidental 
plants,  the  seeds  being  carried  about  with  the  manure, 
I  will  gladly  send  a  small  packet  of  the  seed  to  any 
horticulturist  who  is  desirous  of  proving  for  himself 
the  correctness  of  what  I  now  advance  on  the  sub- 
ject. A  fine  season,  other  circumstances  being  con- 
genial, will  produce  large  plants,  which  are  so  orna- 
mental that  they  amply  repay  the  little  trouble 
attending  their  culture  ;  but  growing  the  plants, 
curing,  and  manufacturing  the  produce  in  an  accept- 
able and  profitable  manner  are  very  different  pro- 
cesses. [See  pamphlet  by  Messrs,  Carter  &  Co,  on 
this  subject.   Ed.]  C,  B,  SaunJe-i,  Jersey. 


THE  WHEAT   CROP   OF    1886. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Sir  J.  B. 
Lawes,  Rothamsted,  for  the  following  important 
paper  on  our  Wheat  crop  : — 

Before  harvest  there  was  a  very  general  opinion 
expressed  by  contributors  to  the  agricultural  journals 
that  the  Wheat  crop  of  the  country  would  be  con- 
siderably below  the  average  in  yield  per  acre.  At 
Rothamsted  the  results  of  threshing,  both  of  the 
farm  and  the  experimental  crops,  show  a  produce 
considerably  above  what  I  anticipated.  Two  fields 
of  Wheat  after  red  Clover  each  give  about  50  bushels 
per  acre,  and  the  figures  in  the  following  table,  which 
records  the  results  of  the  experimental  crop  of  1SS6, 
the  forty-third  in  succession  on  the  same  land,  confirm 
the  yield  of  the  ordinary  farm  crops. 


Btishets  ef  Dressed  Grairtjier  Ac 


•age 


year,  i836 


1876-85 
Aver.-ise  24  years, 

1852-75  ..         .. 
Average   34  years, 

.852-83  ..     .. 


9       '  Z^'M    35/i42j<44?i    40K 


30  29^33^35?^^  32?4 
35K  34J<  37>«36Ki  36>< 
33K  !32?«  36>«  3654'  35K 


24Kt 
28}i! 
=7?4§ 


Weight  per  Bushel  of  Dressed  Cr 


Present  year,  1886 

Average  10  years, 
1876-85  .. 


63J'8    62;^ 

I 
60K  .6o>i 

6o}i    59K 


62^  6o^i    62 


60H  j  59K 

S8%   ;   58?i 
595<      ViYi 


Total  Siravj^  Chaff,  ^c. 

per  Acre,  in  Ciuts. 

Present  year,  1886       $%     24K 

27Ji'35     38H    33M 

2./S 

Average   10  years,    ■ 
1876-85  ..         ..   1     8K. 

27H 

31^  39H  i'h  37H 

24'^ 

Average    24  years,    1 

JS52.75  ..      ..  ;  12H 

■^■^y^ 

34f8  4rJ<42/s    39M 

28"^ 

Average   34  years, 

185-2-83 ..     ..   i.j< 

3>r> 

33H  40H  42        38K 

27J< 

I  may  observe  that  although  the  average  yield  of 
the  selected  plots  of  the  present  year  difFirs  but  little 
from  that  of  1SS5,  yet  there  was  a  very  marked 
difference  in  the  yield  of  the  individual  plots  which 
contribute  to  the  average  in  the  two  season?.  Thus, 
the  unmanured  plot  gave  only  9  bushels  per  acre  this 
year,  against  about  15  bushels  last  year;  and  the 
dunged  plot  gave  36^  bushels  this  year,  against  over 
40  bushels  last  year.  On  the  other  hand,  each  of  the 
three  artificially  manured  plots  has  yielded  consider- 
ably more  this  year  than  it  did  last  year. 

An  explanation  of  the  great  difference  in  the  yield 
by  the  same  manures  in  the  two  seasons  is  to  be  found 
in  the  difference  in  the  characters  of  the  seasons 
themselves.  During  the  five  months,  September  to 
January  inclusive,  the  rainfall  at  Rothamsted  amounted 
in  18S4-S5  to  12  inches,  but  in  1SS5-S6  to  17^  inches ; 
and  during  the  same  five  months  the  drainage  passing 
through  our  5-feet  soil  drain-gauge  amounted  in 
1884-S5  to  only  7i  inches,  but  in  1SS5  S6  to 
125  inches.  We  should  expsct,  therefore,  that  the 
soluble  matters,  and  especially  the  nitrogen  as  nitrates, 
in  the  soil  of  the  unmanured   plot,  and   in  that  of  the 

•  Equal  to  ugJi  bushels,  at  61  lb.  per  bushel, 
t  Equal  to  24?^  bushels,  at  61  lb.  per  bushel. 
J  Equal  to  27  J^  bushels,  at  St  lb.  per  bushel. 
§  Equal  to  26yj  bushels,  at  61  lb.  per  bushel. 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


555 


plot  where  dung  is  applied  in  the  autumn,  would  be 
much  more  washed  out  in  the  winter  of  1885-86 
than  in  the  previous  year.  The  loss  by  washing  out 
would,  however,  be  propoilionally  much  less  in  the 
case  of  the  artificially  manured  plots,  which  receive 
only  a  small  proportion  of  their  nitrogenous  manure 
in  the  autumn,  and  the  remainder  not  until  the  spring. 
It  is  evident,  however,  both  from  the  produce  per 
acre,  and  from  the  higher  weight  per  bushel  of  the 
grain,  that  the  summer  of  1SS6  was  more  favourable 
for  the  Wheat  crop  than  that  of  1885. 

Taking  the  foregoing  facts  into  consideration  in 
forming  a  judgment  of  the  Wheat  crop  of  1886  over 
the  country  at  large,  it  may  be  concluded  that,  on 
(allow  land  and  on  land  in  poor  condition,  where  the 
crop  would  depend  largely  on  the  natural  resources  of 
the  soil,  the  yield  would  be  much  below  that  of  1S85, 
and  much  below  an  average  ;  it  would  also  generally 
be  so  on  light  lands  subject  to  much  drainage.  On 
the  other  hand,  on  heavy  soils,  especially  when  highly 
firmed,  we  should  expect  that  the  yield  will  be  above 
that  of  last  year,  and  above  the  average  ;  indeed,  that 
in  some  lociliiies  very  heavy  crops  have  been  grown. 
Speaking  generally,  too,  spring-sown  artificial  nitro- 
genous manures  ought  to  have  given  remunerative 
returns  to  the  farmer  in  the  season  just  past. 

With  a  season  affecting  the  crop  so  differently  ac- 
cording to  the  character  and  condition  of  the  land,  it 
is  somewhat  diffi:ult  to  strike  the  balance,  and  to 
decide  how  far  the  crop  of  the  country  at  large  is 
above  or  below  the  average.  I  propose,  however,  to 
adopt  the  figures  given  in  the  table  without  modifica- 
tion, and  acTOrdingly  to  estimate  the  average  crop  of 
the  United  Kingdom  at  20J  bushels  per  acre.  The 
result  is  seen  in  the  following  calculations.  The  area 
under  Wheat  in  the  United  Kingdom  was,  during  the 
past  season,  about  200,000  acres  less  than  in  1SS5, 
and  amounted  to  only  2,358,372  acres.  This  area,  at 
29I  bushels  per  acre,  gives  an  aggregate  produce  of 
8,622.798  quarters  ;  which,  deducting  2;  bushels  per 
acre  for  seed  leaves  only  7,959, 506,  or  scarcely 
8,000,000  quarters  for  consumption.  The  estimated 
average  population  for  the  harvest  year  September  I, 
1SS6,  to  August  31,  18S7,  is  37,048,347  ;  and  allow- 
ing  a  consumption  of  5  65  bushels  per  head,  the  total 
quantity  of  Wheat  required  to  feed  the  population  will 
be  26,415,395  quarters,  or  say  in  round  numbers 
26,500,000  quarters.  Of  this,  according  to  our 
estimate,  only  about  8,000,000  quaiters  will  be  avail- 
able from  home  produce,  leaving  a  probable  require- 
ment, from  stocks  and  imports,  of  about  18,500,000 
quarters.  J.  B.  Lawcs,  KothaimtcJ,  October  22 


COLONIAL  AND  INDIAN  EXHI- 
BITION. 

Colonial  Paintings,  Photographs,  and 
Drawings.— A  most  interesting  and  bulky  volume 
might  be  produced  on  the  photographs  and  paintings 
of  Indian  and  Colonial  scenery  exhibited  in  the 
different  courts  of  the  Exhibition. 

Niw  Zealand.— "Wie.  collections  of  New  Zealand 
paintings  will  not  readily  be  forgotten,  especially 
those  of  the  celebrated  Pink  and  White  Terraces, 
which  have  become  famou=,  if  not  historical,  on 
account  of  the  recent  eruption. 

Ne-<ii  South  W'aks  —The  photographs  also  are  o( 
unusual  excellence.  The  New  South  Wales  collection 
of  paintings  will  also  be  well  remembered,  many  of 
them  giving  vivid  impressions  of  characteristic  vege- 
tation, especially  of  forest  scenes  in  which  the  various 
species  of  Eucalyptus  pliy  a  prominent  part.  The 
splendid  set  of  water-colour  paintings  of  Australian 
plants  by  Mrs.  Ellis  Rowan  will  be  especially  valued 
for  their  general  beauty  and  accuracy  of  drawing. 

Trinii/iid  shows  some  instructive  photographs  of 
the  growth  and  preparation  of  Cocoa  (Theobroma 
cacao),  the  staple  product  of  the  island  ;  while  on  a 
screen  between  the  Trinidad  and  the  British  Guiana, 
courts  is  a  series  of  excellent  photographs,  several  of 
which  illustrate  the  cultivation  and  preparation  of 
Sugar,  including  a  general  view  of  a  Sugar  plantation, 
a  field  of  young  canes,  banking  and  planting,  weed- 
ing, passing  cants  through  the  mill,  view  of  manager's 
quarters — a  really  fine  house,  behind  which  are  the 
works,  and  in  front  and  around  some  tall  Palms  and 
various  tropical  plants — apparently  very  comfortable 
quarters,  which  is  fully  confirmed  by  another  photo- 
graph of  the  interior  of  the  manager's  parlour,  the 
appointments  of  which  are  even  luxurious.  This 
e  ries  is  both  interesting  and  instructive.     One  pho- 


tograph which  cannot  fail  to  attract  attention  repre- 
sents a  portion  of  a  trench  3  miles  in  length  filled 
with  the  Victoria  regia  Water  Lily,  the  circular  leaves 
of  which  are  so  thickly  grown  together  as  to  form  a 
covering  from  bank  to  bank.  Three  miles  of  this 
magnificent  aquatic  must  be  a  splendid  sight  when 
in  flower. 

Straits  Seltlements.— In  the  Straits  Settlements  a 
collection  of  photographs  of  buildings  and  some  of 
the  principal  economic  plants  are  shown,  amongst 
others  a  group  of  Sago  Palms  at  Singapore,  an  avenue 
of  Cocoa-nut  Palms,  also  at  Singapore ;  a  Tea  plan- 
tation, in  which  the  plants  strike  us  as  being  very 
wide  apart,  not  only  in  the  rows  but  from  each  other. 
That  illustrating  the  preparation  of  Gambir  (Uncaria 
Gambir)  is  of  considerable  interest.  Outside  the 
thatched  huts,  which  are  shown  on  either  side,  is 
spread  the  Gambir  to  dry  on  light  Bamboo  frames. 
Another  photograph  shows  a  very  fine  group  of  young 
Betel-nut  Palms,  the  trunks  of  which  are  remarkably 
straight  and  slender.  A  Pepper  plantation,  with  the 
crop  in  process  of  harvesting,  is  shown,  as  well  as 
Liberian  Coffee  trees  in  full  bearing. 

Ceylon.  —  In  the  Ceylon  court,  besides  others  of 
special  trees  and  characteristic  vegetation,  the  series 
illustrating  the  preparation  of  Tea  is  extremely  good, 
and  will  be  found  very  useful. 

Natal.  —  In  Natal  there  are  a  large  number  of 
photographs  of  very  varied  subjects.  Those  bearing 
on  subjects  with  which  we  are  most  interested  are 
amongst  a  series  exhibited  by  Mr,  G.  T.  Ferneyhough, 
of  Pietermaritzburg  ;  one  represents  the  smoking  of 
Djkka,  or  Hemp  (Cannabis  sativa),  or,  as  the  Kaffir 
calls  it,  "Isangu."  Dakka  is  described  as  being  a 
"  corruption  of  the  Dutch  work  for  the  weed."  The 
following  description  is  given  of  the  photograph  : — • 
"The  plant  grows  wild  all  over  Natal  in  waste 
places,  and  produces  large  crops  of  seed,  but  Is  useless 
for  fibre — at  least,  so  far  as  experiments  have  gone, 
and  the  natives  alone  make  use  of  it.  At  a  certain 
stage  of  its  growth,  i.e.,  when  the  flowers  are  fully 
out,  branches  are  cut  off,  and  allowed  to  dry  in  the 
sun,  and  are  then  tightly  packed  in  bundles, 
wrapped  round  with  grass  matting,  when  it  is  ready 
for  use.  The  pipe  of  the  Kaffir  is  a  species  of 
hookah,  and  is  called  '  Igadu.'  It  consists  of 
a  bullock's  horn,  in  which  about  half-way  up 
is  tightly  inserted  a  hollow  stick  in  a  slanting  direc- 
tion, which  reaches  nearly  to  the  bottom  of  the  horn. 
This  stick  is  surmounted  with  a  bowl  or  pipe-head, 
made  of  a  softly  cutting  green-stone — "soap-stone," 
which  is  very  heavy.  The  pipe  being  filled  with 
'Isangu,'  or  Hemp,  the  horn  is  filled  with  water, 
and  the  smoke  is  drawn  up  into  the  mouth  ;  several 
puffs  are  taken,  until  a  volume  is  secured,  which  is 
retained  for  a  time  and  partly  swallowed.  This  soon 
produces  spasms,  and  results  in  a  most  violent  fit  of 
coughing,  that  would  kill  any  ordinary  white  man. 
This  is  the  luxury  sought  fur,  together  iriih  the  stupe- 
fying and  soothing  influence  of  the  narcotic  contained 
in  the  plant.  The  fit  of  coughing  having  subsided, 
the  saliva  generated  is  then  passed  through  a  long 
hollow  reed,  and  a  series  of  bubbles  results  which  are 
formed  into  circles,  representing  kraals,  or  into  strings 
and  other  shapes,  and  according  to  number,  size,  and 
other  indications  are  taken  as  signs  of  future  wealth, 
number  of  wives,  and  other  items  interesting  to  the 
childlike  mind  of  the  Kaffir.  This  continues  until 
they  have  had  enough,  and  sleep  or  go  away.  The 
smoking  of  this  wild  Hemp  is  the  most  noxious  and 
injurious  habit  that  the  native  indulges  in." 

While  writing  of  Natal  it  may  be  well  to  mention 
that  the  exhibits  of  Tea  grown  and  prepared  in  the 
colony  have  attracted  a  considerable  amount  of  atten- 
tion, and  that  the  Tea  is  now  on  sale  in  the  Natal 
couit.  We  have  had  an  opportunity  of  tasting  this 
Tea,  and  find  that  the  quality  is  very  good.  The 
only  fault  is  that  it  is  a  little  too  much  roasted. 
This,  of  course,  will  be  readily  improved  upon,  and 
there  seems  no  reason  whatever  against  Natal 
becoming  a  regular  Tea-growing  country.  Numerous 
samples  of  Tea  from  difl"erent  estates  are  exhibited, 
and  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  China  Tea  from  one 
estate — namely,  that  of  Mr.  Brickhill — was  obtained 
from  plants  introduced  from  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew, 
twen- y  years  ago. 

Fruits,  &c. 

Amongst  a  fine  collection  of  preserves  from  native 

fruits  those  exhibited  by  Messrs.   Jameson  &  Co.,  of 

Durban,  attract  most  attention,  though  from  the  fact 

of  their  being  in  sealed  tins  the  public  are  unable  to 


see  what  they  are  like,  still  hss  to  judge  of  their 
value.  Mention  may,  however,  be  made  of  three  of 
these  from  characteristic  tropical  fruits,  namely,  the 
"Amatungulu"  (Carissa  [Arduina]  grandiflora),  which 
is  of  a  dark  reddish  colour,  not  unhke  Plum  jam  in 
appearance,  but  with  a  less  decided  flavour.  The 
Papaw  (Carica  papaya),  about  the  medicinal  proper- 
ties of  which  so  much  has  been  written  of  late  ;  this 
produces  a  fine  soft  preserve  of  a  yellowish-green 
colour,  and  a  slightly  acid  taste.  The  Granadilla 
(Passiflora  maliformis)  has,  perhaps,  the  most  distinct 
and  agreeable  flavour  of  either,  having  a  slight  trace 
of  Pine-apple  ;  one  objection,  however,  is  the  presence 
of  the  very  numerous  black  seeds,  which  cannot 
readily  be  crunched  between  the  teeth,  nor  can  they 
readily  be  ejected,  inasmuch  as  the  pulp  clings  to 
them  with  great  tenacity.  It  is  interesting  to  see 
what  can  be  done  in  the  matter  of  preserve-making 
from  tropical  fruits  j  and  though  few,  if  any,  can 
ever  approach  the  best  known  English  fruits,  the 
foreign  produce  might  be  made  to  supplement  that  of 
our  own  country.  Though  it  may  not  be  practicable 
to  import  fresh  fruits  in  any  quantities  into  England 
from  distant  countries,  there  seems  to  be  a  field  for 
tropical  candied  fruits,  which  might  be  brought  in  tins 
or  jars,  as  well  as  for  whole  fruits  preserved  in  syrup, 
and  hermetically  sealed  in  a  similar  way. 

The  Natal  exhibits  of  vegetable  food  substances 
generally  are  very  interesting,  and  great  credit  is  due 
to  Mr.  Morton  Green  for  his  readiness  in  making  the 
exhibits  known,  and  assisting  by  the  help  of  samples 
to  develope  the  resources  of  the  colony.  John  R. 
Jackson,  Curator,  Museums,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 


^COTCH      ]^  OTEg. 


ERIC.\S,  &c.,  AT  MILLB.^NK,  EDINBURGH. 
MiLLBANK,  the  seat  of  W.  Syme,  Esq.,  situated 
on  the  outskirts  of  the  southwestern  suburbs  of 
Edinburgh,  is  a  place  of  much  interest  to  gardeners 
and  others  with  a  partiality  for  Heaths  and  other 
shrubby  greenhouse  plants.  Mr.  John  Patterson,  the 
gardener,  is  a  lover  of  the  classes  of  plants  alluded  to, 
now  rarely  seen,  and  has  earned  for  himself  a  high 
reputation  as  a  cultivator  of  them.  His  Ericas  are 
especially  good,  and  the  collection  is  rich  in  varieties 
that  are  seldom  met  with  in  good  condition.  On  the 
occasion  of  a  recent  visit  we  noted  fine  specimens  of 
E.  Marnockiana,  E.  retorta  major,  and  E.  Aitoni 
turgida  in  bloom.  The  plants  averaged  about  3  feet 
in  height  and  diameter,  and  were  perfect  in  every 
way,  and,  being  covered  with  bloom,  were  a  grand 
show  in  themselves.  Other  remarkable  specimens  in 
the  collection,  but  not  in  flower,  were  E.  Bothwell- 
iana  alba,  a  very  fine  plant  about  3  feet  by  3  feet 
6  inches  ;  E.  Paxtoniana,  about  the  same  dimensions. 
E.  Victoria,  E.  Lindleyana,  E.  profusa,  and  E.  Lowii 
are  rather  smaller  plants,  but  remarkably  well  grown, 
and  promise  to  rival  in  size  at  no  distant  date  the 
larger  specimens  above-named.  Of  newer  and  more 
rare  kinds  we  noted  the  following  :— E.  obbata,  E, 
Turnbulli,  and  E.  Fairreana,  in  very  healthy  half- 
specimens,  and  a  small  plant  of  the  very  rare  E. 
Lady  Mary,  raised  by  the  Ute  Mr.  Turnbull,  of 
Bothwell  Castle,  and  which  has,  we  think,  never 
passed  into  commerce,  though  he  regarded  it  as  the 
best  among  the  many  he  had  raised  during  his  long 
career. 

Azaleas  are  a  great  specially  with  Mr.  Patterson. 
Many  specimens  of  great  size  but  of  only  good  sorts 
are  grown  in  an  easy  and  natural  style,  yet  compact 
and  thoroughly  balanced  all  round.  All  are  splendidly 
set  with  bloom-buds,  giving  promise  of  a  rich  display 
of  flowers  over  many  months,  as  the  stock  is  grown 
in  batches  so  as  to  prolong  the  season  to  the  utmost. 
[If  our  correspondent  or  Mr.  Patterson  would  kindly 
furnish  a  paper  on  the  cultivation  of  ;he  Heaths  and 
other  hard-wood  plants,  as  practised  at  Millbank,  it 
would  doubtless  be  appreciated  by  our  younger  gar- 
deners. Ed.] 

Orchids  are  grown  to  a  limited  extent — a  few  only 
of  the  best  genera  and  species  being  attempted. 
Some  splendidly  flowered  pans  of  Pleione  lagenaria, 
and  a  few  Odontoglossum  Alexandroe  were  the  only 
sorts  in  bloom.  Amongst  the  latter  was  a  very  dis- 
tinct form,  with  pure  white  flowers,  having  a  few 
lasge  rose-coloured  spots  on  the  sepals  and  petals. 

GrifHnia  hyacinthina  was  well  bloomed  in  one  of 
the  stoves.     This  charming  Amaryllid  should  be  more 


556 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  1886, 


widely  known  than  it  is ;  Sowering  as  it  does  at  this 
season  when  flowering  plants  in  the  stove  are  by  no 
means  plentiful,  it  is  most  useful,  and  the  bright  blue- 
white  shaded  Sowers  are  most  attractive. 

Messrs.  Laird  &  Sons'  West  Coates  Nursery, 
Edinburgh, 

We  were  very  pleased  to  observe  plants  of  some  of 
the  newer  Ferns  in  the  above  nursery  the  other  day. 
Amongst  these  Davallia  tenuifolia  Veitchiana  is 
undoubtedly  a  gem ;  the  gracefully  arching  fronds  and 
delicate  lace. like  pinnules  mark  it  as  one  of  the  most 
elegant  and  pleasing  of  Ferns.  Nephrolepis  Bausei  is 
perhaps  the  most  distinct  and  pleasing  form  of  this 
popular  genus  of  Ferns.  It  is  of  dwarf  habit,  and  the 
pinna?  are  deeply  cut  or  pinnatifld,  the  points  of  the 
segments  being  finely  tapered  and  more  or  less 
refiexed,  giving  a  peculiar  and  charming  distinctive- 
ness to  the  plant.  Davallia  retusa  appears  to  be  a 
very  free-growing  species,  and  is  certainly  one  of  the 
most  characteristic  and  elegant  of  its  class.  The  very 
openly  tripinnate  fronds  exhibit  the  pretty  red  colour- 
ing of  the  stipes  well  in  contrast  with  the  light  green 
of  the  comparatively  large  pinnules.  The  latter 
are  of  peculiar  form,  being  very  distinctly  tri- 
angular, or  more  frequently  rhomboidal.  Gymno- 
gramma  schizophylla  gloriosa  is  one  of  the  most 
elegant  of  Ferns,  and  is  very  distinct  from  any  of  the 
varieties  of  the  type.  It  is  dwarf,  compact,  and  even 
dense,  yet  extremely  graceful  in  habit,  a  matchless 
basket  Fern.  Adiantum  cuneatum  elegans,  if  there 
are  no  spurious  forms  of  this  highly-rated  variety 
in  circulation,  we  must  say  we  are  disappointed  with 
it.  The  specimens  at  West  Coates  Nursery  differ  from 
the  ordinary  forms  of  the  type  only  in  being  more 
loose  or  leggy,  imparting  rather  a  tangled  than  an 
elegant  aspect  to  the  plants.  A.  monochlamys,  a  very 
pretty  dwarf  growing  Maidenhair,  with  subglaucous 
pinnules  very  closely  set  on  the  fronds.  It  is  a  green- 
houre  species. 

Vallota  purpurea  magnitica  is  a  brighter  and  better 
thing  than  the  old  well  known  type.  The  flowers  are 
larger,  the  perianth  segments  more  full  and  rounded, 
giving  the  individual  flowers  a  more  symmetrical 
outline.  The  colour  is  soft  vermilion  and  lacks  the 
purplish  tinge  that  suffuses  the  flowers  of  the  ordinary 
form,  and  the  throat  or  tube  of  the  perianth  is  striped 
with  pure  white.  A'. 


DENDROBIUM   PHAL/ENOPSIS. 

This  (fig.  no)  is  one  of  the  showiest  of  the  East 
Asian  species  of  Dendrobiums,  and  is  allied  to  the  D. 
bigibbum  section.  The  stems  are  slender  and  erect, 
about  I J  foot  in  height,  and  bear  near  the  top  eight 
or  ten  lanceolate  leaves.  The  racemes,  which  are 
terminal,  on  erect  peduncles,  10  inches  long,  carry 
about  fifteen  flowers  from  2  to  2|  inches  across.  The 
sepals  are  oblong  ovate,  magenta  with  a  whitish 
centre,  the  spur  deep  purple  ;  the  petals  are  rhomboid 
obovate,  of  a  warm  magenta-purple,  the  lower  half 
paler  in  the  centre  ;  the  lip  is  of  an  intensely  rich 
rosy-purple,  an  inch  long,  acute,  with  the  broad  late- 
ral lobes  meeting  over  the  column,  its  base  forming  at 
the  hinge  a  second  spur  and  the  front  lobe  deflexed, 
magenta  with  maroon-crimson  veins  ;  the  throat  of 
the  same  colour  ;  the  veins  of  the  throat  are  thickened 
and  covered  with  dark  papillse.     It  flowers  in  April. 


HOW  TO  PLANT  ROSES. 
November  is  the  month  in  which  this  operation  is 
best  performed,  but  the  best  way  to  perform  the 
operation  is  not  well  known  by  some  Rose  amateurs. 
Everybody  desires  to  plant  Roses  in  his  garden  ; 
they  are  planted  in  the  full  expectation  of  a  splendid 
blooming  season ;  but  those  expectations  are  not 
so  fully  realised  as  they  might  be,  if  careful  prepara- 
tions had  first  been  made.  It  is  not  sufficient  merely 
to  dig  a  hole  large  enough  to  contain  the  roots,  and 
to  fill  in  the  soil  again,  however  carefully  it  may  be 
done.  Good  manure  is  necessary,  and  it  must  be 
applied  in  the  right  way.  Pig  manure  is  good,  but  I 
have  always  used  for  Roses  stable  and  cow  manure  in 
about  equal  proportions,  and  find  they  do  remarkably 
well  with  it.     Recently  we  have  tried  peat  manure 


from  the  stables.  If  care  be  taken  not  to  use  it  too 
freely  it  seems  to  be  a  powerful  manure,  giving  the 
dark  Roses  a  good  colour.  Trench  the  ground  2  feet 
deep  if  possible,  and  place  two  layers  of  manure  in 
during  the  operation,  one  at  the  bottom  of  the  trench, 
and  the  other  9  inches  below  the  surface.  Those  who 
have  to  deal  with  light  sandy  soils  may  plant  in  wet 
weather  almost  as  soon  as  it  has  ceased  to  rain.  In 
medium  clay,  or  clay  soils,  the  case  is  quite  different. 
It  is  necessary  to  wait  until  the  ground  is  comparatively 
dry,  because  disturbing  it  in  wet  weather  may  bring 
it  into  a  state  of  hardness  most  unfavourable  to  the 
healthy  growth  of  the  Rose  plant.  Carelessness  in  plant- 
ing, or  in  not  choosing  a  favourable  opportunity,  may 
be  a  cause  of  failure  more  annoying  to  the  cultivator, 
because  it  might  have  been  avoided  by  a  little  patient 
waiting.  The  ground  is  not  in  a  good  state  for  plant- 
ing if  it  sticks  to  the  boots  or  spade.  Before  plant- 
ing examine  the  roots,  and  cut  out  the  suckers  quite 
close  to  the  stem.  If  not  cut  quite  back,  fresh  eyes 
will  start,  and  the  last  slate  of  that  plant  will  be  worse 
than  the  first.  Cut  back  any  very  long  roots,  also 
any  bruised  portions.  We  dig  out  the  hole  large 
enough  to  hold  all  the  roots  spread  out  straight,  and 
we  never  plant  a  Rose  without  placing  some  good 
moderately  dry  compost,  prepared  in  the  potting  shed, 
amongst  the  roots.  Turfy  loam,  with  a  third  part 
of    decayed    manure,    answers  well.      All  standard 


budded  Roses  sometimes  become  an  intolerable 
nuisance,  owing  to  their  tendency  to  produce  suckers. 
In  the  hands  of  the  inexperienced  a  choice  hybrid 
perpetual  Rose  will  become  in  time  a  vigorous  bush 
of  the  Manetti,  from  which  all  trace  of  the  Rose  itself 
has  departed.  Hybrid  perpetuals  and  Tea  Roses 
should  be  grown  on  their  own  roots — at  least,  all  the 
vigorous  kinds. 

Rose  Cuttings. 
They  are  easily  enough  propagated  from  cuttings 
taken  off  in  August  or  September,  and  the  cuttings 
planted  in  a  shady  place  under  a  close  hand-glass — 
they  form  roots  before  the  winter.  Tea  Roses  may  be 
successfully  treated  in  this  way.  If  cuttings  were  put 
in  during  the  month  of  August,  they  would  now 
be  ready  to  be  potted  singly  in  3J  or  4  inch  pots. 
They  could  be  grown  on  during  the  winter  in  cold 
frames,  and  be  planted  in  the  open  ground  in  April. 
A  quantity  of  such  plants  put  out  in  rich  soil  would 
produce  a  plentiful  supply  of  Roses  and  Rose-buds 
all  through  the  summer  and  autumn. 

DrainajGE. 
One  thing  more  must  also  be   mentioned  in  refer- 
ence to  planting,  and  that  is  drainage.     Dig  a  hole 
2  feet  deep   during  the  winter  in  wet  weather;   if 
drainage  is  insufiicient,  water  will  stand  in  the  hole. 


Fig,  no. — dendrobium  phal,«nopsis. 


Roses  should  have  a  stick  placed  to  them  at  the  time 
of  planting.  In  November  it  is  bad  management  to 
have  to  tread  on  the  ground  oftener  than  is  abso- 
lutely necessary.  One  successful  cultivator  would 
never  tread  in  the  soil  round  the  roots  in  November ; 
he  preferred  to  let  it  settle  gradually.  I  think  he 
was  right.  Place  over  the  surface  of  the  ground 
round  the  base  of  the  plants  some  decayed  manure, 
and  the  operation  of  planting  is  completed. 

Stocks  or  Own  Roots  ? 
The  question  as  to  what  is  the  best  stock,  or 
whether  the  best  is  not  their  own  rootstock,  is  one 
on  which  opinions  are  still  very  much  divided.  It 
would  have  been  settled  long  ago  if  each  system  of 
culture  did  not  possess  sufficient  merits  of  its  own  to 
sufficiently  recommend  it  for  general  adoption. 
Standard  Roses,  of  course,  are  budded  on  the  Dog 
Rose.  The  stocks  are  planted  in  November  or 
December  ;  strong  shoots  will  be  produced  in  the 
spring  near  the  top  of  the  stem,  and  close  to  the  base 
of  these  the  buds  are  inserted  in  July.  The  seedling 
Brier  answers  remarkably  well  either  for  hybrid 
perpetuals  or  Tea  Roses.  Hybrid  perpetuals  are  also 
budded  in  July  or  spring  grafted  on  the  Manetti.  In 
Mr.  W.  Paul's  nursery  at  Waltham  Cross  I  saw  during 
the  summer  quantities  of  Tea-scented  Roses  which 
had  been  worked  on  the  Rose  de  la  Grifferaie.  Mr. 
Paul  also  showed  me  a  large  quarter  of  Roses  on  their 
own  roots ;  and  he  says  the  demand  for  these 
is   increasing.      One    cannot    wonder    at    this,    for 


I  had  to  do  with  a  good  garden  of  clay  soil, 
which  I  was  told  had  been  well-drained  some 
twenty  years  previously,  and  that  it  was  all  right. 
The  ground  was  prepared  for  Rose  beds  in  the  autumn 
without  taking  any  further  notice  of  the  drainage,  but 
I  found  on  digging  out  round  holes  3  feet  wide  and 
z  feet  deep  for  Coniferous  trees,  if  they  were  open 
twelve  hours  a  few  inches  of  water  stood  in  the  bottom 
of  some  of  them,  and  in  order  to  be  secure  the  whole 
garden  was  drained.  Tea  and  other  Roses  have  done 
splendidly,  but  success  could  not  have  been  expected 
if  their  roots  had  been  in  water  for  a  portion  of 
the  year.  On  the  recommendation  of  Mr.  Geo. 
Paul  I  planted  four  years  ago  in  November  a 
raised  bed  with  Tea  Roses.  The  bed  was  raised 
about  a  foot  higher  than  the  surrounding  lawn,  its 
sides  were  sloping,  and  they  were  neatly  turfed  over. 
The  Rose  beds  are,  I  think,  even  more  effective  made 
in  this  way,  and  the  chances  of  their  being  injured  by 
wet  areconsiderably  reduced.  Those  who  have  had 
to  do  only  with  light  soils  over  a  gravel  subsoil  have 
no  idea  how  difficult  and  unpleasant  it  is  to  deal 
during  wet  weather  in  winter  with  heavy  clay  soils 
unless  they  are  well  drained.  No  wonder  that  rows 
of  standard  Roses  neatly  planted  on  each  side  of  the 
walk  do  not  succeed.  Examine  the  roots.  They  are 
in  a  puddle  of  water.  Lime  rubbish  or  other  loose 
material  put  into  such  holes  drain  the  water  into  the 
roots,  not  away  from  them.  It  is  useless  trying  to 
grow  Roses  or  anything  else  in  heavy  undrained  soil. 
The  effect  of  a  few  3feet  deep  drains  and  2-inch  pipes 


October  30,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


557 


laid  in  the  bottom  with  a  good  outlet  for  the  water,  is 
astonishing. 

Pot  Roses. 

The  plants  intended  to  flower  in  March  should  be 
pruned  now.  Before  doing  so  let  the  soil  in  the  pots 
be  comparatively  dry.  This  prevents  any  of  the  sap 
from  exuding  at  the  cut  places.  Do  not  give  any 
water  for  a  month  unless  the  soil  should  become 
dusty  dry,  which  is  undesirable.  I  have  previously 
stated  that  August  is  a  suitable  month  in  which  to 
pot  them,  and  if  that  was  done  they  will  require  no 
further  attention  until  they  are  placed  into  any  glass- 
house in  December.  We  have  no  better  place  for 
ours  than  an  early  vinery ;  and  a  very  good  place 
it  is. 

They  require  exactly  the  same  treatment  as  the 
Vines — a  rather  moist  atmosphere  and  a  temperature  of 
45°  at  night ;  this  is  Itept  up  for  two  weeks,  when  it 
is  raised  two  or  three  degrees,  to  be  gradually  in- 
creased to  55°.  Usually  the  Roses  start  earlier  than 
the  Vines.  They  have  a  much  better  chance,  as  the 
pots  containing  them  are  either  placed  on  a  bed  of 
fermenting  material  in  the  house  or  over  the  hot- 
water  pipes.  We  have  Tea  Roses  flowering  nicely  in 
pots  now.  The  plants  made  good  growth  and  formed 
their  flower-buds  since  they  were  repotted  in  August. 
But  that  is  no  great  feat,  considering  that  to-day 
(October  23)  we  have  been  cutting  good  Tea  and 
other  Roses  on  our  raised  beds  out-of-doors.  Now 
that  cold  and  wet  weather  has  set  in  with  little  sun- 
shine, the  outer  petals  decay  on  the  buds,  and 
prevent  the  perfect  expansion  of  the  flowers.  Were 
it  not  for  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  we  should 
have  quite  as  good  a  display  of  Tea  Roses  on  our 
plants  out-ol-doors  now  as  we  had  during  the  height 
of  the  blooming  season.  Some  of  the  plants  have 
scores  of  buds  on  them  ready  for  expansion.  The 
hybrid  perpetuals  are  not  to  be  named  beside  them 
for  profusion  of  bloom.  J.  Douglas, 


Fig.  hi.— capparis  spinosa  :  the  caper  piant. 


CAPPARIS    SPINOSA. 

This  ornamental,  as  well  as  interesting  plant,  is 
now  flowering  freely  in  the  Cambridge  Botanic 
Garden,  whence  specimens  were  forwarded  for  the 
accompanying  illustration  (fig.  III).  Though  well 
known  and  occasionally  seen  in  flower  years  ago,  it 
has  latterly  had  but  little  attention.  The  flowers, 
however,  as  [may  be  imagined,  are  very  beautiful, 
being  about  3  inches  across,  with  large  pure  white 
petals  and  numerous  loose  stamens,  of  which  the  fila- 
ments are  long  and  conspicuous,  white  below  and 
rich  purple  above.  The  sweet  perfume,  too,  adds 
not  a  little  to  the  attractiveness.  This  specimen, 
though  quite  young,  covers  an  area  of  about  3  square 
feet,  and  the  best  shoots  of  this  year  are  3  feet  long, 
each  leaf  towards  the  extremities  and  for  some  distance 
back  bearing  a  bud.  It  was  planted,  when  quite  small, 
about  two  years  ago,  when  Mr.  Ewbank  drew 
attention  to  the  loveliness  of  the  flowers. 

I  then  gave  some  hints  as  to  management,  and 
havmg  no  flowering  specimen,  commenced  here  the 
same  treatment  with  the  result  as  above  mentioned, 
A  considerable  number  of  flowers  have  been  produced 
this  year,  and  they  will  continue  to  open,  no  doubt, 
so  long  as  weather  permits.  The  specimen  is  growing 
at  the  foot  of  the  south  wall,  where  it  was  planted  on 
a  low  mound  of  broken  bricks  and  good  soil.  A 
woodwork  arrangement  was  made  to  carry  a  light  for 
winter  protection  ;  it  scarcely  amounts  to  a  frame,  as 
plenty  of  air  is  always  required,  and  for  this  reason 
the  light  is  tilted  up  in  front  almost  at  all  times  when 
in  use.  It  could  however,  be  closed  in  if  the  weather 
were  very  severe,  but  the  plant  may  be  considered 
hardy  against  a  wall,  further  protection  being  required 
rather  on  account  of  wet  than  cold.  The  side  shelter 
from  cold  winds  is  no  doubt  advantageous.  The 
light  remains  on  through  the  spring  and  until  summer 
has  fairly  set  in,  as  any  roasting  the  plant  may  get 
before  then  is  likely  to  be  rather  beneficial  than 
otherwise.  It  will  go  on  again  as  soon  as  protection 
from  heavy  rain  is  necessary  in  order  to  keep  the  plant 
dry  to  encourage  the  ripening  of  the  wood.  The 
Caper  grows  easily  from  seed,  and  cuttings  taken  from 
pot  plants  will  strike,  but  it  would  perhaps  be  useless 
to  put  in  cuttings  from  a  plant  growing  freely  in  the 
open  ground. 

It  is  rather  a  curious  fact  that  this  plant  culti- 
vated in  a  pot  with  all  due  care  scarcely  grows  at 
all,  while  planted  out  under  favourable  conditions  it 
grows  vigorously.  R.  Invin  Lynch. 


S5B 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  jo,  1886. 


|pr(I|id  ][oles  and  ikaninp. 


PHAL/ENOPSIS  VIOLACEA. 
This  handsome  autumn-flowering  Orchid  seems  to 
be  one  of  the  most  varied  in  the  genus  as  to  the  range 
of  coloration,  three  forms  having  just  been  placed 
in  my  hands,  no  two  of  which  were  nearly  alil<e. 
First  a  fine  flower  of  the  variety  chioracea  came 
from  Mr.  Burbidge,  then  the  variety  Schrcedcriana, 
from  a  plant  which  flowered  at  Kew';  and  lastly,  a 
form  which  hardly  fits  the  characters  of  any  of  the 
published  forms,  being  somewhat  intermediate  between 
the  latter  and  those  varieties  with  light  yellow  sepals. 
The  fact  is  that  with  such  a  variable  species  varieties 
might  be  multiplied  to  an  almost  unlimited  extent, 
with  a  good  series  of  plants  under  observation.  The 
differences,  however,  are  often  merely  those  of  indi- 
viduals. The  variety  chioracea  seems  to  me  the 
most  striking  and  eftective  of  all,  the  pure  white 
segments,  faintly  tipped  wiih  pale  green,  and  the 
intense  violet  blotch  on  the  inner  half  of  the  lateral 
sepals,  forming  a  charming  contrast.  R.  A.  Rolfe, 

ANGR/^CUM  caudatum. 
While  forming  a  companion  plant  to  A.  Kotschyi, 
of  more  recent  introduction,  this  is  abundantly  dis- 
tinct, notwithstanding  its  first-sight  resemblance. 
Their  similarity  is  all  the  more  striking  seeing  that 
they  are  geographically  so  widely  separated,  A. 
candidum  being  a  native  of  Sierra  Leone,  while  the 
other  was  introduced  from  Zanzibar,  on  the  other  side 
of  the  continent.  A  close  comparison  of  the  two, 
however,  shows  that  they  are  widely  distinct,  and 
most  resemble  each  other  in  the  enormous  length  of 
the  spur  which  is  more  or  less  distinctly  twisted  in 
both  cases.  A.  Kotschyi  is  most  marked  in  this 
respect,  but  individuals  of  A.  caudatum  vary.  A 
plant  in  the  East  Indian  house  at  Kew  exhibits  an 
open  spiral  twist  of  one  turn,  while  the  figure  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  t.  4370,  shows  an  irregular  and 
but  ill-defined  twisting,  as  did  the  plant  exhibited  at 
Kensington  Oct.  II.  The  figure  in  the  Botanical 
Register,  t.  1844,  has  a  straight  spur  or  almost  so. 
A.  caudatum  is  further  characterised  by  a  remarkable 
twist  of  the  pedicel  which  it  has  in  common  with  A. 
ebutneum,  which  has  the  effect  of  making  the  flower 
lie  on  its  back  with  the  labellum  uppermost.  A.  Kot- 
schyi does  not  appear  to  possess  this,  but  has  the 
labellum  anterior,  with  yellowish- white  fragrant 
flowers  and  very  broad  leaves,  whereas,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  leaves  of  A.  caudatum  do  not  exceed  an 
inch  in  width,  and  the  acuminate  sepals  and  petals, 
together  with  the  spur,  are  of  a  peculiar  pale  olive- 
brown.  The  labellum  is  pure  white,  suddenly  and  re- 
markably prolonged  at  the  apex  into  a  subulate  green- 
ish point.  In  all  these  characters  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  two  species  are  remarkably  dislinct,  and  in  no  way 
to  be  confused  one  with  another  nothwithstanding 
the  similarity  in  the  spurs.  J.  F. 

Cyrtopera  Regnieri. 
The  Onhidophile  for  October  has  a  coloured  plate 
of  this  Cochin  Chinese  Orchid,  introduced  by  Mj 
Alexander  Regnier,  The  flowers  are  produced  at 
the  same  lime  as  the  lanceolate  plicate  leaves,  and 
are  borne  on  a  raceme  springing  from  the  base  of  the 
stem.  The  individual  flowers  are  about  2  inches 
across.  The  segments  are  oblong-lanceolate,  pale 
primrose,  the  lip  3-lobed,  the  side  lobes  erect,  the 
ftont  lobe  longest,  white,  with  a  yellow  blotch. 


LIPARIS    ELEGANS. 

A  PLANT  which  has  probably  never  been  seen  alive 
before  in  this  country,  and  which  up  to  the  present 
moment  is  all  confusion  in  the  books,  may  now  be 
seen  flowering  at  Kew.  Elegant  it  certainly  is,  but 
not  very  striking,  a  character  possessed  in  common 
with  the  bulk  of  the  genus.  The  flowers  are  numerous 
and  borne  in  erect  racemes,  the  colour  being  pale 
greenish-white  with  a  deep  reddish-orange  lip.  It 
was  sent  from  Penang,  by  Mr.  Curtis.  The  genus 
has  recently  been  monographed  by  Mr.  Ridley, 
of  the  British  Museum,  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Linnean  Society.  It  is  there  correctly  pointed  out 
that  L.  elegans,  Lindl.,  is  a  mixture,  though  the 
material  was  not  sufficient  to  clear  the  matter  up. 


Curtis'  plant  has  now  solved  the  difficulty.  Lindley's 
type  sheet  consists  of  one  piece  of  the  true  plant  (the 
only  good  flower  being  admirably  drawn  on  the 
sheet),  a  flowering  pieoa  of  L.  longipes,  Lindl., 
and  several  fruits  of  a  third  species.  The 
description  is  compounded  of  the  three,  but  as 
that  of  the  flower,  on  which  Lindley  relied  for 
its  distinctness,  is  taken  from  this  species,  his 
name  may  be  retained,  with  the  character 
amended.  Lindley's  plant  was  sent  from  Penang  by 
General  Porter.  Maingay,  who  also  collected  the 
plant,  has  written  on  his  ticket,  "  Found  growing  on 
stones  near  the  waterfall,  Penang  ;  "  and,  as  recorded 
above,  our  present  pl.int  is  from  the  same  spot.  The 
following  description  is  taken  from  the  living  plant  : 
— Paeudobulbs  ovate,  somewhat  compressed,  with 
one  to  three  leaves.  Leaves  lanceolate-linear,  acute, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  3  —  8  inches  long.  Scape  erect, 
I  —  ij  foot  high,  terete;  racemes  6  —  10  inches  long. 
Flowers  numerous,  about  six  to  the  inch  when 
expanded.  Bracts  subulate,  acute,  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
long.  Sepals  and  petals  pale  whitish-green,  subobtuse, 
one-eighth  of  an  inch  long,  the  former  linear-oblong, 
the  latter  narrowly  linear.  Lip  deep  reddish-orange, 
cuneate-oblong,  retuse,  and  minutely  denticulate 
above,  one-sixth  inch  long.  Column  slender,  with  a 
pair  of  minute  wings  above.  Fruit  erect,  pyriform, 
with  six  distinct  ribs,  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  The 
fruits  on  Lindley's  type  sheet  are  pendulous,  and 
more  than  twice  as  large,  but  I  do  not  know  what  it 
can  belong  to.  The  plant  belongs  to  the  section  Corii- 
foliae,  and  to  the  group  Densiflorre.  It  may  stand 
next  to  L.  vestita,  Rchb.  f.,  the  one  other  species  of 
this  group  with  a  retuse  apex  to  the  lip.  R.  A.  Rol/e. 


TRESCO. 

Tresco  is  not  so  rich  in  native  flora  as  the  two 
larger  islands,  St.  Mary's  and  St.  Martin's,  but  it 
contains  naturalised  plants,  e.g.,  Mesembryanthemum 
edule,  in  greater  numbers.  Among  the  common  wild 
flowers  are  the  Horned  Poppy,  Sea  Holly,  Tree 
Mallow,  Euphorbia  paralias  ;  Lavatera  sylvestris  and 
Acanthus  mollis  have  also  been  found.  Curious 
enough,  the  Nile  Lily  might  perhaps  be  put  down  as 
a  garden  escape.  Agave  americana  and  the  New 
Zealand  Veronicas  are  to  be  seen  in  most  of  the 
cottagers'  gardens.  The  cultivated  fields  are  divided 
from  each  other  by  hedges  of  Tamarisk,  "  vastly 
pretty "  in  its  flowering  stage,  and  Escallonia 
macrantha;  Myoporum  laetum  has  been  employed  as  a 
hedge  plant  with  great  success.  In  a  former  number  I 
mentioned  the  somewhat  curious  fact  of  the  Ling  and 
Gorse  being  about  the  same  height  in  a  very  wind- 
swept part.  The  blaze  of  colour  when  both  are  in 
flower  together,  as  they  are  throughout  August,  is 
equal  to  that  of  any  mainland  ribbon  border. 

In  the  Abbey  gardens  there  is  always  something 
fresh  to  interest,  no  matter  how  often  one  may  tread 
its  beloved  alleys  and  ciU  de-sacs.  An  Agave  ameri- 
cana, the  flower-scape  of  which  was  only  beginning 
to  burst  from  durance  vilest  (at  least,  mortals  would 
call  twenty  years  captivity  so)  on  Whit  Sunday,  is 
now  27  feet  high,  and  will  probably  grow  yet  another 
3  feet.  The  horizontal  floT-er-stalks  number  over 
forty.  As  Whit  Sunday  was  the  13th  of  June,  and 
we  measured  the  scape  on  September  11,  it  must 
have  been  growing  at  the  rate  of  2  feet  per  week. 
Dasylirion  acrotrichum  has  not  flowered  here  as  yet, 
though  this  desirable  result  cannot  be  far  off  if  the 
size  of  the  plants  be  any  index.  Puya  chilensis  and 
Fourcroya  longasva  can  be  seen  in  flower  every  year. 

Flowering  plants  are  scattered  about  in  a  charmingly 
ingenuous  manner.  Mr.  Vallance  must  be  a  "pawky 
chiel  "  to  have  at  his  command  so  many  surprises. 
His  taste  in  bedding-out  is  technic  enough  when  he 
chooses,  however,  e.g.,  the  Dracaena  flower  garden, 
and  his  bed  of  Portulaccas  with  a  procumbent 
Erythrina  crista-galli  in  the  centre  thereof.  What  is 
called  the  Hop-circle  could  be  copied  in  other  gardens 
to  their  gain.  It  consists  of  concentric  circles  of 
Bay,  Hops,  and  Fuchsias,  one  of  each  in  the  order 
named.  The  Hops  are  trained  in  festoons  along  iron 
and  wire-work.  The  Fuchsia  hedge  is  about  3  feet 
high,  very  dense,  and  covered  with  bloom.  A 
path  divides  the  circle  into  semicircles.  On  the 
one  side  the  vacant  spaces  are  filled  with  Dahlias, 
which  in  Scilly  are  left  out  through  the  year  ;  on 
the  other  are  divers  flowering  plants  and  a  fine 
Aralia  papyrifera,  which  a  tall  Dahlia  imperialis 
huddles  close  up  to,  much  to  the  satisfaction  of  both, 
apparently.     Only  those  who  know  the  Hop  as  a 


trailing  plant,  and  the  beauty  of  the  old-time  species 
of  Fuchsia  could  cordially  realise  any  word  painting 
that  would  adequately  llran  this  fair  garden  within  a 
garden.  The  rockwork,  on  which  the  Abbey  stands, 
is  brightest  when  the  Crassulas  and  Pelargoniums  are 
in  their  heyday.  Still,  there  is  always  something  in 
bloom  every  month.  The  most  attractive  plant  now, 
perhaps  (September),  is  Arctotis  grandiflora  ;  this  is 
the  Arctotis  Mr.  Ilarpur-Crewe  was  so  fond  of,  and 
tried  to  induce  others  to  grow.  An  unusual  form  of 
vegetation  is  to  be  seen  growing  amongst  the  rocks  in 
the  shape  of  the  Equisetum-like  foliage  of  a  rather 
tall  Casuarina.  Close  by  this  Casuarina  is  a  Dracrena 
Draco,  decidedly  dwarf  for  his  years.  The  Eucalypti 
grow  well  enough  in  Scilly,  but  when  they  get  above 
protection  immediately  become  wind-scorched.  A 
large  tree  has  been,  unfortunately,  almost  killed  by 
exposing  it  to  the  winds.  In  Portugal  Eucalypti  are 
planted  as  screens  against  the  winds  from  sea- 
ward, but  the  young  plants  and  saplings  there 
are  reared  in  exposed  places,  and  hardly  ever 
staked,  as  any  friction  is  highly  detrimental  to 
them.  The  same  fate  that  fell  upon  the  great 
EuclaypI,  which  Biddely's  Thorough  Guide  menda- 
ciously stales  to  be  the  second  tallest  in  Europe,  also 
awaited  an  ambitious  Araucaria  Bidwilli;  the  head- 
less tree  is  now  enclosed  in  a  rough  casing  of  tubular 
form,  over  which  Miihlenbeckia  complexa  has  spread 
in  a  rampant  fashion.  This  climber  is  the  most 
luxuriant  of  all  the  alien  weeds  that  have  obtained  a 
fooling  in  these  gardens.  Our  illustration,  fig.  112, 
shows  how  well  the  Tree  Ferns,  Dicksonia,  thrive  in 
this  garden  when  protected  from  the  fierce  wind, 
Vagahondo. 


7reE3 


AND 


^Hf^UB3. 


SPlR.tA  THUNBERGII. 
The  usual  flowering  time  of  this  graceful  shrub  is 
spring,  when  the  plant  is  leafless.  Where  planted  in 
the  background  on  the  rockery  at  Kew  it  flowers 
annually  and  profusely,  but  the  same  plant  flowering  in 
the  second  week  of  October,  while  the  leaves  are  still 
fresh  and  green,  seems  a  rather  unusual  phenomenon. 
The  fascicles  of  flowers  are  by  no  means  numerous, 
but  their  presence  is  sufficiently  significant  to  be 
noted.  The  be.auty  of  the  plant  would  be  greatly 
enhanced  if  the  foliage  accompanied  the  flowers  in 
spring,  but  the  naked  or  leafless  character  of  the 
plant  at  that  season  seems  to  be  constant  in  its  native 
habitats,  judging  from  the  Flora  Japonica,  \.,  69, 
where  an  uncoloured  figure  is  given,  consisting  of  a 
leafy  flowerless  branch,  and  a  flowering  leafless  one. 
It  is  widely  distributed  throughout  Japan,  in  the 
valleys,  and  on  the  slopes  of  mountains  and  rocks, 
The  native  name,  Juki  Janagi,  signifies  white  Willow 
— a  comparison  by  no  means  inappropriate,  owing  to 
the  slender,  twiggy,  and  Willow-like  habit  of  the 
plant.  No  record  seems  to  have  been  made  of  its 
introduction  to  Britain  in  gardening  books.  I  have 
known  it  for  ten  or  twelve  years.  J.  F. 

Cedars  of  Lebanon  Ripening  Seed. 
We  have  several  large  Cedar  trees  here,  which 
have  this  season  ripened  seed  in  quantity,  The  cones 
burst  early  in  April,  and  the  seeds  are  scattered  about 
in  all  directions,  A  great  many  of  them,  alter  laying 
on  the  turf  a  few  days,  I  found  to  have  pushed  forth  a 
shoot,  over  an  inch  long,  in  search  of  earth.  I 
picked  up  several,  and  had  them  potted  in  3-inch 
pots,  and  have  now  twenty  nice  Utile  plants,  some  of 
them  5  inches  high.  H.  Markhan,  Mereworth 
Castle,  Maidstone. 


"pOREgTF^Y, 


NOTES  FROM  THE  COLONIAL  EXHIBITION. 
To  the  British  forester  the  Canadian  court  is  of 
particular  interest,  not  only  from  the  number  of  woods 
exhibited  that  have  been  found  valuable  as  timber 
producers,  and  perfectly  well  suited  for  culture  in  this 
country,  but  as  demonstrating  in  a  practical  manner 
many  of  the  uses  to  which  they  are  applied.  Amongst 
these  we  took  particular  note  of  Thuia  gigantea — 
indeed,  we  were  delighted  to  see  the  timber  of  a  tree 
that  we  have  so  often  recommended  for  extensive 
planting  in  this  country  so  clean,  firm,  and  easily 
worked.  A  large  specimen  of  some  21  feet  in  girth 
was  exhibited,  this  being  taken  from  a  tree  250  feet 


October  30,  1886.] 


777^     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


559 


high,  as  well  as  numerous  boards  and  polished  sec- 
tions of  the  same  wood.  Professor  Macoun,  of 
Ottawa,  tells  me  that  this  specimen  may  be  con- 
sidered as  about  the  largest,  but  that  the  average 
dimensions  reached  by  this  stately  fast  growing  tree 
ate  but  little  less.  The  larger  trees,  he  likewise  stated, 
were  apt  to  be  hollow,  and  that  not  unfrequently  several 
stems  issued  from  the  same  root,  and  that  along 
the  outskirts  of  the  forests  it  was  no  uncommon 
thing  to  find  the  tips  of  such  branches  as  came  in 
contact  with  the  ground  taking  root  and  throwing  up 
stout  stems  much  in  the  same  way  as  the  common 
Spruce  does  in  this  country.  Rather  damp,  alluvial 
deposit  suits  this  tree  best  ;  indeed,  the  Professor  told 
me  that  it  was  almost  unknown  in  the  dry  central 
plateau,  but  plentiful  along  the  coast  and  lower  parts 
of  the  rivers.  As  a  substitute  for  the  Larch  in  this 
country  Thuia  giganlea  is  fast  coming  to  the  front,  it 
being  of  the  easiest  culture,  extremely  hardy,  not  at 
all  liable  to  lose  its  leader  even  during  the  most 
severe  storms,  and  a  rapid  timber  producer.  Here 
we  have  planted  it  very  extensively,  and  with  the  best 
possible  results. 

Pinus  Strobus,  of  which  a  large  plank  is  exhibited, 
is  considered  the  most  valuable  in  a  commercial 
sense  of  any  of  the  Canadian  Pines.  The  wood  as 
shown  here  is  remarkably  clean  and  free  from  knots, 
light  in  proportion  to  its  bulk,  easily  worked,  and  takes 
a  fine  polish.  It  is  likewise  remarkably  durable,  not  at 
all  apt  to  become  twisted  or  bent,  and  is  said  to  be  more 
readily  stained  and  to  take  paint  better  than  almost 
any  other  wood  in  the  section  to  which  it  belongs. 

Here  then  we  have  in  one  o(  the  most  valuable 
timber  producing  trees  of  North  America,  a  Pine  that 
is  well  adapted  lor  culture  in  this  country,  a  statement 
that  is  readily  enough  substantiated  by  the  great  size 
to  which  the  tree  has  attained  in  various  parts  of 
our  country.  At  Gwydyr  Castle  I  not  long  ago 
measured  one  of  several  specimens  that  were  growing 
in  a  rocky  woodland  and  in  by  no  means  the  best  of 
soil,  and  found  the  girth  at  breast-high  to  be  9  feet 
5  inches.  None  of  the  trees  were  less  than  80  feet  in 
height,  with  clean,  perfectly  straight  stems,  which 
were  destitute  of  branches  for  nearly  half  their  length. 
Various  other  examples  of  fast  growth  in  this  Pine 
might  be  adduced,  which  shows  clearly  that  it  is  per- 
fectly well  adapted  for  culture  in  our  soil  and  clime, 
and  which,  coupled  with  the  fact  of  its  being  such  a 
valuable  timber  producer,  should  be  a  warning  to  in- 
tending planters  not  to  pass  over  so  promising  a  tree 
in  making  their  selections.  Of  Abies  Menziesii — 
another  tree  that  is  quite  at  home  in  our 
island — there  is  a  plank  of  huge  size,  it  being 
fully  20  feet  long,  3!;  feet  broad,  and  6  inches 
thick.  The  wood  seemed  white  and  clear,  and 
from  its  large  size  it  must  be  valuable  in  the  making 
of  furniture,  boxes,  &c.  Pinus  monticola,  of  which  a 
plank  18  feet  long,  by  3  feet  10  inches  wide,  and  3  inches 
thick,  is  exhibited,  pleased  us  eminently,  for  its  clean, 
well  packed  wood  betokens  strength  and  lasting 
qualities  in  a  very  marked  degree.  Being  unpolished 
we  were  not  able  to  form  a  good  opinion  as  to  how 
it  would  work  under  the  tools  of  the  carpenter, 
but  a  little  experiment  that  we  took  the  liberty  of 
making,  satisfied  us  that  in  this  particular  respect  it 
was  far  from  deficient.  The  wood  we  were  told  is 
highly  valued,  but  as  the  tree  is  scarce  and  grows  in 
almost  inaccessible  situations,  it  is  but  seldom  that 
the  chance  of  converting  the  timber  is  offered.  In 
this  country  P.  monticola  does  very  well,  but  as  yet 
no  trial  of  its  wood  has  been  taken  in  hand. 

Sorry  indeed  were  we  to  know  that  our  favourite 
Abies,  A.  grandis,  is  not  highly  spoken  of.  the  wood 
being  rather  brittle  and  easily  destroyed — quite  the 
reverse  of  what  we  anticipated  from  specimens  that 
have  been  cut  up  and  manufactured  on  this  estate. 
Larix  americana,  or  rather  the  wood  of  that  tree, 
pleased  us  well,  indeed  in  colour,  texture,  and  appear- 
ance when  dressed  up,  it  much  reminded  us  of  our 
commonly  grown  tree.  In  its  native  country  the 
wood  is  highly  valued,  being  in  request  for  boat 
building,  house-building,  and  shingles.  Specimens 
of  60  to  80  feet,  and  a  couple  of  feet  in  diameter,  are 
commonly  met  with.  It  is  not  much  grown  in  this 
country — a  pity,  we  think,  for  such  an  ornamental 
and  valuable  timber- producing  tree  would  certainly 
be  an  acquisition. 

Pseudo-Tsuga  Douglasii  is,  however,  perhaps,  the 
monarch  of  all  trees,  and  amusing  was  it  to  see  how 
attractive  to  even  the  ordinary  onlooker  was  a  big 
slab  of  the  wood,  some  16  feet  high,  and  8  inches 
thick,  that  had  been  taken  from  a  300  feet  high  speci- 
men that  girthed  no  less  than  25  feet.  The  bark  was 
not  Dearly  so  rough  as  we  expected,  the  thickness 


nowhere  exceeding  3  or  4  inches.  A  section  from  the 
same  tree  lying  hard  by  was  18  inches  thick,  and  iS 
feet  in  girlh,  and  showed  well  the  graining  of  the 
wood,  and  large  annual  growths.  How  well  this 
tree  is  adapted  for  extensive  cultivation  in  this 
country,  we  have  only  to  refer  those  who  may  feel  in- 
terested to  back  numbers  of  the  Gardenirs'  Chronicle. 
Adjoining  this  mammoih  specimen  is  a  very  clean 
and  large  plank  of  the  yellow  Cypress,  Chamjecyparis 
nulkaensis,  a  tree  that,  although  but  little  known  in 
commerce,  is,  we  were  told,  of  great  value,  the  wood 
being  fine-grained  and  remarkably  durable.  From 
the  plank  exhibited  we  were  forcibly  struck  with  the 
very  clean  yellowish-tinted  wood — a  wood  that  we 
should  be  inclined  to  employ  largely  in  the  making  of 
furniture.  Immediately  in  front  of  this  plank  is  a 
number  of  samples  of  thinly  cut  planks  of  Bird's-eye 
Maple  and  white  Birch,  these  being  almost  as  thin  as 
sheets  of  brown  paper.  The  former  wood  is  much 
used  in  ils  native  country  for  furniture-making,  and  as 
it  does  not  warp,  at  least  to  any  great  extent,  is 
employed  in  the  making  of  out-buildings,  portions  of 
the  offices  in  connection  with  the  Canadian  depart- 
ment being  made  of  this  wood.  A.  D.  IVebsttr. 
{To  be  continued.) 


HARDY    SUBJECTS. 

Carnations  and  Picotees  yet  unlifted  should  be 
potted  up  at  once.  Sjndy  loim  is  the  best  com- 
post to  use  for  them.  Examine  it  carefully  to  see 
it  is  free  from  wireworra,  which  is  very  injurious 
to  these  plants.  Although  these  subjects  are  per- 
fectly hardy  they  are  all  the  better  for  receiving 
the  protection  of  a  pit  or  frame.  Let  the  pots 
be  plunged  to  their  rims  in  coal-ashes,  guard  against 
damp  and  give  abundance  of  air,  supplying  water 
when  absolutely  necessary,  to  prevent  Bagging.  The 
potting  of  all  Calceolarias,  summer  flowering  Chrysan- 
themums, Violas,  Pentstemons,  Phloxes,  &c.,  should 
now  be  completed  as  the  season  is  now  over  for  suc- 
cessful rooting,  although  if  the  winter  should  prove 
an  open  one  all  these  subjects  will  succeed  perfectly. 

Shrubs. 
The  trimming  of  shrubs  may  now  be  taken 
in  band,  but  it  is  not  good  practice  to  thin  them 
out  much  until  the  winter  is  past.  If  they  be 
too  freely  thinned  out  at  this  early  period  and 
a  hard  winter  follow  they  will  most  likely 
suffer  severely.  Where  new  shrub  beds  are  in  con- 
templation the  sooner  the  plants  are  obtained  from 
the  nursery  the  better.  Let  the  soil  be  trenched  to 
the  depth  of  18  inches  ;  if  it  be  good  a  foot  more 
will  be  all  the  better.  Let  the  bottom  be  loosened  up 
with  a  pick  for  another  foot,  but  do  not  bring  this  subsoil 
to  the  top.  This  will  secure  ample  drainage,  but  where 
subsoil  is  hard  and  retentive  the  beds  bad  better  be 
elevated  a  foot  above  the  general  level  of  the  surface. 
No  plants  will  thrive  in  water-logged  beds.  This  is 
easily  observed  by  the  smallness  of  the  leaves  and  their 
sickly  colour.  The  sooner  Roses  are  ordered  from  the 
growers  the  better,  as  those  who  come  first  have  the 
first  pick.  Where  fresh  beds  are  to  be  made  the  soil  will 
require  to  be  trenched  to  the  depth  of  2  or  3  feet,  a 
liberal  quantity  of  fresh  loam,  charred  rubbish,  and 
well  decayed  cow  or  pig  manure,  to  the  depth  of  I  foot, 
should  be  well  mixed  along  with  the  top  spit  in  order 
to  secure  fine  blooms.  Existing  beds  which  it 
is  deemed  unncessary  to  disturb  may  receive  a 
mulching  with  good  manure  and  a  sprinkling  of  soil 
over  all  will  secure  a  neat  orderly  appearance. 
William  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo. 


ptAJ^Tg  AND  THEIR  -futTU^E. 


FERNERY. 
Remove  such  shadings  as  remain,  for  from  this 
time  forward  all  Ferns  will  be  benefited  by  having  as 
much  light  as  possible  ;  and  the  glass  should  be  washed 
inside  and  out.  The  plants  themselves  should  be  care- 
fully looked  over  for  thrips,  and  be  either  dipped  or 
sponge  them  at  once  if  affected.  The  amount  of  water 
at  the  roots  may  be  gradually  reduced  so  as  to  bring 
them  to  a  state  of  comparative  rest ;  this  applies  to  the 
general  stock  and  specimens,  but  not  to  those  that 
are  required  to  supply  cut  fronds  or  for  fui-nishing. 
Batches  of  Adiantum  cuneatum,  A.  gracillimum,  and 
A.  formosum,  which  have  been  affording  fronds  for 
the  above  purposes  should  be  laid  on  their  sides  to 
rest  for  a  time.  Start  those  plants  which  have  just 
begun  to  move,  they  will  come  in  useful  later  in  the 
year,     All  Gymnogrammas  and  Cheilanthes  ought  to 


be  removed  at  once  into  the  warmest,  lightest,  and 
dryest  part  of  the  house  ;  be  careful  not  to  over-water 
or  syringe  them,  and  remember  that  drip  is  very  in- 
jurious. Any  fronds  which  show  decay  should  be 
cut  off. 

Filmy   Ferns. 

Any  of  the  tenderer  varieties,  such  as  Hymeno- 
phyllum  vitlatura,  H.  elaslicum,  Trichomanes 
alalum,  T.  auriculatum,  T.  maximum,  T.  spicatum, 
or  T.  olivaceum,  should  be  removed  to  a  warmer 
place  than  the  Filmy  house  proper  for  a  few  months. 
A  few  of  the  varieties  will  make  nice  growths  now  j 
damp  the  floor  of  the  house,  dew  or  water  them  over- 
head but  once  a  day,  to  induce  a  season  (T  rest, 
so  that  by  midwinter  they  can  be  left  several  «-eeks 
without  water  if  standing  in  a  cool  house,  proper  to 
grow  them  in. 

Rose  House. 

The  first  plants  which  were  placed  in  this  house 
will  now  in  some  cases  be  coming  nicely  into  bloom, 
and  affording  pretty  materials  for  bution-holes  or 
sprays,  and  indoor  decoration.  If  the  pots  have  got 
well  filled  with  roots,  once  a  week  liquid  manure 
may  be  given  freely,  that  is,  at  alternate 
waterings  ;  plants  that  get  starved  at  the  roots 
being  generally  those  most  subject  to  mildew. 
Keep  the  plants  well  syringed,  and  if  greenfly  should 
make  its  appearance  syringe  them  with  tobacco- 
water  which  has  been  made  the  day  before  so  as  to 
allow  the  impurities  to  settle.  This  should  be  applied 
as  soon  as  the  open  or  half-open  blooms  are  cut  in 
the  morning,  then  there  is  no  sacrifice  of  bloom  or 
bud  by  discoloration.  A  few  Marechal  Niels  can 
now  be  introduced,  but  all  shy  bloomers  or  delicate 
growers  should  be  kept  in  the  cool  pit  for  a  time  longer. 
Hybrid  perpetual  Koses  which  have  been  forced  pre- 
viously and  kept  in  pots  should  now  be  plunged  up  to 
the  rim  in  ashes  or  cocoa-fibre  ;  the  others  that  are 
required  lor  the  spring  supply  must  now  be  potted  up. 
At  one  time  I  used  to  grow  my  Roses  in  pots  one 
season  and  Icrce  them  the  next,  but  now  I  pick  out 
those  plants  with  the  ripest  wood,  and  plunge  them 
in  ashes  up  to  the  rim  on  a  large  hritbed  of  manure 
and  leaves  at  about  80°  bottom-heat.  This  causes 
active  root-aclion,  and  the  pots  get  well  filled  with 
roots  by  Christmas.  As  the  heat  dies  out  ol  the  bed 
so  the  plants  go  to  rest,  thus  saving  a  season  ol  labour 
with  results  that  are  equal.  The  following  kinds 
force  the  best,  viz.,  Alfred  Colomb,  Anna  Alexieff, 
Baroness  Rothschild,  Baronne  Hausmann,  Boule  de 
Niege,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Countess  of  Oxford,  Dr. 
Andry,  Duke  of  Connaught,  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
Fedinand  de  Lesseps,  Fisher  Holmes.  John  Hopper, 
La  Duchesse  de  IVIorny,  La  France,  Madame  Charles 
Wood,  Marie  Baumann,  Senateur  Vaisse,  General 
Jacqueminot,  Olga  Marie,  Victor  Verdier,  Sir  Garnet 
Wolseley,  and  Louis  Van  Houtte.  A.  Evans,  Lythe 
Hill. 


]^F^UIT3    "yNDEH     -{^LA^?. 


PEACH   AND   NECTARINE  TREE3. 

No  time  should  be  lost  in  preparing  the  trees  in  the 
early  and  second  house  for  forcing.  The  first  step  to 
be  taken  in  this  direction  is  to  wash  the  glass  and 
woodwork  with  warm  water,  and  the  other  parts  with 
hot  lime,  into  which  a  few  handfuls  of  flowers  of 
sulphur  should  be  stirred  before  being  used.  This  done, 
cut  out  as  much  of  the  old  wood  as  can  be  dispensed 
with,  as  well  as  superfluous  and  extra  strong  shoots  of 
the  current  year's  growth,  and  some  of  those  that  are 
left  should  be  shortened  back  to  a  wood-bud  where 
necessary  to  secure  balance  of  growth.  This  object 
should  never  be  lost  sight  of  in  pruning  trees  of  any 
description.  Then  the  trees — unless  theyhave  been  per- 
fectly  free  from  blight  during  the  past  season- should 
be  washed  with  a  soft  brush  and  a  solution  consist- 
ing of  4  oz.  of  soft-soap  dissolved  in  a  gallon  of  warm 
water,  with  two  handfuls  of  sulphur  well  mixed.  This 
should  be  applied  to  every  part  of  the  tree,  care  being 
taken  not  to  damage  the  fruit-  buds.  The  shoots  should 
be  thinned  out  to  about  5  inches  apart,  and  these 
should  be  trained  at  an  equal  angle  on  either  side  of 
the  tree,  and  should  not  be  tied  too  tighily  to  the 
wires,  otherwise  they  will  not  have  room  to  grow. 
This  done,  prick  over  the  surface  of  the  border  with 
a  steel  fork,  remove  the  loose  soil,  and  replace  it  with 
a  mixture  consisting  of  three  parts  of  sound  loam  and 
one  of  lime-  rubble  and  wood-ashes,  following  ihiswith 
2  inches  thick  of  horse-droppings  or  short  manure, 
and  a  good  soaking  of  tepid  water.  If  Peaches  are 
required  in  May  next,  the  house  should  be  kept  close 
towards  the  end  of  the  ensuing  month,  and  the  trees 
be  syringed  two  or  three  times  a  day  with  water  a  few 
degrees  warmer  than  the  temperature  of  the  house 
according  to  the  temperature  of  the  weather,  and 
only  use  the  heating  apparatus  to  prevent  the  tem- 
perature from  falliug  below  40°.  Trees  in  late  and 
cold  houses  should  in  due  time  be  attended  to  in  the 
manner  indicated.  H.  IV,  Ward,  Longford  Castle, 


56o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  1886. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


the  Osborn   Nur- 
sery, Hampton,  by  Ptotheroe  &   Morris 
Sale    ot     Dutch    and     BelKian    Bulbs,    at 
-      Stevens'  Rooms 
■  Chrysanthemum  Show  of  the  Ealing,  Acton, 

anii  HanwelJ  Horticultural  Society. 
Chrysanthemum  Show  of  the  London  Com 

Exchange. 
Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  Hollamby's  Nur- 
sery, Groombridge,  by  Protheroe  ift  Morris 
(two  days). 
Annual  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock  and  Herba- 
ceous  Plants,  at  Ware's  Nursery,  Tottcn- 


Tuesday.        Nov. 


Wedhksday,   Nov.  3 


Thursday,      Nov.  . 


Rooms,  by  Prothcrc  . 

Show  of  Chrysanthemums,  &c,  at  Havant 

(two  days). 
Sale   ol     Dutch     and     Belgia 


Bulbs, 


Stevens'  Room* 
Sale  ol   Plants  and  Lilies,  at  Protheroe  & 

Morris'  Rooms. 
Clearance    Sale  of   Greenhouse  Plants,  at 
Nursery,    Ancrlcy,    by 


Twickenham 


the    Melbou:     .     . 

Protheroe  &  MorriL 
■  Chrysanthemum     Show 

(two  days). 
Sale  of  5000  Lilium  auratum,  from  Japan 

at  Stevens  Rooms. 
Sale    of     Imported     Orchids,    at    Steven; 

Rooms. 
Sale  ol  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris 

Sale  of   Nursery  Stock,  at  Maidstone,  b 


L     by  Protheroe  and  Morris. 


Sutton,  Surrey, 
.    the    Crystal 


!      Palace  (two  nays). 

ISale  of  Established  Orchids,  at  Protheroe 
and  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Nursery  stock,  at  Lee's  Nursery, 
Hounslow,  by  Protheroe  and  Morris 
[Sale    of    Dutch    and    Belgian     Bulbs,  at 
Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 


WE  have  often  had  occasion  to  allude  to 
the  Ghent  School  of  Horticulture, 
presided  over  by  Professor  KiCKX,  the  Professor 
of  Botany  in,  and  Rector  of  the  University  of 
that  city.  In  the  absence  of  any  such  institu- 
tion in  this  country  many  of  our  young  country- 
men have  availed  themselves  of  the  opportunity 
of  procuring  in  the  old  Flemish  city  a  practical 
training  in  their  art,  together  with  instructions 
in  the  principles  of  science,  on  the  successful 
application  of  which,  directly  or  indirectly,  sub- 
stantial progress  alike  of  the  individual  and  of 
horticulture  in  general  depends. 

That  institution  is,  as  we  have  said,  presided 
over  by  the  Professor  of  Botany,  and  among 
his  colleagues  are  names  known  wherever  horti- 
culture is  known  —  RoDiGAs,  Van  Hulle, 
BURVENICH,  and  Pynaert.  Those  who  think 
that  an  ounce  of  practice  is  better  worth 
than  a  pound  of  theory  will  be  reassured  by 
reading  the  names  of  these  four  gentlemen, 
happily  compared  by  the  late  Dr.  Lucas, 
the  pomologist,  to  a  four-leaved  Shamrock. 
We  have  not  on  this  occasion  to  concern  our- 
selves with  the  working  of  this  school,  nor  with 
the  details  of  the  public  work  for  the  promotion 
of  horticulture  effected  by  these  gentlemen  with 
the  potent  assistance  of  the  learned  and  genial 
Count  Oswald  de  Kerchove.  Our  task 
to-day  is  different.  We  have  to  call  attention 
to  the  way  in  which  horticulture  has  been 
honoured  in  Belgium  in  the  person  of  one  of  its 
most  indefatigable  promoters  ;  and  when  we 
have  told  our  story,  we  shall  leave  it  to  our 
readers  to  wonder  why  it  is  that  horticulture  in 
this  country  does  not  receive  the  same  public 
recognition  that  it  does  in  other  countries. 
Fancy  the  Vice- Chancellor  presiding  in  Oxford 
on  a  similar  occasion  !  That  Edward  Pynaert 
should  be  the  recipient  of  honours  and  flatter- 
ing testimonials  is  no  subject  of  wonder  to 
those  who  have  the  privilege  of  his  acquaint- 
ance. His  indefatigable  labours,  his  zeal,  his 
transparent  honesty  of  purpose,  his  ready  wit 
and  inexhaustible  good  nature,  associated  with 
his  other  excellent  qualities  of  head  and  heart, 
are  certain  to  win  the  suffrages  of  all  to  whom 
they  are  known.  That  this  is  so  was  shown  by 
the  "Manifestation"  in  his  honour  in  Ghent  on 
Sunday  last.  In  the  concert-room  of  the  Casino 
—a  building  well  known  to  the  frequenters  of 
those  "  Quinquennials  "  which  are  attended  by 
the  horticulturists  of  all  nations— a  large  com- 
pany assembled  to  do  honour  to  M.  Pynaert. 
The  occasion  was  the  twenty-sixth  anniversary 


of  his  entry  into  his  professorial  work  con- 
nected with  the  State  School  of  Horticulture. 
Professor  KiCKX,  the  Rector  of  the  University, 
presided— Count  de  Kerchove,  the  President 
of  the  Society  of  Agriculture,  under  whose 
auspices  the  Quinquennials  are  held,  the 
Director  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  and  of 
course  a  large  number  of  representatives  of 
societies  and  of  colleagues  and  friends,  were 
present  ;  while  Madame  Pynaert  and  the 
ladies  of  her  family  were  concealed  amid  the 
Ferns  and  Palms  behind  the  bust  of  "our" 
king.  It  is  not  for  us  to  criticise  the  arrange- 
ment, but  we  may  at  least  express  an  opinion 
that  the  fete  would  have  been  rendered  even 
more  complete  had  Madame  Pynaert  not 
been  hidden  away  behind  the  shrubs.  Surely 
she  had  the  right  to  share  her  husband's 
triumph,  and  receive  the  congratulations  of 
their  friends.  We  cannot  enter  into  details 
as  to  this  celebration.  They  fill  six  columns 
of  the  Ghent  Journai.  They  were  moulded 
on  the  same  lines  as  those  which  were  fol- 
lowed in  the  similar  celebration  in  honour  of 
Professor  Rodigas,  and  noted  by  us  at  the 
time. 

We  were  not  able  to  take  time  by  the  fore- 
lock, and  announce  the  successful  occurrence 
of  this  celebration  some  weeks  beforehand,  as 
one  of  our  American  contemporaries,  gifted,  as 
it  seems,  with  foresight,  did.  But,  in  truth,  it 
is  easy  to  imagine  the  course  of  events,  and  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  guests.  What  we  in  this 
country  cannot  realise  is  the  State  recognition 
of  M.  Pynaert's  services.  The  Rector  of  the 
University,  in  proposing  the  "  usual  loyal  and 
patriotic  toasts,"  took  occasion  to  say  that  the 
King  was  desirous  of  associating  himself  with 
the  "Manifestation,"  and  of  giving  it  official 
sanction.  Professor  KiCKX  was,  therefore, 
charged  in  the  King's  name  to  present  to 
M.  Pynaert  the  Civil  Medal  of  the  First 
Class,  not  only  as  a  recompense  for  his  great 
services,  but  also  as  a  precious  encouragement 
for  the  future. 

Following  the  Presidential  introduction,  M. 
BURVENICH  gave  at  great  length  a  detailed 
account  of  the  career  of  the  hero  of  the  day, 
from  his  school-days,  his  training  under  Van 
Houtte,  his  work  as  a  journeyman  in  Munich, 
in  Paris,  at  Belosil,  as  Head  Gardener  to  the 
Prince  De  Eigne,  and  subsequently  as  Professor 
in  the  Ghent  School  of  Horticulture.  M. 
BURVENICH  alluded  to  his  colleague's  literary 
work,  his  books,  his  valuable  editorial  work 
in  connection  with  the  Horticultural  Press. 
Then  came  a  deputation  of  pupils  from  the 
School  of  Horticulture  to  offer  their  tribute, 
and  more,  and  yet  more  colleagues  rose  to 
"  demander  la  parole^'  till  M.  Pynaert  him- 
self, anxious  not  to  omit  the  names  of  any 
individual  or  society  which  had  done  him 
homage  on  this  occasion,  was  compelled  to 
have  resource  to  a  written  document,  and 
to  make  his  tongue  render,  at  second-hand, 
what  his  pen  had  written.  For  so  accomplished 
a  speaker  this  would  seem  to  have  been  a 
mistake,  but  when  a  man  is  overwhelmed  with 
testimonials  such  as  were  showered  upon  M. 
Pynaert,  the  readiest  speaker  might  find  him- 
self at  fault.  All  four  of  the  leaflets  of  the 
"  four-leaved  Shamrock,"  that  flourishes  so  well 
at  Ghent,  have  now  been  honoured  in  this  way, 
each  after  twenty-five  years  of  service.  They 
have  worked  together  so  well  that  veritably 
one  must  multiply  by  four  to  estimate  the 
result  of  their  services  to  Belgian  horticulture, 
and,  through  it,  to  that  of  the  world. 


The  Jardin  des  Plantes.— We  have  re- 
ceived from  the  Director,  Professor  Maxime  Cornu,  a 
list  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  which  may  be  had 
by  way  of  exchange  on  application  to  the  Director, 
27,  Rue  Cuvier,  Paris. 

Olympia,   Kensington.  —  Mr.    Herbert 

Gladstone  has  consributed  an  article  on  the  all. 


important  subject  of  "  National  Physical  Education," 
to  the  book  which  is  to  be  published  in  December 
next,  in  connection  with  the  opening  of  "  Olympia," 
the  new  National  Agricultural  Hall  at  Kensington. 

Food  Reform.— Our  fruit  growing  friends 

may  like  to  know  that  the  Vegetarian  Society  has 
arranged  for  a  special  table  cfhdle  dinner  and  fruit 
conference  to  be  held  on  November  5,  at  303,  Strand, 
the  Queen  Victoria  Restaurant.  Select  exhibits  of 
dessert  Apples  and  Pears  will  be  shown,  suited  to 
provide  a  supply  for  the  winter  season. 

HlGHGATE,      FINCHLEY,       AND      HORNSEY 

Chrysanthemum  Society.— We  are  informed  by 
Mr.  H.  Barnaby,  49,  Southwood  Lane,  Highgate, 
N,,  the  Hon  Sec.  of  the  Society,  that  the  autumn 
flower  show  and  second  exhibition  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums, fruit  and  vegetables,  &c.,  will  be  held  in 
Northfield  Hall.  Highgate,  on  November  3  and  4. 
A  large  number  of  classes  are  provided,  and  the  money 
offered  in  prizes  is  about  ^100. 

Pottery  at  Liverpool   International 

Exhibition,— We  notice  that  the  Executive  Council 
of  the  Liverpool  International  Exhibition  have 
awarded  to  Mr.  John  Matthews,  Weston-super- 
Mare,  a  Silver  Medal  for  terra  cotta  vases,  &c.  The 
exhibit  attracted  much  attention  at  Liverpool,  and 
was  universally  admired, 

The  Liverpool  Shipperies  Exhibition. 

—Mr.  IJosEPH  Witherspoon,  Red  Rose  Vineries, 
Chester-le-Street,  received  a  Silver  Medal  for  his 
horizontal  tubular  hot-water  boiler,  "  Red  Rose,"  and 
was  also  awarded  the  Bronze  Medal  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Provincial  Show  at  Liverpool 
in  July  last. 

"Der    Praktische    Gartenfreund."— 

This  is  the  title  of  a  new  horticultural  journal  to  be 
published  weekly  in  Berlin  at  41.  a  year.  Its  con- 
tents are  varied  and  practical,  and  print  and  paper 
are  good  —  better  than  in  our  penny  gardening 
journals, 

"LiNDENiA."  — The  last  number  contains 

coloured  6gures  of — 

Catasetun  Burgerothi,  t.  57. — An  extraordinary 
white-flowered  species,  described  from  a  sketch  only. 
The  flowers  are  in  racemes,  each  flower  being  about 
34  —4  inches  across.  We  shall  await  with  eagerness 
the  flowering  of  this  remarkable  plant. 

OJonloglossum  tuteo-purpureuni,  t.  58. — A  grand 
species,  discovered  by  Linden  in  the  woods  of 
Quindiu,  New  Granada,  and  characterised  by  racemes 
jof  large  five-rayed  flowers,  the  segments  ovate- 
anceolate,  heavily  blotched  with  chocolate-brown, 
and  with  an  oblong  rounded  white  lip  with  a  central 
brown  blotch.     It  is  one  of  the  finest  cool  Orchids. 

Piltimna  nobilis,  t.  59. — A  lovely  species  with 
smooth  elongate  oval  pseudobulbs,  oblong  refuse 
leaves,  and  racemes  of  large  white  flowers,  proceeding 
from  the  base  of  the  pseudobulbs.  Each  flower 
measures  4,^  inches  in  longest  diameter,  the  segments 
linear  lanceolate,  the  lip  stalked,  broadly  obovate, 
pure  white,  with  a  yellow  blotch  in  the  throat.  The 
plant  was  originally  discovered  in  Venezuela  by 
Linden. 

Vanda  suavis  Lindeni^  t.  60. — A  fine  variety  of  a 
lovely  Orchid  with  white  flowers  spotted  with  reddish- 
violet  and  deep  violet  coloured  lip.  The  raceme  of 
flowers  is  pendulous,  and  the  petals  bent  backward, 
while  in  V.  tricolor  the  raceme  is  erect  and  the  petals 
in  the  same  plane  as  the  sepals. 

The    "  Orchid     Album." — In    the    last 

number  the  plants  figured  are — 

Cattlcya  Jriana  Dodgsoni,  t.  249, — A  very  beau- 
tiful variety,  sold  by  auction  for  185  guineas  at  the 
same  time  that  C.  T.  Osmanni  was  bought  for  215 
guineas  by  Mr.  B.  S,  Williams.  C.  T.  var. 
Dodgsoni  has  flowers  S — 9  inches  across,  with 
pure  white  sepals  and  petals,  the  lip  deep  violet- 
crimson,  slightly  margined  with  pale  pink,  the  throat 
orange-yellow.     It  blossoms  in  winter. 

Sobralia  xantholeitca.  —  A  magnificent  flower, 
6  inches  across  in  widest  diameter,  with  broadly 
ovate-lanceolate  segments,  and  a  lip  with  a  convolute 
base  and  flat  crumpled  disc,  all  the  parts  being  of  a 
primrose  colour,  with  the  exception  of  a  blotch  of 
orange  and  a  few  similarly  coloured  streaks  in  the 
throat   of  the  lip.     For  a   fine   photograph   of   this 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


561 


species  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Powell,  in  whose  col- 
lection at  Drinkstone  Park,  Bury,  it  flowered  lately. 

Odontoghsstim  Cervantesi  decorum,  t.  251. — The 
flowers  of  this  species  are  borne  in  long  clusters  ; 
each  measures  about  3  inches  across,  with  broadly 
ovate  acute  segments,  white,  with  concentric  rows  of 
small  linear  reddish-violet  streaks,  and  with  an  ovate 
lip  crisped  at  the  edge,  white,  marked  with  red 
stripes,     A  cool  Orchid.     Native  of  Mexico. 

Dendrobitim  Williajnsianum,  t.  252. — A  New 
Guinea  species,  with  terminal  many-flowered  racemes, 
each  flower  about  z\  inches  across,  sepals  oblong- 
acute,  petals  broadly  ovate,  both  white ;  lip  ovate 
acute,  concave,  deep  rich  violet  coloured. 

LONCHOCARPUS   Baeterl — Travellers   tell 

ns  in  glowing  terms  of  the  magnificence  of  the  tropical 


comprises  a  variety  of  beautiful  and  interesting  plants 
hardly  to  be  obtained,  if  at  all,  in  the  ordinary  way  of 
trade.  At  the  same  time,  we  sympathise  with  the 
Director  in  his  feeling  that  it  is  not  the  proper  work 
of  a  botanic  garden,  to  enter  into  the  arena  of  trade 
and  compete  with  legitimate  traders. 

A  Potato  Conference. — We  observe  from 

an  unsigned  circular  which  is  being  distributed  that  it 
is  proposed  to  hold  a  Conference  on  the  Potato, 
together  with  an  exhibition  of  varieties  of  the 
tuber.  The  exhibition  will  consist  of  four  sections : — 
I,  A  historic  and  scienti6c  collection,  to  include 
early  works  on  botany  in  which  the  Potato  is  figured  ; 
maps  showing  the  European  knowledge  of  the  New 
World  300  years  ago,  and  the  proximity  of  Potato- 
growing  districts  to  the  ports  most  frequented  ;  early 


up  with  a  headache  and  a  jumble ;  but  go  out  into 
the  fields  and  hedges  and  collect  examples  of  leaves, 
flowers,  fruit,  &c.,  and  learn  the  names  of  all  their 
forms  and  varieties  with  the  aid  of  your  book,  and 
you  will  find  the  process  healthful  and  delightful.  So 
far  from  terms  being  a  weary  burden  on  your  mind,  if 
you  learn  them  in  this  way  and  learn  them  thoroughly, 
they  will  be  as  household  words.  In  studying  the 
elementary  structure  of  plants  do  the  same  with  your 
microscope.  Get  examples,  as  far  as  possible,  of 
every  form  of  cell  and  tissue,  make  sections  of  various 
stems  and  roots,  and  familiarise  yourselves  by  actual 
experiment  with  all  the  details  of  this  branch  of  the 
subject." 

Whortleberry  Wine. — The  British  Consul 

General  at  Frankfort-on-Maine,  reporting  on  the  trade 


I 


Fig.  112.— tree  ferns  at  tresco  abbey,  scilly.     (see  p.  558.) 


climbing  plants,  but  as  often  as  not  they  have  to  cut 
the  tree  down  to  get  at  the  rich  flower-clusters.  At 
Kew  they  manage  things  differently ;  the  creepers 
find  their  way  to  the  top  of  the  Palm-stove,  and  the 
visitors  find  their  way  after  them  by  means  of  a  spiral 
stair,  and  so  manage  to  realise  a  little  of  the  splendour 
described  by  travellers.  The  sight  of  the  foliage  of 
the  huge  Palms  thus  looked  down  upon  is  one  of  the 
most  impressive  sights  that  can  be  imagined  for  those 
who  appreciate  plants  ;  but  just  now  there  is  another 
attraction  in  the  shape  of  this  climber,  which  is  pro- 
ducing its  loose  clusters  of  pale  violet  Pear-shaped 
flowers  with  freedom, 

Cafe  Bulbs. — We  have  received  from  the 

Cape  Town  Botanic  Garden  a  list  of  bulbs  cultivated 
for  export.  These  bulbs  should  be  ordered  now,  and 
will  be  delivered  from  January  till  March.  Messrs. 
Silberrad  &  Sons,  25,  Savage  Gardens,  Crutched 
Friars,  London,  act  as  forwarding  agents.      The  list 


books  on  travel  and  voyages  in  which  references  to  the 
Potato  occur  ;  works  and  papers  in  which  attempts 
to  define  the  different  species  are  made  ;  illustrations 
of  the  species  and  varieties  ;  contemporary  references 
to  the  voyages  of  Hawkins,  Drake,  Grenville, 
and  Raleigh.  2.  Illustrations  of  Potato  disease, 
and  works  on  the  subject.  3.  Methods  for  storing 
and  preserving  Potatos,  and  for  using  diseased  Pota- 
los,  &c,  4.  A  display  of  tubers  of  the  various 
varieties  grown. 

Botany. — In    an    address    to    students    of 

pharmacy  Mr.  Martin  gave  the  following  excellent 
advice,  which  is  as  applicable  in  its  way  to  young 
gardeners  as  to  pharmaceutical  students  : — "  In  this 
subject  make  your  reading  as  much  as  possible  sub- 
servient to  practical  work  ;  that  is  to  say,  the  study 
of  actual  specimens,  whether  in  the  field  or  by  the  aid 
of  the  microscope.  Sit  down  and  read  and  try  to 
remember  all  the  definitions  and  terms,  and  you  rise 


of  that  town,  says  : — "  Among  the  different  unfer- 
mented  wines.  Whortleberry  wine  has  been  produced 
largely  of  late  for  export.  A  house  in  Frankfort  has 
made  efforts  in  this  direction  for  years,  and  by  the  co- 
operation of  some  medical  authorities,  has  at  last 
succeeded  in  preparing  a  wine  from  the  berry." 

Amount    of    Quinine     in     Cinchona 

Trees. — The  late  Mr.  Howard  found  that  the 
amount  of  quinine  varied  largely  in  trees  of  the  same 
species  growing  in  the  same  locality.  High-class 
barks  should  alone  be  cultivated. 

"  RuMPUMPUs  "  Hat, — In  a  report  on  the 

trade  of  Ningpo  for  1885  it  is  stated  that  the  Rush 
hats  which  were  so  popular  in  this  country  a  few 
years  since  are  again  coming  into  prominence,  after 
having  abruptly  dropped  in  1882  to  a  very  low  figure. 
The  demand  for  these  hats  in  foreign  markets  bad 
been  brisk,  and  there  was  a  prospect  of  the  trade 


562 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(October  30,  18 


increasing  still  more.  As  the  raw  material  can  be 
grown  in  poor  soil,  and  does  not  require  much  atten* 
tion  on  the  part  of  the  grower,  the  only  limit  to  the 
expansion  of  the  trade  being  the  needs  of  the  market. 

Hops  in  India. — An  attempt  has  been  made 

to  grow  the  Hop  on  the  Nilgherries,  and  a  beginning 
has  been  made  by  raising  a  stock  of  plants  from 
cuttings  supplied  by  the  manager  of  the  Nilgherries 
Brewery  to  Mr.  Lawson,  who,  however,  fears  that 
the  climate  of  these  hills  is  not  likely  to  suit  the  plant. 
The  Government  is  very  much  interested  in  this  expe- 
riment, which,  if  successful,  will  prove  of  great 
advantage  to  the  ryots  of  the  Nilgherrie  hills,  for 
breweries  have  now  been  opened  there,  which  import 
their  Hops  from  England  at  a  heavy  cost.  If,  there- 
fore, the  plant  can  be  successfully  grown,  it  will  open 
up  a  new  source  of  income  to  the  people,  who  are 
sure  to  take  to  its  extensive  cultivation  when  they 
learn  that  the  produce  of  their  fields  will  be  bought 
up  by  the  owners  of  the  breweries, 

International  Exhibition,  Liverpool. 

—Messrs.  F.  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  the  Queen's  Seeds- 
men, Chester,  have  been  awarded  by  the  jurors  the 
committee's  Gold  Medal  for  their  exccellent  exhibit  of 
trees  and  shrubs.  The  collection  is  of  such  a  character 
as  well  to  merit  the  distinction  thus  conferred.  The 
specimens  of  the  choicer  Coniferje,  and  of  some  of  the 
more  effective  evergreens  and  deciduous  plants  which 
were  used  with  such  good  effect  in  the  general 
arrangement  and  in  thespecial  decorative  designs  were 
perfect  of  their  kind,  shapely  plants,  of  fine  colour  and 
well  grown  ;  the  Conifers:  were  such  as  could  rarely 
be  surpassed. 

Autumn  Leaves  for  Bouquets. — That  these 
admit  of  considerable  use  in  bouquets,  garlands, 
sprays,  &c.,  an  inspection  of  Mr.  Maurice  Young's 
flower-stall,  near  "  Old  London,"  at  the  Colonial 
Exhibition,  will  amply  prove.  Various  varieties  of 
the  Maple  (conspicuous  being  Acer  saccharinum),  Vir- 
ginian Creepers  of  sorts,  Rhus  Cotinus,  and  other 
Sumachs,  the  foliage  of  the  Tulip  tree.  Champion 
and  other  deciduous  Oaks,  are  amongst  the  most 
familiar  examples. 

The  Middle  Temple.— The  Chrysanthe- 
mums in  the  garden  of  this  part  of  the  Temple  are  no 
longer  one  of  the  pleasant  autumn  sights  of  the  town, 
and  we  miss  the  little  narrow  house  that  held  them, 
nestling  somewhat  incongruously  under  the  walls  of  the 
Temple  dining  room.  For  some  inscrutable  reason 
their  cultivation  remains  in  abeyance,  whilst  those  of 
the  Inner  Temple,  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
Newton,  remain  to  refresh  the  eyes  of  the  Londoners 
with  their  gorgeous  colours  and  quaint  forms.  Every 
one  would  hail  with  satisfaction  Mr.  Wright's  re- 
appearance in  the  friendly  rivalry. 

^-^  Spogel  Seeds. — A  correspondent  sends  us  a 
sample  of  a  small  seed  the  size  of  and  something  of 
the  shape  of  Linseed,  but  with  a  greyish  colour  and  a 
well  marked  longitudinal  scar  or  hilum,  by  which  the 
seed  was  attached  to  the  placenta  :  this  suggested 
either  Primulaceas'or  Plantaginaceae  as  the  source  of  the 
seed, and  then  came  to  the  remembrance  that  Ispaghul 
seeds  are  used  in  India  to  make  a  mucilaginous  drink. 
These  seeds  it  appears  are  now  imported  largely  from 
Bombay  to  Liverpool,  but  for  what  purpose  is  not 
known.  Ispaghul  seeds  are  the  produce  of  Plantago 
Ispaghul. 

Bradford  School  of  Science  and  Art, 

— Bradford  is  not  going  to  be  behind  Manchester,  the 
programme  of  whose  exhibition  we  mentioned  last 
week.  The  labours  and  philanthropy  of  Sir  TiTUS 
Salt  are  widely  known.  To  more  effectually  com- 
memorate them  the  "Salt"  Echools  originally  given 
by  Sir  TiTtJS  Salt  to  the  town,  and  wherein  science 
and  art  as  applied  to  manufactures  are  taught,  are  to 
be  rebuilt  on  a  larger  scale,  as  a  memorial  to  the  late 
Baronet.  The  schools  are  very  complete,  with  libraries, 
laboratories,  studios,  workshops,  and  all  necessary 
appliances.  The  opening  of  the  new  school  is  to  be 
celebrated  by  an  exhibition  of  manufactures  and  works 
of  art.  Class  10  includes  vegetable  substances  used  in 
manufactures,  while  horticultural  and  agricultural 
implements  find  place  in  class  17  of  the  programme. 
Eight  acres  of  garden  are  to  be  provided,  the  furnish- 
ing of  which  will  be  done  by  Messrs.  Fisher,  of 
Sheffield. 


National  Chrysanthemum   Society.— 

A  meeiing  of  the  above  Society  took  place  at  the 
Royal  Aquarium  on  Wednesday  last,  when  a  goodly 
number  of  subjects  were  staged,  and  several  new 
flowers  obtained  certificates,  the  names  of  which  and 
further  particulars  as  to  the  meeting  will  be  published 
in  our  columns  next  week. 

The  Embankment  Trees.— We  note  with 

satisfaction  that  the  tree  pruner,  with  his  knife  and 
saw,  has  ceased  from  troubling  ;  and  if  he  should  con- 
tinue in  the  same  favourable  turn  of  mind  these  un- 
lucky trees,  which  by  years  of  maiming  and  amputa- 
tion resemble  those  turned  out  by  the  industrious  toy 
makers  of  Thuringia,  may  in  a  few  more  years  assume 
their  naturally  handsome  form.  At  present  they  are 
growing  well,  and  in  a  few  seasons  will  give  ample 
shade  to  pedestrians  on  the  hot  dusty  Embankment. 
But  prudent  thinning  must  not  be  much  longer 
delayed. 

Floral   Devices.— Oar   American  cousins 

are  usually  considered  a  go-ahead  people,  but  in  the 
matter  of  floral  devices  they  seem  to  be  where  we 
were  fifty  years  ago  or  more.  One  of  the  latest 
novelties  is  a  bell  made  of  flowerp,  with  handle  and 
clapper  complete.  This  is  the  sort  of  thing  our  May 
Day  sweeps  are  now  abandoning.  Beauty  of  appro- 
priateness is,  after  all,  about  the  highest  form  of 
beauty. 

Hairy  or  Glabrous.— In  some  plants  and 

under  some  circumstances  the  presence  of  or  the 
absence  of  hairs  on  the  leaves  furnishes  a  ready  means 
of  discrimination  between  one  plant  and  another. 
That  this  is  not  always  the  case  is  shown  in  the 
instance  of  the  little  known  but  beautiful  Greyia 
Sulherlandi,  which  has  some  of  its  leaves  covered  with 
hairs,  others  destitute  of  such  investment.  We  owe 
to  the  kindness  of  the  authorities  at  Kew  the  commu- 
nication of  leaves,  showing  both  states,  and  of  one 
shoot  on  which  some  of  the  leaves  are  hairy,  others 
quite  glabrous.  In  an  old  plant  in  the  Chelsea 
Botanic  Garden  this  condition  was  observed  many 
years  ago,  but  we  are  quite  unable  to  supply  a  satis- 
factory reason  for  it. 

British    Wines. —  Our    forefathers    made 

wine  in  this  country— why  should  not  we  ?  The 
answer,  we  suppose,  is  that  it  is  hardly  worth  while, 
now  that  we  can  get  better  wine  from  abroad  at  equal 
cost.  It  was  different  in  the  old  times  of  the  French 
wars,  when  trade  was  anything  but  free,  and  eccle- 
siastics brought  with  them  Vine-dressers,  and 
added  the  sugar  our  relatively  sunless  climate 
denies.  Then  vineyards  flourished  in  Kent  and 
elsewhere,  as  they  might  do  now.  The  British 
wine  makers  now  have  to  contend  in  competition 
with  their  fellows  in  the  colonies  of  Australia,  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Cyprus,  &c.  Undeterred  by 
this,  the  veteran  Mr.  Fenn,  who  has  devoted  a  long 
lifetime  to  the  amelioration  of  the  Potato,  and  a 
shorter  one  to  the  fabrication  of  British  wine,  exhi- 
bited a  number  of  samples  on  Tuesday  last  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  It  was  a  bold  thing  to 
do,  and  some  who  were  on  the  tasting  committee 
evidently  were  not  inclined  to  award  a  First-class 
Certificate.  For  our  own  part,  after  having  tasted  dur- 
ing the  summer  various  productions  from  our  colonies, 
we  feel  bound  to  admit  that  Mr.  Fenn's  productions 
were  considerably  better  than  the  worst  of  the 
Australian  or  Cape  wines,  and  we  are  disposed  to 
think  that  if  more  care  had  been  exercised  in  bringing 
the  wines  under  the  notice  of  the  committee,  less  pre- 
judice would  have  been  felt. 

Publication     Received.  —  Report  of  the 

Agricultural  Resources  of  Mauritius.  By  John 
Horne,  F.L.S.,  Director  of  Forests  and  Gardens. 
(Government  Office.) 

Gardening    Appointments.  —  Mr.    H. 

Reynolds,  late  Plant  Foreman  at  Upper  Grove 
House  Gardens,  Roehampton,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  R.  Kershaw,  Esq.,  Crownest 
Park,  Halifax,  Yorkshire.— Mr.  W.  Williams  has 
been  appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  Wright  (under  whom 
he  has  been  Foreman  four  years)  as  Gardener  to 
W.  H.  Grenfell,  Esq.,  Taplow  Court,  Maiden- 
head, Berks.— Mr.  J.  Sanders,  late  Foreman  of 
Broadlands,  Romsey,  Hants,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  H.  S,  Stanley,  Esq.,  Paultons, 
Romsey,  Hants, 


Biftiffs  0f  Ifffflis. 


Lectures  on  the  Physiology  of  Plants.     By  S. 

H.     Vines,     M.A.,    D.Sc,    &c.      (Cambridge  : 
University  Press.) 

This  is  a  book  which  has  been  awaited  with  eager 
expectation.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  in  this  country 
we  can  boast  of  Grew,  of  Hales,  of  Priestley,  of 
Knight,  ol  Robert  Brown,  all  foremost  names  in  the 
history  of  the  vegetable  physiology  of  the  past,  all 
men  who  have  laid,  and  laid  truly,  the  foundations  of 
the  science— in  spile  of  these  exemplars  the  study  of 
vegetable  physiology  in  this  country  has  fallen  into 
comparative  neglect.  Nowhere  has  this  unfortunate 
state  of  things  been  more  frequently  pointed  out  and 
deplored  than  in  these  columns— a  fact  we  may  the 
more  readily  mention,  now  that  the  pendulum  is 
swaying  so  markedly  in  the  direction  of  physiology 
and  physiological  anatomy  to  the  detriment  of 
morphology  and  classification.  Till  lately  we  have 
been  indebted  for  our  knowledge  of  modern  vege- 
table physiology  almost  exclusively  to  German 
sources.  A  prevalent  defect  in  German  publications 
is,  however,  observable  in  their  method.  Accurate  in 
research  and  labourious  in  detail,  German  authors 
are  often  deficient  in  system,  and  fail  to  arrange  their 
material  in  orderly,  coherent  sequence.  Respect  for 
the  law  of  priority,  and  regard  for  the  nomen- 
clature of  their  predecessors  are  too  often  con- 
spicuous by  their  absence.  The  result  is  seen  in 
an  influx  of  terms  whose  novelty  lies  rather 
in  themselves  than  in  the  phenomena  or  in  the  facts 
they  are  supposed  to  denote,  while  in  other  cases  they 
are  calculated  to  mislead  by  giving  the  impression  of 
knowledge  where  little  or  none  exists. 

A  good  English  treatise,  thoroughly  abreast  of  the 
advanced  science  of  the  day,  has  long  been  a  deside- 
ratum, and  hence  the  impatience  with  which  Dr. 
Vines'  book  has  been  awaited.  Nearly  ten  years 
have  been  expended  in  its  preparation.  Ill  health 
and  official  duties  have,  however,  much  interfered 
with  the  progress  of  the  book.  The  title  aptly 
describes  its  nature.  It  cannot  be  looked  on  as  a 
complete  treatise  on  the  physiology  of  plants.  It  is 
simply  an  expansion  of  the  author's  lectures  on  the 
subject,  and  its  merits  and  demerits  must  be  judged 
by  this  standard. 

Starting  with  the  structure  and  properties  of  the 
cell-wall  and  those  of  its  contents  the  author  treats 
in  succession  of  the  absorption  of  water  and  gases,  of 
the  movements  of^waterin  plants,  of  transpiration, 
nutrition,  including  the  changes  which  food  substances 
undergo  in  the  plant  by  "  metabolism."  Then  follow 
chapters  on  growth,  sensation  or  irritability,  and, 
lastly,  reproduction. 

The  chapters  which  in  consulting  this  volume  have 
left  the  most  favourable  impression  upon  us  are  those 
on  metabolism.  The  general  facts  and  phenomena 
relating  to  the  nature  of  plant  food  and  of  the  means 
whereby  it  enters  into  the  plant  are  fairly  well  known 
and  fairly  well  explained  in  the  text-books,  but  the 
changes  which  those  substances  undergo  in  the  plant 
itself  under  the  influence  of  light  and  other  conditions 
are  far  less  well  known.  The  chemist  tells  us  what  is 
the  nature  of  the  food,  the  physicist  tells  us  how  it 
enters  the  plant  ;  again,  the  chemist  tells  us  the  result 
of  the  final  cremation  in  his  laboratory,  but  the  inter- 
mediate processes  which  are  all-important  to  the  life 
of  the  plant,  and  which  in  consequence  are  the  very 
thing  the  cultivator  wants  specially  to  know,  are  not 
nearly  so  well  known  nor  so  well  treated  of.     It  is  in 

this  department  we  expected   most   from  Dr.  Vines 

let  us  hasten  to  say  that  our  expectation  has  been  ful- 
filled, and  we  may  point  to  pp.  15S — 160,  325 330 

as  containing  in  small  compass  an  admirable  summary 
of  existing  knowledge  discussed  in  fuller  detail  in 
preceding  pages.  In  other  sections  the  book  is  more 
a  record  of  what  so-and-so  (the  said  so-and-so  being 
usually  a  German)  has  done,  or  what  he  thinks,  than 
a  regular  connected  history  of  the  life-processes. 
This,  under  the  circumstances,  is  more  or  less 
unavoidable,  but  we  should  have  preferred  Dr.  Vines 
to  have  subjected  his  stores  to  some  process  of  meta- 
bolism, and  to  have  relegated  the  record  of  the 
sources  whence  he  derived  his  information  to  the 
ends  of  the  chapters.  In  these  situations,  indeed, 
there  is  generally  given  a  list  of  books  and 
memoirs,  which  of  itself  would  be  sufficient  as  a 
record  of  authorities,  or  as  an  indication  to 
the  student  of  the  books  where  he  might  find  fuller 


October  30,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


563 


information.  With  reference  to  these  bibliographical 
references,  we  may  mention  a  matter,  small  in  itseU, 
but  one  the  omission  of  which  is  calculated  to  occasion 
the  student  some  unnecessary  loss  of  time — we  allude 
to  the  omission  of  any  citation  of  pages.  Thus  we 
find  a  reference,  "Payer;  Comptei  Rcndtts^  xviii., 
1844,"  and  throughout  it  seems  to  be  the  exception  to 
quote  a  page.  In  the  chapters  on  Irritability  we  find 
a  flood  of  neologisms,  for  which,  however,  the  author  is 
not  personally  responsible.  Nothing  can  be  said  about 
these  when  necessity  or  convenience  demand  their 
usage  ;  the  objections  creep  in  when  such  terms  are 
taken  as  explanatory,  as  they  are  very  likely  to  be  by 
careless  students;  thus  the  now  familiar  "geotropism," 
"heliotropism,"  we  know  from  experience,  are  often 
used  by  students  as  explanations  rather^  than  mere 
descriptions  of  observed  phenomena.  "  Negative 
geotropism  "  is  worse  still,  and  suggestive  of  the  adage, 
tx  nihih  nihil  fit.  The  real  explanation  is  the  dis- 
proportionate growth  of  one  portion  of  the  plant  as 
compared  with  another — a  disproportion  brought  about 
by  various  agencies,  light,  heat,  moisture,  &c.  Some 
of  these  new  terms  remind  us  forcibly  of  M.  Jourdain's 
discovery  that  he  had  been  unconsciously  making  use 
of  prose  all  his  life  ;  for  instance,  every  one,  we 
imagine,  who  has  seen  weeds  growing  in  a  flowing 
stream  must  be  familiar  with  their  appearance  ;  but 
now  we  are  told  that  organs  grown  under  the  condition 
of  "  rheotropism  "  place  themselves  so  that  their  long 
axes  lie  in  the  direction  of  the  current — a  sufficiently 
obvious  fact,  explained  as  follows — "The  force  of  a 
current  of  water  exercises  a  directive  influence,  in 
fact  it  induces  '  heterauxesis  "  (disproportionate 
growth),  and  so  gives  rise  to  curvatures  of  plant 
organs."  We  very  greatly  fear  that  some  of  these 
terms  will  convey  to  students  in  other  departments  of 
science  the  impression  that  botanists  know  much 
more  about  these  phenomena  than  they  really  do, 
and  when  they  are  undeceived,  their  opinion  of  the 
botanists  will  not  be  enhanced. 

The  chapter  on  reproduction,  containing  a  summary 
of  the  comparative  morphology  of  the  reproductive 
organs  of  plants,  and  of  their  action,  is  one  of  the 
best  features  of  the  book,  but  even  here  clearness  is 
rather  diminished  than  promoted  by  the  terms  intro- 
duced to  indicate  variations  in  the  time  or  stage  of 
growth  at  which  the  formation  of  spores,  true  buds, 
or  eggs  respectively  takes  place,  or  does  not  take 
place  as  the  case  may  be. 

Grafting,  hybridisation,  and  bud-variation — matters 
of  great  importance  to  cultivators — are  here  passed 
over  very  briefly,  but  of  this  we  have  no  right  to  com- 
plain, as  the  book  does  not  profess  to  be  a  complete 
treatise.  For  a  similar  reason,  that  the  book  does  not 
profess  to  be  a  history,  we  need  not  demur  to  the 
omission  of  reference  to  the  work  of  Griffith, 
Thwaites,  Berkeley,  Daubeny,  Henslow,  Bennett, 
Dickson,  Dyer,  MacNab,  and  other  English  workers 
in  vegetable  physiology,  though  the  omission  might 
lead  to  the  inference  that  less  has  been  done  in  this 
country  than  is  actually  the  case.  The  work  is  fitly 
concluded  with  a  copious  and  well  arranged  index, 
and  we  may,  in  conclusion,  thank  Dr.  Vines  for 
having  supplied  a  pressing  want,  and  for  having  done 
so  in  such  a  manner  as,  in  a  large  measure,  to  remove 
the  stigma  under  which  English  vegetable  physiology 
has  for  the  last  twenty  or  thirty  years  been  labour- 
ing— that  of  having  no  high-class  text-book  specially 
treating  of  vegetable  physiology. 


7he      53uX.B      'G(AF(Df:N. 


THE  WHITE  TRUMPET  DAFFODILS. 
Mr.  Hartland's  letter  at  p.  535  tempts  me  to 
make  a  suggestion  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle  on 
this  group.  I  made  the  suggestion  in  a  contemporary, 
that  the  vexed  question  of  the  nomenclature  should  he 
settled  in  the  gardens  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  at  Chiswick.  Afier  writing  the  note  referred 
to,  I  happened  to  call  upon  Mr.  Peter  Barr,  at  12, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden  ;  he  then  and  there  told 
me  that  this  was  the  best  way  to  settle  all  disputed 
questions,  and  he  was  even  now  ready  to  send  a  col- 
lection of  the  "White  Trumpets"  to  Chiswick,  if 
others  who  have  written  and  talked  a  good  deal  about 
them  would  do  the  same.  It  also  appears  to  have 
been  decided  at  one  of  the  meetings  of  the  Narcissus 
Committee,  that  all  growers  of  this  type  should  be 
invited  to  send  bulbs  to  Chiswick  for  comparison. 
Further  the  Hon,  Secretary  to  the  committee  had,  it 


is  stated,  made  an  effort  to  get  growers  to  send  bulbs 
there.  It  is  perhaps  too  late  to  ask  amateurs  to  take 
up  their  bulbs  now  from  the  open  ground,  but  arrange- 
ments could  be  made  to  do  so  next  year,  as  has  also 
been  suggested  by  others.  Mr.  D.  E,  Wemyss, 
of  Toriie  House,  Dunfermline,  grows  a  large  collection 
of  this  type,  and  offers  to  send  to  Chiswick  next  year, 
Mr.  Barr  will  also  send  a  very  complete  collection. 
Will  Mr.  Hattland  and  others  also  do  so?  J.  Doufilas. 

Narcissus  elegans  var. 
A  pretty  little  Daffodil  of  unusual  interest  is  now 
flowering  in  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew.  Its  affinity 
is  undoubtedly  that  of  N.  elegans,  but  it  answers  to 
none  of  the  varieties  of  that  species  described  by 
Herbert  in  his  AmarylliJacc^c,  and  it  is  not  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Burbidge  in  the  Narcissus,  its  History  and 
Culture,  So  far  as  the  cup  or  corona  goes — which  is  a 
very  rudimentary  one — itcomes  uearestto  N.obsoletus, 
but  in  Herbert's  figure  the  segments  are  represented 
as  being  nearly  obovate,  with  a  short  abrupt  point. 
In  the  variety  in  question,  however,  the  segments  are 
linear  pointed,  longer  than  N.  obsoletus,  and  having 
the  merest  apology  for  a  cup  at  their  base,  hardly 
discernible  at  all  until  the  segments  have  reflexed, 
which  they  usually  do  when  the  flowers  are  beginning 
to  fade.  In  all  other  respects  it  answers  to  N.  elegans. 
It  was  introduced  from  Algiers.   B. 


THE    ORANGE    COCCUS    PARA- 
SITE. 

The  article  published  in  the  number  of  the  Car- 
dcncrs'  Chronicle  on  July  17  last  gives  an  account 
(p.  77)  of  the  great  extent  to  which  the  Orange  is 
cultivated  in  San  Francisco  for  commercial  purposes, 
whilst  the  treatise  on  Orange  insects,  by  Mr.  W.  H. 
Ashmead,  of  Jacksonville,  Florida,  U.S.A.,  shows 
that  in  the  Southern  States  the  cultivation  of  this  fruit 
has  very  greatly  increased  of  late  years,  as  we  also 
know  is  the  case  in  various  parts  of  Australia.  In 
our  article  above  referred  to  it  is  stated  that  "the 
Orange  trees  in  San  Francisco  are  suffering  '  immense 
damage  '  from  the  '  white  scale  ;  '  some  of  the  oldest 
Orange  orchards  in  the  country  are  being  topped  and 
pruned  to  such  an  extent  that  they  will  not  bear  any 
fruit  for  several  years.  In  some  cases  the  trees  are 
being  cut  down.  No  cheap  effectual  remedy  has  as 
yet  been  discovered  to  destroy  the  insect  :  it  is  stated, 
however,  that  another  insect  has  appeared  which 
preys  on  the  white  scale,  and  is  not  injurious  to  the 
Orange  tree."  This  statement  is  not  sufficiently  pre- 
cise to  allow  us  to  determine  the  latter  insect,  or  the 
species  of  scale  or  Coccus  which  is  so  injurious  to 
the  Orange,  as  it  unfortunately  happens  that  there 
are  quite  a  number  of  species  which  are  attached  to 
that  fruit  tree. 

In  the  report  published  by  Messrs.  Comstock,  Riley, 
and  Hubbard  "on  destroying  Coccidse  on  Oranges," 
published  in  iSSr  ;  in  Mr.  Fraser  S,  Crawford's 
paper  on  the  "  Round  Orange  Scale  in  Australia," 
read  before  the  South  Australian  Gardeners'  Improve- 
ment Society,  on  May  6,  1SS2,  published  at  the  Sur- 
veyor-General's Office,  Adelaide  ;  and  especially  in 
Mr.  Comstock's  Report  on  Orange  and  Lemon 
"Scales"  for  1SS3,  about  twenty  species  of  Coccidc-e  are 
enumerated,  which  attack  these  fruit  trees,  and  which 
are  referred  to  the  genera  Aspidiotus,  Chionaspis, 
Parlatoria,  Mytilaspis,  Ceroplastes,  Dactylopius, 
Icerya,  Lecanium,  and  Chrysomphalus.  These 
numerous  genera  and  species  of  Coccidse  are  infested 
and  destroyed  by  various  minute  hymcnopterous 
insects  belonging  to  the  immense  family  Chalcididse, 
and  sub-families  Aphelininse  (including  the  interesting 
little  genus  which,  years  ago,  the  writer  hereof  pub- 
lished under  the  name  of  Coccophagus),  Encyrtinae, 
as  well  as  the  still  more  minute  insects  of  the  genera 
Anaphis  and  Mymar  in  the  family  Mymaridae.  These 
little  creatures,  notwithstanding  their  exceedingly 
small  size,  are  fearful  enemies  of  the  Coccidffi,  within 
whose  bodies  they  find  their  abundant  subsistence, 
leaving  only  the  empty  shell  or  scale. 

We  have  been  indebted  to  James  W.  Gooch,  Esq., 
of  Windsor,  for  specimens  illustrating  the  history  of  a 
species  of  Mytilaspis,  which  is  parasitic  on  the  St. 
Michael's  Oranges,  often  occurring  on  the  outside  of 
the  fruit  itself  (as  is  the  habit  of  some  of  the  other 
species  which  infest  both  Lemons  and  Oranges). 

The  upper  figure  of  our  woodcut  (fig.  113,  p.  565) 
represents  the  female  Mytilaspis  (the  species  of  which 
we  are  unable  to  determine  for  want  of  specimens  not 


embedded  in  Canada  Balsam  for  microscopical  exami- 
nation), highly  magnified,  showing  the  very  minute 
pair  of  antenna;  (more  strongly  magnified  in  fig.  2) 
being  slender  and  filiform,  with  a  long  terminal 
joint ;  the  hind  part  of  the  body  is  dilated  and 
oval,  with  the  sides  of  the  segments  produced  on  each 
side  into  a  small  point,  the  extremity  of  the  body 
rounded  and  finely  serrated.  The  skin  o(  the  female 
Coccid  is  very  thin,  and  allows  the  enclosed  parasite 
to  be  distinctly  visible,  the  head  of  the  parasite  being 
turned  towards  the  posterior  extremity  of  its  prey.  In 
the  specimen  sent  by  our  correspondent,  the  parasite 
had  assumed  the  pupa  state,  the  wings  being  small 
and  rudimental,  the  pointed  extremity  of  each  being 
formed  of  the  very  elongated  hairs  with  which  the  mar- 
gins of  the  wings  are  furnished.  Fig,  3<!  represents 
one  of  the  rudimentary  fore-wings,  and  /'  one  of  the 
smaller  hind  wings,  and  c  one  of  the  middle  feet  laid 
at  rest  on  the  underside  of  the  body.  Fig.  4  repre- 
sents one  of  the  parasites  of  the  Coccus  fully  deve- 
loped, the  body  is  oval  and  flattened  (injured  ? 
by  insertion  in  the  Canada  Balsam  slide)  with  the 
wings  veinless,  except  the  basal  portion  of  the  front 
margin  of  the  anterior  pair  :  each  of  these  fore-wings 
is  fringed  with  about  fifty  very  long  and  slender 
hairs.  The  antenna  (fig.  5)  are  inserted  below  the 
front  upper  margin  of  the  head,  and  are  composed  of 
eight  joints,  of  which  the  basal  one  is  the  longest,  the 
second  shorter  and  oval,  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth 
small  and  more  slender,  and  the  sixth,  seventh, 
and  eighth  longer  and  thicker  than  the  rest.  This 
structure  indicates  the  specimen  sent  to  be  a  female. 
The  legs  are  slender,  with  five-jointed  tarsi  (fig.  6), 
the  middle  legs  not  exhibiting  the  formation  for 
leaping  displayed  in  the  middle  legs  of  the  Encyr- 
tidae.  The  natural  size  of  this  little  creature  is  repre- 
sented in  the  small  crossed  lines  in  the  middle  of 
fig.  7.  The  general  colour  of  the  insect  is  pale  buff 
or  fulvous,  but  its  immersion  in  Canada  Balsam  has 
probably  altered  its  natural  colour.  Until  more  com- 
plete materials  occur  for  systematic  identification  we 
can  only  suggest  the  name  of  M.  Michaelis  for  this 
parasite  of  the  Orange  Coccus.  /.  O.  Wesltvood. 


J-foME     ■pOF{F^E3PONDENCE. 


Spiranthes  Romanzoviana. — In  the  Garden- 
ers' C/ircnrcL- oi  iiept.  ii  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster  quotes 
from  a  letter  from  Mr.  Gumblelon,  facts  as  to  the 
ploughing  up  of  a  field  in  which  grew  Spiranthes 
Romanzoviana,  and  pathetically  alludes  to  the  pro- 
bability of  its  proximate  extinction.  In  succeeding 
issues  M.  Naudin  comes  to  its  rescue  with  advice  for 
protection  and  preservation,  apparently  overlooking 
the  fact  that  Mr.  Gumbleton's  correspondent  had  not 
been  able  to  find  it  to  preserve.  Mr.  Webster  is 
again  more  hopeful,  and  cheerfully  alludes  to  its 
probable  re-appearance.  Finally,  Mr.  Burbidge  in- 
dorses these  hopes,  and  announces  his  intention 
of  equipping  an  expedition  next  season  to  stay  the 
eviction,  and,  if  necessary,  to  reinstate  the  evicted 
one,  thereby  showing  that  even  an  Englishman  after 
a  short  residence  in  Ireland  adopts  the  popular  pro- 
gramme. It  may  interest  him  to  hear  that  news 
comes  from  a  reliable  source  that  an  expedition  for  a 
similar  purpose  is  being  planned  not  far  from  Ham- 
burgh, the  great  obstacle  to  which  is  the  railway 
taritt,  and  an  objection  strongly  characteristic  of 
Irish  "jarvies"  to  carry  "fares"  long  distances  at 
low  rates  during  the  tourist  season.  My  object  in 
troubling  you  is  to  send  you  the  enclosed  copy  of  a 
most  interesting  letter,  in  which  the  same  doubts  and 
fears  are  shown  to  have  agitated  the  minds  of  lovers 
of  British  plants  nearly  half  a  century  ago,  and  yet 
we  find  that  Spiranthes  Romanzoviana  has  been 
found  during  recent  years  in  or  about  the  same 
locality,  thereby  proving  how  "  racy  of  the  soil  "  its 
disposition  must  be,  as,  though  paying  no  rent,  and 
frequently  evicted,  each  succeeding  year  it  manages 
somehow  to  reinstate  itself.  Now  that  so  much 
attention  has  been  drawn  to  it  we  may  reasonably 
hope  that  it  will  henceforward  be  left  in  undisturbed 
occupation.  May  it  always  be  as  successful  in 
eluding  collectors  as  in  the  case  of  Mr.  Gumbleton's 
agent.    H^.  Moore. 

"  Dear  Sir, — I  am  extremely  sorry  I  was  not  aware  of 
your  desire  to  get  the  '  rarity  of  rarities,*  as  Professor 
Lindley,  of  the  Horticultural  Society,  London,  calls  the 
Neottia  gemmipira,  earlier  in  the  season,  as  I  would  have 
sent  yon  a  couple  of  specimens  alive  and  growing  in 
their  sod.  I  happen  to  have  a  few  badly  preserved  dried 
specimens,  and  I  lose  no  time  in  sending  it  to  you. 
There  is  yet  one  of  these  lovely  plants  in  full  bloom 
which  I  really  do  not  wish  to  disturb,  as  they  are  now 
become  extremely  scarce  in  consequence  of  the  field 
where  I  fouud  them  in  plentifully,  and  which  was  their 


564 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[October  30,  1886. 


principal  habitat,  has  been  dug  up  and  actually  burned, 
so  as  to  make  it  fit  to  put  Potatos  in.  This  has  given 
me  great  disappointment,  as  I  would  have  gladly  paid 
more  rent  than  the  field  was  worth  in  order  to  afford  me 
the  gratification  of  giving  these  plants  to  those  interested 
in  the  science.  Professor  Lindley,  in  his  letter,  calls  it 
Spiranthes  gemmipara.  Will  you  kindly  let  me  know  if 
he  is  right?  Mr.  Babington,  of  Cambridge  University, 
who  visited  me  last  year,  calls  it  as  you  do.  Next  year 
{D.  V.)  I  hope  to  be  able  to  send  you  some  excellent 
living  specimens.  Pardon  great  hurry,— Yours  respect- 
fully, P.  A.  A.,  Castletown,  August -ip,  1844." 

Some    time  ago  doubts  were    expressed   as 

to  whether  or  not  the  North  American  Spiranthes 
Romarzoviana  and  the  Irish  plant  of  the  same 
name  were  identical.  For  my  own  part,  I  am 
now  fully  convinced  that  they  are  one  and  the 
same,  as  a  number  of  herbarium  specimens  shown  to 
me  by  Professor  Macoun,  and  collected  by  him  on 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  as  well  as  drawings  of  the 
plant  in  flower,  clear  away  much  of  the  overhanging 
mist.  To  settle  the  question,  however,  in  the  most 
satisfactory  manner,  living  specimens  of  the  Orchid 
are  to  to  be  sent  from  their  native  habitat,  and  will  be 
planted  alongside  the  Cork  plants  in  my  garden,  so 
that  the  differences,  il  any  exist,  will  then  be  readily 
enough  detected.  The  Professor  informed  me  that  this 
pretty  Orchid  is  fairly  abundant  in  many  of  the  upland 
bogs  and  valleys,  and  that  he  has  frequently  met  with 
it  along  the  banks  of  mountain  streams,  not  actually 
in  the  dampest  soil,  but  always  where  an  abundance 
of  moisture  is  present.  To  any  person  interested  in  the 
plants  of  North  America,  Canada  in  particular,  a 
look  over  the  herbarium  specimens  just  now  exhibited 
in  the  Canada  section  of  the  Colonial  Exhibition  will 
well  repay  the  time  expended  ;  while  an  examination 
of  the  beautiful  coloured  drawings  of  Orchids  hung 
close  to  the  entrance  to  the  Albert  Hall  is  quite  a 
treat  to  the  lover  of  these  quaintly  curious  flowers. 
The  long-lost  Cypripedium  has  again  been  discovered 
by  Professor  Macoun,  and  the  illustration  and  colour- 
ing, which  I  was  told  was  faithfully  rendered  by  the 
artist,  makes  one  wish  that  it  was  more  plentiful. 
A.  D.  Webster. 

Chrysanthemums  at  Harlesden  Park.— If  the 
splendid  head  of  bloom  now  to  be  seen  in  Mr.  E. 
Sanderson's  house  at  Harlesden  Park,  Willesden,  can 
be  taken  as  a  criterion  of  the  state  of  things  generally 
among  those  who  grow  for  exhibition,  then  we  may 
anticipate  a  very  fine  exhibition  of  blooms  when  the 
November  contests  come  on.  For  a  great  number 
of  years  Mr.  Sanderson,  who  is  the  President  of  the 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society,  has  held  his  own 
in  the  contests  inaugurated  by  his  own  society,  grow- 
ing flowers  famous  for  their  superb  quality  though  not 
quite  so  large  in  size  as  those  of  some  other  growers. 
This  season,  as  he  intends  to  compete  in  the  class  for 
4S  blooms  in  24  varieties  at  the  Royal  Aquarium  show 
next  month,  he  has  grown  large  flowers,  but  they  are 
remarkably  fine,  full,  with  broad  petals  and  rich 
colours.  But  they  are  early  enough,  and  whether 
the  earlier  blooms  will  keep  until  November  10 
is  a  matter  that  will  depend  to  a  large  extent  upon 
the  character  of  the  weather.  Damp  is  the  enemy 
most  to  be  guarded  against,  and  Mr,  Sanderson  puts  on 
a  little  fire-heat,  at  the  same  time  giving  free  ventilation. 
Altogether  there  are  about  175  plants  in  a  house  20 
by  12  feet,  many  of  them  in  i6.sized  pots,  a  few  in 
24.size.  They  consist  only  of  incurved  varieties, 
about  48  being  grown  ;  no  Japanese,  pompon,  or 
reflexed  type  finds  a  place  here.  The  plants  are 
mainly  from  cuttings  struck  by  Mr.  Sanderson  ;  he 
takes  these  off  as  soon  as  the  plants  have  done  bloom- 
ing, and  roots  them  in  a  little  heat.  They  are 
ready  for  a  good  start  in  early  spring.  Here  may 
be  seen  a  wonderful  growth,  all  the  plants  of  single 
stems  looking  like  young  saplings,  and  in  such  foliage 
— large,  rich  olive-coloured  leaves  attesting  to  high- 
class  culture.  What  strikes  the  visitor  in  the  plants 
generally  is  the  massiveness  and  breadth  of  petal,  and 
in  this  respect  Mr.  Sanderson  is  in  the  front  rank  of 
cultivators.  Just  now  the  plants  are  being  treated  to 
a  mild  stimulant,  made  of  sheep's  dung  and  soot 
diluted  with  water.  Nothing  seems  to  give  greater 
pleasure  to  the  President  of  the  National  Chrysan- 
themum Society  than  to  show  his  flowers  to  any  one 
interested  in  them  ;  he  readily  imparts  information, 
and  in  the  course  of  conversation  lets  fall  many  hints 
— learned  by  observation  and  a  ripe  experience — that 
if  treasured  up  cannot  fail  to  be  of  service  to  any 
learner  willing  to  sit  at  the  feet  of  this  floricultural 
Gamaliel.   R.  D. 

Anemones  from  Seed  sovyn  ist  April  last. — 
The  flowers  sent  show  how  a  garden  can  be  lighted 
up  by  them  in  October,  In  sunshine  or  lamplight 
the  blossoms  will  open  out  wide  indoors,  and  although 
small  now  they  will  increase  in  size  with  the  approach 
of  spring,  when  they  measure  between  4  and  5  inches 
across.  St.  Bri^id.  [The  blooms,  where  bright  and  free 
from  blemish,  would  be  an  ornament  to  any  garden  at 
this  time  of  year.  By  sowing  the  seed  in  shallow 
drills,  partly  filled  with  light,  very  sandy  soil,  the 


seed  being  rubbed  and  mixed  together  with  silver-sand 
before  sowing,  plants  are  readily  raised  with  but  little 
care.     A  warm  site  should  be  chosen.   Ed.] 

Grafted  Grapes,— Herewith  I  send  a  bunch  of 
Gros  Maroc,  the  produce  of  a  Vine  under  my  care 
which  I  grafted  upon  Foster's  Seedling  as  a  stock.  I 
think  you  will  find  there  is  no  lack  of  colour  in  the 
sample  sent  ;  and  what  is  more  (if  my  taste  does 
not  deceive  me),  the  flavour,  too,  is  beyond  the 
average  for  the  kind.  The  bunch  sent  has  been  ripe 
these  two  months,  and  has  kept,  I  consider,  in  good 
condition.  Another  case  of  grafted  Grapes  came 
under  my  notice  this  summer  whilst  judging  at  a 
country  show.  In  this  instance  it  was  Black  Alicante 
grafted  upon  Black  Hamburgh  ;  the  flavour  of  the 
Alicante  was,  in  the  opinion  of  my  brother  judge  and 
myself,  much  improved  thereby.    Vitis. 

After  what  so  experienced  a  man  as  "  T,  L.," 

Oakley  Court,  Windsor,  has  said  (p.  502),  I  hardly 
care  to  follow,  but  I  think  were  he  to  see  my 
grafted  black  Grapes  on  white  Grape  stocks  he 
would  be  satisfied.  Having  three  years  since  a 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Vine  which  did  not  finish  its 
fruit  to  my  satisfaction,  I  decided  to  graft  a  Gros 
Colmar  on  it,  and  only  last  week  Mr.  Gilbert  of 
Burghley  had  a  doubt  as  to  this  graft  being  Gros  Col- 
mar it  was  so  black.  The  size  of  berries  is  also  good, 
and  the  crop  heavy.  So  much  for  this  first  experiment 
in  grafting.  Now  I  have  at  least  a  dozen  good  grafted 
canes  of  Gros  Colmar  on  Muscat,  and  shall  put  one 
on  Golden  Queen  and  on  Foster's  Seedling  next  year. 
Another  success  that  I  can  register  is  by  putting  Gros 
Maroc  on  Buckland  Sweetwater,  and  this  has  good 
results — very  good  indeed  ;  the  fruit  now  hanging  is 
very  fine,  and  the  flavour  is  very  much  improved 
thereby,  at  the  same  time  the  growth  is  very  robust. 
Alicante  grafted  on  Buckland  Sweetwater  is  good  in 
colour,  but  the  berries  are  small ;  it  is  not  an  overcrop, 
as  one  cane  carried  only  four  small  bunches.  My  ex- 
perience now  tells  me  that  the  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
stock  for  Gros  Colmar  is  very  suitable,  and  I  have 
proved  that  such  a  good  crop  cannot  be  got  from  Gros 
Colmar,  and  I  have  thirty  Vines  on  own  roots,  there- 
fore I  ought  to  know.  The  flavour  also  is  better, 
although  as  these  are  grown  in  higher  heat  than  are 
those  on  their  own  roots,  this  may,  or  rather  will 
favour  flavour.  1  expect  something  superior  from 
grafted  Golden  Queen,  as  it  grows  so  strong  here. 
My  best  Gros  Colmar  are  now  on  Muscat,  and  these 
are  so  fine  that  they  are  those  I  would  put  up  for  ex- 
hibition were  I  showing.  Size  of  bunch  is  very  much 
larger  on  Vines  so  gralted.  Last  year  (1SS5)  grafts 
are  very  strong.  I  only  had  an  odd  bunch  on 
this  time,  and  they  are  so  very  black  that  it  would 
please  me  to  see  a  house  full  of  them  as  good.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  tell  me  where  a  good  crop  of  black 
Gros  Colmar  is  to  be  seen  ?  Stephen  Castle.  West 
Lynn. 

Another  New  Grape. — A  well-known  firm  of 
nurserymen  has  announced  another  new  Grape ; 
this  time  it  is  a  white  Gros  Colmar,  which  is  said  to 
be  a  late  variety.  I  am  sure  it  would  interest  more 
gardeners  than  the  present  scribe  to  know  something 
of  its  history.  Has  it  ever  been  exhibited  at  any  of 
our  horticultural  exhibitions?  Has  it  ever  been 
before  any  of  our  Horticultural  Associations  or  Fruit 
or   Floral    Committees?     If  so,    with  what    resnlts  ? 

J.  a.  G. 

Gynerium  jubatum. — In  reply  to  your  corre- 
spondent, Mr.  Noble's,  question  on  p.  536  of  your  last 
issue,  I  beg  to  inform  him  that  there  is  undoubtedly 
a  most  distinct  and  beautiful  form  of  the  Pampas-grass 
bearing  the  name  of  Gynerium  jubatum,  which  I  be- 
lieve to  be  indigenous  to  Chimborazo,  whence  it  was 
sent  to  Europe  by  the  late  botanical  collector,  B. 
Roszl,  some  dozen  years  ago,  I  received  my  plant  of 
this  variety  about  the  year  1876  or  1877,  from  M.  Le- 
moine,  of  Nancy,  and  during  the  comparatively  mild 
winters  of  '78  and  '79  it  escaped  almost  any  injury 
from  frost,  and  grew  rapidly  into  a  fine  strong  tult, 
flowering  in  the  course  of  the  last-named  year  no  less 
thanthreetimes— in  June,  August,  and  October.  The 
form  of  the  inflorescence  is  quite  distinct  from  that  of 
any  o(  the  other  varieties  of  the  family  that  are  known 
to  me,  the  florets  falling  evenly  00  all  si:.les  of  the  stem, 
and  they  are  of  a  silky  texture  and  light  purple  shade 
of  colour,  Thesevere  winter  of  iS8o-i88l  almost  killed 
my  plant,  reducing  it  to  a  single  stem  ;  it  has,  how- 
ever, since  recovered  itself,  and  is  now  again  a  strong 
tuft.  Its  stems  are  unlortunately  very  tall  and  of  weak 
texture,  so  that  they  are  easily  broken  by  high  wind. 
Your  correspondent's  plant  cannot  be  true  to  name. 
W.  E.  Gumbleton. 

Scarlet  and  Crimson  Lilies.— Why  is  it  the 
extremely  showy  and  beautiful  species  of  Lilium, 
possessing  scarlet  and  crimson  flowers,  are  not  more 
generally  grown  ?  In  collections  we  meet  with  the 
dingy  martagons  and  the  brighter  tigrinums,  Thunber- 
gianums,  &c.,  but  very  rarely  with  the  finely  effective 


showy  scarlets.  Probably  one  reason  is  to  be  found 
in  the  fact  that  the  best  and  brightest  scarlet-flowered 
species  are  early  bloomers,  and  as  they  thus  bloom 
before  the  Lily  grounds  in  nurseries  are  worth  show- 
ing, are  generally  unseen,  and  therefore  do  not 
command  so  ready  a  sale  as  do  others,  because  they 
are  not  more  generally  known.  The  best  of  the 
scarlet  and  crimson  Lilies  have  beside  the  merit  of 
being  perfectly  hardy  border  plants,  with  one 
particular  merit  attached,  that  the  several  varieties 
commence  blooming  early  and  may  be  had  in  bloom, 
several  varieties  in  succession,  during  the  months  of 
May,  June,  and  July,  to  say  the  least.  They  comprise 
Lilium  Philadelphicum,  pomponium  verum,  which 
flowers  in  the  month  of  May  ;  Lilium  tenuifolium, 
the  fine-leaved  Siberian  species ;  and  a  dwarf 
glittering  scarlet,  which  flowers  in  the  month 
of  June ;  Lilium  chalcedonicum,  a  tall  variety, 
growing  up  to  4  feet,  or  double  the  height 
of  the  last,  having  smaller,  beautifully  reflexed 
flowers,  which  expand  during  the  month  of  July. 
Planted  four  or  five  bulbs  together,  so  as  to  form  a 
distinct  clump  when  in  bloom,  it  is  difficult  to  imagine 
showier  objects  for  addition  to  mixed  herbaceous 
borders.  Owing  to  the  dwarf  stature  of  L.  tenui- 
folium, and  its  narrow  leaves,  it  is  important  to  plant 
it  nearer  to  the  front  of  any  such  border  than  either 
of  the  two  others.  I  would  add  a  word  here  in  favour 
of  the  Tiger  Lilies,  or  the  two  varieties  named  L. 
tigrinum  flore-pleno  and  L.  splendens,  both  of  which 
succeed  admirably  in  any  ordinary  outdoor  border, 
and  where  a  moderate  amount  of  sunshine  exists. 
William  Earley. 


Market  Prices. — The  subject  started  by  Mr. 
Collins  is  one  which  has  important  horticultural  asso- 
ciations, but  its  ramifications  are  so  wide  that  in 
attempting  to  discuss  it  we  may  soon  find  ourselves 
miles  away  from  the  original  theme,  because  its  range 
is  practically  boundless.  But  Mr.  Collins  discusses 
the  matter  from  the  unfortunate  No,  I  standpoint. 
His  idea  of  prosperity  is  found  in  the  producers'  inte- 
rests, and  he  has  no  regard  for  those  of  the  consumer. 
Still  farther  his  range  of  vision  on  the  matter  of  trade 
is  bounded  by  his  own  particular  vocation  and  the 
probable  effects  of  restricted  trade  through  the  imposi- 
tion of  taxes  on  imported  commodities.  He  thinks 
nothing  of  our  vast  manufacturing  trade  so  largely 
dependent  upon  foreign  orders  ;  of  our  carrying  trade, 
and  especially  of  the  mercantile  marine,  so  largely 
dependent  upon  that  ;  of  our  vast  seaports  whose 
interests  depend  upon  foreign  trade  ;  or  of  millions  of 
people  who  exist  upon  our  foreign  trade.  All  that — 
and  its  range  is  illimitable— is  put  aside  altogether  in 
the  narrow  and  restricted  thought  which  makes  up  a 
restrictiooist's  notions  of  national  prosperity.  Why 
when  he  talks  about  our  expending  vast  sums  abroad 
on  the  purchase  of  goods  others  can  create  or  produce 
far  cheaper  than  we  can,  he  forgets  that  we  are  but 
acting  in  accordance  with  the  first  law  of  Nature,  self- 
preservation,  which  demands  that  we  shall  pur- 
chase for  the  satisfying  of  our  wants  in  the  cheapest 
and  best  markets.  If  we  can  raise  these  things  better, 
or  even  as  good  or  as  cheaply  at  home,  then  we  should 
do  so,  and  the  spirit  of  enterprise  found  in  the  nation 
will  cause  it  to  be  done.  If  it  is  not  done  we  may 
take  it  for  granted  that  it  does  not  pay,  and  that  it  is 
better  for  us  to  purchase  elsewhere.  But  then 
those  from  whom  we  purchase  find  themselves  in 
exactly  the  same  position,  and  if  they  do  not 
require  our  garden  produce  at  least  they  want  our  ores 
and  manufactures.  One  pitiable  picture  of  foreign 
workmen  as  fat  and  flourishing  whilst  our  own  are 
here  at  home  in  poverty  and  wretchedness,  is  exem- 
plified all  the  world  over,  where  people  of  other 
nations  make  the  same  complaint  of  the  incursions  of 
the  English  and  Scotch  especially.  We  employ 
foreign  workmen,  as  our  shipowners  do  Lascars,  simply 
because  too  many  of  our  people,  through  lack  of 
proper  education,  are  too  ignorant,  and  these  imported 
foreign  workmen  are  not,  or  else,  as  too  often  to  our 
humiliation  is  the  case,  our  workmen  are  too  drunken 
and  lazy.  If  our  workmen  were  as  technically  well 
educated  and  trained,  and  as  steady  and  reliable  as 
the  foreigners,  we  could  dispense  with  the  services  of 
the  latter.  The  metaphor  employed,  that  we  as  a 
nation  are  a  great  trading  firm,  is  a  very  good  one  so 
far  as  it  goes,  but  as  a  trading  firm  with  whom  are  we 
to  trade  ? — surely  not  with  ourselves,  that  is  absurd,  as 
no  firm  can  exist  by  trading  with  itself.  We  must 
have  customers,  and  we  must  reciprocally  purchase  of 
our  customers  of  their  commodities,  if  we  are  to  create 
a  prosperous  and  increasing  trade.  The  more  we  can 
raise  at  home  on  our  own  national  estate  the  more  we 
shall  have  to  exchange  for  the  productions  of  other 
nations  or  firms.  We  sell  at  a  profit,  they  sell  to  us 
at  a  profit,  and,  odd  as  it  may  seem,  yet  both  nations 
or  firms  are  mutually  enriched.  Place  obstacles  in 
the  shape  of  import  dues  in  the  way  of  this  trading, 
and  that  trade,  so  profitable  and  so  prosperous, 
mutually,  will  soon  become  ruined,  with  the  production 
of  misery  to  myriads.  Theories  of  taxation  and  trade 
as  existing  in  the  limited  imagination  of  the  fair 
traders  are  pretty,  but  impracticable.     Still  farther, 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


565 


every  one  would  6nd,  if  attempted  to  be  put  into 
practice,  that  they  would  break  down  in  every 
direction.  A,  D. 

Fruit  Trees  upon  Cultivated  Ground,  &c. — 
During  the  season  now  drawing  to  a  close  I  have 
seen  in  several  instances  how  very  much  better  Apple 
and  Pear  trees  have  cropped  upon  cultivated 
ground  than  have  others  grown  on  grasslands,  or  in 
what  are  more  properly  known  as  orchards.  Beyond 
this  I  have  particularly  noted  trees,  even  when 
grown  in  orchards,  especially  Apples,  have  produced 
crops  in  keeping  with  their  particular  healtbfulness 
even  where  many  trees  of  the  same  sort  grew  together. 
Whatever,  therefore,  may  have  been  the  actual  cause 
of  Apple  blossom  failing  so  generally  as  it  did  this 
year  certain  is  it  that  the  vigorous  health  of  individual 
trees  tended  to  avert  or  to  neutralise  the  cause  in 
great  degree.  Certain  distinct  sorts  certainly  showed 
these  peculiarities  more  than  others.  As  an  illustra- 
tion, five  6nely  headed  thrifty  young  trees,  about 
fifteen  years  old,  of  Dumelow's  Seedling  grow  in  the 
orchard  here.  One  of  these  trees,  situated,  it  is  sur- 
mised, in  somewhat  deeper  soil  than  the  others,  is  by 
comparison  very  green  and  vigorous  of  leaf.  This 
tree  gave  a  couple  of  bushels  of  fine  Apples,  whereas 
neither  of  the  other  four  produced  half  a  peck  of  fruit. 
Again,  a  sixth  tree  of  the  same  sort,  the  smallest  of 


applied.  There  are  other  means  to  fertility,  easily 
applied,  but  seldom  thought  of — artificial  manures, 
and,  failing  other  materials,  I  would  advise  all  to  give 
their  trees  some  such  assistance  about  the  month  of 
April,  if  but  in  the  form  of  sprinklings  over  the  turf 
during  showery  weather.  Depend  upon  it,  all  aids 
are  amply  repaid  by  more  and  finer  fruits.  William 
Earley,  Ilford, 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

Canadian  Fruit. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Fruit  Committee  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  was  held  at  South  Ken- 
sington on  Wednesday,  October  20,  to  examine  the 
fresh  consignment  of  Canadian  fruits  arranged  in  the 
conservatory.  Mr.  T.  Rivers  presided,  and  there  were 
present  Messrs.  J.  Lee,  S.  Hibberd,  J.  Woodbridge, 
R,  D.  Blackmore,  P.  Crowley.  J.  Willard,  Norman, 
Warren,  A.  Dean,  and  A.  F.  Barron,  Secretary ; 
some  of  the  members  of  the  Pear  Congress  Com- 
mittee being  included. 


Fig.  113.— orange  coccus,     (for  references  see  te.xt,  p.  563.) 


all,  which  I  found  when  I  took  the  orchard  had  been 

terribly  injured  by  American  blight,  grows  within  a 
vegetable  ground  enclosure.  This  tree  had  to  be 
propped  up  owing  to  the  quantity  of  fruit  it  contained. 
In  like  manner  Hawthorndens  of  various  sizes  and 
ages  produced  crops  good,  bad,  or  indifferent,  in 
perfect  accordance  with  the  health  of  the  current 
year's  foliage  and  vigour  of  the  trees  ;  and  the  same 
may  be  said  concerning  Blenheim  Orange,  Emperor 
Alexander,  &c.  Bearing  this  in  mind,  and  judging 
by  the  experience  of  the  past,  I  cannot  but  believe 
that  the  capacity  for  bearing  invariably  is  with  the 
trees  on  the  best  cultivated  land.  Is  it  to  be  won- 
dered at,  therefore,  that  dwarf  cordon  bushes, 
standards,  &c.,  generally  produce  more  regular  and 
better  crops  than  do  those  of  orchard  trees  ?  If  we 
push  this  consideration  to  its  legitimate  limits,  and  ask 
how  Currants,  Gooseberries,  Raspberries,  &c.,  would 
succeed  grown  in  grass  sward  with  only  the  natural 
unimproved  subsoil  for  the  roots  to  roam  in,  we  arrive 
at  the  conclusion  that  fruit  trees  already  existing  in 
grass  orchards  are  not  favourably  placed  for  fruitmg  well. 
To  improve  trees  in  such  places  manurings  and  mulch- 
ings should  be  liberal,  however,  and  extend  rather 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  roots,  judging  these  by  the 
spread  of  the  crown.  These  dressings  will  be  of 
benefit  at  whatever  season  applied,  though  preference 
should  be  given  to  the  month  of  February.  Ashes  of 
any  kind,  particularly  wood  ashes,  are  beneficial  to 
all  fruit  trees,  and,  considering  how  abundant  they 
are,  it  is  a  matter  of  wonder  they  are   not  oftener 


Some  seedling  Apples,  Pears,  and  Grapes  were 
submitted  to  the  committee,  but  no  Certificates  were 
awarded,  the  exhibits  being  dealt  with  simply  by 
marks.  The  full  number  was  given  to  a  very  band- 
some  Apple  of  fair  medium  size,  resembling  very  fine 
Nanny  Apples,  from  Mr.  Dempsey,  of  Ontario  j 
its  colour  was  rich,  and  flesh  so  excellent  as  to  merit 
the  highest  award.  It  is  named  Trenton  Seedling. 
A  similar  award  was  made  to  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  of 
London,  Ontario,  for  a  very  handsome  seedling  kind, 
of  beautiful  rich  colour,  and  having  soft  brisk  flavoured 
flesh.  Mr.  Hendrew,  Ontario,  showed  a  variety 
much  like  Wellington,  somewhat  speckled,  but  it 
received  only  two  marks  ;  and  the  same  award  was 
made  to  Mr.  W.  Scott,  Lambeth,  Ontario,  for  a 
striped  Apple,  much  like  Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  but 
lacking  in  quality  ;  it  is  an  exceedingly  showy  kind. 
A  complete  award  was  made  to  Mr.  Dempsey 
for  his  Dempsey  Seedling,  from  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien  x  Duchesse  d'Angoulerae — a  fine  Duchesse- 
like  fruit,  but  rather  larger,  and  having  a  brisker 
flavour.  Canadian  fruits  of  the  Duchesse  were 
tasted  for  comparison,  to  the  credit  of  Mr.  Dempsey's 
excellent  seedling.  A  couple  of  white  seedling  Grapes 
were  shown  to  the  committee,  the  best,  like  Royal 
Muscadine,  was  named  Emerald,  and  was  considered 
superior  in  flavour  to  any  other  of  the  Canadian 
Grapes  shown.  This  was  raised  by  Professor 
Saunders,  London,  Ontario.  No  award  was,  however, 
made  in  this  case.  Samples  of  Ribston  Pippin  were 
tasted,   and  whilst  the  richest   coloured   fruits  were 


inferior  to  ours  in  flavour  some  of  a  more  russetty 
nature  were  excellent.  King  of  the  Pippins,  from 
Nova  Scotia,  was  good  in  form  and  quality — about 
like  our  best  samples.  Gravenstein,  from  two 
localities,  very  fine  richly  marked  samples,  were 
rather  diverse  in  flavour,  but  both  soft  and  excel- 
lent. St.  Lawrence,  richly  striped  ;  and  Fameuse, 
deeply  coloured,  like  the  Qaarrenden,  were  fairly 
good. 

The  committee  then  inspected  the  whole  of  the 
fruits  staged,  of  which  there  were  over  2000  dishes, 
covering  two  broad  tables  the  entire  length  of  the 
conservatory,  and  finally  passed  a  hearty  Vote  of 
Thanks  to  the  Commissioners  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  and  the  various  exhibitors  for  the  splendid 
show  of  fruits  made,  and  whilst  expressing  warm 
admiration  for  the  fine  form  and  rich  colouring  found 
in  the  fruits  reserved  judgment  upon  the  special 
merits  of  kinds,  especially  as  many  had  been  gathered 
before  they  were  mature  so  as  to  enable  them  to  be 
exhibited  here  prior  to  the  close  of  the  Colonial 
Exhibition. 

The  following  collections  of  fruits  constituted  this 
remarkable  and  interesting  display  : — The  Montreal 
Horticultural  Snciely  had  a  large  collection,  mostly  of 
Apples.  The  West  Riding  Agricultural  Society  of 
Ontario,  Apples,  Pears,  and  numerous  lots  of  Grapes 
of  outdoor  growth.  The  finest  collection  of  these 
latter  fruits  came  from  Quebec,  comprising  some  150 
dishes  of  white  and  black  kinds,  many  foxy — a  general 
characteristic  of  Canadian  coloured  kinds,  some  black 
as  Sloes,  while  the  white  Grapes  were  rather  green.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  give  a  rcsum/  of  the  kinds 
shown,  but  tasting  showed  that  none  materially  ex- 
celled in  flavour  or  sweetness  our  own  best  outdoor 
Grapes.  This  collection  also  included  Apricots, 
many  Pears,  and  about  300  dishes  of  Apples. 

From  British  Columbia,  on  the  Pacific  side  of  the 
Dominion,  came  some  200  dishes,  showing  great  size, 
in  fact  the  largest  average  size  in  the  show. 

A  very  large  and  exceedingly  interesting  collection 
of  well  grown  Pears  and  Apples  came  from  the  Bay 
of  Qiiinta  Agricultural  Society.  Mr.  Dempsey  was  a 
large  exhibitor  here,  and  afforded  the  committee  much 
useful  information  respecting  the  growth  of  fruits  in 
the  Dominion.  All  trees  are  of  standard  form,  planted 
thinly  ;  in  some  cases  the  soil  beneath  is  cultivated,  in 
others  it  is  pasture.  Clay  soils  give  size,  but  tha 
richest  colour  is  found  on  uplands  well  open  to  the 
sun  and  where  naturally  well  drained. 

A  fine  lot  of  some  500  dishes  of  Apples  came  from 
Nova  Scotia,  and  some  150  dishes  from  New  Bruns- 
wick. These  two  latter  districts  seemed  to  give 
the  warmest  colour.  Of  kinds  in  fine  colour  "were 
Emperor  Alexander,  intensely  rich,  and  very  fine  ; 
Wealthy,  medium-sized,  exceedingly  handsome,  and 
red  as  Beetroot ;  Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  superbly 
striped,  and  beautiful ;  Watercore,  like  Hoary 
Morning  ;  Black  Detroit,  intensely  coloured  :  Adams' 
Pearmain,  very  richly  marked  ;  Kentish  Filbasket, 
very  fine  ;  King  of  Tomkins  County,  Cayuga 
Red  Streak,  Wellington,  Maiden's  Blush,  and 
others  too  numerous  to  mention,  but  all  very  beau- 
tiful. Good  samples  of  Vicar  of  Winkfield,  Beurie 
Clairgeau,  White  Doyenne,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme^ 
and  other  Pears,  were  shown,  but  these,  as  a 
rule,  were]  put  in  the  shade  by  the  rich  colour  of  the 
Apples.  From  the  Dominion  came  also  a  very  in- 
teresting collection  of  farm  roota,  with  huge  Pump- 
kins, corn  cobs  ripe  and  green,  and  in  considerable 
variety ;  Potatos  of  the  true  American  type,  large, 
long,  and  coarse  in  appearance  ;  Yellow  Danvers, 
and  Red  Wethersfield  Onions,  fair  samples;  Capsicums 
among  which  were  huge  red  ones,  as  big  as  Nantes 
Carrots;  gigantic  black  Aubergines, really  good  hand- 
some red  Tomatos,  Livingstone's  Favourite,  grown 
literally  anyhow  on  the  ground  without  stopping  or 
training,  and  selling  in  Canada  at  \s.  6J.  per  bushel, 
sample  equal  to  our  handsomest  ;  Carrots,  Parsnips, 
and  other  kinds. 


The  Potato,  Vegetable,  and  Chrysanthemum 
Show. 

October  26  and  27.— At  the  closing  important 
exhibition  of  the  season  the  Society  must  be  con- 
gratulated on  having  brought  together,  to  delight 
the  eyes  of  the  many  visitors  to  the  Colindries, 
one  of  the  best  shows  of  the  kind  seen  at  Ken- 
sington. If  we  may  generalise  from  the  fine  ex- 
amples of  kitchen  garden  produce  put  up  on 
this  occasion,  we  should  say  that  vegetable  growing 
is  now  much  better  understood  by  the  rank  and  file 
of  the  craft  than  it  has  hitherto  been.  The  lessons 
taught  all  classes  by  the  public  exhibitions  in  London 
and  the  counties  is  bearing  fruit,  and  gardeners  and 
amateurs  alike  set  about  their  work  with  some  more 
certain  knowledge,  based  on  scientific  research,  than 
was  formerly  considered  to  be  necessary.  We  cannot 
credit  farmyard  manure,  as  being  the  only  agent  that 
has  aided  the  soil  in  perfecting  such  fine  Leeks, 
Celery,  Carrots,  Onions,  Potatos,  &c.,  for  we  know 
that  the  various  forms  of  artificially  made  manures 
have  become  the  constant  aid,  easily  applicable  and 


566 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  1886. 


very  portable,  of  the  ordinary  grower  as  well  as  of 
the  would-be  exhibitor. 

Some  very  remarkable  specimens  of  Onions  were 
shown,  whose  excellence  is  as  much  due  to  early 
winter  or  rather  late  autumn  sowing  under  protection, 
and  subsequent  transplantation  into  rich  ground  in 
spring,  as  to  careful  selection  and  hybridising. 

In  the  floral  division,  groups  of  Chrysanthemums 
formed  the  main  feature  with  a  few  cut  blooms  of  the 
same  flower,  and  some  small  contributions  of  a  mis- 
cellaneous character. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present:  G.  F.  Wilson.  Esq.,  in  the  chairl;  and 
II.  Bennett,  W  Wilks.  W.  Bealbv.  G.  Di^ffield,  J. 
Hudson,  H.  Ilerbst,  T.  Baines,  W.  H,  Low,  \V. 
Holmes,  Hugh  Low,  H.  Ballantine,  T-  Douglas,  J. 
O'Brien,  E.  Hill,  C.  Noble,  H.  Cannell,  A.  F. 
Lendy,  A.  Perry,  M.  T.  Masters. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  were  awarded  a 
Bronze  Medal  for  two  boxes  of  cut  blooms,  arranged 
fan  fashion,  consisting  of  Japanese,  Anemone-flowered, 
and  pompons  Chrysanthemums,  amongst  the  latter  being 
Mdlle.  Elise  Durdan,  a  pretty  quilled-like  pink  flower 
of  very  regular  form.  A  good  double  white-flowered 
tuberous  Begonia,  with  a  compact  habit  of  growth 
and  very  useful  Gardenia-like  white  flowers,  was  unani- 
mously declared  by  those  who  observed  it  to  be  a  most 
useful  variety. 

Mr.  R.  Dean,  Bedfont,  showed  cut  blooms  of  seedling 
Primroses  and  Polyanthuses— very  grateful  at  this  season. 

Mr.  Stevens  showed  a  seedling  Japanese  Chrysan- 
themum of  a  rich  orange-yellow  colour,  the  petals  flat, 
and  the  centre  of  the  flower  convoluted— a  fine  thing. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  showed  some  of  his  autumn- 
flowering  Amaryllis,  viz.,  solandritolia,  with  the  leaf  of 
A.  reticulata,  but  larger— the  flowers  pale  pink,  with 
stripes  of  a  deeper  tinge  ;  Pioneer,  a  tall  spike,  sur- 
mounted with  a  crimson  flower  ;  x  Crimson  King  and 
Mrs.  Garfield,  Mrs.  W.  Lee,  Mrs.  Garfield,  Pirloti,  a 
flower  of  deep  purplish-rose,  with  reticulations  and  bands 
of  white. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Cowley,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  Studley 
House,  Goldhawk  Road,  Hammersmith,  showed  a  small 
established  plant  of  Odontoglossum  blepharicanthum, 
carrying  seven  of  its  small  flowers  of  white  with  golden- 
brown  markings  ;  and  a  nice  piece  of  Dendrobium 
superbum,  carrying  a  spike  ol  unopened  flowers,  and  one 
of  fuDy  expanded  flowers,  ten  in  number,  of  a  deep  blue- 
purple  colour. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  The  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt, 
showed  a  new  single- flowered  pillar  Rose  ;  it  is  white  in 
colour,  differing  but  little  from  the  common  Brier, 
although  it  is  said  to  be  a  hybrid  perpetual.  Some 
basketfuls  of  Erica  Maweana,  a  hardy  variety  ;  bushy, 
compact,  and  beaiing  rosy-purple  bells,  came  from 
Cheshunt, 

Messrs.  W.  Cutbush  &  Son.  Highgate,  exhibited  some 
hampers  filled  with  numerous  varieties  of  Pernettya 
mucronata,  full  of  berries  and  healthy  of  foliage. 

Mr.  H.  B.  May,  Dyson's  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton, 
showed  Pteris  Iremula  van  grandiceps,  a  variety  with 
tufted  and  slit  pinnae— as  a  variety,  worthy  of  a  place  in 
collections. 

Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Co.,  Clapton,  showed  a  plant  of 
the  yet  rare  Warscewiczella  cochlearis,  large  of  size,  with 
many  pseudobulbs,  and  but  one  bloom  ;  the  petals  are 
white  and  narrow,  sepals  greenish-white,  also  narrow, 
the  prominent  feature  being  the  lip.  which  is  large  and 
almost  quadrangular,  and  striped  and  veined  with  purple 
on  a  white  ground  colour. 

Mr.  T.  Ware,  Hale  Farm,  Tottenham,  showed  Col- 
chicum  speciosum,  Sternbergia  lutea,  SaxiJraga  Foitunei 
— this  latter  very  densely  flowered,  and  apparently  a  very 
useful  plant  for  the  cool-house  at  this  period  of  the  year. 

Mr.  Watson,  Higham  Hill,  Walthamstow,  showed 
Chrysanthemum  Golden  Luxembourg,  a  free-flowering 
yellow  pompon. 

Mr.  H.  Tomkins,  gr.  to  R.  H.  Measures,  Esq..  Cam- 
bridge Lodge,  Camberwell,  showed  Cattleya  bicolor 
marginata. 

Mr.  Parks,  gr.  to  H.  M.  Pollett,  Esq.,  Fernside,  Bick- 
ley,  showed  a  two-flowered  plant  of  Cattleya  Eldorado 
var.  virginahs,  a  white  form  with  a  yellow  staining  in  the 
throat  ;  also  Chrysanthemum  Carew  Underwood,  which 
obtained  a  First-class  Certificate  of  the  National  Chry- 
santhemum Society,  October  13  last  ;  it  is  an  orange- 
yellow  sport  from  Baron  de  Prailly. 

G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  Weybridge.  showed  Primula 
Reidi,  a  small  weak  specimen,  but  with  rare  merit  in  its 
campanulate  pure  white  flowers  ;  when  strong  and  of  a 
good  size  this  will  be  much  admired.  A  Botanical  Cer- 
tificate was  awarded  it. 

Mr.  Beckett,  gr.  to  H.  H.  Gibbs,  Esq.,  Aldenham 
Park.  Elstree,  showed  Bouvardia  Hogarth,  and  some 
plants  of  a  fine  pink-coloured  sport  from  it  named 
Blushing  Bride  ;  it  is  a  pretty  addition  to  this  class  of 
winter  flowerers. 

Herr  Max  Kolb,  Botanic  Garden,  Munich,  showed  a 
large  plant  of  Anthurium  Martianum,  having  broad 
entire  leaves  which,  together  with  the  grooved  footstalk, 
measure  4  feet  in  length. 

Mr.  D.  Kemp,  gr.  to  C.  R.  S.  Dickens,  Esq.,  Cool- 
hurst,  Horsham,  showed  some  fine  well-flowered  shoots 
of  Bignonia  Chamberlaynii,  with  primrose-coloured 
flowers, 

Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  showed  several 
new  Chrysanthemums,  of  which  Buttercup  (Salter),  a 
bright  yellow  Japanese  variety  with  reflexing  petals,  was 
considered  the  best  :  W.  Clarke  is  a  salmon-coloured 
Japanese,  and  .Mfred  Chantrier  is  a  large  sulphur-yellow. 
Rhododendron  jasminiflorum  caminatum  is  a  plant  of 
the  greenhouse  section,  with  bright  coral-red  flowers. 


Amasonia  punicea,  in  good  condition,  was  again 
brought  from  the  Chelsea  establishment.  Shoots  of  a 
very  large  fruited  Cratasgus  tartarica  came  from  the 
Coonibe  Wood  Nursery  ;  the  foUage  is  large  and  robust, 
and  the  bright  crimson  berries  are  as  large  as  Blackheait 
Cherries  ;  a  grand  addition  to  our  Thorns,  and  one 
which  will  be  figured  in  our  columns  5.hortly. 

Mr.  E.  Molyncux,  gr.,  Swanmore,  Bishop's  Waltham, 
showed  Chrysanthemum  Marie  Louise,  a  sport  from 
Bouquet  Fait,  a  white  and  mauve  Japanese  ;  and  the 
variety  Le  Triomphante. 

Mr.  George,  Putney,  showed  three  seedling  Chry- 
santhemums ;  Mr.  R.  Owen,  nurseries.  Maidenhead, 
showed  Chrysanthemum  cainatum  in  white  and  yellow  ; 
collection  of  cut  bloom  of  tuberous  Begonias,  large  and 
fine  ;  Cactus  Dahlia  marginata,  of  dark  crimson  ;  and 
blooms  of  various  sections  of  Chrysanthemums, 

R.  H.  Measures.  Esq..  showed  a  group  of  Chrysanthe- 
mum plants,  composed  mostly  of  white  Japanese  varie- 
ties and  Mrs.  G.  Rundle. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  237  and  23S,  High  Holborn, 
London,  showed  a  collection  of  their  English-grown 
Tobacco  in  a  partially  dry  condition,  and  were  awarded 
the  first  Silver  Banksian  Medal  for  the  same. 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden,  showed  a 
small  interesting  "collection  of  Tree  or  winter-flowering 
Carnations  ;  the  best  flowers — we  cannot  speak  of  the 
habits  of  the  plants — wern  Madame  Morel,  Louise  Chre- 
tien, Pitarel,  F.  Raspail,  and  Dr.  Raymond.  Other 
kinds,  well  known,  were  found  in  the  collection.  A 
Bronze  Medal  was  awarded. 

Competing  Classes  (Open)  :  Chrysanthemums. 

For  the  best  groups. — 1st,  Mr.  N.  Davi.s,  nurseryman, 
Camberwell,  a  fairly  well  made  up  group,  containing 
considerable  variety  both  as  to  colour  and  section,  but 
which  in  the  eyes  of  many  m'ght  have  been  better  ;  2d, 
Mr.  Stevens,  Putney,  as  good  a  lot,  but  the  Japanese 
formed  the  major  proportion  of  it  ;  3d,  Mr,  Townsend, 
Providence  Nursery,  Putney,  nice  plants,  but  a  smaller 
group  than  the  others. 

For  the  best  twenty-four  cut  blooms  (open). — ist,  Mr. 
Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq,,  Woodhatch  Lodge, 
Reigate,  a  stand  of  smooth,  even,  well  chosen  varieties, 
not  overgrown,  consisting  of  Phcebus,  La  Triomphante, 
Lakme,  Madame  Sevin,  Bouquet  Fait,  J.  Laing,  Criterion, 
Madame  R.  Rendatler,  Dr.  Macary,  Mons.  PVeeman, 
Comte  de  Germiny  ;  2d,  Mr.  Cole,  Wo^dside,  Bristol, 
in  whose  collection  the  finest  blooms  were  Comte 
de  Germiny,  M.  Plancheroon,  a  fine  pink  flower  ; 
Val  d'Andorre,  and  Margaret  de  Marrousch,  a  rich 
brown  gold-tipped  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Mackenzie,  Linton 
Gardens,  Maidstone,  large  flowers,  but  a  little  rough  : 
F.  A.  Davis  was  a  good  bloom.  In  this  competition  there 
were  in  all  fourteen  entries. 

First-class   Certificates. 

To  Mr.  G.  Stevens,  for  Chrysanthemum  W.  Stevens. 

To  C.  R.  S.  Dickens,  Esq.,  for  Bignonia  Chamber- 
laynii. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Rhododendron  jas- 
miniflorum carminatum. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &   Sons,  for  Cralsegus  tartaria. 

To  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
Madame  E.  Durdan. 

To  Messrs.  Laing  &  Co..  for  Chrysanthemum  Madame 
E.  Durdan. 

To  Mr.  R.  Owen,  for  Chrysanthemum  Madame  E. 
Durdan. 

To  Mr.  R.  Owen,  for  Chrysanthemum  Flambeau 
Toulousain. 

To  Mr.  F.  Davis,  for  Chrysanthemum  ^Ladame  E. 
Durdan. 

To  H.  M.  Pollett,  Esq.,  for  Cattleya  Eldorado  var. 
virginalis. 

Botanical  Certificate. 

To  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  for  Primula  Reidi. 


Fruit  Committee. 
Present:    T.  Francis  Rivers,  Esq.,  in   the  chair; 

and  Messrs.  J.  Saltmarsh,  A.  W.  Sutton,  J.  Roberts, 
J.  Woodbridge,  W.  Denny.  G.  T.  Miles,  J.  Ellam, 
C.  Silverlock,  C.  Ross,  G.  Goldsmith.  H.  J.  Veitch, 
G.  Bunyard,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  and  T.  B.  Haywood. 

The  subjects  submitted  to  the  committee  on  Tuesday 
last  were  not  very  numerous,  and  several  of  those  shown 
were  not  worthy  of  special  comment  ;  at  the  same  time, 
however,  one  or  two  exhibits  were  of  an  entirely  opposite 
quality. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  S.W.,  contributed 
an  Apple  tree  in  a  pot,  the  variety — a  new  one— being 
called  Prince  Bismarck.  The  fruit  shown  were  from 
both  indoor  and  outdoor  trees,  and  in  shape  somewhat 
resembled  Stirling  Castle,  but  rather  flatter  and  consider- 
ably larger.  Tlie  tree  shown  bore  several  very  fine  fruits, 
and  presented  a  very  attractive  appearance.  The 
committee  desired  to  see  the  fruit  again,  and  from  an  out- 
door tree. 

From  Mr.  W.  Roupell,  Harvey  Lodge,  Roupell  Park, 
came  two  good  exhibits,  consisting  of  Apple  the  Melon 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes.  The  Apple  was 
represented  by  two  trees  in  pots,  which,  however,  had 
been  grown  in  the  open,  and  were  potted  for  exhibition 
purposes.  The  trees  were  laden  with  fruit,  although  a 
few  had  fallen  off  in  transit.  This  variety  forms  good 
bush  trees  on  the  Paradise  stock,  and  is  said  to  be  a  very 
suitable  Apple  for  invalids.  The  fruits  are  very  hand- 
some, and  those  shown  very  clean  and  sound.  It  is 
claimed  for  this  variety  that  it  is  a  late  bloomer,  and  if 
so  it  would  be  a  useful  one,  as  on  that  account  it  would 
escape  the  spring  frosts.   A  Cultural  Commendation  was 


awarded  for  this,  in  conjunction  with  the  Grapes,  which 
were  of  excellent  finish  and  quality,  being  also  very  rich 
in  flavour. 

Mr.  W.  D.  Kemp,  gr.  to  R.  Scrase  Dickens,  Esq., 
Colchurst,  exhibited  a  very  good  dish  of  Apple  Holland- 
bury  ;  the  fruits  were  highly  coloured,  large,  and  clean. 
A  Vote  of  Thanks  was  awarded. 

A  similar  recognition  was  granted  to  Mr,  \V.  Divers, 
Ketton  Hall  Gardens,  for  fruits  of  Peach  Salway,  from 
trees  grown  in  a  cool-house.  The  fruits  were  of  a  rich 
golden-yellow  colour,  touched  with  red  on  one  side — 
very  pretty  fruit. 

Messrs.  Rivers  &  Sons,  Sawbridgeworth,  sent  some 
specimens  of  Plum  Wyedale.  This  is  an  oval-shaped 
purple-coloured  fruit,  of  medium  size,  and  is  a  very  late 
variety.  We  agree  with  the  committee  that  "  this  Plum 
should  be  more  generally  known,  as  it  thinks  it  is  a 
valuable  late  cooking  Plum." 

Mr.  A.  Deau.  Bedfont,  Hounslow,  contributed  some 
bunches  of  Grapes,  Black  Alicante  and  Madresfield 
Court,  which  had  been  ripened  in  the  open.  .A  good  colour 
had  been  taken  on,  but  the  berries  were  somewhat  small. 

Messrs.  J.  Backhouse  &  Sons,  York,  contributed  a 
dish  of  their  Pear  Backhouse  Beurre.  This  is  a  nice 
looking  Pear,  but  it  was  unfortunately  not  in  a  fit  con- 
dition for  the  committee  to  decide  on  its  merits.  The 
committee  a^ked  to  see  the  Pear  again. 

Mr.  Robert  Fenn,  Woodstock.  O.vford shire,  showed  a 
large  number  of  wines  made  from  Grapes  grown  in 
England  (see  p.  562). 

From  the  Society's  gardens  at  Chiswick  came  a  col- 
lection of  American  Grapes  grown  in  a  cool-house  with 
Chasselas  Rose,  which  was  also  shown.  The  following 
were  the  varieties  exhibited  : — Red  :  Jefferson.  White  : 
Pocklington,  Duchess,  Eldorado.  Lady  Washington, 
and  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps.  Black  :  Strawberry  and 
Brighton.  TJiere  is  a  very  peculiar  flavour  in  these  Grapes, 
somewhat  resembling  that  of  the  Hautbois  or  Alpine 
Strawberry,  and  that  of  some  varieties  of  Gooseberry. 
One  drawback  to  some  of  these  Grapes  is  the  sliminess 
of  the  flesh. 

Mr.  Fenn  showed  tubers  theresult  of  crossing  Solanura 
Fendleri  with  Potato  Sir  C.  Douglas,  a  new  variety 
of  Mr.  Fenn's  raising.  The  tubers,  which  seemed  to  be 
those  of  the  second  year  from  seeding,  were  purple  and 
white  and  of  a  kidney  shape.  He  also  showed  Fenn's 
Purple  Blush,  the  first  cross  effected  by  the  raiser  and 
obtained  by  crossing  Red,  x  Fenn's  Regent  and  a  black 
kidney  Potato— an  interesting  historical  illustration. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  showed  Lilliputian  Potatos, 
a  very  small  variety,  the  biggest  2^  inches  in  length,  and 
half  an  inch  in  short  diameter.  It  is  said  to  retain  its 
character  after  three  years'  trial. 


Vegetables  :  Pot.vtos. 

The  exhibition  of  Potatos  was  a  very  extensive  one, 
and  on  the  whole  good,  though  there  was  a  lack  of  that 
refinement  we  have  seen  in  previous  years.  Still  the 
noble  tuber  was  well  represented,  though  one  could  not 
but  acknowledge  that  the  white  kidney  class  was  not  so 
well  represented  as  usual.  It  was  interesting  to  note 
that  the  two  Banbury  growers — Mr.  J.  Hughes,  gr.  to 
Colonel  Cartwright,  Eydon  Hall,  Byfield  ;  and  Mr.  E.  S. 
Wills,  The  Gardens,  Edgcote  Park,  Banbury — vvere  ist 
and  2d  almost  all  through  the  classes,  the  chief  honours 
resting  with  Mr.  Hughes. 

Twelve  distinct  varieties. — In  this  class  there  were  six- 
teen collections,  Mr.  Hughes  being  ist,  with  a  nice 
clean  even  lot,  consisting  of  white  round  varieties  : — 
First  and  Best,  London  Hero,  M.P.,  and  .Sutton's  Seed- 
ling ;  white  kidneys  :  Snowdrop  and  Chancellor  ; 
coloured  rounds  :  Adirondack,  Reading  Russet,  and 
Purple  Perfection  ;  coloured  kidneys  :  Early  Purple, 
Mr.  Bresee,  and  Prizetaker.  2d,  Mr.  E.  S.  Wills,  with 
the  following  : — White  rounds  :  Abundance,  Blanchard, 
in  its  white  form  ;  Schoolmaster,  and  Sutton's  Favour- 
ite ;  white  kidney  :  Reading  Giant,  Fidler's  Prohfic,  and 
Edgcote  Seedhng  ;  coloured  rounds  :  Reading  Russet 
and  The  Dean  ;  coloured  kidneys  :  Early  Purple  and 
Crimson  Beauty.  Equal  3d.  Mr.  W.  EUington,  West 
Row,  Mildenhall  ;  and  Mr.  W.  Kerr,  Dargarvel,  Dum- 
fries. 

Six  varieties. — In  this  class  there  were  twenty-one 
competitors,  and  here  Mr.  Hughes  was  again  ist  with 
London  Hero,  Chancellor,  Sutton's  Seedling,  Reading 
Russet,  and  Purple  Perfection  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  S.  Wills, 
with  Sutton's  Favourite,  Abundance.  Snowdrop,  Blanch- 
ard, Reading  Russet,  and  Mr.  Bresee  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  W. 
Howard,  Bridge.  Canterbury,  who  had  a  very  fine  dish 
of  The  Dean.  The  competition  was  so  good  in  each  of 
the  foregoing  classes,  that  six  prizes  at  least  should  be 
offered  in  each. 

Special  Prizes  tor  Potatos. 

Then  followed  a  number  of  special  prizes,  offered  by 
some  of  the  leading  seed-houses  and  others,  as  follows  : 
— By  Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.,  238,  Holborn,  W.C, 
for  the  best  four  dishes  of  Potatos,  to  comprise  Ashtop 
Fluke,  Sukrita,  Village  Blacksmith,  and  Cetewayo,  the 
last  a  long  black  Potato,  thin,  ugly,  and  practically  use- 
less. Mr.  J.  Gilbert,  Brookland,  Freshwater,  Isle  of 
Wight,  was  ist  ;  Mr.  P.  A.  Beckett,  Cole  Hatch  Farm, 
Amersham,  2d  ;  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  W. 
P.  Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher,  3d  ;  and  Mr.  W.  Jacob, 
Pound  Street,  Petworth,  4th.  The  quality  of  the  tubers 
shown  in  this  class  was  generally  poor. 

Mr.  C.  Fidler,  Potato  grower,  Friar  Street,  Reading, 
offered  special  prizes  for  nine  dishes,  to  iuclude  Reading 
Giant.  Snow  Queen,  and  General  Gordon — new  varieties 
sent  out  by  Mr.  Fidler.  Here  Mr.  E.  .S.  Wills  was  ist, 
having  fine  tubers  of  London  Hero,  Abundance,  Snow 
tjueen.  General  Gordon,  white  rounds  ;  Reading  Giant 
and  Chancellor,  white  kidneys ;  Adirondack  and  Read- 


October  30,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


567 


ing  Russet,  coloured  rounds ;  and  Edgcote  Purple, 
coloured  kidney.  2d,  Mr.  J.  Hughes,  with  Snow  Queen 
General  Gordon,  and  London  Hero,  white  rounds  ; 
Snowdrop,  Chancellor,  and  Reading  Giant,  white 
kidneys  ;  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Reading  Russet,  and  Mr. 
Bresee.  3d,  Mr.  G.  Allen,  gr.  to  Sir  Francis  Burdett, 
Birt.,  Ramsbury  Manor,  Hungerford  ;  4th,  Mr.  W. 
Kerr.     There  were  six  competitors  in  this  class. 

Also  for  six  dishes,  to  include  General  Gordon,  Perfec- 
tion, and  Bountiful— the  I  two  last  also  distributed  by 
Mr.  Fidler.  Mt.  J.  Hughes  was  ist  with  London  Hero, 
Sutton's  Perfection,  Snowdrop,  Reading  Giant,  Reading 
Russet,  and  Crimson  Beauty.  2d,  Mr.  E.  S.  Wills,  with 
Fidler's  Perfection,  Abundance,  Reading  Giant,  Reading 
Russet,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  and  Mottled  Beauty  (Wills), 
a  very  distinct  looking  kidney,  mottled  with  dark  purple 
— handwme  and  promising.  3d,  Mr.  C.  Ross,  gr.  to 
G.  B.  Eyre,  Esq.,  Welford  Park,  Newbury;  4th,  Mr. 
G.  Allen.     There  were  five  competitors  in  this  class. 

Also  for  three  dishes,  to  include  General  Gordon,  Per- 
fection, and  Bountiful  ;  and  here  Mr.  Wills  was  ist,  Mr. 
Hughes  2d,  and  Mr.  G.  Allen  3d.  These  were  the 
only  competitors. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  seedsmen,  Reading,  offered 
prizes  for  the  best  dish  of  Sutton's  Seedling  and  one  of 
Sutton's  Abundance  ;  and  here  Mr.  Wills  w.os  ist,  with 
very  fine  examples  indeed  ;  Mr.  Hughes  being  a  good 
2d,  and  Mr.  E.  Chipping,  Periwinkle  Mill,  Milton, 
Sittingbourne,  3d.     There  were  nine  competitors. 

They  also  offered  prizes  for  nine  varieties,  selected 
from  twenty-one  varieties  this  firm  has  put  into  commerce. 
Seven  prizes  were  offered,  and  there  were  eleven  com- 
pjtitors.  Mr.  Hughes  was  lit  with  Favourite,  Abun- 
dance, Lady  Truscott,  Early  Regent,  Sutton's  Seedling. 
Woodstock  Kidney,  Readmg  Russet,  Prizetaker,  and 
Reading  Ruby— a  very  fine  lot  indeed  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  S. 
Wills,  with  Favourite,  Sutton's  Seedling,  First  and 
Best,  Early  Regent,  Abundance,  Woodstock  Kidney, 
Reading  Russet,  Prizetaker,  and  Reading  Ruby  ;  3d, 
Mr.  E.  Chopping  ;  4th,  Mr.  G.  -Mien. 

Non-Competing  Exhibits. 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  showed,  not  for  compe- 
tition, an  extensive  and  thoroughly  representadve  collec- 
tion of  Potatos,  arranged  in  groups,  in  all  some  140 
dishes  ;  the  groups  including  varieties  sent  out  by 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  ;  the  best  English  varieties  for 
exhibition,  the  bsst  (or  flavour,  also  seedlings  not  yet 
in  commerce  and  shown  under  number.  This  was  a 
highly  meritorious  exhibit.  A  Silver-gilt  Medal  was 
awarded. 

From  the  gardens  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
came  a  collection  of  over  fifty  dishes  of  choice  varieties 
tried  during  the  past  season. 

Messrs.  Charles  I^ee  &  Son,  nurserymen.  Hammer- 
smith, had  a  small  collection  of  seedling  and  named 
varieties. 

Mr.  Robert  Fenn,  The  Cottage  Farm,  Sulhamstead, 
had  a  collection  of  twenty-seven  dishes  for  garden  cul- 
ture, including  his  earliest  and  latest  varieties— a  very 
interesting  lot  indeed. 

Mr.  C.  Fidler,  Potato  grower,  Reading,  had  a  very 
fine  representative  collection  also,  composed  of  some 
hundred  dishes,  shown  in  the  best  form. 

Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.  had  a  capital  collection 
of  about  sixty  dishes,  and  a  box  of  their  Liliputian  varie- 
ties— toy  Potatos,  that  will,  no  doubt,  be  of  great  value 
in  some  undiscovered  Liliput,  but  we  fear  they  will  be  of 
but  small  service  in  the  present  day.  Awards  were 
made  to  most  of  the  foregoing  collections. 
Celery. 
The  finest  six  heads  came  from  Mr.  W.  Pope,  gr.  to 
Earl  Carnarvon,  Highclere  Castle  Gardens,  Newbury, 
in  a  competition  of  twenty-five  lots,  all  of  which  were 
good.  The  variety  securing  the  ist  prize  was  Wingrove's 
Aylesbury  Prize  Red,  and  the  samples  shown  fully  sus- 
tained its  reputation.  Major  Clark's  Red,  shown  by 
Mr.  R.  Timbs,  Tyler's  Green,  Amersham,  was  awarded 
the  2d  prize  ;  and  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards,  gr.  to  Lord 
Normanton,  Somerley,  Ringwood,  gained  the  3d  place 
with  Standard  Bearer. 

Parsnips. 
The  competition  in  this  class  was  even  greater  than 
that  in  the  preceding  one,  there  being  twenty-seven 
exhibitors,  and  it  is  almost  unnecessary  to  say  some 
magnificent  roots  were  shown.  Mr.  W.  Meads,  gr.  to 
Viscount  Harrington,  Beckett  Park,  Shrivenham,  was 
awarded  the  premier  prize  for  fine  samples  of  Sutton's 
Student,  which  were  clean  and  very  solid.  Mr.  Palmer, 
gr.  to  W.  F.  Dick,  Esq.,  Thames  Ditton  House.  Thames 
Ditlon,  obtained  the  2d,  with  good  roots  of  Elcombe's 
Improved  ;  and  Mr.  G.  Bloxham,  gr.  to  Sir  P.  Duncan, 
Bart.,  secured  the  3d,  with  very  creditable  simples  of 
Maltese. 

Cakrots. 
Ml.  J.  Neighbour.  Bickley  Park  Gardens,  Chislehurst, 
staged  Sutton's  New  Intermediate,  and  secured  the 
highest  award.  They  have  good  clean  roots,  worthy  of 
the  award.  Mr.  W.  Robins,  gr.  to  E.  D.  Lee,  Esq., 
Heartwell  House,  Aylesbury,  came  2d,  with  samples  of 
the  same  variety,  but  very  little  inferiar  to  those  of  the 
1st  prize  lot.  Mr.  J.  Baker,  Bampton,  Oxfordshire,  was 
3d.  There  were  thirty-six  competitors  in  this  class, 
being  the  highest  of  any.  A  very  grand  show  of  Carrots 
was  made  by  all  the  competing  lots  taken  together, 
indeed  we  did  not  notice  any  that  were  not  worthy 
samples. 

Turnips. 
A  display  of  these  such  as  we  do  not  often  see  was 
made  by  thirty-five  exhibitors.  Mr.  J.  May,  gr.  to 
Captain  Le  Blanc,  Nortliaw  House,  Barnet,  received  the 
1st  prize  for  a  splendid  dish  of  Snowball  ;  the  roots  were 
sound  and  thoroughly  solid,  although  large.     Mr.  E.  S, 


Wills,  gr.  to  R.  A.  Cartwright,  Esq.,  Edgcote,  Ban- 
bury, followed  closely  upon  Mr.  May,  wiih  a  dish  of 
Early  Six  weeks.  Mr.  G.  Bloxham,  with  Early  Snow- 
ball, was  placed  3d  ;  this  was  a  very  good  lot  also. 

Onions. 

The  ist  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  W.  Finlay,  gr.  to 
Lord  Sondes,  Lees  Court,  Faversham,  for  a  dish  of 
bulbs  far  outdistancing  his  twenty-five  fellow-competitors  ; 
one  bulb  was  of  great  size.  The  variety,  a  cross  between 
the  white  Spanish  and  Portugal,  was  called  Shedwick 
Onion.  It  is  quite  new,  and  Mr.  Deverill  has  purchased 
the  stock.  The  2d  was  taken  by  Mr.  G.  Neal,  Bampton, 
Oxon,  for  very  fair  examples  of  DeveriU's  Anglo  White 
Spanish.  Mr.  S.  Haines,  gr.  to  Earl  Radnor,  Coleshill 
House,  Highworth,  was  3d,  with  Wroxton,  also  one  of 
Deverill's  Onions. 

Brussels  Sprouts. 

Mr.  Finlay  also  received  the  ist  prize  here  for  a  good 
dish  of  Wroxton.  The  justice  of  this  award  was  self- 
evident.  Mr.  R.  Lye,  Sydmonton  Court  Gardens,  New- 
bury, was  2d,  with  good  examples  of  Aigburth  :  these 
were  very  solid  and  large  Mr.  W.  Pope  was  3d. 
There  were  twenty-seven  exhibitors  in  this  class. 

Beets. 
Out  of  thirty-two  lots  shown,  that  of  Mr.  j.  Neigh- 
bour received,  and  justly,  the  ist  prize.  The  roots  were 
very  clean,  solid,  and  large,  greatly  resembling  Framp- 
ton's  Exhibition  Beet.  Mr.  C.  \.  Waite,  gr.  to  Colonel 
Talbot,  Glenhurst.  Esher,  was  2d,  with  very  good 
samples  of  Pragnell's  Exhibition  Beet.  The  3d  prize 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  S.  Haines,  for  good  roots  of  Pine- 
apple, which,  unfortunately,  had  no  top  to  speak  of. 

Cauliflowers. 
Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to  VV.  H.  Long,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood 
Ashton  Park,  'Trowbridge,  staged  the  finest  lot  here. 
The  variety  was  Autumn  Giant ;  these  heads  were 
very  solid,  compact,  and  very  white.  Tliere  were 
other  heads  larger  but  not  so  good.  Mr.  G.  T. 
Miles,  gr.  to  Lord  Carringlon,  Wycombe  Abbey,  High 
Wycombe,  was  2d,  with  heads  hardly  inferior  to  the 
ist  prize  lot.  Mr.  W.  Meads  was  awarded  the  3d  prize 
for  good  heads,  which,  however,  were  rather  old.  There 
were  twenty-eight  exhibitors  in  this  class. 

Leeks. 
Mr.  G.  T.  Miles  was  the  leading  exhibitor  here,  show- 
ing a  very  fine  lot,  very  thick,  and  conveniently  long. 
The  variety  was  The  Lyon  ;  also  good,  but  rather 
smaller,  were  those  staged  by  Mr.  C.  Ross,  gr.  to  G.  B. 
Eyre,  Esq.,  Welford  Park,  Newbury,  .'^yton  Castle  Giant 
being  the  name  of  the  variety.  The  3d  prize  was  taken 
by  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  with  good  bulbs  of  Sutton's  Prize- 
taker,  a  variety  of  a  longer  growth  than  the  other  two 
mentioned.     Phere  were  eighteen  exhibitors. 

Tomatos. 

Mr.  R.  Farrance,  Chadwell  Heath,  Essex,  staged  the 
finest  dish  of  Trophy  Selected,  a  very  good  lot,  the  fruits 
being  very  clean,  sound,  and  large.  The  2d  prize  was 
awarded  to  Mr.  F.  Hughes,  gr.  to  J.  Smith.  Esq.,  Wal- 
lington,  for  a  good  dish  of  Reading  Perfection  ;  and  Mr. 
W.  Meads  made  a  close  3d  with  very  well  grown  fruits. 
In  this  class  there  were  also  eighteen  lots  staged  for 
competition. 

Collections. 

One  of  the  finest  displays  of  collections  of  vegetables 
was  that  brought  forward  by  the  prizes  offered  for 
competition.  There  were  nineteen  separate  collec- 
tions, all  of  good  quality,  and  those  exhibitors  who 
won  the  awards  staged  vegetables  fully  worthy  of  such 
recognitions.  The  most  successful  exhibitor  was  Mr. 
G.  T.  Miles,  whose  collection  of  eight  kinds  attracted 
general  attention.  The  following  vegetables  comprised 
this  lot  : — Celery  :  Leicester  Red  ;  Brussels  Sprouts  : 
Imported  ;  Tomato  :  Stamfordian  ;  Cauliflower  :  Veitch's 
Autumn  Giant ;  Onion  :  Cuves  Pinesfield  ;  Carrot  : 
Sutton's  New  Intermediate  ;  Leek  :  The  Lyon  ; 
Potato ;  Chancellor.  Mr.  J.  Neighbour  was  2d,  with 
also  a  very  fine  lot,  consisting  of — Pea  ;  Ne  Plus 
Ultra  :  Sprouts  :  Pragnell's  Exhibition  ;  Broccoli  : 
Sutton's  Michaelmas  White  ;  Carrot  :  Sutton's  -Mew 
Red  Intermediate  ;  Mushrooms;  Potato:  Vicar  of  Lale- 
ham ;  Onion  :  White  Globe  ;  and  Tomato  :  Reading 
Perfection.  The  3d  prize  w.as  awarded  to  Mr.  S.  Haines, 
whose  finest  items  were — Cauhflower  ;  Autumn  Giant  ; 
Parsnip  :  Student  ;  Leek  :   Phe  Lyon. 

Special  Prizes.— Mr.  Deverill's. 
For  a  collection  ot  Onions  of  six  of  each  of  the  follow- 
ing varieties  ; — Deverill's  Rousham  Park  Hero,  Deverill's 
Anglo  White  Spanish,  Deverill's  Main  Crop,  and 
Finlay's  The  Wroxton.  There  were  seven  exhibitors, 
and,  in  a  keen  competition,  Mr.  H.  Wingrove,  gr.  to 
R.  W.  Byass,  Esq.,  Rousham,  Steeple  Aston,  Oxon, 
was  awarded  the  ist  prize,  for  a  most  creditable  lot,  of 
handsome  appearance  and  great  worth.  A  good  2d  was 
made  by  the  collection  of  Mr.  ].  Bunney,  Danny 
Hassocks,  Sussex  ;  Mr.  T.  Doherty,  gr.  to  Lord  North, 
Wroxton  Abbey,  Banbury,  and  Mr.  E.  S.  Wills  were 
respectively  3d  and  4th,  both  exhibitor's  collections  being 
very  good  in  all  respects. 

Sutton  &  Sons :  Celery. 
For  the  best  three  sticks  of  Sutton's  White  Gem  there 
were  fifteen  competitors,  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards  showing 
the  best,  and  receiving  the  highest  award  ;  his  sticks 
were  of  first-rate  quality,  but  he  was  closely  followed  by 
Mr.  C.  Osman,  South  Metropolitan  District  Schools, 
Sutton,  and  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  who  were  respectively 
2d  and  3d. 


Beet. 

For  Sutton's  Dark  Red  there  were  two  more  exhibitors 
than  for  Celery,  viz.,  seventeen.  Mr.  J.  C.  Waite  was 
to  the  fore  here  with  highly  creditable  roots  ;  Mr.  ]. 
Hughes  was  2d,  also  with  very  good  roots  ;  and  Mr. 
G.  T.  Miles  was  3d. 

Carrots. 

This  class  brought  a  great  number  o(  competitors,  as 
nuny  as  twenty-nine  lots  entering  the  competition, 
which  seems  to  have  been  expected,  as  four  prizes  were 
oflered  in  the  schedule.  The  prizes  were  offered  for 
New  Red  Intermediate,  which,  judging  from  the  samples 
staged,  is  a  very  good  variety  for  exhibition  purposes. 
Mr.  I-  Neighbour  was  ist,  Mr.  W.  Robins  a  close  2d, 
and  Mr.  G.  H.  Richards  was  3d,  while  4th  was  awarded 
to  Mr.  J.  Baker,  all  being  very  close  on  each  other. 

Leeus. 

Prizetaker  was   the  variety,    and  a  dozen  lots  were 

staged,  making  a  good  show  ;  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  Mr.  G- 

T.    Miles,    and    Mr.    J.    Spottiswoode,    Queen's    Park, 

Brighton,  gaining  the  "prizes  in  the  order  of  their  names. 


Mr.  R.  Lye  had  the  best  dish  of  Student  Parsnip 
among  twenty-one  lots  staged,  and  was  followed  by 
Mr.  G.  H.  Richards  and  Mr.  S.  Haines,  who  were  2d 
and  3d  respectively.  The  ist  prize  lot  was  specially  fine, 
and  luUy  merited  the  award. 

Miscellaneous. 

From  Mr.  Deverill,  Banbury,  crme  an  extensive  and 
interesting  collection  of  various  veg.-tables,  comprising 
several  of  his  specialties.  Among  others  were  Onions, 
Anglo  White  Spanish,  Rousham  Park  Hero,  Improved 
Wroxton,  Main  Crop,  &c.  ;  the  Wroxton  Sprout,  the 
Middleton  Favourite  Beet,  Ne  Plus  Ultra  B.;an,  Early 
Scarlet  Horn  Carrot,  and  Wingrove's  Prizi  Red  Celery. 
We  have  spoken  minutely  of  all  these  before,  conse- 
quently we  merely  mention  them  now. 

Mr.  A.  Miller  staged  a  collection  ot  Onions  comprised 
of  the  above-mentioned  varieties. 


EXETER  APPLE  AND  PEAR  SHOW. 

Tins  exhibition  took  place  on  October  2t 
and  22,  and  was  held  in  the  Fore  S'reet  Mrrket  as 
usuil.  The  building  had  been  so  transformed  by 
drapery,  evergreens,  &c.,  that  no  one  could  imagine 
they  were  parading  a  busy  provision  market,  so 
eleginlly  and  tastefully  had  the  dicora'.ions  been 
earned  out.  Plants  for  the  decora' ijn  of  the  fruit- 
tabhs  were  kindly  lent  by  Messrs.  Vcitch  &  S™  and 
Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.,  both  of  Exeter.  The 
number  of  entries  was  more  numerous  than  on  any 
previous  occasion,  as  many  as  fifty  late  entries  being 
refused.  The  difierent  counties  of  Devon,  Kent,  Corn- 
wall, Hereford,  Somerset,  and  Dorset,  were  repre- 
sented by  some  ninety  exhibitors,  their  produce  being 
a  belter  average  as  regards  size  and  quality  of  the 
fruit  than  last  year,  but  deficient  in  colour.  The 
Kent  fruit  took  the  lead  in  most  of  the  open  classes ; 
Hereford,  taking  up  a  better  position  than  last  year, 
carried  off  many  second  honours,  while  the  home 
county,  which  excelled  last  year,  was  obliged  to  be 
content  with  third  place.  Devonshire  has  suffered 
much  from  excessive  drought  during  the  past  year, 
which  accounts  for  the  lack  of  size  of  fruit,  but  the 
absence  of  colour  seems  general  with  all.  The  English 
grown  fruit  was  supplemented  by  a  collection  o( 
Canadian  fruit  sent  by  Mr.  Starr,  some  of  remarkable 
size  and  colour,  the  flavour  of  some  varieties  excelling 
English  fruit,  at  the  present  time  being  quite  one 
month  ahead  by  its  degree  of  ripeness,  but  there  is  no 
doubt  our  English  grown  fruit  is  the  best,  having  a 
longer  period  for  ripening. 

Pears  were  fair  on  the  whole,  and  the  various  classes 
strongly  contested,  many  kinds  being  much  smaller 
than  usually  shown,  owing,  no  doubt,  to  the  immense 
crops  everywhere  this  past  season. 

Since  the  commencement  of  the  annual  exhibitions, 
now  in  their  third  year,  the  exhibits  have  steadily  im- 
proved in  selection  and  cleanliness.  Apples  were  of 
a  more  uniform  size  than  last  year,  showing  a  better 
average,  though  many  varieties  were  exhibited  last 
year  much  finer,  and  the  colour  was  grand.  The 
newer  varieties  of  merit  have,  by  the  aid  of  this  and 
kindred  societies,  found  their  way  into  almost  every 
collection  staged,  which  indicates  that  some  good  and 
useful  work  is  being  done  ;  and  no  doubt  much  more 
will  be  done  by  this  Society,  conducted  as  it  is  by  a 
very  energetic  secretary  and  treasurer,  ably  assisted  by 
a  good  practical  committee. 

Apples. 
Twenty-four  dishes,  distinct.— Messrs.  Bunyard,  of 
Maidstone,  Kent,  were  awarded  1st,  for  an  excellent 
collection,  of  large  size  and  clean  fruit,  of  the  follow- 
ing varieties:  —  Gloria  Mundi,  Beauty  of  Kent, 
Grenadier,  Reinette  du  Canada,  Pott's  Seedling,  Lord 
Suffield,  Tower  of  Glamis,  Stirling  Castle,  New  Haw- 
thorden,  Ecklinville,  Alexander,  very  fine,  and  highly 
coloured ;  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Warner's  King, 
Stone's,  Tibbet's  Pearmain,  Lady  Henniker,  Cox's 
Pomona,  Gospatric,  Saltmarsh's  Queen,  Golden  Noble, 
Lord  Derby,  Meloa  Apple,  Cellini,  and  Lane's  Prince 


568 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  18 


Albert,  zd,  Mr.  Watkins,  Pomona  Farm,  Withing- 
ton,  Hereford,  also  with  a  very  clean  lot,  his  best 
being  Striped  Beeffing,  green  and  red  Costards,  Mere 
de  Menage,  lilenheim  Orange,  Yorkshire  Beauty, 
Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Winter  Nonsuch,  &c.  3d, 
Mr.  C.  Sclater,  Heavitree,  Exeter,  who  followed 
closely. 

Twelve  dishes,  distinct.— Again  Messrs.  Bunyard 
came  to  the  front  with  a  splendid  lot — Lord  Derby, 
Warner's  King,  Stone's,  Saltmarsh's  Green,  and  Alex- 
ander being  especially  line.  Mr.  Watkins  followed 
closely  with  good  fruit.  3d,  Mr.  H.  Berwick,  Sid- 
mouth  Nurseries. 

Twelve  dishes,  dessert. — 1st,  Messrs.  Bunyard, 
whose  collection  comprised  the  following  : — Cox's 
Orange  Pippin,  Melon  Apple,  Lady  Henniker,  Here- 
fordshire Crimson  Queening,  Ribston  Pippin,  Worces- 
ter Pearmain,  King  of  the  Pippins,  Wealthy,  Blen- 
heim Orange,  Colonel  Vaughan,  Washington,  and 
Cellini ;  this  latter  is  generally  considered  a  culinary 
Apple.  2d,  Mr.  C.  Sclater,  whose  collection  was 
excellent  also  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Scott,  Merriott. 

Twelve  culinary,  distinct. — 1st,  Messrs.  Bunyard, 
with  several  fine  dishes,  the  best  being  Stirling 
Castle,  Stone's  Gloria  Mundi,  Lord  Derby,  Beauty 
of  Kent,  Saltmarsh's  Queen,  Warner's  King,  New 
Hawthornden,  Cox's  Pomona,  Ecklinville,  Alex- 
ander, and  Lsne's  Prince  Albert  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Watkins; 
3d,  Mr.  D.  C.  Powell,  Powderham,  Kenton.  Exeter. 
Nine  dishes,  dessert,  distinct  (prizes  olTered  by 
Messrs.  Bunyard).  —  1st,  Mr.  C.  Sclater,  in  whose 
collection  were  staged  some  capital  fruit  —  Red- 
ribbed  Greening,  a  handsome  and  good  flavoured 
variety — a  Devonshire  variety.  Royal  Somerset, 
Blenheim  Orange,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Cornish 
Aromatic,  and  Gilliflower,  Ribston,  King  of  the 
Pippins,  and  Court  Penduplat.  2d,  Mr.  W.  Berwick. 
Twelve  varieties  cider  fruit,  distinct. — ist,  Mr. 
E.  P.  Uglow ;  2d,  Mr.  Garland,  gr.  to  Sir  T.  D. 
Acland  ;  3d,  Mr.  B.  Sailer. 

Eighteen  dishes,  distict  (for  private  growers). — Ist, 
Mr.  G.  Brooks,  gr.  to  A.  Vaughan  Lee,  Esq.,  Dil- 
lington  Park,  Ilminster,  whose  best  dishes  were 
Alexander,  Beauty  of  Wilts,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch, 
Royal  Somerset,  Royal  Russet,  Cellini,  Alfriston, 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Mere  de  Menage,  Lady  Hen- 
niker, and  Warner's  King  ;  2d,  Mr.  Garland,  whose 
Blenheim  Orange,  Cox's  Pomona,  and  Mere  de 
Menage  were  good  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Slee,  gr,  to  E.  V. 
Hawkins,  Esq.,  Edgerton  Park. 

Nine  dishes,  dessert,  distinct. — Ist,  Mr.  G.  Brooks, 
whose  collections  included  several  unknown  varieties 
very  similar  to  each  other ;  2d,  Mr.  Garland,  who 
staged  well,  his  best  being  Alexander  Russet,  Blen- 
heim Orange,  fine  colour  ;  King  of  the  Pippins. 

Nine,  culinary.  —  Ist,  Mr.  A.  Truman,  Countess 
Weir,  Topsham,  with  some  excellent  fruit  of  Dume- 
low's  Seedling,  very  fine  ;  Gloria  Mundi,  Alfriston, 
Warner's  King,  Blenheim  Orange,  Ecklinville,  Golden 
Noble,  Flower  of  Kent,  Hollow  Core,  and  Beauty  of 
Wilts  ;  2d,  Mr.  A.  C.  Williams,  gr.  to  W.  C.  Sim, 
Esq.,  Clyst  St.  George. 

Nine  dishes,  distinct. — Ist,  Mr.  J.  Baker,  gr.  to 
Mrs,  Rowe,  Lafronda,  Exeter  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Blythe, 
Ide  ;  3d,  Mr.  P.  Slade,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Cocks,  Esq., 
Broadclyst, 

Single  Dishes. 
One  dish  of  Apples,  by  Devonshire  cottagers. — 
Twenty-five  competitors.  Ist,  Mr.  J.  Hitchcot, 
Sowton.  with  Blenheim  Orange  ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  Gib- 
bings,  Topsham,  with  Warner's  King,  very  fine ;  3d, 
Mr.  S.  Steer. 

Single  dish,  best  flavour. — 1st,  Miss  Matthews, 
Crediton,  with  Cox's  Orange  Pippin ;  2d,  Messrs. 
Bunyard,  same  variety. 

Heaviest  dish. — 1st,  Mr.  W.  Blackmore,  with 
Warner's  King,  the  heaviest  fruit  weighing  i  lb.  6  oz. 
and  5  drms. ;  Messrs.  Bunyard  being  2d,  with  the 
same  variety  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Powlesland,  gr.  to  C.  J. 
Luscombe,  Esq.,  Hill's  Court,  3d. 

Alfriston.  —  1st,  Mr.  G.  May,  Topsham, 
Blenheim  Orange. — Twenty-eight  eompetitors.    Ist, 
Mr.  J.  Beer,  Cullompton. 

Golden  Noble. — Seven  competitors,  Ist,  Mr, 
D.  C.  Powell. 

Lord  Suffield. — Twelve  competitors,  1st,  Messrs. 
Bunyard. 

Old  Hawthornden. — Six  competitors.  1st,  Mr.  J, 
Fryer,  who  staged  Dumelow's  Seedling,  and  over- 
looked by  the  judges. 

Warner's  King. — Twelve  competitors.  Ist,  Mr. 
W.  Blackmore. 

Dumelow's  Seedling.  —  Twenty-one  competitors. 
1st.  Mr.  A.  Truman. 

Any  other  culinary. — Thirty-one  competitors.  Ist, 
Mr.  G.  Brooks,  with  a  fine  dish  of  Peasgood's  Non- 
such ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Salway,  gr.  to  C.  R.  Collins,  Hele, 
with  Alexander. 

Cornish  GilliBower. — Twenty  competitors.  Ist, 
Mr.  W.  R.  Baker,  gr.  to  Rev.  P.  L.  D.  Acland. 

Court  Pendu-plat.— Nine  competitors.  Ist,  Mr. 
C.  Sclater. 

Cox's  Orange  Pippin. — Twenty-four  competitors. 
1st,  Messrs.  Bunyard. 


Gravenstein, — Seven  competitors.  ist,  Mr.  J, 
Stenner. 

King  of  the  Pippins. — Seventeen  competitors.  Ist, 
Messrs.  Bunyard. 

Margil.  — Nine  competitors.  Ist,  Mr.  J.  Mogridge, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Ord,  Topsham. 

Mere  de  Menage. ^Four  competitors.  Ist,  Mr.  J. 
Searle,  Crediton. 

Ribston  Pippin. — Thirty  competitors.  1st,  Messrs. 
Bunyard. 

Any  other  dessert. — Forty-three  competitors.  Ist, 
B.  C.  Gidley,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk,  Exeter,  with 
Gidley's  Pearmain,  one  of  his  own  raising  ;  2d,  Mr. 
J.  Hall,  Bridge  Mills,  Cullompton,  with  Adam's 
Pearmain. 

Pears. 

Twelve  dishes,  distinct. —  Eight  competitors.  Here 
again  Messrs.  Bunyard  took  the  lead,  showing  re- 
markably well.  The  varieties  consisted  of  Beurre 
Clairgeau,  Beurre  Diel,  Durondeau,  Catillac,  Beurre 
Bachelier,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Doyenne  du  Comice, 
Marie  Louise  d'Uccle,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Beurr^ 
Superfin,  Beurre  d'EcuIly,  and  Grosse  Calabasse. 
Mr.  Garland  was  a  good  2d,  having  Pitmaston 
Duchess,  fine  ;  Beurre  Bosc,  Bon  Cure,  and  Winter 
Nelis,  extra  good.     3d,  Mr.  C.  Sclater. 

Six  dishes,  distinct. — Seventeen  competitors.  Ist, 
Mr.  R.  Salter,  gr.  to  J.  Carver,  Esq.,  Chilton  Polden, 
with  Marechal  dela  Cour,  Beuri^  Ranee,  Louise  Bonne 
of  Jersey,  Doyenne  du  Comice,  Pitmaston  Duchess, 
and  Marie  Louise,  all  of  them  excellent ;  2d,  Mr. 
Garland  ;  3d,  Mr.  H.  Berwick. 

Three  dishes,  dessert. — Nineteen  competitors.  Ist, 
Mr.  D.  C.  Powell  with  Beurre  Clairgeau,  highly 
coloured  ;  Marie  Louise,  and  Muirfowl's  Egg  ;  2d, 
Mr.  G.  Morrinder,  gr.  to  F.  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  Lifton 
Park. 

Three  dishes,  culinary. — Seven  competitors.  The 
fruit  in  these  classes  were  small  compared  with  former 
years.  The  1st  prize  fell  to  Mr.  A.  C.  Williams, 
with  Uvedale's  St.  Germain,  Catillac,  and  Bellissime 
d'Hiver ;  2d,  Mr.  W.  S.  Lee. 

Single  Dishes. 

Catillac. — Eleven  competitors.  Ist,  Mr.  J.  Ham, 
Broadclyst,  with  fruit  from  the  wall — clean  and  highly 
coloured. 

Uvedale's  St.  Germains. — Twelve  competitors,  Ist, 
Mr.  G.  Brooks. 

Any  other  variety,  culinary. — Nine  competitors. 
Ist,  Mr.  Truman,  with  Black  Worcester — fine. 

Beurre  Diel. — Seventeen  competitors.  Ist,  Mr. 
Geeson,  gr.  to  Lord  Haldon,  with  very  fine  fruit. 

Doyenne  du  Comice. — Six  competitors.  1st,  Mr. 
G.  Brooks. 

Easter  Beurr^. — Nine  competitors.  1st,  Mr.  J. 
Searle,  with  a  large  sized  and  clean  dish. 

Glou  Mor9eau. — Seven  competitors.  Ist,  Mr.  R. 
Smith,  gr.  to  Lady  Fletcher,  Yalding. 

Josephine  de  Malines.  — Eight  competitors.  1st, 
Mr.  A.  C.  Williams. 

Knight's  Monarch. — Four  competitors.  Ist,  Mr. 
A.  C.  Williams. 

Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey. — Eighteen  competitors. 
Too  late  for  this  variety  to  show  well.  1st,  Mr. 
Garland  ;  large  fruit. 

Marie  Louise. — Twenty-two  competitors.  A  fine 
lot  of  fruit  in  many  cases  were  staged.  1st,  Mr,  R. 
Smith. 

Pitmaston  Duchess. — Ten  competitors.  The  speci- 
mens exhibited  in  this  class  were  not  so  fine  as  usual. 
Ist,  Mr.  A.  C.  Williams. 

Winter  Nelis. — Twelve  competitors,  ist,  Mr.  R. 
Smith. 

Any  other  dessert.  —Forty-one  competitors,  ist, 
Messrs.  Bunyard,  with  Beurre  Clairgeau. 

Miscellaneous. 

Quince. — 1st,  Mr.  Sclater. 

Twelve  Tomatos. — Ist,  Mr.  Truman,  with  Stam- 
fordian  ;  very  fine. 

Medlars.— 1st,  Rev.  B.  W.  T,  Wrey,  with  the 
Dutch  variety. 

Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  of  Exeter,  staged  a  fine  col- 
lection of  Apples  and  Pears,  comprising  nearly  100 
varieties  of  Apples  and  forty  of  Pears.  The  principal 
varieties  among  Apples  were  :  Sandringham  (new), 
Loddington,  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  Golden  Noble, 
Bauman's  Red  Reinette,  Schoolmaster,  Claygate 
Pearmain,  Fearn's,  Hollandbury,  lic.  The  same  firm 
staged  a  miscellaneous  collection  of  other  fruits,  such 
as  Filberts,  Cob-nuts,  Walnuts,  Spanish  Chestnuts, 
English  grown  Almlonds,  &c. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  also  put  up  fine 
collections  with  a  similar  number  of  dishes  of  both 
Apples  and  Pears  in  excellent  condition.  They  had 
among  Pears,  Van  Mons  Leon  le  Clerc,  Vicar  of 
Winkfield,  Uvedale's,  St.  Germain,  and  Gilogil,  very 
fine.  Of  Apples,  Tibbet's  Pearmain,  a  fine  hand- 
some exhibition  Apple ;  Blenheim  Orange,  Lord 
Paulett's  Pearmain,  Cox's  Pomona,  Brabant  Belle- 
6eur,  and  Alexander  Russet,  very  good.  The  firm 
also  exhibited  a  collection  of  Tobaccos  grown  by  them 
at  their  Exeter  Nurseries. 


STATE  OR  THE  IVEATHER  A7  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  October  a?,  1886- 


Temperature  of 

Barometer 

from 

Wind. 

Glaisher's 

5 

Tables  5th 

c 

^ 

< 

u 

g 

1 

w 

a 

1 

s 

3 

1 

i 

« 

Oct, 

In. 

In. 

^ 

» 

^ 

^ 

„ 

In. 

Ji 

29-73 

•fa  02  54.045.0 

9,0 

48.7 

-  0.3 

46.8 

94 

S.E. 

0.00 

aa 

agSo 

-i-o.09S4538.0|i6.5 

46.3 

—  2,5 

43,9 

93 

S.E. 

0.00 

33 

3989 

-1-0,1754,042.511  5]48,7 

+  =■■' 

47  5 

94 

S.E. 

o.oS 

»4 

30.04 

+0,3354042  6 

..,4484 

-1-0,5 

436 

84 

E.N.E. 

0.00 

»S 

30.04 

-1-0.32  52,0  47  5 

4-5  49-3 

-1-  1,8 

46,4 

90 

N.E. 

0.02 

36 

39.92 

-1-0.2049.546,0 

3  5473 

+  0,1 

43-1 

86 

N.E. 

o.oc 

=7 

29.71 

-3.0. 

49.044.2 

4.846,3 

-  0.6 

45  ■ 

96 

N.E. 

0.13 

Mean 

3988 

-fo.j6 

52,443,7 

8,747.8 

-o.r 

45.2 

,.{ 

SE. 
N.E. 

0.23 

Oce.  2i.-Thick  mi: 

—  23.— Wet  ;    di 

—  24. — Morning 

—  35.- Slight  ra 

—  26.— Oveicast 

—  27. — Wet  and] 


it  in  morning,  fine  but  dull  all  day. 

bright. 

II  overcast  day  throughout. 

fine,  and  cold ;    generally  overcast 

in  in  early  morning  ;  overcast  all  day, 
throughout,  with  stiong  wind. 
all  day. 


LO.N'DON  :  Atmospheric  Pressure,  —  Daring  the 
week  ending  October  23d,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  28.81 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29.71  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  20th,  decreased  to  29.67  inches  by 
the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  increased  to  30 
inches  by  the  morning  of  the  22d,  decreased  to 
29  97  inches  by  5  p.m.  on  the  same  day,  and  was 
30. 10  inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.67  inches,  being  0.24 
inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.21  inch  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

Temftrature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  59°  on  the  19th  and  20th ; 
the  highest  on  the  17th  was  53°.  3.  The  mean  of 
the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  55°. 6. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  38°  on  the  22d ; 
the  lowest  on  the  17th  and  20th,  was  47°,  The  mean 
of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  43°.  4. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
l6°.5  on  the  iSth  and  22d,  the  smallest  was  6°.3 
on  the  17th.  The  mean  ol  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 
1 2°.  2. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  48''.8  on  the 
17th,  47°.S  on  the  i8th,  5i°.4  on  the  19th,  S2°.S  on 
the  20th,  48°.7  on  the  21st,  46°.2  on  the  22d,  and 
48°  .7  on  the  23d.  These  were  below  their  averages 
on  the  17th,  iSth,  21st  and  22d,  by  i".,  2°.2,  o°.3, 
and  2°.5  respectively,  and  above  on  the  19th,  20th, 
and  23d  by  l°.9,  3°.2,  and  o°.4  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  49°.  i, 
being  2°.2  lower  than  last  week,  and  o°.i  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  90°  on  the  22nd.  The  mean  of  th«  seven 
high  readings  was  6S''.8. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  three  days  to  the  amount  of 
o.  14-inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  i6lh,  the  highest  temperatures  were  61" 
at  Truro,  59°.  8  at  Bradford,  and  59"  at  Blackheath  ; 
the  highest  at  Newcastle  was  53°,  at  Wolver- 
hampton 53°  4,  and  at  Sunderland  54°.  The 
general  mean  was  56°.  9. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Truro,  32,  at 
Hull  33",  and  at  Wolverhampton  35° ;  the  lowest 
at  Newcastle  was  44°,  at  Liverpool  43'^.  3,  and  at 
Preston  41°.     The  general  mean  was  37°, 9. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Truro 
29°,  at  Hull  25°,  and  at  Sheffield  22° ;  the 
least  ranges  were  at  Newcastle  90°,  at  Liverpool 
I3°.4,  and  at  Sunderland  14°.  The  general  mean 
was  19°. 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


569 


The  mean  ot  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  SS^.J,  at  Plymouth  56",  and  at 
Blackheath  S5°.6  ;  and  lowest  at  Wolverhampton 
5I°.8,  at  Newcastle  52°,  and  at  Sunderland  $^''.^. 
The  general  mean  was  54°  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Newcastle,  46". 8,  and  at  Sheffield  and 
Preston  46^ ;  and  was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
40°.  I,  at  Plymouth  4i''.S,  and  at  Bristol,  42".2. 
The  general  mean  was  44°.  4. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Truro  I4°.9, 
at  Plymouth  14°. 2,  and  at  Bristol  I2^4  ;  and  least  at 
Newcastle  5°.2,  at  Sunderland  6°.g,  and  at  Liverpool 
7^6.      The  general  mean  was  10°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro  49°.9, 
and  at  Sheffield  and  Preston  49°.3  ;  and  was  lowest  at 
Wolverhampton  44^.9,  at  Bristol  47°.4,  and  at  Plj- 
moulh  47°.9.     The  general  mean  was  47°. 9. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  1.94  inch  at  Not- 
tingham, 1.55  inch  at  Sheffield,  and  i.2_^  inch  at 
Liverpool  ;  ihe  smallest  falU  wereo.  I4  inch  at  Black- 
heath,  0.15  inch  at  Brighton,  and  0.41  inch  at  Leeds. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.S2  inch, 

Scotland  :  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  23d,  the  highest  temperature  was  67" 
at  Greenock  ;  the  highest  at  Aberdeen  was  53°.  5. 
The  general  mean  was  55°.  3. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  30°  at 
Perth  ;  the  lowest  at  Greenock  and  Leith  was  37°. 
The  general  mean  was  34°.  i. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Aberdeen 
48°.8;  and  lowest  at  Perth  46%  The  general  mean 
was  47°.6. 

Rain,  —  The  largest  fall  was  1,70  inch  at 
Edinburgh,  the  smallest  fall  was  o  07  inch  at 
Greenock.     The  general  mean  was  0.65  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE. —Members  of  the  Trade  will 
oblige  by  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
Interest.  Short  notes  of  dally  experience  are 
w2iat  are  most  useful. 


Correction.  —  In  "  Cattleya  Measuresi  "  ("Orchid 
Notes,"  &c..  p.  526)  we  erred  last  week  in  giving  Mr, 
Salter  as  the  gardener  at  The  Woodlands  instead  o( 
Mr.  R.  W.  Fraser. 

Ergot  :  G.  P.     Yes  ;  certainly  on  Rye-grass. 

Fungus  ;    J.     \V.,    She  field.      The   fungus    is  named 

Ag;aricus  ceruginosus,  from  its  verdigris-green  colour. 

It  is  not  uncommon,  but  is  worthless,  if  not  poisonous. 

Correspondents  should  not  wrap  up  glutinous  fungi  in 

wool.    iV.  G.  6. 

Grapes  Splitting,  and  Mildew  in  Muscats  : 
y.  C.  K.  You  have  probably  cut  away  too  much  of 
ihe  lateral  growths,  or  thinned  the  bunches  very 
severely,  and  made  matters  worse  by  giving  water  at 
the  roots  in  the  evening  instead  of  in  the  morning. 
The  splitting  may  be  occasioned  by  any  of  these,  but 
your  letter  gives  no  clue.  Cut  out  and  burn  the  mil- 
dewed berries,  and  smear  the  hot-water  pipes,  or  other 
heating  means,  with  hme,  clay,  and  sulphur  ;  and 
keep  up  a  dryish  atmosphere  instead  of  a  cool  and 
moist  one,  which  favours  the  development  of  mildew. 
Do  not  give  ventilation  by  the  front  sashes  ol  the 
vinery  unless  the  weather  should  prove  warm. 

Gros  Colmar  Grapes:  J,  Wiiherspoon.  The  berries 
were  very  fine,  but  owing  to  the  way  in  which  they 
had  been  sent,  most  of  them  were  smashed,  and  the 
bloom  was  entirely  destroyed  ;  but  the  flavour  was 
excellent.  We  do  not  see  how  the  "Red  Rose" 
boiler  could  have  influenced  the  quality  of  these 
Grapes,  for  good  fruit  can  be  grown  by  any  other 
means  of  healing,  or  with  none. 

Insects  :  A.  W.  Your  small  bulbs  of  Cattleya  Mossise 
are  attacked  by  the  small  hymenopterous  insect, 
Isosoma  Orchidearum  ("1.  O.  W.  '  in  Gardeners 
Chronicle,  1869.  p.  1230),  the  small  white  larvae  of 
which  have  gnawed  holes  in  the  interior.  Both  sexes 
of  the  little  black  fly  are  now  {end  of  October)  appear- 
ing in  the  perfect  state. — J.  S.  Your  Cattleya  bulbs 
are  producing  the  perfect  little  black  flies  (Isosoma 
Orchidearum),  as  described  in  the  preceding  reply. — 
W.  K.,  Ayrshire.  The  green  caterpillar  which  has 
destroyed  your  Tobacco  plants  is  a  different  species 
from  those  which  attack  Cabbages.  Gooseberries,  and 
Beetroot.  It  produces  a  moth  found  in  North  America, 
figured  by  Abbot  and  Smith  {bisects  of  Georgia,  2, 
pi.  100)  under  the  name  of  Phalasna  Rhcxiae  (the 
Tobacco-bud  worm  moth).    T.  O.   W. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  C.  P.  Specimen  sent  quite  de- 
cayed —.-fZ/mf  A^.  Jones,  i,  Beurr^  d'Amanlis  ;  2, 
Paradis  d'Automne  ;  3,  Knight's  Monarch.  Apples  : 
I,  Uuke  of  Devonshire  ;  2,  Boston  Russet ;  3,  Cox's 
Orange  Pippin  ;  4,  not  recognised  ;  5,  Warner's 
King. — y.  Bryan,  i.  Golden  Noble  ;  2,  Tower  of 
Glamis  ;  3.  Hambledon  Deux-ans. — Carter.  Page  Qr* 
Co.  I.  Mere  de  Manage  ;  2.  Red  Autumn  Calville. — 
C.  F.  W.  I,  Nonsuch  ;  2,  Fearn's  Pippin  ;  3,  Louise 
Bonne  o(  Jersey  ;  4,  Hacon's  Incomparable  :  5.  Ber- 
gamotte  d'Esperen  ;  6,  losephine  de  Malines.  — 
G.  T.  B.     Names  not  known. 


Names  OF  Plants  :  Oxford.  HeUanthemum  vulgare.— 
Evelyn,  i,  2,  Bromeliads,  of  which  we  will  give  you 
the  name  next  week,  if  possible.  The  other  things 
arrived  in  such  a  condition  that  we  cannot  undertake 
to  give  them  names.  —  J.  W.  M.  Probably  both 
Syringa  Emodi.  Why  not  send  better  specimens? 
Do  you  think  it  possible  to  name  plants  from  withered 
leaves  only,  and  without  a  particle  of  information  ?— 
K  IV.  L.  I,  Thuia  orientaUs  var.  aurea  ;  2,  Rhus 
typhinura  ;  3,  Abies  Nordnianniana  ;  4,  A.  Pinsapo  ; 
5,  Larix  ?  6,  Juniperus?  But  the  specimens  are  so 
poor  that  all  these  names  are  given  with  hesitation, 
and  we  cannot  vouch  for  their  absolute  correctness. — 
H,  y.  R.  An  Ornithogalum,  of  which  we  will  endea- 
vour to  give  you  the  name  next  week. —  If.  A.  M. 
Cotoneaster  frigida. — Ross.  Ornithogalum  lacteum, 
Jacq.  —  y.  H.  Pitcairnia  bromeliaefolia,  or  alHed 
species.  —  Col.  Berkeley.  Dendrobium  Cambridgeanum  ; 
the  flowers  are  pale  from  its  blooming  out  of  season. 

Pines  Planted  in  the  Pontine  Marshes  :  H.  S. 
Probably  Pinus  halepensis  ;  P.  Pinea. 

Plants  in  Glazed  Pots, —  W.  We  do  not  recom- 
mend them.  The  soil  gets  sodden  and  sour  from 
want  of  sufficient  evaporation  and  airing  of  the  roots. 

Seed  of  Golden  Mohur  :  H.  V.  The  seeds  are 
those  of  the  Flamboyant  (Poinciana  regia),  a  legu- 
minous tree  of  Madagascar,    y,  R.  y. 

Sweet  William  Diseased  :  E.  W.  F,  The  leaves 
are  affected  with  Puccinia  dianthi.  Cut  off  all  leaves 
showing  the  spots  and  burn  them.  Slight  dusting  with 
flowers  of  sulphur  may  kill  it  when  not  very  prevalent. 

Tropical  Products  :  H.  C.  Swan.  In  The  Tropical 
Agriculturist,  compiled  by  A.  M.  and  J.  Ferguson, 
Colombo,  Ceylon,  1882— 18S3,  many  papers  are  to  be 
found  on  Cacao,  Cloves,  Manioc  (Cassava),  Nutmegs, 
Peppers,  and  Aloes. 


JOMMUNICATIONS  Rbceived  :  -  Wild  Rosc.-W.  H.  R.— 
R.  D.-D.  D.-W.  C.  next  week.-G.  H.-G.  F,  P.— 
W.  F.-A.  Ulomfield.-A.  B.-^J.  D.-H.  R.  B.-F.  P.— 
W.  W.— W.  C.-A.  W.— J.  O.  W.  :  we  cannot  enter  into 
these  boiler  discussions. -J  D.  &  Sons.— O.  T, :  tlie  Ficus 
has  not  come  to  hand.— S.H.— Haage  &  Schmidt. 


larhels* 


CO  VENT   GARDEN,     October   28. 

Large  supplies  of  Grapes  still  reaching  us  from  the 
Channel  Islands,  keeping  down  the  price  of  home-grown 
Iruil.  American  Apples  now  coming  in  freely,  yames 
Webber,    Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesalb  Pric 


Apples,  }^-sieve 
Figs,  per  dozen 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  100  Ih 
Lemons,  per  case 
Melons,  e;ich 


Peaches,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  . 
Pears,  per  dozen  . .  10-1  ( 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  30-4. 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  6-  8  < 


Vbgstablhs. — AvKRAGK  Rktail  Prices. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-.. 
Aubergines,  each     ..  03-  .. 
Be.ins,  Kidney,  lb,.,  o  6-  .. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  04-.. 
Carrots,  perbuncii..  06-.. 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..    16-20 
Cucumbers,  each     ..06-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .   10-20 
Herbs,  per  bunch    ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. ,   10-16 

PoTATOs  :  —  Kent  Regents,  8oj.  to  gos.  ;    Schooli 

Beamy  of  Hebron,  goj.  ;    Champions,  45.?.  per 


Mint,  green,  bunch  04-.. 
Mushrooms,  punnet  1  6-  2  ( 
MustardandCress.do.o  4-  .. 
Onions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-.. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  . .  40-5. 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  40-51 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-.. 
Spinach,  per  bushel  30-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  09-  ,. 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  04-  ., 
Veget.  Mar.,  each.,  o  3- 


PLitN 


I  POTS. — AVBRAGB   WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


Aralia    Sieboldi,  per 

dozen  ..  . .  6  o-ii 

Asters,  per  dozen  .40-; 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  o-i; 
Bouvardias,  dor.  ..  9  o-i! 
Chrysanth,,  per  doz.  4  o-iS 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-1: 


Dn 


per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-34  1 

Ficus  elastica  each..   16-71 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18  i 
Foliage  Plants,  van- 
Lilies,  in  var.,  doz.  ,.12  0-30  ( 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-12  < 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  40-61 
Myrtles,  per  do; 


Palm 


Flowbrs.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunch.  .. 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  . . 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Camellias,  12  blooms 


nth.. 


C; 

Chrys, 

Dahli; 

Daisies,  common,   12 

Eucharis,   per  dozen  . 
Forget-me-Noc,      or 

Myosotis,  12  bun.  : 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  1 
Heliotrope,    12     spr.   c 

Lapageria,red,  Tzbl.  : 
—  white,  12  blooms  s 


bunches 
Mignonette, 
Pelargonium 


—  scarlet,  12  trusses  03-0 
Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  20-4 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  09-2 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  09-1 

—  outdoor,  12  bun.  20-61 
Stephanotis,    per   12 

sprays        ..  ..40-61 

Tropsolums,  12  bun.  10-21 
Tuberoses,  ra  blms..  10-11 
Violets,  12  bunches..  09-1; 

—  Parrae,    French, 

per  bunch  - .         . .  4  o-  5  r 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 


FOR  PLANTING 


In  Masses,  Shrubberies&  Borders. 


Pen 


Per 


HYACINTHS,    equal    quantities    red,  j.  J. 

white,    and   blue      150  0  16     0 

TULIPS,  double  or  sioKle,  fine  mixed  ..  40  0  4    6 

NARCISSUS,  mixed  border     26  0  3    0 

NARCISSUS,  sweet-  cented  double  ....  50  0  5     6 

NARCISSUS,  Pheasant-eye     30  0  3     6 

DAFFODIL,  double  yellow 30  0  3     6 

DAFFODILS,  sinele  Trumpet 25  0  3    0 

CROCUS,  fine  mixed 12  6  16 

CROCUS,  eolden-yellow    10  6  1     3 

CROCUS,  laree  blue  13  6  16 

CROCUS,  lirge  white 14  6  19 

CROCUS,  large  striped       14  6  19 

IRIS,  fine  mixed  fpauish 20  0  2     6 

ORNITHOQALUU  (Star  of  Bethlehem)  30  0  3    6 

BLUEBELLS 30  0  3    6 

SCILLA  PR.E0OX  or  SIBIEICA  ....  30  0  3    6 

SNOWDROPS 21  0  2    6 

WINTER  ACONITES,  yellow 21  0  2    6 

Ali  Parcels  Carriage  Free. 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE 

FoYAL  Commands  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
AND  H  R.H.  THE  Prince  of  Walks, 

High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  conUining  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  u. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of   New,    Rare,     and 

Choice  Ferns."  and  "  Hardv  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    UANCHESTER. 


jfOREST,   jfRUIT 

it    ALL    OTHER 

•gREES  &  lp>LANTS. 


.0S«|,fi8°»«^^^V«Ve 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


PUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  6r.  per  bushel 
(if.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  ot 
6^  per  cake ;  fi:c«  by  parcel  post,  ix. 

NoDB  geniiine  unless  ic  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directioos 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  S«ed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


570 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lOCTOBER  30,   1886, 


"DALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 

-L       tion,  20  inches   high  — Latania  borbonica,    is.  fid.  :  Sea- 
forthia   elegans,    ii.    6d.  :    Areca  lutescens,  if.  td.  ;      Phajnix 
reclinata,  ij.  6rf.  ;    Euterpe  ediilis.   is.  6d.  ;  Corypha  australis, 
IS.  U.  :  six  for  8s..  or  ijj   6d.  per  dozen. 
COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  at.  to  51.  eacK 
PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,   12  inches  high— Latania  bor- 
bonica, Seaforthiaelegans,Phcenix  tenuis  and  Phoenix  reclinata, 
6d.  each,  or  4J.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free. 
Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  5s.  to  soj.  each. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

PINUS   INSIGNIS   and   RADIATA,  i    to 
t]i  feet,  and  CUPESSUS  MACROCARPA,  i\i  to  4H 
feet— all  transplanted  last  spring — are  offered  by 

W.  H.  ROGERS,  Red  Lodge  Nursery,  Southampton. 

EOSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  Gloire  de 
Bijon,  MaiiSchal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietta,  Reino  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  8  to  13  feet  long,  in  7-inch  pots.  2/.  6d.,  3s.  and  3  s.  Od. 
each  :  Niphetos,  Petle  des  Jardins.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madame 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7-inch  pots.  74s.  and  30J.  per  dozen. 
CATALOOUES  00  application. 
TheLIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan) 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

LIMES   —    ELMS  —  L  Fm  E  S. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots, 
LIMES,     best    red-twigged    variety,     ii   to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  ftet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN    PERKINS   and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Norlhimpton. 


SHRUBS  and  CONIFER,^.— Laurustinus, 
2  feet,  bushy,  31^.  per  100.  Arbutus  Unedo,  2  feet,  40s. 
per  100.  Aucuba  japonica,  2  to  2'^  feet,  40J.  per  loc.  Box, 
Tree,  SOI  ts,  iK  tQ  2  feet,  301  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
12J.  per  100.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  2K  feet,  its.  per  ico. 
Grislinia  lictoralis,  2  feet,  35^.  per  ico.  Sweet  Bay,  i"^  to  z  feet, 
30J.  per  100.  Rhododendron  pcnlicum,  ij^  to  2  feet,  33^.  per 
loo ;  ditto,  2  to  2J4  feet,  40J.  per  100.  extra  fine.  Abies 
Douglasij,  z  to  3  feer,  30,1.  per  100 ;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet,  40J.  per 
100  ;  ditto,  4  to  5  feet,  70J.  per  loo,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbricata,  2  to  it%  feet,  421.  per  dozen;  ditto.  3  to 
3^  feel,  60s.  per  dozen.  Cupressus  T-awsonii,  1}^  to  2  feet, 
16.J.  per  100  ;  ditto.  2  to  y%  feet,  20s.  per  100;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
$os.  per  ico.  Cupressus  erecta  viridis,  i^^  to  2  feet,  301.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  zj^  feet,  40 J.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
iJ4  to  z  feet,  3CJ.  per  100  ;  ditto,  2  to  2\i  feet,  40J.  per  100, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniana.  2  feet,  40s.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  t0  2j4  feet,  25J.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  loco  for  smaller 
sizes.     GARLIES,  MITCHELL,  Nurserjman,  Stranraer. 

AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

WM.   RISLEY,   Marilzburg,  A'aia/. 

(The  Original  Grower.) 
Ihese  hp'endid  Bu'bs,  superior  to  any  in  the  market,  are  now 
being  supplied  to  the  Trade  and  Growers  at  greatly  reduced 
piices,  and  such  as  defy  competition.  Special  quotations  given- 
Cases  free.  Terms  net  cash  1  month.  For  further  particulars, 
apply  to 

WM.      G.      MAC       GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 


Wexme  ar&  S'ee.. 


xm. 


Our]  Chrysanthemums. 

As  Large  and  Complete  as  our  Display  and 
Stock  has  hitherto  been,  it  is  totally  eclipsed  by  thai  of 
this  season.  Our  two  houses  specially  built,  200  feet  by  20  feet 
wide,  are  found  much  too  small  for  the  1 1 50  varieties,  many  direct 
from  Japan,  and  175  new  kinds  ;  all  will  be  found  grandly  in 
bloom,  for  comparison  and  criticism.  This  giant  display  is 
beyond  all  question  the  most  complete  in  Europe — one  huge 
bank,  1200  feet  long.  Our  stock  of  plants  in  4-inch  pots,  full  of 
cuttings  expressly  for  exportation  and  immediate  propagation, 
is  immense,  and  we  respectfully  invite  all  to  "  come  and  see."  or 
send  for  our  Catalogue,  containing  ths  most  invaluable  infor- 
mation—how  to  grow  and  dress,  with  all  the  necessary  appliances 
for  exhibiting,  and  which  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  descrip- 
tive and  illustrative  book  of  the  whole  family  ever  published. 
TWEEZERS-STEEL  ..  ..  ir,  ed.  per  pair. 
IVORY     ..     ..     4j.  oflT. 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS. 

THE      HOME      OF      FLOWERS, 
SWANLEY,     KENT. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  KEFUSE. 

^d.  pet  bushel :  loo  for  251.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
ios. ;  4-busheI  ba^s,  4d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  6d.  per  sack  ; 
5  sacks  2SJ.  ;  sacks,  4d.  each. 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  22s.  ;  sacks. 
4<i.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  qd.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  hall 
ton,  i6s.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  batts,  4d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IS.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  (,d.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  O  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S  .  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street.  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE,  newly 
made.  Tiuckload  (s  tons)  £1  ■  40  bags.  ass.  Free  on 
rail.  Cash  with  order.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Fibre  Mer- 
chants, 153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 


ANGR^ECUM     SESQUIPEDALE. 


HUGH    LOW    &    CO. 

Have  the  pleasure  to  announce  the  arrival  of  an  Immense  importation  of  MADAGASCAR 
ORCHIDS,   in   charge   of  Mr.   CURNOW,    the   Collector,   comprising   very   large   quantities   of 
ANGR^CUM  SESQUIPEDALE,  and  other  fine  and  rare  species.    The  plants,  in  the  best 
possible  condition— many  equal  to  established  specimens— are  on  sale  at  very  moderate  prices. 
INSPECTION       INVITED. 


CLAPTON    NUESEEY,    LONDON,    E. 


THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
up  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Eveiy  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwL  and  over  carriage  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,   Victoria   Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

^rtTcultural  soils,  manu res, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H. S.  (Son-in-law  and  Succer 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Established  1854. 


BEESON'S  manure  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  as.  6d.,  5s.  Cd., 
and  10s.  6d.^  or  1  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills. 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

eat  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  2S.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  Americin  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51,  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loi.  6d.  per 
bag,     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  line,  iw.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro' Station,  Hants. 


How  fibrous  . .     "\ 
;OMPOST,best  hi. 
3,  best  only  . .     ( 
D J 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

(Juallty,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (AU  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous   ..    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  6d. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .  4s.  6d.      „      s  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5s.  6d.      „      5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  , 

PREPARED  COMPOST,' 

LEAF  MOULD, 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND, coarse,  is.  6<r.  per  bush.,  MS.halft 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8rf.  lb.,  aSlb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (SpiciaUtc=)    8<f.  lb.,  28  lb,  iSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  . .     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  is.  6d. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3S.;  141b.,  5S.;  281b.. Ss.;  561b., 14?.:  icwt.,22s. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  bestquaUty  only-i4lb,  3S.;  28  lb.,  5s.  M.; 

561b.,  ios.6d.;  icwt,i7S.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s.  ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks.  251 ;  40  sacks,   30s.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2J.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MIL  WALL,  LONDON,  E. 

E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

G  A  R  D  EN    REQUIS  I T  E  S. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  los.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet     ground.       Boxes.   61/.    and    is.,    from  the    Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 


(Lin 


ed). 


FLAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 
Gardens,   or  Walks  under  Trees.      Prices,  %d.,  lod., 
and  IS.  per  yard  run. 

The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Votks. 


SILVER  SAND.— 24J.  per  truck  of  4  tons  ; 
Best,  30S.  do.  :  PEAT.  60s.  per  truck  of  10  cubic  yards. 
Best,  80s  ,  loos.,  and  iios.  do.  :  LOAM,  best,  50s.  per  truck  of 
4  tons  ;  Best  ORCHID  PEAT  and  MOSS.  Sand  and  Peat 
packed  in  sacks  or  casks.  Lowest  prices  and  lowest  transit  rates 
secured  — W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co..  Midhurst,  Susseii^_ 

To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  London,  E.C. 

RCHANGEL7  TAGANROG^  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price,  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR- 
PAULINS and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

Russia  Mats— Rafila. 

NEW   ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all  qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZand  FISHER.  James  St..  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS    <Si    CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 

UPS,  TUBES,  BOARDS,  &c.,  for  Staging 

Chrysanthemums  for  Exhibitions  :  Tweezers  for  Dressing 
Blooms.  Every  Horticultural  Requisite  supplied.  Catalogue  and 
prices  post-free.- B.  FIELD,  F.R.H, S,  Swan  Place.  Old  Kent 
Road,  S.E.     Telegraphic  Address — "  Floriculture.  London." 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    UuAL 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

{lae    Richard    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Established  Haifa  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, snpplv  the  purest  Anthracite  for  Horticultural  purposes. 

COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
Loudon  Offices    and   Depot,   3,    Mileage  Station. 

Paddington,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co.  will  be  pleased  to  furnish 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  often  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 

THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS.  STOURBRIDGE. 


The  Best 

ajid  QiLlokeat 

Uada. 


<-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  g  feet  long,  4J.  yi.  each  ; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4X.  6d.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Rezwd  Price  List  en  application.  

S  T  O  V^  S. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal  ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Greenliouses.  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention,  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOIIAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria   Street,    Weatminater,    S.W. 

R.    STEVENS'    PATENT 

INVICTA     DRY     GLAZING, 

The  Best  and  Cheapest  Sy&tem  for  all  kinds  of  Horticultural 
Buildings,  Skylights,  Studios,  and  Exhibition  Buildings. 
Plan^  and  Estimates  Free. 
HORTICULTURAL    WORKS,    BROMLEV.    KENT, 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    RaiBa,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,  Manures.  &&      Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


57  > 


J.    ^WEEKS    &    CO.'S 

PATENT  DUPLEX  UPRIGHT  TUBULAR  BOILER, 

With  Hollow  Furnace  Bars,    Patent  Diaphragm,   and  Fuel  Economiser. 


W 


EEKS'S    BOILERS   are  beyond  all   comparison   those 


most  combined  advantages  to  Gardeners.  Their  merits  so  far 
exceed  those  of  any  other  Boiler  that  almost  every  new  Boiler 
brought  into  the  market  in  some  degree  imitates  them,  and  this 
notably  with  respect  to  the  Hollow  Furnace  Bars,  the  use  of 
which  has  been  advocated  by  J.  WEEKS  and  CO.  upwards  of 
40  years,  and  who  have  proved  that  the  Water  gains  on  an  average 
from  20  to  25  degrees  of  heat  in  its  passage  through  their  Hollow 
Furnace  Bars  before  entering  the  Boiler. 


Full  par  tictilars,  and  Illiislralcd  Price  List  of  Boilers,  also  New 
Book  of  Designs,   i  T^th  edition,  post  free  on  application. 


Address  — J.    WEEKS     & 
Horticultural  Engineers  and  Patentees, 
KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     S.W 


CO., 


Extract   from    the    "  JLady's    Pictorial"   of  23d  Oct.,  1886. 


"  Most  of  our  readers 
are  already  familiar  with 
the  beauty  and  merit  of  the 

Darlington   Dress  Fabrics 

Manufactured  by  Messrs. 
Henry  Pease  &  Co.'s 
Successors,  at  the  Mills, 
Darlinofton. 


f^^  ^i^ht^^tj^^  ' 


"  The  Novel  Patterns 
and  Designs  especially 
prepared  for  the  present 
'JZ  season  are  exceptionally 
successful,  both  as  regards 
colour  and  texture,  and 
we  can  thoroughly  recom- 
mend these  goods  to  the  notice  of  our  readers  as 
being  entirely  suitable  for  autumn  and  winter  wear. 
Large  Boxes  of  Patterns  will  be  sent  immediately 
upon  application  at  the  above  address,  and  the 
novelty  and  beauty  of  the  fabrics  will  quickly  con- 


vince our  readers  that  they  deserve  the  highest  praise. 

"  It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  the  immense 
advantages  of  obtaining  goods  in  this  manner  direct 
from  the  original  manufacturers,  since  there  remains 
literally  only  one  man,  and  therefore  only  one  profit, 
between  the  wool-producing  animal  and  the  person 
who  eventually  wears  the  woollen  goods.  Where 
there  is  only  one  profit  to  be  made,  as  in  this  case,  it 
is  clearly  evident  that  the  purchaser  must  benefit 
largely,  since  there  is  no  middle  man  to  swallow  up 
the  intermediate  gains.  This  being  so,  our  readers 
will  do  well  to  make  the  most  of  their  opportunity, 
and  write  at  once  for  Patterns,  which  are  naturally 
greatly  in  demand  at  the  present  season  of  the  year. 

"  We  must  mention  as  specially  appropriate  just 
now  the  Darlington  Cross-warp  Serges,  the  all-wool 
foules,  and  the  Gold  Medal  Cashmeres,  for  these 
materials,  together  with  all  the  other  Darlington 
Dress  Fabrics,  are  fine  and  soft  in  texture,  artistic  in 
colouring,  and  entirely  novel  in  design." 

[Established 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  successors,  DARLINGTON/^fi''Ji: 

All  Parcels  are  Carriage  Paid,  and  any  Article  can  toe  cnanged  within  Seven  Days. 


572 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  1886. 


FAWKES'  Slow  combus- 
tion H  EATING  APPAR  \TUS 
—  Most  efficient  and  cheapest  in  ex 
Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention  Will  bum  house 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel      Any  one  can  fi\  it      A  do- 


CROMPTON     &    FAWKES, 

CHELMSFORD. 

THE    LOUGHBOROUGH    GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATER    APPARATUS. 

This  is  the  MmpJest. 
cheapest,  and  most 
poA-eiful  apparatus 
made.  It  requires  no 
brick  setting, 


Boiler    stands 
the  front  only  being  outside, 
„     hat  the  whole  of  the  heal  from  the  Boiler 
li  Itself  is  utilised        It  burns  over  twelve 
ention,  at  a  nominal  cost, 
iving,  with  Boiler,  open 
feed  syphon.  12  feet  of  4-inch  hot-water  pipe,  and  patent  j  jints 
complete,  £,s,  4J.      Delivered  free  to  any  station.      Discount  for 
cash.     Cost  of  apparatus  complete  for  Greenhouses  as  below, 
delivered  free  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  lor  fi.xing  :  — 
10   X    6  feet     ..  £,\     14     o    I    20  X    10  feet    . .  ^i       00 
12    X   8  feet     ..5       I     o         25   X    12  feet    ..     6     16     8 
IS    X    9  feet     ..     5     10     8    1     40  X    16  feet    ..    12     12     4 

Prcpoitionaie  prices  for  other  sizes.     Estimates  free, 
lllu'-trated   LIST,  with  full   particulars  of  these  and    every 
descripui  n  of  P'uel,  Gas,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

HORl  CULTURAL    BuiLDBKS    AND    HOT-WATER   ENGINEERS, 

"^' ^ifr^eeT™'^" ILONDON    BRIDGE. 


C.     FRAZER, 

Horticultural  Builder,  Norwich, 

THE  "RAPID"    PROPAGATOR 


,—  --|    ketit' 


Is  the  bes'-  and  cheapest 
for  -striking  cultiigs,  raising 
scLi'^,  or  propagating  any- 
thing requiring  a  boltom- 
heat  Strongly  made,  Price 
mtludes  Lamp  and  Rcgis- 
Central  Heating 
ketit'e,  as  engraving.  Co^t 
ig  reduced  to  a 
as  allheal  genf- 
utilised.  At  this 
garden  shou'd  be 


N<^      I,     3    feet    6  inches 
nigh  by  2  feet  6  inches  long. 


by 


foot 


■vide. 


£1  17s.   6d. 

No  2,  3  feet  6  inches 
high  by  3  feet  long  by  a  feet 
Mide,  £2  lOS 

P:.cking.  53. 
led  1 


,  :  paid  to  any  Kailway  Station  in  England  and  Wales  : 
to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin  and  Belfast. 
Illustrated  Cata'ogues.  post-free,  two  penny  stamps. 

Sre  Aavcrtinmcit  nlleinate  UOT/tt. 

"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,=^ 


I73'5'    OF   HEAT        CJ: 
CONSUMED    LESS    FUEL    S         -<<JJ 
*'-^'PRaDUCiED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHELDF  FUEL^ 
^'OFANY  BSILER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LlVERPOOl.  ISSl 

s  woM  FIRST  PRiZE.fiTHEiooor^T 
'      ALoo  FIRST  PRiZEiiJ THE  SOOr'^.^T 

2^=  1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  "S3L  , 
S.D'TOEVIOUS  awards  IB  PRIZE  MEDSLSS  DIPLOMAS 
UDJJDON|  5  REDCRCSS  5'  S  VICTORIA  DRY  GLAZING  W'ORKSl 
3PFF1CE  I    EOUTHWARK  S'  ■^^^         HARLOW  .ESSEX 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER. 

HOT-WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  description. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Vendladng 

Arrangement 

for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

Ali  Jinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDKAULIC    BAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOB    ALL    PURPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS.  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 


THE    NEW    PATENT    TUBULAR 

COMBIIfATIOIf  STAKE 
AND  CLIP, 

For  Trees,  Roses,  Dahlias,  &c. 

{CAKTH-RIGHTS    PATENT) 

THIS  PATENT  STAKE  and  CLIP 
is  at  once  simple,  effective,  durable  economical,  and 
safe.  It  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  tying  with  sir  n.j  or 
grass  ;  and  when  once  the  tree  is  fixed  in  position  it  is  utterly 
impossible  for  it  to  get  loose  again  by  the  action  of  the  wind  or 
weather  ;  in  (act.  it  must  remain  fixed  in  position  until  the 
gardener  himself  loosens  it.  Does  not  hirbour  insects  and  their 
eggs  as  do  string  and  cloth. 

The  Stake  itself  is  a  wrought-iron  tube,  and  is  made  in 
various  lengths,  from  3  (eet  up  to  7  feet  6  inches. 

The  Spring  Clips  are  supplied  in  va'iou5  sizes,  of  i,  1%.  and 
2  inches  acrcss  the  ring  when  shut,  and  are  coated  with  solt 
indiarubber. 

Light  Brass  Caps  are  alsi  supplied  when  required.  These 
Caps  a-e  fixed  on  ihe  top  of  the  tube  to  keep  the  rain  and  ear- 
wigs, &c  ,  from  getting  in  it. 


We  can  also  supply  these 

STAKES  ADAPTED  FOR  RASPBERRY  CANES 

WHEN      GROWN      IN      CLUMPS. 

These  Stakes  are  supplied  with  two  large  Wire  Clips,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  Stake,  as  shown  in  sketch. 

MAY      BE      OBTAINED      FROM      ALL      SEEDSMEN,      &c 


Wholesale  from  CORY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.  (Limited), 
London;  OSMAN  &  CO.,  London;  BENJAMIN  FIELD,  Swan 
Place,  Old  Kent  Boad,  London,  S.E. ;  or,  from  the  Manufacturers, 
The  PLASKYN ASTON  TUBE  COMPANY  (Limited),  Buabon. 


HOT-WATER       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    8c    CO., 

4,        UPPER       THAMES        STREET,        LONDON,        E.G. 

BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Sr-c. 
Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free. Price  Lists  on  application. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS, 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  3jd. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


573 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  HORTICULTUML  BUILDERS,  NORWICH. 


Boulton  &  Paul's  CUCUMBER 
FBAUES  are  always  in  stock,  ready  to 
be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  They  are 
made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  from  the 
best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  special  require- 
ments, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  Frames  are  of  \\  in.  boards,  24  in.  high 
in  Iront,  bolted  at  the  corners,  and  easily 
taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  Lights  are 
2  in.  thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one 
handle  at  the  top.  and  the  whole  p.iinted 
four  coats.  The  Glass  is  English.  21-02. 
weight.  Packed  and  sent,  carriage  paid, 
to  any  station  in  England  and  Wales,  to 
Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork,  Glas- 
gow, and  stations  equivalent.  Cases  are 
allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  75.— Cuciunber  and  Melon  Frame.    All  sizes  In  Stock. 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.       Width.  Piice. 
2-LlGHT  FRAME  ..    8  feet  by  6  feet_^3     5    c 

3  ,,          „         . .  12  feet  by  6  feet  412    6 

4  .»          )>         ..  16  feet  by  6  feet  600 

5  >.          ..         ..  20  feet  by  6  feet  776 

6  ,,          ,,         .,  24  feet  by  6  feet  8  15     o 
Smaller  Frames  are  made.      See  LISTS, 

Post-free,  of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus, 
Garden  Frames  in  every  variety  made.  Gar- 
den Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and 
everything  required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure 
Grounds,  post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  by 
appointment  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLO-WIDE  FAME.' 


;     THE 
QUEEN. 


CAMBRIC 


TRISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-L  KERCHIEFS.  Hemmed  for  Usf.  Per  dozen— ChHd- 
ren's.  Is.  Id.  ;  Ladles',  If.  VM  ;  Gentlemen's,  is.  6i. 
Hemst.lched  —  Ladies',  2s.  llj^.r'.  ;  G«nu',  it.  Ihf. 
Samples  pott-free. 


TRISH     MADE    SHIRTS.  —  liest    Ouality 

-L  L"rscIoth  Bodies,  with  four-told  all  Mnen  FrcTnls  and 
Cu(r>.  35j.  6</.  the  half  dozen  (to  measure  2i.  extra).  New 
Designs  m  our  special  Indian  Gauze,  Pilnled  Shirtincs,  and 
unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  season. 


"  These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  excellsace  and  chsipness."— 0«;7  J^i 


TRISH   LINEN 

X      Collars- Ladies'   a 
per  dozen  ;  Genilemen'a 
do7en.  Cufis  for  Ladies, 
to  IOj.  9ii.  per  dozen. 
Shirts.  &.C.,  have  the  me 
Court  Circular      Samp 

COLL 

nd  Child 
four-fotc 

Gentleme 
Their  Ir 

it  of  exce 

es  post-'r 

ARSand  CUFFS. 

ren's  three-fold,  3j.  td. 
4r.  l\d.  to5i.  llrf.  per 

n,  and  Chiloren,  5j.  Wd. 
sh  Linen  Collars,  CulTs, 
lleace  and  cheapness  " — 

POCKET 


'  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  ■price."— l he  Lady. 


I 

RISH  LINENS.- 

-Real  Ir 

sh  L 

nen  Sheetin 

^s,  fully 

bleached.  2  yards  wide 

ll.g./.  pe 

rjard 

i%  yard 

wide 

%-.  VAd. 

per 

yard  (the  most  dutabis 

Tticle  mai 

^and 

.  to  any  foreien     1 

ma 

lufaclured  good*).    Rolle 

Towelling 

,18  in 

ches  wiHe, 

Z^Ad 

olice   Linen,  *td.   per  )a 

d  ;  Check 

Duste 

rs.  2i.   6d 

lib 

s  Cloths, 

61/.    per  dozen.     Fine   L 

mens  and 

Linea  Diapers  iy^d. 

per  yard. 

noles  pn«-t-free. 

TRISH     DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN.— Fish   Napkins, 

X  2t.  6<^.  per  dosen.  Dinner  Napkins,  4j.  6</.  per  dozen.  Table  Cloths.  2  yards 
yards  square.  Is.  9J.  ;  2%  yards  by  3  yaid«.  5r.  6^.  each.  Kitchen  Table  Cloths, 
IIK^.  eich.  titrong  Huckabuck  Towels.  4t.  4t  per  dozer.  Monograms,  Cie^ts, 
Coals  of- Arms,  Initials,  &c.,  woven  and  embroidered.     Samples  post-free. 


HANDKERCHIEFS. 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  Belfast 

(By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  R.H.  the  Crowti  Pri^tcess  of  Germany). 


OONTBAOTOBS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

^^^^         UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATEK,"  LONEOK), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  i  "jth  Edition, price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    E , 

with  Waterway  EntL 
From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


PATENT    RELIANCE    ROTARY 
VALVES. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     iv.c. 


send 


Th 


Gardeners'    Chronicle" 
^,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


for 


1886. 
Months, 


Please 
contTuencing  . 
^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £\  y.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  \ls.  \\d.  ;    3  Months,  i>s.  ;  Post-free, 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  £1  (>s.  for  Twelve  Months,      India  and  China,  £1  %s.  2d. 

P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS.     I       o  c. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "DRUMMOND.'  I  Q"*^- ^"^  ^^^^ 


574 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.. 


[October  30,  1886. 


THE  GARDENWCHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINO. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. ,./o 

3 

0 

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AND  SIXPBKCB 

OR   EV 

BRY  ADO 

TIONAL   LINE. 

lis 

Bt  across  two 

Colu 

mns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  301. 

If  set 

across  three  Columns, 

he  lowest  charge  will  be  ^os. 

Page 

„ 

^ 

..£9  0  0 

Half  Page  „ 

_ 

„     5     0     0 

Column 

.. 

••350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  TS.  6d.,  and  6</.  for  every  additional  line 
{about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cauthned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-oJ^ces,  as 
ail  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  aut/ujrities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  51.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  -week  must  rea£h  tht  Office 

bv  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kingdom  :    12  Months,  £1   33.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  6S. 

Foreign  (exceotine   India  and  China) ;    includine    Postage, 

£1  63.  lor  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  f  1  83.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 

Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellineton  Street.  Strand.  London.  W  C. 


WHY     IS 

WOOD'S   GOLD   MEDAL    BOILER 

The  BESTforGREENHOUSES? 

Because  it  attained  the  greatest 
Heat  in  tiie  Boiler  Contest,  and 
the  Best  Fire  after  si  hours'  bank- 
ing, at  Liverpool. 

Price  LIST  Free. 
Si  FILIAL  Terms  to  Nurseevmcn.     Write  Dirhlt. 

T.     WOOD,     Hot-water     ENGINEER, 

EASTVILLE,   BRISTOL.     AgentsWanlcd. 

GLASS. — Cut  Sizes,  from  12  by  9  upwards, 
in  100  and  200  feet  boxes,  in  15-ounce  andzi-ounce. 
A.    CUNNINGHAM    and    CO.,    Glass,    Lead,  and    Oil 
Warehouse.  18,  Leith  Street,  Edinburgh. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    B0NHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO  »  U  give  Est  mates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  <* 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW   ROCKWORK    material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Suges, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


21-02-  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 
A  large  stock    of  similar  current  sizes  ol   16-OZ-   glass  in 

Prop-agating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

OEORQE    FARUILOE    St    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  applicatton.    Quote  ChromcU, 


Roster's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are    made    in    materials    of    great    durabihty-      The 
plainer    sorts  are  specially      sr 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
bour no   Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up   little    room,    and, 
once    put    down,  incur    no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  i 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  va 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W,  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E, 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,   and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :    also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS, 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies. 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  preat  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves, 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellt^ut  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  zs.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,   Tlu  Ryteys,  AUerley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  variovis  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.C.  ;  and 
1^6,  Stephen's  Graen.  Dublin. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glared  and  painted : — 

6  leet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    jfca  15    o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         ,,  4  rS     o 

6  feet  long.  5  feet  wide,         „  „         ,1  3^5     0 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,        „         „        „         6  jo    0 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in- 

B,      HALLIDAY      (ft      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


WATCH  CLUBS.— AGENTS  WANTED 
everywhere  to  Form  Clubs  for  Kendal  it  Dent's  cele- 
brated Gold  Medal  Wa'ches.  Members  pay  is.  per  week  for 
Watches,  t.'locks.  Jewellery,  Electro- plate,  Cutlery,  Musical 
Instruments,  Optics,  &c. — Apply  early  for  particulars.  Illus- 
trated Catalogues,  &c.  (post-IreeX  of  KENDAL  and  DENT, 
:o6,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.     " 


Send  your  Name  and  Address,   and   mention  this  paper,  and 
receive,  per  return,  post-free,  sample  and  particulars  of 

SMITH'S-COLCHE  STER 

LIVE-LOie  GAl^DY, 

THE      BEST      DIGESTIVE.  ' 


Burning  on  the  Chest  and  Fulness  after  Meals ;  or 
taken  at  bedtime,  by  its  warmth-giving  and  Stomachic  proper- 
ties Promotes  Slee?.  A  small  piece  dissolved  in  the  mouth 
when  exposed  to  damp  and  cold,  Warms  the  Chest,  and  pre- 
vents those  injuries  which  arise  from  Chills.  It  is  invaluable 
to  all  Sportsmen,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Duchess  of 
Beaufort,  the  Marquis  of  Waterford,  &':.  Price,  xs.  \%d.,is.  grf., 
and  4J.  6d.  ;  of  all  Chemists.     Be  careful  to  buy  only  Smith's- 

COLCHESTER    LiVH-LONG    CaNDV,    PKEPARHD    liV 

SHENSTONE  (Late  Smith  &  She ns tone),  CHEMIST, 

COLCHESTEE.  as,  in  consequence  of  its  popularity,  and  the 
commonness  of  the  name  (Smith)   imitations  are  rife. 

Per  post,  IS.  4</,,  3^. ,  and  ej.  ;  or,  sample,  free. 


<€-LASSHeHSES&»EAT'I'NG: 


,B.W.WA-R^U;RST 


-^Ia,  BKAOTORT  street,  CHELSEA,  8.W.1; 

e"    P     P     S  '   s 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

FREE      GRANTS      OF      LAND 
IN     CANADA. 

la  Manitoba,  the  North- West,  and  all  the  other  Provinces. 

Improved  Farms  for  Sale  in  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick 
Prince  Edward  Island.  Quebec,  Onuno,  Manitoba,  North 
West,  and  British  Columbia. 

Openings  for  Investment  of  Capital. 

For  Products  and  Manufactures  of  Canada,  see  Canadian 
Section,  Colonial  and  Indian  E.\hibition.  Assisted  Passages 
offered  to  Farm  Labourers  and  Domestic  Servants. 

For  Pamphlets  containing  maps  and  other  information, 
supplied  gratis  and  post-free,  apply  to  the  High  Commissioner 
for  Canada,  g,  Victoria  Chambers,  London.  S.W,;  Mr.  J. 
DYKE,  rs,  Water  Street,  Liverpool ;  Mr.  T.  GRAHAME,  40, 
St.  Enoch  Square,  Glasgow  ;  or  at  the  Canadian  Section, 
Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  South  Kensington. 

CRYSTAL  PALACE  COMPANY'S 
SCHOOL  for  the  ARTISTIC  and  ECONOMIC  IM- 
PROVEMENTol  ESTATES.  Principal,  Mr.  H.  E.  Milnep, 
A,  M.  Inst.  C.  E.  Prospectus  of  the  undersigned,  in  the 
Library,  Crystal  Palace. 

F.  K.  J.  SHENTON,  Sup.  Educ.  Depart. 


Accidents  of  Daily  Life  Insured  against  by  tbe 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 
Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ,^2.215,000, 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway  Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  K^tel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 

REVUE  de  rnORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review)— i-th  year. — .\mong  the  principal  Contributors  are  ; — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andrd,  C.  Ballet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crdpin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JongkindtConinck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveiia, 
H.  Orlgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein, 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  n 
Engravings. 


Publishing  Office :  134,  Rue  de  Bnixelles,  Ghent,  Belgium, 


October  30,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


575 


ZADKIEL'S  ALMANAC  for  1S87.  Circula- 
tion over  140,000  Zadkiel  foretold  the  Earthquakes  in 
America,  the  War  in  Butmah,  the  Riots  in  London,  &c.- 
London  :  COUSINS  and  CO.,  6,  Helmet  Court,  (338)  Strand, 
London,  W.C.     Price  6rf. 


ADVERTISER  (Inexperienced)  is  desirous 
of  Joining  a  Gentleman  in  a  Local  Nursety  and  Florist's 
Business  in  the  suburbs  of  or  near  London  preferred,  or  a 
Florist's  in  Town.  Principals  or  their  solicitors  only  dealt  with. 
References  exchanged.  Must  bear  the  strictest  investigation. 
—Apply,  E.  J.  W.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  4r,  Welling- 
ton Sireet.  Strand.  London.  W.C. 


PARTNERSHIP.— The  Advertiser,  who  has 
been  carrying  on  an  extensive  Business  in  the  City  for 
several  years  is  desirous  to  meet  with  an  active  PARTNER  to 
take  Half  Share  and  increase  same.  Capital  required  about 
;£6oo— PARTNERSHIP,  Gardeners'  Chrmicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street.  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business— South  of  England.— L.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  153, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER  (Head  Work- 
ing)  ;  middle-aged,  married,  and  no  family,  either  at 
home  or  out.  Must  thoroughly  understand  Early  and  Late 
Forcing,  and  also  Flowers. — Write  stating  age.  also  age  of  Wife, 
length  of  last  service,  how  many  under  him,  with  whom,  reason 
of  leaving,  and  wages  required  (cottage,  &c.  being  found),  to 
G.  P.,  May's  Advertising  Offices,  159.  Piccadilly,  Locdoo,  W. 

Wa"nTED,  a  LANDSCAPE  GARDENER 
for  Laying-out  New  Pleasure  Grounds  near  Guild- 
ford.—Apply  by  letter  only,  L.  M.  CASELLA,  47,  Fitrjohn's 
Avenue,  London,  N.W. 


WANTED,  a  FOREMAN,  for  the  Houses, 
well  versed  in  Grapes,  Plants,  and  Fruit  Growing. 
Wages  18.S.  per  week,  bothy,  and  vegetables. — Mr.  BISH,  The 
Gardens,  Marchwiel  Hall,  Wrexham. 


WANTED,  a  NURSERY  FOREMAN.— 
Apply  in  the  first  instance  with  copies  of  testimonials, 
references,  wages  expected.  &c.  One  with  a  knowledge  of 
Florist's  Flowers  and  Herbaceous  preferred. — J.  F  ,  Gardeners' 
«^o«W^  Office,  41,  Wellington  Sireet,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  an  energetic,  e.xperienced  MAN, 
who  well  understands  Growing  Evergreens,  &c.,  for 
Market,  Budding  Roses,  and  General  Nursery  Woik.  No  Glass. 
No  Sunday  work.  Good  character.— Apply,  stating  age.  wages 
required,  and  particulars,  to  E.  CHAMBERLAIN,  192, 
Haverstock  Hill,  N.W. 


Florists  an!  Nurserymen. 

WANTED,  a  MAN,  to  talce  charge  of  Nur- 
series and  Grow  in  Houses  for  Shop  Sale.  Preference 
given  to  one  experienced  in  Growing  for  Markets. — Apply  in 
first  instance  by  letter  maiked  "  Private  "  to  WM.  WHITELEY, 
Universal  Provider,  Westbourne  Grove,  W. 


WANTED,  an   ASSISTANT,  in   a   Retail 
Seed,   Flower,  and    Fruit   Business   in   the   South   ol 
England.— R.  G.,  Hurst  &  Son,  152,  Houndsditch,  London,  E. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  \V. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  partial lar  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hinds  it  7nay  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  0/  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
art  rectived  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
hevond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
ident'fied  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
tlieir  A'ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  -which  they  wish  Repeated. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. —  Holloway,  N. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Dowkie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
rpnuirintr  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


requiring 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  AND  CO.,  108,  High  Street,  Dumfries,  N.B. 


I 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  fee. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent  time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c.  ~  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son,  Highgate  Nurseries,  London,  N . 


KICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will   be    able   to  supply   any    Lady   or  Gentleman   with 


particulars,  &c.  — St.  John  s  Nu 


,  Worcester. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30.— ^^s  Bonus. 
Twelve  years'  thorough  practic.il  experience  ;  two  years' 
good  character. — T.  S.,  i6,  Hopson  Koad,  Coventry  Park, 
Streatham,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  44,  married,  no 
family  :  thoroughly  understands  its  various  branches. 
First-class  testimonials,  references,  &c.— H.,  3,  Highwood 
Road.  Holloway,  London,  N. 

ARDENER    (Head).— Good     Grower    of 

Choice  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  also  Early  and 
Late  Forcing.  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and 
industry. — 5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham. 

ARbENER~yHEAD).  —  Age    38,   married, 

no  family  :  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Good 
Manager  of  Men,  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  charge  of 
a  2O0d  Garden  Establishment.  Highly  recommended.— 
GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapsl  Square,  Kimbolton,  St.  Neots. 


GARDENER  (Head).— /lo  Bonus  to  who- 
ever  procures  Advertiser  a  good  sitllltion.  Thorough 
practical  man.  Excellent  testimonials  and  re'erences.  — R.  B., 
Gardeners'  Chronicll  Office,  41,  We'lineton  Street,  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  34,  married,  no 
family. — Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady, 
Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man  in 
all  branches  of  gardening— GEORGE  SHAWLEY,  5,  Grif- 
fith's Terrace,  Faulkner  Street,  Bishopfields,  Chester. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— R.  Hub- 
bard. The  Gardens,  Rushton  Hall,  Kettering,  is  at 
liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
thoroughly  practical  man.  Fifteen  years*  experience  in  .large 
establishments.     Good  references. 

|ARDENER    (Head    Working).  —  Four 

years  prei 


G 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  39, 
married,  one  girl  (age  ri)  ;  thoroughly  exptrienced. 
Six  years'  character,  seven  previous.— C.  C,  47,  Upper  Park 
Road.  Hampitead,  N.W. 


GARDENER  (He.ad  Working).— A  steady 
energetic,  active  man.  Good  Grower  o(  Fruit,  Flowers, 
and  Vegetables  ;  experienced  in  Laying-out  Grounds.  Moder- 
ate wages.  — A.  B  ,  Wm.  Clibran  &  Son  ,  Oldfield  Nurseries, 
Altrincham. 

C^ARDENER  (He.\d  WORKING).— Age  38, 
-*  married  six  years,  no  family  ;  sixteen  years'  previous 
character,  being  well  versed  m  all  branches,  including  Meadow 
Land.  Well  experienced  in  alterations  and  Management  of 
Men.— G.  MARSHALL.  Hoyle  Farm,  Dorking. 


GARDENER. — Age  42,  married,  no  family  ; 
understands  Gardening  in  all  its  branches  Wife  to 
attend  to  Poultry.  Good  character,— A.  B.,  2,  Fish  Street, 
Kedboura. 


GARDENER.  —  Married,  age  30.  The 
Advertiser  wishes  to  recommend  a  thoroughly  competent 
Gardener  who  has  lived  with  him  three  years,  and  who  is 
thoroughly  honest  and  steady. — M.  E.  Green,  Esq.,  Belgrave 
House,  Sandowo,  Isle  of  Wight. 


GARDENER,  first-class.— James  Dickson, 
Gardener  to  Sir  Robert  Jardine.  Bart.,  MP.,  Castle- 
milk.  Lockerbie,  can  with  confidence  recommend  his  Foreman 
to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  First-class  Gardener. 
Has  had  fifteen  years'  practical  experience  in  England  and 
Scotland.     Highest  testimonials  as  to  character  and  ability. 


GARDENER,  or  LAND  STEWARD,  or 
both  combined.— Scotch  ;  understands  Fruit  Growing, 
and  Horticulture  in  all  its  branches.  Good  references.  — 
A.  J.  A.,  St.  Albans,  Perth,  Scotland. 


GARDENER  (Second  or  good  Single- 
handed);  age  25— E.  Johnson.  Head  Gardener  at 
Park  Hatch,  would  be  pleased  to  recommend  a  young  man  as 
above.— G.  BAKER,  Station  Ro.ad.  Billingshurst,  Sus>ex. 


GARDENER   (Under),   in   a   Gentleman's 
Garden,  In  or  Out  of  Houses. — Age  22,  single  ;   good 
references.      Abstainer.— W.  R.,  6,  Burr  Road,  Merton  Road, 


GARDENER(UNDER),in  aGentleman'sGar- 
den. — Age  19  ;  three  years'  experience  in    the  Houses. 


GARDENER    (Under).— Age    25,   single  ; 
twelve    years'    experience   in  the  Cultivation  of  Vines, 
Fruit  Trees,  Tomatos,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  &c.     Un- 
iptionable_^re(erences   as    ^0    character    and    ability.  —  W. 
Jersey. 


GULLIFORD,  a 


Road.  St.  Helit 


FOREMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  garden. — Age 
23  :    can  be  highly  recommended    by   applying  to    the 
HEAD  GARDENER,  Bush  Hill  House,  Winchmore  Hill,  N. 


FOREMAN  ;  age  25.— Chas.  Raffill,  Gar- 
dener, Low  Hill,  Bushbury,  Wolverhampton,  can  confi- 
dently recommend  James  E:oker,  now  leavinghere.   " 


FOREMAN  ;  age  26.— Mr.  Birch,  Gar- 
dener to  Sir  W.  Eden,  Bart,  Windlestone  Hall,  Ferry 
Hill,  Durham,  can  with  confidence  recommend  a  man  as  above. 
-T.  HARRISON,  The  Stone  House,  The  Scotlands,  Wolver- 
hamptOQ. 


PROPAGATOR  (Foreman),  and 
GROWER,  in  a  small  general  Nursery,  or  PROPAGA- 
TOR in  large.  Heath  in  large  quantities  it  required.  Lon- 
don experience  ;  good  character.  —  ERICA.  Gardeners' 
CkronicU  Olfice,  ^i,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


PROPAGATOR,  or  GROWER  of  Plants 
acid  Cut  Flowers. — Age  27,  married  ;  good  Wreath  and 
Bouquet  Maker.  Successful  in  Growing  Roses.  Three  years 
in  the  houses  of  Cranston's  Nurseries.  Thirteen  years'  experi- 
ence ;  good  references.  Patticulais  and  wages  to  H.  PITT, 
Wye  Cliff  Farm,  Upper  Breinton.  near  Hereford. 

T  6  U  R  N  E  Yi\I  AN"7FlRSTX~in~the'li"ouses7Tn 

C-'       a   good   establishment. — Age    23  ;   good    character.  —  T. 
BAILEY.  The  Gardens,  Franks  Hall,  Dartford,  Kent. 


JOURNEYMAN  (FIRST  or  good  Second  in 
a  good  establishment) — Age  24;  nine  years'  experience. 
Two  years  in  last  situation.— G.  LILLEY,  Thorney,  near 
Peterboro,  Cambs. 


JOURNEYMAN.— Age  21  ;  eighteen  months' 

tr  character  from  last  situation,  four  years  previous.— W. 
SILK,  Whiteness,  Margate,  Kent. 

7  OURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

^  Age  20,-  six  years'  experience.  Can  be  well  recommended. 
Bothy  preferred.— J.  RICHARDSON,  Great  Stanmore, 
Middlesex. 


JOURNEYMAN,  or  SECOND   in   a  good 

tj  establishment. — Age  21  :  six  years'  experience.  — B.  T. 
WOOD,  Bladon  Castle,  Burtcn-on-Trent. 

JMPROVER,  in  the   Houses,   or   Inside  and 

-L  Out.— .Age  19  :  Four  years*  good  character.- State  wages. 
&c.,  to  JOHN  CLAYDUN,  The  Gardens,  Gess  HoSse, 
Maidenhead. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age 
iS  ;  four  and  a  half  years*  experience  :  can  be  well  recom- 
mended. Bothy  preferred.  A  small  weekly  Premium  offered. 
— G.  L.,  Rectoiy  Cottages,  Downham  Market,  Norfolk. 


TO       NURSERYMEN       or       MARKET 
GROWERS.— Wanted,  a  situation  under  Glass  ;   two 
and  a  half  years'  character  from  present  employers.     Age  : 
J.  H.,  Woodgate  Nursery,  Barkley, 


'■pO      SEEDSMEN      and     FLORISTS.  — 

ig  man  (age  18),  a  situation  in  a  Seed 
Total  abstainer— G.  M.,  16,  Church 

TO  GARDENERS  and  NURSERYMEN.— 
Wanted,  to  place  a  well  educated  youth  (age  16)  in  a 
Gentleman's  Garden  or  Nursery  as  an  Apprenticc.~H.  A., 
Plummer's  Plain,  Horsham.  Sussex. 

PLANT,  SEED,  and  BULB  TrADE.— A 
situation  is  wanted  for  a  young  man,  age  22  ;  a  thorough 
Botanist,  steady,  systematic,  and  accustomed  to  work.  Would 
g:i  abroad. —SPIRO.  Gardeners'  Chmnicle  UfScc,  <i,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

ilAVJELLER,     MANAGER,     or     HEAD 

SHOPMAN. — Long  practical  experience  in  every  branch 
cf  the  Business,  London  and  Provincial.  Thorough  judge  of 
Clovers  and  Grasses.  Good  knowledge  ol  Plants.— AGROS- 
TIS,  99,  Craven  Street,  Birkenhead. 

RAVELLER,  or  MANAGER  in  Nursery.— 

Many  years'  experience  in  the  Trade.— M.    J.   Gardeners' 
Chroniete  Omc^,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,   W.C. 

''pRAVELLER.— A  Gardener,  of  goodaddress, 

-L  with  excellent  references,  and  well  known  among  Gar- 
deners, would  represent  a  Housn  doing  business  in  that  connec- 
tion.— Particulars  to  L.  L. ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  btreet,  Strand,  W.C. 

HOPMAN  (He.ad),  WAREHOUSEMAN, 

charge  of  Department  in  a  large  Establishment.— Good 
experience  and  address.  First-class  references.  — D.  I.  T.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 


SHOPMAN. — ^  Several  years'  experience. 
Knows  the  business  thoroughly  in  all  lis  departments — 
Seeds,  Bulbs,  Tools,  Sundries.  Fair  knowledge  of  Nursery 
Stock.— HORTUS,  t6,  Elmgrove  Place,  Glasgow. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.  —  Age  25  ; 
nine  year,'  experience  in  all  departments  :  at  present 
First  Counter  Hand  in  a  Scotch  house.  First-class  references. — ■ 
D.  C.  FLETCHER.  112,  Eghoton  Street,  Glasgow. 

SHOP-MAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  23  ; 
eight  years'  expeiience  in  all  depirtments  of  the  Retail 
Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  High  references.— S.  GEORGE,  10, 
Victoria  Road,  Putney. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  22  ;  at 
present  in  first-class  Scotch  house.     Excellent  references. 
— T.  C  ,  Dicksons  &  Co.,  r,  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  26  ; 
with  thorough  knowledge  of  Seed  Trade  and  branches  ; 
caa  be  well  recommended. — W.  B.,  Lamoureux  &  Co.,  Ply- 
mouth. 

STATE    CARPENTER.— Wanted     by    a 

married  man  a  situation  as  Estate  Carpenter  ;  used  to 
all  kinds  of  Repairs  and  Plain  Painting.  —  WILLIAM  F. 
ROWSON,  Binbrock,  Market  Rasen,  Lincolnshire. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
— Counsel  for  the  Delicate. — Those'to  whom  seasons  of 
changeable  temperatures  are  protracted  periods  of  trial  should 
seek  the  earliest  opportunity  of  lemoving  all  obstacles  to  good 
health.  This  cooling  Ointment,  perseveringly  rubbed  upon  the 
skin,  is  the  most  reliable  remedy  for  overcoming  all  diseases  of 
the  throat  and  chest.  Quinsey,  relaxed  tonsils,  sore  throat, 
swollen  glands,  ordinary  catarrhs,  and  bronchitis,  usually  pre- 
vailing at  this  season,  may  be  arrested  as  soon  as  discovered, 
and  every  symptom  banished  by  Holloway's  simple  and  effective 
treatment.  This  Ointment  and  Pills  are  highly  commended  for  the 
facility  with  which  they  successfully  conquer  mfluenza  ;  they  allay 
in  an  incredibly  short  time  the  distressing  fever  and  teasing  cough. 


576 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  30,  18 


SUTTON'S   INIMITABLE   HYACINTHS 


"  The  Hyacinlhs  I  liad  fiom  you  are  in  beauiiful  bloom. 
They  aie  splendid  ;  every  one  asks  where  I  obtained  them." 
Mr.  H.  Klencowh,  CaitU  Hotel.  Devizes. 


For  BEDDING. 

To  Flower  Simultaneously. 


"  The  open-air  Hyacinths  havi 
any  (jrown  in  conseivatories." 
Knmvles,  A  rdingley. 


RED 

BLUE      ... 
WHITE  ... 


SUTTON'S    INIMITABLE    SCARLET    HYACINTHS  .. 
SUTTON'S    INIMITABLE    DARK    ROSE    HYACINTHS 
SUTTON'S    INIMITABLE    LIGHT    ROSE    HYACINTHS 


SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    BLUE    HYACINTHS 

SOTTON'S  INIMITABLE    LIGHT    BLUE    HYACINTHS  .. 

SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    DARK    BLUE    HYACINTHS    .. 

SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    PURE    WHITE     HYACINTHS 

SUTTON'S  INIMITABLE    TINTED    "WHITE    HYACINTHS 


Prices 


application. 


SUTTON'S     INIMITABLE    TULIPS     FOR     ^^^^\'^Q^,\  Prices  on  abblication 

IN   VARIOUS   SHADES  OF  COLOUR  S        '  "•"     ""'    ^'^/'/^"'■"■l iun. 


SUTTON'S    PRICED    LIST    OF    BULB3   may   be   had    Gratia    and    Post-free. 


SEEDSMEN  by  ROYAL  WARRANTS  to 
the  QUEEN  and  PRINCE  of  WALES. 


HjUUtiu/o 


,^        ROYAL  BERKSHIRE  SEED 

OJto  ESTABLISHMENT,    READING. 


MILFORD  NURSERIES,  near  GQDALMING,  SURREY. 

IIPORTAIfT  FOUE  DAYS'  SALE  OF  FIEST-CLASS  lURSERY  STOCK. 


MR  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions  from  Mr.  Maurice  Young 
to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  FRIDAY,   November  9,  10,  11,  and  12,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  each  day. 

Beautifully  Grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for  removal,  including  about  :— 


3,000  Mixed  EVERGREENS  and  CONIFERS  in 

Borders  ;  500  YEWS,  4  to  6  feet  ;  500  AUCUBAS,  2  to 
3  feet;  500  THUIA  LOBBII,  2  to  4  feet ;  SILVER  FIRS, 
CEDRUS  DEODARA,  &c  ,  6  to  12  feet. 

3,000  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA,  3  to  5  feet; 

500  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA  LUTEA,  300  GRA- 
CILIS and  others,  ij  to  2i  feet  ;  500  ABIES  DOUG- 
LAS 1 1,  2  to  3  feet ;  and  300  GOLDEN  IRISH  YEWS,  2 
to  3  feet. 

6,000  RETINOSPORA     PLUMOSA     AUREA 

and  FLAVESCENS,  ij  to  2*  feet,  suitable  for  pots. 

2,000  LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  bushy,  4 

to  5  feet ;  and  500  EVERGREEN  PRIVET,  2  to  4  feet  ; 
3000  PURPLE  LILAC,  2  to  4  feef;  and  1000  other 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 

10,000  LAURELS,  of  sorts,  i^  to  2J  feet. 


1,000  VARIEGATED  and   GREEN  BOX,  2  to 

3  feet;    4000  ST.  JOHN'S    WORT,     2000   RERBERIS 
AQUIFOLIUM,  ij  to  2  feet. 

6,000  Choice  Named  Hybrid  and  other  RHODO- 
DENDRONS, CLEMATIS,  and  other  CLIMBERS, 
Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES. 

50  Specimen  Young's  Golden  Chinese  JUNIPER, 

4  to  7  feet. 

5,900  SPRUCE     FIRS,    2    to   4   feet,  suitable  for 

Christmas  Trees. 

75,000  Transplanted  QUICK. 

10,000  ORNAMENTAL  and  FOREST    TREES, 

consisting    of   Sycamore,   Norway   Maple,  Black    Italian, 
Ontario  and  Abele  Poplars,  Laburnums,  &c.,  5  to  10  ft.,  &c 


May  be  viezsjcd  a   week  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  J.  C.  S  TE  VENS, 

38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

N.B. — The  Nurseries  are  situated  |  of  a  mile  from  Milford  Station,  and  i  mile  from  the  new  Godalming  Station  on  the  direct  Portsmouth  line. 


Editorial  CommunicatioDS  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor  ; "  Advertisements  and  Busiaess  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  OfEce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnkw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  the 
«aid  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wtllinglon  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday.  October  30,  1886.  Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hk 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


€gtat)lisi)elr  1841. 


No.  671.— Vol.  XXVI.  {s^^.^s.}   SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  6,  1886.         { p'^oSSlTVlie;"^ j 


Price  5d. 

Post-free,  sjrf. 


CONTENTS. 


Alpine  garden,  the 

Apiary,  the 

Bouvardias  turned  out  .. 

Bulbs,  Cape 

China,  botanical  rambles 

in  South 
Chrysanthemum    season, 

the  

Chrysanthemums 
Cinchona  in  Colombia  .. 
Coal,  anthracite  .. 
Copper  in  wine    . . 
Cordyline  australis 
Daffodil  seed,  hybridised 
Eria  Fordii 
Florists'  flowers  . . 
Flower  garden,  the 
Forestry     - . 
Fruit  and  vegetable  crop 

ofi8S6 

Fruits  under  glass 
Fuchsia  corymbiflora    .. 
Grapes  grafted     . . 
Hardw  fruit  garden,  the  . 
Ivy,  Hibberd's  Emerald . 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Lago  Mag?iore.  the 
Lamarck  s  Herbarium  .. 
Law  notes  - 


Katmg 

London   Corn  Exchinge 
Chrysanthemum   Show 
Masdevallia  astuta 
Newbury  and  neighbour- 


Obituary — 

Johnson,  Mr.  C  W.  .. 

Lee,  Mrs.  J 

Odontogiossum        asper- 

sum  violaceum . . 
Orchid-houses,  the 

Orchids  at  Oswald  Road, 

Edinburgh 

„    at  the  Woodlands. . 

Pears,  packing 

Peppermint     culture     in 

Planting    fruit    trees     in 

Plants  and  their  culture  . 

Plants,  sex  in 

Primula  hirsuta  Allioni  . . 


Hanwell 
Highgate,       Finchley, 

and  Hornsey 
National     Chrysanthe- 


Selenipedium  Sedeni  X 
Tobacco   cultivat'On  a 

the  Excise 
Tomatos  and  Vines 

Trentham  ., 

Vme  pruning,    the  phi 

sophy  of 
Weather,  the 


Cordyline 
Gloxinias, 
Primula  hirsuta  Alli( 
Selenipedium  Seden: 
Slug,  the  shell-beari 


ILLUSTRATIONS, 
australis  at  Ericht  Park 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
nTHE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies    re^larly,    are   particularly   re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

Now  Ready.  In  cloth.  16a. 
'J^HE  GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

1         Volume  XXV.,  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  1886. 
W.  RICHARDS.  4>,  Wellinston  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

^HE    GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

J-  IN  AMERICA. 

The  SubscriptioD  to  America,  uicludiog  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  MoDths, 

Agent  for  America  :— C.  H.  MAROT,  814,  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  U.S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  KensinEton.  S.W. 
NOTICE  l-COMMITTEE    MEETINGS:    Scientific,  at 
I  p  M.,  in  the  Lindley  Library  ;    Fruit  and  Floral,  at  11  a.m.,  in 
the  Conservatory,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  November  g. 


KINGSTON  and  SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  TENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  in 
the  Drill  Hall,  Kingston,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
November  9  and  10,  when,  in  addition  to  valuable  Money 
Prizes,  the  ijhampion  Challenge  Vase,  value  25  guinea":,  and 
two  Cups,  value  5  guineas,  will  be  offered.  Entries  Close 
November  4.     Schedules  and  fur  her  particulars  of 

T.  JACKSON,  H.n.  Sec. 
Fife  Road,  Kingston-on-Thames. 

DEVIZES  CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SHO%Vwillbe  held  in  the  Corn  Exchange,  Deviies, 
on  TUESDAY,  November  16,  when,  in  addition  to  Valuable 
Money  Ptiies.  the  Challenge  Cup  and  a  Cup  value   5  guinea., 

§iven  by  the    Mayor  (or  Twenly-four   Blfoms,  will  be  offeied. 
chedules  and  further  particulars  of 

THOS.  KING,  The  Gardens,  Devires  Ca»t1e. 


TWICKENHAM   HORTICULTURAL  and 
COTTAGE   GARDEN  SOCIETY.- The  Autumn  Ex- 
hibition of  Chrysanthemums.  Fruit,  Flowers.  &c  .  will  be  held 
intheTowj  Hall,  Twickenham,  on  NOVEMBER  16  and  17. 
MARTINDALEC.  WARD,  M.D.,  Treasurer. 
J.  J.  G.  PUGH,  Honorary  Sec.etary. 


COLCHESTER    and    EAST     ESSEX 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
SPECIAL  PRIZE,  value  /lo  los,  offered  by  the  Corporation 
of  Colchester,  at  the  Chrysanthemum  Show  fixed  for  NUVEM- 
BER  IS-    Particulars  of  J.  C.  QUILTER,  Seaelary, 

5,  Head  Street,  Colchester. 


Dissolution  of  Partnerslilp. 
JOHN   LAING  AND  CO.,  of  the   Stanstead 

''  Park  and  other  Nurseries,  Seedsmbn  and  Florists, 
Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  have  DISSOLVED  PARTNERSHIP,  as 
and  from  October  31.  1886.  All  DEBTS  due  and  owing  by  the 
Firm  will  be  RECEIVED  and  PAID  by  JOHN  LAING,  who 
will  in  future  carry  on  Ihe  Busine  s  in  conjunction  with  his  two 
sons  and  wiih  the  assistance  of  all  ihe  Foremen  and  other  Heads 
of  the  various  Departments. 


Planting  Season. 

WH.    ROGERS,    Red   Lodge    Nursery, 
•     Southampton,  offers  every  description  of  well-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  extending  over  60  acres,  at  a  low  price. 
CATALOGUES  and  every  information  sent  on  application. 


LAING'S  DUTCH  BULBS.  —  The  finest 
Roots.  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS,  NARCISSU -.  CRO- 
CUS, SNOWDROPS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  SPIR/EA, 
and  other  Forcing  Planu  and  Shrubs.     Importations  trom  best 

JOHN  LAI'nG  and  CO.,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


There  Is  but  one 
PLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 

yj  and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 

The  Raiser  supplier  a-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  31.   each. 
All  the  finer  old  kinds  at  is.  to  as.  each. 

SPIR^.A  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 

Novelty— Novelty  -Novelty. 

SPIR^.A    PALMATA     ALBA  (awarded   a 
First-class  Certificate  in   London  on  June  17,  1835):  5J. 
each,  3ir.  td.  per  lo.     Carriage  paid  and  packing  free. 

A.  M.  C  JONGKINDT-CONINCK,  Dede  "       ' 

Netherlands. 


R 


SES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  The   best 

aod  cheapest  in  the  world.     Forty  choice  Perpetuals  for 


E 


XHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

—Now  on  View,  all  the  recent   Novelties,   many  pro- 


mising Seedlings,  and  all  old  Standard  varieties  ;  the 
.lete  Collection  in  the  Trade. 
LISTS  Gratis  on  application.     Inspection  cordially  ii 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries,  Forest  Hifi,  S.E 


ted. 


C;RAPE   VINES.— Our  stock  of   Vines   is 
*     in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.     A  LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  foi  warded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 


Holloway,  London,  N. 


Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  (In  pots). 

FRANCIS  R.   KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
Stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

i,  Richmond,  Surrey. 


VINES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black  Ham- 
burgh and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  los  6d.  each  :  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines,  s^.  and  71.  6d.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition      CATALOGUbS  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO  {John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  oflering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  sr.  each  ]  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARIN  ES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


RASPBERRY    CANES    to     SELL.  —  The 
famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Lam  Exp.es$.—\p\,\y  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks.  Kent. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantiiy.  A.  H. 
&  Co,,  ^ving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  hiehest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 


WANTED,  Choice   White   Cut   Blooms   of 
EUCHARIS,  CAMELLIAS,  ROSES,  &c. 
Apply  VERTEGANS,    Birmingham 


WANTED,  CALCEOLARIAS  Golden  Gem 
and  Bijou  Cuttings.     Send  particulars  tn 
H.   CANNELL   and    SONS,    Swanley,    Kent. 


VV 


ANTED,    CARNATIONS    MRS.  JOL- 

LIFFE,   Rotted   Cuttings  or    Plants    in  6o's.    Price 
per  too. 

C.  C.  3.  Melrose  Villas,  Richmond  Road.  Twickenham. 

ANTED,      ACER      CIRCINATUM.— 

State  size,  when  last  moved,  and  price  per  dozen   to 
JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Royal  Ni 


w 


ANTED,    Offers    of    a    few     ORCHID 

FLOWERS  weekly  during  the  winter. 
G.  EDWARDS,  Balham  Nursery,  London,  S.W. 


Dissolution  of  Partnership. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  the  last  ten  years 
Copartner  with  John  Laikg,  at  Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  has 
PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS  known  as  the  t  ast  Surrey 
Seed  Warehouse  (established  upwards  of  50  years).  North  Erd, 
Croydon.     CATALOGUES  in  a  few  days. 

To  tlie  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  kinds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offeis  of  the  same— 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  of  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYEGRASSES  and  NATURAL  GRASSES— to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 

Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (Established  1785). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THli  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  "  Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited),"  these  Old-esUblishe<l 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford.— October  1,  i886. 

Just  PubllBheil. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85  ;  con- 
taining all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  oQcring  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT   AND    BULB    COMPANY.     Lion    Walk, 
Colchester. 

GARDENIAS,  Winter^ lioweringliEATHS, 
CAMELLIAS,    AZALEAS,    BOUVARDIAS,    CAR- 
NATIONS, PALMS,  FERNS,  FICUS,  DRAC/ENAS,  and 
others.     Thousands  of  fine  healthy  plants  to  select  from. 
Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 
JOHN    STANDISH   and   CO..    Royal   Nurseries,   Ascot. 


DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE.  —  Roses, 
Fruit  Trees,  Rhododendrons,  Conifers,  Deciduous  and 
Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrub*.  Climbing  Plants  for  walls,  &c. ; 
Forest  Trees,  Azaleas,  Camellias,  &c.      Free  on  application  to 
H.  LANE  AND  SON.  The  Nurseries,  Berkhamsted,  Heits. 


STANDARD  and  DWARF  NAMED  RHO- 
DODENDRONS, very  fine,  are  offered  by 
W.    H.   ROGERS,   Red    Lodge    Nursery,    Southampton. 
CATALOGUES  and  prices  on  application. 

AURICULAS.— Plants  of  the  best  winning 
Show  varieties  to  dispose  of  from  the  surplus  stock  of 
EDWD.    POHLMAN.   Parkinson   Lane,   Halifax. 

IpiGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
-^  Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  lai.  to  241.  per  doren,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


PINUS   INSIGNIS   and   RADIATA,  I    to 
sK  feet,  and  CUPRESSUS  MACROCARPA,  aji  t04H 
feet— all  transplanted  last  spring- are  offered  by 

W.  H.  ROGERS.  Red  Lodge  Nursery,  Southampton. 


D 


HELLEBORUS      NIGER,      Imported. 
HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  extra  large  English  clumps. 
LILIUM  AURATUM,  in  three  sizes    |„         , 
„  LONGIFLORUM  j  From  Japan. 

Special  low  offers  on  application  to 
WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  aod   Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand.  London.  W.C. 

,WARF  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest   kinds. 

The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  pnces 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selection  No.  i,  50J.  per  too. 
„  ,.    a.  4or.        ,. 

„  ..    3i  too  ridiculous  to  name,   but 

purchasers  for  cash  may  certainly  m^ke  advantageous  terms. 
CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 

OUB^LE    TUBEROSES.— Extra    fine. 

MORLE  AND  CO.  offer  the  above  cheaper  than  any  House 
in  the  Trade.     The  principal  Covent  Garden  Market  growers 
purchase    regularly  of  us,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  quality. 
For  price  pet  100,  icoo,  or  5000,  write  for  Special  LIST. 
I  and  2,  and  162.   Fenchuich  Street,  E.C. 

NE  THOUSAND  ONE  HUNDRED  and 

FIFTY  Choice  FLOWER  ROOTS  for  One  Guinea, 
carriage  paid  to  any  address.  For  contents  see  Bulb  CATA- 
LOGUE from 

MORLE  AND  CO.,  Wholesale  and  Retail   Seedsmen  and 
Bulb  Importers,  i  and  a,  and  tG2,  Fenchurch  Street.  E.C 

UTCH   and   other  FLOWER  ROOTS.— 

MORLE  ANn  CO.'S  Choice  BULBS  gained  ist  and  2.1 
prizes  last  season  in  comepetition  wiih  others  cosliog  double  the 
money.  Everything  beat  quality,  at  lowest  prices.  See  CATA- 
LOGUE, free.— I  and  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 

IMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 
Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 
full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 
also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 
Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 
THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 
10,  Cullum  Street,  London,  E.C. 


578 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Mllford  Nurseries,  near  Oodalming,  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT   FOUR    DAYS'     SALE    of    FIRST-CLASS 
NURSERY  STOCK. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  Maurice  Young,  to  SELL  bv  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  WEDNESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  November  g,  lo,  ii.  and  tj.  at 
12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  beautifully  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  in  canital  condition  for  removal,  including  about  :— 
3000  ini.ved  EVERGREENS  and  CONIFERS  in    Borders; 

500  Yews,  4  to  6  feet  :  500  Aucubas.  2  to  3  feet  ;  500  Thuia 

Lobbii,  2  to  4  feet ;  Sdver  Firs,  Cedrus  Deodara,  &c. ,  6  to 

12  feet. 
30:0  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA.  3  to  5  feet  :  500  Cupres- 

sus  Lawsoniaoa  lutea,  300  gracilis  and  others,  iJ4  to  2J2 

feet  ;  500  Abies  Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet  :  and  300  Golden  Irish 

Yew.  2  to  3  feet. 
60C0    RETINOSPORA    PLUMOSA   AUREA,  and   FLAV- 

ESCENS,  iK  to  i\i  feet,  suitable  for  pots, 
loao  VARIEGATED  and   GREEN  BOX,  2  to  3  feet;  4C03 

St.  John's  Wort,  2000  Berberis  aquifolium,  ij^  to  2  feet. 
2000  LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  bushy.  4  to  5  feet  ;  and 

5000  Evergreen  Privet,  2  to  4  feet  ;  3000  Purple  Lilac,  2  to 

4  feet  :  and  1000  other  Flowering  Shrubs. 
10.000  LAURELS  of  sorts,  I'A  to  2^  feet. 
6000  choice  named  Hybrid  and  other  RHODODENDRONS, 

Clematis,  and  other  climbers,  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses. 
50  specimen  Young's  Golden  Chinese  JUNIPER.  4  to  7  feet. 
5900  SPRUCE  FIRS,  2  to  4  feet,  suitable  for  Chiistmas Trees. 
75,000  transplanted  QUICK. 
io,coo  ORNAMENTAL  and  FOREST  TREES,  consisting  o( 

Sycamore,  Norway   Maple,   Black   Italian,    Ontario,   and 

Abele  Poplars,  Laburnums,  &c.,  5  to  10  feet.  &c. 
May  be  viewed  a  week  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had 
on  the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  J.  C.  STEVENS,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

N.B.— The  Nurseries  are  situated  K  of  a  mile  from  Milford 
Station,  and  i  mile  from  the  new  Godalming  Station,  on  the 
direct  Portsmouth  line. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  726s  ) 

5000  grand  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM,  just  received  from 

Japan  in  the  finest  possible  conduion. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms  38, 
KingStreet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  N E.\T. 
November  11. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Citalogues  hid. 

Thursday  Next -(Sale  No  7268 ) 

NEW  MASDEVALLIA. 
MASDEVALLIA    ACROCHORDONIANA  —  described    in 

Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  the  present  year,  p.  526.  in  the 

way  of  Trochilus,  and  very  fine. 
A  large-flowered  form  of  LYCASTE  SKINNERI,in  bloom 

63^  inches  across.  ' 

CYPRIPEDIUM  HIRSUTISSIMUM,  fine  healthy  plants. 

MR.  J.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION 
at  his  Great  Rooms,  3S.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  November  11,  at  Half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  a  Splendid 
lot  of  ESTABLISHED  and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS,  all  in 
the  best  possible  condition,  including  the  above  and  fine  plants 
of  Oncidium  micropogon  in  bloom,  O.  Crysopterum  in  flower, 
O.  Hastatum  Roezlii,  O.  Hubschli  (rare),  O.  varicosum 
Rogersi,  Cattleya  Emstii,  in  flower,  Odontoglossum  pardioum, 
O.  pescatorei,  O.  triumphans,  Maxillaria  grandifiora,  Lselia 
Davana,  in  flower,  Aerides  Leaanum,  and  many  other 
ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  In  Flower  and  Bud. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  November  18.  and  he  will  be 
glad  ifGentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for  this 
SALE,  will  please  send  particulars  not  later  than  THURSDAY 
NEXT. 


By  Order  of  the  Executors. 
GREAT    AUCTION    SALE   of  RUSTIC    WORK,   on  the 
Premises,   Ale.sandra    Rustic    Manufactory,    Forest    Hill, 
owing   to   the  recent  death  of  the  Proprietor,    Mr.  J.  W. 
Parrett. 

MR.  BARRETT  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  TUESDAY,  November  16.  at  12  o'clock  precisely, 
without  ihe  slightest  reserve,  the  above,  comprising  Eleven 
SUMMER-HOUSES,  GARDEN  SEATS,  TABLES, 
FLOWER  VASES,  ARM-CHAIRS,  and  ARCHES,  a  hand- 
some  RUSTIC  BRIDGE,  20  feet  span,  and  an  immense 
Collection  of  other  RUSTIC  WORK ;  as  well  as  the  extensive 
wooden  erection  of  Workshops  and  Show  Room,  to  clear  the 

Catalogues  of    the    Auctioneer,    Sydenham    Auction  Mart, 
Upper  Sydenham. 

Important  Unreserved  Sale  of  Specimen  Trees  and 

SHRUBS. 

MR.  BENTLEY  is  instructed  by  Messrs. 
W.  B.  Rowe  &  Co.  (Limited)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  THURSD.4Y,  November  r8,  at  11  A.M.,  at  the  Nur- 
series. Barbourne,  Worcester,  about  300  remarkably  fine 
SPECIMEN  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  suitable  for  Groups  in 
Parks,  Avenues,  &c.,  including  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cedrus 
atlantica.  Wellingtonia  gigantea,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana, 
Picea  Piosapo,  Biota  aurea,  Abies  Douglasii,  Picea  nobilis, 
Thuia  Lobbii  and  gigantea.  Standard  and  Pyramid  Portugal 
Laurels,  and  many  other  Evergreens  and  Conifej_s  ;  also  a  large 


Catalogues  can  be  hid  at  the  Nurseries,  Mr.  BENTLEY'S 
Onices,  Sansome  Place,  Worcester,  or  free  bypost  on  application. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY.  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  S.lle  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  EC.  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half.past  ti  o'clock  precisely  each  day, 
extensive  consignments  of  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex- 
collent  quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Lamboume  End,  Essex, 

About  3  miles  from  Theydon  Bois,  and  5  from  Woodford  Stations; 
an  omnibus  meeting  certain  trains  at  the  latter  st.ition,  con- 
veying passengers  past  the  Nursery. 

ABSOLUTE  CLEARANCE  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  Proprietor,  who  is  giving  up  the 
business,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  The  Nur- 
sery, Larabourne  End,  on  MONDAY,  Noveniber  8,  at  12 
o'clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  ihe  NURSERY  STOCK,  com- 
prising thousantls  of  Laurels,  Privet.  Forest  Trees,  Fruit  Trees, 
Conifers  in  variety,  all  the  Greenhouse  Plants,  GREEN- 
HOUSE. 50C0  new  BRICKS.  FLOWER  POTS,  TANKS, 
GARDEN  ROLLER,  PLOUGH,  CARTS,  CHAFF  CUT- 
TER, MANURE,  part  Stack  of  Hay,  and  many  other  items. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
E.C.,  and  Leytonstone. 


Ascot. 

ANNUAL     SALE    of    unusually    well-grown'  NURSERY 

STOCK,   in  splendid  condition. 

Important  to  Gentlemen,  the  Trade,  Landscape  Gardeners  and 

others  engaged  in  planting. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  John  Slandish  &  Co.  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  the  Royal  Nurseries. 
Ascot,  a  short  distance  from  the  Station,  en  TUESDAY 
and  WEDNESDAY.  November  9  and  10.  at  12  o'clock 
precisely  each  day.  several  acres  of  remarkably  wel'-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  lor  removal,  com- 
prising :— 


I  specimen    Conifers     in 

variety,  3  to  6  feet 
I  Portugal     and      ether 

Laurels,  i  to  4  feet 
1  American    Arbor-vitae, 

2}^  to  s  feet 

triegated     and    green 


Hollie 


>  6  feel 


11,0:0  small  Conifers 
1,000  named  Rhododendrons 
0.30D  fine      standard      Orna- 
mental Trees 
3, coo  standard   and    pyramid 

Fruit  Trees 
3,500  red  and  white  Currants 
4.700  standard      and      dwarf 

14.000  Larch,  3  to  6  feet 


500  golden  Yews 
2,000  English  and  Irish  Yews 
And  a  choice  assortment  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS,    consisting   of  Gardenias,    Camellias,    Azaleas,  800 


sof  s 


,  &c. 


The  Sale  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  held  in  this  neighbour- 
hood for  miny  years,  and  particularly  worthy  the  attention  of 
Gentlemen  requiring  well-grown  Conifers,  Stc,  for  immediate 
efifective  planting. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  oa  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 

Wednesday  Next— Important  to  the  Trade. 
2000  choice-named  AZALEA  INDICA,  CAMELLIAS,  and 
other  Plants  from  Belgium  ;  foj  standard  and  dwarf 
ROSES,  from  an  English  Nursery  :  a  choice  assortment  of 
hardy  BULBS  from  English  grown  LILIES  in  variety; 
CARNATIONS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  SPIR.T.AS, 
BARK'S  DAFFODILS,  &c. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION  M  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  f.7  and  (3.  Cheipside,  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  November  10  M  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Leytonstone,  adjoining  the  Railway  Station. 

IMPORTANT    TWO    DAYS'    SALE    of  beautifully  grown 

NURSERY   STOCK,  carefully  prepared  for  removal. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the 
American  Nursery,  Leytonstone,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY,  November  11  and  12,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  each 
day,  a  large  portion  of  the  valuable  NURSERY  STOCK, 
consisting  of  a  splendid  variety  of  Conileraj  and  Evergreen 
Shrubs  of  various  sizes,  and  particularly  adapted  for  trans- 
planting for  immediate  eflFect :  green  and  variegated  Hollies, 
fine  bushy  Aucubas,  large  English  fan  Yews,  10  oexs  Standard, 
Ornamental,  and  Forest  Trees,  including  remarkably  well 
grown  Limes,  Poplars,  Chestnuts,  Planes,  &c.  ;  selected  dwarf- 
trained  standard  and  pyramidal  Fruit  Trees,  Rhododendrons, 
Andromedas  (many  fine  specimens),  and  other  Americin  pLints  : 
standard  and  dwarf  Roses,  all  true  to  name  :  and  an  assortment 
of  winter-blooming  plants  for  the  greenhouse. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  can  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.G., 
and  Ley! 


Friday  Next. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  November  12, 
at  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely,  100  lots  of  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS,  from  the  New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company, 
including  Odontoglossums,  Cattleyas,  Lielia  elegans,  On- 
cidiums,  Dendrobiums,  &c.,  and  a  few  lots  of  their  new 
Cattleya  (semiestablished) ;  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  in 
variety,  from  another  collection  ;  together  with  50  large  estab- 
lished ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR.^  (many  wiih 
flower-spikes),  ODONTOGLOSSUM  INSLEAYII  SPLEN- 
DENS,  and  other  ORCHIDS,  frcm  a  Gentleman's  Collection. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tottenham,  N. 

IMPORTANT    SALE    of    beautifully    grown    NURSERY 

STOCK — 2030  Cupressus  Lawsonii  pyramidalis  vema  (new). 

TO  THE  TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  E.  Pennett,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTI(X>J,  on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery,  Park  Lane.  Tot- 
tenham, on  TUESDAY,  November  t6,  at  t2  o'clock  precisely, 
a  portion  of  the  remarkably  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 
in  excellent  condition  for  removal,  including  3000  Aucuba  japo- 
nica,  fine  plants,  r  to  6  feet :  large  Hollies  of  sorts,  2000  Conifers 
in  variety,  1500  Box,  3ex)0  green  and  variegated  Euonymus, 
2000  oval  leaved  Privet,  lono  Gentiana  aciulis,  common  Laurels, 
Fruit  Trees.  3000  Standard  and  dwarf  Roses,  1000  Gooseberries 

The  sale  will  'also  include  2000  of  the  new  CUPRESSUS 
LAWSONII  PYRAMIDALIS  VERNA,  (6  inches  to  2  feet) 
not  yet  in  commerce.  It  is  a  most  compact  grower,  perfectly 
hardy,  retaining  its  bright  green  colour,  and  is  the  best  variety 
for  potting. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


Brox,  Chertsey. 

SALE  of  WELL  GROWN  NURSERY  STOCK,  HORSE, 
MANGEL  WURTZEL,  and  SWEDES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  .\ND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  W.  Cooper  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises,  The  Castle  Nursery,  Brox,  Chertsey, 
about  2%  miles  from  Chertsey  or  Woking  Stations,  on  TUES- 
DAY. November  16,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity 
of  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  excellent  condition  for 
removal,  consisting  of  2200  Cupressus  Lawsonii,  6  inches  to 
5  feet  ;  800  Thuia  Lobbii,  6  inches  to  5  feet  ;  2000  English  Yews, 
2  to  6. feet  :  1700  Laurels,  of  scrts,  i  to  5  feet  ;  750  Aucaba  japo- 
nica,  I  to  3  feet ;  1000  Green  Hollies.  1  to  3  feet ;  icoo  Oval- 
leaved  Privet.  2CO  Golden  Queen  Hollies,  1  to  3  feet  ;  1500 
Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses,  numbers  of  Evergreen  and  Decidu- 
ous Shrubs,  in  variety  ;  capital  chesnut  GELDING,  5  years  ;  10 
tons  MANGEL  WURZEL  and  10  tons  SWEDES. 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be   had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneets,  67  and 68,  Cheapside,  London.  E.C. 


Harold  Wood. 

POSTPONEMENT  of  SALE  to  WEDNESDAY, 

NOVEMBER      17. 

CLEARANCE     SALE,    the    LAND    being    required    for 

Building  Purposes. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  the  Proprietor,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery,  AihelsUn  Road,  Harold 
Wood,  Essex,  near  the  Railway  Station,  oa  WEDNESDAY, 
November  17,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS,  grown  specially  for  cut  bloom,  comprising 
a  large  quantity  of  Gardenias  and  Roses,  all  the  outdoor  StocV, 
four  GREENHOUSES.  BRICKWORK,  HOT-WATER 
PIPING,  and  numerous  other  effects. 

May  now  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  to  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  LondoOf 
E.C  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Ginrord,  near  sandy,  Beds, 

One  mile  from  Sandy  Station.  Great  Northern  and  London  and 
North-Western  Railways,  and  8  miles  frcm  Bedford. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  Mr.  Laxton's  Novelties  in  FRUITS. 
FLOWERS,  and  VEGETABLES,  including  the  stocks  of 
his  fine  Strawberries— "  Noble  "and"  A.  F.  Barron;"  a 
general  NURSERY  STOLK  of  Hardy  Market  Fruits, 
Roses.  Herbaceous  Plants,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Laxton  (who  is  relinquishing  the 
horticultural  business)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises  at  Ginford,  on  THURSDAY,  November  18,  at  11 
o'Clcck  precisely,  in  consequence  of  ihe  great  number  of  lots, 
80Q0  FRUIT  TREES,  including  choice  unissued  Apple?,  Pears, 
and  Plums;  a  quantity  of  all  the  rew  and  market  sorts  of 
Apples  ;  good  stocks  of  the  new  Apple  "September  Beauty  " 
(Fiistclass  Certificates  R.H.S.  and  C.P.,  1885),  "  Peasgood's 
Monarch,"  "  Schoolmaster,"  and  *'  Mr.  Gladstone,"  the  beauti- 
ful Dartmouth  and  Hyslop  Crabs,  and  the  best  market  and 
new  varieties  of  Pears,  Plums,  Cherries,  Raspberries,  Gcose- 
berries,  and  Currants  ;  the  unissued  stocks  of  "  Noble  "  (about 
lo.ooo)  and  "A.  F.  Barron,"  6000  plants  and  runners  (both 
First-clajs  Certificates  from  the  R.H.S.)  ;  numerous  other 
choice  unissued,  cross-bred  Seedlings,  several  thousand  plants 
of  the  new  early  varieties  "  King  of  the  Earhes  "  and  "  The 
Captain"  Sttawbenies  ;  a  quantity  of  seedling  and  best  named 
sorts  of  Rhubarb,  the  finest  strain  of  early  Argenteuil  Asparagus. 

Choice  unissued  cross-bred  or  pedigree  Seedling  ROSES, 
iozo  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES,  consisting  chiefly  of  the 
best  Market  Teas,  from  which  30CO  doiea  blooms  have  been 
di';patched  this  season  ;  Budded  BRIERS  and  FRUITS.  3000 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  including  1000  in  pots  of  the  ncwe%t 
and  most  useful  sorts  ;  tooo  choice  Seedlings,  and  1000  early 
and  hardy  Market  varieties  planted  out,  a  fine  collection  of 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.  looa  Seedling  DIANTHUS, 
Hybrid  AQUILEGIAS,  DELPHINIUMS,  BULBS,  &c  ; 
about  8  tons  of  Early  W  hite  Hebron,  and  2  tons  of  Utility  new 
late  POTATOS,  4-liEht  half-span  GARDEN  and  other 
FRAMES,  8  Rose  BOXES  and  TUBES,  large  hand  TRUCK 
on  springs,  small  DRESSING  MACHINE  by  Dreschler, 
WEIGHING  MACHINE,  MEASURES,  fat  Yorkshire 
SOW  and  4  oihtr  PIGS,  5  HIVES  of  BEES,  and  numetous 
other  efTtcis. 

May  be  viewed  by  permission.  Catalogues  to  be  had  on  the 
Premises,  of  Mr.  LAXTON,  Seed  Grower,  Bedford;  and  of 
the  Auctioneers.  67,  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E,C. 

P.S.— The  GROUND,  which  can  either  be  secured  for  a 
term,  or  the  main  portion  SOLD  as  FREEHOLD,  is  admirably 
adapted  for  a  Market  Nursery,  lor  which  it  has  been  largely 
and  successfully  used  by  Mr.  Laxton;  it  is  also  very  suitable 
for  a  general  Nursery,  for  which  there  is  an  excellent  opening, 
or  for  a  Seedsman's  Trial  Ground. 


CllUd'3  HUl.  N.  W. 

CLEARANCE  SALE  by  order  of  Mr.  J.  Chcsterman,  who  is 

giving  up  the  Nursery  on  accomt  of  a  family  bereavement. 

Important  to  market  growers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  premises.  The 
Blenheim  Nursery,  The  Mead,  Child's  Hill.  N.W.,  ten 
minutes'  walk  from  Child's  Hill  Station,  on  FRIDAY,  Novem- 
ber rg,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown 
GREENHOUSE  and  STOVE  PLANTS  consisting  of  3600 
Pteris  cretica  in  60  and  48  pots.  3300  Adianturas  in  60,  48,  and 
32  pots,  700  Latanias,  Cocos.  Seaforthias,  Kentias,  &c.,  in  24, 
32,  and  48  pots  ;  900  Palms  in  Go-pots  :  4000  Ferns  of  sorts  ; 
powerful  brown  MARE,  covered  market  VAN,  open  market 
VAN,  WAGONETTE,  two  sets  of  HARNESS,  CHAFF- 
CUTTER,  UTENSILS  in  TRADE,  &c. 

On  view  two  days  piior  to  Sale.  CataloRues  may  be  had  on 
the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneer;,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

N.B.-The  NURSERY  with  Dwelhne  Houses  and  numerous 
Greenhouses  TO  BE  LET  on  LEASE,  or  would  be  SOLD. 
Apply  to  the  Auctioneers. 

In  the  Favourite  Lccallty  of  Woklnj,  Surrey. 

TO    NUKSEKVMEN. 

FOR  SALE,  FREEHOLD  LAND, 
particul.irly  suitable  for  Nursery  purpose?,  situate  wiihin 
half  a  mile  of  Woking  Station,  and  in  the  immediate  neighbour- 
hood cf  several  well-known  Nursery  Gardens.  The  soil  is  deep, 
of  light  textures,  dry  and  easily  worked.  The  land  faces  and 
has  a  gentle  fall  towards  the  south,  thus  securing  good  natural 
drain3ge,  and  the  full  effect  of  the  sun  It  is  well  protected  on 
the  north  and  east,  and  besides  these  natural  advantages  the 
land  also  possesses  a  present  building  value,  it  being  accessible 
from  two  good  roads,  and  houses  are  being  erected  on  adjoining 
lantl.  High  pressure  water  supp'y  laid  on.  No  tithe  or  land 
tax.     Facilities  given  for  payment. 

For  further  p:irticiilars  and  price,  apply  to  HERBERT  H. 
FULLER.  a6.  Chariug  Cross  Lordon,  S  W. 

UOR     SALE,     an    Old-established    SEED, 

J  NURSERY,  and  FRUIT  BUSINESS,  in  good  Market 
Town  in  North  of  England.  Satisfactory  reasons  given  for 
disposal.     Incoming  light. 

A  rare  opportunity  for  a  pushing  man. 
Apply  to  JOHN  MONKHOUSE,  Accountant,  KendaJ. 


November  6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


579 


Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

OLD-ESTABLISHED  BUSINESS   and  GOODWILL. 

FOR  SALE,  privately,  the  extensive  BUSI- 
NESS carried  on  by  John  Stewart  &  Sons,  in  Dundee 
and  BrouEhty  Ferry  for  fifty  years,  with  a  large  English,  Con. 
tinental,  and  .American  connection.  The  stock  is  light,  in  view 
of  dissolving  partnership  on  November  ii,  when  possession  of 
the  premises,  No.  16.  Reform  Street,  Dundee,  can  be  given. 
To  an  active  party  this  well  known  and  lucrative  business  is  a 
most  desirable  opening,  occurring  solely  by  the  sudden  decease 

of  the  partner  who  retained  the  business.  

For    particulars,   apply    to    HENDRY    and    POLLOCK, 
Solicitors,  32,  Bank  Street.  Dundee.    

To  Market  Gardeners,  Florists,  iic. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  immediate  possession, 
33  Acres  of  LAND,  of  excellent  quality,  well  adapted  for 
Fruit  Trees,  Strawberries.  Rose;,  &c.,  14  miles  south-west  from 
London,  and  one  mile  from  a  station. 

For  terms,  apply  to  Messrs.  DOWSETT  and  WOODS,  70, 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields.  W.C. 

Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE   AND  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL     REGISTER     contains      full 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


THE   LAWSON    SEED   AND   NURSERY 
COMPANY  (Limited), 
In  I.i.iutdntion. 
NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN,  that  all  PERSONS  having 
CLAIMS  against  ihis  COMPANY  must  lodge  the  same,  duly 
vouched,  with  the  Subscribers  as  Liquidators,   within  Twenty- 
one  Days  from  this  Date,  and  that  all  Debts  due    to  the  said 
Company  must  in  future  be  paid  direct  to  the  said  L'quidators. 
GEO.  TODD  CHIENE.  C.A. 
JOHN  SCOTT  TAIT,  C.A 
67,  George  Street.  Edinburgh,  October  30,  1886. 


St.  Saviour's  Union,  Surrey. 

To  NURSERYMEN.    LANDSCAPE    GARDENERS, 

AND    OTHERS. 

THE  GUARDIANS  are  desirous  of 
RECEIVING  PLANS.  SPECIFICATIONS,  and 
TENDERS  for  LAYING-OUT  and  PLANTING  the 
GROUNDS  of  their  New  Infirmary,  at  East  Dulwich  Grove, 
Champion  Hill,  S.E..  and  MAKINGUP  the  ROADS  and 
PATHS,  wilh  all  necessary  DRAINAGE.  A  Block  Plan  of 
the  Building,  showing  the  position  of  the  necessary  Roads,  and 
any  further  particulars,  may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the 
Board's  Architects,  Messrs.  JARVIS  and  SON,  of  1%  Trinity 
Square,  Borough,  S  E  Sealed  Tenders,  endorsed,  should  be 
forwarded  to  me  by  noon  on  THURSD.W.  the  iSth  day  ol 
November  next.  The  Guardians  do  not  bind  themselves  to 
accept  any  Plan,  Specification,  or  Tender.  By  orde', 

HOWARD  C.  JONES,  Clerk  to  the  Guardians. 
Clerk's  Offices— Jchn  Street  West,  Blackfriars  Road,  S.E. 

October  26.  1886. 

TT'VERGREENS,  forimmediate  eft'ect.    Well 


IS,  in  fine  condition  for  removal,  at  cheap 


X-1     rooted  Spei 

ARBOR  VlT/f;,  American.  4  to  5  feet,  s  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  ft. 

..     ,.     Siberian,  4  to  5  feet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  3  feet. 
CUPRESSUS  LAWSONII.  4  to  5  ft  ,  5  to  6  ft.,  and  6  to  8  ft. 

,,    ,,    erecta  viridis,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  to  6  f^et. 
LAUBEL,  Common,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5  feet. 

.,     COLCHIC.  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  s  to  6  feet. 
LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  s  feet 
YEWS,  English,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  leet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  7  fi. 

,,     Irish,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  to  6  feet. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  5  to  6  feet,  6  to  7  feet,  and  8  to  10  feet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS.  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  feet. 
WELLINGTONIA  GIGANTEA,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5  feet. 
JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Royal  Ni 


SPECIAL    AND    CHEAP    OFFER. 
TO  THE    TRADE. 
AZALEA    PONTICA.    INDICA  ;    RHODODENDRON 
PONTICUM  ;        HYDRANGEA       PANICULATA      and 
GRANDIFLORA  :  SPIR.B4  JAPONICA  and  PALMATA  ; 
ACER  NEGUNDO   FOMIS  VARTEGATIS  ;    CORVLUS 
AVELLANA  and  PURPUREA  ;  CORNUS  SIBIRICA  and 
SANGUINEA  :        PALMS  —  LATANIA.         PHCENIX, 
CORYPHA,   KENTIA,   ARECA  :    FOREST  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL   TREES    and    SHRUBS  ;       ABIES    NORD- 
MANNIANA. 
Prices  and  full  particulars  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 
P.     E.     FRANCKEN,    Nurseryman,    Steenbrugge,  [near 
Bruges,  Belgi 


QEAKALE- 

0    Offer  ol  Forcii 

-SEAKALE 



Special 

Trade 

g  SEAKALE,  a 

very 

fine  lot  :    also  small 

FERNS  for  growing 

.on,  several  varie 

ies. 

HBT.  TITE, 

Nurseiyman.  Ha 

nptc 

n,  Middle 

ex. 

LILIES,  best  and  cheapest  in  the  Trade. 
LILIUM  AURATUM.  imported  bulbs,  finest  possible 
strain  and  imported  direct  (the  trade  supplied),  41/.,  bd.,  qd., 
IS.  and  \s  td.  each  ;  Established,  u.  and  ij.  (td.  each. 
LILIUM  ALBUM  KR.HPZERI,  best  White  Lily  grown, 
IS.  each;  LILIUM  RUBRUM  CRUENTUM.  is.  each; 
PLATYPHYLLUM.  ss.  each  JAPANESE  IRIS  and  new 
Japanese  Tree  P.(E0N1ES.  ORCHIDS,  the  best  plantsfor  the 
least  money  that  can  be  obtained  anywhere.  Apply  for  Special 
List.  Also  amateurs'  cheap  plants,  for  Greenhouse  culture,  all  at 
as.  td.  each.  ORCHID  PEAT,  finest  selected,  in  4  bushel 
sacks,  6s.     HYACINTHS,  the  best  named.  3s.  6d.  per  dozen. 

Apply  to  W.  GORDON.    Bulb  and   Plant  Importer,   The 
Nurseries,  Twickenham.  Middlesex. 

SHRUBS  and  CONIFER.^.— Laurustinus, 
2  feet,  bushy,  y.s.  per  100.  Arbutus  Uoedo,  2  feet,  40s. 
per  100.  Aucuba  jiponica,  2  to  2K  feet,  40s.  per  100.  Bo\, 
Tree,  soits,  ij^  to  2  feet,  3cs,  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
i2-r.  per  100.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  2%  feet,  16s.  per  ico. 
Grislinia  littoralis,  2  feet,  35s.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay,  1'^  to  2  feet, 
30s.  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  iK  to  2  feet,  30s.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  2^  feet,  40s.  per  100.  extra  fine.  Abies 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  30s.  per  100;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet.  40s.  per 
100  ;  ditto.  4  to  5  feet,  70s.  per  100,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbricata,  2  to  2V^  feer,  42s.  per  dozen  :  ditto,  3  to 
^Vi  feet,  60s  per  dozen.  Cupressus  Lawsonii,  ij^  to  2  feet, 
16s,  per  loD  ;  ditto,  2  to  2j^  feet,  20s.  per  100  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
50s.  per  100.  Cupressus  erecta  viritiis,  \%  to  2  feet,  30s.  per 
100  ;  ditto,  2  to  ^Yi  feet.  4or.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
jy,  to  2  feet,  3^s.  per  100  ;  ditto,  2  to  2j^  feet,  40s.  per  100, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniana,  2  feet,  40s.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2j^  feet,  25J.  per  ico.  Special  olTer  by  the  1000  for  smaller 
sizes.    GARLiES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 


NATIONAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY.  Royal  Aquarium.  Westminster,  S.\V. 
GRAND   CHRYSANTHEMUM,    FRUIT,    and    VEGE- 
TABLE EXHIBITION,  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 
November  10  and  11.     Schedules  free  on  application  to 

Mr.  WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  E. 

The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  on  Wednesdays.  October  27, 
November  10  and  24,  and  December  8,  at  half  past  i  o'clock  r.M 

ATFORD     CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 
Pres:dc}il-Th.t  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Cl.\rhhdon 
The  FIRST  ANNUAL  SHOW  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
and  other  AUTUMNAL  FLOWERS  and  FRUIT  will  be 
held  in  the  Agricultural  Hall,  Watford,  on  TUESDAY  and 
WEDNESDAY,  November  16  and  17.  Schedules  can  be 
obtained  on  application  to  the  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer, 

CHAS.  R.  HUMBERT,  Watford. 
Entries  Clcse  on  November  11. 


HULL   and   EAST      RIDING 
CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  GRAND  EXHI BITION  will  be  held  in  the 
Artillery   Barracks,    Hull,    oil  THURSDAY   and    FRIDAY. 
November  18  and  19,  when  PRIZES  to  the  value  of  /175  will 
be  offeied  lor  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  alone. 

Class  i.— 48  Blooms,  24  to  be  incurved  in  not  less  than 
i3  varieties,  24  to  be  Japanese  in  not  less  than  18  varieties, 
lit  Prize,  .£10  ;  2d,  it,  :  3d,  £5  1  4tb.  Ci- 

Other  Valuable  Prizes.  The  SILVER  CHALLENGE 
VASE,  value  15  guineas,  will  be  offered  wilh  the  ist  prlz;  in 
Class  1.  Entries  Close  November  11.  S:hedules  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Hon.  Sees.. 

R.  FALCONER  JAMESON.)  o„een's  Dock   HulL 
WM.  HAWKSWORTH.  I  '''''"°  ^  ""^  ' 

BIRMINGHAM  and  MIDLAND 
COUNTIES  CHRYSANTHEMUM,  FRUIT,  and 
FLORICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

The  TWENTY.SIXTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  WINTER  -  FLOWERING 
PLANTS  and  FRUITS  will  beheld  in  the  Town  Hall.  Bir- 
mingham,  on  WEDNESD.W  and  THURSDAY,  November  24 
and  25,  when,  in  addition  to  other  liberal  Prizes,  more  than 
FIFTY  POUNDS  will  be  offered  for  Cut  Blooms  of  Chrysan- 
themums, including  i£io  ist,  £7  2d.  Ci  3d.  and  I2  4lh,  for 
43  Blooms.  Open  to  all  England.  Entries  close  November  17. 
Schedules,  Entry  Forms,  and  all  information  can  be  had  on 
application  to  j    HUGHES,  Secrelary. 

Notthwood  Villas,  Metchley  Lane,  Harborne,  Birmingham. 


Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 

EVERGREENS. 
New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen.  Worcester. 


PI  N  E     PLANTS    for    SALE.— Thirty-six 
Charlotte    Rothschild,     and   Twenty    Smooth    Cayenne, 
clean  healthy  stuff,  in  6-ir.ch  pots  ;  all  well  rooted.    Apply  for 

DICK-.ON,  BROWN  &  TAIT,  Seed  Merchants,  Manchester. 


73OSES  —  ROSES  — ROSES. —  Gloire    de 

i-\l  D.j.in.  Matcchal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietta,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  8  to  la  feet  long,  in  7. inch  pots.  2S.  6d.,  3s.  and  3s.  td. 
each;  Niphetos,  Perle  desJardins.Et.ile  de  Lyon,  Mad ime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprui.t,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7  inch  pots.  74s.  and  30s.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
TheLIVERPOOL  HORTICULTUKALCO.  (John Cowan) 
Limited.  The  Vineyard.  Garston.  Liverpool. 


QEAKALE    for    Forcing,   superior 

selected 

00.     Orders 

to  be  accompanied  by  Cheque  or  Post. office  Order 

-ALFRED 

ATWOOD,  Grower,  51,  Shillington  Street,  Batters 

ea.  S.W. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 2D  inches  high— Latania  boibonica,  is.  6d.  :  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  is.  6d.  ;  Areca  lutescens.  is.  bd  ;  Phoc  lix 
reclinata,  is.  6.^.  ;  Euterpe  edulis.  js.  6d.  \  Cor^'pha  australis, 
IS.  6d.  ;  six  for  8s..  or  12s   6rf.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  2s.  to  5s.  each. 

PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seaforthiaelegans.Phrcnix  tenuis  and  Phoenix  redinata, 
6d.  each,  or  4s.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free. 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  5s.  to  50s.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

O     O     DandC     H     E     A     P.— 

40,000  GOOSEBERRIES,  including  Whinham's 
Industry.  15,000  APPLES,  PEARS,  and  PLUMS,  strong 
and  healthy,  in  various  forms.  io,ooo  LAURELS,  Caucasian, 
Common,  and  Rotundifolium.  2  to  4  feet,  extra  fine.  30,000 
Oval  and  Evergreen  PRIVET,  strong  and  bushy,  2  to  4  leet. 
Also  large  stocks  of  Tree  BOX,  AUCUBAS,  THUIAS, 
POPLARS.  LABURNUMS,  LIMES,  SEAKALE,  S:c. 
Special  low  quotations  on  application.  Sample^  of  small 
articles  free,  large  articles  for  stamps.       Our  special  offer  of 


Hartland'8  Original 
"T  ITTLE     BOOKE,"     DAFFODILS, 

-LJ    COWSLIPS,  OXLIPS,  and  PRIMROSES. 

The  severe  satirical  remarks  of  "  (7.  //.  E  "  all  about  Jacob's 
Stone,  The  Lost  Tribes  (the  Irish  ?)  and  VEithetics,  appearing 
in  the  Garden  of  October  2,  on  the  above  "  Little  Booke,"  are 
now  published  in  combination  with  "  IK  B.  H.'s"  reply  (m 
A^/O,  dealing  with  the  history  of  *' tc'irV,?"  and  other  Trumpet 
Dafl'odils  as  found  among  the  lost  tribes  ?  It  may  be  had  free 
for  a  good  sized  stamped  envelope.  "  The  Booke,"  what  little 
of  it  is  left,  may  still  be  had  (over  50  pages)  for  ane  sluUing  ; 
but  in  all  cases  has  been  presented  Gratis  with  Daffodil  orders. 

W.  B.  HARTLAND'S  Old  Established  Garden  Seed  Ware- 
house,  ?4,  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 


To  the  Trade. 
TULES   DE   COCK,  Nurseryman,  Ghent, 

'J  Belgium,  offers  ;-AZALEA,  Madame  Vander  Cruyssen, 
best  lor  forcing,  very  strong  plants,  l.irge  heads,  covered  with 
buds,  ;C8  and  {.,10  per  100  ;  AZALEAS,  very  strong  plants, 
double  white,  2S  ,  4s.,  6s.  8j.,  and  los.  each;  DEUTZIA 
GRACILIS,  strong,  for  forcing,  20s.  per  100;  PRUNUS 
SINENSIS,  do,  do.,  30s.  per  ico  ;  DIELYTRA  SPECTA- 
BILIS,  do,,do.,  20s  per  100;  SPIR.'E-\  JAPONICA,  ^£4,^:5, 
and  16  per  1000  ;  CLIVIA  MINIATA,  best  mixed  sorts,  15s., 
20s  ,  40S  ,  and  60s.  per  loo. 

Cash  with  Order  from  unknown  persons. 


Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E  ;   and  Bush  Hill 
Park  Nursery,  Enfield. 

HUGH      LOW     &     CO. 


Invite  inspection  of  the  stock  in  these  Nu  _ 
extent,  fine  in  quality,  moderate  in  price— comprising  AZA- 
LEAS, CAMELLIAS,  CYCLAMEN,  CONIFER.^.  EPA- 
CRIS.  ERICAS.  FERNS,  FRUIT  TREES,  GRAPE 
VINES,  GREENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS 
HARDY  SHRUBS.  ORCHIDS,  PALMS,  PELARGONI- 
UMS,  ROSES,  STOVE  and  SOFT-WOODED  PLANTS, 
TREE  CARNATIONS,  &c.  MARECHAL  NIEL  ROSE, 
many  thousands,  in  pots,  grand  plants,  5  to  12  feet  in  length, 
i8s.  to  60s.  per  dozen. 

274,600  Super  flclal  Feet  of  Glass. 


SEEDLING         BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW  BOSES  of  1885-6. 

15J.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection). 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  rais«r's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  -jd.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen,  Calvados.  France. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &C., 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSandFLOWERINGSHRUBS 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TRrES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c  , 

May  be  seen  and  pui  chased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(idjoininR  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway, 
hall  an  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  lo-v  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 

ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS,  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, IS.  per  dozen  ;  5s.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  is.  per  dozen:  4s.  per  100;  351. 

VIo'LAS°"nd    bedding    PANSIES.    Alpine    AURICULAS, 

AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  is.  6d.  per  doz;  8s.  per  lOo. 

250,000  Of  the   finest   Hardy  Perennials, 

all  bcit  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  6s.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES,  show  and  fancy,  3s.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  ss.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  3s.  6d.  per  djzen. 
PHLOXES,  I  yea^,  3s.  ;  2  years,  51.  per  dozen. 
PYRETHRUMS,  41.  per  dozen  ;  2;s.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double   white,  lilac  and  sulphur,  3s.    bd.  per 

dozen. 
PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  4s.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  German  IRIS.  2t.  ed.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  English  IRIS.  is.  per  dozen  ;  5s.  per  loo 
HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  4s.  per  dozen  ;  zjr. 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shales,  3s.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  PERENNIALS  m  variety,  for  continuous  bloom, 
izkinds,  3s  ;  zskinds.  6s.  ;  50 kinds.  12s.  6d.  ;  100 varieties, 
30s.  ;  100  plants  in  50  varieties.  iSr.  ;  200  varieties,  60s. 

Stove  and  Greenbouse  Plants. 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy;  five  houses  from  100  to  I20 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  lor  winter  and  spring  stock,  12  varieties,  6s.  ;  25 
varieties,  15s.  ;  50  varieties,  33s. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 
APPLES,  PEARS,    PLUMS,   and  CHERRIES,   Pyramids, 

9s.   and   I2S.  per  dozen:  Standards,  gs,  12s..  and  18s.  per 

dozen  ■  dwarf.lraired,  i8s.,  zis.,  and  2is.  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  2s.  6rf.  1041.  per  dozen 

i<is.  to  20s.  per  too. 
RASPBERRIES,  is  to  is.  per  dczen  ;  6s.  to  izs.  per  too. 
RHU  BARB,  4s.  to  6s.  per  dozen.     CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,    33  of  the  best  varieties,  ground  plants. 

2S,  td.  per  100  :  in  2^  inch  pets,  los.  6d.  per  100  :  in  5. inch 

pots,  for  forcing,  25s.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  31. 

to  ss.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  7s.  td.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Koses. 
Well  rootid.  hardy  pLants  of  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  7s.  ;  50  for  255.  ;  lOO  for  45s. 

MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,   NOISETTES,  &c,  ts.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees.  Evergreen  and  Deciduous   Shrubs, 

Conifers,  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  a'l  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
most  healihy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
FOREST  TREES  of  sorts.  6s.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  per  100. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  to  9s.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  and  60s. 

DECIDUOUS,  a'l  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  4s.  per  dozen; 

RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet,  pink,  crimson,  &c  , 

shades,  i8s.  and  24s.  per  dczen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  lor  hedges,   £l.   per   ico  ;    45t. 

THORN  QUICKS,  20s.  and  35s.  per  1000. 

^^  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
qualify  at  Iffiv  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalopie.  

WM.    CLIBRAN    &    SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 


58o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  i8 


Novelty  ! 

CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANAROBUSTA. 
—This  variety,  raised  by  me  in  1874,  and  introduced  into 
the  Trade  in  i£8t,  is  dibtinguished  by  its  strong,  erect  growth, 
and  beiutiful  dark  green  colour.  It  is  one  of  the 
varieties  ever  raised.  It  did  not  suffer  in  the  least  e 
severe  winters  of  1879  and  18S0,  when  most 
Cupressus  were  more  or  less  injured.  Plants  of  4  feet 
^6  per  100  ;  2  feet  8  inches^  ;^3  per 


Dede 


Zwolle.    Netherlands. 


THE  AUTUMN  for  FOREST  PLANTING 
and  HEDGING— Alder,  3  to  4  feet,  221.  per  1000. 
Ash.  2  to  3  feet,  lyj.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  i  to  4  feel.  2oJ-  per  1000. 
Birch,  2  to  3  feet,  20J.  per  1000.  Spanish  Chestnuts.  2  to  3  feet. 
2C5.  per  1000.  Elm,  2  to  3  feet.  i6j.  per  coco  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
•ios.  per  1000.  Larch,  i  to  ij^  foot,  \2S  td.  per  loco ;  ditto, 
I'i  to  2  feet,  141.  per  1000 ;  ditto,  2  to  2j^  feet,  i6j,  per  1000 ; 
ditto,  lYz   to  3  feet,  i8j.   per  1000;  dit^o,  3  to_4  feet. 


I'/J  foot, 

2  t0  2j^ 

Scotch 

.  3  to  4 
p ;  ditto. 
Privets, 
■H  feet. 


J  6  feet.  351.  per  1000.     Spruce  Fir 
lor.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  \\i  to  2  feet,  i2j.  per  1000  ;  d 
feet,  i6j.  per  icoo  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  bushy,  xos.  p^r  : 
Fir.  I  to  \%  foot,    131.  per  icoo ;  ditto,    2  10  252   f 
lox).     Hazels,  3  feet,  20J.  per  loco.     Oak.«.  2  to  3  I 
per   1000.     Sycamore,  2  to  3  feet,  i6i.  per  1000;  1 
leet,  20J.  per  1000.     Thorns.  \%  to  2  feet,  141.  per 
2  to  2j<  feet,  165.  per  1000;  ditto,  3  feet,  201.  per  ic< 
a  to  3  feet,   i6s.   per  1000.     Privets  ovalifolium,  2 
30J.  per  1000;  ditto,  4  feet,  extra  bushy,  i2j.  per  100.     J 
2  to  aji  feet,  i8j.  per  icoo.     Myrabolana  Plum,  a  feet,  2 
loco.     Special  offer  by  50/00  and  100,000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 


NARCISSUS 

AND 

DAFFODILS. 

WARE'S    SPECIAL    CATALOGUE 

of  these  is  deserving  of  the  attention  of  all  who 
take  any  interest  in  this  important  family,  seeing 
that  it  includes  almost  every  variety  in  culti- 
vation which  can  really  claim  to  be  distinct  or 
efifective.  All  the  forms  are  fully  described,  and 
many  of  the  most  important  are  illustrated. 

Copies  of  the  above  CATALOGUE  may  be 
had  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    S.    WARE. 

HALE    FARM    NURSERIES, 
TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 

FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FRUIT  TREES, 
as  Standards,  Dwarfs,  Pyramids,  Bushes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES,  excellent  Canes,  31.  td.  to  lol  bd.  Orchard  House 
Trees  in  pots,  PEACHES,  Ai-RlCOrS,  NECTARINES,  &c., 
from  5J.     FIGS  from  3^,  bd. 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  cf  the  various 
forms  cf  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure,  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping.  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Size,  Form,  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour, Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price, &c.,  free  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


jfOREST,  f  RUIT 


«i    ALL    OTHER 


^REES  a^  ip^LANTS. 


»oS^gvg^^^^^^^^^^s.o 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


F.   &  A.   DICKSON    k   SONS, 


CHESTER. 


International  Exhibition,  Liverpool,  1 886. 

MESSRS.    F.   &  A.   DICKSON   &   SONS 
have  pleasure  in  announcing    that    the    Jurors    have 


Awarded  them        ,pgg     gQj_j,     jiEDAL, 

Highest  Award,  for  their  Exhibit  of  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

Nurseries  over  2ooacre5io  extent.  Forest  Trees,  Fruit  Trees, 
Roses,  Evergreens,  Coniferse,  Covert  Plants,  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  &c. 

Forest  Tree  CATALOGUE  Gratis  and  Post-'ree  on  appli- 

Trees.  Plants,  Seeds,  and  every  requisite  for  Garden,  Farm, 
or  Estate. 


'HJ^. 


THE     "UPTON"     NURSERIES, 

AND    106,    EASTGATE    STREET,    CHESTER. 


CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 
100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

m  too  varieties,  for  ^^s.,  6jr.,  or  105J. 

Other  offers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application. 
Choice  Varieties  of  the  following:  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS,  is.  ;    12  Yellow -flowered,  12s. 
12  PINKS,    Laced   Flowers,  4s.  and  65.,  strong  plants. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA,  covered  with  flower  buds,  181.  and  10. 
12    ,.     MOLLIS,  ditto,  Boe  for  cutting,  ijj.  and  i8j. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  flower  buds,  jii.,  30J.,  42J. 
12  CROTONS,  choice  varieties,  is.,  gs.,  12s. 
12  DRACffiNAS.  choice  varieties,  6s.,  gs.,  lis  ,  181. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  for  cool  or  warm  house,  In  12,  24, 
or  36  varieties,  at  2ts.  and  42J.  per  dozen. 
„    100  varieties,  ^oos.  ;  50  varieties,  loos,  and  150J. 
1000  BULBOUS  FLOWER  BOOTS,  us. 


E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,    Maida  Vale, 

LONDON,     W. 


BULBOUS 
FLOWER  ROOTS. 

A  very  choice  Collection, 
embracing 

HYACINTHS,      LILIES, 
CROCUS,    TULIPS, 

&c. 

CARRIAGE     FREE. 

Priced  Catalogues  post-free. 

James  Dickson  &  Sons" 


108  Iv.VSTGATE  ST. 
'NEWTON'   NURSERIES 


^CHESTER. 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  ds.  per  bushel 
[is.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed    cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
-j     WM.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 
-■^  (Lunited),       Nurserymen    and    Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries.  N. 


laiTTR 


CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 


Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CATALOGUES    Post-free. 

J  HHEAL^SONS 

l#iW'. Crawley,        W  Sussex. 


PAUL  &  SON'S 

Great    'Hardy   Plant"   Nurseries, 
THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT. 

Station  Great  Eastern  Railway,  13  juiles  from  London. 


TBE  NEW  EDITION  OF  ROSE 

and  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Tree  Catalogues  are  carefully  pre- 
pared and  worth  consulting  by  Planters. 
Post-free  on  application. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  CHESHUNT  B0SE3 

have  maintained  the  8a  years'  reputation  of  Paul's  Firm. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  FKUIT  TKEE3. 

Unquestionably  the  finest  standard  Apples,  Pears,  and 
Plums  in  the  Trade.  50.000  for  Sale.  Large  planters 
should  come  direct  to  the  producers. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  OBNAKIENT&L  TREES. 

Particoloured,  Avenue,  or  Shelter  Trees  in  almost  un- 
rivalled variety. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  SHRUBS  &  EVERGREENS 

Hollies— 8  acres  of  the  fioest  Gold  and  Silver  Vinds.  All 
evergreens  so  Irequtnily  transplanted  as  to  be  safe  to  remove, 

PAUL  &  SON'S  AUERICAN  PLANTS. 

Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  smothered  with  bud.  Grown 
in  loam  at  the  High  Beech  Nursery. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  HERBACEOUS  &  ALPINE 
PLANTS. 

An  immense  variety  at  the  new  Broxbourne  Nursery 
specially  devoted  to  these  plants. 

PAUL     &     SON, 

THE    OLD     NURSERIES,     CHESHUNT 

were  the  continuous  exhibitors  at  the  Coliodries. 


BE     CAREFUL    IN     THE    ADDRESS. 

HERBACEOUS 

AND   ALPINE    PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  of  50  Pages,  containing  full  information  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,  time  of  flowering,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDEKS,  from  251.  pc;  100,  or  ^s.  per  dozen 

Most  of  the  Plants  being  in  Pots  m:iy  be  despatched  3 
time,  or  by  Parcel  Post  when  fit. 


t  any 


RICHARD      SMITH     &     CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER. 

BAUMFORTH'S 
SEEDLING    RASPBERRY. 

THIS  new  and  splendid  Raspberry  has  now 
so  thoroughly  established  itself  a  popular  lavourite  with 
the  Growers  for  Market,  the  Gentleman's  ubie,  and  especially 
the  Exhibitor,  throughout  the  Kingdom,  that  it  is  almost  super- 
fluous now  to  make  a  repetition  of  its  merits  in  detail.  Suffice 
it  to  say,  during  the  time  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  introducing 
it,  I  have  been  (avoured  with  orders  for  over  150,000  plants, 
which  are  distributed  over  all  parts  of  the  World,  and  the 
hundreds  of  voluntary  testimonials  received  in  its  (avour  fully 
confirm  my  previous  description  of  its  sterling  properties,  and 
entitle  it  to  be  classed  the  most  popular  and  finest  variety  cf 
Raspberry  in  cultivation,  alike  for  produce,  size,  deep  c 
colour,  quality,  and  strong  rot 


/  am  o^erin^  Canes  thi. 


at  the  following  reduced 


Planting  Canes,  l5s.  per  100.  3s.  per  doz. 
Fruiting  Canes.  22s.  6d.  per  100,  48.  per  doz. 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 


EDMUND    PHILIP    DIXON, 

Nurseties-HULL  and   BURTON-CONSTABLE. 
Seed  EsUblishment— 57,  QUEEN  STREET,  HULL. 

STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

1  small  pots,  i6f.  per  tco  ; 
rriptive  LIST  irec. 
Nurserymen    aud    Seed 


AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

GROWN    BV 

WM.   RISLEY,  Mariisbiirg,  Natal. 

(The  Original  Grower.) 
These  splendid  Bulbs,  superior  to  any  in  the  market,  are  now 
being  supplied  to  the  Trade  and  Growers  at  greatly  reduced 
prices,  and  such  as  defy  competition.  Special  quotations  given. 
Cases  free.  Terms  net  cash  i  month.  For  further  particulars, 
apply  to 

WM.      G.      MAC       GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


November  6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


581 


s 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
NorthRnw.CoventGarden,  London.W.C.  REQUTREany 
quani>ty  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomalos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c 

QUELCH     AND     BARNHAM, 

giving  personal  attention  to  all   c'>nsiEnments,  they  are 
enabled  to  obiain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

QUELCH      AND     BARNHAM, 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES   forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

INES. — Strong   and  extra   strong,  ripened 

ilhout  bottom-heat ;  leading  varieties,  5J.,  7J.  6d.,  and 


s 


V 


LIMES   —    ELMS—  LIMES. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best     red-twigged     variety,      12    to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN    PERKINS   and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Northampton. 

ESSRS.   FRED.   HORSMAN  and  CO., 

Orchid  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
their  new  interleaved  CATALOGUE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO  .  Colchester. 


ROSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — The  finest 
Dwarf  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  6j. 
per  dozen,  package  included.  Special  prices  for  quantities. 
The  Trade  supplied. 

A.    U.    GORRINGF,    7;,    Terminus    Road,    Eastbourne. 


B.        S.        ^V  I  L  L  I  A  M  S' 

ANNUAL 

EXHIBITION  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  ETC, 

IS   NOW   ON   VIEW   AT  THE 

VICTORIA    AND     PARADISE     NURSERIES, 

UPPER     HOLLOWAY,     LONDON,     N. 
Admission  Free  to  Patrons  of  tbe  EstabUebment.  or  on  Presentation  of  Card. 


NEW    PEA. 


SHARPE'S    QUEEN. 

/^UR    NEW    PEA  — QUEEN  — 

surpasses  everything  we  have  ever  had  the 
pleasure  of  submitting  to  our  Customers,  in  habit, 
cropping  qualities,  colour  and  flavour  ;  it  is  the  perfection 
of  a  Pea  for  every  purpose,  and,  by  successive  sowings, 
so  continuous  a  crop  can  be  obtained,  that  it  will  be 
almost  unnecessary  to  cultivate  any  other  variety. 

The  QUEEN  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  Pea,  about 
2  to  2h  feet  in  height,  of  a  sturdy  branching  habit  ;  it 
requires  to  be  sown  thinly,  as  the  pods  are  produced 
from  the  very  bottom  of  the  plant  to  the  top.  The  pods 
are  large,  green,  slightly  curved,  and  so  filled  with  Peas 
that  when  opened  it  would  appear  impossible  they 
could  be  contained  in  the  pod.  The  Peas  are  large, 
oval,  deep-green,  and  of  a  delicious  flavour  when  cooked. 
We  feel  we  cannot  say  too  much  in  its  praise,  and  are 
confident  our  Customers  will  agree  with  us,  it  is  the 
very  best  Pea  ever  sent  out. 


King's  Acre  Nurseries,   Hereford. 


Price,  21-  per  Half-pint,  Seaied  Pacl^ets. 

TRADE  PRICE  ON  APPLICATION. 


CHAELES  SHAEPE  &  CO., 

SEED     MERCHANTS, 

SLEAFOED. 


Established,  1785. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 


T/iese  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  uhsurpassedfor  the  cultivation  of 

KOSES    and    FRUIT    TREES. 


JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO. 

are  now  offering  from  their  magnificent  stock 
ROSES,    Standard    Hybrid     Perpetual,     and 

others,  \^s.,  i8j.  to  24J.  per  dozen. 

„     Standard   Tea-scented,   fine   heads,    iSj., 

245.  to  30J.  per  dozen, 

„     Dwarf  Hybrid  Perpetual,  Sx.  to  12;-.  per 
„     Dwarf  Tea-scented,  all  on  the  Brier  stock, 

12J.,  15J  ,  to  185   per  dozen. 

Roses  for  Greenhouses  and  for  Forcing, 

SPECIALLY  GROWN  UNDER  GL.^SS. 
"  The  Largest  and  Finest  Stock  In  the  Kingdom.' 
ROSES,  Specimen  Tea-scented,  in  Sand  g-inch 

,,     Half-Specimens,  in  6  and  S-inch  pots. 
„     Smaller  sizes,  in  4  and  5-inch  pots. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

AN  IMMENSE  STOCK. 
Standards,  Pyramids.Dwarf-trained,  Horizontal- 
trained,  Cordons,  &c.,  of 
APPLES,    PEARS,    PLUMS,    CHERRIES, 
PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  APRICOTS, 
CURRANTS,  GOOSEBERRIES,  &c. 


ORCHARD-HOUSE    TREES. 

Fine   bearing  Trees,  well  ripened  under  Glass. 

VINES— Extra  fine  Fruiting  Canes. 
STRAWBERRIES— A  large  Collection— well- 
rooted  Runners. 


Pescriptive  CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 

KING'S  ACRE  NURSERIES,  HEREFORD. 


A  NNOU^CEMENT. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

ReprintfmnthelaitiisueofttieJourn.ilofHotliculture: 
■•  Whatever  p  ants  Messrs.  Catinell  it  Sons  take  in  hand  are 
certain  to  be  Eio»n  extensively  and   well.     Not  a  fi-v  scores  or 
hundreds.  S.it  tnousai.ds  are  needed  to  m.ke  a  tfisplay  propor- 
t'on ale  to  the  requirements  of  the  est  .blishtnent.     So  it  is  with 
the    Chrya-  themums  ;  6000  plants   are  grown  for  the  atinual 
show  in  the  Swanley  Nursery,  and  to  these  are  apoioptiated 
four  span  houses,  too  feet  long  each  and  23  feet  wide.  ' 
Mr   W  L.  ToisiN.  HS.H.  PmNCEEuwMoorSAXEWE.MiVii 
DuUin,  October  30.  1886. 
'•  1  have  to  inform  you  lh«  H  S.H.  the  Princess  of  Saxe 
Weimar  is  much  pleased  with  the  Chtysanthemums  you  sent— in 
fact,  ihey  cannot  have  too  much  praise." 

Dr.    ScHOMBURCK,    Bslaiiu-  G.trdctis,   Adttaide.   South 

Australia,  February  \2,  1S86. 
'•  Dear  Sir.— The  plants  arrived  in  splendi^d  conditicn,  and 
gave  every  satisfaction  ;  not  one  has  perished." 
Mr.  A.  Balmeb,  Waietto-.on,  Niiti  Vork,  U.S  A.,  June  18. 
"  Four  boxes  of  Chrysanthemums  to  hand  in  grand  condition. 
For  packing  plants  fjr  mall  you  lake  ihe  lead  ;  accept  my 
hearty  thanks." 

W.  H.  CULLINGFORD,  Esq.,  Sea/ord,  Manli  14,  i836. 
"  The    Chrysanthemums  I  requested  you  to  forward  to  Mr. 
Adam  Forsyth,  of  Oamaiu,  New  Zealand,  aU  arrived  in  go^d 
This  has  given  me  grea    jleasure." 


F.   N.  Griffiths.   Esq..   Rolcigiri,  Nilgi'i,   India, 

January  12.   1886. 

■'  A   line  to  tell  you  that  the  Chrysanthemums  you  sent  me 

arrived  on  the  glh  inst.,  all  in  excellent  t:oodition,  and^^maie 

growth  on  the  journey.    The  packing  was  iimply  perfect. "j  i_j_^ 


H.    CANNELL    &    SONS. 

THE      HOME      OF      FLOWERS, 
SWANLEY,    KENT 


582 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[NOVZMBKK  6,    1886, 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDV 

DAFFODILS. 

BARR  &  SON,  12,  King  St ,  CoTent  Garden,  W.C. 


'?'P 


BARR'S  NEW  or  RARE  HARDY  DAFFODILS 

for  Pot  Culture,  Flower  Beds.  Borders.  &c. ; 
for  Descriptive  List  of  Varieties,  see  Advertisement, 
"  The  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. '  October  30 ;  or,  send 
for  B  &  S  's  Illustrated  DAFFODIL  CATALOGUE,  free 
on  application. 

These  beautiful  New  Daffodils  surpass  all  other 
spring  flowers,  whether  for  in  or  outdoor  decoration, 
and  as  cut  flowers  they  vie  with  the  Orchid  and  the 
Rose.  In  the  London  Spring  Flower  Shows  for  twenty 
years  Barr's  Daffodils  have  occupied  a  leading  posi- 
tion, and  are  now  the  most  favoured  flowers  of  spring. 

Barr's  inexpensive  Hardy  Daffodils. 

These  surpass  in  beauly  and  effect  all  other  s;  ring  flowers  for 
Beds,  Masses  in  Flower  Borders,  Shrubberies,  and  to  Naturalise 
in  Grass,  beside  Streams.  Lakes,  Ponds,  or  for  Pot  Culture. 
As  a  Cut  Flower  the  Daffodil  is  prized  beyond  all  others. 
Its  culture  is  simple,  srowinff  in  a'l  soils  and  ail  situations  ;  no 
amount  of  frot>t  will  injure  bulb  or  flower.  Grown  three  in  a 
pot,  they  should  be  treated  like  the  Hyacinth  ;  or  if  forced  for 
cut  flowers,  plant  in  common  boxes  about  9  by  15  inches  and 
4  inches  deep  ;  the  bulbs  planted  close  together,  the  boxes  or 
p-Dts  placed  out-ol-doors  and  covered  with  ashes  or  Cocoa-fibre, 
and  there  left  till  the  top  of  the  bulb  has  grown  about  an 
inch.  The  baxes  may  then  be  placed  under  glass  as  required. 
A  warm  moi=t  atmosphere  ensures  the  best  results,  but  an 
nheated  greenhouse  might  be  kept  gay  with  these  charming 


flowers  from  January  to  May. 


Pen 


Per  do: 


CHOICE  MIXED  DAFFODILS  for  natura- 
lisation or  fcr  shrubbeiies,  per 
1000,425 56 

FINE  MIXED  DAFFODILS  for  naturalisa- 
tion or  for  shrubberies,  per    1003,  30J.       4     6 

GREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed 
varieties,  valuable  for  naturalisation 
and  cuttine,  per  1000,  63J.        . .  . .       76 

,,     .,     ,,     second  sized  bulbs,  per  1000,  30J.       4     6 

LENT    LILIES    OF    ENGLAND,     pei.ils 
white,  trumpet  yellow,  valuable  Daf- 
fodils for  naturalisation,  per  1000,  255.       3     o 
.,     ,,     „     second  sized  bulbs,  per  1000,  isi.       2     6 

GARLAND  LILIES  OF  SCOTLAND,  pe- 
tals  white,  trumpet  yellow,  valuable 
Daffodil      for       naturalisation^       per 

1000,  42J. 56 

,,     ,,     ,,    second  sized  bulbs,  per  icoo,  21J.       3    o 

Trumpet  Daffdoils. 

LARGE  YELLOW  HOOP  PETTICOAT, 

very  beautiful      . .  . .  . .  . .      r  2     Ci 

ABSCISSUS,  petals  sulphur  yellow,  long  nar- 

EDWARD  LEtDS,  large,   handsome,   rich, 

uniform  yellow  petals  and  trumpet    ..     30    o 
MAJOR,    uniform    rich     yellow    petals    and 

"umpet ..         ..     15    o 

second  sized  bulbs     10    6 
OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffodil),  very  early 
flowering,  uniform  yellow    petal  and 

trumpet 12     6 

extra  sized  bulbs     17     6 
RUGILOBUS,  primrose  petals,  large  yellow 

trumpet 25     o 

S  PUR  I  US,  rich  full  yellowpetals  and  trumpet, 

large  flowered     ..         ,.         ..         ..     15    o 
second  sized  bulbs     10     6 
SPURIUS   YELLOW    KING    (Ard    Righ), 

large  rich  yellow  petals  and  trumpet         .,     40    o 
BICOLOR  HORSFIELDI,  large  and  early  ; 
petals  white,  trumpet  yellow 

second  sized  roots 
„    GRANDIS,  the  largest  of  the  blcolors  ; 
petals  white,  trumpet  yellow 

second  sized  roots 
CAMBRICUS.   sulphur-white  petals,  yellow 

trumpet 15     o 

PRINCEPS,  sulphur-white  petals,  very  large 

yellow  trumpet 12     6 

second  sized  bulbs    10    6 
PALLIDUS    PR.tCOX.    a    Er«;at    beiuty  ; 

uniform  pale  sulphur  petals  and  trumpet     ic    o 
TELAMONIUS  PLENUS.  strong  flowenng 

bulbb  of  the  large  double  Daffodil.,       7    6 
veiy  large  bulbs     10     6 


Chalice  Cup-shaped  GreatNonsuchBaflTodils. 

Per  doz.  Each. 

J.  d.  J.  d. 
CONCOLOR,    petals  and  cup  yellow,  large 

flower 210  36 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs     ii     6  26 

EDWARD  HART,  full  yellow  petals  and  cup     30    o  56 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs     210  30 
FRANK  MILES,  very  large  flower,  yellow 

petals  and  cup..         .,         ..         . .     30    o  56 

second  size  flowering  bulbs     21     o  30 
FIGARO,  yellow  petals,  large  orange-stained 


cup 


second  sized  flowering  bulbs 
FAIRY,  yellow  petals,  cup  elegantly  edged 
orange  . .         

second  sized  flowering  bulbs 
GLOW,  yellow  petals,  cup  margined  orange  .. 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs 

SUNLIGHT,    yellow     petals,     cup    stained 

oiange 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs 
SULPHUREUS,  sulphur  petals,  cup  yellow 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs 
ASTR.*:A,  sulphur  petal?,  yellow  cup 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs 
JOHN  BULL,  sulphur  petals,  cup  yellow, 
large  and  spreading    . . 

second  sized  flowering  bulbs 
LONGSHANKS.  sulphur  petals,  large  yellow 


3^ 


second  sized  roots  12 
SANCHO,  sulphur  petals,  yellow  cup,  tinged 

orange    ..  ..  ..  ,.  ..id 

second  sized  bulbs  7 

ALBIDUS,  sulphur-white  petals,  yellow  cup  .  10 

second  aized  bulbs  7 
ANNIE  BADEN,  sulphur-white  petals,   ele- 

gaat  cup            25 

second  sized  bulbs  r2 
CYNOSURE,    primrose  petals,    long  orange- 
stained  cup       ,.         ..          ..          ..21 

second  sized  bulbs  12 

LORENZO,  self  primrose  petal,  yellow  cup  . .  30 

S2Cond  sized  bulbs  zr 

STELLA,  large  white  petals,  large  yelhw  cup  18 

second  sized  buibs  10 

BARRl,   GOLDEN    MARY,   yellow    petals 

and  cup 7 

second  sized  bulbs  5 
„       SULPHUREUS,    primrose    petals, 

yellow  cup        15 

second  sized  bulbs  7 

,,    ADA,  sulphur- white  petals,  yellow  cup..  ?i 

second  sized  bulbs  10 
„    JOHN    STEVENSON,    sulphur-white 

petals,  lar£e  spreading  yellow  cup..  40 

second  sized  bulbs  21 

Eucharis-flowered  Daffodils. 

LEEDSI    AMABILIS,   large   white    petals, 

long  white  cup  ..         ..         ..40 

second  sized  bulbs  21 
DUCHESS    OF     BRABANT,    white 

petals,  canary  cup      ..  ..  ..40 

second  sized  bulbs  21 

Sundry  Daffodils. 

HUME'S  SULPHUR,  a  fine  hybrid,  i^ulphur- 

white  petals,  yellow  cup      ..         --15 

second  sized  bulbs  10 
MACLEAYI,  a  miniature  bicolor,  white  and 

yellow         IS 

second  sized  roots  10 
ODORUS,  large  self,  yellow,  handsome  Jon- 
quil, with  sixlobed  cup           ,.         ..  10 
second  sized  bulbs  5 
„     RUGULOSUS,  large  self,  yeUow,  hind- 
some  Jonquil,  with  straight  cup        ..  10 

BUTTER  AND  EGGS,  large  double  yellow,  ^ 

with  orange  nectary                 ..         ..  6 

second  sized  bulbs  4 
EGGS  AND   BACON,   large    double  white 

with  orange  nectary       ..  ..  ..12 

second  sized  bulbs  7    1 
CODLINS    AND    CREAM,    large    double 

white  with  fu'phur  nectary     ,,          ..  35 

second  sized  bulbs  2[ 

Burbidge's  Daffodil. 

BURBIDGE'S  early-flowering  POETICUS, 

white  petals,  scarlet- itained  cup        ..  13 

second  sized  bulbs  7 

,,    YELLOW  POETICUS  B02   ..         ..  2t    ■ 

second  sized  bulbs  15 
.,    early-flowenng    WHITE     POETICUS 

DANDY          21    , 

second  sized  bulbs  10    ■ 
„     early.floweting    WHITE     POETICUS 

MARY,  large  suffused  orange  cup  .  25 

second  sized  bulbs  12 
,,     early-flowering    WHITE     POETICUS 

ROBIN  HOOD                  ..         ..  25    . 

second  sized  bulbs  12    > 

Poet's  Flowered  Daffodil, 

POETICUS      ANGUSTIFOLIUS,      early- 

flowering  Poet's  Daffodil         . .  10    1 

second  sized  bulbs  8     > 
„     ORNATUS.   the    broad-petalled    Poet's 

early  flowering  Daffodil            ..          ..  12     1 

secoud  sized  bulbs  8     1 
POETICUS    OF   GARDENS,    large    white 

petals,  orange  rim  cup  . .         ■ .         . .  51 

smaller  roots  3     I 
GARDENIA  -  FLOWERED         DOUBLE 

WHITE  DAFFODIL                    ..  71 

smaller  bulba  5     ( 
PRIMROSE  PEERLESS  DAFFODIL,  per 
,  3or. 


Belectlons  from  the  foregoing  Daffodils  33.  6d  to  iCSe. 


BARR    &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,  CoventGarden,W.C. 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 


FOR  PLANTING 


In  Masses,  Shrubberies& Borders, 

Per  ICOO.  Per  loo. 

HYACINTHS,    equal    quantities    red,      I.  d.  s.    d. 

white,   and  blue      IBO  0  16    0 

TULI  PS,  double  or  single,  fine  mixed  . .     40  0  4    6 

NARCISSUS,  mixed  border     26  0  3    0 

NAECiSSUS,  sweet-scented  double  ....     60  0  6    6 

NARCISSUS,  Pheasant-eye     30  0  3     6 

DAFFODIL,  double  yellow 30  0  3    6 

DAFFODILS,  sioRle  Trumpet 25  0  3    0 

CROCUS,  fine  mixed 12  6  16 

CROCUS,  Bolden-yeUow    10  6  13 

CROCUS,  large  blue  13  6  16 

CROCUS,  large  white 14  6  19 

CROCUS,  large  striped      14    6  19 

IRIS,  fine  mixed  Spanish 20  0  2     6 

ORNITHOGALUM  (Star  of  Bethlehem)    30  0  3    6 

BLUEBELLS 30  0  3    6 

SCILLA  PRJECOX  or  SIBIRICA   ....    30  0  3    6 

SNOWDROPS 21  0  2    6 

WINTER  ACONITES,  yellow 21  0  2    6 

All  Parcels  Carriage  Free. 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE 
Sbedsmi 


'  KovAL  Commands  to  H.M.  the  Quehn 
AND  H.R.H.  T»K  Prince  of  Wales, 

High  Hoiborn,  London,  W.C. 


TO       THE      TRADE. 

CAPE         BULBS. 

"IHE  CAPETOWN  BOTANIC  GARDENS 

-      are  Booking  Orders  for  BULBS,  deliverable  in  January 


ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  Is 
per  dozen,  6o.r.  per  lOO.  STANDARDS,  15J. 
per  dozen,  1055-.  per  100.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  World-famed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
i;ive  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  \%s.  to  36.?.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 


RICHARD    SMITH 

WORCESTER. 


&    CO., 


B.  8.  WILLIAMS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 

FOR 

BEDS i BORDERS 

As  Supplied  to  the  Whole  of  the 
London  Parks  this  Season. 


special    Quotations    and  further    Particulars 
will  be  Supplied  on  application. 

Victoria   and    Paradise    Nurseries, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAY, 

LONDON,    N. 


November  6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


583 


AV 


sj 


LILIUM    LONGIFLORUM    FLORIBUNDUU. 

This  IS  the  handsome  free-flowering  Easter  Lily,  imported 
direct  from  Bermuda,  invaluable  for  pot  culture,  its  pure  white 
fljwers  being  borue  in  the  greatest  profusion. 

Flowering  Bulbs,  241.  per  dozen. 

LILIUM  AURATUM,   by  the  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand, 

at  4J.,  6r.,  9r.,  i2j.,  i8.-.,  and  24J.  per  dozen. 

BULB       CATALOGUE. 

containing  Priced  List  of  Lilie-,  free  ou  application. 

WILLIAM       BULL,       F.L.S., 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants, 
536,     KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 

SPECIAL     CULTURE    OE 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

The  lUuslratcd  and  Descriptive  CA  TALOGUE  e/PR  UITS 

Fe,sl-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 


THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgevvorth,  Herts. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  tl. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  130 

including     Descriptive     "List    of 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  A: 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE. 

Contains  List  of  all  Varie'.ies  of 

ENGLISH,    DUTCH,    and    FRENOH-QROWN    BULBS. 

Fnees  (/  •,•»>■  /.oi,.)  „uiy  h-  haj  m  aPtlicalion. 

Special  Quotations  for  tlie  following  in  quantity  :- 
100,000  SINGLE  DAFFODILS.  leyed). 

50,000  NABCiaSXJS  POETIC  OS   (['hcasant- 
50,000  NAKCIS80S  (Double  White). 

CHIONODOXA    LUCILIiE,     large. 

English-grown. 

100,000  SCILLA  SIBIEICA,  rich  blue  ;  bloom- 
ing  same  time  as  the  Snowdrop. 
10,000  HYACINTHS,  mixed,  all  colours;   fine 

sample,  very  cheap. 

100,000  CH0CU8  (Yellow). 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and    Bi;le    Merchants, 
13,    EXETER    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,     W.C. 

JERSEY    FRUIT    TREES. 

Carriage  Paid  fir  Cash  with  Order.  Write  for  Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  View 
Nurseries,  who  wilt  send.  Carnage  Paid  for  Cash  with  Order, 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21- 


VERTEGANS' 

NEW    FRUITS. 

M  0VEL-STARTLING-DELICI0X7S. 


and 

ver  before 

have   s 

-.  It 

anv  wonderf,, 

.   delicious, 

attractive  f 

uits  be 

en 

rlaced  before 

he  horticuU 

world. 
See  niuitr 

iteetL: 

l! 

^^r.ttis  aTtd pc 

sl/ree. 

Blackberry.    "Best  of 

All"  (black). 

,,    "  Crystal "  (white). 
,,    "Golden     Queen'' 


(rosy  pink;. 

"Evergreen    Mar- 
vel"      (evergreen 

Melon-Pear  '''CurloBlty " 

(novel  and  charming) 

Apricot,    "  Siberian:" 
grow  anywhere. 


"Blue    Kins' 

(blue  berries). 


Orape   Fruit ' 

1       pale 
yellow). 


'iBlue  Jerry_!' 

(unusually  hardy 
edible  fruit). 


N  .ff.— Those  who  neelect  to  send  for  List 

w\\\  cer- 

tainlv     afterwards    exoerience    disapDoinrmen 

.   when 

thev  find  their  neiehbniir^  in  oosse-Jsion  fat  a  comoara- 

tive  small  (;cst)  of  novel  snd  delicious  fruits. 

■ 

///;. 


ed  Liit. 


yeilis  and  f't  free. 


B.    H.    VEBTEGANS,    F.R.H.S., 
Chad    VaUey    NurEerlee,     Birmingham. 

(where  all  letters  should  be  addressed). 

Branch         1  Markfet  Hali  Birmingham, 
Establislimsn'.s,  (  and  at  Malvern. 

A.  W.  Crews,  Manaitr.  Established  1851. 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER   6,    1886. 


NEWBURY  AND  NEIGHBOUR- 
HOOD. 
BERKSHIRE  is  noted  for  other  things 
besides  its  breed  of  pigs.  It  contains 
many  famous  gardening  estabhshments  and 
places  of  historic  interest.  Local  records  tell 
us  that  few  of  the  stately  residences  built 
by  the  merchant  princes  of  Elizabethan  days 
are  more  characteristic  than  Shaw  House, 
Newbury.  Built  by  Thomas  Dolman,  the  friend 
and  business  associate  of  the  famous  "Jack  of 
Newbury,"  and  his  son,  Sir  Thomas  Dolman, 
it  is  said  to  have  cost  the  enormous  sum  (for 
those  days)  of  ,£10,000,  being  more  than  £1000 
in  excess  of  that  of  Hatfield,  one  of  the  hand- 
somest examples  of  the  Elizabethan  style.  Shaw 
House  exhibits  many  of  the  peculiar  features  of 
this  most  picturesque  style.  It  is  of  red  brick, 
with  window  casings  and  enrichments  of  stone. 

The  house  stands  at  the  end  of  a  pleasantly 
winding  avenue  of  Limes— a  leafy  grove — in  the 
midst  of  gardens  and  terraces,  demurely  planted 
with  Hollies,  Yews,  and  other  evergreens.  The 
eastern  front,  which  faces  the  avenue,  is,  how- 
ever, by  no  means  the  most  picturesque.  The 
opposite  front,  which  looks  out  upon  one  of  the 
prettiest  of  lawns— a  fine  stretch  of  verdant 
sward,  bounded  by  a  little  stream  dotted  with 
Water  Lilies — is,  for  pictorial  efifect,  much  to  be 
preferred.  The  house  is  built,  after  the  fashion 
of  the  time,  in  the  shape  of  the  letter  E-  It  is 
notable  for  having  stood  a  siege  by  the  Parlia- 
mentarians—the marks  of  the  siege  being  still 
visible  on  the  walls.  The  building  seems,  how- 
ever, to  have  sustained  slight  damage  from  the 
besiegers,  which  is  no  doubt  accounted  for  by 
the  great  strength  of  the  outer  walls,  which 
are  mainly  6  feet  thick.  The  present  lawn- 
tennis  ground  was  pointed  out  as  being  the 
spot  where  took  place  one  of  the  deadliest 
conflicts  during  the  siege,  and  it  is  likely 
enough  that  the  bones  of  many  a  combatant 
lie  beneath  the  turf  where  now  all  the  talk 
is  of  "  service  "  and  "  vantage."  .Such  is 
fame  ! 

Turning  to  the  garden  proper,  this  is  kept 
in  good  order,  there  being  a  nice  range  of 
glasshouses.  Fuchsias  are  especially  well 
cared  for — much  better,  in  fact,  than  we  are 
accustomed  to  see  them  at  metropolitan  shows. 
In  the  establishment  under  notice,  for  instance, 
we  saw  good  examples  of  culture — examples 
some  10  feet  in  height,  from  last  years'  cuttings, 
pyramidally  trained,  three  especially  noteworthy 
varieties  being  Pink  Perfection,  Flocon  de 
Neige,  and  Crown  Prince  of  Prussia.  A  fine 
strain  of  Cinerarias  (Van  Houtte's)  bearing 
wonderfully  healthy  foliage,  was  noted.  Mr. 
Davis,  the  gardener,  informed  us  that  though 
not  bearing  flowers  so  "  shapy  "  as  some  of  the 
strains  now  in  cultivation,  yet  it  is  an  exceed- 
ingly useful  and  showy  selection. 

A  fernery  planted  quite  in  the  natural  style, 
and  therefore  very  efTective,  is  a  feature,  form- 
ing quite  a  cool  retreat. 

Orchids  are  being  taken  up,  a  collection  just 


584 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886. 


received  from  India  looking  well,  and  promise 
attractions  and  interest  when  fully  established. 
The  autumn  queen  of  flowers  (Chrysanthe- 
mums), judging  by  the  number  of  plants  one 
saw  in  good  health,  finds  a  congenial  home 
here.  A  mixed  house,  furnished  with  choice 
little  plants— Crotons,  Ferns,  Palms,  &c.— was 
very  showy,  Adiantum  Farleyense  being  espe- 
cially prominent. 

Fruit  and  vegetables,  as  might  be  expected 
in  such  an  establishment,  were  not  neglected, 
the  houses  devoted  to  Peaches  and  Grapes 
having  borne  good  crops.  Amongst  the  latter 
the  good  old  Black  Hamburgh  is  deservedly 
held  in  esteem. 

In  an  effectively  planted  outside  mixed  border 
we  were  pleased  to  see  a  mass,  well  flowered, 
of  the  now  so  seldom  seen  blue-flowered  Ver- 
bena venosa — how  effective  when  en  masse,  as 
here,  and  making  a  capital  edging  plant.  A  Fig 
planted  on  a  wall  outside  was  noteworthy  as 
having  borne  a  very  full  crop  this  year— the 
wall  was  quite  clothed  with  its  noble  foliage — 
unfortunately  we  were  unable  to  gather  the  name 
of  the  particular  variety. 

Quitting  this  interesting  and  historic  spot  a 
pleasant  drive  brings  us  to  Welford  Park,  the 
residence  of  G.  B.  Eyre,  Esq.,  and  whereat  one 
who  is  well  known  in  the  horticultural  world- 
Mr.  C.  Ross — is  director  of  affairs  horticultural. 
The  park  contains  many  fine  examples  of  tree 
growth.  Silver  Firs  being  especially  noticeable  ; 
A.  Pinsapo,  a  noble  specimen,  some  50  feet  in 
height  and  well  furnished.  Abies  canadensis 
(the  Hemlock  Spruce)  was  noted  as  coning  very 
freely  this  year.  A  fine  herd  of  deer  gambol- 
ing about  the  park  impart  an  air  of  picturesque- 
ness  and  life  to  the  place.  The  river  Lambourne 
runs  through  a  portion  of  the  grounds.  A  pretty 
rustic  bridge  erected  here  is  a  favourite  spot 
for  trout  fishing,  permission  being  kindly  given 
by  Mr.  Eyre  occasionally  to  those  anxious  to 
engage  in  this  quiet  and  interesting  pastime. 

Passing  to  the  gardens,  which  are  kept  in 
admirable  order,  we  notice  in  the  plant-houses 
some  good  specimens  of  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants.  Ferns  being  especially  well  done. 
Platycerium  alcicone  was  represented  by  a 
vigorous  specimen,  with  a  spread  of  fronds  some 
15  or  16  feet  in  circumference.  Here,  too,  was 
the  curious  and  somewhat  new  Alocasia  San- 
deriana,  a  bold  and  distinct  foliage  plant,  very 
striking  with  its  broad,  sagittate,  dark  shining 
green  leaves,  over  a  foot  in  length.  A.  metal- 
lica  and  A.  Lowii  were  also  in  good  form. 

Touching  fruits,  Apples  have  long  been  a 
specialty  at  Welford,  and  what  a  grand  crop 
the  hardy  bush  trees  are  producing  this  year  ! 
Stirling  Castle  was  a  picture  of  fruitfulness,  the 
branches  literally  breaking  down  with  the  fine 
fruits.  The  same  remarks  also  apply  to  Lane's 
Prince  Albert,  Ecklinville  Seedling,  Keswick 
Codlin,  and  ,a  host  of  other  fine  sorts.  The 
kitchen  garden,  where  most  of  these  Apples  are 
grown,  has  been  over  200  years  in  cultivation. 
The  subsoil  is  gravelly  ;  the  trees  are  "top- 
dressed  "  about  every  two  years  with  fresh  loam 
and  old  manure. 

Black  Currants  thrive  admirably  in  what  is 
known  as  the  "  Canal  Garden  " — planted  some 
fifty-four  years,  and  the  bushes  producing  good 
crops  annually— Mr.  Ross  attributing  their  well- 
doing to  the  cool  bottom  on  which  they  are 
planted. 

Pines— as  the  late  exhibition  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  amply  testified— are  well  done  here. 
One  or  two  little  cultural  points  here  may  not 
be  out  of  place.  The  soil  in  which  the  Pines  are 
grown  is  very  fibrous  loam,  with  the  greater 
part  of  the  soil  knocked  out  of  it,  and  mi.xed 
with  bones  broken  up  ;  the  bones  are  very  old, 
having  probably  lain  in  the  ground  100  years 
or  more.  The  largest  pots  uied  are  12  inches  ; 
most  of  them  are  only  1 1  inches  in  diameter. 
The  pit  in  which  they  are  grown  holds  only 
forty-eight  plants,  but  by  keeping  it  filled  up  as 


the  fruit  are  cut,  about  seventy  fruit  are  cut 
every  year.  On  September  14  last  was  cut  a 
noble  fruit  of  Smooth  Cayenne— probably  the 
heaviest  on  record,  its  weight  being  10  lb. 
12  oz. 

What  might  be  called  a  phenomenon  in  the 
vegetable  department  was  seen  —  this  being 
amongst  the  Potatos,  where  Mr.  Ross  has 
done  some  good  work.  A  single  seed  out  of 
the  berry  was  sown  in  heat  on  March  19  last  ; 
the  seedling  was  pricked  out  ."^pril  16  ;  gradually 
hardened,  and  planted  out  May  20  ;  lifted  Sep- 
tember 8,  when  it  was  found  to  have  produced 
135  tubers.  Weight  3  lb.  11  oz.  It  may  be 
mentioned  that  the  Potato  which  produced  this 
wonderful  crop  from  seed  this  year  was  got  from 
one  of  Mr.  Ross'  seedlings,  named  The  Pet,  a 
seedling  of  18S4,  from  Sim's  Life  guard. 

In  the  same  lot  of  seedlings,  of  which  there 
are  about  sixty  ;  three  of  them  did  not  produce 
a  single  tuber,  only  great  bunches  of  fibrous 
roots,  one  had  only  three  small  tubers,  and  the 
others  would  average  about  twenty  tubers  each, 
of  all  colours  and  shapes. 

A  few  miles  from  here  are  some  famous  Rasp- 
berry grounds,  in  the  village  of  Inkpen,  within 
two  miles  of  the  Coombe  Hills  and  the  cele- 
brated Inkpen  Beacon.  Inkpen  was  in  bygone 
days  a  place  of  considerable  prosperity.  It 
boasted  of  pottery  works,  and  it  is  also  said 
that  blanket  mills  once  flourished  there,  but 
these  are  now  "  things  of  the  past."  Its  present 
claim  to  distinction  in  the  horticultural  world  is 
that  it  is  the  birthplace  of  a  fine  very  free  fruit- 
ing Raspberry,  named  Earl  Beaconsfield,  and 
raised  by  Mr.  Faulknor  in  1876,  sent  out  two 
seasons  ago.  About  3  acres  of  sandy  soil  in  the 
picturesque  hollow  off  the  high  road  are  now 
covered  with  long  rows — "battalions" — of  the 
canes  in  vigorous  health ;  and  such  canes — 9  to 
10  feet  in  height,  and  as  thick  as  good  sized 
walking  sticks. 

The  crop  this  year  has  been  a  heavy  one  ; 
the  quantity  of  fruit  may  be  estimated  at  many 
tons,  about  twenty  people  being  engaged  daily 
during  the  "  picking  season,"  when  the  Iruit 
was  transmitted  to  various  populous  centres. 

A  seedling  Cob-nut,  which  also  promises  to 
be  a  good  thing,  was  noted.  It  is  large  and  of 
good  flavour,  and  will,  doubtless,  be  heard  more 
of.  B. 


MASDEVALLIA  ASTUTA,  ».  j/>.» 
Once  more  a  member  of  the  Saccilabiate  group. 
This   comes    from  ;Costa    Rica,    where   it    was    col- 
lected by  Mr.  Carder,  and  grown  by  Messrs,  Shuttle- 
worth  &  Carder. 

As  a  species  it  is  the  nearest  neighbour  of  the  nice 
Masdevallia  Gaskelliana,  but  this  has  distinct  acumi- 
nate leaves,  different  colours,  and  a  very  distinct  lip. 
Then  it  recalls  Masdevallia  erythrochaete,  a  Costa 
Rican  species  of  this  affinity,  but  that  has  long,  nar- 
row, acuminate  leaves,  and  both  lip  and  column 
distinct,  and  the  bodies  of  the  sepals  rounder. 

Our  plant  has  leaves  nearly  a  span  long,  petiolate, 
oblong-acute,  nearly  an  inch  broad  at  its  widest  part. 
Peduncle  of  the  same  Ungtb.  The  sepals  are  most 
distinctly  triangular,  with  brown  tails,  surpassing  the 
length  of  the  rest  of  the  sepal  at  least  twice,  simply 
brown,  and  yellow  at  the  apex  and  centre  outside, 
ochre-coloured,  with  numerous  brown  blotches  inside, 
hispid  there  all  over.     Petals  rather  blunt.     Anterior 

*  MasdcvaUia(Saccilahiata\asiuta.Ti.  sp..— Affinis  Masdeval- 
lix  Gaskdlianac  :  folio  jpitharaxjpeliolato  ligulalo  acuto,  dorso 
carinato  ;  pedunculis  subaqualibus  unifloris  ;  sepalis  triangulis 
intus  hispidis,  sctis  subdupio  longioribus  ;  tepalis  obtuse  aciili, 
labelii  epichilio  oblongo,  cariojs  loogitudinalibus  terois,  trabe- 
culislateialibus  pluribus  divarlcatis,  limbo  dcnticulato  ;  co'umna 
dorso  ligulata  ligula  apice  retuso  serrata.  Flos  magnitudine 
illius  Masdevallia;  Gaskelliana;,  extus  brunneuF,  apicc  ac  per 
costam  ochraceus,  intus  brunneo  guttatus  striatusve  supta 
planum  ochraceum.  Labe'lum,  tepala  et  columns  fiaveoU.  Cota 
Rica.  H.  G.  Rckb.  /. 


saccate  part  of  the  lip  ascending  at  the  top,  tooth- 
letted  at  the  sides,  with  three  longitudinal  keels,  and 
numerous  small  transverse  bars  outside  the  column, 
with  a  long  beak.   H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

Odontoglossum  aspersum  violacbum,  Rchb.f. 
A  very  fine  flower  of  this  has  appeared  with  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth  &  Carder.  I  am  informed  by  Mr. 
Edward  Shuttleworth  that  the  petals  and  the  lip 
were  yellow  when  the  flower  6rst  opened.  They 
commenced  to  assume  a  mauve-purple  colour  the 
second  day.  I  only  had  the  flower  after  seven  weeks, 
when  it  was  said  to  have  lost  some  of  its  brilliancy.  I 
found  it  brilliant  enough.  It  has  the  lip  deep  mauve- 
purple,  with  the  callus  light  sulphur-coloured,  with  a 
lew  dark  stripes  on  the  inner  surface.  The  petals 
have  their  disc  or  light  ochre  sulphur-coloured  with 
a  broad  margin  of  light  mauve-purple  around.  It  is 
very  interesting  to  see  reappear  nearly  the  same 
variety  that  flowered  in  Mirch,  1881,  at  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence's  wonderful  emporium  of  Orchids.  H.  G, 
Rchh.  f. 

Eria  FoRDir,  Rolfe,  n.  sp. 
A  remarkable  species  of  Eria,  belonging  to  the 
small  section  Xiphosia,  is  now  flowering  at  Kew, 
where  it  was  received  from  Mr.  C.  Ford,  Super- 
intendent of  the  Hong  Kong  Botanic  Garden.  As 
it  seems  to  be  quite  new  I  propose  to  name  it  after 
Mr.  Ford,  to  whom  Kew  is  indebted  for  numerous 
Orchids,  both  living  and  in  a  dried  state.  Hong 
Kong  has  already  furnished  two  species  of  the  genus, 
neither  of  them  known  from  elsewhere,  one  of  which 
belongs  to  the  same  section  as  our  new  plant,  namely, 
E.  rosea,  Lindl.  When  Lindley  described  E.  rosea 
in  the  Botanical  Register,  t.  978,  he  spoke  of  the 
strongly  keeled  sepals  as  distinguishing  it  from  all 
others.  Then  Griffith  described  a  new  genus  which 
he  called  Xiphosia,  relying  mainly  on  this  very  cha- 
racter, and  calling  his  plant  X.  carinatum.  Lindley, 
however,  reduced  it  to  a  section  of  Eria,  including 
four  species,  and  remarking  that  it  only  differed  from 
the  section  Dendrolirium  by  the  glabrous  (not  woolly) 
flowers.  Bentham  amalgamated  the  two  sections, 
doubtless  owing  to  Lindley's  statement,  and  the 
question  now  is  whether  the  section  can  be  retained. 

1  would  answer  in  the  affirmative,  as  two  of  Lindley's 
four  species  differ  in  habit  and  in  the  total  absence  of 
keels,  and  only  agree  in  having  glabrous  flowers. 
The  section  Xiphosium,  then,  excluding  E.  scabri- 
linguis  and  E.  vittata,  Lindl.,  is  characterised  by  a 
strongly  triquetrous  ovary  and  sharply  keeled  sepals. 
It  contains  three  species — E.  carinata,  Gibson,  from 
Khasia  ;  E.  rosea,  Lindl.,  from  Hong  Kong  ;  and  the 
present  species,  which  may  be  characterised  as  follows: 
— Pseudobulbs  ovoid,   slightly  compressed,   smooth, 

2  inches  long  ;  leaf  coriaceous,  linear-lanceolate, 
acute,  base  attenuate,  8— 9  by  1}  inches;  racemes 
terminal  on  the  young  growths,  2 — 3  flowered, 
scarcely  equalling  the  leaves ;  flowers  equalling  the 
bracts  in  length  ;  bracts  lanceolate,  acute,  sharply 
keeled  above,  less  so  towards  the  base,  i\  inch  long, 
light  green  in  colour ;  ovary  sharply  three-keeled,  the 
two  lateral  ones  narrowly  winged  and  undulate  ; 
sepals  lanceolate,  acute,  I  inch  long,  concave  inside, 
strongly  keeled  outside,  the  lateral  pair  being  nar- 
rowly winged  above,  with  about  eight  minute  teeth 
near  the  apex  ;  petals  ovate-lanceolate,  subacute  ;  lip 
linear-oblong,  obtuse,  and  apiculate,  10  by  n\  lines, 
with  three  blunt  keels  on  the  lower  half,  the  central  one 
extending  almost  to  the  apex,  the  lateral  lobes  small 
and  rounded  ;  column  with  two  short  wings  above 
colour  of  sepals,  petals,  and  column  light  yellowish- 
green,  the  sepals  with  a  varnished  appe.-irance  ;  lip 
deep  dull  yellow  above,  dull  flesh-coloured  below,  with 
dull  crimson  veins  on  side  lobes,  and  less  distinctly 
so  at  base  of  central  lobe.  From  E.  rosea,  Lindl.,  it 
is  readily  distinguished  by  the  flowers  being  a  third 
larger  than  in  that  species  by  the  coloured  and  some 
other  details,  while  E.  carinata,  Gibson,  has  narrower 
bracts,  longer  pseudobulbs,  and  differences  in  floral 
details,  besides  the  different  area.  R.  A,  Rolfe,  Ke-M, 


Jerusalem  Artichokes.  —  This  season,  as  in 
most  warm  summers,  a  few  specimens  of  this  plant 
may  be  seen  in  bloom.  If  seed  could  be  obtained 
it  would  be  desirable  to  see  if  something  could  not  be 
done  to  improve,  or  at  least  to  select  some  improved 
form  of  this  neglected  vegetable.  As  it  is  one  of  the 
hardiest  and  most  easily  grown  of  plants  this  might 
readily  be  done. 


NilVfMRKR    6      1886 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


5S5 


CORDYLINE   AUSTRALIS. 

The  fine  specimen  of  this  plant  of  which  our  illus- 
tration (fig.  114)  gives  a  good  idea,  is  growing  at  Ericht 
Bank,  Kirn,  Greenock,  the  residence  of  Wm.  F, 
Burnley,  Esq.  The  specimen  stands  on  the  lawn 
immediately  in  front  of  the  mansion.  It  was  planted 
in  1S65,  and  has  now  attained  a  height  of  18  feet ;  the 
circumference   at  the  base  is  3  feet,  the  top  is  syr- 


mild  character  of  the  climate,  that  planted  against 
a  south  wall  a  strong  healthy  plant  of  Lapageria  rosea 
flowers  freely  every  year  and  makes  fine  growths. 


LILIES. 


In  a  note  on  our  Lilies  written  in  July  (p.   19),   I 
proposed  adtling  a  f«w  particulars  later  iq  the  season, 


since  iSSi,  one  had  eight  and  another  seven  Sowers, 
This  is  a  truly  gorgeous  Lily,  with  its  broad  spike  o{ 
crimson,  but  after  some  days,  while  the  flower  seems 
still  fresh,  the  crimson  turns  into  a  dull  stale  claret 
colour,  and  then  most  of  the  beauty  is  gone.  The 
next  finest  of  the  family  is  L.  auratum  platypetatum, 
of  which  there  appear  to  be  two  varieties,  the  one 
variety  known  as  L.  auratum  macranthum,  being  low 
growing ;  the  first  L,  a.  platypetalum  exhibited  were 


Fig.    114.— CORDYLINE  AUSTRALIS  AT  ERICHT  BANK,    GREENOCK. 


mounted  with  three  strong  crowns,  and  there  are  (our 
offshoots  on  the  stem,  as  wilt  be  seen  from  the  wood- 
cut. One  of  the  crowns  sent  up  a  flower-stem  last 
summer,  and  another  promised  to  do  so  this  season. 
It  has  had  no  protection  whatever  during  the  winter 
months,  and  although  the  west  coast  is  known  to  have 
a  milder  climate  than  most  parts  of  Scotland,  Mr.  Hep- 
burn, the  head  gardener  at  Ericht  Bank,  informs  us 
that  last  winter  17°  of  frost  were  registered  frequently. 
[See  Hook.  f.  in  Gayd.  Chron.  i860,  and  in  Bot,  Mag. 
tab.  5636  ]  It  may  be  mentioned,  as  showing  the  usually 


Lilies  in  the  open  may  be  considered  over  for  the 
year,  as  only  a  few  chance  ones  remain  in  flower.  I 
will  begin  with  what  is  usually  considered  the  Queen 
of  Lilies,  Lilium  auratum,  though  some  good  judges 
consider  L.  speciosum  rubrum  in  its  best  form,  and 
others  L.  candidum  simplex  to  have  at  least  equal  right 
to  the  title.  L.  auratum  has  on  the  whole  succeeded 
well  with  us  this  season,  though  some  beds  were  more 
cut  than  usual  by  spring  frosts.  L.  auratum  rubro- 
vittatum  was  finer  than  we  ever  had  it  before ;  among 
our  few  plants  whiph  have  beep  in  the  open  border 


almost  without  spots,  like  L.  a.  virginale,  but  the 
species  includes  all  varieties  of  colour  up  to  pictum. 
Two  small  clumps  of  L.  a.  macranthum,  were  most 
beautiful,  and  were  much  admired;  a  petal  from  one  of 
these  measured  3I  inches  in  breadth.  The  bulbs 
should  be  planted  wide  enough  apart  to  prevent  their 
knocking  against  one  another  in  high  winds,  ours 
were  not  so.  Our  two  finest  of  the  ordinary  L. 
auratum  both  bloomed  in  the  wood  at  the  Weybridge 
Cottage  garden  ;  one  seemed  to  dwarf  all  the  flowers 
about  it,     One  of  the  petals  measured  was  74  inches 


586 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886, 


long,  it  was  therefore  15  inches  across  the  flower. 
In  another  bed  one  grew  to  9.'^  feet  in  height,  and  yet 
was  so  well  proportioned  that  it  looked  neither  drawn 
up  nor  gawky. 

L.  pardalinum  and  L.  californicum  were  cut  by 
spring  frosts  in  some  beds  and  bloomed  well  in  others 
a  few  yards  off,  where  the  frost-wind  had  not  reached 
them. 

L.  speciosum  rubrum  and  L.  album  were  very  fine, 
and  so  were  L.  Leichtlinii  and  L.  longiflorum  albo- 
marginatum,  or,  as  I  suppose  it  ought  to  be  called,  L. 
longiflorum  foliis  albo  marginatis. 

L.  Szovi'zianum  in  good  soil  always  does  well. 
L.  Ilansoni  was  moderately  good. 
L.  Krameti  was  fine  and  seeded  freely. 
L.  giganteum  bloomed  well  but  was  not  very  tall. 
L.  cordifolium,  the  Japanese  dwarf  form  of  gigan- 
teum (?),  was  cut  down  by  spring  frosts  in  our  Wisley 
Wood,  as  it  was  not  sheltered  from  the  sun  which  came 
after  them.     In  the  orchard-house  at  Weybridge,  in  a 
pot,  it  had  eight  good  flowers  on  a  stem. 

L.  longiflorum,  bloomed  well  in  some  places,  best 
in  shelter,  but  failed  in  others. 

L.  chalcedonicum,  did  not  bloom  well,  but  the 
bulbs  are  strong  and  healthy  ;  they  were  in  full  sun. 
I  have  removed  them  into  a  sheltered  place. 

All  the  L.  Martagons,  bloom  well,  and  L.  superbum. 
The  question  as  to  the  relative  merits  of  full  sun,  of 
shade  and  shelter,  in  Lilies,  especially  L.  auratum, 
crops  up  from  lime  to  time,  in  the  different  gardening 
papers  ;  it  is  not  an  easy  one  to  solve,  L.  auratum 
often  blooms  thoroughly  well  in  complete  shade  and 
also  in  full  sun.  Rhododendron  beds,  as  I  have  often 
before  said,  are  the  cosiest  places  to  grow  it  in,  and 
the  question  of  the  necessity  of  sun  to  ripen  the  bulbs 
is  settled  by  my  friend  Mr,  Mcintosh's  Lilies,  which 
themselves  or  their  children  have  thriven  for  more 
than  a  dozen  years  in  the  full  shade  of  his  Rhoioden- 
droDs.  I  believe  two  great  points  to  aim  at  are  to  pre- 
vent the  bulbs  getting  too  wet  or  the  roots  too  dry, 
and  especially  to  keep  clear  of  many  tree  roots  which 
dry  the  soil  as  well  as  exhaust  it.  Rhododendrons  keep 
their  roots,  to  themselves,  and  do  not  interfere  wilh  the 
Lilies  unless  indeed  they  are  grown  very  strong  and 
very  close. 

In  our  little  field  of  L.  auratum  in  full  sun,  though 
with  some  shelter  from  wind  by  hedges,  many 
hundreds  bloomed  well,  some  not  more  than  a  foot 
high,  with  stems  not  thicker  than  tobacco-pipes,  had 
two  fine  flowers,  many  had  one.  I  have  made  no 
mention  of  Tiger  Lilies ;  they  always  bloom  wel'.  I  do 
not  think  the  species  without  stem-bulbs,  L.  tigrinum 
jucundum,  is  sufficiently  known  and  grown  ;  it  is  a 
beautiful  form  fcr  cutting.  George  F,  Wilson^  Heather' 
bank,  IVishy. 


time  localities  from  the  Canaries  to  Ireland,  The  clas- 
sification of  these  wil  depend  on  the  habit  o(  the 
botanist.  \l<:  who  goes  upon  the  narrow-gau^^e  will 
make  a  species  of  ihe  group  with  perhaps  the  so- 
called  "hibernica"  for  the  centre,  or  he  may  make 
as  many  species  as  he  can  find  distinct  formi.  The 
broad-gauge  man  will  regard  these  rich  and  robust 
island  and  coast  Ivies  as  forms  of  Helix  that  have  had 
the  advantages  of  warmth  and  humidity  through  long 
ages,  and  have  grown  fat  by  good  living.  Observa- 
tion of  thedclicte  gradations  of  characters  in  Ivies 
compels  me  to  be  a  tiroad-gauge  man,  and  therefore 
I  regard  Helix  and  "hibernicj."  as  "stocks," 
"  strains,"  or  '*  varieties"  of  the  same  species.  I  do 
hope  "A.  F.  B."  will  see  his  sarniensis  and  my 
Emerald  growing  together,  for  they  are  established, 
and  show  all  their  proper  characters  as  determined 
by  circumstances  that  are  precisely  the  sam^  for  both. 
The  journey  from  Sarnia  to  Kew  is  an  expensive 
affair,  but  any  enthusiast  in  Ivies  may  draw  upon  me 
when  the  character  of  my  favourite  is  at  stake. 
Shirley  Hibbcrd^  Kew> 


HIBBERD'S    EMERALD    IVY. 

The  letter  of  "A.  F.  B."  (p.  535)  conveys  to  me  the 
welcome  intelligence  that  my  favourite  amongst  the 
green  Ivies  is  appreciated  beyond  the  bounds  of  my 
own  garden.  Vour  correspondent  declares — apparently 
with  joy,  certainly  with  truth — that  it  is  '*one  of  the 
best  Ivies  grown."  1  go  beyond  him,  and  say  it  is 
the  best  ;  but  the  diflerence  raises  a  nice  point  that 
need  not  be  fought  out  now.  Permit  me  to  thank 
"  A.  F.  B."  for  the  very  first  good  word  that  has  been 
spoken  for  my  pet  save  by  myself  alone,  and  as  I  have 
never  sold  a  plant  I  may  with  some  propriety  praise 
it.  If  "  A.  F.  B,"  should  ever  quit  the  fertile  groves 
of  Sarnia,  and  could  call  on  me  at  Kew,  I  would 
satisfy  him,  first,  that  he  has  made  a  good  guess  of 
the  affinity  of  Hibberd's  Emerald  Ivy  wilh  the 
Guernsey  Ivy  ;  I  would  next  demonstrate  that  they 
are  not  identical,  for  I  have  both  growing  here  within 
a  few  yards  of  each  other,  and  my  oil  pet  is  so  much 
better  thin  the  new  pet  of  "A.  F.  B."  that  it  may 
turn  his  head  to  behold  the  diflerence  ;  finally,  I  will 
explain  to  him  the  secret  of  the  affinity,  for  Hibberd's 
Emerald  is  a  seedling  of  the  Guernsey  wilding,  differ- 
ing from  it  in  more  rapid  growth,  a  better  habit  of 
holdmg  to  the  wall,  and  a  more  happy  disposition  in 
the  trying  climate  of  London.  The  Guernsey  Ivy 
does  not  like  London,  but  Hibberd's  Emerald  has 
known  no  other  climate  save  by  the  way  in  which  we 
obtain  our  knowledge — by  travelling. 

Now  as  to  the  proposed  Iledera  Helix  var.  sar- 
niensis. The  common  form  of  H.  Helix,  as  known 
to  all  men,  is  abundant  in  Guernsey;  but  the  Emerald 
Ivy  is  distinct  from  it.  Ves,  this  belongs  to  a  group 
of  large-leaved  Ivies  in  which  we  find  the  Irish,  the 
Algerian,  and  certaia  sub-varieties  that  haunt  mari- 


BOTANICAL    RAMBLES     IN 

SOUTH  CHINA. 
These  rambles  were  confined  to  the  islands  and 
the  mainland  adjacent  to  Hong  Kong.  The  configura- 
tion of  the  land  here  is  bold  and  striking — steep 
granite  hills  rise  abruptly  from  the  sea  and  recede  in 
sharp  serrated  peaks  or  undulating  curves  till  their 
outlines  melt  into  the  hazy  distance,  their  aspect 
generally  being  dreary  and  uninviting  in  the  extreme. 
It  is  only  in  the  deep  ravines  and  around  the  pic- 
turesque villages  that  vegetation  assumes  an  arborescent 
form.  The  natives  that  eke  out  a  miserable  existence 
in  the  malarial  valleys  by  cultivating  Rice  have  de- 
nuded nearly  all  the  accessible  hills  of  everyihing 
that  is  useful  as  fuel.  On  a  few  of  the  lower  hills 
Pinus  sinensis  is  cultivated  for  firewood  ;  the  trees 
are  seldom  allowed  to  attain  dimensions  suitable  for 
building  purposes.  Near  the  villages  we  frequently 
find  fine  specimens  of  Ficus  retusa,  with  trunks  from 
12  to  15  feet  in  circumference.  These  trees  seem 
to  be  sacred  in  the  eyes  of  the  Celestials ;  under  their 
shade  we  saw  rude  altars  laden  with  offerings  to  the 
gods.  These  offerings  consist  of  fragrant  "joss" 
slicks,  tiny  cups  of  "  sam  shu,"a  kind  of  spirit  dis- 
lilled  from  Rice,  and  battered  patches  of  scarlet  paper 
covered  with  the  distracting  combination  of  strokes 
and  dots  that  represent  the  written  language  of  China. 
We  also  find  tall  trees  of  Bischoffii  javanica,  Bom- 
bax  malabarica,  Melia  Azedarach,  Cinnamomum 
Burmanni,  Celiii  chinensis,  and  a  few  fruit  trees, 
such  as  the  Litchee  (Nephelium  Lilchi),  the  Lingan 
(Nephelium  Longan),  the  Chinese  Mulberry  (Morus 
nigra),  and  occasionally  the  Mango  (Mangifera 
indica). 

A  Chinese  Village. 

Of  a  Chinese  village  it  may  well  be  said  that 
"distance  lends  enchantment  to  the  view."  At 
500  yards'  distance  the  rows  of  cottages  with  their 
curly  roofs,  their  facings  of  scarlet  paper  on  the  door 
posts,  their  rural  aspect,  with  squatting  and  posturing 
Celestialj  in  the  foreground,  suggest  comfort  and 
pastoral  simplicity,  and  blend  consistently  with  the 
calm  characteristics  of  oriental  life.  But  a  close  view 
dispels  the  illusion  and  shakes  the  poetry  completely 
out  of  the  scene.  Squalid  and  noisy  urchins  wrangle 
rudely  round  the  door-steps,  ancient  dames  and 
patriarchal  sires,  wrinkled,  careworn,  and  hideous, 
exhibiting  the  ravages  of  time  bath  on  their 
shrunken  faces  and  their  scanty  garments,  squat 
and  lounge  around  the  unsavoury  dwellings ;  ugly 
corpulent  pigs  and  moulting  poultry  wallow  in  the 
mire,  while  mangy  hungry  curs — a  few  degrees  removed 
from  their  progenitor  the  wolf — make  the  day  hideous 
with  iheir  yapping,  and  warn  the  stranger  to  guard 
the  tender  parts  of  his  calves  with  a  botanical 
specimen  of  the  Penang  Lawyer.  Open  cesspools 
impregnate  the  air  with  an  overpowering  stench  ; 
still  many  of  the  villagers  —  pariicululy  the  young 
women  and  children— look  so  sleek  and  healthy  that 
one  would  bj  disposed  to  think  that  the  place  was  a 
veritable  sanitarium.  Wide  stretches  of  Rice  fields, 
sometimes  terraced  and  irrigated  with  wonderful 
ingenuity,  surround  these  quaint  habitations.  Here 
we  see  the  ox  toiling  knee-deep  through  the  plastic 
mud  dragging  a  small  toy-like  plough  or  a  short  long- 
toothed  harrow.  The  jolly  ploughman  is  usually  a 
woman -to  use  a  Hibernicism  ;  this  lady  struts  wiih 
bare  muddy  limbs  behind  the  beast  of  burden  grasp- 
ing the  plough  with  one  hand  and  constantly  jerking 
and  flourishing  a  short  rope,  which  is  connected  with 
the  aDiraal's  nose-ring,  with  the  other  j  at  the  same 


time  she  expostulates  loudly  at  the  ox,  and,  I  am  sorry 
to  say,  maligns  the  poor  brute  and  his  long  line  ot 
anceslcrj  in  language  that  is  hardly  lady-like. 
Standing  lazily  in  the  stagnant  pools  by  the  wayside 
we  see  the  ungainly  water  buffalo  of  China— a  great 
barrel-bodied  brute  with  immense  horns,  with  hardly 
a  hair  on  his  dull  slate-coloured  hide.  This  animal 
exhibits  great  terror  at  the  sight  of  a  foreigner,  whom 
he  evidently  regards  as  something  uncanny.  The 
Chinese,  no  doubt,  consider  this  brute  instinct  very 
creditable  to  the  buffalo — do  we  not  rejoice  in  the 
reputation  of  being  "fan  quai,"  i.e. — foreign  devils  ? 
One  of  the  industries  common  in  these  villages  is 
bean-curd  making.  This  is  called  "  Taw-fu  "  and  is 
made  Irom  the  small  yellow  beans  of  Dolichos  soja 
and  its  varieties.  The  beans  are  dried  in  a  shallow 
concave  iron  pot  ;  there  is  generally  a  range  of  per- 
haps a  dozen  of  these  pots  set  in  brickwork  with 
spaces  undernea'.h  for  the  fire.  The  fuel  used  is 
dried  grass.  When  the  beans  are  dried  they  are 
smashed  or  ground  ;  a  certain  quantity  is  then  stirred 
up  in  water  till  a  pale  yellow  liquid  is  .formed  ;  the 
pots  are  then  filled  with  the  liquid  and  heated  wilh  a 
grass  fire.  The  bean  curd  maker  feeds  his  fire  very 
dexterously  :  he  has  a  tongs  made  of  Bamboo  with 
which  he  picks  up  a  bunch  ot  grass  and  projects  it 
rapidly  into  the  space  under  the  pot,  withdraws  it 
again,  but  leaves  a  small  portion  which  has  been 
burnt  off  the  bunch  to  keep  up  the  heat  ;  the  burning 
bunch  is  then  projected  into  the  next  space,  and  soon 
till  the  bunch  of  grass  is  exhausted.  He  regulates  the 
different  fires  so  that  one  pot  is  ready  before  the 
other.  The  "curd,"  as  it  is  erroneously  called  by 
foreigners,  is  the  scum  that  forms  on  the  top  like  the 
cream  in  a  milk  basin.  When  the  particles  cohere 
sufficiently  he  runs  a  knife  around  the  sides  and  down 
the  middle  to  detach  the  skin  which  has  now  formed 
a  membranous  layer  on  the  top,  he  then  lifts  out  the 
two  separate  pieces,  gives  them  a  twist,  which  forms 
thetn  into  a  flexible  strip  of  skin-like  substance,  and 
hangs  them  over  a  Bamboo  pole  to  dry.  Thousands 
of  these  strips  may  be  seen  hanging  in  the  sun  like 
yellow  ribbons  on  a  clothes  line.  This  is  the  cheese 
of  the  Chinaman,  and  forms  an  article  of  diet  amonst 
the  poorer  classes  chiefly,  and  is  said  to  be  rather 
nutritious.     [Highly  so.] 

The  Vegetation. 

But  to  return  to  the  vegetation  of  the  scene.  By  the 
sea  shore  we  find  the  pretty  little  Statice  chinensis 
growing  plentifully,  where  it  is  frequently  submerged 
by  the  tide.  In  forcing  our  way  inland  the  aggressive 
Gullandina  bonducella  contests  the  passage  with  its 
hook-shaped  prickles.  Then  the  thick  hedges  of 
Pandanus  odoratissimus  offer  further  resistance  ; 
when  clear  of  these,  the  road,  as  roads  go  in  China, 
is  comparatively  easy. 

The  weeds  of  the  Rice  fields  are  numerous  but  not 
very  conspicuous  ;  Lobelia  affinis  and  Sagittaria  cordi- 
folia  are  the  most  striking.  In  swamps  we  find  dense 
clumps  of  an  aquatic  Fern,  Acrostichum  aureum, 
and  numerous  cyperaceous  plants.  Vegetables  are 
sometimes  extensively  cultivated  on  the  drier  fields, 
notably  the  sweet  Potato  (Batatas  edu'is),  Colocasia 
odora.  Onions,  probably  a  variety  of  Allium  aica- 
lonicum,  Canavalia  gladiata,  Phaseolus  sp.,  Liblab 
vulgaris,  Hydrocotyle  asiatica,  and  a  large  variety  of 
cucurbitaceous  plants,  such  as  Momordica  charantia, 
Citruleus  vulgaris,  Cucumis  saliva,  C.  longa,  C.  Melo, 
and  its  varieties.  We  aho  saw  occasional  patches  of 
Eleocharis  tuberosa,  Basella  rubra?.  Hibiscus  escu- 
lentus,  Dolichos  soja,  Convolvulus  reptans,  Arachis 
hypogaea,  and  many  forms  of  the  Chili  family,  some 
of  them  very  ornamental. 

Away  from  the  cultivated  ground  the  dwarf  indi- 
genous vegetation  becomes  very  interesting.  Glei- 
chenia  dichotoma  is  everywhere  abundant ;  this  is 
the  "  bracken  "  of  the  East,  spreading  luxuriantly  over 
the  sheltered  and  exposed  hills  and  valleys  in  the 
most  persistent  manner.  The  beautiful  pink  flowered 
rosaceous  plant — Rhodomyrtus  tomentosus — is  also 
very  plentiful,  but  is  rarely  found  at  a  higher  eleva- 
tion than  1000  feet.  The  fruit  of  this  plant  has  a 
very  pleasant  flavour,  and  when  ripe  is  eagerly 
devoured  by  the  Chinese  urchins.  Another  very 
common  plant,  Phyllanlhus  emblica,  bears  round 
green  fruit  which  has  the  taste  and  appearance  of  a 
green  Gooseberry,  and  is  also  much  eaten  by  the 
natives  ;  some  of  the  medical  authorities  in  the  colony 
are  of  opinion  that  this  may  in  some  cases  be  the  cause 
of  choleraic  diarrhcea  and  other  stomach  complaints 
among  the  Chinese  during  the  hot  season. 


November  6,  iSS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


587 


On  rocky  banks  by  the  side  of  streams,  and  even  in 
the  tierce  sun,  the  graceful  Davallia  tenuifolia  and 
the  bold  Blechnum  orientale  grow  in  profusion. 
Adiantum  flabelluiatum,  Pleris  semipinnata,  P.  cre- 
nata,  P.  serrulala,  and  Cheilantbes  tenuifolia  are 
equally  common,  but  affect  a  drier  situation.  In 
places  where  the  bushes  are  dense  and  the  situation 
moist  Lygodium  scandens  and  L.  japonicum  cover 
the  trees  with  irregular  curtain-like  (olds  of  pendent 
fronds,  and  form  objects  of  indescribable  grace  and 
beauty.  Large  bushes  of  Melastoma  macropoda 
glowing  with  large  deep  lilac  blossoms,  take  a  pro- 
minent place  among  the  shrubby  plants,  and  the 
rambling  Rosa  sinica  makes  the  wayside  gay  with 
snow-white  Roses.  Clematis  Meyeniana,  C.  crassi- 
folia,  Lettsomia  speciosa,  and  several  species  of  Con- 
volvulus climb  up  or  hang  over  the  sleep  banks. 

In  one  or  two  favoured  spots  on  the  lower  levels 
we  occasionally  find  that  the  natives  have  spared  a 
clump  of  trees  at  some  distance  away  from  the 
villages.  Here  1  have  seen  fine  specimens  of 
Liquidambar  formosana.  This  tree  is  said  to  be  one  of 
the  sources  of  Rose  Maloes,  3  substance  reputed  to 
be  identical  with  the  liquid  Storax  of  commerce.  My 
coolies  generally  carried  away  leafy  branches  of  this 
tree  for  medicinal  purposes  ;  they  consider  it  good 
for  poulticing  boils  and  running  sores.  Here  also 
the  well-known  Tallow-tree  (Stillingia  sebifera)  grows 
to  a  considerable  height,  but  I  do  not  think  the 
natives  take  the  trouble  to  collect  the  seeds  (or  the 
sake  of  the  tallow  with  which  they  are  covered  ;  I 
have  often  questioned  them  on  the  subject,  but  none 
of  them  seemed  to  know  anything  about  it.  The 
seeds  yield  a  large  proportion  of  the  so-called  tallow  ; 
100  lb.  of  seeds,  it  is  said,  will  yield  28  lb.  of  tallow, 
irrespective  of  the  oil,  which  is  obtained  by  pressing 
the  albumen.  Growing  up  these  trees  we  frequently 
find  Rhaphidophora  Peepla,  a  very  handsome  creep- 
ing Aroid,  which  at  a  distance  resembles  the  Vanilla. 
In  one  of  these  little  groves  I  came  across  two  fine 
old  plants  of  Mucuna  macrobotrys,  a  curious  Legu- 
minous plant,  with  gigantic  clusters  of  pale  cream- 
coloured  flowers.  A  single  flower  is  sometioes  over 
3  inches  long,  and  some  of  the  clusters  were  17  inches 
long  and  over  a  foot  across  the  shoulder  ;  they  hang 
like  bunches  of  Grapes.  The  description  of  the  pods 
of  this,  given  in  Bentham's  Flora  Non<;kt>ngensis,  is 
undoubtedly  derived  from  imperfect  material.  The 
pods  are  described  as  being  5  inches  long  ;  but  on 
these  plants  many  of  them  were  over  2  feet  long, 
brown,  smoothly  pilose,  reticulate  and  undulate,  not 
obliquely  winged,  as  in  the  case  of  M.  Championi, 
which  they  are  said  to  resemble.  It  had  twined  its 
strong  stems  round  a  number  of  the  surrounding  trees, 
and  was  spreading  far  and  wide  over  the  lofty 
branches.  I  feel  sure  that  if  this  grand  creeper  could 
be  induced  to  grow  in  the  consesvatories  at  home  it 
would  be  geally  admired,  A,  B,  IVtil/anJ,  Botanic 
Garden,  Hong  Kong. 

{To  be  continued.) 


TOBACCO    CULTIVATION    AND 
THE   EXCISE. 
Mr.  Charles  Sharpe,  of  Sleaford,  Lincolnshire, 
writes,  in  Land  and  JFater,  October  30  : — 

"  Some  in  this  country,  myself  among  the  number, 
have  this  season  made  experimental  trials  on  a  large 
scale,  which  fully  demonstrate  the  possibility  of  pro- 
ducing in  England,  in  quantity  and  quality  equal  to 
that  produced  by  the  majority  of  Tobacco-growing 
districts  abroad,  a  good  sound  leaf,  calculated  for  the 
manufacture  of  medium  and  high-class  smoking 
Tobacco.  The  expenses  of  cultivating  on  a  large 
scale  cannot  be  accurately  estimated  at  present,  but  it 
would  appear  to  offer  no  difficulty  in  view  of  the 
return  to  be  expected  from  the  crop.  From  careful 
calculation  of  the  result  of  my  own  crop  this  season,  I 
estimate  a  good  average  yield  would  be — say,  iSoo  lb, 
to  2000  lb.  per  acre,  worth  5./.  to  yd.  per  pound  (about 
^50  per  acre),  as  experience  and  skill  enabled  us  to 
secure  better  results  from  our  labours.  For  some 
years  we  should  have  to  feel  our  way,  and  the  experi- 
ments to  be  made  in  the  cultivation  of  the  plant  and 
the  curing  o(  the  leaf  would  doubtless  be  productive 
of  a  considerable  expenditure  of  time  and  money ;  then 
proper  curing  sheds  would  have  to  be  erected,  and 
other  buildings  as  well — all  of  which  would  cost 
money  and  not  be  available  for  any  other  pur- 
pose. Now,  if  Tobacco  cultivation  is  to  be 
fostered  and  not  driven  out  of  this  country,  as 
has  been  the  case  with  the  cultivation  of  many  other 


crops,  notably  Chicory,  Woad,  and  Flax,  some  con- 
sideration must  be  shown  to  the  pioneers  of  this 
advance  by  the  Government,  The  duty  on  Tobacco 
is  very  high,  compared  with  the  value  of  the  leaf,  and 
I  would  suggest  that  for  the  first  four  or  five  years  all 
growers  o(  Tobacco  in  the  United  Kingdom  should 
not  be  interfered  with  by  the  Excise  in  any  manner. 
This  could  not  in  that  time  seriously  aft'ect  the 
revenue.  If  it  did,  or  in  any  case,  after  the  expira- 
tion of  a  time  sufficient  to  solve  the  question,  the 
matter  might  be  considered,  and  a  difi'erential  duty, 
as  in  the  case  of  spirits,  be  imposed.  An  assurance 
of  this  kind  from  the  Government  as  early  as  possible 
before  the  preparation  of  the  land  for  next  season's 
crop  would  cause  a  considerable  impetus  to  this 
movement,  as  the  cultivators  would  be  free  from  the 
serious  risk  of  growing  a  crop  and  erecting  buildings 
for  its  preparation," 

What  the  action  of  the  Inland  Revenue  is  likely  to 
be  remains  uncertain.  We  should  have  thought  the 
simplest  plan  would  be  to  adopt  some  such  plan  as 
that  under  which  the  Malt  Tax  was  levied,  by 
licensing  the  curing  places,  and  taxing  the  Tobacco 
when  fit  for  consumption.  This,  however,  will 
involve  the  removal  of  the  present  restriction  upon 
the  cultivation,  under  which  the  prohibitive  duty  of 
,{,300  an  acre  is  levied,  A  report  reaches  us  that  an 
experimental  crop,  grown  upon  the  Lincoln  Corpora- 
tion Sewage  Farm,  has  been  destroyed  "by  order  of 
the  Excise  authorities,"  in  consequence  of  the  neces- 
sary permission  not  having  been  obtained. 


AUTUMN  ROSE  SHOWS. 
I.N'  the  very  remarkable  papers  which  "  D,  T,  F." 
has  lately  contributed  to  the  Gardeners^  C/iroftt'ctc  he 
has,  amongst  other  strange  notions,  advocated  some 
kind  of  treatment  of  Roses  by  which  they  are  to  be 
brought  into  flower,  not  forced,  but  retarded  in  some 
inscrutable  way,  so  that  they  may  be  had  at  any  time. 
Well,  it  will  be  a  new  era  in  gardening,  and  I  suppose 
we  may  look  for  green  Gooseberries  in  July  and 
Strawberries  in  August.  I  confess  his  remarks  on  this 
part  of  the  subject  are  beyond  my  comprehension, 
and  he  also  seems  to  have  mystified  my  friend 
"T,  W.  G.,"  but  there  is  one  thing  of  which  he 
seems  to  be  quite  ignorant  ;  he  says,  that  the  National 
Rose  Society  would  do  well  to  expend  its  energies 
and  money  in  encouraging  such  shows.  Now,  in  the 
first  place,  the  Society  has  not  at  present  any  money 
to  "fly  kites"  with;  and  then,  secondly,  it  has 
already  tried  it  and  found  it  to  be  a  miserable 
failure.  Some  four  or  five  years  ago,  when  the  great 
International  Show  at  Manchester  was  held  in  the 
latter  part  of  August  (the  2Sth,  I  think),  Mr,  Findlay, 
burning  with  his  usual  desire  to  make  all  his  shows 
attractive,  was  enabled  to  get  his  committee  to  assent 
to  our  going  there,  and  giving  us  substantial  help  for 
carrying  out  the  plan.  Well,  we  did  so  ;  an  excellent 
schedule  was  arranged,  and  exhibits  were  courted. 
What  was  the  result  ?  A  few  Northern  exhibitors 
were  enabled  to  show,  and  one  of  the  reports  now 
before  me  says,  "the  attempt  to  hold  a  Rose  show  so 
late  in  the  year  met  with  fully  as  much  success  as 
might  have  been  anticipated,"  When  a  qualifying 
sentence  like  that  is  used  we  know  (as  "  \.  H.  K,  B." 
says  in  one  of  his  essays)  pretty  well  what  it  means. 
I  believe  but  one  amateur  exhibitor  south  of  the  Trent 
put  in  an  appearance  ;  and  I  do  not  think  that  any  of 
the  Southern  growers  for  sale  who  exhibited  were  very 
much  elated  by  the  encomiums  passed  upon  their 
Roses.  But  we  do  also  see  Roses  in  August  at  other 
places.  I  generally  go  into  the  West  of  England 
for  one  of  the  best  provincial  shows  in  the 
kingdom  (Taunton),  I  did  so  this  year,  in  the 
middle  of  August,  which  has  been  an  excep- 
tionally good  season   for  autumn   blooming,     I  saw 


there  stands  exhibited  by  a  few  of  our  best 
growers,  both  amateur  and  professional,  and  I  can 
only  say  that  they  were  stands  which  in  [uly  would  have 
been  simply  passed  over,  but  which  under  the  circum- 
stances gained  1st  and  2d  prizes  ;  many  of  them  were 
utterly  out  of  character,  and  it  would  have  been 
impossible  for  any  one  to  have  recognised  them. 
Still,  you  may  get  now  and  then  in  your  Rose  garden 
blooms  that  would  not  have  disgraced  a  stand  in 
July,  but  that  is  a  very  different  thing  to  getting  a  box 
of  twenty-four  good  ones,  and  until  "  D.  T.  F.'s" 
new  patent  is  out  I  am  afraid  we  must  wait. 

With  regard  to  Tea  Roses,  I  think  the  same  writer 
has  misunderstood  my  meaning  with  regard  to  the 
seedling  Brier,  and  its  effect  on  them.  Formerly  all 
dwarf  Teas  were  grown  on  the  Manetti,  and  for  many 
of  them  it  was  too  rampant,  and  started  too  early 
into  growth  ;  it  thus  forced  the  scion  on  with  itself, 
the  result  being  that  they  either  succumbed  to  the 
early  frosts  or  were  overpowered  by  the  stock.  The 
introduction  of  the  seedling  llrier  altered  all  that ;  it 
gave  them  a  stock  which  was  not  so  rampant  as  the 
Manetti,  nor  so  early,  and  the  result  has  been 
that  many  of  the  older  varieties  which  were 
difficult  to  grow  before  are  now  comparatively 
easy  to  cultivate,  but  it  is  also  to  be  noted  that 
we  have  had  introduced  varieties  of  late  years 
which  seem  to  have  a  more  vigorous  constitution  to 
start  with,  such  Roses  as  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madame 
Lambard,  Innocente  Pirola,  Marie  Van  Houtte,  all 
have  a  constitution  as  vigorous  as  one  could  desire. 
In  somewhat  questioning  my  statement  on  this  sub- 
ject, "  D,  T,  F,"  adduces  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam  as 
not  bearing  out  my  theory  ;  but  Lady  Mary  Fitz- 
william is  not  a  Tea  !  I  have  several  catalogues  now 
before  me  ;  in  some  it  is  included  amongst  the  hybrid 
perpetuals,  in  others  amongst  the  hybrid  Teas,  but 
in  not  one  of  them  is  it  included  amongst  the  Teas  ; 
indeed,  one  can  hardly  understand  how  any  one  who 
had  ever  seen  it  growing  could  have  thought  it 
belonged  to  that  class.  It  is  of  the  same  style  of  growth 
as  Baroness  Rothschild  ;  and,  although  many  people 
found  it  difficult  to  succeed  with  it,  yet  others,  such  as 
my  friend,  Mr.  T.  B.  Haywood,  of  Reigate,  gave  it 
a  better  character.  There  is  much  capriciousness  in 
Roses  with  regard  to  both  climate  and  soil.  We  find 
the  same  in  fruit.  Take  the  Strawberry,  for  example. 
We  see  some  variety  lauded  up  to  the  skies  :  we 
try  it,  and  find  it  to  be  a  hideous  fjilure.  Let  us  not 
be  inclined  to  dismiss  the  sort  as  a  worthless  one,  but 
rather  believe  that  our  soil  or  climate  does  not  suit  it. 
How  many  varieties  of  Potatos  have  I  tried  which 
have  been  recommended  as  a  ball  of  flour  which  I 
have  in  my  garden  found  to  be  close  and  waxy  ? 
Again  I  say,  cast  no  doubt  on  the  veracity  and  judg- 
ment of  the  person  who  has  recommended  it  to  you, 
but  rather  believe  it  was  not  at  home  ;  and  so  I  am 
persuaded  it  is  with  Roses.  How  often  have  I  heard 
rosarians  talking  together  about  different  varieties. 
One  praises  a  sort.  "Oh !  but,"  is  the  retort,  "it  is  such 
a  brute  in  growth."  Immediately  there  is  a  cry  out. 
"As  vigorous  as  any  Rose  I  have."  I  think  that  while 
there  may  be  other  causes  for  this,  yet  one  is  the 
idiosyncracy  of  the  variety  in  question.  It  may  be 
thought  that  these  are  very  insignificant  things  to 
take  note  when  the  wide  range  of  horticulture  is  to 
be  considered,  but  to  many  they  are  of  interest,  and 
anything  that  keeps  alive  the  love  of  horticulture  and 
tends  to  close  observation  must  not  be  considered 
trivial.  In  his  communication  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  of  October  23  "  D.  T.  F."  plunges 
deeper  into  the  mire.  I  leave  "  T.  W.  G."  to  settle 
with  him,  as  he  is  well  capable  of  doing,  but  cannot 
forbear  replying  to  his  remarks  at  the  end  of  his 
letter,  where  he  exhibits  the  most  astounding  ignor 
ance  of  a  Society  of  which  he  is  a  member,  and 
whose  reports  he  receives  every  year.  He  surel 
ought  to  know  better  than  to  say  that  the  Society  holds 
two  big  shows  because  they  pay,  for,  as  a  matter  of  (act, 
it  never  receives  one  penny  from  the  exhibitions,  how- 
ever successful  they  may  be.  He  asks.  What  do  sub- 
scribers pay  their  subscription  for  ?  Well,  I  think  that 
they  get  pretty  full  value  in  the  tickets  they  receive, 
the  form  which  the  quid  pro  quo  generally  takes  in  all 
societies.  He  asks  why  information  is  not  given  in  the 
Rosarians  Year  Book  as  to  mildew,  orange  fungus,  &c.  ? 
Why,  all  the  subjects  which  he  mentions  have 
been  discussed  in  the  Year  Book.  He  himself 
took  part  in  the  discussion  on  mildew,  and  is,  I  see 
by  the  prospectus,  to  do  the  same  this  year  for  Orange 
fungus  !  The  Society  has  published  a  "  Catalogue  of 
Exhibition  and  Garden  Roses,  and  Hints  on  their 


588 


772^^     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[November  6,  i886. 


Culture,"  and  has  spread  information  on  various 
subjects  connected  with  the  Rose.  He  talks  sneer- 
ingly  of  the  "phalanx  of  judges."  Is  he  aware  that 
no  more  than  three  judges  are  allocated  to  any  class, 
and  that  the  "phalanx  "  is  necessary  simply  because 
the  whole  work  must  be  got  over  in  an  hour's  time  ? 
Had  the  Society  the  whole  morning  at  their  disposal 
there  would  be  no  occasion  for  a  "  phalanx  "  !  and  if 
"  D.  T.  F."  would  only  try  Rose  showing  for  a  sea- 
son, and  keep  an  honest  debtor  and  creditor  account 
of  prizes  and  expenses,  he  would,  I  think,  soon  find 
out  that  his  idea  of  men  making  a  single  penny  by 
the  most  successful  exhibiting  is  a  gross  illusion. 
Wild  Rose. 


Trade   ]Vot)ce3. 


NEW  GLOXINIAS. 
Accompanying  this  I  send  you  a  number  of  photo- 
graphs of  my  new  improved  large-flowering  Gloxinias, 
of  which  I  shall  ofifer  seeds  and  plants  to  the  trade 
in  the  course  of  next  season.  I  wish  to  call  your 
attention  especially  to  the  Silpiglossis-like  veined 
variety.  I  forward  also  electro  of  two  beautiful 
flowers  of  the  new  Gloxinias  (fig.  115).  These  flowers 
are  the  results  of  the  fertilization  of  the  erect-Hower- 
ing  types  of  G.  crassifolia  and  G .  hybrida,  and  unite 
the  habit  of  G.  crassifolia  with  the  freedom  of  flower- 
ing and  the  richness  of  colour  of  G.  hybrida.  I  should 
have  preferred  to  have  sent  you  at  the  time  of  flowerinj 
some  blooms,  so  that  you  might  have  had  a  good 
idea  of  their  beauty,  if  the  transportation  to  so  great 
a  distance  without  injury  were  not  so  difiicult  of 
accomplishment.  As  the  colouring  and  markings  of 
the  flowers  can  but  faintly  be  shadowed  forth  in  a 
photograph,  I  can  refer  to  all  the  horticultural  firms 
of  this  place  that  my  statements  as  to  the  brilliancy 
of  the  novelty  are  true.    F.  C.  Heinemann,  Eifurl. 

John  Laing  &  Co. 
The  partnership  heretofore  existing  between  Mr. 
John  Laing  and  Mr.  J.  R.  Box  has  been  dissolved  by 
mutual  consent.  The  business  will  in  future  be 
carried  on  by  Mr.  Laing  and  hi;,  two  sons  under  the 
former  name  of  John  Laing  &  Co. 

Mr.  La.xton. 
We  understand  that  Mr.  Laxton  has  decided  to 
sell  off  the  whole  of  his  stock  of  seedling  fruits, 
Roses,  &c.,  raised  by  him  at  Girtford.  The  seed- 
ling Peas  and  Potatos  —  the  results  of  hundreds 
of  experiments— will  be  disposed  of  privately.  Mr. 
Laxton  has  been  so  careful  an  experimenter,  has 
achieved  so  high  a  degree  of  practical  success,  and 
also  contributed  so  much  to  physiological  know- 
ledge, that  we  can  but  regret  the  cessation  of  his 
labours,  though  we  shall  not  be  surprised  to  hear 
that  Mr.  Laxton  has  a  "  hand  "  in  similar  proceed- 
ings at  Llangollen,  at  any  rate  the  "  Hand"  at  that 
place  is  about  to  pass  into  his  tenancy. 

Mr.  Turner's  Nursery,  Slough. 

Some  years  ago,  when  the  late  Mr.  Turner  took  the 
large  field  lying  between  the  old  nursery  and  the  Great 
Western  Railway,  he  was  fortunate  enough  to  hit 
upon  a  space  of  144  acres  well  adapted  for  fruit  tree 
culture.  A  bed  of  deep  fertile  loam  resting  upon  the 
gravel — land  that  grows  Wheat  to  perfection — is  just 
the  soil  to  grow  good  fruit  trees,  and  in  it  they  make 
a  clean  vigorous  growth  without  being  too  gross  and 
sappy  ;  plenty  of  fibrous  roots  are  made,  and  trees  are 
found  to  transplant  well  from  it.  At  the  present  time 
the  trees  will  repay  inspection.  The  land  is  not  cul- 
ivated  so  highly  as  is  done  by  some  who  grow  fruit 
trees  on  a  large  scale  ;  but  the  quality  of  the  trees  is 
all  that  planters  can  well  desire.  They  appear  to 
come  into  bearing  quickly  also,  judging  from  the  size 
of  some  of  the  bush  trees  that  were  bearing  fruit 
freely,  and  not  only  freely,  but  of  excellent  quality 
also  ;  and  though  it  has  been  thought  by  some  that 
the  prevailmg  depression  has  operated  to  restrict  the 
planting  of  trained  trees,  yet  they  appear  to  be  in 
constant  demand,  if  the  extent  to  which  they  are 
grown  at  Slough  may  be  taken  as  afiording  reliable 
evidence  to  that  effect.  The  fruit,  like  the  home 
nursery,  is  kept  in  excellent  order,  and  the  foreman 
of  this  department  has  been  in  Mr.  Turner's  employ- 
ment for  the  space  of  forty  years.  The  late  Mr. 
Charles  Turner  was  as  keen  and  well  informed 
a  pomologist  as  he  was  a  florist. 

Bush  Apples  are  worked  on   the  Par.i.dise   stock, 


and,  as  a  matter  of  course,  they  become  saleable  stock 
much  more  quickly  than  trained  trees  which  are 
grown  on  the  Crab.  There  is  a  very  fine  lot  of 
standard  Apples  on  the  Crab  stock  on  clean,  straight 
stems  five  to  six  years  of  age. 

Bush  or  pyramid  Pears  are  all  on  the  Quince  stock, 
and  it  takes  something  like  five  years  to  grow  into 
good  trees  fit  for  planting  to  come  into  bearing  at 
once.  Standard  Pears  are  on  the  Pear  stock,  and  the 
stems  to  be  grafted  are  allowed  to  grow  for  two  years 
before  this  operation  takes  place,  and  they  make  good 
heads  in  another  three  years. 

Of  the  various  stone  fruits  there  are  large  breadths, 
dwarf-trained  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apricots 
being  very  fine,  six-year  old  trees  being  well-finished, 
and  if  transplanted  at  once  would  bear  fruit  next 
year.  Apricots  are  not  so  much  in  demand  as  for- 
merly, because  not  so  much  planted  ;  they  are  chiefly 
worked  on  the  Mussel  stock.  The  principal  Plums 
are  grown  as  dwarf-trained  trees,  or  as  standards. 

Large  stools  of  Figs  for  layering  can  be  seen  ;  the 
principal  varieties  worked  are  Lee's  Perpetual  or 
Brown  Turkey,  which  is  in  great  demand  ;  Negro 
Largo,  Castle  Kennedy,  Brunswick,  Marieilles,  &c. 
The  layers  are  laid  down  in  June  and  July,  and  they 
are  rooted  sufticient  to  come  off  in  October.  Cherries 
worked  upon  the  wild  Cherry  stock  are  not  in  so 
large  demand  as  trained  trees  as  they  used  to  be, 
and  standards  are  numerous. 

Bush  fruits  are  a  prime  feature  also.  Currants  and 
Gooseberries  being  largely  propagated.  Cuttings  of 
Currants  are  being  put  in  now,  and  the  trees  are  sold 
three  years  from  cuttings,  A  considerable  collection 
of  the  large  Lancashire  varieties  is  also  grown,  and 
there  is  an  increasing  demand  for  them. 

Maiden  Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Cherries,  and 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  of  the  finest  kinds  are  here  in 
large  quantities.  Maiden  Apples  worked  in  March 
have  made  a  rare  growth,  and  have  strong  well- 
ripened  stems  5  and  6'  feet  in  height,  and  this  without 
the  help  of  manure  ;  the  natural  fertility  of  the  soil  is 
the  only  stimulant. 

An  old  gardener  once  remarked  that  "it  is  always 
better  to  have  a  soil  too  light  rather  than  a  very  wet 
one  ;  for  where  it  is  found  to  be  too  adhesive  after  the 
roots  of  the  tree  have  extended  themselves  in  the 
border,  a  remedy  for  the  soil  cannot  well  be  applied 
without  damage  ; "  therefore  the  nature  of  the  soil 
should  be  considered  at  the  time  of  planting.  A 
heavy  clay  soil  can  be  lightened  by  having  road-drift 
or  burnt  earth  mixed  with  it — previous  to  planting,  of 
course,  and  vegetable  refuse  can  be  added  with 
advantage.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  soil  be  too 
light  it  can  be  improved  by  the  addition  of  some  of  a 
stronger  character — say  a  strong  loam.  Trees  in  a 
light  soil  are  greatly  helped  by  a  good  mulching  of 
short  manure  during  summer,  and  by  occasional  doses 
of  liquid  manure  when  bearing  fruit.   A'.  D. 


THE     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SEASON. 

The  return  of  November  has  brought  with  it  the 
ever-welcome  Chrysanthemum,  the  first  appearance  of 
which  was  noted  in  the  pretty  display  at  South  Ken- 
sington  on  Tuesday,  October  26,  We  say  this  much 
advisedly,  as  since  the  advent  of  the  summer,  or 
early  flowering  varieties,  the  flower  in  some  of  its 
forms  is  hardly  ever  absent  from  gardens  after  June, 
and  the  flowering  season  can  merely  be  said  to  culmi- 
nate in  November.  Unlike  the  popular  fancy  for 
Dahlias  of  certain  classes,  the  regard  for  the  Chrysan- 
themum has  known  no  waning,  but  in  fact  has 
considerably  advanced  of  late,  societies  for  the 
encouragement  of  its  cultivation  springing  into 
existence  in  towns  and  rural  districts.  Apart  from  its 
value  as  a  plant  to  enUven  the  greenhouse  or  con- 
servatory in  dull  November,  the  late  flowering 
kinds  are  certainly  becoming  favourites  in  the  flower 
borders,  and  as  floral  coverings  to  dissightly  walls, 
and  especially  in  town  gardens  that  usually  have 
more  than  their  share  of  ugly  brick  surroundings. 

We  shall  soon  be  in  the  thick  of  the  dififerent 
Chrysanthemum  contests  of  the  South  of  England  ; 
and  no  doubt  we  shall  have  some  fine  novelties  to 
chronicle  amongst  [Japanese,  incurved,  Anemone- 
flowered  or  pompon  kinds.  It  may  be  noted  as  a 
sign  of  the  interest  betrayed  in  the  Chrysanthemum, 
that  a  new  work  on  the  culture  of  the  flower  has 
quite  recently  appeared  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Moly- 
neux,  of  Swanmore  Park  Gardens,  Hampshire,  than 
whom  no  more  competent  exponent  could  be  found. 


Exhibitions  and  Meetings. 
The   following   are   some  of  the   more  important 
Chrysanthemum  shows  that  will  take  place  during  the 
present  month,  viz.:  — 

November  8  and  9— Surrey  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
,,     8  to  10— Lambetli  ditto. 

,,     9— Royal  Horticultural  :  Floral,  Fruit,  and  Scien- 
tific Committees  ;    and  St.    Neots  Chrysanthe- 
mum  Society. 
,,     9    and   10— Kingston   and  Surbiton    ditto  ;     and 

Southampton  Horticultural  Society. 
,,     10  and  IT — Croydon  ditto  ;    National  Chrysanthe- 
mum Society  ;  and  Bath  Floral  F^te. 
,,     II — Hammersmith. 

,,     II    and    12— Tunbridge    Welb    Chrysanthemum 
Society  ;  Portsmouth  ditto  ;    Richmond  Horti- 
cultural Society  ;  Bury  and  West  Suffolk  ditto. 
12 — Devon  and  E.teter  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
,,     12   and   13— Huddersfield    ditto ;    Reading    ditto 
{two  days)  ;    Canterbury   Gardeners'    Society  ; 
Lewisham  District  Floral  Society ;  and  Cheshunt 
Chrysanthemum  Society. 
,,     15  and  16 — Sheffield  and  Hallarashire  Gardeners 

Society. 
,,     16    and   17  —  Putney    Chrysanthemum    Society  ; 
Southend  ditto  ;  Winchester  Horticultural  So- 
ciety'';    Brighton      Chrysanthemum      Society  ; 
Watford     ditto  ;     Devizes    ditto    (two    days)  ; 
Teddington  ditto  ;  and  Twickenham  Horticul- 
tural Society. 
,,     17 — Caterham  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
,,     17  and  18— Bristol    ditto  ;    Newport  and  County 
Horticultural  Society  ;  and  Ascot  and  Sunning- 
hill  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
..     17  to  19 — York  Society  ot  Ancient  Florists 
,,     18 — Hitchen    Chrysanthemum    Show  ;     Taunton 
Chrysanthemum   Society  ;    Chiswick    Horticul- 
tural Society  ;  and  Royal  Horticultural  Sjciety 
of  Ireland. 
,,     18  and  19 — Hull  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
,,     19  and  20 — Sheffield  and  West  Riding  ditto. 
,,     20— Pudsey     Chrysanthemum     Society;      Rams- 
bottom  Floral  Society  ;  and  Kettering  ditto. 
,,     22  and  23— Leeds  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
,,     23— Borough  of  Hanley  ditto  ;  and  Oxford  ditto. 
, ,     23  and  2.}. — Manchester  Botanical  and  Horticultural 
Society ;    and   Liverpool    Horticultural    Asso- 
ciation. 
,,     24 — National    Chrysanthemum    Society:     Floral 

Committee,  1.30  p.m. 
,,     24  and  25 — Birmingham  Chrysanthemum  Society, 
,,     26— Colchester  and  Essex  Horticultural  Society. 
December  i — Tadcaster  Chrysanthemum  Society. 

The  Inner  Temple. 
The  usual  annual  arrangement  of  the  Chrysanthe- 
mums in  the  small  greenhouse  by  the  Embankment 
affords  the  visitor  a  view  of  a  great  number  of  both 
the  new  and  the  best  of  the  older  varieties.  It  is 
always  desirable  to  see  and  test  the  new  candidates 
for  popular  favour,  but  whether  it  is  owing  to  the 
unfavourable  eff"ect  the  heat  and  dryness  of  the  air 
of  August  had  on  the  buds,  or  to  other  causes,  these 
new  (and  also  the  older)  varieties  do  not  approach 
in  excellence  the  flowers  seen  in  previous  years. 
But  before  bearing  witness  against  this  year's  flowers 
generally  we  shall  await  their  appearance  on  the 
show  tables  at  the  National,  Kingston,  and  other 
leading  shows.  What  we  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
at  the  Temple  Gardens  proves  that  the  gardener — 
Mr.  Newton — thoroughly  understands  the  culture  of 
the  flower  in  mid-London,  and  has  done  the  best 
possible  under  peculiar  circumstances. 

Good  Old  Sorts. 

We  will  note  here  those  kinds  that  appeared  in 
good  form.  In  incurved  flowers  Beverley,  still  one 
of  the  finest  white  ;  Emily  Dale,  a  pale  primrose 
sport  from  Queen  of  England  ;  Fingal,  rosy-violet  ; 
Formosa  alba,  a  pretty  French  white,  more  than  ordi- 
narily incurved  ;  Gloria  Mundi,  a  small  but  pleasing 
tint  of  yellow  ;  Hero  of  Stoke  Newington,  rosy-pink  ; 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  which  every  one  knows  as  being 
a  beautiful  golden-yellow  flower  ;  Lord  Derby,  a  dark 
purple  ;  Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  one  of  the  most  perfect 
white  flowers  we  have  ;  and  Nil  Desperandum. 

Of  Japan  varieties  we  noted  Bras  Rouge,  coppery- 
bronze  of  hue  ;  Lakme,  a  variety  with  twisted  florets 
of  dark  orange,  with  a  pink  tinge  ;  Val  d'Andorre, 
and  under  its  synonym  Gaillardia,  large,  and  of  an 
orange-chestnut  tint  ;  the  bright  rose-coloured 
Bouquet  Fait,  with  large  half  tubulate  florets  ;  J.  H. 
Laing,  a  very  bright  primrose,  with  florets  of  great 
width  ;  Madame  Lacroix,  a  fine  pure  white  flower  ; 
Miss  Townsend,  with  thread  florets  of  deep  yellow  ; 
the  crimson-maroon  Triomphe  du  Nord,  well  re- 
flexed  and  distinct ;  Le  Roi,  a  brilliant  red-chestnut, 
very  showy ;  Mons.  Harman  Payne,  a  chestnut- 
brown  changing  to  yellow  in  the  centre — a  flattish 
flower  with  pointed  florets  ;  M.  Richard  Lariss,  a 
flower  large  and  full  with  florets  white  in  the  middle 


November  6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


589 


of  it,  changing  to  mauve  at  the  margin  ;  the  rich 
chestnut-coloured  Pete  Delaux  was  good  in  some 
instances,  as  were  Gsrdon  and  Source  d'Or — a  rich 
orange,  and  a  flower  of  much  regularity  of  outline. 
We  must  not  omit  that  fine  red-brown,  flower  Souvenir 
d'Amsterdam,  several  examples  ol  which  were 
observed. 

FiNSEURY  Park,  N. 

The  usual  annual  display  of  Chrysanthemums  is 
well  worth  a  visit  ;  the  reputation  of  the  Park  for  its 
shows  of  these  useful  and  decorative  flowers  is  sus- 
tained.  Mr.  Mardlin,  who  has  charge  of  the  plants, 
evidently  thoroughly  understands  their  requirements, 
and  that  he  does  produce  good  plants  and  fine  flowers 
the  large  attendance  of  visitors  amply  testifies.  The 
individual  flowers,  generally  speaking,  are  large- 
sized,  clean,  and  well  shaped,  and  in  all  cases  the 
colours  are  bright  and  clear.  Perhaps  the  most — or, 
at  all  events,  one  of  the  most — attractive  varieties  for 
those  people  whose  favour  does  not  run  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  incurved  sorts,  and  who  desire  something 
distinct,  is  Mons.  Freeman,  a  Japanese  variety,  with 
incurved  tips  to  the  petals,  the  colour  being  a  delicate 
rose.  The  flower  has  a  solid  appearance,  and  is 
dwarf  in  habit.     Among  other  noticeable   varieties 


Japanese  variety  is  Galathee,  rose  tinged  with  violet, 
and  is  a  grotesque  flower,  the  florets  being  long  and 
much  twisted — very  large. 

A  good  incurved  is  George  Glenny,  a  bright  prim- 
rose, and  well  formed  compact  flower.  Also  Golden 
George  Glenny,  differing  only  in  colour. 

Other  well  known  flowers  include  Elaine,  Emily 
Dale,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Mons.  Tatin,  Empress  of  India, 
&c.,  which  are  all  very  well  known  and  appreciated. 


JhE      ^jLPIjME     'CJAf^DEN. 


SAXIFRAGA  FORTUNEI   AND  ITS  ALLIES. 

The  Saxifrages  of  the  "  Diptera  "  section,  only  four 
of  which  are  as  yet  known  to  botanists,  are  all  natives 
of  China  and  Japan,  and  include  Fortunei,  cortuss- 
folia,  sarmentosa  or  japonica  of  some  gardens,  and 
cuscutEeformis.  The  first  three  are  in  cultivation,  but 
the  last,  which  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Cabinet, 
t.  186,  introduced  by  the  Loddiges,  and,  if  we  mistake 
not,  flowered  at  Oxford  in  1861  ;  the  runners  are  said 
to  resemble  a  Cuscuta,  leaves  nearly  orbicular,  flowers 
small,  with  the  petals  more  regular  than  in  any  of  the 
other  species.  We  have  never  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 


division  of  the  roots  after  flowering  or  by  seed,  which 
it  sometimes  ripens  in  open  seasons.  It  first  flowered 
in  Mr.  Standish's  nursery,  Bagshot,  and  is  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Jl/agazine,  t.  5379. 

A  plant  figured  in  Illustration  Horticok,  1864, 
t.  398,  as  S.  Fortunei  var.  tricolor,  and  which  we 
believe  was  procured  from  the  above  source,  is  only  a 
variety  of  sarmentosa,  and  not  Fortunei.  No  flowers 
are  shown  in  the  drawing,  but  the  runners  so  peculiar 
to  S.  sarmentosa,  as  well  as  the  very  hispid  leaves,  are 
shown  distinctly, 

S.  cortuscefolia,  which  is  of  more  recent  introduc- 
tion, having  been  sent  out  a  few  years  ago  by  the 
Messrs.  Veitch  differs  from  the  above  in  its  smaller 
flowers,  subreniform  leaves,  and  triangular  acute 
instead  of  obtuse  lobes,  and  entire  not  crenated 
petals.  It  is  a  useful  companion  to  the  above,  espe- 
cially as  it  flowers  with  the  other  at  a  time  when  most 
of  the  good  things  are  long  past  their  best,  and 
notably  that  they  may  be  grown  with  ease  even  in  a 
small  garden  with  little  or  no  attention  after  the 
plants  are  once  established. 

Primula  capitata  crispa, 

A  provisional  name  given  to  a  plant  now  flowering 

in  the  new  rock  garden  at  Kew  ;  a  decided  acquisi- 


Fig.  115. — heinemann's  new  varieties  ok  gloxinias,     (see  p. 


were  : — Yellow  Globe,  a  very  handsome  flower  in  all 
respects  but  in  colour  like  White  Globe,  from  which 
it  is  a  sport.  The  colour  is  pale  yellow.  Queen  of 
England  is  well  flowered  at  the  Park,  and  is  repre- 
sented by  several  fine  blooms  of  a  very  pale  flesh 
colour  (incurved). 

Mandarin  is  a  Japanese  variety  with  tubular  florets  ; 
its  colour  is  a  bronzy-yellow,  produced  by  the  red- 
brown  streaks  on  a  yellow  ground,  and  it  should  be 
a  great  favourite  ;  it  is,  moreover,  a  free  flowerer. 
One  of  the  newer  flowers,  and  one  of  merit  also,  is 
Mrs.  Mardlin,  a  hybrid  pompon  from  President  ;  it 
is  red  on  white,  and  very  distinct  ;  it  is  yet  to  be  seen 
how  it  will  be  appreciated.  Mons.  |.  II.  Laing 
should  recommend  itself  to  lovers  of  the  peculiar  on 
account  of  its  colour,  which  is  a  strange  mixture  of 
yellow  and  pink  or  rose  shading  on  a  whitish  ground, 
the  tips  white  :  the  florets  are  flat,  and  the  whole 
flower  of  a  medium  size.  Lakme,  Madame  de  Sevin 
(Japanese),  rich  cerise,  and  one  of  the  best  large 
flowers,  being  solid,  L'Adorable  is  likely  to  become 
a  favourite — yellow  with  red-brown  centre  (J.ipanese). 
Dormillon  (Japanese),  rich  red  with  a  tinge  of  violet, 
medium  size ;  I'Aube  Matinale  (Japanese),  terra- 
cotta on  yellow — a  fine  medium-sized  flower,  yellow 
on  the  underside,  florets  slightly  twisted  ;  Sceur 
Dorothte  Souille,  free  flowering  Anemone  Japanese, 
pink,  darker  underside ;  Marguerite  Marrouch,  a 
large  flowered  terra-colta  coloured  variety,  with  a 
yellow  reverse  ;  La  France— a  Japanese,  much  re- 
sembling in  colour  the  Rose  of  that  name,  medium 
size— is  a  very  pretty  flower.     A  very  good  tubular 


it  growing,  and  it  may  probably  be  lost  altogether. 
A  good  division,  which  may  be  taken  advantage  of 
by  growers,  presents  itself  even  in  such  a  small  section 
as  the  above — those  having  runners  including  sar- 
mentosa and  cuscutseformif,  those  without  runners 
including  the  other  two  ;  and  it  is  to  the  last  section 
that  out  attention  is  particularly  directed  at  this  late 
season,  both  of  them  having  for  the  last  fortnight  or 
mote  eclipsed  all  other  late  flowering  plants  with 
which  we  are  acquainted,  Fortunei  more  especially, 
the  flowers  being  much  larger,  and  if  anything  more 
numerous  than  in  the  other.  In  S.  Fortunei  the 
leaves  are  generally  distinctly  cordate,  dark  green- 
coloured,  and  having  but  a  few  bristles  on  the  upper 
surface.  Underneath  the  bristles  are  more  numerous, 
especially  on  the  veins ;  lobes  from  10  to  12,  dis- 
tinctly obtuse,  with  many  small  serratures,  petioles 
rough  from  the  scars  of  deciduous  bristles,  and 
broadening  into  a  hollow  clasping  base  ;  flowers  very 
numerous,  in  loose  panicles,  white,  the  longer  petal 
being  sometimes  bifid  with  serrated  margins.  This, 
as  we  have  already  said,  is  one  of  the  best  autumn 
flowering  plants  we  possess  for  open-air  culture.  It 
is  perfectly  hardy,  and  seems  to  thrive  best  in  half 
shady  places,  inclined  to  be  moist  than  otherwise. 
Rich  peat  is  a  good  medium,  but  we  find  it  grows 
more  robust,  and  produces  more  flowering  stems  in  a 
stifiish  half  loam  half  peaty  soil.  Although  it  pro- 
duces  no    runners  it  may   be  easily  propagated    by 


tion,  and  one  of  the  most  distinct  of  this  set  we  have 
yet  seen.  It  seems  to  partake  of  the  characters  of 
both  capitata  and  denticulata  in  such  a  way  that  the 
lower  half  is  capitata  and  the  upper  denticulala  ;  the 
leaves  are  in  rosette  form,  thin  textured,  finely 
reticulated,  and  with  a  beautiful  crisp  margin  ;  the 
flowers,  however,  which  are  in  capitate  heads,  are 
deeper  in  colour  than  denticulata,  and  all  looking  up 
as  in  that  species,  and  not  at  right  angles  with  the 
scape,  as  is  the  case  in  the  oridnary  forms  of  P. 
capitata.  Seedling  plants  of  it  have  flowered  more  or 
less  since  the  latter  end  of  April,  and  as  it  appears  to 
stand  our  moist  winters  better  than  any  of  the  others 
from  that  region  (the  Himalayas),  it  is  likely  to  be 
sought  after  by  lovers  of  this  class  of  plants.  D. 

Origanum  sipyleum. 
There  seems  to  be  frequent  confusion  between 
this  species  and  O.  Toutnefottii,  in  British  gardens 
at  least.  If  Sibthorp's  figures  in  his  Flora  Gitzca 
are  to  be  relied  upon,  there  need  be  no  confusion 
between  the  two,  unless  they  are  more  liable  to 
variation  in  a  cultivated  state  than  is  generally 
supposed.  O.  Tournefortii  is  represented  in  vol. 
vi.,  569,  and  exhibits  stiff,  very  leafy,  and  slightly 
branched  stems,  terminated  by  an  oblong  solitary 
spike  of  flowers  with  the  usual  densely  arranged 
imbricating  bracts.  O.  sipyleum,  on  the  other  hand, 
as  represented  at  fig.  570  of  the  same  work,  is  dis- 


590 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


LNOVEMBER  6,    1886. 


tinctly  characterised  by  a  drooping  or  procumbent 
habit,  with  much  branched  stems  and  wiry  branches 
terminated  by  solitary,  gr.iceluUy  nodding  spikes  of 
smaller  size  than  those  of  O.  Tourneforlii.  The 
radical  suckers  are  villous  or  densely  haity,  while  the 
plant  is  altogether  smoother  upwards,  with  deeply 
glaucous  leaves.  This  is  the  form  commonly  seen  in 
cultivation,  although  frequently  named  O.  Tourneforlii 
in  gardens.  It  proves  harJy  in  all  but  the  severest 
winters  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  and  keeps 
up  a  lengthened  display  all  through  the  autumn 
moDlhs.  The  rosy-purple  bracts  enclosing  the  spicate 
flowers  are  highly  ornamental  in  themselves,  even  after 
the  corollas  have  long  since  dropped.  Rather  dry, 
sheltered  nooks  in  the  rock  garden,  with  perfect 
exposure  to  sun  and  light,  will  grow  this  or  any  of  the 
hardy  perennial  species  of  Origanum  to  perfection. 
The  species  under  notice  well  merits  cultivation  in 
pots  by  those  who  have  the  convenience  of  a  cool 
house  to  show  it  off  with  the  best  effect.  The  root- 
stock  does  not  spread  rapidly,  but  propagation  is 
readily  effected  by  the  barren  shoots  that  spring  from 
the  rootstock,  even  when  the  plant  is  in  flower.  Sandy 
soil  under  a  handlight  is  the  best  medium.   J.   F. 


\\  inch  in  excess.  This  is  now  the  third  dry  year  in 
succession.  Depth  of  rain  for  the  locality  in  the 
year  is  a  little  over  30  inches.  J.  Webster^  Gordon 
Casdc  Gardens^  Aberdeenshire,  October  29. 


FRUIT  AND  VEGETABLE  CROP 
OF  1SS6. 

The  ingatheiing  of  the  season's  crops  must  now  be 
about  completed  everywhere,  and  a  few  remarks  as  to 
how  far  anticipations  have  been  fulfilled,  which  were 
but  in  distant  view  and  hangini;  in  the  balance  on 
July  24,  when  reports  from  correspondents  were  seen, 
gleaned  from  all  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom  and 
Ireland,  in  the  Gardeners'  C/uonulc.  The  season 
bad  been,  as  then  reported,  cold,  and  not  less  than 
from  two  to  three  weeks  later  than  the  average  for  the 
period.  A  very  general  wish  being  then  expressed 
that  the  backward  summer  would  be  followed  by  a 
bright  and  warm  autumn,  thanks  to  a  kind  and  mer- 
ciful Providence  the  desired  change  came,  and  for 
this  northern  district  especially  not  a  day  too  soon. 
This  increase  of  heat  began  early  in  August,  and  con- 
tinued with  little  variation  until  October  15.  Fruit 
on  walls  especially  showed  an  early  improvement, 
particularly  on  south  aspects,  getting  full  benefit  of 
twelve  hours'  rain.  Here  Peaches  and  Apricots 
ripened  perfectly  ;  the  former,  although  a  little  smaller 
than  usual,  were  high  coloured,  and  good  flavoured. 
The  later  were,  however,  quite  equal  in  size  to  former 
seasons,  being  also  clean  and  perfectly  ripened  fruit 
all  over.  Plums  have  yielded  a  large  crop  both  on 
walls  and  standards  ;  they  have,  however,  been  smaller 
than  usual,  owing,  no  doubt,  to  the  cold  summer  and 
heavy  crop. 

The  Pear  crop  has  been  a  light  one,  being  also 
small  and  imperfectly  ripened  especially  on  walls  of 
east  and  west  aspects. 

Apples,  with  the  exception  ol  two  or  three  sorts, 
were  all  but  a  complete  failure  ;  plenty  of  blossom 
was  produced  in  the  spring,  but  weak  and  imperfect, 
and  they  failed  to  set,  although  the  weather  at  the  time 
was  favourftble  and  free  from  frost. 

Strawberries  were  a  good  crop,  but  owing  to  a  con- 
tinuation of  dry  weather,  all  kinds  of  early  sorts  were 
soon  over.  Late  kinds  were  also  abundant  and  high 
flavoured.  Raspberries  also  carried  a  good  crop,  but 
were  soon  over. 

Gooseberries  were  only  a  moderate  crop  ;  several 
sorts  which  promised  well  earlier  in  the  season,  did 
not  hold  out,  and  from  the  dry  weather  fruit  were  soon 
over.  Currants  of  all  kinds  were  plentiful  and  good. 
Cherries  dropped  a  good  deal  in  the  stoning  period, 
and  supplied  but  a  moderate  crop. 

In  the  class  of  vegetables,  the  season  has  suited 
most  kinds  admirably  ;  with  frequent  light  showers 
and  plenty  of  dew  they  have  kept  fresh  and  good  well 
through  the  autumn.  Potatos  have  produced  heavy 
crops  everywhere  in  the  North,  and  generally  of  excel- 
lent quality.  This  is  now  the  second  year  that  we  have 
been  free  from  Peronospora  infestans  on  the  foliage, 
while  the  root  are  as  sound  as  ever  they  were  previous 
to  1845— the  first  year  of  its  appearance. 

I  have  been  examining  the  full  and  forward  stages 
of  fruit  buds  on  moit  kinds  of  fruit,  which  are  pro- 
mising well  for  another  year's  crop,  and  having 
escaped  early  autumn  frosts,  foliage  on  early  kinds  are 
falling  yellow  and  ripe.  Heliotrope  was  only  cut  up 
on  October  26  by  2°  of  frost. 

Rainfall  for  the  la-t  nine  months  has  been  under 
average  for  each  mon'h,  excep'ing  in  May,  when  it  was 


ORCHIDS  AT  THE  WOODLANDS. 

To  the  enthusiastic  lover  of  Orchids,  the  collection 
of  K.  II.  Measures,  Esq.,  affords  at  any  season  of  the 
year  a  rich  treat,  abounding  as  it  does  in  good  plants 
of  all  the  finest  species  and  varieties  procurable,  and 
cultivated  in  a  perfect  manner.  As  a  consequence 
their  flowers  are  produced  in  great  profusion  and 
have  a  vigour  and  beauty  not  often  seen.  This  remark 
applies  particularly  to  a  fine  specimen  of  Vanda 
Sanderiana,  a  grand  plant  and  variety  carrying  two 
spikes  of  magnificent  blooms.  Aerides  Lawrenci^e 
is  flowering  freely  ;  this  is  also  a  handsome  species 
with  its  long  racemes  of  large  brightly  coloured 
flowers.  The  new  Caltleya  Bowringiana  is  a  welcome 
distinct  and  lovely  addition  to  our  late  autumn- 
blooming  species,  the  colour  being  deep  rose  with  a 
dark  crimson  labellum,  and  the  plant  very  floriferous. 
The  true  autumn-flowering  Catlleya  labiata,  var. 
Pescatorei,  is  just  expanding  its  blossoms  and  will  be 
in  perfection  for  some  time  to  come,  as  the  plant  is 
large  and  in  robust  health.  The  houses  devoted  to 
Cypripediums,  are  now  a  beautiful  sight  and  promise  a 
still  greater  display  of  bloom  at  a  later  date  ;  there  is 
a  large  number  of  Cypripedium  Spicerianum  and  its 
var.  magnificum,  a  great  many  of  them  carrying 
two  flowers  on  a  spike  ;  this  is  probably  owing  to  the 
strength  and  vigour  of  the  plant?.  The  new 
Cypripedium  Measuresianum  is  also  showing  bloom- 
buds.  This  is  probably  one  of  the  handsomest  of 
the    hybrids,    the    parents   being   C.    villosum    and 

C.  venustum  pardinum  ;  it  is  a  very  free  grower,  and 
an  abundant  bloomer,  the  greater  part  of  the  flower 
being  old  gold  colour  ;  of  this  variety  Mr.  Measures 
holds  the  entire  stock.  The  new  Odontoglossum- 
house  lately  erected  is  a  success  in  every  way,  and 
may  be  taken  as  a  model  of  what  such  structures  should 
be,  whilethecondition  of  the  plants  is  the  best  evidence 
of  its  suitability.  There  are  now  in  flower  some  hand- 
some specimens  of  Oiontoglossum  Insleayi  splendens, 
of  both  light  and  dark  varieties,  and  an  enormous  quan- 
tity of  Sophronites  grandiflora,  Oncidium  varicosum, 
and  many  other  kinds,  all  being  vigorous  in  growth 
and  clean.  The  Dendrobehouse  contains  many  gems, 
and  in  really  good  plants,  such  as  D.  nobile  nobilius, 

D.  nobile  Cooksoni,  D.  L-echianum,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  D.  Ainsworthii  and  D.  Ainsworthii 
roseum.  The  Cattleyas  and  Laslias  are  showing  a 
great  quantity  of  flower  sheaths.  A  special  favourite 
with  Mr.  Measures  is  the  genus  Cymbidium,  and  no 
collection  probably  contains  such  large  specimens  of 
the  best  and  showiest  species;  but  probably  the  most 
notable  plant  not  in  bloom  is  Angrcecum  caudatum,  a 
picture  of  perfect  health,  and  having  eight  large 
growths,  wiih  many  long  thick  aerial  roots— doubtless 
the  best  cultivated  specimen,  and  probably  the  largest 
in  this  country  ;  the  pure  white  Lycaste  and  the 
charming  Vanda  co^rulea,  Cymbidium  Mastersi,  D^n- 
drobium  Goldici,  and  many  others,  each  and  all 
lending  their  charms  to  a  display  which  is  quite 
exceptional  for  the  time  of  year.  I  must  not  forget 
to  mention  that  the  owner's  genial  manner  and  cheery 
welcome  adds  much  to  the  enjoyment  to  be  found  in 
an  inspection  of  bis  fine  and,  in  many  instances, 
matchless  specimens.  L.  G, 


D  AH  LIAS. 
These  plants  are  better  cut  over  about  lo  to 
12  inches  from  the  ground  ;  after  they  have  received 
one  night's  frost  a  little  soil  should  be  drawn  round  the 
stems  to  prevent  iniuiy  reaching  the  crown,  and  it  is 
better  to  let  the  tubers  remain  in  the  beds  thus  for  a 
few  days  previous  to  lifting  them.  Choose  a  dry  day 
for  this  operation,  and  use  a  piece  of  wire  to  fasten 
the  names  securely  to  each  plant.  Let  the  tubers  be 
partially  dried  in  a  shed  previous  to  storing  them  for 
the  winter,  and  frequently  examine  them  for  the  first 
few  weeks,  as  they  are  more  liable  to  decay  then,  than 
afterwards.     They  may  be  stored  in  any  frost-proof 


place.  My  usual  place  is  underneath  the  potting 
bench,  covered  6  inches  deep  with  dryish  soil.  They 
will,  however,  stand  the  winter  out-of-doors  in  the 
ground  with  protection  from  a  heap  of  coal  ashes, 
straw,  leaves,  or  any  other  material  of  sufficient  thick- 
ness to  exclude  frost.  With  a  little  extra  care  in  the 
spring  those  so  treated,  will  bloom  considerably  earlier 
than  those  struck  from  cuttings. 

Winter  and  Spring  Beds. 

The  various  occupants  of  the  flower  beds  should 
now  be  in  their  allotted  places  as  soon  as  possible,  if 
they  are  to  do  much  good,  as  frosts  and  rain  will 
rapidly  cool  the  soil  and  bring  root-action  to  a  m'ni- 
mum.  The  present  month  is  a  very  suitable  one  for 
the  planting  of  all  kinds  of  bulbs,  but  the  sooner  these 
are  planted  the  better.  In  planting  Crocuses  it  is  a 
good  preventative  against  damage  by  mice  to  well  dust 
the  bulbs  with  red  lead.  Where  winter  bedding  is  not 
carried  out,  and  the  empty  beds  are  an  eyesore,  shoots 
of  evergreens  may  be  stuck  in,  such  as  Laurel,  Holly, 
Box,  Rhododendron,  &c.,  or  the  beds  may  be  dug, 
finishing  them  with  a  smooth  margin  about  4  inches 
wide  ;  this  has  a  neat  effect,  and  more  of  the  surface 
is  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  atmosphere  than  in 
ordinary  digging. 

Much  time  will  now  have  to  be  devoted  to  sweep- 
ing of  lawns  to  rid  them  of  leaves  and  wormcasts ;  a 
thorough  watering  with  lime-water  will  bring  worms 
to  the  surface,  and  a  heavy  roller  passed  over 
the  surface  will  kill  them.  The  exceptional  mildness 
of  the  season  has  entailed  much  mowing,  but  now 
that  growth  has  almost  ceased,  a  close  mowing 
should  be  given  for  the  last  time,  which  will  facilitate 
the  work  of  sweeping  during  the  winter  months  when 
neatness  is  essentially  necessary.  W.  M.  DailliCy 
Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 


JhE    'pRCHID     j40U3E3. 


V  A  N  D  A  S. 
Although  it  may  be  natural  for  these  plants  to 
lose  many  of  their  bottom  leaves,  we  always  endea- 
vour to  give  them  a  sort  of  treatment  that  will 
tend  to  retain  them  on  the  plants  for  as  long  a 
time  as  possible.  No  one  will  admire  long  leafless 
stems,  and  the  handsomest  specimens  are  those 
with  foliage  down  to  the  pot.  At  the  same 
time  the  leggy  plants  might  be  in  good  health, 
and  perhaps  bear  the  finest  flower,  because  they  may 
have  been  grown  in  light  airy  positions.  To  grow 
Vanda  tricolor,  V.  suavis,  and  V.  insignis  so  as  to 
have  the  best  appearance  and  flower  freely,  theyrequire 
a  temperature  and  treatment  between  that  of  the 
Cattleya  and  of  the  East  Indian-houses.  We  have 
several  standing  on  the  central  stage  in  the  Cattleya- 
house,  where  Laslia  purpurata  does  well.  This  phce 
suits  the  Vandas  best,  during  the  cooler  season  as  the 
atmosphere  is  moister,  and  they  derive  benefit  from 
the  warmth  of  a  bed  of  Oak  leaves  that  is  placed 
under  the  stage.  In  summer  the  Cattleya  treatment 
causes  the  Vandas  to  flower  very  freely  which  is  an- 
tagonistic to  their  being  kept  well  furnished  with 
foliage.  Those  plants  which  have  the  best  appearance 
here  are  grown  in  a  sm:ill  division  at  the  north  end 
of  the  Cattleya-house  ;  here  the  atmosphere  is  quite 
as  moist  as  that  of  an  East  Indian-house.  The  ri^ht 
temperature  during  winter  is  two  or  three  degrees 
warmer  than  that  of  the  Cattleya-house,  and  in 
summer  with  sun-heat  it  is  generally  lower  than  the 
Cattleya-house  proper.  Vanda  Denisoniana  grows 
very  well  in  baskets  with  only  a  few  crocks  placed 
about  the  roots,  the  plants  are  suspended  in  the 
Cattleya-house,  and  they  are  watered  of(en  during 
the  summer  time,  but  not  syringed  overhead,  V. 
(Renanthera)  Lowii,  V.  ccerulea,  and  V.  Batemani 
grow  best  in  the  East  India-house  ;  but  if  the  latter 
will  not  Sower  place  it  in  a  light  position  in  the 
Cattleya-house  for  the  summer  months. 

Potting  and  Cutting  Down 
From  the  present  time  until  February  will  be  the 
safest  season  to  repot  or  cut  down  any  plants  that 
require  it.  This  is  best  done  when  the  plants  are 
active  at  the  roots.  Any  that  have  lost  many  leaves 
and  not  yet  thrown  out  roots  from  the  bare  stems  high 
enough  to  bring  them  into  shape  when  cut  down 
should  be  placed  in  a  warm  moist  atmosphere  which 
will  induce  them  to  throw  out  roots  freely.  I  have 
never  gained  much  by  tying  moss  round  the  stems. 


NoVEMnER  6,  18SS.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


591 


Any  one  desirous  of  increasing  the  stock  of  any 
variety  should  not  be  in  a  huriy  to  cut  their  plants 
down,  as  they  will  push  out  breaks  from  the  stem. 
These  can  be  taken  off  when  they  have  made  sufficient 
roots  to  take  care  of  themselves.  Sometimes  by 
leaving  these  on  a  noble  plant  is  formed,  providing 
the  lead  does  not  lose  leaves  too  fas'.  Vandas  delight 
in  plenty  of  drainage.  When  potting  use  rather 
large  crocks.  These  can  be  worked  in  with  the  sphag- 
num higher  than  the  rim  of  the  pot.  Plants  that 
appear  too  large  for  their  pots  and  do  not  require 
lowering  will  receive  the  least  check  by  picking  out 
all  the  moss  possible,  and  by  filling  in  the  space  with 
new  crocks,  placing  the  pot  inside  a  larger  one,  after- 
wards filling  the  space  between  them  with  plenty  of 
drainage  and  sphagnum,  turning  in  with  it  when  pos- 
sible the  points  of  outside  roots.  Very  little  water  is 
necessary  during  winter,  but  just  enough  to  keep  the 
sphagnum  alive.  Plants  that  have  been  disturbed  at 
the  root  should  be  damped  about  the  pots  and  the 
stage  when  the  air  of  the  house  gets  at  all  dry. 

Cleaning  the  Stock. 
It  will  greatly  improve  the  appearance  of  any  col- 
lection  of  Orchids  at  this  season  to  go  through  all  the 
houses,  taking  the  plants  as  they  come,  sponging  the 
foliage,  top-dressing  any  that  require  it,  and  washing 
the  pots,  stages,  and  roofs.  Then  rearrange  the 
plants  so  that  all  may  get  an  equal  share  of  light,  but 
avoid  the  practice  of  standing  plants  on  the  floor  too 
long  when  the  weather  is  cold.  After  the  cleaning  is 
done,  should  there  be  any  doubt  as  to  ihrips  being 
still  on  some  of  the  plants,  the  warm  houses  should  be 
fumigated — first  brushing  a  little  flowers  of  sulphur 
into  the  centre  of  any  growths  where  thrip  is  likely  to 
hide.  We  never  make  much  preparation  before 
fumigating,  only  to  see  that  growing  or  tender 
plants  are  moist  at  the  root  and  the  foliage  dry. 
After  trying  difierent  kinds  of  fumigators,  I  find 
nothing  safer  for  Orchids  than  several  ordinary  clay 
saucers,  about  7  inches  diameter,  placed  at  equal 
distance  on  the  walks,  in  number  according  to  the 
siie  of  the  house  ;  place  two  or  three  red-hot  coals  in 
each,  and  at  the  same  time  lay  on  a  small  handful  of 
tobacco-paper,  damp  it  a  little  on  the  top,  and  leave 
the  materia)  to  burn  out  without  further  attention. 
C.  Woolford,  Do7vnside. 


be  placed  in  a  cooler  and  better  ventilated  house  to 
stand  there  till  required,  otherwise  they  will  not  last 
in  good  condition  for  any  length  of  time.  The  tem- 
peratures in  the  various  houses  for  the  ensuing  fort- 
night should  be  kept  as  follows  :— Stove,  65"  night, 
75*  day;  greenhouse,  55"  night,  65"  day;  fernery, 
55°  night,  65°  day  ;  Rose,  60°  night,  70"  day  ;  forcing, 
65°  night,  75"  day  ;  warm  plant  pits,  60°  night, 
70"  day.  A.  Evavs^  Lytht  Hiil^  Hashmerc. 


pJ-AJSTg  AND  THEIR  j3uX.TUF(E. 


THE  CONSERVATORY. 
The  longer  nights  and  damp  weather  of  the  autumn 
will  call  for  constant  attention  in  picking  over  the 
plants,  else  a  great  deal  of  bloom  will  be  lost  by 
decay  ;  give  air  freely  on  favourable  days.  Camellias 
should  have  weak  waterings  of  liquid  manure  to 
increase  the  size  of  the  blooms,  the  best  stimulant 
being  soot  water.  In  conservatories,  as  a  rule,  the 
borders  are  rarely  fitted  to  grow  well  the  subjects 
planted  in  them,  and  considerable  attention  is  required 
to  keep  the  plants  in  health  and  vigour.  Orange 
trees,  especially  the  Otaheite  variety,  will  require  care- 
ful watering,  otherwise  they  will  lose  their  rootlets  and 
the  plants  will  soon  become  sickly  looking.  Keep 
the  house  gay  with  Chrysanthemums,  Arums,  Salvias, 
Violets,  Mignonette,  Cytisus,  Tuberoses,  zonal  Pelar- 
goniums, Fuchsias,  Bouvardias,  and  Cyclamens;  these, 
with  such  things  as  Azaleas,  Grevilleas,  Palms,  Ferns, 
and  the  very  useful  varieties  of  Amaranthus  salici- 
folius  and  A.  tricolor,  which  come  in  at  this  season. 
All  climbing  plants  should  be  thinned  out,  with  the 
exception  of  those  that  are  in  flower,  viz.,  Ilabro- 
thamnus.  Plumbago  capensis,  Lapagerias,  red  and 
white.  By  timely  attention  to  this  matter,  the  plan's 
beneath  the  climbers  suffer  but  little. 

Forcing  House. 
This  must  be  kept  well  filled  with  such  plants  as 
are  required  ;  a  good  quantity  of  Roman  Hyacinths, 
Spiraeas,  Due  van  Thol  Tulips,  Azaleas  of  the  early 
flowering  kinds.  Musks,  Violets,  Eucharis,  Tube- 
roses which  were  potted  late,  Schizostylis  coccinea, 
which  was  potted  early  ;  Arums,  a  few  established 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  Gardenias,  and  Tabernaeraontana 
coronaria.  Keep  up  a  nice  growing  atmosphere  in 
the  house,  and  keep  some  of  the  troughs  over  the  hot- 
water  pipes  filled  with  manure-water,  so  as  to  charge 
it  with  mild  ammoniacal  fumes,  thereby  greatly  assist- 
ing the  development  of  foliage  and  flower.  When 
the  plants  have  come  nicely  into  bloom  they  should 


Pf(UITS     ^NDEF^     '(^LA33. 


WINTERING     STRAWBERRIES     IN     POTS. 

The  time  of  year  has  now  arrived  when  pot  Straw- 
berries should  be  put  into  their  winter  quarters.  I 
may  here  remark  in  connection  with  this  sut^ject,  that 
we  should  endeavour  to  imitate  the  most  favourable 
conditions  under  which  any  plant  is  known  to  flourish 
in  its  natural  state  during  its  period  of  growth  and  rest 
in  subjecting  it  to  pot  cuure,  It  and  more  particuliily 
as  to  the  process  of  forcing.  Hence  it  is  that  we  always 
winter  our  stock  of  Strawberries  in  pots  in  their 
iiatural  quarters  cut-of-doors.  Our  method  of  pro- 
cedure is  as  follows  :— A  series  of  short  piles  about 
24  inches  long  are  driven  into  the  ground  (a  gravelled 
space  free  from  the  lodgment  of  water,  and  having 
a  south  or  west  aspect,  which  is  set  apart  for  this  and 
other  purposes),  to  which  three  6-inch  wide  straight- 
edged  boards  are  nailed,  the  size  and  number  of  frames 
thus  made  being  determined  by  the  number  of  plants  to 
be  wintered  therein.  A  little  sifted  coal-ashes  is 
then  spread  over  the  gravel  and  the  pots  plunged 
below  the  rims  closely  together  in  the  same  material, 
covering  the  surface  of  the  balls  of  earth  and  roots 
with  the  ashes  as  the  work  is  proceeded  with,  and  in 
the  event  of  severe  weather,  such  as  was  experienced 
during  the  preceding  winter,  they  are  slightly 
covered  with  some  dry  Bracken.  This,  however,  has 
been  removed  on  every  favourable  opportunity,  and 
vice  versd ;  and  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the 
whole — ashes,  pots,  and  soil  —  were  one  frozen 
miss  for  weeks  at  a  time,  we  found  very  few 
broken  pots — not  a  score  out  of  3000— by  the  action 
of  frost.  Readers  of  the  Gankners'  Chi-onicle,  who 
may  not  have  the  accommodation  indicated,  can, 
nevertheless,  winter  S'nwberry  plants  satisfactorily, 
by  placing  a  few  inches  thick  of  ashes  on  the  surface 
of  a  dry  border — that  is  to  say,  a  border  where  water 
will  not  lodge  at  anytime — and  plunging  the  pots  there- 
on in  the  manner  advised  above,  enclosing  the  whole 
by  a  bank  of  ashes  to  the  level  of  that  in  which  the  pots 
are  plunged  ;  and  where  there  is  any  difticulty  expe- 
rienced in  the  matter  of  dry  borders,  it  may  be 
removed  by  placing  on  the  latter  a  few  inches  thick 
of  clinkers,  &c.,  to  insure  drainage  before  plunging 
the  pots  in  the  way  recommended  above.  H.  U\ 
U'ard^  Lonqford  Castle, 


J4aRDY    "pRUIT    'C^ARDEJ^. 

PLANTING,  AND  SORTS  TO  PLANT. 
Pruning,  training,  and  planting,  will  now  consti- 
tute the  principal  work  in  this  department.  Many 
planters  of  hardy  fruit  trees  will  now  be  making  a 
choice  of  varieties,  and  selecting  their  trees.  Whilst 
the  latter  should  receive  careful  attention,  the  former 
subject — the  choice  of  varieties — is  undoubtedly  of  the 
greatest  importance.  It  is  interesting  to  have  a  good 
collection,  say,  for  instance,  of  Pears  or  Apples,  but 
the  novelty  of  cultivating  endless  varieties  soon  wears 
off,  and  one  often  wishes  the  numbers  were  reduced, 
retaining  the  best  and  longest  keepers.  Keeping 
quality  is  of  the  greatest  importance,  as  this  decides 
in  a  great  measure  the  intrinsic  value  of  the  fruit. 
How  many  grand  Pears,  for  instance,  come  in  season 
altogether,  and  possess  but  poor  keeping  qualities  ? — 
hence  the  major  part  of  them  is  wasted,  for  even  If  they 
could  be  sold,  buyers  would  be  scarce.  The  following 
varieties  of  Pears  and  Apples  are  amongst  the  best, 
and  will  come  into  use  in  succession,  and,  when  well 
grown,  will  meet  with  ready  purchasers,  and  will 
give  every  satisfaction  at  the  table  : — Souvenir  du 
Congtes,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Beurre  d'Amanlis, 
Napoleon  III.,  Windsor,  Beurre  Super6n,  Fondante 
d'Automne,  Beurre  Hardy,  Brown  Beurre,  Louise 
Bonne   of  Jersey,   Urbaniste,   Doyenne  du  Comice, 


Marie  Louise,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Thompson's 
Napoleon,  Glou  Mor9eau,  Beurr6  de  Jonghe,  Jose- 
phine de  Malines,  Beurre  Ranee,  Easter  Beurre, 
Olivier  de  Serres,  and  Van  de  Weyer  Bales. 

Struiiiig  Peats. — Catillac,  Leon  le  Clerc  de  Laval 
and  Uvedale's  S'.  Germain. 

Dessert  Al'files.  —  Irish  Peach,  Devonshire  Quar- 
renden,  Oilin,  Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Worcester 
Pearmain,  Kerry  Pippin,  Yellow  Ingestre,  American 
Mother,  Gravenstein,  Cornish  Aromatic,  Harvey's 
Wiltshire  Defiance,  Scarlet  Pearmain,  Cox's  Orange 
Pippin,  Blenheim  Orange,  Lady  Henniker,  King  of 
the  Pippins,  Court  of  Wick,  Mannington's  Pearmain, 
Ribston  Pippin,  Margil,  Claygate  Pearmain,  Cobham, 
Braddick's  Nonpareil,  Adam's  Pearmain,  Pitmaston 
Nonpareil,  Cornish  Gilliflower,  Court  Pendu  plat. 
Northern  Spy,  Cockle's  Pippin,  Nonpareil,  and 
Sturmer  Pippin. 

Culinary  Aftpks. — Lord  Suflield,  Stirling  Castle, 
Nelson's  Codlin,  Ecklinville,  Yorkshire  Beauty, 
Dumelow's  Seedling,  Warner's  King,  Tower  of 
Glamis,  Bess  Pool,  Alfriston,  Winter  Pearmain,  and 
Hambledon  Deux  Ans.  These  are,  without  doubt, 
twelve  of  the  best  all-round  culinary  Apples,  G.  H. 
Richards,  Sovierky^  Ringwood, 


ASPARAGUS    BEDS. 

These  should  now  be  cleaned  from  weeds  and  put 
in  order  for  the  winter,  first  removing  the  stems  of  the 
Asparagus  by  cutting  them  off  close  to  the  ground  ; 
the  soil  should  then  be  forked  off  low  enough  to 
expose  the  crowns  of  the  plants,  and  a  mulching  of 
thoroughly  rotten  manure,  to  which  salt  has  been 
added  at  the  rate  of  i  bushel  to  the  ton,  and  placed 
evenly  over  the  surface  to  the  depth  of  from  2  to 
3  inches,  afterwards  replacing  the  original  soil.  Each 
bed  should  be  accurately  defined  by  having  a  strong 
stake  driven  intothe  ground  at  all  the  corners,  and  from 
these  the  line  should  be  stretched  lengthways,  and 
the  sides,  having  been  previously  made  firm  and  even, 
chopped  down  with  the  spade,  the  alleys  raked,  and 
the  whole  left  smooth  and  even.  Plants  intended  to 
be  lifted  for  forcing  should  be  allowed  to  remain  as 
they  are,  simply  covering  the  ground  with  a  few 
inches  of  litter,  to  prevent  it  freezing.  A  pit  or  frame 
can  be  selected  and  prepared  for  forcing  the  above — 
one  with  sufficient  heating  capacity  to  maintain  a 
bottom-heat  of  So°  and  a  topheat  of  about  60*  will  be 
very  suitable  for  the  purpose ;  where  bottom-heat 
from  hot-water  pipes  is  not  available,  fermenting 
material — a  mixture  of  leaves  and  stable  litter — should 
be  prepared  for  the  purpose  beforehand.  In  preparing 
the  bed  for  the  reception  of  the  clumps  it  should,  if 
possible,  be  so  constructed  that  when  finally  planted 
and  finished  the  surface  of  the  soil  be  within  one  foot 
of  the  glass. 

Rhubarb  and  Seakale. 

Roots  of  these  should  be  lifted  and  started  fot 
the  earliest  supplies ;  a  steady  bottom-heat,  as  for 
Asparagus,  will  be  necessary,  all  light,  however,  in 
this  instance  being  excluded.  Where  a  portion  of  the 
Mushroom-house  can  be  devoted  to  this  purpose  no 
place  is  more  suitable.  Both  Rhubarb  and  Seakale 
can  be  planted  thickly  and  firmly  in  fine  soil,  suffi- 
cient to  cover  all  but  the  crowns,  and  if  the  soil  be  in 
a  proper  condition,  as  it  should  be — namely,  in  a 
moist  and  usable  state— no  water  will  be  required 
until  the  young  growths  have  started.  To  encourage 
and  promote  this  a  layer  of  from  6  to  8  inches  of  dry, 
sweet  leaves  should  be  placed  over  the  surface  of  the 
crowns,  and  afterwards  gradually  removed  at  discre- 
tion.   John  Austen,   Witley  Court  Gardens, 


Marigolds,— The  distribution  of  colour  in  these 
flowers  is  worthy  of  note.  In  most  forms  ray  and 
disc  are  alike  of  some  shade  of  yellow,  but  in 
some  the  central  disc  is  of  a  deep  purple,  contrasting 
well  with  the  yellow  rays.  In  the  ray- florets  the  ray 
is  really  composed  of  three  petals,  united,  as  may 
easily  be  seen,  by  looking  at  the  notches  at  the  ends. 
In  some  cases  the  marginal  portions  of  the  ray — that 
is,  the  two  outside  petals — are  deep  orange,  while  the 
central  one  is  light  yellow.  In  other  cases  the 
colouring  is  precisely  opposite.  In  a  third  set  of 
cases,  while  the  base  of  the  ray  is  light,  the  other,  or 
free  end,  is  deep  orange. 


S9^ 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886. 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Week. 


SHOWS,    Sec. 


TUESDAY, 
Nov.  9. 


THURSDAY, 
Nov.  II. 


FRIDAY, 
Nov.  12. 


MONDAY. 
Nov.  8. 


TUESDAY, 

Nov.  9. 


THURSDAY, 
Nov.  II. 


Surrey  Chrysanthemum  {two  days). 

Lambeth  do.  (three  days). 

Royal  Horticuhural  Society  ;  Meet- 
ings of  the  Scientific,  Fruit,  and 
Floral  Committees,  at  South  Ken- 
sington. 

Kingston  and  Surbiton  Chrysan- 
themum Society  (two  days). 

St.  Neots  (Hants)  do. 

Southampton  Horticultural  do. 
(two  days). 

National  Chrysanthemum  Society, 
at  the  Royal  Aquarium,  West- 
minster (two  days). 

Bath  Chrysanthemum  (two  days). 

Croydon  do.  (two  days). 

Richmond  (Surrey)  Horticultural 
Society  Chrysanthemum  Exhibi- 
tion (two  days). 

St.  Peter's,  Hammersmith,  do. 

Tunbridge  Wells  do.  (two  days). 

Portsmouth  do.  (two  days). 

Bury  and  West  Suffolk  do.  (two 
days). 

Huddersfieid  Chrysanthemum  (two 
days). 

Reading  do.  (two  days). 

Lewisham  and  District  do. 

Devon  and  E.xeter  do. 

Canterbury  Gardeners'  Society  do. 
(two  days). 

Cheshunt  do.  (two  days). 

SALES. 

■  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  &c. ,  at 

Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 

&  Morris'  Rooms. 
Clearance  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at 

Lambourne  End,   by    Protheroe 

&  Morris. 
'  Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  the  Mil- 
ford  Nurseries,  near  Godalming, 

by  Mr.  Stevens  (four  days). 
Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  the  Royal 

Ascot  Nursery,  by  Protheroe  & 

Morris  (two  days). 
'  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  &c. ,  at 

Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  &c.,  at 

Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Imported  and  Established 

Orchids,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale    of     Nursery    Stock,    at    the 

American      Nurseries,      Leyton- 

slone,     by    Protheroe    &    Morris 

(two  days). 
Sale  of  Dutch   Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 

&  Morris'  Rooms. 
"  Sale    of    Established    Orchids,    at 

Protheroe  &  Morns'  Rooms. 
Sale  of   Dutch   Bulbs,   at   Stevens' 

Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 

&  Morris'  Rooms. 


IN  announcing  the  decease,  on  the  29th  ult., 
of  the  author  of  a  History  of  English 
Gardening,  we  can  hardly  expect  to  evoke  more 
than  a  passing  feeling  of  sympathy  from  the 
majority  of  our  readers.  A  new  generation  has 
sprung  up  since  that  work  was  published  in 
1829.  The  book  itself  is  now  scarce,  and  is 
probably  only  known  to  a  few  students  and 
journalists.  Fewer  still  knew  or  realised  that 
the  author  was,  till  comparatively  lately,  the 
learned,  firm,  but  genial  co-editor  of  the  y^i /(■;■«(!/ 
of  Horticulture  and  the  founder,  in  1848,  of  the 
Cottage  Gardener.  This  was  the  humble  title  by 
which  the  now  well  known  Journal  via.s  originally 
designated.  Of  late  years,  more  particularly, 
Mr.  George  W.  Johnson  had,  by  reason  of 
deafness  and  increasing  infirmities,  withdrawn 
into  private  life.  He  was  seldom  seen  at  meet- 
ings or  societies,  and  in  iSSi  he  retired  alto- 
gether from  the  editorship  of  the  Journa', 
leaving  its  management  to  his  old  friend  and 
colleague,  Dr.  Hogg.  Under  the  circum- 
stances we  have  named,  it  is  a  simple  act  of 
justice  to  the  memory  of  a  laborious  and  con- 
scientious worker  to  recall  the  services  of  the 
veteran,  and  give  some  expression  to  the 
gratitude  which  he  has  so  amply  earned  at  the 
hands  of  his  successors. 

For  our  own  parts  the  History  of  Gardening 
fortns  the  special  thing  for  which  we  feel  under 
ftn  obligation  to  our  late  colleague.     'We  do  not, 


of  course,  overlook  his  many  other  services 
to  horticultural  literature,  his  researches  in 
chemistry,  and  their  application  to  practical 
purposes  ;  his  Dictionary  of  Gardening,  his 
charming  biographical  notices  of  horticultural 
worthies  of  the  past  which  from  time  to  time 
appeared  in  the  Journal ;  but  all  of  these, 
however  well  suited  for  their  immediate  pur- 
poses, were  nevertheless  ephemeral  in  their 
character.  Not  so  with  the  History  of  Gar- 
dening. That  is  a  book  of  permanent  value, 
as  is  evidenced  by  the  frequency  with  which  we 
are  obliged  to  have  recourse  to  it.  "  To  the 
general  reader,"  says  the  author  in  his  preface, 
"  this  work  offers  entertainment  from  its  his- 
torical details  ;  to  the  man  of  literature  it 
affords  notices  of  the  authors  on  gardening, 
with  statements  of  their  various  works  and 
their  editions  ;  to  the  gardener,  all  of  its  con- 
tents possess  some  degree  of  interest,  for  besides 
being  a  record  of  his  art  in  every  age  of  which 
we  have  any  history,  it  may  serve  as  a  guide 
to  such  authors  as  contain  information  on  sub- 
jects relating  to  it,  of  which  he  may  be  in 
search." 

The  great  value  of  the  book  from  an  his- 
torical point  of  view  as  supplying  details, 
not  only  of  the  literature  of  gardening,  but  of 
the  introduction  of  various  flowers,  fruits  and 
vegetables,  here  so  lightly  touched  on,  renders 
it  incumbent  on  others  to  say  for  hiin  what  the 
author  could  not  say  of  himself.  "  The  chief 
qualifications,"  he  continues,  "required  of  the 
author  were  diligence  and  care,"  and  these 
undoubtedly  must  have  been  freely  e.xercised. 
But  more  than  these — appreciation  and  judg- 
ment— were  necessary.  Diligence  and  care  are 
not  uncommon  qualities  :  hard  workers  are  not 
rarities.  The  higher  qualities  of  discrimina- 
tion and  proportion  are  much  more 
rare,  but  they  were  not  wanting  to  the  author 
of  the  book  we  mention.  Mr.  Johnson's  book 
deals  with  the  progress  of  horticulture  from 
the  earliest  beginning  up  to  the  time  of 
Knight  and  Davy.  Any  one  who  would 
bring  out  a  new  edition  of  this  useful  book 
and  take  up  the  thread  where  Johnson  left 
it  would  not  only  be  rearing  a  monument  to 
the  original  author,  but  doing  a  work  of  great 
public  utility. 

For  the  details  which  follow  we  are  indebted 
to  the  courtesy  of  the  Editor  of  the  Journal  of 
Horticulture.  GEORGE  WILLIAM  JOHNSON 
was  born  on  November  5,  1802,  at  Blackheath. 
Together  with  his  elder  brother,  CUTHliERT, 
well  known  as  a  writer  on  agricultural  subjects, 
George  devoted  his  attention  to  chemistry, 
and  its  practical  application  to  agricultural  pur- 
poses. Their  father's  salt  works  at  Heybridge 
in  Essex  supplied  both  the  incentive  to  research 
and  the  means  for  carrying  it  out.  As  early  as 
1S26  Mr.  Johnson  began  to  write  for  the  hor- 
ticultural Press,  and  to  Loudon's  Gardeners' 
Magazine  he,  in  1827,  contributed  a  series  of 
papers  on  chemistry  as  applied  to  horticulture. 
Other  literary  work  followed  during  the  time  the 
author  was  reading  for  the  bar.  After  being 
"called"  at  Gray's  Inn  he  proceeded  to  India, 
became  a  Professor  in  the  Hindoo  College  of 
Calcutta.  Here  he  did  much  journalistic  work, 
including  the  editorship  of  the  Government 
Guselte. 

Mr.  Johnson,  however,  only  resided  in  India 
for  a  few  years,  and  on  his  return  to  this 
country  again  turned  his  attention  to  gar- 
dening pursuits  and  horticultural  literature.  In 
1 848  he  founded  the  Cottage  Gardener,  as  above 
stated,  and  in  185 1  he  became  associated  as 
Editor  and  proprietor  with  Dr.  HoGG,  and  the 
friendship  and  conjoint  labours  of  these  two 
men  was,  to  those  who  knew  the  circumstances, 
one  of  the  pleasantest  episodes  of  the  journalism 
of  our  time. 

After  eighty-four  years  of  life,  the  long  work- 
ing period  of  which  was  so  usefully  and  so 
honourably  filled,  GEORGE  WILLIAM  Johnson 


was  laid  to  his  rest  in  the  burial  ground  of  St. 
Peter's,  Croydon,  on  Thursday  last. 


For  the  next  few  weeks  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum growers  will  have  it  all  their  own  way,  and 
the  Chrysanthemum  exhibitors  will  be  fired  with 
zeal,  to  which  there  is  nothing  comparable  save 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  Rose  exhibitors.  The 
Chrysanthemum  lovers  have  ample  ground  for 
the  faith  that  is  in  them.  The  range  of  colour 
is  almost  as  great  as  in  the  case  of  the 
Dahlia,  while  the  form  (except  in  the  incurved 
varieties)  is  much  more  beautiful  and  much 
more  varied.  The  foliage  is  good  also  ;  but  the 
special  virtue  is  the  production  of  flower  in 
these  dull  November  days,  and  the  prolonga- 
tion of  the  flowering  by  means  of  the  showy 
Japanese  varieties  all  through  the  winter. 
Chrysanthemums  now-a-days  may  be  had  for 
half  the  year  or  more,  and  there  is  already  a 
multitudinous  race  of  summer-floweringvarieties 
which,  pretty  as  they  are  seem,  so  much  sur- 
plusage. Indeed,  the  Chrysanthemum  more 
than  most  flowers  offers  an  example  of  what. 
Nature  giving  the  lead,  the  gardeners  can  do 
in  altering  the  character  of  flowers.  It  is  not 
only  that  there  are  early  varieties  and  late 
varieties,  flowers  of  almost  all  hues  except  blue, 
but  the  whole  shape  and  construction  of  the 
flower  is  altered.  Flat  rays  give  place  to  quills, 
and  these  to  the  extravagant  shapes  of  the 
Dragon  varieties  and  of  those  wherein  it  is 
hardly  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  flower  is 
turned  inside  out. 

Again,  they  are  the  flowers  of  the  million  ; 
they  can  be  grown  cheaply  and  well  in  the  most 
unfavourable  surroundings.  The  London  sub- 
urbs have  been  famous  for  them  for  years,  and 
even  the  benchers  of  the  Temple  relieve  the 
tedium  of  dry  law  by  the  refreshing  brilliancy  of 
the  Chrysanthemum.  The  Chrysanthemum 
fairly  deserves  its  popularity  ;  notices  of  some 
fifty  Chrysanthemum  shows  lie  on  our  table,  and 
these  do  not  exhaust  the  list.  Ealing  and 
Highgate  lead  oft,  while,  mindful  of  the  proverb, 
carfie  diem — seize  the  opportunity  — Mr.  MOLV- 
NEU.x  has  reprinted  his  useful  series  of  pipers 
on  the  cultivation  of  the  Chrysanthemum,  and 
to  which  we  must  allude  at  greater  length  on 
another  occasion. 


Horticultural   Co.s'gkess   in    Paris. — 

la  May,  18S7,  a  Congress  will  be  held  in  Paris  in 
connection  with  the  Spring  Exhibion  of  the  National 
Horticultural  Society  of  France. 

The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent 

Institution.— Mr.  Cutler,  the  Secretary  of  the 
above,  desires  to  remind  holders  of  collecting  cards 
that  the  latter  are  due  from  them  at  a  date  not  later 
than  November  30. 

The    Vintage.  —  From    advices   from   the 

Burgundy  district  we  learn  that  the  vintage,  though 
deficient  in  quantity,  is  excellent  in  quality, 

Illustrations    of  British  Fungi.— Dr. 

Cooke's  useful  series  of  coloured  illustrations,  pub- 
lished by  Williams  &  Norgate,  has  now  reached 
its   forly-fcuith  number  and  its  700th  plate. 

Seed  Drills. — There  is  to  be  an  inter- 
national competition  of  sowing-machines  (not  sewing 
machines)  at  Foggia,  Italy,  during  the  present  month. 

A    Benevolent    Show. — The  display  of 

Chrysanthemums  at  Devonburst,  Cbiswick,  has 
been  opened  to  the  public  for  the  benefit  of  a  district 
ragged  school.  This  example,  set  by  E.  H.  Watts, 
Esq.,  is  one  that  is  worthy  of  imitation.  There  are 
many  establishments  in  all  parts  of  the  country  which 
could  be  advantageously  used  for  similar  purposes. 

Planting    Fruit    Trees    in    Towns. — 

Belgian  papers  inform  us  that  the  authorities  of  the 
town  of  Ypres  have  planted  fruit  trees  along  the  pro- 
menades.    In  this  way  about  600  Walnut  trees  have 


November  6,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


593 


been  planted  along  Ihe  boulevards.  The  trees  have 
prospered,  and  not  only  afford  grateful  shade,  but 
produce  a  revenue  which,  in  the  present  year,  has 
amounted  to  900  francs.  The  good  burghers  of  Ypres 
can  afford  to  let  the  boys  indulge  their  natural 
proclivities. 

The   Lago    Maggiore.  —  We  understand 

that  the  beautiful  estate  of  Prince  Troubetzkoy, 
at  Intra,  near  Pallanza,  some  twenty  hours  fro^n  Paris, 
and  two  from  Milan,  is  for  immediate  sale.  An 
account  of  the  Prince's  garden,  with  illustrations,  was 
given  in  our  columns  in  1874  and  again  fn  1S77.  Apart 
from  the  singular  beauty  of  the  site  these  gardens 
have  gained  great  reputation  from  the  numerous  ex- 
periments in  introducing  new  and  valuable  plants 
made  by  the  proprietor,  especially  Eucalypts,  includ- 
ing A.  amygdalina,  specimens  of  which,  sown  in 
1870,  have  now  attained  a  height  of  25  metres,  and  a 
circumference  of  2^  metres.    The  garden,  which  com- 


bility  of  consulting  the  authentic  specimens.  The 
removal  of  the  herbarium  to  Paris  will  obviate  this 
difficulty. 

Hair  or  No  Hair.— In  a  recent  issue  we 

had  occasion  to  menciun  the  curious  case  of  the 
Greyia,  some  of  the  leaves  of  which  are  glabrous, 
others  hairy  on  the  same  shoot,  Almost  equally 
marked  is  the  prevalence  of  the  downy  variety  of 
the  common  Ling,  Calluna  vulgaris,  growing  side  by 
side  with  the  common  form,  as  on  the  Surrey  heaths, 
where  the  conditions  are  the  same  for  both. 

Copper  in  Wine.— The  treatment  of  mil- 
dew in  Vines  by  means  of  a  solution  of  sulphate  of 
copper,  which  has  been  adopted  so  successfully  in 
France,  has  raised  some  doubts  as  to  the  wholesome- 
ness  of  the  wine  made  from  Grapes  so  treated.  In 
consequence,  says  the  Vigne  Americaine,  M.  Massol, 
of    the    School   of    Pharmacy  of    Montpelier,   has 


Colombian  bark.  In  1881  the  value  of  the  bark 
exported  was  about  5,000,000  dollars.  It  is  estimated 
that  since  1S81  not  half  the  quantity  exported  in  that 
year  has  been  shipped  yearly. 

The   Philosophy   of   Vine  Pruning. — 

The  production  of  grains  of  starch  in  the  chlorophyll 
of  the  leaves  when  exposed  to  the  sun  is  a  well- 
established  fact.  This  starch  is  subsequently  dis- 
solved, converted  into  sugar  and  other  substances  fit 
for  the  food  of  plants,  and  transmitted  to  the  growing 
points  or  to  the  store-places,  where  it  is  again  con- 
verted into  starch.  The  production  of  starch  in 
leaves  is  shown  by  immersing  the  leaves  in  boiling 
water,  to  which  a  little  potash  is  added,  and  then 
plunging  them  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour  in  hot 
alcohol.  The  leaves  are  by  these  means  deprived  of 
their  green  colour,  and  the  starch  in  them  is  now 
easily  rendered  visible  by  the  addition  of  tincture  of 
iodine.     By  covering  one-half  of  the  leaf  with  some 


s.; '"   *'"^*™ 


'Jilf/         fcwi 


In. 


primula     HIRSUTA    ALLIONI  :      FLOWERS     ROSE-PINK. 

(Fiom  a  coloured  figure  of  H.  Sendtner's  of  Munich.) 


(SEE    P.     595.) 


maods  on  one  side  a  view  of  the  Simplon,  and  on  the 
other  of  the  lake,  occupies  the  side  of  a  hill  sloping  to 
the  lake,  the  foreshore  of  which,  for  560  metres, 
belongs  to  the  property,  and  is  well  adapted  for 
numerous  villa  residences,  hotels,  &c.,  though  for 
our  own  parts  we  should  greatly  prefer  that  the 
garden  be  kept  for  its  present  purposes  and  not 
defaced  by  bricks  and  mortar.  At  present  there  are 
two  or  three  elegant  and  well  appointed  Swiss  chalets 
on  the  property.  The  climate  is  nearly  as  mild  as 
that  of  Nice  in  winter,  while  in  summer  it  is  fresh 
and  cool. 

Lamarck's    Herbarium. —  We   learn   from 

Nature  that  the  authorities  at  the  Jardin  des  Plantes 
have  purchased  from  the  University  of  Rostock  the 
herbarium  of  Lamarck,  which  belonged  to  the  late 
Professor  Rceper.  At  Rostock  this  herbarium  has 
been,  as  it  were,  lost  to  science,  which  was  the  more 
to  be  regretted  as  Lamarck  was,  in  many  ways,  the 
predecessor  of  Darwin,  while  the  determination  of 
the  species  described  by  him  in  the  EncyclopMie 
Melhodique  was  rendered  difficult  from  the  impossi- 


analysed  several  samples  of  the  wine,  which  he  finds 
entirely  free  from  copper.  Traces  of  this  metal  were, 
however,  found  in  the  "marc,"  or  pressed  skins  from 
which  vinegar  is  made,  and  similar  traces  in  the 
vinegar  itself. 

Capers. — Apropos  of  Capers  figured  in  the 

last  issue  of  the  Ganicncrs^  Chronicle,  a  good  story  has 
been  latterly  put  in  circulation  to  the  effect  that  some 
emigrant  passengers  from  the  Emerald  Isle  complained 
to  the  captain  on  the  hardship  inflicted  on  them  by 
having  served  up  with  their  boiled  mutton  what  they 
termed  "sour  pase." 

Cinchona    Barks    in    Colombia. — In    a 

recently  issued  report  on  the  trade  of  Colombia,  the 
Consul  states  with  a  view  of  illustrating  the  alarming 
depression  of  the  export  trade  of-  Colombia,  that  the 
exportation  of  Quina  bark,  which  was  the  staple 
article  of  Colombia,  has  greatly  diminished  in  conse- 
quence of  the  competition  of  the  Indian  and  Ceylonese 
growers,  who  produce  an  article  which  yields  a  far 
larger  percentage  of  quinine  than  is  obtained  from  the 


opaque  substance,  leaving  the  other  half  exposed  to 
the  sun,  starch  may  be  detected  in  the  uncovered 
half,  while  none  is  to  be  found  in  that  which 
has  been  shielded  from  the  sun's  rays.  Signer 
CUEONI,  who  has  made  numerous  experiments 
on  the  Vine,  says  that  this  production  of  starch 
increases  gradually  from  the  leaves  at  the  base  of  a 
young  shoot  tu  the  middle,  and  as  gradually  diminishes 
from  the  middle  towards  the  point,  starch  being 
absent  from  the  very  young  leaves  near  the  apex. 
These  facts  supply  a  reason  for  pruning,  for  the 
young  leaves  above  the  flower  bunches,  not  producing 
starch,  but  on  the  contrary  consuming  it,  in  so  far 
deprive  the  berries  of  their  sugar. 

ToMATOS  AND  ViNES.— If  science   has   its 

marvels  which,  however  well  attested,  often  fail  to 
convince,  certainly  ne-science  has  sometimes  even 
greater  marvels,  which  nevertheless  are  accepted  as 
gospel  by  some  folk.  At  one  time,  year  after  year, 
we  received  from  a  correspondent  leaves  of  Violets 
affected  with  a  fungus  (Puccinia  viols).  The  leaves 
thus  had  a  superficial  resemblance  to  those  of  a  Fern 


594 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NovEMHER  6,  iS86. 


studded  with  sporC'Cases,  and  as  (he  Violets  grew 
benealh  the  shade  of  some  Ferns  was  not  that  proof 
positive  that  a  cross  had  been  effected  between  the 
Fern  and  the  Violet?  It  was  no  use  appealing  to 
structural  and  physiological  reasons  why  such  a  cross 
could  not  be.  Nothing  could  shake  our  corre- 
spondent's faith,  and  year  after  year,  with  an  expres- 
sion of  surprise  and  pity  at  our  incredulity,  the  speci- 
mens were  sent.  As  we  write  a  multiple  Grape 
berry  is  before  us  such  as  often  occurs  at  the  end  of 
the  bunch,  when  two  or  three  Grapes,  from  union  in 
a  very  early  stage  of  development,  run  together  into 
a  mass  lobed  like  a  Tomato.  Now,  as  Tomatos  grew 
in  the  house,  what  more  natural  (?)  than  to  infer  that 
here  we  have  a  cross  between  a  Tomato  and  a  Vine? 
It  would  not  be  so  unlikely  as  a  cross  between  a  Fern 
and  a  Violet,  nevertheless  we  should  be  as  incredulous 
in  (he  one  case  as  in  the  other. 

THUiorsis   DOLABRATA.— It    is    interesting 

to  see  in  nurseries  the  variations  in  colour  of  this 
hardy  shrub.  Some  retain  their  green  colour  through- 
out the  year,  while  others  assume  a  rich  brown  tinge 
like  some  of  the  Thuias. 

Royal  Microscopical  Society.— The  next 

meeting  of  this  Society  will  be  held  on  Wednesday, 
the  loth  inst.,  at  8  o'clock  precisely,  when  the 
following  papers  will  be  read  :— Mr.  S.  O.  Ridley — 
"Classification  and  Spiculation  of  the  Monaxonid 
Sponges  of  the  Challenger;"  Mr,  A.  Dendy — 
*'  Anatomy  and  Physiology  of  the  Monaxonid  Sponge 
of  the  Chalkntier  ;"  Dr.  ChOOKshank — "  On  the 
Suira  Parasite." 

Ramie    Fibre    in     Stain.— Mr.    Consul 

WOOLDRIDGE,  reporting  from  Barcelona,  refers  to 
the  opening  in  August  last,  near  Gerona,  of  a  manu- 
factory, the  first  of  its  kind  in  Spain,  for  cutting  and 
separating  the  fibres  of  the  Ramie,  or  Cunia-grass  plant 
(Bcehmeria  nivea).  This  establishment  is  described 
as  the  property  of  a  French  company,  styling  itself 
the  "  Compagnie  Ramie  Fran9aise."  This  plant  was 
introduced  into  the  country  as  far  back  as  1870, 
and  its  cultivation  proving  a  success,  the  above  manu- 
factory has  been  erected.  There  are  three  machines 
at  present,  of  French  manufacture,  at  work,  which 
decorticate  some  450  kilos  of  fibre  per  day,  and 
the  thread  is  said  to  be  much  cheaper,  finer,  and 
stronger  than  either  hemp  or  jute,  and  produces  a 
rich,  glossy  textile,  and  the  refuse  is  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  paper. 

Seeds,  &c.  :  Edinburgh  International 

Exhibition. — Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  of  Read- 
ing, have  received  the  award  of  a  Gold  Medal  for 
their  line  display  of  seeds,  grasses,  models,  &c  ,  at 
this  Exhibition. 

Packing  Pears.— The  French,  who  export 

more  Pears  than  any  other  nation,  cover  the  inside  of 
the  boxes  with  spongy  paper  or  dry  moss,  which 
absorbs  the  moisture.  Each  Pear  is  then  wrapped  in 
soft  paper,  and  placed  in  layers  in  the  boxes,  the 
largest  and  least  mature  in  the  bottom,  filling  all 
interstices  with  the  dry  moss.  Thus,  they  will  keep 
a  month  or  more.  They  .-ire  so  closely  packed  that 
though  they  cannot  touch  each  other,  all  motion  is 
prevented.     If  one  decays  the  others  are  not  harmed. 

Peppermint  Culture  in  Japan. — As  an 

indication  of  the  increased  demand  for  Menthol  in 
Europe  the  following  extract  from  Consul  Robert- 
son's report  on  the  trade  of  Kanagawa  for  the  year 
1885  will  no  doubt  be  read  with  interest  :— "  Pepper- 
mint oil  has  been  an  article  that  has  attracted  much 
attention  in  the  past  year  because  of  its  increasing  im- 
portance as  an  article  of  export.  The  production  has 
been  steadily  increasing  for  the  past  three  years,  and 
the  latest  crop  has  greatly  exceeded  those  of  previous 
years.  This  is  principally  due  to  the  demand  for 
crystals,  a  product  of  the  liquid  oil,  and  which  are 
now  largely  used  in  pharmacy  as  a  specific  for 
neuralgia  and  other  complaints.  Japanese  Pepper- 
mint oil  is  distilled  from  a  species  of  Mint  (Mentha 
arvensis)  cultivated  largely  in  the  northern  portion  of 
the  main  island  of  Japan.  Like  the  English  Mint 
(Mentha  piperita)  there  are  several  varieties  of  the 
Japanese  plant,  one  only  of  which  produces  an 
article  of  good  quality.  The  sudden  and  increased 
demand  from  abroad  for  the  Peppermint  crystals  has 
led  to  new  plantations  being  formed,  and  these  have, 
I  am    told,   been   for  the  most  part   laid   out   with 


inferior  plants.  The  produce  of  these  new  planta- 
tions has  been  sold  at  very  low  prices,  and  the  oil 
thus  obtained  is  not  likely  to  be  of  good  quality.  If 
this  is  sent  to  a  foreign  market  it  will,  perhaps,  cause 
the  Japan  oil  to  be  regarded  with  less  favour,  and  thus 
damage  the  prospect  of  an  otherwise  promising 
export."  Some  blundering  seems  to  have  been  made 
in  printing  this  report  which  it  would  be  well  for  the 
authorities  carefully  to  look  after  in  future.  Though 
the  report  is  issued  under  the  authority  of  the 
Foreign  Office,  and  is  "printed  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Her  Majesty's  Stationery  Office,"  and  is 
dated  "Kanagawa,  May  28,  1SS6,"  and  further  bears 
the  word  Japan  on  its  title-page,  the  beading  of 
every  alternate  page  is  "China,  Kanagawa."  Some 
one,  therefore,  whose  duty  it  is  to  look  after  these 
things  has  apparently  a  hazy  notion  as  to  the  country 
to  which  Kanagawa  belongs. 

The  Corsican  Pine.— Mr.  E.  M.  Arch- 
dale,  Crock-na-Crieve,  Billinamallard,  says,  in  the 
Irish  Farm,  Forest,  and  Garden  as  follows  :— "As  the 
planting  season  is  now  near  at  hand,  I  would  warn  any  of 
your  readers  against  planting  Corsican  Pine  (Laricio), 
under  the  impression  that  rabbits  will  not  touch  it. 
For  the  last  three  years  I  have  f  lanted  it,  getting  it 
from  different  seedsmen  each  time,  and  it  has  always 
been  the  first  attacked  by  rabbits,  who  seem  to  prefer 
it  even  to  the  Ash." 

Fruit  Label  Holders.— At  South  Ken- 
sington on  October  20  several  of  the  Canadian  fruit 
exhibitors  made  to  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
through  the  Fruit  Committee,  a  present  of  several 
hundreds  of  stout  wire  label  holders  for  dishes  of 
fruit  or  other  things  needing  names  on  show  tables. 
Like  so  many  Transatlantic  "  notions  "  these  holders 
are  very  diverse  from  ours.  Each  one  has  a  base  formed 
of  a  ring  of  wire  to  stand  in  the  plate,  and  from  the 
centre  rises  a  single  stem  some  10  inches  high  having 
upon  the  top  a  spring  holder  for  the  name  card  erect, 
and  another  to  grip  the  prize  card,  if  any,  hanging 
beneath.  The  arrangement  is  an  admirable  one. 
The  present  was  cordially  accepted  by  the  committee. 

Manuring    Cinchonas. — It  has  been  a 

question  whether  the  application  of  manure  would 
increase  the  yield  of  quinine  in  the  bark.  According 
to  the  Government  quinologist  at  Madras  this  question 
is  now  settled.  Comparative  experiments  show  a  gain 
of  from  20 — 50  per  cent,  in  favour  of  manured  trees. 
Moreover,  the  increased  yield  more  than  covers  the 
cost  of  the  manure,  so  that  the  process  is  not  only 
physiologically  but  commercially  profitable. 

-  Mahogany  in  India.— The  success  that  has 
attended  the  raising  of  Mahogany  plants  from  the  last 
consignment  of  seeds  sent  out  by  the  Kew  authorities 
shows  that  some  other  and  better  method  was  adopted 
in  packing  and  sending  out  the  seeds,  which,  Mr. 
Lawson  says,  "arrived  in  magnificent  order."  It 
would  have  been  useful  to  have  given  publicity  to  the 
system  of  packing.  The  seeds  were  distributed  chiefly 
to  the  Forest  Department  and  to  the  local  Agri- 
Horticultural  Society.  "Almost  every  seed  ger- 
minated," says  Mr.  L^wsON,  "  and  tens  of  thousands 
of  plants  must  have  been  raised.  From  a  single  pound 
of  seed  sown  in  the  greenhouses  at  Ootacamund, 
between  3000  and  4000  plants  were  obtained."  This 
is  very  gratifying,  and  efforts  ought  to  be  made  to 
distribute  the  plants  widely  for  trial  in  all  parts  of  the 
country  suited  to  the  growth  of  Mahogany. 

Alcohol  from  the  Prickly  Pear.— Don 

Fernando  de  la  Camara,  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Natural  and  Physical  science  at  Malaga,  has  been 
experimenting  for  over  a  period  of  twelve  years  with 
this  phnt  (Opuntia  vulgaris),  and  has  at  length 
obtained  results  which  may  be  regarded  as  being 
satisfactory.  He  states,  in  rocky  ground  at  Malaga 
2600  Figs,  weighing  about  13  kilos,  are  an  average 
crop  on  10  square  metres,  and  the  proportion  of 
spirit  obtained  from  the  juice  amounts  to  about  S  per 
cent, 

London  Corn  Exchange. — A  Chrysanthe- 
mum show  was  held  at  the  Exchange  in  Mark  Lane, 
E.G.,  on  November  2  and  3,  in  aid  of  the  Benevolent 
Society  of  the  Exchange.  The  classes,  which  were  not 
very  numerous,  were  for  cut  blooms  only,  and  were 
restricted  to  bond  fide  amateurs  who  were  engaged  at 
work  in  London,  with  the  exception  of  that  for  twelve 
incurred  and  twelve  Japanese  blooms,  which  was  open. 


The  blooms  were  very  good,  and  reflected  great  credit 
on  the  competitors.  In  the  open  class  Mr.  J.  Bet- 
tesworlh,  gr.  to  R.  Ewing,  Esq.,  Barton  Grange, 
Cheshunt,  was  1st,  with  uniformly  good  blooms  ;  Mr. 
J.  P.  Kendal,  was  2d.  The  chief  prizetaker;  in  the 
other  classes  were  Messrs.  T.  W.  Jones,  G.  Limbert, 
O.  T.  Hodges,  J.  Spiers,  F.  Woodley,  John  Aste,  A. 
Macgetson,  and  J.  P.  Kendall.  A  collection  of  fine 
blooms  was  staged  by  Mr.  N.  Davis,  Lilford  Nur- 
series, Camberwell,  S.  K.,  this  was  very  fine  as  regards 
the  Japanese  varieties 

Tobacco    in    Loanda.— Referring    to    the 

cultivation  of  Tobacco  in  Loanda,  the  British  Consul 
reports  that  the  plants  are  carelessly  grown  and 
gathered  by  the  natives.  When  the  leaves  are 
sufficiently  matured  they  are  plucked  from  the  stem, 
tied  in  bunches,  and  hung  round  the  native  huts  to 
dry.  No  care  is  taken,  no  selection  made,  nor  is  any 
preparation  resorted  to  beyond  the  bunching  and 
drying. 

A  Trap  to  Catch  a  Drop  of  Water.— 

M.  Volkens  describes  a  remarkable  adaptation  of 
means  to  an  end  in  the  case  of  some  Egyptian  desert 
plants,  such  as  Reaumurea,  Tamarix,  &c.  In  these 
plants  a  number  of  glandular  hairs  are  produced  in 
little  basin-like  depressions  on  the  leaves.  These 
glandular  hairs  secrete  a  bitter  crystalline  substance, 
which  exudes  and  covers  the  whole  surface  of  the  lea'. 
During  the  night  this  saline  matter  attracts  the  dew 
and  moisture  from  the  atmosphere,  and  the  plant 
becomes  saturated  with  mciEture. 

LuFFAS  IN  Japan.— Reporting  on  the  trade 

and  commerce  of  Hiogo  for  the  year  1885,  Mr.  Consul 
Troup  says  : — "  A  new  article  of  miscellaneous  export 
has  lately  been  in  some  request — the  fibrous  part 
of  the  Snake  Gourd  —  called  by  the  Japanese 
'  Suchiraa,'  and  in  commerce  '  Luffra.'  Ordinarily 
exported  to  Europe  for  use  as  a  bath  rubber,  it  has,  I 
believe,  come  now  to  be  used  as  padding  in  the 
manufacture  of  Sola  hats.  It  is  used  by  the  Chinese 
as  padding  for  the  soles  of  shoes."  The  plant  here  re- 
ferred to  is  apparently  not  the  Snake  Gourd  as  under- 
stood by  Trichosanthes  anguioa,  but  is  the  Lutfi,  or 
Loofah  (Luffa  acutangula),  the  vascular  portion  of  the 
fruit  of  which  is  now  so  much  used  as  a  flesh  brush. 

Mrs.  Tohn  Lee. — The  numerous  friends  of 

Mr.  John  Lee  will  sympathise  with  him  in  the 
recent  death  of  his  wife,  who  died  at  Warwick  Road, 
Kensington,  on  Fridav,  October  29,  after  a  few  days' 
illness. 

Desert   Plants. — M.  Volkens  has  been 

studying  the  plants  of  the  Egyptian  desert,  and 
their  means  of  adapting  themselves  tn  the  very 
dry  climate.  One  of  the  principal  characteristics 
resides  in  the  great  length  of  their  roots,  which  in 
some  cases  are  twenty  times  longer  than  the  above- 
ground  parts.  The  leaves  of  a  Gourd  remain  fresh 
while  still  attached  to  the  plant  owing  to  this 
abundant  root-development,  but  if  a  leaf  be  removed 
from  the  plant  it  shrivels  in  a  few  minutes. 

Trentham    Gardens. — We    are  informed 

that  Mr.  Peter  Blair,  a  son  of  the  respected  gar- 
dener at  Shrubland  Park,  Ipswich,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  post  of  head  gardener,  rendered  vacant  by  the 
lamented  death  of  Mr.  Stevens.  During  the  illness 
of  the  latter  Mr.  Blair,  who  was  foreman  of  a 
department  at  Trentham,  had  the  general  superin- 
tendence of  the  gardens.  With  so  thorough  a  training 
in  horticultural  pursuits  as  would  almost  as  a  matter 
of  course  fall  to  the  lot  of  the  son  of  the  gardener  at 
Shrubland,  we  may  believe  that  the  gardens  at  Trent- 
ham will  be  maintained  at  their  present  high  state  of 
culture.  Mr.  Blair  had  the  great  misfortune  to 
1  the  loss  of  his  wife  quite  recently. 


Publications    Received.  —  The   Camera. 

No.  6.  (London  :  Wyman  &  Sons.  74,  76,  Great 
Queen  Street,  W.C.) — The  Coming  Deluge  of  RuS' 
sian  Petroleum.  By  C.  Marvin.  (London  :  R. 
Anderson  &  Co.,  14,  Cockspur  Street. )  —  t7;r;'joM- 
themums  and  their  Culture.  By  li.  Molyneux. 
(London:  171,  Fleet  Street,  E  C.)  — 77;tr  Forms  of 
Seedlings.  By  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.,  MP.,  &c.; 
also  The  Sympathetie  Nervous  System.  By  W.  H, 
Gaskell,  M.D.,  F.R.S.  (Royal  Institution  of  Great 
Britain.) 

Gardening  Appointments. — Mr.   R.   C. 

Williams,  Foreman  in  the  gardens  of  Howell 
GwvN,  Esq.,  The  Dulfryn,  Neath,  South  Wales,  has 
been  appointed  Head  G.irdener  to  the  Earl  of 
LiSBURNE,  Cross  Wood  Park,  Abyrstwith. 


November  6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


595 


PRIMULA     HIRSUTA    ALLIONI. 

The  Primrose  of  which  we  give  an  illustration  is 
undoubtedly  amongst  the  most  charming  of  out 
spring  alpine  'dowers  for  rockery  decoration.  It  is 
considered  by  most  botanists  in  this  country,  if  not 
synonymous,  as  a  mere  variety  only  of  P.  viscosa, 
which  is  also  made  to  include  P.  villosa,  P.  commu- 
lata,  P.  latifolia,  P.  decora,  P.  pedemontana,  and  a 
host  of  others,  no  less  beautiful  and  useful  in  the  way 
indicated  above.  The  Continental  botanists,  how- 
ever, many  of  whom  have  studied  these  plants  both 
growing  wild  and  under  cultivation,  prefer  keeping 
them  distinct,  having  a  separate  place  for  P.  hirsuta, 
P.  villosa,  P.  ciliala,  and  all  the  others  above 
enumerated  ;  none  of  them  seem  to  agree  with  our 
lumping  system,  and  it  is  doubtful  whether,  in  a 
genus  like  that  of  Primulas,  where  the  charac- 
ters of  the  European  kinds  (excepting  Primu- 
laslrums)  are  so  constant,  the  separation  policy 
may  not,  after  all,  turn  out  to  be  the  best  ;  at 
any  rale,  our  nurserymen  do  not  seem  in  a  hurry  to 
leave  oiT  following  Continental  nomenclature.  All 
the  Primroses  of  the  Erythrodosum  type,  to  which  the 
illustration  (fig.  1 16,  p.  593)  belongs,  are  comparatively 
easy  to  grow  out-of-doors  with  us— indeed,  the  finest 
plant  of  P.  viscosa  we  have  ever  seen  was  growing 
in  a  little  rockery  with  a  northeastern  aspect  in  a 
small  suburban  garden,  black  with  soot,  for  which 
the  glandular-tipped  hairs  have  a  great  attraction  ; 
thriving  it  was,  however,  and  carrying  hal'-a-dozen 
beads  of  its  pretty  purple  blooms. 

The  difficulty  of  procuring  a  cool  position  is  not 
easily  overcome  by  Southern  growers  ;  a  little  expe- 
rience, however,  will  soon  remove  this,  ai,d  with  the 
impetus  given  by  the  late  Conference,  we  shall  soon 
not  have  to  go  as  far  as  the  Tyrol  to  see  alpine  Prim- 
roses at  their  best.  The  soil  should  be  free,  well 
mixed  with  stones,  and  the  drainage  perfect.  Most 
of  them  are  very  impatient  of  stagnant  water,  hence 
the  necessity  of  growing  them,  wherever  possible,  on 
slopes,  or  almost  perpendicular  rockwork.  P.  hirsuta 
is  a  native  of  Eastern  Switzerland  and  the  Tyrol,  at 
elevations  of  6500  feet  above  sea-level.  The  flowers 
are  the  largest  and  brightest  of  this  set— lilac  with  a 
greyish-while  centre,  flowering  Ireely  from  April  to 
June,  recognised  from  other  viscosas  by  its  more 
deeply  serrate  and  downy  leaves,  and  longer  petioles. 
D. 


\\t    lutmig. 


THE  CANADIAN  HONEY  SHOW. 
As  I  have  paid  a  special  visit  to  the  above  show, 
and  spent  some  time  looking  over  everything  there,  I 
though  that  perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of  the  Gai- 
dcncrs'  Chrcnick  would  like  to  know  my  opinion 
about  a  few  things  I  saw  there.  The  Canadians  have 
sent  over  to  this  country  about  40  tons  of  honey, 
gathered  during  the  present  year.  The  honey  is  of  very 
good  qualiiy.  I  do  not  say  it  is  better  than  ours,  nor 
do  I  think  so,  I  ut  there  are  many  things  about  the 
show  from  which  we  can  learn  much.  One  thing 
seems  to  be  certain,  and  that  is,  there  will  shortly  be 
a  revolution  in  the  sizes  of  sections.  On  entering 
the  show  I  was  struck  at  once  with  the  narrowness  of 
the  sections,  and  the  beautiful  way  the  bees  had 
flnished  all  off.  In  many  cases  the  honeycomb  was 
as  flat  as  a  marble  slab  and  finished  off  completelj', 
thai  is,  with  no  popholes.  Mr.  S.  Cornell,  from 
Canada,  explained  to  me  how  these  results  were 
obtained.  First,  they  make  their  sections  only  ij 
inch  wide,  instead  of  2  inches  as  in  our  country, 
Ttie  result  is  that  the  bees  make  the  comb  exactly  as 
wide  as  the  s  ections.  As  near  as  possible  the  size  of 
their  sections  is  4i  x  35  x  1 J  inch.  These  hold,  I 
believe  about  half  a  pound.  Now  there  are  lots  of 
people  who  would  buy  a  pretty  little  half-pound  box 
(or  sixpence  who  would  not  spend  a  shilling  on  a 
pound.  By  numerous  experiments  Mr.  D.  A.  Jones, 
of  Canada,  has  proved  that  bees  enter  the  narrow 
sections  with  more  readiness  than  the  wide  ones. 
This  seems  likely  to  be  the  case,  for  bees,  when  left 
to  themselves,  make  their  combs  the  same  width  that 
our  cousins  make  their  sections.  Mr.  Jones  says  he 
can  get  more  honey  from  the  narrow  sections  than 
from  any  other,  and,  as  our  Mr.  Cowan  says,  it  would 
require  a  brave  man  to  differ  from  Mr.  Jones.     This, 


then,  is  a  matter  for  serious  consideration,  and  now 
is  the  time  to  consider  it,  and  make  any  alteration 
while  the  bees  are  at  rest.  Mr.  Cornell  also  put  me 
up  to  a  wrinkle  in  the  matter  of  fixing  foundation  in 
sections.  He  puts  a  piece  of  foundation  at  the  top 
and  the  bottom  of  the  section.  The  pieces  do  not 
quite  meet  in  the  middle,  but  fill  every  corner  of  the 
section.  When  the  bees  have  completed  just  past  the 
middle  the  section  crate  is  reversed,  and  the  remainder 
of  the  business  is  completed  wiih  incredible  speed. 
Mr.  Cornell  uses  queen-excluder  zinc  between  the 
frames  and  the  crate,  but  this  is  not  geneiatly  done 
in  our  country  now.  I  could  have  said  much  more 
about  the  show  had  I  space,  but  I  have  touched  on  a 
few    of    the    most    salient    points.     Waller    Chilly, 

Note  on  some  Bees  and  the  Flowers  ok 
Snapdragons. 

Having  this  year  a  great  quantity  of  Antirrhinum 
majus  growing  together,  I  have  made,  during  the 
month  of  August,  many  and  continuous  observations 
of  the  behaviour  of  some  kinds  of  bees  with  the 
flowers,  which  in  the  main  corroborate  those  of  the 
lite  Mr.  E.  Newman,  communicated  to  the  Ento- 
mological Society  (Prorecditiiis,  1850,  p.  36).  He 
enumerates  four  kinds,  but  names  only  one  (No.  i), 

designating   the    others    as    "  Bombus ?"    with 

numbers  2  to  4  ;  these  numbers  I  adopt  here,  assum- 
ing from  the  identity  of  proceeding  in  the  bees  I  have 
seen  with  that  recorded  by  Mr.  Newman  that  the 
kinds  are  the  same  ;  the  specific  names  of  these,  and 
also  of  Nos.  5  to  7,  have  been  kindly  furnished  by 
Mr.  Edward  Saunders  from  individuals  taken  in  the 
acts  mentioned. 

No.  I,  Mc!^achik  centiinculans. — This  I  have  not 
seen  ;  it  is  said  to  enter  the  flowers  back  downwards. 

No.  2.  Bombus  Derhamclius,  J  . — This  invariably 
enters  the  flowers  back  upwards,  going  in  so  com- 
pletely as  to  be  entirely  hidden,  and  no  entomological 
Dogberry  on  day  duty  would  suspect  its  presence. 
However,  it  soon  comes  out,  its  thorax  striped  with 
yellow  pollen  from  the  anthers,  which  it  at  once 
carries  to  fertilise  another  tlower,  and  so  on  again  and 
again.  "  Sic  ros  non  vobis  "  may  well  be  said  of  such 
bees  as  this,  which  thus  unconsciously  have  contrived 
a  double  debt  to  pay.  Mr.  Newman  believed  this  bee 
to  be  the  neuter  of  No.  4,  and  this  was  correct  if  my 
No.  4  be  the  same,  of  which  there  may  be  a  doubt 
(see  No.  7). 

No.  3.  Bombus  len-esli is,  var.  Iticorum,  J.— This 
does  not  enter  the  flower  at  all.  Mr.  Newman  says 
it  alights  on  the  flower-stalk  just  below  the  flower, 
cuts  a  hole  in  the  corolla  close  to  the  nectary,  and 
thrusts  its  tongue  or  labial  apparatus  through  this  to 
the  nectary.  I  have,  however,  often  seen  it  not  only 
act  thus,  but  also  alight  on  the  flower,  yet  never 
at'empt  to  enter  it,  but  crawl  at  once  down  the  out- 
side to  the  base  of  the  corolla.  I  thought  the  size  of 
the  bee  might  have  been  against  its  entry,  but  as  I 
afterwards  saw  larger  bees  go  in,  this  theory  was 
delecilve  ;  it  therefore  appeared  that  it  sought  honey 
only,  and  took  the  readiest  way  to  get  it.  I  saw  no 
5'  of  this  var. 

No.  4.  Bombus  Derlwmcllus,  $. —  This  large  bee 
was  of  too  great  a  size  to  get  into  the  flower  ;  so, 
standing  on  the  lower  lip,  it  opened  the  mouth  of  the 
corolla,  and  thrusting  itself  in  as  far  as  it  could,  thus 
reached  the  nectary,  as  could  be  seen  through  the 
sides  of  the  tube,  the  posterior  part  of  the  body 
remaining  exposed  to  view  ;  when  the  bee  came  out 
the  thorax  was  marked  with  pollen  like  No.  2,  the  J  . 

No.  5.  Apis  mdlifica  (Ligurian  race).— This  (not 
mentioned  by  Newman)  goes  on  the  outside  of  the 
flower  from  below  and  proceeds  to  extract  the  honey 
like  No  3.  Simultaneously,  however,  I  saw  other 
bees  of  this  species  go  to  the  mouth  of  the  corolla  and 
open  it,  but  they  did  not  enter  ;  they  only  stood  on 
the  lower  lip  and  pushed  their  heads  in  ;  and  I 
repeatedly  noticed  that  they  reached  only  to  the 
pollenlfetous  anthers  with  their  forelegs  ;  so  it  was 
clear  they  required  pollen  only.  I  further  noticed 
that  the  honey  collectors  went  from  flower  to  flower 
always  on  the  same  errand,  and  that  the  pollen 
gatherers  acted  similarly,  neither  taking  up  the  occu- 
pation of  the  other.  Here  was  clearly  an  economic 
division  of  labour. 

No.  6.  Bombtts  terreslris,  var,  virginalis,  $  .— 
This  settled  on  the  lower  lip  of  the  flower  and  pushed 
itself  into  the  corolla  as  far  as  it  could,  leaving  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  its  ab.iomen  and  its  hind-legs  in 
sight.     This  I  saw  repeatedly.     It  evidently  went  to 


the  nectary  for  honey,  for  the  pollen  from  the  anthers 
remained  thick  on  the  thorax,  and  was  regarded  as  an 
encumbrance,  as  the  bee  occasionally  rested  on  a  leaf, 
and  did  its  best  to  get  rid  of  the  dust  with  its  fore- 
legs. If  it  had  Intended  to  gather  pollen  it  would 
not  have  acted  in  this  way.  It  is  very  singular  that 
to  get  the  honey  the  procedure  was  so  different  from 
that  of  No.  3— another  variety  of  the  same  species. 

No.  7.  Bombus  /erreslris,  var.  virginalis,  ?  . — 
This  also  settled  on  the  lower  lip  of  the  flower,  and 
thrust  itself  as  far  as  It  could  into  the  corolla,  but 
being  the  largest  of  all  the  bees  the  whole  of  the 
abdomen  remained  in  view.  It  evidently  reached  the 
nectary  with  its  tongue  ;  honey  was  the  object  of  its 
action,  for  the  pollen  formed  a  large  stripe  on  the 
thorax,  and  efforts  like  those  of  No.  6  were  made  to 
remove  it.  This  may  have  been  the  "  very  large 
bee  "  mentioned  by  Newman  as  his  No.  4,  in  which 
case  his  belief  that  it  was  the  ?  of  No.  2  was 
incorrect. 

I  did  not  in  any  instance  see  either  No.  3  or  No.  5 
make  the  hole  which  always  existed  at  the  base  of  the 
corolla  after  a  bee  had  examined  it,  and  so  the  open- 
ing once  made  served  for  every  successive  visitor.  In 
Hermann  Midler's  work,  T/ie  Fcrlilisation  of 
Floicers,*  at  p.  433,  the  fertilisation  of  Antirrhinum 
majus  by  various  bees  is  noticed,  but  in  every  case 
quoted  the  bee  entered  the  corolla.  This  is  the  more 
singular,  as  it  is  said,  with  respect  to  the  flowers  of 
the  allied  Linarla  vulgaris,  '*  I  have  seen  the  honey- 
bee bite  a  hole  in  the  spur  and  empty  it,  as  Sptengel 
describes." 

Nos.  2,  3,  and  4,  disappeared  after  September  3, 
at  least  they  then  came  no  more  to  the  Snapdragons. 

The  flowers  exhibited  countless  shades  and  combi- 
nations of  colours,  from  pure  white  to  crimson, 
including  spots  and  stripes,  but  the  bees  had  no  pre- 
ference for  any,  going  indiscriminately  from  one  to 
the  other.  J.  IV.  Douglas,  8,  Beaufort  Gardens, 
Lciuisham,  SefUmber  10,  in  the  "  EnlomohgisCs 
Monthly  Magazine  "  Jor  November. 


"pOREgTFJY. 

NOVEMBER. 
When  to  plant,  what  to  plant,  and  how  to  plant 
are  questions  which  at  the  present  season  engross  the 
attention  of  not  a  few  landowners  who  are  not  prac- 
tically acquainted  with  the  various  duties  of  the  ordi- 
nary forester.  To  these  three  questions  we  will  in 
turn  give  replies,  but  only  so  far  as  our  own  expe- 
rience warrants  us  in  doing. 

Where  to  Plant. 
This  to  a  great  extent  depends  on  the  quality  of 
soil  to  be  planted,  but  unless  in  the  case  of  peat  bog 
or  other  damp  soils  which  we  prefer  to  operate  upon 
in  early  spring,  all  other  planting  should  be  well  in 
hand,  if  at  all  possible  finished,  before  the  end  of  the 
year.  Although  the  advantages  of  such  a  course  of 
action  are  well  known  to  be  many  indeed  not  only  to 
the  landowner  but  forester  as  well,  but  which  advan- 
tages time  will  not  permit  of  our  dwelling  fully  upon 
at  present,  still  the  majority  of  planters  cannot  get  rid 
of  the  old-fangled  idea  that  spring  planting  is  best 
— perhaps  not  best  for  the  plants,  but  more  suitable 
for  themselves  and  their  arrangements,  whereas  such 
persons  by  a  little  timely  forethought  and  scheming 
could  easily  enough  have  so  arranged  other  work 
that  all  hands  could  be  put  on  the  planting  during  the 
months  of  November  and  December,  and  when 
suitable  weather  allowed  of  such  work  being  carried 
on  without  fear  of  harm  to  the  young  and  tender 
plants.  By  pushing  on  planting  operations  at  present, 
when  there  is  still  a  little  warmth  left  in  the  soil,  the 
plants  get,  not  established,  but  so  settled,  and  the  roots 
so  firmly  embedded  in  their  new  situation,  that  with 
the  first  fine  day  in  early  spring  a  start  to  grow  is  at 
once  made  ;  whereas  those  who  defer  planting  until 
the  long  cold  days  of  the  early  year,  and  when  the 
parching  east  winds  tell  so  pronouncedly  on  vegetation 
generally,  little  wonder  is  it  that  the  majority  of  the 
work  then  accomplished  reQects  but  little  credit  on 
the  operator,  and,  what  is  a  hundred  times  worse 
still,  unnecessary  outlay  on  the  owner  as  well.  To 
the  very  fact  of  injudicious  planting  in  its  many  forms 

•  The  Fertilisaiion  of  Flowers.  By  Prof.  Hermann  Muller. 
Translated  and  edited  by  D'Arcy  W.  Thompson,  B.A.  (Lon- 
don :  Macmillan,  1883.) 


596 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  i!iS6. 


and  wilh  its  attending  dire  results  may  be  traced  much 
of  the  ever-increasing  unwillingness  on  the  part  of  not 
a  few  landed  proprietors  to  engage  largely  in  the  for- 
mation of  new  plantations,  for  with  owners  as  wilh 
servants  "once  bitten,  twice  shy." 

What  to  Plant. 
This,  again,  depends  so  much  on  the  taste  of  the 
operator  that  it  is  no  easy  task  to  recommend  even  a 
few  trees  that  will  suit  the  public  taste,  and  give  at 
the  same  time  a  margin  of  profit  to  the  owner.  From 
rather  extensive  experience  the  following  are  the  trees, 
apart  from  the  Larch,  Scotch,  Silver,  and  Spruce 
Firs,  that  are  commonly  planted,  that  we  have  found 
to  be  well  suited  for  planting  in  this  country  :— 

The  Corsican  Pine  (Pinus  Laricio), 

a  tree  that,  amongst  all  the  forms  of  Coniferse  yet 
introduced,  is  by  far  the  most  desirable,  whether  con- 
sidered in  an  ornamental  sense,  or  for  the  value  o 
the  timber  it  produces.  Actual  experience  has  cer- 
tainly convinced  us  that  this  is  one  of  the  trees  of  the 
future  in  Britain,  and  now  that  the  Larch  has  failed 
completely  in  several  parts  of  the  country,  the  best 
substitute  in  our  opinion  is  the  tree  in  question.  The 
timber  produced  in  this  country  is  excellent ;  the  tree 
is  in  hardiness  and  suitability  for  exposed  or  maritime 
situations  excelled  by  no  other ;  while  as  an  orna- 
mental tree  it  can  well  hold  its  own  amongst  the  score 
and  more  of  its  tribe  than  have  been  introduced.  As 
to  soil  it  is  not  particular,  but  that  of  a  light  sandy 
nature  is  preferred  ;  while  as  regards  exposure,  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  higher  it  has  been  planted  on 
the  Welsh  hills  the  better  it  succeeds.  Grant  we  must 
that  the  Laricio  is  difficult  to  transplant  safely,  but 
this,  by  previous  forethought  and  common-sense 
management,  may  be  readily  enough  rectified.  The 
secret,  if  secret  there  be,  is  this— transplant  when  a 
year  old,  and  annually  for  three  years  before  final 
planting-out,  and  losses  will  soon  be  few  indeed  in 
the  transferring  of  this  valuable  Pine  from  one  situa- 
tion to  another. 

Pinus  austriaca  and  P.  strobus, 
the  latter  in  particular,  we  can  confidently  recommend 
for  rather  extensive  use  in  the  formation  of  British 
woods  and  forests.  P.  strobus  grows  best  on  decayed 
vegetable  refuse  and  at  average  high  elevations,  but 
particularly  where  the  subsoil  rests  at  no  great  depth 
on  rock.  It  produces  excellent  timber  for  inside 
uses  ;  in  Canada  it  is  considered  the  most  valuable, 
grows  rapidly,  transplants  well,  and  is  highly  orna- 
mental. I  have  seen  it  towering  90  feet  in  height 
and  wilh  a  butt  girth  of  fully  9  feet  amongst  the 
Welsh  rocks,  not  half-a  dozen  miles  from  Snowdon. 
The  Austrian  Pine  is  to  be  recommended  as  a 
shelter-giving  tree,  but  hardly  as  a  valuable  timber 
producer,  although  a  trial  we  made  with  it  for  em- 
banking purposes,  for  which  it  is  said  to  be  specially 
adapted,  has  given  the  utmost  satisfaction. 

Almost  any  soil  suits  the  Austrian  well,  but  it  is 
too  much  inclined  to  throw  the  weight  of  its  growth 
into  numerous  and  mighty  branches,  and  less  so  into 
the  stem.  For  planting  along  the  outskirts  of  exposed 
maritime  woods,  it  is  of  great  value,  and  being  of 
such  a  dark  sombre  green,  it  offers  a  fine  contrast  to 
the  ordinary  run  of  our  forest  trees.  It  transplants 
well,  but  is  liable  to  the  attacks  of  game. 

Pinus  ponderosa 
is  another  valuable  tree,  and  one  that  unfortunately 
does  not  in  this  country  meet  with  the  welcome  that 
its  merits  demand  ;  which  may  likewise,  though  in  a 
less  degree,  perhaps,  be  said  of  P.  insignis — one  of 
the  handsomest  and  most  valuable  for  particular 
situations  of  any  other  with  which  I  am  acquainted— 
"  For  poor  soils  and  windswept  districts  it  is  a 
blessing  to  have  such  a  Fine  "  are  expressions  that 
any  one  may  occasionally  hear  from  the  inhabitants 
of  that  desolate-looking  sea-shore  in  Anglesey, 
near  to  Bodorgan.  There  it  thrives  with  a  luxuriance 
that  is  quite  surprising,  and  puts  on  its  freshest  and 
greenest  of  tints  even  in  the  very  teeth  of  the  blast. 
Let  every  landowner  who  possesses  a  barren  tract  of 
sandy  seashore  at  once  set  about  reclaiming  it  by  the 
judicious  planting  of  the  Pine  in  question,  assisted  by 
the  well-tried  P.  pinaster  and  the  common  Sycamore  ; 
and  if  their  eltorts  do  not  prove  a  success,  as  likewise 
a  blessing  to  the  landward  inhabitants  of  such  a  place, 
I  will  be  responsible  for  all  blame  :  but  mind  that 
you  plant  properly  and  at  the  right  time. 


The  Douglas  Fir  (Pseudo-Tsuga  Douglasii) 
must  not  on  any  account  be  omitted  from  our  list,  for 
a  handsomer  or  more  valuable  timber  producing  tree 
it  would  certainly  be  difficult  to  find.  Like  almost 
every  other  tree  the  Douglasii  has  one  fault — not  that 
it  transplants  badly,  or  thrives  indifferently— it  is  very 
apt  to  have  the  leading  shoots  broken  after  overtop- 
ping those  of  other  trees  with  which  it  is  planted.  A 
remedy  I  have  frequently  recommended,  but  that  I 
do  so  now  with  a  far  greater  amount  of  assurance 
than  ever  before,  and  that  is,  plant  the  Douglasii  only 
with  other  trees  of  an  equally  rapid  growth,  such  as 
the  Silver  Fir,  Red-wood  (Sequoia  sempervirens),  or 
Tbuia  gigantea  ;  or,  better  still,  form  a  plantation 
entirely  of  Douglasii,  with  perhaps  a  few  Larches  for 
cutting  out  as  fencing  poles  at  an  early  date. 

By  following  out  this  method  of  rearing  Douglasii 
plantations  the  trees  being  of  equal  growth  will  shelter 
each  other,  whereas  when  planted  amongst  the  general 
run  of  our  forest  trees  they  are  coddled  up  until  a 
height  of  60  feet  or  so  is  attained,  when  the  others 
cease  growing,  and  leave  the  frail  shelter-expecting 
tops  of  the  Douglas  Firs  to  battle  with  the  storms, 
but  which,  from  being  nursed  and  protected  from 
their  infancy  upwards,  they  are  ill  adapted  for  doing  j 
the  result  being  that  they  usually  get  broken  over  or 
assume  that  miserable  whip-like  appearance  that  is 
anything  but  desirable  in  well-managed  woods. 

All  of  the  Conifers  recommended  to  be  planted  with 
the  Douglasii  may  be  relied  on  not  only  as  being  well 
suited  for  ordinary  planting,  but  very  valuable  for  the 
timber  they  produce.  The  Red-wood  for  planting  in 
dampish  valleys  is  a  capital  tree,  and  the  timber  being 
of  large  size,  clean,  easily  worked,  and  suitable  for  a 
great  many  important  purposes,  renders  the  planting 
of  this  tree  in  this  country,  for  which  it  is  particularly 
well  adapted,  a  work  that  should  be  far  more  eagerly 
pursued  than  it  is  at  present.  Like  the  Douglasii,  it 
is  best  planted  alone  or  with  other  equally  rapid- 
growing  kinds,  but  it  is  by  no  means  apt  to  lose  its 
leading  shoot,  even  when  planted  in  exposed  situa- 
tions. To  see  this  tree  as  it  is  grown  at  Penrhyn  in 
alluvial  deposit  and  a  semi-sheltered  situation  would 
do  any  tree-lover  an  amount  of  good — the  stems  of 
8  or  9  feet  girth  rising  clean  and  straight  and  almost 
branchless  for  nearly  iSo  feet.  I  would  strongly 
urge  on  any  person  who  has  the  chance  to  give  this 
giant  of  the  forest  a  (air  trial,  and  he  will  not  be  dis- 
appointed with  the  results.  A.  D.  Websler,  Penrhyn 

Caslle. 


the  irregular  arrangement  has  been  evolved  in  course 
of  time,  the  better  to  adapt  the  flower  to  the  surround- 
ing conditions.  If  so,  then  these  cases  of  regular 
peloria  may  be  looked  on  as  reversions  to  the  ancestral 
plan  of  construction. 


SELENIPEDIUM     SEDENIx. 

This  was  a  most  lucky  cross  of  Mr.  Seden's.  Itself 
a  most  desirable  Orchid,  it  has  become  the  ancestor  of 
a  r.-ice  distinguished  for  the  beauty  of  their  flowers 
and  the  robustness  of  their  constitution.  It  was,  we 
are  told,  the  result  of  a  cross  between  C.  Schlimii  and 
C.  longifolium,  and,  what  is  very  interesting,  which- 
ever of  the  two  be  used  as  the  seed-parent,  the  result 
is  the  same.  Again,  this  beautiful  hybrid  frequently 
produces  malformed  flowers,  which  if  they  do  not 
always  add  to  its  beauty,  do  so  sometimes,  and  are  often 
most  important  for  the  secrets  they  reveal.  Such  an 
instance  was  sent  us  lately  by  Mr.  Tautz,  in  which  the 
three  sepals  (marked  s  in  the  plan,  fig.  1 18,  p.  597)  were 
separate,  the  three  petals,  P,  also  ;  the  median  petal, 
or  lip,  L,  in  this  case,  instead  of  being  bag-shaped  was 
flat  like  the  side  petals  and  of  the  same  colour,  but 
rather  larger.  The  outer  row  of  stamens  was  repre- 
sented by  the  usual  staminode  Ax,  the  two  lateral 
ones,  A  X  ,  A  X  not  being  present.  All  three  of  the 
inner  series  of  stamens  were  present,  and  each  had  its 
anther  ai,  a2,  aj.  These  stamens  surrounded  the 
style,  being  confluent  with  it  at  the  base  but  free 
above.  The  style  itself  expanded  into  a  large  median 
stigmatic  lobe,  G  i,  while  the  two  lateral  ones,  G  2, 
G  3,  though  smaller,  were  yet  distinctly  marked. 
This  is  one  of  the  few  instances  in  which  we  have 
observed  the  ternary  character  of  the  stigma.  A 
section  of  the  column  below  the  insertion  of  the 
stamens  showed  only  three  vascular  bundles,  while  a 
similar  section  above  the  stamens  showed  also  three 
bundles.  The  flower  is  an  illustration  of  "regular 
peloria,"  a  term  applied  to  those  cases  in  which  a 
flower  which  usually  developes  itself  in  an  irregular 
manner  as  to  the  number,  form,  and  proportion  of 
its  parts,  for  some  reason  or  other  unknown,  developes 
itself  into  a  regular  orderly  fashion.  As  a  matter  of 
speculation  rather  than  of  demonstrated  fact,  in  this 
case,  it  may  be  said  that  probably  the  regular  form 
was  the  original  ancestral  characteristic,  from  which 


mu\U  |[flkJ5  and  ll^aninp. 


CONSTRUCTION  OF  ORCHID  HOUSES. 
One  of  the  most  important  items  in  Orchid  culture 
is  that  of  the  construction  of  the  houses  for  the 
reception  of  the  plants.  Sometimes  these  structures 
are  joined  together  or  placed  side  by  side  with  a 
gutter  running  up  the  central  space  between  them. 
Such  houses  are  difficult  to  get  at,  and  glass  is  fre- 
quently broken  through  the  difficulty  in  passing  along 
the  gutters  to  repair  or  paint  the  sashes.  But  even 
this,  though  inconvenient  and  expensive,  we  do  not 
consider  the  chief  evil  of  such  a  mode  of  construction. 
We  maintain  that  there  should  be  a  passage-way  of 
3  feet  or  more  in  width  between  the  houses,  so  that  a 
free  circulation  of  air  may  be  obtained  ;  and  then,  if 
they  are  span-roofed,  ventilators  can  be  placed  in  the 
brickwork  in  order  to  secure  bottom  ventilation, 
which  is  required  equally  with  that  at  the 
top  to  keep  the  plants  in  perfect  health. 
We  have  always  adopted  this  plan,  and 
have  found  it  most  convenient  and  useful  for 
regulating  the  temperature  of  the  house.  It  is  some- 
times argued  that  in  building  two  walls  we  incur  an 
extra  expense,  but  we  think  the  first  expense  is  the 
best,  and  we  know  that  it  is  soon  saved  by  the  facility 
of  access  to  each  house  separately,  by  avoiding  the 
expense  of  the  gutters  and  the  inconvenience  of  getting 
at  the  glass  for  repairs.  The  tradesmen's  bills  will 
show  which  is  the  best  and  cheapest  plan  in  the  end. 
Those  gentlemen  who  go  to  the  expense  of  having 
houses  built,  of  purchasing  plants,  and  of  keeping 
men  to  look  after  them,  should  not  object  to  lay  out  a 
little  extra  money  on  the  structures  for  the  well-being 
of  the  plants,  and  as  they  gain  experience  they  will 
be  able  to  see  the  difference  in  the  progress  of  their 
plants.  Those  who  may  think  it  worth  while  to  act 
according  to  these  few  simple  suggestions  will  find 
their  reward.  It  is  always  desirable  to  try  to  avoid 
whatever  is  detrimental  to  the  growth  of  the  plants, 
whether  they  are  valuable  ones  or  not,  for  complete 
success  not  only  gives  one  greater  pleasure,  but  is 
far  more  satisfactory  both  to  employer  and  employed. 
B.  S.  IV.,  in  "  Orchid  Album" 

Twin-Flowered  Maxillaria  venusta. 
Usually  when  two  or  more  flowers  become  fused 
into  one,  or  in  any  way  amalgamated,  they  assume  a 
monstrous  appearance  or  exhibit  a  greater  or  less 
depression  o  f  parts.  In  the  present  instance  there  is 
no  suppression,  but  merely  a  slight  dislocation  of  one 
lab'illum  owing  to  the  absence  of  space  for  its  proper 
development.  The  spur  or  chin  of  this  species  is 
naturally  very  much  produced  or  elongated,  and  it  so 
happens  that  the  labella  are  placed  in  close  apposi- 
tion back  to  back,  causing  the  spur  of  one  to  interfere 
with  that  of  the  other.  That  which  is  developed 
naturally  pushes  against  the  long  foot  of  the  column 
in  the  other,  doubling  it  up  against  the  latter,  which 
it  equals  in  length.  From  the  apex  of  this  the 
labellum  is  suspended,  and  has  its  normally  straight 
tube  doubled  up  in  a  pouch  fashion,  containing  the 
farinaceous  material  so  peculiarly  characteristic  of 
this  species.  The  lateral  sepals  in  both  cases  are 
closely  applied,  edge  to  edge,  and  connate  for  one- 
half  or  one-third  their  length.  The  two  seed  vessels 
arise  from  the  top  of  the  peduncle,  of  equal  strength  or 
nearly  so,  and  are  more  amalgamated  than  any  other 
two  organs  of  the  flowers,  and  although  by  the  dislo- 
cation of  one  labellum  that  appears  larger,  it  is  not 
really  so.  The  specimen  was  handed  me  the  other 
day  out  of  curiosity.   J,  F. 

Dendrobium  PHAL.ENOPSIS. 
I  notice  in  this  week's  Gardeners^  ChronicU  a 
short  article  on  "Dendrobium  Phaljenopsis,"  which 
states  that  this  plant  flowers  in  April.  This  is,  I 
think,  incorrect.  My  plant,  which  is  the  fine  variety 
figured  in  the  Orchid  Album,  is,  I  believe,  distinct  in 
size  and  colour,  and  has  always  flowered  in  October. 
This  was  so  in  1S84,  the  first  year  it  came  over  to 
England,  and  again  in  1885,  and  it  is  in  flower  now 


November  6,  1886.  j 


'I  HE     GARDhNERS'     CHRONICLE 


597 


(1SS6).  The  plant  at  Kew  also  Mowers  about  this 
lime,  though  that  variety  is  but  little  better  than  a 
large  D-  bigibbum,  I  have  sent  you  by  this  post  a 
flower  which  illustrates  its  character  for  size  and 
colour,  though  it  has  been  open  fourteen  days  now. 
You  will  see  that  instead  of  being  2  to  2.\  inches 
across  this  flower  is  3^  inches  across,  and  all  are  alike 
with  me.  D.  Phalaenopsis  is  at  present  very  rare 
indeed,  and  I  almost  think  that  the  variety  I  have  is 
unique.  William  Lee,  Downside.  [With  this  com- 
munication came  a  flower  over  3  inches  across,  with 
broad  reflected  petals.  The  sepals  were  of  a  light 
rosy-lilac,  the  petals  of  deeper  hue,  the  lip  of  the 
richest  red*violet  colour — truly  a  superb  flower.  We 
must  also  say  a  word  for  the  packing.  This  consisted 
of  damp  sphagnum,  as  green  as  a  lettuce— just  what 
the  Orchid  cultivator  should  aim  at.  In  this  material 
the  flower  came  to  hand  in  excellent  condition,  and 
was  readily  examined.  We  could  wish  that  a  very 
heavy  tax  were  placed  on  cotton  wool — that  most 
abominable  of  packing  materials.   Ed,] 

"  Reichenbachia.  ' 

The  elegance  and  artistic  character  of  this  fine 
work  increase  with  successive  numbers.  The 
value  of  this  sumptuous  publication  would  be 
increased  at  comparatively  little  cost  by  representa- 
tions of  the  microscopical  characters  of  the  leaves, 
which,  as  we  have  occasion  to  show  by  illustrations, 
afiford  useful  indications  as  to  the  amount  of  light  or 
shade,  and  the  quantity  of  water  required  by  these 
plants.  The  plants  figured  in  the  present  number 
(4)  are  the  following  : — 

Masdtvallia  Shiittle~vorthii  and  M,  S.  var. 
xanihocorys,  t.  13.  —  A  very  elegant  plate,  repre- 
senting two  forms  not  common  in  collections,  owin^ 
to  the  circumsiance  that  but  few  plants  survive  the 
lourney  from  the  New  Granadan  Andes.  They  are 
not  among  the  most  showy  members  of  the  genus,  but 
are  nevertheless  very  pretty,  the  type  form  having  a 
rosy  tint,  while  in  the  variety  xanthocorys  the  flowers 
are  straw-coloured,  with  faint  rosy  streaks  on  the 
median  sepal.  These  Masdevallias  require  a  mild 
equable  temperature  and  a  moist  atmosphere.  They 
are  best  grown  (says  Mr.  Sander)  in  shallow  pans 
suspended  under  the  roof,  or  placed  on  a  shelf  in  a 
light  position.  If  ample  drainage  be  provided,  there 
is  no  fear  of  giving  too  much  water. 

j^ranthus  sesquipcdalis,  t.  14. — Better  known 
under  the  name  of  Angrsecum. 

Cattleya  labiata  Mtndeli,  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
t.  15. — Of  this  Professor  Reichenbach  writes  :  — "  It 
is  one  of  those  grand  Orchids  which  occupy  the  mind 
of  the  orchidist  so  fully,  which  fill  him  with  such  a 
religious  admiration,  that  in  looking  at  it  he  considers 
he  sees  the  finest  of  all  the  fine  Orchids." 

Zygopetalutn  intermedium,  t.  16. — A  fine  old  Or- 
chid, the  more  useful  in  that  it  blooms  in  mid-winter. 
It  requires  to  be  grown  in  turfy  loam,  to  have  abun- 
dance of  water,  and  a  temperature  ranging  from  60" 
to  65°  Fahr.  After  flowering  it  should  be  kept  drier, 
and  in  a  cool  house. 


Ibiltsita'   Jlfltu^ra. 


HYACINTHS. 

The  last  week  in  October  or  the  first  in  November 
is  a  good  time  to  pot  the  general  collection,  using 
good  rich  compost  of  an  open  texture — sandy  loaiu 
two  parts,  one  part  decayed  cow  manure,  one  of  leaf- 
mould,  and  one  of  sharp  sand.  We  use  for  potting 
ordinary  6-inch  pots,  these  being  quite  large  enough 
for  any  of  the  bulbs — those  that  are  of  smaller  size  dn 
belter  in  5-inch.  It  is  a  grave  error  in  culture  to 
overpot  Hyacinth  bulbs  ;  the  large  deep  pots  sold  as 
Hyacinth  pots  hold  too  much  potting  soil  ;  they  have 
also  a  very  ungainly  appearance  on  the  greenhouse 
stages.  I  like  them  not.  In  potting  the  bulb-, 
place  a  little  sharp  sand  under  each — the  crown  of  the 
bulb  should  just  be  seen  above  the  potting  soil ;  and, 
as  a  finish,  drop  a  pinch  of  clean  sand  over  the  crown 
of  each.  Plunge  them  out-of-doors  in  an  open 
position  exposed  to  the  weather. 

Progress  is  being  made  in  the  raising  of  new  seed- 
ling forms,  but  it  is  not  rapid.  When  I  first  exhibited 
Hyacinths,  about  twenty  years  ago,  King  of  the  Blues 
and  La  Grandesse  were  not  to  be  bought  ;  it  was  two 


or  three  years  liter  that  I  paid  20x.  for  one  bulb  of 
King  of  the  Blues.  This  and  La  Grandesse  are,  I 
think,  the  best  Hyacinths  of  any  colour.  Princess  Mary 
of  Cambridge  is  a  lovely  pale  blue,  more  beautiful  than 
Czar  Peter ;  Lord  Derby  or  Blondin,  King  ol  the 
Reds,  and  King  of  the  Yellows  we  are  growing 
this  year.  I  fancy  they  are  the  best  in  their  respectii'e 
colours.  A  decided  advance  has  been  made  in  the 
dark  bluish-purple  colour  in  Souvenir  de  J.  H.  Neere, 
but  I  fear  this  variety  is  too  popular,  the  bulbs  sent 
being  miserably  small.  We  are  trying  a  dozen  new 
varieties  this  year,  distinct  in  colour,  and  with  good 
trusses ;    these    I    must    allu-le   to   when   they   have 


^  Y     ^  -K^Q^ilc^ 


17. — PELORIATE 


:   REFERENCES,    SEE  TiiXT,    P.    596.) 


^^--F=-^^ 


flowered.  It  does  not  answer  to  trust  entirely  to  a 
solitary  plant  with  a  grand  spike  at  an  exhibition.  I 
have  learned  to  be  careful  about  recommending  any- 
thing until  it  has  been  proved  in  our  own  garden. 
This  of  course  cannot  always  be  done,  but  it  is  safest 
and  best  where  practicable. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 
These  are  now  in  great  beauty  in  our  roof-heated 
greenhouse.  We  have  not  yet  used  the  heat  from 
the  pipes  in  the  roof,  nor  is  it  necessary  to  do  ?o 
until  frosty  weather,  when  its  value  is  seen  at  once, 
The  glass  and  also  the  flowers  are  kept  dry,  as  hot- 
water  circulates  most  rapidly  upwards.  One  has  to  be 
careful  not  to  overheat  these  pipes,  for  if  they  are 
too  warm  the  flowers  are  injured  thereby,  as  I  found 
last  year.     We  are  careful  at  this  season  not  to  spill 


water  about  in  the  house,  as  a  damp  atmosphere  is 
decidedly  injurious.  Any  shoots  that  seem  to  grow 
away  with  too  much  vigour  should  have  the  points 
pinched  out  ;  this  causes  the  flower  trusses  to 
develope  much  more  freely ;  indeed  some  varieties 
will  not  produce  flowers  at  all  unless  the  shoots  are 
stopped  when  the   trusses  appear,  J.  Douglas^  Great 


jHoME     f  OI^F{ESPONDENCE. 


Bees  and  Colour.— It  is  too  late  this  season,  but 
if  "  T.  F."  next  season  will  carefully  observe  bees 
collecting  honey,  he  will  find  that  my  statement  is 
materially  correct.  I  can  assure  him  that  those 
knowing  little  insects  do  not  waste  their  time  in 
visiting  "hundreds  of  flowers"  for  nought.  It  is 
true  they  visit  some  for  honey  and  others  for  pollen. 
"  T.  F."  mentions  "humble  bees,"  which  I  know  visit 
many  flowers  that  domestic  bees  do  not,  such  as 
Rhododendrons,  &c.  My  statement  was,  that  bees 
{domestic  bees,  of  course,  were  meant)  collect  their 
honey  from  one  description  of  flower  at  a  time,  such 
as  Mignonette,  Thyme,  Heath,  Lime,  &c. ,  and  that 
their  exquisite  sense  of  smell  alone  enables  them  to 
do  so,  and  also  to  detect  and  prefer  the  most 
melliferous.  "  Dromio,"  I  see,  confirms  my  obser- 
vation that  bees  keep  to  one  sort  of  flower,  and  even, 
he  says,  to  one  colour,  as  in  the  cise  of  blue,  white 
and  yellow  Crocuses.  The  more  the  habits  of  bees 
are  studied,  the  more  marvellous  appears  their 
instinct.   W.  H.  R. 

Grafted  Grapes. —I  have  done  a  little  in  this 
way,  and  will  now  record  the  results.  First,  I  put 
a  Madresfield  Court  on  Gros  Colmar,  doing 
this  for  two  purposes,  viz.,  to  see  if,  by  ordinary 
treatment,  watering,  &c.,  as  for  Gros  Colmar,  it 
would  crack,  and  also  to  see  if  the  size  of  the  berries 
would  be  increased.  It  did  not  crack,  but  the  berries 
were  not  so  large  as  those  on  their  own  roots  ; 
besides,  the  flavour  was  very  poor.  This  graft  is  not 
strong,  so  I  have  only  two  bunches  growing  with 
Gros  Colmar.  This  time  I  have  grafted  Gros  Colmar 
on  Barbarossa,  and  hope  for  something  good,  as  this 
Vine  is  the  only  stem  I  have  that  measures  well  in 
girth.  The  Black  Hamburgh  as  a  stock  for  Gros 
Maroc  is  right,  one  crop  being  enormous,  and  the 
berries  large  and  black,  with  an  improved  flavour. 
Gros  Maroc  on  its  own  roots  is  nowhere  compared 
with  the  grafted  Vine.  Alicante  worked  on  the 
Black  Hamburgh  stock  is  good  for  a  crop  of  nice- 
shaped  bunches,  but  I  wish  the  berries  were  larger, 
and  I  am  inclined  to  think  the  weight  is  too  much 
for  the  roots,  some  canes  of  1SS5  carrying  40  lb.  of 
Grapes,  but  they  are  black  and  well  finished.  One 
Black  Hamburgh  Vine  I  grafted  with  Gros  Maroc, 
and  also  Alicante  ;  in  this  case  the  latter  is  much 
better  in  berry  ;  these  berries  are,  however,  rounder 
than  any  others  that  I  have.  I  have  never  succeeded 
in  growing  many  Black  Ilamburghs,  the  fruit  be- 
coming chiefly  of  a  red  colour,  and  this  summer  it  has 
been  rather  amusing  to  see  the  few  bunches  of  red 
Ilamburghs  and  black  Gros  Marocs  on  the  same 
roots.  I  intend  to  try  Mrs.  Pince  on  Lady  Downe's, 
as  I  believe  the  latter  would  prove  a  strong,  good 
stock  for  it  ;  and,  although  Mrs.  Pince  would  not 
only  colour  any  better,  it  might  be  the  means  of 
preventing  the  shrivelling  which  this  variety  is  liable 
to  when  kept.   Stephen  Castle,  West  Lynn,  October  2^. 

*'T.     L.,"    p.     502,    invites   expressions    of 

experience  on  the  result  of  grafting  black  Grapes 
on  a  white  stock,  and  had  your  correspondent 
confined  himself  to  the  particular  variety,  viz., 
Golden  Queen,  I  should  not  have  added  my  tes- 
timony in  favour  of  "Vitis,"  who  recommends 
that  '*  T.  L."  should  graft  his  Vine  of  Golden  Queen 
with  either  Black  Alicante  or  Gros  Maroc.  If  I 
cannot  claim  the  title  of  an  experienced  Grape  grower, 
I  can,  if  necessary,  have  the  corroboration  of  one  who 
is,  in  support  of  excellent  Black  Alicante  being  grown 
on  a  Vine  of  Buckland  Sweetwater.  About  four 
years  ago,  owing  to  some  changes  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  houses,  we  became  very  short  of  late-keeping 
Grapes,  and  as  the  Grapes  from  the  Buckland  Sweet- 
water Vine  at  the  end  of  the  second  house  were  not 
much  appreciated,  I  determined  to  inarch  this  Vine 
with  a  rod  of  Black  Alicante,  which  I  did,  taking  the 
rod  half-way  up  the  house  the  first  year,  fruiting  it 
and  the  old  rod  of  Buckland  Sweetwater  the  next 
and  the  following  year,  cutting  away  the  old 
root  of  the  white  sorts.  During  the  whole  time 
if  there  was  any  difference  detected  in  the  quality  and 
finish  of  the  Grapes,  the  black  ones  were  the  better  of 
the  two.  I  had  retained  a  spur  of  the  white  below  the 
union  of  the  Alicante,  and  which  has  fruited  every 
year  since,  and  this  last  summer  I  cut  three  bunches 
of  Buckland  Sweetwater  from  a  little  extension  ofthis 
sp:ir  which  won  me  second  honours  in  an  open  compe- 
tition of  five  or  six  exhibitors  for  any  other  variety  of 
white  Grapes,  not  Muscat,  and  these  were  not  nearly 


59S 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[November  6,  1886. 


so  good  for  a  white  sort  as  were  the  Alicante  for  black 
ones,  some  of  which  are  slill  on  the  Vines.  For 
shape  of  biirch,  size  of  berry,  and  perfect  bloom  and 
finish,  nothing  more  cculd  be  wished  for,  and  this 
Mr.  Ward,  at  Longford  Caslle  Gardens,  I  am  sure, 
were  it  necessary,  would  confirm,  as  he  a  short  time 
ago  complimented  me  on  Iheir  finish.  I  have  been 
compelled  to  cut  most  of  them  to  let  in  all  lifjht  pos- 
sible to  the  plants  which  I  have  underneath.  For 
the  infoimalion  of  '*  T.  L.,"  and  in  support  of  ihe  rc- 
corr.mendatiun  of  "  Vilis,"  I  may  be  permitted  to  say 
that  the  Alicantes  on  the  white  stock  here  are  better 
than  those  on  the  Vines  in  another  house  on  their  own 
roots.  C.  Warden,  Clarendon  Park  Gardens, 
Sahsbtiry. 

Afrofios  of  the  communicalions  of  "Vitis" 

and  Mr.  Castle  in  the  Gardeners'  Ckroiiule, 
Oc'ober  30,  permit  me  to  mention  an  interest- 
ing case  of  the  mixed  action  and  reaction  of 
stcck  on  jcion  respectively  that  came  under  my 
notice  today  at  Dtinkslone  Park,  near  Bury  S'. 
Kdmunds.  On  looking  over  this  excellent  Muscat 
and  other  Grapes  grown  by  Mr.  Palmer,  Captain 
Powell's  able  gardener,  a  rod  of  Alicante — differing 
widely  from  the  others  by  its  side — was  noted.  The 
berries  were  equally  large  and  well  coloured,  but  the 
bunches  were  smaller  and  less  wide  shouldered,  more 
like  inverted  pyramids  than  the  Alicantes,  that  were 
more  broadly  ovale  in  form.  On  inquiring  into  the 
cause  of  this  difference,  it  was  pointed  out  that  this 
particular  rod  was  grafted  on  the  West's  St.  Peter's. 
This  was  further  demonstrated,  wtre  further  proof 
necessary,  by  a  large  bunch  of  the  latter  variety  on 
the  base  of  this  worked  Alicante.  I  am  by  no  means 
disposed  to  attribute  undue  importance  to  differences 
of  size  or  form  oi  bunch  in  either  of  the  two  Grapes 
concerned.  They  may  be  found  in  different  localities, 
and  even  at  times  in  the  same  house,  differing  widely, 
and  more  especially  in  form  and  length  of  bunch  and 
breath  of  shoulder.  But  the  point  in  the  fine 
house  of  Grapes  at  Drinkstone,  consisting  chiefly  of 
Alicantes,  Lady  Downe's,  Madresfield  Court,  and 
Mrs.  Pince,  is  that  only  the  Grapes  on  the  grafted  rod 
differed  from  the  other  Alicantes,  which  were  of  the 
massive  broadly  ovate  form.  Neither  must  any  one 
confound  the  West's  St.  Peter's  here  with  the  Bbck 
St.  Peter's— a  totally  different  Grape,  and,  which  is, 
in  fact,  synonymous  with  Alicante.  But  we  applied  on 
the  spot  a  more  satisfactory  test,  that  of  flesh  and 
flavour.  Three  not  bad  judges  of  Grapes,  of  whom 
Mr.  Palmer  was  one,  carefully  tested  the  quality  of 
the  Grapes  on  this  worked  Vine  with  those  unworked 
by  its  side.  The  difference  was  so  marked  as  to  be 
oijvious  in  an  instant  to  all  three.  The  skin  was 
thinner,  the  flesh  more  tender,  sprightly,  and  sweet, 
suggesting  West's  St.  Peter's  blood  and  quality  in  a 
moment.  The  skin  also  separated  more  freely  from 
the  flesh  than  in  the  contrasted  Alicantes,  that  were 
equally  fine  in  berry  and  parallel  in  ripeness.  It  is 
somewhat  difficult  to  assess  relative  proportions  of 
qualities  on  the  instant,  but  it  would  be  safe  to  assert 
that  fully  a  third  of  the  qualities  of  the  West's  S". 
Peter's  were  added  to  those  of  the  Alicante  growing 
on  its  roots.  Nor  did  this  change  of  quality  exhaust 
the  whole  effect  of  the  union  of  these  two  varieties  ; 
for  on  tasting  the  one  bunch  of  West's  St.  Peter's  on 
the  base  of  the  worked  Alicante,  ample  proof 
was  found  on  its  surface  of  the  less  common 
effects  of  the  scion  on  the  slock.  The  skin 
was  thicker,  tougher,  and  the  flesh  less  tender 
and  juicy  than  in  ^Vest's  St.  Peter's  of  normal  qualitj'. 
Though  the  modification  of  qualify  in  this  case,  was 
less  pronounced  than  in  the  Alicante  on  the  scion, 
yet  it  was  so  marked  as  to  be  obvious  at  once  to  the 
taste.  Fortunately  the  difference  between  the  rinds 
and  flesh  of  these  two  Grapes  is  so  great  as  to  render 
their  closer  approximation  to  each  other  through 
grafting  the  more  easily  apparent,  and  there  can  be  no 
manner  of  doubt  of  I  he  changes  of  form  or  s'ze  of  bunch, 
and  quality  of  flesh  in  this  case.  The  rebounding 
effect  ol  the  scion  on  the  stock,  to  use  a  popular 
phrase  for  a  mysterious  physiological  phenomenon, 
is  only  what  might  be  expected  from  the  interesting 
records  thai  have  been  chronicled  from  time  to  time 
of  the  appearance  of  variegated  shoots  on  the  stems  of 
green  plants  far  below  the  point  of  inseition  of  vaiie- 
galed  buds.  D.  T.  F. 

Rhus  radicans  (syn.  Ampelopsis  japonica)  in 
Nurseries.  — Having  read  the  interesting  aiticle  on 
the  above  plant,  and  its  poisonous  effects,  I  can  from 
my  own  experience  fully  endorse  all  that  Miss  Owen 
has  said  respecting  it.  We  have  a  plant  growing  en 
a  shed  with  south-west  aspect  in  Mr.  Cripps'  nursery, 
which  has  been  for  some  time  a  pleasing  and  striking 
object  in  the  dist.ance,  with  its  bright  orange-scarlet 
coloured  foliage,  which  is  found  very  useful  for  church 
and  indoor  decorations,  and  from  which  I  cut  a 
number  of  branches  for  the  purpose  of  propagation 
two  years  ago.  My  assistant  was  the  same  day 
affected  with  a  headache,  and  the  next  day  had  his 
face  and  arms  very  much  swollen,  and  was  under 
medical  treatment  for  some  four  weeks.  Last  year 
another  assistant  was  slightly  affected  with  swollen 


arms,  &c. ,  from  the  same  cause.  Upon  me  it  has 
never  shown  any  evil  effect,  although  I  have  cut  a 
great  many  cuttings  on  seveial  occasions.  David 
DartnalL  [This  is  an  instance  of  faulty  nomencla- 
ture which  may  produce  serious  results.  In  some 
nurseries  we  could  name,  we  have  pointed  out  the 
error  but  without  result.  Ed  ] 

Flowers  out  of  Season.— Among  the  marvels  of 
this  wonderful  age  not  one  of  the  least  is  October 
Laburnums.  Comments  have  been  made  thereon  of 
late  in  the  Daily  News,  &c.  From  Cambridgeshire 
and  Bermondsey  this  prodigy  has  been  noted.  It  is 
more  marvellous  that  on  the  ridge  of  ;he  Cotswold 
IIil's,  in  a  parish  nearly  600  feet  above  sea  level. 
Laburnum  should  still  be  in  blossom.  I  have  in  my 
garden  a  young  Laburnum  tree  planted  last  autumn, 
with  blossoms  hanging  side  by  side  with  the  last 
summer's  sced-pcds  ;  ard  an  old  Laburnum  tree, 
forming  an  arch«ay  over  a  collage  garden  gate  hare! 
by,  presents  Ihe  same  appearance.  The  old  legend 
of  a  dealh  happening  in  the  family  when  flower  and 
fruit  hang  side  by  side  may  be  superstitious  (though 
verified  to  my  knowledge  in  1S64  by  a  Pear  tree  in 
Wiltshire),  but  the  fact  is  curious.  I  have  aho  in  my 
garden  now  (October  27)  a  Strawberry  plant  in 
blossom,  and  a  fine  Strawberry  quite  red  and  well- 
nigh  ripe  for  eating.  These  are  strange  marvels  of 
the  autumn  ol  1SS6.  Will  some  one  wise  in  the  life 
of  trees  and  plants  give  some  scienlific  reason  for 
these  October  Laburnums  blossoming,  and  fruit- 
bearing  plants,  &c.  ?  Is  it  merely  the  result  of  mild- 
ness of  season  ?  Is  it  only  a  marvellous  freak  of 
Nature?  Is  it  the  world  is  getting  turned  topsy- 
turvy? Is  it  the  classical  "Monstrum  in  forme 
ingens  cui  lumen  ademptum  ? "  Whatsoever  it  is 
will  these  same  trees  and  plants  blossom  again 
and  bring  forth  fruit  in  their  season  next  spring  ? 
This  is  an  interesting  present  enquiry  and  future 
outlook.  Arthur  Blontfiehl,  Beverstoti  Rectory,  near 
Tetbiiry,.  [In  the  case  of  the  Laburnum  the  new 
flowers  are  produced,  as  in  a  Rose,  on  Ihe  new  shoots 
of  the  year,  instead  of  on  "spurs."  In  other  cases 
second  flowering  is  merely  an  anticipation  of  string. 
Ed.] 

Lespedeza  striata.— It  is  a  mistake  to  say  tha 
Lespedeza  striata  is  indigenous  to  most  parts  of  North 
America.  It  is  a  Chinese  and  Japanese  plant,  which 
came  to  Ihe  United  States  nobody  knows  how,  but 
not  many  years  ago,  but  has  now  spread  wonderfully 
in  the  Southern  Uuited  Stales.  A.  G. 

Bouvardias  Turned  Out.— I  do  not  mean  by 
this  that  they  are  turned  out  during  the  summer 
months  only,  but  during  their  flowering  season  from 
the  time  they  are  lifted  from  the  open  ground  and 
transferred  into  heated  pits.  Having  adopted  the 
practice  for  several  seasons  with  every  success  for  ihe 
supply  of  cut  bloom,  we  can  recommend  it  with  con- 
fidence. Our  usual  way  is  to  lift  them  with  a  good 
ball  and  transfer  them  from  the  open  ground  into  a 
pit  that  has  previously  been  used  for  Melons  ;  the  soil 
used  for  the  latter  will  do  for  the  former  with  altera- 
tions in  height,  &c.,  so  as  to  suit  the  incoming  plants  ; 
about  6  inches  from  the  glass  at  the  lime  of  planting 
will  allow  sufficient  space  for  growth  and  flower.  A 
thorough  good  watering  to  settle  the  soil  after  the 
planting  is  finished  will  be  needed,  then  with  occa- 
sional syringing  for  a  few  days,  and  not  much  air,  the 
plants  will  soon  take  kindly  to  their  new  quarters. 
When  fairly  established  more  air  should  be  given  ;  this 
will  prevent  the  plants  from  becoming  drawn,  and  at 
the  same  lime  will  aid  in  the  production  of  flowers  ol 
belter  substance  and  more  listing  properties  when  cut. 
A  liille  heal  at  all  times  in  the  pipes  will  dispel  super- 
fluous mixslure  and  maintain  a  growing  atmosphere. 
Af^er  Christmas,  or  as  soon  as  the  plants  have  ceased 
to  give  a  good  return,  they  will  be  liffcd  again,  the 
b.ills  reduced,  and  the  growths  pruned  hard  tjack,  and 
most  of  them  potted  into  6-inch  pots.  The  young 
shoots  afterwards  made  in  a  moderate  heat,  will  yield 
excellent  cuttings  if  needed  to  maintain  the  slock  at 
the  required  standard.  If  not  so  needed  the  shoots 
should  be  pinched  occasionally,  and  nice  bushy  plants 
will  be  the  result  ;  these  wiih  care  in  hardening  off 
can  be  turned  out  early  in  June.  All  that  is  then 
needed  to  ensure  success  is  immunity  from  insects, 
occasional  watering  as  needed,  and  frequent  pinching 
of  the  shoots  up  10  Ihe  middle  of  August,  to  secure 
a  return  in  flowers  from  the  pits  during  the  following 
October,  November,  and  December,  after  which  early 
forced  flowers  from  other  sources  will  be  a  welcome 
change.    J.  Hudson. 

Hybridised  Daffodil  Seeds.— Oneof  our  nursery, 
men  has  been  advertising  for  sale  "Surplus  supplies 
of  hybridised  Daffodil  seed,"  and  on  p.  535  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  speaks  of  it  as  "  ihe  seed 
offered  by  me,  I  believe,  for  the  first  time  in  England," 
adding  that  he  has  tried  to  effect  this  (hybridising) 
with  the  brush  aided  by  the  bees  ;  also,  that  he  fears 
the  results  will  be  lost  to  science.  Brushes  and  bees 
would  indeed  be  valuable  friends  to  a  gardener,  if 


they  would  justify  him  in  selling  all  the  Daffodil  seed 
ripened  in  his  garden  at  a  high  price.  Crossing  Daffo- 
dils is  an  art  on  which  some  of  us  have  long  been  making 
experiments,  but  few  of  us  would  veniure  to  feel  sure 
that  a  cross  had  been  effected  because  seed  ripened  on  a 
flower  which  had  been  brushed  with  a  hair  pencil  con- 
taining the  pollen  of  another  flower  ;  still  less  to  pro- 
mise the  particular  cross  which  had  been  effected  in  this 
way  "aided  by  the  bees."  If  the  raiser  will  wait, 
as  most  of  us  are  content  to  do,  till  his  supposeel 
hybrids  flower  before  announcing  them,  there  is  little 
fear  Ihey  will  be  lost  to  science.  As  regards  Ihe 
scienlific  aspect  of  the  subject,  it  is  certain  that  under 
favourable  conditions  several  distinct  species  of  Nar- 
cissus may  either  spontaneously  or  artificially  be 
crossed  wiih  one  another.  Many  such  hybrids  have 
been  found  wild,  and  they  are  slill  more  likely  to  be 
produced  in  gardens.  For  example,  N.  Pseudo- 
Narcissus,  wherever  it  is  found  at  elevations  sufiicient 
to  retard  its  flowering  till  the  season  of  N.  poeticus, 
so  that  the  two  are  in  flower  in  the  same  place  simul- 
taneously, makes  crosses  with  it,  and  the  flowers  of 
these  hybrids  vary  one  with  another  in  form.  In  the 
Pyrenees,  however,  where  I  have  collected  them  in 
spots  where  these  two  species  have  flowered  together 
probably  for  many  centuries,  the  proportion  of  hybrids 
to  the  normal  flowers  ol  the  species  is  not  more  than 
one  in  a  thousand  ;  and  we  may  fairly  infer  that  this 
represents  the  proportion  of  hybridised  seed.  Crosses 
have  been  found  also  amongst  N.  Bulbocodium, 
N.  triandrus,  and  some  others,  though  less  frequent, 
perhaps  because  the  ground  where  they  flower 
together  has  been  less  carefully  searched.  But  Mr. 
A.  Tail  has  found  several  such  hybrids  in  Portugal, 
some  of  which  are  preserved,  I  believe,  in  the  her- 
barium of  the  University  of  Coimbra  ;  ohers  flowered 
in  my  garden  last  spring,  and  are  likely  to  flower 
there  again.  We  may  therefore  hope  for  new  crosses 
from  gardens  where  many  varieties  of  Narcissus  are 
grown  together.  C.  Wolley  Dod,  Edge  Hall,  Malpas, 
Oct.  23. 

A  New  Plant-protecting  Material.— Just  a  word 
in  corroboration  of  Mr.  Budd's  remarks  respecling 
Messrs.  B.  Eldy  &  Co. 's  dressed  canvas.  Like  your 
correspondent  we  had  a  length  made  to  cover  a  range 
of  pits  in  which  we  forced  such  plants  as  Azaleas, 
Deulzias,  Spiraeas,  and  Lily  of  the  Valley  in  the 
winter  months,  and  which  it  was  necessary  to  keep 
rather  warm.  The  dressed  canvas  was  nailed  on  two 
strips  of  boards  on  which  it  was  rolled  off  and  on 
every  morning  and  evening  the  whole  of  last  win'er, 
and  was  also  used  for  covering  the  earliest  batch  of 
Melons,  and  I  must  add  it  has  answered  my  every 
expectation.  It  carries  off  all  water,  and  is  imper- 
vious even  to  snow,  which  thaws  and  runs  off  leaving 
the  canvas  comparatively  dry,  and  presenting  a 
striking  contrast  to  the  saturated  and  heavy  mats 
which  we  used  to  have  to  remove  after  a  stormy  night. 
I  have  this  day  brought  out  our  sheet  of  dressed 
canvas  for  use  again,  and  it  looks  none  the  worse  for 
six  months'  wear.     C.  Warden. 

Fuchsia  corymbiflora. — As  this  Fuchsia  is  just 
now  receiving  some  attention,  permit  me  to  sta'e  that 
a  coloured  illustration  of  it  appears  in  the  FloricuU 
tnral  Cabinet  for  January,  1S41,  and  it  is  stated  there 
—  what  is  probably  not  generally  known — that  it  was 
raised  from  seed  by  the  lale  John  Siandish,  then  of 
Bagshot.  The  seeds  from  which  it  was  raised  were 
sent  to  Mr.  Siandish  by  a  friend  residing  at  Montreal, 
who  had  received  them  from  Cuscu  in  Peru.  It  is 
reported  to  have  been  found  growing  "  in  shady  situa- 
tions in  the  woods  at  Chincao  and  Muna  ;  places 
which  are  situated  northeast  of  Lima,  where  the  cli- 
mate is  much  more  temperate  than  in  Ihe  neighbour, 
hood  of  Mexico,  from  whence  we  had  F.  fulgens,  and 
consequently,  we  have  no  doubt  will  be  found  to  be 
more  hardy  than  that  species."  I  incline  to  the 
opinion  that  this  expectation  was  scarcely  verified. 
I  occasionally  met  with  F.  corymbiflora  in  gelling 
about  the  country,  but  it  is  not  grown  nearly  so  much 
as  it  deserves  to  be.   R.  D. 

Anthracite  Coal. — There  having  been,  concerning 
this  coal,  so  many  inquiries  in  the  different  gardening 
papers,  and  as  the  efficient  healing  power  of  the  fuel 
does  not  seem  to  be  generally  known,  I  ihink  a  lew 
remarks  from  one  who  has  regularly  used  it  for  more 
than  twelve  years  may  be  useful  as  an  inducement 
to  other  gardeners  lo  give  it  a  trial.  I  feel  certain 
that  Ihey  would  not  care  to  revert  10  ihe  use  of  coke 
afier  fairly  testing  anthracite.  I  know  I  should  be 
very  sorry  to  do  so.  It  is  not  applicable  to  all  kinds 
of  boilers,  but  appears  to  me  to  be  more  suitable  for 
the  upright  form.  The  largest  boiler  we  have  in  use 
here  is  an  Excelsior  boiler,  with  about  2000  feet  of 
3  and  4-inch  piping  attached  (half  of  each).  This 
boiler  consume?,  in  very  severe  weather,  nearly  a  ton 
per  week,  bul  hall  a  ton  is  about  the  weekly  average 
during  the  colder  six  months  of  the  year,  We  never 
do  anything  to  the  fire  between  5  o'clock  in  Ihe  after- 
noon and  7  o'clock  next  morning,  let  the  weather  be 
ever  so  severe,  as  it  is  not  required  ;  and  even  at  that 


November.  6,  iSS6.] 


777^^     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


599 


time  but  very  selJom,  for  the  pipes  will  be  nearly  or 
quite  as  hot  as  when  left  for  the  night.  Anthracite 
clinkers  but  very  little — not  a  quarter  so  much  as 
coke  ;  not  half  the  stoking  is  wanted,  but  it  requires  a 
little  management.  If  the  fire  is  wel!  clinkered  in  the 
morning  and  ngain  at  midday,  to  pass  all  the 
fine  ash  through  the  bar?,  it  requires  no  more 
attention  from  the  stoker,  except  to  put  a  su'- 
ficiert  supply  of  coal  in  the  furnace.  The  firi 
should  never  be  stirred,  or  the  result  will  be  disap- 
pointing, as  its  heating  power  is  greatest  when  left 
undisturbed.  If  by  any  chance  our  supply  of  the  coal 
happens  to  run  out,  and  we  have  to  send  for  a  few 
chaldrons  of  coke,  then  is  the  lime  we  appreciate  the 
good  qualities  of  the  anthracite,  for  it  is  no  joke  to  be 
grop'ng  about  half  the  night  putting  a  few  shovelfuls 
of  cuke  on  the  hres,  which  I,  as  many  more  of  my 
brother  gardeners,  have  had  to  do  many  times.  We, 
in  general,  have  a  litile  reserve  of  Welsh  coal,  as  used 
for  Hop  drying,  somewhere  about  the  estate,  and  that 
is  a  far  better  substitute  than  coke— at  least,  we  find 
it  so.  I  may  mention  that  we  get  just  as  good  results 
with  the  same  kind  of  fuel  from  a  smaller  boiler 
which  we  have  in  use.  I  do  not  think  Mr.  Rust  has 
said  one  word  too  much  in  favour  of  anthracite,  and 
feel  convinced  the  longer  his  experience  with  it  the 
belter  he  will  like  it  ;  and  I  am  quite  sure  the  young 
gardeners  who  have  to  play  the  stoker's  part  will 
welcome  it,  a  litile  regulation  of  the  damper  being 
all  that  is  required  in  the  evening  when  going  their 
rounds.  We  get  our  coal  direct  from  the  Welsh 
collieries  in  truckloads  ;  there  need  be  no  difficulty 
in  obtaining  the  genuine  article.  A.  Gifkins,  Barham 
House,  East  HoalhUy,  Sussex, 

A  Singular  Delusion— In  reading  in  the /w</f- 
pendent  the  Bishop  of  Winchester's  address  at  the 
recent  consecration  of  the  new  part  of  Soulhampton 
Cemetery  to  U5e  the  Bishop's  own  words,  "  One  of 
the  things  many  found  it  difiicult  to  believe  in  these 
days"  is,  that  any  educated  person— as  a  Bishop,  for 
instance,  is  presumed  to  be — can  publicly  reassert  as  a 
fact  long  since  exploded,  "that  seeds  buried  with 
Egyptian  mummies  for  not  less  than  3000  years  have 
risen  to  life  again,"  when  no  instance  of  the  kind  has 
ever  been  proved  from  indisputable  authority  to  have 
taken  place.  Another  erroneous  statement  of  the 
Bishop's  was,  that  "seed  buried  in  the  ground  died, 
and  continued,  as  it  were,  dead  for  the  time."  That 
is  not  so.  Of  course  seed,  if  bad,  rots,  but  when 
good  it  retains  the  vital  principle — life,  and  in  due 
time  germinates  and  brings  forth  fruit.  Instead  of 
seed  being  said  to  die  when  it  is  sown,  the  most 
beautiful  and  wonderful  arrangement  of  Nature  com- 
mences, for  seed  generally  consists  of  three  principal 
parts — the  testa,  the  albumen,  and  the  embryo.  The 
testa  is  the  outside  or  covering,  the  albumen  is 
situated  between  the  testa  and  the  embryo,  and 
supports  the  latter  until  it  can  develope  organs  to 
draw  nourishment  from  external  sources.  The 
embryo  is  the  rudiment  of  the  future  plant,  which 
again  consists  of  three  parts,  the  radicle,  the  plumule, 
and  the  cotyledons.  R.  [We  think  that,  as  far  as  the 
mummy  seed  is  concerned,  the  Bishop  was  in  error, 
but  the  remainder  of  the  statement  is  substantially 
correct,  for  the  seed  coat  and  the  perisperm  do  die  as 
Ihe  embryo  they  enclose  developes  itself,  the  embryo 
indeed  feeds  on  the  albumen.   Ed.] 

The  Tillandsia  (Vriesia)  Regina.— At  The 
Hollies,  Dringhouses,  York,  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Alderman  Close,  there  is  to  be  seen  in  bloom  a  plant 
of  one  of  the  finest  species  of  the  natural  order  to 
which  the  Pine-apple  belongs — viz.,  the  Tillandsia 
(Vriesia)  Regina.  This  particular  species  is  peculiar 
to  tropical  America,  and  rarely  Rowers  in  this  country. 
Mr.  Slater,  gardener  at  The  Hollies,  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated on  having  succeeded  in  blooming  this  rare 
and  beautiful  plant,  which  we  understand  has  been 
in  Mr.  Close's  possession  for  many  years.  W.  IK 
Hargiove. 

A  Large  Leek. — A  monster  Leek  has  been  grown 
in  Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Co.'s  nursery  gardens,  Rothesay, 
Bute.  The  blanched  part  measured  about  12  inches 
long  and  9  inches  in  circumference.  One  of  the  out- 
side leaves  stripped  ofT  and  laid  out  flat,  measured  no 
less  than  15  inches  in  breadth  and  about  3  feet  in  length. 
The  variety  is  Dobbie's  Champion,  which  has  carried 
off  first  prizes  at  several  International  Exhibitions 
since  1S73.    The  Buteman,  Oct.  30. 

Cornish  Moorlands.  -Truth  first  and  eflect 
afterwards.  The  anonymous  writer  of  the  pleasant 
liiile  article  under  the  above  title  in  your  last  number 
has,  through  ignoiance  or  from  a  wish  to  heighten 
effect,  committed  an  extraordinary  entomological 
eiror.  He  associates  the  Purple  Emperor  Butterfly 
with  flowers  of  Hemp  Agrimony,  ripe  Blackbarries, 
&c.  What  can  he  mean  ?  Most  certainly  not  the 
Purple  Emperor.  Fine  Purple  Emperors  in  Corn- 
wall, and  presumably  in  the  month  of  September  or 
October,  are  enough  to  lake  away  the  breath  of  any 
sober  minded  entomologist.  May  I  modestly  suggest 
that  he  intended  to  write  Painted  Ladies,  and  that 
bis  wicked  pen  wrote  something  eJse  ?  R,  McLachlan^ 


NATIONAL    CHRYSANTHEMUM: 

October  27. 

A  FULLY  attended  meeting  of  the  Floral  Committee 
of  the  above  Society  took  place  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
Westminster,  on  the  above  dale,  E.  Sanderson,  Esq., 
President,  in  the  chair,  and  a  goodly  number  of  sub- 
jects were  staged.  First-cUss  Certificates  of  Meilt 
were  awarded  to  Messr?.  James  Vcitch  &  Sons,  Royal 
Exotic  Nurseries,  Chelsea;  and  to  Mr.  J.  Martin,  gr. 
to  C.  N.  Kidd,  Esq.,  West  Hill  House,  Djirtfjrd,  (or 
Japanese  Chrysanthemum  Phcebus,  a  rich  pale  golden 
variety,  slightly  reflexed,  distinct,  and  a  good  acqui- 
sition. To  Mr.  Martin,  to  Mr.  Shoesmith,  Hythe, 
and  to  Messrs.  Henry  Cannell  &  Sons,  nurserymen, 
Stanley,  for  Japanese  La  Triomphante,  in  the  way  of 
Dr.  Macary,  blush  ground  shaded  with  light  pinkish 
lilac— large,  full  and  striking.  To  Messrs.  Henry 
Cannell  &  Sons,  for  pompon  Flambeau  Toulousaine, 
a  charming  well  formed  bright  lilac-pink  variety, 
pleasing  and  distinct.  To  Mr.  William  Owen,  nur- 
seryman. Maidenhead,  for  pompon  William  Bealby, 
blush,  a  very  charming  reflexed  pompon,  compact, 
excellent  form,  and  appar^intiy  very  free  ;  also  to  Mr. 
N.  Davis,  nurseryman,  Camberwell,  for  the  same.  To 
Messrs.  James  Veitch  h  Sons,  for  Buttercup,  rich 
gold,  recognised  as  a  reflexed  variety,  said  to  be  one 
of  Mr.  Alfred  Saber's  seedlings.  To  Mr.  George 
Stevens,  nurseryman.  Putney,  for  Japanese  William 
Stevens,  bright  bronzy  orange,  showy  and  pleasing — 
large  full  flowers.  To  Messrs.  Henry  Cannell  &  Sons, 
for  lar^je  Anemone-flowered  Cincinnati,  the  guard 
petals  deep  lilac-pink,  buff  and  yellow  quilled  centre 
— a  very  fine  and  distinct  variety  ;  also  for  Begonia 
Octava,  double  white,  with  pure  Gardenia-like  flowers 
of  fine  form — very  free  and  pleasing. 

Mr.  J.  Wright,  Temple  Gardens,  had  Japanese 
Gorgeous,  in  the  way  of  Peter  the  Great,  but  con- 
sidered to  be  of  a  brighter  gold  colour.  Messrs. 
James  Veitch  &  Sons  set  up  a  fine  stand  of  Japanese 
varieties,  including  Japanese  Ornements,  bright  cerise- 
red,  rather  small  as  shown  ;  Charlotte  de  Moot 
Cabrier,  delicate  blush-pink,  in  the  way  of  James 
Salter,  the  petals  not  so  much  twisted  ;  Irene  (Salter) 
a  refined  Japanese  in  the  way  of  Maiden's  Blush, 
very  pleasing,  and  promising  to  be  seen  again  ;  M. 
Weick  fils,  shaded  chestnut-red,  with  slight  tips  of 
gold,  one  flower  only  exhibited,  a  very  promising 
variety  ;  Janira,  in  the  way  of  La  Ville  de  Toulouse, 
a  fine  variety — Commended  ;  Mons.  H.  Elliott,  pale 
cinnamon,  promising. 

Mr.  N.  Davis  exhibited  blooms  of  what  he  con- 
sidered to  be  Temple  of  Solomon,  a  rich  golden 
flower  of  the  Christine  type,  when  fully  developed 
being  partly  incurved  and  partly  reflexed  ;  this  was 
Commended,  but  it  was  considered  doubtful  if  it  really 
was  Temple  of  Solomon.  Mr.  Davis  also  had  pom- 
pon Lilacce,  bright  purple,  lilac-exterior,  and  bronzy 
centre,  very  free  and  pleasing  ;  Commended.  Mr. 
Henry  Galton,  Shareford  House,  Winchester,  sent 
a  bloom  of  his  pretty  blu^h  sport  from  Bouquet 
Fait,  which  he  has  named  Marie  Louise, 
to  show  ihat  it  maintains  Its  character.  Mr.  W. 
Owen  had  Japanese  E.  G.  Henderson,  a  pleasing 
pale  yellow  variety  ;  and  a  bunch  of  his  new  hybrid 
Marguerite,  Cloth  of  Gold,  which  the  committee  wish 
to  see  again.  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons  showed  an 
excellent  collection  of  bunches  of  Japanese  and  pompon 
Chrysanthemums  ;  and  Precocite,  a  pretty  and 
compact  bright  chestnut-red  variety,  was  Com- 
mended ;  and  the  same  award  was  made  to  Mr. 
Davis  and  Mr.  H.J.  Jones,  Hope  Nurssry,  Lewisham. 
Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sonsalso  had  Japanese  J.  H,  Laing, 
delicate  blush,  with  pale  orange  and  gold  centre, 
small,  but  very  pleasing  ;  Madame  Roziin,  pale 
reddish  cinnamon,  the  reverse  gold — flat  as  shown, 
yet  a  promising  flower  ;  and  pompon  Creme,  blush, 
with  golden  centre — Commended. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  committee  is  to  be  held  on 
Nov.  24. 

EALING.    ACTON,   and  HANWELL  : 

Nov.  2  and  3. 
Held  in  the  spacious  Lyric  Hall,   Ealing,  on  the 
above  dates,  this  pleasant  suburban  show   was  pro- 
bably the  first  of  the  autumn  series  which  are  now  so 
plentiful  throughout  the  kingdom. 

Plants. 
These  were  shown  diversely,  the  most  striking 
being  the  large  groups  of  Chrysanthemums  arranged 
for  effect,  the  best  of  which  came  from  Mr.  Wigmore. 
gr.  to  F.  Hicks,  E^q.,  Eiling,  whose  plants  carried 
many  fine  flowers,  and  were  all  the  more  meritorious 
because  so  early.  Other  fine  groups  came  from  Mr. 
Balrd,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Daw,  Esq.,  Ealing,  who  was 
placed  2d  ;  and  Mr.  Fulford,  gr.  to  J.  Boosey,  E^q., 
Acion,  who  came  3d. 


Mr.  Wright,  gr.  to  —  Greenfield,  E^q.,  Hanwell, 
had  the  best  three  trained  plants  of  incurved  Chrysan- 
themums in  Queen  of  England,  G.  Glenny,  and  Mrs. 
Dixon,  fairly  good  ;  Mr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M. 
Nelson,  E-q.,  Hanger  Hill,  being  2J,  with  fair  speci- 
mens of  AbLc  Passpalia,  Empress  of  India,  and 
While  Venus. 

Mr.  Wright  had  three  dwarf  buihy  pompons  In 
Cedo  Nulli,  St.  Michael,  and  Sir  Justin  ;  Mr.  Chad- 
wick being  2d,  with  taller  specimens  of  S'eur  Melanle, 
Fremy,  and  Mrs.  Asiie.  With  a  single  specimen 
of  incurved  Mr.  Wright  was  1st  with  a  good  Mr?. 
Dixon  ;  Mr.  Chadwick  coming  2d,  with  Peter  the 
Great. 

In  the  same  class,  for  pompons,  Mr.  Fulford  took 
1st  place  with  a  large  bush  of  Soeur  Melanie  ;  Mr. 
Wright  came  next,  with  a  good  golden  MdUe. 
Marthe. 

The  finest  specimen  Japanese,  a  capi'ally  bloomed 
broad  bush  of  Hiver  Fleur,  came  from  Mr.  Wrigh'. 

Oi  miscellaneous  groups  of  plants  was  a  fine 
and  most  effectively  arranged  bench  of  Ferns  from 
Mr.  Fountain,  gr.  to  Miss  Wood,  Hanger  Hill  ;  a 
really  beautiful  collection  of  decorative  plants  from 
Gunnersbury  Park,  sent  by  Mr.  Roberts,  and  com- 
prising Chrysanthemums,  Azaleas,  Tree  Carnations, 
Heaths,  Calanihes,  Cypripediums,  Scabious,  &c., 
with  Crolons,  Ferns,  and  other  foliage  plants.  This 
collection  occupied  a  prominent  place  on  the  raised 
platform.  An  efficlive  group  of  decorative  plants 
came  from  Mr.  Passey,  gr.  to  T.  Nye,  Esq  ,  Ealing  ; 
and  from  Mr.  Rideau  came  a  good  plant  of  Chrysan- 
themum Maximum  in  bloom,  and  a  box  of  charmingly 
coloured  Primroses  in  good  bloom. 

Cut  Flowers. 

These  made  a  good  display,  and  although  not  fully 
developed,  y^t  many  were  exceptionally  good  for  the 
early  date  of  the  show.  Japanese  blooms  were  in 
stTo.ig  force,  the  best  stand  of  twelve  coming  from 
Mr.  E.  Long,  gr.  to  E.  Ridge,  Esq.,  a  new  exhi- 
bitor, who  had  capital  Elaine,  the  premier  bloom  of 
the  section  in  the  show  ;  Comte  de  Germiny,  P. 
Dilau,  Hiver  Fleur,  Meg  Merrilies,  M.  Astorg,  and 
Madame  Andlguier,  all  excellent  in  the  stand.  Next 
came  Mr.  Stanton,  gr.  to  H.  Smith,  Esq.,  Chlswick, 
with  Madame  de  Sevln,  Madame  Feral,  Bjule  d'Or, 
Triomphe  du  Nord,  &c. 

With  six  blooms  of  Japanese,  Mr.  Hudson,  gr.  to 
H.  J.  Atkinson.  Esq.,  M.P.,  was  1st,  with  fine 
flowers,  set  up  on  tall  stems,  without  cups  or  other 
aids  ;  these  were  Madame  de  Sevin,  Tilomphe  du 
Nord,  Incomparable,  Fulton,  Elaine,  and  Madams 
C.  Andiguier.  Mr.  Mllsom,  gr.  to  W.  Lindell,  Esq  , 
Ealing,  was  2J,  his  blooms  being  somewhat  squat 
in  the  box. 

Turning  to  incurved  flowers,  the  best  twelve  blooms 
came  from  Mr.  Davis,  gr.  to  H.  G.  Lake,  E'q., 
Chiswick,  who  had  capital  blooms  of  Golden  Empress 
and  White  Empress,  Qaeen  of  England,  Alfred 
Salter,  Jeanned'Arc,  Angelina,  Prince  Alfred,  and  Lord 
Wulscley.  The  Empress  of  India  in  this  stand  was 
the  premier  incurved  flower  in  the  show.  Mr.  Long 
had  larger  but  less  perfect  blooms ;  Prince  Alfred, 
Jarilin  des  Plantes,  Beethoven,  Venus,  and  Faust 
were  amongst  his  best. 

Mr.  Milsom  had  the  best  nine  blooms. 

Mr.  Collyer  had  the  best  six  blooms,  having  fine 
Lord  Wolseley,  John  Salter,  and  Queen  of  England. 

Pompon  flowers  made  a  fine  show,  being  well  out 
and  remarkably  good.  In  the  class  for  twelve 
bunches,  Mr.  >Iilsnm  was  1st. 

In  a  class  fur  twelve  trebles,  the  blooms  being  very 
fine,  Mr.  Collyer  was  ist,  having  fine  flowers  of 
Prince  of  Orange,  La  Parnasse,  Madame  Mar>he,  St. 
Rlas,  Miss  Wlieeler  ;  Mr.  Passey  came  2 1  with  capital 
blooms  of  Toussaint  Maurinet,  St  Rias,  Mr.  Holmes, 
Rose  d'Amour,  Fremy,  &c. 

Mr.  R.  Dean  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  six  pom- 
pons, having  very  good  flowers. 

Only  two  bouquets  were  shown,  the  best,  white 
ground,  dressed  with  bronzey-red  and  crimson 
flowers,  aud  Maidenhair  Ferns,  came  from  Mr, 
Baird — Mr.  Chadwick  having  the  other,  composed 
entirely  of  white  flowers. 

01  other  flowers,  Mr.  Hudson  had  a  big  box  of 
twenty-four  varieties,  and  was  1st  in  the  class  for  six 
bunches,  with  Stephanotis,  Dlpladenia  amabilis, 
Lapageria  rosea  and  L.  alba,  Vanda  tricolor,  and  Pas- 
sirtora  quadrangularis.  Mr.  Balrd,  who  came  2d, 
had  some  beautiful  white  Camellias  in  his  lot.  Mrs. 
H.  B.  Smith,  Ealing,  had  a  new  style  of  basket  with 
an  elevated  base,  termed  The  Gleaner,  most  effect- 
ivedy  dressed  with  Bramble  leaves  and  yellow,  buff, 
bronze,  and  red  Chrysanthemums,  to  be  in  character 
with  the  foliage,  also  some  elegant  spray  of  Safrano 
rosebuds  and  Plelone  flowers.  A  curious  contribu- 
tion was  a  box  of  bright  single  Dahlia  blooms,  sent 
by  Mr.  Fountain. 

Fruit. 

The  best  Grapes  came  from  Gunnersbury  House 
Gardens  in  Mr.  Hudson's  usual  fine  form,  the  three 
bunches  shown  comprising  two  fine  Black  Alicante 
and  one  of  Alnwick  Seedling.     Mr.  Baird  came  next 


6oo 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NoVfMBEK   6,    1886. 


with  two  good  Alicantes  and  one  of  Bowood  Muscat, 
and  Mr.  Milsom  was  3d,  with  fine  berried  Lady 
Downe's. 

Pears  were  excellent,  the  best  three  dishes  coming 
from  Mr.  Garlandroy,  gr.  to  C.  B.  Bingley,  Esq., 
Greenford.  who  had  good  Beurru  Diel,Van  Mons,  and 
Pitmaston  Duchess.  Mr.  Milsom  was  2d,  with  excel- 
lent Beurre  Bachelier,  Beurre  Diel,  and  Pitmaston 
Duchess. 

Of  dessert  Apples,  Mr.  Hudson  had  the  best  in 
handsome  Gravenstein,  Scarlet  Nonpareil,  and  Ribston 
Pippin  ;  Mr.  Wright  was  2d,  and  Mr.  Chadwick  3d, 
with  kitchen  Apples — all  capital  samples. 

Mr.  Chadwick  was  1st  with  good  Wellington, 
Emperor  Alexander,  and  Minchul  Crab  ;  Mr.  Hudson 
had  Blenheim  Pippin,  Pomona,  and  Golden  Noble. 

Mr.  Hudson  sent  a  collection  of  sixteen  dishes  of 
Apples  and  Pears.  Mr.  Garlandroy  put  up  a  collec- 
tion of  forty  dishes,  and  from  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Sons 
came  a  collection  of  tine  samples  of  Apples — in  all 
sixty  dishes,  such  kinds  as  Warner's  King,  Beauty 
of  Kent,  Pomona,  Stirling  Castle,  Lord  Derby,  Mere 
de  Menage,  and  others  being  remarkably  good. 

Vegetables. 

The  best  collections  of  these  came  from  Messrs. 
Fountain,  Milsom,  and  Simmons,  Ealing — all  good 
samples. 

For  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  prizes  for  four  dishes 
of  Potatos,  there  were  seventeen  competitors,  the 
samples  from  Charles  Taxgood,  Mr.  Chadwick,  J. 
Farndon,  and  others,  were  exceptionally  good. 
London  Hero,  Schoolmaster,  Snowdrop,  Vicar  of 
Lalehara,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  and  Duke  of  Albany, 
were  specially  good. 

In  the  cottagers'  classes  there  was  large  competition, 
their  exhibits  in  Carrots,  Parnsnips,  Onions,  Celery, 
&c. ,  being  specially  noticeable. 

There  were  some  twenty-six  dishes  shown  in  the 
two  classes  for  boiled  Potatos,  and  generally  the 
cooking  and  quality  were  first-rate,  some  ten  dishes 
receiving  awards. 


HIGHHATE,    FINCHLEY,    AND     HORN- 
SEY  CHRYSANTHEMUM  :  Nov.  3  and  4. 

Groups  of  Plants  in  Pots. — At  this  show  were 
several  very  fine  lots  of  Chrysanthemums,  especially 
in  the  cut  blooms,  some  of  the  collections  being  highly 
creditable.  The  show  was  lather  large,  although  in 
many  classes  there  were  not  as  many  competitors  as 
prizes  offered. 

The  best  group  in  competition  for  prizes  offered  by 
the  President  of  the  Society  was  that  of  Mr.  James 
Brooks,  gr.  to  W.  Reynolds,  Esq.,  The  Grove, 
Higbgate.  This  was  an  extensive  group,  and  in- 
cluded several  very  fine  plants,  and  was  composed  of 
about  equal  quantities  of  Japanese  and  incurved.  The 
arrangement  was  tasteful,  and  the  colours  well  blended. 
Mr.  T-  H-  Witty,  gr.  to  The  London  Cemetery  Com- 
pany", Highgate,  was  2d,  also  with  a  large  group  of 
good  quality. 

Mr.  W.  Theobald,  gr.  to  A.  Goslett,  Esq.,  J. P., 
had  the  best  six  trained  Japanese  plants.  They  were 
good  plants,  elegantly  trained,  and  very  even. 

For  prizes  offered  for  six  trained  plants  (pompon), 
Mr.  J.  Brooks  was  awarded  the  1st  prize  ;  the  flowers 
were  rich  coloured,  and  plants  well  grown. 

Three  white- flowered  varieties  were  exhibited  by 
Mr.  J.  Brooks,  who  obtained  1st  for  good  plants, 
Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey,  and  Lady  Selborne  being 
very  good. 

The  best  single  specimen  plant  was  Chinaman  (a 
Japanese),  from  Mr.  J.  Brooks.  This  was  a  very  fine 
plant.  Mr.  W.  Theobald  was  2d  ;  and  3d,  Mr.  B. 
Calvert,  gr.  to  G.  Kent,  Esq.,  Highgate,  for  L'Ue 
des  Plaisirs.     The  competition  here  was  very  good. 

The  best  six  incurved  plants  also  came  from  Mr. 
Brooks,  his  Mrs.  Dixon  (yellow  incurved).  Princess  of 
Wales  (incurved  blush)  being  very  fine.  Mr. 
Theobald  was  a  good  2d. 

Cut  Blooms. 

Bouquets  were  fairly  well  represented,  the  premier 
award  being  granted  to  Mr.  F.  Horsman,  gr.  to 
A.  J.  Reynolds,  Esq.,  Highgate,  for  a  light  arrange- 
ment. Mr.  W.  Theobald  received  2d  for  better 
flowers,  but  not  so  lightly  set  up.  Table  decorations 
were  also  good. 

Twelve  cut  reflexed  blooms.  -1st,  Mr.  W.  Theo- 
bald, with  as  his  best  Dr.  Sharp,  King  of  the  Crim- 
sons, and  Emperor  of  China. 

For  twenty-four  cut  blooms  Mr.  W.  Theobald  was 
1st,  with  good  blooms  of  Elaine,  Refulgens,  La 
France,  &c.;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Brooks,  with  Maid  of 
Guernsey  and  Madame  Clemence  Audiguier,  &c. 

Mr.  Brooks  was  1st  for  twenty-four  Japanese 
blooms  with  Madame  C.  Andiguier,  Fair  Maid  of 
Guernsey,  Elaine,  &c.:  2d,  Mr.  W.  Theobald,  with 
Carmen,  Peter  the  Great,  &c. ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  Brittain, 
gr.  to  F.  Reckitt,  Esq.,  J. P.,  Highgate.  In  this 
and  in  the  former  class  the  stands  were  of  excellent 
quality. 


For  twelve  large  Anemone-flowered  the  ist  prize 
was  given  to  Mr.  Theobald,  for  a  good  stand, 
including  Prince  of  Anemones  and  Fleur  de  Marie. 

For  twelve  cut  blooms  (not  pompons)  Mr.  Theobald 
was  again  1st,  and  Mr.  T.  Curyer,  gr.  to  A.  G. 
Meissner,  Esq.,  Ilornsey  Lane,  2d.  The  best  flowers 
from  both  groups  were  Criterion,  Comte  de  Germiny, 
and  Source  d'Or.  Mr.  J.  Halt,  gr.  to  T.  Reedpath, 
Esq.,  Ilornsey,  was  a  close  3d  in  a  good  competition. 

For  six  blooms  of  one  Japanese  variety,  Mr. 
Theobald  was  again  the  chief  prizeman. 

For  six  blooms  of  Empress  of  India  Mr.  B.  Calvert 
was  1st  with  good  blooms. 

Mr.  T.  Turk,  gr.  to  T.  Boney.  Esq.,  Highgate, 
had  the  best  six  incurved  blooms  (one  variety),  and 
Mr.  B.  Calvert  2d.  All  the  above  were  special  prizes. 
There  were  others,  but  the  competition  being  poor, 
we  do  not  regard  them  as  worth  mention. 

Open  Classes. 

Mr.  B.  Calvert  had  the  best  stands  of  thirty-six, 
the  finest  being  Elaine,  Bouquet  Fait,  Margot,  Queen 
of  England,  Lady  Slade,  Lord  Alcester,  &c. — very 
fine  ;  2d,  Mr.  Brittain,  with  good  flowers,  especially 
Japanese,  including  grandiflora,  Jeanne  d' Arc,  Source 
IrOr,  &c. 

In  all  the  leading  classes  Mr.  Brittain,  Mr.  Theo- 
bald, Mr.  Brooks,  and  Mr.  B.  Calvert,  secured  the 
chief  prizes  with  such  varieties  as  have  been  already 
mentioned. 

The  prizes  offered  in  other  classes,  not  for  Chrysan- 
themums, which  included  plants  and  vegetables, 
were  extensively  competed  for  by  cottagers,  &c.,  but 
we  are  unable  to  give  the  awards  that  were  made,  for 
they  were  not  published  when  we  left.  The  same 
may  be  said  about  the  Medals  and  Certificates  of  the 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society  which  were  at  the 
disposal  of  ihe  local  committee. 

Messrs.  B.  S.  Williams,  Holloway,  and  Messrs. 
W.  Cutbush  &  Sons  (Limited),  Highgate,  staged,  not 
for  competition,  one  group  each  of  foliage  and  flower- 
ing plants,  very  good. 

Mr.  J.  Douglas  staged  three  bunches  of  Grapes, 
Snow's  Muscat,  Mrs.  Pince,  and  Royal  Vineyard, 
which  were  also  creditahte. 


^GOTLAND. 

ORCHIDS  AT  OSWALD  ROAD,  EDINBURGH: 
JAMES  BUCHANAN,  ESQ. 
This  well  known  collection  of  Orchids  is  always 
worthy  a  visit  by  any  one  interested  in  these  plants. 
The  present  is  not  the  best  season  to  find  many  in 
bloom,  yet  the  large  number  of  interesting  species  and 
varieties  comprised  in  the  collection  renders  an 
inspection  both  instructive  and  delightful  to  the  lover 
of  Orchids  at  any  time.  The  perfect  health  of  the 
collection,  and  the  many  fine,  almost  matchless 
specimens  of  rare  kinds,  afford  an  amount  of  pleasure 
to  the  eye  of  the  cultivator  which  it  is  most  agreeable 
to  record  to  the  credit  of  Mr.  Grossart,  the  gardener. 

Amongst  those  in  flower  we  noted  a  grand  form  of 
Laelia  elegans  prasiata,  which  was  recently  pronounced 
by  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  to  be  the  finest  he  had  met 
with.  It  is  in  the  way  of  L.  e.  Turneri,  and  quite 
equal  to  that  variety  in  the  size,  substance,  and 
brilliant  colour  of  the  flowers.  Mr.  Williams  looks 
upon  the  plant  as  being  remarkable,  as  he  knows  of 
no  other  at  the  present  time  in  cultivation  of  the  same 
variety.  Cattleya  Schofieldiana,  a  rare  and  curious 
species,  was  flowering  for  the  first  time  in  the  collec- 
tion. The  figure  in  the  Orchid  Album  is  a  very 
faithful  representation  of  the  almost  indescribable 
colouring  of  this  very  distinct  species.  Laelia  elegans 
Lowiana,  a  very  fine  plant  of  this  grand  variety,  was 
in  bloom.  Vanda  ccerulea,  a  remarkably  deep 
coloured  variety,  was  showing  newly  opened  flowers 
of  great  size  ;  the  reticulations  of  the  veins  passed 
from  the  fine  sky-blue  of  the  ground  colour  into  clear 
violet. 

Amongst  others  in  Sower  were  a  grand  plant  of 
Vanda  tricolor  superba,  and  a  superior  variety  of  V. 
suavis  similar  to  Veitch's  variety,  V.  teres,  Pleione 
Wallichiana,  Dendrobium  Dearei,  Oncidium  sarcodes, 
the  latter  opening  splendid  spikes  from  5  to  6  feet 
long;  Cypripedium  Spicerianum  was  plentiful,  and 
imparted  a  pleasing  feature  to  the  stages  on 
which  it  was  displayed.  Odontoglossums  were  not 
plentiful  in  bloom,  but  a  very)  superior  O.  grande 
challenged  attention  ;  the  flowers  were  very  large, 
about  7  inches  across  from  tip  to  tip  of  the  lateral 
petals,  which  were  proportionately  broad,  and  the 
colouring  was  very  deep  and  well  defined.  Other 
excellent  varieties  of  this  species  were  in  bloom  also, 


but  none  that  could  be  compared  to  the  one  described. 
In  a  very  full  collection  of  very  healthy  Masdevallias 
we  observed  only  M.  chimera  and  M.  bella  in  bloom, 
along  with  the  very  distinct  and  rare  M.  macroura. 

Of  rare  and  unique  sorts  not  in  bloom  we  noted 
a  magniflcent  specimen  of  Laalia  purpurata  alba, 
4  feet  through,  showing  thirteen  grand  growths  just 
maturing  ;  Cattleya  crispa  superba,  4  feet  through, 
with  twelve  strong  growths  ;  Cymbidium  eburneum 
and  C.  e.  Dayanum,  both  very  fine  plants,  the  latter 
3  feet  in  diameter ;  Cypripedium  Stonei,  also  about 
3  feet  through,  a  splendid  mass  that  it  would  be 
difficult  to  match  :  this  plant  formerly  held  a  place  in 
the  renowned  collection  of  the  late  Mr.  Sam  Mendel ; 
Cattleya  crispa  Buchanani,  a  valuable  and  distinct 
form  of  this  species  that  originated  in  this  collection, 
and  was  named  after  its  owner.  Nanodes  Medusae, 
of  this  a  remarkable  plant  of  about  18  to  20  inches 
across,  with  very  numerous  growths,  was  very  not- 
able ;  Ada  aurantiaca,  a  very  luxuriant  plant,  with 
from  thirty  to  forty  growths  ;  Odontoglossum  vexil- 
larium  rubellum  superbum,  a  fine  plant,  and  believed 
to  be  one  of  three  only  of  this  form  known  to  be  in 
this  country  at  the  present  time.  The  plant  was 
bought  from  Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson  a  short  time 
ago  for  O.  V.  rubellum,  but  on  flowering  it  was  found 
to  be  the  true  superbum  form,  of  which  the  only 
other  two  verified  plants  are  in  the  possession  of  Sir 
Trevor  Lawrence  and  Mr.  Measures  respectively. 
Odontoglossum  brevifolium,  which  is  found  very  shy 
to  flower,  is  showing  four  strong  spikes  for  the 
first  time  in  this  collection.  It  is  worthy  of 
note  that  this  species  flowers  from  the  two- 
year-old  or  three-year-old  bulbs— never  from  the 
younger  ones.  The  closely  related  O.  coronarium 
has  the  same  peculiarity  as  regards  flowering  from  the 
older  bulbs,  but  it  is  less  shy,  and  has  flowered  in 
this  collection  before.  Two  fine  plants  of  Lycaste 
Skinneri  alba,  one  with  three  gigantic  bulbs,  the  other 
with  ten  smaller  bulbs,  were  recently  obtained  from 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  amongst  a  dozen  plants  purchased 
for  the  typical  L.  Skinneri — a  fine  stroke  of  good 
fortune  for  Mr.  Buchanan,  if  not  for  Mr.  Williams  ! 
Space  wi'l  not  admit  at  present  of  our  remarking  on 
many  other  noteworthy  subjects  to  be  found  in  this 
collection,  and  we  shall  finish  at  present  with  the 
mention  of  perhaps  one  of  the  finest  plants  of  Catt- 
leya exoniensis  x  in  the  country,  a  plant  with  four- 
teen fine  plump  pseudobulbs,  all  with  healthy  leaves, 
and  consequently  a  rather  valuable  possession  in 
itself. 

The  whole  collection  is  grown  in  glazed  pots,  with 
the  exception,  of  course,  of  such  as  are  grown  in 
baskets  and  blocks,  and  Mr.  Grossart  has  a  strong 
preference  for  them  over  the  ordinary  porous  pots. 
Judging  by  the  very  healthy  condiiion  of  the  entire 
stock  it  would  be  difficult  for  those  who  look  upon 
the  glazed  pots  with  disfavour  to  say  there  was  room 
for  improvement  here,  or  that  to  revert  to  the  use  of 
porous  ones  would  be  desirable.  A'. 


SEX    IN    PLANTS. 

To  American  botanists  mainly  is  due  the  credit  of 
the  discovery  that  whether  a  plant  be  male  or  female, 
or  a  fiower  on  the  plant  be  male  or  female,  is  a  mere 
question  of  nutrition.  The  primary  cell  seems  capable 
of  developing  an  individual  of  either  sex  according 
to  the  amount  ol  nutrition  it  assimilates,  and  this 
assimilation  may  depend  on  the  quantity  of  nutrition 
actually  at  command,  or  the  ability  of  the  cell  to 
profit  by  it.  In  Coniferous  trees  the  female  flower?, 
ultimately  the  cones,  are  only  borne  on  branches 
which  have  plenty  of  light  at  command  and  are 
endowed  with  vigorous  vitality.  When  these  branches 
become  overshadowed,  or  weak  from  age,  they  are 
given  up  to  male  flowers  only.  In  Indian  Corn  and 
similar  plants  the  ears  are  located  where  the  most 
favourable  conditions  for  nutrition  exist,  the  male 
flower,  or  tassel,  forming  merely  the  "tail  end"  of 
the  stalk.  Numerous  facts  of  this  character  have 
been  collected  closely  connecting  the  female  flower 
with  full  nutrition,  and  the  male  flower  with  a  more 
limited  supply  in  the  primordial  stages  of  their 
existence. 

European  observers  continue  to  record  facts  sus- 
taining these  views.  Among  the  latest  is  a  paper  by 
Hoffmann  in  the  Botanische  Zeihtng  for  1SS5.  He 
sowed  seeds  of  numerous  kinds  of  dioecious  plants 
closely  together,  so  as  to  give  little  food  to  each 
plant,  and  the  same  plants  thinly,  so  as  to  give  each 


November  6,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


601 


plant  nearly  all  Ihe  food  it  could  use.  Where  they 
were  thickly  sowed  he  counted  283  males  to  700 
females.  In  the  well-fed  lot  there  were  but  seventy- 
six  males.  In  our  own  country  the  common  Rag- 
weed, Ambrosia,  is  a  good  illustration  of  this  fact. 
In  a  Potato  or  corn-field  where  the  plants  grow  very 
strong  and  vigorous,  the  proportion  of  female  flowers 
is  largely  in  excess  of  the  male,  and  it  is  not  uncom- 
mon to  find  plants  with  nothing  but  female  flowers 
under  these  circumstances.  But  in  fields  where  grain 
has  been  cut,  and  the  Rag-weed  comes  up  in  thick 
masses  late  in  the  season,  and  nearly  starving  each 
other,  male  flowers  are  very  numerous,  and  some  are 
wholly  male.  Female  flowers  are  always  few  on 
each  plant.    Thomas  Mcehan, 


CAPE    BULBS. 


In  the  published  papers  on  Cape  bulbs  by  Mr. 
Baker  and  others,  the  great  distinction  in  vegetative 
habit  between  Eastern  Cape  and  Western  Cape 
bulbous  plants  has  been  ignored,  although  in  this 
differentiation  will  lie  some  of  the  cultural  difficul- 
ties experienced.  Thus  Ixias  are  all  Western,  and  are 
subjected  to  a  wet  cold  winter  followed  by  a  burst  of 
glorious  spring  or  rather  young  summer,  during  which 
they  flower.  The  Eastern  Gladioli,  such  as  G.  Eckloni, 
G.  carneus,  &c.,  experience  a  perfectly  dry  winter  and 
come  to  flower  late  after  the  rains  of  November, 
i.e.,  when  Western  Cape  Gladioli  have  run  their 
course.  Obviously  Westerns  fail  to  grow  Eastern 
bulbs  to  any  perfection,  and  vice  versd.  Also  such 
things  as  Cliveas  and  Vallotas  keep  slowly  grow- 
ing in  the  dead  season,  and  never  shed  all  their 
leaves.  Yet  Cape  bulbs,  genus  omne,  get  the  same 
treatment  from  the  average  gardener,  than  whom 
often  no  more  stolid  follower  of  routine  exists.  P. 
MacEwan,  Cape  Tinvn, 


Cfee  mmi\tx. 

STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  A7  BLACKHEATH,  LONDOA', 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  November  3,  1886. 


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+  49491 

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sw. 

J.63 

Oct.  28. — Fine  and  bright 

—  29.  — Slight  rain  in  early  morning  ;  fine  warm  day. 

—  30.— Thick  mist  in  morning,  and  overcast  all  day, 

—  31. — Slight  rain  in  early  morning;   dull  and  overcast 

throughout. 
Nov.    I. — Wet  till  1  P.M..  fine  and  bright  afterwards. 

—  2.  — Fine  till  noon,  then  a  lillle  rain,  and  fine  and  dull 

alternately  afterwards. 

—  3. — Fine  till  2  P.M.,  wet  and  dull  afterwards. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  October  30,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30. 10 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.27  inches 
by  9  A.M  on  the  25tb,  decreased  to  29.88  inches  by 
the  morning  of  the  27th,  increased  to  30  38  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  29th,  and  was  30. 16  inches 
at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.17  inches,  being  half 
an  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0,27  inch  above 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  62°  on  the  29th  ;  the  highest 


on  the  27th  was  49°.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  54". 6. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  42^.6  on  the  24th  ; 
the  lowest  on  the  25lh  was  47°  5.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  45°.3. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
16°  on  the  29lh,  the  smallest  was  3°.5  on  the  26th. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  9°.  3, 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were,  48°. 4  on  the 
24h,  49°.3  on  the  25th,  47°.3  on  the  26th,  46".3  on 
the  27th,  50°  on  the  28ih,  54°.!  on  the  29th,  and 
52° .6  on  the  30th,  These  were  all  above  their 
averages  with  the  exception  ot  the  27lh,  which  was 
o".6  below,  by  o°.5,  i°.8,  0°,  i,  3°, 3,  7°. 5,  and  6°.  i 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  49°.  7, 
being  o°.6  higher  than  last  week,  and  2°.  7  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  88°  on  the  29th.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
readings  was  67°.2. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  four  days  to  the  amount  of 
0. 17-inch. 

England:  7>«/«Mi/Knr.— During  the  week  end- 
ing October  30th,  the  highest  temperatures  were  6s°.4 
at  Cambridge,  64°  at  Truro,  and  62°  at  Plymouth  and 
Blackheath  ;  the  highest  at  Sunderland  was  54°,  and 
at  Preston  and  Newcastle  56°.  The  general  mean 
was  59°, 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Bradford  54°, 
at  Hull  37°,  and  at  Cambridge  39°;  the  lowest  at 
Brighton  was  46°,  and  at  Plymouth,  Sheftield,  and 
Leeds  45°.     The  general  mean  was  42°.3. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Cam- 
bridge 26°.4,  at  Bradford  22\8,  and  at  Hull  22° ;  the 
least  ranges  were  at  Sunderland  10°,  at  Sheffield  12°, 
and  at  Preston  and  Newcastle  13.  The  general  mean 
was  53°.8. 

The  mean  ol  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  S9°.7,  at  Plymouth  56°.3,  and 
at  Hull  54°.  9  ;  and  lowest  at  Shvffield  50°.  6,  at 
Bradford  5 1°,3,  and  at  Wolverhampton  SI°.6.  The 
general  mean  was  53°. 8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  were 
highest  at  Plymouth,  49°.4,  at  Truro  49°,  and  at 
Brighton  48°.  I;  and  were  lowest  at  Cambridge, 
43°.7,  at  Bradford  43°.8,  and  at  Hull  44°.  The 
general  mean  was  46°, 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Cambridge, 
11°,  at  Hull  10°. 9,  and  at  Truro  10°.  7  ;  and  least  at 
Sheffield,  4°. 4,  at  Sunderland  6^.3,  and  at  Brighton 
6°.  5,      The  general  mean  was  6°.  5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  53°.  5, 
at  Plymouth  52°,  and  at  Brighton  50°.6 ;  and  was 
lowest  at  Bradford,  46°. 7,  at  Wolverhampton  47°.  I, 
and  at  Sheffield  47°. 6,  The  general  mean  was  49°.2, 
Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  o  99  inch  at  Truro, 
0.9S  inch  at  Newcastle  ,  and  0.91  inch  at  Preston  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.07  inch  at  Hull,  0.12  inch  at 
Cambridge,  and  0.17  inch  at  Blackheath.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  O.51  inch. 

ScoTtxAND  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing October  30lh,  the  highest  temperature  was  60° 
at  Paisley;  the  highest  at  Perth  was  Sl°.9.  The 
general  mean  was  55°  8. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  32°  at 
Penh  ;  the  lowest  at  Dundee  was  42°.3.  The 
general  mean  was  39^.4. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
49°.8  ;  and  lowest  at  Perth,  46°.  The  general  mean 
was  48°.2. 

Rain.  —  The  largest  fall  was  0.65  inch  at 
Dundee;  the  smallest  fall  was  0.28  inch  at  Paisley. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.45  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  November  I,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  ; — The  weather  has  been  cloudy  or 
dull  generally,  with  several,  but  not  heavy,  falls  of 
rain. 

The  temperature  has  been  above  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  excess  ranging  from  2°  in  Ireland,  the 
"  Channel  Islands,"  and  the  notth-west  of  England, 
to  s°  over  north-eastern,  central,  and  southern  Eng- 


land, and  also  in  the  west  of  Scotland.  The  highest 
of  the  minima,  which  were  registered  in  most  place 
on  October  29.  varied  between  57°  (in  Scotland)  and 
65'  (in  "  England,  S.").  The  lowest  of  the  minimas 
which  were  recorded  during  the  earlier  days  of  the 
period,  ranged  from  29°  to  33°  in  Scotland,  from  30* 
to  32°  in  Ireland,  and  from  30°  to  43°  in  England. 
In  the  "Channel  Islands"  the  lowest  reading  was 
47°.  During  the  latter  part  of  the  time  the  minima 
were  high  for  the  season,  the  thermometer  at  many 
stations  not  falling  as  low  as  50°. 

Rainfall  has  been  a  little  more  than  the  mean  in 
"England,  N.W.,"  but  rather  less  in  all  other 
districts. 

Bright  Sunshine  shows  a  decided  decrease,  except 
in  "England,  S.W.,"  the  "Channel  Island,"  and 
"  Ireland,  S."  The  percentages  of  the  possible 
amount  of  duration  ranged  from  9  to  15  in  the 
"Wheat  producing  "  districts,  and  from  19  to  35  in 
the  "grazing"  districts,  while  in  "Scotland,  N.," 
38  per  cent,  was  recorded,  and  in  the  "  Channe 
Islands  "  41  per  cent. 

Depreseions  observed. — During  the  whole  of  this 
period  the  barometric  pressure  has  been  highest  over 
Sweden  and  the  Baltic,  while  towards  the  end  of  the 
time  it  became  relatively  high  over  Germany  and 
France.  No  depressions  appeared  immediately  over 
the  United  Kingdom,  but  during  the  earlier  part  of 
the  week  a  disturbance,  which  subsequently  travelled 
slowly  away  to  the  north-westward,  lay  over  the  Bay 
of  Biscay  and  produced  fresh  or  strong  easterly  winds 
on  all  our  coasts.  During  the  latter  part  of  the  period 
some  depressions  skirted  our  extreme  and  north-west 
coasts,  causing  fresh  or  strong  southerly  and  south- 
westerly winds  in  the  west,  and  moderte  breezes  from 
the  same  quarters  elsewhere. 


Law   Notes. 

Rating  Nurseries.— On  Saturday,  October  9, 
Mr.  Edwin  Bentley  Haynes,  proprietor  of  the  Penge 
Nurseries,  was  summoned  at  Croydon,  by  the  over- 
seers for  the  hamlet  of  Penge,  to  show  cause  why  a 
distress  warrant  should  not  be  issued  against  him  for 
the  non-payment  of  £i(j  \<,s.  6\,{.,  due  for  rates. 
Mr.  Haynes  contended  that  he  had  been  overcharged, 
the  Act  of  Parliament  clearly  stating  thit  nurserymen, 
florists,  farmers,  and  occupiers  of  arable  land,  should 
only  be  called  upon  to  pay  one-fourth  of  the  rateable 
value.  In  this  case  the  overseers  had  charged  him 
oce-fourlh  in  respect  of  his  land  and  plant-houses  for 
the  sewer  and  consolidated  rates,  but  they  had  de- 
manded the  full  amount  of  the  poor,  lighting,  and 
police  rales.  He  held  that  a  nurseryman's  houses 
were  quite  as  necessary  for  him  to  keep  his  stock  in 
as  a  cellar  was  to  a  publican.  At  Tottenham  a  caie 
was  fought,  and  the  justices  decided  in  favour  of  the 
florist.  He  would  be  glad  if  the  Bench  would  state  a 
case,  as  he  was  determined  to  have  the  opinion  of  the 
Court  of  Queen's  Bench  on  the  subject. 

The  Chairman  said  they  could  not  do  that.  They 
must  grant  the  warrant  asked  for  by  Mr.  Besley. 

Mr.  Haynes  :  As  the  matter  is  to  be  fought  out, 
will  you  kindly  allow  the  warrant  to  stand  over  ? 

Mr.  Besley  :  If  you  reply  you  can  take  the  matter 
to  the  House  of  Lords. 

The  warrant  asked  for  was  then  granted. 

Mr.  Besley  applied  for  costs,  but  the  magistrates 
declmed  to  make  any  order,  except  for  cost  of  sum- 
mons, viz.,  3^. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE. -Members  of  the  Trade  will 
oblige  by  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
Interest,  Cultural  or  Commercial  Sbort  notes  of 
dally  experience  are  what  are  most  useful. 


Adiantum  Sef.dling  :  E.H.  II.  .A  handsome  Fern, 
which  we  shall  note  further  hereafter,  but  shall  be  glad 
to  know  if  it  is  constant  from  spores,  as  on  that  de- 
pends its  value.  It  seems  to  have  a  good  deal  of 
Adiantum  cunealum  about  it,  but  the  fronds  are  larger 
and  taller,  as  well  as  different  in  composition.  There 
is  not  much  trace  of  A.  amabile  in  it.  though  it  is  to 
be  presumed  it  is  one  of  the  forms  now  regarded  as 
hyl3rids. 

.American  Oaks  :  H.  These  are  notoriously  variable 
and  multiform.  We  believe  that  of  the  two  you  send, 
that  with  the  longer  and  more  brilliantly  coloured  leaf- 
stalk is  Q.  coccinea  ;  the  other,  with  shorter  and 
duller-coloured  leal-stalk,  is  t,).  rubra. 

Chrysanthemum  Blooms,  :  C.  IV.  Coal:  and  others. 
We  cannot  undertake  to  name  florists'  flowers — let 
some  good  specialist  see  them. 


602 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886. 


Cinerarias  :  A.  Z.  Please  send  a  specimen  of  dis- 
eased plant  and  soil  in  which  they  grow. 

Clematis  to  Name  :  H.  E.  Send  a  flower  to  some 
specialist,  as  Mr.  C.  Noble,  Bagshot  i  or  Messrs.  J. 
Standish  &  Co. ,  Ascot,  Berks. 

Egyptian  Corn  3000  Years  Old  Growing  on 
BEING  Sown,  and  Corn  Growing  in  a  Man's 
Cheek  :  IV.  Rcid.  The  first  is  pure  fable,  and  is  an 
impossibility,  the  vitality  departing  from  the  seed  after 
a  few  years.  As  regards  your  second  question,  there 
is  no  doubt  of  fresh  corn  being  capable  of  germinating 
in  a  moist  part  of  the  body  where  there  is  access  of  air. 

EucHARis  :  /■■.  P.  We  cannot  find  any  mite  on  the 
bulbs  you  send,  but  nevertheless  we  strongly  suspect 
there  are  some. 

Fuchsias  :  J.  IV.  Both  specimens  are  forms  of  F. 
magellanica,  and  quite  distinct  from  the  true  F. 
coccinea,  figured  at  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5740.    W.  B.  H. 

Germination  of  Sweet  Brier  Seeds.— Layer  the 
haws  in  sand  until  the  spring,  when  the  fleshy  part 
will  have  decayed  ;  then  wash  out  the  seed,  and  dry 
or  mix  with  sand  to  prevent  it  slicking  together  if 
used  immediately,  and  sow  broadcast  on  a  deeply  dug 
piece  of  ground  in  a  warm  position.  Cover  the  seed 
with  half  an  inch  of  fine  soil,  and  keep  it  free  from 
weeds  by  hand-picking.  Some  plants  will  appear  the 
first  and  the  rest  in  the  second  year. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  G.  H.  Apple  Cellini.— /=".  T.  3' 
Dumelow's  Seedling  ;  4,  Warner's  King  ;  6,  Cellini  ; 
7,  Emperor  .Mexander  ;  8,  Cox's  Pomona  ;  9,  Blen- 
heim Orange  ;  10,  Hammond's  Jersey  Pippin.  Others 
not  recognised. —  \V.  Farrant.  I,  Franklin's  Golden 
Pippin  ;  2,  Betty  Geeson. — Pyrvs.  I,  Beurre  d'Amanlis; 
2,  Beurre  Bosc  ;  3,  Uvedale's  St.  Germain  ;  4,  Thomp- 
son's.— H.  Raymond  Barker.  i,  Thompson's:  2, 
Helliote  Dundas  ;  3,  Souvenir  du  Congre^  ;  4,  Glou 
Moryeau.— .4///-^  O.  Walker.  I,  Beurr(5  Clairgeau  ; 
2,  Brown  Beurre  ;  3,  Seckle  ;  4,  Beurre  Hardy,  true. 
— Albert  Butcher.  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey. —  VV.  Cut- 
bush  6*  Son. — Apple  Worcester  Pearmain. — yamcs 
Day.  Apples:  I,  Ecklinville  ;  2,  Emperor  Alexander, 
very  pale.     Rest  not  known. 

Slugs  :  R.  Boniface.  The  slug  you  send  is  the  Testa- 
cella  Mangei,  the  slug  with  a  shell  at  one  end  of  the 


Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  —  Letters 
relating  to  ADVERTISEMENTS,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  not 
to  tht  Editor, 

gg"  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-OfBoe  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
Journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

'AMES  Dickson  &  Sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester — 
Trees  and  Shrubs. 

EWING  &  Co.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hamp- 
shire— Roses,  Trees,  Shrubs,  &c. 

W.  Drummond  &  Sons,  Stirling  and  Dublin— Trees, 
&c. 

Howden  &  Co.,  Inverness  Nurseries,  Inverness  — 
Nursery  List. 

The  Liverpool  Horticultural  Company  (John 
Cowan),  Garston — Tea  and  other  Roses  in  Pots. 

T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm,  Tottenham— Roses,  Climbing 
Plants,  Ornamental  and  Fruit  Trees,  Hardy  Florists' 
and  other  Flowers. — Separate  List  :  Specialties. 

M.  Bruant,  Boulevard  St.  Cyprien,  A  Poitiers  (Vienne), 
France — Trees,  Shrubs,  Plants,  &c. 


;0MMUNICAT10>IS  RECEIVED.— O.  T.— T.  M.— W.  E.  D.— 
W.  M.-.\.  D.— F.  W.  S.— W.  C-  W.  J.  M  —J.  F.— W.  E. 
— F.  G.  T.-Dunkin.-J.  M.  M.— J.  T.  S.-R.  T.— J.  H.- 
T.  H.— H.  E.— L.  L.— F.  G.  T.— E.  P.— Prince  Troubetzkoy. 
— H.  E..  Ryde.— A.  G.— Professor  Henriques.— J.  V.  V. 
(with  thanks). -W.  W.-J.  V/.—T.  L.-J.  -VV.  W.-Wright's 
Boiler  Company.— J.  M.  W.— R.  R  —A.  S.  W.-S.  D.-Z. 


(gnquirits. 

"  //e  that  quistioneth  mmh  shall  learn  much'' — Bacon. 

Bees  in  Bar-frame  Hives. — Can  any  of  our  bee- 
keeping correspondents  inform  us  if  bees  in  bar-frame 
hives  rob  bees  in  straw  skeps  of  their  honey,  and  by  this 
means  accumulate  a  double  harvest  of  honey  ? 


COVENT   GARDEN,    November  4. 
Market  quiet,  with  heavy  supplies  generally.    Large 
arrival  of  St.  Michael  Pines  to  hand  at  lower  ([uotations. 
James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Pricks. 
r.  d.  s.  d.  \ 


.  d.   s.  d. 


body.  It  devours  its  fellow  creature;,  and  is  not  con- 
sidered a  gardener's  enemy. 
Names  of  Plants  :  C.  L.  Lardizabala  biternata.— 
R.  W.  The  specimens  you  send  seem  to  be  seedlings 
of  some  species  ol  Pinus  which  has  not  yet  produced 
its  characteristic  foliage.  We  cannot  tell  to  what 
species  they  belong. — Evelyn.  Tillandsia  zebrina  ; 
T.  zebrina  var.  acaulis.  —  G.  Flemwell.  Agaricus 
xm^TiO'1,'0.%.— Redwood.  A  Salvia,  of  which  we  will 
endeavour  to  give  you  the  full  name  next  week.  We 
should  be  glad  if  you  would  send  us  a  good  specimen, 
properly  packed  in  damp  moss  or  blotting-paper  in  a 
tin  box,  in  order  that  we  may  give  a  figure  of  it.— 
C  Smith.  2  and  3,  Aster  NovK-anghae,  two  varieties.— 
Nidis.  Bilbergia  Moreliana ;  the  Irid  is  a  Morasa— mate- 
rial too  incomplete  to  recognise  species.— A'.  B.  Lowe. 

1,  Anthurium  acaule  :  2,  we  do  not  identify  ;  3,  San- 
tohna  incana  ;  4,  Geranium  striatum  ;  5,  Aster  dif- 
fusvis ;  6,  Aster  macrophyllus.— G.  5.  The  plant 
appears  to  be  Gnidia  imberbis,  but  flowers  arc 
required  to  decide ;  propagate  by  cuttings  in  very 
sandy  loam.— C.  C.  Pleione  Wallichiana.— 7.  E.  i, 
Lastrea  serra  ;  2,  Polypodium  Catherina; ;  3,  Eugenia 
Ugni  :  4,  Myrica  gale  ;  5,  Oncidium  raniferum  ;  6, 
Dendrobium  bigibbum.— 7.   W.  I,  Nerine  und\ilata  : 

2,  Smilax  aspera  ;  3,  prob.-ibly  Jasminum  Sambac  ;  4, 
Aralia  sp.— y.  IF.  II'.  Ulmus  campestris  var. 
gracilis. 

Time  for  Potting  Pleiones  and  Cohilogvnes  : 
T.  Raymond.  The  best  time  for  these  Orchids,  ot 
whatever  species,  is  just  as  the  flowers  begin  to  fade. 
To.MATOS  Diseased  :  Salanum.  The  Tomatos  are 
infested  with  a  fungus  described  in  this  paper  by  Mr. 
Plowright  under  the  name  of  Dactylium  Lycopersici. 
See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  November  12,  i88r.  We 
know  of  no  certain  remedy.  The  diseased  foliage, 
stems,  &c.,  should  be  got  rid  of  by  burning.  W,  G.  S. 
Variegated  Black  Currant  :  R.  R.  Pretty,  but  we 

think  we  have  seen  as  good. 
White  Aphides  on  Tomatos  and  other  Plants: 
Comyn  Hill.  'Vou  will  do  better  by  using  a  solution 
of  tobacco-water  as  strong  as  the  plant  will  bear,  in 
which  a  little  soft-soap  has  been  dissolved.  What  are 
not  killed  outright  will  fall  on  the  ground  and  die 
there.  A  repetition  of  the  syringing  will  be  necessary. 
*,*  All  communications  intended  for  pubUcation  should 
be  addressed  to  the  ' '  Editor. "  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  ^nA  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  "the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 


Apples,  }^-sieve 

Grapes,  per  lb.  . ,       .       _ 

Kent  Cobs,  100  lb.  .  .65  o-  ..        —  St.  Michael,  each  16-66 

Lemons,  per  case    ..18  0-36  o    Plums,  J^-sieve      ..   09-; 

Melons,  e.ich  ..  i  o-  z  o  1 

Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 

s.  d.  t.  d.  s.  d.  s. 

green,    bunch  o  4- 


,  o  6- 


Artichokes,  perdoz 
Aubergines,  each  . 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb.. 
Beet,  red.  per  dozei 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb. 
Carrots,  per  bunch. . 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz 
Celery,  pei  bundle. 
Cucumbers,  each  . 
Endive,  per  dozen  . 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . , 
Lettuce,  per  dozen., 
PoTATOS  :  —  Kent  Regents,  8or.  to 
rv^iity  of  Hebron-  » 


Mushro- 
Mustard 


_,  punnet  .  - 
^.i.idCress.do.o  4-  .. 
unions,  per  bushel..  40-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-.. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  . .  40-50 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  o-  5  Q 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-.. 
Spinach,  per  bushel  30-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  09-  .• 
Turnips,  bunch  ..  04-  .. 
Veget,   Mar.,  each.,  o  3- 

:  Schoolmasters,  70J. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  per 

dozen  ..  -.6  0-18  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz.  ..  9  0-12  o 
Chry.'^anlh.,  per  do7.  4  o-i3  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracxna  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .         .  •  30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...  12  0-18  o 

—  hyemalis,  doz.  ..18  0-24  o 


Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 
s.  d.  s.  d.  s.  d.  s.  d. 


■  regei 

Euonymus, 
per  dozen 


.ans,doz.  8  .,  .-  . 
dozen . .  9  0-24  < 

..'6  0-18  ' 


Evergreens, 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  c^24 
Ficus  elastica  each..  16-7 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Marguerite       Dai^y, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  o-ia 
Mignonette, 

Myrtles,  per 

Palms  in  var.,  each 
"elargoniumn: 

let,  per  doz. 


Primula  sinensis.doz.  4  o-  1 
Solanums,  per  dozen  g  o-i; 


Cut  Flowbbs.— Averagb  Wholesale  Prices. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Nov.  3.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 


E.G.,  state  that  there  was 

1  the  seed  market  to-day. 

The  demand  for  winter 


Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane, 
scarcely  any  business  doing  or 
the  attendance  being  small. 
Vetches  is  not  active  ;  low  prices  still  prevail.  More 
money  is  asked  for  brown  Mustard.  Rape  seed  also  is 
dearer.  Notwithstanding  this  advance,  both  articles  are 
extraordinarily  cheap.  The  new  American  red  Clover 
seed  which  has  just  arrived  excites  but  litlle  attention  ; 
very  moderate  rates  are  accepted.  Canary  seed  firmly 
maintains  the  recent  advance.  Hemp  seed  continues  to 
tend  in  buyers'  favour.  Owing  to  increased  inquiry, 
higher  prices  are  asked  for  French  Buckwheat.  Haricot 
Beans  and  blue  Peas  for  boiling  are  now  well  worth  the 
money.  

CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Nov.  i. — The  trade  in  English  Wheats 
was  slow,  but  prices  were  firm  and  hardening.  Transac- 
tions were  quite  of  retail  extent  in  foreign  Wheats,  but  last 
Monday's  rates  were  paid.  The  flour  trade  was  slow,  but 
the  recent  advance  was  fully  maintained  both  for  EngUsh 
and  foreign.  Good  and  fine  malting  Barley  was  in  steady 
request  at  the  advance  established  a  week  ago.  Grinding 
sorts  were  a  dull  sale,  but  steady  in  value.  A  fairly  good 
business  was  passing  in  malt.  Egyptian  Beans  were 
rather  easier  for  buyers.  Peas  were  taken  off  with  a 
quiet  demand.  Maize  was  the  turn  dearer,  and  Oats  were 
firm,  with  a  tendency  against  buyers,  but  the  trade  was 
quiet. 

Nov.  3. — There  was  a  fair  attendance,  and  a  moderate 
inquiry  for  English  Wheats,  which  realised  quite  pre- 
vious rates.  Foreign  descriptions  met  a  slow  sale,  but 
were  upheld  in  value.  Flour  was  firm,  with  a  moderate 
demand.  Malting  Barley  sold  at  full  prices.  Grinding 
sorts  were  quiet  without  alteration  in  value.  Maize  was 
firm  on  light  suppUes.  Beans  and  Peas  met  a  quiet 
trade  at  Monday's  prices.  Oats  sold  at  full  prices,  and 
a  fair  advance  of  business  was  done. 

Average  prices  ot  corn  for  the  week  ending  October  30  : 
— Wheat,  30J.  3*/.;  Barley,  27J.  'jd.  ;  Oats,  zys.  jd.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year; — Wheat,  31J.  ^d.  ; 
Barley,  30J.  2J. ;  Oats,  igr.  2.d. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  4 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  ..  o 
Bouvardias.  per  bun.  o 
Camellias,  is  blooms  3 
Carnations,  12  blms.  1 
Cho'santh.,  12  blms.  i 

—  12  bunches  ..  4 
Dahlias,  12  bunches  3 

bunches  . .  ..  = 
Euchajis,  per  dozen  ^ 
Forget-me-Not,      or 

Myosotis.  12  buo.  : 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  : 
Gladioli,  12  sprays..  ] 
HelioUope.  12  spr.  c 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  c 
Lapageria,  red.  12  bl.  1 

—  \vnite,  12  blooms  : 


Lilii 


longiflo: 


>  bio 
Marguerites,  per  12 

bunches  . .  . .  3 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  1 
PeUrgoniums,  per  12 

trusses       ..         ..  c 

Primulas/ single,    1  = 

bunches  ..  ..  .i 
PjTethrums,  12  bun.  : 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  c 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  c 

—  outdoor,  i;  bun.  ; 
Stephanoiis,  12  spr.  j 
Tropaolums,  12  bun.  ; 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  ; 
Violets,  12 bunches-.  < 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  . .        . .  ■ 


FRUIT    AND    VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London):  Nov.  3.~Good  supplies 
of  all  kinds  of  vegetables  ;  trade  brisk  at  fair  prices. 
Quotations  :— Apples,  2J.  6d.  to  6j.  per  bushel  ;  Pears, 
31.  6d.  to  lO-T.  do.  ;  Spinach,  is,  6d.  to  2S.  6d.  per 
sieve  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  is.  ^d.  to  2s.  per  half  sieve  ; 
Cauliflowers,  5J.  to  loj.  per  tally  ;  Cabbages,  is.  6d.  to 
4r.  do.;  Greens,  is.  ^d.  to  21.  per  dozen  bunches; 
Turnips,  zs.  to  zs.  6d.  do.  ;  Carrots,  i-t.  6d.  to  zs. 
do.  ;  Beetroots,  zs.  to  zs.  6d.  do.;  Onions,  3?.  6d.  to 
4s.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  22J.  to  32J.  per  ton  ;  Mangels, 
17J.  to  igs.  do. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  2. — The  market  has  been  well 
supplied,  and  a  brisk  trade  was  done  at  the  undermen- 
tioned prices  :— Cabbages,  zs.  6d.  to  3J.  per  tally  ;  Savoys, 
3J.  to  4t.  do. ;  Cauliflowers,  zs.  to  y.  per  dozen  ;  Carrots, 
household,  30J.  to  35J.  per  ton  ;  do.  cattle  feeding,  23J. 
to35i.  do. ;  Parsnips,  is.  gd.  to  zs.  per  score;  Man- 
gels,  14J.  to  17s.  per  ton  ;  Onions,  80s.  per  ton  ;  Apples, 
51.  to  6s.  per  cwt.;  do..  King's,  ys.  to  8s.  per  bushel ; 
Celery,  yd.  to  gd.  per  roll ;  Watercress  6d.  per  dozen. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Nov.  2. — Of  inferior 
and  common  qualities  supplies  were  large,  and  for  these 
the  market  was  irregular,  with  lower  prices,  but  best 
qualities  were  not  so  plentiful,  and  had  a  tendency  to 
harden  in  value.  Quotations  :— Kent  Regents,  50J.  to 
looi. ;  Essex  do.,  50^.  to  85J.;  Early  Rose,  6oj.  t0  70J.; 
Magnum  Bonuras,  45J.  to  851. ;  and  Hebrons,  60s.  to 
95^.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London),  Nov.  3.— Trade  showed 
improvement  during  the  past  week.  Quotations ; — 
Essex  Regents,  70J.  to  80s. ;  Magnum  Bonums,  50J.  to 
70-r. ;  York  and  Lincoln  Magnums,  $os.  to  70s. ;  Regents, 
65J.  to  751. ;  Cambridgeshire  Regents,  S^s.  to  75.r.  per 
ion. 

.Stratford,  No7-:  2.— Quotations  ;~Best  Magnums, 
601.  to  70J. ;  do.  seconds,  451.  to  60s.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  34  bags  from  Rotterdam,  2  Harlingen,  1417 
Stettin,  809  bags  3  casks  Hamburg. 

HAY. 

Whitechapel:  Nov.  2.— Supplies  were  large,  and 
the  trade  dull  at  the  following  quotations :— Clover, 
prime,  88s.  to  100/.  ;  inferior,  70s.  to  8\s,  ;  hay,  prime, 
70s.  to  90J. ;  inferior,  30J.  to  65^. ;  and  straw,  27J.  to  36J, 
per  load. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  Nov.  2.— Large 
supplies,  and  a  very  dull  trade,  with  prices  tending  in 
favour  of  buyers.  Quotations  : — Clover,  best,  86j.  to 
looj. ;  second,  70s.  to  805.;  hay,  best,  75^.  to  855.; 
second,  50J.  to  70J. ;  and  straw,  z8s.  to  36.1.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  2.— Hay,  751.  to  84J, ;  Clover,  90J. 
to  95J". ;  and  straw,  29J.  to  33J.  per  ton. 


Government  Stock. — The  Stock  E.xchange  was 
closed  on  Monday.  On  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  con- 
sols were  quoted,  at  the  finish,  at  loi  to  loi^  for  delivery, 
and  loi^  to  soi^  for  the  account,  Thursdays  closing 
figures  were  as  on  the  previous  day  for  delivery,  and 
loij  to  loii  (or  the  account. 


November  6,  iS86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


603 


SUTTON'S 


20s.  Value 
Carriage  Free. 


BULBS. 


PRICED    LIST    POST    FREE. 


^jUftnufo 


(m 


ROYAL   BERKS   SEED   ESTABLISHMENT. 
READINO. 


Specialties  — Garden  Seeds,  1886, 
CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.'S 

WHOLESALE  LIST  of  their  SPECIAL- 
TIES in  NEW  PEAS  and  other 
VEGETABLE  SEEDS  is  now  ready,  and 
will  be  forwarded,  post-free,  to  the  Trade,  on 
application. 

A  Copy  has  been  posted  to  all  CHARLES 
SHARPE  AND  CO.'S  regular  Customers.  If 
any  have  not  been  received  they  will  be  glad  to 
be  informed,  that  another  may  be  sent. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SEED  WAREHOUSE,  SLEAFORD. 


H.CRNNEIIrhdSONS 

HO^AE:  OF  FLOWERS 

LARGEST.  BEST.  CHEAPEST  ANO  MO  ST  COWFUETE 
IH  EUROPE  -  StND  FOR  FV    CftTMLOGXSE 

SWAN  LEY-   KENT 


T 

2  feet, 


O  THE  TRADE.— Green  EUONYMUS. 

splendiJ,  well-grown  stuff,    i   foot,    I2i.  ;  lj<  foot,  165.  ; 
25J.  per  100  ;  very  strong  and  bushy. 
A.  U.  UORRINGE,  75,  'lerminus  Road,  Eastbourne. 


FOR  SALE,  Four  Dozen  OUEEN  PINE 
SITCKERS— well-rooted  ;  Stove  FKRNS,  PALMS,  and 
DRACAENAS,  &c.  ;  fit  for  table  use.  Also  CALADIUMS. 
Apply  to  HEAD  GARDENER.  Haverholme  Piioty,  Sleaford. 


DUTCH    BULBS, 

DIRECT  FROM   THE   GROWERS. 


ANT,  ROOZEN  &  SON'S 

CHOICE  FLOWER  ROOTS. 


OUR   GUINEA    PACKAGES 

OF  CHOICE   HARDY   FLOWER-ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardening,  much  enlirgcd,  now 

Collection  **F*'  for  Spring  Gardening, 

Contalniag  932  Bulba. 

50  Petsiao  Ranunculus. 
21  French  Ranunculus. 


35  Hyacinths,  di 
50  Tulips,  single  early. 
50  Tulips,  double. 
24  Tuhps,  single  late. 
20  Narcissus,  Polyanthus. 
30  Narcissus,  incomparabilis. 
24  Narcissus,  Poeticus. 
50  Anemones,  double. 
24  Anemones,  sinEle. 
400  Crocus,  in  4disliQct  colours 


50  Snowdrops,  single. 
24  Spanish  Iris. 
:ti,  Triteleia  uniflora. 
24  Gladiolus. 
4  Lilium  umbellatum. 
12  Scilla  sibuica  pr^icox. 
1 2  Choice  Oxalis. 


Collection  "C"  for  Indoor,  containing 

284  Choice  Bulbs  for  Pots  and  Glasses. 


Hyacinths,    18  in   i3  splendid 
named  varieties. 
4  Roman  Hyacinths. 

Narcissus,  double  and  single— 

Ic 

Dquils — 

Tulips,  single  early— 

6  double,  sweet-scented. 

6  Due  vanThoI,redandyel- 

12  Scilla  sibirica  (ptaecox). 

6     „     ,.     ,.     scarlet,  [low. 

12  Choice  Ixias. 

Tulips,  double  early— 

12      „     Sparaxis. 

6  La  Candeur,  pure  white. 

12       ,.     Oxahs. 

6  Rex  Rubrorum,  fine  crim- 

12  Grape  Hyacinths  (H.  bo- 

try  oides). 

6  Eranthis  hyemalis. 

100  in  10  fine  named  varieties. 

6  Snowdrops. 

Narcissus,  Polyanthus. 

6  Iris  Pavonia. 

12  in4fiQest  named  varieties. 

6  Allium  Neapolitanum. 

Half  of  either  of  the  above  for  los.  ed. 

The  above  Packaces  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Messrs. 
MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary-at-HiU, 
London,  E.G.,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  ol  Bulbsfor  I NDOOR 
and  SPRING  GARDENING,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CAT.^LOGUE  for  1SS6,  which  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.     ROOZEN    &    SON,      Nurserymen, 

OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM.  HOLLAND. 


CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOWS. 

CUPS,  WATER  TUBES,  TWEEZERS, 

For  Setting-up  Cut  Blooms  to  Perfection. 
THE  NEW   "JAMESON"  TUBE 

Being  placed  in  my  hands  by  the  Inventor,  I  can  now  supply  at 
a  trifle  above  the  cost  of  plain  tubes.  By  the  means  of  springs 
inside.  Cut  Blooms  can  be  instantly  fixed  at  the  required  height 
from  the  board.  /j,,;-^.  ^s.  dd.  ptr  dozen. 

CUPS  In  THREE  SIZES,  to  FIT  the  ' '  JAMESON  "  TUBE, 

Made  of  Zinc,  the  lim  so  bent  as  not  to  damage  the 

most  delicate  flower. 

No.  I,  2%  inches  diameter     ..         ..         ..     is.  gd.  per  dozen. 

No.  2,  2)i  inches        ,.  ..         ..         ..     ss.  ^d.  ,, 

No.  3,  2H  inches         ,,  31.  od.  ,, 

CHRYSANTHEMUM   TWEEZERS. 

IVORY,  for  dressing  blooms 2s.  6d.  each. 

STEEL. for pullingoutcentresanddeformed petals,  25.  6d.  each. 

EXHIBITION  BOXES  and  STANDS,  fur  safe  conveyance 

and  showing  Cut  Blooms.     Prices  on  application. 

EDMUND  PHILIP  DIXON, 

THE  YORKSHIRE    SEED   ESTABLISHMENT, 
HULL. 


JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.    PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 


LARGE      DESCRIPTIVE       CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Complete  Guide  for  Amateurs.     Gratis  and  Post-free. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  early  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,  E.R  H  S .   Calcot  Gardens,    Reading. 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS     on    application. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  lOETICULTURAI  BUILDERS,  NORWICH. 


Boulton  &  Paul's  PLANT 
F  It  A  M  £  S  are  always  in  stock,  ready 
to  be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  They 
are  made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  from 
the  best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  special  re- 
quirements, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  Frames  are  of  i^  in.  boards,  13  in.  high 
in  front,  24  in.  high  at  back,  and  32  in.  at  the 
ridge,  bolted  at  the  corners,  and  easily  taken 
to  pieces  if  required.  The  Lights  are  2  inches 
thick,  arranged  to  tiu-n  over,  front  or  back,  and 
provided  with  set-opes  for  ventilating,  and 
the  whole  painted  four  coats.  The  Glass  is 
English,  21-oz.  weight.  Packed  and  sent, 
CARRIAGE  PAID,  to  any  Station  in  England 
and  Wales,  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  London- 
derry, Cork,  Glasgow,  and  stations  equiva- 
lent.   Cases  are  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  74.— Three-Quarter  Span  Plant  Frame, 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Packing  Casee. 

Length.         Width.  Price. 

2-L)GHT  FRAME  ..    8  feet  by  6  feet;^4  12     6 

3  ,,  ,,         . .  12  feet  by  6  feet     650 

4  ,,  ,,         ..  16  feet  by  6  feet     800 

5  ,.  ,,  . .  20  feet  by  6  feet  9  15  o 
Smaller  Frames  are  made.     Lists  post-free. 

CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden 
Frames  in  every  variety  made,  Garden  Imple- 
ments, Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  everything 
required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds 
Post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  by 
appointment  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


From 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.O.O. 


1886. 
Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  '^^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £1  zs.  10^  ;    6  Months,  us.  ud.;    3  Months,  6s. ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £1  6s.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  is.  2d. 

P.O.O.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  Lofidon,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


6o4 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886. 


A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thouj^ands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw- 
biense,  hybridum,  and  all  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  i,  2,  to  3  feet,  beautitully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  doien.  hundred,  or  thousand,  on  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO.,  King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 

Kent  — The   Garden   of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,    MAIDSTONE 

(Kstablished  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 


with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
Sti  Gardeners'  CAro>tic/f  of  Sept.  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
ofTered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  ofifer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  EEFUSE. 

4<f.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  a  tons), 

ios. ;  4-bushel  bat^s,  4d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  51.   6d.    per    sack  ; 

S  sacks  f  5i.  ;  sacks,  id.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  22s.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  js.gd.  per  bushel;  iss.  per  hall 
ton,  36s   per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  4d.  each. 

VELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  II   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  6d.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Pnce  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S  ,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Pi 

Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    51.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221.  6ti. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..  4s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  lor  201. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    51.  6rf.       „       5  sacks  for  251, 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  Us.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD, bestonly  ..     (         (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  6a,  per  bush.,  i4!.half  ton,  141.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only 11.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8rf.  lb.    281b.  181. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  ,,         (SpScialil^)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  . .     51.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  61.  per  sack. 

CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 
all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  VeBetables,&c.  Tins,  II,  M. 
Bags— 7  lb.,  31.;  14  lb., 51.:  281b., 81-;  561b.,  141.;  icwt..22l. 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb  ,  31.;  28  lb. ,  51.  6rf. ; 
561b  ,  loi.  6d.;  1  cwL,  171.  I  per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  21.  6d. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  II.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gr.  ;  15  sacks,  13:,  ;  20  sacks,  171.  : 
30  sacks,  251;  40  sacks,  301.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
251.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,   E. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  luur  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  loi.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  21.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  Amtricin  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51  per  bag:  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  loi.  6d.  per 
bag.     SI  LVER  SA  ND,  coarse  or  fine,  r  )i.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 


THE  ALLUVIAL  MANURES 


f  \         are  made  from  a  peculiar  deposit  of  SEA-WEED, 

MUSSELS.    BONES,     FISH,     POTASH,    and     BLOOD. 
By  systematically  varying  the  mixtures  of  these  materials  a 
dozen  varieiies   of  Manures   are  produced,  each  compounded 
siiecially  to  suit  its  own  eroup  of  plants.     This  system  has  been 
tested,  apprtived  of,  and  adopted  by  leading  Gardeners  through- 
out Euiope.  ani  rhnuld  be  tried  by  all  lovers  of  plants. 
In  packages  from  one  pound. 
Prices  frcm  51.  "erf.  per  cwt.  and  upwards. 
Patticubrs  po^t-free. 

THE  ALLUVIAL   MANITRE    COMPANY, 

26,   MARK  LANE,  E.C. 


BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  i^,,  2s.  6/.,  5^.  €d., 
and  loj.  61/.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  13;.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills. 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


COLLYER'S  DRY  CONCENTRATED 
PURE  ORGANIC  MANURE. 

Jif/<prt  o/Ann^ysi's  r/a  Samfi/e  o/t/us  Manure/'yH. Meadows, 
Esq.,  M.B.,  Public  Analyst,  Leicester:— 
6  5  per  cent. 

The  organic  matter  contains  7.4 
per  cent,  of  Nitrogen,  equal 


Organic    Matter  76.4 


This  is  an  article  that  will  greatly  commend  itself  to  those 
who  try  it.  It  is  the  best  Manure  for  all  purposes  that  can  pos- 
sibly be  procured,  and  is  in  such  convenient  form  tor  using, 
being  perfectly  dry  and  sound  in  odour,  for  every  kind  of  flower 
and  plant.  We  recommend  it,  and  send  it,  slightly  carbonaied, 
when  its  effects  are  wonderj ut  and  durable  as  well.  Full 
particulars  in  Circular,  gratis  and  p-st-lree. 

We  have  decided  to  .^end  small  quantities  by  Parcel  Post,  at 
very  cheap  rates,  and  alter  Purchasers  have  tested  it  we  know 
more  will  be  waned,  when  we  will  put  them  on  very  br^t  terms 
for  quantity. 

Sample  packets,  nearly  i  lb.,  post-free,  91^.  ;    quarts,  ii.  6/.  ; 
half  gallons,  25.  dd. 

VICCARS    COLLYER    ft    CO., 

CENTRAL    HALL,    SILVER    STREET,    LEICESTER. 

Telegrams—"  Central,"  Leicester. 


E    P    P    S  'S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  againsc  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  a  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  15.,  3;,,  and  lof.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  ii.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 
T      BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 

*r  •  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials,  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  s.  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
B  \GS  and  SACKS,  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR. 
PAULINS  and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application, 
JA.MES  T.  ANDERSON,  149.  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 

B.    bTEVENS'    PATENT 

INVICTA     DRY     GLAZING. 

The  Best  and  Cheapest  System  for  all  kinds  of  Horticultural 
Buildings,  Skylights,  Studios,  and  Exhibition  Buildings. 
Plans  and  Estimates  Free, 
HORTICULTURAL    WORKS.    BROMLEV,    KENT, 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,  Manures.  &c       Cheapest  pnces  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 


pUPS,  TUBES,  BOARDS,  &c.,  for  Staging 

V_^  Chrysanthemums  for  Exhibitions  ;  Tweezers  for  Dressing 
Blooms.  Every  Horticultural  Requisite  supplied.  Catalogue  and 
prices  post-free.  — B.  FIELD,  F.R.H  S  .  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent 
Road,  S.E.      Telegraphic  Address—"  Floriculture.  London." 


F 


OR  SALE,   2    ARMISTEAD'S  PATENT 

HEWING  STOVES,  fiited  with  100  feet  cinch  Pipe  ti 
h;  nearly  new.— MACONOCHIE   BROS  .  Lowestoft. 


Russia  Mats— Bafiia. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all  qualities        RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
o-.her  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER,  JamesSt.,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


pHOICE     BOTANICAL     BOOKS 

V^  with  Coloured    Plates  tor  Sale  :— 

"  ANDREWS  HEATHS  "  3  vols. 

'•  ILLUSTRATED  BOUQUET,"  3  vols. 

"  LE  JARDIN  FRUITIKR  DU  MUSKUM  "7  vols 

"REPION'S  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING,"  i  vol.,  large 

paper.  All  splendidly  bound. 

For  price,   apply,  by  Utter  only,  to  BOOKS,  Gardeners' 
Chrmicte  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WATCH  CLUBS.— AGENTS  WANTED 
everywhere  to  Form  Clubs  for  Kendal  &  Dent's  cele- 
brated Gold  Medal  Wa  ches.  Members  pay  11  per  week  for 
Watches.  Clocks,  Jewellery,  Electroplate,  Cutlery,  Musical 
Instruments,  Optics,  &c.— Apply  early  for  particulars.  Illus- 
trated Catalogues,  &c,  (po.t-lreel,  of  KENDAL  and  DENT, 
106,  Cheapside,  London,  E,C.     Great  success. 


H 


oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  tor  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unpriucipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  ii.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  is  Sd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,  T}te  Ryleys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.-Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Str..t.   London   E.C.  :  and 


Rostier's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


'T"'HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

JL-  are  made  ii  maieiials  o(  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  th«y  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take   up   little    room,   and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"   Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  m  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FOXLEV'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS, 

Illu.trated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post,    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconie.1,  &c., 
from  3*.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elabnraie  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  far  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Rooting  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cemeut,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.   ROSHER  A«D  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.-Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  ir>  the  TraH*^ 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  leet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  1&-0Z-  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBGE    FABMILOE    &    SONS* 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
»ft.  St.  Jolm'a  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.G. 

Si9ck  List  and  Prices  o*i  affilicatton.     Quote  Chrottu-l^. 


November  6,  iS86.] 


T//E     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


605 


THE    NEW 


"DARLINGTON" 


GLASS   WALL-COVER 

la  Much  Cheaper  than  any  other. 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

North  of  England  Horticultural  Works.  D  ARtlKGTOM. 

THOS.   W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS  STOURBRIDGE 

^ — ^^'^•w^ —        The  Beat 
and  Quickest 
Hade. 


1    Expansion  Joint  Hot  water  P  pes    g  feet  loag    4^  yi  each 
4  in    Socket  Hot  water  I   pes   tj  fee    long    41  &d  each 
F  II  III  if    I     If.     IS   I  I  I   St  0     ap/,      U  o 


HOT-WATF  R     PIPES. 


NO  LOOSE  RINGS 

"  KICHARDSON  S  ■■   PAIENT   UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 
Ihe  mist  inexpnienced   can  fix  ihem      Soundness  of  Joint  a 

certairity.     Highest  testimonials  and  references. 
Estimates  given  for  all  Material  ready   for    Fixing,    or    Fixed 

Coraplece. 

"Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limitbd), 

Mansfiirld   Notts. 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers,  Vases,  Fountains,  Seats,  &c. 

London  Agent:    W.    SIMMONS,    ii.   Crooked   Lane,   EC. 

STOVES. 

Terra.-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal  ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &o. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  .STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria   Street,    Westminater,    S.W. 


TCLftSSHOUSES&ttEAT-mG: 


:B.WW30c-Ri^U;RST 


MlA,  BKAUTOBT  STKEET,  CHELSEA,  B.W.A^ 


"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuei,..^ 


S^^J^  CONSUMED    LESS    PUEL    X 
_  ,-^  PRODUOED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHEL  OP  FUEL 
^^0F  ANY  B6ILER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL  ISSi 

2  Won  FIRST  PRIZE,,JTHElOOOr^l 
'       ALSO    nRSJPRIZEiHTHESOOf.^T 

aSr=      1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE 'Sj. 
SjD''PF?eviol;s  a*'ARde.  16  prize  medals  s  diplomas 

LCMDON  I   5  REDCROSS    S'     S    VICTORIA  DRY  CLAWING  WORKS 
^FICE  (    SOUTHWARK  S'  ^^         HARLOW  .ESSEy  . 


C.     F  E  A  Z  E   E, 

Horticultural  Builder,  Norwich. 


IMPROVED  Three  quarter  Garden  FRAME 


Th 


Frames  of  the  kind  in  the  mirliet     Made  of 

hes  thick    painted  lour  coats  of  oil- 

Re^islered     set-opes 


good  Bed  Deal   Light 

colour,  and  glazed  will.  .-  —  „ „..,.      ..^..3,.^..;^     aci-uu, 

comoleie— 4  feel  bv  6  e-.K,  £2  17s.  ;  8  leet  by  6  feet,  £4  10s 
12  leet  bv  6  feet,  £6  63.  :  ib  feet  by  6  feet.  £7  178.  ;  ao  feet  by 
6  feet,  £9  102.     Cases  51.  6J.  10  loi.  6i.  ;  a  lowed  ll  returned. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Riilway  Station  in  England  and  Wales: 
also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Iliustrated  Catalogue,  post  free,  two  penny  stamps. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILI,    ROW,     LONDON,    E.C. 


HO 


4, 

BO/ 


T-WATER       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    &.    CO., 

UPPER   THAMES   STREET,   LONDON,   E.G. 

L  E  R  S,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Cr' c. 

Frlce  Lists  on  application. 


Flans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  desniption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary, 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages^ 
sent  post-free  on  applitxition. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME,' 


[    THE 
QUEEN- 


CAMBRIC 


TRISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-L     KERCHIEFS.  Hemmed  for  Use.    Per  dozen-Child- 


I^' 

SH     MADE    SHIRTS 

Best 

Quality 

f^rgclolh   Bodies,   with 

four- fold 

all 

Linen 

Fronl 

CulTs. 

3Si.  6J.  the  half  doze 

(to  mea 

sure 

2i.  ex 

tra) 

New 

Design 

s  in  cur  special  India 

n  Gauze. 

P.i 

v.ed  SI 

,and 

kable  Flannels  for  ihe  s 

eason. 

"  These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  excellence  and  cb.Qi-pneei."—Cmri  Journal. 


I*^ 

SH 

LINEN 

COLLARS  an 

d  CUFFS.   1 

Villa 

s — Ladies'  a 

nd    Child 

en's   thre 

■fold,    3 J 

M 

per  d 

Gentlemen's 

four-fold 

4!.  IV. 

0  6s.  llrf.  per    1 

Cuffs  for  Ladies, 

Gentleme 

1.  and  Children,  &s 

llrf. 

tolOj 

.  W. 

per  dozen. 

Their  Ir 

sh  Linen 

Collars,  Cuffs,    I 

Shirts 

,<:c. 

have  the  me 

it  of  exce 

lence  and 

cheapne 

S-- 

Court  Circular.     Samp 

es  post-fre 

1 

POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.— Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetings,  fully 

-L  bleached.  2  yards  wide,  \s.  8/.  per  jard  ;  2]4  yards  wide,  25.  ^Y^d. 
per  yard  (ihe  most  durable  article  made,  and  far  Miperior  to  any  foreign 
ma  lufactured  goods).  Roller  Towelling,  18  inches  wide,  Z%d  per  yard. 
Surplice  Linen,  IJ  per  yard  ;  Check  Dusters,  is.  6</.,  Glass  Cloths, 
4j.  6rf.  per  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diarers  8J^<^.  per  yard. 
Samples  post-free. 


'  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— r,4«  I^idy. 


TRISH     DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN.— Fish   Napkins, 

-L  2r.  6</.  perdjzen.  Dinner  Napkins,  4s.  6,/.  per  dozen.  Table  Cloths,  2  yards 
square,  2j.  9.^.  ;  VA  yards  by  3  yaids,  61.  6d.  each.  Kitchen  Table  Cloths, 
l\\id.  each.  Strong  Huckabuck  Towels,  4f.  4  r.  per  dozen.  Monograms,  Crests. 
Coaisof-Arms,  Initials,  &c.,  woven  and  embroidered.     Samples  post-free. 


HANDKERCHIEFS. 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER.  BELFAST 

(By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany.) 


6o6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


November  6,  1886, 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 

SGALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISING, 

Head  Line  cJiar^ed  as  two. 


4  Lines. 

.fP 

3 

0 

15  Lines. 

.^0  8 

6 

5  „  . 

.  0 

^ 

6 

16     „    . 

•  0  9 

0 

6    . 

.  0 

4 

0 

17  „  . 

•  0  9 

6 

7     „    . 

.  0 

4 

6 

18  „  . 

.  0  10 

0 

8  „  . 

.  0 

=; 

0 

19  „  . 

.  0  10 

6 

9     „    . 

.   0 

1 

6 

20     „    . 

.  0  II 

0 

10     „    . 

.  0 

6 

0 

21     „    . 

.  0  II 

6 

11     „    . 

.   0 

6 

6 

22     „    . 

.  0  12 

0 

12     „    . 

■    0 

7 

0 

23     „    . 

.  0  12 

6 

13     „    . 

.    0 

7 

6 

24  „  . 

.  0  13 

0 

14     „    . 

.    0 

8 

0 

25     „    . 

.  0  13 

6 

Coluir 


IS,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 

ns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40J. 
Page             „          . .          _          ..Ji<j    a    o 
Half  Page  . .         . .          _         „     s     o     o 
Columa       350 


OARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTINQ  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  II.  6,/.,  and  6J.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THHSB  ADVERTISEMENTS  MUST   BB  PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Advertiser!  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
ail  Letters  so  cuidressed  are  opened  hy  tlie  authorities  and 
returned  to  tJie  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Ogict 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kingdom  :   13  Months,  {A   3s.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  lis.  lid.  ;    3  Months.  63. 

Foreign  (excepting   India   and   China) :    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  for  12  Months ;    India  and  China,  £1  8s.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  London,  W.C. 

HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  qmntity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS    &    CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


GEM"   '°f''<8f'    %,5 


Complete  with  Siagmg 
^utter,  Coloured  GUss, 
ind  Loughborough  Hoi 
*ater  Apparatus,  erected 
A-iihm  15  miles  of  London 
Bridge,  or  carriage  paid 
10  any  slation  in  England 

Larger  sizes,  complete 

12  by     8  feet,   C-'i    o     o 

,5  by     9  feet,       35   10    o 

20  by  10  feet,      44  10     o 

25  by  12  fett,      66     o     o 

(Design  Registered.)    GOLD  MEDAL  AWARDED,  18S5. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Consetvatories.  Greenhouses 

&c.,  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating.  FREE. 

SURVEYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE   OF 
CHARGE.    DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 


|lll||H|1l|Mi|p|ilJ 


___  Cucumber  Frames. 

T>      HALLIDAY    and    CO.    desire  to 

-*-»'•     draw    special    attention    to   their    Cucumber    Frames. 
of  which  ihey  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      Thev  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  slation  in  England  :—       £.  s.  d. 
alight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    ti     ,  ■  I       i  lo    o 

3-lightframe.  t2feetby6feetLP^^^'?e    |       5     5     o 
'■■■     -  I  feet  bj  6  feet  j^^^^/-^"  I     lo    o    o 

.nd  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 


6- light  fran 


biick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices, 

R.  H  ALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated. 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,   owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  which  no  charge  la  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 

A  COLD  MED.AL  (the  highest  award)  has  this  year  Ivci  awarded  t„  us  in  open  competition  for  general  excellence  in 
Horticultural  Buildings,  by  the  Society  of  Architects. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


Richly  Illustrated  Catalogue,  containing  crver  60  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vineries,  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses,  ^c,  recently  erected  by  M.  &'  Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOBOUGH. 

HOETICULTURAl  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  fcc. 


Si  K 

O   B 
O  W 


JAMES  BOYD  &  SONS, 

lORTICULTURAT    BUII  DERS  AND 
HIATING    I  NGI\ELRS 

PAISLEY. 


5^ 

to  "3 

5  g 


HOT-WATEK    APPABATITS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSION?, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE    BUILDERS    and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses.  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  the  vrrv  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

In  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  ice,  always  in  stock. 

Platis,  Estintates  ana  Catalogues  free.     Custotfurs  waited  on  in  any  pari  of  thi  Kingdcm. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  CARDEN  OPERATIONS. 


Price  3d.,   Post  Free  3|d. 


W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


November  6,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


607 


Send  your  Name  and  Address,  and  mention  this  paper,  and 
receive,  per  return,  post-free,  sample  and  particulars  of 

SMITH'S-COLCHESTER 

LIVE-LOM   CAl^fDY, 

"■--"      -EST     DIGESTIVE. 


T  the  Chest  and  !•  ulaess  after  Meals  or, 
taken  at  bedtime  by  its  warmth  giving  and  Stomachic  proper 
ties  Promotes  Sleep.  A  small  piece  dissolved  in  the  mouth 
when  exposed  to  damp  and  cold,  Warms  the  Chest,  and  pre- 
vents those  injuries  which  arise  from  Chills.  It  is  invaluable 
to  all  Sportsmen,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Duchess  of 
Beaufort,  the  Marquis  of  Waterford,  &c.  Price,  \s.  ij^rf. ,  2r.  <jd., 
and  4r.  kd.  ;  of  all  Chemists.     Be  careful  to  buy  only  Smith's- 


COL 


E-Lo 


SHENSTONE  (Late  Smltli  &  Shenatone),  CHEMIST, 

COLCHESTER,  as,  in  consequence  of  us  popularity,  and  the 
commonness  of  the  name  (Smith),  imitations  are  i  ife. 

Per  post,  ij.  41/.,  3r  ,  and  is.  :  or,  sample,  free. 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1S49),  64,  Cornh.ll,  London. 

Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation    pud    for     112,000    Accidents,    .^2  215.000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Fapquhar,  Esq, 
Apply   to  the  Clerks   at   the  Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Aeents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C. ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  1—64,  ComhiU,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 1 2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  ;  — 
A.  Allar,!,  E.  Andri',  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Cr,!pin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
JongkindtConinck,J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Ollveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkcnstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  ; — One  year, 
14J..  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bruxclles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a   Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  *^  Midlafui Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Heraid 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let, 


COUNTRY  PURSUIT. —A  Gentleman 
residing  near  Town  is  desirous  of  meeting  with  another 
with  a  moderate  amount  of  capita!,  to  further  extend  a  business 
already  organised,  in  which  Fruit  Growing,  Dairying,  Poultry 
Rearing,  Bee-keeping,  and  Hive  Making  are  the  principal 
features.  A  valuable  connection  already  exists,  which  may  be 
rapidly  increased.— Address  G.,  Messrs.  Siieet  &  Co,,  30,  Cora- 
hill,  London.  E.C. 


PARTNERSHIP.— The  Advertiser,  who  has 
been  carrying  on  an  extensive  Business  in  the  City  for 
several  years,  is  desirous  to  meet  with  an  active  PARTNER  to 
take  Half  Share  and  increase  same.  Capital  required  about 
i;foo— PARTNERSHIP,  Gardtntrs'  Chmiich  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Calte 
Business— South  of  England.— E.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  132, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  GARDENER 
(married),  to  take  charge  of  a  Conservatory,  Small 
Garden,  &c.,  to  live  in  the  House,  and  Wife  must  be  a  good 
Cook.  Good  wages  given  to  a  honest,  sober,  and  reliable  man. 
—Apply  with  copy  of  testimonials  to  C.  H.  RATCSH,  Florist 
and  Seedsman,  opposite  the  General  Post  Office,  Bouinemoulh. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  wlio  has  had 
experience  in  Bunching  and  Growing  Flowers  for 
Market.  No  others  need  apply.  Wages  i8r  to  start. — 
WALTER  T.  WARE,  Inglescombe  Nurseries,  Bath. 

Seed  Trade. 
ANTED,  by  a  large  Wholesale  Provincial 

Seed  House,  an  experienced  TRAVELLER,  a  pood 
1,  with  good  address.— S.,  Gardenfn:  Chronictt  Office, 
ngton  itreet.  Strand,  W.C. 


w 


WANTED,  a  competent  energetic  MAN,  to 
take  charge  of  a  Seed  and  Bulb  Department  in  a  Nur- 
sery near  London.  Must  be  a  good  Correspondent,  with  expe- 
rience of  a  General  Nnrsery  and  Seed  Business.  None  need 
apply  whose  characters  will  not  bear  the  strictest  investigation. 
— Apply,  staling  salary  required,  and  giving  full  particulars,  to 
W.  C.  S,  Carrfoi(frj'  C/ira»iiVr/<r  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


■\;i7'ANTED,  a  SHOPMAN,  well  up  in  Seeds, 

V  V  Bulbs,  and  Plants  ;  must  be  a  good  Salesman.  Wages 
3or.  per  week.— Apply  by  letter,  giving  experience,  and  age,  to 
B..  12,  Kinj  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


w 


ANTED,  ROCKWORK  BUILDERS.— 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  bv  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  inUances 
Retnittatices  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  -wil/unit  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  •which  to  identify 
the  sender  ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.— St.  John  s  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


Oardenors,  Under  Gardeners,  BaiUffa.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  00  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.-- Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm. Cutbush  &  Son,  Highgaie  Nurseries,  London,  N . 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  gkid  to 
furnish  pirticulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  108,  High  Street,  Dumfries,  N.B. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDEN  iTrT^ 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO,  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter.— 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Good  Grower  of 
Choice  Fiuit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  also  Early  and 
Late  Forcing.  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and 
industry.— 5.  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham.      


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  39,  married; 
lour  in  family.  Thoroughly  understands  the  various 
branches.  First-clasi  testimonials  from  Australia  (eleven  years). 
— WM.  DURRANT.  FuUar's  Passage,  Great  Yarmouth. 

ARDENER    (Head).  —  Age    38;    fifteen 

years'  experience  in  Noblemen's  and  Gentlemen's  Gar- 
dens, and  Growing  lor  Sale.  First-class  character  forabiUly.— 
Y,  Z  ,  Brentwood  Road,  Romford. 

GARDENER  (Head).— ^10  Bonus  to  who- 
ever  procures  Advertiser  a  good  situaiion.  Thorough 
practical  mart.  Excellent  testimonials  and  references.— R.  B., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 

ARDENER   (Head);   age   29.— R.    HUB- 

BABD.  The  Cirdens.  Rushton  Hall.  Kettering,  is  at 
liberty  to  engage  wiih  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
thoroughly  practical  man  Fifieen  years'  experience  in  large 
establishments.     Good  references. 


GARDENER  (HEAD);  age  32.  — 
Advertiser,  who  has  served  two  years  as  principal  Fore- 
man in  a  private  establishment  where  seventeen  men  are  era- 
ployed,  would  be  pleased  lo  treat  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  thorough  practical  man.  Highest  testimonials  as  to 
character  and  ability.  —  EDWARD  WRIGHT,  Bramcole, 
Nottingham. 


GARDENER  (Head).  — C.  Tea,  Haver- 
holme  Priory  Gardens,  Sleaford,  is  open  to  engage  with 
any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all 
branches  of  Fruit,  Plant,  and  Vegetable  Culture.  Over  three 
and  a  half  years  Gardener  to  present  employer,  the  Hon.  M.  E. 
G.  Finch-Hatton,  M.P.,  who  would  thoroughly  recommend  him 
as  an  efficient  Gardener.  Several  previous  years' good  character. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  39, 
married  (one  girl,  age  ii);  thoroughly  experienced,  S« 
years'  character,  seven  previous,— C.  C,  47.  Upper  Park  Road, 
Hampstead,  London,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Edward 
Bayman,  Gardener  to  the  Hon.  F.  Leveson-Gower, 
Holmbury,  wdl  be  glad  to  recommend  his  Foreman  who  has 
lived  with  him  for  four  years,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  in 
want  of  a  good  honest  Working  Head  Gardener. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 
married  ;  seventeen  years'  experience.  Six  years'  good 
character  from  present  situation.  Leaving  through  reducing 
establishment.— J.  ELWORTHY,  Scampston  Gardens,  Rd- 
linglon,  York. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Many 
years'  experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  Orchids.  Vines.  Pines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucum- 
bers, Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.  Eighteen  months'  good 
character  from  present  p'ace,  and  five  years  previous.  —  J. 
KEELAN,  Eastwood  Park,  Falfield  R.S.0  ,  Gloucester. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  where 
more  are  kept). —Age  3^,  married  ;  understands  the 
Forcing  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vegetab'es,  al.o  good  Flower 
and  KitchsQ  Gardener-  I!oy  (14)  could  assist.  Can  be  well  re- 
commended from  last  situation.— M.  A.  B.,  go,  Belsize  Road, 
South  Hampstead,  London.  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden,  In  or  Out  of  Houses.— Age  11,  single  ;  good 
references.  Abstainer.— W.  R.,  6,  Burr  Road,  Merton  Road, 
Wandsworth,  S.W. 

To  tbe  Trade. 

NURSERY  MANAGER  or  FOREMAN.— 
Practical:  twelve  years' experience.     Good  references.— 
A..  Dickson  &  Turnbull,  Penh,  N.B. 

FOREMAN  ;  age  25.— Mr.  Gant,  Gardener 
to  J  Harris  Saunders.  Esq.,  Porter's  Faik,  Shenley, 
Herts,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  present  Foreman  to  any 
Gardener  requiring  a  good  practical  man.— G.  MARSH,  The 
Gardens.  Porter's  Park,  Shenley,  Herts. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  26  ;  twelve 
years'  exp-rience  in  first-class  places,  has  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture,  also  House  and  Table 
Decoration.— Please  state  full  particulars  as  to  extent  of  glass, 
wages,  &c.— J.  H.,  27,  Uverdale  Road.  Chelsea,  S.W. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER. 
— Age  25,  married  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  Pelargo- 
niums, Fuchsias,  Solanums,  Genistas,  Bouvardias,  Double 
Primulas.  Ferns.  Hydrangeas,  Cyclamea,  Cut  Flowers,  Bed- 
ding Stuff.  Eucharis.  Can  act  as  Salesman.  Present  charge 
with  W.  Cale,  St  John's  Wood.— J.  LAMBERT,  r.  Barley's 
Lane,  Stamford  Hrll.  London.  N. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First j,  Indoors,  in  a  good 
establ.shment  1  age  22.- Mr.  C.  Marshall  would  be 
ple3sed  to  recommend  the  above  to  any  Gardener  requiring  a 
steady  young  man.  —  C.  MARSHALL,  Artury  Gardens, 
Nu  


,  Wan 


ckshir 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.- 
Age    23  ;  nine    years'   experience.       Can    be    well   recom- 
mended.— H.  E.  47,  Upper  Park  Road.  Hampstead,  London,  N.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden, 

C^      inside   and    out. — Age  19  ;  can  be  well  recommended. — 
B.  D.,  The  Gardens.  Casino  House.  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  23; 
acquainted    with    Orchids.     Good   references.— E.    BYE, 
Blackwater,  Faraborough,  Hants. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or  FOREMAN  GAR- 
DENER in  a  good  establishment —Young  :  good  testi- 
monials. Four  >ears  in  last  situation.— J.  EMSLIE,  6,  Rox- 
burgh Place,  Edinburgh. 

TO  FLORISTS  and  NURSERYMEN,  in 
a  good  way  of  business. — A  youth  (age  i6)  wishes  to 
Leatn  ihe  Trade  ;  in  Loudon,  or  within  ao  mites.  Indoor  pre- 
.erred.— State  terms  as  to  Premium  required  arid  saUry  given 
o  H.  D.,  St.  Helens,  Worple  Road,  Wimbledon,  Surrey. 


M 


To  Gentlemen. 
ANAGER.— A  Gentleman  intending  to 

Capital  to  Grow  Choice  Fruit,  Cut  Flowers,  &c  , 
ly  for  Market,  Advertiser,  thoroughly  experienced, 
could  secure  large  returns  upon  outlay.— IN  VESTMENT, 
I,  AlheUtan  Road,  Harold  Wood,  Romford. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  MANAGER  or  Tra- 
veller.—Advertiser,  with  eighteen  years'  experience 

in  all  branches  of  the  Tr.ade,  desires  re  engagement.  Is  a  good 
judge  of  Clovers,  Grasses,  and  Agricultural  Seed  Trade 
generally.  First  cla-s  references.  Age  33--W.  WEBBER, 
College  Street,  St.  Albans,  Herts. 

SHOPMAN,  or  WAREHOUSE  MAN- 
AGER.—Fourteen  years'  ex.ierience  ;  thoroughknowledge 
of  Seed  Trade  and  branches.  Good  references.- C.  D.  EDDIE, 
Balruddery,  Dundee. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.  —  Age  25; 
nine  years'  experience  in  all  departments  ;  at  present 
First  Counter  Hand  in  a  Scotch  house.  First-class  references. — 
D.  C.  FLETCHER,  112,  Eghnton  Street,  Glasgow. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
— Autumnal  Remedies. — Towards  the  fall  of  the  yeir 
countless  causes  are  at  work  lo  lower  the  tone  of  the  nervous 
system,  which  will  be  followed  by  ill-health  unless  proper  means 
be  employed  to  avert  that  evil,  Holloway's  far-famed  prepara- 
tions supply  a  faultless  remedy  for  both  external  and  internal  com- 
plaints connected  with  changes  of  season.  All  affections  of  the 
skin,  roughness,  blotches,  pimples,  superficial  and  deeper-seated 
inflammations,  erysipelas,  rheumatic  pains,  and  gouty  pangs  alike 
succumb  to  the  exalted  virtues  of  Holloway's  Ointment  and 
Pills  :  which  will  efTect  a  happy  revolution  in  the  patient's  con- 
dition, though  the  symptoms  ot  his  disorder  are  legion,  and  have 
obstinately  withstood  the  best  efforts  of  science  to  subdue  them. 


6o8 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  6,  1886. 


MILFORD  NURSERIES,  NEAR  GODALMING,  SURREY. 

IMPORTAIT  FOUE  BAYS'  SALE  OF  FIRST-CLASS  UURSERY  STOCK. 


\J\  R  J-  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions  from  Mr.  Maurice  Young 

^^^     to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  FRIDAY,  November  9,  10,  11,  and  12,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  each  day, 

Beautifully  Grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  capital  condition  for  removal,  including  about  :— 


3,000  Mixed  EVERGREENS  and  CONIFERS  in 

Borders  ;  500  YEWS,  4  to  6  feet  ;  500  AUCUBAS,  2  to 
3  feet  ;  500  THUIA  LOBBII,  2  to  4  feet ;  SILVER  FIRS, 
CEDRUS  DEODARA,  &c  ,  6  to  12  feet. 

3.000  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA,  3  to  5  feet; 

500  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA  LUTEA,  300  GRA- 
CILIS and  others,  i\  to  2*,  feet;  500  ABIhS  DOUG- 
LASII,  2  to  3  feet ;  and  300  GOLDEN  IRISH  YEWS,  2 
to  3  feet. 

6,000  RETINOSPORA     PLUMOSA     AUREA 

and  FLAVESCENS,  \\  to  2I  feet,  suitable  for  pots. 

2,000  LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  bushy,  4 

to  5  feet  ;  and  500  EVERGREEN  PRIVET,  2  to  4  feet  ; 
3000  PURPLE  LILAC,  2  to  4  feef ;  and  1000  other 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 

10,000  LAURELS,  of  sorts,  i^  to  2\  feet. 


1,000  VARIEGATED  and   GREEN  BOX,  2  to 

3  feet;    4000  ST.  JOHN'S    WORT,     2000   RERBERIS 
AQUIFOLIUM,  li  to  2  feet. 

6,000  Choice  Named  Hybrid  and  other  RHODO- 
DENDRONS, CLEMATIS,  and  other  CLIMBERS, 
Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES. 

50  Specimen  Young's  Golden  Chinese  JUNIPER, 

4  to  7  feet. 

5,900  SPRUCE     FIRS,    2    to    4   feet,   suitable   for 

Christmas  Trees. 

75,000  Transplanted  QUICK. 

10,000  ORNAMENTAL  and  FOREST    TREES, 

consisting    of    Sycamore,    Norway   Maple,  Black   Italian, 
Ontario  and  Abele  Poplars,  Laburnums,  &c.,  5  to  to  ft.,  &c. 


May  be  viewed  a  week  prior  to  the  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises,  and  oj  Mr.  J.  C.  S  TE  VENS, 

38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  JV.C. 

N.B.— The  Nurseries  are  situated  |  of  a  mile  from  Milford  Station,  and  I  mile  from  the  new  Godalming  Station  on  the  direct  Portsmouth  line. 

Extract    from    the    "  L^ady's    Pictorial"   of  23d  Oct.,  1886. 


1£^^ 


"  Most  of  our  readers 
are  already  familiar  with 
the  beauty  and  merit  of  the 

Darlington   Dress  Fabrics 

Manufactured  by  Messrs. 
Henry  Pease  &  Co.'s 
Successors,  at  the  Mills, 
Darlington. 

"  The  Novel  Patterns 
and  Designs  especially 
prepared  for  the  present 
season  are  exceptionally 
successful,  both  as  regards 
colour  and  texture,  and 
we  can  thoroughly  recom- 
mend these  goods  to  the  notice  of  our  readers  as 
being  entirely  suitable  for  autumn  and  winter  wear. 
Large  Boxes  of  Patterns  will  be  sent  immediately 
upon  application  at  the  above  address,  and  the 
novelty  and  beauty   of  the  fabrics  will   quickly   con- 


-4J!i.iife;*^^     t«-i».«/»ij(E*. 


vince  our  readers  that  they  deserve  the  highest  praise. 

"It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  the  immense 
advantages  of  obtaining  goods  in  this  manner  direct 
from  the  original  manufacturers,  since  there  remains 
literally  only  one  man,  and  therefore  only  one  profit, 
between  the  wool-producing  animal  and  the  person 
who  eventually  wears  the  woollen  goods.  Where 
there  is  only  one  profit  to  be  made,  as  in  this  case,  it 
is  clearly  evident  that  the  purchaser  must  benefit 
largely,  since  there  is  no  middle  man  to  swallow  up 
the  intermediate  gains.  This  being  so,  our  readers 
will  do  well  to  make  the  most  of  their  opportunity, 
and  write  at  once  for  Patterns,  which  are  naturally 
greatly  in  demand  at  the  present  season  of  the  year. 

"  We  must  mention  as  sp2clally  appropriate  just 
now  the  Darlington  Cross-warp  Serges,  the  all-wool 
follies,  and  the  Gold  Medal  Cashmeres,  for  these 
materials,  together  with  all  the  other  Darlington 
Dress  Fabrics,  are  fine  and  soft  in  texture,  artistic  in 
colouring,  and  entirely  novel  in  design." 

[Established 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  successors,  DARLINGTON.Tl^i: 

AU  Parcels  are  Carriage  Paid,  and  any  Article  can  be  Changed  within  Seven  Days. 


Editorial  Commanications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor : "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  PublUher."  at  the  Office,  41   Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden   London.  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bbadborv,  Agnew.  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitetnars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  the 
said  William  Richards,  at  tSe  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Coimty.— Saturday.  November  6 


Agent  for  Manchester — John  H 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


esta!)lisf)etr  1841. 


No.  672.-V0L.  XXVI.  {sH^H^:!}  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  13,  1886.        ]pJScr£&je^£jj 


Price  5d. 

Post-free,  sJ</. 


Abut  Ions  as  climbers 
Apples,  stocks  for 
Araucaria     imbricata, 

Post  mortem  on  an 
Arddarroch 

B^ack  Walnut,  the 
Books— 

Chrysanthemums     : 

their  culture-. 

Bulbs  :  how  do  they 

scend  into  the  soil? 
Catasetum  galeritum 

,,     pileatum 
Chira.  botanical  rami 

in  South 
Chrysanthemums  at 

Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons'     622 
Dendrobium      nycterido- 

glossum    ,  ..  ..     6^6 

Dipteracanthus  affinis   ..     625 
Dry  rot  fungus,  the       . ,     626 
Eucharis  amazonica       ..     6=5 
Flower  garden,  the        ..     623 
Forestry     ..  . .  . .     622 

Fruits  under  glass  ..     623 

Fuchsia      coccinea      and 

neglected  old  sorts      ..     627 
Grapes,  grafted    . ,  . .     627 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  .     623 


CONTENTS. 

..    627 


618 


Kitchen  garden,  the 


Null 


Obituary — 

Mr   Thomas  Gibbs 
Oncidium  serratum 
Oodeypore 
Orchid  pruning    .. 
Orchids  at  Mr.  Bull's 
,     at  Mr,  Dorman's 
Pears,  cracking  of 
Pelargoniums,  Ivy-leaved 


i  and  their  culture  .     623 


Crystal  Palace  .  . . 

Kingston  and  Surbiton 
Manchester     Horticul- 
tural Improvement.. 
National     Chrysanthe- 


Royal  Horticultural    .. 
Scotland :      Notes     from 

Edinburgh 
Tree-  in  f-e  wrong  place 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTllATIONS. 


Arddarroch  (see  Supplement) 
B  ack  Walnut,  the 

Oncidium,  proliferous  infloresc 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Tele^ams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 

SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
'THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  tlie  Publisher, 

IV.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  VV.C.  


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

THE    GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

J.  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  including  Postage,  is  $6.35  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  for  America  ;— C.  H.  MAROT,  814.  Chestnut  Street. 
Philadelphia,  U.-S.A.,  to  whom  American  Orders  may  be  sent. 

K^"TcHMOND^(Surrey)  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM SHOW. 
The  SIXTH  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS, 
FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  will  be  held  at  the 
"Castle  Hotel,"  Richmond,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY, 
Novembet  11  and  12.     For  Schedule^,  apply  to 

Mr.  J.  H.  FORD,  Hon.  Sec. 
52,  George  Street,  Richmond. 


T 


IHE      BEST      NEW      CULINARY 

PF.AS   for   1S87  are 
ECKFORD's     ■•  MAGNIFICENT." 
Ei.KFOkDS    "  VICTOR." 
ECKFORD'S    "  DIGNITY." 
iescriptive  LIST  on  applicilion.     Now  being  sent  out  by 


HE     DOME,     ROYAL     PAVILION. 

BRIGHTON  ard    HOVE 

FOURTH   ANNUAL   CHRYSANTHFMUM   SHOW, 

TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  Nov.  16  and  17. 

Entiies  Close  by  SunHav  Post 

MARK  LONGHURST,  Hon.  Sec 
18.  Church  Road,  Hove,  Sussex. 

LI  VERTFo  OlT^H  O  RT I  C  U  LT  U~RA  L 
ASSOCIATION. 
The  SEVENTH  GRAND  FRUIT  and  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM  SHOW  will  be  held  in  St.  George's  Hall,  on  NOVFM- 
BER  23  and  24.  The  Silver  Cup  given  by  J.  Williams  &  Co  , 
for  48  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  will  be  competed  for. 
Enli  ies  close  November  '6.  Schedules  on  application  to 
Tarbock  Road.  Huyton^  EDWARDBRIDGE,  Secretary. 

p  ARDENIAS,  Winter-flowering  HEATHS^ 
vT     CAMELLIAS,    AZALEAS,    BOUVaRDIAS.    CAR- 
NATIONS, PALMS,  FERNS,  FICUS,  DRAC/ENAS,  and 
others.     Thousands  of  fine  healthy  plants  to  select  from. 
Price  LIST  on  application.     Early  orders  are  solicited. 
JOHN    STANDISH    and   CO..    Royal    Nurseries,    Ascot. 

LARGE  SNOWDROP  BULBs7ioo,^  \s.(>dr, 
1000,  13J.    LENT  DAFFODIL  BULBS,   too.  u.  id.  : 
tooo,  loj.      Free 

ROBERT  BELL,  37,  AUhallows'  Lane,  KendaL 


Dissolution  of  PartnerBhlp, 
TOHN    LAING  AND   CO.,  of  the   Stanstead 

''  Park  and  other  Nurseries  Seedsmbn  and  Florists, 
Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  have  DISSOLVED  PARTNERSHIP,  as 
and  from  October  31,  1886.  All  DEBTS  due  and  owing  by  the 
Firm  will  be  RECEIVED  and  PAID  by  JOHN  LAING,  who 
will  in  future  carry  on  the  Busine  s  in  conjunction  with  his  two 
sons  and  with  the  assistance  of  all  the  Foremen  and  other  Heads 
of  the  various  Departments. 

Dissolution  of  Partnerehlp. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  the  last  ten  years 
Copartner  with  John  L^I^G.  at  Forest  Hill.S.E.,  has 
PUR(  HASED  THE  BUSINESS  known  as  the  f  ast  Surrey 
Seed  Warehouse  (established  upw-rids  of  50  years).  North  Eld, 
Croydon.    CATALOGUES  in  a  few  days 

Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (Established  17S5). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
f'  having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  toeether 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  '  Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limitedl."  these  Old-established 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  3,  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford. -October  t,  1886. 


PINUS    INSIGNIS    and    RADIATA,   i    to 
iM  feet,   and  CUPRESSUS   MACROCARPA,   1%  to 
4j^  feet-all  transplanted  last  spring— are  offered  by 

W.  H.  ROGERS.  Red  Lodee  Nursery,  Southampton. 

A   Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw- 
biense.  hybridum,  and  all  ihe  choicest  named  vantties. 
Magnificent  plants,  1,  2,  to  3  feet,  beautifully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hunnr.d.  or  thousand,  on  application  10 
JOHN  CRUNSTON  &  CO  .  King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 


DUTCH  BULBS,  named  varieties,  \s.  for  six 
(three  colours),  grind  blooms.     TULIPS,  id  ;    NAR- 
CISSUS, iJ.  per  dor.    CROCUS,  ij  per  roo.    £2  orders  free. 
HAINSSELIN  AND  WARD,  Devonport. 


GWISEIVIAN    has   several  hundred    fine 
•     PLANES,  I!  feet  to  13  feet,  at  /?  per  100  :  also  3  to 
5  feetatjij,  per  too   VIRGINIAN  CREEPERS,  161.  per  ico. 
G.  WISEMAN,  Forty  Hill,  Enfield,  Middlesex. 

QTANDARD  and  DWARF~NAMED  RHO- 

O  DODENDRONS,  very  fine,  are  offered  by 

W.    H.    ROGERS.   Ped    Lodge    Nursery,    Southampton. 
CATALOGUES  and  prices  on  amplication. 


D 


ESCRIPTIVE     CATALOGUE.  —  Roses, 

Fruit  Trees.  Rhododendrons.  Conifers,  Deciduius  and 
green  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbing  Plants  for  walls   &c. 


H.  LANE 


applic 
.  Berkhamsled,  Hei 


Just  PubllBhed. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS   LIST,  No.  85;   con- 
tiining  all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  ofienng  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW     PLANT   AND    BULB    COMPANY,      Lion    Wa'k, 
Colchester. 


E 


Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 
E      R      G     R      E      E      N      : 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen.  Worcester. 


Important  to  Growers. 

WISE  AND  RIDES  are  Cash  Purchasers 
cf  eood  and  well-packed  Blooms  of  the  followine  ;— 
EUCHARIS,  STEPHANOTIS.  ROSES.  ORCHIDS, 
really  fine  Specimen  Flowers  cf  CHRYSANTHEM UM,  &c. 


ntity  t 


WISE  and  rides.  Covert  Garden.  W.C. 


Floral  Commission  Agency- 

AHILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oiitam  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  gtxid  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 


WANTED,   Scarlet    NERINE    FOTHER- 
GILLI   ICURVIFOLIA)  or  CORUSCA.      Cash  or 
EXCHANGE.     Address,  stating  number  of  Bulbs  in  a  pot, 
JAMES  O'BRIEN,  Harrow-on-the-HiU. 

Box  Edging. 

WANTED,  a  quantity  of  the  above.     Please 
state  quantity  and  price  to 
ED.     MOORHOSE.    Emscote,    Warwick. 

WANTED  TO  PURCHASE,  for  removal, 
a  large  MULBERRY  TREE,  of  good  growth.    Par- 
ticulars and  price  to 

C.  CORNWALL,  Hadley  Nursery,  Barnet. 


To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  kinds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offers  of  the  same— 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  of  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYE-GRASSES  and  NATURAL  GRASSES— to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 

.XHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

—Now  on  View,  all  the  recent  Novelties,  many  pro- 
mising Seedlings,  and  all  old  Standard  varieties  ;  the  most  com- 
plete Colleciion  in  the  Trade. 

LISTS  Gratis  on  application.     Inspection  cordially  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  and  CO.,  Nurseries,  Forest  HiH,  S.E 


)AMPAS   GRASS  ;    large  quantity  ;    strong 

Plants.     Cheap,  to  clear. 
FREEMAN    and    FREEMAN,     Norwich. 


RUSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  The  best 
and  cheapest  in  the  world.  Forty  choice  Perpetuals  for 
2ij  Purchaser's  selection  from  400  best  varieties.  CATA- 
LOGUES free  on  application.  Ten  acres  of  Roses,  toc,ooo 
grand  plants  to  select  from. 

lAMES  WALTERS,  Rose  Grow,  r  Exe'er. 


M 


SPIRAEA        JAPONICA> 
Fine    imported    clumps. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  (German  Crowns),  very  fine. 

Low  rffers  on  application. 

WATKINS   AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 

Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W  C. 

ROSES— ROSES  — ROSES.  — The    finest 
Dwarf  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  6j. 
per  (Ir^ZTfn,   package   included.     Special  prices  for  quantities. 
The  Trade  supplied. 
A.    U.   GORRINGE,    75,   Terminus    Road,    Eastbourne. 

Planting  Season 

WH.    ROGERS,    Red   Lodge    Nursery, 
•     Southampton,  offers  every  description  of  well-grown 
NURSERY  STOCK,  extending  over  60  acres,  at  a  low  price. 
CATALOGUES  and  every  information  sent  on  application. 

IIRYSANTHEMUMS-— Season   I886-7-— 

Every  Grower  should  possess  one  of  my  MUM  Guides. 
It  contains  complete  directions  for  the  successful  cultivatioo 
and  a  Descriptive  List  of  the  best  varieties.     Price  \d. 

W.   E.   BOYCE.  F  R.HS.,  Archway  Road,  Highgate,  N. 

p H 1 0 Wyo O.XA    LUCILI^  (Glory  of  the 

V-^  Snow),  azure-blue  with  white  centre  ;  lovely  for  early 
Spring  bedding.  Large  English  grown  Bulbs.  Price  od 
application. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

T3ASPBERRY    CANES    to     SELL.  —  The 

-L  V  famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Latu  Exf-Cii  —Apply  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

ARNATIONS.— Strong  Layers  of  Souvenir 

de  la  Malmaison  6s.  per  aozen,  £,1  per  100. 

A.  RATCLIFF,  7,  Royal  Road,  Teildtngton,  Middlesex. 

ESSRSrFRED.    HORSMAN  and  COJ^ 

Orchid  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
their  new  interleaved   CATALOGUE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  apolicatlon  to 
FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO  .  Colchester. 

/^  ■<  RAPE   VINES.— Our  stock   of   Vines   is 

vT  in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.  A  LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Hollowav.  London.  N. 

yiNES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black    Hara- 

V  burgh  and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  \os  6d.  each  :  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines.  5J.  and  71  6d.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  LI  VER  POOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO  (John  Cowan), 
Limited.  1  he  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

EAKALE  —  SEAKALE.  —  Special   Trade 

f'ffer  of  Forcing  SEAKALE.  a  very  fine  lot ;  also  small 
FERNS  for  grow  ng-on,  several  varieties. 

HBT.  TITE,  Nurseiyman.  Hampton,   Middlesex. 

C~  UPS,  TUBES,  BOARDS,  &c.,  for  Staging 
Chrysanthemums  for  Exhibitions  ;  Tweezers  for  Dressing 
Blooms  Every  Horticultural  Requisite  supplied.  Catalogue  and 
prices  post  fiee.—B.  FIELD,  F.R.H  S  ,  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent 
Koad,  S.E.      Telegraphic  Address—''  Floriculture.  London." 

TMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

X  Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  O  RCH I D  PEAT. 

full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  : 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Ouotation  with  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION 

10,  CuUum  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Veghtablhs  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS,  MAGAZINES,  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 
Addrbss,    35,   Wellington   Sueet,    Strand,    London,    W.C. 


6io 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  i886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Monday  Next 

3000    LILIUM    AUKATUM. 

Grand  Bulbs,  just  arrivtd.  oie  of  the  best  importations  received 

for  some   time. 

MESSRS.    PROTHERUE   and  MORRIS 
will    include    the    above    very    fine     consignment    of 
LILIUM  AURA  fUM  in  the  SALE  at  their  Cent 
Kooms.  67  and  65,  Cheapside,   E.C., 
November  i?. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catakgues  had. 

Dutcli  BvQlis. 

Every  MONDAY.  THURSDAY,  and  FATURDAY. 

GRkAT  UNRESERVED  SALtS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELLbv  AUCTlON.at  their  Cenlr:.!  Sale  Rooms. 
67and(8  Ch^ao-ide,  E  C,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  ii  o'clock  precisely  e.ich  day, 
exiensive  co^isienments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  irom  Holland,  in  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  lotted  to  suit  the  T-ade  and  Private  Buyers. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  haiL 


Lewlsham,  S.E. 

MONDAY    Ntxr.  —  SHOkT    NOTICE. 

Important  Clearance  Sale-To  Nurse,  ymen.  Builders  and  others. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
ate  instructed  by  Mr.  R.  T.  Biges  lo  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Pitmises.  The  Nurseries.  Lewisham,  S  E.  fclose 
to  lewisham,  Ladywell,  or  Catford  Stations)  on  MONDAY 
NEXT,  November  ii,  at  ij  o'Clork  precisely,  without  reserve, 
the  whole  of  the  NURSERY  STOCK,  including  many  thou- 
sands of  Specimen  Border  SHRUBS,  Ornamental  TREES, 
FRUITTREES,  2000  Variesaled  and  Green  HULLIKS,  I  It. 
to  6  It  •  SCO  sweet  bavs,  5000  CUPRESSUSLAUKESTINUS 
and  BOX,  lo.ooo  LAIJRELS  of  sorts,  150:.  AUCUBAS, 
Golden  and  Green  EUONYMUS.  50.0  o  PRIVETS  ol  sorts, 
T  fr  to  £  ft  ;  LIMf.S.  ROSES,  is-'oa  IVIES.  50C0 
DECIDUOUS  SHRUBS.  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS;  two 
powerful  HORSES.  POniV.  HARNESS,  nearly  new 
Ma.ket  VAN,  CARTS,  MOWING  MACHINE;  70  loads 
MOULD  and  best  LOAM,  &c. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 


Tue-day  Next. 

4CO  Standard  and  other  RuSES,  English  grown,  and  all 
true  to  name-  choice  selected  FRUIT  TREES,  CONI- 
FFRS  in  vatieiy  RHODODENDRONS,  DECIDUOUS 
SHRUBS,  DUTCH  BULBS.  &c 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 
wil  SELL  the  above  at  the  City^  Auciion  Rooins_._38 
and   39,   Gracechurch  Street,   E.C. 


TUESDAY   NtX 

_.  .,, 2  o' Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale.    Catalogues  at  the  Rooms,  or 
the  Auctioneers.  67  and  68,  Cheaosi'  e,  E.  C. 


Tottenham,  N. 

IMPORTANT    SALE    of    b=auiirully    grown    NURSERY 

STOCK— :ox3  Cupressus  Lawsonii  pyramidalis  veroa(new). 

TO  THE  TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  H.  E.  Pennett,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTIO;^,  on  the  Premises  The  Nursery,  Park  Lane.  Tot- 
tenham, ,n  TU'ESOAY,  Novemb=r  16.  at  is  o'clock  precisely, 
a  portion  ol  the  remarkably  well  grown  NURSERY  SIOCK, 
in  excellent  condition  'or  removal,  including  3000  Aiicuba  japo- 
nica,  fine  plants,  i  to  6  feet ;  large  Hollies  of  sons,  acoo  Couifrrs 
in  variety,  1500  Box,  3000  green  and  variegated  Euonyrous, 
2000  oval  leaved  Privet,  lo-o  Gentiana  aciuUs,  common  Laurels, 
Fruit  'Irces.  3100  Standard  and  d«arf  Roses,  1000  Gooseberries 


,  &c. 


rc'ude  2000  of  the  new  CUPRESSUS 
LAWSONII    PYRAMIDALIS  VERNA,  (4  inches  to  2  feet) 

hardy,    retaining  its  bright  green  colour,  and  is  the  best  variety 
for  Dotting.  ,      ,     ,  ,       ts 

May  now  be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the    Pre- 
mises, or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


Brox,  Chertsey 

SALE  of  WEIL  GROWN   NURSERY  STOCK,  HORSE, 

MANGEL  WURTZliL,  and  SWtDES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  W.  Cooper  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, on  the  Premises,  The  Castle  Nursery.  Brox,  Che^lsey, 
about  j}^  miles  from  Cherts-sy  or  Woking  Stations,  on  TUES- 
DAY November  16,  at  la  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity 
of  well  grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  in  excellent  condi.ion  fjr 
removal  consisting  of  2200  Cuprestus  Lawsonii,  6  inches  to 
5  feet  ;  800  Thuia  Lobbii.  6  inches  to  s  feet  ;  2000  English  Yews, 
2  to  6  feet  ;  1700  Laurels,  of  s  rts,  i  to  s  leet  ;  750  Aucaba  jipo- 
nica  I  to  3  feet;  1000  Green  Hollies  i  to  3  feet;  icoo  Oval- 
leav'd  Priv-t  2CO  (lolden  Queen  Hollies,  i  to  3  feet;  1530 
Stand..rJ  and  Dwarf  Roses,  numbers  of  Everereen  and  Deciou- 
ous  *^hrubs  in  vanetv  ;  capital  chesnui  GE  LD 1  NO,  5  years  ;  10 
tons  MANGEL  WURZELand  10  tons  SWEDES. 

Maymwb;  viewed      Calal.^giies  miy  be    had  on  the  Pte- 
mises.or  of  iheAuciiinee.s,  67  and  68,  Cheipside,  London.  E  C. 


Wednesday  Next. 

CAMELLIAS  and  AZAi.EAS  (fine  plants,  well  buddeo); 
FICUS  and  other  plants  from  Belgium  ;  600  beautifully 
grown  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES  from  an  Eng  i  h  Nur- 
sery a  choice  assn.tment  of  Hardy  BULBS  and  English- 
er.'wn  LILIES  in  variety  ;  CARNATIONS,  LILY  ol  the 
VALLEY,  SPIR/EAS,  Barr'sDAFFODILS  ;  aoco Roman 
HYACINTHS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  CheapMde,  B.C.,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  November  17,  at  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely. 


On^ 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Harold  Wood. 
CLEARANCE  SALE, 

the  I.-ind  being  required  for  Building  Purposes. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  lus.rucica  bv  ihs  Prrprietor,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  The  Nursery.  Aihelstan  Road,  Harold 
Wood,  Essex,  near  the  Railway  Station,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
NEXT,  November  17,  at  12  o'clock  piecisely,  the  whole  of  the 
well-grown  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  grown  specially  for 
cut  bloom,  comprising  a  large  quantity  of  Gardenias  and  Roses, 
all  the  outdoor  St.ick,  fourGREENHOUSES,  BRICKWORK, 
HOr-WATER  PIPING,  and  numerous  other  effects. 

May  no*  be  viewed.  Catalogues  to  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London, 
E7C.,apd  Leytonstone,  E. 


Olrtford,  near  Sandy,  Beds, 

One  mile  from  Sandy  Station,  Great  Northern  and  London  and 
North-Wesiern  Railways,  and  8  miles  frt  m  Bedford. 

IMPORTANI'  SALE  of  Mr.  Laxton's  Novelties  in  FRUITS, 
FLOWERS,  and  VEGETABLES,  including  the  stocks  of 
his  line  Strawberries — "  Noble  "and  '■  A.  F.  Barron;"  a 
general  NURSERY  STOuK  of  Hardy  Market  Fruils, 
Roses,  Herbaceous  Plants,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Laxton  (who  is  relinquishing  the 
horticultural  business)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises  at  Girtford,  on  THURSDAY,  November  18,  at  ij 
o'clock  precisely,  in  consequence  of  th^  great  number  of  lots, 
8000  FRUITTREES,  including  choice  unissued  Apples,  Pears, 
and  Plums :  a  quantity  of  all  the  new  and  market  sorts  of 
Arples  ;  good  stocks  of  the  new  Apple  "  Seotemher  Beauty  " 
(Fiisiclass  Certificates  R.H.S.  andCP..  1885),  "  Peasgood's 
Monarch,"  "  Schoolma-Ster,''  and  *'  Mr.  Gladstone,*'  the  beauti- 
ful Dartmouth  and  Hyslop  Crabs,  and  the  best  market  and 
new  varieties  of  Pears,  Plums,  Cherries,  Raspberries,  Goose- 
berries, and  Currants  ;  the  unissued  stocks  of  "  Noble"  (about 
10,000)  and  "A,  F.  Barron,"  6000  plants  and  runners  (both 
F.rst-class  Certificates  from  the  R.H.S.)  ;  numerous  o.her 
choice  unissued,  cross-bred  Seedlings,  several  thousand  plants 
of  the  new  early  varieties  "King  of  the  Eailies  "  and  "  The 
Captain"  Strawberries  :  a  quantity  of  seedhng  and  best  named 
sons  of  Rhubarb,  the  finest  strain  of  early  Argenteuil  Asparagus. 

Choice  unissued  cross-bred  or  pedigree  Seedling  ROSES, 
fo:o  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES,  consisting  chiefly  of  the 
best  Maiket  Teas,  from  which  3000  dozen  bLoms  have  been 
di-patched  this  season  ;  Budded  BRIERS  and  FRUITS,  3000 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  including  1000  in  pots  of  the  newest 
and  most  useful  sorts  ;  looo  choice  Seedlings,  and  looo  early 
and  hardy  Market  varieties  planted  out.  a  fine  colleciion  of 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.  1003  Seedling  DIANTHUS, 
Hybrid  AQUILEGIAS,  DELPHINIUMS,  BULBS,  &c  ; 
about  8  tons  of  Early  White  Hebron,  and  2  tons  of  Utility  new 
late  PoTATOS,  4-lieht  half-span  GARDEN  and  other 
FRAMES,  8  Rose  BOXES  and  TUBES,  large  hand  TRUCK 
on  splines,  small  DRESSING  MACHINE  by  Dreschler, 
WEIGHING  MAlHINE,  MEASURES,  fat  Yorkshire 
SOW  and  4  olher  PIGS,  s  HIVES  of  BEES,  and  numerous 
other  eflfects. 

May  be  viewed  by  permission.  Catalogues  to  be  had  oa  the 
Premises,  of  Mr.  LAXTON.  Seed  Grower,  Bedford;  and  of 
the  Auctioneers.  67.  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

P.S.— The  GROUND,  which  can  either  be  secured  for  a 
term,  or  the  main  portion  SOLD  as  FREEHOLD,  is  admirably 
adapted  for  a  Market  Nursery,  for  which  it  has  been  largely 
and  successfully  used  by  Mr.  Laxton  :  it  is  also  very  suitable 
general  Nursery,  for^vhich  there  is  an  excellent  opening. 


r  for  a  Seeds 


i  Trial  Ground. 


Chad's  HUl,  N  W, 
Important  to  Florists,  Maiket  Growers  and  Others. 
CLEARANCE    SALE  of   the    whole  of   the    STOCK    and 
UTENSILS  in  Trade,  also  the  beneficial  interest  in  the 
LEASE.     A  capital  nueningfor  a  young  beginner. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  A.  Cfcesterman,  (who  is  relin- 
quishing the  business  in  consequence  of  a  family  bereavement), 
to  SELL  by  AUCTIO.N,  on  the  premises.  The  Blenheim 
Nursery,  The  Mead,  Child's  Hill.  N.W.,  (cen  minutes'  walk 
from  Child's  Hill  Station),  on  FRID  "VY  N  EX  T.  November  ig, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  BENEFICIAL  INTEREST  in 
the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY,  comprising  about  i  acre  of 
Ground,  eight  roomed  Dwelling  house,  and  13  Greenhou  es,  all 
aomiiably  heated  and  in  capital  working  order. 

Following  the  Sale  of  the  Lease,  will  be  offered  in  suitable 
lots,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  including  about  1600  Palms  in 
various  sizes,  many  of  them  fit  for  decorative  purposes;  3200 
Adiantum  cuneatum  in  32.  48,  and  60-DOts  ;  7000  Ferns  of  suits  ; 
powerful  brown  MARE,  two  sets  of  HARN  ESS,  covered  mar- 
ket VAN,  open  VAN,  WAGGONETTE,  CHAFF-CUTTER, 
UTENSILS,  &c. 

'Ihe  stock  may  be  viewed  two  days  prior  to  the  Sale.  Full 
part  culars  of  Lease  and  Stock  will  be  found  in  Catalogues  ob- 
tainable on  ihe  Premises,  or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67 
and  68,  Cheapside.  London.  E.C. 

Friday   Next. 

IMPORTED  and   ESTABLISHED    ORCHIDS  from  Mr. 

F.  Sander. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUC ITON,  at  their 
Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY 
NEXT,  November  19.  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precie'y, 
a  valuable  lot  of  IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHID-;,  including  Ccelogyne  Sanderiana,  Odonioglossum 
Ro.zii  album,  O.  Inleayil  leopardloum,  splendid  fUnts, 
Catlleya  marginala,  Masdevallia  acrochotdoma,  very  rare, 
Cattleya  Percivaliana.  Odontoglossum  pardinum.  Cypripedium 
hirsutissimum.  Oncidium  microp^gon,  in  flower,  Odontoglossum 
hastatum  Roezlii.  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Ealing.  W, 

PEREMPTORY   CLEARANCE    SALE. 

To  Floiists  and  Others. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instruded  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Pre- 
mises,  The  Eabng  Dsan  Nursery,  Ealing,  W.,  on  MON  DAY, 
November  22.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  comprising  the  contents  of 
25  Greenhouses  and  10  Pits,  including  Gardenias.  Eucharis, 
Adiantum  Farleyense,  2000  Maidenhair  Ferns.  Ch-ysanthe- 
mums.  Geraniums  in  large  quantities,  Crotons,  Primu'as,  &c. 

On  view  two  days  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  had 
on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside.  EC. 

N  B— The  LEASE  cfihe  NURSERY,  with  the  25  GREEN- 
HOUSES, PITS,  iic.  is  TO  BE  SOLD.  Any  leasonable 
offer  will  be  considered.  For  particulars  apply  to  the  Auc 


Pine-apple  Nursery,  Edgware  Koad,  W, 

In  consequence  of  the  Closing  of  the  Colonial  and  Indian 
Exhibition. 
HIGHLY  IMPORTANT  SALE  of  SPECIMEN  PLANTS, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son.  who  have 
completed  their  contract  for  furnishing  the  Ccnsetvatories 
at  the  above  Exhibition,  and  are  compelled  10  dispose  of 
the  plants  through  want  of  room  to  house  them. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  Messrs.  E.  G.  Hen- 
derson and  Son  to  SELL  the  above  by  AUCH'ION  on  the 
Premises,    the    Pine-apple    Nursery,    Edgware    Road,   W., 


WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  Dr 
above   v.iluab  e  COLLECTIONS    of    PLAN'l'S,    offering 
tceplionaljipportunity  for  securing    rare  speci 


the 


Brixton,  S.W. 
IMPORTANT  TO  MARKET  GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  inslructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  an  EARLY 
DATE  (unless  an  acceptable  oflfer  either  to  rent  or  purchase  be 
made  previously),  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY -and  about 
20,000  feet  of  GLASS,   all  in  capital  working  order.     Ground 

Arrangements  can  be  made  for  allowing  a  portion  of  the 
money  to  remain,  thus  bringing  the  property  within  the  reach  of 
small  capitalists. 

Further  particulars  will  apper  next  week,  and  in  the  meantime 
can  be  obtained  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Bulbs  -  Bulbs-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C  ,  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  Fiist-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted 
to  suit  all  buyers. 

On  view  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  and  Saturday  Next. 
ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King 
Street.  Ccvent  Garden,  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY  and 
SAIURDAY  NEXT,  November  17  and  20  a  fine  assortment 
oC  Standard,  Half-Standard,  Dwarf,  and  Climbing  ROSES, 
Pyramid  and  Dwarl-trained  FRUIT  TREES.  BORDER  and 
other  PLANTS,  from  well-known  English.growers. 

On  view  inonings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had, 

Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7274 ) 
SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  and  BUD. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Graat  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.  00  THURSDAY  NEXl'.Novemb  r  18, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  prtciselv.  a  fine  COLLECTION  o. 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud,  comprising  a  magnificeni 
specimen  of  Lselia  anceps  Sanderiana  (true),  L'.  autumoali 
atrorubens,  Cypripedium  Spicenanum  (go  leaves),  C.  Boisseis 
ianum  (new),  C.  Sedeni  candidulum.  20  plants  of  Habenari- 
mililaris  (new,  for  description  see  Gatdeners^  Ckroiiicle\ 
October  23).  Odontoglossum  Alexandia:  (fine  forms),  O.  Ander- 


On> 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next-(Sale  No    727+) 

5000  grand  Bulbs  of  LILIU.Vl  AURATUM,  just  received  from 

Japan  in  the  finest  po-sib'e  cordiiion. 

MR.  I.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38. 
King  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXl', 
November  18. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7274) 
FINE     ESTABLISHED     ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT. 
November  18.  a  Small  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS,  formed 
by  a  Gentleman  for  hybridising,  and  selected  in  flower,  including 
fine  plants  of  Cypripedium  Dominianum,  C.  caudamm  roseum, 
C.  Maulei,  Cattleyas  of  sorts,  La;tia  anceps  alba,  Oncidium 
macranthum,  fine  Masdevallias,  Odontoglossum-,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

By  Order  of  the  Executors. 
GREAT    AUCTION    SALE   of  RUSTIC    WORK,   on  the 
Premises,    Alexandra    Rustic    Manufactory.    Forest    Hill, 
owing   to   the  recent  death  of  the  Prr  p  ietor,    Mr.  J.  W. 
Parrett. 

MR.  BARRETT  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  TUESDAY.  November  16.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
without  ihe  slightest  reserve,  the  above,  conprising  Eleven 
SUMMER  -  HOUSES,  GARDEN  SEATS.  TABLES, 
FLOWER  VASES,  ARM-CHAIRS,  and  ARCHES,  a  hand- 
some RUSTIC  BRIDGE.  20  leet  span,  and  an  immense 
Collection  of  other  RUSTIC  WORK  ;  as  well  as  the  extensive 
wooden  erection  of  Workshops  and  Show  Room,  to  clear  the 
ground. 

Catalogues  of    the    Auctioneer,    Sydenham    Auction   Mart, 
Upper  Sydenham. 


(exceptional  opportunity 
interesting  Exhibition, 
further  parii 


particulars  will  appear  t 


Important  Unreserved  Sale  of  Specimen  Trees  and 
SHRUBS. 

MR.  BENTLEY  is  instructed  by  Messrs. 
W.  B,  Rowe  &  Co,  (Limited)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  THURSDAY,  November  iS,  at  it  AM.,  at  the  Nur- 
series. Barbourne,  Worcester,  about  300  remarkably  fine 
SPECIMEN  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  suiiable  for  Groups  in 
Parks,  Avenues.  &c.,  including  Cedrus  Deodara.  Cedrus 
atlantica,  Wellingtonia  giganiea,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana. 
Picea  Pinsapo,  Biota  aurea,  Abies  Douglasii,  Picea  nobilis, 
Thuia  Lobbii  and  gigantea.  Standard  and  Pyramid  Portugal 
Laurels,  and  many  other  Evergreens  and  Conifers  ;  also  a  laige 
assortment  of  Deciduous  Standard  Otnamenial  Trees,  etc. 
The  Lots  can  be  viewed  any  day,  on  application  at  the  Nur- 


TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  in  a  central  position 
in  one  of  the  largest  Manufacturing  Towns  in  Yoikshlre, 
a  FLORIST  and  FRUITERER'S  BUSINESS.  Saiisfactory 
reasons  for  leaving. 

Address  FLORIST,  Gardaim'  Chromdc  Office,   4r,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

In  the  Favourite  Locality  of  Wokinr,  Surrey. 
TO    NURSERYMEN. 

FOR  SALE,  FREEHOLD  LAND, 
particularly  suitable  for  Nursery  purpose^,  situate  within 
half  a  mile  of  Woking  S[ation,  and  in  the  immediate  neighb^ur- 
ho-id  cf  several  well-koown  Nursery  Gardens,  Ihrt  soil  i-,  deep, 
of  lighc  textures,  dry  and  easily  worked.  The  land  faces  and 
has  a  gentle  fall  towards  the  south,  thus  securing  good  natural 
drainage,  and  the  full  efTect  of  the  sun.  It  is  well  protected  on 
the  north  and  east,  and  besides  these  natural  advantages  the 
land  also  possesses  a  present  buildiDg  value,  it  being  accessible 
from  two  good  roads,  and  houses  are  being  erected  on  adjoining 
land.  HiKh  pressure  water  supply  laid  on.  No  tithe  or  land 
tax.     Facilities  given  for  payment. 

For  further  particulars  and  price,  apply  to  HERBERT  H, 
FULLER,  a6,  Charing  Cross,  London,  S.W. 


November  13,  i886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


611 


riley. 

TO  BE  LET,  in  consequence  of  advanced 
age,  CARNATIC  LODGE  GARDEN,  wilh  Vinery, 
54  ft.  by  13  ft. ,  small  Greenhouse,  and  2  acres  partly  cropped  with 
Strawberry  and  Bush  Fruit  in  good  bearing  form.  Very  good 
Vegetable  Ground.  In  the  Garden  is  a  most  desirable  Resi- 
dence. The  whole  of  the  Stock  and  Implements  at  fair  valua- 
tion, and  Furniture  if  required.  A  Fruit  Shop  in  the  town, 
where  a  splendid  season  trade  is  done,  can  be  taken. 


To  Market  Gardeners,  florists,  &c. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  immediate  possession, 
33  acres  of  LAND,  of  excellent  quality.  Well  adapted 
or  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberries,  Roses,  &C-  i+  miles  south.west 
rom  London,  and  i  mile  from  a  slaiion. 

For  terms  apply  to  Messrs.  DOWSETT  and  WOODS,  70, 
Lincoln's-Inn- Fields,  W.C. 


THE   LAWSON    SEED   and   NURSERY 
COMPANY  (Limited), 
In  Liquidation. 
NOTICE  IS  HEREBYGIVEN, that  all  PERSONS  having 
CLAIMS  against  this  COMPANY  must  lodge  the  same,  duly 
vouched,  with  the  Subscribers  as  Liquidators,   within  Twenty- 
rne  Days  from  this  Date,  and  that  all   Debts  due    to  the  said 
Compaiiy  must  in  future  be  paid  direct  to  the  said  Liquidators. 
GEO.  TODD  CHIENE,  C.A. 
JOHN  SCOTT  TAIT,  C.A 
67,  George  Slreet,  Edinburgh.  October  30,  i835. 

ANDRE  LEROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angers, 
France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS. 
CAMELLIAS.  ROSES.  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 
Qo,  Lower  Thames  Slreet,  London.  E.C. 

IMES   —    ELMS—  LIMES. 

STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best     red-twigged    variety,     12   to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  ftet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS   and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Northampton. 

HE  AUTUMN  for  FOREST  PLANTING 

and  HEDGING— Alder,  3  to  4  feet.  225.  per  1000. 
Ash,  2  to  3  feet,  17J,  per  1000 :  ditto,  ^  to  4  feet,  20J.  per  1000. 
Birch,  2  to  3  feet,  aar.  per  1000.  Spanish  i-hestnut,  2  to  3  feet, 
20J.  per  1000.  Eim,  2  to  3  feet,  i6i.  per  loco  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  (ett, 
aof.  per  1000.  Larch,  i  to  iJ4  foot,  \is  6d.  per  loao ;  ditto, 
1%  to  2  feet,  i+f.  per  1000 ;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  16s.  per  1000 ; 
ditto,  2%  to  3  feet.  tZs.  per  1000;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet,  22s.  per 
1000  ;  ditto.  5  to  6  feet.  j,^t.  per  1000.  Spruce  Fir,  1  to  1%  foot, 
lor.periooo;  ditto,  iJ4  to  2  feet,  \2s.  per  1000;  ditto,  2  to  aj^ 
feet,  i6j.  per  icoo  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  bushy,  los.  per  100.  Scotch 
Fir,  I  to  iJ4  foot,  131.  per  icoo  ;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  iSr.  per 
1030.  Hazels,  3  feet,  20J.  per  loco.  Oaks,  2  to  3  feet,  17^.  od. 
per  1000.  Sycamore,  2  to  3  feet.  16^.  per  1000;  ditto.  3  to  4 
leet,  20^.  per  1000.  Thorns,  \%  to  2  feet,  i^s.  per  looo  ;  ditto, 
2  to  2]/i  feet,  16s.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  20J.  per  1000.  Privets, 
2  to  3  feet,  i6s.  per  1000.  Privets  ovalifolium,  2  to  2%  feet, 
30J.  per  1000;  ditto,  4  feet,  extra  bushy,  12s.  per  100.  Beech, 
2  to  2\i  feet,  iSj.  per  icoo.  Myrabolana  Plum,  2  feet,  251.  per 
10:0.     Special  offer  by  50. poo  and  100,000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL.  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 

OODandCHEAP.— 

40,000  GOOSEBERRIES,  includm?  Whinham's 
Industry.  15,000  APPLES.  PEARS,  and  PLUMS,  strong 
and  hcilthy,  in  various  forms.  10.000  LAURELS.  Caucasian, 
Coramon,  and  Rotundifohura.  3  to  4  feet,  extra  fine.  30,000 
Oval  and  Evergreen  PRIVET,  ^.troog  and  bushy,  2  to  4  !eet. 
Also  large  stocks  of  Tree  BOX.  AUCUBAS,  THUIAS. 
POPLARS,  LABURNUMS.  LIMES,  SEAKALE,  &c. 
Special  low  quoutions  on  application.  Sample  of  small 
articles  free,  large  articles  for  stamps.  Our  special  offer  of 
choice  PEAS  and  other  SEED  will  be  ready  shortly. 

HARRISON  AND    SONS,  Seed  Growers.  Leicester. 

OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES. —  Gloire    de 

D.jon.  Marc'chal  Niel,  Che.hunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietca,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  8  to  12  feet  long,  in  7-inch  pots.  2J,  6rf.,  3s.  and  3J  6d. 
each:  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardini.  Et-ile  de  Lyon,  Madime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7inch  pots,  145.  and  301.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
TheLIVERPOULHORTICULTURALCO-Uohn  Cowan), 
Limited,  Tbe  Vineyard,   Garston,  Liverpool. 

SHRUBS  and  CONIFER.'E.— Lam-ustinus, 
2  feet,  bushy,  3"J.  per  100.  Arbutus  Unedo,  2  feet,  ios. 
per  100  Aucuba  japonica,  2  to  2J2  feet,  401,  per  100.  Box, 
Tree,  soits,  ij^  to  2  feet,  ics  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
i2f.  per  too.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  2%  feet,  \fs  per  i  o. 
Grislinia  littoralis,  2  feet,  35^.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay,  1%  to  2  feet, 
30J,  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  1J2  to  2  feet,  335.  per 
loo ;  ditto.  3  to  2K  feet,  401.  per  100.  extra  fine,  Abies 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  yzs.  per  lOO ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet.  4or.  per 
100  ;  ditto.  4  to  5  feet,  ^os.  per  too,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbricata,  2  to  2j^  feer,  421.  per  dozen:  ditto.  3  to 
3'/^  feet,  60s  per  dozen.  Cupressiis  lawsonii,  \%  to  2  feet, 
its.  per  100 ;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  20J.  per  100 ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
Sor.  per  100.  Cupressus  erecta  viridis,  i  !^  to  2  feet,  301.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet.  4or.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
\%  to  2  feet,  ^?i.  per  too  ;  ditto,  2  to  2^  feet.  40J.  per  loo, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniaaa.  2  feet,  40J.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2%  feet,  2-Sj^  per  ico^_  Special  offer  by  the 


GARLIES  MIICHELL,  Nu 


n.  Str; 


EVERGREENS,  for  immediate  eftecL     Well 
rooted  Specimens,  in  fine  condition  for  removal,  at  cheap 

ARBOR  VIT/E.  American,  4  to  5  feet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  ft. 

.,     ,.     Siberian.  4  to  5  feet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  feet. 
CUPRESSUS  LAWSONII,  4  to  s  ft.,  5  to  6  ft.,  and  6  to  8  ft. 

,,     „     erecta  viridis,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  to  6  ftet. 
LAUREL,  Common,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5  feet. 

.,     Colchic.  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  10  6  feet. 
LIGUSTRUM  OVALIFOLIUM,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5   feet. 
YEWS,  English,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  s  leet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  7  ft. 

,,     Irish,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  s  to  6  feet. 
THUIA  LOBBII,  5  to  6  feet,  6  to  7  feet,  and  8  to  10  feet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS.  •.  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  feet. 
WELLINGTONIA  GIGANTEA,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  s  feet. 
JNO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Royil  Nurseries,  Cii 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDY 

DAFFODILS. 

BAER  &  SON,  12,  King  St,  Oovent  Garden,  W.C. 


BARB'S  New  or  Rare  Hardy  Daffodils  for 

Pot-culture,  Flower  Beds  Borders.  &c.  For  descriptive 
Livt  of  Varieties,  see  Advertisement,  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle.  October  30  ;  or  send  for  B.  &  S.'s  lilustra'ed 
Daffodil  Catalogue,  free  on  application.  These  beautiful 
Daffodils  surpass  all  other  spring  flowers,  whether  u-ed  for 
in  or  ouldof.r  decoration,  and  as  cut  flowers,  vie  with  the 
Orchid  and  the  Rose.  In  the  London  Spring  Flow,  r 
Shows  for  aoyears  Ban's  Daffidils  have  occupied  a  leading 
position,  and  are  now  the  m^^st  favoured  flowers  of  sprinjj;. 

BARR'S  Inexpensive  Hardy  Daffodils  surpass  in  beauty 

and  effect  all  other  spring  fl  iwers  in  Beds,  Masses  in  Flower 
Borders,  Shrubberies,  for  Naturalising  in  Grass,  and  beside 
Streams,  Lakes,  Ponds,  or  for  Pot-culture.  As  a  Cut  Flower 
the  Daffodil  is  prized  beyond  all  others.  Its  culture  li  simple, 
growing  in  all  soils  and  all  situitions  ;  no  am^iunt  of  frost 
will  inj  lire  bulb  or  flower.  Grown  three  in  a  pot,  they  should 
be  treated  like  the  Hyacinth  :  or  if  forced  for  cut  flowers, 
planted  in  common  boxes  about  9  by  15  inches  and  4  inches 
deep,  the  bulbs  planted  close  together.  The  boxes  or  pots 
placed  out-of-doors  and  covered  with  ashes  or  cocoa-fibre, 
and  there  lett  till  the  tops  of  the  bulbs  have  grown  ab  lut  an 
inch.  The  pots  or  boxes  may  ihen  be  placed  under  gl.  ss  as  re- 
quired. A  warm,  moist  atmosphere  ensures  the  best  results, 
but  an  unhealed  greenhouse  might  be  kept  gay  with  these 
charming  flowers  from  January  to  May. 
For  Descriptive  List  of  inexf-ensivt  Daffodils  see  advertise' 
ntent.  tkeGARDE.VERS'  CHROiVICLE,  Nov.  6;  or  send 
forB.ifS.'s  lUustrated  DaffodilCatahgne./reeonafflication. 

Assortments  of  Daffodils  in  quantities  and 
prices  to  suit  all  gardens. 

TRUMPET   DAFFODILS,  inenpensive  varieties  for   Beds, 
Borders,  Naturalisation,  and  Pot-culture. 
3  each  of  12  varieties     ..  ..         ..         ••  ..       ^s  6d. 

loooiniz         ,\         g$s.od. 

TRU.VIPET  DAFFODILS,  new  or  rare  varieties,  for  Beds, 

Birders,  and  Pot-culture. 
I  each  of  12  varieties    ..  ..         ..     -js.  6d,,  lor.  6d.  and  15J. 

I     ,,  30       ,,  ..  .-  ■■  2if  ,  30J.  and  50J. 

3     ,,  la        ,.  ..  ..  air..  30J.  and  47J. 

3     ,,  20       „  ..  ..  ..  42J  ,  6or.  and  841. 

3     ,,  30       ,,  ..  ..  ..  60s.,  84J.  and  1301. 

NONSUCH  PEERLESS,  EUCHARIS-flowered,  &c..  DAF- 
FODILS, inexpensive  varieties  for  Beds,  Borders,  Natural- 

3S.6d. 

SS.  6d. 

ios.6d. 


FODILS, 
Pjt-cultu. 


POETICUS.  GARDENIA  flo 
LESS,  BURBIDGEI.   &c 
varieties,  for  Beds,  Bord< 
3  each  of 


50a 


:s.  for  Beds,  Borders,   and 

5s.  6d.,  7r.  6d.,  tot.  6/.,  and  ijr. 

15^.,  2ts  ,  3CJ  ,  and  50J. 
15s.,  215.,  30s.,  and  42 J. 
30s  ,  421.,  6or. ,  and  84J. 
5or.,  60s  ,  845..  and  r3os. 
red.  PRIMROSE  PEER- 
DAFFODILS,  inexpensive 
Naturalisation,  and  Pot-culture. 

7S.  6d. 
US.  6d. 


POETICUS,  GARDENIA-flowered  BURBIDGEI,  &c.,  new 

or  rare  varieties,  for  Beds,  Borders,  and  Pot -culture. 
1  etch  of  12  varieties  ..  ••       41.  6/.  and    7s.  6d. 

,       _,        JO         ,,  71,  6,1.  and  loj.  6d. 

I        ,        30         .,  ..         ..  ■■     tol.  6d,  and  151.  od. 


THE  MANY-FLOWERED  DAFFODIL  (POLYANTHUS 


NARCISSUS), 

and  Pot-cuUure. 

3  each  of  5  splendid 


for  Beds,  Borders, 

.  ai 


6d. 


5       „        5         „  „  51.  M. 

3,5         „  „  3'-6d. 

Choice  mixed  ..        per  100,  lai.  &/.  ;  per  doz.,  ir.  91/. 

Fine  mixed  lot.  6rf.:         „  ij.  6</. 

THE  MANY-FLOWERED  D.^FFODIL  (POLYANTHUS 

NARCISSUS),  for  Potcullura. 
6  each  of  12  splendid  varieties --     22r.  o</. 


ASSORTMENTS  OF  DAFFODILS.  EMBRACING 
TRUMPETS,  NONSUCH,  POETICUS,  &c,  inejepen- 

500  in  10  varieties,  45r.;  in  20  varieties,    63J. :  in  30  var.,    8of. 
no  in  to  varieties.  10s.  6d.;  in  20  var.,   151.;  in  30  var.,  21s, 
50  in  10  varieties,  js.  6d.;  in  17  var..  91.;  in  25  var.,  lit.  6d. 
30  in  10  varieties.  iS.  6d.\  in  r 5  var.,  7J.  6  A;  in  30  var..  121.61^. 
12  in  12  varieties         ..         3F.  6d.,  41.  6d..  55  6d.,  and  is.  6d. 
THE     ALDBOROUGH     COLLECTION     OF    CHOICE 
DAFFODILS-  TRUMPETS,    NONSUCH,    PEER- 
LKSS,       EUCHARIS  -  FLOWERED,       NELSON'S, 
BARR'S,  BURBIDGE'S,  &c  ,  DAFFODILS. 
3  each  of  50  varieties         . .  . .     63s.,  841.,  1051.,  and  130*. 

I       ,,         ,,         .,  ..  ..     21J..  301.,  4af.,  and  631. 

3  each  of  25  varieties        ..         ..     3-)j  ,  421.,  6ir.,  and  841. 
1       ,,         ,.         ,,  ,.  ..     loj. ,  6(/.,  i6f.,  25r.,  and  42f. 

5  each  of  12  varieties        ..         ..     15J  ,  air,  30J.,  and  42*. 
3      „        ,,        ,,  ..         ..     icj.  6^.,  151  ,  2ir.,  and  3or. 

a       „         ,,         „  ..  ..     7r  6(/. .  lor.  6ar.,  i5f..aad2U. 

I      ,,        ,,        ,,  ..         ..     5r.  6d.,  js.  6^.,  and  lar. 

THE  COMMEMORATIVE  'DAFFODIL  CONFEK- 
ENCE"  SET  OF  CHOICE  NARCISSUS,  embracin? 
nearly  all  the  sorts  of  Daffjdils  exhibited  on  the  occasioa  of 
the  sitting  of  the  Conference,  April  t,  1834. 

I  each  of  too  varieties 63X..   841.,  and  103*. 

3     „     „         ..  ..  ..  ..  ..      i8of.,240r  ,  and  3^0.. 

A  Few  very  Cheap  and  very  Beautiful 

Daffodils.  Per  100.   Per  dor. 

CHOICE  MIXED  DAFFODILS  for  natu-  s.  d.  s.  d. 
ralisaiion  or  for  shrubberies.. pericoo,4ar.       56  16 

FINE    MIXED   D.^FFODILS  for  naturali- 
sation or  for  shrubberies      . .  per  looo,  3or.       46  10 
liREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed 
varieties,  valuable  for  naturali- 
sation and  cutting,  periooo,  631,       76  13 
,.      ,     ,,     second-sized  bulbs,    per  1000.331.       46          09 
LENT    LILIES    OF     ENGLAND,    petals 
white,  trumpet  yellow,  valuible 
Daffodils      for      naturalisation. 

per  1000, 25J.      30  06 

.,     ,,     .,     second-sized  bulbs,  perrooo,  i$r.       26  04 

GARLAND  LILIES  OF  SCOTLAND, 
petals  white,  trumpet  yellow, 
valuable  Daffodil  (or  naturalisa- 
sation  ..  per  looo,  42J.       56  10 

,,     ,,     ,,     second-sized  bulbs,  periooa,  air.       30  06 

Trumpet  Daffodils. 

MAJOR,    uniform    rich    yellow    petals    and 

trumpet 15     o  a     S 

,.  second-sized  bulbs     10     6  16 

OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffidil).  very  early 

flowering,  uniform  petal  and  trumpet     12     6  30 

,,  extra-sized  bu  bs     176  a     6 

SPURIUS,  rich  full  yellow  petals  and  trum- 
pet, large  flower  ..  ..  ..      15     o  a     6 

,.  second-sized  bulbs     ro     6  16 

CAMBRICIUS,  sulphur-white  petals,  yellow 

trumpet  15     o  "     * 

PRINCEPS.  sulphur-white  petals,  very  large 

yellow  trumpet  126  a    6 

,  second-sized  bulbs    10    6  16 

PALLIDUS  PR/ECOX.  a  great  beauty,  uni- 
form pale  sulphur  petals  and  trumpet     15     o  26 
TELAMONIUS  PLENUS,  strong  flowering 

bulbs 76  "3 

,,     ,,  very  large  bulbs     10     6  16 

Chalice  Cup-shaped  Great  Nonsuch  Daffodils. 

CONCOLOR,  s-cond-sized,  flowering  bulbs..  12     6  23 
EDWARD    HART,   second-sized,   flowering 

bulbi 210  36 

FRANK    MILES,    second-sized,    flowering 

bulbs 21    o  36 

FIG  4RO.  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs         . .  15     o  26 

FAIRY,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs            ..8     6  16 

GLOW,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs             ..  76  13 

SUNLiriHT.  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs..  76  13 

SULPHUREUS,  second-sized.floweringbulbi  76  13 

ASTR/EA.  second-sired,  flowering  bulbs  76  13 

JOHN    BULL,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs  15     o  26 

LONGSHANKS,  second-sized  bulbs.-         ..  12    6  26 

SANCHO,  second-sized  bulbs 76  13 

ALBIDU3.  second-sized  bulbs 76  13 

ANNIE   BADEN,  second-sized  bulbs           ..  12    6  26 

CYNOSURE,  second-sized  bulbs                   ..  ij    6  a    6 

LORENZO,  second-sized  bulbs 2t     o  36 

STELH.  second-sized  bulbs 10     6  16 

BARRII  GOLDEN  MARY,  second-sized  bulbs    56  10 

„     SULPHURF.U-;,  second-sized  bulbi    ..76  13 

„     AOA   second-sized  bulbs 10     6  16 

„    JOHN     STEVENSON,    second  -  sized 

bulbs 21    o  36 

TheEuoharis-fiowered  Daffodils. 

LEEDSl  AMABILIS.  second-sized  bulbs    ..     21     o  36 

„     DUCHEbSof  BRABANT,  second-sized 

bulbs 21     o  36 

Sundry    Daffodils. 

HUME'S  SULPHUR,  second-sized  bulbs  ..      lo     6  16 

MrVCLEAYI,  second-sized  bulbs         ..         ..     lo    6  16 

ODORUS,  second-sized  bulbs  ..         ..       s    6  to 

RUGULOSUS.  second-sizel  bulbs     ..         ..56  10 

BUTTER  AND  EGGS,  second-sized  bulbs..      46  09 

EGGS  .».ND  B*CON,  second-sized  bulbs     ..76  13 

CODLINS  ANDCREAM.second-sizedbulbs     21     o  36 

Burbidge's  Daffodil. 

BURBIDGEI.  second-sized  bulbs        ..         ..76  13 

BIlZ.  Yellow  Poeticus,  second-sized  bulbs     . .     15     o  26 
DANDY.  White  Poeticus  second-sized  bulbs     10     6  16 
MARY  White  Poeticus,  second-sized  bulbs  ..     12    6  26 
ROBIN    HOOD,    White    Poetxus,    second- 
sized  bulbs        ..         ..         ..         ..126  36 

Poet's  Daffodil. 
POETICUS    ANGUSTIFOLIUS.     second- 
sized  bulbs        86  16 

,,     ORNATUS,  second-sized  bulbs  ..  ..8     6  16 

POETICUS  of  GARDENS 36  06 

GARDENIA  -  FLOWERED        DOUBLE 

WHITE  DAFFODIL        .,         ..76  16 

,,     ,,  smaller  bulbs      56  i    a 

PRIMROSE  PEERLESS  DAFFODIL,  per 

icooo,  3or.  ..         ..         ..         ..       36  06 

The  TRIPLE-GASHED  DAFFODIL        ..     15    o  26 

„     ,,  second-sized  roots     10     6  i     6 


BARR    &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


6l2 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  1886. 


CLIVIA     HIMANTOPHYLLUM, 
A  specialty. 
Seedling  Plants  of  the  best  varieties,   i-year,   31J.   id.   per 
too;  2-year.  631  pet  itjo  ;  3 -year,  i68j.  per  too.     These  last  are 
able  to  flower  this  winter. 

Seedlings  of  C.  LINDENI,  four  and  live  years,  in  bud,  51.  6d. 
each,  601.  per  dozen.     Sefds  of  the  best  sorts,  151.  per  too. 
ED.    PYNAERT.    Ghent. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,   Hereford. 

Established,  1785. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 

These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  unsurpassed  for  the  cultivation  of 

BOS£S    and    FBUIT    TBEE3. 


JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO. 

are  now  offering  from  their  magnificent  stock 
ROSES,    Standard    Hybrid     Perpetual,     and 

others,  xzs..  i8j.  to  24s.  per  dozen. 

„     Standard   Tea-scented,   fine   heads,    iSj-, 

2^5.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 

„     Dwarf   Hybrid  Perpetual,   %s.   to   12^-.  per 
„     Dwarf  Tea-scented,  all  on  the  Brier  stock, 

I2S.,  15^.,  to  18^   per  dozen. 

Roses  for  Greenhouses  and  for  Forcing, 

SPECIALLY  GROWN  UNDER  GLASS. 
"  The  Largest  and  Plnest  Stock  In  the  Kingdom." 
ROSES,  Specimen  Tea-scented,  in  Sand  9-inch 

pos. 

„     Half-Specimens,  in  6  and  Sinch  pots. 
„     Smaller  sizes,  in  4  and  5-inch  pots. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

AN  IMMENSE  STOCK. 
Standards,  Pyramids,  Dwarf-trained,  Horizontal- 
trained,  Cordons,  &c.,  of 
APPLES,    PEARS,    PLUMS,    CHERRIES, 
PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  APRICOTS, 
CURRANTS,  GOOSEBERRIES,  &c. 


ORCHARD-HOUSE    TREES. 
Fine  bearing  Trees,  well  ripened  under  Glass. 

VINES— Extra  fine  Fruiting  Canes. 
STRAWBERRIES— A  large  Collection— well- 
rooted  Runners. 


Descriptive  CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTOM  &  CO., 

KING'S  ACRE  NURSERIES,  HEREFORD. 
TO    THE    TRADE    AND    LARQE    GROWERS. 


VIOLETS      FOR      SALE. 

Marie  Louise  and  Confite  Brazza. 

EXTRA    STRONG   CLUMPS,    FULL  OF  FLOWEK  AND  BUDS. 
For  price  ptr  103  or  loco.  apply  at  once  to 

JOHN     ROBERTS, 

THE    GARDENS,    TAN  Y  BWLCH,    NORTH   WALES. 

ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  8.f 
per  dozen,  6oj.  per  loo.  STANDARDS,  \'-,s. 
per  dozen,  105X.  per  100.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  Worldfumed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
i^ive  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  i8j-.  to  36.;.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


VICGAR8  COLLYER  &  CO., 

Central  Nurseries,  Glenfleld,  near  Leicester, 

nVIee.nms-'  CENTRAL.  Leicester"), 
INTRODUCERS  of  ihe  no*  famous  "  Wilsoi  Junior  " 
BLACKBERRY,  price  is.  per  dozen.  ;oi.  per  ico  (Vders 
now  being  executed  from  home-grown  phnts  produced  from 
raiser's  own  st-^ck.  These  are  lifting  in  splendid  form.  Full 
particulars,  wiih  instructions  for  culture  and  ijlustrations  of 
training,  gratis  and  post-free. 

Send  tor  ciicalars,  with  particulars  aad  analysis  of 
COLLYER'S  DRY  CONCENTRATED  PURE  OR- 
GANIC MANURE,  gratis  and  post-free.  This  has  already 

THE   GOMINa   JUBILEE. 

"  Nursery"  Rhyme  and  Reason 
To  keep  the  coming  Jubilee, 
Ard  manifest  our  Loyalty, 
Thus  emulating  Royalty, 
Let  each  one  plant  a  tree. 
The  above  idea  will  be  largely  entertained,   and  it  will 
certainly  l^e  pUa^ant  to  have  in  all  parts  ol  the  kingdom 
livirg    rtm-mbrancps    of    our    illustrious    Queen's   Jubilee. 
A'mjst  ail  endlesj  thiice  can  be  made  either  for  beauty,  or 
benefit,  or  both.     Now  is  a  good  lime  to  oider  to  secure 
select   plant.s.       We    have    several    seedlings    in    difTerent 
depanmerjts  that  will  be  called  Jubilee,  one  or  two  for  the 
^prlnp,  and  the  remainder  fur  the  auiumn  of  next  year. 
Send  for  Catalogues  and  Special  Fruit  Lists  free. 


HERBACEOUS 

AND    ALPINE    PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  of  50  Piges,  containing  fall  informaiion  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,  time  of  llojreriDg,  &c  .  free  on 
application. 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDERS,  from  255.  i-e:  too,  or  ys.  per  dozen. 

Most  of  the  Plants  being  in  Pots  may  be  despatched  at  any 
time,  or  by  Parcel  Post  when  fit. 


RICHARD      SMITH      &      CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS. 

WORCESTER. 

NARCISSUS 

AND 

DAFFODILS. 

WARE'S    SPECIAL    CATALOGUE 

of  these  is  deserving  of  the  attention  of  all  who 
take  any  interest  in  this  important  family,  seeing 
that  it  includes  almost  every  variety  in  culti- 
vation which  can  really  claim  to  be  distinct  or 
effective.  All  the  forms  are  fully  described,  and 
many  of  the  most  important  are  illustrated. 

Copies  of  the  above  CATALOGUE  may  be 
had  upon  application  to 

THOMAS    S.    WARE, 

HALE     FARM    NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 


OREST, 


«^    ALL    OTHER 


•gREES  &  lp)LANTS, 


,oS«|,e*<=^^^^s^*\. 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


CAeitTtr 


^O  THE  TRADE.— Green   EUONYMUS. 

splendid,   well-grown  stuff,    i   foot,   la*. ;  i^  foot,  i6j.  ; 
251.  per  100  ;  very  strong  and  bushy. 


A.  U.  GORRINGE.  75. 


>  Road,  Eastbourne. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(Established  1796),  will  forivard,  for  Six  Stamps.  th;ir 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition) 
See  Gardeners'  CkronkU  of  Sepl  4,  p.  2j8.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trans 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

PftlZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBS'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob    and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  early  as  convenient  to 

Mr.    COOPER,   FRHS,    Calcot  Gardens.    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  s^rts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAMPHLETS     on    application. 

JARMAN'S^BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.     PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 


LARGE       DESCRIPTIVE       CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Complete  Guide  /or  Amateurs.     Gratis  and  Post-free. 


Specialties  — Garden  Seeds,  1886. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.'S 

VynOLESALE  LIST  of  their  SPECIAL- 
'*  TIES  in  NEW  PEAS  and  other 
VEGETABLE  SEEDS  is  now  ready,  and 
will  be  forwarded,  post-free,  to  the  Trade,  on 
application. 

A  Copy  has  been  posted  to  all  CHARLES 
SHARPE  AND  CO.'S  regular  Customers.  If 
any  have  not  been  received  they  will  be  glad  to 
be  informed,  that  another  may  be  senL 


CHARLES  SHARPE  k  CO., 

SEED  WAREHOUSE,  SLEAFORD. 


CR0UX&FIL8, 

Nuraerymen, 

Vallee    d'Aulnay, 

chatenay    (seine), 

Great  Specialty  : 

Trained  Fruit  Trees, 


3.— Two  Large  Prizes, 
of  the  Legic 
Hoaour. 


November  13,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICEE. 


613 


B.        S.        ^V  I  LL  I  A  M  S' 

ANNUAL 

EXHIBITION  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  ETC., 

IS   NOW   ON   VIEW   AT  THE 

VICTOEIA    AND     PABADISE     NUBSEEIES, 

UPPER     HOLLOWAY,     LONDON,     N. 
Admission  Free  to  Patrons  of  the  Establlsliment,  or  on  Presentation  of  Card. 


s 


s 


H 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
NorthRow.CoventGarden.  London.W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H     AND      BARNHAM, 

giving  personal  attenlion  to  all   cmsienni'Jiits,  ihey  are 
enabled  to  obiain  the  HIGHEST  MAKKET  PRICE. 

QUELCH      AND      BARNHAM, 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES   forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Orape  Vines  and  Strawberries  (in  pots). 

FRANCIS  R.   KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
Stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  apphcation. 

Sheen  Nurseries.  Richmond,  Surrey. 

KENTIA  SEEDS.— A  new  importation  just 
come   to  hand  ;    75  per  cent,  guaranteed  to  germinate. 
For  Trade  price  and  samples  write  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr..  Breslau.  Germany. 

ILIUM      AURATIImT—  Good,      plump, 

sound  Bulbs,  6j.,  gf.,  I2i.,  i8j.,  and  241.  per  dozen; 
extra  strong,  305.  and  42J.  per  dozen.  All  other  goi.d  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S  Esiabli.hment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

ELLEBORUS      NIGER,      Imported. 

HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  extra  large  English  clumps. 
LILIUM  AURATUM,  (  j.,„„  ,,„,„ 

LONGIFLORUM,  1/'°'"  J'P"' 
Special  low  offers  on  application  to 
WATKINS  AND  SIMPsON.  Seed  and   Bulb   Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Sttand.  London,  W.C. 

EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  Sowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  lo  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  izi.  to  24^.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

LAING'S  DUTCH  BULBS.  —  The  finest 
Roots.  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  NARCISSUS.  CRO- 
CUS, SNOWDROPS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  bPIR.«A, 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs.  Importations  from  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Bulb  Merchants.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

ASPARAGUS,    Forcing    Roots.      Must    be 
cleared.      Building  Land.      Sample  and  price. 
FREEMAN    and    FREEMAN,        Norwich. 

There  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  suppltei  3->r.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  35.   each. 
All  the  finer  eld  kinds  at  ts.  to  21,  each 

SP1R/«A  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot^ 

The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedhng.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     Fiist 
class  Certificate.  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Large  Canes,  £\  per  100,  gr.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowance  to  Tr;,de.     5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A.  FAULKNER.  Inkpen,  Hungerlord. 

Specla.1   Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  for 
Sale  500,000  RHODODENDRONS,  varying  m  size 
from  4  to  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet — Cunningham's  White. 
Jacksocii,  cawcasicum,  pictum,  Seedling  Hybrids,  Hybrid 
ponticnm,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plants. 
HOLLIES,  CONIFERS,  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quantities;  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis  and  post- 
free,  on  application  to  the  Nurseries.  Milton,  Stoke-on-Trent. 

Hartland'B  Original 
"T   ITTLE      BOOKE,"     DAFFODILS, 

-l-J    COWSLIPS,  OXMPS,  and  PRIMROSES. 

The  severe  satirical  reraa-ks  of  "  G  H.  E  "  all  about  Jacob's 
Stone,  The  Lost  Tribes  (the  Irtsh  ?J  and  ^Esthetics,  appearing 
in  the  Garden  of  October  2,  on  the  above  ■'  Little  Booke,"  are 
row  published  in  combination  with  "  W.  B.  //.'s"  reply  (in 
full),  dealing  with  the  history  of  ' '  luhite  "  and  other  Trumpet 
Daffodils  as  found  among  the  lost  tnbes?  It  may  be  had  free 
for  a  good  sized  stamped  envelope.  "The  Booke,"  what  little 
of  it  is  left,  may  still  be  had  (over  50  pages)  for  one  shilling  ; 
but  in  all  cases  has  been  presented  Gratis  with  Daffodil  orders. 

W.  B.  HARTLAND'S  Old  EstablUhed  Garden  Seed  Ware- 
hotise,  24,  Patrick  Street,  C^rk. 


RHODODENDRONS. 

The  best  varieties  in  cuhivation.  including  many  kinds  of  cur 
own  raising,  of  superior  merit.  Also,  choice  Hybrid  Seedlings, 
in  all  sizes.     For  desciiotion  and  Price  see  CATALOGUE. 

AZALEAS. 

An  immense  stock  of  Azalea  mollis  Seedlings,  fine  bushy 
plants,  covered  with  blr^om-buds,  Zs.  to  gr.  per  dozen^  50J.  to 
6oi.  per  100.  Also,  Azalea  puntica,  well-budded  plants,  41.  to 
6j.  per  dozen. 

GENERAL  NURSERY  STOCK  in  the  finest  condition  for 
transplanting.     CATALOGUE  on  application. 
ISAAC   DAVIES   &   SON, 
NURSERYMEN,    ORMSKIRK,    LANCASHIRE. 

V' '  CHEAP    OFFER}    IN 

»    CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 
100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 


,  for  4 


.  635., 


05s. 


Other  ofifers  and  in  ; 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application. 
Varieties  of  the  following:  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS.  6j.  ;    12  Yellow-fliwered,  12s. 
12  PINKS,   Lared   Flowers,  4s,  and  6s.,  strong  plants. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA,  covered  with  flower  buds,  iSj.  and  241. 
12     ,,     MOLLIS,  ditto,  fine  for  cutting,  12s.  and  tSj. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  coveted  with  flo*er  buds,  211.,  301..  42J. 
12  CROTONS,  choice  varieties,  6...  9s.,  121. 
12  DRACAENAS,  choice  varieties,  6j.,  qs.,  t2i ,  181. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  (or  cool  or  warm  house,  in  12,  24, 
or  36  varieties,  at  2ir.  and  42r.  per  dozen. 
,.     100  varieties,  4oor.  ;  50  varieties,  iocs,  and  r.rjrDj. 
1000  BULBOUS  FLOWER  ROOIS,  211. 


E.     G.     HENDERSON     &.     SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 

JERSEY    FRUIT   TREES. 

Carriage    Paid    f.r    Cash   with  flrder.       Write    for    Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  Vrew 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21- 

These  are  very  strong  dw.irf  bushes,  selected  from  amongst 
thousands,  and  we  shall  be  happy  to  send  Sample  Trtei 
Gratis  ana  Carriage  Paid  on  application. 

Cannell     &    Son's 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

OUR  VAST  STOCK  of  PLANTS,  both  in 
4  and  5-inch  pots,  throwing  up  cuttings,  and  cuttings 
from  our  flowering  plants  are  now  ready,  aud  supplied  by  return 
of  past,  of  all  the  sorts  in  culiivaiion  worth  growing.  Price-, 
and  the  best  Descriptive  Illustrated  Catalogue  ever  published, 

T.    Walker,    Esq..    Crovinor  House.   Portsmouth. 
November  6,  i886. 
"  Plants  to  hand  in  first-class  cr-ndition,  having  been  pactel 
with  great  skill  and  care.     If  all  your  orders  are  executed  in  the 
same  manner  as  this  jour  custrm-ers  should  give  jou  more  testi- 
monials than  you  can  ever  make  use  of." 


FT  CANNELL  &SONS^ 

^        BOX.OF  JNSIBUMENTS     ^im 
.R  DRESilNfeCHRYSANTHMiBfiS 


THE    HOME   OF    FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY,    KENT. 


ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS.  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, rr.  per  dozen  ;  55.  per  rco. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,   is.  per  dozen:  4J.   per  too:  35J. 

violas"  and  bedding  PANSIES  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  \s.bd.  perdoz;  8s.  per  100. 

250,000  of  the  finest   Hardy  Perennials, 

all  best  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  6j.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3s.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  jr.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  31.  «</.  per  d  izen. 
PHLOXES,  t  year,  3^.  ;  2  years,  51-  per  dozen. 
PYRETHRUMS.  41.  per  dozen  ;  2jj.  per  too. 
PRIMROSES,  double   white,  lilac  and   sulphur,  3s.    id.  per 

dozen. 
PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 
Mined  C«:rman  IRIS,  25.  6J.  per  dizeu. 
Mixed  English  IRIS.  rr.  per  dozen  :  5J.  per  loo 
HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  41.  per  dozen ;  2S». 

per  100. 
DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shales,  31.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  PERENNIALS   in  variety,  for  continuous  blorjni, 

12  kinds,  3r  :  25  kinds.  6s.  ;  50  kinds.  1  is.  6a.  ;  100  varieties, 

30^.  :  too  plants  in  50  varieties,  28..  ;  200  varieties,  60J. 

Stove  and  Greenbouss  Plants 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  ;  live  houses  from  100  to  120 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  for  winter  and  spring  stock,  12  varieties,  6s.  ;  35 
varieties,  I5«.  ;  50  varieties,  35J. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 

APPLES,  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 
gs.  and  I2r.  per  dozen  ;  Standards,  gs  ,  t2s..  and  i8j.  per 
dozen  ;  dwarf-lrained,  i8f.,  21  J.,  and  2  ij.  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  2j.  6i.  to4J.  perdoien, 

RASPBERRIES,  ij  to  21.  per  dozen  ;  6s  to  12s.  oer  100. 
RHUBARB.  4S.  to  6s.  per  dozen  CATALOGUES  free 
STRAWBERRIES,    35  of  the  best  varieties,   ground   plants. 

2J.  6d.  per  100  ;  in  2j4-inch  pots,  10s.  6d.  per  100  ;  in  5  tnch 

pots,  for  forcing,  255.  per  100. 
VINES,  to  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  3J. 

to  5f.  each  ;  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  js.  6d.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Roses. 

Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  of  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.   ROSES 

free,  for  js.  ;  50  fir  25J.  ;  too  for  45J. 
MOSSES.  CLIMBERS,   NOISETTES,  &c  ,  6s.  per  dozeo. 
CATALOGUES  free. 


Many  thousands  of  these  in  a  I  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
most  heal  hy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
FORESTTRkES  of  sorts,  6s.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  per  too. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  to  gs.  per  dvzen  ;  401.  and  60s. 

DECIDUOUS,  a'l  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  ^^.  per  dozen; 

RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet,  pink,  cruuson,  &c  , 

shades,  r8s.  and  24s.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,   lor   hedges,   5s.   per   ico  :    45s. 

per  tooo. 
THORN  QUICKS.  20J.  and  25s.  per  tooo. 

^^  Everything  wanted  /or  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.     CLIBRAN    &     SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,   ALTRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 


THE  BEST  FOSF.S. 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  &c. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOWERING  SHRUBS 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES. 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c  , 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

{adjoining  Waltham   Cross   Stition,    Great    Eastern    Railway, 


Cross  Stition,  Great  Eastern 
I  hour  Irom  London).  Prices  as  low  as  possible, 
nvited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 


Ins  pec- 


SEEDLING         BRIERS 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 
NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

15s.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30s.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection) 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CAIALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  e.rch  variety,  free  for  -jd.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOY.-ON,  Caen.  Cjrlvados,  France. 

Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E  ;   and  Bush  HIU 
Park  Nursery,  Enfield. 

HUGH      L  O  W     <&     C  O. 

Invite  inspection  of  the  stock  in  these  Nurseries — immense  in 
extent,  fine  in  qualitv,  moderate  in  price— comprising  AZA- 
LEAS, CAMELLIAS,  CYCLAMEN,  CONIFERS.  EPA- 
CRIS.  ERICAS.  FEVNS.  FRUIT  TREES,  GRAPE 
VINES,  GREENHOUSE  ard  DECORATIVE  PLANTS 
HARDY  SHRUBS  ORCHIDS,  PALMS,  PKLARGONI- 
UMS,  ROSfS,  STOVE  and  SOFT-WOODED  PLANTS. 
TREE  CARNA'TIONS,  &c.  MARECHAL  NIEL  ROSE, 
many  thousands,  in  pots,  grand  plants,  5  to  12  feet  in  length, 
i8s.  to  60s.  per  dozen. 

274,600  Superficial  Feet  of  Glass. 


6i4 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  18 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 


FOR  PLANTING 


In  Masses,  Shrubb3ries&  Borders. 


HTACINTHS,     equal    q  lanlilies    red.  J.     d.  s.    d 

white,   and  blue      150  0  16    0 

TOLIfS,  double  or  siuRle,  fine  mixed   ..  40  0  4     6 

NARCISSUS,  m^xed  border     25  0  3     0 

NARCISSUS,  sweet,  cented  double  ....  50  0  6     6 

NARCISSUS,  Pheasant-eye     30  0  3     6 

DAFFODIL,  double  yellow 30  0  3     6 

DAFFODILS,  sirgle  Trumpet 25  0  3    0 

CROCUS,  fine  mixed 12  6  16 

CROCUS,  Eoldec-jellow    10  6  13 

CROCUS,  laree  blue  13  6  16 

CROCUi,  Urge  white 14  6  19 

CROOnS,  large  s-.iiped       14    6  19 

IRIS,  fine  mixed  f  p. ni,h 20  0  2     6 

ORNITHOGALni>I(Stiro(  Bethlehem)  30  0  3     6 

BLUEBELLS 30  0  3    6 

SCILLAPR,«0OXorSIBIRI0A   ...,  30  0  3    6 

SN0WDR0P3 21  0  2    6 

WINTER  ACONITES,  yellow..... 21  0  2    6 


All  Parcels  Cnrrleisc  Fi-i 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE. 
Sbedsmeh 


'  RovAL  Command 
HR.H.  THE  Pmi 


H.M.  THE   Que 
OF  Wales, 


238) 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


"/i 


J 


APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  offering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-cla&s  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  51  each;  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurserits,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


LILIUm    LONGIFLORUM    FLORIBUNDUU 

This  is  the  handsome  free-flowering  Easter  Lily,  imported 
direct  from  Bermuda,  invaluable  for  pot  culture,  its  pure  white 
flowers  being  borne  in  the  greatest  profusion. 

Flowering  Bulbs,  245.  per  dozen. 

IiILIOM  AURATUM,  by  the  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand, 

at  41.,  6j.,  91.,  I2J.,  i8.-.,  and  24J.  per  dozen, 

BULB       CATALOGUE. 

containing  Priced  Li^t  of  Lilies,  free  on  application. 

WILLIAM       BULL.       F.L.S., 

Establi-hment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants, 
536,     KING'S     ROAD.     CHELSEA.     LONDON,     S.W. 

VINES. — Strong    and  extra    strong,  ripened 
without  bottom-heat  ;  leading  varieties,  5J.,  7^.  (>d.,  and 

JAS,  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  '■Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 


SUTTON'S 


203   Value 
Carriage   Free 


[BULBS. 


PRICED    LIST    POST    FREE. 


ROYAL    BERKS   SEED    EST.VBLISHMENT. 
BEADING. 


FINE     SPECIMENS      of     STOVE     and 
GREENHOUSE    FLOWERING  PLANTS  and  EX- 
OTIC FERNS. 

Apply,  HY.  JOHNSTON,  Elm  Ridge,  Darlington 

SEA  KALE  for  Forcing,  superior  selected 
Crowrs,  Q-J.  per  roco  ;  under  500  lor,  per  100.  Orders 
to  he  acO'mpanied  by  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order  — ALERED 
ATWOOD.  Crower,  51.  ih.llington  Sireet,  B^Uersea.  S.W. 

Important  Notice. 
/CRANSTON'S    NURSERY     AND     SEED 

\J  CO  .  Lim.ted.  offer  an  unusually  fir,e  lot  of  Standard. 
Half-Standard,  and  Dwaif  H>bnd  Perpetual,  Tea-scented. 
Moss,  Noisette  and  other  ROSES,  "all  fjcm  open  ground," 
both  on  Manetti  and  Seedling  Brier  Stocks,  at  vtry  low  piices. 
Quotations  and  Lists  will  be  forwjrded  en  application.  This 
portion  of  the  Stock  was  not  included  in  the  purchase  by 
Messrs.  JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO. 


D 


WARE  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest  kinds. 

The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 


ifor 


,,  ,.    3,  too  ridiculous  to  name,   1 

cash  may  certainly  make  advantageous  terms. 
CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 


New  Early  Peas. 

To  the  Trade  and  Growers  for  Early  Ma-ket. 

EARLY   KENILWORTH   and  WILLIAM 
THE  CONQUEROR, 
1  hese  two  gems  have  no  equals  for  Earliness,  Cropping.  Coloi 


and  Table  Quality, 
TestimoniaL  and  price  Iree  on  applit 
W.  BURBUKY,  Seedsman,  &c.,  The  Crei 


,  Ken 


>ith- 


J.    ^VEEKS    &    CO.'S 

PATENT  DUPLEX  UPRIGHT  TUBULAR  BOILER, 


W 


With  Hollow  Furnace  Bars,   Patent  Diaphragm,   and  Fuel  Economiser. 

EEKS'S  BOILERS  are  beyond  all  comparison  those 
which  offer  the  Greatest  Value  to  Purchasers,  and 
most  combined  advantages  to  Gardeners.  Their  merits  so  far 
exceed  those  of  any  other  Boiler  that  almost  every  new  Boiler 
brought  into  the  market  in  some  degree  imitates  them,  and  this 
notably  with  respect  to  the  Hollow  Furnace  Bars,  the  use  of 
which  has  been  advocated  by  J.  WEEKS  and  CO.  upwards  of 
40  years,  and  who  have  proved  that  the  Water  gains  on  an  average 
from  20  to  25  degrees  of  heat  in  its  passage  through  their  Hollow 
Furnace  Bars  before  entering  the  Boiler. 


^*    Full  particulars,  and  Illustrated  Price  List  of  Boilers,  also  New 
Book  of  Designs,   iT,th  edition,  post  free  on  application. 


Address  — J.     WEEKS     &     CO., 

Horticultural  Engineers  and  Patentees, 

KING'S    ROAD,     CHELSEA,     S.W. 


NbVEMBBli  13,  l8?6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


615 


. PAUL  &  SON 

Respectfully  invite  attention  to  the  following 
SPECIALTIES . ■ 

PAUL'S- Bulbs -WALTHAM     CROSS. 


POLYANTHUS       NARCISSUS, 

from  25.  per  dozen. 
CROCUS,  from  i,t.  6rf.  per  100. 
SNOWDROPS,  Double  and  Single, 

1  rd  rN\I  LlbSI  JONQUILS,  ANEMONES,  RANUN- 
LI  LUSFS  LILIES  GLADIOLI,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPIR/EAS   &c     (.help  ind  good.     See  Catalogue. 

PAUL'S -Roses -WALTHAM     CROSS. 

I ;- 1  STANDARDS,  from  im.  per  doz. 

I  /''^r:^-,  I  DWARF  STANDARDS,  from  los. 

DWARFS,  from  6s.  per  dozen. 
CLIMBING,  from  ts.  per  dozen. 
FORCING,  iu   Pots,  from  su    per 
dozen.  [dozen. 

NEW  VARIETIES,  from  i8j.  per 
The  Rose  Gnrdeii,  by  WmPaul, 
F.L.S:,8th  edition, with  plates,  211.; 
the  same  without  plates,  las.  kd. 
The  Rose  Animal,  v/ith  plates,  six 
parts.  41.  each.  Roses  in  Pots,  5th 
edition.   25.      Roses  atitt  Rose  Cut- 


PAUL'S-Camellias-WALTHAIVl    CROSS. 

The    Largest    and   Finest  Stock    in 

Europe. 
GOOD    PLANTS,    from    21s.    per 

SPECIMENS,  from  i  to  30  guineas 
each. 
\  Z  (\  L  E  A  S  ,  Winter-blooming 
HEATHS,  FPACRISES,  GAR- 
DENIAS, STEPHANOTIS.  LA- 
PAGKRI.'VS  and  other  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

HERBACEOUS    PLANTS -.•> 

choice  collection. 


SJ-t-J 


PAUL'S -Trees -WALTHAM     CROSS, 


C\i 


\t^ 


-PL\NEb,     LIMES,     and 

I     .        I         o  her    AVENUE    and 

^%'\       I         P\RK  TREES,  from  I 

>,        \    WFEPING    TREES    „     i 

'  I    I   O  W  E  R  I  N  G 

SHRUBS  ..     „     2 

F\!-RGREEN         ..     „     2 

1  K  lORIAL  TREES  „     i 

IKIDODENDRONS, 

Seedlings  ..      ,,     2 

Named  sorts       ..     „     i 

Pt,  \   CLIMBING  PLANTS,,     t 
'^      I'laiitms  Done  by  Esiimai 


PAUL'S- Seeds -WALTHAM    CROSS. 

of  the  first  quality,  and  low  in  price. 
VFI  ETABLESEEDSforautumn 
^ov.  c  PE\S.BE.\NS,CABBAGE, 
C\ULIf  LOWER,  CARROT, 
CkLsb  CUCUMBER.LETTUCE 
ML  SI  \RD,  ONION.  RADISH, 
bf  IN\    H,  TURNIP,  &c 

FLOWER  SEEDS,  various,  for 
1  1  m  owing:  CINERARIA, 
LVLCEOLARIA,  PRIMULA, 
\CLAMEN,  BALSAM, 
\sl  ERb  &c.  :  the  finest  florists' 
tr  ins  are  always  on  sale. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  5s.  per 

I     h    MAIS.  KNIVES.  GLOVES. 

TOO  LS  and  every  garden  requisite. 

(  L\DIOLUS,    BRENCHLEY- 

ENblS    I  ne,  51.  per  100,  is.  per  doz. 

PAUL'S-FruitTrees-WALTHAM  CROSS. 

APPLES,    PEARS,  CHERRIES. 
PLUMS,  Standards,  from  155.  doz- 
Pyr;        " 


Dvv 


ned 


led    75.  td.  each. 
APRICOTS,    PEACHES,    and 
NECTARINES,       Dwarf- 
trained,  from  30s.  per  doz. 
Stindord-trained.  ^s.  6d.  each. 
GRAPE  VINES,  2s.  6d.  to  10s.  id. 
FIGS,  2S.  f>d.  to  «.  6rf.  each.    [each. 
RASPBERRIES,  from  12J.  bd.  per 

STR.WBERRIES,    fr  m  3s.   per 
FILBERTS,  from  6s.  per  dozen, 
CURRANTS    a-d    GOOSE- 
BERRIES, from  3S.  per  doz. 

Goods  PaoKel  for  all  parts  of  tlie  world 

^S=  Full Descriftire  niut  Priced  C.-t  TALOGUES  mill  be 
forwarded,  post-free,  on  application.  Special  and  Reduced 
Price  ivltere  large  quantities  are  required.    Inspection  invited. 


HELLEBORES, 

OR 

CHRISTMAS    ROSES. 

/  am  very  pleased  to  be  able  to 
offer  a  magnijicent  lot  of  Christmas 
Roses,  probably  the  finest  lot  in  the 
trade.  All  the  varieties  now  offered 
are  strong  Home-grow7i  Clumps, 
full  of  Flower-bnds,  and  I  would 
advise  Early  Orders  to  secure 
them,  as  I  know  the  stock  oj  fine 
Clumps  is  very  limited  this  season. 

NIGER     CAUCASICUS. 

An  intermediate  form  between  major  and  maximum, 
having  dark  mottled  stems  and  dark  green  erect  foliage. 
The  flowers  are  large  and  very  conspicuous,  pure  white 
when  flowered  in  a  cold  frame  or  even  where  protected 
by  shrubs,  but  when  fully  exposed  the  ouiside  of  the 
petals  are  slightly  tinted  with  rose.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
vigorous  of  the  Christmas  Roses,  and  one  which  will 
succeed  where  some  of  the  ordinary  varieties  fail. 
Fine  Strong  Clnmpi  full  of  Flmver-buds,  \s.  6d.  and 
Qs.'ed.   each,    i8i.   and  24.J.  per  dozen. 

MADAME    FOCJRCADE. 

Ttiis  is  a  gem  ;  flowers  of  medium  size,   snow-white, 
and  produced  in  tlie  greatest  profusion,  the  very  smallest 
plants  flowering  ;    the  foliage  is  light  green,  of  a  spread- 
ing habit,  and  a  very  robust  grower,  quite  distinct. 
Strong  Flowering  Clump!,    u.  bd.  and  2J.  bd.  inch, 
iZs.  and  2-iJ.  per  dozen. 

MAJOR. 

Although  this  plant  is  Irequ-inlly  offered,  it  is  seldom 
to  be  obtained  true  to  name,  owing  to  its  great  value  for 
cutting  purposes.  The  flowers  are  pure  while  under 
glass,  but  have  a  slight  rosy  tinge  in  the  open  ;  it  is  the 
greatest  favourite  among  market  growers,  producing 
flowers  from  December  to  January.  It  is  a  grand  variety 
for  potting,  the  foliage  is  so  close  and  compact,  and  the 
flowers  abundant. 

Fine  Strong  Clumps,  full  of  Flower-buds,    is.  6d.  and 
2s.  6d.  each,  JSJ.  and  a+r.  per  dozen. 

MAXIMUS. 

A  robust  variety,  the  largest  of  the  group,  and  very 
ornamental  as  a  foliage  plant.  The  blossoms  are  large 
and  white,  shaded  with  rose  on  the  exterior,  and  gener- 
ally produced  in  twos,  but  if  shaded  or  a  glass  placed 
over  the  plants  the  flo  vers  are  then  pure  white.  By 
shading,  the  flowers  can  be  retarded  even  to  December. 
Ii  is  the  most  vigorous  of  the  section,  and  succeeds  where 
many  of  the  others  fail  to  grow. 
E.xtra    Strong    Flowering  Clumps,     zs.   6d.,    31..     and 

4J.  6d.  each;    245.,  30^.,  and  48J.  pir  dozen. 

Smaller    but    still    Flowtring.     u.    aiid    \s.  6d.    each, 

los.  6d.  and  15J.  per  dozen. 

RUBRA. 

One  of  the  most  distinct  and  novel  of  this  group,  a 
veritable  red  Christmas  Rose.  The  flowers  are  large, 
produced  about  the  end  of  January,  and  are  of  a  lovely 
rose  colour.  It  is  a  robust  grower,  very  free  blooming, 
and  a  decided  acquisition  for  cutting  purposes. 
Strong  Flowering  Clumps,  2;.  6i.  each, 
24-r.  per  dozen. 

NIGER. 

COLLECTED         PLANTS. 

I  have  just  received  a  very  heavy  consignment  of  these. 

which  are  really  fine  healthy  stuff,   full  of  flower-buds — I 

think   the   finest  batch   of  imported   Hellebores  which 

ever  reached  me. 


WALTHAM    CROSS,    N. 


THOMAS    S.  WARE, 

HALE   FARM    NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 

P.S.  Trade  Prices  may  be  had  upon  amplication. 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER    13,    18S6. 


A  R  D  D  A  R  R  O  C  IT. 

(See  Supplementary  Sheet.) 

ON  .in  amphitheatre-like  gttran-dwork,  spring- 
ing from  the  upper  reaches  of  the  waters 
of  Loch  Long,  is  situate  the  demesne  of  Mr.  R. 
D.  White,  of  Arddarroch.  It  is  situated  on  the 
outer  confines  of  Dtimbartonshire,  and  com- 
mands that  combination  of  feature  which  so 
much  delights  the  general  tourist — chains  of 
hills  as  wavy  in  their  sky  outline  as  the  South 
American  Cordilleras,with  just  sufficient  breadth 
of  water,  while  the  steamers  pass  up  its  midst 
for  the  eye  to  command  on  both  sides  the 
masses  of  rock,  here  clothed  with  arboreal 
vegetation,  both  deciduous  and  evergreen — 
there  empurpled  with  thousands  of  acres  of 
Heather,  anii  which  seems  to  revel  all  along 
the  lochs  that  fork  out  frcm  the  estuary  of 
the  Clyde  into  Dumbartonshire  and  Argyle- 
shire. 

Arddarroch  is  one  of  the  places  that  show 
what  judicious  expenditure  can  do  by  way  of 
e.^ctending  the  resources  of  Nature  and  enhancing 
the  value  of  land.  While  thousands  of  acres 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  loch  are  still,  so 
to  speak,  in  a  state  of  Nature,  in  so  far  as 
the  outcome  is  probably  only  a  few  shillings 
per  acre  for  grazing  purposes,  this  estate,  cer- 
tainly limited  in  size,  is  well  planted,  and 
although  timber  hitherto  has  not  been  very 
remunerative,  the  forests  of  America  and  the 
Baltic,  in  the  progress  of  civilisation  and  the 
multiplication  of  the  population,  will  not  last 
for  aye.  It  is  a  pity  to  see  so  many  thousand 
acres  left  exclusively  to  the  shepherd,  the 
sportsman,  and  their  dogs. 

From  a  landscape  point  of  view  this  residence 
is  admirable.  There  are  so  many  vistas  and 
broad  reaches  in  the  foreground,  opening  up  all 
the  variety  of  prospects  presentable,  as  would 
delight  the  landscape  gardener.  Down  towards 
the  estuary  the  hilly  portion  of  the  ground  on 
the  Holy  Loch  strikes  the  eye,  and  then  nearer 
the  foreground  comes  Loch  Goil,  where  the  chief 
of  Ulva's  isle  with  Lord  Ullin's  daughter,  in 
Campbell's  stirring  legend,  met  a  tragic  end,  and 
with  it  the  charming  grounds  of  Sir  John 
Douglas,  of  Glenfinnart.  Up  the  loch  towards 
Arrochar  the  great  hills  of  Ben  Arthur  or  the 
"  Cobbler,"  Benvoirlich,  and  away  in  the  far 
distance  Eenmore,  in  Perthshire,  supply  a  back- 
ground that  commands  universal  admiration. 

Turning  to  the  house  itself,  it  covers  a  con- 
siderable area  of  ground,  and  has  commodious 
reception  rooms,  with  a  serviceable  conservatory 
attached.  Its  front  is  covered  with  a  variety  of 
creepers,  none  more  interesting  to  the  writer 
than  a  well  bloomed  plant  of  Desfontainea 
spinosa,  clad  with  its  orange  and  scarlet  tubular 
flowers,  looking  all  the  grander  that  they  are  set 
in  a  profusion  of  the  Holly-like  leaves  of  the 
plant.  This  is  so  seldom  seen  as  a  climber 
planted  out  north  of  the  Tweed,  that  a  special 
note  was  made  of  it  as  being  a  particularly 
eligible  plant  for  the  milder  climate  of  our 
Scottish    lakes.      Tropaeoluin    tricolorum    was 


6i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(November  13,  1886. 


exceedingly  rich.  Nothing  for  profusion  or 
colour  as  a  climber  can  beat  this  where  the 
climate  favours  it.  The  grounds  immediately 
adjoining  are  well  clothed,  not  inconveniently 
crowded,  with  trees  of  ornamental  character. 
Among  the  larger  of  them  are  the  Oak, 
the  Ash,  the  Lime,  and  the  Birch,  and  these 
interspersed  with  such  well  known  and  much 
appreciated  Conifers  as  the  Wellingtonia,  the 
Araucaria  imbricata,  the  Cryptomeria  japonica, 
here  simply  in  perfection  towering  from  40  to  60 
feet  high,  and  faultless  in  symmetry.  Of  lesser 
altitude,  but  striking  amongst  their  fellows,  are 
the  glaucous  variety  of  Abies  nobilis,  a  pretty 
Crimean  Silver  (Abies  Nordmaniana),  several 
faultless  Picea  Menziesii,  and  the  Lawson 
Cypress  (Cupressus  Lawsonii)  in  quantity.  The 
Scots  Fir  and  Larch  are  timber  trees  of  value. 
The  Rhododendrons  luxuriate  almost  beyond 
compare  here  ;  hybrids  in  quantity  in  great 
masses  20  feet  high,  and  the  catawbiense  seed- 
lings among  the  bracken  (Pteris  aqulina).  Then 
the  Ghent  Azaleas  are  equally  remarkable  for 
luxuriance,  mollis  overtopping  them  although 
only  half  their  age. 

Just  within  easy  distance  of  the  first  lawn, 
and  in  juxtaposition  to  a  rather  quaintly- 
designed  kitchen  garden,  stand  the 

Orchid-houses. 
Of  these  the  proprietor  takes  a  large  and 
lively  interest,  and  he  appears  to  be  ably 
seconded  and  supported  by  his  head  gardener, 
Mr.  Kidd.  The  collection  has  not  been  very  long 
in  existence,  but  in  these  days  the  affluent  can- 
not wait,  and  the  consequence  is  that  whereas  it 
took  a  good  ten  years  to  make  a  decent  show  of 
Orchids  in  the  days  when  I  was  an  apprentice- 
hand  scarcely  ten  months  are  now  required. 
Chief,  in  the  meantime,  amongst  the  groups, 
in  the  half-dozen  compartments  devoted  to  Or- 
chid culture  are  the  Cattleyas  and  their  con- 
geners. One  is  struck  to  see  the  great  quantities 
of  C.  Dowiana  cultivated,  and  well  cultivated  too. 
In  1872,  just  fourteen  years  ago,  the  subscriber 
flowered  one,  and  it  was  the  first  of  them,  to 
the  great  delight  of  all  who  beheld  it ;  but  what 
must  be  the  scenic  effect  of  a  couple  of  hundred, 
not  in  pieces  often  or  a  dozen  pseudobulbs,  but 
in  lumps  covering  rafts  and  baskets,  and  seem- 
ingly going  along  well !  This  was  not  always 
the  case.  Often  the  young  pseudobulbs  were 
suffocated  with  the  outer  sheaths  enveloping 
them  too  tightly,  and  hence  the  mishaps  of  the 
early  days  of  cultivation  ;  but  now  they  seem 
to  go  along  well  suspended,  near  the  light, 
not  overdone  with  peaty  lumps — at  least,  such 
is  the  case  here,  and  the  condition  of  the  plants 
was  entirely  satisfactory.  C.  Eldorado  was 
flowering  and  growing  profusely  suspended  in 
the  same  way  as  Cattleya  Triana;  ;  Mossioe, 
Gaskelliana,  Sanderiana,  gigas,  imperialis,  et 
hoc  genus  omne,  were  treated  to  pot  culture  in 
stages,  and  so  was  L^elia  purpurata,  Cattleya 
Skinneri,  and  the  white  form  of  that  species,  and 
all  doing  very  well.  In  the  same  temperature 
Dendrobium  Wardianum  was  exceptionally 
good,  and  the  young  growths  up  to  the 
extremity,  clean  and  faultless  ;  so  also  was 
Dalhousieanum,  sometimes  not  very  well 
"  done."  Then  Cypripedmm  Spicerianum  was 
particularly  noticeable,  and  so  were  Vanda 
coerulea,  Grammatophyllum  EUisii,  Oncidium 
Marshallianum,  certainly  a  magnificent  species, 
that  will  long  connect  Mr.  Marshall's  name  with 
the  Orchid  world. 

In  the  cooler  houses  were  batches  of  Odon- 
toglossum  crispum  and  its  now  endless  varie- 
ties, Pescatorei,  triumphans,  cordatum,  toge- 
ther with  splendidly  grown  plants,  not  of 
large  size,  but  clean  and  pleasant  to  look 
upon,  of  Odontoglossum  vexillarium.  The 
lot  comprises  chiefly  the  small  -  flowered 
ruby  variety,  and  it  certainly  is  a  very 
captivating  form,  contrasting  well  with  that 
excellent     yellow-flowered     Oncidium,     which 


everybody  now  calls  Rogersii.  There  were  a 
few  nice  pieces  of  the  comparatively  scarce  On- 
cidium macranthum  and  some  Oncidium  nubi- 
genum,  Cattleya  citrina,  Masdevallias,  and 
Epidendrum  vitellinum. 

In  several  other  houses  were  imported  plants 
of  both  hot  and  cool  temperatures,  coming 
forward  for  taking  their  places  in  time  among 
those  established.  What  a  charming  addition 
to  Orcids  is  Jonesianum.  It  is  a  veritable 
gem,  so  summer-looking  in  its  features,  although 
wearing  the  foliage  of  the  whip-like  Scuticaria. 
It  seems  to  be  an  excellent  raft  plant,  although 
there  may  be  some  difficulty  in  growing  it  into 
specimen  size.  Mr.  White  has  taken  to  those 
pots  of  an  irregular  corrugated  nature  that 
will  not  take  in  slime  and  dirt  very  readily,  snd 
moreover  have  the  advantage  of  a  bottom  tray 
for  water,  and  longitudinal  air-holes  under  the 
portable  bottom,  which  fits  into  each  pot  ;  it 
seems  to  be  a  good  thing. 

The  conservatory  has  its  walls  almost 
covered  with  the  red  and  white  Lapagerias, 
and  in  its  centre  at  the  time  of  my  visit  was  a 
magnificently  flowered  Lilium  auratum  of  the 
broad  segmented  and  deep  orange  rayed  variety, 
bearing  over  fifty  flowers  in  two  spikes. 

The  whole  place  is  in  excellent  keeping,  and  the 
genial  proprietor  and  his  lady  seem  to  enjoy  it, 
and  are  likely  to  keep  up  its  character  as  a 
summer  and  autumn  residence.  J .  Anderson, 
Meadowbank. 


CATASETUM  GALERITUM,  n.  sp.* 
I  HAVE  at  hand  an  inflorescence  of  seven  flowers, 
which  are  nearly  half  as  large  again  as  those 
of  Catasetum  atratnm,  Lindl.  Median  sepal  and 
petals  connivent,  ligulate-acute,  light  green,  spotted 
with  numerous  transverse  purple-brown  spots.  Lateral 
sepals  turned  back,  broader,  with  numerous  round 
spots  of  the  same  colour.  The  spots  are  very  well 
marked,  and  of  very  elegant  colour  inside,  but,  as 
is  commonly  the  case,  far  less  remarkable  out- 
side. The  lip  is  long  and  narrow,  and  very  curious. 
The  hypochile  has  rather  upright  borders,  augled 
on  each  side  in  front  of  the  base,  leading  to  a 
blunt  conical  spur  that  is  pressed  under  the  very 
strong  oblong-acute  epichile,  with  reflexed  margins 
just  as  in  the  spur  in  the  group  of  Aerides  afifine.  The 
anterior  blade  (epichile)  is  ochre-coloured,  the  re- 
maining part  is  green  with  a  brown  area  close  to  the 
yellow  margin,  and  there  are  some  scattered  brown 
spots  outside  under  the  brown  areas,  and  there  are 
brown  lines  inside  on  a  yellow  ground.  The  bristles 
of  the  purple  column  are  unusually  strong.  It  is 
near  Catasetum  atratum,  but  is  totally  distinct  in 
the  lip.  The  flowers  are  far  more  conspicuous  in 
the  bright  colour  of  the  sepals  and  petals,  and  look 
rather  pretty  for  those  ofa  Catasetum.  It  was  kindly 
sent  me  by  M.  Lucien  Linden,  Director  of  the  Com- 
pagnie  Continentale  d'Horticulture,  Ghent.  H.  G. 
RM.  r. 

Catasetum  pileatum,  «.  j/.t 
A  curious  species,  which,  in  the  breadth  of  the 
lip,  the  ivory-like  broad  lip,  the  whitish  colour, 
reminds  one  of  Mormodes  luxatum.  It  has  rather 
large  flowers,  like  those  of  that  plant.  Sepals 
narrow,  large,  ligulate-acute,  light  reddish.  I  am,  how- 
ever, by  no  means  sure  whether  the  colour  is  natural, 
or  a  consequence  of  withering.     Petals  broad,  oblong- 


•  Catasetum  ffateritum,  n.  sp.  —  Affine  Cataseto  atrato, 
Lindl.:  racemo  paucifloro  (septemfloro)  :  sepalis  ligulatis  acutis  ; 
tepalis  subxqualibus  cum  sepalo  ioipari  conniventibus  ;  sepalis 
lateralibus  reflexis  :  hypochilii  limbis  semioblongis  erectis  ante 
basin  an^latis  ;  calcari  conico  sub  epichilium  trisngulo  semi- 
oblongum  valde  cartilagineum  presso.  Sepala  et  tepala  viridula 
brunneo  purpurco  maculata.  Labe  lum  viridulum  intus  flavum  ; 
hypochilium  brunneo  piclum,  epichilium  ochraceum.  H.  G. 
Rchb/. 

t  Catasetum  pileatum,  n.  sp. — Sepalis  tibialis  acutis  :  tepalis 
oblongis  acutis,  labello  transverso  subtriangulo  obtusaniiulo 
amplis.imo  in  conum  obtusum  basi  saccato  :  columna  apice 
long!  rostrata,  basi  solito  more  bicirrosa.  Flores  belli,  albi  ; 
sepalis  (an  maceratione  ?)  pnrpurcis.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


acute,  white.  Lip  a  wide  nearly  triangular  ob- 
tusangled  expansion,  descending  at  the  base  into  a 
blunt  cone.  Column  white,  with  a  very  long  apicilar 
beak,  and  two  well  developed  cirrhi.  A  specimen 
has  been  kindly  sent  to  me  by  Messrs.  Linden. 
H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Dendrobium  nycteridoglossum,  n.  sp.* 

This  is  a  new  member  of  the  Aporum  section  of 
Dendrobium.  The  leaves  are  like  those  of  Dendro- 
bium sinuatum,  Lindl.,  but  the  habit  is  that  of  Den- 
drobium Serra,  Lind.,  inasmuch  as  the  very  small 
green  flowers  are  produced  in  fascicles,  flowering  in 
the  specimens  at  hand  singly  from  the  upper  and  ulti- 
mately leafless  part  of  the  stem.  The  flowers  are 
green,  striped  with  very  dark  red,  both  sepals  and 
petals  developing  a  distinct  mentum.  The  lip  has 
a  very  short  stalk  expanded  into  a  transverse  blade, 
the  side  lacinice  broad,  triangular,  the  central  lacinia 
very  short,  retuse.  It  is  light  green,  with  a  dark 
green  spot  on  the  disc.  I  compared  this  lip  to  a  bat, 
whence  the  name.  This  lip  is  quite  of  a  new  form, 
as  I  know  of  no  species  with  a  similar  one.  It  was 
kindly  sent  me  by  M.  Linden,  who  states  that  it  is 
of  Papuan  origin.  N,  G,  Rchb.  f, 

Maxillaria  fucata,  «.  sf.^ 
This  is  near  Maxillaria  irrorata  of  Sir  Charles 
Strickland,  but  it  has  no  powdery  cover  to  the  lip. 
Such  powdery  masses  are  formed  by  the  fragile 
hairs,  which  often  contain  starchy  granules,  such 
as  I  saw  first  in  Maxillaria  anatomotum.  The 
sheaths  under  the  bulbs  are  light  brown,  with  darker 
spots.  The  leaves  are  on  narrow  petioles,  S  to  7 
inches  lung,  with  an  oblique  articulation  in  the 
middle,  the  blades  being  ligulate,  lanceolate,  acumi- , 
nate,  one  inch  in  breadth,  about  i  span  in  length. 
The  peduncles  are  of  the  same  length.  The  narrow, 
acuminate  sheaths  do  not  quite  touch  one  another,  as 
they  do  in  Maxillaria  irrorata.  The  bract  is  also 
narrow,  sometimes  as  long  as  the  stalked  ovary,  at 
other  times  not.  Sepal  triangular.  Lateral  sepals 
rather  broad.  Lips  reflexed.  Mentum  very  blunt. 
Petals  rhomboid,  blunt-angled  at  the  sides,  with  re- 
flexed tips.  Lip  oblong-elliptical  in  outline,  trifid  at 
the  anterior  border,  side-lacini?e  rounded,  central 
lacinia  small,  semi-oblong,  emarginate.  A  ligulate, 
retuse  callus  extends  from  the  base  to  the  middle. 
Column  three-sided,  whitish,  yellowish  at  the  base, 
with  red  spots  under  the  fovea.  The  flower  is 
nearly  14  inch  long,  white  outside,  probably  like 
the  borders  of  the  sepals  and  petals  purple.  The 
inner  surface  of  the  sepals  is  white  at  the  base,  purple 
in  the  middle,  yellow,  with  red  spots  at  the  apex. 
The  petals  are  of  the  same  colour  as  the  sepal,  but 
without  spots  at  the  apex.  The  lip  is  ochre-coloured, 
and  the  marginal  parts  of  the  side-lacinia;  brown  on 
the  inner  surface,  with  parallel  brown  stripes  on  an 
ochre- coloured  ground. 

This  fine  species  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P.,  P.R.  H.S.,  &c..  Isawit  after- 
wards at  Burford  Lodge  in  company  with  Messrs.  J, 
Day  and  W.  Lee,  but,  unfortunately,  in  the  absence 
of  the  fortunate  possessor. 

The  distribution  of  colour  is  very  uncommon.  I 
could  not  help  remembering  some  harlequins  I  had 
seen  with  the  paint  not  quite  washed  off  iheir  faces. 
H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


THE    BLACK    WALNUT. 

Very  few,  if  any,  examples  of  this  remarkably 
handsome  North  American  Walnut  |{Juglans  nigra) 
are  to  be  found  in  Europe  equal  in  age  and  size  to  those 
growing  in  the  pleasure-grounds  here.  As  will  be 
seen  by  reference  to  the  engraving  (fig.  120)  the  two 
trees  are  growing  within  a  few  feet  of  each  other. 
The  circumference  of  the  main  trunk  of  each  at  4  feet 
from  the  ground  is  exactly  129  inches,  and  both  con- 

•  Dendrobium  {Apontm)  nycteridoglossum,  n.  sp.— Affine 
Dendrobio  Serra;,  Lindl.;  foliis  ensiformibus  mucronatis  car  ■ 
nosis  ;  floribus  ex caule  superior!  demumaphyllo  ;  sepalo  impari 
oblonco  acuto  ;  sepalis  lateralibus  triangulis  obliquis  ;  ttpalis 
lineanbus  acutis  uninerviis  ;  labello  brevi  unguiculato,  trans- 
verso trifido,  laciniis  lateralibus  triangulis  divaricatis,  lacinia 
mediana  quadrata  relusa  brevissima,  H,  G.  Rchb._f, 

t  Maxillaria  fucaia,  n  sp  — Proxima  Maxillaiiae  irroratae  ; 
foli's  lorige  petiolatis  lineari  ligulads  acuminatis ;  peduncuHs 
plurivaginatis  ;  vaginis  angustis,  mento  obtusargulo  valido  ; 
sepala  impari  tri  .ngulo,  sepals  paribus  hto  triansulis.  apice 
reflexis,  sepalis  rhom*ieis  patiter  apice  reflexis,  lab:llo  elliptico, 
antice  trifido,  lacin.is  lateralibus  obtuse  semirhombeis,  lacinia 
mediana  pirva  semiobljn.a  emirginata  bilobula  :  columni  tri- 
■"^^  ■■ -    ------     «-'■—■    '--'-        '    ---.     ab 


November  13.  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


617 


tinue  of  the  same  dimensions  for  fully  15  feet  higher. 
Both  have  attained  a  height  of  between  90  and  100 
feet,  and  the  diameter  of  the  spread  of  their  united 
branches  is  80  feet  the  narrowest,  and  120  feet  the 
widest  way.  One  of  the  large  branches  gradually 
dropped  to  the  ground  many  years  ago,  and  the 
main  point  has  nearly  assumed  a  vertical  posi- 
tion, forming  a  miniature  tree ;  but  whether  the 
portion  of  the  stem  which  is  partially  buried  under- 
ground has  roots  or  not  I  cannot  say.  The  trees 
are  in  excellent  health,  and  every  year  bear 
heavy    crops    of   [nuts,    but    these     only     in    rare 


As  regards  the  history  of  these  remarkable  trees 
there  is  no  doubt  that  they  were  planted  at  the 
same  time  as  the  other  North  American  trees,  Mes- 
pilus,  Sugar  Maple  (now  dead,  but  formerly  an 
exceedingly  handsome  specimen),  Cock's-spur  and 
scarlet  fruited  Thorns,  in  the  seventeenth  century,  by 
the  then  occupier  of  this  estate — a  gentleman  either 
officially  or  commercially  connected  with  North 
America.  It  is  thought  by  some  local  historians  that 
the  Walnuts  were  planted  by  John  Evelyn,  as  he 
frequently  visited  this  neighbourhood  and  planted  a 
great  many  Plane  and  Cedar  trees,  but  there  is  DO 


baneful  effects  of  London  smoke.  Even  the  Oaki 
and  Elms  are  decaying  rapidly,  and  we  gradually 
meet  with  difficulties  in  the  way  of  keeping  many  of 
our  choice  alpines  alive.  T.  W.  Sanders,  Gr.  to  y, 
IV.  Larking,  Esq.,  J. P.,  The  Firs,  Let,  S.E.  [This 
is  the  tree  so  much  valued  in  the  States  for  its  timber, 
used  for  gun-stocks  and  cabinet-work.  A  curious 
feature  is  the  frequent  existence  of  two  or  even  three 
buds  in  the  axil  of  the  same  leaf,  so  that  if  one  shoot 
gets  nipped  by  spring  frost  there  is  another  bud  to  take 
its  place.  It  is  a  true  Walnut,  and  not  a  Hickory. 
Ed,1 


Fig.  120.  — black  walnut  trees  at  the  hi;s,  manor  lane,  lee,  s.e.     (see  p.  616.) 


instances  become  fully  developed .  Although  I  have 
opened  hundreds  of  the  nuts  I  have  found  none 
but  what  were  destitute  of  albumen  and  embryo, 
the  testa  merely  containing  a  small  amount  of 
watery  liquid.  This  is,  no  doubt,  due  to  imperfect 
fertilisation,  or  want  of  it.  I  have  always  observed 
that  the  male  flowers  appeared  many  weeks  in  advance 
of  the  female  ones,  and  in  consequence  of  this  I  have 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  pollen  is  either  injured 
by  the  cold  winds  or  distributed  before  the  female 
flowers  are  open  to  receive  it.  I  intend  this  next 
season  to  preserve  some  of  its  pollen,  and  artificially 
fertilise  a  few  flowers  with  a  view  to  determine 
whether  my  theory  is  right.  [Probably  the  latter  is 
the  more  correct  view,  Ed.] 


direct  confirmation  of  this  fact.  By  whomsoever  or 
whenever  planted  they  have  formed  the  noblest  and 
handsomest  of  ornamental  trees,  and  are  justly  prized 
by  my  employer,  to  whom  the  late  Sir  William 
Hooker,  in  one  of  his  visits  here,  described  them  as 
unequalled  for  size  in  Europe.  It  will  be  seen  by  the 
dimensions  which  I  have  given  (and  they  are  under 
rather  than  over  the  mark)  that  they  far  exceed  in 
stature  the  typical  species  in  its  native  habitat,  as 
given  by  Michaux  in  his  splendid  work.  The  North 
American  Sylva. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  these  trees  will  not  suffer 
the  same  fate  as  our  Cedars  and  Conifers  generally 
(excepting,  however,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana),  and 
many  other  fine  trees,  and  gradually  succumb  to  the 


TREES  IN  THE  WRONG  PLACE, 

It  may  often  occur  to  planters  who  observe  the  ill- 
health  of  the  trees  they  have  planted  that  the  sorts 
selected  were  not  those  which  should  have  been 
chosen  for  the  particular  soil  or  site.  Amongst  no 
trees  does  ill-health  manifest  itself  so  soon  as  in  the 
various  Conifers  so  commonly  planted  either  to 
form  plantations  or  as  ornaments  to  the  demesne  and 
garden. 

Provided  the  removal  of  surplus  water  has  been 
secured  by  means  of  rubble  drains  and  open  ditches — 
never  by  pipes  or  tiles  alone — if  trees  suitable  to  the 
soil  be  chosen,  and  with  due  regard  to  exposure  and 
shelter,  there  is  no  reason  why  Coni'erous  trees  and 


6i8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  i£ 


others  should  not  grow  into  handsome  specimens  as 
garden  and  park  trees,  and  into  profitable  timber  as 
woodland  trees,  without  much,  if  any,  further  trouble 
or  expense.  The  means  often  adopted  to  secure 
healthy  growth  in  trees  in  bad  soils  and  undrained 
sites  by  throwing  out  a  trench  around  the  trees  and 
filling  it  with  suitable  soil,  and  by  surface  feedinj;, 
can  never  be  adopted  in  a  wholesale  way  by  many 
nwners,  owing  to  ils  co5t.  As  an  example  of  a 
S"il  suited  to  Conifers,  and  to  little  else,  we  may 
cite  Dropmore.  There  the  drainage,  either  natural 
or  artificial,  is  about  perfection,  and  tha<5,  although 
the  crust  of  soil  is  of  but  little  depth,  and  is  of  a  light 
nature,  the  trees  have  made  wonderful  progress 
Much  of  this  fine  development  is  due  to  properly  pre- 
pared sites  in  the  first  instance,  but  which  ihe  trees 
have  long  ago  outgrown,  and  to  natural  surface  feed- 
ing. The  rake  and  the  broom  were  never  wielded  by 
a  worshipper  of  over-neatness  at  Dropmore,  so  where 
the  Pine-needles  fell,  and  the  other  foliage,  and  the 
woodland  Ferns  and  weeds  died  down  every  year, 
there  all  was  allowed  to  rot  into  mould,  than  which 
no  better  could  be  devised  by  man  for  the  proper 
support  of  the  trees.  In  special  cases  there,  exira 
sui face  feeding  has  been  and  is  practised  now,  but 
there  is  no  general  following  out  of  the  practice,  and 
it  i?,  moreover,  unnecessary. 

As  regards  the  species  of  Conifers  to  plant  as 
timber,  the  selection  made  by  Mr.  A.  D.  Webster  in 
last  week's  Gardeners  Chronicle  is  a  very  good  one, 
only  he  puts  Pinus  strobus  into  Ihe  position  of  a  first- 
class  marketable  timber  tree,  which  I  think  it  is  not  ; 
the  timber  is  soft  and  perishable,  and  fit  for  indoor 
work  only.  The  tree  is  very  handsome,  either  in 
groups,  rows,  or  as  single  specimeDS,  especially  when 
rid  and  has  acquired  the  massive  umbrella-shaped 
head  and  clean  reddish-brown  bole.  M, 


BOTANICAL    RAMBLES     IN 
SOUTH   CHINA. 

{Continued  from  p.  581.) 

In  the  same  grove  I  also  found  a  large  bush  of  the 
showy  Ccesalpinia  minax,  a  plant  only  previously 
found  near  Shu  lling,  on  the  North  Canton  River, 
and  described  by  the  late  Dr.  liance  in  the  journal 
of  Botany  for  D;;cember,  1SS4.  It  is  described  as 
*'a  most  interesting  plant,  remarkable  as  a  singularly 
distinct  member  of  the  small  group  to  which  it 
belongs." 

Emerging  from  this  little  wood  we  reached  a  ravine 
which  leads  to  the  top  of  a  hill  nearly  3000  feet  high. 

This  was  the  happy  hunting  ground  for  new  plants, 
and  the  hard  work  of  the  day  now  begins.  I  was 
attended  by  three  coolies,  one  carrying  a  couple  of 
large  baskets,  slung  Chinese  fashion,  on  the  inevitable 
Bamboo  pole  ;  another  with  a  vasculum  and  a  number 
of  sheets  of  drying  paper  fixed  between  two  flat 
boards  ;  the  third  carrying  the  provisions  for  the  day. 
The  temperature  in  the  shade  was  considerably  over 
70°  F.,  but  we  will  not  venture  to  say  what  it  was  in 
the  sun  ;  it  was  simply  incandescent  !  The  ravines 
I  speak  of  form  a  natural  channel  for  the  mountain 
torrents.  I  was  shod  with  a  pair  of  shoes  with  corru- 
gated indiarubber  soles,  which  enabled  me  to  cling 
to  the  smooth  slippery  rocks.  Getting  wet  feet  and 
legs  is,  of  course,  rather  convenient  than  otherwise, 
as  it  helps  to  keep  the  extremities'cool !  The  vegeta- 
tion, which  is  purely  indigenous,  generally  extends 
from  20  to  60  yards  on  each  side  of  the  stream.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  push  one's  way  through  the 
entwined  mass  of  thorny  shrubs  unless  the  stream  had 
kept  a  passage  clear.  This  middle  passage  has  the 
advantage  of  enabling  one  to  get  a  view  of  both  sides. 
At  intervals  in  the  ascent  the  hill  slopes  back,  forming 
a  flat  landing,  the  stream  consequently  broadens  and 
waters  a  wide  plateau.  I  do  not  know  any  feeling  to 
equal  the  charm  of  exploring  these  sequestered  nooks 
with  the  sense  that  you  are  the  first  European  that 
hr\^  invaded  them. 

For  ages  the  mountain  torrent  has  been  gradually 
deepening  its  bed,  and  has  formed  a  fertile  ravine 
sheltered  from  cross  winds.  Many  of  the  huge 
irregular  rocks  and  boulders  that  recede  high  above 
the  stream  on  both  sides  are  channelled  and  water- 
worn,  showing  that  they,  at  some  remote  period,  had 
been  subjected  to  the  "water  that  wears  away  the 
stone."  And  the  soil  that  still  remains  in  the  crevices 
and  in  the  deep  passages  between  the  rocks  is  the  fine 
alluvial  sand  and  mud  of  an  ancient  watercourse, 
mixed  largely,  of  course,  with  the  decayed  vegetable 


matter  of  many  years.  A  large  number  of  plants 
have  here  been  conserved  that  would  probably  have 
otherwise  become  extinct.  The  rocks  are  clothed 
with  Mosses,  Ferns,  Orchids,  and  innumerable 
trailing  and  creeping  plants.  On  the  moiiit  rocks  and 
in  shallow  pools  A^pidium  calcaratum  -  a  plant  that 
takes  the  form  of  a  small  tree-Fern— grows  abun- 
dantly. Adjacent  to  this  we  see  Selaginella  Wilde- 
novii,  S.  atroviridis  and  S  flabellifera  spreading  at 
will.  A  little  higher  up  the  lordly  Angiopteris  evecta 
stretches  its  enormous  fronds  over  its  meaner  neigh- 
bours. Somttimes  we  see  a  hrge  rock  covered  with 
the  strong  erect  fronds  of  Polypodium  cironans,  its 
broad  shields  completely  hiding  the  rock.  In  a  boggy 
situation  I  found  the  handsome  Asplenium  maximum 
the  only  specimen  of  this  that  I  have  seen.  Poly- 
podium  longissimum,  Bl.,  grows  on  dry  hanks ;  this  I 
believe  has  not  hitherto  been  found  in  China.  Both 
on  the  rocks  and  on  the  earthy  slopes  we  see 
Glcichenia  longissima,  Asplenium  nidus,  A.  cunea- 
tum  (a  moit  beautiful  Fern),  and  Gymnogramme 
decurrens.  The  very  common  kinds  are  Asplenium 
esculentum,  A.  latifolium,  and  A.  rutcefolium.  The 
rarer  kindi  of  the  genui  Asplenium  are  A.  normale, 
A.  Oldhami,  Ilmce,  which,  by  the  way,  Dr.  Hance 
remarked  that  he  could  not  distinguish  from  A.  Hin- 
cocki,  Baker,  and  A.  Griftithianura— the  latter  also 
new  to  China. 

The  minute  Polypodium  flocciferum  and  thc[mode>t 
Davallia  pedata  cling  to  the  dry  rock^-.  Polypodium 
trifidum  is  also  a  rock  plant,  but  likes  a  damp  siiua- 
lion.  Davallia  divaricata  is  a  most  accomodating 
plant  ;  it  cin  be  found  on  dry  rocks  in  the  full  glare 
of  the  sun  or  dipping  its  graceful  fronds  into  the 
stream  in  the  dense  shade.  Polypodium  lanceum 
and  P.  superficiale  hide  themselves  in  wet,  dark,  cool 
crevices  in  company  with  several  species  of  filmy 
Ilymenophyllums.  Asplenium  Hancei  and  Aspidiura 
auriculatum  mostly  frequent  the  tops  of  rocks  that  are 
covered  with  a  thick  coating  of  soil.  Aspidium 
aristatum,  A.  unitum,  A.  molie,  A.  subtriphyllum, 
A.  exaltatum,  A.  ciliatum,  and  A.  tuberosum  are  all 
common  plants  that  can  be  met  with. on  every  side. 
Dwarf  trees  are  often  covered  with  the  creeping 
Drymoglossum  carinosum. 

Amongst  the  long  grass  the  cosmopolitan  Osmunda 
regalis  and  Pteris  aquilina  are  growing  in  large 
numbers  ;  the  latter  plant  has  a  very  subdued  and 
retiring  look  in  its  tropical  home.  One  would  hardl/ 
think  that  this  dwarfed  th'.nly-branched  plant  was  the 
sturdy  Bracken  of  the  West.  Under  similar  con- 
ditions we  find  the  unique  Brainea  insignis.  Wood- 
wardia  Ilarlandii,  Oimunda  jivanica,  and  O.  bipin- 
nata.  In  the  sime  grassy  situation  I  found  the  hand- 
some Hemionitis  Grfiithii,  hitherto  only  found  in 
Formosa.  In  one  of  the  cave-like  recesses  behind  a 
waterfall  I  found  a  semiaquatic  Asplenium  of  filmy 
texture,  pronounced  by  Dr.  Hance  to  be  quite  new. 
The  fronds  are  black-green  when  they  are  kept  con- 
stantly wet  by  the  spray.  The  fertile  fronds  are  very 
difticult  lo  find  in  consequence  ;  it  was  only  when  the 
plants  were  temporarily  deprived  of  their  bath  spray 
in  the  dry  season  that  Nature  strove  to  reproduce  the 
plants  by  spores.  It  has  graceful  fronds  from  S  to  16 
inches  long,  with  broad,  drooping,  truncate  cuneate 
pinnae,  and  is  closely  allied  to  Asplenium  Viellardi. 
Mett.,  from  New  Caledonia.  I  find  that  it  is  easily  cul- 
tivated if  regularly  syringed,  and  if  it  can  weather  the 
trials  of  transport  in  a  Wardian  case  it  may  yet  find 
favour  with  Fern  growers  at  home. 

The  vegetation  of  the  rocks  is  wonderfully  varied 
and  interesting.  High  up  in  almost  inaccessible 
shelves  is  the  curious  Dischidia  chinensis  exposed  to 
the  drought  and  fierce  heat  of  a  tropical  sun.  The  dark 
green  rosette-formed  Pelaginella  involvens  delights  in 
a  similar  situation,  but  is  also  found  in  the  shade 
between  the  rocks.  The  creeping  Pothos  scandens, 
Psychotria  serpens,  and  Hoya  carnosa  spread  thickly 
over  the  dry  hot  granite.  Large  masses  of  Pholidota 
chinensis,  Eria  rosea,  Ccelogyne  fimbriata,  and  Balbo- 
phyllum  radiatura  luxuriate  in  astonishing  quantities 
on  nearly  every  boulder.  Acampe  multiflorj,  and 
Cymbidium  aloifolium  frequent  earthy  crevices. 
Phaius  grandifolius,  Spathoglottis  Fortunei,  Atundina 
chinensis,  Limatodes  gracilis,  and  other  terrestrial 
Orchids,  are  plentiful  among  the  long  grais.  Cypri- 
pedium  purpuratum  and  Goodyera  procera  are  occa- 
sionally met  with  in  shady  hollows. 

In  the  present  paper  I  can  only  venture  to  mention 
a  few  of  the  most  strking  of  the  trees  and  shrubs. 
They  would  require  a  volume  to  themselves.  One  of 
the  roost  beautiful  of  these  is  a  rare  Melastoma — Dis- 


socbaeta  Barthei— now  extinct  in  Hong  Kong,  but 
common  enough  at  a  height  of  2000  feet  on  the  neigh- 
bouring hills  on  the  mainland.  The  lovely  pink  and 
white  flowers  are  fleshy  and  wax-like,  and  form 
terminal  clusters  that  frequently  envelope  the  plant  in 
a  glo  V  of  delicate  blossoms.  I  regret  to  find  that  it 
is  difficult  to  propagate.  Its  apparently  limited  dis- 
tribution endangers  its  existence,  for,  like  many  of  the 
rare  indigenous  plants  of  the  Chinese  hills,  it  is  rapidly 
disappearing  before  the  extirpating  axe  of  the  wood- 
cutter. 

Another  plant  of  pre-eminent  beauty  is  the  Symplo- 
CIS  decoia,  very  rare  in  Hong  Kong,  but  also  (airly 
abundant  on  the  hills  of  the  mainland.  It  is  a  small 
evergreen  tree,  with  dark  green  Holly-like  leaves,  and 
bears  dense  clusters  of  white  blossoms,  sometimes 
slightly  tinged  with  azure-blue.  A  sprig  of  the  blossom 
blended  with  the  dark  green  leaves  has  a  charming 
effect  in  a  vase  or  a  specimen  glass,  or  in  the  hair  of  a 
ball-room  belle.  Such  plants  a;  Photinia  prunifolia, 
Styrax  odoratissima,  Homalium  fagifolium,  Magnolia 
Championi,  Turpinia  argula,  Gordonia  anomala,  Gel- 
semium  elegans.  Camellia  reticulata,  Marlea  begoni- 
folia.  Viburnum  odoratissimum,  Etiobctrya  fragrans, 
Melodorum  glaucescens,  and  Enkianlhus  quinqui- 
florus,  make  the  ravines  gay  and  fragrant  with  their 
flowers. 

Two  trees  of  very  ornamental  habit  are  Cunning- 
hamia  sinensis  and  Podocarpus  sinends.  This 
latter  plant  was  found  originally  by  the  Rev.  E. 
Faber  on  the  Lo  Faw  mountain;,  weU  of  Canton,  but 
was  not  then  in  flower.  I  subsequently  found  a  soli- 
tary plant  wilh  male  flowers  on  the  top  of  Tai  Mo 
Shan,  and  from  my  specimens  Mr.  Hemsley  inad- 
vertently named  it,  not  knowing  that  Dr.  Hance  had 
previouUy  named  the  plant.  Quite  recently  I  dis- 
covered a  number  of  these  plants  on  the  island  of 
Santoa,  west  of  Hong  Kong,  from  which  I  hope  to 
get  female  flowers  this  year.  If  it  proves  to  be  hardy 
the  beauty  of  its  foliage  and  the  gracefulness  of  its 
habit  would  make  it  a  valuable  acquisition  as  a  lawn 
tree.  A,  B,  IVcstland,  Botanic  Gardens,  Hong  A'ong. 
{To  be  continued.) 


B  E  E  S'     WAX. 

A  WRITER  on  bees  in  the  Examinci,  a  New  York 
religious  newspaper,  says  that  bees  make  wax  from 
honey.  He  must  reason  thus  ;  honey  sustains  the 
bee,  the  bee  produces  wax,  therefore  wax  comes  from 
honey.  Before  the  habits  of  bees  had  been  studied, 
it  was  supposed  thit  wax  was  collected  from  flowers, 
but  later  investigation  show>  that  that  wax  is  a  natural 
secrection  of  the  bee.  It  exudes  from  the  body 
between  the  rings,  in  minute  scales.  These  the  bee 
takes  in  his  "hands,"  works  like  a  piece  of  dough, 
and  places  where  it  is  needed.  If  comb  building  is  in 
process,  he  deposits  the  piece  of  wax  on  the  edge  of  a 
partly  built  cell  ;  another  bee  then  attacks  it,  gives  it  a 
twist  or  a  pinch,  and  smooths  it  with  his  mandibles. 
Sometimes  three  or  four  bees  will  find  something  to 
do  with  that  particular  crumb  of  wax.  The  workers 
are  so  many  and  work  with  such  rapidity,  and  do  in- 
dividually apparently  so  little,  that  the  eye  hardly 
perceives,  in  a  short  interval  of  time,  that  the  struc- 
ture, the  comb  increases  in  sizf,  but  close  the  hive, 
examine  the  same  cell  in  an  hour,  and  its  greater 
length  is  seen  at  once.  Evidently  wax  is  present 
when  it  is  w.anted,  and  absent  when  there  is  no  use 
for  it.  This  may  not  be  the  case,  but  appearances 
favour  it.  If  there  be  no  more  room  in  a  hive  for  comb, 
no  wax,  or  very  little,  is  needed,  but  if  an  empty  frame 
be  placed  in  this  hive,  the  bees  begin  at  once  to  fill  it 
with  comb.  If  the  bees  secrete  wax  in  a  full  hive, 
what  becomes  of  it  ?  Does  the  bee  dislodge  the  wax 
scales  on  the  wings  ?  Sometimes  these  tiny  scales  are 
found  in  the  bottom  of  the  hive,  but  the  quantity 
found  there  would  build  only  a  fraction  of  the  comb 
built  in  one  night  if  space  is  provided  for  i'. 

The  wax  as  it  comes  from  the  bee  is  white,  and  the 
comb  is  white  lor  a  while,  but  the  bees  use  no  door- 
mat, and  after  25,000  bees— 6  feet  a-piece  make 
150,000  soiled  feet — hive  run  over  the  comb,  it 
becomes  yellow,  and  finally  black,  or  nearly  so. 
Persons  who  have  seen  a  comb  from  the  brood 
chamber  for  the  first  time  are  surprised  that  it  is  not 
white — "  like  wax."  The  comb  in  the  sample  boxes 
remains  white,  or  nearly  so.  The  bees  appear  lo  be 
more  careful  in  their  spare  chamber,  but  as  this 
surplus  room  is  on  the  top  of  the  brood  comb  usually 
they  clean  their  feet  as  they  ascend  to  it.     But  even 


November  13    1SS6. 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


619 


this  comb  would  become  soiled  if  left  in  the  hive. 
On  some  hives  thirty-two  surplus  I-lb.  boxes  are 
)liced,  and  on  the  top  of  these  may  be  placed  as 
many  more,  making  sixty-four  in  all.  The  firbt  lot 
put  on  are  net  taken  off  until  the  outside  boxes  are 
full.  This  allows  the  bees  to  run  over  many  of  the 
boxes  after  I  hey  are  capped,  and  hence  it  would  be  better 
to  place  a  less  number  of  boxes  in  the  surplus  chamber, 
and  remove  before  the  comb  may  be  soiled.  I!at  this 
would  interfere  with  the  theory  that  the  more  room 
the  bees  have  the  better  they  work,  and  the  less  are 
they  inclined  to  swarm. 

If  the  bees  be  fed  liberally  with  honey  or  syrup, 
Ihey  secrete  wax  more  rapidlj-.  The  amount  of  honey 
fed  to  produce  a  pound  of  wax  is  not  less  than  15  lb., 
hence  at  the  present  price  of  best  honey,  25  cents, 
the  cost  of  a  pound  of  wax,  worth  to-day  about 
30  cents,  is  3  dols.  at  least.  Notwithitanding  the 
apparent  high  cost,  surplus  wax  in  an  apiary  is  a 
source  cf  profit.  Every  bit  is  preserved,  melted 
djwn  and  sold.  There  his  never  t)een  too  much 
bees-wax  in  the  market  although  it  is  imported  from 
foreign  countries.  Wax  is  insoluble  in  water,  and 
may  be  melted  in  water  and  skimmed  from  the  sur- 
face. Cooled  in  pans  of  any  shape  it  is  ready  for  the 
market.  liut  the  bee-keeper  does  not  render  into 
wax  any  comb  that  can  be  used  again,  and  it  is  a  very 
old  and  black  piece  that  cannct  be  serviceable. 
Advertisements  read,  "  Bees  on  straight  worker 
combs."  These  straight  combs  are  in  harmony  with 
men's  ideas,  and  better  for  man's  manipulation,  but 
the  bees  may  prefer  a  different  arrangement.  The 
writer  purchased  this  spring  black  bees  in  a  double 
box  hive,  that  is.  one  box  atjove  another  with  passage- 
way between.  The  upper  box  was  full  of  comb,  and 
the  comb  was  full  of  honey.  On  one  side  were  three 
straight  combs  12  inches  wide,  and  16  inches  long, 
solid  slabs  of  honey,  but  the  rest  of  the  comb,  about 
tJTO-thirdi  of  the  whole,  was  a  labyrinth  of  alleys, 
passage-ways,  vaulted  chambers,  and  cuddy  holes, 
frjm  which  it  was  difficult  to  drive  the  bees  even  with 
smoke.  Two  days  after  they  had  been  expelled, 
lingering  bees  continued  to  appear.  Their  home  was 
a  most  curious  structure,  and  was  evidently  to  supply 
just  what  was  needed  by  a  numerous  household. 
Ceorae  A.  SlockwcU  in  the  "  Xcw  England  Faniiei:' 


NUTRITION  V.  SEXUAL 
VARIATION. 
Mr.  Meehan's  name  is  so  closely  connected  with 
the  above  subject  that  aught  he  writes  thereon  is  of 
more  than  ordinary  value.  Every  one  acquainted 
with  living  plants  will  at  once  admit  the  balance  of 
facts  to  be  as  Mr.  .Meehan  states  them  on  pp.  600  and 
601  of  your  last  issue  ;  but  his  citation  of  Hoffmann's 
paper  in  the  Botanist  he  Zcitunj^  for  1SS5  makes  the 
matter  very  interesting.  It  appears  Hoffmann  found 
that  rich  soil,  or  what  is  nearly  the  same  thing — that 
is  to  say,  thin  sowing  or  planting  of  dicecious  species 
— conduces  to  the  preponderance  of  female  plants, 
and  that  the  reverse—!  e.,  poor  soil  or  thick  sowing- 
conduces  to  the  preponderance  of  males.  In  the 
words  of  Mr.  Meehan  (p.  600),  HotTmann  '*  sowed 
seeds  of  numerous  kinds  of  dioecious  plants  closely 
together,  so  as  to  give  little  food  to  each  plant,  and 
the  same  plants  thinly,  so  as  to  give  each  plant 
nearly  all  the  food  it  could  use."  Where  they  were 
thickly  sowed  he  counted  2S3  males  to  700  females. 
In  the  well-fed  (f  <;.  thinly  sowed)  lot  there  were  but 
seventy-six  males.  This  experiment  throws  much 
light  on  the  question  of  sexual  fertility  in  the  garden, 
and  accounts  in  some  measure  for  the  temporary  suc- 
cess which  attends  the  employment  of  restricting 
stocks  for  fruit  trees,  root  pruning,  or  by  planting 
gross  habited  fruit  trees,  as  Figs  for  example,  in  pots 
or  enclosures  of  masonry,  which  by  limiting  their 
nutriment  renders  them  more  fruitful,  and  that  at  an 
earlier  age  than  would  otherwise  be  possible.  But 
this  experiment  of  the  German  savant  interests  me 
more  than  it  otherwise  would  have  done  because  I 
have  evidence  of  the  principle  it  involves  and  incul- 
cates, having  been  observed  and  distinctly  recorded 
long  before  Mr.  Meehan  and  Professor  Hoffmann 
were  born.  Before  me  as  I  write  lies  a  beautiful  copy 
of  Threkeld's  Synopsis  Stirfium  Hibernicarum,  which 
was  published  in  Dublin  in  1727.  It  is  interesting 
as  having  been  written  by  Caleb  Thiekeld, 
M.D  ,  a  native  of  Cumberland,  who  settled  and 
practised  in  Dublin  late  in  the  seventeenth 
century,     and     bis     work     above     mentioned     is 


generally  acknowledged  to  be  the  first  one  ever  pub- 
lished in  the  English  language  relating  to  Irish  plants. 
Now,  under  the  head  of  Cannabis  mas,  male  Hemp, 
we  find  the  following,  which  I  transcribe  as  it  is 
written,  word  for  word  :  — "The  male  Hemp  has  the 
seed,  the  female  only  flowers,  yet  both  are  pro- 
created from  the  same  seed.  The  more  attentive 
husbandmen  observe  that  in  a  fat  soil  you  have  more 
plenty  of  male  Hemp— in  a  lean  soil  m.ore  of  the 
female  ;  or  where  sown  too  thick  and  so  wants  nutri- 
tious juice  it  is  female."  It  will,  of  course,  be 
observed  that  Threkeld,  following  the  customary 
language  of  his  time,  in  reality  transposes  the  sexes 
in  his  account,  but  this  does  not  in  the  ItaU  invalidate 
his  evidence,  to  wi',  that  the  "more  attentive  husband- 
men "  of  his  day  knew  as  much  on  this  question  of 
nutrition  and  sexual  variability,  as  does  Professor 
Hijffinann  or  we  ourselves  in  the  enlightened  nine- 
teenth century.  What  can  we  do  to-day  more  than 
Jacob  did  nearly  2000  years  before  Christ? 

Is  it  not  in  the  Ihiitieth  chapter  of  Genesis  wherein 
we  read  that  Jacob  made  a  contract  with  Laban  that 
he  should  have  the  speckled,  ring-streaked,  and 
spotted  amongst  the  II  'cks  for  his  own  reward  ;  and 
we  read  that,  alter  he  had  culled  out  all  the  speckled 
cattle,  he  removed  a  three  days'  j  jurney  with  the  pure 
self-coloured  herds,  and  betook  rods  of  green  Poplar, 
HattI,  and  Chestnut  tree,  and  partly  peeled  them, 
making  "the  white  appear  which  was  in  the  rods  ;" 
and  he  set  these  rods  near  to  the  drinking  places,  but 
he  suffered  the  strongest  and  finest  of  the  cattle  only 
to  drink  near  the  rods,  so  that  the  stronger  offspring 
only  should  be  his.  Any  one  interested  in  nutrition 
and  sexual  fertility  should  read  this  early  account  of 
natural  selection  and  predisposing  causes  of  variation 
attentively,  and  they  will  see  plainly  that  Jacob  the 
herdsman  of  3000  or  4000  years  ago  was  as  "  scien- 
tific" as  most  of  us  are  to-day!  Although  we  may 
smile  in  a  good-humoured  way  at  Mr.  Meehan's 
innocent  assumption  that  "  to  American  botanists  is 
mainly  due  the  credit  of  the  discovery  that,  whether 
a  plant  be  male  or  female,  or  a  Hower  on 
the  plant  be  mile  or  female,  is  a  mere  ques- 
tion of  nutrition, "  yet  we  fully  and  freely  acknow- 
ledge all  that  Mr.  Michan  and  his  co.workers 
have  really  effected  in  tae  interests  of  American 
gardening.  But  can  Mr.  Meehan  cite  a  single  passage 
from  an  Americin  author,  or  from  any  author  on 
American  soil,  who  alkdes  to  this  question  of  nutri- 
tion and  sexual  variability  anterior  to  the  year  1727  ? 
If  not,  we  shall  claim  that  the  subject  was  first  dis- 
covered by  an  En^Ii.-h  doctor  of  medicine  practicing 
in  Ireland,  and  this  only  to  have  evidence  brought 
forward  that  the  thing  was  known  t«  the  Egyptians 
or  the  Phcenicians,  or  at  least  to  the  Greeks.  It  was 
only  the  other  day  that  Mr.  Carruthers  told  us  at  the 
Bfitish  .\ssociation  that  the  cereals  of  Egypt  were  as 
fine  today  as  ihey  were  30CO  to  5000  years  ago,  and 
that  the  species  of  plants  then  common  in  Egyptian 
fields  are  there  to-day  practically  unchanged  !  This 
may  be  true  of  Egypt,  and  not  true  of  European 
kinds,  and  fuither  the  cultivated  offshoots  from  these 
types  may  have  become  changed  past  recognition,  a; 
waithe  case  with  the  Flax  of  the  Lake  dwellers  of 
S  «ilzuland  as  compared  » ith  the  Flax  of  to-day.  If 
it  be  true,  however,  it  does  not  prove  but  that  im- 
proved forms  have  been  raised  over  and  over  again — • 
raised,  used,  and  improved  and  lost  again  during  the 
whole  period  since  cultivation  first  began. 

Be  this  as  it  may,  however,  we  have  the  testimony 
of  the  fossilised  plants,  which  conclusively  prove  that 
both  climate  and  vegetation  changes  during  different 
epochs  in  the  earth's  history.  Where  are  the  living 
representatives  of  the  gigantic  t^alamites  and  Lepi- 
dodendrons  now  ?  If  I  mistake  not  the  fossil 
botanists  do  not,  because  they  cannot,  except  in  very 
few  cases,  refer  the  fossil  species  of  the  past  to 
the  living  species  of  the  present  time  !  If  this 
cannot  be  done,  we  have  strict  evidence  of  what  we 
call  evolution  having  taken  place,  just  as  we  have 
ample  evidence  that  it  is  taking  place  all  around  us 
to-day.  The  main  tact  to  decide  is,  whether  evolu- 
tion takes  place  or  not ;  and  some  day  we  may  be  able 
to  compute  the  time  necessary  for  such  changes  to 
take  place.  The  cereals  and  pulse  of  ancient  Egypt 
may  have  been  very  good  examples,  but  no  one,  as  I 
imagine,  could  prove  that  they  are  finer  than  the  best 
of  improved  kinds  as  now  grown  in  Europe  and 
America.  Even  if  this  were  true,  the  excellence  of 
quality  of  the  Ei.'yptian  corn  might  be  traced  to  the 
fact  of  the  cuhivated  land  ol  Egjpt  being  renewed 
every  season  by  the  annual  overflow  of  the  Nile.  /'. 
W.  BtirbiJ^e,  F.L.S. 


mn\(\i  ][otBS  and  Ikaninp. 


ORCHIDS  AT  MR.  DORMAN'.S,  LAURIE  PARK, 
SYDENHAM. 

Therk  are  few  more  enthusiastic  amateurs  than  the 
owner  of  this  choice  collection.  November  5  is 
about  the  worst  time  in  the  whole  year  to  look  for 
Orchids  in  flower,  but  I  was  fortunate  to  find  many 
plants  in  great  beauty  ;  the  Pleiones  were  past  their 
lieu,  but  P.  maculata  was  very  fine  :  it  is  the  best  in 
the  genus.  P.  birmannica  is  a  very  pretty  and  dis- 
tinct free  flowering  species  ;  the  flowers  quite  distinct 
in  cilour,  the  sepals  and  petals  being  ol  a  pale  lilac 
or  purplish  colour,  tde  lip  pale  lilac  with  a  yellow 
centrt*.     The  peduncles  are  mostly  two-flowered. 

Oncidium  varicosum,  which  must  be  classed  amongst 
the  very  best  of  the  yellow  flowered  species,  was 
beautifully  in  flower.  There  was  also  a  handsome 
flowered  specimen  of  O.  Kigersi,  the  flowers  of  which 
were  quite  2  inches  across  by  measurement  ;  the  rich 
golden-yellow  colour  of  the  variety  is  most  lovely, 
Before  the  recent  importations  of  O.  varicosum.  this 
variety  was  very  scarce.  I  have  seen  it  grown  in  Teak 
baskets  with  160  flowers  on  a  spike.  It  may  be 
asserted  that  all  the  Oncidiums  succeed  better  in 
baskets  than  in  pots. 

The  dwaif  growing  Citlleyas  were  particularly 
attractive,  the  best  of  them  being  some  C.  marginata 
of  extra  fine  form.  They  vary  much  in  colour  and 
still  more  in  the  sizj  of  the  flowers.  O.ie  very  richly 
coloured  variety  had  flowers 4j  inches  across.  In  this 
variety  the  maroon-purple  lip,  with  narrow  white 
margin,  alfjrds  a  striking  contrast  to  the  pale  rosy- 
purple  sepals. 

Another  of  the  dwarf-growing  type,  with  a  distinct 
and  lovely  flower,  is  C.  dolosa,  with  rosy-purple 
sepals  and  petals,  and  a  much  deeper  tinted  lip. 
Lrelia  Dayana  was  also  in  flower,  and  is  the  deepest 
coloured  one  ol  all ;  the  lip  is  rich  pu  ple-maroon.  A 
rather  taller  growing  variety  thin  any  of  the  above 
was  also  in  flower,  L.  Dormaniana,  this  is  quite 
distinct  from  any  of  the  above  although  it  may  well 
be  associated  with  them.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a 
natural  hybrid,  between  Catlleya  bicolor  and  Lselii 
pumila.  The  sepals  are  olive-green  with  dark  spots, 
the  lip  rich  maroon-crimson.  All  these  dwarf-grow- 
ing species  do  well  in  small  baskets  suspended  from 
the  roof,  in  which  position  they  do  not  shade  the 
plant;  below  much,  as  their  growths  are  small.  The 
gorgeous  Caltleya  Dowiana  was  also  in  flower.  This 
species  is  easily  grown  in  the  warm  Cattleya-house, 
the  only  difficulty  is  in  learning  the  knack  of  putting 
it  to  rest.  The  plants  have  such  an  obstinate  tendency 
to  Stan  into  growth  as  soon  as  the  flowers  lade, 
or  even  before,  when  it  is  better  they  should 
not  so  do  until  Ihey  have  taken  at  least 
three  to  four  months'  rest.  Keeping  the  plants 
as  dry  and  cool  as  possible  is  the  only  way 
to  prevent  it.  Several  plants  of  Catlleya  maxima 
were  furnished  with  flower-spikes.  This  is  one  ol  the 
most  distinct  and  beautiful  of  all  the  Cattleyas,  but 
few  growers  succeed  with  it.  The  right  way  to  treat 
all  these  shy-flowering  species  is  to  place  them  close  to 
the  glass  when  they  are  making  their  growth,  and 
:  fiord  them  a  decided  season  of  rest  and  a  season  of 
growth.  This  may  be  ascertained  as  much  by  the 
active  or  quiescent  state  of  the  roots  as  by  tbe  appear- 
ance of  the  plants.  Here  is  a  fine  group  of  Lycaste 
Skinneri  alba,  some  four  or  five  plants  of  distinct 
varieties  of  it  in  flower.  They  have  pure  white 
flowers,  all  of  them,  but  differ  in  the  form  and  in  the 
density  of  colour  of  the  yellow  blotch  on  lip.  Another 
lovely  variety  of  L.  Skinneri  is  in  flower.  The  per- 
sistent character  of  this  Orchid,  and  its  easy  culture, 
are  strong  recommendations  in  its  favour.  If  those 
who  have  not  succeeded  with  it  wou'd  try  leaf-mould 
in  the  compost,  and  a  little  very  weak  manure-water, 
when  the  plants  are  making  their  growth,  they  would 
probably  have  to  note  an  improvement  in  the  look  of 
them.  The  quaint-looking  Catasetum  Chrislyanum, 
with  its  dark  brown  sepals  and  petals,  the  greenish 
lip,  and  singular  profile,  Vanda  Sanderiana  arid 
many  form^  of  Cypripedium  Spicerianum  were  in 
flower  in  the  warmest  house. 

The  Cool  Houses  were  not  so  plentifully  furnished 
with  flowers,  but  some  few  striking  examples  were 
noticeable,  especially  fine  being  Odontoglossum 
Insleyaisplendens,  well  furnished  with  flowers  4  inches 
across,  on  two  strong  spikes.  Cymbidium  giganteum, 
a  good  old  sjecies  of  very  strong  growth,  was  in 
flower  ;  this  species  is  well  worth  growing,  if  the 
houses  are  large,  but  it  would  be  out  of  place  in  a 
small  house.      Lycaste  Candida,  fat  inferior  to   the 


620 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


(NOVEMIIER    13      1S86. 


white  variety  of  Skinneri,  was  producing  many  of  its 
much  smaller  flowers,  which  have  greenish  sepals  and 
while  petals,  J.  D. 


NEW  VARIETIES  OF  HYACINTHS. 
In  recommending  varieties  of  Hyacinths  we  have 
learned  to  be  very  cautious,  because  tastes  difTer. 
Most  people  thinl<  the  largest  bulbs  produce  the 
largest  spikes.  This  notion  is  quite  wrong.  There  is, 
for  instance,  Norma  (single  pink),  one  of  the  largest 
bulbs,  but  which  has  a  spike  of  inferior  size  ;  and  on  the 
other  side  there  is  Souvenir  de  T.  H.  Veen  {single  dark 
blue-purple),  one  of  the  best  varieties  in  its  colour, 
producing  a  [small  bulb,  and  yet][the  spike  is  extra- 


double   one   where   two  spikes  are  united  together, 
imitating  a  single  truss. 

As  to  the  choice  of  varieties  we  quite  agree,  but 
advise  our  correspondent  to  try  another  year  a  few 
varieties,  seedlings  of  later  years,  such  as  Electra,  a 
very  pale  blue,  and  the  largest  Bower  amongst  all 
colours.  When  this  variety  was  for  the  first  time 
shown  to  us  we  counted  131  bells  on  the  spike.  We 
may  also  recommend  him  to  try  the  Sultan,  a  very 
dark  purple  variety  with  a  dwarf  habit  ind  pyramidal 
form,  and  Pimcess  Louise,  double,  dark  red,  with 
beautiful  large,  flat  bells,  and  for  a  double  variety 
producing  an  exceptionally  large  truss.  7.  H.  Kentein 
u^  Co  ,  Florists  and  Siecdsmen,  HaarUm. 


ONCIDIUM    SERRATUM. 

That  there  is  a  close  relation  between  flower-buds 
and  leaf-buds  is  known  to  every  botanist.     When  a 


imbricata,  and  the  result  of  the  investigation  has  been 
to  fully  confirm  the  previous  opinion  which  I  held  and 
expressed.  In  my  somewhat  long  experience  I  have 
found  many  specimen  Conifers  sufferingj  from  causes 
which  are,  if  understood,  perfectly  under  control,  and 
if  more  care  were  taken  by  those  in  charge,  be  ihey 
gardeners,  foresters,  or  amateurs,  we  should  have  a 
much  finer  display  of  these  ornamental  trees.  As  it 
is,  they  are  too  often  miserable  specimens  ooly  of  a 
magnificent  family. 

To  obtain  this  success  attention  is  needed  in  the 
smallest  details  and  from  the  very  earliest  stages. 
It  is  seldom  that  a  drooping  and  suffering  specimen 
can  be  reanimated,  and  perfect  symmetry  and  beauty 
can  only  be  obtained  when  care  is  taken  in  the 
selection  of  the  plant,  the  selection  of  the  soil  and  site, 
and  in  the  after  treatment.  It  is  the  common  prac- 
tice  to   plant   these  trees   and  then  to   leave    them 


Fig.  121.— crat^gus  pinnatifida  var.  major,    (see  p.  621.) 


ordinarily  large.  In  the  Gardeners^  Chronidt  of 
the  6th  inst.  we  find  this  variety  marked  as  too 
popular,  and  the  bulbs  miserably  small.  We  are  sorry 
to  difTer  from  that  opinion,  as  it  was  only  in  18S3 
that  this  was  exhibited  as  a  new  variety  by  Messrs. 
James  Veitch  &  Sons  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  and 
Royal  Botanic  Societies,  and  it  was  duly  Certificated 
at  both  places  not  so  long  ago.  That  it  cannot 
have  become  popular— and  in  no  case  too  popular— 
we  feel  sure. 

We  quite  agree  with  the  writer,  if  this  variety 
made  a  better  bulb  it  would  be  a  great  advantage  for 
the  future  demand  for  it ;  but  we  protest  against 
the  \  wrong  practice  of  selecting  only  the  large 
bulbs,  making  the  best  varieties  to  grow  for  show  or 
for  potting  purposes.  This  variety  never  produces 
a''large\bulb,  and  even  in  potting  for  show  pur- 
poses] we  take  care  to  pick  out  the  smaller  ones  of 
this  sort,  as  from  our  experience  we  are  more  certain 
to  have  one  single  truss,   and  this  we  prefer  to  a 


student  of  plants  sees  the  flower-stalk  of  a  Fourcroya 
covered  with  little  green  buds  instead  of  flowers  he  is 
not  astonished  beyond  measure,  and  so  the  appearance 
of  leaf-buds  on  the  branching  raceme  of  Oncidium 
serratum,  or  on  the  inflorescence  of  a  Phalsenopsis,  is 
regarded  as  an  uousual  but  not  as  a  very  marvellous 
circumstance. 

In  some  cases  this  production  of  leaf-buds  might 
be  advantageous  for  propagating  purposes.  Our 
illustratiou  (fig.  122)  shows  a  portion  of  such  in- 
florescence ,much  reduced.  It  was  kindly  sent  us  by 
Mr.  Fl.  James,  of  Norwood. 


JrEES      and      ^HF{UB3. 


A    POST   MORTEM   ON    AN    ARAUCARIA 

IMBRICATA   (CHILI    PINE). 
I  HAVE  been  recently  called  in  to  investigate  the 
cause  of  death  in  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Araucaria 


uncared  for,  upon  the  supposition  that  Nature  will  do 
the  rest  j  but  there  can  be  no  more  vain  delusion 
than  this.  These  trees  require  during  their  growth 
constant  and  liberal  feeding,  and  in  dry  situations 
mulching,  so  that  sufficient  moisture  may  be  retained 
and  keep  the  fine  root-fibres  near  the  surface.  The 
soil,  too,  must  be  drained,  as  this  special  species  will 
not  live  long  where  there  is  a  cold  and  retentive 
subsoil. 

If  such  a  well-selected  specimen  is  planted  and  cared 
for  during  growth,  the  probability  is  that  a  fine  tree 
will  be  obtained  which  will  be  a  pleasure  instead 
of  an  eyesore,  "  a  thing  of  beauty"  in  fact,  and  a 
*'ioy  for  ever." 

If,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  neglected,  and  in  after 
years  steps  are  taken  to  reinvigorate  it,  they  will 
probably  fail,  even  If  wisely  and  scientifically  carried 
out. 

I  have  always  held  these  views,  and  therefore  was 
glad  of  the  opportunity  which  offered  to  confirm  them 


November  13,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


621 


It  is  seldom  such  occurs,  as  few  are  disposed  to  grub 
up  a  tree  which  still  shows  signs  of  life,  but  which 
nevertheless  promises  no  attribute  of  beauty. 

The  tree  in  question  was  planted  in  the  year  1S51, 
and  had  developed  into  a  symmetrical  and  really 
beautiful  specimen.  About  four  years  ago  it  showed 
signs  of  distress,  in  the  lower  branches,  and  gumming 
set  in.  An  effort  was  made  by  those  in  charge  to 
check  this  by  the  application  of  pitch  to  the  cancerous 
spot  and  by  top-dressing,  but  without  avail.  The 
disease  gradually  increased  and  with  greater  celerity 
towards  the  end.  It  was  evident  that  the  tree  no 
longer  obtained  nouiishment  from  the  roots,  and  was 
living  only  on  its  own  inherent  sap.  Strange  to 
say,  this  continued  for  over  a  year,  and  when  the  tree 
was  felled,  ot  rather  grubbed  up,  the  top  was  still 
alive  and  vigorous,  the  roots  and  the  stem  being  not 
only  dead  but  rotten. 

The  opinion  I  expressed  was  that  the  tree  had 
thrown  down  a  tap-root  into  a  cold  and  wet  subsoil, 
and  also  lacked  nourishment  at  the  surface.  The 
latter  cause  I  did  not  place  much  importance  upon, 
for  having  lived  so  long  there  was  no  reason  why 
it  should  not  have  continued  in  health  had  not  the 


which  I  have  to  some  extent  expressed  already  ;  — 
This  tree,  and  most  Conifers,  will  not  thrive  on  un- 
drained  land,  where  the  subsoil  is  wet  and  retentive. 
To  reach  perfection  the  soil  should  be  a  porous,  friable 
loam,  and  if  not  so  naturally  artificial  means  should 
be  taken  to  render  it  so.  The  tree  by  top-dressing  at 
reasonable  intervals,  and  by  keeping  the  surface  open, 
it,,  free  from  turf,  should  be  induced  to  keep  its 
roots  and  root  fibre  near  the  surface.  As  time  goes 
on,  a  trench  should  be  dug  2  feet  deep  round  the  tree, 
6,  8,  or  10  feet  from  the  stem,  according  to  size  and 
age  of  the  tree,  and  tilled  with  new  mould,  enriched 
with  a  compost  of  leaves  and  well-rotted  dung.  In 
hot,  dry  weather  the  soil  for  some  space  round  should 
be  well  covered  with  dead  leaves  or  cut  grass,  so  as 
to  prevent  too  rapid  evaporation.  A  good  plan,  too, 
and  one  that  I  believe  would  amply  repay  the  trouble 
and  expense,  would  be  to  plant  the  tree  on  a  base  of 
concrete  about  2  feet  in  diameter ;  and  further,  I 
would  plant  the  tree  entirely  in  new  soil,  using  none 
that  was  taken  out.  When  trees  of  this  sort  are 
planted,  the  invariable  object  is  to  obtain  a  beautiful 
effect,  and  therefore  no  expense  or  trouble  should  be 
spared.    C.  E,  Curtis. 


Fig.  122.— prolific  oncidium  :  leaf-buds  produced  in  place  of  flowers,     (see  p.  620.) 


tap-root  assisted  itself  from  lack  of  vigour  in  the 
lateral  roots.  On  investigation,  I  found  that  the 
upper  soil  to  the  depth  of  about  2  feet  was  per- 
fectly dry,  so  dry  as  to  leave  one  in  wonder  as  to 
where  the  nourishment  had  come  from  for  so  long. 
The  roots  in  this  had  spread  and  were  well  deve- 
loped, and  at  one  time  had  evidently  possessed 
much  vigour,  but  were  then  dead.  Digging  deeper 
the  tap-root  was  found,  and  when  the  tree  was  pulled 
over  this  came  out  like  a  tooth,  and  it  is  not  a  hyper- 
bolical expression  to  say  that  it  was  dripping  with 
moisture.  The  resistance  it  had  met  with  had 
deprived  it  of  its  outer  skin  and  left  it  perfectly  white, 
which  in  itself  proves  the  moist  state  of  the  subsoil. 
The  root  was  fully  3  feet  long. 

The  soil  was  a  wet  sour  clay,  containing  veins  of 
sand  and  gravel,  such  as  is  found  more  or  less 
throughout  the  soils  of  the  London  and  plastic  clays, 
and  when  it  is  remembered  that  on  the  surface  above 
this  there  was  absolute  dryness,  it  becomes  a  wonder 
how  the  tree  had  so  long  found  nourishment. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  gumming  had  by  this 
lime  spread  over  the  whole  tree.  On  sawing  through 
the  trunk  the  timber  was  found  soft  and  fibrous  ;  and 
even  if  in  health  it  would  not  have  shown  signs  of 
value.  I  gathered  from  this  investigation  the  following 
important  facts,  and  from  them  have  formed  the  opinions 


to  be  of  larger  size  than  in  many  species  ;  it  is  for  the 
fruit,  however,  that  this  plant  will  be  valued,  as  the 
berries  are  of  larger  size  in  this  variety  than  those  of 
any  other  (see  Bg.  121)  in  cultivation,  and  of  a  &ne 
bright  red  colour. 

There  would  appear  to  be  two  forms  of  Crataegus 
pinnatiBda,  only  differing,  so  far  as  I  can  tell,  in  the 
size  of  the  fruit  ;  one  of  them  has  small  fiuit  of  about 
the  size  of  that  of  the  common  Hawthorn  or  a  little 
larger.  This  I  take  to  be  the  typical  form  described 
by  Bunge  ;  the  second  form  has  large  fruit,  about 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter — this  is  Mr. 
Veilch's  plant,  and  I  propose  to  distinguish  it  by  the 
varietal  name  major.  The  leaves  of  the  typical  form 
are  often  smaller,  the  lobes  narrower,  more  acute,  and 
frequently  cut  nearly  down  to  the  midrib  ;  but  some- 
times the  leaves  are  as  large  and  in  every  respect  the 
same  as  those  of  var.  major,  so  that  I  am  led  to 
conclude  that  this  is  merely  the  effect  of  the  different 
amount  of  nourishment  received  by  the  plants. 

The  variety  major  I  suspect  to  be  a  cultivated  state 
of  the  plant,  as  its  large  fruit  is  used  to  make  jam  and 
jellies,  and  on  the  label  of  one  specimen,  collected 
by  Dr.  Btetschneider,  it  is  stated  to  be  cultivated  ; 
another  specimen  of  it,  however,  collected  by  Mr. 
J.  Ross,  has  the  following  note  on  the  lable  : — "  Fruit 
of  this  wild  Thorn  grows  as  large  as  a  Plum,  acid- 
sweet,  and  much  used  for  preserves."  Both  forms 
are  natives  of  North  America. 

The  fruits  of  Messrs.  Veitch's  plant  are  Pear-shaped, 
and  this  seems  to  be  somewhat  the  form  of  the  fruit  of 
the  dried  specimens  I  have  seen  ;  but  Koch  states  that 
the  fruits  are  either  globose  or  Pear-shaped. 

The  following  are  briefly  the  characters  of  Cratae- 
gus pinnatifida  var.  major: — A  tree  with  deciduous 
leaves,  stipules  large,  falcate,  acute,  toothed,  petioles 
I  J— 2  inches  long,  blade  of  the  leaf  2 — 3  inches  long, 
pinnatifid,  cut  from  one-third  to  one-half  way  down 
to  the  midrib  into  two  to  four  pairs  of  broad,  oblong, 
obtuse  or  acute  lobes,  with  serrate  margins  ;  peduncles 
two  to  four  flowered,  clustered  in  terminal  corymbs, 
2 — 3  inches  in  diameter ;  flowers  white,  about  three 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  ;  fruit  Pear-shaped, 
an  inch  long  and  three  quarters  of  an  inch  thick,  bright 
scarlet-red  [dull  crimson  ?  ] ;  the  eye  is  open  and  very 
deeply  sunken,  being  one-third  of  an  inch  in  depth. 
It  is  well  distinguished  from  all  other  species  of 
Crataegus  by  the  long  petioles  of  the  leaves,  and  very 
large  fruit  with  very  deeply  sunken  eye,  N.  E.  Brntin, 
Herbarium^  Kew.  [This  is  the  plant,  specimens  of 
which  were  lately  shown  by  Messrs.  Veitch  under  the 
name  of  C.  tartarica.     Ed.]. 

CRATitGUS  Leeiana. — When  looking  through  a 
nursery  at  Downham  Market,  Norfolk,  in  October 
last,  I  observed  a  large  Hawthorn  tree  full  of  clusters 
of  big  red  berries,  which  I  was  informed  was  C. 
Leeiana.  A  beautiful  ornament  to  the  garden  in 
autumn  should  not  go  unnoticed  by  planters.  The 
Cockspur  Thorn  when  full  of  its  lovely  red  berries  is 
very  beautiful,  but  the  subject  of  this  note  is  even 
more  so,  being  brighter  in  the  colour  of  the  beiiies. 
J.  C. 


The  Colorado  Spruce. 
Under  this  name  is  designated  the  very  beautiful 
blue  Spruce,  Abies  (or  Picea)  pungens,  the  glaucous 
form  of  which  was  at  one  time  called  Parryana  glauca. 
It  appears  from  the  collectors'  notes  that  the  seedlings 
from  the  same  tree  are  of  all  shades,  from  very  blue  to 
dark  green,  so  that  it  is  necessary  to  select  the  best, 
and  these  naturally  command  a  higher  price  than  the 
green  ones.  The  tree  is  quite  hardy,  and  endures  the 
most  severe  prairie  winds  at  40''  below  zero.  There 
is  a  beautiful  plant  of  this  in  Mr.  Anthony  Waterer's 
nursery  at  Knap  Hill.  We  do  not  know  at  present 
what  soil  suits  it  best,  but  we  can  testify  that  both  the 
green  and  the  glaucous  variety  do  well  as  young 
plants  on  cold,  stiff,  wet  clay. 

CRAT.EGUS  pinnatifida  (Bunge)  var.  major, 
N.  E.  Brown,  n.  var.' 

This  is  an  exceedingly  ornamental  Hawthorn,  of 
which  I  have  received  good  fruiting  specimens  from 
Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  who  introduced  it  from 
Tartary  some  years  ago.  Its  flowers  in  a  fresh  state 
I  have  not  seen,  but  the  dried  specimens  show  them 

"  Cratipgtis  pinttatijida,  Eunge,  in  .5"^.  Petersburg  Mem. 
SaviiHs  Etrang..  1831,  vol.  ii.,  p-  100  ;  Tiam.  Russian  Hart. 
Soc.  1862,  t.  92  ;  Kegel,  Garlenjiora,  t.  366.  Mespilus  pinn.-i- 
tiiida,  Koch,  Dendrol.,  vol.  i.,  p.  153. 


JrADE    ]N(0TiCE3. 


ORCHIDS    AT    MR.    WM.      BULL'S. 

No  better  answer  could  be  giveo  to  those  who  say 
that  Orchids  cannot  be  grown  to  petfeciion  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  large  towns,  than  by  poinung  to  the 
extensive  and  heaUhy  collection  at  this  establiabment. 
As  we  pass  through  house  after  house  filled  not  only 
with  large  quantities  of  those  showy  things  which  are 
in  general  demand,  but  also  with  a  great  variety  of 
rare  and  curious  plants  not  generally  met  with,  and 
many  of  them  very  difficuU  to  cultivate,  we  find  them 
all  in  the  best  condition  possible,  clean,  sound,  and 
well-rooted  ;  indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  plants 
more  vigorous  than  those  contained  in  Mr.  Bull's  col- 
lection, and  especially  in  the  large  Catileya-house, 
and  that  containing  the  many  hundreds  of  fine  speci- 
mens  of  Odontoglossum  vexillarium,  and  Oncidium 
macranthum,  which  most  growers  would  find  it  diffi- 
cult to  surpass  even  when  their  plants  are  grown  in  the 
most  favourable  and  open  parts  of  the  country.  In 
town  the  skill  of  the  grower  is  no  doubt  taxed  to  the 
utmost,  but  nevertheless  of  all  plants  the  Orchids 
seem  to  be  the  least  pariiculir  as  to  locality. 

In  the  Cattleya-house,  which  also  contains  the 
larger  Laelias,  L.  Perrini,  that  useful  November 
flower,  still  makes  a  show  with  some  of  the  varieties 


622 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[November  13, 


of  L,  elegans,  of  which  L.  e.  Mastersiana,  wilh 
its  white  sepals  and  petals  and  broadly  expanded 
crimson  lip,  proves  its  superiority  over  the  varieties 
of  L.  e.  Schilleiiana,  and  L.  e.  alba  near  by  ; 
the  L.  anceps  too,  of  which  there  are  many  superb 
white  varieties  here,  are  coming  in,  among  those  pro- 
minent in  bud  being  L,  a.  Uiwsoni,  L  a.  alba, 
L.  a.  venusta  and  L  a.  Hilli.  Among 
the  Cattleyas  the  C.  TriaoKi  are  well  furnished  with 
rising  buds,  the  fine  varieties  C.  T.  princeps,  a  very 
missive  dark  crimson-lipped  variety  ;  C.  T.  virginalc, 
the  finest  white;  C,  T.  Imperalor,  an  improvement  on 
Kusselliana  ;  C.  T.  Victoria,  with  while  sepals  and 
petals  and  crimson  lip  ;  and  C.  T.  lyrianthina,  a  rich 
medium-sized  flower,  being  well  advanced.  The  C. 
Mendeli  and  C.  Skinneri  are  well  furnished  with 
flower-sheaths,  the  htter  especially  so  ;  and  the  Lslia 
purpurata,  of  which  some  grand  mass;s  of  the  true 
old  type  are  here,  are  equally  well  set  for  flower.  In 
this  house  a  number  of  plants  of  Angi^cum  seEqui- 
ptdale  are  always  to  be  found  in  good  condition,  and 
the  fact  is  worth  recording,  as  some  think  it  will  not 
grow  with  Cattleyas.  Some  Aerides,  Cattleya  aurea, 
and  Ansellia  africana  are  also  in  bloom.  In  the 
vexillarium-house  before  alluded  to  is  a  fine  lot  of 
specimens  of  OJontoglossum  Phaljenopsis,  a  large 
lot  of  Pilumna  fragrans  and  P.  nobilis  in  bud  ;  and 
in  flower  some  fine  sprays  of  Oncidium  varicosum, 
Masdevallia  tovarensis,  Vanda  ccerulea,  Odontoglos- 
Bum  cirrosum,  and  a  number  of  varieties  of  Lycaste 
Skinneri,  including  five  of  the  best  varieties  of  the 
pure  white  L.  S.  alba,  one  of  them  having  five  flowers 
open — a  superb  plant. 

In  the  next  two  warm  houses  we  found  in  flower 
Trichocentrum  albo-purpureum,  Cattleya  superba, 
many  examples  of  Oncidium  Krameii,  O.  pumilum, 
Aeiides  Lawrencix,  a  fine  lot  of  Odontoglossum 
Roezlii,  including  the  pure  white  and  the  dark  violet- 
marked  form,  called  nigrum  ;  Cypripedium  Law- 
renceanum,  some  of  them  superb  forms ;  C.  selli- 
gerum,  C.  concolor  Regnicri,  C.  Spicerianum,  C. 
Godefroys,  C.  barbatum  biflorum,  C.  barbatum 
pulcherrimum,  the  scarlet  llibenatia  militaris,  Poly- 
stachya  hypocritica,  Angisecum  Leoni,  A.  citratum 
(numbers  showing  flower),  Warrea  tricolor,  Houl- 
lettia  odoratissima,  Lycaste  plana  alba,  L.  Birring- 
toni,  Calanthe  Mylami,  C.  veratrifolia,  PhaL-enop- 
sis  Stuarliana  ;  a  pretty  group  of  Cattleya  luteola, 
another  of  the  blue  Tillandsia  Lindeni  vera,  and 
a  robustly  grown  batch  of  the  true  while  Ccelogyne 
cristata  hcloleuca  ot  alba  with  strong  flowering 
growths. 

The  intermediate-houfes  have  a  good  show  of 
bloom,  in  which  the  quantities  of  Oncidium  tigrinum 
and  O.  prretextum  are  promineni  ;  wilh  them  are  well- 
flowersd  plants  of  Millonia  Moieliana,  M.  spectabile 
bicolor  (just  over),  M.  Candida,  Oncidium  cheiro- 
phorum,  O.  unguiculatum,  Cypripedium  Schlimii, 
Odontoglossum  cariniferum,  O.  ramosissimum,  Ljelia 
pumila,  Crelogyne  ocellata  and  C.  ocellala  maxima, 
which  latter  is  twice  the  size  of  the  former  ;  C. 
Massangeana,  Dendrochilum  Cobbianum  giganleum, 
a  fine  and  fragrant  plant— the  best  of  the  Dendrochi- 
lums ;  and  a  glowing  scarlet  group  of  the  best  strain 
of  Sophronilis  grandiflora,  which  cannot  be  over- 
rated as  a  charming  winter  flower. 

The  occupants  of  the  cool-houses  again  call  for 
remark  as  to  their  vigour,  the  long  house  of  Odonto- 
glossum Alexandra  and  its  hybrids,  and  the 
others  filled  with  Masdevallias,  &c.,  being  up  to 
their  very  best.  Few  collections  can  boast  such  a  large 
quantity  of  fine  cdd  specimens  of  O.  Alexandras  and 
O.  Pescatorei  as  this,  some  of  the  plants  having  been 
grown  on  here  from  the  earliest  importations,  and 
many  of  them  are  large  established  plants.  The 
advantage  of  these  strong  bottoms  is  seen  in  the 
strength  of  the  flower-spikes  and  the  size  of  the 
flowers  of  such  of  them  as  are  in  bloom.  Besides  the 
while  flowered  Odontoglossums  in  bloom  is  a  neat 
group  of  O.  Rossii  majus,  several  of  the  true  O. 
Insleayi  leopardinum  and  O.  I.  splendens,  some  O. 
grande  and  O.  Uro-Skinneri,  a  dozen  or  so  well- 
flowered  plants  of  the  pretty  and  'delightfully  fragrant 
Trichosme  suavis,  Pleurolhallir.  Barberina,  P.  velati- 
caulis,  Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus,  Saphronites 
cernua,  some  Mesospinidium  vulcanicum,  vtry  useful 
for  its  bright  magenta-ctimson  colour ;  many  vaiielies 
of  Masdevallia  ignea,  also  useful  for  their  glowing 
orange-scarlet  tints ;  M.  Wallisii,  M.  pecisteria,  M. 
Veitchii, 

The  approach  to  the  older  houses,  through  the 
conservatory   filled    with    Falms   and    Tree    Ferns, 


and  now  brightened  with  Chrysanthemums,  is  well 
worth  lingering  in.  The  honses  them  elves  contain 
Vandas,  the  Cymhidiums,  and  others,  mostly  of  .the 
stronger  growing  kinds,  all  the  plants  being  clean 
and  healthy,  and  most  of  the  houses  have  snm; 
flower.  In  going  round  we  noted  in  bloom  good 
batches  of  Oncidium  Papilio  and  O.  Krameri,  Pha're- 
nopsis  Esmeralda  and  P.  amabilis,  Vanda  suavis,  and 
in  the  same  hou^e  a  grand  lot  of  Chatswonh 
and  other  varieties  of  Cotligyne  cristata;  several 
Cymbidium  Mastii  ,ii,  a  lovely  while  winter  flower; 
I\frxitlaria  grandiflor.i,  Oncidium  excavatum,  Cypri- 
pedium liaynaldianum,  C.  Sedeni,  C.  insigne 
Cbanlini,  and  C.  insigne  var.  maculata,  a  form 
intermediate  between  C.  i.  Chanlini  and  C.  i.  var. 
albo-mar^inata  ;  several  of  the  fragrant,  clear  yellow 
Mormodes  pa-dinum  unicolor,  Dendrobium  bigibbum, 
and  the  first  D.  Wardianuni  we  have  seen  this 
season. 

We  were  also  tempted  into  the  new  (lint  houses, 
but  as  space  will  not  allow  our  even  attempting  a 
pissing  notice  of  the  many  handsome  things  contained 
therein,  we  content  ourselves  by  rci'crating  the  opinion 
we  have  formerly  expressed  respecting  the  rich  and 
brilliant  crimson-scarlet  Impatiens  Hawkerii,  and  the 
lively  Arisiolochia  elegans,  which  appear  to  be  two 
of  ihe  most  acceptable  and  generilly  useful  plants  of 
recent  introduction. 

ClISYS.iNTHEMUMS    AT    MeSSRS.    VeITCII   &    SONS. 

The  sections  of  this  group  grown  here  are  mainly 
the  Japanese  and  the  incurved,  with  another  non- 
descript class,  for  which  a  denomination  is  wanted — 
we  allude  to  hybrids  of  Japanese  and  incurved  varie- 
ties, that  possess  the  characteristics  of  each.  The 
plants  are  dwarfer  than  we  have  noted  them  in 
former  seasons,  and  are  well  furnished  with  foliage 
and  flower. 

A  large  span-house  was  set  apart  for  the  principal 
exhibition,  and  a  line  of  plants  stood  right  and 
left  ot  the  palh  in  the  Camellia  corridor.  Plants 
of  1SS5  noted  were  Rosy  Morn,  a  flesh-coloured 
reflexed  variety  ;  Madame  Melanie  Fabre,  light  rose, 
and  veryprctly  ;  Stevens'  Maiden's  Blush,  almost  too 
white  to  be  called  by  such  a  name  ;  Bras  Rouge,  a 
flower  of  deep  crimson  and  golden  centre  florets  ; 
Souvenir  d'flrarlem,  Mrs.  Ilorsefield,  a  large  blush 
incurved,  like  Globe  in  form,  from  which  it  is  a  sport  ; 
Fleur  de  Bois,  a  deep  chestnut-brown,  with  well 
reflexed  florets,  and  Mrs.  J.  Laing.  The  plants  of 
1SS6  observed  in  bloom  in  the  larger  collection,  and 
which  possessed  in  most  instances  well-grown  flowers, 
were  Mons.  11.  Elliott,  a  bright  coppery  Japanese  ; 
M.  Paul  de  Tours,  a  reflexed  flower,  large,  while, 
wilh  flesh-tipped  florets ;  Madame  la  Marquise  de 
Mun,  a  lilac  reflexed  Japanese,  very  pretty  ; 
Mad.  Mathisson— a  fine  white  Japanese,  of  much 
substance  that  will  make  a  good  show  flower  ;  Orna- 
ment, of  rich  chestnut-red,  a  Japanese  ;  Souvenir 
d'Angeli  Amiel,  of  the  same  class,  a  good  thing  in 
while  ;  Buttercup,  previously  mentioned  amorgst 
ceriificited  flowers  of  the  year,  a  rich  pure  yellow  ; 
Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  with  terete  florets,  standing  out  at 
right  angles  to  the  centre,  giving  it  a  starry  not  un- 
pleasing  appearance  ;  Salmonea  plena,  salmon-pink  ; 
Ruy  Bias,  a  golden-brown  Japanese  with  flnets 
yellow  tipped  ;  Jupiter,  a  bright  crimson  wilh  gold 
tipped  florets — a  well  reflexed  Japanese  ;  another  of 
this  section  is  White  Ceres  with  semi-terete  florets  ; 
Mrs.  (_r.  Weldon,  a  mauve-coloured  flower,  pretty 
and  full,  with  florets  like  those  of  Gaillardia  Loren- 
ziana,  making  this  a  very  distinct  variety ;  L-idy 
Rosebery,  of  beautiful  pale  rose,  also  of  the  Japanese 
class  ;  and  a  white  sport  from  Mad.  C-  Audiguier, 
similar  to  that  in  all  respects  but  colour.  Two  new 
ones  of  Mr.  Salter's  raising— Irene,  a  white  flower, 
and  Janirr,  of  a  deep  magenta  colour,  both  reflexed 
Japanese — are  desirable  sorts.  The  brilliant  golden 
Phtebus,  a  plant  sent  out  in  1S85,  was  noted  in  fine 
flower,  as  well  as  many  others  that  are  now  well 
known  to  Chrysanthemum  growers. 

TtiE  Alluvial  Manure  Company. 
Two  samples  of  the  portable  manure  manufactured 
by  the  above  company  (Market  Buildings,  26,  M.nk 
Lane,  E.C.)  have  been  forwarded  to  us,  which  seem 
to  be  in  an  easily  applied  form.  Of  the  value  of  the 
manures  we  cannot  speak,  nothing  but  comparative 
trials  being  of  any  use  in  testing  such  materials.  We 
think  it  is  most  essential  to  state  the  maximum 
quantity  per  square  rod  or  acre  that  should  be  applied, 
otherwise  serious  losses  can  ensue. 


"pORE3TF^Y. 


NOTES  FROM   THli  C0L0N1.-\L  EXHIBniON  : 

THE  CAN'.ADI.-\N    COURT. 

(Ccdhiii.-.i/rom  f.  y,t)  ) 

The  TuLir  Tree.  — -Amongst  the  several  examples 
of  hardwood  timber  exhibited,  and  such  as  are  of 
particular  interest  to  the  British  public  av.:  the  Tul  p- 
tree  (Liriodendron  tulipifera),  the  B-itlernut  (Juglans 
cinerea),  the  white  Birch  (Betula  alba),  the  American 
Chestnut  (Castanea  vulgaris),  and  the  black  Cherry 
(Prunus  serotina). 

Judging  from  the  specimens  of  the  Tulip  tree 
wood  here  shown  one  would  be  led  to  form  a  very 
decided  opinion  not  only  of  its  beauty  for  the  cabinet- 
maker, but  from  its  firm  close-grained  texture  that 
its  durability  would  be  great.  It  is  very  preity  in 
appearance,  remarkably  elastic  or  easily  bent,  close 
grained,  and  lasting,  and  from  which  good  qualities 
it  is  largely  used  for  the  finer  classes  of  furniture,  for 
fancy  articles,  such  as  desks,  boxes,  &c.,  while  for 
panelling  and  interior  work  generally  it  is  always  used 
where  procurable.  From  the  numbers  of  fine  trees 
ot  the  Liriodendron  growing  in  this  country  their 
lapid  growth  and  indifference  to  any  particular 
soil,  cambined  with  the  valuable  qualities  of  the  wood 
produced  in  its  native  country,  should  be  a  warning 
to  we  English  to  plant  more  extensively  than  we  have 
hitherto  done,  so  ornamental  as  well  as  useful  a 
timber-producing  tree.  The  cost  of  young  Tulip  trees, 
fit  for  immediate  planting  is  not  by  any  means 
exorbitant,  for  if  taken  in  quantity,  we  find  that  they 
may  be  purchased  from  some  of  our  home  nursery- 
men at  the  trifling  cost  of  rather  less  than  6ti.  each. 

The  Chestnut. 
Between  the  wood  of  the  American  Chestnut  and 
that  of  the  best  quality  produced  in  this  country,  I 
could  detect  but  little  diflerence,  indeed  I  am  now 
inclined  to  believe  from  the  results  of  a  chat  over  the 
matler  with  a  Canadian  friend,  that  our  own  is  the 
superior.  That  produced  in  Canada  is  usually  coarse- 
grained, but  in  appearance  little  different  from  our 
own,  always  very  durable,  but  everywhere  difficult  to 
season  so  as  to  prevent  warping,  when  converted  into 
board-.  It  is  extensively  used  for  cabinet-work, 
for  railway  purposes,  and,  hcreabou's  at  least,  in  the 
making  of  coflini.  For  this  latter  purpose  it  is  in 
great  demand  in  Wales,  and  not  unfrequenlly  sub- 
stitutes Oak,  though  the  expense  in  connection  with 
timber  and  workmanship  are  but  little  different. 

Cherry  Wood, 
of  which  two  kinds  are  exhibited,  looked  much  like 
that  of  our  native  Gean  tree,  being  of  a  light  yellowish- 
red  colour,  susceptible,  from  its  firm  texture,  of  a  fine 
polish,  easily  worked,  and  free  from  warping.  Being 
rather  scarce  the  wood  of  the  Cherry  is  rarely  seen  in 
use,  although  in  the  more  expensive  class  of  furniture 
it  is  frequently  employed.  The  prettiest  and  evidently 
the  most  useful  of  the  Canadian  kinds  was  Prunus 
serotina,  or,  as  it  is  usually  called,  the  Waney  Cherry. 

The  Butternut 
is,  when  grown  in  this  country,  as  well,  indeed,  as  in 
Us  Canadian  home,  a  very  ornamental  as  likewise 
useful  timber-producer,  although  in  this  respect  it  is 
far  behind  the  Black  Walnut  (Juglans  nigra),  a  tree 
now  so  commonly  cultivated  in  our  own  country. 
For  wainscoting,  cabinet- making,  and  various  other 
uses,  the  wood  of  the  Butternut  is  still  in  demand, 
but  not  nearly  so  much  as  in  the  black  form. 

This  latter  is  now  getting  extremely  scarce,  and 
sells  at  a  high  price  in  most  countries,  and  it  is  no 
uncommon  thing  to  see  bands  of  men  going  about  in 
various  parts  of  America,  where  this  tree  was  once 
fairly  abundant,  grubbing  up  the  gnarled  and  twisted 
loots  and  stumps  for  veneering  purposes. 

For  the  War  Department  of  this  country  we  annually 
import  large  quantities  of  Walnut  timber  from  the 
Continent,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  warnings  issued 
long  ago  will  have  caused  considerable  tracts  of  this 
tree  to  be  planted,  and  so  lessen,  in  years  to  come, 
foreign  importations.  We  might  here  advise  intend- 
ing planters  of  the  Walnut  not  to  do  so  unless  in 
ground  of  fairly  good  quality,  else  failure  and  not 
success  will  crown  the  eftort. 

Dampish  loam  of  the  very  best  quality  produces  the 
finest  Walnut  timber,  this,  no  doubi,  having  much  to  do 
with  the  present  scarcity  of  the  tree.  A.  D.  IFeis/er, 

{To  be  contintteti.) 


I 


November  13,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


623 


TLAXTING  TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 
The  planting  of  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  should 
now  engage  attention  ;  choose  dry  weather  for  the 
operation,  for  if  the  soil  clings  to  the  spade  and  feet 
it  is  not  in  proper  order  for  working.  Avoid  deluging 
the  soil  after  planting  at  this  season,  it  is  both  un- 
necessary and  detrimental  to  phnts  in  the  open 
ground.  Rhododendrons  will  not  thrive  on  some 
soils,  and  special  provision  has  to  be  made  for  them. 
Wherever  ch.ilk  and  lime  abound  it  is  u-ieless  lo 
a'tempt  growing  these  plants  without  peat  and  leaf- 
m^uld;  they  will,  however,  succeed  in  most  loamy, 
sandy  soils  that  are  free  from  these,  if  a  liberal  add - 
tion  of  leaf  soil  be  mixed  with  the  staple.  In  unsuit- 
able soils  it  is  best  to  elevate  the  peat  beds  consider- 
ably above  the  ground  level,  and  afford  ample  drainage 
foi  the  escape  of  water  ;  as  this,  when  it  passes  over 
chalk  soil,  contains  a  proportion  of  lime  in  suspension. 
Any  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  which  are  not 
growing  satisfactorily  may  be  improved  by  cutting 
a  trench  2  to  3  feet  wide  round  them  at  the  extremity 
of  the  branches,  removing  the  bad  soil  to  the  depth 
of  2  feet,  loosening  the  subsoil  to  the  depth  of  a  foot 
and  leaving  it  loose.  Fill  up  with  good  soil,  or  a 
liberal  top-dressing  may  be  given  by  pricking  the  soil 
wiih  a  steel  fork  from  the  top  of  the  roots  and  clearing 
it  away,  and  then  adding  a  foot  of  good  rich  soil  ;  but 
preference  should  be  given  to  the  former  method,  as 
the  roots  find  ready  access  to  the  fresh  compost,  and 
ho ;vever  carefully  the  operation  of  removing  the  old 
soil  from  the  top  may  be  carried  out,  a  certain 
amount  of  injury  is  sure  to  be  done  to  the  roots, 
besides  they  do  not  benefit  to  the  same  extent  as  by 
the  former  method. 

Cold  Pits. 

Auriculas. — These  must  be  constantly  examinedt 
to  see  that  they  are  not  sufTeiing  from  damp  ;  alpine 
plants  being  generally  impatient  of  any  stagnation  or 
excess  of  moisture. 

Catnations  and  Pinks  should  have  all  the  de- 
cayed leaves  removed.  Embrace  the  opportunity  of 
every  sunny  breezy  day,  when  the  wind  is  not  very 
cold,  to  remove  the  sashes  wholly  from  the  foregoing, 
in  order  to  dry  up  all  superabundant  moisture  ;  the 
hardy  subjects  sustain  far  less  injury  from  a  few 
degrees  of  frost  than  from  damp.  On  dull  days,  when 
there  is  no  fog,  the  sashes  may  be  raised  above  the 
framing  altogether,  by  laying  a  piece  of  lath  at  the 
top  and  one  at  the  bottom  on  the  framing,  and  placing 
the  sashes  on  the  lop  ;  this  is  preferable  to  simply 
lifting  the  sashes  at  the  back. 

Herbaceous  Borders. 

These  should  now  be  cleared  of  dead  flower-stalks, 
which  should  not  be  cut  too  close  to  the  ground,  as 
during  the  winter  they  gather  amongst  them  fallen 
leaves,  which  afford  protection  from  frost,  as  well  as 
ward  off  heavy  rains,  especially  valuable  in  the  case  of 
Lilies.  It  is  also  a  good  time  to  transplant  her- 
baceous plants,  and  also  to  arrange  the  borders,  as  the 
hardy  bulbs  are  in  a  dormant  state,  and  less  injury  is 
done  to  the  roots.  Let  the  borders  be  well  manured 
and  trenched  previous  to  replanting.  //'.  M,  Baillie^ 
Luton  Iloo  Gardens, 


pJLAJNT3  AND  THEIR  ;pULTUI^E. 

THE  STOVE. 
\^  most  plant  stoves  a  miscellaneous  colleclion  of 
stove  plants  is  grown,  some  requiring  to  be  resting, 
others  not,  while  a  portion  may  still  be  flowering  ;  it 
then  becomes  a  difficult  mitter  to  manage  and  keep 
the  whole  in  a  healthy  state.  Clerodendrons,  Bou- 
gainvilieas,Allamandas,Ari5tolochias,  and  other  plants 
thit  are  partially  deciduous  and  ofatwining  nature  will 
take  no  harm  by  being  kept  without  water  for  several 
weeks  ;  so  may  also  Hoyas,  Combretums,  Medinillas, 
Stephanotis  be  kept  dry  for  a  time  and  it  will  not  hurt 
ihem  if  the  leaves  droop  and  get  a  little  flaccid.  If  a 
larger  number  of  plants  be  grown  than  can  be  accommo- 
dated with  good  positions  in  the  house,  the  earliest 
flowering  ones  may  be  cut  down  and  placed  in  less 
prominent  places,  when  they  will  supply  a  quantity  of 
cuttings  at  an  early  date,  then  the  old  plants  may  be 
thrown  away.  As  soon  as  the  early  bloomed  plants  are 
out  of  flower  other  plants  should  be  put  in  the  vacated 


places.  When  the  Gardenias  are  about  to  burst  their 
buds  a  little  bottom-heat  will  assist  them  in  pro- 
ducing flowers.  Gardenias  should  now  be  brought 
on  in  a  brisk  heat  of  70^  for  later  flowering,  keeping 
tha  plants  as  near  the  glass  as  possible  ;  G.  intermedia 
is  much  the  best  variety  for  general  purposes.  The 
plants  of  Eucharis  amazonica  which  were  put  into 
heat  early  last  month  should  now  be  throwing  up  a 
fine  lot  of  bloom.  A  successional  lot  of  plants  which 
have  undergone  a  moderate  rest,  if  put  in  the  forcing- 
house,  will  result  in  a  fine  show  of  bloom  at  Christmas. 
D  juvardias  of  the  single  and  double  kinds  should 
now  be  in  full  bloom  ;  keep  them  as  near  to  the 
glass  as  possible  without  actually  touching  it.  To 
have  these  to  flower  ^freely  through  the  winter  they 
must  have  a  high  temperature,  and  be  occasionally 
watered  with  manure-water.  Cactus  and  Epiphyllums 
that  made  their  growth  early  will  now  be  showing 
flowers,  and  should  be  kept  in  a  light  position  ;  they 
should  come  on  slowly.  Aphelandras  deserve  to  be 
grown  generally,  as  during  the  next  month  they  are 
the  most  showy  of  plants  ;  they  are  of  little  use  for 
cutting,  but  that  is  not  a  misfortune,  as  they  continue 
to  expand  fresh  flowers  for  many  weeks  if  the  heads 
are  left  on  the  plants.  A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill, 
Hash  mere. 


Pfjuit^    ^NDEF(    ^LA33. 


F  f  G  -  H  O  L'  S  E  S  . 
The  trees  in  these  structures  should  be  got  in 
readiness  for  forcing  without  delay,  beginning  with 
the  trees  in  the  earliest  house,  and  finishing  with 
those  in  the  latest.  In  pruning  the  trees  cut  out  as 
many  of  last  year's  shoots  as  will  make  room  for  a 
like  number  of  those  of  this  year's  growth  being 
retained  to  cover  the  wall  or  trellis  at  6  inches 
apart,  selecting,  of  course,  for  this  purpose  those 
shoots  which  are  best  furnished  with  embryo  fruits. 
Care  must  be  taken  in  washing  the  shoots  with  a  soft 
bru:=h  and  soft-soapy  water  not  to  injure  these  in 
doing  so.  The  interior  uf  the  Fig-house  should  be 
cleaned  in  the  way  recommended  for  Peach-houses, 
and  the  same  remark  applies  to  the  surface-dressing 
of  the  border.  In  many  places  the  early  crop  of  Figs 
is  secured  from  plants  grown  in  pots  plunged  in  a  bed 
of  fermenting  leaves  in  a  forcing-pit,  in  which  case 
the  surface  soil  to  the  depth  of  2  or  3  inches  should 
be  removed,  and  be  replaced  with  some  of  the  same 
description  as  that  recommended  for  top-dressing 
Peach  borders,  prior  to  plunging  the  pots,  when 
sufticient  tepid  water  to  thoroughly  moisten  the  ball 
of  earth  and  rjots  should  be  given  to  each  plant. 
Aim  at  a  night  temperature  of  from  50'^  to  55",  5"  or 
10°  higher  by  day  with  fire-heat,  and  10"  higher  by 
sun-heat.  Damp  the  trees  more  or  less,  morning  and 
afternoon,  on  bright  days.  //.  W,  JVarJ,  Loni^ford 
Castle, 


J4aRDY    'pRUIT    ^C^ARDEJ^. 

PLANTING,  AND  SOr<T3  TO  PLANT  {Continued). 

Apricots, — These  to  be  a  success  should  be  planted 
on  walls  having  a  'south  or  western  aspect,  the 
trees  being  well  protected  by  blinds,  or  some 
other  substitute,  when  in  bloom,  until  a  good  set  of 
fruit  has  been  secured,  and  the  foliage  has  grown 
sufficiently  to  shelter  the  young  fruits  ;  good  varieties 
are  Frogmore  Early,  Ilemskirk,  Large  Early,  Mjor 
Park,  Royal,  and  Sorrell's  Late. 

Cherries. — In  woodland  districts  it  is  impossible, 
without  the  protection  of  netting,  to  preserve  the  fruit 
upon  the  trees  until  thoroughly  ripe.  As  the  trees 
accommodate  themselves  to  any  situation  or  aspect, 
providing  they  are  phnted  in  a  good  soil,  they  well 
repay  some  space  on  the  cooler  aspects  of  walls, 
or  the  erection  of  a  trellis,  where  the  trees  can  be 
easily  netted  over  when  the  fruit  commences  to  change 
colour.  Fine  varieties  are  Belle  d'Orleans,  Frogmore 
Early,  Governor  Wood,  Early  Rivers,  Werder's  Early 
Black,  Kentish  Bigarreau,  Black  Eagle,  Bigarreau 
Napoleon,  Black  Circassian,  and  Moreilo. 

Currants  worth  cultivation  are.  Red  Dutch  and 
Raby  Castle ;  white  varieties,  Cutdeaved  White 
Dutch  and  Transparent  White;  black  varieties, 
Baldwin's  Black  and  Lee's  Prolific. 

Figs. — It  is  useless  to  attempt  the  cultivation  of 
these   out-of-doors   unless    in    the    raost   favourable 


aspects,  and  in  well-drained  and  naturally  warm  soil. 
The  following  varieties  are  the  best  :— Brown  Tuikey, 
Brunswick  ;  and  Broughton  Place  is  also  said  to  bs 
a  good  one  out-of-doors. 

Gooseberries. — Although  not  much  appreciated  by 
many  on  the  dessert-table,  some  of  the  large  Lan- 
cashire berries,  when  eaten  just  at  the  right  time, 
are  most  refreshing.  The  worst  part  of  this  class 
of  Gooseberries  is  that  most  of  the  bushes  of  the 
best  varieties  have  such  a  trailing  habit  of  growth, 
necessitating  their  growth  on  long  stems,  il  of  the 
bush  shape,  or  on  trellises  or  walls.  Purchasers  wish- 
ing to  grow  these  as  ordinary  bushes  would  do  well 
to  pay  a  visit  to  the  nursery,  if  not  a:quainted  with 
the  individual  varieties,  and  select  those  of  upright 
growth.  The  straggling  sorts  do  very  well  tied  to 
stakes  like  pillar  roses. 

Nectarines. — As  in  the  case  of  Peaches,  some  of 
the  varieties  are  subject  to  mildew,  and  are  also  too 
tender  for  profitable  outdoor  cultivation.  The  follow- 
ing varieties  do  well  here  : — Elruge,  Hardwick  Seed- 
ling, Violette  Ha'ive,  and  Lord  Napier  for  a  fitit 
early. 

Peaches. — A  good  selection  for  succession  :— Alex- 
ander, Early  Louise,  Eaily  Alfred,  Royal  George, 
Dymond,  Violette  Ilative,  and  Walburlon  Admirable  ; 
Violette  HaMve  and  Dymond  are  the  best  for  exten- 
sive planting. 

Plums. — Culinary  sorts  of  good  quality  are  Rivers.' 
Early  Prolific,  The  Czar,  Victoria,  Mitchelson's.B-Igian 
Purple,  Pond's  Seedling,  Diamond,  The  Farleigh 
Prolific  Damson,  Wyedale,  Belle  du  Septembre,  and 
Grand  Duke.  Dessert  : — July  Green  Gage,  l>;nnis- 
son's  Superb,  Transparent  Gage,  Green  Gage,  Jetier- 
son's,  Kirke's,  Washington,  Keine  Claude  de  Bivay, 
Ickworth  Iraperatrice,  and  Coe's  Golden  Drop.  The 
last-named  should  he  planted  extensively  on  different 
aspects.    G.  H.  Richards,  Somerlcy,  RinqwooJ, 


GLOBE  ARTICHOKES. 


For  protection  some  light  material,  such  as  bracken 
or  stiaw  litter,  should  be  placed  around  the  base  of 
the  plants,  having  first  removed  the  old  flower-stem?, 
dead  leaves,  &c. 

Cauliflowers 
in  cutting  should  be  gone  through  every  two  or  three 
days,  and  the  leaves  broken  down  over  them  as  a 
prjtection  against  light  sudden  frosts,  which  are  apt 
to  discolour  the  flowers  and  render  them  unfit  for 
use.  In  the  event  of  anything  like  a  severe  frost 
setting  in,  all  plants  showing  heads  should  be  lifted 
with  good  balls  attached  to  them,  and  planted  int  > 
deep  frames,  where  they  can  be  effectually  protected  ; 
further,  all  the  more  fully  developed  ones  fit  for  con- 
sumption can  be  cut  with  most  of  their  leaves  and 
stem  attached,  and  placed  in  a  cool  shed,  or  cellar, 
where  they  will  remain  fresh  and  fit  for  use  for  several 
weeks.  Any  that  might  possibly  become  withered  or 
flabbyshould  be  immersed  in  water  a  few  hours  prior  to 
being  used.  Young  plants  of  these  intended  for 
spring  work,  either  in  frames  or  handlights,  cannot  be 
too  much  hardened,  and  should  therefore  be  fully 
exposed,  and  have  abundance  of  air  at  all  times, 
excepting  in  frosty  weather. 

General  Work*. 

Any  contemplated  alterations  or  improvements  in 
the  shape  of  draining  or  otherwise  should  be  carried  out 
at  once  ;  all  digging  and  trenching  should  be  pushed 
on,  the  sites  for  the  principal  main  crops  of  next  sea- 
son decided  on,  and  the  ground  prepared  accordingly, 
bearing  in  mind  that,  as  a  rule,  all  roots  should  be 
grown  on  ground  deeply  dug  or  trenched,  and  which 
has  been  manured  for  the  previous  crop,  whilst  fur 
Cauliflowers,  Cabbage,  Peas,  &,c  ,  it  cannot  be  too 
heavily  manured.  In  the  frame  ground,  for  hotbedi 
and  other  purposes,  should  be  collected  a  good  heap 
of  fermenting  material,  consisting  of  leaves  and  stable 
litter  J  these,  after  being  thrown  together  and  mixed, 
can  be  occasionally  turned  over  and  thus  rendered  ready 
for  use. 

Salads. 

For  this  purpose  sow  Mustard  and  Cr^ss  in  shallow 
boxes  that  can  be  easily  moved,  continue  to  bleach 
Endive  and  Chicory,  and  keep  full  grown  Lettuces  in 
frames  dry,  with  plenty  of  air.  Any  spare  frames 
may  still  be  utilised  for  planting  late  Lettuce  and 
Endive  in.  Sow  a  few  Cucumber  seeds  in  small 
pots  in  heat,  to  raise  young  plants  for  very  early  plant- 
ing, also  another  batch  of  French  Beans. 

Potato?. 
Where  early  varieties  are  grown  in  pots  or  boxes, 
some  sets  should  be  placed  in  shallow  boxes,  lightly 
covered  with  leaf-soil,  and  placed  in  heat  to  excite 
them  to  slart  previous  to  planting,  John  Austen^ 
IVltley  Court, 


624 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  18 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Week. 

SHOWS,    &c. 

..^KTT-.A-v7  (  Sheffield    and     Hallamshire    Gar- 

MONDAY,  I       deners'      Chrysanthemum     (two 

Nov.  IS-  i       days). 

f  Putney  Chrysanthemum  (two  days). 
I   Southend  do.  (two  days). 

Wmchester  do.  (two  days). 
I   Brighton  do.  (two  days). 
Watford  do.  (two  days). 
Devizes  do.,    in    aid  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tution  (two  days). 
Teddington  do.  (two  days). 
Twickenham  do.  (two  days). 
Caterham  Chrysanthemum. 
Ascot,    Sunningdale,   and    District 

do.  (two  days). 
York  do.  (three  days). 
Bristol  do.  (two  days). 
Newport    and    County    do.    (two 

days). 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  Ire- 
land Chrysanthemura. 
Hitchin  do. 
Taunton  do. 
Chiswick  do. 

Hull  and    East   Riding    do.   (two 
days). 
^  Wimbledon  and  District  do. 
Sheffield  and  West    Riding  Chry- 
santhemura (two  days). 
■   Pudsey  Chrysanthemum. 
'   Ramsbottom  Floral  Society. 
!   Kettering  Chrysanthemum. 

SALES. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens' 

Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and  3000  Lilium 

auratum    Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 


TUESDAY, 
Nov.  16. 


WEDNESDAY, 
Nov.  17. 


THURSDAY, 
Nov.  18. 


FRIDAY, 
Nov.  19. 

SATURDAY, 
Nov.  ao. 


MONDAY, 
Nov.  15. 


TUESDAY, 
Nov.  16. 


WEDNESDAY, 
Nov.  17. 


THURSDAY, 
Nov.  18. 


FRIDAY, 
Nov.  19. 


Mo 


s'  Ro 


Sale  of  Nursery!  Stock,  at  Priggs' 
Nursery,  Lewisham,  by  Protheroe 
&  Morri.=. 
C  Sale  of  Bulbs,  Roses,  &c.,  at  the 
City  Auction  Rooms,  Grace- 
church  Street,  E.  C. ,  by  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris. 

Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  Cooper's 
Hill    Nursery,     Brox,    Cherlsey, 
by  Protheroe  &  Morris, 
j   Sale  of  Nursery  Stock,  at  Pennett's 
'       Nursery,    Tottenham,    by    Pro- 
theroe &  Morris. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  Fruit 
Trees,  and  Border  Plants,  at 
Stevens'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Plants,  at  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Greenhouse  Plants,  at  the 
Nursery,  Harold's  Wood,  by 
Protheroe  &  Morris. 

Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower  and 
5000  Lilium  auratum  from  Japan, 
at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Fruit  Trees,  Plants,  and 
Stock,  at  Laxton's  Nursery,  Girt- 
ford,  Sandy,  Beds,  by  Protheroe 
&  Morris. 

Sale  of  Imported  and  Established 
Orchids,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Rooms. 

Clearance  Sale  of  Plants,  &c.,  and 
Sale  of  the  Lease,  at  Chester- 
man's  Nursery,  The  Mead, 
Child's  Hill,  N.W.,  by  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris, 
'  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  Fruit 
Trees,  and  Border  Plaits,  at 
Stevens'  Rooms. 


Horticulture      THE  close  of  the   Colotiial   and 
"1'??,'-?'°"''^   Indian      Exhibition,    the     most 

Extubilion.  ,,  ,  c 

generally  popular  of  a  series 
in  which  all  have  been  more  or  less  suc- 
cessful, suggests  some  thoughts  as  to  the 
relation  of  horticulture  in  general,  and  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  in  particular,  to 
these  exhibitions.  The  first  of  the  series — the 
Fisheries — had  little  direct  relation  to  horticul- 
ture. The  all-comprehensive  Health  Exhibition 
was  more  nearly  concerned  with  our  art,  and 
from  an  educational  point  of  view  was  probably 
the  most  important  of  the  series.  The  Inven- 
tions Exhibition  contributed  but  little  to 
horticultural  science  or  practice,  or,  to  put  it  in 
the  reverse  way,  horticulture  contributed  com- 
paratively little  to  it.     The  Colonial  Exhibition 


was  different.  In  that  the  practical  relation  of 
cultural  arts  and  cultural  science  was  more 
marked.  No  one  can  have  visited  the  magnifi- 
cent exhibits  made  by  Canada,  by  India, 
and  the  various  colonies  without  being  im- 
pressed by  the  vastness  of  the  interests  with 
which  horticulture,  in  a  broad  sense,  has 
to  do.  The  splendid  series  of  timbers  from  all 
the  colonies,  the  magnificent  displays  of  cereals, 
of  fruit,  of  food-products,  of  substances  used  in 
medicine  and  the  arts,  must  have  impressed 
the  dullest  with  the  importance  of  the  practical 
application  of  botanical  science.  The  welfare 
of  the  home  country,  the  prosperity  of  the 
dependencies,  was  shown  in  the  most  conclu- 
sive manner  possible  to  be  bound  up  with  the 
progress  of  botanical  science  and  its  applica- 
tions. Even  from  the  point  of  view  of  decora- 
tive horticulture — the  most  showy  and  the 
most  popular,  though  intrinsically  the  least 
important  of  all — the  show  now  closed  has 
been  most  remarkable.  Week  after  week  the 
finest  products  of  horticultural  skill,  the 
most  remarkable  examples  of  horticultural 
enterprise,  have  been  put  before  the  public. 

We  need  not  stay  to  mention  in  detail  the 
persistent  efforts  of  such  men  as  Messrs. 
Ware  and  Barr,  or  the  intermittent  exertions 
of  those  who  have  contributed  so  much  to  the 
success  of  the  fortnightly  displays.  Nor  need 
we  do  more  than  mention  the  suggestive  exhibits 
made  from  time  to  time  by  the  various  colonies. 
These  have  told  their  own  tale.  From  the 
standpoint  of  pure  science,  again,  much,  very 
much  has  been  done.  To  give  one  illustration 
only,  we  may  allude  to  the  geographical  exhibits 
of  the  several  courts — New  Zealand,  the  Austra- 
lian, and  South  African  Colonies.  In  the  con- 
servatories attached  to  these  colonies  most 
instructive  lessons  in  botanical  geography  have 
been  offered  to  those  who  would  or  could  take 
advantage  of  them.  For  many  years  this  phase 
of  the  matter  has  been  dealt  with  at  Kew,  and 
if,  so  far,  we  have  not  had  a  special 
geographical  exhibit,  such  as  that  carried 
out  with  so  much  success  at  Copenhagen 
by  Mr.  Hansen,  we  have  at  least  had 
this  year  an  exhibition  which  more  than 
any  other  has  shown  the  resources  of  our  Colo- 
nies in  the  way  of  practical  and  decorative 
horticulture,  an  exhibition  such  as  the  world 
has  never  before  seen. 

The^Royal  Horticultural  Society,  the  acknow- 
ledged representative  of  horticulture  in  this 
country,  has,  no  doubt,  done  much,  but  we  cannot 
say  that  it  has  risen  to  the  level  of  the  magni- 
ficent opportunities  afforded  to  it.  The  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  undertook  the  preser- 
vation at  Chiswick  last  winter  of  many  of  the 
plants  exhibited.  It  had  a  large  share  in  the 
arrangement  of  those  courts  which  formed  such 
delightful  oases  in  the  midst  of  the  "  dry  goods 
stores,"  and  specially  it  had  the  superintendence 
of  that  series  of  fortnightly  exhibitions  which 
most  assuredly  contributed  so  much  to  the 
enjoyment  and  instruction  of  the  visitors.  Our 
readers  will  know  and  will  appreciate  this,  but 
the  general  public  knows  little  of,  and  probably 
cares  less  for,  the  part  played  by  the  represen- 
tative Society. 

Here  it  is  that  the  deficiencies  of  the  Society 
become  most  apparent.  With  splendid  oppor- 
tunities it  has  done  comparatively  little  to 
impress  upon  the  public  the  vast  importance  of 
botanical  science  and  its  applications.  Surely 
this  Exhibition  afforded  an  opportunity  of 
demonstrating  and  driving  home  to  public 
intelligence  the  enormous  influence  of  horti- 
culture, taken  in  its  broadest  sense,  as  a  factor 
in  the  prosperity  and  welfare  of  nations.  Those 
who  know  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case 
will  be  the  last  to  blame  the  Society,  but  they 
will  necessarily  be  those  who  will  the  most 
regret  its  inability  to  thrust  horticulture  pro- 
minently before  the  public  and  show  it  in  its 
true  position  as  one  of  the  very  foremost  factors 


in  developing  the  wealth  and  the  physical  and 
material  welfare  of  the  people.  The  show  as  a 
show  left  little  or  nothing  to  be  desired  from 
this  point  of  view,  the  deficiency  becomes 
apparent  when  we  see  how  little  was  done  to 
utilise  the  lessons  afforded  by  the  show.  We 
learn  much,  very  much,  by  the  eye,  but  the 
eye  requires  training,  and  the  intelligence 
requires  to  be  awakened,  so  that  the  lessons  put 
before  the  eye  may  be  turned  to  good  account. 
We  cannot  say  that  this  has  been  done.  Even 
the  lectures  and  conferences  which  were  held 
had  comparatively  little  reference  to  the  varied 
and  multiform  influences  of  plant  culture,  and 
of  the  knowledge  of  plants. 

It  was  a  great  show  truly,  but  the  showmen 
were  neither  numerous  nor  impressive.  The 
literature  of  the  Exhibition,  excellent  as  it  was  in 
many  ways,  was  defective  from  the  point  of 
view  of  horticulture.  There  has  been  no 
general  statement  of  the  principles  of  culture  as 
affected  by  diversities  of  climate  and  controlled 
by  special  requirements ;  there  has  not  been  any 
general  survey  of  the  vast  resources  derived 
from  the  vegetable  kingdom — such  a  survey  as 
would  naturally  come  within  the  purview  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  We  should  not 
have  alluded  to  this  matter  were  it  not  for  the 
possibility  that  a  portion  at  least  of  the  present 
Exhibition  will  be  continued  next  year.  The 
feeling  that  a  Colonial  Institute  of  some  kind 
should  be  the  natural  outcome  of  this  Exhi- 
bition is,  we  believe,  general.  No  one  knows 
for  certain,  we  believe,  whether  such  an  Institute 
will  really  take  shape ;  no  one  knows  for 
certain  where,  if  at  all,  it  will  find  a  home;  still 
less  can  any  one  forecast  the  future  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  ;  but  whatever  be 
its  fate,  wherever  its  lot  may  be  cast,  it  is,  to 
our  thinking,  all-important  that  the  vast  im- 
portance of  practical  and  scientific  horticulture 
should  be  brought  to  the  front.  When  we 
consider  how  vast  are  the  interests  concerned — 
nothing  less  than  the  supply  of  the  largest  share 
in  the  food,  clothing,  residence,  and  enjoyment 
of  the  human  race  in  all  climates  and  in  all 
stages  of  civilisation — we  must  admit  that  the 
part  at  present  taken  in  this  vast  work  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and  by  its  sister 
societies,  is  pitiful  indeed.  May  the  lessons  of 
the  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition  be  taken 
deeply  to  heart  for  the  profit  and  advantage  of 
the  people. 


The  "  Gartenflora." — We  are  informed 

that  this  journal,  so  long  edited  by  Dr.  Regel,  and 
lately  by  Professor  Engler  and  Herr  Stein,  of 
Breslau,  is  to  become  the  organ  of  the  Verein  zur 
Belorderung  des  Gartenbaues  in  d.  K,  Preussichen 
Staaten,  and  will  be  incorporated  with  the  Deutsche 
GarUn  Zeitung,  under  the  editorship  of  Professor 
WiTTMACK.  Drs.  Regel  and  Engler  will  still 
render  assistance  as  contributors. 

Chrysanthemums  at  Beechwood  Park, 

Hertfordshire.  —  Mr.  Greenfield  has  again 
kindly  consented  to  show  his  Chrysanthemums  to  the 
public  during  [the  ensuing  week — 15th  to  the  20th, 
The  collection  consists  of  the  most  beautiful  varieties. 
Between  500  and  600  plants  are  grown,  including  a 
good  number  that  are  trained,  which  add  very  much 
to  the  interest  in  the  collection. 

-  Pigeon  Post.  — M.  Ernest  Bergmann 
narrates  that  M.  Hooibrenk,  of  Hietzing  near 
Vienna,  makes  pigeons  answer  the  purpose  of  the 
telegraph  or  telephone.  Every  morning  the  birds 
are  taken  from  the  suburban  nursery  into  Vienna  and 
if  in  the  course  of  the  day  a  demand  arises  for  cut 
flowers  or  plants  from  the  nursery,  the  pigeons  are 
despatched  with  the  message  from  the  town.  What 
a  pity  the  pigeons  cannot  take  back  the  plants  too  ? 

The  Austrian  School  of  Horticul- 
ture.—M.  Ernest  Bergmann  contributes  to  the 
Journal  de  la  Societe  Nattonah  (V Horticulture  an 
account  of  the  Austrian  Horticultural  Society  of 
Vienna.     The  most   interesting   part   of  M.    Berg" 


X 

u 

Q 
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November  13,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


625 


mann's  account  is  that  which  relates  to  the  School 
of  Horticulture  established  by  the  Viennese  Society. 
The  Society  selects  the  Professors,  and  directs  the 
course  of  education.  The  lectures  go  on  from 
October  to  the  end  of  February.  They  are  entirely 
gratuitous,  and  are  given  in  the  evening,  so  that 
young  gardeners  may  attend  them.  Eighteen  hours 
weekly  are  allotted  to  the  lectures.  The  subjects 
taught  include  general  horticulture,  fruit  culture, 
drawing,  landscape  gardening,  mathematics,  botany, 
entomology,  natural  history,  book-keeping,  German. 
At  the  end  of  the  season  an  examination  is  held,  and 
certificates  are  awarded  to  the  most  praiseworthy 
students.  The  1st  prizes  consist  of  a  travelling 
allowance  of  375  francs,  so  that  the  pupil  may  have 
the  opportunity  to  learn  something  of  foreign  practice. 

"Botanical  Magazine."— The  November 

number  contains  coloured  flowers  of  the  following 
species : — 

Slreptocarpus  Dunnii,  Hook,  f.,  t.  6903. — This 
is  the  truly  extraordinary  and  by  no  means  unat- 
tractive plant  which  we  have  had  occasion  to  men- 
tion on  several  occasions,  though  we  must  take  the 
opportunity  of  saying  that  the  attribution  of  the  species 
to  Dr.  Masters  is  an  error.  The  notice  of  the 
plant  was  sent  to  us  by  a  correspondent,  and  was  not 
drawn  up  according  to  botanical  canon,  hence  neither 
our  correspondent  nor  ourselves  can  claim  the  spon- 
sorship of  the  plant,  which  is  described  iecundttm 
aiiem,  and  for  the  6rst  time,  by  Sir  Joseph  HooKlR. 
The  present  plant,  like  some  of  its  congeners,  pro- 
duces one  leaf  only,  but  this  of  a  length  of  36  inches 
in  extreme  cases,  coarsely  toothed  and  builate  like  a 
Savoy  Cabbage.  By  the  side  of  this  horizontally 
spreading  leaf  uprises  an  erect  panicle  of  very  numer- 
ous dull  pink  flowers,  each  about  i\  inch  long,  with 
long,  curved,  funnel-shaped  tube,  and  a  short,  5-lobed 
limb  with  rounded  lobes.  The  plant  is  a  native  of 
the  mountains  of  the  Transvaal,  and  may  be  seen  in 
the  Succulent-house  at  Kew,  forming  an  edging  to 
the  quaint  Cacti  and  Euphorbias  with  which  it  is 
associated  in  its  native  country.  We  repeat  that  this 
is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  plants  that  have  ever 
been  Bgured  in  that  repertory  of  wonders  and  beauties, 
the  Botanical  AJa^azine. 

Aaralas  acantlwcraUr,  t.  6904.  —  One  of  the 
"nested"  Bromeliads,  with  broad,  oblong,  obtuse, 
toothed  leaves,  the  innermost  of  which  are  coloured 
purple. 

Achillea  rufeslris,  t.  6905.  — A  very  rare  Calabrian 
species,  allied  to  A.  Ftarmica.  It  forms  an. attrac- 
tive rock  plant,  and  flowered  on  the  rockery  at  Kew, 
in  May,  1886. 

Tillandsia  chrysostachys,  t.  6906. — A  curious  Bro- 
meliad  ;  native  of  the  Andes  of  Peru.  It  has  tufted 
leaves,  which  are  oblong,  strap-shaped,  acute,  spine- 
less, and  flowers  in  long-stalked  closely- packed  spikes, 
densely  covered  with  overlapping  yellow  bracts,  like 
the  strands  of  some  coarsely  plaited  rope. 

Brodiixa  Dou^lasii,  t.  6907. — A  pretty  species,  with 
long  linear  leaves,  and  scapes  bearing  an  umbel  of 
numerous  violet  funnel-shaped  flowers. 

Stocks  for  Apples.  —  Mr.  W.  Morgan, 

Pukehohe,  East  Auckland,  New  Zealand,  writes  :  — 
"  How  is  it  that  nurserymen  in  Great  Britain  do  not 
adopt  blight-proof  varieties  of  Apples  for  stocks,  and 
thus  effectually  prevent  Apple  trees  from  being  blighted 
at  the  roots  ?  In  this  colony  of  New  Zealand,  the 
Winter  Majetin  and  Northern  Spy  are  now  generally 
used  as  stocks,  both  for  grafting  and  budding,  the 
latter  being  the  common  mode  of  working  Apples. 
These  two  varieties  are  not  subject  to  attacks  of  the 
woolly  aphis,  and  both  being  robust  growers,  they 
make  excellent  stocks,  though  their  manner  of  growth 
is  very  distinct.  The  Majetin  throws  out  roots,  which 
extend  a  great  length  from  the  tree,  while  the  roots 
of  the  Spy  are  one  mass  of  rootlets  and  small  fibres. 
Of  course  the  Spy  is  found  to  be  the  best  for  dwarf 
trees,  though  some  nurserymen  prefer  it  to  the 
Mijetin  for  all  kinds  of  Apple  trees,  and  use  it 
exclusively.  Stocks  are  raised  with  very  little  trouble 
indeed,  simply  by  planting  bits  of  roots  in  a  similar 
manner  to  raising  white  Thorns.  When  the  roots  have 
struck  and  young  plants  are  about  6  inches  high,  they 
are  earthed  up,  the  shoots  sending  out  rootlets,  and 
growing  vigorously  if  the  land  is  rich.  Some  of  these 
would  be  fit  to  bud  the  following  summer  ;  but  gene- 
rally they  are  planted  out  when  a  year  old,  and  then 
they  make  excellent  stocks  either  for  budding  or 
grafting.     In  using  these  stocks  the  great  advantage 


is  that  the  bottoms  and  roots  of  the  trees  worked 
upon  them  remain  free  from  the  aphis.  And  it  is 
not  a  difficult  matter  to  keep  the  tops  clean  so  long 
as  the  roots  are  not  affected.  Years  ago,  before  the 
introduction  of  these  blight-proof  varieties,  so  bad 
was  the  woolly  aphis  in  many  districts,  that  Apple 
growers  almost  gave  up  in  despair ;  but  now  the 
extent  of  Apple  plantations  is  very  great,  and  plant- 
ing is  still  going  on.  I  may  state  that  it  was  a 
source  of  great  disappointment  that  so  many  of  the 
Apples  sent  from  here  for  the  Colonial  and  Indian 
Exhibition  went  bad  ;  but  this  was  owing  to  the 
bungling  arrangements  made  by  the  Government  with 
the  direct  steamer,  no  cool  chamber  having  been 
provided  for  the  fruit.  A  good  opportunity  was  thus 
lost  of  displaying  magnificent  samples  of  Apples,  such 
as  can  be  produced  here,  both  climate  and  soil  being 
highly  favourable  to  their  growth  and  colouring." 

Dipteracanthus  affinis.  — We  are  in- 
debted to  Mr.  John  Crook,  of  the  gardens  at  Farn- 
borough  Grange,  for  a  specimen  of  this  beautiful  but 
little  known  plant.  The  plant  is  a  stove  shrub,  with 
lanceolate  leaves  and  irregularly  funnel-shaped  orange- 
red  flowers  about  2  inches  long.  Mr.  Crook  grows 
it  on  the  roof  of  the  stove.  As  we  hope  to  be  able  to 
give  a  figure  of  it  shortly,  we  need  say  no  more  on 
this  occasion  ;  but  we  may  express  our  wonder  and 
regret  that  the  numerous  fine  winter  flowering 
Acanthads  have  not  found  more  favour  with  culti- 
vators. Several  of  them  were  in  past  years  grown  in 
the  Palm  stove  at  Kew,  where  they  formed  a  special 
feature. 

Linnean  Society  of  London. — A  meet- 
ing will  be  held  on  Thursday,  November  18,  at  8  P.M., 
when  papers  will  be  read  on — I.  "  Floral  Conforma- 
tion of  Cypripedium,"  by  Dr.  Maxwell  Masters  ; 
2.  "  Recent  Ephemeridse,  part  v.,"  by  Rev.  A. 
Eaton  ;  3.  "  Further  Contributions  to  the  Flora  o( 
Madagascar,"  by  J.  G.  Baker;  and  4.  "Supposed 
Precedence  of  Hivas  in  genus  Conus,"  by  S.  Hanley. 

The  Cracking  of  Pears.— This  unsightly 

deformity  is  due  to  the  presence  of  a  fungus, 
Fusisporium  pyrinum.  M.  PrillieuX  records  that 
this  disease  may  be  cured  by  the  use  of  a  solution  of 
sulphate  of  copper.  One  kilogramme  of  sulphate  of 
copper  is  dissolved  in  12  litres  of  water,  to  which  are 
added  a  mixture  of  2  kilogrammes  of  lime  in  4  litres 
of  water.  The  mixture  is  turbid  and  of  a  bluish 
colour,  and  is  used  by  means  of  a  small  sprinkling 
brush  made  of  ling,  or  more  elaborate  spray  appa- 
ratus may  be  employed.  The  same  mixture  is  very 
efficacious  for  the  Vine  mildew  (Peronospora),  and 
should  be  tried  for  the  Potato  and  Tomato  disease. 

OODEYPORE.  —  Mr.    T.    H.    Storey,    the 

Superintendent  of  the  Gardens  of  the  Maharana  of 
OoDEYPORE,  forwards  us  a  copy  of  his  annual  report. 
Oodeypore  is  the  only  station  in  Rajpootana,  and 
one  of  the  very  few  places  in  the  native  states  where 
the  garden  establishment  is  directed  by  a  professional 
gardener.  Mr.  Storey,  we  believe,  was  trained  in 
the  Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden.  The  following  ex- 
tract will  sufiice  to  show  the  different  conditions 
under  which  gardeners  in  India  have  to  work  from 
what  obtain  here  : — 

"  Flying  Foxes. 
"  There  has  been  a  colony  of  flying  foxes,  which  had 
taken  up  their  quarters  here  for  the  past  fifty  years,  and 
were  quite  a  nuisance.  They  seemed  to  keep  up  all  day 
a  horrible  screaming  noise.  They  were  hanging  on  to 
large  Ficus,  Mango,  and  other  trees.  There  were  also 
many  swarms  of  bees,  and  the  foxes  had  a  very  poor 
time  of  it.  The  bees  appeared  to  hate  them,  and 
used  to  chase  tliem  all  round  the  place.  The 
trees  were  quite  leafless,  and  to  all  appearance  half 
dead.  On  His  Highness  coming  one  morning  this 
way,  I  took  the  opportunity  of  speaking  to  him 
about  them.  He  told  me,  if  possible,  to  have 
them  hunted  away,  an  undertaking  which,  I  am  happy 
to  say,  was  successful.  I  collected  all  my  men 
and  boys,  gave  them  old  tin  pots,  tom-toras,  &c.,  and 
made  them  get  up  on  the  trees  to  the  very  top.  When 
they  began  beating  their  tins,  the  whole  of  the  foxes 
got  on  the  wing,  and  kept  them  so  for  a  few  hours, 
when  a  few  of  them  took  the  lead,  and  the  whole  flock 
went  off  three  or  four  miles  away.  I  expected  them 
back  in  the  morning,  and  I  was  not  much  disappointed, 
for  they  were  returning  to  their  old  place  from 
their  night's  feed  ;  they  must  have  been  disgusted  at 
seeing  the  men  stiU  perched  in  thek  quarters.     The  men 


went  up  the  trees  at  3  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  did 
not  allow  them  to  alight,  so  off  they  went,  and  have  not 
returned.  The  trees  they  were  on  are  now  covered  with 
leaves  and  looking  well." 

EucHARls  A.MAZONICA.— We  often  hear  from 

correspondents  of  losses  from  disease  and  of  weakness 
consequent  on  it,  the  maladies  being  various,  and 
attacking  at  one  time  the  foliage,  at  others  the  bulbs. 
One  of  the  best  modes  of  culture  is  that  of  planting 
in  well-prepared  beds  or  borders,  enjoying  the  warmth 
from  hot-water  pipes  either  above  or  underneath  the 
soil.  As  an  example  of  this  method,  Mr.  E.  Ward, 
gardener  at  Hewell  Gardens,  Bromsgrove,  sends  us 
some  foliage  and  flowers  of  enormous  development, 
and  of  the  utmost  vigour.  When  plants  can  be  kept 
in  such  a  condition  as  are  these,  there  can  be  small 
chance  of  the  ingress  of  disease.  Bulbs  so  planted  out 
admit  of  being  rested  in  the  same  manner  as  those  in 
pots. 

Pitcher   Plants   at  Messrs  Veitch    & 

Sons. — It  is  hardly  possible  to  see  a  finer  collection  of 
the  various  Nepenthes  than  can  now  be  witnessed  at 
this  nursery,  the  house  in  which  they  are  grown  being 
literally  crammed  with  pitchers  in  all  stages  of  growth 
and  size — from  midgets  the  size  of  thimbles  to  others 
having  the  capacity  of  a  pint-pot.  Some  of  the  more 
striking  are  Rajah,  Northiana,  Mastersii — of  this  last 
there  is  a  long  row  of  plants  carrying  a  great  number 
of  high-coloused  pitchers  ;  Rafflesiana,  and  Dominy's 
Intermedia. 

Gardening  Appointments. — Mr.  C.  Ford, 

late  of  Thornton  Manor,  has  been  appointed  as  Head 
Gardener  to  Mrs.  Charles  Hazlehuret,  Halton 
Grange,  Runcorn.— Mr.  Joseph  Humphreys,  late 
Foreman  at  Woolton  Wood,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  J.  Kershaw,  Esq.,  The  Mount, 
Sedgley  Park,  Prestwitch. 


Itotius  of  gcoks. 

Chrysanthemums  and  their  Culture.  E.  Moly- 
neux.     (London:   171,  Fleet  Street.) 

This  little  book  on  the  best  of  our  autumn  flowers, 
by  one  of  our  foremost  growers,  is  worthy  the  atten- 
tion of  all  those  who  would  excel  in  the  exhibition 
tent,  or  as  growers  of  the  flower  for  domestic  use.  The 
directions,  of  all  kinds  are  very  full  we  had  almost 
written,  too  full — for  out  of  the  abundance  of  his 
knowledge  the  writer  is  apt  at  times  to  say  so 
much  and  to  give  more  than  the  proverbial  three 
courses  (  so  that  the  tyro  would  be  in  difficulty  as  to 
the  best  to  follow.  As  a  true  practical  cultivator 
above  all  things  he  begins  at  the  beginning,  by 
initiating  the  reader  into  the  secrets  of  propagation, 
and  does  not  attempt  to  write  up  the  history  of  the 
plant.  By  easy  stages  the  subject  is  led  up  to  the 
cultivation  of  plants  and  flowers  for  exhibition 
primarily,  and  for  the  decoration  of  the  conservatory 
and  greenhouse,  various  woodcuts  being  employed  to 
make  clear  the  writer's  meaning.  The,  to  many 
gardeners,  mysterious  art  of  disbudding  receives 
ample  attention,  diagrams  of  disbudded  shoots  being 
added  for  fuller  explanation. 

The  lists  furnished  of  varieties  for  walls,  borders, 
for  supplying  plants  and  blooms  for  market,  the 
heights  of  varieties,  summer  blooming  varieties,  summer 
treatment  and  autumn  treatment,  are  all  fully  and  well 
treated. 

And  we  need  scarcely  say  that  all  matters  pertain- 
ing to  exhibiting  the  flower  are  quite  as  fully  expatiated 
on,  affording  the  ingenuous  reader  the  idea  that,  after 
all  the  labour  spent  in  cultivating  the  flower.  Nature  at 
last  requires  a  large  amount  of  assistance  before  its 
toilette  can  be  considered  perfect,  and  the  flower  is 
fit  to  take  its  place  on  the  exhibition-table. 

We  think  the  author  is  guilty  of  dogmatising  some- 
what in  the  little  chapter  on  the  leaves  of  the  plant,  in 
stating  that  many  kinds  can  be  determined  by  the 
leaf.  That  such  can  be  done  by  an  expert  who  has 
the  means  for  comparison  may  be  true,  but  that  this 
can  be  done  by  any  one  with  the  thousand  and  one 
sorts  now  in  the  field  is  matter  of  much  doubt.  Soil, 
the  sorts  of  manures  used,  the  age  of  the  leaf,  and 
its  position  on  the  plant,  all  exercise  a  modifying 
influence  on  its  form  and  colour. 

The  chapter,  "  Waiting  for  the  Verdict,"  is  a 
blemish,  and  should  be  left  out  of  the  next  edition. 


626 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  1S86. 


now    DO    BULBS    DESCEND 
INTO     THE     SOIL? 

In  Mr.  G.  Maw's  new  monograph  of  the  genu3 
Crocus,  p.  iS,  fig.  II,  there  is  a  diagram  showing 
the  way  in  which  young  Crocus  bulbs  descend  into  the 
soil,  year  alter  year,  until  they  reach  a  convenient 
depth.  The  author  says:— "The  process  of  the 
descent  of  the  corm  from  near  the  surface  to  the 
necessary  depth  is  dillicult  of  explanation,  and  must 
be  viewed  as  one  of  the  self-protective  phenomena  in 
plant-life,  the  modus  operandi  o(  which  we  do  not 
understand."  Another  phenomenon  described  in  the 
same  chapter,  p.  17,  and  illustrated  on  plales  A  and 
C,  is  the  ephemci'Al  root,  always  present  in  the 
young  seedling,  and  occasionally  reproduced  in  after 
years,  to  which  Mr.  Maw  does  not  assign  any  special 
function. 

This  ephemeral  root,  which  is  almost  like  a  soft, 
spongy,  semi-transparent  elongation  of  the  bulb,  but 
pinched  in  at  the  point  of  juncture  with  its  base, 
is  not  peculiar  to  the  Crocus,  but  occurs  in  other 
bulbs,  especially  in  seedlings  of  the  genus  Scilla.  I 
fancy  I  have  noticed  it  to  be  formed  more  frequently 
in  old  Crocus  bulbs,  when  they  have  been  brought 
near  the  surface  in  the  process  of  digging  a  bed  ;  and 
I  have  always  thought,  rightly  or  wrongly,  that  it  was 
an  elTort  of  Nature  on  the  part  of  the  bulb,  not  always 
successful,  to  descend  to  a  greater  depth.  Last 
spring  observing  a  pan  of  Narcissus  corbularia 
var.  Clusii,  which  had  been  planted  very  shallow, 
to  be  prematurely  withering,  I  examined  the 
bulbs,  and  found  that  two  or  three  of  them  had 
formed  new  bulbs  beneath,  but  quite  detached 
from,  the  old  ones,  and  connected  with  them  by 
what  seemed  to  be  a  shrivelled  ephemeral  root, 
about  half  an  inch  long,  which  had  apparently  acted 
as  a  sort  of  umbilical  cord  to  convey  the  nourishment 
from  the  leaves  through  the  eld  bulb  to  the  new  bulb 
which  had  formed  at  its  base.  Had  I  known  that 
the  process  by  which  new  bulbs  are  formed  at  a 
distance  beneath  the  old  ones  was  not  well  under- 
stood I  would  have  investigated  it  long  ago,  and  hope 
to  do  so  now  next  season  ;  bat  I  call  attention  to  it 
here,  hoping  that  others  who  are  better  able  to  make 
scientific  observations  in  botany  may  investigate  it. 
My  suggestion  is  that  the  ephemeral  root  may  act  as 
a  sort  of  vertically  descending  stolon,  producing  a 
new  bulb  not  quite  in  the  same  way  as  the  lateral 
stolons  of  C.  nudiflorus  and  C.  lazicus,  but  forming 
its  central  axis  within  the  thickened  roo\  I  find 
Crocus  seedlings  such  a  nuisance  in  my  borders  that  I 
always  have  the  seed-pods  pulled  olithe  bulbs  in  Tune 
so  I  cannot  examine  Crocus  seedlings  as  I  should  like 
to  do  ;  but  as  regards  the  change  of  depth  in  successive 
years  in  the  bulbs  of  Scilla  nutans,  which  is  probably 
analogous,  I  have  often  observed  the  fact  whilst 
planting  trees  in  my  woods  in  winter.  The  smallest 
bulbs,  which  I  take  to  be  the  produce  of  the  seed 
shed  eighteen  months  before,  in  the  July  of  the  pre- 
vious year,  are  at  a  depth  of  i  or  2  inches,  and  the 
size  of  a  small  Pea  ;  the  two-year-olds  are  at  an 
average  depth  of  4  inches,  and  at  least  70  per  cent, 
of  them  are  curiously  elongated,  being  chree  times  as 
long  as  broad.  Those  three  and  four  years  old^for 
I  think  some  rest  contented  with  the  depth  reached 
in  the  third  season's  growth,  and  some  take  another 
dive  in  their  fourth  season — are  6  or  7  inches  deep. 
Thus  the  crown  of  the  new  bulb  is,  on  an  average 
li  inch  below  the  base  of  the  old  one  and  I  feel  no 
doubt  that  it  is  formed  where  it  is  found.  Indeed, 
on  no  reasonable  theory  could  it  be  otherwise.  I 
enclose  specimens  of  bulbs,  one,  two,  three,  or  more 
years  old,  with  a  rough  outline  of  the  depth  at  which 
they  respectively  occur.  C.  Wolky  Dod,  Edge  Hall, 
Malpas,  November  6. 

[In  order  to  illustrate  this  communication,  we 
append  two  illustrations  in  Crocus  (figs.  123,  124, 
p.  628).  The  new  bulbs,  as  may  be  seen  in  Tulips, 
are  formed  in  a  little  cavity  at  the  base  of  the  inner 
surface  of  a  scale  or  leaf.  The  base  of  this  leaf- 
scale,  with  the  enclosed  bulblet,  grows  in  a  downward 
direction  so  that  ultimately  a  tube  is  formed  something 
like  the  spur  of  a  Tropreolum  but  with  the  bulblet  at 
the  bottom.  How  the  leaf  grows  in  this  fashion  is, 
we  believe,  not  known— why  it  does  so  is  probably 
to  protect  the  bulb  from  frost  or  marauding  enemies. 
The  so-called  "  ephemeral  "  root  is  met  with  in  many 
bulbs.  It  probably  acts  as  a  special  and  accessory 
storage  place  for  nutriment,  which  is  used  up  as  the 
bulb  grows.  We  do  not  think  the  ephemeral  root 
ever  has  a  bulb  at  the  end  of  it  as  Mr.  Wolley  Dod, 
if  we  understand  him  aright,  seems  to  think,  and  the 
structure  of  this  root  and  of  the  descending  leaf-tube 
is  different.  Ed.] 


^GOTLAND. 


AN  F.XTKAORDINARY  ARDISIA. 
There  is  growing  at  the  present  lime  in  the  Edin- 
bur;ih  Botanic  Clarden  Ardisia  primulx'folin,  the 
most  extraordinary  species  of  the  family  wiih  which 
I  am  acquainted.  It  is  almost  stemless  ;  its  five  or 
six  leaves,  4  to  6  inches  long  by  i  j  to  2  inches  broad 
in  the  individual  before  us,  being  supported  on  a  stem 
barely  two  inches  high,  and  overlapping  the  sides  oi 
the  5  inch  pot  in  which  it  was  growing,  very  much  in 
the  way  of  many  Primula?.  S'.anding  clear  above 
the  foliage  on  stout  stems  were  two  fine  clusters  of 
bright  shining  scarlet  berries  of  an  oval  shape,  and 
very  ornamental.  As  it  is,  it  would  be  an  acqusiiion 
to  the  list  of  ornamental  berried  plants  for  winter 
decoration,  its  dwarf  habit  rendering  it  suitable  fjr 
positions  for  which  we  have  nothing  of  the  kind  at 
present, 

Parochetus  communis. 

This  interesting  and  pretty  plant  is  turned  to 
excellent  account  by  Mr.  Lindsay  as  an  ornament  in 
hanging  baskets  in  the  greenhouse.  Treated  in  this 
way  it  grows  more  freely  than  when  planted  on  the 
rockwork,  or  in  pots,  as  it  usually  is  done,  and  stock 
is  therefore  more  easily  kept  up,  which  was  the 
object  Mr.  Lindsay  had  chiefly  in  view  in  resorting  to 
this  method.  But  he  is  very  pleased  also  with  its 
ornamental  effect,  and  intends  to  continue  and  extend 
its  use  as  a  basket  plant. 

Restio  subverticillatus. 
The  elegance  of  this  distinct  plant  should  commend 
it  for  the  cool  conservatory.  It  is  rarely  seen, 
perhaps  hardly  known,  Jn  private  gardens,  but  we  are 
certain  that  if  its  striking  effect  as  an  elegant  decoia- 
tive  plant  were  better  known,  it  would  be  in  demand 
for  the  decoration  of  the  cool  house.  The  plant  is, 
roughly  speaking,  a  shrubby  Sedge,  and  belongs  to  a 
small  order  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  closely  allied 
to  the  Cyperacere.  Its  characteristics  are  most 
effectively  seen  in  large  specimens.  .V. 


THE    DRY    ROT    FUNGUS. 
Merulius  lachrymans  (fig.  125), 

The  dry  rot  fungus  is  one  of  the  most  widespread 
and  destructive  of  all  fungi.  It  is  especially  common 
and  well  known  on  the  squared  timber  of  ill-ventilated 
buildings,  and  from  dressed  wood  it  will  quickly 
spread  to  walls,  whether  built  of  stone,  brick,  or  con- 
crete ;  it  will  olten  grow  through  the  mortar  of  a  thick 
wall,  and  perfect  itself  on  the  bricks  both  outside  and 
inside.  We  have  seen  it  growing  on  damp  concrete 
between  the  girders  of  iron  fire-proof  floors,  and  seen 
it  spread  from  wood  on  to  plate-glas!^,  and  perfect 
itself  on  the  latter  substance  whilst  drawing  itj 
nourishment  from  the  wood.  In  wine  cellars  it  will 
spread  from  the  woodwork  and  walls  to  the  bins  and 
even  to  the  corks  of  wine  bottles.  The  mycelium  of 
the  fungus  will  luxuriate  between  the  cork  and  the 
neck  of  the  bottle  ;  a  slight  attack  of  this  sort  is  said 
to  make  the  wine  "  corky." 

The  dry  rot  fungus  prefers  the  squared  unpolished 
wood  of  coniferous  trees  as  a  substratum  on  which  to 
luxuriate,  but  we  have  seen  it  on  polished  Mahoginy, 
and  it  will  spread  from  other  woods  to  Teak  and 
destroy  Teak-built  ships.  It  is  not  uncommon  on  the 
fallen  timber  of  Pine  woods,  but,  like  some  other 
plants,  it  has  long  been  peculiarly  associated  with  man 
and  his  dwellings.  It  destroys  churches,  houses,  ships, 
bridges,  railway  sleepers,  telegraph  poles,  and  many 
other  objects.  It  must  not  be  assumed,  however,  that 
the  true  dry  rot  fungus  is  the  sole  depredator.  There 
are  twelve  British  species  of  Merulius,  inclusive  of  M. 
lachrymans,  and  several  of  these  appear  at  times  in 
our  houses.  We  have  seen  M.  corium  almost  as 
destructive  as  M.  lachryman?.  In  addition  to  the  dry 
rot  fungi  it  is  by  no  means  uncommon  to  find  build- 
ings destoyed  by  different  species  of  Polyporus,  Len- 
tinus,  and  other  fungi. 

Merulius  was  so  named  by  Fries  on  account  of  the 
shallow  pores  or  wrinkles  of  the  spore-producing  sur- 
face, and  lachrymans  on  account  of  the  drops  of 
moisture,  like  tears,  which  stud  the  fruiting  surface 
of  the  fungus  when  growing  in  full  vigour. 

The  upper  part  of  the  accompanying  illustration 
(fig.  125,  p.  629)  shows  a  small  plant  of  a  dry-rot 
fungus  ;  the  circumference  is  white    or  livid  in  colour, 


and  thick  and  fleshy.  Tne  whole  plant  is  fleshy  and 
almost  meaty  when  cut.  The  adour  is  very  strong 
and  Muihroom-!ike.  The  livid  rim  consists  of 
transparent  interwoven  fungus  tubes  and  cells  as 
illustrated  enlarged  400  diameters  at  c  ;  tubes  of  this 
nature  and  sizs  also  form  the  entire  base  of  the  fungus. 
The  fungus  cells  or  tubes  break  down  the  substance 
ol  the  wcod  upon  which  they  grow  and  transport  the 
juices  of  the  wood  to  the  fungus  for  nourishment. 
The  central  part  of  the  surface  of  the  Merulius  is  rich 
reddish-brown  in  colour  and  indented  with  coarse 
shallow  pores  or  wrinkles,  as  illustrated  in  the  upper 
figure.  A  reddish  livid  juice  is  exuded  from  all 
parts  of  this  fungus;  this  juice  stains  every  object 
w'th  which  it  comes  in  contact.  A  section  of 
ihe  wrinkled  surface  is  shown  natural  size  at  A. 
Every  part  of  the  reddish  wrinkled  surface  pro- 
duces spores,  the  same  portion  distils  drops  of 
moisture  chiefly  derived  from  the  wood  upon 
which  the  fungus  grows.  By  breaking  down  the 
substance  of  the  wood  and  extracting  its  juices  the 
timber  is  ultimately  left  in  a  state  little  better  than  dry 
sawdust  or  powder,  hence  the  popular  name  of  "  dry 
rot,"  a  curious  name  for  a  naturally  wet  or  *'  weep- 
ing" fungus.  If  a  very  small  fragment  is  cut  from 
the  wrinkled  surface  of  an  example  of  Merulius 
lachrymans,  and  a  very  thin  transparent  slice  is  then 
removed  from  the  exposed  surface  and  examined 
with  a  microscope  it  will  be  seen,  if  enlarged 
400  diameters,  as  at  n.  The  coarse  transparent 
tubes  of  the  base  of  the  fungus  become  much 
narrower  as  they  gradually  grow  up  towards  the 
brown  wrinkled  surface,  and  in  the  latter  position 
they  support  tall  colourless  cells  or  bladders  as  shown  j 
each  tall  bladder  throws  out  four  minute  hornsor  spore- 
supports ri  at  its  apex,  and  on  each  horn  an  oval  spore 
of  rich  brown  colour  is  borne,  as  illustrated.  When 
the  ripe  spores  fall  from  their  supports  on  to  damp 
wood  in  close  confined  air  they  germinate  and  throw 
out  fine  mycelial  tubes,  the  tubes  penetrate  the  sweat- 
ing wood  and  soon  produce  a  perfect  dry  rot  fungus 
by  drawing  from  the  wood  the  ma'.erial  necessary  for 
the  life  and  well-being  of  the  fungus.  The  fungus 
continues  to  grow  till  the  supporting  timber  is  com- 
pletely exhausted  and  reduced  to  tinder  or  dust  ;  the 
fungus  itself  now  perishes,  but  not  before  it  has  pro- 
duced myriads  of  spores  which  have  probably  been 
carried  away  by  currents  of  air  to  destroy  other 
damp  wood  or  wood  in  damp  places.  The  dry 
rot  fungus  will  under  favourable  conditions  attain 
a  very  large  size,  its  dimensions  appear,  in  fact, 
to  be  only  limited  by  the  size  of  the  object  or 
material  on  which  it  grows ;  we  have  seen  huge 
thick  growth?,  like  large  pancakes,  a  yard  or  more 
in  diameter.  As  the  growth  of  the  fungus  is  as  rapid 
as  it  is  exhaustive,  it  follows  that  when  dry  rot  once 
gets  a  footing  in  an  ill-ventilated  building  the  work  of 
destruction  is  rapid  and  complete.  Floors  rot,  roofs 
fall,  gal'eries  collapse,  and  window  sashes  turn  to 
powder  and  drop  out.  As  the  air  of  the  infested 
building  is  full  of  dry  rot  spores  it  is  useless  to  replace 
old  wood  with  new,  for  new  wood  merely  supplies 
fresh  food  for  the  funguF.  Sometimes  improved 
ventililion  is  beneficial,  but  it  is  impossible  to  really 
cure  dry  rot,  and  almost  if  not  quite  impossible  to  stop 
its  progress  when  once  well  started,  as  the  fungus  is 
always  ready  to  invade  various  other  materials  in 
addition  to  wood.  To  keep  well  clear  of  dry  rot  its 
attacks  should  be  prevented. 

Petroleum  will  quickly  destroy  the  dry-rot  fungus, 
and  prevent  its  reappearance,  but  it  is  so  extremely 
dangerous  to  thoroughly  soak  a  building  or  ship  with 
petroleum,  that  the  remedy  is  as  bad  or  worse  than 
the  disease.  Burnett's  mode  of  preserving  timber  is 
by  the  application  of  chloride  of  zinc  ;  this,  without 
injuring  the  wood,  has  a  tendency  to  protect  it  from 
destruction.  Kyan's  method  (hence  the  term  kyanising) 
consists  of  the  use  of  corrosive  sublimate,  but  this 
material  can  only  be  applied  eft'ectually  on  dr/  (as 
opposed  to  wet  or  damp)  timber.  Margary's  method 
(hence  the  term  margarising)  consists  in  the  appHcition 
of  the  sulphate  or  other  salts  of  copper.  Belhell's 
method,  which  is  the  best,  consists  of  "creosoling" 
the  wood,  by  the  application  of  coal  tar  or  oil  of  tar. 
This  substance  does  not  get  driven  out  of  timber  by 
moisture,  whereas  all  the  salts  of  metals  fail  in  this 
direction.  Coal  tar,  a  material  which  looks  like  treacle, 
is  derived  from  coal  in  the  process  of  gas-making. 
When  coal  t£.r  is  distilled,  light  oils,  heavy  oils,  and 
pitch  {the  residuum)  are  produced  :  the  oils  heavier 
than  water  are  the  **  creosote  "of  Bethell.  The  most 
effective  heavy   creosote   for   timber   preservation   is 


November  13,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


627 


derived  from  the  best  Newcastle  coals,  a  less  valuable 
material  is  distilled  from  Midland  coals.  A  good  deal 
of  our  knowledge  of  wood  preservation,  as  possessed  at 
the  present  day,  seems  to  have  been  known  in  part  at 
least  to  the  ancient  Egyptians,  who  filled  the  pores  of 
their  wooden  statues,  columns,  <S;c., — to  say  nothing 
of  the  grand-mummies  (  I ), — with  oils  and  bilumcL. 

Mr.  Boulton  states  that  Fir  timber  is  capable  of 
taking  up  from  6d  to  150  gallons  of  water  to  the  load 
of  50  cubic  feet,  he  also  slates  that  he  has  extiacled 
50  gallons  of  water  from  a  load  of  railway  sleepers. 
In  the  process  ot  creosoting  the  limber  is  first  made 
quite  dry  and  the  extracted  water  is  then  replaced 
under  heavy  pressure,  by  oil  of  tar.  More  than  one 
patent  has  been  taken  out  for  "creosoting,"  and  the 
cfiicacy  or  otherwise  of  creosoted  timber  depends  on 
the  quality  and  constituents  of  the  oil  of  tar  and  the 
method  of  forcing  it  into  the  pores  of  the  timber. 

The  proper  antiseptic  treatment  of  wood  is  a  sub- 
ject of  the  highest  importance  when  studied  in  refer- 
ence to  the  preservation  of  telegraph  post?,  railway 
sleepers,  piles  for  harbours,  ships'  limbers,  and  to 
cases  where  wood  must  of  necessity  be  exposed  to  the 
action  of  water,  damp  earth,  or  moist  air,  but  in 
buildings  which  are  designed  10  be  constantly  kept 
dry  no  creosoting  is  necessary.  In  horticultural 
buildings,  however,  where  the  conlained  air  is  alwjys 
mois%  the  dry  rot  fungus,  or  one  or  other  of  its 
allies,  often  makes  sad  havoc.  Tiles,  iron,  &;c.,  are 
now  so  much  used  in  greenhouses  that  wood  often 
only  occupies  a  minor  place  in  their  construction. 

Without  5ome  antiseptic  treatment  it  is  impossible 
to  prevent  the  decay  of  wool  when  as  in  ships  it  is 
placed  in  water  or  as  in  posts,  and  piles,  buried  In 
the  ground,  but  there  is  no  reason  why  our  public 
and  private  buildings  should  be  so  constantly  destroyed 
by  the  dry  rot  fungus.  Without  damp  stagnant  air  and 
wood  saturated  with  moisture  MeruHus  lacrymans 
cannot  exist  ;  keep  these  evils  away,  and  no  dry-rot 
will  be  seen. 

It  is  very  necessary  that  foundations  should  be  well 
built  with  cement  on  concrete  cr  rock,  that  all  the  base- 
ments should  be  thoroughly  well  ventilated,  so  that 
currents  of  air  may  be  able  to  pass  through  windows 
or  other  openings.  The  timber  used  for  building  pur- 
poses shoulJ  be  perfectly  sound  and  dry.  All  good 
builders  are  aware  of  the  best  methods  for  preventing 
damp  rising  from  basements,  or  passing  up  or  through 
walls  ;  and  it  is  only  by  the  culpable  neglect  of  well- 
known  common-sense  precautions  that  so  many  public 
-snd  private  buildings  are  destroyed  by  the  dry-rot 
fungus. 

We  are  being  constantly  asked  for  a  "cure"  of 
dry  rot,  and  we  ofen  find  ourseives  without  patience 
to  write  a  reply.  It  is  as  impossible  to  "cure" 
rotten  timber  as  to  "  cure  "  a  rotten  animal  ;  when  ad- 
vanced in  decay  both  are  too  far  gone  for  cure.  Com- 
mon sense  must  be  used  in  the  prevention  of  the 
attacks  of  \\\t  dry-rot  fungu?. 

Dr.  J.  Gwyn  Jelfreys  tays  {British  Comholo^y, 
vol,  i.,  p.  130,  under  "  Limax  ")  that  slugs  in  cellars 
will  eat  the  dry-rot  fungus,  Worihin^lon  G.  Smith, 
D  It  f IS  table. 


j40ME     ;pOF}F(E5PONDENC£. 


Orchid  Pruning.  —  This  practice  has  been  advo- 
cated by  many  growers,  and  no  doubt  in  many  cases 
it  is  necessary  to  do'  so  for  neatness,  as  well  as  to 
remove  useless  and  decaying  bulbs,  as  in  the  case  of 
Coelogyne  cristala,  Odontoglossum  grande,  and 
others.  With  some  Orchids  oce  might  hesitate  before 
doing  so,  as  is  the  case  with  Dendrobium  speciosum, 
a  plant  growing  here,  which  has  been  mentioned  in 
the  columns  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  in  years  gone 
by.  However,  the  plant  now  measures  3  feet  6  inches 
in  diameter,  and  flowers  every  year,  on  one  occasion 
having  from  thirty  to  forty  spikes  of  bloom  ;  the 
bulbs  with  leaves  on  flower  year  after  year,  but  the 
most  curious  part  is  that  some  of  the  bulbs  without 
leaves  for  many  years  are  showing  flower-stems  :  one 
bulb  has  two.  Those  bulbs  with  leaves  constantly 
throw  two  spikes  on  some  of  their  number.  This 
season  the  plant  promises  to  be  fine,  but  is  not  suffi- 
ciently advanced  to  enable  rae  to  speak  with  certainty 
3S  to  the  number  of  spikes.  A  companion  plant, 
Odontoglossum  grande,  2  feet  in  diameter,  had  four- 
teen spikes  of  bloom,  twelve  yet  remaining.  These 
plants,  with  others  of  their  class,  have  to  share  the 
treatment  of  the  Vines,  under  which  they  do  so  well. 
William  Cuherwell,  Thorpe  Perrow. 

A  Japanese  Rose  Hedge  and  Plant  Protec- 
tion.—  While  experimeniing  at  Oakwood  I  have 
come  upon  two  no'ions  which  I  think  are  worth  pub- 
lishing. The  first  is  a  new  hedge  ;  we  tried  a  small 
one  in  front  of  the  cottage,  and  this  succeeding,  we 
have  now  made  one  above  a  hundred  yards  long,  of 
Japanese   Rose  (Rosa    rugosa);    the    beauty  of    i's 


flowers,  fruit,  and  foliage— the  last  while  green,  and 
afterwards  in  its  gclien  state  in  autumn— make  it 
ornamental,  while  its  quick  growth  and  many  and 
close  thorns  make  it  useful.  The  plants  of  our  last 
hedge  are  seedlings  taken  out  of  a  seed-bed  not  more 
than  2\  yards  square.  This  hedge  has  a  backing  of 
cut  Furze  ;  I  expect  in  three  years  it  will  bs  well 
grown  up.  Notion  No.  2  is  a  subilitu'e  for  snow  as 
a  protection  for  some  bulbs  and  plants.  Sqow,  asis 
well  known,  owes  its  tfticicy  to  the  air  among  it  ;  I 
have  tried  miny  experiin^nis  to  get  something  ihit 
would  take  its  place.  Finding  that  plants  sowed 
themselves  on  our  gravel  walk,  and  came  up  better 
than  in  the  seed  beds,  I  used  a  surface  of  fine  sifted 
gravel  with  good  results,  and  now  believe  that  for 
bulbs  which  it  is  undesiralde  to  plant  very  deep,  and 
yet  which  must  not  be  froz-n,  a  covering  of  3  to  4 
inches  of  sifted  gravel  stones  :ibout  I  inch  long  would 
hold  air  enough  to  prevent  the  frost  getting  down 
into  the  ground  and  be  easily  removed  in  spring. 
With  some  precious  bulbs  and  deciduous  plants  I 
have  put  a  surrounding  of  bricks  edgewise,  filling  up 
the  enclosed  space  with  these  gravel  stones  ;  smaller 
stones  may  be  better  :  this  is  a  subject  for  experi- 
ment,  George  F.  Wilson, 

Double- Flowering  Primula  sinensis. — These 
beautiful  flowering  plants  being  so  desirable  and 
valuable  for  cut  bl  jom,  as  well  as  for  decorative  pur- 
poses, we  forward  you  sample  trusses  of  the  varieties 
we  now  have  in  full  bloom  for  your  inspection.  Con- 
sidering that  these  plants  go  on  flowering  all  the 
winter  and  early  spring  months,  we  have  no  hesita- 
tion in  saying  thit  they  should  ba  grown  largely 
whire  cut  dowers  are  in  demand.  The  difficulty  of 
their  propagation  and  culture  seems  to  be  a  barrier  in 
the  way  of  their  popularity  ;  but  surely  our  gardeners 
can  overcome  this  matter,  as  they  have  overcome 
many  others,  the  more  so  as  choice  cut  flowers  are 
cow  required  in  every  household.  Clark  Brothers^ 
Carlisle.  [Excellent  samples.  — Ed.] 

Fuchsia  coccinea  and  Neglected  0:d  Sorts. 
— I  send  you  some  fluwers  and  foliage  of  F.  coccinea 
and  F.  migellanica  to  :^how  you  that  they  are  not  one 
and  the  same  kind.  The  latter  was  kindly  sent  here 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gordon,  of  Birnie,  author  of  the 
Flora  of  Moray,  whom  I  knew  had  the  true  magel- 
Unica  through  having  seen  it  there  some  years  ago. 
His  own  letter,  which  I  forwarJ,  will  best  explain  its 
hirdiness  in  the  North  of  Scotland,  Coccinea  flexuosa 
is  from  a  plant  growing  on  a  trellis  on  the  north  side 
of  a  cottage  uninhabited  in  a  flower  garden  here,  and 
must  have  been  there  for  at  least  forty  to  fifty  years. 
It  is  mostly  cut  down  to  the  ground  every  winter  by 
frost,  but  always  comes  up  again  in  spring.  It  has 
never  received  any  aUention  in  covering,  not  even  to 
keep  the  frost  from  its  roots.  I  may  here  remark 
that  I  can  remember  perfectly  when  Fuchsia  coccinea 
was  'he  only  one  in  cultivation.  Later  introductions 
were  not  much  known  until  about  1S30,  altho.igh 
such  varieties  as  virgata,  conica,  tenella,  iJcc. , 
wsre  introduced  some  five  or  six  years  previ  )U3 
to  that  date.  Conica  and  virgata  are  both 
alive  here  also.  They  had  been  planted  at  the  top  of 
a  mound  of  rockwork,  which  is  now  covered  ail  over 
with  Cotoneaster  rotundifolia.  The  Fuchsias  grjv 
through  it  every  year  and  flower  freely.  Perhaps 
the  next  hardiest  sort  to  magellanica  is  Riccartoni  ; 
it  has  survived  some  of  our  severest  frosts  without 
being  cut  down.  The  plants  are  growing  on  grass 
amongst  shrubs  on  the  sloping  hanks  of  an  old  quarry. 
Since  the  introduction  of  Y.  Venus  Victrix,  the  first 
white-petalled  variety,  hybridising  has  gone  forward 
with  so  many  improvements  that  the  useful  old  sorts 
are  now  thrown  in  the  shade.  J.  Webster^  Gordon 
Castle,  Aberdc-cn.  [Ai  has  been  mentioned  previou>ly, 
F.  coccinea  was  not  among  them.  The  true  coccinea 
is  a  Brazilian  species,  now  very  rare  in  this  country. 
See  Bot,  Mag.,  t.  5740.    W,  B.  HemsUy.'\ 

Abutilons  as  Climbers. — Probably  better  pillar- 
plants  than  certain  species  and  varieties  of  Abutilons 
do  not  exist,  yet  how  ver^'  rarely  are  they  to  be  seen 
occupying  such  positions.  They  are  admirably 
adapted  for  the  back  walls  of  greenhouses.  The 
species  suitable  fjr  this  purpose  are  Abutilon  tessel- 
latum,  A.  Thompsoni,  and  A.  vexillarium.  This 
trio,  it  scarcely  need  be  said,  will  grow  well  in  almost 
any  position  ani  any  kind  of  soil.  Even  under  arti- 
ficial culture  they  are  almost  as  tenacious  of  life  as 
are  our  native  Mallows  ;  nevertheless,  one  kind  of 
treatment  they  are  commonly  subjected  to  at  present 
is  very  inimical  to  success  with  them,  and  it  consists 
in  cutting  the  plants  lack  to  insure  a  bushier  and 
dwarfer  form.  This  practice  destroys  more  Abutilons 
than  do  all  other  hardships  they  may  have  to  endure. 
It  may  be  the  two  former  are  too  robust  to  be  planted 
as  climbers  in  small  houses  ;  the  last,  however,  is 
well  adapted  for  the  smallest  of  structures  where 
pillars  or  bare  back  walls  have  to  be  covered.  If  the 
far  more  stiff,  erect,  and  more  deciduous  habited 
Hibrothamous  (Cestrum)  is  suited  for  pillar  work, 
certainly  these  more  graceful  habited  plants  are  more 


so.  In  greenhouse  garniture,  however,  as  in  othtr 
fashions,  it  would  seem  to  be  that  one  grower  adopts 
the  sama  subjects  as  another,  and  it  is  difficult  to 
convince  people  that  other  and  belter  things  exist. 
IIov  frequently  do  we  meet  with  Tecoma  jasminoides, 
the  deciduous  Masdevallia  suaveolens,  Solanum  jas- 
minoides, or  Kennedyas,  planted  against  pillar;, 
with  the  result  that  fresh  young  growths  ru^h  up- 
ward, reach  the  glass,  and  there  expend  themselve"^, 
to  the  loss  of  any  pleasing  remains  lower  down.  And 
even  when  a  truis  or  two  of  bloom  casua'ly  forms  on 
the  sparse  current  year's  growth,  they  are  so  encircl-ed 
by  foliage  and  hang  so  high  up  as  to  be  barely  per- 
ceptible against  the  expanse  of  sky  and  light.  Tnese 
species  of  Abutilon,  which  arc  not  so  subject  to  these 
drawbacks,  certainly  deserve  increased  consideraion 
at  the  hands  of  gardeners.    William  Earley. 

Adiantum  Seedling  Edvpard  Henry  Walton. 
— Among  your  Answers  to  Correspondems  (p.  601) 
we  find  you  inquire  whether  this  Abantum  seedling 
is  likely  to  reproduce  itself  from  spores.  We  have 
only  tied  one  lot  of  spores,  the  produce  of  which 
were  potted  last  week.  We  used  no  particular  pre- 
caution with  the  spores,  which  have  come  true  to 
character.  We  think  it  a  very  elegant  Fern.  E.  H.W., 
Ed^cnd  Nurseries,  Burnley. 

Late  Peas.  —  We  gathered  our  last  dish  of  Teas 
on  November  6  of  Ne  Pius  Ultra.  Sturdy  I  have 
grown  for  the  first  time  this  season  ;  it  is  a  good  late 
variety,  and  I  intend  giving  it  a  further  trial  next 
season.  Owing  to  the  sharp  frost  on  the  mirning  of 
November  S  we  registered  7'^,  therefore  all  Peas  and 
I>;ans  are  now  cut  off.  The  varieties  that  have  pro- 
duced a  daily  supply  from  June  on  throughout  the 
season  are,  Dickson's  First  and  Best,  Veitch's  Selected 
Extra  Early,  Day's  Early  Sunrise,  William  the  First, 
Laxton's  Alpha,  Champion  of  England,  Criterion, 
Fillbasket,  Huntingdoniau,  Supreme,  British  Queen, 
Emperor  of  the  Marrows,  and  Ne  Plus  Utra.  Edward 
Ward,  Heiv:ll  Gardens.  Bromsqrove. 

Grafted  Grapes. — Allow  me  to  bear  testimony 
to  the  correctness  of  Mr.  Warden's  remarks  at  p.  597. 
respecting  the  highly-finished  bunches  of  Black  Ali- 
cante Grapes  rcsultmg  from  a  rod  inarched  on  a 
Buckland  Sweetwater  Vine  in  the  Clarendon  Park 
vineries.  I  saw  them  in  September  last,  and  the 
bunches  of  large,  well-coloured,  and  heavily-bloomed 
berries,  were  symmetrical  in  outline  and  averaged 
about  3a  lb.  each,  every  one  of  which  would  do  credit 
to  the  exhibition-table.  Last  year  I  inarched  a  young 
rod  of  Black  Alicante  on  a  strongly  growing  Syrian 
Vine,  and  which  fs  carrying  two  bundles  this  season, 
the  berries  of  which  are  larger  and  more  heavily 
bloomed  than  those  oa  the  parent  Vine  are.  In 
another  late  house  I  have  this  year  inarched  Gros 
Maroc  on  a  Syrian  Vine,  and  on  either  side  of  the 
Syrian  Vine,  which  is  bearing  a  heavy  crop  of  Grapes 
this  year  ;  young  pot-Vioes  of  Alnwick  Seedling  and 
Muscat  Hamburgh  are  inarched,  the  former  on  Bar- 
barrosa,  and  the  latter  on  Raisin  de  Calabre.  I 
intend  taking  a  bunch  or  two  from  the  Muscat  Ham- 
burgh Vine  next  season,  but  the  Gros  Maroc  and 
Alnwick  Seedling  Vines  having  been  inarched  rather 
late  in  the  season  will  not  be  cropped  next  year.  I 
look  forward  to  securing  larger  bunches  from  the 
Alnwick  Seedling  and  Barbarossa,  and  the  Gros 
Maroc  and  Syrian  unions,  und  of  quite  as  good  flavour 
as  I  could  obtain  from  the  respective  varieties  on 
their  own  roots ;  but  I  cannot  expect  to  improve  ths 
flavour  of  the  Muscat  Hamburgh  Grape  by  its  union 
with  the  Raisin  de  Calabre,  if  I  do  the  size  of  bunch. 
Last  spring  I  inarched  a  pot  Vine  of  Golden  Qieen 
on  a  Muscat  of  Alexandria  with  a  view  to  improving 
the  flavour  of  the  former  Grape,  which,  when  grown 
as  it  was  shown  by  Messrs.  Murray  (Cu'zean  Caille, 
Maybole)  and  Hammond  (Brayton,  Carlisle),  in 
Edinburgh  at  the  September  show  of  last  year,  is  a 
grand  looking  Grape.  I  have  Gros  Maroc  on  a  Black 
Hamburgh  stock  trained  up  the  back  wall  and  rafter 
of  hip-roof  house  with  very  satisfactory  results  as  re- 
gards flavour,  size,  and  colour  of  berries,  which  latter 
retain  their  oval  shape.  So  pleased  am  I  with  the 
result  of  this  Gros  Maroc  and  Hamburg  union  that 
last  spring  twelvemonths,  having  then  raised  several 
young  Vines  from  eyes  for  transplanting  in  a  permanent 
border,  towards  the  end  of  July  following,  I  inarched 
Gros  Maroc  on  a  Black  Hamburgh  Vme  while  both 
were  in  7-inch  pots,  and  which,  together  with  two 
Vmes  of  Gros  Maroc  on  their  own  roots,  Alnwick 
Seedling,  Madresfield,  and  Muscat  Hamburgh  (the 
latter  at  the  warmest  end  of  the  house,  and  planted 
at  the  time  indicated  in  a  newly  made  outside  border). 
The  Vines  were  heavily  shaded  from  bright  sunshine 
until  the  roots  had  taken  to  the  new  soil,  when  shading 
wasdiscontiuued;  they  were'aiso  syringed  overhead  two 
or  three  times  a  day  to  keep  the  foliage  fresh.  These 
Vines  have  all  made  satisfactory  growth  during  the 
interval,  and  next  year  I  hope  to  take  three  or  four 
bunches  (more  or  less,  according  to  the  strength  of 
the  individual  Vines)  from  each  rod,  and  at  the  same 
time  have  an  opportunity  to  note  the  difference  between 


62g 


THR     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[November  13,  18 


the  produce  of  the  Vine  of  Gros  Maroc  on  its  own 
roots  and  that  of  the  one  on  the  Hamburgh  stock, 
both  growing  in  the  same  border  and  under  the  same 
conditions.  I  may  here  slate  a  fact  which,  though  it 
is  well  known  to  all  good  Grape  growers,  is  not 
known  so  well  as  it  ought  to  be— that  all  Grapes, 
except  the  Frontignan,  and  perhaps  the  Duchess  of 
Buccleuch,  are  improved  in  flavour  by  being  grafted  on 
Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  stocks ; 
but  that  the  two  varieties  just  mentioned  deteriorate 
more  or  less  in  flavour  when  grown  on  other  roots  than 
their  own.  H.  \V.  JTani,  Longford  Castle  Cardan. 

Crows  and  Poisonous  Wheat- Dips.  —  A 
curious  illustration  of  the  sagacity  or  instinct  of  the 
common  rook,  or  crow,  came  under  my  notice  this 
morning.  I  was  scattering  seed  Wheat  that  had  been 
previously  impregnated  with  Goulding's  Wheat-dip, 
or  anti-smut  mixture,  and  then  dried  out  with  slaked 
lime.  A  flight  of  crows  came  for  their  matutinal 
meal,  and  swooped  down  on  what  I  had  sown.  I 
observed  them  commence  ravenously,  and  after  a  few 
moments  hesitate,  and  finally  retreat  to  the  bead- 
land  and  remain  there.  Others  came,  but  the  caw- 
■  ing  and  circling  flight  seemed  to  indicate  a  note  of 
warning.  Farmers  and  gardeners  having  a  home 
farm  might  profitably  bear  this  in  mind.  There  is 
the  saving  of  an  animate  or  inanimate  scarecrow,  in 
seed,  in  the  evenness  of  the  braird,  &c.  W.  "J.  Murphy, 
Clonmel, 

Winter-fJowering  Ericas.  —  Young  stock  of 
these  indispensable  plants  now  bristling  with  flower- 
buds  will  need  close  attention  in  respect  to  watering, 
especially  if  recently  purchased  from  the  growers.  As 
they  are  invariably  pot-bound  at  this  season  they 
require  a  good  supply  of  water.  If  this  is  neglected 
now  the  result  will  be  seen  byand-by  in  either  un- 
developed or  malformed  flowers.   ?.  Hudson. 

Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums. ^In  his  remarks  on 
these  (p.  533)  Mr.  H.  Dunkin  omits  what  is  in  my 
opinion  the  most  satisfactory  mode  of  treating  the 
plants  in  order  to  have  a  good  supply  of  flowers  for 
cutting  during  the  dull  months  now  upon  us.  That 
large  plants  bloom  freely  when  trained  on  pyramidal 
trelliswork  during  the  spring  and  summer  months 
there  is  no  question,  but  to  insure  a  large  amount  of 
bloom  from  now  onwards  they  do  not  receive  suffi- 
cient light.  My  mode  of  treating  them  is  to  pot  into 
10  and  12-inch  pots  during  May,  and  to  fix  a  rough 
trellis  against  a  wall  (exposed  to  the  sun),  then  train 
the  shoots  thinly,  and  keep  all  flowers  removed  until 
the  end  of  September,  when  the  plants  are  taken  into 
a  Melon  pit  and  the  shoots  trained  along  the  wires 
about  a  foot  from  the  glass.  Here  they  are  fed  with 
liquid  manure,  and  the  pipes  are  kept  slightly  warm, 
and  plenty  of  air  given.  Some  of  the  plants  cover  a 
space  of  6  feet  by  4  feet,  and  have  Irom  sixty  to 
a  hundred  trusses  of  blooms,  which  are  very  useful 
for  cutting  purposes.    /' .  J.  Ireland,  Nostell  Priory. 


"Jumi'Ing"  Seeds  from  Mexico. 

Mr.  Maclachlan  showed  specimens  o(  the  Jumping 
Seeds  from  Mexico,  which,  when  placed  on  the  table, 
were  in  frequent  movement.  The  motion  was  due 
to  the  presence  of  a  grub  in  the  disjoined  carpels 
of  an  euphorbiaceous  plant.  The  insect  is  closely 
allied  to  the  Apple  moth,  Carpocapsa  pomonella.  It 
was  first  noticed  by  Westwood  in  1858. 

IxiA  Bulbs  diseased. 

He  also  showed  specimens,  received  from  Scilly,  of 
bulbs  possessing  channels  filled  with  gummy  matter. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL: 
Tuesday,    Nov.    9. 

After  the  very  lull  exhibitions  that  have  been  held 
in  the  conservatory  at  South  Kensington  during  the 
season  now  drawing  to  a  close,  the  show  at  this 
meeting  was  a  very  scanty  one.  It  was  fortunate 
that  the  Canadian  and  Nova  Scotian  exhibits  of  fruit 
and  farm  and  garden  produce  still  remained  to  occupy 
the  centre  and  half  of  the  side  tables.  The  miscel- 
laneous exhibits  were  chiefly  Chrysanthemums  shown 
for  certificates  and  a  few  Orchids  and  Cyclamen. 

Scientific  Committee, 
M.  T.  Masters,  F.R.S.,  in  the  chair. 
Orchids,  Drawings  of. 

A  large  and  beautiful  series  of  pencil-drawings  of 
lips  of  Odontoglossum  crispum  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Hensen,  of  St.  Albans,  with  a  view  of  showing  the 
range  of  variation.  Mr.  O'Brien  remarked  that 
their  forms  indicated  in  many  cases  the  parentage, 
thus  a  triangular  form  was  characteristic  of  Lindleyi  ; 
a  broad  truncate  shape  that  of  Pescatorei,  &c.  This 
showed  that  all  the  forms  were  results  of  crossings 
and  natural  seedling  from  crossings. 

A  Vote  of  Thanks  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Hansen. 

Cyi'Ripedium  speciosum.  Monstrous. 

Dr.  Masters  showed  drawings  illustrative  of 
fission  in  the  posterior  sepal  and  staminode  ;  it  com- 
menced by  furcation  or  partition  of  the  fibro-vascular 
cord  at  the  base  of  the  ovary,  and  affected  both  the 
above  organs. 


No  trace  of  fungi  or  animal  life  could  be  detected. 
Mr.  O'Brien  said  he  was  familiar  with  a  similar  con- 
dition in  Crocuses,  and  attributed  it  to  wet.  Mr. 
Murray  suggested  defective  nutrition,  and  would 
report  on  a  further  examination  of  the  bulbs. 

Primula  capitata. 
Mr.  Wilson  showed  a  specimen  of  a  very  large  form 


there  were  now  three  forms  in  cultivation,  a  shnrt, 
intermediate,  and  now  this  new  tall  form.  Mr. 
Henslow  had  examined  the  flowers  and  found  them 
to  be  ihe  "  short-slyled  form,"  but  with  the  anthers 
dwarfed  to  a  height  no  greater  than  the  ovary, 
apparently  indicating  the  fact  that  the  staminal  whorl 
tends  to  degenerate  when  great  vigour  is  assumed  by 
the  plant ;  the  pistil  and  large  reddish  stigma  appeared 
to  be  quite  perfect. 

Canadian  Instrument  for  Pressing  Fruit. 
He  also  exhibited  a  sample  of  a  strong  galvanised 
iron  instrument   for  squeezing  juice  for  jellies,    &c., 
sold  in  the  Canadian  department  of  the  Exhibition. 

Sycamore  Root,  Hypertrophied. 
Mr.  Henslow  exhibited  a  dense  mass  of  root-fibres 
which  had  completely  filled  a  water-pipe  ;  he  also 
showed  a  slender  thread-like  Turnip  root,  about  6 
feet  long,  which  had  been  extracted  from  a  field 
drain. 

Antirrhinum    majus    and    A.    orontium, 
Peloria  of. 

The  same  gentleman  showed  specimens  with  illus- 
trations of  dissections  of  these  **  regular"  flowered 
Snapdragon?,  both  occurring  in  gardens  at  Penmaen- 
mawr  ;  also  "sleeve-like"  (lowers  of  Calceolaria,  in 
which  the  corollas  had  become  regular. 

Jerusalem  Artichoke  in  Blossom. 
The   secretary  also    exhibited  a  blossom    received 
from  Wilts,  and  observed  that  in  warm  autumns  It 
often  forms  buds,  but  does  not  usually  blossom. 

Monstrous  Orchis. 
Mr.  Henslow  exhibited  a  dried  specimen  in  which 
the  inferior  ovary  was  replaced  by  a  long  stalk,  the 
perianth  consisting  of  three  small  pointed  sepals,  ■ 
within  which  were  two  aoihcrs  on  opposite  sides  of 
a  depression  with  a  corrugated  rim,  the  processes  on 
the  borders  resembled  the  gland-like  processes  corre- 
sponding to  the  usual  abortive  stamens. 

Produce  of  Plug-grafted  Potatos. 
Mr.  Henslow  communicated  specimens  of  tubers  and 
drawings  of  others,  raised  ihis  year  from  a  tuber,  one 
of  the  produce  which  resulted  from  Mr.  Worthington 
G.  Smith's  experiments  in  1S85.  The  tuber  planted 
last  March  weighed  6^  oz.,  and  the  produce  was 
6i  lb.  The  results  of  Mr.  Smith's  experiments  were 
remarkable  for  the  contorted  state  of  the  tubers. 
Many  of  this  second  year's  crop  were  similarly  bent, 
but  ten  tubers  were  oval  (3  by  2  inches),  and  of  a 
good  shape.  The  cross  was  between  Magnum 
Bonum  and  Early  Border. 

T0MAT03  attacked  by  Peeonospora  infestans, 
Mr.  W.  G.  Smith  exhibited  Tomatoes  attacked  by 
the  common  Potato  disease,  as  well  as  Potatos  attacked 
by  the  Potato  smut,  Tuburcinia  scabies,  which  pro- 
duced  wart-like  pustules  all  over  it.  It  was  the  first 
occasion  on  which  this  disease  had  been  exhibited. 

Hybrid  Begonias. 
In  reference  to  the  remarks  of  Mr.  Meehan  in  the 
last  number  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  Messrs. 
Veitch  exhibited  their  Begonia  John  Heal.  This  was 
a  hybrid  out  of  a  South  American  tuberous  kind  by 
the  pollen  of  the  East  African  B.  socotrana.  The 
plant  is  intermediate  in  several  particulars  between 
its  parents,  but  its  special  peculiarity  is  that  all  the 
Bowers  are  male  flowers,  and  that  they  are  retained 
on  the  plant  for  several  days  instead  of  falling  ofi 
speedily.  Moreover  another  hybrid,  raised  between 
the  pollen  of  this  variety  and  an  ordinary  tuberous 
Begonia,  produced  a  tuberous  Begonia  which  also 
bore  male  flowers  only. 

Masdevallia  achrocordouia  (Rchb.  f.). 
A  plant,  flowering  for  the  first  time,  was  exhibited 
by  Mr.  S.  Courtauld,  of  Brainlree.     It  appears  to  be 
somewhat  intermediate    between    philippmensis   and 
Schlimii.     A  Botanical  Certificate  was  awarded  it. 

Plants  from  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Cam- 
bridge, 

Mr.  J.  Lynch  showed  Eicallonia  revoluta  with 
small  white  flowers,  being  a  perfectly  hardy  species  ; 
Passiflora  foetida,  remarkable  for  the  leathery  stipules 
and  sepals,  and  Euphorbia  punicea,  with  brightly 
coloured  bracts. 

Malformed  Lily,  c&c. 

Mr.  Lynch  also  showed  a  flower  of  Lilium  longi- 
florum,  in  which  the  segments  of  the  flower  were 
separate  to  the  base,  and  a  specimen  of  Lonicera 
micropoda,  in  which  the  stem  was  twisted  spirally,  so 
that  the  leaves  were  placed  in  one  continuous  line. 

CORYLUS      COLURNA,      WITH     FOLIACEOUS 

Bracteoles. 


grown   from   Himalayan  seed.     He    observed    that  A  specimen  was  shown  by  Dr.  Masters,  in  which 


November  13.   1886. 


THE     GA  RDENERS'     CHR  ON  I  CLE. 


629 


the  two  usually  small  bracteoles  had  grown  out  to  a 
considerable  size. 

Figs. 

D'.  Masters  showed  leaves  from  a  tree  growing  on 
the  Roman  walls  at  Reculver,  and  said  to  have  been 
introduced  by  ttie  Romans  ;  but  it  was  a  form  of  F. 
Carica.  wilh  abortive  female  flowers,  and  not  the  male 
or  wild  Frg,  and  he  thought  it  more  hkely  to  have 
been  introduced  by  the  ecclesiastics  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  Mr.  Barron  had  identified  the  Fig  as  the 
Black  Provence.  He  also  showed  a  leaf  from  Car- 
dinal Pole's  Fig  from  Lambeth  Palace,  lately  de- 
scribed in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


Floral  Committee. 
Present  G.  F.  Wilson.  E*q.,  in  the  chair,  and 
Messrs.  Shirley  Hibberd,  W.  Wilks,  H.  Bennett,  W. 
Bealby,  G.  Duffield,  H.  Herbst,  T.  Baines,  W. 
Holmes,  C.  Noble,  H.  Ballantine,  J.  Dominy,  H. 
M.  Pollett,  J.  O'Brien,  Hugh  Low,  E.  Hill,  A.  F. 
Lendy,  G.  Paul,  and  H.  Cannell. 

Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P. ,  showed  Angrascum 
aviculare,  a  graceful  species,  carrying  racemes  of  white 
flowers,  the  spur  4  inches  long  and  curved. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  showed  Oplis- 
mentis  albidus,  a  variegated  Panicum-like  grass,  very 
dwarf,  the  foliage  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length  and 
acutely  pointed.  The  colour  is  white  with  a  green 
band  running  longitudinally  through  the  middle 
of  the  leaf.  Amaryllis  Lady  Mayoress,  crimson,  with 
reticulations  of  the  same  on  a  suffused  pink  ground,  each 
segment  having  a  broad  band  of  wliite  in  the  middle 
of  it;  Calanthe  hybrida,  a  strong  grower,  with  while 
flowers  ;  Zygopetalum  leopardinum,  a  small  established 
plant  with  a  new  break  or  two,  and  one  flower  ;  this  has 
sepals  and  petals  of  an  inch  long,  green,  spotted  with 
brown,  the  lip  purple,  margmed  and  dotted  with  white. 
Masdevallia  glaphyrantha.  a  small  flower  of  dull  purplish 
crimson,  the  tails  2  inches  long,  and  ydlow  lipped  ;  the 
plant  bore  one  flower.  A  number  of  new  varieties  of 
Chrysanthemums  were  also  shown,  comprising  some  of 
the  best  kinds  mentioned  in  our  account  of  ihe  flower  at 
this  nursery  (p.  622).  Amasonia  punicea  was  likewise 
shown  in  bloom. 

Mr.  Head,  Superintendent,  Crystal  Palace,  showed 
Clerodendron  nutans,  a  strong  growing  stove  shrub, 
with  straplike  foliage  6  inches  long  by  li  mch  wide  ;  the 
shoots  fnrnished  wilh  terminal  pendulous  clusters  of 
single  five-petalled  flowers,  while,  wilh  light  brown 
calyx.  This  is  a  showy,  graceful,  uncommon  looking 
subject,  worthv  the  regard  ol  gardeners. 

Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons.  Swanley,  showed  cut  blooms 
of  Chrysanthemums,  of  which  the  following  were  the 
best: — E.  Molyneux,  red-chestnutjof  bright  hue,  the 
reverse  of  the  florets  being  orange  ;  Rose  Favourite,  a 
tender  pale  flesh,  very  handsome  ;  Admiral  Sir  T. 
Symonds.  of  brilliant  yellow,  semi-double,  the  disc 
showing  an  orange  colour  ;  Jane,  a  white  thread  floret, 
and  the  same  characteristics  as  the  preceding  ;  Mrs. 
Cannell.  another  semi-double,  of  a  while  colour,  with  an 
open  disc  ;  Lucie  (Cullingford),  red-chestnut  colour  ; 
Lady  Dilke,  a  mauve-coloured  thread-petalled  flower  ; 
Thorpe  Junior,  yellow,  the  centre  florets  crumpled— a 
flattish,  reflexed  kind  ;  Mr.  |.  Mathews,  of  an  orange 
colour,  with  fiat  florets  ;  C.  L.  Teesdale.  a  flesh-coloured 
flower,  very  pale  of  hue,  with  the  centre  florets  yellow  ; 
Neatness,  a  quilled  pompon,  well  deserving  of  its  name. 
With  the  exception  of  the  last  named,  the  above  were  ol 
the  hybrid  Japanese  section. 

Mr.  Wright,  gr.  to  E.  H.  Watts,  Esq..  Devonhurst, 
Chiswick,  showed  Chrysanthemum  Thomas  Wright,  a 
while  sport  from  Queen  of  England,  beside  Empress  of 
Indii,  to  show  its  superiority  to  that  variety. 

Messrs.  Heath  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Cheltenham, 
showed  two  varieties  of  Ixoras,  Bestii  and  splendens,  but 
which,  however,  were  not  in  a  condition  for  us  to  be  able 
to  speak  as  to  their  merits. 

Mr.  Ross,  gr.  to  Sir  G.  Macleay,  Pendell  Court, 
Bletchingley.  showed  Pontederia  crashipes  var.  delicata, 
bearing  a  stout  flower-stalk,  surmounted  with  a  head  of 
pale  lilac  flowers. 

Mr.  H.  Simpkins,  gr.  to  R.  J.  Measures,  Esq..  Cam- 
bridge Lodge,  Camberwell,  showed  a  twin-flowered 
Cypripedium  insigne,  a  bloom  of  Cattleya  inarginata, 
with  fine  markings  on  sepals  and  petals  ;  C.  Gaskelliana 
autumnalis,  and  L?elia  prestans  rosea. 

Mr.  W.  Holmes,  Frampton  Nursery,  Hackney,  showed 
a  soft  rose-coloured  Japanese  Chrysanthemum,  Coquette 
de  Castile  ;  ihe  florets  are  tubular  and  slightly  reflexed 
— a  very  large  ^and  beautiful  flower,  and  as  to  colour 
remarkable. 

Mr.  W.  Bull  showed  Lady  Avenel,  white  and  mauve  ; 
Madame  Ghys.  of  a  light  mauve  ;  a  Japanese  Anemone, 
and  other  Chrysanlhemums. 

Mr.  Robert  Owen,  Boyne  Hill  Nurseries,  Maidenhead, 
showed  cut  blooms  of  v.irious  Chrysanthemums,  reflexed 
and  incurved  kinds,  and  also  blooms  of  the  annual  C. 
marginata.  Cloth  of  Gold,  of  pure  yellow. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Cowley,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Tautz.  Esq.,  Studley 
House,  Hammersmilh,  showed  Cypripedium  Lawrencea- 
t-umandC.  Leeanum  superbum,  the  latter  having  superbly 
developed  flowers. 

Mr.  R.  Clarke,  florist,  Twickenham,  staged  a  neat  lot 
of  plants  of  Cyclamen  in  flower,  consisting  of  his  fine 
strains  of  crimson,  white  and  crimson,  and  other  colours. 
A  Bronze  Banksian  Medal  was  awarded. 


G.  T.  Miles.  J.  E.  Lane,  J.  Woodbridge,  W.  Warren, 
A.  Sutton,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  H.  Weir,  P.  Crowley. 

\,  Messrs.  Lane  &  Son,  nurserymen.  Great  Berkham- 
stead,  showed  their  Apple  Prince  Albert,  receiving  a 
Cultural  Commendation  ;  a  similar  award  was  made  to 
Mr.  Roupell  for  three  varieties  of  Apples. 

A  seedling  Grape,  named  Miss  Clarke,  was  exhibited 
by  E.  Woodall,  Esq.,  of  Scarborough,  which  the  com- 
mittee desired  to  be  examined  more  fully  on  another 
occasion. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  showed  Apple  Bismarck,  and  a 
few  miscellaneous  items  of  minor  importance  were  shown. 

First-class  Certificates. 

To  Mr.  Head,  for  Clerodendron  nutans. 

To  Mr.  Ross,  for  Pontederia  crassipes  var.  delicata. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum  La 
France. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
(decorative)  Admiral  Sir  T.  Symonds. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
(decorative)  jane. 

To  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
(decorative)  Mrs.  Cannell. 


--i^>^ijM«=v#^iJSi^=^?<y^^!^fe 


To  Mr.  Holmes,  for  Chrysanthemum  (Japanese) 
Coquette  de  Castile. 

To  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  for  Angraecum  aviculare. 

To  G.  F.  Wilson.  Esq.,  for  Primula  capitata  major. 

To  Messrs.  I.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
White  Ceres. 

To  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
gloriosum. 

To  Messrs.  ].  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Chrysanthemum 
Phcebus. 

To  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  for  Amaryllis  Lady 
Mayoress. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present  :  T.   F.   Rivers,   Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;   and 
Messrs.  H.  Veitch,  J.  Smith,  G.  Norman,  J.  Burnett, 


CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOW    AT   THE 
CRYSTAL   PALACE  :    Nov.  5  and  6. 

Preparation  was  made  here  for  a  large  display 
of  cut  blooms  and  plants,  but  the  realisation  fell 
somewhat  short  of  the  anticipated  number  of  exhi- 
bits. We  heard  of  some  exhibitors  who  came  and 
saw  but  did  not  stay  to  conquer  or  to  be  defeated, 
ignominiously  beating  a  retreat  wilh  their  intended 
exhibits.  This  is  hard  on  the  arrangers  of  shows,  who 
prepare  space  according  to  announced  demands. 
With  regard  to  the  quality  of  the  blooms  we  can  but 
repeat  that  which  we  stated  last  week.  Most  of  the 
incurved  varieties  are  smaller  in  size  than  in  good 
years,  and  the  flowers  seem  in  many  cases  unable  to 


close  up  quite  fully  in  the  centre.  To  the  general 
public  who  are  mostly  not  "  kenners  "  the  beautiful 
and  quaint  forms  and  colours  of  the  Japanese  and 
reflexed  kinds  and  refined  form  of  the  incurved  afford 
all  the  gratification  that  is  sought  for,  leaving  to  the 
connoisseurs  all  discussion  as  to  perfect  form  and 
proper  size. 

The  groups  were,  we  think,  rather  in  excess  of 
what  we  usually  find  here,  and  were  mostly  composed 
of  nicely  bloomed  plants,  chiefly  of  the  Japanese 
section,  although  a  few  consisted  of  incurved  kinds 
only.  The  smaller  flowered  sections,  as  pompons, 
and  pompon  Anemones,  were  not  so  numerous,  but 
those  that  were  observed  were  of  the  useful  dwarf 
habit,  and  were  quite  bouquets  of  flowers. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Forty-eight  blooms,  twenty-four  incurved  and 
twenty-four  Japanese. — The  1st  prize  fell  to  Mr. 
Gibson,  gr.  to  J.  Wormald,  Esq.,  Morden  Park, 
Mitcham,  who  had  the  following  in  first-class  order : 
— Princess  of  Wales,  two  flowers.  Golden  Queen, 
Golden  Empress,  Hero  of  Stoke  Newington,  Jeanne 
d'Arc,  and  Empress  of  India  ;  the  Japanese  were 
Grandiflora,  Mrs.  Burnett,  a  fine  pale  flesh-coloured 
variety,  Comtesse  Beauregard,  Jeanne  Delaux,  Val 
d'Andorre,  Thunberg,  Elaine,  Boule  d'Or,  Fetnand 
Feral  and  Baron  de  Prailly.  The  2d  prize  was 
taken  by  Messrs.  W.  &  G.  Drover,  Faieham, 
Hants,  who  had  two  good  flowers  of  Val  d'Andorre, 
two  of  J.  Delaux,  Gloriosum,  a  beautiful  yellow,  the 
colour  of  Soliel  Levant,  of  which  kind  a  good  bloom 
was  ahn  seen  in  this  stand.  Mr.  J.  McKenzie,  gr.  to 
V.  S.  W.  Cornwallis,  Esq.,  Linton  Park,  Maidstone, 
took  the  3d  prize  with  large  flowers,  but  wanting  in 
finish  ;  Isabella  Bott.  a  pale  flesh-coloured  sort,  Alfred 
Siller,  Empress  of  India  and  Golden  Empress  were 
the  finest  of  the  stand  of  incurves,  and  F.  A.  Davis 
was  the  best  Japanese.  In  the  stand  taking  the  4th 
prize,  Mr.  M".  Sullivan,  gr.  to  D.  B.  Chapman,  Esq., 
Uownshite  House,  Roehampton,  had  two  very  fine 
Japanese  in  Martha  Hardy  and  Mad.  de  Sevir. 

Eighteen  incurved  varieties,  distinct.  —  Messrs. 
Drover,  Fareham,  took  the  1st  prize,  the  best  flowers 
being  A.  Salter,  Empress  of  India,  Queen  of  Eng- 
land, Mr.  W.  Shipman,  Princess  of  Wales,  G.  Glenny 
—small  but  of  good  form,  Baron  Beust,  Beauty— a  fine 
pale  lilac  ;  all  were  fairly  good  flowers,  but  small. 
Mr.  Horsefield,  gr.  to  Lord  Haytesbury,  lUytesbury, 
Wilts,  was  2d,  the  best  specimens  on  the  stand  being 
Queen  ol  England,  Teanne  d'Arc,  Princess  of  Wales, 
and  Isabella  Ward.  The  3d  prize  fell  to  Mr.  Spring- 
bitt,  Holly  Nursery,  Cheshunt,  the  best  blooms 
being  Lord  Wolseley,  John  Salter,  Mrs.  Heale,  and 
Jardin  des  Plantes. 

Twelve  incurved  varieties,  distinct. — This  class, 
always  well  contested,  brought  a  good  number  of 
competitors,  Mr.  J.  Gore,  gr.  to  Captain  Taylor, 
Glenleigh,  Hastings,  taking  the  1st  prize;  Golden 
Empress  ol  India  was,  perhaps,  Ihe  finest  bloom,  but 
the  following  were  not  far  behind  it  : — Princess  of 
Wales,  Empress  of  India,  Lord  Wolseley,  Lord 
Alcester,  Novelty  (a  good  French  white).  Lady  Har- 
dinge,  and  Hero  of  Stoke  Newington,  the  remainder 
being  of  medium  merit.  The  2d  prize  was  taken  by 
Mr.  J.  Wyatt,  gr.  to  J.  Percy,  Esq.,  Braddenhurst, 
Caterham  Valley,  wilh  a  nice  stand  of  even  blooms. 
Pink  Venus,  John  Salter,  and  Nil  Desperandum, 
being  the  finest. 

Six  incurved,  one  variety. — Here  Mr.  Wyatt  took 
1st,  wilh  a  fair.sized  well-built  flower,  the  centre  well 
filled,  of  Lord  Wolseley. 

Eighteen  Japanese  varieties,  distinct. — The  1st 
prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  Munro,  gr.  to  C.  J. 
Cean  Paul,  Esq.,  Cambridge  House,  Twickenham 
Meadows  ;  the  flowers  were  nearly  up  to  full  size,  but 
were  mostly  flat  on  the  top  :  the  best  were  Mr.  J. 
Laing,  F.  A.  Davis,  Marguerite  Marrouch,  Madame 
B.  Rendatler,  Comte  de  Germiny,  Comtesse  Beaure- 
gard, Madame  C.  Audiguier,  Val  d'Andorre,  Baron 
de  Prailly,  Criterion,  and  Bouquet  Fait.  The  2d 
prize  was  taken  by  Mr.  E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce, 
The  Firs,  Bassett,  Southampton ;  Japonaise,  Triomphe 
du  Nord,  Val  d'Andorre,  Thuntjerg,  and  Madame  C. 
Andiguier,  being  the  finest  specimens. 

Twelve  Japanese  varieties,  distinct. — This  was  the 
warmest  contested  class,  seventeen  lots  being  shown. 
The  1st  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  H.  Shoesmith,  gr, 
to  the  Rev.  Canon  Hodgson,  Saltwood  Rectory, 
Hythe,  a  fine  showy  collection,  consisting  of  Val 
d'Andorre,  Marguerite  Marrouch,  Boule  d'Or,  Mons, 
Ardenne,  Maiden's  Blush,  Madame  B.  Rendatler, 
Fernand  Feral,  Madame  Andiguier,  and  Mdlle. 
Lacroix.  Mr.  F.  Moore,  gr. ,  Blendon  Hall,  Bex- 
ley,  was  2d ;  in  his  stand  the  finest  were  Mons. 
Delaux,  Thunberg,  F.  A.  Davis,  Comtesse  Beau- 
regard, and  Comte  de  Germiny. 

Twelve  Anemone-flowered  varieties,  not  less  than 
eight  varieties,  or  more  than  two  of  a  sort,  Japanese 
not  being  admissible. — Mr.  Sullivan,  Roehampton, 
took  the  1st  prize  with  middling  examples  ;  the  best 
of  them  were  Reine  des  Avelons,  of  a  pretty  mauve 
colour;  Gliick,  Lady  Margaret,  a  very  large  one; 
Marguerite  d'Anjou,  Fleur  de  Marie,  Georges  Sand, 


630 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


iNOVEMBER    13      18S6. 


and  Empress.  There  were  fifteen  cotnpetilors  in  ihis 
class. 

Twelve  reflextd,  not  less  th.in  tight,  and  not  more 
than  two  of  any  vaiiely.— The  competition  ran  very 
close  between  the  two  first  competitors,  but  even- 
tually F.  W.  Flight,  Eq.,  Corrsliles,  Twjford,  was 
awarded  the  1st  prize,  the  fine  flowers  in  his  stand 
being  Cullirgfordi,  Emperor  of  China,  Madame 
Tezier,  Chevalier  Uomage,  King  of  Crimsons,  Peach 
Christine,  Dr.  Sharp,  Cloth  o(  Gold  ;  the  2d  going 
to  Mr.  Wills,  Bassetl— Cloih  of  Gold,  Chevalier 
Domage,  Cullingfordi,  Mrs.  Forivth,  and  Dr.  Sharpe, 
being  his  best.     Sixteen  competitors  entered  this  class. 

F.  W.  Flight,  Esq.,  took  the  1st  prize  for  twelve 
pompons,  and  Mr,  J.  Goie  that  for  twelve  pcropcn 
Anemones. 

The  Groups. 

The  collections  arranged  for  elTect  on  not  less  thin 
100  square  feet,  consisting  of  incurved  varieties  only, 
with  pompons  permissible  as  face  plants,  made  a  good 
show  ;  but  as  far  as  brilliant  colour  was  concerned, 
the  preference  must  be  given  to  groups  of  correspond- 
ing dimensions  composed  of  J-ipanese  varieties.  All 
were  showy  mote  or  less,  and  contributed  krgely  10 
the  beauty  of  the  show.  The  groups  were  formed  at 
salient  corners,  on  either  side  of  the  nave. 

The  competition  for  six  trained  specimens  was  con- 
sested  by  only  one  person— Mr.  Cherry,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Gabriel,  Norfolk  House. 

The  class  for  six  trained  Japanese  varieties  was  com- 
peted for  by  only  two  persons  ;  and  the  other  remain- 
ing minor  classes  for  small  numbers  of  pot  plants 
laded  to  get  well  responded  to. 

Some  fairly  well  bloomed  Chinese  Primula=,  red 
and  white,  were  staged,  but  call  for  no  comment. 

Carnations  by  Mr.  C.  Edwards,  Pine  apples  by 
F.  \V.  Smith,  Esq.,  and  a  few  Begonia  (tuberous) 
blooms  from  Messrs.  John  Laing  cSc  Co.,  comprised 
the  remainder  of  the  exhibits. 

The  names  of  exhibitors  not  mentioned  in  the 
foregoing  who  took  prizes  will  be  found  in  the  annexed 
list  of  awards. 

Cut   Flowers   (Open.) 

Twelve   incurved  varieties,    distinct. — 2d,    Mr.    J. 

Wyatt,   gr.   to  \.  Periy,    E^q  ,   Braddenhurst,   Cater- 

ham  Valley  ;  3d,  Mr.  E.  S.  Cole,  gr.  to  W.   Pethick, 

Eq  ,  J.  P.,  Woodside,  Sneyd  Park,  Bristol. 

Six  incurved,  one  variety.— 2ci,  Mr.  M.  Russell, 
gr.  to  Dr.  C.  F.  Lewis,  Broomficld,  Henfield,  Sussex  ; 
3d,  Mr.  A.  Holmes,  gr.  to  A.  B.  Hill,  Esq.,  South 
Road,  Clapham  Park. 

Eighteen  Japanese  varieties,  distinct.— 3d,  Mr.  H. 
W.  Ward,  gr.  to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Eiil  of  Radnor, 
Longford  Casth,  Salisbury. 

Twelve  Japanese  varieties,  distinct.- 3d.  Mr.  E. 
S.  Cole,  gr.  to  W.  Pethick,  Esq.,  J. P.,  Woodside, 
Sneyd  Park,  Bristol. 

Six  Japanese,  one  variety. —  1st,  Mr.  C.  Gibson, 
tr.  to  J.  Wormald,  Esq.,  Morden  Park,  near  Mitcbam  ; 
2d,  Mr.  A.  Elphick,  gr.  to  J.  Glutton,  Efq.,  The 
Oichard,  Keigale  ;  3d,  Mr.  U.  Shoesmith,  gr.  to  Rev. 
Canon  Hodgson,  Saltwood  Rectory.  Hythe,  Kent. 

Twelve  rtflexed,  not  less  than  eight  varieties  or 
more  than  two  of  one  sort.- 1st,  F.  W.  Flight,  E-q,, 
Cornsliles,  Twyford  (gr.,  Mr.  W.  Neville)  ;  2d,  Mr. 
E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The  Firs.  Basselt, 
Southampton  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Gibson,  gr.  to  J.  Wormald, 
Esq.,  Morden  Park,  near  Mitcham. 

Twelve  Anemone-flowered,  not  less  than  eight 
varieties  or  more  than  two  of  one  sort,  Japanese  not 
admissille.-ist,  Mr.  M.  Sullivan,  gr.  to  D.  Chap- 
man, E'q.,  Downshire  House,  Ri;ehampton  ;  2d, 
Mr.  F.  Mooie.  The  Gardens,  Blendon  Hall,  Bexley  ; 
3I,  Mr.  C.  Penlord,  gr.  to  General  Sir  F.  Fiiz- 
wjgram,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Leigh  Paik,  Havant. 

Twelve  pompon,  distinct,  three  blooms  cf  each.— 
1st,  F.  W.  Flight,  Esq.,  Cornsliles,  Twyloid  (gr., 
Mr.  W.  Neville)  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Duncan,  gr.  to  C.  T. 
Lucas,  Esq.,  Warnham  Couit,  Hoisham  ;  3d,  Mr. 
J.  Gore,  gr.  to  Captain  Taj  lor,  Glenleigh,  near 
Hastings. 

Twelve  pompon  Anemone,  not  less  than  eight 
varieties  or  more  than  two  bunches  of  a  sort,  three 
blooms  of  each. --1st,  Mr.  J.  Gore,  f.i .  to  Captain 
Taylor,  Glenleigh,  near  Hastings  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Howes, 
Tulse  Hill  House,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  Brixton  :  3d, 
Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq., 
Hanger  Hill  Plouse,  Ealing. 

Six  Japanese  Anemone,  not  less  than  three  varieties 
or  more  than  two  of  a  sort.  — Is,  Mr.  C.  Gibson,  gr. 
to  J.  Wormald,  i;sq.,  Morden  Park,  near  ^^ilcham  ; 
2d,  Messrs.  W,  &  G.  Drover,  Fareham,  Hants  ;  3d, 
Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  gr.  to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of 
Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  Salisbury. 

Twelve  singles,  distinct,  three  blooms  of  each.  —  1st, 
Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger 
Hill  House,  Ealing;  2d,  no  competition;  3d,  no 
ccropetition. 

Pot  Plants  (Open). 

Collection,  arranged  for  effect,  in  group  not  less 
than  100  square  feet,  incurved  varieties  only  (may  be 


faced  with  pompon).  — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Townsend,  Provi- 
dence Nursery,  Gardeners'  L-'ne,  Putney;  2d,  Mr. 
N.  Davis,  Caniberwell  ;  3H,  Messrs.  J.  Liirg  &  C'-., 
Stanslcad  Paik,  Forest  Hill. 

Collection,  arranged  for  liTect  in  group  not  less 
than  ICO  square  feet,  Japanese  varieties  only  (may  be 
faced  with  pompon).  — 1st,  Mr.  G.  Edwards,  Balham 
Nurseiy,  London  ;  2d,  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co,, 
Slanstead  Park,  Forest  Hill ;  3d,  Mr.  N.  Davis, 
Caniberwell. 

Amateurs. 

Collection  arranged  for  elTect  in  group  not  less  than 
50  square  feel,  any  sot  (amateurs  only).- 1st  Mr.  W. 
Webster,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Croll,  Mavis  Bank,  Gijnge 
Road,  Upper  Norwood  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Howes,  Tulse 
Hill  House,  Upper  Tu'se  Hill,  Brixton  ;  3d,  Mr.  F. 
Ball,  gr.  to  H.  DoultOD,  Esq.,  The  Woodlands, 
Tooling  Common. 

Six  trained  specimens,  incurved  varieties,  distinct, 
grown  in  pots  not  exceeding  12  inches.  — 1st,  Mr.  E. 
Cherry,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Gabriel,  Norfolk  House,  Streat- 
ham.     No  other  competitor. 

Four  trained  specimens,  incurved  varieties,  distinct, 
grown  in  pots  not  exceeding  12  inches.  —  1st,  Mr.  C. 
Portway,  gr.  to  B.  B.  Portall,  Esq  ,  Daventry  House, 
Upper  Tooting;  2d,  Mr.  G.  iCinson,  gr.  to  L. 
Luders,  Esq.,  Claremont,  Alleyn  Park,  West 
Dulwich  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Griffin,  Gothic  Lodge,  Charles 
Street,  Sydenham. 

Six  trained  specimens,  Japanese  varieties,  distinct, 
grown  in  pots  not  exceeding  12  inches.  —  1st,  M'.  A. 
Tomalin,  gr.  to  G.  White,  Esq.,  Oakwood,  Crayforr', 
Kent  ;  2d,  Mr.  C.  Portway,  gr.  to  B.  B.  Poitall, 
Esq.,  Daventry  House,  Upper  Tooting. 

Four  trained  specimens.  Japanese  varieties,  distinct, 
grown  in  pots  not  exceeding  12  inches.  —  1st,  no 
competition  ;  2d,  no  competition  ;  3!,  Mr.  W.  Cuiflin, 
Gothic  Lodge,  Charles  Street,  Sydenham. 

Six  trained  specimens,  pompon  varieties,  distinct, 
grown  in  pots  not  exceeding  12  inches.  —  1st,  Mr.  C. 
Portway,  gr.  to  B.  B.  Portall,  E'q.,  Diventry  House, 
Upper  Tooting  ;  2d,  withheld  ;  3d,  withheld  ;  extra 
prize,  ^i,  Mr.  E.  Cheny,  gr.  to  Mrs,  Gabriel, 
Norfolk  House,  Stre.atham. 

Twelve  Chinese  Primulas,  reds.  — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Rod- 
bourn,  gr.  to  Baroness  Heath,  Coombe  House, 
Croydon  ;  2d,  withheld  ;  31,  withheld. 

Twelve  Chinese  Primulas  whites.  — 1st.  Mr.  J. 
Howes,  Tulse  Hill  House,  Upper  Tulse  Hill;  2d, 
Mr.  J.  Rodhourn,  gr.  to  Baroness  Heath,  Coombe 
House,  Croydon  ;  3  1,  Mr.  J.  Little,  gr.  to  D.  Link, 
Esq  ,  Fairligh',  The  Avenue,  B^ckenham. 


KINGSTON   AND   SURBITON  :  Nov    9 
and  10. 

Pr  is  well  for  this  Society  that  it  has  so  capacious 
a  building  as  the  Drill  Hall  into  which  to  place  iis 
considerable  number  of  exhibits,  but  if  the  show 
continues  to  grow  at  its  present  rate,  it  is  evident 
that  ere  other  ten  jears  have  elapsed  some  expansion 
of  the  Drill  Hall  will  be  needed  to  accommodate  it. 
In  every  part  the  staging  or  floor  space  allotted  to 
the  exhibits  was  packed  and  the  arrangement  so 
good  and  eflective  that  as  a  fljral  <oiip  d\iil,  the 
show  could  not  have  been  excelled.  Without  excep- 
tion, the  Kingston,  if  not  the  largest,  yet  remains 
one  of  the  very  best  and  most  striking  of  all  our  Chiy- 
santhemum  exhibitions. 

On  this  occasion  Chrysanthemum  groups  were  of 
very  good  quality.  Trained  plants  were  more  than 
usually  numerous  and  good.  Cut  flowers  were  showu 
in  great  numbers,  and  if  the  incurved  kinds  lacked  the 
fine  quality  seen  in  previous  years,  at  least  they  were 
good  for  the  season,  whilst  the  Japanese  flowers  weie 
exceptionally  fine  and  beautiful. 

p'ruit,  tco,  was  excellent — Apples  and  Pears  .alwajs 
are  shown  well  here  ;  whilst  a  couple  of  new  classes 
for  black  and  white  Grapes  brought  good  competition 
and  some  capital  exhibits. 

Cut  Flowers. 
The  premier  class  here  is  that  for  the  Challenge 
Vase,  the  present  one  being  the  fourth  one  cITered, 
and  competed  for  the  first  time.  The  absence  of  Mr. 
Molyneux,  who  has  won  the  two  previcui  vases  left 
the  competition  all  the  more  open,  and  it  was  wiih 
considerable  satisfaction  that  we  saw  that  capital 
grower,  Mr.  Gibson,  gr.  to  J.  Woimald,  Esq.,  Moiden 
Paik,  placed  1st.  His  twenty-four  Japanese  blooms 
comprised  good  samples  ol  J.  Delaux,  Ciiieiion,  Baron 
de  frailly.  Golden  Dragon,  Madame  Lacroix,  grandi- 
floia,  Madame  C.  Andiguier,  Feinand  I'eral,  and 
Meg  Meriilles.  The  best  incurved  in  the  twenty- four 
blooms  were  Princess  of  Wales,  Empress  of  India, 
Golden  Empress,  Lord  Wobcley,  Princess  Teck, 
John  Salter,  Refulgence,  and  Yellow  Perfection. 
Mr.  Coombs,  gr.  to  W.  Tuike,  Esq.,  Teddington, 
came  2d,  having  of  J  apanese  line  Soleil  Levant,  Boule 
d'Or,  Madame  C  Audiguier,  Flamme  de  Ponch, 
Bouquet  Fait,  and  Rose  Poulelte.  Messrs.  W.  & 
G.  Drover,  Farehani,  weie  a  good  3d— a  sliong  posi- 


tion out  of  eight  lots  in  competition,  and  their  slands 
held  many  capital  flowers.  Mr.  C.  Beckett,  Juniper 
Hill,  Doiking,  was  4ih. 

A  good  class  was  one  for  t*elve  Japanese  and 
I welve  incurved,  limited  to  growers  wiihin  the  Poor 
Law  district  (  f  Kingston.  There  were  six  lot;  staged, 
and  Mr.  W.  Smiih,  gr.  to  J.  F.  Schwann,  E=q., 
Wiml.lon,  was  a  gord  1st  wiih  leading  kinds  ;  Mr. 
G  King.  gr.  to  Mrs.  Fe",  Esher,  was  2i  ;  and  Mr. 
Coombs  3d.  In  Mr.  Smith'e  s'and  was  a  very  elegant 
r.  fl;xed,  thread  pe  ailed  fl  jwer  of  Madame  Andiguier, 
shoeing  not  only  remaikahle  quality,  but  also  how 
remarkably  thi  f  fine  kind  will  \ary  in  form. 

Ouly  four  lo  s  were  shown  in  the  class  lor  Iwenly. 
four  incurved  blooms,  Mr.  Coombs  coming  1st  ;  Mr. 
Woodgate,  Warden  II  .'jse,  Kingston,  and  Mr  G. 
Line,  Maylield,  Cheam,  were  2I  and  3  1-  The  best 
1 1 10ms  in  the  stands  wtri  leanne  d'.\rc.  Prince 
Alfred,  Biron  B;u5t,  Lord  Wolseley,  Mrs.  lleale. 
Lady  Slade,  Piincess  of  Wales,  Novelty,  Tudindes 
Plantes,  Empiess  ol   India,  and  Barbara. 

There  were  fine  lots  of  twelve  bloom?,  Mr.  R. 
Cawte,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Robinson,  Esq.,  coming  1st  ;  Mr. 
Thorne,  gr.  to  C.  A  Fl  iwer,  E  q  ,  Walton,  and  Mr. 
Cirter,  gr.  to  Alderman  Evans,  were  2  1  and  3d.  The 
blooms  here  were  chiefly  repetitions  of  those  already 
named. 

Mr.  C.  Slade,  gr.  to  Lady  R  iwater,  Richmond 
Park,  had  the  best  six  blooms,  fine  but  flattish 
flowers  of  Golden  Cl<ie.e.n,  Empress  ol  India,  Clo'den 
Empress,  Lord  Alcester,  Lord  Wolseley,  and  Prince 
Alfred. 

With  six  bloom;  of  one  kind,  G  ilden  Empress,  like 
lumps  of  butter,  came  from  Mr.  Munro,  Cam- 
bridge House,  Twickenham  ;  fair  Jeanne  d'Arc 
coming  2d  and  3d. 

An  interesting  diss  was  that  for  six  blooms,  open 
only  to  those  growers  who  had  not  previously  taken  a 
prize  at  the  show.  There  were  nine  lots  staged,  the 
best  coming  from  Mr.  C.  Line,  Mr.  Thorne  coming 
2l,  and  Mr.  Hawkes,  Kingston,  3!  ;  some  very  good 
blooms  indeed  weie  shown  in  this  class,  which  was 
one  of  great  promise. 

Turning  now  to  the  Japanese  classes  a  remarkably 
fine  lot  of  Lloom  w.is  ioun  1  in  the  one  for  twenty- 
four,  there  being  no  fewer  than  eight  lots.  Here  Mr. 
King  was  1st,  wiih  some  grand  flowers,  including 
Mad.  C.  Audiguier.  Criterion,  Baron  de  Frailly,  Mons. 
Astorg,  Ailequin,  E'aine,  Val  d'Andcrre,  F.  A.  Davis, 
Joseph  Mahood,  Mrs.  Burnett,  Mdlle.  Lacroix,  John 
Liing,  and  Sileil  Levant,  a  thoroughly  first  rate  lot 
of  blooms  ;  Mr.  Child,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Slade,  Claygate, 
was  2d,  having  in  his  stand  the  Daimio,  Alba  plena, 
Mons.  N.  Davi-,  a  chestnut  reflexed  flower  ; 
Thunberg,  and  Japonai^e,  all  excellent ;  Mr.  Munio 
was  3d. 

There  were  nine  lots  in  the  class  for  twelve 
Tipanese- Mr.  W.  Smith,  Mr.  Holden,  Es,her,  and 
Mr.  Duncan,  Horsham,  taking  the  prizes  with 
excellent  flowers. 

With  six  Japanese  of  one  kind  Mr.  King  came  lit 
with  Mad.  C.  Audiguier,  fairly  good. 

In  the  newcomers'  class  for  six  Japanese,  nine  lots 
being  staged,  Mr.  Waite,  Esher,  was  a  good  1st,  w.th 
some  excellent  bloom;  of  Comie  de  Germiny,  Elaine, 
Fanny  Biucharlat,  BjuquetFait,  Mad.  R.  Rendatler, 
and  M.)d,  D.;iaux. 

Of  reflexed  flowers  there  were  six  slands  of  a 
dozen,  Mr.  Carpenler  having  the  best  blooms— all 
really  good— in  Cloth  ol  Gold,  Chevalier  Domage, 
Mr.  F'orsyth,  Pii.k  and  Golden  Christine,  Dr.  Sharpe, 
and  King  of  Cr.msons  ;  Mr.  Coombs  was  2d,^  ii- 
cluding  in  his  stand  good  blooms  of  his  new  kind, 
Amy  Fuize,  King  of  Crimsons,  and  Beauie  du  Nord  ; 
Mr.  A.  Carter  was  3d. 

Anemor.e-flowered  kinds  were  well  shown,  the  best 
coming  Ircm  Mr.  Gibson,  who  had  capital  Fleur 
de  Matie,  Lady  Margaret,  Mrs.  Pethers,  Acquisition, 
and  G:orges  Sand. 

Only  two  lots  of  Japan  Anemones  weie  staged, 
Mr.  Child  having  some  superb  blooms  of  Madame 
Clos,  Madame  Berthe  Pigny,  l''abias  de  Maderansz, 
Madame  Cabrol,  and  Souvenir  Dorothe  Souille  ;  Mr. 
Carpenter  was  2d. 

Of  pompon  kinds  only  one  lot  was  staged  in  the 
open  class,  from  Mr.  Clark,  gr.  to  A.  Nagle,  E-q., 
Kingston — fairly  good  flowers,  in  bunches.  This 
falling  off  in  the  pretty  pompon  class  is  much  to  be 
deplored. 

With  Anemone  pompons  Mr.  Coombs  was  1st  with 
good  trebles  of  Mr.  Asiie.  Regulus,  Madame  Montcls, 
Marie  Stuait,  &c  ;  Mr.  Claik  was  2d.  There  were 
numerous  entries  in  small  local  classes,  the  which 
do  not  here  cill  for  mention. 

Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  reflexed  Amy 
I'urse,  a  large,  full,  almost  conical  flower,  rather 
paler  than  Pink  Christine,  a  sort  of  fawn-white, 
shown  by  Mr.  Coomb--.  Also  to  Messrs.  Jackson 
&  Son,  lor  Moonlight,  a  Japanese  which  maybe  well 
described  as  a  white  Madame  Audiguier,  and  a 
capital  addition  10  ihe  white  Japanese  incurved 
flowers-  Also  for  Ralph  Brocliiebank,  a  hmon- 
coloured  sport  from  Meg  Merrilees,  but  having  all 
the  sprawling  looseness  of  that  old  variety.  This  was 
shown  by  Mr,  R.  Brocklebank,  of  Liverpool. 


November  ij.  iSS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


631 


Plants  in  Pots. 

The  groups  and  specimen  plants  formed  a  great 
feilureof  the  exhibition,  m  several  case?  the  plants 
being  such  as  are  not  often  seen.  There  was  a 
large  and  close  competition  in  the  class  for  the  beit 
collection  of  Chrysanthemums  to  occupy  not  more  than 
50  square  feet  ;  quality  and  effect  to  be  the  leading 
features.  The  croups  were  of  very  meritorious  prc- 
ilucions,  especially  that  of  Mr.  W.  Smith,  gr.  to 
J.  F.  Schwann,  Esq.,  Wimbledon,  which  received  the 
highest  award.  The  general  appearance  was  one  of 
compactness,  each  blooin  being  large,  of  good  form 
and  the  coloars  brilliint.  The  arrangement  was  cer- 
tiinly  creditable,  and  great  taste  was  displayed  in 
blending  and  balancing  the  colours.  There 
were  some  tine  specimens  of  Mrs.  Dixon  and 
Val  d'Andorre.  The  2d  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
C.  Orchard,  gr.  to  W.  M.  Cimpbell,  E-q  ,  Coombe 
Ridge,  for  a  group  inferior  to  the  i^t  only  on  account 
of  the  want  of  size  in  many  of  the  flowers,  the  colours 
being  quite  as  brilliant  as  in  the  former.  Mr.  If.  II. 
Pitcher,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Djnnage,  Surbiton,  was  3d,  his 
group  being  weak  in  the  arrangement,  the  quality 
good. 

Mr.  G.  King,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Few,  E,her,  had  the  best 
six  trained  incurved  specimens,  and  crrried  olT  ihe 
premier  award  in  the  class  withexcellent  flints,  about 
5  feet  in  diameter,  all  elegantly  trained  and  well 
flowered,  they  included  five  specimens  of  Mrs.  Dixon, 
John  Siller,  Lady  llardinge,  and  George  Glenny. 
tiood  cultivation  was  evidenced,  and  the  plants  were 
heavily  laden  with  blooms  of  good  form.  The  2d  prize 
fell  to  Mr.  C.  Beckett,  Juniper  Hdl,  Doiking,  whose 
specimens  would  ha^e  looked  much  better  away  from 
those  of  Mr.  King.  He  had  as  bis  finest  plants  Mis. 
Dixon,  George  Glenny,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  Mr.  C<. 
Rundle.  With  smaller  plants  of  good  quality  Mr. 
II.  Trussbr,  gr,  to  G.  Shand,  E-q.,  took  3  1. 

1q  the  class  for  three  similar  specimens  the  lit 
honours  were  awarded  to  Mr.  R.  Cawte,  whose  plants 
of  Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  George  Cilenny,  and  Mrs.  Dixon, 
efpeciallv  the  last,  were  very  creditable.  This  ex- 
hibitor also  had  the  best  single  trained  specimen  in- 
curved, taking  ihe  1st  prize  with  a  neatly  trained  and 
well  flowered  Mrs.  G.  Rundle.  With  the  same  variety 
Mr,  King  was  a  close  2d. 

Three  distinct  standards  were  best  shown  by  Mr.  C. 
Beckett,  the  varieties  being  Chinaman,  Mrs.  Ir. 
Rundle,  and  Mrs.  Dixon,  all  good  plants,  meriting 
the  award,  and  far  outdistancing  their  competitors. 

In  the  class  for  three  trained  Japanese,  there  was  a 
close  competition  between  Mr.  R.  Cawte  and  Mr.  C. 
Beckett,  the  highest  award  eventually  being  taken  by 
the  former  exhibitor.  In  both  cases  fine  plants  were 
shown,  bearing  a  profu.inn  of  large.  I  right,  and  clear 
blooms.  Mr.  Cawte's  plants  were  Orphee,  M.  Blanc, 
and  Mdme.  B.  Rendatler,  while  those  in  the  2d  prize 
lot  were  Mdlle.  Lacroix,  M.  Tarin,  and  Chinaman. 
Mr.  G,  King  was  awarded  the  3d  prize  for  creditable 
examples. 

Mr.  Cawte  and  Mr,  King  were  i^t  and  2d  in  the 
order  of  their  names  for  a  single  trained  Japanese 
plant.  Mr.  Cawte's  plant  of  Pe'er  the  Great  was 
well  flowered  but  laher  too  stillly  trained.  Th: 
flowers  of  La  Nymphe,  the  plant  shown  by  Mr. 
King,  were  not  of  uniform  s'ze,  owing  to  their  being 
so  many  on  the  plan*. 

For  six  trained  specimen  pompons,  Mr.  Cawte  was 
again  to  the  fore,  showing  remarkably  good  plants  of 
Marguerite  de  Coi,  Kosinante,  Miss  Nightingale,  and 
Ade  e  Prisette,  each  one  having  numerous  clear  and 
large  flowers  ;  Mr.  J.  Child,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Blade,  Clay- 
gate,  was  a  close  2d  with  lightly  trained  plants, 
having  as  his  best  good  samples  of  Rosinante, 
Fanny  and  Prince  of  Orange;  a  close  3!  was  mate 
by  Mr.  C.  Beckett,  with  not  quite  so  floriferous  plants 
as  were  shown  in  the  1st  and  2d  lots.  The  plan's 
throughout  this  class  were  above  the  average.  This 
last  competitor  had  the  best  single  trained  pompon, 
the  variety  being  Fanny  ;  the  training  was  light,  and 
the  cultivation  good.  For  a  good  plant,  but  more 
stiffly  set  up,  Mr.  Read  was  2d  ;  and  he  also  took  the 
highest  award  in  the  class  for  three  trained  specimens, 
with  well  flowered  medium  sized  plants. 

There  were  some  plants  in  pots  shown  by  cottagers, 
which  reflected  great  merit  on  the  cultivators  ;  they, 
however,  do  not  call  for  particular  comment. 

Miscellaneous. 

There  was  good  competition  for  the  prizes  offered 
for  a  group  of  miscellaneous  plants,  arranged  for 
eftect,  not  to  exceed  100  square  feet.  The  best  group 
was  set  up  by  Mr.  G.  Fitsell,  gr.  to  G.  R.  Geavc, 
Esq.,  Twickenham.  This  was  a  fine  group,  very 
lightly  and  tastefully  airrnged  ;  it  consisted  chiefly  of 
Crotons,  Dracaenas,  various  Palms,  Caladiums,  &c  . 
on  a  light  green  ground  formed  by  Adiantums,  the 
wh  lie  being  edged  by  a  dark  green  moss  which  com- 
pletely hid  the  pots,  and  contrasted  with  the  colour 
of  the  Ferns.  Additional  elegance  and  lightness  was 
lent  by  the  judicious  placing  of  Ericas,  Bouvardias, 
Chrysanthemums,  and  a  few  plants  of  Cypripedium 


insigne.  Mr.  II.  Trussler  was  2d,  for  a  very  similar 
group,  but  containing  more  flowering  plants,  the 
arrangement  not  being  so  light  as  in  the  other.  Mr, 
R.  Cawte  was  3d,  with  good  plants. 

Various  decorative  pl.rnts  were  well  shown,  and 
included  Capsicums.  Piimuhs,  Cyclamen,  &c. 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenham,  exhibited  a 
small  collection  of  their  winter-flowering  Carnations, 
which  was  Commended  by  the  juJges. 

FliUIT. 

This  was  well  represented,  especially  as  regards 
Grapes.  The  best  three  bunches  of  black  Grapes 
came  from  Mr.  Griflin,  gr.  to  Miss  Chrysty,  Coombe 
Bank  ;  the  stand  consisted  of  three  fine  bunches  of 
Blick  Alicinle,  well  and  evenly  finished,  and  of  a 
good  colour.  Mr.  W.  Smith  was  2d,  with  larger 
bunches  of  the  same  variety,  but  not  so  well  finished  ; 
Mr.-  Dockerill,  gr.  to  G.  W.  Palmer,  E;q  ,  Reading, 
was  3I,  with  good  small  bunches  ;  he  was  the  most 
success^'ul  exhibitor  of  white  Grapes,  his  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  being  of  a  rich  colour,  the  bunches  and 
berries  large.  Mr,  Smith  was  a  close  2d  with  the 
same  v.-riety. 

Mr.  George,  10,  Victoria  Riad,  Putney,  showed  a 
basket  of  Grape  Gros  Colmar  (not  for  comp'!tition), 
which  were  very  large  in  the  berry. 

Apples  were  best  shown  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Reed,  his 
fruit  being  clean  and  sound,  a  very  pretty  Apple  in 
his  collection  was  Small's  Victoria,  of  a  rich  golden 
yellow  colour. 

Mr.  Rogers,  gr.  to  S.  C.  Wilde,  Esq.,  Cheam, 
received  the  1st  prize  for  Pears,  his  collection  of  four 
dishes  containing  two  of  cooking  Pears.  It  seemed 
rather  peculiar  that  it  should  have  received  the  award 
when  there  were  several  lots  of  good  dessert  Pears  as 
in  the  2d  ptize  lot  of  Mr.  Lamb. 


NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY:   Nov.   10  and   11. 

The  season  for  the  Chrysanthemum  in  the  Home 
Counties  culminated  in  the  very  fine  show  held  at  the 
Aquarium,  Westminster,  on  the  days  named.  As  a 
whole  the  show  is  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  quite  the 
largest,  held  here,  in  which  the  Chrysanthemum 
held  the  field.  We  cannot  say  that  mare  skill  is 
shown  this  year  in  the  cultivation  of  the  specimens 
observed  in  pots,  but  it  must  be  allowed  that  the 
greater  numbers  of  the  Japanese  varieties  shown,  and 
their  greater  showiness  as  compared  with  other  kinds, 
add  much  to  the  brilliancy  and  interest  of  the  show. 
The  works  of  distorted  art  seen  in  the  growing  of 
pompons  and  others  on  enormous  shields  of  wire  and 
sticks,  is  gradually  giving  way  to  a  more  common- 
sense  way  of  growing  the  plants,  consequently  there 
were  but  few  seen,  and  it  is  likely  we  shall  see  still 
fewer  another  season. 

Cut  blooms  were  not  so  large  a;  usual,  but  were, 
on  the  whole,  of  excellent  quality.  The  minor  com- 
petitions show  a  decided  increase  on  former  years,  and 
the  competition  in  the  big  classes  shows  no  waning. 

The  vegetable  collections  shown  were  numerous, 
as  were  the  competing  and  non-competing  classes  in 
fruits,  some  of  the  best  amateurs  and  trade  growers 
showing  largely. 

Grapes  in  tiiflferent  vaiieties  were  plentiful,  and 
comprised  some  excellent  examples,  especially  of 
Gros  Colmar  and  Barbarossa. 

Groups  of  foliage  plants  were  well  represented,  and 
plants  for  dinner-table  decoration  were  conspicuous 
by  their  numbers. 

Pot  Plants. 

Groups  ofjapanese  Chrysanthemums,  60  square 
f-et,  and  not  less  than  twenty  varieties.  —  1st,  Mr.  G. 
Edwards,  Balham  Nurseries,  a  compactly  arranged 
group,  consisting  of  well  bloomed  plants  of  well 
known  kinds,  fairly  well  feathered  with  foliage,  and 
ranging  in  height  from  3;  to  5  feet  ;  2d,  Mr.  f. 
Townsend,  Providence  Nursery,  Gardeners'  Lane, 
Putney,  a  lot  of  well  flowered  plants  of  from  2  to 
6  feet  in  height,  the  colours  well  varied  ;  3d,  Mr,  W. 
Brown,  St.  Mary's  Nursery,  Richmond,  with 
plants  of  greater  height  than  the  former,  small;  r 
tiowers,  leggy,  and  bare  of  foliage,  but  bright  with 
plenty  of  bloom. 

•  iroup  of  Chrysanthemums,  Japanese  varieties,  ex- 
cluded other  conditions  similar  to  those  of  previous 
class.  —  1st,  Mr.  G.  Stevens,  nurseryman.  Putney, 
with  plants  loaded  with  good  bloom,  well  chosen  as 
to  colour,  the  front  of  the  group  well  filled  with 
pompon  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Townsend,  a  group  of 
tall  plants,  having  large  well  developed  flowers  and 
abundant ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  II.  Wittey,  gr.  London 
Cemetery  Company,  the  plants  of  medium  quality 
only. 

Nine  trained  specimens,  large  flowered  varieties  in 
pots,  not  exceeding  12  inches. — 1st,  Mr.  Monk,  gr. 
to  Mr.  W.  Fowler,  Forest  Nursery,  Leytonstone, 
whose  plants  consisted  of  Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  J.  Salter, 
Dr.  Sharpe,  the  finest  bloomed  specimen  in  the  show  ; 
Lady  Hardioge,  Golden  G,  Glenny,  Mrs.  G.  Glenny, 


and  Prince  of  Wales.  2d,  Mr.  R.  Bass,  gr.  to  Miss 
A.  Cotton,  The  Pastures,  Leytonstone,  a  creditable 
display,  but  showing  too  evidently  the  art  of  Ihe 
trainer;  3!,  Mr.  J.  Weston,  gr.  to  Dr,  Martineau, 
South  Road,  Clapham  Park,  whose  plants  were  fur- 
nished with  very  fine  large  blooms,  especially  the 
sorts  Lord  Alcester  and  Princess  of  Wales. 

Four  standard  trained  specimens,  large-flowered 
varieties,  in  pots  not  larger  than  12  inches.  —  1st,  Mr. 
J.  Mitchell,  gr,  to  Mrs.  Arbuthnot,  Bogden  Place, 
Uexley,  with  two  tall  and  two  dwarf  plants,  viz  , 
Margot,  Bertier  Rendatler,  Bouquet  Fait,  and  G. 
Glenny  ;  2d,  Mr.  F,  Moore.  Blendon  House,  Bexley, 
the  varieties  Jardin  des  Plantes  and  Mrs.  Rundle 
being  the  best,  the  plants  being  trained  as  globular- 
headed  standards  ;  3d,  Mr.  Gilbey,  gr.  to  B.  B. 
Booth,  Esq,,  The  Cazenoves,  Upper  Clapton — plants 
of  4  feet  in  height,  and  full  of  flower — Source  d'Or 
and  Dr,  Macary  being  very  fine. 

Six  trained  specimens,  Japanese,  in  pots  less  than 
12  inches.  — i.-t.  Mr.  W.  Monk,  with  Elaine,  Tokio, 
and  Mon.  C.  Hubert  as  his  best,  at  4  feet  in  height, 
and  Mdlle,  Sevin,  Parasol,  and  Source  d'Or  as  the 
lesser-sized  plants — all  had  flower  and  foliage  down 
to  the  po'.  2d,  Mr.  R.  Biss,  with  large  pyramids, 
well  furnished  with  bloom.  La  Charmeuse  and  L'Isle 
des  Plaisirs  being  the  choicest  ;  3d,  Messrs.  J.  &  G. 
Drain,  Southgate  Nursery,  with  well  flowered  plants 
of  but  2  feet  in  diameter. 

Four  trainei  specimens,  large-flowered,  Japanese 
or  pompons. — 2d,  Messrs,  J.  &  G,  Drain,  with  plants  of 
neat  growth,  not  formally  trained,  and  well  famished 
with  foliage  and  flower. 

Six  trained  specimens,  pompons.  —  1st,  Mr.  R,  E. 
Reeve,  gr.  to  J.  J.  Elliott,  Esq.,  Hadley  House, 
Hadley  Green,  Barnet — splendid  specimens  of  culture, 
18  feet  in  circumference,  and  well  flowered  ;  sorts 
consisted  of  Sceur  Melaine,  G  jlden  Cedo  Nulli,  Cedo 
Nulli,  Fanny.  Marguerite  de  Coi,  and  Rose  Andro- 
meda. 2  J,  Mr.  P.  Gilbey  :  the  best  were  Sceur 
Melaine,  Aurora  Borealis,  and  St.  Michael — dwarf 
trained  and  well  flowered. 

Amateur  Classes.— Cut  Blooms. 

For  twelve  incurved,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr.  F.  Bing- 
ham, 3,  Bethune  Road.  Stoke  Newington,  the  finest 
of  the  stand  being  l,iueen  of  England,  J.  Salter, 
Empress  of  India,  Lord  Wolseley,  Golden  Empress, 
Hero  of  Stoke  Newington,  Nil  Desperandum.  Mrs. 
Rundle,  and  Princess  of  Teck  ;  2d,  Mr.  J,  J.  Hillier, 
13,  Percy  Road,  Wandsworth,  whose  blooms  were 
symmetrical,  but  below  the  others  in  size. 

For  six  incurved,  distinct.  —  1st,  jMr.  F.  Bingham, 
a  creditable  stand,  consisting  of  some  of  the  same 
varieties  as  appeared  in  his  class  for  twelve  varieties ; 
2J,  Mr.  J.  J.  Hill.er,  the  blooms  of  Mrs.  Shipman, 
and  the  fine  yellow  Mr.  Bunn,  and  Princess  of  Wales 
being  very  nice. 

Fur  twelve  Japanese,  distinct.  —  1st,  Mr.  J.  J. 
Hillier,  the  best  being  the  new  kind — Glorio-um, 
Val  d'Andorre,  Dormillon.  Rosea  superba,  and  Boule 
d'Or;  2d,  G.  Walker  Esq.,  12,  Lingford  Road, 
Wimbledon,  Flamme  de  Punch  and  Marguerite  Mar- 
rouch  were  the  finest. 

For  six  Japanese,  distinct. — 2  1.  Mr.  J.  J.  Hillier  ; 
3d,  Mr.  G.  Jordan,  gr.  to  Rev.  H.  A.  Berners, 
Harkstead  Rectory,  Ipswich— both  of  these  com- 
petitors staging  fair  sized  blooms. 

Metropolitan  Classes. 

These  are  instituted  to  encourage  metropolitm 
growers,  and  were  the  means  of  bringing  many  very 
fair  flowers  to  the  show. 

For  twenty-four  incurved,  in  not  fewer  ihan  eighteen 
varieties,  or  more  than  two  of  one  variety.  —  ist.  Mr. 
G.  Langden,  gr.  to  Drs.  Minerve  and  Adams,  Brook 
House,  Clapton,  with  superior  well  moulded  blooms 
of  leading  kinds  ;  2d,  Mr.  S.  Gilbey,  also  showing 
good  blooms  of  perfect  form,  if  a  little  undersized. 

For  twelve  incurved,  distinct.  — 1st,  Mr.  Langden; 
2d,  Mr.  Nichol,  gr.  to  W.  T.  Ogden,  Esq.,  Verandah 
House,  Clapton  Common. 

For  six  incurved  Mr.  S.  Gilbey  was  rsl,  A.  Salter 
and  J.  Salter  being  fine  blooms ;  Mr.  Langden 
was  2d. 

Twelve  Japanese,  distinct, — Mr.  Gilbey  took  1st 
here  with  well  chosen  kinds,  somewhat  small ;  and 
Mr.  Davis  the  2d. 

Mr.  Beach,  gr.  to  J.  Seligman,  Esq.,  Hereford 
House,  South  Kensington,  was  1st  for  six  Japanese 
varieties — good  blooms  of  handsome  kinds. 

A  few  gr;;ups  of  Ferns  were  shown,  the  ist  prize 
being  taken  by  Mr.  Chillis,  gr.,  .Albion  Lodge,  Park 
Lane,  Stoke  Newington,  ordinary  kinds,  nicely 
grown,  constituting  the  group  ;  Mr.  Davis,  gr.  to 
C.  C.  Paine,  Esq.,  Cedar  House,  Stamford  Hill, 
taking  also  2d  prize  in  the  class  for  foliage  plants. 

Fruit  and  Vegetabli-is, 
Six  dishes  of  dessert  Apples,  distinct,  fit  for  table. 
—  1st,  Mr.  G.  Duncan,  gr.  to  C.  T.  Lucas,  Esq., 
Warnham  Court,  Horsham,  the  sorts  shown  consist- 
ing of  Blenheim  Orange,  Court  Pendu  plat.  Cox's 
Orange/Golden  Russet,  Ribston  and  King  of  Pippins, 


632 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[November  13,  1886. 


all  very  fine  highly  coloured  fruits';  zd.^Mr.  C.  Ross, 
gr.,  Welford  Park,  with  Cornish  Aromatic,  very  fine 
and  large  ;  Gravenstein,  Lidy  Alice  Eyre,  a  seedling 
of  Mr.  Ross'  raising,  but  which,  being  unripe,  lost 
him  the  1st  place.  3d,  Mr.  W.  C.  Jacobs,  Petworth, 
with  varieties  exceeding  all  others  in  colour. 

Six  culinary  Apples,  distinct.  — 1st,  Mr.  McKenzie, 
gr.,  Linton  Court,  Maidstone,  with  Emperor  Alex- 
ander, Pomona,  and  Gloria  Mundi,  being  very  fine  ; 
2d,  Mr.  C.  Ross,  the  Mere  de  Menage  and  Stirling 
Castle  being  larger  than  is  often  seen. 

Six  dishes  dessert  Pears,  distinct.— 1st,  Mr.  \V. 
Allan,  gr.  to  Lord  Suffield,  Gunton  Park,  with  fine 
examples  of  Marie  Louise,  M.  Louise  d'Uccle,  Beune 
Bosc,  B.  Diel,  Glou  Morceau,  &c.  ;  2d,  Mr.  C. 
Goldsmith,  gr.  to  Mrs.  A.  C.  Hoare,  Kelsey  Manor, 
Beckenham,  the  Pitmaston  Duchess  and  Beurrt- 
Clairgeau  being  large  and  perfect. 

Three  bunches  of  white  Grapes.  —  1st,  Mr.  J. 
Roberts,  gr.  to  Messrs.  Rothschild,  Gunnersbury 
Park,  Acton,  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  solid 
bunches  of  a  fine  amber  colour  ;  2d,  Mr.  Chalk,  gr. 
to  G.  Read,  Esq.,  Westwood,  Salisbury — the  bunches 
loose  and  attenuated,  colour  good. 

Three  bunches  of  black  Grapes. — ist,  Mr.  J. 
Harvey,  gr.  to  J.  Waters,  Esq.,  Mys  Kyns,  Peahurst, 
Sussex,  with  firm,  large-bunched  Gros  Colmar,  fine 
in  colour,  but  not  too  large  in  berry  ;  2d,  Mr.  Smith, 
gr.  to  W.  H.  Sewell,  Esq.,  Warren  Hill,  Loughton, 
excellent  in  size  of  bunch,  but  wanting  a  little  in 
colour;  3d,  Mr.  J-  Wing,  gr.  to  —  Shepherd,  Esq., 
Roupell  Park,  Strealham,  with  examples  that  showed 
good  colour  and  medium-sized  berries  and  bunches. 

Collection  of  Grapes,  to  consist  of  twelve  bunches, 
in  not  less  than  three  varieties.  —  Ist,  Mr.  J.  Harvey, 
showing  three  bunches  of  Barbarossa  of  fine  colour, 
and  weighing  14^  lb.;  three  of  Gros  Colmar,  of  a 
weight  of  12^  lb.;'and  three  of  Black  Alicante,  of  the 
weight  of  II  lb.  All  of  these  Grapes  possessed  every 
good  point,  and  were  much  admired.  2d,  Mr.  J.  H. 
Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Eirl  of  Harrington,  Elvaston 
Castle,  showing  Black  Alicante,  Golden  Queen,  Gros 
Colmar,  with  immense  berries,  and  Mrs.  Pearson, 
nice  medium-sized  bunches  ;  3d,  Mr.  W.  Allan, 
whose  examples  of  Mrs.  Pince  were  very  creditable. 

Special  Prizes  by  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons. 

For  the  best  collection  of  vegetables,  six  distinct 
kinds.  —  Ist,  Mr.  S.  Haines,  gr.  to  Lord  Radnor, 
Coleshill  House,  Highworth  ;  the  examples  of 
Wroxton  Onion,  Student  Parsnip,  James'  Inter- 
mediate Carrot,  and  Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower  were 
very  fine.  2d,  Mr.  May,  gr.  to  Capt.  Le  Blanc, 
Norlham  House,  Barnet,  the  Lapstone  Kidney 
Potato  and  May's  Brussels  Sprouts  being  amongst 
his  best  things  ;  3d,  Mr.  Beckett,  Cole  Hatch  Farm, 
Amersham,  the  Sutton's  Prizetaker  Leek  and  Walker's 
Exhibition  Onion  being  the  finest  of  the  exhibit. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  Prizes. 

For  a  similar  collection. — Ist,  Mr.  C.  Waite,  gr. 
to  Hon.  W.  P.  Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher,  the  best 
being  Rousham  Park  Onion,  Sutton's  Prizetaker 
Leek,  Perfection  Tomato,  and  New  Intermediate 
Carrot  ;  2d,  Mr.  May,  with  his  variety  of  Brussels 
Sprouts  and  others  ;  3d,  Mr.  A.  Miller,  gr.  to  W.  N, 
Long,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Rood  Ashton  Park;  4th,  Mr. 
Haines. 

For  twelve  dishes  of  Potatos  Mr.  E.  S.  Wills,  gr. 
to  R  A.  Cartwright,  Esq.,  Edgecote,  Banbury,  took 
Ist,  for  clean  samples  of  approved  kinds,  and  Mr. 
Jacobs  a  similar  award  for  the  best  six  dishes. 

Mi.scellaneous. 
A  large  collection  of  Apples  was  shown,   not  for 
competition,  by  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  .Co.,  Maid- 
stone. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  showed  a  collec- 
tion of  a  hundred  dishes  of  old  varieties  of  Potatos, 
twenty-four  dishes  of  such  as  are  of  their  introduction, 
and  seven  of  seedlings  under  number.  Of  the  latter, 
Nos.  236,  a  roundish  flat,  with  a  suspicion  of  pink  in 
the  eyes  ;  215,  a  kidney  said  to  have  the  true  nutty 
flavour  ;  and  251,  a  flattish  round,  of  medium  size — all 
of  which  will  appear  in  commerce  next  year — are 
promising  kinds. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  showed 
large  numbers  of  Chrysanthemums  of  all  sections, 
many  of  them  new  ones  of  their  raising,  also  blooms 
of  Begonias  ;  and  Mr,  N.  Davis  several  new  varieties 
of  Chrysanthemums. 

Some  very  charming  bouquets  of  wild  and  culti- 
vated flowers  in  a  dried  state,  but  retaining  perfectly 
their  natural  colours,  were  shown  by  Mrs.  J.  Binns, 
Southam.  These  bouquets  are  made  fiat,  and  are 
interspersed  with  Fern  fronds,  grass  awns,  and  other 
slender  material,  each  bouquet  being  arranged  as  a 
vignette  within  an  oval  or  square  frame,  the  latter, 
in  some  instances,  appropriately  consisting  of  P'lr 
cones.  Oak  galls,  acorns,  nuts,  &c. 

Mr.  Robert  Owen,  nurseryman,  Boyne  Hill,  Maiden- 
head, exhibited  Chrysanthemums  of  various  classes, 
also  C.  marginatum. 

Mr.  W.  Holmes  showed  a  group  of  foliage  plants 


and  Chrysanthemums,  receiving  a  Silver  Medal  for 
the  same. 

Mr.  Crute  made  a  large  show  of  his  new  garden 
pottery,  both  of  the  ornamental  and  purely  useful 
kinds  of  it. 

Manure  dealers  and  purveyors  of  garden  requisites 
of  all  kinds  had  several  stands. 

Cut  Flowers,   Incurved  (Open). 

The  leading  class  for  cut  blooms  was  that  for 
twenty-four  incurved,  not  less  than  twenty-four 
varieties,  and  not  more  than  three  blooms  of  any 
one  variety.  In  this  class  Mr.  C.  Gibson,  gr.  to  J. 
Wormald,  Esq.,  Morden  Park,  Surrey,  was  placed 
1st  with  a  lot  of  blooms  decidedly  superior  to  any 
shown  among  the  eight  stands  competing  in  this  class, 
and  be  was  placed  1st,  and  the  award  registered. 
Soon  after,  it  was  found  that  Mr.  Gibson  had  staged 
four  blooms  of  Golden  Qaeen  instead  of  only  three, 
and  he  had  to  be  disqualified  for  what  was  in  reality 
an  unfortunate  oversight.  He  had  remarkably  fine 
blooms  of  Golden  Queen,  John  Sailer,  Princess  of  Wales, 
Heroof  Stoke  Newington,  Nil  Dasperandum,  Barbara, 
Mrs.  Dtxon,  George  Glenny,  Princess  Beatrice,  Jeanne 
d'Arc,  Princess  Teck,  Golden  Eagle,  Mabel  Ward, 
Refulgence,  and  Lord  Wolsley.  The 'disqualification 
of  Mr.  Gibson  resulted  in  Messrs.  W.  &  G.  Drover, 
nurserymen,  Fareham,  being  placed  Ist,  and  they 
staged  very  good  blooms  of  Emily  Dale,  Lord  Wols- 
ley, Queen  of  England,  Alfred  Salter,  Golden  Em- 
press, Mrs.  W.  Shipman,  Nil  Desperandum,  Hero]  of 
Stoke  Newington,  Lord  Alcester,  John  Salter, 
Beverley,  Prince  Alfred,  Mabel  Ward,  Princess  of 
Teck,  Princess  of  Wales,  Jardin  des  Plantes,  White 
Globe,  Cherub,  Angelina,  Lady  Hardinge,  Baron 
Beust,  and  Mrs.  Haliburton.  2d,  Mr.  J.  R.  Wild- 
man,  Oaklands  Grove  Road,  Clapham  Park,  S.W., 
with  Alfred  Salter,  Empress  of  India,  Venus,  Lidy 
Slade,  George  Glenny,  Lord  Alcester,  John  Salter, 
Prince  of  Wales,  Prince  Alfred,  Lord  Wolsley, 
Refulgence,  Mr.  Bunn,  Mrs.  Dixon,  Golden  Beverley, 
and  Antonelli. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  incurved  varieties,  dis- 
tinct, there  were  three  collections.  Mr.  J.  R.  Wild- 
man  was  placed  Ist,  with  nice  and  fresh,  but  rather 
unequal  blooms  of  Empress  of  India,  Lord  Wolsley, 
Nil  Desperandum,  Prince  Alfred,  Guernsey  Nugget, 
Venus,  Antonelli,  Eve.  Barbara,  Novelty,  Refulgence, 
Mrs.  Dixon.  George  Glenny,  Lady  Slade,  Mr.  Bunn, 
and  Mrs.  W.  Shipman ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  Sanderson, 
St.  Mary's  Road,  Hailesden  Park,  N,W.,  with  larger 
and  more  even  blooms,  in  a  few  cases  a  \\\X\z  passi. 
Still  many  thought  they  should  have  won  the  Ist 
honours.  He  had  in  excellent  form  Golden  Empress, 
Jeanne  d'Arc,  Empress  of  India,  Antonelli,  Lady 
Carey,  Golden  Perfection,  Nil  Desperandum,  Mr, 
Bunn,  Golden  Eagle,  Captivation,  Princess  of  Teck, 
and  Mr.  Brunlees. 

In  the  class  for  eighteen  incurved  varieties  there 
were  eight  collections,  and  any  exhibitor  who  at  the 
Royal  Aquarium  had  previously  taken  a  1st  prize  for 
forty-eight,  thirty-six,  or  twenty-four  cut  blooms  of 
incurved  flowers  was  excluded.  The  Ist  prize  went 
to  Mr.  J.  Martin,  gr.  to  C.  N.  Kidd,  Esq.,  West 
Hill  House,  Dartford,  who  had  in  capital  form  Princess 
of  Wales,  Empress  of  India,  Prince  Alfred,  Golden 
Empress,  Lord  Wolslev,  Lord  Alcester,  John  Salter, 
Mr.  Brunlees,  Mrs.  W.  Shipman,  Princess  Beatrice, 
Prince  of  Wales,  Nil  Nesperandum,  and  Barbara  ; 
2d,  Mr.  J.  Ilorsefield,  Heytesbury,  Wilts,  with  only 
just  inferior  blooms  of  Queen  of  England,  Empress  of 
India,  Lord  Alcester,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Golden  Empress, 
Beverley,  White  Venus,  Baron  Beust,  Barbara,  Lady 
Hardinge,  Mrs.  A.  Shipman,  and  Prince  Alfred. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms,  distinct,  there  were 
ten  collections,  and  here  Mr.  J.  Doughty,  gr,  to  Mrs. 
Tomlin,  Angley  Park,  Cranbrook,  Kent,  was  an 
admirable  Ist,  with  very  fine  blooms  of  Lord  Alcester, 
Empress  of  India,  Golden  Empress.  Queen  of 
England,  Prince  Alfred,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Alfred  Salter, 
Princess  of  Teck,  Hero  of  Stoke  Newington,  Mrs. 
Heale,  Mrs.  W.  Shipman,  and  Lady  Hardinge  ;  2d, 
Mr.  H.  Shoesmith,  gr.  to  the  Rev,  Canon  Hodgson, 
Saltwood  Rtctory,  Hyihe,  with  Lord  Wolsley, 
Golden  Empress,  John  Salter,  Queen  of  England, 
Princess  of  Wales,  "Jeanne  d'.\rc,  Mrs.  Heale,  Emily 
Dale,  Hero  of  Stoke  Newington,  Cherub,  Princess  of 
Teck,  and  Jardin  des  Plantes. 

Then  came  a  class  for  six  blooms  for  those  who  in 
any  previous  year  had  not  taken  a  prize  for  cut  flowers, 
and  as  there  were  fourteen  competitors  there  was  evi- 
dently no  lack  of  new  aspirants  to  fame.  The  best 
came  from  Mr,  D,  Hill,  gr.  to  T.  D.  Brookman, 
Esq  ,  Bradborough  Park,  Hyihe,  Kent,  who  had  very 
fine  blooms  of  Empress  of  India,  Princess  of  Wales, 
lohn  Salter,  Princess  Teck,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  and  Nil 
Desperandum  ;  2d,  Mr.  Howe,  gr.  to  H.  Tate,  Esq., 
Park  Hill,  Streatham,  who  had  Golden  Empress, 
Queen  of  England,  Princess  Alexandra,  Lord 
Wolsley,  Mr.  Brunlees,  and  Prince  Alfred  ;  3d,  Mr. 
T.  Philpot,  gr.  to  C.  T,  Pearson,  Esq.,  Osidge, 
Southgate, 

The  class  for  six  blooms  of  any  one  variety  brought 
six   competitors,    and  here   Mr.   J.   W.    Springbett, 


Holly  Nursery,  Cheshunt,  was  placed  Ist  with  six 
faultless  blooms  of  Princess  of  Wales  ;  Mr.  C.  J. 
Salter  being  2d  with  Lord  Wolsley,  very  fine  ;  and 
Mr.  H.  Shoesmith  3d,  with  Empress  of  India. 

Cut  Flowers  :  Japanese. 

These  were  not  only  numerous,  but  so  marvellously 
fine,  that  visitors  clustered  about  the  stands  admiring 
the  rich  colours  and  varied  forms. 

There  were  ten  competitors  in  the  class  for  forty- 
eight  blooms,  not  less  than  twenty  four  varieties  ;  and 
not  more  than  two  blooms  of  any  one  sort,  and  here 
Mr.  C.  Gibson  was  Ist  with  superb  examolcs  of 
Madame  Carol,  Mdlle.  Lacroix,  Japonaise,'  Grandi- 
flora,  Biron  de  Frailly,  Comtesse  de  Beauregard, 
Boule  d'Or,  Maiden's  Blush,  Meg  Merrlees,  Glorio- 
sum,  Jeanne  Delaux,  Fernand  Feral,  Thunberg, 
Roseum  pictum,  Elaine,  Golden  Dragon,  Mons. 
B«onet,  Val  d'Andorre,  White  Dragon.  ['Ador- 
able, Comte  de  Germiny,  Mons.  Astorg,  Duchess  of 
Albany,  Hiver  Fleur,  Album  striatum,  and  Mar- 
guerite Marrouch.  2d,  Mr.  J.  Ridout,  gr.  to  T.  B. 
Haywood,  Esq,,  Woodhatch,  Reigate,  with  very 
fine  examples  of  Val  d'Andorre,  Peter  the  Great, 
Mons.  Ardenne,  Mons,  Astorg,  Grandiflora,  Japonaise, 
John  Laing,  Criterion,  Djrmillon,  Jeanne  Dalaux, 
Marguerite  Marrouch,  Flamme  de  Punch,  Madame 
Rendatler,  Jupiter,  Soleil  Levant,  Boule  d'Or,  Fair 
Maid  of  Guernsey,  Madame  de  Sevin,  Madame 
Feral,  and  Mdlle.  Lacroix. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties,  distinct, 
there  were  seven  competitors ;  and  here  Mr.  J. 
Child,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Slade,  Claygate,  Esher,  was  is't, 
with  a  very  fine  lot  of  blooms,  consisting  of  Com- 
tesse de  Beauregard,  Mons.  Astorg,  Baron  de  Prailly, 
Thunberg,  Val  d'Andorre,  Mdlle,  Lacroix,  Galathee, 
Fair  Maid  of  Guernsee,  Fernand  Feral,  I'lncom- 
narable.  The  Daimio,  Boule  d'Or,  Fanny  Boucharlat, 
Mons,  F.  A.  Divis,  Mons.  Delaux,  Duchess  of 
Albany,  Japonaise,  Album  plenum,  Hiver  Fleur, 
Madame  "de  Sevin,  Peter  the  Great,  Jupiter,  and 
Napoleon  ;  2d,  Mr.  H.  Shoesmith.  with  large  and 
well  developed  blooms  of  Fernand  Feral,  Marguerite 
Marrouch,  Madame  G.  Sand,  Bertha  Rendatler, 
Hiver  Fleur,  Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey,  Triomphe  du 
Nord,  Mons.  Ardenne,  Golden  Dragon,  Japonaise, 
Elaine,  Flamme  de  Punch,  Madame  J.  Laing,  &c. 

The  best  twelve  blooms  brought  fourteen  compe- 
titors, and  they  were  very  good  throughout.  Here 
Mr.  Fred.  Moore  was  a  good  Ist  with  admirable 
blooms  of  Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey,  Mons.  Astorg, 
Ceres,  Baron  de  Prailly,  Thunberg,  Triomphe 
de  la  Rue  des  Chalets,  Soleil  Levant,  Comte  de  Ger- 
miny, F.  A.  Davis,  John  Laing,  Criterion,  and 
Mons.  Delaux,  2d,  Mr.  W.  R.  Strong,  Wellington 
College,  with  Maiden's  Blush,  Soleil  Levant,  Mar- 
guerite Marrouch,  Meg  Merrilees,  F.  A.  Divis,  Fanny 
Boucharlat,  Belle  Poule,  &c. 

In  the  class  for  six  white  blooms,  one  variety,  Mr. 
G.  Duncan,  gr.  to  C.  P.  Lucas,  Esq.,  Warnham 
Court,  Horsham,  was  Ist,  with  wonderful  flowers  of 
Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey  ;  2d,  Mr.  H,  Shoesmith,  with 
Mdlle.  Lacroix  ;  3d,  Mr.  J.  R.  Wildman,  with  Elaine. 

The  best  six  of  any  other  colour  were  Yellow  Dragon, 
very  fine  indeed,  from  Mr  C.  Blick,  gr.  to  P.  Nar- 
borough,  Esq.,  Summerfield  House,  Elstree  :  Mr.  G. 
Duncan  was  2d  with  Japonaise  ;  and  Mr.  H,  Shoe- 
smith  3d,  with  Jeanne  Delaux. 

In  the  class  for  six  varieties  for  those  not 
having  in  any  previous  year  taken  a  prize  for  cut 
blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  there  were  eighteen 
competitors,  and  here  Mr.  C.  Blick  was  1st 
with  capital  blooms  of  Belle  Poule,  Mons.  Astorg, 
Madame  J.  Laing,  Mdlle.  Moulis,  Thunberg,  and 
Jeanne  Delaux  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Hewitt,  gr.  to  H.  B. 
'Mackesson,  Esq,,  Hillside  House,  Hythe,  Kent,  with 
Madame  C,  Audigieur,  Marguerite  Marrouch,  Grandi- 
flora, Triomphe  de  la  Rue  des  Chalets,  I'Adorable, 
and  Mons.  Ardenne. 

Mr.  G.  Stevens,  St.  John's  Nursery,  Putney,  offered 
special  prizes  for  the  best  six  blooms  of  Chrysanthe- 
mum, Maiden's  Blush,  and  here  Mr.  P.  Sadler,  gr. 
to  C.  Lambert,  Esq,,  Oak  Hill  Place,  Streatham, 
was  1st  with  some  excellent  flowers  ;  Messrs.  W.  & 
G,  Drover,  Fareham,  beidg  2d  ;  and  Mr.  J.  Wright, 
Middle  Temple  Gardens,  3d. 

Refle.xed  Chrysanthemums. 
In  the  class  for  twelve  bloom,  not  more  than  two 
varieties  of  each  variety,  there  were  seven  competitors, 
and  some  charming  blooms  were  staged  ;  the  best 
stand  came  from  Mr.  F,  Moore,  gr.  to  \V.  C.  Pickers- 
gill,  Esq.,  Blenden  Hall,  Bexley,  who  had  very  fine 
blooms  of  Mrs.  Forsyth,  Cloth  of  Gold,  Garibaldi, 
Peach  Christine,  Golden  Christine,  Felicity,  Culling- 
fordi,  very  fine  ;  Dr.  Sharpe,  and  Phidias  ;  2d,  Mr. 
E.  Wills,  with  Cloth  of  Gold,  Mrs.  Forsyth,  King 
of  Crimsons,  Chevalier  Dmoage,  CuUingfordi,  and 
Phidias. 

Anemone- flowered  Chrysanthemums. 
In  the  class  for  twelve,  large-flowered   varieties, 
Japanese     forms     excluded,     Mr.    F.     Moore    was 


November  13,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


633 


I  it  with  Laing's  Anemone,  very  fine  ;  Acquisi- 
iion,  Mrs.  Pethers,  Lady  Margaret,  Fleur  de  Marie, 
King  of  Anemones,  Gliick,  Minnie  Chate  (?), 
Sanflower,  Empress,  Princess  Louise,  and  Georges 
Sand.  A  protest  was  entered  against  the  1st  prize 
being  awarded  to  this  stand,  on  the  ground  that  it 
contained  a  bloom  of  Minnie  Chate,  a  Japanese  variety, 
but  it  was  overruled  by  the  judges,  on  the  ground  that 
they  were  not  at  ail  certain  that  it  was  the  variety 
named.  2d.  Mr.  Sullivan,  gr.  to D.B.  Chapman.  Esq., 
Downshire  House,  Roehampton,  with  fine  blooms  of 
Lady  Margaret,  Mr?.  Petbers,  Fleur  de  Marie,  Gitick, 
Laing's  Anemone,  Georges  Sand,  Empress,  and 
Prince  of  Anemones. 

There  were  three  stands  only  of  six  blooms  of 
Japanese  Anemone-flowered  varieties,  not  less  than 
three  varieties,  and  here  Mr.  J.  J.  Hillier,  13, 
Priory  Road,  Wandsworth  Road,  was  1st  with 
Triomphe  du  Nord,  RitapDil,  Madame  Cabrol, 
Madame  CIos,  and  Soeur  Dorolhe  S^uille;  2d, 
Mr.  A.  Ives,  with  Madame  Berths  P'gny*  Minnie 
Chate,  Sceur  Dorothe  Souille,  Duchess  of  Edin- 
burgh, and  Souvenir  de  I'Ardenne. 

There  were  six  collections  of  Anemone-flowered 
pompons,  three  fioweis  in  a  bunch,  and  here  Mr, 
R.  Whitby  was  1st,  with  Regulas,  Mr?.  Wyness, 
Astarte,  Miss  Nightingale,  Antonius,  Madame 
Chalonge,  Rose  Marguerite,  Magenta  King,  Astrea, 
Mons.  Aslie,  Perle,  Marguerite  du  Coi.  2d.  Mr. 
M.  Butcher,  gr.  to  W.  G.  Cusins,  Esq  ,  The  Priory, 
Hadley,  with  a  very  good  lot  also,  but  owing  to  the 
deficient  light  we  were  unable  to  obtain  the    lames. 

Pompon  Chrysanthemums. 
Shown  in  stands  of  twelve  bunches,  thre  2  flowers 
forming  a  bunch,  these  were  very  pretty  in  leed,  and 
nine  stands  competed.  The  best  came  (rom  Mr. 
J.  Gore,  who  had  Black  Douglas,  Toussaint  Mauri- 
sot,  President  Fremy,  Marabout,  Prince  of  Orange, 
Golden  Mdlle  Maithe,  Adele  Preseite,  Mons.  Hoste, 
Giuck,  Mdile.  Marthe,  and  Madame  Vicloj  .  2J, 
Mr.  Butcher,  with  Golden  Mdlle.  Marthe,  Fim- 
briatum,  St.  Michael,  Prince  of  Orange,  Pred-.-^nt, 
Soeur  Melaine,  Adonis.  La  Vogue,  Charles  Di^ke^-'s, 
Marabout,  Cendiillon,  and  Mdlle.  Marthe. 

New  Chrysanthemums. 

A  Silver  Medal  was  offered  for  the  best  stan.^  of 
twelve  blooms  of  new  Chrysanthemums,  in  not  1  'ss 
than  six  distinct  varieties,  and  this  was  awarded  t,> 
Mr.  G.  Stevens,  St.  John's  Nursery,  Putney,  who 
had,  In  good  form,  Maiden's  Blush,  Madame  la 
Marquise  de  Mun,  John  Stevens,  St.  d'Angele  Amiel, 
Lady  Maiheson,  Mdlle.  Marie  Clos,  and  William 
Stevens,  all  Japanese  varieties.  Five  other  stands 
competed. 

A  large  number  of  these  were  submitted  to  the 
Floral  Committee  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society  during  the  day,  E.  Sanderson,  Esq.,  Presi- 
dent, presiding. 

First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
Mr.  F.  A.  Davis,  Chrysanthemum  Nursery,  Cam- 
berweil,  for  hybrid  pompon  Sanspareil,  golden- 
bronze  with  lemon  centre,  large  and  good  shape,  with 
broad  petah  and  a  distinct  incurved  form  ;  pompon 
Seapen,  pale  chestnut  flushed  with  magenta,  large, 
full,  and  somewhat  reflexed  ;  Japanese  Snowstorm,  a 
white  variety  in  the  way  of  Peter  the  Great,  slight 
sulphur  centre,  large  and  lull,  appears  a  fine  deco- 
rative variety;  also  to  Mr.  Ives,  gr.  to  E.  C.  Jukes, 
Esq.,  for  the  same  ;  for  Anemone-flowered  La  Mar- 
guerite, puiplish-magenta  with  golderi  centre,  good 
colour  and  bdape  ;  and  Croesus  and  Chardonent,  two 
reflexed  varieties  with  handsome  fimbriated  petals, 
appearing  as  if  they  were  the  commencement  of  a  new 
race — the  former  pale  chocolate-brown  with  yellow 
centre;  the  latter  dull  reddish-purple.  The  same 
award  was  made  to  Mr.  Jones,  nurseryman,  Lewisham, 
for  Mrs.  H.J.  Jones,  a  golden  sport  from  the  Japanese, 
Ethel,  the  duwers  pale  gold,  and  very  handsome. 
To  Messrs.  Henry  Canncll  tS:  S^ns,  nurserymen, 
Swanley,  for  hybrid  pompon  Egyptian  Gem,  light 
magenta-purple,  full,  and  of  excellent  of  lorm  ;  and 
Japanese  Anemone  Ratapoil,  reddish-brown,  with 
orange  centre,  distinct  and  good.  To  Mr.  William 
Holmes,  Hackney,  for  Japanese  Couquetle  de  Castile, 
delicatepink,  dwarf  ingrowth;  very  piettyas  a  decora- 
tive variety.  To  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal 
Exotic  Nurseries,  King's  Road  Chelsea,  for  reflexed 
Chrysanthemum,  Madame  Vivaad  Morel,  veiy  like  a 
Dahlia,  with  broad  white  petals,  and  a  sr.iphur 
centre  ;  to  St.  Angele  Amiel,  a  white  Japanese,  with 
full  flowers  of  Larrow  petals  ;  and  Paul  Dutoar,  white, 
with  lilac  base — a  beatifnl  Japanese  variety. 

The  following  were  Commended  :  — Pjmpon  O^iiiis, 
pink,  tipped  with  lemon,  and  pale  golden  centre, 
tine  shape,  and  veiy  pleasing — from  Mr.  Wright, 
Temple  Gardens  ;  and  Hybrid  pompon  Aureole,  soft 
pinkish-lilac,  with  large  reflexed  flowers— from  T.  S. 
Ware  ;  Mrs.  Cannell,  an  incurved  Japanese  ivory- 
white,  with  sulphur  centre — from  Messrs.  H.  Canneil 
&  Sons,  which  the  committee  would  like  to  see  again. 
The  best  arranged  epergne  of  single  or  semi-single 
Chrysanthemums   came    from   Mr,    W.    Brown,    St, 


Mary's  Grove  Nursery,  Richmond  ;  2d,  Mr.  E.  Chad- 
wick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Ealing  ;  and  3d, 
Mr.  H.  J.  Jones,  Hope  Nursery,  Le^visham. 


MANCHESTER    HORTICULTURAL    IM- 
PROVEMENT  SOCIETY. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Manchester  Horticul- 
tural Improvement  Society  was  held  on  Thursday, 
Nov.  4,  in  the  Memorial  Hall,  Albert  Square.  Mr. 
Bruce  Findlay,  the  President,  was  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Robert  Tait,  the  honorary  treasurer,  submitted 
his  financial  statement  for  the  past  year.  He  was 
pleased  to  find  the  Society  had  a  small  balance,  and 
he  hoped  the  new  session  would  end  with  a  larger 
amount  than  it  had  now. 

The  statement'  was  adopted  by  the  meeting.  Mr. 
Bruce  Findlay  was  unanimously  re-elected  P  resident 
for  the  coming  year;  Mr.  Robert  Tait,  treasurer; 
Mr.  W.  B.  Upjohn,  honorary  secretary  ;  and  the 
following  gentlemen  again  form  the  commilee  of  the 
Society  :— Messrs.  William  Plant,  J.  BridJon,  F. 
Robinson,  J.  S.  Butterworth,  and  E.  G.  Hughes. 

The  President  then  delivered  an  address.  He  took 
as  his  subject  Horticulture,  which,  he  said,  whether 
regarded  as  an  art,  a  science,  pursuit,  or  a  profession, 
now  occupies  more  of  the  attention  of  the  educated 
classes  than  at  any  previous  period.  Horticulture  is 
the  parent  of  agriculture  inasmuch  as  it  determines  on 
a  small  scale  the  value  of  those  principles  upon  which 
a  more  extended  cultivation  of  the  soil  depends.  It 
essentially  consists  in  subjecting  living  organisms  to 
the  wants,  tastes,  and  caprices  of  man,  who  obliges  the 
plant  he  wants,  or  admires  in  iis  natural  conditions,  to 
live  where  he  pleases,  however  far  from  its  native 
haunts  ;  and  who  requires  the  plant  which  he  does 
not  want  or  admire  in  that  condition  to  change  its 
form,  colour,  or  habits,  and  assume  such  as  will 
render  it  valuable  to  him  or  beautiful  in  his  eyes.  The 
tendency  to  produce  a  variable  offspring  is  inherent 
in  the  constitution  of  every  plant  and  is  indeed  a  neces- 
sity of  its  existence.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  an  abso- 
lute repetition  of  the  parent  in  the  progeny.  Nature 
supplies  the  gardener  with  varieties,  and  all  he  can 
do  is  to  exert  his  skill  in  deciding  which  of  them  is 
best  suited  to  his  wants,  again  selecting  from  its 
progeny  which  is  still  better  suited,  and  so  on  till  his 
wants  are  satisfied.  It  is  to  this  inherent  power  of 
variation  and  its  apparent  universality  that  the  atten- 
tion of  horticulturists  is  now  directed  in  a  very 
marked  manner.  Every  gardener  knows  how  dilTi- 
cult  it  is  to  keep  the  progeny  true  to  its  parents,  that 
the  same  garden  variety  does  not  originate  in  two 
independent  nurseries,  and  that  the  race  of  a  plant 
raised  in  Belgium  difiers  from  the  race  of  the  same 
plant  raised  in  France,  Holland,  or  England.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  vegetables  as  well  as  animals 
and  plants  are  liable  to  an  almost  unlimited  diversi- 
fication, regulated  by  climate,  soil,  nourishment, 
and  new  commixture  of  already  formed  varieties. 
Mr.  Findlay  referred  briefly  to  the  state  of  horticul- 
ture at  the  present  time  in  this  country.  lie 
could  go  back  for  a  period  of  thirty- 
five  years,  and  he  was  bound  to  say  that  in  some 
branches  of  plant  culture  little  or  no  progress  has  been 
made.  Where  are  the  magnificen*  collections  of  Cape 
Heaths  that  used  to  be  exhibited  by  Fairbairn  of 
Clapharo,  Rollisson  of  Tooting,  Pince  of  Exeter,  and 
Barnes  of  Camberwell  ?  They  are  not  to  be  met  with 
in  these  days.  Where  are  the  magnificent  specimen 
Azaleas  that  used  to  be  the  glory  of  our  exhibitions? 
They  do  not  exist.  Then,  again,  there  were  the  New 
Holland  plants  formerly  shown  by  Mrs,  Lawrence  of 
Filing  Park,  Mr.  Collier  of  Dartford,  and  several 
other  exhibitors.  One  seldom  sees  well-grown  speci- 
mens of  this  class  of  plant  now.  One  ieason  for 
this  is,  that  the  attention  of  gardeners  has 
been  directed  into  other  channels,  and  another,  no 
doubt,  is  that,  owing  to  the  commercial  depression,  the 
the  class  of  plants  to  which  he  referred  have  not 
received  that  special  attention  accorded  to  them 
in  former  days.  He  believed  on  the  whole  that  horti- 
culture has  made  rapid  strides  in  this  country  during 
the  past  fifty  years.  Next  year  is  the  jubilee  year 

of  the  Queen's  reign,  and  a  paper  on  the  progress  of 
horticulture  during  that  period  would  be  a  subject 
pregnant  with  interest.  He  hoped  that  the  subject 
would  be  taken  up  by  some  member  of  the  Society. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  passed  to  the  President  for  his 
address.  


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  A7  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  ENorNG  Wednesdav,  November  10,  188G1 


©hituars- 

Mr.  Thomas  Gibes.— It  is  with  deep  regret  we 
have  to  annouDce  the  sudden  death  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Gibbs,  head  of  the  well  Itoown  firm,  Thomas  Gibbs 
&  Co.,  Seedsmen  by  Koyal  Warrant  to  Her  Majesty 
the  Queen,  and  by  appomtment  (April  3,  1S44),  to  the 
Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  Eogland.  The  deceased 
was  but  filly-eight  years  of  age,  and  within  an  hour 
of  his  death  was  in  his  usual  health.  He  will  be 
succeeded  in  the  business  by  his  only  son,  Mr.  Arthur 
Gibbs. 


Hygrome- 
trical    De- 

Q 

Barometer. 

TEMPERATfRE  OF 
THE   AlE. 

from 
Glaisber's 
Tables  5th 
EditioD. 

Wind. 

1 

f- 

1 

tag 
P 

1 

1 

Ill 

k 

rS 

Nov. 

I». 

In.    1   „ 

. 

•  1 ' 

„ 

„ 

1.0. 

4 

29.71 

— c.0752.9'39  0 

■3  1) «  8 

+  02 

40.6 

83 

S.W.     0.00 

S 

29.27 

—asa  52.041-0 

...046.5 

+  II 

4S  4 

96 

S.W.     0.9 

6 

23.86 

— a94'46.0  37.a 

8.844.5 

-0.6 

43  4 

96 

S.W.     04a 

7 

2941 

-0 3946-' 36, 5 

9-7'l>  4 

-  3.3 

35-3 

S> 

N.W. 

0..0 

8 

29  55 

-0.2546.030,0 

.6.038.2 

—  6  I  33  7 

84 

S.W. 

0.00 

Q 

2912 

—0.6845.53s  2 

.0.3  4"  5 

98 

E.S.E 

0  10 

.0 

29.23 

-0.57  46.5  37  ' 

9  3  42  8 

—  0.7  41  a 

95 

E.N  E. 

0  37 

Mean 

29.31 

—  0.4947.936.6 

".343.0 

1 

zAr 

9' 

S  W. 

1.08 

-Fine  and  bright;  cloudy  night. 

-Wet  and  Generally  overcast  ;  fine  night. 

-Rough  and  stormy  day,  with  frequent  squalls. 

—Mist  in  early  morning;  generally  c 

—Fine  and  bright  throughout. 

-Fine  till] 


—      10.— Rain  till  afte: 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  6,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30. l6 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30  07  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  November  i,  increased  to 
30.33  inches  by  the  morning  of  the  3],  decreased 
to  29  87  inches  by  i  i'  -m  on  the  4th,  increa>ed  to 
29  90  inches  by  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day, 
decreased  to  28. 97  inches  by  the  morning  of  the  6th, 
and  was  29.26  inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29. S3  inches,  being 
o  34  inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.13  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Tempsraiure. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  6i°.8  on  October  31  ;  the 
highest  on  November  6  was  46°.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  high  day  temperatures  was  54*. 5. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  37*. 2  on  November  3 
and  6  ;  the  lowest  on  November  i  was  51".  2.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  43*.  I. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
i6'.S,  on  November  3;  the  smallest  was  7^.3  on 
the  1st.  The  mean  01  the  seven  daily  ranges  was 
ll'.4. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were  S5°.3  on  Octo- 
ber 31,  54°. 3  on  November  i,  50*.9  on  the  2d,  45". 9 
on  the  3d,  45°.8  on  the  4th,  46^.5  on  the  5ih,  and 
44'. 5  on  the  6ih.  These  were  all  above  their 
averages  with  the  exception  of  the  6ih,  which  was 
o''.6  below,  by  8".  9,  S°.l,  4°. 9,  0°.  i,  o°.2,  and  l^I 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  49°, 
being  0^.7  lower  than  last  week,  and  3°. 2  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  104°.  5  on  November  4.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  readmgs  was  72'^.8. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  five  days  to  the  amount  ol 
1.20  inch. 

England:  Temperature, — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  6,  the  highest  temperatures  were  6i*.8 
at  Blackheath,  6i°.5  at  Cambridge,  and  60° at  Truro, 
Sheffield,  and  Leeds;  the  highest  at  Newcastle  was 
55*,  at  Liverpool  56°. 9,  and  at  Sunderland  and 
Preston  57^.     The  general  mean  was  5S^9. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Wolverhamoton 
32°.5,  at  Nottingham  if,  and  at  Truro  and  Sheffield 
35" ;  the  lowest  at  Brighton  was  40°. 8,  at  Preston  and 
Newcastle  40°.     The  general  mean  was  37°. 2. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Not- 
tingham 26°. 5,  at  Wolverhampton  26°.!,  and  at 
Cambridge  25".  5  ;  the  least  ranges  were  at  Newcastle 
15°,  Preston  17°,  and  at  Liverpool  17° .7.  The  general 
mean  was  21  ".7. 

The  mean  ot  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  and  Plymouth  56°  and  at  Leeds 
55''.2  ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle  51^1,  and  at  Shef- 
field and   Sunderland  51". 8.     The  general  mean  was 

53°-7- 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  were 
highest  at  Brighton,  46°.  9,  at  Plymouth,  46",  and   at 


634 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  18 


Truro  and  Bristol  44''.4;  and  were  lowest  at  Wolver- 
Hampton.  38'.7,  at  Hull  40". 6,  and  at  Sunderland 
4l°'7'     The  general  mean  was  43°.  I. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Wolver- 
hampton, 14°. 7,  and  at  Nottiogham  and  Leeds  I2°.4  ; 
and  least  at  Brighton,  7''.9,  at  Preston  S°.2,  and  at 
Newcastle  S°.6.     The  general  mean  was  10'^. 6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Plymouth, 
50*.4,  at  Brighton  50°.  2,  and  at  Truro  49^.5  ;  and 
was  lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  45'^. 3,  at  Hull  45°.9. 
and  at  Sunderland  46^     The  general  mean  was  47°. S. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  2  39  inches  at  Sun- 
derland, 2.18  inches  at  Truro,  and  2.14  inches  at 
Liverpool  ;  the  smallest  falh  were  O.48  inch  at 
Sheffield,  0.50  inch  at  Nottingham,  and  o  80  inch  at 
Cambridge.     The  general  mean  fall  was  1.34  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  6;h,  the  highest  temperature  was  59" 
at  Perth  ;  the  highest  at  Edinburgh  was  53°'5*  The 
general  mean  was  56°. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  3t°.5  ^t 
Perth  ;  the  lowest  at  Paisley  was  37'.8.  The 
general  mean  was  35". 7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Greenock, 
47". 4  ;  and  lowest  at  Dundee,  44". 9.  The  general 
mean  was  46"*. 5. 

Rain,  —  The    largest    fall     was      2  41    inches    at 
Greenock  ;  the  smallest  fall  was  o  45  inch  at  Dundee 
and  Perth.     The  general  mean  fall  was  i.ii  inch. 
JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Errata  (in  week  ending  October  30). — The  general 
mean  grea  Cit  ranges  of  temperature,  for  53*.S  read 
16°.  7  ;  and  the  general  mean  daily  range  of  tempe- 
r  .ture,  for  6°.5  read  "]",%. 


inquiries. 

"  He  that  questio'teth  much  shall  leaiti 


itiicA/'—BA 


Hautbois  Strawberry. — Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  inform  me  if  the  old-fashioned 
unfertilised  Hautbois  Strawberry  is  still  in  cultivation  ; 
if  so,  where  it  can  be  had  ?  There  is  one  variety  here, 
but  not  what  is  wanted.  It  is  of  a  greenish-grey  colour 
when  ripe,  and  very  little  flavour  with  it.  The  name  of 
it  is  not  known  here.  P.  J.  B. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

Notice.— Ozi/2«!jf  to  pressure  on  our  space  several 
reports  of  Chrysanthemum  Shows  are  deferred  till  next 
week. 

Address  of  Mr.  R.  Cutler,  Secretary  to  the 
Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institution  : 
/•'.  C.  No.  50,  Parliament  Street,  Westminster,  Lon- 
don, S.W. 

Books  :  IV.  M.  Mushrooms  for  the  Million,  by  J. 
Wright,  published  at  the  office  of  the  Journal  of 
Horticulture,  \-ji.  Fleet  Street.  Price  u. — A'.  Dar- 
win on  Movejnetifs  of  Plants,  and  on  Insectivorous 
Plants,  are  to  be  had  from  John  Murray,  Albemarle 
Street. 

Broccoli  :  W.  W.  The  name  of  the  place  whence  the 
photograph  came  was  so  indistinctly  written  that  we 
must  be  pardoned  for  making  the  mistake  in  the 
spelling  of  it. 

Chrysanthemums  Mrs.  Forsyth  and  Culling- 
FORDI :  Enquirer.  According  to  the  National  Chrysan- 
themum Society's  ruling,  these  are  reflexed  varieties. 

Cinerarias  Rotting  :  A,  Z.  The  decay  may  be 
caused  by  over-rich  soil  combined  with  too  much 
water.  We  noted  the  drainage  of  the  pots  might 
have  been  better.  Use  a  little  flowers  of  sulphur  and 
powdered  charcoal,  dusting  the  plants  round  about 
their  base,  and  do  not  let  the  stream  of  water,  when 
watering  them,  strike  the  rootstock,  but  pour  the 
water  at  the  side  of  the  pot. 

Coral  Plant  :  VV.  M.  P.  fe^  Co.  Several  plants  go 
under  this  name,  but  we  think  you  mean  the  Coral- 
tree,  a  variety  of  which  {Crista  galli)  is  used  in  sub- 
tropical and  other  styles  of  bed  planting. 

Ergot  :  C.  P.  This  is  caused  by  a  fungus  which  attacks 
the  grain.  It  is  a  poison  to  cattle  and  to  human 
beings  if  taken  in  quantities,  We  do  not  know  how 
to  prevent  it.  but  all  the  specimens  that  can  be  got  at 
should  be  burned. 

EucHARis  :  G.  F.  IV.  Name  from  eu,  something 
special  ;  and  charis,  charm.  The  proper  name  is  E. 
grandiflora.  It  is  a  native  of  New  Granada,  where  it 
was  originally  discovered  by  M.  Triana.  It  was  first 
described  by  Messrs.  Planchon  and  Linden  in  vol.  ix. 
of  the  Flore  des  Serres.  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
December  8,  1855.  p.  804. 

Galls  of  Abies  nobilis  :  T.  These  are  the  result  01 
the  attack  of  a  coccus-like  insect,  akin  to  that  which 
produces  American  blight  on  Apples.  You  will  find 
an  account,  with  figures,  in  our  number  for  July  22, 
1882,  p.  109.  Parafine  emulsion  applied  with  a  spray- 
producer  will  kill  the  insect. 

Herbaceous  or  No?  J.  C.  The  Iberis  of  which  you 
send  such  fine  flowering  specimens  is  certainly  not  an 
herbaceous  plant. 


Insect  :  J.  T.  Next  week. 

Names  ov  Plants  :  H.  W.  1,  Asplenium  Tricho- 
manes  ;  2,  A.  Cystopteris,  probably  C.  fragilis  ;  but 
the  specimen  is  not  in  condition  ;  3.  herbaceous 
plant, Sis  Tricyrtis  hirta. — A.  Sim.  A  Solanum,  but 
we  do  not  know  the  species. — A.  W.,  Esher.  Cotoneas- 
ter  frigida. — R.  E.  H.  Probably  Aerides  virens. — F.  T. 
A  pale  form  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  ;  will  probably 
develope  into  a  good  thing. — A.  B.  A  very  distinct 
and  prety  variety  of  Odontoglossum  crispum. — 
y.  U  .  M.  Cypripepium  javanicum,  Ccelogyne 
fimbriata.  —  A.  C.  Odontoglossum  tripudians.  — 
R.  B.  \V.  A  very  fine  specimen  indeed  of  Lselia 
aulumnaiis  var.  atro  rubens.  The  Cymbidium  is  C. 
Mastersii. — O.  7.  A  variety  of  Ficus  edulis.  A 
native  of  New  Caledonia, 

L^LiA  Crispa — Leaf  Diseased:  y.  H.  Probably 
caused  by  excessive  moisture,  and  little  air. 

Mealy  Bug  on  Vines  :  Old  Subscriber.  You  may  get 
rid  of  it  by  using  the  parafine  emulsion  on  the 
Vines  in  winter,  washing  all  the  woodwork,  walls,  iS:c. 
with  the  same ;  and  shovelling  out  the  top  soil.  Then 
paint  the  woodwork  and  limewash  the  walls.  Use 
methylated  spirits  in  the  summer  time  if  bug  should 
appear. 

Roses  to  Grow  Out-of-Doors  for  Market  ; 
I'lridis.  The  following,  or  any  of  them,  could  be 
used  (or  the  purpose  in  the  South,  but  the  Teas  would 
not  be  suitable  north  of  York  :— Anna  Alexieff,  H.P.  ; 
Beauty  of  Waltham,  H.P.  ;  Celine  Forestier,  Noi- 
sette ;  Charles  Lawson,  H.P.  ;  Devoniensis,  Tea; 
G^nt5ralJacqueminot,  H.P.;  Gloire  de  Dijon,  Tea;  Ho- 
mere,  Tea  ;  La  Boule  d'Or,  Tea  ;  La  France,  H.P.  ; 
Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  B.  ;  Madame  Falcot.  Tea 
(fine  bud)  ;  Mar^chal  Niel,  T.N.  ;  Marie  Baumann, 
H.P.  ;  A.  K.  Wilhams,  H.P.  ;  Captain  Christy, 
HP.;  Niphetos.  Tea  (the  best  white);  Mrs.  C. 
Wood,  H.P.  ;  Marshall  Prevost,  H.P.  ;  Senateur 
Vaisse,  H.P.  ;  Victor  Verdier.  H.P.  ;  Marie  Ducher, 
Tea  ;  and  Innocente  Pirola,  Tea. 


Communications  Received. — J.  Carter  &  Co.— T.  L  — 
C.  R.  H.— J.  Crook.-T.  F.  R— C.  J.  F.— T.  W.  S.-W. 
Wilkinson.— N.  E.  B.—W.  S.— W.  J.— J.  D.-H.  J.  R.— 
J.  I. -A.  D.  W.— J.  V.  &  Sons.— J.  F.— W.  B.  H.^T.  W. 
— T.  W.  R.— A  Subscriber.— H.  R.--W.  F.  (next  week). 
— William'  Wright.— Prince  Troubetzkoy,  Bordighera. 


larbts. 


COVENT   GARDEN,    Nove?nb£r    11. 
No  alteration  ;    market  still    remains    quiet.    James 
Webber,   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

f.  d.  s.  d.  1  s.  d.  s.  d. 

Apples,  J^-sieve  ..  16-36  Pears,  per  dozen  ..  10-16 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..  06-26  Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  16-20 
Kent  Cobs.  100  lb.  . .  65  o  ■  . .  —  St.  Michael,  each  16-66 
Lemons,  per  case    ..18  0-36  o  I  Plums,  J^-sieve      ..   09-20 


Vegetables.— Aver  AGS  Retail  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 

Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-.. 
Aubergines,  each     ..  03-  .. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb...  06-.. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  04-.. 
CarroLs,  per  bunch..  06-.. 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..   16-20 
Cucumbers,  each    ,.06-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .   10-20 
Herbs,  per  bunch   ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch   ..  03-  ,. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,   10-16 
PoTATOS  :  —  Kent  Regents,  Bos.  to 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  looi.  ;  Magn 


Mint,  green,  bunch  o  4- 
Mushrooms,  punnet  1  6-  ; 
Mustard  and    Cress, 


Potatos,  per  c 

„  kidney,  per  cwt  40-50 
Shallots,  per  pound,,  03-.. 
Spinach,  per  bushel  30-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..09-.. 
Turnips,  bunch        ..04-    . . 


;  Schoolmasters,  yos. 
OS.  to  Soj.  per  ton. 


Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia    Sieboldi,  per 

dozen  ..  ..6 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6 
Bouvardias,  do?.  ..  9 
Chrj'santh.,  per  doz.  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4 
Dracxna  terminalis, 
per  dozen  . .         •  .30 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...  12 

—  hyemalis,  doz.  ..18 

—  regeiminans,doz.  8 

—  various,  dozen..   9 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6 


0-18  o 
0-18  o 


16-7 


Evergreens,   in  var. 

per  dozen  .. 
Ficus  elastica   each..  »  u-  7 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-12  o 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  40-60 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  o 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  o 

per  doz.  , .   30-60 

I'nmula  sinensis.doz.  40-60 
Solanums,  per  dozen  9  0-12  o 


Pela 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  i 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  ..  c 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  c 
Camellias,  iz  blooms  ; 
Carnations,  12  blms.  1 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  t 

—  12  bunches       ..   1 

bunches     ..  ..    '. 

Eucharis,  per  dozen  - 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  ; 
Gladioli,  12  sprays.,  i 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  c 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  t 
Lapageria,  red.  12  bl.   i 

—  white,  12  blooms  : 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms.. 


0-40 
0-60 


Marguerites,    per   1 

bunches 
Mignonette,  12  bun, 
Pelargoniums,  per  1 


bunche: 
PlTethrums    12  bun.   ■ 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  < 

—  red,  per  dozen  . ,  1 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  . 
Tropccolums,  12  bun. 
Tuberoses.  12  blms.. 
Violets,  1 2  bunches. .   : 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  ..  ., 

—  Czar,  Fi.,  bunch  ' 


WHOLESALE  BULB  CATALOGUE. 

Contains  List  of  all  Varieties  of 
ENGLISH,    DUTCH,    and    FEENCH-GROWN    BULBS. 

frrces  {I 'try  Law)  mny  be  had  on  application. 

Special  Quotations  for  the  following  In  quantity:— 
100,000  SINGLE  DAFFODILS.  [eyed). 

50,000  NARCISSUS  POETIC  OS   (Pheasant- 
50,000  NARCISStJS   (Double  White). 

CHIONODOXA    LUCILI.a;,     large, 

English-Brown. 

100,000  SCILLA  SIBIRICA,  rich  blue;  bloom- 

ing  same  lime  as  the  Snowdrop. 

10,000  HYACINT  -  S,  mixed,  all  colours  ;   fine 

sample,  very  che.-ip. 

100,000  CROCUS  (Yellow). 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed   and    Bulb    Mbrckants, 
13,    EXETER    STREET.    STRAND,    LONDON.     W.C. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  ia  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 


SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  \ 

includins  Descriptive  '*  List  of  Naw,  Rare,  ano 
Choick  Ferns."  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Fsrns,' 
free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

SPECIAL     CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stoclc  is  now  olTered  for  Sale. 

The  lUuslrattd and Descriplire  CA  TALOGUE  o/FR  UlTS 

Post-free. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 


THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgnvorth,  Herts. 


lUlT  TREES 


CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

A    SPECIALTY.  SEND     FOR    NEW 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE. 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CATALOGUES    Post-free. 

M  HHEAL^QONS 

U  B  ^    Crawlej,        \m  Sussex.. 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 


Strong  Roots,  ^s.  per  10 
ditto  in  large  pot«,  255    pe 

RICHARD  SMITH 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


mall  pots,  t6j.  per  i. 
stive  LlsT  tree- 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
destaiption.  Price  6s.  per  bushej 
(ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
6d.  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  primed  cultural  directions 
.  enclosed,  with  our  si^natuie  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Mircbants.  Hi^hgal 


FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRIC-llS,  and  other  FRUIT  TREES, 
as  Standards,  Dwarfs,  Pyramids,  Bushes,  Cordoo,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES,  excellent  Canes,  -{■:.  6il  to  loj  M.  Orchard  House 
Treesin pots,  PEACHES,  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  Si.     FIGS  from  31.  6d. 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  of  the  various 
forms  of  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure.  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping,  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Size.  Form,  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour,  Use,  Growth,  Dur.ition,  Season,  Price, &c.,  free  by  post 


RICHARD    SMITH    8c    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


November  13,  t886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


635 


Extract    from    the    "Lady's    Pictorial"    of  23d  Oct.,    1886. 

vince  our  readers  that  they  deserve  the  highest  praise. 
"  It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  the  immense 
advantages  of  obtaining  goods  in  this  manner  direct 
from  the  original  manufacturers,  since  there  remains 
literally  only  one  man,  and  therefore  only  one  profit, 
between  the  wool-producing  animal  and  the  person 
who  eventually  wears  the  woollen  goods.  Where 
there  is  only  one  profit  to  be  made,  as  in  this  case,  it 
is  clearly  evident  that  the  purchaser  must  benefit 
largely,  since  there  is  no  middle  man  to  swallow  up 
the  intermediate  gains.  This  being  so,  our  readers 
will  do  well  to  make  the  most  of  their  opportunity, 
and  write  at  once  for  Patterns,  which  are  naturally 
greatly  in  demand  at  the  present  season  of  the  year. 

"  We  must  mention  as  specially  appropriate  just 
now  the  Darlington  Cross-warp  Serges,  tne  all-wool 
follies,  and  the  Gold  Medal  Cashmeres,  for  these 
materials,  together  with  all  the  other  Darlington 
Dress    Fabrics,  are  fine  and  soft  in  texture,  artistic  in 


"  Most  of  our  readers 
are  already  familiar  with 
the  beauty  and  merit  of  the 

Darlington   Dress  Fabrics 

Manufactured  by  Messrs. 
Henry  Pease  &  Co.'s 
Successors,  at  the  Mills, 
Darlington. 

'■  The  Novel  Patterns 
and  Designs  especially 
prepared  for  the  present 
season  are  exceptionally 
u^x^'t.*  successful,  both  as  regards 
colour  and  texture,  and 
we  can  thoroughly  recom- 
mend these  goods  to  the  notice  of  our  readers  as 
being  entirely  suitable  for  autumn  and  winter  wear. 
Large  Boxes  of  Patterns  will  be  sent  immediately 
upon  application  at  the  above  address,  and  the 
novelty  and  beauty  of  the  fabrics  will   quickly    con- 


>     A      ^y 


colouring,  and  entirely  novel  in  design." 


[Established 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  successors,  DARLINGTON.TS 

All  Parcels  are  Carriage  Paid,  and  any  Article  can  be  Changed  within  Seven  Days. 

BOULTON  &  PAUL,  HORTICULTUEAL  BUILDERS,  NORWICH. 


Boulton    &   Paul's    CUCUMBER 

FKA.MES  are  always  in  slock,  ready  to 
be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  They  are 
made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  Irom  the 
best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  special  require- 
ments, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  Frames  are  of  i^  in.  boards,  24  in.  high 
in  front,  bolted  at  the  corners,  and  easily 
taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  Lights  are 
2  in.  thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one 
handle  at  the  top,  and  the  whole  painted 
four  coats.  The  Glass  is  English,  21-oz. 
weight.  Packed  and  sent,  carriage  paid, 
to  any  station  in  England  and  Wales,  to 
Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork,  Glas- 
gow, and  stations  equivalent.  Cases  are 
allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  75.— Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame.    All  bIzss  in  Stock. 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.       Width.  Price. 
2-LiGnr  FRAME  . .    8  feet  by  6  feet  ^3     5    c 

3  ,.          ,,         ..12  feet  by  6  feet  4  12    6 

4  ,,          „         . .  16  feet  by  6  feet  600 

5  ..          ..          ..  20  feet  by  6  feet  776 

6  ,,          ,,         ..  24.  feet  by  6  feet  8  15     o 
Smaller  Frames  are  made.      See  LISTS, 

Post-free,  of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus, 
Garden  Frames  in  every  variety  ninde.  Gar- 
den Implements.  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and 
everything  required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure 
Grounds,  post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  by 
appointment  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 


.  Months  t 


„,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  O.  O. 


commencing 

^^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office   must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^3 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  £\  3^.  \od.  ;    6  Months,  l\s.  lld.  \    3  Months,  ds.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  £1  ds.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  £1  Zs.  id. 

P. 0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to   W.  RICHARDS. 

■  :j:»*  fji.i  Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND."  ,,.,..    . 


636 


777^     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[November  13,  18S6, 


DOUBLE    TUBEROSES.— Extra    fine. 
MORLE  AND  CO.  offer  the  above  cheaper  than  auy  House 
in  the  Trade.     The  principal   Covent  Garden  Market  growers 
purchase    regularly  of  us,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  quality. 
For  price  per  loo.  rcoo,  or  5000,  write  for  Special  LIST. 
I  and  2,  and  162,  Fcnchuich  Street,  E.C. 


ONE  THOUSAND  ONE  HUNDRED  and 
FIFTY  Choice  FLOWER  ROOTS  for  One  Guinea, 
carriaee  paid  to  any  address.  For  contents  see  Bulb  CATA- 
LOGUE (rom 

MORLE    AND   CO.,  Wholesale   and   Retail    Seedsmen  and 
Bulb  Importers,  1  and  2,  and  r62,  Fenchurch  Street.  E,C- 


DUTCH  and  other  FLOWER  ROOTS.— 
MORLE  AND  CO  'S  Choice  BULBS  gained  ist  and  2d 
prizes  last  season  in  comepetition  with  others  cosling  double  the 
money.  Everything  best  quality,  at  lowest  prices.  See  CATA- 
LOGUE, free.  — 1  and  2,  and  162,   Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 


Myrobella. 

PRUNUS  MYROBALANA,  or  CHERRY 
PLUM.— The  best  stuff  for  Mendng  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  fast  in  poorest  soils.  Much  stronger 
lh.»n  Whiiethorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Slock  for  the  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  t  ■>  3  feet,  sent  on  lecept  of  6f.,  50  lor  v. 
Full  further  parliciihrs  of 
_EW1NG  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 20  inches  high-Latania  bo. b  mica,  ij.  M.  ;  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ir.  6d.  :  Areca  lutescens,  \s.  bd  ;  Phoc  .ix 
reclinata,  js.  6d  ;  Euierpe  edulis.  is.  6d.  ;  Cory^jha  australis, 
IS.  6d.  :  six  for  8<..  or  125   6d.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEUDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  ss  to  51.  each 

PALMS,  line  healthy  plants.  r2  inches  high— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seaforlhia  elegans, Phoenix  tenuis  and  Phccuix  re:linata, 
6d,  each,  or  4s.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  $5.  to  50s.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

IVAf.    RIDLEY,   Maritzbiirg,  Natal. 

(The  Original  Grower.) 
These  splendid  Bu'bs,  superior  to  any  in  the  market,  are  now 
being  supplied  to  the  Trade  and  Growers  at  greatly  reduced 
prices,  and  such  as  defy  competition.  Special  quotations  given. 
Cases  free.  Terms  net  (ash  1  month.  For  further  particulars, 
apply  to 

WM.      G.      MAC      GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.C. 

TO       THE       TRADE. 

CAPE         BTJLBS. 

THE  CAPETOWN  BOTANIC  GARDENS 
arc   Booking  Orders  lor  BULBS,  deliverable  in  January 
and  February.     T.ade  LIST  on  application. 
Collections  at  our  selection  only  made  up  f  jr  Retail  Customers. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4^.  per  bushel ;  100  for  255.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

40X.  ;  4-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.   bd.    per    sack  ; 

5  sacks  25J.  ;  sacks,  id.  each, 
BLACK  FIBROUi  PEAT,  5J.  per  sack,  s  sacks  jai.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  is.  qd.  per  bushel ;  151.  per  half 
ton,  26s.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  ba^s,  ^d.  each. 

VELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  II   per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  81.  td.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  (or 
Price  LIST.— H.  O.  SMYTH,  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


THOMSON'S      IMPROVED     VINE     and 

-      PLANT    MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
solely  on  our  premises  here.     Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 


and  direct  from  u 
Our   London  Agcn 


nbe  had  from  all  Nu 


I  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Gala.shiels,  N.B. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 
Qoallty,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ..    5J.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  zar.  td. 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   ^s.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  2aj. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    is.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  25s. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     "1 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  (.ij.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     (         (sacks  mc.uded). 

PEAT  MOULD } 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ij.  6<l.  per  bush. ,  i4!.half  ton,  sit.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     id.\h.    28  lb.  t8s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  ,.         (Speciality)    8rf.  lb.,  28  It,  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack 
CHUBB'S  -'PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits,  Vegetables, Jtc.  Tins,  is.  6d. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3r.;  14  lb., 55.;  281b.. 8r.;  561b., 14^.;  icwt,22S. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  bestquahty  only-i4lb,  31. ;  28  lb.,  55.  6a.: 

561b  ,  lof.  dd.:   I  cwt  .  lys.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  21  6d 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  ts.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13:.  ;  20  sacks,  t-js.  ; 

30  sacks,  25J  ;  40  sacks,   30J.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  rail, 

asr.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  21.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


FAWKES'  Slow-combus- 
tion HE  ATING  APPARA 1  US. 
—Most  efficient  and  cheapest  in  ex- 
istence.  Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting.  Will  last  all  night 
without  attention.  Will  bum  house 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel  Any  one  can  fix  it.  A  do- 
mestic strvanl  can  stoke  it. 

Boilers  Delivered  Carriage  Paid 
from  £2  lOa 

Numbers  in 
use  all  over  the 
country. 

Only  Slow 
Combustion  Ap- 
paratus    of     the 

Beware  OJ  tn 
tfficient     tncom 
plele  Af/.arat«s 
which    itiill 
Ust  all  mghl. 

Full  particu' 
and     Prices      _ 
every    sized   Ap 


'% 


Tes 


CROMPTON    &    FAWIK 

CHELMSFORD. 


ES, 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH     GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATEa    APPARATUS. 

^..r; ^i     fijll    cheapest. 


ihe  front  only  being  outside, 
ihe  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  Boiler 
5   utilised.       Ii  burns  over  twelve 
/iihout  attentioD.  at  a  nominal  cost. 
Price,  as  engraving,  with  Boiler,  of  eo 
feed  syphon.  12  feet  of  4-inch  hot-water  pipe,  and  patent  j  riats 
complete,  £^  4s.      Delivered  free  to  any  station-      D  scount  /or 
ca.'-h.     Cost  of  apparatus  complete  for  Greenhou  es  as  below 
delivered  free  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  leady  tor  tix  ng    — 
JO    X    6  leet      ..^4     M     o     I     20   X    10  feet     .     £         00 
12    X    8  fett     ..5       I     o         25    X    12  feet    .       6     16     8 
15    X    9  feet      ..      5     10     8     I     40   X    16  feet     .      12     12     4 

Froportiona  e  prices  for  other  size^.     Est'mate;j  f  ee 
Illustrated    LIST,  with  full  particulars  of  these  and    every 
descripticn  of  Fuel,  Gas,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free 

DEANE  &  CO., 

*""f£f ^'^Tl  U  N  b  0  n"'b  rTd  G  E. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  teet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ot  16-0Z>  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  (rom 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &     SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  St.  Johns  Street,  West  SmlthQeld,  London,  EC. 

Sli^k  List  aftd  Prices  rm  affiltcatum.      Quote  Chrcnicle. 


"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,. 


)'.&<:::- 


m\ 


I79-5'   or  HEAT 
S  CONSUMED    LESS    FUEL    S 
^^P^fRODUOED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHEL  OF 
S?bF  ANY  B€ILER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOl. 

s  \N0N  FIRST  PRiZEifj  THE  1000 r"T 

'        ALSO    FIRST  PRIZE.tJ  THE  500F.-T 

Si=       1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  "TSg. 
S.D'PREVIOUS  AWARDG.I6   PRIZE  MEDaLSS  DIPLOMAS 
LONDON  I  5  REDCROSS    s^    s    VICTORIA  DRY  CLAZItJG  WORKS 
•©FFICE  I    SOUTHWARK  S'  "Sjv^         HARLOW  .  ESSEX 


HOT-WATF  R     PIPES. 


NO  LOOSE  RINGS 

■RICHAEDSOllo-  i-Aiil.-T   UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 


Cimplei 


:ady    for    Fixing, 


Fixed 


application  to 


"Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilei 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMFANY  (Limitbd), 

Mansfield.  Notts, 

Makers  of  Garden  Roiltrs,  Vases,  Fountains,  Seals,  &c. 

London  Agent:    W.    SIMMONS,    it.   Crooked   Lane,   EC 

C.     FRAZER, 

Horticultural  Builder,  Norwich. 

THE  "RAPID"    PROPAGATOR 

best  and  cheapest 
king  cutlirgs,  raising 
or  propagating  any- 
requinng  a  bottom- 
Strongly  I 


No.  2.  3  feet  6  inches 
high  by  3  feet  long  by  a  feet 
wde,  £2  lOs 

Packing,  53. 


Can-  aee  pa  d  to  any  Ra  Iway  Station  in  England  and  W 
ilso  to  Edinburgh    G  asgo  v    Dublin  and  Belfast. 

Illu  trated  Cata  o^jues   post-free,  two  penny  stamps. 
S  c  Al     rt  [  alternate  vjeeki. 


Russia  Mats— RafBa. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,    of  all    qualities        RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  &c.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm      Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER.  lames  St..  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  :-6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  3j.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  25.  3d.  ; 
6  tt,  6  in,  by  7  ft.,  at  3t    ii.     Appiv  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  Clinton,  Tring,   Bucks. 


— S, 


HOT-WATER       HEATING 

STEVEN    BROS. 

4,        trPPEB        THAMES        STREET, 


APPARATUS. 

&,    CO., 

LONDON,        E.C. 


BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Sf  c. 
Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


November  13,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


637 


HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-'^ae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

(la  e    R.CHAKD    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Eslablished  Haifa  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, supo'v  the  purest  Anthracite  fir  Horticultural  purpose'. 
COLLIERY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY,  SOUTH  WALES. 
Londoa  Offices    anil    Depot.   3,    Mileage   Station, 

Paddlngton,  W.— The  G.  C.  G.  Co  will  be  pleased  to  furnish 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  ai  inferior  Anthracite  is  oftea  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  Re'erences  permitted  to  some  of  the 
fitNt  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  ! 

ROBERTS'S         PATENT, 

for  Greenliousea,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  .'•TOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
andampleheatwithcommoncoal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamnhlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentet's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria    Street,    Westminster,     S.W. 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER, 


HOT-WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  description. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boileis. 

Improved  Ventilating 

Arranorement 


'M 


'^ '^^  ■•  for  G.  eeiihouses,  &c. 

All  kinds  of  HOT- WATER  II EATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    RAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PUBPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,   BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


ARCHANGEL,  TAGANROG,  PETERS- 
BURG, and  DUNNAGE  MATS,  at  the  lowest  prices. 
RAFFIA  FIBRE,  new  arrival,  at  reduced  price.  SEED 
BAGS  and  SACKS.  ROPES,  LINES  and  TWINES,  TAR. 
PAUHNS  and  HORSE  CLOTHS.  Prices  on  application. 
JAMES  T.  ANDERSON,  149,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E 

OU  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
XTILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH 

J"^  for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


pant 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  suhstitu  . 
any  outdoor  work,  while  ii  is  fully  two-ihirdi  cheaper. '  n  wiis 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
Its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imiutors,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requinng  no  mixing 
--  thinning,  and  is  u-^edcold.     It    is  used   in  the   grounds  at 


Aatteriog 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 


Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  th^ 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  50  gallons  each,  at  \s.  SJ.  per  galloa, 
at  the  Manu  actory,  or  ts.  Sd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowk,  E^q  .   T/t^  RyUys.  Al.ierUy  Lod^e 

••Some  twcniv  years  ago  I  used  >our  Ehck  Varnish," and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  1  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wnnd  nr  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine 

Large  illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles.  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,   near    Dudley ; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  ."Street,   txindon    E.G.  ;  and 
1^6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


CONTRACTORS    TO     HER    MAJESTY'S     WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATEB,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inchea  to  66  Inches  long. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOG UE,  i  Tth  Edition, price  is. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME." 


i    THE 
I  QUEEN. 


CAMBRIC 


TRISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-L  KERCHIEFS,  Hemmed  (or  Use.  Per  dozen-ChiW- 
ren's.  Is.  2d.  ;  Ladies',  2s.  VAd  ;  Gentlemen's,  Zs.  6d. 
Hemstitched  —  Ladies'.  2i.  IVAd.  ;  G.nts',  4!.  \\d. 
Samples  post-free. 


I 

RISH 

MADE 

SHIRTS 

Best 

Oiia 

litv 

L"ni;cl 

3th   Bodies, 

with   four-fold 

all 

l.inen 

Fronts 

t.l 

T*.  35i. 

id.  the  half 

dozen  (to  mea 

is.  ex 

tra) 

Vew 

Ue 

Signs  in 

our  special 

ndian  Gauze. 

P.l 

mcd  SI 

irtings 

un 

hrtnkable  Flanrelsfor 

the  season. 

'  These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  exosUaaoe  and  ch.s\x>nesi."— Court  Joi 


TRISH  LINEN 

J-      Collars— Ladies'  a 

COLLARS  and  CUFFS. 

nd    Children's   three-fold,    3j.    bd. 

four-fold,  4r.  llrf.  to6i.  11a.  per 

do^en.  Cuffs  for  Ladies, 

Gentlemen,  and  Children.  6j.  ll.i'. 

to  IOj.  ^d.  per  dozen. 

'  Their  Irish  Linen  Collars,  Cuffs. 

Shirts,  &c. ,  have  theme 

it  of  excellence  and  cheapness  " — 

Court  Circulnr      Samn 

es  prtvt-free 

POCKET 


"Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— 7^« /•arf)'. 


TRISH  LINENS.— R 

-L     bleachtd,  2  yards  wide,  1 

eal  Irish  L 

men 

Sheetin 

gs,  fully 

.8/.  teriard 

V,i  yards  wde 

2.  VAd. 

per  yard  (the  mosi  durable  art. 

c'e  made,  and 

ar  -1 

peiiot  to  a 

.y  fore.Bn 

maiufaciured  good-)-   Koller  1 

owelline,  18  m 

chei  V 

»i^e,  Z'Ad 

per  yard. 

Surolice  Liner.  Id    rer  ja-d 

Check   lJu,te 

rs,  Z.t 

6d  ,   Gla 

s    CInlhs, 

4*   %d.   per  dozen.     Fine   Line 

ns  and    Linen 

1)1. 

e-s  S'A'. 

per   yard. 

Samples  DO't-free.     Frilled  Lin 

en  P  How  Cas« 

sfron 

1-.  VAd 

edlh. 

TRISH     DAMASK    TABLE     LINEN.— Fish   Napkins, 

-L  2r.  ^d.  tier  dojen.  Dinner  Napkins,  ts.  6d.  per  dozen.  Table  Cloths,  2  yards 
square.  2s,  9d.  ;  2]4  yards  by  3  yaids,  Bs.  6d.  each.  Kitchen  Tab  e  Cloths, 
ll]4d.  each.  Strong  Huckabuck  'Towels,  4r.  4^.  per  dozen.  Monograms,  Cients. 
Coats-of-Arms,  Initials,  &c.,  woven  and  emhroidered.     Samples  post-free. 


HANDKERCHIEFS. 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST 

{^By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M,  the  Queen  and  H.I,  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany.) 


638 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


November  13,  1886. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. 

.f,o 

^ 

0 

15  Lines... £0    8 

5      „     . 

.     0 

1 

6 

16      „ 

...    0    9 

6      „     . 

.  0 

4 

0 

17     „ 

...    0    9 

7     „    . 

.  0 

4 

6 

18     „ 

...    0  10 

8     „    . 

.  0 

1 

0 

19     „ 

...   0  10 

9     .,    • 

.   0 

1 

6 

20     „ 

...   0  II 

10     „    . 

.  0 

6 

0 

21     „ 

...   0  II 

11     „    . 

.  0 

6 

6 

22     „ 

...   0  12 

12     „    . 

.  0 

7 

0 

23     „ 

...   0  12 

13     „    . 

.   0 

7 

6 

24     „ 

...   0  13 

14     „    . 

.  0 

S 

0 

25     „ 

...   0  13 

across  two  C  ilumas,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

:ross  three  Columos,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40s. 
Page             ..         ..         „          ..;t9     o     o 
Half  Page  ..         . .         _         „     5    o    o 
Column       3    5    0 


GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6d,,  and  6d.   for  every  additional  line 
(about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.—  Advertisers  art  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  art  opened  by  the  autlteritits  and 
rttumtd  to  tilt  sender. 

biRTHS,  Deaths  and  Marriagbs,  5J.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week   MUST   rtach  thl  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  Unitro  Kingdom  :   12  Months,  il   3S.  lOd.  ; 

6  Months,  113.  lid.  ;    3  Months,  63. 

Foreign  (excepting   India  and   China) :    including    Postage, 

£1  6S.  for  12  Months :    India  and  China,  £1  83.  2d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C..  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  London,  W.C. 

WATCH  CLUBS.— AGENTS  WANTED 
everywhere  to  Form  Clubs  for  Kendal  &  Dent's  cele- 
braled  Gold  Medal  Wa  ches.  Members  pay  is.  per  week  lor 
Watches.  Clocks,  Jewellery,  Electroplate,  Cutlery,  Musical 
Inslrumeats,  Optics,  &c. — Apply  early  for  particulars.  Illus- 
trated Catalogues,  &c.  (po.t-lree),  of  KENDAL  AND  DENT, 
ic6,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.     G:eat  success. 

E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Send  your  Name  and  Address,  and  mention  this  paper,  and 
receive,  per  return,  post-free,  sample  and  particulars  of 

SMITH'S-COLCHE  STER 

LIYE-LOI(}  CAl^DY, 

THE      BEST     DIGEST'  "'='  ' 


Heaviness  or  Burning  on  the  Chest  and  Fulness  after  Meals ;  or, 
taken  at  bedtioip,  by  its  warmth-givinE  and  Stomachic  proper- 
ties Promotes  Sleep.  A  small  piece  dissolved  in  the  mouth 
when  exposed  to  damp  and  cold,  Warms  the  Chest,  and  pre- 
vents those  injuries  which  arise  from  Chills.  It  is  invaluable 
to  all  SroRTSMEN,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Duchess  of 
Beaufort,  the  Marquis  of  Waterford,  &c.  Price,  is.  i%d.,  21.  grf., 
and  4J.  6d.  ;  of  all  Chemists.     Be  careful  to  buy  only  Smith's- 

COLCHESTER    LlVH-LONG   CaNDV,    PREPARED    BY 

SHENSTONTE  (Late  Smith  &  Shenstone),  CHEMIST, 

COLCHESTER,  as.  in  consequence  of  us  p.  pu^anty,  and  the 
commonness  ol  the  name  (Smith),  imitations  are  life. 

Ptr  post,  IS.  4'/.,  3J. ,  and  5^.  ;  or,  sample,  free. 

Crj. ARDEN    REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
^     Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Work,  Manures,  &c.       Cheapest  prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London.  E.C. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Mercliaiits,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
(roe  on  application.— 4  aqd  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C 


BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  «.  6/.,  51.  €d., 
and  lol.  dd.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery, 
men  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills. 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  to 
yards  each,  at  los.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  zj.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  5J  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  las.  bd.  per 
bag.  SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  us.  per  ton. 
WALKER  AND  CO..|Farnboro-  Station,  Hants. 

e'  LP  —  K  E^L  P"^  K  E  L  P  .  — 

This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  made  from  ihe  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digitata  and  other  selected  seaweeds, 
is  especially  rich  in  Potash,  and  Phosphoric  Acid-  Mi.\ed  with 
three  times  its  bulk  of  dry  soil,  its  effect  on  Vine  Bjrder?, 
Ttmato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene- 
ficial, while  no  better  dressing  exists  for  Potato-,  Peas,  Sea- 
kale,  and  Celerv.  It  is  an  excellent  Renovator  for  Old 
Garden  Soil,  and  exhausted  and  Moss-grown  Lawn?.  Price 
(for  cash  with  order  only),  8j.  per  bushel-bag,  bag  included. 
Cheap  ihrough  rates  vtA  Southampton  or  Weymouth. 

J.   E.   FEREY,  La  Poudretterie,  St.  Martins.  Jersey. 

N.B.  — As  the  Seaweeds  selected   for  this   Ash  can  only  be 

haivested  duiing  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  months, 

and  then  at  some  distance  from  the  mainland,  the    supply  is 

necessarily  limited,  and  Orders  will  therefore  be  executed  in 


E    P    P    S'  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  ami  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressmg  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  \s.,  35.,  and  los.  6d. 

/r:j.ISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 

V.-^      wet     ground.       Boxes,    td.    and    is.,    from  the    Trade, 
Wholesale  from   PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 

(Limited).  London. 

W.    H.    LASCELLE8    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121     BUNHILL    BOW     LONDON     EC 


W     H     LASCELLES 
eve  y  desc   p  on   of   HORTICULTURAL   \\ORK    I 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  in  v 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Wails,  Paths,  and  S 
«ent  ppst-free  on  application 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
In  England,  ready  giajed  and  painted: — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packmg  cases  free     jta  15     o 

12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  „         »>  4  '5     o 
6  feet  long,  5  fcei  wide,         „          „         „  3  15     o 

13  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  „         „  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAT      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 
...     .  /.    ,  MANCHESTER, 


TO  BE  SOLD,  Six  V-shaped 
GREENHOUSES,  all  new  woodwork,  50  ft-  by  14  ft.  ; 
one  Vuery,  .00  ft.  by  t^  ft.;  14  ft.  rn„f;  lean-to.  .Sliding 
sashes  leady  for  fixing.     No  reasonable  tffer  refused. 

H.  R.  A.,  28.  Tavistock  Cresctnt,  Wtslbourne  Park,  W. 

LAGSTONE     EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or    Walks  under  Trees.      Prices,   8,/.,   lod., 
IS.  per  yard  run. 
The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  Yorks. 


F 


PROTECT  YOUR   PLANTS 

"FRIGI  DQMr' 


REGISTERED 


TRADE  MARK 


B.roR  PRICE  LIST  &.  PARTICULARS  Address- I 
ENJAMINFDGINGTON 
3 Dc/KE  S^  KA  London Bfi/Da£\ 

Bosher's  Garden  Edging  Tllea. 


IHE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made     in     materials    of     great     durability.       The 

plainer    sorts  are  specially 

'  suited  for  KITCHEN 

GARDENS,   as  th«y  har- 

■    no    Slugs  or   Insects, 

up   little    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES.  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES. 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES-  als<i 
for  FOXLEV'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

lUuitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plainer 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &lc.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &C. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Toti 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AtJD  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  WharvM. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

Accidents  ot  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 
Capital  £1.000.000.       Income  £216,000. 

Compensaiion   piid     for     112,000    Accidents,    .^2,215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Fakquhar,  Esq. 
Apply   to  the  Clerks   at   the   Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  ;-8,  Grand  K^tel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  1—64,  Cornhill,  London,  EC. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

3ne  desirous  of  Renting  a    Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  ^'  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  MidUind  Counties  Heraid 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

EVUE   de    I'HORTICULTURE    BELGE 

et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  .and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Re\iew) — i2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are;  — 
\  Allard,  E.  Andr^,  C.  Ualtet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  CriTpin, 
O  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira,  ■ 
H  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  oi  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  p.ages,  8vo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engra\ings. 

icrms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  : — One  year, 
14^    payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office:  134,  Rue  de  Bruxtlles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post  office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent.  -- 

WORKS    OF    AUTHORITY    ON    BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PA.XTON'S  BOTANICAL 
DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History,  and 
Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Biitain,  together  with  a  full 
Explanation  of  Technical  Terms.   Medium  8vo,  cloth.  Price  25^. 

BOTANY  lor  BEGINNERS. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Examiner.in  Botany.  University 
of  London.     With  upwards  of  too  Illustrations.     Price  3i.  6d. 

LINDLEY'S      SCHOOL      BOTANY. 
A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.    With  400  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth.     Price  jj.  6,^ 
London:    BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    AUD    CO.,    Bouverie 

Street, E,c.^  -.i, ,,;.„,,■.:. i',  \\,.:~:;j^~(^  ^'^V  1 


NOVSMBER   I3,[l886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


639 


CHOICE     BOTANICAL     BOOKS 
with  Coloured   Plates  for  Sale  :— 
"ANDREWS  HEAIHS"  3  vols. 
"  ILLUSTRATED  BOUQUET,"  ,  vols. 
"LE  JARDIN   FRUITIbR  DU  MUSEUM,"  7  vols. 
"REGION'S  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING,"!  vol.,  large 
paper.  All  solendidly  bound. 

For   price,    apply,    bjr   Utter   only,   to  BOOKS.  CardeHfs' 
ChrciicU  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  C  alie 
Business-South  of  England.-E.  SHERWOOD.  Esq.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London.  E. 

WANTED,  a  good  GARDENER,  married, 
without  family.  No  Glass  at  present.  Must  uider- 
stand  O.ch  ds.  Otalting,  Planting,  .-ind  have  a  knowledee  of 
Live  Stock.  Wife  to  attend  Laundry.  Housewoik.  Poukry. 
&c.— Apply  by  letter,  J.  G.,  Messrs.  Moitlock,  Oxford  Stiect, 
London,  W. 

WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  in 
a  small  Country  Nursery.  Must  have  a  good  know- 
ledge  of  Budding,  Gia  ting,  and  to  Propaeate  Hard  and  Soft- 
wood'd  Plants.  Testimonials  wiih  references  from  last  silua- 
tioa.-H.  AND  F.  SHAKPE,  Wisbech. 

Nursiry  Foreman 

WANTED,  a  MAN,  with  lliorough  know- 
ledge of  Forest  Trees,  Hariiy  Deciduous  Evergreen 
Shrubs,  &c..  Propagation,  Cultivalion.  and  Routine  of  Depart- 
ment. Applicants  s-ate  age.  experience,  aid  wages  ex- 
pected.—A.  Z.  Gardeners'  ChromcU  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED      IMMEDIATELY,    a     MAN, 
well  up  in  Cucumber  and  Tomato  Growing.— Apply, 
al.  High  Street,  Cardiff. 

WANTED,  TWO  experienced  young  MEN' 
in  the  Stoves,  used  to  Nursery  Wo.k.    Gc  od  characters 
indispensable.— W.  ICETON.  Putney  Paik  Lane.  Pulney.  S.W. 


Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  an  ASSISTANT 
SHOPMAN.  Must  be  ac.ive,  indu.trious.  of  gjcd 
address,  and  accustomed  to  a  pu-hing  Counter  Traoe. — 
THOMSON'S,  no,  High  Street.  Birmingh.im. 

WANTED,  in  a  London  Retail  House,  a 
JUNIOR  SHOPMAN,  with  knowledge  of  Counier 
Trade  and  Neat  Wti.er.  —  Apply  by  letter  only  to  W.  M., 
Ga'dmers'  Chronicle  Office,  4.,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

ANTED,  a  sharp  active  young  MAN,  for 

a  Seed  and  Florist's  Estab!ishment-one  wiih  a  few 
experience  and  knowledge  of  Office  Work.  —  State  age 
aryrequired.to  THOMAS  HORjMAN,  Ilkley. 


WANT    PLACES. 


w 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — Tlie  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting 
is  bv  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.—ln  many  imtattcei 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  rtccived  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
hevond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
0/  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
thtir  iXames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS. 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  gl.id  to 
furnish  pirticulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  ro8.  High  Street,  Dumfries.  N.B. 

Gardeners,  Undf  r  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm.Cutbush8t  Son.  Highgate  Nurseries,  London, N. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
paztictUars,  &c— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester, 


ID     S.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 

J— '•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requirmg  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — HoUoway,  N. 


To  Gentlemen  and   Growers. 
1YTANAGEK,     where      choice      Fruit,     Cut 

-^'-*-  Flowers,  &c.,  are  required  to  be  Grown  extensively  for 
market. —Advertiser,  thorougniy  experienced,  is  open  to  en- 
gagement as  above.  — G.  H,,  i,  Athelst-n  Read,  Harold  Wood, 
Romlord. 


G1  ARDENER  (Head),— Age  39,  married  ; 
'  lour  in  family.  Thoroughly  understands  the  various 
branches.  First-class  testimonials  from  Australia  (eleven  veais). 
— WM.  DURKANT.  FuUar's  Passage,  Great  yarmoulh. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  39;  thoroughly 
e,\perienced  inall  Branches,  including  Orchids.  A  suc- 
cessful Grower  :  recommended  bv  a  Gentlemin  :  with  him  eitht 
years.-G.  R.,  Ivy  House.  lialham  Hill,  S.W. 

/-ZIARDENER    (HEAD).-Good     Grower    of 

V^  Choice  Fiuit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  also  Early  and 
Late  I-orcing.  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and 
industry.— 5,  Colnbrook  Place.  Twickenham. 


(-:<  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 

V^  family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  Brarches.  Good 
Manager  of  Men,  &c.,  and  accustomed  to  take  entire  charge  of 
a  good  Garden  Eslabli.-hraent.  Highly  recommended  — 
G6.URGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kimbolton,  St.  Neots. 

ARDENER   (He.\d)  ;   age   29.-R.    Hub- 

IUKD.  The  Gardens,  Rush  ton  Hall,  Kettering,  is  at 
liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  reqiu.iog  a 
thoroughly  practical  man^     Fifieen  years'   experience  in  large 


ablishn 


Good  reference 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  2S.— W. 
BUGGINS,  Steward  ard  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon. 
Lord  Aimuly.  Woodlands  Casile,  Clonsilla,  Dubhn,  would  have 
much  pleasure  m  recommending  his  KDreman  (James  CowardJ 
as  Head  Gardener  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
thorough  practical  and  energeuc  young  man  of  excellent 
nd  abilities.    Can  be  highly  recomm-.nded  by  piesent 


nployei 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Edward 
Pavman.  Gardener  to  the  Hon.  F.  Ltveson-Gower. 
Holmbury,  Uurking,  will  be  glad  t3  recommend  his  Foreman 
who  hai  lived  with  him  four  year=.  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man  in  want  of  a  good  honest  Working  Gardener. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30, 

married;  seventeen  years' experience.  Six  years'  guud 
character  from  present  siiuttion.  Leaving  through  reducing 
establishment.— J.  ELWOKTHV,  Scampston  Gardens,  Ril- 
lington,  York. 


/'::i.ARDENER  (Head  Working).— A  Lady 

Vj  highly  recommendsher  Head  Working  Gaidener,  wel  up 
in  all  departments  of  a  Lirge  Garden,  Fcrcing  of  Flower=, 
Fruit  and  Vegetables,  and  Land  aid  Stock.  Total  abstainer 
With  Lady  eight  yt.irs.  — GAKDIiNER,  The  Priory,  Waltham- 
stow  ;  <or  teMimouials,  Mrs.  Hughes,  77,  Ho  land  Park,  W. 


/-:!  ARDENER  (He.\d),  or  good  GENERAL 

VJ^     foreman.— ;£5   bonus  to  whoever    procures  Adver- 

ti.er  a  gT^d  situation.     Excellent  testimonials  and  reierences 

H.    H  ,    Gardenen'    Chronicle   OfBce,  41,   Wellington  Street 
Strand.  W  C. 


/'::j.ARDEN£R  ;      age     30,     married.  —  The 

V  J  Advertiser  wishes  to  lecommend  a  competent  Gardener, 
who  has  lived  with  him  over  three  years,  and  who  is  thoroughly 
ste.idy  and  troslwo  thy.— W.  E.  GREEN,  Esq  ,  Belgrave. 
Sandoiin.  Isle  of  Wight. 

GARDENER,  Scotch;  age  40.— Edward 
George,  for  the  last  six  and  a  half  years  Gardener  to 
J.  W.  Boord,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Ockenden,  Cuckfield,  Sussex,  and 
previously  for  eltvcn  years  Gaidener  to  the  Earl  of  Clancarty, 
at  Garbally,  seeks  another  engagement  owing  to  hts  late 
employer  leaving  Ockenden,  through  the  expiration  of  the 
lease.  Adveitiser  has  had  great  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening,  and  has  been  specially  sucCiSbful  in  the  prcfitable 
Culture  ot  Fruits  under  Glass.  Reference  kindly  permuted  to 
J.  W.  Roord,  Esq..  14,  Berkeley  Square,  W.— 21,  Stamford 
Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 


/^ARDENER    (Single-handed).— Age  46, 

Vj  ma  ried,  two  children  :  ui  dersiands  Gie^ihiuie  PUi.t-, 
Vines,  Cucumbers.  Mebns,  and  Ho»tr  ar.d  Ki.chen  Garden. 
Two  year,'  character  from  prestnt  imployer.— W.  CHARL- 
TON, The  Fortune  Cottages,  K.ckman.worih,  Hens. 

C ^ARDENER  (good  Single-handed,  or 
■^  where  more  are  kept). —1  horoughly  understantis  the 
Forcing  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and  Vegetab'es,  also  good  Flower 
and  Kiichsn  Gardener.  Three  years'  good  character  from  last 
situation.  — H.  A.  S.,  90,  Belsize  Road,  South  Hampstead, 
London.  N.W. 

ARDENER  (WORKING,  good  Second).— 

married  :  seventeen  years'  practical  experience.  Ener- 
getic and  trustwcr  by.  Bcstot  te^iimonials  for  character  and 
abilities  ;  with  Lodge,  Three  ard  a  half  years'  first-class 
character  as  Head.— J.,  Gardener,  15,  Hydeside  Terrace,  Lower 
Edmonton,  Middlesex. 


GARDENER   (Under). —Age  20  ; 
reference  from  Lord  Haldon's  Gardens.     Can  be  : 
London  if  desired.— WM.  hUZZACOTT.  Kennford,  Ex 


GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden.  In  or  Out  of  H  juses.— .^t;e  is,  single  ;  good 
references.  Abstainer.— W.  R.  6,  Burr  Road,  Merion  Road, 
Wandsworth.  S.W. 


TjIOREMAN,  m  a  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 

-IJ       establi.hment.  -  Age     25.  —  G.    WOODMAN,     The 

Gardens,  Ciiffe  Castle,  Keighley,  Yorkshire. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  good  General. 
— Age  27  ;  eleven  and  a  half  years*  experiece  in  all 
branches.  Good  references  —  J.  ROGERS,  Backhouse's 
Nuiseries,  York. 


"p'OREMAN,  in  Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's 

■*-  Garden.— Age  24  ;  excellent  character  from  last  and  pre- 
vious suuations.— ROriERl"  GRAHAM,  39,    Union    Street, 

FOREMAN  ;  age  26.— Mr.  Birch,  Gardener 
to  Sir  W.  Eden.  Bart.,  Windlestone  Hall,  Feriy  Hill, 
Durham,  can  with  confidence  recommend  a  man  as  above.— 
Address  as  above  or  S.  HARRISON,  Stone  House,  Scotlands, 
Wolverhampton. 

FOREMAN.— A.  Gibson,  Gardener  to  T.  F. 
Burnaby  Atkins.  Esq.,  HaUtead  Place,  Sevenoaks,  Kent, 
will  be  pleased  to  recommend  Robert  Johnstone  as  Foreman. 
He  has  lived  on  this  estate  as  Foreman  lor  three  years.  He  is 
well    up    in  Plants   and    Fruit  Culture,  and   a   thorough  good 

IT'OREMAN,      or      PROPAGATOR      and 

-L  GROWER.— Age  25  ;  well  up  in  Pelargoniums,  Bou- 
vardias,  Solaniums,  Fuchsias,  Double  Primulas,  Ferns, 
Hydrangeas,  Stove  Plants.  Cut  Flowers,  Beddmg  Stuff, 
Cucumbers.  Tomatos.  &c.  Cannot  act  as  Salesman.— J.  LAM- 
BERT, r,  Bailey's  Lane.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

POREMAN,     or     PROPAGATOR    (Hard- 

A  woidsd)  — .4ge  27,  mariied  ;  good  Salesman  and  Wreath 
and  B.^uqiiet  Maker.  Four  years  in  present  situation  as  such. 
-EDINA.Huth  Hannah.  Seedsman.  Bank  Street,  Edinburgh. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses.— 

^^^^^  "   single  ;  seven  years'  experience.    Good  references. 
-GEORGE  BARKER,  The  Nurseries,  York. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 

fJ  Age  23  :  nine  years'  experience.  Can  be  well  recom- 
mended^—H^J^47^JJppeiPail^^  London,  N.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 

^  establishment.— Age  20:  six  years'  experience  in  large 
places.  Well  up  in  his  work.  High  y  recommended.-J.  H.  M., 
Steward.  Narrow  Water  Castle,  Newty,  Co.  Down,  Ireland. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  InsiJe 
and  Out.— Ape  26:  seven  years'  experience.  Good 
character.  —  F.  SMITH,  The  Gardens,  Oaklev  House, 
Gledhow,  Leeds. 

JOURNEYMAN.— Age  2i  ;  seeks  engage- 
ment under  Foreman.  Respectable,  intelligent,  and  most 
useful  y,  ung  man.  Abstainer.— Mr.  LE-AffS,  Biikicre  Gardens, 
Chorley.  Lancashire. 


JOURNEYMAN,     in     a      Nobleman's      or 

f-r  Gentleman's  establrshmenl. — Age  24  ;  seven  years'  expe- 
prlence.  Good  references  Bothy  preferred.- W.  GREEN 
Kingsthorpe.  Norrhampton, 


TMPROVER;    age  19.— C.  PuzEY  wishes  to 

-L  recommend  a  young  man  as  Improver  in  a  good  establish- 
ment ihree  and  a  half  years  in  present  situation.— C. 
PUZEV.  Scampton  Garden",  Rillmeton.  York. 

COWMAN,  assist  in  garden  on  a  Gentleman's 
Estate.— Married  :  good  Poultry  min.  Four  and  a  half 
years'  reference  fro^  present  empljyer.  —  W.  COLLVER, 
Dennis  Road,  East  Molesey. 


CLERK,  SHOPMAN,  or  TRAVELLER.— 
Age  26  ;  ten  years'  experience  '1  horoughly  conversant 
wih  all  branches  of  the  Trad?.  First-class  references  from  past 
and  present  employers— G.  H.,  James  Meredith,  Setdiman, 
Golden  Sqijsra.  War  irgion. 

HOPMAN  (He.\d),  M.ANAGER   or  TRA- 

VELLER.- Advertiser  wiih  erghteen  years'  experience 
in  all  branches  of  the  Trade,  desires  re-engagemenL  Is  a  good 
jud^e  of  Clovers,  Grasses,  and  Agricultural  Seed  Trade 
generally.  First-class  references.  Age  33 —W.  WEBBER, 
College  Street,  St.  Albans.  Herts. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  22  ;  at 
present  in  first  class  Scotch  h.  use.     Excel'ent  references. 
— T.  C,  Dicksor.sstCo..  1.  Waterloo  Place.  Edrnburgh. 


SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.  —  Age  25  ; 
nine  years'  experience  in  all  departments.  Presently 
first  counter  hand  i'l  a  Scotch  house.  First-class  references. — 
D.  C.  FLETCHER,  112.  Eglinton  Street,  Glasgow 


To  tin  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant). —Age  20;  six 
years' experience  Well  acquainted  with  all  departments 
of  the  business.  — G.  H.,  Gardeners'  Chrcnicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

HANDYMAN,  on  Gentleman's  Estate  or 
Nursery —Well  up  in  Greenhouse  Bui'ding,  Garden 
L'ghts,  Barrows,  Painting,  and  Glazing.- J.  N.,  26,  Collin 
Street.  Plactheath,  S.E. 

'PO  FLORISTS.— Wanted,  a  re-engagement 

-L      by  a  thoroughly  experieuced  young  Lady  ;  five  years' 
experience.- W.  G.  I  ,  14.  Hish  Street.  Kensington,  W. 


'V\0      FLORISTS.  — A     young     Lady, 

X.      experienced,    seeks  a  situation   in    a    Florist's.— G.  C, 
59.  Jngrave  Road.  Clapham  Junction,  S.W. 

cTTlORISTS,    or    FRUITERERS    and 

FLORISTS.— A  young  Lady  seeks  engagement  as  above. 
Thorough'y  experienced.  Good  references. — F.  C,  s,  High 
Slreer,  Kensington,  W. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.  — Wrong  made 
Right.  — Every  day  that  any  bodily  suffering  is  per- 
mitted to  continue  renders  it  more  certain  to  become  chronic  or 
dangerous.  Holloway's  purifying,  cooling,  and  strengthening 
Pills  are  well  adapted  for  any  irregularity  of  the  human  body, 
and  should  be  taken  when  the  stomach  is  disordered,  the  liver 
deranged,  the  kidneys  inactive,  the  bowe's  torpid,  or  the  brain 
mudcled.  With  this  medicme  every  invalid  can  cure  himself, 
and  those  who  are  weak  and  infitm  through  impcfect  digestion 
may  make  themselves  strong  and  stout  by  Holloway's  excel- 
lent Pills.  A  few  doses  of  them  usually  mitigate  the  most 
pam^ul  symptoms  caused  by  undigested  food,  from  which  they 
thoroughly  free  the  alimentary  canal  and  completely  restore  its 
natural  power  aod  action. 


640 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  13,  1886. 


FOSTER     &     PEARSON, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS, 

BEESTON,     NOTTS. 


THEL-CHILWELL  NURSERIES"  BOILER 

REGISTERED 


EXPiANATIOlI 


R£TURN  PIPE  INTO 
■£S  BBBBB 
BBB  TO  B 
TO    BOX     £ 

rrr    to  boxcs  hh  i 

////      TO    BOXES   /<K     AfJO      fHENCe      IHTO     BOX    L 


FFFF. 


THE      BEST      BOILEB      FOB      GEEENHOUSES. 


WHAT     THE     NURSERYMEN     SAY 


Fiom  Messrs  J.  B.  PEARSON  &  SONS,  Chilwell  Nurstriea,  Notts, 
"  The  '  Chilwell  Boiler  '  has  given  us  unqualified  satisfaction  from  the  first, 
being  the  most  powerful  and  economical  we  have  yet  tried.  The  draught  is  so  good 
that  we  can  burn  any  kind  of  fuel,  and  get  up  the  heat  in  less  time  than  with  any 
other  boiler,  while  it  is  at  the  same  lime  under  perfect  control." 

"From  Mr.  EDWIN  COOLINa-,  Mile  Ash.  Nurseries,  Berby. 

"  I  am  very  pleased  with  the  new  Boiler.  It  does  its  woik  admirably,  and  heats 
the  water  in  less  time  than  any  boiler  I  have  ever  had.  Your  boiler  is  doing  the  work 
of  ten  fi'-es,  and  doing  it  much  better,  with  less  than  a  quarter  of  the  labour  in 
stoking.      It  has  been  severely  tested  during  the  late  h.ird  weather,  and  proved 


quUe   equal  to   its   work.      We   find   it  easy  to  manage,  quick  in  its  action,  and 
very  economical." 

N.B. —  '^  his  is  a  ii-ftet  Boi'er,  heating  $iqo  ft-et  of  a^-inck  fipe. 

From  Messrs.  W.  BAKRON  &  SON,  ElvaBton  Nurseries,  Derby. 

"The  i2-feet  Chilwell  Nurseries  Boiler  is  very  satisfactory.  It  heats  seven 
houses,  containing  3000  (eel  of  pipe,  which  formerly  required  three  boilers,  thu^^ 
effecting  a  considerable  saving  in  labour  and  fuel.  The  water  heats  and  circulates 
much  more  quickly  than  from  a  saddle  boiler,  and  the  fire  can  be  banked  and  left  lor 
hours  without  further  attention.  During  the  late  severe  weather  we  have  never 
touched  the  fire  bet^^een  10  i'  M   and  6  a  m." 


SPA^  FRAME  on 


The  "LIVERPOOL"  BOILER. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  '*  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street.  Covrnt  Garden,  London.  W.C, 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradburv,  Agnew.  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  tba 
iiid  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41.  V"  ~  _    ..     .-  _ ^ 


\  Street.  Parish  of  St.  Paul's 


t  Garden,  in  the  said  Coimty.— Saturday,  November  13,  1 


Ag'-.nt  for  Manchester — JOriN  Hbvwood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


estat)li6t)eli  1841. 


No.  673.-V0L.  XXVI.  {s^rs.}  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  20,  1886. 


1  Registered  at  the  General  )      Price   6d. 
Post-office  as  a  Newspaper.  jPosT-FREE,  sjrf. 


CONTENTS. 


Asters,        suppl 
litpfpe: 


■al 


Carter's  Provident  Sick 
Fund 

China,  botanical  rambles 
in  South 

Conifers,  notes  oa  seed- 
ling 

Crataegus  pinnatifida  var. 


Cyprpedium  Spi 
abnormal 

planted  out 
Florists*  flo*ers  .. 
Flower  garden,  ihe 
Flowers  in  season 
Foreitry    .. 
Fruii  reg'ster 

,.     treeplantatior 
artificijl 
Fruits  u  d-rr  g  a  s 
Horlicullu'al  p.Uce, 
Humea  ele^ans    . . 
Kitcheo  g-rden,  the 
Leaves,  dimjiphism 
Leeks 
Masd. 
Narcissus    viriditlorus 

ary— 


glaphyrantha   648 


Odont'-glossum 

tumpallens        .. 
Orchid-houses,  the 

Orchids  at  Mr.  B.'s.  Wil- 
liams'        

Palms,  garden  .. 
Pandanus  variegatus 
Passiflora  Waisoniana  .. 
Pe  argO'iiums.  Ivy-Ieaved 
Plants  and  their  culture 
Potito?and  Peas,  raising 
brei   .. 


Rose) 


the 


ndRc. 


Lew 

Lute 

North  of  Scotia: 

Reading 

Southampton    . . 

Stoke  Newington 

Watford 

Wilts  Horticuhurat     .. 
Soneritas    .. 
Tobaccj    crop,   handling 

th; 


Tomato; 647 

Tadentices        ..  ..666 

Van  a  Dearei       . .  . .     648 

Weather 666 

Wrench,    Messrs.     J.     & 
Sons*  tria!-g  ounds     . .     65* 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Nannorrhops,  a  Ha  dy  P^lnr 
Pandanus  varieg-tus 
Passiflora  Watson  ana 


*/  OUR  ALMANAC  for  1887. 

Secretaries  of  Provincial  and  Metropolitan 
Horticultural  Societies  are  invited  to  send 
us,  as  soon  as  possible,  the  Dates  of  their 
Meetings  and  Exhibitions  during  the  en- 
suing year,  so  as  to  ensure  their  insertion. 

Now  Read7.  In  cloth.  16s. 
TflE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

I         Volume  XXV..  JANUARY  to  JUNE,  1886. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

BIRMINGHAM    and     MIDLAND 
COUNTIES    CHRYSANTHEMUM,    FRUIT,    and 
FLORICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

The     TWENTY-SIXTH    ANNUAL    EXHIBITION    of 
CHRYSANTHEMUM    FRUIT,    &c.,   will    be  held  in  the 
Town    Hall,    Birmingham,  on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURS- 
DAY, November  24  and  25               J.  HUGHES,  Secretary. 
Metchley  Lane,  Harborne,  Birmingham. 

PINE  PLANTS  for  SALE.— Thirty-six 
Charlotte   Rothschild,  and  Twenty  Smooth    Cayenne, 
clean  healthy  slutT,  in  6-inch  pjts  :  all  well  rooted.    Ajply  for 

DICKSON,  BROWN  &  TAIT,  Seed  Merchants,  Manchester. 


KASPBERRY  CANES  to  SELL.  —  The 
famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Latu  Exp'Cst  Also  a  large  quantity  of  choice  sorts  of  PLUM 
TKKES  DAMSON  TREES.and GOOSEBERRY  BUSHES, 
at  per  loo  —Apply  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks.  Kent. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  AND  CO.,  SEED 
Merchants,  Sleaford,  having  now  completed  Harvesting 
their  selected  Stocks  of  SWEDES.  TURNIPS,  MANGELS, 
and  other  varieties  of  Agriculiural,  Kitchen  Garden  and 
Fbwer  Seeds,  will  have  much  pleasure  in  making  Special  Offers 
to  the  Trade  on  application. 

OSES   (Strong   DwarP— best    H.P.  kinds, 

asj.  per  loj  j  finest  named  CARNATIONS  and  PICO- 
TEES.  3oi.  perioo;  TREE  CARNATIONS,  u  best  sorts.  551. 
per  100  ;  stiong  Spruce  FIRS,  for  Christmas  Trees,  3  to  3  feet, 
;£S  per  1000.— W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

EIGHTY^THOTjSAND  CLEMATIS,"  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Smgle  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  lar.  to  24J.  per  dozen,  suoog  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants.  Worcester. 

LIMES   —   ELMS—  LIMES. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best    red-twigged    variety,     12   to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  r4  to  16  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Norlhnmpton.  


QEAKALE    for    Forcing,    superior    selected 

^3  Crowns,  9:r.  per  loco  ;  under  500.  lor.  per  100.  Orders 
to  be  accompanied  by  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order  —ALFRED 
ATWOOD,  Grower,  51,  ShUlington  Street,  Ballcrsea,  S.W. 


WANTED,  the  ADDRESS  of  Mr.  JAMES 
BRYDONE,  formerly  Gardener  to  Sir  V.  R.  Corbet, 
Bart.,  Acton  Reynald,  Shrewsnury. 

Please  reply  to  0.  E.  HARRIES,  Saddler,  Shrewsbury. 

MESSRS.  FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO., 
Orchid  Importers.  Colchester,  beg  to  announce  that 
Ihelrnew  interleaved  CATALOGUE  of  Orchid  Specialties  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  application  to 

FRED.  HORSMAN  and  CO  .  Colchester. 

SPIR^A        JAPONIC   A, 
fine  imported  clumps,   izr.  fid.  per  100. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  (German  Crowns),  very  fine. 

Low   oflTers  on  application. 

WATKINS   and   SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 

Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C.  

ROSES— ROSES  — ROSES.  — The    finest 
Dwarf  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  6r. 
tier  dozen,   package   included.     Special  prices  for  quantities. 
The  Trade  supplied. 
A.    U.   GORRINGE,    75,   Terminus    Road,   Eastbourne. 


ROSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  The  best 
and  cheapest  in  the  world.  Forty  choice  Perpetuals  for 
2[r.  Purchaser's  seleciion  from  400  best  varieties.  CATA- 
LOGUES free  on  application.  Ten  acies  of  Roses,  ioo,coo 
grand  plants  to  select  from. 


JAMES  WALTERS,  Ro 


.  Exeter. 


EXHIBITION  of  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
— Now  on  View,  all  the  recent  Novelties,   many  pro- 
mising Seedlings,  and  all  oM  Standard  varieties  ;  the  most  cam- 
plete  Collection  in  the  Trade. 
LISTS  Gratis  on  application.     Inspection  cordially  invited. 
JOHN    LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,    Forest    HiP,   S.E. 


FLOWERING  SHRUBS.— LILAC,  MOCK 
ORANGE.  WEIGELA.  ALMOND,  ALTHEA,  BER- 
BERIS,  CHERRY,  CYTISSUS,  HYDRANGEA.  HYPERI- 
CUM, MEZEREUM,  RIBES,  SPIRjEA,  RHUS.   VIBUR- 
NUM.&c.:  81.  per  dozen,  sot.  perioo.    Descriative  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 


A   ZALEAS 

LOUIS  EECKHAUTE.TheN 
near  Ghent,  Belgi 


and      CAMELLIAS     in    bud, 

prices.      Apply 


St.  Dennis- Westrem, 


LILY       OF      THE      VALLEY. 
Good  clumps  ^or  forcing,  ijr.  and  i8r.  per  dizen. 
Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL'S   Establishment  for  New  and  Rare 
Pl.nts.  536.  King's  Road,  Ch.l.ea,  London,  S.W. 

PRIVET. — A  Large  Stock  of  exceedingly  fine 
bushy  oval-leaved  Privet,   4  to  6  feet  high.     Price  on 
application  to 
T.  JACKSON  and  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on-Thames. 

O  THE  TRADE.— Green   EUONYMUS. 

spleodidt  well-grown  stuff,    i  foot,   isj. ;  i}^  foot,  i6i.  ; 
2  feet.  25*.  per  loo  :  very  strong  and  bushy. 

A.  U.  GORRINGE,  75.  lerminus  Road.  Eastbourne. 


GRAPE   VINES   (Black  Hamburgh),   extra 
strong,  short  j  minted,  and  well  ripened  Planting  Canes, 
31.  6(/  :  strong  Fruiting.  Cut  back,  sr  to  JS.  6d, 

GEORGE    MORRIS.   Gardener,  Shardlow,   Derby. 


MESSRS.  GREGORY  and  EVANS, 
NuRSEavMEN.  Sidcup.  and  285,  286.  287,  288,  Flower 
Maiket.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any 
quantity  for  their  Commission  Department.  Boxes  and  Labels 
supplied. 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  Commission,  Sidcup." 

n  U  E  L  C  H      AND     B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

NoithRow.CoventGarden,  London,W.C.,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  olTer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Gra(>es,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c. 


s 


QUELCH     AND     BARNHAM, 

giving  personal  attention  to  all   consign ments,  they  are 
enabled  to  obtain  the  HIGHEST  MAKKET  PRICE. 


s 


QUELCH      AND     BARNHAM, 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


Floral  ConuulBBlon  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  givbg  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oljtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 


Important  to  Growers. 

WISE  AND  RIDES  are  Cash  Purchasers 
of  good  and  well-packed  Blooms  of  the  following  : — 
EUCHAkIS,  STEPHANOTIS.  ROSES.  ORCHIDS, 
really  fine  Specimen  Floweis  of  CHRYSANTHEMUM,  &c. 
Send  sampler  and  state  quantity  to 

WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


w 


ANTED,  a  few  Thousand  Dwarf  BRIER 

STOCKS  from  Cuttings.     Sample  and  price  to 
J.     CHEAL     AND    SONS,    Crawley,    Sussex. 


THE      BEST      NEW      CULINARY 
PEAS  for   1887  are 
ECKFORD'S    ••  MAGNIFICENT." 
ECKFORDS    "  VICTOR." 
ECKFORD'S    "  DIGNITY." 
In   sealed   packets   only.       For   pa'ticulars  vide  GardefUrs' 
Chronicle,  October  3^,  page  550.     Descriptive  LIST  on  appli- 
cation.    Now  being  sent  out  by 

WILLIAM    BULL,    F.L.S.,    Establishment  for  New  and 
Rare  Plants  and  Seeds,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


Notice. 
King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford  (Established  1785). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  "Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited),"  these  Old-estabiished 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  18S6,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"  JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO.'" 
King's  Acie,  Hereford.— October  t.  1886. 

Dissolution  of  Partnership. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  the  last  ten  years 
Copartner  with  John  L«ing.  at  Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  has 
PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS  known  as  the  tast  Surrey 
Seed  Warehouse  (established  upwaids  of  5}  years).  North  End, 
Croydon.    CATALOGUES  in  a  few  days 

Dissolution  of  Farcnerslitp. 
JOHN   LAING  AND  CO.,  of  the  Stanstead 

r*  Park  and  other  Nurseries,  Sbedsmen  and  Florists, 
Forea  Hill,  S.E  ,  have  DISSOLVED  PARTNERSHIP,  as 
and  from  October  31,  1886.  All  DEBTS  due  and  owing  by  the 
Firm  will  be  RECEIVED  and  PAID  by  JOHN  LAING,  who 
will  in  future  ca-ry  on  the  Busines  in  conjunction  with  his  two 
sons  and  with  the  assistance  of  all  the  Foremen  and  other  Heads 
of  the  various  Departments. 


E 


Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 
ERGREENS. 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

Just  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85  ;  con- 
taining  all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful ;  oQenng  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Walk, 
Colchester. 

DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOGUE.  —  Roses, 
Fruit  Trees.  Rhododendrons.  Conifers.  Deciduous  and 
Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs  Climbing  Plants  for  walls.  &c. 
Forest  Trees,  Axaleas,  Camellias.  &c      Free  on  application  to 
H.  LANE  AND  SON,  The  Nurseries.  Berkhamsted,  Herts. 


sandy 


A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,     grown     in 
loam. — Thousands  of    Rhododendron   ponticui 
biense.    hybridum.    and    all    the    choicest    named    varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  i,  2,  to  3  feet,  beautifuUv  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand,  on  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO.,  King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 


IriNE     SPECIMENS      of     STOVE     and 
.       GREENHOUSE    FLOWERING  PLANTS  and  EX- 
OTIC FERNS. 

Apply,  HY.  JOHNSTON,  Elm  Ridge,  Darlington. 


LAING'S  DUTCH  BULBS.  —  The  finest 
Roots.  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS,  NARCISSU*:.  CRO- 
CUS, SNOWDROPS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  SPIR/EA, 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs,  importations  from  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

ILIUM     AURATUM.  —  Good,     plump, 

sound  Bulbs,  6j..  gr,,  i2j.,  i8s.,  and  241.  per  dozen; 
extra  strong.  301.  acd  421.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL'S  Establi,hment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


KENTIA  SEEDS. — A  new  importation  just 
come   to  hand  ;    75  per  cent,  guaranteed  to  germinate. 
For  Trade  price  and  sampler  wcite  to 
H.  DAMMANN.  Jr.  Breslau.  Germany. 

HAMPTON      COURT     BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH  VINES.  — Extra  strong  FruitinR  Canes  of  the 
above,  and  all  other  leading  varieties,  at  greatly  reduced  prices. 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kmgston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hamp'on  Court. 

INES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black    Ham- 

burgh  and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  loi  td,  each  ;  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines.  55.  and  7r.  dd.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition.     CATAL03UfcS  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO  (John  Cowan). 
Limited.  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

Grape  Vlnea  and  Strawberrlea  On  pots). 

FRANCIS  R.   KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
Stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 
Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 
full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  : 
also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 
Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 
THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION 
10,  CuUiun  Street,  London,  E.C. 


642 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[November  20,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Bulbs-Bulba-Bnlbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street. 
Co.eot  Garden,  W.C,  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  Fiist-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted 
to  suit  all  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Monday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7=77  ) 

120O  first-class  DWARF  ROSES  to  name,  just  received  from 

an  eminent  Grower  in  Prance,  including  many  choice  sorts. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his   Greit  Rooms.  ^8, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on   MONDAY   NEXT, 


November  : 
Cm 


ing  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next— (Sale  No.  72/9) 
HARDY   SHRUBS.  ROSES,  BULBS,  &C. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  Kine 
Street  Covent  Garden,  W  C.,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
November  i*.  fine  RHODODENDRONS.  AZALEA 
MOLLIS,  RETINOSPORAS,  LAURELS,  FLOWERING 
TREES  and  SHRUBS,  CUPRESSUS,  &c.;  also  Standard 
and  Dwarf  ROSES  from  well-known  Enelish  Growers. 
BORDER  PLANTS  in  quantity,  Barr's  DAFFODILS,  LILY 
of  the  VALLEY,  SPIR-EAS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tnursday  Next  -(Sale  No.  7280  ) 

10,000  Grand  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM,  just  received 

rom  Japan  in  the  finest  possible  condition. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the 
above  in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great 
Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURS- 
DAY NEXT,  November  25. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next. -'Sale  No  728).) 
VALUABLE    ESTABLISHED    ORCHID?. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  at  his  Great  Rooms  38,  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NtXT,  November  25. 
at  half  past  12  o'Cloclt  precisely,  a  sp'eodid  bt  of  ESTAB. 
LISHED  ORCHIDS,  in  excellent  health  and  condition, 
comprising  many  new  and  rare  specimens,  including  — 

Laelia  elegans,  extra  specimen  and  variety. 

Cymbidium  purpureum  pendulum. 

lajlia  Dominiaoa  (hybrid). 

Cypripedium  enryandum,  fine  specimen. 

Saccolabium  Reedii,  very  rare. 

Cypripedium  grande  (hybrid). 

ASfides  Ballantineanum. 

Cypripedium  Godefroyae,  C.  Arthurianum  (h>  btid). 

Aerides  Wilsonii,  pure  white. 

Angutoa  Ruckeri.  fine  specimen. 

Lje'ia  species,  Odontoglossum  niveum  majus. 

Coelogyne  cristata  maxima. 

Cypripedium  nitens  (hybrid). 

Dendrobium  nobile  Cooksoni,  D.  hercoglossum. 

Cypripedium  amanthum  superbum  (hybrid). 

Masdevallia  Roezli,  Masdevallia  Crossii, 

Cypripedium  calurum. 

Ccelogyne  ctistata  alba. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Dutcb  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY.  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheap^ide,  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  tt  o'clock  precisely  each  day. 
extensive  consignments  o(  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CRO- 
CUS, NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS  from  Holland.Jn 
cellent  quality,  and  lotted  '         '"    '     -^     •    -    '  "  "— 

Onv 


Monday  Next. 

Soco  LILIUM  AURATUM.  splendid  Bulbs,  just  received 

from  Japan. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  the  SALE  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on 
MONDAY  N  EXT,  November  22. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next. 

CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS,  DRAC/^NAS,  and  other  Plants 
from  Belgium;  600  well  grown  STANDARD  and  DWARF 
ROSES  from  an  English  Nursery  ;  a  choice  assortment  of 
HARDY  BULBS,  and  English  grown  LILIES  in 
variety  :  CARNATIONS,  LILIES  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPIR/EAS,  Barr's  DAFFODILS,  Roman  HYA- 
CINTHS, S.C 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and   MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  b/  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale   Rooms,    67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  November  24.  at  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next, 
4CO  Standard  and  Other  ROSES.  English  grown,  and  all  true 
to  name  ;  choice  selected   Fruit  Trees,  Conifers  in  variety. 
Rhododendrons.  Deciduous  Shrubs,  Dutch  Bulbs.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  at  the  City  Auction  Rooms.  38 
and  39.  Gracechurch  Street,  E.C,  en  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
November  23,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sate.     Catalogues  at  the  Rooms  or  of  the 
Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Friday  Next. 
CATTLEYA  LABIATA  SPECIES. 
Discovered  by  Mr.  F.  Mau  in  an  entirely  new  and  unsearched 
locality.  As  will  be  seen  by  inspection  the  habit  of  the 
plant  is  very  distinct,  and  the  fljwers  seen  by  the  collector 
were  unlike  any  other  (^ttleya  in  form  and  size,  partaking 
both  of  C.  speciosissima  and  C.  Mendelii.  It  is  moreover 
delightfully  fragrant.  Among  them  many  pure  white 
varieties  will  be  found,  and  some  of  the  masses  have  very 
strong  growths  and  double  flower-sheaths.  A  few  of  this 
species  were  sold  by  Mr.  Mau  in  New  York  last  summer, 
and  have  fl  iwered.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  a 
letter  relating  to  them:— *' The  new  C^ttleya  which  you 
sold  last  is  making  quite  a  sensation  here." 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT, 
November  26,  at  hilf-pa-it  12  o'Clock  preciie'y,  a  grand  impor- 
tation of  the  above  CATTLEYA,  in  splendid  condition,  by 
order  of  Mr.  Mau. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Ealing,  W. 

PEREMPTORY  CLEARANCE    SALE. 

To  Florists  and  Others. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Pre. 
mises,  The  Ealing  D;an  Nursery,  Ealing,  W.,  on  MONDAY, 
November  22.  at  12  o'CUick  precisely,  the  whole  of  the  STOVE 
and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  comprising  the  contents  of 
35  Greenhouses  and  10  Pits,  including  Gardenias.  Eucharis, 
Adiantum  Farleyense,  2000  Maidenhair  Ferns.  Chrysanthe- 
mum!, Geraniums  in  large  quantities,  Crotons,  Primulas,  &c. 

On  view  two  days  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catal.-^gues  may  be  had 
on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside.  E.C. 

N.  B.-The  LEASE  cfihe  NURSERY,  with  the  25 GREEN- 
HOUSES, PITS,  &c  ,  is  TO  BE  SOLD.  Any  reasonable 
rtferwiilbe  considered.  For  particulars  apply  to  the  Auctioneers. 

Tuesday  Next. 

CATTLEYA  PERCIVALIANA. 
ONCIDIUM  MACRANTHUM. 

„    UNDULATUM. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  HARDINUM. 

„    EDWARDII. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  thiir  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside. 
London,  EC.  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  November  23,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  specially  fine  selected  importation 
of  CATTLEYA  PERCIVALIANA,  in  extra  condition,  with 
plump  and  dormant  eyes,  the  plants  being  at  perfect  rest :  also 
superb  lots  of  ONCIDIUM  MACRANTHUM,  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM EDWARDII,  the  very  rare  O.  PARDINUM 
and  ONCIDIUM  UNDULATUM,  and  the  white-lipped 
variety  of  ODONTOGLOSSUM  HALLII.  Many  of  the 
above  are  in  unusually  large  masses;  also  ONCIDIUM 
NUBIGENUM.  &c. 

On  view  mjtoicg  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next 
IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  in  fieir  S\LE  by  AUCTIOM  at  their 
Cei.tral  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  EC,  on  FRIDAY 
NEXT,  November  26.  at  hall  ptst  12  o Clock  precisely,  the 
following  ORCHIDS  ;- 

About  loo  lots  of  Established  and  Semi-established  Orchids 
(wiihout  reserve),  and  20  lots  of  their  new  Cattleya,  (rom  the 
New  Plant  and  Bulb  Company. 

Established  and  Imported  Orchids,  including  a  very  fine  lot 
of  Odontoglossum  Alexandrae 

About  100  lots  of  Established  and  Imported  Orchids  from  the 
Continent,  comprising  Cattleya  yelutina,  Laslia  elegans,  Cypri- 
pedium purpuratum.  C.  Veitcbii,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Flowering  Orchids  -Special  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  S  \LE  of 
the  above,  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY.  November  30,  for 
which  they  will  be  glad  to  receive  notice  of  entries  by  WED- 
NESDAY NEXT. 


Pine-apple  Nursery,  Edgware  Road,  W, 
In  consequence  of  the  Closing  of  the  Colonial  and  Indian 
Exhibition. 
HIGHLY  IMPORTANT  SALE  of  SPECIMEN  PLANTS, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  E.  G.   Henderson  &   Son.  who  have 
completed  their  contract  for  furnishing  the  Conservatories 
at  the  above  Exhibition,  and  arc  compelled  to  dispose  of 
the  plants  through  want  of  room  to  house  them. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instruction';  from  Messrs.  E.  G.  Hen- 
dersoD  and  Son  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  as 
above,  on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  December  i 
and  1,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  the  above  valuab'e 
COLLECTION  of  PLANTS,  offering  an  exceptional  oppor- 
tunity for  securing  rare  specimens  from  this  interesting  Exhi- 
bition. Among  the  Palms  are  noble  examples  of  Phcenix. 
Kentias,  Chamaerops,  Arecas,  Coryphas,  Latanias,  Seaforthias, 
splendid  specimen  Encephalartos  (unequalled  in  this  country, 
except  at  Kew  Gardens)  ;  grand  Tree  Ferns  in  many  specie.^. 
Nepenthes,  also  a  choice  assortment  of  Ornamental  Plants, 
Palms,  Ferns,  Azileas,  Begonias,  Orchids,  flowering  bulbous 
roots  ;  Roses,  Carnations,  &c. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C- 


Brixton.  S.W. 
IMPORTANT  TO  MARKET  GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  an  EARLY 
DATE  (unless  an  acceptable  offer  either  to  rent  or  purchase  be 
made  previously),  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY  anJ  about 
3o,oco  feet  of  GLASS,  all  in  capiul  working  order.     Ground 

Arrangements  can  be  made  for  allowing  a  portion  of  the 
money  to  remain,  thus  bringing  the  property  within  the  reach  of 
small  capitalists. 

Further  particuliis  will  appear  next  week,  and  in  the  meantime 
can  be  obtained  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Handbridge  Nnrserles,  Cheater. 
TO     NURSERYMEN     AND     SEEDSMEN. 

TO  BE  SOLD  by  Tender,  the  GOODWILL 
in  the  above  NURSERIES,  held  under  a  lease  from  His 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Westminster,  K.G.  for  an  unexpired  term  of 
nine  years,  at  an  annual  rent  of  JC50  loj  ,  and  extendmg  in  area 
to  an  acreage  of  7a,  zr.  aip  ,  whicti  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultiva- 

Togcther  with  the  valuable  stock  growing  thereon,  which  con- 
sisU  of  young  and  healthy  Trees,  Plants,  &c.,  cipable  of  imme- 
diate removal  for  business  purposes.  Arrangements  can  be  made 
for  a  transferof  the  Lease.  A  detailed  Inventory  and  Valuation 
can  be  inspected  at  the  Offices  of  the  undersigned  Solicitors. 

Tenders  must  be  left  with  us  not  later  than  the  ijth  day  of 
DECEMBER  NEXT,  and  the  Vendors  will  not  be  bound  to 
accept  the  lowest  or  any  Tender. 

Further  mformaiion  and  to  inspect,  maybe  obtained  from 
BRIDGMAN,  WEAVER,  AND  JONES,  Sohcitors,  Newfiratc 
Street,  Chester. 


To  Market  OardenerB,  ftc 

TO    BE    SOLD,    a    compact    NURSERY, 
Dwelling-house,     Glass   Erections,     a  Acres  of   Land, 
Stoclt-in-Trade.    Price  /lOo.  or  offer. 

For  particulars,  apply  by  letter  to  A.  K..  Gardeturt' 
Chrcnicte  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

TO  BlT^bLU,  a  SMALL  NURSERY, 
compact  and  well  sleeked,  comprising  4500  square  feet  of 
Glass  or  thereaboutf:,  all  heated  with  Hot  Water;  quantity  of 
Frames  and  Outbuildings.  Doing  a  nice  trade.  Eight  years' 
lease.  Very  low  rental.  Price  ;^t8o.  This  is  a  capiul 
opening  for  a  worhing  man,  or  good  branch, 

J.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 

To  Market  Gardeners,  Florists,  &c. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  Immediate  Possession, 
35  Acres  of  LAND,  of  excellent  quality.  Well  adapted 
fcr  Fruit  Trees,  Strawberries,  Roses,  &c.  14  miles  south-west 
from  London  and  i  mile  from  a  station. 

For  terms  apply  to  Messrs.  DOWSETT  and  WOODS.  70, 
Lincoln's  Inn.  Fields,  W.C. 

'PO     LET,    at    Small    Rental,   HANWELL 

i  PARK  GARDENS,  close  to  Hanwell  and  Castle  Hill 
Ealing  Stations  on  the  Great  Western  and  Midland  District 
Railways,  7  mi'es  from  London,  a  short  notice  being  necessary  if 
sold  or  required  for  Building  purposes.  The  rent  will  be 
nominal  to  any  one  undertaking  to  keep  them  in  neat  order  and 
care  for  House  and  Premises  where  they  may  live.  Gardecs 
now  in  neglected  state. 

After  viewing,  write  to  the  owner,  J.  J.  SUDBURY,  Esq., 
Ludlow. 

__ 

TO  BE  LET,  in  consequence  of  advanced 
age,  CARNATIC  LODGE  GARDEN,  with  Vinery, 
54  ft.  by  13  ft.,  small  Greenhouse,  and  2  acres  pirtly  cropped  with 
Strawberry  and  Bush  Fruit  in  good  bearing  form.  Very  good 
Vegetable  Ground.  In  the  Garden  is  a  most  desirable  Resi- 
dence. The  whole  of  the  Stock  and  Implements  at  fair  valua- 
tion, and  Furniture  if  required.  A  Fruit  Shop  in  the  town, 
where  a  splendid  season  trade  is  done,  can  be  talttn. 

PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
TtJRAL  Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctionbers  and 
Valuers,  f^  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C,  and  at  Leyton- 
le,  E.      Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application.  . 


Koyal  Parks,  &;c..  Grass  Seeds. 

THE  COMMISSIONERS  of  HER 
MAJESTY'S  WORKS,  &c..  are  prepared  to  RECEIVE 
TENDERS  for  the  SUPPLY  of  GRASS  tEEDS  for  use  in 
the  Royal  Parks.  &c..  during  the  year  1S87.  Forms  of  Tender, 
containing  full  particulars  may  be  obtained  at  this  Office  any 
day  excepting  Saturday,  between  the  hours  of  12  and  3  TEN- 
DERS are  to  be  DELIVERED  before  12  o'Cloclt  noon  on 
WEDNF.SDAY,  the  15th  of  December  next,  addressed  to  the 
SECRETARY,  H.M.  Office  of  Works,  &c.,  12,  Whitehall 
Place,  London.  S.W.,  and  endorsed,  "Tender  for  Grass  Seeds, 
Royal  Parks,  &c. 

The   Commissioners  do  not  bind  them=elves  to  accept  the 
lowest  or  any  Tender.  H.  W.  PRIMROSE,  Secretary, 

H.  M.  Office  of  Works,  &c.,  12,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. 

November  17,  1886. 


SAVOY    CABBAGES.— Fourteen    acres   of 
good  Drumhead  Savoys  for  Sale.     Apply  to 
Mr.  GRANT,  Manor  Farm.  Barnham,  near  Bognor.  Sussex. 


D 


WARE  ROSES,  on  Seedling  Briars.     First- 
class  plants  in  the  very  best  sorts  aof.  per  100  and  200J. 

Apply  D.,  Mr.  Smith,  PosLOfKce,  Brockley,  S  E. 


BLACK  WALNUT  (True).— See  Gardeners' 
chronicle  of  last  week. — Stout  transolanted,  is.  to  9J. 
per  dozen  :  35J.  to  ya.  per  100.    See  CATALOGUE,  forwarded 
on  application. 
JAS.  DICKSON  and  SONS,  "  Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 

HIONODOXA    LUC  I  lT/E  (Glory  of  the 

Snow),  azure-blue   with  white  centre  ;    lovely  for  early 
Spring  bedding.    Large  English-grown  Bulbs.  8j.  per  100. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  MerchanU, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

CAMELLIAS.— A  Choice  Collection  for  Sgle, 
fine  well-budded  Plants,  in  tubs. 
Address,   i,  St.  German's  Villas.  Exeter. 

To  the   Trade. 

Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  AGRICULTURAL  SEEDS. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  are  now  prepared  to 
•  give  special  quotations  of  all  the  principal  varieties  of 
VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  raised  on  their  own  Seed 
Farms  this  season  from  the  choicest  selected  stocks.  The 
quality  is  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  very  low.  Samples  may 
be  had  on  application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

There  Is  hut  one 

CLEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  31.   each. 
All  the  finer  cid  kinds  at  ij.  to  2j.  each. 

SPIR/RA  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  BaRshot. 


OLIVIA     HIMANTOPHYLLUM, 
A  specialty. 
Seedling  Plants  of  the  best  varieties,   i.year,  31J.   td.   per 
too;  2-year,  63^.  per  too  ;  3  year,  i68j.  per  100.    These  last  arc 
able  to  flower  this  winter. 

Seedlings  of  C.  LINDENI,  four  and  five  years,  in  bud,  51.  id. 
each,  60J.  per  dozen.     Seeds  of  the  best  sorts,  151.  per  100, 
ED.    PYNAERT.    Ghent. 

NDRE   LEROY'S    Nurseries,   at   Angers, 

France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS, 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES.  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878- 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 
90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


November  20,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


643 


PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 23  ioches  high— Latania  borb^nica,  u.  dd,  ;  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ij.  6ii.  ;  Areca  lutescens,  u.  td.  ;  Phcenix 
reclinata,  is.6d.  ;  Euterpe  edulis.  ii.  6</.  ;  Corypha  austrabs, 
ij.  6d.  :  six  for  8i..  or  i!i.  6d.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  aod  KENTIAS,  21.  to  51.  each. 

PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seafonhlaelegans,Pha:oix  tenuis  and  Phoenix  re:linala, 
6d.  each,  or  41.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  dehvery  free. 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  sf.  to  5or.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

VERGREENS,  for  immediate  effect.    Well 

rooted  Specimens,  in  fine  condition  for  removal,  at  cheap 

ARBOR  VIT.'E,  American.  4  to  5  feet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  ft. 

.,     ,.     Siberian,  4  to  5  feet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  feet. 
CUPRESSUS  LAWSONII.  4  to  5  ft.,  5  to  6  ft.,  and  6  to  8  ft. 

,.     ,,     erecta  viridis,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  to  6  ftet. 
LAUKEL,  Common,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5  feet. 

.,    Colchic.  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  to  6  feet 
LIGUSTRUM  OVALI  FOLIUM,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5  feet. 
YEWS,  English,  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  5  to  6  feet,  and  6  t0  7f(. 

„     Irish.  3  to  4  feet,  4  to  5  feet,  and  5  to  6  feet. 
THUI A  LOBBIL  s  to  6  feet,  6  to  7  feet,  and  8  to  10  feet. 
THUIOPSIS  BOREALIS.  s  to  6  feet,  and  6  to  8  feet. 
WELLINGTONIA  GIGANTEA,  3  to  4  feet,  and  4  to  5  feet 
J  NO.  JEFFERIES  and  SON,  Royal  Nurseries,  Cirencester. 

HRUBS   and   CONIFER.'E.— Laurustinus, 

a  feet,  bushy,  33^.  per  100.  Arbutus  Unedo,  2  feel,  40s. 
per  100.  Aucnba  japonica,  2  to  2^  feet,  40J.  pc  100.  Box, 
Tree,  sorts,  i  J^  to  2  feet,  3ci.  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
I2J.  per  loo.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  a%  feet,  165  p;r  1  o. 
Grislinia  lictoralis,  z  feet,  35^.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay,  i^4  to  a  feet, 
30J.  per  too.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  ij^  to  2  feet.  j7i.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  40J.  per  lOo.  extra  fine.  Abies 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  30^.  per  100 ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet,  40J.  per 
100  ;  ditto,  4  to  5  feet,  70J.  per  100,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbncata,  2  to  2j^  feet,  421.  per  dozen;  ditto.  3  to 
3^  feet,  60s  per  dozen.  Cupressus  I.awsonii,  ij^  to  2  feet, 
i6i  per  100  :  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  20s.  per  100  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
50J.  per  ICO.  Cupressus  erecta  viridis,  I  ^  to  2  feet,  30J.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  2j4  feet.  4or.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
ij^  to  2  feet,  3?5.  per  100  ;  ditto,  3  to  2%  feet,  40J.  per  iod, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniana,  2  feet,  401.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2J2  feet,  2W.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  1000  for  smaller 
sizes.     GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 

New  Early  Peas. 

To  the  Trade  and  Growers  for  Early  Maiket. 

EARLY   KENILWORTH   and  WILLIAM 
THE  CONQUEROR. 
These  two  gems  have  no  equals  for  EarHnes?,  Cropping,  Colour, 
and  Table  Quality. 
Testimonial;  and  price  tree  on  application  to 
W.  BURBURY,  Seedsman,  &c.,  The  Crew.  Kenilwoith. 

WARE  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest  kinds. 

The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selection  No.  i,  50*.  per  100. 

1,  2.  40I.         ,. 

„  ,.    3,  too  ridiculous  to   name,   but 

purchasers  for  cash  may  certainly  make  advantageous  terms. 

CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 

Important  Notlo;. 

CRANSTON'S  NURSERY  AND  SEED 
CO.,  Limited,  offer  an  unusually  fine  lot  of  Standard, 
Half-Standard,  and  Dwaif  Hybrid  Perpetual,  Tea-scented. 
Moss,  Noisette  and  other  ROSES,  "  all  from  open  ground," 
both  on  Manetti  and  Seedling  Brier  Stocks,  at  very  low  prices. 
Quotations  and  Lists  will  be  forwarded  on  application.  This 
portion  of  the  Stock  was  not  included  in  the  purchase  by 
Messrs.  JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO. 

King's  Acre   Nurseries,    Hereford. 
N.B.— Please  Address  in  full. 

APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  offering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  51  each;  Friiiiing 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

Hartland'B  Original 
«T  ITTLE     BOOKE,"    DAFFODILS, 

JLJ     cowslips,  OXLIPS,  and  PRIMROSES. 

The  severe  satirical  rema-ks  of  "  G.  H.  E."  all  about  Jacob's 
Stone,  The  Lost  Tribes  (the  Irish  ?J  and  j^sthetics,  appearing 
in  the  Garden  of  October  2,  on  the  above  "  Little  Booke,"  are 
now  published  in  combination  with  "  IV.  B.  Z/.'s"  reply  (/« 
full),  dealing  with  the  history  of  '"^^vhite"  and  other  Trumpet 
Daffodils  as  found  among  the  lost  tribes  ?  It  may  be  had  free 
for  a  good  sized  stamped  envelope.  "  The  Booke,"  what  little 
of  it  is  left,  may  still  be  had  (over  50  pages)  for  one  shilling  ; 
but  in  all  cases  has  been  presented  Gratis  with  Daffodil  orders. 

W.  B.  HARTLAND'S  Old  Established  Garden  Seed  Ware- 
house,  g4,  Patrick  Street.  Cork. 

Special  Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  for 
Sa'e  500.C00  RHODODENDRONS,  varying  in  size 
from  4  to  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet — Cunningham's  White. 
Jacksocii,  caucasicum,  pictum,  Seedling  Hybrids.  Hybrid 
ponticam,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plants. 
HOLLIES,  CONIFERS.  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quantities,-  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis  and  post- 
free,  on  application  to  the  Nurseries,  Milion,  Stoke-on-Trent. 


RASPBERRY  CANES.— Fine  Canes  of  the 
following  Itlnds  :  —  Falstaff.  Carter's  Prolific,  Semper 
Fidelis,  and  Northumberland  Fillbasket,  at  lor.  per  io:o. 
Sample  on  application. 

PARROTT  BROTHERS,  Normandy,  Guildford. 

PECIAL    AND    CHEAP    OFFER. 

TO  THE    TRADE. 
AZALEA    PONTICA.    INDICA  ;    RHODODENDRON 
PONTICUM  ;        HYDRANGEA      PANICULATA      and 
GRANDIFLORA  :  SP1R.«^  JAPONICA  and  PALMATA  ; 
ACER  NEGUNDO  FOLIIS  VARIEGATIS  ;    CORYLUS 
AVELLANA  and  PURPUREA;  CORNUS  SIBIRICAand 
SANGUINEA  ;        PALMS  —  LATANIA.         PHtENl.X, 
CORYPHA,   KENTIA,  ARECA  :    FOREST  and   ORNA- 
MENTAL    TREES    and    SHRUBS   ;       ABIES    NORD- 
MANNIANA. 
Prices  and  full  particulars  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 
P.     E.     FRANCKEN,    Nuisetyman,    Steenbrugge,    near 
Bruges,  Belgium. 


PRIZES  FOR  DEVERILL'S 

New  and  Choice  Varieties  of 

VEGETABLES, 


Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Shows 

(South  Kensington),  18S7. 


SEPTEMBER. 

NEW  RUNNER  BEIN-NEAL'S  "NE  PLUS  ULTRA.' 

For  the  best  25  pods. 

ist  Prize,   201.  ;    ad  Prize,  jot.  ;    3d  P.ize,  71.  H. 

OCTOBER. 

ONION-DEVERILL'S  "  ROUSHAM  PARK  HERO." 
For  the  best  8  specimens. 
1st  P.ize.  2ir.  ;    ad  Prize,  155.  ;    3d  Prize,  lof. 
ONION-DEVERILL'S  "ANGLO  WHITE  SPANISH." 
For  the  best  8  specimens, 
ist  Prize,  aoj.  ;    ad  P.iz?,  .55. ;    3d  Prize,  loi. 
ONION-DEVERILL'S  "  IMPROVED  WROXTON." 
For  the  best  10  specimens, 
ist  Prize,  aot.  :    ad  Prize,  isj.i   3d  Prize,  io». 
ONION-DEVERILL'S  "MAIN  CROP." 

For  the  best  12  specimens,  loj. 

CELERY-WINGROVE'S  "AYLESBURY  PRIZE  RED.' 

For  the  best  3  sticks. 

ist  Prize,  loj.  ;    2d  Prize,  7^.  f>d. 

BRUSSELS  SPROUTS-FINLAY'S  "THE  WRO.XTON.' 

For  the  best  1  stems. 

ist   Prize,    in.  ;     id  Prize,   71.  td. 


DeveriWs  LIST  of  New  and  Choice  Varieties 
of  Vegetables  is  now  ready. 


Eclh  may  ll  had  Gratis  and  Post-frt 


H.      D  EVER  ILL, 

ROVAL    FARM    AND    GARDEN     SEED    S70RES, 

BANBURY. 

HERBACEOUS 
AND   ALPINE   PLANTS 

CATALOGUE  of  50  Pages,  contiininj;  full  infomation  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,  time  of  flowering,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDERS,  from  251.  per  100,  or  \s.  per  dozen. 

Mo 


RICHARD      SMITH      & 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHAN' 

WORCESTER. 


30., 


BAUMFOETH'S 
SEEDLING    RASPBERflY. 


THIS  new  and  splendid  Raspberry  hd  now 
so  thoroughly  established  itself  a  popular  tavoute  with 
the  Growers  for  Market,  the  Gentleman's  table,  and  toecially 
the  Exhibitor,  throughout  the  Kingdom,  that  it  is  almflt  super- 
fluous naw  to  make  a  repetition  of  its  merits  in  detailj  Suffice 
it  to  say,  during  the  time  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  incducing 
it,  I  have  been  favoured  with  orders  for  over  150,00  plants, 
which  aie  distributed  over  all  parts  of  the  World^nd  the 
hundreds  of  voluntary  testimonials  received  in  its  (avjir  fully 
confirm  my  previous  description  of  its  sterling  propeies,  and 
entitle  it  to  be  classed  the  nicst  popular  and  finest  niety  cf 
Raspberry  in  cultivation,  alike  for  produce,  size,  deecrimson 
colour,  quality,  and  strong  robu: 


'  o^cring  Caries  this  season  at  the  foUffwinAtduced 
prUa:~ 

Planting  Canes,  153  per  100.  3s.  per  dd. 
Fruiting  Canes.  22s.  6d  per  100,  4e.  pe  dcz. 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application.  ' 

Early  Orders 


EDMUND    PHILIP    DIXON 

Nurseties-HULL  and   BURTON-CONS' tBLE. 
Seed  Establishment— 57,  QUEEN  STREET,  HULL 


JERSEY    FRUIT   TREES. 

Carriage  Paid  fjr  Cash  with  Order.  Write  for  Ilitrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  COENU  &  SON,  hS  View 
Nurseries. 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FORK,- 

These  are  very  strong  dwarf  bushes,  selected  from  tiongst 
thousands,  and  we  shall  be  happy  to  send  Sampj  Trees 
Gratis  and  Carriage  Paid  on  application. 


King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 


Established,  1785. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES, 

These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  u'nsurpassedfor  the  cultivation  of 

SOSES    and    FBXTIT    TREES. 


JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO. 

are  now  oftering  from  their  magnificent  stock 
ROSES,    Standard    Hybrid     Perpetual,     and 

others,  i2j.,  iSi.  to  241.  per  dozen. 

„     Standard   Tea-scented,   fine   heads,    iSj"., 

24J.  to  305.  per  dozen. 

„     Dwarf  Hybrid  Perpetual,  %s.   to  i2j-.  per 
„     Dwarf  Tea-scented,  all  on  the  Brier  stock, 

I2J.,  151  ,  lo  i%s  per  dozen. 

Roses  for  Greenhouses  and  for  Forcing. 

SPECIALLY  GROWN  UNDER  GLASS. 
"  The  Largest  and  Finest  Stock  In  the  Kingdom." 
ROSES,  Specimen  Tea-scented,  in  Sand  ginch 

po:s. 

,,     Half-Specimens,  in  6  and  S-inch  pots. 
,,     Smaller  sizes,  in  4  and  5-inch  pots. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

AN  IMMENSE  STOCK. 

Standards,  Pyramids,  Dwarf-trained,  Horizontal- 
trained,  Cordons,  &c.,  of 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES, 
PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  APRICOTS, 
CURRANTS,  GOOSEBERRIES,  &c. 


ORCHARD-HOUSE    TREES. 

Fine  bearing  Trees,  well  ripened  under  Glass 

VINES — E.xtra  fine  Fruiting  Canes. 
STRAWBERRIES— A  large  Collection— well- 
rooted  Runners. 


Descriptive  CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTC^J  &  CO., 

KING'S  ACRE  NURSERIES,  HEREFORD. 

60,000  SINGLE  DAFFODILS,  gj.  per  1000. 
60,000   NARCISSUS    POETICOS     (Pheasant- 

eyed),  12s.  bd.  per  1000. 

60,000  NARCISSUS  (DoubleWhite).2SJ.  per  1000. 
50,000  CROCUS  (Yellow),  51.  per  1000. 
Low  Offers  to  Clear 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed   and    Bulb    Mbkchants, 
13,    EXETER    STREET.    STRAND,    LONDON,     W.C. 


jfOREST 


ii    ALL    OTHER 

ITREES  &  ibLANTS. 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


^ 


rsiecRAPHic  A 


644 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  18861 


Specialties  —  Garden  Seeds,  1886. 
CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.'S 

WHOLESALE  LIST  of  their  SPECIAL- 
TIES in  NEW  PEAS  and  other 
VEGETABLE  SEEDS  is  now  ready,  and 
will  be  forwarded,  post-free,  to  the  Trade,  on 
application. 

A  Copy  has  been  posted  to  all  CHARLES 
SHARPE  AND  CO.'S  regular  Customers.  If 
any  have  not  been  received  they  will  be  glad  to 
be  informed,  that  another  may  be  sent. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  k  CO., 

SEED  WAREHOUSE,  SLEAFORD. 

ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  %s. 
per  dozen,  6af.  per  IOC.  STANDARDS,  15^. 
per  dozen,  105J.  per  100.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  World-Jamed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
ghie  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  18^.  to  36.?.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.    PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 


LARGE      DESCRIPTIVE      CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  S«cds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  CempUtt  Guidt  for  Amateurs.    Gratis  and  Post-free. 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN,    CHARD, 

SOMERSETSHIRE.  


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TKEES, 
Kentish    Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Hr.  COOPER,  F.RHS.    Calcot  Gardens,    Readlus. 

o(  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  he  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAMPHLETS     on    application. 

Kent— The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(EsUblished  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Sumps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
See  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  Sept.  4.  P-  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-POUR    ACRES. 

APPLES.  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FRUIT  TREES, 
as  Standards,  Dwarfs,  Pyramids,  Bushes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES,  excellent  Canes,  31.  6d.  to  loi  td.  Orchard  House 
Trees  in  pots»  PEACHES,  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  5J.     FIGS  from  31.  td. 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  cf  the  various 
forms  of  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure,  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping,  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Sizr,  Form,  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour,  Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price,  &c.,  free  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

Tkt  Illustrated  and  Descriptive  CA  TALOGUE  of  FR  UITS 

Postfree. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 


THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

CultivatioQ,"  is, 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     '*  List    op   Nbw,    Rare,     and 

Choics  Fkrns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERH    mjRSERY,    8AI.E,    MANCHESTER. 

TO      THE      TRADE. 

CAPE        BTTLBS. 

THE  CAPETOWN  BOTANIC  GARDENS 
arc  Boolting  Orders  for  BULB5,  deliverable  in  January 
and  Februu7.     Trade  LIST  on  application. 
Collection!  at  our  selection  only  made  up  f  j-  Retail  Customers. 

AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

WM.   RISLEY,   Maritzburg,  Natal. 

(The  Original  Grower.) 
These  si'endid  Bu^bs,  superior  to  any  in  the  market,  are  now 
being  suplied  to  the  Trade  and  Growers  at  greatly  reduced 
prices,  am  such  as  defy  competition.  Special  quotations  given. 
Cases  fre-  Terms  net  cash  i  month.  For  further  particulars, 
apply  to 

Wvl.      G.      MAC       GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 


Stronf  Roots,  41.  per  100. 
ditto  in  irge  pots,  251   per  i 

RICIARD  SMITH  A 
Merchats.  Worcester. 


„ J  small  pots,  i6j.  per 

.     Descriptive  LIST  Iree. 
CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  61.  per  bushel 
(ij,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  ii. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed    cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
WM.      CUTBUSH      AND     SON 
(Lunited),       Nurserymen    and    Seed 
^^  Merchants.  Highgate  Nurseries.  N, 


UITTR 


A.ARGE  AND  HEALTHY  STOCK  OF  ALL 
KINDS  TO  SELECT  FROM. 

CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

A5PECIALTV.  SEND     FOR    NEW 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE. 

Ormmental  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
loses,  Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CATALOGUES    Postfree. 


JC 


Crawley,        W  Sussex. 


Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E  ;   and  BuBb  Bill 
Park  Nursery,  En&eld. 

HUGH      LOW     &     GO. 

Invite  inspection  of  the  slock  in  these  Nurseries— immense  in 
extent,  fine  in  quality,  mnderate  in  price  — comprising  AZA- 
LEAS, CAMELLIAS,  CVCLAMEN,  CONIFERS,  EPA- 
CRIS.  ERICAS.  KEKNS,  FRUIT  TREES,  GRAPE 
VINES,  GREENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS 
HARDY  SHRUBS  ORCHIDS,  PALMS.  PELARGONI. 
UMS,  ROSES,  STOVE  and  SOFT-WOODED  PLANTS, 
TREE  CARNATIONS.  &c.  MARECHAL  NIEL  ROSE, 
many  thousands,  in  pots,  grand  plants,  s  to  12  feet  in  length, 
t8r.  to  60s.  per  dozen. 

274,800  Supei&clal  Feet  of  Glass. 


SEEDLING        BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW  KOSES  of  1885-6. 

151.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30X.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection) 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  laoo  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  ^d.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSOV,  Caen.  Calvado=,  France. 


THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  PO^ES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &c.. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOWERINGSHRUBS, 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c  , 

May  be  seen  and  pufchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAULS     NURSERIES, 

WAIiTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Etslern  Railway, 
hall  an  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  low  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Caulogues  free. 

ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 


WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS.  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  col  jur,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ir.  per  dozen  ;  5J.  per  ico 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  ir.  per  dozen:  4s.  per  100;  355. 
per  1 


200,000  of  the  finest   Hardy  Perennials, 

all  best  named   varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  6s.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES,  show  and  fancy,  3s.  pet  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blae,  31.  6d.  per  J  izen. 
PHLOXES,  r  year,  31.  ;  2  years,  51.  per  dozen. 
PYRETHRUMS.  41.  per  dozen;  jjj.  per  roo. 
PRIMROSES,  double   white,  lUac  and  sulphur,  31.   6d.  per 

PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  German  IRIS,  ii.  (d.  per  djzen. 
Mixed  English  IRIS.  ts.  per  dozen  :  sr.  per  roo 
HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  4r.  per  dozen  ;  3$t. 

per  100 
DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shales,  3s.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  PERENNIALS   in    variety,  lor   cont 

13  kinds,  3^  ;  25  kinds.  65.  ;  so  kinds,  izi.  6^. 

30J.  ;  103  plants  in  50  varieties,  98., 

Stove  and  Oreenliouae  Plants 
Very  cheap,  clean,  and  heahhy ;  five  houses  from  roo  to  i?o 
feet  long,  full  of  ihese  plants.     Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  lor  winter  and  spring  stock,     1 1  varieties,  t>s.  ;  35 
varieties,  15J. ;  50  varieties,  35^. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 

APPLES,  PEARS,   PLUMS,   and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 

9^.  and   13J.  per  dozen  ;  Standards,  gs  ,  12s..  and  i8f.  per 

dozen:  dwarf-trair.ed,  i8r.,  sis.,  and  21J.  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  21.  6d.t0  4S.  per  dozen, 

I  SI.  to  20s.  per  too. 
RASPBERRIES,  IS   to  2J.  per  d.zen  ;  61  to  12J.  nerioo. 
RHUBARB,  ts.  to  6s.  per  dozen     CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,    3s  of  the  best  varieties,   ground  plants. 
31.  6d.  per  100 ;  in  S/^  inch  pets,  lor.  6d.  per  100  ;  in  s-inch 
pots,  for  forcing,  75s.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  31. 
to  $s.  each  ;  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  js.  Cd.  each. 
Three  Acres  of  Boses. 
Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  of  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  71.  ;  50  for  351.  ;  100  for  45J. 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,  NOISETTES,  &c  ,  61.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 
Conifers,  tEC- 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  all  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 

most  heal  hy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
FOREST  TREES  of  sorts,  6j.  per  dozen  ;  40J  per  100. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  to  gs.  per  duzen  ;  4or.  and  601. 

per  toy. 
DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  bloomin»  kinds,  41.  per  dozen; 

251  per  100. 
RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet, piuk,  crirasOD,  &c  , 

shades,  i8j.  and  24J.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  lor  hedges,  ;t.   per  ico  ;    451. 

per  looo. 
THORN  QUICKS.  301.  and  35J.  per  1000. 

^^  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.    CLIBRAN    &    SON, 

OLBFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTBINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 


November  20,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


645 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDV 

DAFFODILS. 


BARR  &  SON,  12,  King  St ,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


S.'s  Illustrated 
These  beautiful 
idocr 


.  Perdoz. 


BARR'S  ASSORTMENTS  of  MANY-FLOWERED  DAF- 
FODILS (Polyanthus  Narcissus),  (or  pot  culture,  fully 
deuiled  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  November  13.  The 
assoitments  range  from  31.  dd.  to  33;. 

A  Few  very  Cheap  and  very  Beautiful 
Daffodils. 

Well  adapted  for  naturalisation,  shrubberies,  flower  border,  &c. , 

and  most  useful  lor  cut  flowers-  F 
CHOICE  MIXED   DAFFODILS  for  natu- 
ralisation  or  for  shrubberies . .  per  1000,  \2S. 
FINE   MIXED   DAFFODILS  for  naturali- 
sation or  for  shrubberies      .  .per  1000,  30J. 
GREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed 
varieties,  valuable  for  naturali- 
sation and  cutting,  per  1000,  631. 
,,     .,     ,,     second-sized  bulbs,   per  1000, 30*. 
LENT    LILIES    OF    ENGLAND,    petals 
white,  tnimpet  yellow,  valuable 
Daffodils      for      naturalisation, 
per  1000,  25*. 

,    second-sized  bulbs,  per  1000,  is*. 

GARI-AND  LILIES  OF  SCOTLAND, 
petals  white,  trumpet  yellow, 
valuable  Daffodil  for  naturatisa- 


,  4M. 


BARR  S    NEW    OB    RARE  HARDT    DAFFODILS 

for  Pot-c\iiture,  Fiower  Beos,  Boraers,  &c  Fordescripiive 
List  of  Varieties,  see  Advertiseraei 
Chronicle,  October  30  ;  or  send  (or 
Daffodil  Catalogue,  free  on  applicat 
Daffodils  surpass  all  other  spring  flov 
decoration,  and  as  cut  flowers  rank  with  the  Orchid 
the  Rose.  In  the  London  Spring  Flower  Shows  for  aoyears 
Barr's  Daffodils  have  maintained  a  leading  position,  and  are 
acknowledged  the  fairest  of  spring  flowers. 
B  A  R  R'S  INEXPENSIVE  HARDY  DAFFODILS 
in  Beds,  surpass  in  beauty  and  effect  all  other  spring 
fljwers,  and  for  Masses  in  Flower  Borders  they  have  no 
equal.  In  Shrubberies  they  are  most  valuablr,  and  when 
required  as  Cut  Flowers,  beds  of  these  Daffodils  should  be 
planted  in  the  Kitchen  Garden.  If  as  a  Forced  Flower 
they  are  wanted,  plaut  thickly  in  boxes  9  by  15  inches,  and 
4  inches  deep,  and  stand  the  boxes  out-of-doors,  covered 
with  ashes  or  cocoa-flbre,  till  the  boxes  are  full  of  roots. 
It  for  Pot'Culture,  plant  three  or  more  bulbs  in  a  pot,  and 
place  them  out-of-doori  till  the  pits  are  full  of  roots. 

For  Naturalisation,   plant  in  grass  or  by  lakes,  streams 
and  ornamental  waters,  and  thus  realise  what  Wordsworth 
saw  when  he  penned  the  following  : — 
"  I  wander'd  lonely  as  a  cloud 

That  floats  on  high  o'er  vales  and  hills, 
When  all  at  once  I  saw  a  crowd, 
A  host  of  golden  Daffodils  ; 
Beside  the  lake,  beneath  the  trees. 
Fluttering  and  dancing  in  the  breeze." 
The  culture  of  the  Daffodil  is  simple,  growing  in  all  soils 
and  all  situations  ;     no  amount  of  frost   or   unfavourable 
weather  will  injure  bulb  or  flower.     Those  who  have  only 
an  unhealed  greenhouse  can  keep  it  gay  with  the&e  flowers 
from  January  to  May. 
For  Descriptive  List  of  inexpensive  Daffodils  see  advertise- 
m-'Htin  theGARDENERS'  CHRONICLE,  Nov.  6;  or  send 
IcrB.  &'S.  's  Illustrated  Daffodil  Catalogue  Jree  on  application. 
BARR'S     ASSORTMENTS    of     INEXPENSIVE 
TRUMPET  DAFFODILS,  for  beds,  borders,  shrubberies, 
pot-culture,     and     for  naturalisation    in    grass,    woodland 
walks,  beside    lakes,    streams,  or   ponds,  fully   detailed    in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  November  13.    The  assortments 
ran^e  in  price  from  41.  (>d-  to  9";^. 
BARR'S  ASSORTMENTS  of  NEW  or  R\RE  TRUMPET 
DAFFODILS,  flfor   beds,    borders,   and    pot  culture,   fully 
detailed  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  November  13.     The 
assortments  ran^e  in  price  from  71    f>d.  ti  130J. 
BARR'S  ASSORMENTSof  INEXPENSIVE  NONSUCH. 
PEERLESS.  EUCHARISFLOWERED,  &c.,  DAFFO- 
DILS, for  beds,  borders,  shrubberies,  pot  culture,  and  for 
naturalisisation   in    grass,   woodland    walk^,    beside    Itkes, 
streams,  or  ponds,  fully  detailed  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
of  November  13.      The  assortments   range   in   price   from 
3J.  dd.  to  75J. 
BARR'S  ASSORTMENTS  of  NEW  or  RARE  NONSUCH. 
PEERLESS.   EUCHARIS-FLOWERED.    &c ,     OAF- 
FOD I LS.  for  beds,  borders,  and  pot-culure.  fully  detailed  in 
the   Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  November    13.      The  assort- 
ments range  in  price  from  Sf>  6d.  to  130^. 
BARR'S   ASSORTMENTS  of  POETICUS.  GARDENIA- 
FLOWERED,      PRIMROSE       PEERLESS,      BUR- 
BIDGEI.    &c.,    INEXPENSIVE    DAFFODILS,     for 
beds,  borders,  shrubberies,  pot  culture,  and  to  naturalise 
in  grass,  woodland  walks,  beside  stream'^,  lakes,  and  ponds, 
fully  detailed  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle  of  Novemb:r  13 
The  assortments  range  in  price  from  4J.  dd  to  951 
BARR'S  ASSORTMENTS  of  NEWnr  RARE  POETICUS, 
GARDENIA-FLOWERED.    BURBIDEI.   &c..    D\F- 
FODILS  for  beds,  borders,  and  oot-culture,  fully  deuiled 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  oi  It ov^mher  13.     The  assort- 
ments range  in  price  from  41.  6d.  to  42?. 
BARRS    ASSORTMENTS  of    INEXPENSIVE    DAFFO- 
DILS, embracing  Tiurapets,   Nonsuch,  Poeiicus,  &a,  for 
beds,  borders,  shrubberies,  pat-culture,  and  to  naturalise  in 
grass,  woodland  wa'ks,  beside   streams,    lakes,   or  ponds, 
fully  detailed  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  November  13. 
The  assortments  range  in  price  from  ^s.  6d  to  150J. 
BARRS   ASSORTMENTS   of  NEW  or   RARE    DAFFO- 
DILS, embracing  Trumpets,  Nonsuch.  Poeticus,  &c-.  for 
beds,  borders,  and  pot  culture,  fully  detailed  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  of  November  13.     The  assortments  range 
from  sr.  6rf  ti  13M. 
BARR'S      COMMEMORATIVE      "  DAFFODIL     CON- 
FERENCE" set   of  choice  Narcissu*:,  embracing  nearly 
all  the  sorts  of  Daffodils  exhibited  on  the  occasion  of  the 
sitting  of  the  Conference,    April,  1S84,  fu'ly  detailed  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  cf  November  13.      Tha  assortments 
range  from  6;^t.  to  300^. 
BARR'S    ASSORTMENTS    of    the    MANY-FLOWERED 
INEXPENSIVE  DAFFODILS  (Polyanthus  Narcissus), 
for  beds,  borders    and  pot   culture,    fully  detailed  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  November  13.      The  assortments 
range  from  3^.  (>d.  to  ju. 
CHOICfE    MIXED    MANY-FLOWERED    DAFFODILS. 

per  10-3,  Its.  6d  ;  per  dozen,  is.  g-i 
FINE    MIXED    MANV-FLOWERED   DAFFODILS,    per 
100,  loj.  6d.;  per  dozen,  is.  6d. 


„    ,,    „    second-sized  bulbs,  per  i 

PRIMROSE  PEERLESS,  2,  3.or4flowered. 

petals  pure  white, cup  yellow,  per  1000,30*. 

Trumpet  Daffodils. 

Cheap  and  beautiful  for  naturalisation,  beds, 
borders,  pot  culture,  and  for  cut  flawers. 
Full  description  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle^ 
November  6. 

OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffodil),  very  early 

flowering,  uniform  peul  and  trumpet 

_,  extra-sized  bulbs 

SPURIUS,  rich  full  yellow  petals  and  uum- 

pct,  large  flower         

second-sized  bulbs 
Ca'mBRICIUS,  sulphur-whtte  petals,  yellow 

trumpet 
PRINCEPS,  sulphur-white  petals,  very  large 
yellow  trumpet  ..      _  .. 

second-sized  bulbs 
Pa'lLIDUS  PRvECOX.  a  great  beauty,  uni- 
form pale  sulphur  petals  and  trumpet 
TELAMONIUS  PLENUS,  strong  flowering 

bulbs 

^    ^j  very  large  bulbs 

Chalice  Cup-shaped  Great  Non- 
such Daffodils. 

For  naturalisation,  beds,  borders,  and  for  cut 
fl->wers.  Fully  desaibed  in  the  Gardeners* 
Chronicle,  November  6. 

CONCOLOR,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs.. 
EDWARD    HART,   second-sized,   flowering 

bulbs 

FRANK     MILES,    second-sized,     floMrering 

bulbs ,    ,.- 

FIGARO,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs 
FAIRY,  second-sized,  floweriai;  bulbs 
GLOW,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs 
SUNLIGHT,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs.. 
SULPHUREUS,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs 
ASTR/EA,  second-siicd,  flowering  bulbs 
JOHN   BULL,  second-sized,  flowering  bulbs 


LONGSHANKS,  second-sized  bulbs 

SANCHO,  second-sized  bulbs 7  ^ 

ALBIDUS.  second-sized  bulbs 7  « 

ANNIE   BADEN,  second-sized  bulbs            ..  la  ( 

CYNOSURE,  second-sized  bulbs         ..         ..  12  ( 

LORENZO,  second-sized  bulbs »t  o 

STELLA,  second-sized  bulbs     ..                     ..  10  6 

BARRII  GOLDE>J  MARY,  second-sized  bulbs    5  ( 

SULPHUREUS,  second-sized  bulbs  ..  7  ( 

,',     ADA,  second-sized  bulbs 10  6 

TheEucharis-fiowered  Daffodils, 
LEED5I  DUCHEbS  of  BRABANT,  secood- 

siz^d  bulbs 31    a 

Sundry    Daffodils. 

For  naturaWsitijn.    beds,    borders,  and    for 
cut  flowers.    Fully  described  in  the  Gardeners' 

Chronicle,  November  6.  j 

HUME'S  SULPHUR,  second-sized  ba  bs  ..  la    © 
OD")RUS,  second-sized  bulbs                ..          ..56^ 

RUGULOSU3,  s^ondsizel  bulbs     ..          ..  56 

EGGS  AND  BACON,  second-sized  bulbs     ..  j    a 

CODLINS  AND  CREAM, sec3ud-sizedbulbs  31    d 

Burbidge'fl  Daffodils. 

For  naturalisation,  bed  =  ,  borders,  and  for  cut 
flowers,     fully    described   in    the    Gardeners 
Chronicle.  November  6.  I 
BURBIDGEI,  second-sized  bulbs        ..         ..  j     6 
BOZ.  Yellow  Poeticus,  second-sized  bulbs     ..  15     d 
DANDY.  White  Poeticus,  second-sized  bulbs  10    fl 
MARY.  White  Poeticus,  second-sized  bulbs  . .  12     ( 
ROBIN    HOOD,    White    Poeticus,    second- 
sized  bulbs         13     < 

Poet's  Daffodils.  i 
POETICUS    ANGU3TIF0LIUS,     second- 

sized  bulbs        8  < 

,     ORNATUS.  second-sized  bulbs.,          ..  8  i 

POETICUS  of  GARDENS 3  (J 

GARDENIA  -  FLOWERED        DOUBLE  j 

WHITE  DAFFODIL                    •  ? 

smaller  bulbs  5  j 

The  TRIPLE-GASHED  DAFFODIL        ..  15 

secind-sized  roots  10  ( 


BARR'S    HYACINTHS  for  culture  in  pots,  glases,  vases, 

bowls,    &c.,   are    all   of    the    highest  quality ;  jelections, 

55  6d.  to  105^      Full  particulars  in  Barr's  Bulb  utalogue. 
BARR'S    HYACINTHS    for  culture    out-of-doors!  in    beds, 

borders,  and  vases  in  separate  colours,  or  mixi  colours  ; 

prices  ranging  from  12s  6d.  to  71s.  per  100 ;  petporen,  zs. 

to  3»   f^d.     Full  particulars  in  Ban's  Bulb  Cataldue. 
BARR  S  CROCUS  in  separate  colours  or  mixed,  p;:es  range 

from  i2S  6d-  to  3?j.  per  1000;  per  100,  js  6d.  tcjj.  6d. 
BARR'S  TULIPS  in  separate  colours  or  mixed  colirs,  prices 

range  from  per  100,  4.1.  6d.  to  10^.  6d.,  per  d  ;en,  id.  to 

w.  6d. 
BARR'S    BULBOUS    IRIS    in    separate    coloursor    muted 

colours,  per  100,  25.  6d.  to  air.;  per  dozen,  6d.  t  31.  6d. 
BARRS     LARGE     BEAUTIFUL     BEARDE^lRIS    in 

assortments,  6s.    to  42/.      Full  particulars  in   krr's  Bulb 
CataloKue-  .       ', 

BARRS  DWARF  IRIS  in  assortments,  4s.  6d.  to  \a. 
BARR'S  PLANTAIN  LILIES  in  assortments,  «.tf.  to  air 


each,  IS.  to  ai.     Full  oarticulars  in  Barr's  Bulb  Catalogue. 
BARR'S    LARGE    DOUBLE     BEAUTIFUL    CHINESE 

PEONIES  in  assortments.  7^.  6d.  to  84^ 
BARR'S   RARE  and  BEAUTIFUL    SINGLE  PiEONIES 

in  assortments,  is.  6d  to  84^. 
BARRS  BEAUTIFUL  LILIES  inassortments,  ys.6d.  toios*. 
SNOWDROPS,  single  or  double,  per  1000,  21s. :  per  too.  aj.  6d. 
ELWES' large  giant  SNOWDROP,  per  1000,   4«-;  per  100. 


6d. 


Beautiful  varieties  of  Wood  HYACINTHS,  in  colours  and  mU- 
tures ;  prices  range  from  31^.  per  1000,  and  per  100  from 

Strong  clumps  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  per  dozen,  its.  Sd. 

to  i5f.  ;  each,  is.  6d.  and  is.gd. 
Sirong  Berlin  crowns  LILY   OF   THE  VALLEY,  per  1000, 

63J.  :  per  100,  7s.  6d.  ;  per  bundle  of  25,  2s.  3d. 
DIELYTRA  SPECTABILIS,  for  forcing,  per  dozen,  5*.  6d. 

and  7^.  6d.  ;  each,  6d.  and  gd. 
Strong  clumps  SPIR^A  JAPONICA,  for  forcing,  per  dozen, 

7s.  6d.  ;  each,  gd. 
Beautiful  IXIAS,   SPARAXIS,   BABIANAS,   and  TRITO- 

NIAS,  for  pot  culture,  or  to  grow  in  sheltered  raised  beds 

out-of-doors,  in  mixed  colours,  or  separate  colours,  per  100, 

51.  6d.  to  2if.  ;  per  dozen,  is.  to  3s.  6d. 
ANEMONE    FULGENS,  the  most  beautiful  of  all  ANE- 
MONES for  eflFect  in  the  garden,  or  to  cut  for  vases,  per 

100.  7s.  6d.  to  t2s.  6d.  ;  per  dozen,  is.  yl.  to  aj. 
ANEMONE,  double,  beautiful  varieties,  all  colours,  mixed, 

per  rooo.  36*.  to  <,os.  :  per  100,  41.  kd.  to  71.  dd. 
ANEMONES,  single,  all  colours,  mixed,  per  1000,  301.  1042*. 

per  too,  31.  €>d.  to  5/  6d. 
ANEMONE  STELLATA.  the   beautiful  Windflower  ot  the 

Riviera,  mixed  colours,  per  100.  lor.  fid. ;  per  dozen,  \s.  td, 
RANUNCULUS,  the  great  Turco- Persian  varieties  in  mixed 

colours,  per  toco,  30J.  ;  per  100,  31.  (>d. 
GLADIOLUS,  early-flowering  sorts,  ready  to  plant  out  now  or 

for  pot-culture,  in  mixed  colours,  per  100,  loi.   fid.  to  15J.  ; 

per  dozen,   is.   to  is.   fid.  \    or  assortments    of   sefArate 

AMARYLLIS,  unnamed  seedlings  from  the  finest  collection  in 
Europe,  very  large  strong  flowering  bulbs,  per  dozen,  251.  ; 

Free  on  application,  a  General  Catalogue  of  Bulbs 

for  all  seasons. 

Free  on  application,  an  Illustrated  Daffodil 

Catalogue. 


BARR    &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,W.C. 

SMALL  SHRUBS  and  CONIFERS  :— 
Cupressus  Lawsonii,  12  to  15  inches,  transplanted,  80*. 
per  1000:  C.  erecta  viridis,  i  to  i\^  foot,  extra.  \is.  per 
loo:  C.  stricta,  10  to  12  inches,  I2X.  per  100;  C.  gracilis, 
10  inches,  121.  per  loo  ;  Cedrus  Deodjra,  2  yr.,  50^.  per 
1000 ;  Thoia  Lobbii.  9  to  12  inches,  sor.  per  icoo ;  T.  Ellwan 
geriana,  9  to  10  inches,  121.  per  100  ;  Thuiopsis  dolobrata,  9  to 
10  inches,  transplanted,  \os.  per  100  ;  RetiiiO-^pora  plumosa,  12 
to  15  inches,  bushy,  121.  per  100  ;  R.  squmosa,  9  inches,  trans- 
planted, I05.  per  100  :  Aiaucaria  imbricata,  8  inches,  fine,  40/. 
per  100  ;  Pinus  Cembra,  i-yr.,  ^s.  per  1000  ;  Pinus  excelsa,  2-yr, 
i-yr.  transplanied,  loi.  per  lOo;  Pinus insignis,  i-yr.  transplanted, 
6j.  per  100;  Pmus  Nordmanniana  i-yr.,  25^.  per  1000;  Abies 
Douglasii,  6  inches,  fis.  per  100  ;  ditto,  9  to  12  inches,  \is.  per 
100  ;  English  Yew.  6  to  9  inches,  %s.  per  too ;  American  Arbor- 
vitae,  9  to  to  inches,  501.  per  1000  ;  Box  trees,  9  to  10  inches, 
40J.  per  1000;  Sweet  Bay,  9  to  12  inches.  7^.  fid.  per  100; 
Evergreen  Oaks,  2-yr.,  fine,  61.  per  100  ;  Lauruslinus,  8  inches, 
%s.  per  100  :  Portugal  Laurels,  transplanted,  6  to  8  inches,  6o<. 
per  1000  ;  Common  Laurels,  2-yr.,  20*.  per  1000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman.  Sunraer. 

Myrobella.  ~ 

PRUNUS  MYROBALANA,  or  CHERRY 
PLUM.— The  best  btuff  for  MenOiig  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  fast  in  poorest  soils.  Much  stronger 
than  Whiiethorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Stock  for  ihe  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  ti  3  feet,  sent  on  iece[.t  of  6j.,  50  lor  31. 
Full  (urther  parliculirsof 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 


VINES. — Strong   and  extra   strong,  ripened 
without  bottom-heat  ;  leading  varieties,  51.,  7s.  fid.,  and 
icj,  ftd.  each. 
JAS.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  'Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 

OSES— ROSES— ROSES.— Cheaper  than 

ever.  50.000  Dwarf  Roses,''aU  Hybrid  Perpetuals,  strong 
plants,  and  warranted  true  to  name,  £^io  p;f  i03o,  12s.  per  100, 
■\s.  per  dozen.  Send  for  sample  dozen.  All  packages  included. 
List  of  sorts  post-free,  on  application,  and  Illustrated  Catalogue 
fid.  each. 

C.  ALLEN,  Stone  Hills  Nursery,  Heigham,  Norwich. 

LARGE  PEACH  and  NECTARINE 
TREES  —Early  Louise,  Hale's  Eaily,  Dr.  Hogg, 
Eaily  Grosse  Mignonne,  &c.,  remarkably  healchy ;  will  move 
well,  and  fill  a  house  at  once,  saving  seven  years'  growth.     Call 

'      W.  H.  DIVERS,  Ketton  Hall.  Stamford. 

OSES— ROSES— ROSES.— Strong  Plants, 

best  varieties  1-30  H.P.'s  and  10  Teas  lor  11s.     Teas  in 

pots,  91.  and  'is.  per  doz  ,  751.  per  100  and  upwards.  Standard 
H.P.'s,  choice  vars..  12J.  perdoz.  Six  large  PALMS  to  be  sold 
cheap.       EDWIN  HILLIER,  Nurseries.  Winchester. 

HE      FINEST      NEW      PEAS 


T 


„     TRIUMPH,  w.  fid.  per  pint  sealed  packei 
,.     PARAGON,  15.  fid.  per  pint  sealed  packet. 
Post-free.       Special    descriptive    offer    of    these    ar.d    other 
Novelties  sent  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

CHARLES  SHARPE  AND  CO..  Seed  Merchants  Sleaford. 

OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES. —  Gloire    de 

Dijon.  Mai^chal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietia,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  S  to  12  feet  long,  in  7-inch  pots.  m.  6rf.,  3$.  and  31.  dd, 
each  ;  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardini.  Etoiie  de  Lyon,  Madime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7-ioeb  pots,  ^u.  and  30J.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  apphcation. 
TheLIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (Jot^n  Cov^n) 
Limited,  Th?  Vineyard,  Garsion,  Liverpool. 


646 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  1886. 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 


FOR  PLANTING 


n  Masses,  Shrubberies&  Borders. 


Pericoo.  : 

HYACINTHS,    equal    quantities    red,  J.  d. 

white,   and   blue      160  0 

TULIPS,  fine  mixed    *"  ^ 

NARCISSUS,  mixed  border     25  0 

NARCISSUS,  sweet-,  cented  double 60  0 

NARCISSUS,  Pheasant-eye     30  0 

DAFFODILS,  siDRle  Trumpet 25  0 

CROCUS,  fine  mixed 12  6 

CROCUS,,  Eolden-yellow    10  6 

CROCUS,  large  blue  13  6 

CROCUS,  large  white 1*  6 

CROCUS,  large  suiped      1*  » 

IRIS,  fine  mixed  Spanish 20  0 

ORNITHOGALUM  (Star  of  Bethlehem)  30  0 

BLUEBELLS 30  0 

SClLLAPRJECOXorSIBIRICA  ....  30  0 

SNOWDROPS 21  0 

WINTER  ACONITES,  yellow 21  0 

All  Parcels  Carriage  Fret. 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE. 
Queen 


■  RovAL  Commands  - 
I  H.R.H.  THE  Peinci 


H.M.   THE 

DF  Wales, 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


rpHlTAUTUMN  for  FOREST  PLANTING 

X.  and  HEDGING— .Mder,  3  to  4  feet,  saJ.  ptr  1000. 
Ash.  a  to  3  feet,  171.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  ,  to  4  f=='.  =°';  f"  "S^J- 
Birch,  2  to  3  feet,  201.  per  1000.  Spanish  I.hestnut,  2  to  3  feet, 
foroer  1000  Elm,  a  to  3  feet.  i6j.  per  toco  :  ditto,  3  to  4  fett, 
ao./  per  1000.  Urch,  i  to  x'A  foot,  us.  6rf.  pet  loco  ,■  ditto, 
iW'to  a  feet.  141.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  2  to  %\i  feet,  16s.  per  1000  ; 
d^to,%Vto  3  feet,  .8-  per  .000;  ditto,  3  .04  'ee',  -■  per 
iooo  :  ditto,  5  to  6  feet.  as'.  Per  i<»o.  Spruce  Fu-,  t  to  i-^  foot, 
^per  .oo;> :  ditto.  ,  5i  10  a  feet,  raj.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  a  to  2% 
feet,  ifc  per  icoo  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  bushy,  .01.  per  100.  Scotch 
Fir.  1  to  M  foot,  13!.  per  icoo;  ditto  a  to  1%  feel,  i8s.  per 
foi.  Hazlls.  3  feet,  zos.  per  lOco.  Oaks,  a  to  3  feet.  ^V  f"l- 
per  1000.  Sycamore.  2  to  3  feet.  i6j  per  loog  :  ditto,  3  to  4 
feet,  20J.  per  1000.  Thorns.  iK  'o  2  feet,  14s.  per  1000  :  ditto, 
a  to  aM  feet,  .61.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  a«.  per  icoo.  Privets, 
2  to  Tfeet,  ifs.  per  icoo.  Privets  ovalifolium,  a  to  2%  feet. 
,oj.  per  1000;  ditto.  4  feet,  extra  bushy,  lar.  per  100.  Beech, 
2  to  i',i  feet,  i8s.  per  icoo.  Myrabolana  Plum,  2  feet,  25s.  per 
10:0.  '  Special  offer  by  50.C00  and  100,000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL.  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 


CANNELL&  SONS' 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

-\  A      FIRST-CLASS  CERTIFICATES 

S^rh  awarded  this  season.  The  best  and  the  best  kept  col- 
lection in  the  World.  It  is  highly  important  to  all  who  are 
anxious  to  secure  prizes  to  have  strong  healthy  country-grown 
cutlincs  or  plants,  .and  from  tbose  who  have  suflicient  room  and 
ficilitics  to  lest  every  plant  from  whence  the  cuttings  are  taken. 
SEND  FOR  A  CATALOGUE. 

THE     HOME     OF     FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY,    KENT. 

\/^  CHEAP    OFFHIS    IN 

»    CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  ami  Garden. 
'100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

in  too  varieties,  for  4U..  63J.,  or  losr. 

Other  ofl'ers  and  iu  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application, 
alieties  of  the  following  :  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS,  6s.  ;    12  Yellow- flowered,  laj. 
12  PINKS,  Laced   Flowers,  4s.  and  6s.,  strong  plants. 
12  AZALEA  ISDICA,  covered  with  flower  buds,  iSs.  and  24s. 
12     „     MOLLIS,  diito.  fine  for  cutting,  las.  and  18s. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  flo*er  buds,  21s.,  30s.,  42J. 
12  CROTONS,  choice  varieties,  6.'.,  gs..  I2J. 
12  DRACENAS.  choice  varieties,  6s.,  9s.,  uj  ,  i8s. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  for  cool  or  warm  house,  in  12,  24, 
or  36  varietits.  at  21s.  and  42s.  per  dozen. 
,,     ICO  varieties,  400s.  ;  50  varieties,  loof.  and  i.sos. 

1000  BULBOUS  FLOWER  ROOTS,  21s. 


E.     G.     HENDERSON     &     SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vcile, 

LONDON,     W. 


NOW     READY. 

THE    GARDEN    ANNUAL 
ALMANAC  and  ADDRESS  BOOK  for  1887. 

This  is  the  most  complete  and  accurate  Yearly  Reference  Book  for  the  use  of  all  interested  in 

Gardens  yet  published.     The  Alphabetical  Lists  of  all  Branches  of  the  Horticultural  Trade  have 

been  corrected  up  to  the  end  of  October.     The  Lists  of  Gardens  and  Country  Seats  have  been 

very  carefully  and  extensively  revised,  and  are  admitted  to  be  the  most  complete  ever  published. 

The  "Garden  Annual"  may  te  ordered  tlirotigli  all  Booksellers,  Nurserymen,  and  Seedsmen. 


FBICE,     ONE    SHILLING;    POST-FREE,     ONE    SHILLING    AND     THREEPENCE. 

37,  SOUTHAMPTON  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C. 


MESSRS.  JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS 

ARE   NOW   SENDING   OUT   THE 

TWO  UNDERMENTIONED  NEW  FRUITS  :- 


APPLE,    "BISMARCK." 

A  very  large  and  handsome   oblate  fruit,  slightly  undulating  on  the  surface,  and  generally 
longer  on  one  side  of  the  axis  than  the  other  ;  skin  yellow,  flushed  and  striped  with  red  on  the 
exposed  side.    A  fine  Culinary  Apple  that  keeps  well  and  retains  its  flavour  to  the  end  of  April. 
First-class  Certificate,  Crystal  Palace,  September,  1885. 

Price   5s.  each. 

STKAWBERRY,     "  WATERLOO." 

The  fruit  is  large,  roundish,  with  a  smooth,  dark  vermilion-red  skin.  It  is  of  excellent  flavour, 
solid,  jnicy,  deep  crimson-red,  and  travels  well  when  packed.  The  plant  is  of  upright  habit,  with 
a  deep  glossy  green  foliage  which  is  not  liable  to  Red-spider. 

First-class  Certificate  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens  at  Chiswick, 
in  the  summer  of  1885. 

Price  63.  per  dozen. 

-^OYAL       EXOTIC       NURSERY, 

KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,  S.W. 

THE     COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR 

OF 

GARDEN    OPERATIONS. 

ORIGINALLY    COMPILED    BY    THE    LATE    SIR    JOSEPH    PAXTON,    M.P. 

Price  3d.,   Post  Free  3Jd. 

Tvfenty-flve  Copies,  5s.;    Fifty,  10a  ;    and  One  Hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of  not  less  than  Twenty-five  delivered.    Carriage  Free,    in  London  only. 
Not  less  than  One  Hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.  nCHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 

HIGH  CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING.  A  Handy  Manual  for  the  improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  William  Earley,  Author  of  "How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "How  to 
Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.     Crown  8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  4.r.  bd. 

MRS  LOUDON'S   LADIES'  COMPANION   TO  THE   FLOWER   GARDEN, 

A  complete  Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.     A  New  Edition. 

Fcap.  cloth,  price  Is. 
THE  ART     OF     GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF-DOORS.       By    Rev.   O.   Fisher. 

Fourth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  is, 
HOV\    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS.     By  William  Earle v.     Price  n.  stitched. 
HOV\   TO    GROW    ASPARAGUS.      A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 

By  William  Earley.     Price  \s.  stitched. 


Loidon  :     BRADBURY,  AQNEW,  «&  CO.,  Bouverie  Street,  E.G. 


November  so,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


647 


-'it 


LILIUM    LONGIFLORUM    FLORIBUNDUU 

This  is  the  handsome  free-floweriog  Easter  Lily  imported 
direct  from  Bermuda,  invaluable  for  pot  culture,  its  pure  white 
flowers  being  borne  in  ihe  greatest  profusion. 

Flowering  Bulbs,  24^.  per  dozen. 

LILIUM  AURATUM,  by  the  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand. 

at  41.,  6j.,  gj.,  I2J.,  i8f.,  and  241.  per  dozen, 

BULB      CATALOGUE, 

containing  Priced  List  of  Lilies,  free  on  application, 

WILLIAM       BULL.       F.L.S., 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants, 
536,     KING'S    ROAD,    CHELSEA,    LONDON,     S.W. 

RHODODENDRONS. 


The  best  varieties  in  cuhivation,  mclu 
>wn  raising,  of  superior  merit.  Also,  c> 
n  all  sizes.     For  desctiption  and  Price  e 


ing  many  kinds  of  c  ur 
ice  Hybrid  Seedlings, 
•  CATALOGUE. 


AZALEAS. 

stock  of  Azalea  mollis  Seedlings,  fine  bushy 
plants,  covered  with  bloom-buds,  8i.  to  9^.  per  dozeuj  50^.  to 
tQS.  per  100.  Also,  Azalea  ponlica,  welUbudded  plants,  41.  to 
61.  per  dozen. 

GENERAL  NURSERY  STOCK  in  the  finest  condition  for 
transplanting.    CATALOGUE  on  application. 
ISAAC   DAVIES   &   SON. 
NURSERYMEN,   ORMSKIRK,   LANCASHIRE. 


PAUL  &  SON'S 

Great    "Hardy   Plant"   Nurseries, 
THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT. 

Station  Great  Eastern  Railway^  13  miles  from  London. 


THE  NEW  EDITION  OF  ROSE 

and  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Tree  Catalogues  are  carefully  pre- 
pared and  worth  consulting  by  Planters. 
Post-free  on  application. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  CHESHUNT  ROSES 

have  maintained  the  80  years'  reputation  of  Paul's  Firm. 

PAUL.  &  SON'S  FRUIT  TREES. 

Unquestionably  the    finest   standard    Apples,    Pears,   and 
the  Trade.     50.000  for  Sale.     Large    planters 


should  c 


D  the  produ 


PAUL  &  SON'S  ORNAMENTAL  TREES. 

Particoloured,   Avenue,    or    Shelter    Trees  in   almost  un- 
rivalled variety. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  SHRUBS  &  EVERGREENS 

Hollies— 8  acres  of  the  finest  Gold  and  Silver  kinds.     All 
evergreens  sofrequtiuly  transplanted  as  to  be  safe  to  remove, 

PAUL  &  SON'S  AMERICAN  PLANTS, 

Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  smothered  with  bud.     Grown 
in  loam  at  the  High  Beech  Nursery. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  HERBACEOUS  &  ALPINE 
PLANTS. 

An  immense  variety  at    the    new   Broxbourne    Nursery 
specially  devoted  to  these  plants. 

PAUL    &     SON, 

THE    OLD     NURSERIES,     CHESHUNT, 

were  the  continuous  exhibitors  at  the  Colindiies. 


HELLEBORES, 

OR 

CHRISTMAS    ROSES. 

/  am  very  pleased  to  be  able  to 
offer  a  7nag7iificcnt  lot  of  Christmas 
Roses,  probably  the  finest  lot  in  the 
trade.  All  the  varieties  now  oj^ered 
are  strong  Hotne-grown  Clumps, 
full  of  Flower-buds,  and  I  would 
advise  Early  Orders  to  secure 
them,  as  I  know  the  stock  of  fine 
Clumps  is  very  limited  this  season. 

NIGER     CAUCASICUS. 

An  intermediate  form  between  major  and  maximum, 
having  dark  mottled  stems  and  dark  green  erect  foliage. 
The  flowers  are  large  and  very  conspicuous,  pure  white 
when  flowered  in  a  cold  frame  or  even  where  protected 
by  shrubs,  but  when  fully  exposed  the  outside  of  the 
petals  are  slightly  tinted  with  rose.  It  is  one  of  he  most 
vigorous  of  the  Christmas  Roses,  and  one  wnich  will 
succeed  where  some  of  the  ordinary  varieties  fai.. 
Fine  Strong  Clumps  full  of  Flower-buds,  xs.  hd.  and 
2s.  6d.  each,    iSs,  and  24J.  per  dozen. 

MADAME    FOCTRCADE. 

This  is  a  gem  :  flowers  of  medium  size,  snow-white, 
and  produced  in  the  greatest  profusion,  the  very  anallest 
plants  flowering  ;    the  foliage  is  light  green,  of  a  ipread- 
ing  habit,  and  a  very  robust  grower,  quite  distinc. 
Strong  Flowering  Clumps,    is.  6d.  and  2J.  ()d,  each, 
i3j.  and  24J.  per  dozen. 

MAJOR. 

Although  this  plant  is  frequ^intly  offered,  it  is  eldom 
to  be  obtained  true  to  name,  owing  to  its  great  viue  for 
cutting  purposes.  The  flowers  are  pure  white  under 
glass,  but  have  a  slight  rosy  tinge  in  the  open  ;  :  is  the 
greatest  favourite  among  market  growers,  prc^ucing 
flowers  from  December  to  January.  It  is  a  grandjrariely 
for  potting,  the  foliage  is  so  close  and  compact,  gid  the 
flowers  abundant.  i 

Fine  Strong  Clumps,  full  of  Flower-buds,    xs.  6l  and 
2j.  6d.  each,  15X.  and  34J.  per  dozen. 

MAXIMUS.       j 

A  robust  variety,  the  largest  of  the  group,  aij  very 
ornamental  as  a  foliage  plant.  The  blossoms  arjlarge 
and  white,  shaded  with  rose  on  the  exterior,  andener- 
ally  produced  in  twos,  but  if  shaded  or  a  glasslaced 
over  the  plants  the  flowers  are  then  pure  whil^  By 
shading,  the  flowers  can  be  retarded  even  to  Deciiber. 
It  is  the  most  vigorous  of  the  section,  and  succeed:vhere 
many  of  the  others  fail  to  grow. 
Exlra   Strong   Flowering  Clumps,     ai.  6d.,    y  ""i 

i,s.  dd.  each:    2+r.,  30J.,  and  afis.  per  dosl 

Smaller   hut   still   Flowering,    \s.    and   \s.  bJ  each, 

\os.  6d.  and  151.  per  dozen. 

RUBRA. 

One  of  the  most  distinct  and  novel  of  this  glip,  a 
veritable  red  Christmas  Rose.  The  flowers  ar  arge, 
produced  about  the  end  of  January,  and  are  of  ovely 
rose  colour.  It  is  a  robust  grower,  very  free  bkning, 
and  a  decided  acquisition  for  cutting  purposes. 
Strong  Flowering  Clumps,  2s.  6d.  each, 
24J.  per  dozen, 

NIGER. 

COLLECTED        PLANTS. 
I  have  just  received  a  very  heavy  consignment  i 
which  are  really  fine  healthy  stuff,   full  of  flower- 
think  the  finest  batch  of  imported   Hellebore^hich 
ever  reached  me. 


BE     CAREFUL    IN     THE    ADDRESS. 


THOMAS    S.  WA 

HALE   FARM   NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LONDOJ 

P.S.  Trade  Prices  may  be  had  upon  apfl 


E, 


THE 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER    zo,    1886. 


TO  M  AT  O  S. 

IN  Messrs.  Sutton's  trial  grounds  at  Reading 
eighty-five  comparisons  of  Tomatos  were 
made  this  year,  the  plantation  being  un- 
doubtedly one  of  the  finest  in  the  country. 
Numerous  so-called  varieties,  which  are  not 
really  distinct,  are  included  every  year  in  various 
lists  which  are  put  before  the  public,  but  they 
are  all  tested  here  so  as  to  ascertain  their  actual 
merits  and  distinctions.  Si.xty-five  of  these 
varieties  were  planted  side  by  side  this  season, 
and  I  have  lately  had  the  satisfaction  of  com- 
paring them  together — good,  better,  and  best, 
as  the  case  may  be.  It  is  needless  to  men- 
tion the  worst,  or  to  explain  that  the  firm 
named  above  will  only  include  in  their  cata- 
logues next  season  a  limited  number  of  dis- 
tinct varieties,  such  as  they  have  proved  to  be 
the  best. 

But  the  best  varieties  indoors  and  under  the 
protection  of  glass  are  not  the  best  everywhere  ; 
and  this  is  a  point  to  be  carefully  considered. 
President  Garfield,  for  instance,  is  the  most 
popular  Tomato  out-of-doors  in  Germany,  while 
in  this  country,  with  its  cooler  and  shorter 
summer,  it  proves  too  late  for  outdoor  cultiva- 
tion, though  it  is  a  capital  sort— and  the  largest 
under  glass.  In  comparing  it  with  Sutton's 
Earliest  of  All  on  September  29  only  a  few 
of  its  earliest  fruit  were  ready  for  pick- 
ing, and  most  of  the  crop  'was  not  in  a 
condition  to  ripen';  while  the  other  variety, 
which  is  probably  the  earliest  Tomato  in 
cultivation,  had  commenced  ripening  August  8, 
and  carried,  at  the  date  just  given,  a 
most  abundant  crop  in  heavy  bunches. 
Tomatos  in  this  climate  must  be  early, 
three  most  essential  points  in  their  cultiva- 
tion being  early  maturity!  early  maturity!  early 
maturity  ! 

In  regard  to  their  shape,  the  principal  types 
of  Tomatos  are— i,  flattish-round  ;  2,  globe- 
shaped  ;  3,  oblong ;  and  there  is  a  Pear-shaped 
variety.  In  addition  to  the  various  hues  of  red, 
scarlet,  and  crimson  which  distinguish  the  ripe 
fruit,  Messrs.  Sutton  have  a  yellow  Tomato  of 
peculiar  appearance,  which  is  not  found,  how- 
ever, among  the  twenty-one  distinct  sorts  in 
their  catalogue,  or  in  the  Amateur's  Guide  in 
Hortiadtiire,  1 886. 

As  there  is  very  great  variety  in  size,  shape, 
and  character  among  Tomatos,  and  very  great 
differences  in  the  quality  of  the  fruit  and 
its  flavour  —  as  much  difference  as  in  a 
Williams'  Pear  in  perfection,  and  the  same 
when  "sleepy"  and  flavourless  —  I  propose 
noticing  some  of  the  best  sorts  which  we  cut 
open,  and  in  many  cases  tasted,  during  an 
interesting  inspection — and  partook  of  freely, 
too,  with  satisfaction,  and  without  after-smart  or 
any  unwelcome  pinch.  I  shall  describe  such 
characteristics  as  were  obvious  to  sight  and 
taste,  relying  necessarily  upon  my  able  in- 
formants on  the  spot  for  such  hidden  qualities 
and  intrinsic  merits  as  one  cannot  detect  at  a 
glance. 


648 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  18 


The  Earliest  of  All  is  the  earliest  Tomato  in  culti- 
vatioD,  remarkably  productive,  perfectly  smooth  of 
surface  when  grown  under  glass,  and  not  much  corru- 
gated even  in  the  open  air.  It  is,  therefore,  a  most 
valuable  variety  for  outdoor  cultivation,  growing  and 
ripening  perfectly  in  these  trial  grounds  in  an  open 
border,  without  a  wall,  trained  to  sticks  3  feet  6  inches 
high,  two  plants  to  each  stick,  and  each  pair  of 
plants  one  yard  distant  in  every  direction  from 
the  neighbouring  pair.  The  fruit  is  solid,  and 
juicy  quite  to  the  skin  when  ripe,  differing  therein 
from  those  inferior  varieties  in  which  the  juicy  pulp 
occupies  only  the  middle  of  the  fruit  leaving  a  hollow 
cavi'.y  between  that  central  part  and  the  skin  or 
rather  the  fleshy  shell  which  the  skin  envelopes. 

Chiswick  Red  bears  large  clusters  of  fruit  of  oblong 
shape  and  vermilion  shade  of  red.  It  is  very  prolific, 
bearing  several  great  clusters  of  fruit  to  each  plant, 
and  we  found  that  some  of  the  clusters  were  com- 
posed of  as  many  as  fifteen  or  twenty  and  even 
twenty-five  ripe  Tomatos.  Eat  it,  ye  vegetarians,  as 
salad  or  sauce  I  and  train  it,  ye  gardeners  and  amateurs, 
under  the  rafters  of  your  "  housen,"  where  it  will 
supply  you  all  through  the  winter  with  fresh,  ripe 
fruit  of  medium  size,  needing  less  heat  than  the 
larger  sorts,  and  proving  almost  as  ornamental  and 
more  useful  than  Japanese  Chrysanthemums.  It  was 
raised  at  the  gardens  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  in  1883,  took  a  First-class  Certificate,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  and  was  introduced  by  Messrs. 
Sutton  last  year.  How  much  society  owes  the  seeds- 
men I  Why,  then,  should  brewers  only  be  raised  to 
the  peerage  at  the  rate  they  have  been  lately— 
Guinness,  Allsopp,  Bass?  They  deserved  their 
honours,  doubtless,  but  I  think  some  gardeners  and 
seedsmen  should  be  promoted  too. 

Powell's  Early  is  a  second  early,  with  large,  flat- 
tish,  round  fruit,  borne  in  large  bunches.  Fruit 
rather  corrugated,  and  therefore  not  so  suitable  lor 
exhibition  as  some  varieties.  Next  to  early  maturity, 
the  attainment  of  a  smooth  surface  has  been  the 
greatest  improvement  accomplished  for  Tomatos,  not 
that  mere  smoothness  would  add  much  to  their  value, 
but  for  reasons  easily  appreciated  in  cutting  open  the 
fruit  of  corrugated  sorts,  as  well  as  those  that  have 
been  improved.  There  is  correlation  of  growth 
between  outside  and  in,  and  smoothness  is  accom- 
panied by  a  skinful  of  juicy  pulp,  while  corrugation 
implies  waste,  owing  to  the  large  extension  of  the 
surface-skin,  and  a  liabilily-fcom  which  Powell's 
Early  is  not  free— to  crack  in  the  centre.  It  is  a  good 
sort,  too,  and  very  productive,  but  I  think  perhaps  a 
baronetcy  would  sufficiently  reward  the  raiser. 

Vicks'  Criterion  is  a  very  good  sort.  Plum-shaped, 
quite  smooth,  and  distinct  and  novel  in  its  colour, 
which  is  bluish-crimson,  instead  of  the  usual  scarlet. 

Reading  Perfection  is  the  handsomest  variety  in 
cultivation  ;  fruit  perfectly  smooth,  and  fiattish-round 
in  shape ;  juicy  to  the  outside  skin  ;  no  waste,  as  the 
fiuit  is  not  at  all  corrugated.  More  suitable  for 
indoor  than  for  outdoor  treatment,  although  with 
care  a  satisfactory  return  may  be  made  by  planting 
in  the  open.  This  is  the  finest  type  of  exhibition 
Tomato. 

Cluster,  a  very  ornamental  variety — not  only 
excellent  for  decoration,  but  most  useful  to  those  who 
like  a  small  Tomato  for  the  table.  The  fruits  are 
perfactly  round  and  smooth,  about  the  size  of  a  marble, 
and  are  produced  on  long  handsome  racemes. 

The  next  batch  we  inspected  was  an  improvement 
on  Cluster,  with  much  larger  fruit  and  even  longer 
racemes.  There  is  another  Cluster  variety  with  small 
fruit  in  shape  like  the  old  Jargonelle  Pear. 

Red  Cherry  is  a  very  appropriate  name  for  another 
variety,  and  Red  Currant  is  another  well  named  and 
most  remarkable  sort.  The  fruits  are  scarcely  larger 
than  a  red  Currant,  and  are  produced  on  racemes 
2  feet  in  length,  often  bearing  as  many  as  forty-five  to 
fifty  fruit. 

Maincrop  is  a  handsome  sort,  and,  as  its  name 
implies,  is  a  maincrop  variety.  It  is  quite  distinct 
from  any  other  sort,  the  leaves  being  very  much 
larger,  and  more  like  those  of  the  Tobacco  plant.  It 
is  wonderfully  productive,  and  ripens  well  on  an  open 
border,  and  still  better  under  a  south  wall.  Flavour 
delicious.  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau,  sent  to  bed 
suppeiless  as  a  little  boy,  said  to  the  hot  joint 
upon  the  table,  "Good-bye,  roast  meat!"  and  I 
could  almost  have  said  in  quitting  the  Tomato 
grounds,  "  Good-bye,  Maincrop  !  "  but  then  there 
is  such  a  diff«rence  between  feeling  full,  or  famished. 
H,  E. 


PASSIFLORA  WATSONIANA,*  Mast.,  sp.  «. 
This  is  a  species  which,  if  devoid  of  the  special 
attractiveness  of  some  others,  is  nevertheless  endowed 
with  much  grace  and  elegance.  For  our  knowledge 
of  it  we  are  indebted  to  the  Director  of  the  Royal 
Gardens  at  Kew,  and  Mr.  Watson,  under  whose 
charge  the  plant  is,  has  been  good  enough  to  supply 
us  with  specimens  for  figuring.  Its  native  country  is 
not  known,  and  there  is,  so  far  as  we  can  ascertain, 
no  specimen  in  the  herbaria.  We  have,  in  conse- 
quence, named  it  in  complement  to  the  able  and 
obliging  superintendent  of  the  indoor  department  at 
Kew.  As  aspeciesitbelongstotheGranadillasection, 
differing,  however,  from  the  great  majority  of  that  group 
by  the  presence  of  very  minute  fugacious  bracts,  instead 
of  the  usually  leafy  and  more  or  less  persistent  organs. 
It  is  nearly  allied  to  P.  Raddiana  (the  kermesina  of 
gardens)  and  to  P.  picturata,  but  differs  materially 
from  both,  not  only  in  the  bracts  but  also  in  the 
arrangement  of  the  corona,  and  in  other  particulars. 

The  species  has  cylindrical  wiry  purplish  stems, 
with  (tor  the  genus)  rather  closely  set  leaves.  The 
leafy  stipules  measure  about  half  an  inch  in  length  and 
rather  less  in   width ;    in   form  they  are   reniform. 


sliglly  toothed.  The  petioles  are  about  1  inch  in 
len(h,  cylindric,  provided  about  the  middle  with  two 
micte  stalked  glands.  The  blade  of  the  leaf  measures 
abot  3  by  2^  inches,  is  deep  green  above,  violet 
bemth,  broadly  ovate  in  outline,  cordate,  subpeltate, 
diving  to  the  middle  into  three  oblong-acute 
lobi,  with  a  few  glands  in  the  intermediate  sinuses. 
Pedncles  axillary,  i-flowered,  twice  the  length  of 
thedjacent  leaf-stalk.  Bracts  scattered,  setaceous, 
fugaous.  Flower-buds  oblong,  cylindric,  slender. 
Floer  about  3  inches  in  diameter.  Flower-tube 
abo  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  dilated  at  the  base, 
umlicate  at   the  attachment  of  the   stalk,   deeply 

'assiflora  (§  Granadilla)  Watsortiani,  Mast.,  sp.  n.— 
Glaa,  ramis  cy  indratis  tenuibus  rigidis  ;  stipulis  12 — 15  mm, 
loniloliaceis  reuiformibus  denticulatis  ;  petiolis  gracilibus  3 
cm.>ng,  glandulis  stipitatis  parvis  2—3  minutis ;  foliis  5—6 
cm.;— 8  cm.  lat  :  superne  viridibus  subtus  purpurascentibus 
subltatis  palmalim  5-nerviis,  trilobis,  lobis  oblongis  obtusis 
sinus  inter  lobos  latis  glandulis  sessilibus  praiditis  ;  pedimculis 
axil-ibus  solitariis,  i-floris  petiolis  duplo  longioribus;  bracteis 
diss  setaceis  caducis  ;  flore  diametro  7 — 8  cm.,  lubo  brevi 
vencoso  basi  intruso  apice  valde  constricto  ;  sepalis  oblongis 
obts  dorso  sub  apice  Icvitcr  corn=cuiatis  ;  petalis  conformibus 
sepi  xquilongis  albidis  seu  pallide  violaceis  ;  corona  fauciali 
e  fi  numcrosissim  s  erectopatentibus  conflata,  filis  extimis 
peti  aequantibus  violaceis  basi  albido-fasciatis,  filis  intimis 
dimo  brevioribus  purpureis  capitatellis,  corona  media  mem- 
braiea  etecta  tubulata  supra  medium  circa  gynophorum 
conicta,  margine  in  fila  erecta  numerosissima  purpurea  divisa : 
core  infra  mediana  annulari :  corona  basilari  tubulata  basi 
cumynophoro  concrescente  superne  libera  cupuliformi  ;  sta- 
mins  rubro-fflaculatis  ;  ovario  oblongo  ovoideo  glauce-scente 
styburpureo  maculatis  supcrato  ;  fructu  igtioto.  Patria  mihi 
ince  verisimilit-r  Brasilia  meridionalis,  Specimina  viva  in 
Palto  horti  regii  Kewensi  cxaminavi. 


constricted  above.  Sepals  linear,  oblong,  obtuse, 
with  a  small  horn  near  the  apex,  green,  with  a 
whitish  margin  externally,  white  flushed  with  violet 
within.  Petals  as  long  as  the  sepals  or  nearly  so, 
somewhat  nairower,  of  a  very  delicate  lilac  tint. 
Corona  of  many  rows  of  threads,  the  outermost 
nearly  as  long  as  the  petals,  violet  with  narrow  trans- 
verse bars  of  white  below  the  middle.  To  these 
succeed  numerous  slender  capilatellate  threads  half 
the  length  of  the  foregoing,  and  of  a  deep  violet 
colour.  The  membranous  corona  or  innermost  of 
the  faucial  series  consists  of  a  purple  membranous 
tube,  narrowed  towards  the  upper  end  and  dividing 
into  a  number  of  erect  purplish  filaments  pressed  up 
against  the  column.  The  infra-median  corona  is  a 
fleshy  rim  projecting  from  the  inside  of  the  flower- 
tube  below  the  middle.  The  basilar  corona  is  con- 
crescent  with  the  base  of  the  column  for  about  one- 
third  of  its  length,  above  which  it  expands  into  a 
shallow  fringed  cup.  Column  purple-spotted, 
glabrous.  Filaments  and  styles  spotted.  Ovary 
ovoid,  oblong,  glaucous,  much  shorter  than  the  style. 
M.  T.  M. 

Vanda  Dearei,  «.  sp.' 
This  new  Vanda  flowered  in  September  last  in 
Baron  von  Sohrceder's  celebrated  collection,  at  The 
Dell,  near  Staines,  where  it  was  grown  by  Mr. 
Ballantine.  It  was  obtained  from  Colonel  Deare, 
and  is  of  Sondaic  origin.  Its  d^but  at  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  on  September  7  and  8  last,  was 
honoured  by  the  award  of  a  First-class  Certificate. 

My  knowledge  of  the  plant  is  based  on  a  leaf  with 
dried  flower.  My  coloured  sketches  ol  the  fresh  fl  ower 
were  made  at  Kew.  It  is  decidedly  very  similar  to 
Vanda  tricolor.  The  leaf  is  very  sharp,  bidentate, 
and  measures  Ij  inch  in  breadth.  Some  say  the 
yellowish-green  colour  is  characteristic  of  this  species, 
but  I  do  not  believe  it.  The  chief  peculiarities  of  the 
flowers  consist  in  the  shortly  stalked  sepals  and  petals 
with  large  blunt  laminas  without  undulations.  The 
median  sepal  is  unusually  large.  The  lip  is  of  a 
brighter  yellow  colour  than  those  organs.  I  think 
there  was  a  kind  of  tesselation  of  darker  yellow 
blotches  on  a  brighter  ground.  I  did  not  put  these 
details  in  my  sketch,  because  my  yellow  paint  was  not 
bright  enough.  I  noticed,  however,  that  the  lip  was 
gamboge- yellow.  That  organ  is  as  broad  as  that  of 
Vanda  tricolor  planilabris.  I  hope  that  the  little  callus 
over  the  anterior  part  of  the  conical  spur  may  be  dis- 
tinctive, if  it  always  appears  as  it  did  in  my  flower. 
It  is  rounded  sulcate,  very  short,  while  the  callus  in 
Vanda  tricolor  is  longer,  broader,  and  very  widely 
channelled.  There  are  a  few  hairs  beneath  the 
callus.  At  all  events  it  is  a  very  interesting  plant. 
I  hope  to  obtain  eventually  richer  inflorescences, 
and  become  better  acquainted  with  it.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Odontoglossum  constrictum  (Until.)  fallens. 
».  var. 
Mr.  F.  Sander  kindly  sends  me  this.  It  has  light 
sulphur-colouredsepalsandpetals,  and  a  whitish  column 
and  lip,  the  last  with  a  lightest  yellowish  hue.  It  may  be 
an  extraordinary  rarity,  but  both  the  genuine  Lindleyan 
type,  as  the  C.  castaneum,  also  sent  by  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
in  November  last,  are  far  superior,  il.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Masdevallia  glaphyrantha  X  ,  «.  hyb.  Veitch. 

This  is  a  new  and  elegant  member,  between  the 
smaller  types  of  the  coccinea  group.  It  has  a  flower 
as  large  as  those  of  Masdevallia  Barlsana,  but  the 
tube  is  rather  short  and  wide,  pale  outside,  and 
bordered  by  the  reflexed  overlapping  margins  of  the 
free  lacinise,  which  are  of  an  exceedingly  warm  and 
clean  purple.  Their  free  bodies  are  triangular,  widely 
surpassed  by  the  yellow  tails,  which  are  neatly  reflexed 
as  one  sees  sometimes  in  Masdevallia  infracta.  Petal, 
lip,  column,  are  of  nearly  the  same  length,  included  in 
the  tube.  Petals  ligulate,  emarginate,  retuse  at  the 
top,  with  a  spreading  angle  at  the  base  looking  to  the 
lip.  Lip  ligulate,  with  reflexed  anterior  top,  purple 
at  the  base,  with  two  purple  stripes  in  front.  There 
is  an  obscure  tumour  at  the  top.  Will  this  tumour 
prove  constant  ?     I  scarcely  believe  it. 

This  Masdevallia  is  declared  as  of  doubtful  origin 
by  the  kind  sender,  Mr.  Harry  Veitch.  Mr.  Seden 
has  no  record  of  its  descent.  Mr.  Harry  Veitch  thinks 
of  a  descent  from  Masdevallia  Shuttleworthii.  Mr. 
Sedeo  remembers  experiments  with  Masdevallia  in- 

•  Vanda  Dearei,  n.  sp.— AfF.  Vandae  tricolor! :  sepalis  tepal- 
isque  breviter  unguiculatis.  laminis  ellipticis  bcre  obtusis  : 
sepalo  imparl  ma.vimo  :  labelli  laciniis  lateralibus  quadratis 
paxvis,  lacinia  antica  transverse  pandurata  lata,  calcari  cooico 
subacute,  callo  brevi  rotundato  sulcato  supra  ostium  in  labelli 
basi.  —  Flores  flavi  striolis  rufis  in  laciniis  lateralibus  ac 
quaternis  in  basi  laciniae  antic*.    Ins.  Sondaic.    In  coUcct,  t 


s  de  Schrceder,  floruit  September, 


H.  G.  Rchb./. 


NovEiinER  20,  l8S6.j 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


649 


fracta.  At  first  sight  I  thought  of  this  both  on  account 
of  the  short  tube  and  of  the  rolled  tails.  Masdevallia 
BarlKana  may  be  the  other  parent. 

Doubtful  as  this  little  gem  is  in  its  origin,  it  is 
doubtless  a  lovely  thing,  that  must  procure  good  friends 
among  all  Orchidisls  who  see  it.  It  has  a  great 
shoricoming — there  is  but  one  plant  of  it.  H.  G. 
Rchb.  /.  


ORCHIDS    IN    FLOWER   AT  MR. 

B.   S.   WILLIAMS'. 

In   spite   of  those   who   proclaim   the  scarcity  of 

Orchids  that  flower  at  this  season,  a  visit  paid  to  this 


numbers  of  C.  Trian^e  that  make  up  the  bulk  of  the 
plants  in  the  house  give  plenty  of  promise  of  a  full 
harvest  of  flower  later.  In  the  next  house  visited  were 
Catlleya  Dowiana  aurea,  its  colours  still  bright  and 
rich,  notwithstanding  the  blotted-out  sun  and  indif- 
erent  light;  Oncidium  obryzilum,  a  distinct  small- 
flowered  yellow  variety  with  a  much  branched  spike  ; 
Cattleya  maxima,  the  rich  brown  and  yellow  marked 
Odontoglos.sum  Insleayii  and  O.  Rossii  were  all  found 
more  or  less  in  flower  ;  and  Sophronites  grandiflora 
formed  a  grateful  patch  of  fiery  red  amongst  the  tamer 
tints. 
Miltonia  Candida  in  several  ex.imples  was  in  bloom. 


named  C.  S.  magnificum,  a  very  handsome  flower ; 
C.  Lindleyanum,  slight,  yellow,  and  tall,  but  nearly 
always  in  bloom  ;  C.  Harrisianum,  also  showing 
varying  depths  of  colour  and  degrees  of  waxiness  ;  C. 
insigne  Mooreanum,  a  light-tinted,  bold  flower,  semi- 
transparent,  and  long-stalked  ;  C.  Sedeni,  an  enor- 
mous plant  of  which  was  bearing  a  great  nnmber  of 
blooms  ;  C.  S.  superbum,  C.  S.  cardinale,  C.  ciliolare, 
C.  Roezlii,  distinct  and  tall  ;  C.  chloroneurum,  an 
improved  venustum ;  C.  Haynaldianum,  C.  longi- 
folium,  and  C.  biflorum,  a  Warneri  in  growth  and 
flower,  but  with  the  habit  of  bringing  twin  blooms. 
In  the  Cypripedium  division  other  plants  were  found 


r 


Fig.  127.— passiflora  watsoniana  :  colour  pale  lilac,  leaves  purple  beneath,     (see  p.  64S.) 


nursery  always  reveals  many  still  in  flower  to  delight 
the  connoisseur.  In  the  first  house  entered  was  a  sus- 
pended plant  of  Ccelogyne  Massangeana,  going  off 
somewhat  but  still  with  its  four  long  racemes  pretty 
thickly  studded  with  bloom.  Near  by  Oncidium  ligri- 
num  was  seen  in  several  examples  with  sprays  of  its  long- 
enduring  blooms  ;  O.  Jonesianum,  small,  but  rarely  out 
of  bloom  ;  the  lovely  orange  and  yellow  colours  of  O. 
Marshallianum  brightened  up  the  little  group  by  the 
door.  A  few  Lycaste  Skinneri  in  various  colours,  and 
some  Cypripediums,  as  Maulei,  Chantini,  Aerides 
Rohanianum,  a  form  of  A.  suavissimum,  with  pale 
yellow  enduring  flowers,  and  a  specimen  of  Cattleya 
TrianEe  were  also  in  flower  in  this  house.     The  great 


as  were  Lcelia  Dormaniana,  with  the  rich  purple  lip 
and  half-closed  sepals  ;  Lslia  elegans  brassiata,  sepals 
and  petals  of  green,  suftused  with  purple  faintly,  lip 
of  purple  ;  several  forms,  all  showing  minor  differ- 
ences of  colour  of  Lselia  Perrini,  Oncidium  varicosum, 
the  rare  Lycaste  Skinneri  alba  with  one  bloom 
expanded,  and  lastly,  a  Cattleya  gigas  o(  two 
spikes  — a  fairly  good  form  of  the  variety.  In 
this  house  was  a  flower-stalk  of  Peristeria  elata 
furnished  with  the  unusual  number  of  three  lateral 
branches. 

The  Cypripedium-house  proper  contained  a  number 
of  species  and  varieties  that  were  bearing  flowers,  viz., 
C.  Spicerianum,  in  various  forms,  the  best  being  one 


in  flower,  as  Vanda  tricolor  insignis,  which  is  a  very 
constant  species ;  Phalasnopsis  amabilis,  P.  rosea, 
a  constant  bloomer  also  ;  and  Vanda  ccerulea. 

The  small  Odontoglossum-house  contained  some 
plants  of  O.  Alexandra,  0.  Andersonianum,  On- 
cidium Forbesi,  so  rich  in  colour ;  O.  bracteatum,  a 
long  flower-spike,  densely  set  with  quite  minute 
flowers,  yellow  as  to  the  lip,  and  spotted  with  brown 
on  sepals  and  petals.  A  good  piece  of  Mesospinidium 
vulcanicum  had  two  flower  racemes,  massive  for  this 
species ;  another  plant  in  flower  was  Oncidium  incur- 
vum,  with  flower  of  violet-rose. 

Dendrobium  superbiens  in  numbers  were  in  flower, 
also  D.  bigibbum  album,  which  is  not  album  at  all, 


650 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  18 


but  blush-coloured  ;  D.  Dearei,  just  coming  into 
flower  ;  Cattleya  Walkeri  (dolosa),  A.  Masdevallia 
troglodytes,  wiih  bell-shaped  flowers,  and  tails  that 
stretch  out  horizontally,  the  inner  colour  of  the  flower 
being  red-brown,  and  the  outer  pale  brown.  This  is 
a  most  peculiar  flower,  and  is,  owing  to  the  position 
in  which  the  bloom  is  held,  seen  best  from  below.  A 
small  plane  of  Angraecum  Lecnis  was  carrying  one  of 
its  handsome  white  fluwers,  and  Warscewiczella  dis- 
color, several  of  the  lalter  plant  being  in  a  suspended 
pan.  Trichocentrum  albo  purpureum,  differing  from 
the  type  in  the  richer  colour  of  the  lip  ;  and  Phalce- 
nopsis  antennifera,  of  alight  rose  colour,  were  in  flower 
in  small  specimens  ;  the  latter  is  a  very  constant 
flowerer. 

Of  other  than  Orchids  we  noticed  Ilaemanlhus 
Catherin^e  superbus,  bearing  a  glowing  scarlet  corymb 
of  bloom,  a  fine  plant  at  this  season  ;  Amar>llis  Mrs. 
W.  Lee,  A.  Comte  de  Cierminy,  and  A.  Mr?.  Gar- 
field, useful  late-season  varieties.  The  pretty  Soneiilas 
are  well  done  here,  and  are  not  coddled  in  any  way, 
therefore  the  more  useful. 


BOTANICAL    RAMBLES    IN 
SOUTH  CHINA. 

iConcluda  from    /.    6i3.) 

On  the  same  island  I  found  a  fine  arborescent 
Rhododendron,  with  dark  green  coriaceous  leaves 
and  large  heads  of  beautiful  lilac-pink  flowers.  Dr. 
Ilance,  a  short  time  before  his  death,  noted  its 
affinities  and  found  it  to  be  near  Rhododendron 
arboreum.  He  intended  to  publish  it  in  the  Jottmal 
of  Botany  under  the  name  of  R.  photiniflorum,  but  I 
d)  not  know  whether  his  description  had  been  sent  to 
EngUnd  before  his  death,  if  not  it  will  no  doubt 
be  found  amongst  his  manuscript  notes.  The  tree 
grows  at  a  height  of  3000  feet,  and  might  stand  a 
temperate  climate,  as  in  its  native  soil  it  is  exposed  to 
very  variable  climatic  conditions.  In  the  spring  it  is 
enveloped  in  a  dense  mist,  which  keeps  the  vegetation 
saturated  for  weeks.  As  the  summer  advances  it  is 
occasionally  exposed  to  the  fury  of  the  Chinese  typhoon, 
and  in  the  winter  to  the  dry  cutting  winds  and  pro- 
longed drought  that  dries  up  the  watercourses  and 
bakes  the  soil  quite  hard. 

Growing  near  this  Rhododendron  I  found  a  curious 
Arisoema,  pronounced  by  Dr.  Hance  to  be  new,  and 
near  A.  Tartarinowi,  from  Pckin.  The  yellowish- 
white  spathe  curves  over  the  short  club-shaped  spadix 
and  tapers  off  into  a  thin  caudate  filament  about 
12  inches  long.  I  was  greatly  interested  a  short  time 
after  finding  this  Ari-eema  in  finding  another  Aroid 
on  Tai  Mo  Shan,  with  the  same  remarkable  de- 
velopment of  "  tail,"  but  the  "tail "  in  this 
case,  instead  of  being  a  prolongation  of  the 
spathe,  was  a  prolongation  of  the  spadix.  In 
both  plants  this  curious  appendage  bends  down  and 
touches  the  ground,  and  may,  as  Hooker  says, 
serve  as  a  kind  of  staircase  for  insects  to  crawl  up  and 
assist  in  fertilisation.  If  this  be  so,  the  coincident 
variaiion  of  two  di  tinct  organs  is  very  remarkable  and 
interesting.  Another  handsome  Aroid,  probably  an 
Amorphopballu-s  was  also  found  growing  on  Tai  Mo 
Shan  m  rocky  niche?.  The  foliage  of  this  one  exactly 
resembles  that  of  A.  variabilis,  but  the  spathe  is 
greenish  and  heavily  blotched  with  purple  and  is  con- 
siderably shorter  than  the  spadix,  which  is  long, 
smooth,  and  of  a  chocolate  colour,  while  in  a  A.  varia- 
bilis the  spadix  is  white,  roughly  papillose,  and 
shorter  than  the  spathe.  Dried  specimens  will  have 
reached  Kew  by  this  time,  where  the  specific  characters 
will  be  determined. 

One  sweltering  hot  day  late  in  the  spring  I  went 
up  a  steep  ravine  and  reached  an  elevated  plateau  where 
three  streams  met ;  the  taps  of  the  surrounding  cragi 
closed  inward  in  one  corner  and  formed  a  coul  shaJed 
retreat.  Looking  round  I  noticed  a  tunnel-like  gully 
formed  by  the  bed  of  a  small  stream.  The  rocks  on  boih 
sides  were  covered  with  the  scarlet  rosulate  Drosera 
Loureiri  and  the  slender  Utricularia  bifida,  Begonia 
laciniata,  Ardisia  primulifolia,  and  the  beautiful  blue- 
berried  Ophiopogon  spicatus.  The  p.issage  was 
filled  with  Smilax  ferox,  the  gay-flowered  but  prickly 
Ccesalpinia  nuga,  and  other  spiny  plants.  Here,  in 
an  open  space  exposed  to  the  sun,  I  found  the  gem 
of  my  collection — an  Aristolochia,  now  described  by 
Mr.  Hemsley  in  the  Journal  of  Botany  for  Septem- 
her,  1SS5,  as  A.  Westlandii.  It  was  straggling  over 
the  face  of  a  large  boulder,  and  was  covered  wilh 
broad  fleshy  flowers  as  large  as  a  man's  hand,     The 


shape  and  colour  is  difficult  to  describe.  It  resem- 
bles A.  longifolia,  recently  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine^  but  is  much  larger.  The  leaves  are 
lanceolate,  and  vary  from  6  to  10  inches  loug  and 
14  inch  broad.  The  flower,  and,  in  fact,  the  whole 
plant,  is  decidedly  handsome.  The  original  plant, 
which  I  took  up,  and  which  is  now  at  Kew,  had  thick 
jointed  tubers  about  9  inches  long. 

Higher  up  the  hill,  in  an  adjacent  ravine,  I  was 
delighted  to  find  another  new  species  of  this  genus, 
also  described  by  Mr.  Hemsley  in  the  Journal  of 
Botany  for  September,  18^5.  This  has  aveiy  modest 
flower  compared  wilh  the  other  one,  and  belongs  to 
an  entirely  different  section  of  the  genui.  It  sends 
out  long  shoots  that  crawl  negligently  over  the  rocks, 
or  climb  up  the  shrubs  in  its  vicinity.  The  flowers 
are  reddish-brown,  trumpet-shaped,  with  a  globose 
swelling  at  the  base,  and  about  an  inch  long.  The 
leaves  are  cordate  acuminate,  bright  glossy  green, 
with  a  network  of  raised  veins  on  the  underside,  which 
make  the  plant  rather  striking  as  a  creeper,  and 
although  it  may  not  be  of  much  horticultural  value,  it 
is  very  interesting  botanically  ;  it  has  been  named  A. 
Fordii.  In  the  same  ravine  I  discovered  another  new 
Rhododendron,  but,  as  Dr.  Hance  remarked  when  he 
saw  the  flowers,  "It  is  not  likely  to  be  awarded  a 
gold  medal  at  a  flower  show."  The  flowers  are 
scarlet,  and  exceedingly  small— so  minute,  in  fact, 
that  it  is  difficult  to  see  them  on  the  plant  without 
very  close  inspection.  This  plant  has  ihe  habit  of 
R.  indicum,  but  the  leaves  are  much  narrower,  and, 
on  the  young  shoots,  much  longer. 

Near  the  top  of  this  mountain  the  fragrant  Daphne 
odorata,  the  rare  Wikstroemia  monula,  and  fine 
sturdy  plants  of  Khododendion  indicum  and  R. 
Farrer^e  can  be  found  in  quantity.  Some  of  the  rocks 
at  this  elevation  (3000  feet)  are  covered  with  patches 
of  Peperomia  reflexa,  and  another  species  of  Peperomia 
which  has  not  yet  been  submitted  to  an  authority  for 
determination.  The  first  mentioned  species  has  a  very 
wide  distribution,  but  has  not,  I  am  told,  been  found 
in  China  before.  Here  we  likewise  find  Torenia 
Fordii,  Cbirita  sinensi?,  Strobilanlhes  Championi, 
Dianella  ensifolia,  Ardisia  chinensis,  Melastoma 
repens,  several  species  of  Rubus,  and  thick  beds  of 
i-Eichynanthus  bracteatus.  Dichroa  febrifuga  and 
Ilex  viridis  and  I.  menecyclifolia  are  also  common  at 
this  elevation. 

Sheltered  nooks  that  had  once  been  cultivated  and 
afterwards  abandoned,  are  covered  with  wild  Banana 
and  Colocasia  indica.  Farther  down  the  long  flat 
valleys  are  studded  with  villages  and  Rice  fields.  In 
the  distance  the  numerous  islands  of  the  China  Sea 
appear  like  outposti  guarding' the  shores  of  a  great 
continent,  and  the  harbour  of  Hong  Kong  wilh  the 
city  behind  it  form  a  fine  panorama.  Looking  west 
a  far-off  island  doited  wilh  white  specks,  rises  dimly 
in  the  distance  ;  this  is  the  island  and  holy  city 
of  Macao,  one  of  the  first  advance  posts  of  commerce 
and  Christianity  in  this  distant  region,  and  the  place 
where  the  unfortunate  Luis  de  Camoens  wrote  his 
great  poem  the  LustaJ,  some  time  previous  to  the  year 
1 569.  The  commercial  prosperity  of  Macao  is  almost 
a  thing  of  the  past,  and  it  seems  hard  to  reconcile  the 
exemplary  morality  of  this  "  holy  city  "  with  the  fact 
that  the  bulk  of  its  revenue  is  derived  from  the  Chinese 
gambling  helU.  Farther  round  to  the  north,  the 
ocean  is  stained  with  a  thick  yellow  current  issuing 
from  the  moulhs  of  the  rivers  that  converge  near  the 
famous  city  of  Canton.  The  water  is  alive  wilh  ships, 
that  give  a  peculiar  foreign  character  to  the  scene. 

The  bare  exposed  appearance  of  the  landscape 
would  lead  one  to  expect  a  hard  drought-loving 
type  of  vegetation  capable  of  withstanding  the 
extremes  of  drought,  heat,  and  cold  to  which  it  is 
exposed,  but  at  present  the  bulk  of  the  plants  may 
be  said  to  be  strictly  moisture  lovers.  Bentham, 
when  he  wrote  the  Flora  Hongkongcnsis,  was  struck 
with  the  tropical  character  of  the  great  majority  of 
species.  He  specially  mentions  the  affinity  of  the 
flora  wilh  the  tropical  Asiatic  flora  and  plants  from 
the  hot  wet  hilly  regions  of  Khasia  and  Assam,  and 
notes  the  absence  of  plants  pertaining  to  the  dry 
parched  regions  of  Western  India.  That  the  now 
bare  hills  of  southern  China  were  once  more  thickly 
clothed  than  they  are  at  present  is  tolerably  certain. 
The  geographical  affinities  of  our  flora  above-men- 
tioned would  seem  to  substantiate  the  supposition 
that  it  is  but  the  lingering  fragment  of  a  great  flora 
that  had  been  devastated  in  the  first  instance  by  the 
swarming  inhabitants  of  the  coast  and  the  inland 
va'leys,   and    afterwards   weakened   by   the    adverse 


climatic  conditions.  There  is,  it  is  true,  a  fair  pro- 
portion of  plants  peculiar  to  this  region,  but  I  do  not 
think  that  there  is  any  evidence  to  show  that  the 
present  nature  of  the  climate  and  other  physical 
features  of  the  locality  account  for  their  limited  dis- 
tribution. The  fact  (which  Bentham  remarked)  of 
**  the  comparative  number  of  monotypic  genera  being 
far  greater  in  the  Hong  Kong  flora  than  in  that  of  any  1. 
other  flora  of  similar  extent,"  supports  the  conjecture  \ 
that  a  number  of  the  species  of  these  monotypic 
genera  have  died  out  or  have  been  destroyed. 

No  one  who  is  unfamiliar  with  the  peasant 
life  oT  this  part  of  China  can  realise  how  rapidly 
the  ancient  endemic  flora  is  disappearing.  Nearly 
every  accessible  tree  and  shrub  that  may  be  dried 
and  burnt  is  cut  down  with  avidity  ;  even  the 
modest  herbage  of  the  hill  sides  is  shaven  off  and 
dried  for  the  same  purpose  ;  and  when  the  intense 
drought  of  the  winter  has  dried  everything  up,  the 
villagers  periodically  set  fire  to  the  gra;s,  so  that  the 
charred  remains  may  fertilise  the  succeeding  crop. 
It  is  a  fine  spectacle  on  a  dark  night,  to  see  the  dis- 
tant hills  lit  up  wilh  long  lurid  bands  of  flames  illu- 
minating the  gloomy  heights  and  tinging  the  skies 
with  the  glow  of  the  far-stretching  conflagration. 
But  the  fire,  unfortunately,  is  not  confined  to  the 
grassy  slopes  ;  it  extends  to  the  wooded  ravines 
and  withers  up  the  vegetation  of  the  steep  crags 
that  would  be  inaccessible  to  the  ordinary  wood- 
cutter. 

How  long  these  and  other  agencies  have  been 
working  wholesale  destruction,  would  be  difficult  to 
estimate,  and  when  we  still  meet  with  such  a  varied 
flora  despite  the  many  adverse  conditions,  we  cannot 
help  being  impressed  wilh  the  wonderful  tenacity  of 
plant  life. 

What  would  it  have  been  under  more  favourable 
conditions,  when  even  now  on  a  barren-looking  island, 
8  miles  long  and  4  miles  broad,  we  find  upwards 
of  1 140  species  ?  It  is  painful  to  think  of  the  number 
of  plants  that  must  have  been  swept  into  oblivion 
unrecorded  by  science,  and,  what  is  more  important, 
their  economic  properties  undeveloped  and  lost  to  the 
modern  world  ;  and  yet  China  with  her  industrial 
resources,  her  ancient  learning  and  her  thousands  of 
years  of  so-called  civilizilion  remiins  indiff'erent  to 
the  fact  that  the  work  of  destruction  is  still  going  on, 
and  it  is  not  likely  that  she  will  awake  to  a  realisation 
of  the  fact  till  a  vitiated  climate  refuses  to  supply  the 
wants  of  a  surplus  population. 

In  these  desultory  rambles  I  have  collected  eight 
planti  new  to  science,  and  seven  plants  new  to  the 
flora  of  China,  and  this  within  a  comparatively  bmall 
radius.  These  results  give  but  a  faint  idea  of  the 
richness  of  the  field  for  botanical  research.  When 
we  consider  that  the  hills  of  continental  South  China 
and  the  country  connecting  these  hills  with  the  Cochin 
Chinese  coasts,  wilh  Barmah,  Silhet,  and  Assam  is 
still  botanically  unexplored,  we  can  anticipate  the 
amount  of  novelty  they  contain. 

But  very  little  can  be  accomplished  in  an  occa- 
sional journey  in  the  cool  season  up  the  rivers  or 
across  a  small  tract  of  country,  and  this  is  all  that 
has  been  done  as  yet — not  for  want  of  will  to  do 
more,  but  because  ways  and  means  have  not  admitted 
of  more  extended  research.  Much  good  work  has 
nevertheless  been  done  in  this  way  ;  but  in  order  to 
get  a  satisfactory  idea  of  what  this  broad  continent 
contains  it  would  be  necessary  to  remain  in  the 
country  collecting  and  noting  everything  of  interest 
in  a  thorough  manner.  An  energetic  collector  who 
could  journey  in  the  interior  for  a  few  years  would, 
I  am  convinced,  do  more  towards  establishing  a 
knowledge  of  what  this  mysterious  country  contains 
than  the  present  desultory  journeys  are  likely  to  do 
for  the  next  fifty  years.  The  financial  outlay  would 
not  be  very  great,  and  the  advantage  of  making  an 
early  examination  of  this  fast  fading  flora  cannr)t  be 
overestimated  or  too  forcibly  urged.  A.  B.  H'cstlandf 
Botanic  Gardens,  Hong  Kong. 


DIOSPYROS  Kaki.  —  Canon  Ellacombe  has  long 
been  known  as  a  magician — we  do  not  for  a  mo- 
ment insinuate  that  he  practises  the  black  art,  but 
he  certainly  does  succeed  in  getting  things  to  flower 
and  fruit  in  the  warm  corners  of  his  Gloucestershire 
garden  that  other  people  cannot  do.  A  day  or  two 
since  we  received  from  him  fruits  of  Diospyros  more 
than  half  ripe,  taken  from  a  south  wall.  No  doubt,  if 
kept  in  a  warm  place,  they  will  "  blet  "  into  some- 
thing toothsome.  From  past  experience  we  advise 
none  of  our  friends  to  taste  these  frails  before  they  are 
well  bletted, 


November  20,  1886  ] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


651 


MESSRS.   JACOB    WRENCH    & 

SONS'  TRIAL-GROUNDS. 
One  hundred  and  thirty-six  years  since — that  is, 
in  1750 — the  business  so  long  and  so  honourably 
known  in  the  seed  trade  as  that  of  Messrs,  Wrench 
&  Sons,  was  originated  in  Lower  Thames  Street, 
City.  In  the  counting-house  of  the  present  premises 
in  King  William  Street  there  hangs  a  picture  of  Old 
London  Bridge,  with  all  its  quaint  houses  and  shops, 
and  certainly  this  memento  of  days  long  past  was  in  fit 
accord  with  ihe  early  Thames  Street  shop  or  store  in 
which  the  business  of  the  firm  was  then  carried  on.  But 
the  destruction  of  the  old  bridge,  and  the  erection  of 
the  noble,  broad  structure  which  now  spans  the 
Thames,  doubtless  impelled  the  enterprising  members 
of  the  house,  some  fifty  years  since,  to  establish  them- 
stlves  in  the  street  formed  by  the  new  bridge,  at  that 
time  the  most  important  thoroughfare  in  London. 

Here  in  the    present   unassuming,    but   admirably 
placed  business  premises,   an  excellent  illustration  is 
aiifjrded  of  the  way  in  which  space  is  utilised  in  the 
City   of  L-jndon,    for  whiltt  there   are  beneath    the 
front  or  King  William  Street  level  two  large  floors, 
and  again  large  diy  cellars  beneath  those,  there  are 
above  this  level  four  other  large  floors  all  devoted  to 
storage  and   business  purposes.     In  addition  to  the 
above-mentioned,  the  firm  holds  waterside  premises  at 
Ujckhead   for  the    unloading    and    warehousing    of 
seeds  which  are  sent  up  by  barge,  hoy,  or  steamer. 
During    all    these  years    of  trade    life   and    activity 
the   nature   of  the  area  of  that    trade   has  changed 
more  or  less  according  to  changed  conditions  in  gar- 
dening or   agriculture,    but    it    has    not    decreased — 
indeed,  and    in  spile  of  the  competition  in  the  seed 
trade   which  exists,  the  old  house  has  always  main- 
tained its  position,  doing  its  best  to  adapt  itself  to  the 
spiiit   and    requirements  of    the  age.      Finding   the 
place  crowded  with  Dutch  bulb?  we  inquire  whether 
the  sales  are  as  good  now  as  before  the  institution  of 
bulb  auctions,  and  learn  that  the  trade  has  increased 
tenfold  within  the  last  twenty  years.   In  some  instances 
sales  may  have  afiecled  some  customers,  but  it  would 
seem  as  if  they  rather  had  created  new  ones.     In  any 
case   the  bulb    trade   in    King  William    Street    has 
annually   increased.     The  chief  trade  of   the   house 
is  in  agricultural  seeds  for  producing  root  crops,  the 
great  cattle  food  agents  of  the  day,  and  in  vegetable 
seeds    for    market    gardeners,    among    whom  Jacob 
Wrench  &  Sons  have  always  held  a  very  high  reputa- 
tion.      The    association    of  market   gardening    with 
farming,    which  is  found   so  widely  prevalent   now, 
especially  in  Kent  and  other  of  the  home  counties, 
has    very     naturally     increased    this     market    seed 
trade,  and    even  beyond   the   responsibilities    which 
attach    to   the   private   garden    trade    is    it    of    the 
first  importance   that  a  house   dependent  so  largely 
upon  the  confidence  of  farmers  and  market  growers 
should   supply    stocks  that    are    absolutely    reliable. 
When    we    hear    of   growers     putting    down    very 
large  breadths  of  land  under  such  crops  as  Cabbage, 
Cauliflower,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Peas,  &c.,  it  is  evident 
that  any  mistake   in   the  stock  supplied,  or  neglect 
in  fully  proving  it,  or  in  maintaining  its  high  quality 
and  correctness,  would  be  productive  of  an  irrepar- 
able loss  to  the  grower.     The  same  would  happen  to 
the  farmer  whose  Swedes,  Mangels,  Carrots,  or  other 
root   stocks  were  bad.     No  house  can  exist  in  the 
seed  trade  if  it  be  negligent  on  this  head.     Hence  it  is 
of  the  first  importance  that  every  stock  should  undergo 
the  severest  ordeal  of  trial  under  the  eyes  of  the  re- 
sponsible heads  of  the  house,  and  to  that  end  a  suitable 
trial   ground   is   essential.      This   interesting  spot  — 
because  full  o(  elements  of  interest  to  the  gardener — 
we  found  adjoining  the  North  Kent  Railway,  some 
mile  or  more  beyond  Lee  station,  and  to  be  of  several 
acres  in  extent.     The  soil  is  naturally  deep  and  good, 
very  friable  at  one  end,  and  strong  and  adhesive  at 
the    other  ;     thus     admirably    enabling     stocks    to 
bear  the  tests  of  such  diverse  soils.     It  is  worthy  of 
remark  that  the  firm  tests  its  own  stocks  and  not 
those  of   other   houses,   hence  we  were   saved    from 
these  depreciatory  remarks  which  too  often  disfigure 
visits  of   this   kind   when   trials   include   stocks   not 
solely   from   a   firm's    own   growers.      Of  course   in 
such  businesses  as  the  one  under  notice,   seeds  are 
grown   not   merely  in  many   places  in   this  country 
but   in  others ;  hence  it  is  needful  that  trials  of  all 
stocks  grown   for  the   firm  should  have  the   fullest 
testing. 

Dealing  first  and  briefly  with  farm  roots,  we  found 
some  sixty   rows   of  Mangels  on  trial,  several  rows 


being  devoted  to  one  kind,  and  each  one  representing 
stocks    from    different   growers.      So   handsome  and 
massive  are  the  samples,  on  the  whole,  that  we  could 
almost  wish  Mangels  were  good  garden  roots.     What 
can  be  more  attractive  than  the  rich  orange-red  golden 
Tankard,    so   handsome,    clean,    and   even ;    or    the 
Champion    Yellow  Globe,   so   stout,    true,  and    free 
from  toes  or  side  roots?     Bulbs  such  as  those  grown 
here  in  soil  of  moderate  quality  exhibit  the  true  average 
character  of  the  stock,  whilst  being  grown  closer  than 
is  the  case  with  big  roots  on  highly  manured  soils,  the 
produce   per  acre  is  enormous.     The  Yellow  Inter- 
mediate is  also  a  capital  kind — handsome  oval  shape, 
and  perfect  in  form  throughout ;    the  Mammoth  Long 
Red,  a  form  perhaps  less  widely  grown  for  stock  feed- 
ing than  are  the  yellow  kinds,  yet  here  it  is  so  clean 
and  handsome  that  the  roots  might  be  taken  for  huge 
Dili's  Beetroot,  so  good  are  they.     By  way  of  con- 
trast to  these  limited  selections  from  so  many,  we  are 
favoured  with  a  review  of  some  German  kinds,  one  of 
which  shows  a  globe  form,  but  when  pulled  the  bulbs 
are  found  to  be  hollowed  out  at  the  ba  e  almost  like 
the  bottom  of  a  champagne  bottle,  thus  proving  very 
deceptive  as  a  standing  crop.     It  is  evident  that  Eng- 
land has  not  a  rival  yet  in  the  production  of  fine  clean 
stock-feeding  roots.     Swede?,  again,  are  very  largely 
grown,  and  come  up  not  less  handsome.     Wrench's 
Standard  is  a  handsome  short-necked  stock,  and  has  a 
very  deep  purple  top.     We  are  not  expert  in  the  varia- 
tions of  S^vedes,  but  we  can  aver  that  the  samples  pre- 
sented in  this  trial  ground  seemed  to  be  of  the  very 
best.     Kohl  Rabi  and  white  Belgian  Carrots  are  also 
valuable  stock  feeding  roots,  and  the  samples  of  these 
a  Jain  are  good,   and  will  bear  compaiison  with  any 
other-.      With  regard  to  garden  or  market  Carrots, 
Altrincham  and  Long  Surrey  are  the  longest  forms, 
both  being  very  clean  and  true.   In  the  sandier  portion 
of  the  ground  these  roots,  though  only  of  fair  size, 
omeout  very  clear  indeed,  and  bright  coloured.   Next 
come   the  scarlet    Intermediate,   differing  in  a    very 
inappreciable  degree  from  the  new  Intermediate  ;  and 
James'  Intermediate  comes  next  for  length,  whilst  the 
two  former  are  the  more  massive  varieties.    Natuially 
the  prejudices  of  the    market  must  be    studied,  but 
it    would   seem   as   if   no    Carrots   could  excel   these 
Intermediates  for  bulk  or   shape.     French  Forcing, 
Nantes     Eaily,      and     Dutch     Horn — the     latter, 
a  dwarf  little  kind— furnish  the  earliest  and  shortest 
samples.       Beets,    too,    are   numerous.    Dell's   being 
represented    by   many    rows    as,    perhaps,    the    most 
popular  Beet  of  the   day.     It    is   remarkable    to   see 
how  many  so-called  Beets  on  a  trial  resolve  themselves 
into  Dell's  Crimson  ;  ail   the  samples  are  good  and 
true.    The  most  noticeable,  on  account  of  the  smallness 
of  its  top,  is  Frisby's  Beet.   The  Covent  Garden  shows 
an  excellent  form,  with  rather  dwarf  even  tops,  colour 
reddish-m=tallic,  and  roots  good.     The  Pine-appie  is 
stronger  with  spreading  tops,  and  Dewar's  Short-lnp 
seems  to  be  identical  wiih  Nutting's  Beet.     Whyte's 
Black  is  an  old  and  very  robust  kind,  the    roots  large 
and  having  flesh  almost  black.     It  is  noticeable  that 
some  have  greenish  leaves,    yet    the   roots   of   these 
commonly  produce  the  darkest  flesh. 

Parsnips  also  merit  notice,  as  the  roots,  though 
long,  come  out  so  clean  and  good.  The  firm's  chief 
stock  is  what  is  known  as  Llc.:)mbe's  improved  form 
of  the  Hollow  Crown,  and  it  is  certain  that  the  stock 
is  a  first-rate  one.  The  roots  show  a  rounded  and 
somewhat  elevated  shoulder,  with  a  hollow  crown, 
and  this  distinction  is  most  marked.  The  Jersey 
Parsnip  is  not  so  good  as  is  the  first  named. 

Onions  of  many  kinds  had  previously  been  har- 
vested, having  ripened  early,  but  of  Leeks  there  was 
a  good  trial,  the  Musselburgh  and  the  Lyon  being  the 
best,  of  these  two  the  former  seemed  to  be  the  hardiest 
and  strongest,  and  could  barely  be  excelled  for  all 
ordinary  uses.  This  kind  is  the  most  acceptable  for 
the  market  grower. 

Of  ridge  Cucumbers  the  best  stocks  are  Stockwood 
Ridge  and  Bedfordshire  Champion,  although  none 
seem  to  excell  the  former  when  carefully  selected. 

A  big  lot  of  dwarf  Beans  included  Pale  Dun, 
Canadian  Wonder.  Fulmer's  Early,  Osborne's  Forcing, 
Monster  Long-podded  Negro,  with  many  others,  all 
capital  samples,  and  very  true. 

Of  Runner  Beans  the  firm's  Gigantic  Runner — a 
good  scarlet  stock,  well  selected  and  very  prolific — was 
the  best,  the  pods  long,  straight,  and  of  a  rich  green 
hue,  much  like  the  new  Ne  Plus  Ultra. 

Parsley  afforded  a  capital  trial,  and  specially  good, 
because  so  finely  curled  and  deep  in  colour,  is  the 
Champion  Curled.      No  wonder  that  such  a  good 


thing  is  in  great  demand  by  market  growers,  as  it  ig 
excellent  in  quality. 

Members  of  the  Brassica  family  now  comprise  the 
chief  elements  of  our  notes,  and  of  these  the  trial  of 
Cabbages,  Kales,    Broccolis,  &c.,  is  a   very  extensive 
and  useful  one.      Most  Cabbages  are  proved  twice 
over,  viz.,  from  autumn  and  from  spring  sowings,  so 
that  the  completest  testing  is    given.      Red  pickling 
Cabbages  show  the  huge  Red  Diumhead,  Red  Dutch, 
and    Early  Dwarf  Red,   all  capital  stocks ;    but    for 
hardiness  and  colour  none  can  excell  the  Red  Dutch, 
the    hearts    being  very    firm,    and    in    colour   deep 
metallic  crimson.     Of  white  Cabbages,  specially  good 
is  the   firm's   pretty   Little  Pixie,    here    so   distinct, 
small,  and  solid  ;  it  is  a  perfect  small  garden  cr  early 
Cabbage.     Pigmy  is  another  small  hearting  kind,  very 
even  and  pretty.     The  conical  old   Early  York  is  in 
capital  form  ;  so  is  the  Eist  Ham,  a  favourite  market 
kind,  producing  large  solid   heads  with   little  outside 
leafage.     Alkins'  Matchless,    London  Defiance,  and 
Wheeler's  Cocoa-nut,  are  all  capital   forms,  and  true 
throughout.     Leeds'    Market,    Enfield    Market,    and 
the    Rainham,    are    all    noted    fine   market    kinds, 
having    excellent    reputations,    and    here    are    first- 
class.     Gilbert's    Chou    de    Burghley,    with    its    tall 
sugar-loaf    hearts,    is   again    in    perfect    form,    and 
is      most      highly     praised     for     its     qualiiy    when 
cooked.       It    ought    to    become    a    first-rate    winter 
market   Cabbage.       Nonpareil    Dwarf  is    a    perfect 
dwarf  green  Cabbage,  of  great  value  for  small  gar- 
dens.     Wheeler's    Imperial    and     Shilling's    Queen 
both    present    very    fine    Cabbages.       The    French 
Eampes  resembles  the  Early  Nonpareil.    The  Drum- 
head forms  of  Cabbage  are  very  fine,  one  of  the  best 
being  Flat  Datch,  or  Gibson's  Diumhead,  whilst  the 
Glen  D«arf,  a  Scotch  selection,  is  also  a  capital  early 
kind.     The  stocks  of  Rosefe  and  Hardy  Green  Cole- 
worts  are  good,  as  also  the  various  Savoy  Cabbages, 
the  D.vaif  Ulm  and    Little  Pixie,   the   latter  rather 
unfairly  named  by  another  firm,  are  charming  selec- 
tions, true  and  good.    Green  Curled  and  D*arf  Drum- 
head   are   also   really    first-rate,    so    even    and    true 
throughout.     Brussels  Sprouts  are  in  good  form,  the 
bulk  sprouting  well  on  strong  stems.       The    first    is 
found  in  a  fine  robust  stock  of  Wrench's  King  of  the 
Market,  a  fine  selection  of  the  firm,  producing  large 
solid  Pear-shaped  Sprout  of  delicious  quality.  The  old 
London  Market  kind  seems  beside  the  former  quite 
useless.     Aigburth  is  fair  in  form,  but  the  Wroxton, 
though  not  robust,  is  very  even,  poducing  an  abundance 
of  small  Sprouts.     Kales  are  plentiful,  the  Dalmeny, 
Cot:ager's,  and  Buda,  being  fine  free  growers  ;  whilst  a 
beautiful  green  curled  is  the  Selected  Tall  Curled,  the 
heads  very  compact  and  massive.      A  pretty  kind  for 
winter  garden  decoration  is  the  Dwarf  Purple,  of  a 
deep  metallic  hue.     Variegated  Kales  are  also  beau- 
tifully coloured  and  true, 

A  very  large  area  is  devoted  to  Broccolis  of  many 
kinds,  but  of  course  not  at  present  in  condition  for 
remarks.  Eclipse  and  Autumn  Giant  Caulillowers 
were  excellent— indeed,  remarkably  fine,  the  first- 
named  being  somewhat  quicker  in  turning  in  from 
spring  sowings,  and  thus  helping  to  create  a  longer 
season.  Not  only  are  the  stocks  here  first-rale,  and 
producing  wonderful  heads,  but  they  are  excepiionally 
true— a  matter  of  the  first  importance  to  growers. 
Early  Cauliflowers  had  been  largely  tried,  the  Snow- 
ball proving  the  earliest  and  best- 


AUTUMNAL  ROSE  SHOWS,  &c. 
"Wild  Rose"  writes  so  charmingly  on  Roses 
generally  that  it  is  unfortunate  that  any  divergence  of 
veiw  should  disturb  his  equanimity.  Still  rosaiians 
may  surely  agree  to  differ,  thus  drinking  in  charity  as 
well  as  fragrance  from  their  favourite  flowers.  As  to 
autumnal  Rose  shows  being  a  "miserable  failure" 
that  is  rather  an  appeal  to  the  imagination,  and  would 
hardly  be  indorsed  by  Mr.  Findlay  in  the  case  referred 
to.  It  is  also  doubtful  if  August  28  was  the  best 
time  for  an  autumnal  show.  Certain  it  is  that  the 
Roses  at  Ihe  Edinburgh  International  Show  in 
September  were  not  failures,  and  that  I  have 
seen  not  a  few  twenty-fours  in  September  equal 
or  superior  to  those  sho-A-n  in  June,  But  the  best 
season  for  autumnal  shows,  like  a  good  many  other 
things,  has  to  be  determined  by  experience. 
And    the   fact    that    one     aiilHipnsl    show    of   the 


652 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[NOVEMHER    20,     1886. 


National  Rose  Society  did  not  come  up  to  "Wild 
Rose's  "  expectations  affords  no  valid  reason  for  dis- 
missing all  future  attempts  as  **kite  flying."  Even 
the  latter  occupation  would  have  the  merit  of  con- 
vincing "  Wild  Rose  "  and  all  whom  it  concerns  that 
the  current  of  public  opinion  had  set  in  strongly  in 
favour  of  ever-blooming  Roses.  Such  being  the  case, 
the  National  Rose  Society  will  fail  in  its  duty  to  its 
constituents  and  to  its  sovereign  if  it  fails  to  do  its 
utmost  through  the  holding  of  autumnal  Rose  shows, 
or  otherwise  to  meet  and  satisfy  the  craving  for  good 
Roses  all  the  year  round.  What  if  its  first  great  expe- 
riment did  not  come  up  to  its  high  pitched  expectation 
nor  pay?  Has  "Wild  Rose"forgotten  the  nursery  rhyme 
— "  If  at  first  you  don't  succeed,  try,  try,  try  again  "  ? 
That  would  be  far  more  sensible  advice  than  to  wait 
for  any  patent  method  of  producing  twenty-four  good 
blooms  in  the  autumn,  as  advised  by  "Wild  Rose," 
p.  587.  Surely  this  writer's  experience  of  the  scarcity 
of  good  autumnal  blooms  must  be  unique,  if  he  con- 
siders any  patent  needed  for  their  production.  Good 
Roses  have  been  common  as  Blackberries  this  season, 
right  up  to  the  last  fortnight  in  October  ;  and  if  such 
choice  cuttings  in  plenty  are  possible  now,  they  will 
become  more  numerous  as  well  as  more  perfect  as 
Teas  are  greatly  multiplied  and  further  improved,  and 
the  numbers  of  other  perpetual  blooming  Roses  are 
increased. 

I  certainly  understood  "  Wild  Rose  "  to  mean  that 
Tea  Roses  were  rendered  hardier  by  being  worked  on 
the  seedling  Brier,  and  am  much  obliged  for  his  cour- 
teous explanation  on  this  point.  I  wish,  however,  it 
had  not  been  needful,  as  I  fear  we  must  not  look  to 
the  seedling  Brier  stock  as  affording  us  any  protection 
from  frost.  As  to  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliara,  I  still 
claim  it  as  a  Tea,  though,  of  course,  I  am  well  aware 
where  it  stands  in  the  catalogues.  But  in  bloom  and 
foliage,  it  is  almost  wholly  Tea.  Did  any  doubt 
remain,  its  tenderness  as  against  frost  would  set  it 
among  Teas.  But  these  are  matters  of  opinion,  and 
of  course  those  who  merely  follow  the  catalogues,  or 
can  trace  any  verisimilitude  between  Baroness  Roths- 
child and  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  will  assert  that  the 
latter  is  not  a  Tea.  Well,  well,  it  is,  I  am  sorry  to 
add,  tender  even  on  the  Brier  stock,  and  that  was  my 
only  point  apropos  to  the  subject  in  hand. 

I  heartily  endorse  "Wild  Rose's  "  remarks  on  the 
effects  of  soil  and  climate  on  Roses  and  other  plants. 
These  not  seldom  drag  them  down  or  raise  them  up 
quite  out  of  their  normal  character.  Probab'y  suffi- 
cient allowance  is  not  made  for  these  disturbing  forces 
in  assessing  the  quantities  of  Roses  grown  at 
different  seasons  as  well  as  in  widely  separated  dis- 
tricts. Still  I  fancy  I  have  seen  Aberdeen  and  Dar- 
lington Roses — to  take  two  Northern  examples — almost 
if  not  a  match  for  Cheshunt  and  Colchester  flowers  ; 
and  it  cannot  be  truly  said  of  Roses  as  of  some  fruits, 
the  further  North  the  worse  in  colour  and  quality.  I 
am  not  careful  to  defend  myself  from  the  charge  of 
ignorance  of  the  National  Rose  Society  and  other 
matters.  Full  justice  will  be  found  done  to  it  and  its 
doings  in  my  previous  letters — see  especially  p.  526. 
But  still  much  more  remains  to  be  done.  Prize 
essays,  for  instance,  might  be  offered  for  certain 
modes  of  curing  such  maladies  as  red  rust  and  mildew. 
No  doubt  the  free  and  full  discussion  of  such  matters 
in  the  Year  Book  is  useful.  I  am  also  perfectly 
conversant  with  the  methods  of  judging  Roses,  and 
for  this  reason  was  rather  surprised  at  the  reve- 
lation of  judging  by  phalanxes.  Possibly  "  Wild 
Rose  "  is  about  right  concerning  the  profits  of  Rose 
showing,  but  then  I  am  hardly  responsible  for  its 
introduction,  but  those  who  condemned  the  holding  of 
autumnal  shows  because  they  did  not  pay.  If  they 
are  useful  in  stimulating  new  or  strengthening  old 
methods  of  fostering  and  developing  continuity  of 
blooming  among  Roses  they  ought  to  be  held  by  our 
National  Rose  Society  whether  they  pay  or  not. 

But  all  this  will  be  condemned  as  unpractical  kite 
flying.  Well,  so  is  everything — such,  for  example,  as 
locomotive  steam-engines,  railways,  telegrams,  tele- 
phones, new  and  fresh  arrangements  of  Rose  boxes, 
say  in  threes,  sixes,  or  dozens  of  a  sort  in  the  higher 
numbers — until  they  are  tried.  But  neither  of  these 
innovations,  or  others  that  might  be  named,  could 
prove  more  unpractical  than  the  sweeping  statement 
of  "Wild  Rose,"  that  the  very  best  Roses  for  garden 
decoration  are  those  contained  in  our  exhibition  list?. 
If  this  be  so,  why  and  wherefore  has  the  National 
Rose  Society  made  a  separate  list  of  garden  Roses, 
and  also  offered  prizes  for  them  ?  But  that  it  is  not 
SO  I  will  prove  by  putting  two  witnesses  forward  as 


fairly  representative,  and  in  such  a  case  two  are  as 
good  as  two  hundred — A.  K.  Williams  and  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  D.  T.  F. 


GARDEN    PALMS 

{^Coittinned  from  p.  491.) 

Metroxvlon,  Rottb. — There  are  about  half-a- 
dozen  species  in  this  genus,  which  is  confined  to  the 
Malaya  regions,  and  which  is  famed  as  the  source  of 
sago,  being  largely  cultivated  on  that  account  in 
certain  parts  of  the  East  Indies.  The  word  sago, 
according  to  Seemann,  signifies  bread  in  the  language 
of  the  Papuans,  among  whom  it  is  a  staple  food  just 


foliage.  M.  vitiense  attains  a  height  of  over 
40  feet  in  about  fifteen  years,  whilst  M.  Iseve 
is  said  to  grow  to  a  height  of  20  feet  in 
from  seven  to  eight  years.  When  full  grown  the 
inflorescence  is  developed  from  the  summit  of  the 
stem,  and  is  an  erect  panicle,  12  feet  high,  pyramidal 
in  form,  with  the  lower  branches  as  much  as  8  feet  in 
length.  The  flowering  and  fruiting  terminates  the 
life  of  the  plant,  or  rather  of  the  stem  that  bears  it, 
for  in  the  Metroxylons  we  have  the  same  habit  of 
developing  young  plants  from  the  base  of  the  stem  as 
is  seen  in  the  genus  Calamus  and  Plectocomia,  to 
which  the  Metroxylons  are  affined.  In  M.  Iseve  the 
leaves  are  unarmed,  but  in  the  others  they  have 
clusters  of  long  flat  blackish  spines  on  the  petiole, 


FiG,    I2S. — NANNORRHOPS  RITCHIEANA,    SUPPOSED  HARDY  PALM.      (SEE    P.    653/ 


as  corn  is  with  us.  The  sago  is  obtained  by  splitting 
the  trunks  of  full  grown  trees  of  Metroxylon,  and  ex- 
tracting the  soft  pulpy  interior,  which  is  then  thrown 
into  water.  The  starch  which  comes  away  with  the 
water  when  it  is  drawn  off,  is  then  allowed  to  settle 
and  afterwards  washed  several  times  to  purify  it  and 
form  sago.  A  tree  fifteen  years  old  is  said  to  yield 
from  600  to  Soo  lb.  of  sago.  Pearl  sago  is  made 
by  soaking  the  flour  and  allowing  it  to  cake  ;  it  is 
then  broken  into  pieces,  sifted  and  rolled  about  in 
bags  before  it  become  quite  dry,  and  again  baked  till 
it  assumes  the  granulated  appearance  it  has  in  our 
shops.  Sago  is  also  obtained  from  several  species  of 
Cycas  and  other  Palms, 

The  appearance  of  the  Metroxylons  is  some- 
what peculiar.  They  have  large  and  sometimes 
tail  trunks,   surmounte'^    by   a    crown    of    pinnate 


especially  on  the  lower  sheathing  portion.  In  M. 
vitiense  the  spines  are  arranged  in  long  sinuous 
lines,  running  more  or  less  transversely  around  the 
petioles,  giving  them  a  singular  appearance.  The 
pinnules  are  dark  green,  3—4  feet  long  by  about 
3  inches  broad,  and  they  are  arranged  in  two  straight 
rows  along  the  rachis.  The  seeds  are  globose, 
slightly  pointed  at  each  end,  3  inches  in  diameter, 
the  husk  composed  of  numerous  diamond-shaped 
scales,  tightly  overlapping,  light  shining  green  in 
colour,  and  forming  a  hard  bony  covering  to  the 
globose  kernel,  which  is  smooth,  and  formed  of  hard 
white  albumen.  M.  amicarum  has  the  largest 
seeds.  The  species  flourish  only  in  hot  swampy 
places,  and  under  cultivation  in  stoves  with  us, 
they  must  have  abundance  of  heat  and  moisture, 
and  be  p'an^ed  in  a  rich  soil.     I  have  never  seen 


November  20,  i885.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


653 


plants  raised  from  seed  sown  at  Kew,  and  according 
to  Bennett  they  are  seldom  propagated  from  seed  in 
their  native  homes,  the  seed  being  generally  unproduc- 
tive :  but  as  the  ofFiets  are  freely  produced  by  large 
plants,  and  as  the  process  of  fruit-bearing  uses  up  all 
the  starch  in  the  stem,  it  is  probable  that  the  natives 
seldom  allow  healthy  trees  to  reach  the  fruiting  stage. 
The  plants  at  Kew  are  at  present  only  about  4  feet 
high,  and  are  stemless,  but  they  are  graceful  in  habit, 
and  quite  as  ornamental  as  the  broad-leaved  Cala- 
muses,  which  they  resemble  somewhat.  In  the 
museum  at  Kew  (No.  2)  there  is  a  very  interesting 
collection  of  the  products  and  peculiarities  of  this 
genus  of  Palms. 

M.  vitiensey  Wendl.  (Sagus  vitiensis,  Wendl.) — Fiji 
Islands. 

M.  amicarum^  Wendl.  {Sagus  amicarum,  Ilort.) — 
Friendly  Islands. 

Nannorrhops,    Wcndland  and  Drtide. 

This  is  one  of  the  six  genera  comprised  in  the 
dozen  or  so  species  of  Palms  which  are  popularly 
known  in  gardens  as  members  of  the  genus  Cham- 
?erops  (see  vol,  xxiii.,  p.  410).  The  only  species 
is  N.  Ritchieana,  Wendl.,  which  has  been  des- 
cribed by  Giiffilh  and  others  as  one  of  the  hardiest 
of  Palms.  Seemann  wrote  of  it  in  1856  as  a  small 
Palm,  with  a  creeping  trunk,  and  a  much  branched 
panicle.  It  grows  in  masses  on  the  barren  hills 
and  passes  below  5000  feet,  leading  up  to  the 
tableland  of  Afghanistan  and  Beloochistan.  Its  geo- 
graphical area  is  from  Baluchistani  through  southern 
Afghanistan,  the  Kohat  district,  across  the  Indus, 
through  the  Salt-range,  and  beyond  the  Jhalum  liver, 
as  far  east  as  the  Sivaliks  Mountains  neat  Bhimbur  in 
Kashmir  territory.  It  is  supposed  to  be  at  least  as 
hardy  as  Charagerops  humilis,  which  it  also  resembles 
in  its  habit  of  forming  tufts  of  erect-stalked,  fan- 
shaped  leaves.  But  there  appear  to  be  no  large 
plants  of  it  in  European  gardens,  nor  can  I  find  any 
record  of  its  having  been  properly  cultivated  in  Eng- 
land till  recently.  It  is  to  Dr.  Aitchison,  who 
accompanied  the  troops  under  General  Roberts  to 
Afghanistan  in  1S78,  that  we  are  indebted  for 
additional  information,  and  to  Mr.  Udney,  B.C.S., 
Deputy  Commissioner  at  Kohat,  for  the  large  quantity 
of  fresh  seeds  lately  received  of  this  very  interesting 
Palm.  These  seeds  have  been  distributed  from  Kew 
among  numerous  botanic  and  private  gardens  and 
nurseries  in  England  and  elsewhere  ;  it  may  be 
well,  therefore  to  give  here  all  the  information  we 
possess  relating  to  this  Palm.  The  accompanying 
figures  (figs.  128,  129),  copied  from  those  given  by  Dr. 
Aitchison  in  the  Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society^  were 
drawn  from  a  tree  growing  in  the  Botanic  Gardens  at 
Saharunpore. 

Brandis  refers  to  this  tree  in  his  Forest  Flora 
{1874).  He  says  : — "  N.  Ritchieana  is  generally  stem- 
less,  the  tufts  of  leaves  arising  from  a  creeping  under- 
ground rhizome ;  but  a  stem  grows  up  sometimes.  Dr. 
Stewart  records  a  specimen  planted  in  the  Saharunpore 
garden  from  seeds  brought  from  Kohat  more  than 
twenty  years  ago,  with  a  trunk  10 — 12  feet  high." 
Dr.  Aitchison  speaks  of  its  dwarf,  stunted  appear- 
ance on  the  higher  hills  as  compared  with  ils  growth 
in  the  open  valley,  where  it  developes  into  a  bush  of 
from  5  to  7  feet  in  height,  close  masses  of  it  extending 
for  miles  across  the  open  plateau.  Frequently,  too, 
he  says  it  may  be  seen  occurring  in  sheltered  places 
as  a  branching  tree  of  from  15  to  25  feet  in  height. 
The  greatest  use  it  is  put  to,  and  in  which  its  chief 
value  consists,  is  in  supplying  the  material  for  the 
manufacture  of  sandals,  not  only  for  the  inhabitants  of 
the  country  where  it  grows,  but  it  is  largely  exported 
to  surrounding  tribes,  with  whom  it  is  a  regular 
article  of  trade.  Europeans  make  a  rope  from  it,  and 
employ  it  for  matting.  Probably  we  shall  find  this 
Palm  hardy  enough  to  grow  out-of-doors  in  the  shel- 
tered parts  of  England  ;  it  is  certain  to  be  happy 
in  the  South  of  France,  Italy,  «S:c,  seeing  that  in  the 
Kuram  Valley,  where  it  was  found  in  such  abundance, 
it  is  exposed  to  extreme  cold  and  snow  ;  in  all 
probability  in  England  it  may,  whilst  young,  re- 
quire to  be  protected  during  spring  from  the  bleak 
damp  cold. 

The  stem  is  unarmed,  as  also  are  the  petioles — a 
character  which  at  once  distinguishes  it  from  Trachy- 
carpus  and  Chamserops.  The  leaves  are  about  3  feet 
long,  the  petiole  being  half  as  long  as  the  palmate 
blade,  which  is  very  stilt  and  leathery  in  texture,  and 
of  a  whitish  hue,  owing  to  the  fine  powdery  substance 
which  covers  it  on  both  sides.     Segments  from  eight 


to  fifteen,  about  I  foot  long,  induplicate,  deeply  bi- 
partite. Inflorescence  erect,  and  paniculate.  Fiuit 
a  roundish  berry,  covered  with  an  edible  pulp  when 
fresh,  and  therefore  eaten  and  called  by  the  same 
name  as  Dates  in  Afghanistan  (Aitchison).  Seeds 
variable  in  size  and  shape — some  round  and  large  as 
bullets,  others  egg-shaped  and  smaller ;  surface 
smooth,  dark  brown,  albumen  horny,  solid  (probably 
hollow  in  dried  seeds,  as  Brandis  says  they  have  "a 
large  central  cavity'').  Seedling  leaves  erect,  ensi- 
form,  rigid,  glaucous.  Judged  by  the  plants  at  Kew 
this  Palm  is  a  slow  grower  when  young. 

In  the  museum  at  Kew  there  is  a  branching  stemmed 
specimen  of  this  Palm,  which  was  brought  from 
Afghanistan  by  Dr.  Aitchison.     jThe  branching  he 


and  the  plants  have  the  habit  of  the  dwarf  tufted 
Geonomas.  The  seeds  are  smaP,  egg-shaped,  red- 
dish-yellow when  fresh,  smooth,  with  a  librous  husk, 
and  a  ruminated  albumen.  Seedling  leaves  bipartite. 
As  a  bright  green,  healthy-looking,  graceful  little 
Palm,  which  does  not  require  much  space,  this  Nenga 
is  worth  a  place  in  stove  collections.  It  likes  liberal 
supplies  of  water  and  a  rich  soil.    W.  Watson^  Kciv. 


attributes  to  the  arrest  of  the  large  inflorescence. 
The  branches  occur  all  along  the  stem,  just  as  in  an 
ordinary  tree — say  a  Pear  tree.  I  am  indebted  to  Dr. 
Aitchison  for  supplying  information  as  to  the  condi- 
tions in  which  this  Palm  grows  wild,  and  the  area 
over  which  it  is  distributed, 

Nenga,  WendL 
The  one  species  known,  N.  pumila,  Wendland  and 
Drude  {syn.  N.  Wendlandiana,  W.  and  D.),  is  a 
graceful  little  Palm,  found  in  the  Malay  islands, 
and  recently  introduced  as  a  decorative  stove  plant. 
It  is  described  as  having  a  tall,  thin,  annulated 
stem,  bearing  a  terminal  tuft  of  graceful  pinnate 
leaves,  with  a  three-sided  short  petiole,  and  has  the 
general  appearance  of  a  Geonoma  or  Ptychosperma. 
When  young  the  leaves  are  irregularly  pinnate,  and 
on  the  plants  at  Kew,  which  are  only  2  feet  high, 
there  ate  basal  clusters  of  offsets  with  bipartite  leaves, 


"PrUIT      l^EQIgTER. 


SEA  EAGLE  PEACH. 
This  is  the  best  all-round  late  Peach  that  I  am 
acquainted  with  for  outdoor  culture.  It  is  constitu- 
tionally a  strong,  healthy  grower,  and  with  me  it 
never  fails  to  set  and  swell  an  abundant  crop  of  large 
and  well-flavoured  fruit.  I  picked  my  last  dish  of  it 
from  a  tree  on  a  wall  having  a  south-west  aspect  on  the 
l8th  ult.  Intending  planters  should  make  a  note  of 
this.  Salway  is  undoubtedly  the  latest  variety  of  the 
Peach  in  cultivation,  and  where  a  long  season  of 
Peaches  is  desired — and  there  are  few  places  where 
they  are  not  so  desired,  and  fewer  still  where  the 
accommodation  is  provided  for  the  production  of  such 
a  supply — a  house  should  be  planted  with  the  Sal- 
way.  It  is  a  grand  fruit  when  grown  under  glass, 
with  sufHcient  fire-heat  at  command  to  thoroughly 
ripen  the  crop.  Thus  grown,  the  fruits — which  when 
the  trees  are  not  over-cropped  and  are  liberally  sup- 
plied with  liquid  manure  at  the  roots  when  swelling 
their  crops,  attains  to  great  size — are  full  of  flavour, 
and  highly  coloured,  being  suffused  wiih  a  rich 
golden  hue;  but  when  grown  out-of-doors  it  is  very 
seldom  that  fruits  of  this  noble-looking  Peach  ripen 
satisfactorily,  even  in  the  most  favoured  districts,  in 
which  case  the  fruits  should  be  gathered  as  soon  as 
they  became  a  little  mellow,  and  be  placed  on  the 
trellis  over  the  front  pipes,  near  the  ventilators  in  a 
late  vinery,  to  put  flivour  ia  them.  H.  IV,  Ward^ 
Lons^fordy  Salisbury, 

Outdoor  Graphs. 
On  an  open  wall,  with  a  warm  south  aspect,  here, 
several  kinds  of  Grapes  are  grown,  including  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  Black  Alicante,  Madresfield  Court,  and 
Frankenthal  ;  all  have  fruited  more  or  less  ;  none 
bloomed  more  freely  than  the  first  named,  indeed 
the  Vine  was  quite  a  picture  when  in  bloom,  but  of 
course  it  set  badly.  If  any  one  would  cross  Sweet- 
water with  Muscat  of  Alexandria  perhaps  a  really 
good  outdoor  white  Grape  would  be  found.  After 
seeing  the  samples  of  Grapes  exhibited  at  South  Ken- 
sington the  other  day  from  Hungary,  I  think  that  we 
could  produce  almost  as  good  here  in  average  seasons 
from  open  walls,  but  we  should  find  them  lacking  in 
the  flavour  these  Grapes  displayed  unless  we  could 
have  Vines  specially  laised  and  fairly  hardy.  But  whiUt 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  sets  so  badly.  Black  Alicanie 
sets  splendidly,  indeed  the  bunches  are  dense  clusters 
and  colouring  well.  Next  comes  Frankenthal,  and 
then  Madresfield  Court.  Alicante,  judging  by  the 
way  in  which  it  sets  and  colours  here  and  in  soil  that 
is  very  poor  and  dry,  seems  as  if  it  were  well  worthy 
of  greater  cultivation  as  an  outdoor  Grape.  I  am  dis- 
posed to  think  that  Vines  for  this  purpose  should  not 
have  indoor  treatment,  much  less  be  raised  or  struck 
in  heat.  From  the  first  they  should  be  treated  solely  as 
hardy  trees  struck  from  cuttings  in  the  open  air,  and 
so  thoroughly  seasoned  to  endure  our  summers,  and 
encourage  the  production  of  hard  ripe  wood.  I  hope 
shortly  to  be  enabled  to  show  how  Alicante  sets  and 
(ruits  outdoors  here.  A.  Z?.,  Bedfont. 

PiNE-APFLE  Growing  Extbaordinary. 

Calling,  on  October  28,  at  the  gardens  of  C.  W. 
Lea,  Esq.,  Parkheld,  Hallow,  Worcester,  I  found 
there  the  most  meritorious  lot  of  Pines  I  had  ever 
seen,  although  by  no  means  the  first  lot  of  good 
fruits  seen  there.  I  noticed  a  Smooth  Cayenne 
recently  cut,  a  perfect  model  of  what  a  good  fruit 
should  be,  with  a  crown  of  nice  medium  size,  and 
which  weighed  11  lb.  3  oz.,  whilst  there  were  at  least 
a  score  of  others  approaching  ripeness,  equal 
in  beauty  and  size  to  this  one,  and  others  in 
various  stages.  Alt  these  younger  fruits  were  on 
stems  so  stout,  and  the  plants  so  stocky  that  they 
cannot  fail  to  finish  up  as  luscious,  heavy  fruits.  A 
large  proportion  of  the  plants  are  Smooth  Cayennes 
and    Charlotte    Rothschilds.      These    results     were 


654 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  1886. 


obtained  from  plants  of  less  than  eighteen  monlhs  in 
age,  but  the  fine  suckers  were  rooted  into  S  inch 
pots,  and  shifted  on  immediately  when  ready 
into  12  or  i4-inch  pols.  The  compost  was  a 
good  hbty  loam,  with  a  little  bone-dust  and  soot, 
using  liquid  manure  as  a  stimulmt  to  growth. 
The  Fines  are  not  the  only  hobby  of  the  gardener,  or 
the  only  instance  of  good  culture  on  the  place  ;  on 
the  contrary,  everything  is  done  well  — notably 
Orchids  (of  which  there  are  thousands),  Grapes,  Figs, 
Peaches,  Bananas,  stove  plants,  and  Chrysanthe- 
mums. The  gardens  in  every  part  are  in  excellent 
order,  and  reflect  credit  on  the  owner  ;  and  were  it 
not  for  the  unpretentious  manner  in  which  Mr. 
Brockington  carries  out  his  employer's  wishes  we 
should  more  often  hear  of  the  interesting  things  so 
well  done  at  Parkfield. 

P. S.  It  will  be  seen  the  above  fruit  beats  by  7  oz. 
the  weight  of  the  supposed  best  on  record:  re  Welfurd 
Park,  p.  584.    IV.  Crump,  MadnsficlJ  Court. 

Fear  Marie  Louise. 
We  gathered  gn  November  8  our  last  lot  of  this 
most  useful  variety,  which  will  carry  on  the  supply 
for  some  few  weeks.  I  have  gathered  about  five 
dozen  weekly  for  some  few  weeks  past,  but  owing  to 
the  sharp  frost  on  the  dale  mentioned  above  the 
remainder  had  to  be  gathered  in.  I  generally  rely  on 
other  varieties  lor  the  earlier  supply,  and  am  using  at 
present  Pitmaston  Duchess  and  Thompson's.  The 
earliest  batch  of  Marie  Louise  are  just  beginning  to 
ripen,  and  are  always  with  us  most  appreciated  late 
in  the  season.  Trees  of  Knight's  Monarch  grown  in 
the  orchard  have  carried  enormous  crops  of  large 
fruit  this  season  here.  Ediv:ird  Ward,  Hewell  Gar. 
dens,  Bi  oiusgrovc. 


Wt\[xi  |[al£»  and  iUanin^s, 


CYMBIDIUM  M.ASTERSII. 
~\ViTH  the  advent  of  the  sunless  season  comes  a 
number  of  the  species  of  Cymbidium,  keeping  up  a 
succession  till  spring,  when  C  eburneum  mikes  its 
appearance.  In  several  respects  this  species  is  com- 
parable to  the  one  under  notice  with  regard  to  the 
shape  of  the  sepals,  petals,  and  the  fragrance  of  the 
flowers.  The  fragrance  of  C.  Mastersii  is  delicate  and 
agreeable — at  least  during  some  of  the  stages  of  the 
flowers,  and  is  generally  considered  to  resemble  that 
of  Almonds.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in  the 
Botanical  Remitter,  xxxi.,  50,  where  it  was  considered 
to  be  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  from  whence  it  was 
introduced  in  1841.  It  is  now  supposed  to  come 
from  Assam.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  rather  narrow, 
and  assume  an  ascending  direction,  giving  the  flowers 
a  very  distinct  appearance  from  those  of  C.  Hookeri- 
anum,  with  which  the  colour  might  suggest  an  affinity. 
The  latter,  however,  is  closely  allied  to  C.  giganieum, 
if  not  merely  a  white  variety  of  it.  The  labellum  of 
C.  Mastersii  is  generally  white,  with  the  exception  of 
the  median  ridge  or  lamella,  which  is  yellow,  and  a 
few  rosy  spots.  A  specimen  now  flowering  at  Sir 
George  Macleay's  place,  Fendell  Court,  under  the 
charge  of  Mr.  Ross,  exhibits  numerous  rosy  purple 
spots  all  over  the  interior  of  the  lateral  segment^, 
together  with  the  usual  ones  on  the  middle  segment. 
Good  rough  peat,  sphagnum,  and  sharp  sand  forms  a 
good  compost  for  this  species,  and  it  must  not  be 
allowed  to  get  dry  even  in  the  resting  season,  although 
a  considerably  smaller  quantity  will  then  suffice. 
J.F. 

Cypripedium  Saundersianum  X  . 
When  I  was  at  Mr.  Lee's,  in  the  most  agreeable 
company  of  Mr.  Day,  we  saw  a  splendid  Cypripedium 
of  unknown  parentage  obtained  from  Mr.  W.  Bull. 
It  was  indeed  the  first  flower.  The  peduncle  was  not 
long,  the  bract  not  well  developed,  yet  the  plant 
looked  as  if  in  very  good  spirits,  and  no  doubt 
it  will  prove  to  be  an  uncommon  beauty.  The  one 
parent  was  probably  C.  Schlimii,  or  C.  Sedeni,  but 
the  other  one  ? 

Leaf  like  that  of  Cypripedium  Sedeni.  Stalked 
ovary  5  to  6  inches  long,  velvety.  Mauve-purple 
flnwer  grand,  equal  to  that  of  a  good  Cypripedium 
villosum.  Median  sepal  oblong-triangular,  whitish, 
with  purple  and  green  stripes.  Body  of  united  lateral 
sepals  broader,  wavy,  while,  green  at  the  top.    Petals 


broad,  ligulate,  acuminate,  undulate,  incurved,  fal- 
cate, fine  purple.  Lip  shorter  than  the  lateral  sepah, 
very  hemispheric  in  front,  with  some  furrows  at  the 
anterior  border  of  the  mouth,  full  of  asperities  in 
front,  fine  purple-spotted  on  a  white  ground  of  the 
two  lobes  involved  in  the  mouth.  Staminode  nearly 
square,  bearded  outside. 

This  may  one  day  be  a  favourite  with  Orchidists 
provided  more  specimens  appear.  I  look  forward  to 
its  improvement  in  future. 

I  felt  very  pleased  that  it  should  be  associated  with 
the  name  of  our  lamented  friend,  a  wonderful  man  in 
his  ardent  love  of  Nature  and  its  treasures.  //.  G. 
A\hi>.  f. 

Catas&tum  longifolium. 

There  is  a  figure  of  this  handsome  and  remarkably 
striking  species  in  Lindley's  Scrium,  t.  31.  It  is  one 
of  those  Orchids  that  appear  and  disappear  af.er  more 
or  less  lengthened  periods  of  time,  but  which  for  that 
very  reason  are  all  the  more  appreciated  when  they 
do  present  themselves  in  our  hothouse.-.  The  in- 
florescence is  cylindrical,  many  flowered,  and  pendent, 
resembling  in  that  respect  some  of  the  Acinetas.  The 
sepals  and  petals  are  broad,  the  latter  almost  orbicular, 
overlapping  one  another,  and  all  directed  upwards  so 
as  to  leave  space  for  the  remarkably  pouch  or  bag- 
shaped  labellum.  The  former  are  deep  brown 
externally  and  much  paler  internally,  forming  a 
striking  contrast  to  the  deep  orange  interior  of  the 
labellum.  The  latter,  strange  to  say,  is  deep  brown 
externally,  like  the  sepals,  so  that  this  organ  must 
possess  two  layers  of  colour.  The  fringed  auricles  a 
little  behind  the  orifice  of  the  wide-open  labellum  is  a 
very  characteristic  feature  of  the  flower,  and  is  sug- 
gestive of  the  mouth  of  some  animal.  The  narrow 
grass-like  foliage  of  the  Kew  plant  is  pendent,  and 
18  inches  to  2  feet  long,  while  in  its  native  country 
the  leaves  are  said  to  attain  a  length  of  6  — S  feet. 
The  species  occurs  on  the  Eta  Palm  {Mauritia  flexuosa), 
where  that  grows  in  marshy  ground,  often  occupyinj^ 
extensive  tracts  on  the  river  Demara,  to  the  exclusion 
of  other  kinds  of  vegetation.  It  nestles  on  the  trunk, 
where  there  are  considerable  quantities  of  decaying 
vegetable  mould,  and  succeeds  best  with  basket 
culture,  hung  up  near  the  light,  using  a  compost  of 
peat,  sphagnum,  and  charcoal.  A  specimen  now 
flowering  in  the  cool  Orchid  house  at  Kew  is  a  curious 
and  interesting  object. 

L.'ELTA   AmESIANAX  . 

A  lovely  hybrid  raised  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  estab- 
lishment between  Catlleya  crispa  and  C.  maxima. 
The  leaves  are  evergreen,  the  flowers  measure  about 
4  inches  across,  and  have  the  sepals  white  with  a 
pale  flush  of  purple,  and  the  lip  a  rich  crimson,  with 
a  yellow  throat.  The  plant  flowers  at  various  seasons. 
Orchid  Album,  t.  253. 

LiELIA  anceps  Percivaliana. 
The  flowers  of  this  fine  variety  measure  more  than 
4  inches  across,  the  sepals  narrow,  lanceolate  ;  the 
petals  obovate,  lanceolate,  pale  pink  ;  the  lip3  lobed, 
basal  lobes  erect^  reflexed  in  front  ;  anterior  lobe  flat, 
spreading  ;  magenta  coloured,  with  a  yellow  throat. 
Orchid  Albuin^  t.  256. 

Cypripedium  selligerum  x  . 
This  was  raised  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  establishment 
between  C.  philippinense  and  C.  barbatum.  The 
prevalent  colour  is  reddish,  the  lateral  petals  are  long, 
with  tufts  of  blackish  hairs.  The  plant  blooms  at 
various  times  of  the  year.     Orchid  Albxtm,  t.  255. 

Odontoglossum  luteopurpureum. 
The  flowers  of  this  fine  variety  are  in  racemes,  and 
measure  nearly  4  inches  across.  The  segments  are 
lanceolate,  coarsely  toothed,  yellow  with  bold  choco- 
late blotches.  The  lip  is  oblong,  whitish,  with  a 
chocolate  blotch  and  a  yellow  keel.  The  front  of  the 
column  is  fringed.  It  is  a  native  of  Quindiu  at  an 
elevation  of  7000— Sooo  feet.  Orchid  Albums 
t.  254. 

Masdevallia  racemosa  var.  Crossi. 
Several  varieties  of  this  pretty  cool-house  Orchid, 
which  was  illustrated  by  us  at  p.  737,  vol.  xxi.,  are 
in  bloom  with  Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co., 
of  Park  Road,  Clapham.  The  term  "  little  gem  "  is 
now  rather  a  hackneyed  one,  but  if  ever  there  was 
an  excuse  for  using  ir,  it  is  in  this  case.  The  plants 
are  neat,  and  of  a  peculiarly  pleasing  reddish-green, 
and  the  flowers  vary  in  tint  from  redd  shscarlet  to 


crimson-orange.  If  Cross,  Chesterton,  and  Carder, 
who  separately  ventured  alter  the  plant,  could  give 
us  a  recital  of  their  discomforts  while  engaged  in 
collecting  it,  every  Orchid  grower  would  buy  a  plant 
from  pure  sympathy.  Pleurothallis  macroblepharis, 
the  singular  "midge  Orchid,"  and  many  other  good 
things  are  in  flower  in  the  same  nursery. 

Ccelogyne  Massangeana. 
Of  this  remarkably  beautiful  species  there  is  at 
present  a  very  handsome  plant  in  flower  in  the 
nursery  of  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Upper  Ilolloway.  It 
had  on  it  five  very  vigorous  spikes  dependent  from  the 
Teak  basket  in  which  it  was  growing  ;  one  spike  ba^ 
on  it  twenty-six  flowers.  This  is  a  vigorous-growing 
species,  and  where  a  few  plants  of  it  can  be  suspended 
in  a  corner  of  the  warmest  house,  it  may  be  had  in 
flower  at  all  seasons,  and  the  long  drooping  spikes 
have  an  excellent  effect.   J .  D, 


In  J 


The  sharp  nipof  7'of  frost  and  the  downpour  of  rain 
have  almost  cleared  the  trees  of  leaves.  A  general 
clean-up,  therefore,  should  now  take  place.  It  is  a 
common  prac'ice  to  rake  out  all  the  leaves  from  beds 
of  American  plants  and  shrubberies,  and  then  dig 
them  over.  This  is  a  great  mistake,  for  a  rake,  fork, 
or  spade  should  not  disturb  such  beds.  The  majority 
of  such  plants  root  close  to  the  surface,  and  the  leaves 
that  accumulate  under  the  plants  afford  both  protec- 
tion from  frosts  and  from  drought.  If  the  leaves  be 
covered  at  this  time  of  year  with  a  couple  of  inches 
of  soil  to  prevent  them  blowing  about  ihe  plants 
annually  r'.ceive  a  suitable  top-dressing  which  is 
ample  to  sustain  them  in  vigour.  All  lawns,  verges, 
and  walks  should  be  thoroughly  swept  and  rolled, 
Where  moss  exists  on  lawns  and  where  lime  is  cheap 
the  best  possible  eradicator  is  available.  Slack  the 
lime  until  it  becomes  a  fine  dry  powder,  and  then  give 
a  liberal  dressing.  The  next  best  plan  is  to  rake  over 
the  lawns  with  an  iron-toothed  rake  ;  this  is  best 
done  twice,  allowing  an  interval  of  ten  to  fourteen 
days  to  elapse  before  the  second  raking.  A  good 
top-dressing  of  sifted  soil  should  then  be  applied, 
and  some  fine  lawn  grasses  be  sown  in  spring.  This 
may  be  undertaken  at  once,  but  of  course  the  lawn 
will  look  little  better  than  a  newly  harrowed  field 
and  where  this  is  objected  to,  by  all  means  defer  the 
work  until  spring. 

Where  inequalities  exist,  they  should  be  seen  to ; 
remove  the  tuif,  at  the  same  time  also  as  much  of  the 
good  soil  as  is  deemed  necessary,  so  that  the  growth 
of  the  grass  afterwards  may  be  equal.  Then  remove 
the  subsoil  from  the  high  places  to  the  requisite 
depth  and  cover  what  is  required  to  make  the 
deficiency  at  the  low  place  ;  replace  the  good  soil 
and  relay  the  turf.  The  formation  of  new  grounds 
may  now  be  undertaken  as  wtU  as  alterations  of 
existing  ones.  Continue  the  removal  of  all  kinds 
of  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  when  the  weather  is 
favourable.  Where  it  is  necessary  to  provide  shelter 
in  exposed  situations,  a  hedge  is  preferable  to  a  wall ; 
a  gale  of  wind  will  sweep  over  a  wall  in  unbroken 
force,  or  eddies  will  be  created  ;  with  a  hedge  there 
are  no  eddies,  the  wind  is  completely  broken  up — 
the  hedge,  serving  as  a  filter,  completely  destroys  its 
force.  It  may  be  objected  to  on  account  of  its 
formality  ;  it  need  not  be  stifT  or  formal — a  series  of 
wavy  lines  may  be  introduced  here  and  there,  or  beds 
of  Dahlias  or  Hollyhocks  :  the  most  serious  objection 
is  that  whatever  you  plant  near  it  always  extracts  its 
share  of  nutriment.  Old  tree  stumps  and  decaying 
trees  may  be  made  objects  of  interest  as  well  as 
beauty  by  planting  various  kinds  of  Ivies  and 
Ampelopsis  to  cover  them.  This  serves  to  give  an 
air  of  antiquity  to  a  place.  Ampelopsis  tricuspidata 
Veitchii  is  by  far  Ihe  best  subject  for  this  sort  of 
work  ;  Honeysuckles  are  also  most  useful.  W,  M. 
Bai/iie,  Luton  I/oo  Gardens. 


Preservation  of  Grapes.  —  M.  Paul  Sagot 
describes  the  plan  adopted  by  M.  Salomon  for 
preserving  the  Chassclas  Grapes  from  one  year  to 
another.  The  bunches  are  cut  in  the  ordinary  way 
with  a  portion  of  the  stem,  which  is  inserted  in  a  bottle 
of  water,  and  the  bottles  are  then  placed  in  a  refriger- 
ating chamber  wherein  the  temperature  is  kept  low  by 
the  evaporation  of  methyl  chloride  ;  the  light  is  also 
excluded. 


November  20,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


655 


7hE    ^pRCHlD     j40UgE3. 

P  L  E  I  O  N  E  S. 
Soon  after  the  flowers  have  faded  this  Oichid 
should  receive  attention  as  may  be  requited  either  by 
repotting  or  top-dressing.  If  the  roots  Irom  the  new 
growth  advance  much  before  this  be  done,  they  are 
easily  damaged.  I  make  it  a  rule  to  shalie  the  plants 
out  once  in  two  years,  and  at  other  times  clear  the 
surface  only,  and  shake  some  decayed  haves  over  and 
top-dress.  For  potting,  equal  parts  of  fibrous  peat 
and  green  sphagnum,  to  which  a  few  lumps  of  loam 
and  some  half-rotten  Oak  leaves  that  have  been 
broken  rather  fine  or  rubbed  through  a  half-inch  sieve 
has  been  added,  suits  them  very  well.  They  should  b2 
suspended  or  placed  near  the  glass  at  the  warmest  end 
of  an  intermediate-house.  For  some  weeks  the  plants 
will  require  very  little  water,  only  just  enough  to 
keep  the  surface  moist,  but  after  they  have  made 
plenty  of  roots  and  foliage,  water  can  be  given  freely. 
See  that  the  old  bulbs  are  clear  o(  scale,  for  these  in- 
sects will  soon  attack  the  new  growths. 
The  PHAL/iiNorsis-HOUSE. 
During  the  last  few  weeks  this  house  has  been 
looking  gay  with  Dendrobium  bigibbum,  D.  super- 
biens,  D.  s.  Goldiei,  D.  Phalcenopsis,  and  D.  for- 
mosum  giganteum  ;  the  large  white  flowers  of  the  latter 
making  an  agreeable  contrast  with  the  other  bright 
colours.  As  the  plants  finish  up  their  pseudobulbs  they 
should  be  placed  in  a  cooler  and  drier  house  until 
spring.  If  D.  formosum  shows  no  sign  of  shrivelling 
they  will  not  receive  any  water  during  the  winter. 

Odontoglossums. 

Odontoglossum  grande,  O.  Insleayi  and  its  varie- 
ties, should  be  kept  almost  dry  as  soon  as  the  pseudo- 
bulbs  have  finished  up ;  a  house  a  few  degrees 
warmer  than  that  for  cool  Odontoglossums  will  suit 
them  best. 

In  badly  constructed  houses  in  the  warm  division, 
drip  will  be  very  troublesome  through  the  cold  season, 
and  although  this  might  not  prove  injurious  to  Cypti- 
pediums,  there  are  many  species  of  Orchids,  such  as 
Aeridcs,  Saccolabiums,  Vandas,  &c.,  which  retain  the 
water,  often  causing  the  centres  to  rot,  that  greatly 
disfigures  the  plants  through  having  to  make  a  new 
break  at  the  side.  Constant  dripping  on  the  potting 
material  of  any  Orchids  during  winter,  might  at  first 
improve  the  appearance  of  the  plants,  but  in  the  end 
the  roots  generally  die.  The  growing  sphagnum  is 
often  a  good  guide,  so  that  those  whose  duty  it  is  to 
water  the  plants  should  take  particular  notice,  for  if 
any  of  the  moss  should  appear  extra  fresh  and  green, 
and  the  plants  never  require  any  water,  they  may  con- 
clude that  drip  is  helping  the  sphagnum  but  not  the 
plant.  Where  bars  and  rafters  are  not  properly 
grooved,  a  simple  way  to  prevent  drip  is  to  have  some 
strips  of  zinc  a  little  wider  than  the  bars  and  rafters, 
with  the  edges  slightly  turned,  and  screw  these  tight 
to  the  underside.  C.  IVoolford,  Downside,  Leatherhead. 


occasionally,  and  plenty  of  pot-room  be  given,  the 
trusses  of  bloom  as  well  as  the  foliage  will  be 
much  increased  in  size.  The  best  soil  for  these  is  a 
fibrous  loam,  with  one-fifth  of  coarse  leal-mould,  one- 
third  of  rotten  manure,  adding  enough  coarse  river 
sand  to  render  the  compost  pcvou?. 

Pkuiulas. 
The  first  potted  plants  will  now  be  showing  bloom  ; 
in  all  sowings  there  are  some  which  are  much 
superior  to  others,  and  these  if  selected  as  seed 
bearers  should  have  the  blooms  pinched  out,  as  it  is 
much  too  soon  for  them  to  form  seed  freely.  Apply 
manure-water  at  every  alternate  watering. 

Cyclamens 
should  be  introduced  into  heat  from  the  reserve  pits  ; 
seeds  which  ripened  io  July,  and  were  sown  at  once, 
will  now  have  made  nice  young  plants,  requiring  to  be 
potted  off  into  small  pots  and  placed  in  a  gentle  heat. 
In  this  way  they  are  kept  growing  freely  from  the  time 
the  seeds  germinated  until  that  of  flowering,  and  good 
plants  should  be  obtained  in  sixteen  months,  from 
start  to  finish. 

Cinerarias, 
Plants   which   were  raised    late    should    now    be 
shifted  into  their  blooming  pots,  for  if  these  are  left 
to  get  pot-bound,  they  will  not  move  freely  after- 
wards. 

Violets. 

Roots  of  these  which  were  taken  up  early  last 
month  are  now  blooming  freely,  and  care  should  be 
taken  to  dispel  damp  by  ventilating  freely  ;  and  if  too 
many  runners  appear,  they  should  be  reduced  in 
number,  and  the  plants  soould  be  well  looked  over  for 
decaying  leaves.  Those  plants  which  were  potted  up 
must  be  kept  near  the  light  and  air. 

Where  sweet-scented  flowers  are  in  request,  a 
regular  supply  can  be  kept  up  from  the  following  :  — 
Heliotrope,  Mignonette,  Aloysia  citriodora.  Myrtle, 
and  many  species  of  Cape  Pelargoniums,  as  the  Rose, 
Peppermint,  and  Nutmeg  scented. 

Carnations 
in  pits  should  have  occasional  applications  of  manure- 
water  ;  air  should  be  admitted  freely  on  favourable 
days,  and  as  plants  are  taken  out  for  furnishing  pur- 
poses ;  refill  from  the  frames  or  the  reserve.  Old 
plants  which  are  not  of  symmetrical  shapes  will  be 
found  useful  as  affording  a  quantity  of  bloom  very 
suitable  for  buttonhole  flowers  and  the  like  uses.  A. 
Evans,  Naskmere. 


should  be  cut  back  to  one  bud  from  its  base.  The 
washing  of  the  Vmes,  cleansing  of  the  house,  top- 
dressing  of  borders,  &c.,  should  then  be ^  proceeded 
with  in  the  way  advised  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle 
for  October  2,  p.  431,  and  an  abundance  of  air  should 
be  aferwards  admitted  to  the  house  until  the  time 
(New  Year)  for  starting  the  Vines  arrives.  H.  W. 
Ward,  Longford  Castle. 


■pF^UlT3     -yNDEFi     'Ql.AS?. 


pJLAJSTp  AND  THEIR  jD UETUI^E. 

PELARGONIUMS. 
Those  plants  intended  to  bloom  early  should  now 
be  put  into  their  blooming  pots,  using  turfy  loam 
well  enriched  with  manure,  and  avoid  over-potting— 
8  or  9  inch  pots  will  be  large  enough  tor  growing 
good  specimens.  In  potting  the  soil  should  be 
rammed  harder  than  most  plants  need  it— they  should 
get  no  water  for  two  or  even  three  weeks,  so  as  to 
allow  the  roots  to  penetrate  somewhat  the  new  soil. 
Be  particular  in  having  the  balls  moderately  moist 
before  potting  All  plants  required  for  specimens 
should  now  have  the  shoots  tied  out  horizontally,  this 
will  give  the  proper  foundation  for  a  bushy  form,  but  if 
for  ordinary  decoration  purposes  alone,  no  more  sticks 
should  be  used  than  will  preserve  the  plant  in  form. 
The  fancy  and  decorative  varieties  do  best  in  a 
temperature  a  little  warmer. 

HERBACEO0S  Calceolarias. 
The  earliest  of  these  may  now  be  put  into  their 
blooming  pots;  if  the  plants  are  bushy  and  strong 
they  may  be  put  in,  from  9  to  ii-inch,  and  in  these, 
large  size  specimens  can  be  grown.  If  Calceolarias 
ate  grown    in    rich  soil,   and   given    manure-water 


Wdt\i 


mi^m. 


GENERAL  WORK. 
Ddrinc  the  present  month  all  remains  of  summer 
crops  that  are  done  with,  such  as  Peas,  Beans,  &c., 
should  be  cleared  off',  and  either  burnt  on  the  ground, 
or  otherwise  disposed  of,  and  the  garden  made  as  tidy 
In  appearance  as  the  season  of  the  year  and  circum- 
stances will  permit  ;  Pea-stakes  that  were  new  this 
season,  will  be  available  for  staking  the  earliest  spring 
sowings,  and  should  therefore  be  looked  over, 
assorted,  tied  up  in  convenient  bundles,  and  placed  in 
readiness.  During  inclement  weather  such  requisites 
as  stakes,  labels,  &c.,  likely  to  be  required  next 
season,  should  be  got  in  readiness,  prepared, 
sharpened,  and  the  bottom  ends  dipped  m  creosote, 
to  render  them  more  durable  and  lasting.  Seed 
Potatos  should  be  looked  over,  and  all  worthless  and 
decayed  ones  removed  ;  any  showing  undue  excite- 
ment, must  be  more  thinly  spread  and  receive  more 
air  ;  early  varieties,  especially  those  intended  lor 
planting  in  frames  and  early  borders,  are  best  on  end 
in  shallow  boxes,  and  stood  in  a  dry  airy  situation 
secure  from  frost. 

Onions.  —  These  also  will  require  overhauling 
and  cleaning,  removing  all  surplus  scales  and 
withered  tops,  samples  of  the  Brown  Globe  section, 
intended  for  very  late  use,  are  t>est  tied  up  in  traces  or 
bunches,  and  suspended  in  a  dry  airy  shed.  All 
stored  roots  should  be  occasionally  looked  over  to 
ascertain  if  they  are  keeping  in  a  satisfactory  slate, 
removing  any  that  have  become  decayed  and  worth- 
less. .         ,      ,,    , 

0/rf-o/ito".— Trenching  and  digging  should  be 
done,  whenever  the  state  of  the  ground  will  permit. 
In  light  well  drained  soils  this  work  can  be  proceeded 
with  at  almost  any  lime,  but  in  the  case  ol  stilT 
heavy  soils,  it  is  much  belter  and  necessary  to  await 
favourable  opportunities,  an  i  until  the  soil  has 
become  freed  of  the  surface  water,  and  in  a  fit  state. 
The  surface  of  all  newly  turned-up  ground  is  best 
left  as  open  and  rough  as  possible,  and  any  plots 
known  to  be  infested  with  wireworm,  or  other  insect 
pests,  should  receive  a  good  top-dressing  of  gas-lime, 
soot  or  salt,  the  latter  being  best  adapted  for  light 
soils,  and  the  former  for  heavy  ones;  these  top- 
dressings  should  be  allowed  to  wash  in  by  the  winter 
rains,  thereby  answering  the  double  purpose  of  de- 
stroying and  clearing  the  ground  of  insect?,  and  also 
acting  as  a  fertiliser  for  the  next  crop. 


VINES  IM  THE  EARLY  HOUSE. 
The  Vines  in  this  house,  if  not  already  attended  to 
as  recommended  at  p.  43'.  should  be  seen  to  at  once— 
that  is,  if  ripe  Grapes  are  expected  by  the  end  of  April 
or  early  in  May  next.  In  most  cases  the  Muscat 
Vines  will  have  shed  their  leaves,  so  that  the  sooner 
the  bunches  of  this  excellent  Grape  are  cut  with  a 
good  length  of  wood  attached  for  inserting  in  bottles 
nearly  filled  with  water,  and  having  a  few  small 
pieces  of  charcoal  in  each  to  keep  the  water  sweet, 
the  better  it  will  be  for  the  Vines  and  the  Grapes  loo, 
providing  there  is  a  suitable  room  in  which  to  place 
the  bottles  on  shelves  at  an  angle  of  about  20°,  and  in 
which  a  dry  atmospheric  temperature  of  from  45°  to 
50°  can  be  maintained  throughout  the  winter  and 
spring  months.  The  bunches  should  be  looked  over 
frequently,  removing  any  decayed  berries.  When  the 
piece  ol  shoot  attached  to  the  individual  bunches  of 
Grapes  has  been  inserted  in  the  bottles,  the  space 
left  in  the  neck  should  lie  packed  with  cotton  wool  to 
prevent  evaporation  taking  place. 

Late  varieties,  such  as  Lady  Downe's,  Mrs.  Pince, 
&c.,  which  are  still  hanging  on  the  Vines-\yhere,  for 
the  sake  ol  the  Grapes,  it  will  be  advisable  in 
properly  constructed  and  managed  houses  to  allow 
them  to  remain  a  few  weeks  longer-should  also 
receive  attention  in  the  way  of  removing  loithwilh 
any  bad  beriies  that  may  appear  in  the  bunches. 
Maintain  a  dry  airy  atmosphere  in  the  houses  in  the 
meantime,  and  a  minimum  temperature  of  from  45 
to  50°  therein  should  be  aimed  at.  Alter  the  Grapes 
have  been  cut  in  the  Muscat  house  prune  the  \  ines 
back  to  a  good  plump  bud,  removing  at  the  same  time 
any  unsightly  spurs  that  may  be  on  the  Vines,  where- 
ever  young  shoots  of  this  year's  growth  from  the  rnain 
stem  ate  procurable  to  take  theit  place,   and  these 


The  Frame  Ground. 
Hotbeds  for  eaily  Carrots,  Radishes,  &c.,  will 
soon  be  required,  material  for  the  purpose  should 
therefore  be  got  together  as  advised  in  a  previous 
Calendar.  The  mam  object  being  to  secure  a  steady 
continuous  heat  rather  than  a  quick  violent  one, 
some  labour  and  preparation  beforehand,  and  also  in 
the  construction,  will  be  necessary  to  ensure  these 
very  essential  conditions.  Leaves  and  dung  litter  in 
equal  proportions  make  the  best  and  most  desirable 
mixture  (or  the  purpose.  Presuming  that  these  have 
been  thrown  together  for  a  time,  and  prepared  by 
being  thoroughly  mixed  and  turned  on  several  occa- 
sions the  bed  can  be  made  up,  having  first  marked 
out  the  required  space,  which  should  extend  2  feet  on 
either  side  ol  the  frame,  the  base  should  be  formed 
with  I  foot  of  dung  litter,  and  the  bed  built  up  and 
completed  to  the  height  of  Irom  4  to  5  feet  with  the 
prepared  material,  raising  it  regularly  by  layers,  and 
levelling  and  firming  the  surlace  as  the  woik  proceeds 
by  the  use  of  the  fork  only.  When  the  bed  is  suffi- 
ciently high,  lengths  of  stout  stakes  or  poles  should 
be  laid  crossways  on  the  surface  4  feet  apart,  and 
extending  far  enough  underneath  to  rest  the  frame  on. 
The  lights  and  frame  having  been  placed  in  position, 
a  lew  days  should  be  allowed  for  settling,  when,  if 
necessary,  a  little  more  material  can  be  added,  the 
soil  put  in,  and  left  in  readiness  for  planting  or  sowing. 

Herbs. 
Any  of  these  required  for  use  in  a  green  slate  should 
be  placed  in  a  gentle  heat,  and  if  not  prepared  before- 
hand by  being  grown  through  the  summer  in  pots  or 
boxes,  must  be  lifted  from  the  herb  garden  now,  and 
prepared  accordingly  ;  these  will  comprise  such  useful 
kinds  as  Spearmint,  Tarragon,  Soriel,  Chervil.^  and 
Parsley;  a  lew  seeds  also  may  be  sown  ol  Sweet 
Basil,  Borage,  and  Knotted  Marjoram.  J'^hn  Austen, 
Witley  Court  Gardens. 


^-5^ 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


NOVEMIiF.R    20      I.SS6 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Week. 


SHOWS,     &c. 


MONDAY, 

Nov.    22. 


TUESDAY, 
Nov.  23. 


WEDNESDAY, 
Nov.  24. 


THURSDAY, 
Nov.  25. 


TUESDAY, 
Nov.  23. 


WEDNESDAY, 
Nov.  24. 


THURSDAY, 
Nov.  25. 


FRIDAY, 
Nov.  26. 


SATURDAY, 
Nov.  27. 


Leeds  Chrysanthemum  {two  days). 
[  BoroughofHanley  Chrysanthemum 

Oxford  do. 
!   Royal  Botanical  and  Horticultural 

of  Manchester  do.  (two  days). 
1   Liverpool  Horticultural  Association 
[^      do.  (two  days). 
\  Birmingham  and  Midland  Counties 
Chrysanthemum   and   Fruit    do. 
(two  days). 
National   Chrysanthemum    Society 
|_      Meeting. 
Colchester  and  East  Essex  Chry- 
santhemum. 

SALES. 

Sale  of  Dutch    Bulbs  and   Dwarf 

Roses,  from  France,  at  Stevens' 

Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and  5000  Lilium 

auratum    Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 

Morris'  Rooms. 
Clearance  Sale  of  Plant",   &c.,   at 

the    Ealing    Dean    Nursery,    by 

Protheroe  &  Morris. 
Sale  of  Dutch    Bulbs,   at  the   City 

Auction  Rooms,  by  Protheroe  & 

Morris. 
Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale    of   Shrubs,      Roses,      Border 

Plants,    and    Dutch    Bulbs,     at 

Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of    Plants,    at    Protheroe    & 

Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale    of    Established   Orchids   and 

lO.OQO  Bulbs  of  Lilium  auratum, 

at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 

&  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,   at  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale    of    Shrubs,    Roses,     Border 

Plants,    and    Dutch     Bulbs,    at 

Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 

&  Morris'  Rooms. 


For  the  last  two  or  three  years, 

Cross-bred  1. 

Potatos  ^^  ^*  asMi.  on  various  occasions 

had  to  note,  Messrs.  Sutton 
have  been  engaged  in  extensive  experiments  in 
crossing  Potatos.  Apart  from  matters  of  scien- 
tific interest,  Messrs.  Sutton  have  aimed  at 
the  production  of  new  varieties  of  Potato  which 
should,  by  their  internal  structure  and  con- 
formation, and  by  their  robust  constitution,  be 
in  a  position  to  resist  the  attacks  of  the  disease 
better  than  ordinary  varieties  do.  For  this 
purpose  they  instituted  a  series  of  experiments 
in  cross-fertilising  what  was  supposed  to  be 
Solanum  Maglia  with  the  pollen  of  approved 
kinds,  such  as  one  of  Mr.  Fenn's  seedlings, 
now  known  under  the  name  of  Sir  Charles 
Douglas.  The  results  of  these  experiments  up 
to  this  time  last  year  were  duly  recorded  in  our 
pages.  The  seedling  varieties  thus  obtained 
were  again  grown  this  year,  with  results  that  we 
shall  presently  mention.  In  the  meantime  it 
has  been  discovered  that  the  "Maglia"  they  sup- 
posed themselves  to  have  been  operating  on  is  not 
really  that  species,  but  a  form  of  the  ordinary 
Solanum  tuberosum  grown  at  Kew  for  many 
years,  without  any  special  cultivation.  The  mis- 
take is  in  one  sense  unfortunate,  for  as  the  Maglia 
or  Darwin  Potato  is  considered  to  be  a  distinct 
species,  inhabiting  the  relatively  cold  and  wet 
maritime  climate  of  Southern  Chili,  it  was 
hoped  that,  by  breeding  from  it,  seedlings  might 
be  obtained  more  likely  to  thrive  in  our  own 
relatively  cold,  moist  climate,  than  others  the 
descendants  as  is  supposed  of  a  form  or  forms 
growing  naturally  along  the  Andes  at  greater 
elevations  and  in  a  drier  climate. 

A  cross  between  two  reputedly  distinct  species 
would  of  course  result  in  a  true  hybrid,  while 
fertilisation  between  two  varieties  or  forms  of 
one  and  the  same  species,  would  simply  result 
in  a  cross.  The  difference  is  thus  one  of  degree 
only,  and  not  of  kind.  Messrs.  Sutton  have 
been  engaged  in  cross-breeding  and  not  in 
hybridisation  proper.     From  a  practical  point 


of  view,  solely,  Messrs.  Sutton  are  likely  to 
obtain  better,  or  at  any  rate  more  immediate 
results  than  if  they  had  been  operating  with  a 
real  hybrid.  From  a  scientific  point  of  view,  of 
course,  the  results  are  less  interresting  than 
they  gave  promise  to  be,  but  there  is  nothing 
to  prevent  Messrs.  Sutton  from  beginning  de 
novo  with  the  true  Maglia,  which  is  cultivated 
at  Kew,  and  this  we  earnestly  hope  they  will 
do,  for  although  the  attainment  of  any  practi- 
cally useful  result  will  be  probably  slower,  yet  we 
can  hardly  doubt  that  in  the  long  run  it  would  be 
tnore  important,  even  from  a  purely  practical 
point  of  view.  For  the  results  of  the  experi- 
ments made  in  18S5  we  must  refer  to  our 
article  on  October  24,  1SS5  (p.  5 28),  wherein  the 
immense  amount  of  variation  in  the  seedling 
tubers  in  productiveness,  size,  colour,  nature  of 
haulm,  and  other  points,  is  clearly  brought  out. 

We  have  now  to  deal  with  the  results  of  this 
year's  experiments.  Messrs.  Sutton  planted 
the  seedling  tubers  this  year  in  the  same  way, 
and  under  the  same  conditions,  as  before,  so 
that  the  only  practical  difference  in  ^the 
surroundings  was  that  attributable  to  variation 
in  the  character  of  the  season  in  the  two  years 
respectively. 

Messrs.  Sutton  have  favoured  us  with  a 
table  giving  the  amount  of  produce  in  1SS5 
derived  from  each  grain  of  seed,  and  side  by 
side  the  amount  of  the  produce  derived  from 
planting  the  crop  of  1885  during  the  present 
season.  Thus,  taking  No.  8  as  an  example,  one 
grain  of  seed  produced  tubers  in  1SS5  of  the 
weight  of  1 1  oz.  These  tubers  have  this  year 
yielded  56  lb.  2  oz. 

Results  ,>/  Cross,'s  in  1884  and  x%i%.— Parentage :  SeminnLl 
Potato,  S  cd  Parent  X  Fenn's  Sir  Charles  Douglas,  Pollen 


Wild  Parent  {Seed)   X    fictoria  {Pollen). 


No. 

Produce,  1883. 

Produce,  iS8i. 

\ 

19  gr.-iins 

i 

II      " 

5 

i'At.z. 

5+  lb. 

'A  „ 

10   lb.        5   02. 

24    „       8     „ 

56    „       2     ,. 

« 

•oH  '., 

2=    ,.       6     ,. 

10 

7ii,. 

2    ..       4     ,. 

Ji 

^U  •;, 

^6 ;;  W  :: 

U 

2.  lb.    I      0;. 

43     ..       Q     ., 

^4 

I    .,     7^    .. 

I    „   loSi    „ 

47     „        4     ,. 

17 

■    „     55^    ., 

"2     „        6     „ 

.■<02. 

JO 

2  lb.  12M  oz. 

83    .,      6    ,. 

21 

4M    „ 

22 

I  lb.  9M  02. 

■^n 

=4 

i                 K    „ 

=7 

i            I,b'^^02. 

°6 ::  I ;: 

28 

3H02. 

23  „  14  ., 

Last  year  we  were  enabled  to  give  also  details 
as  to  height  of  haulm,  roughness  of  skin,  colour 
of  tubers,  &c.,  which  we  should  have  liked  to 
have  given  this  year  also.  No  doubt  Messrs. 
Sutton's  records  will  supply  the  required  data. 
The  extraordinary  difference  in  the  results  may 
be  illustrated  by  example  No.  5,  which  last 
year  yielded  3^  oz.,  while  this  year  the  same 
variety  yielded  no  less  than  54  lb.,  and  No.  17, 
which  last  year  yielded  i  lb.  5i  oz.,  this  year 
stands  credited  with  122  lb.  6  oz. 

A  second  series  of  experiments  were  made  by 
Messrs.  SUTTON  in  1S85,  by  crossing  the  Kew 
tuberosum  with  the  pollen  of  Reading  Russett 
and  by  crossing  tuberosum  with  the  pollen  of 
Victoria.  The  results  as  regards  weight  are 
far  more  promising  than  was  the  case  where 
the  male  parent  was  one  of  Mr.  Fenn'.s  seed- 
lings. A  similar  cross  between  tuberosum  and 
Walker's  Regent  failed  to  give  any  result. 

Parentage  :  Semi  wild  Potato,  Seed  Parent  X  Reading  Rnsset, 
Pollen  Parent. 


Lb. 


0% 


..One  small  tuber 
..         ..      o      oH 
..13 
..     o       6'A 

'■'.        '■'.    o     M 

..  ..       O         !«■ 


An  interesting  experiment  was  conducted 
with  cuttings— interesting  in  itself  and  iin- 
portant,  because  it  proved  that  what  Lord 
Ca'ihcart  and  Messrs.  Sutton  had  grown 
for  Maglia  was  in  reality  tuberosum. 

Mr.  Sutton  took  twelve  cuttings  from  Lord 
Cathcart's  Maglia  (the  form  of  tuberosum 
grown  at  Kew  without  special  cultivation),  and 
twelve  from  the  true  S.  Maglia.  The  cuttings 
rooted,  and  after  seven  or  eight  weeks  Lord 
Cathcart's  plants  died  down,  having  produced 
srnall  tubers,  while  the  true  Maglia  cuttings  are 
still  growing,  and  showing  their  characteristic 
foliage,  and  have  produced  their  elongated 
flower-stalks. 

In  spite  of  the  unfortunate  error  above  re- 
ferred to,  and  for  which  neither  Lord  Cath- 
CART  nor  Messrs.  SUTTON  are  responsible,  the 
interest  of  these  experiments  is  very  great.  We 
trust  Messrs.  SUTTON  will  not  only  continue 
them,  but  continue  to  record  as  fully  as  possible 
all  the  details  of  their  experiments.  To  arrive 
at  any  itnmediately  practical  result  may  demand 
a  long  period,  but  systematic  experiment  on  a 
carefully  thought-out  plan,  and  with  a  definite 
aim  in  view,  cannot  fail  to  be  productive  of  good 
results.  It  is  where  the  unsystematic,  happy- 
go-lucky  experiments  in  which  everything  is 
left  to  chance,  that  useful  results  are  slow  in 
coming. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  great  productiveness 
of  some  varieties,  the  following  fact  may  be 
cited.  From  one  seed  (not  tuber)  of  Magnum 
Bonum,  sown  on  March  12  of  the  present  year, 
a  plant  was  raised  which  produced  thirty-two 
tubers,  of  the  aggregate  weight  of  6  lb.  9I  oz  , 
the  two  largest  weighing  14!  oz.  and  15I  oz. 
respectively.  Talk  of  causing  two  blades  of 
grass  to  grow  where  there  was  only  one  pre- 
viously !  We  were  not  wrong  when,  last  year, 
we  spoke  of  Messrs.  Sutton  as  the  Magicians 
of  Reading. 


Pandanus  variegatus. — We  are  accus- 
tomed to  see  this  plant  making  part  of  a  group  of 
stove  foliage  plants  at  our  exhibitions,  where  its 
foliage,  with  bands  of  green  and  white,  are  very 
effective,  but  few  of  us  have  been  privileged  to  see  a 
plant  of  the  size  of  that  hguied  at  p.  657  (fig.  130). 
This  was  planted  at  Kingston,  Jamaica,  in  1876,  by 
our  correspondent,  Mr.  Hart,  and  has  now  attained 
a  height  of  over  30  feet.  The  huge  branches,  each 
tipped  with  its  spiral  tuft  of  leaves,  and  the  thicket  of 
aerial  roots  sent  down  from  the  stem  as  buttresses 
to  support  the  weight  of  the  crown,  are  very  striking. 

M.  Bernard.— We  learn  that  our  Belgian 

friends  are  in  consternation  at  the  death  of  M.  C. 
Bernard,  Director  of  Agriculture,  an  office  cor- 
responding, we  presume,  to  out  permanent  Secretary 
for  Trade. 

Flowers  in  Season. —  Although   ihis  is  a 

dull  time  of  year,  there  is  a  varied  selection  of  flowers 
from  which  one  may  choose  flowers  accoiding  to. 
taste.  Chrysanthemums,  of  course,  take  a  prominent 
place,  and  are  followed  closely  by  Heaths,  berried 
Solanums,  Marguerites,  Pelargoniums,  Chinese  Pri- 
mulas, Cyclamens,  and  Bouvardias.  Flowers  from 
the  various  bulbs  are  beginning  to  show  themselves, 
the  Paper-white  Narciss,  Roman  Hyacinth,  and  small 
Tulips  being  plentiful  in  the  shops  round  about  us. 
Of  choice  flowers  may  be  named  Eucharis,  Azalea, 
Lapageria,  Gardenia,  and  several  Orchids.  A  welcome 
arrival  is  white  Lilac  (from  abroad,  probably),  which 
of  course  is  forced.  All  the  foregoing,  with  Camellias, 
Niphetos  Roses,  Allamandas,  Cliveas,  and  Violets 
(the  Czar  and  the  Parma  form),  constitute  the  chief 
flowers  at  present  procurable.  We  notice,  too, 
flowers  which  we  hardly  expected  to  see  at  this 
season,  such  as  the  blue  Cornflower  and  the  Sweet 
Sultan. 

Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion.—We  are  informed  by  Mr.  E.  R.  Cutler,  the 
Secretary  of  this  institution,  that  Baron  Ferdinand 
De  Rothschild,  of  Waddesdon  Manor,  M.P.  for 


November  20,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


^Sl 


the  Aylesbury  division  of  Buckinghamshire,  has  kindly 
consented  to  preside  at  the  44lh  Anniversary  Festival 
of  this  Institution  at  the  "Albion,"  Aldersgate  Street, 
on  Friday,  July  I,  1887. 

Failure  of  the  Winter  Spinach  Crop. 

— Winter  Spinach  is  now  very  scarce,  owing  to  the 
failure  of  the  crop  to  a  large  extent,  the  leaves  turning 
yellow  and  becoming  worthless.  One  experienced 
grower  attributes  the  failure  to  a  great  extent  to  grow- 


Tobacco. — The  crop  of  Tobacco  grown  by 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  is  said  to  weigh  three-quarters 
of  a  ton,  and  to  be  of  the  value  oi£^z. 

Eucalyptus. — Mr.  W.   E.    Dixon    lately 

read  a  paper  before  the  Scottish  Horticultural  Asso- 
ciation on  the  Eucalyptus,  in  which  he  sketched 
briefly  the  characters  and  the  botanical  history  of  the 
genus,  alluded  to  the  species  of  greatest  importance 
for  timber,  medicinal  products,  paper-making,  &c.. 


exhibition  on  April  30,  1S87,  and  that  the  whole  of 
the  proceeds,  after  paying  expenses,  shall  be  devoted 
to  the  funds  of  the  Leek  Cottage  Hospital. 

Carter's  Provident  Sick  Fund.  —  The 

first  annual  meeting  of  subscribers  was  held  on 
Monday,  the  8th  inst.,  at  Messrs.  James  Carter  & 
Co. 's,  High  Holborn,  and  was  attended  by  about 
200  members.  The  chair  was  occupied  by  the 
manager,  Mr.   C.    H.    Sharman.     The   report  and 


» 


.6.V^  Jh  th ' '  « 


Fig.  ijo.— pandanus  variegaius  in  Jamaica,     (btt  p.  050.J 


ing  the  crop  in  freshly  manured  ground.  That  winter 
Spinach  needs  rich  soil  to  bring  it  to  perfection  there 
can  be  no  doubt,  but  it  is  best  to  sow  it  on  land  that 
had  been  previously  manured  for  a  light  crop  of 
some  kind. 

The  Surveyors'  Institution. — The  next 

meeting  will  be  held  on  Monday,  November  22, 
when  a  paper  will  be  read  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Willis 
Bund  (Associate),  entitled  "The  Extraordinary 
Tithe  and  its  Redemption."  The  chair  to  be  taken 
at  8  o'clock. 


and  mentioned  the  species  that  are  cultivated  in  this 
country. 

Royal  Microscopical  Society. — The  next 

conversazione  of  the  Society  will  be  held  at  King's 
College,  Strand,  on  Wednesday,  the  24th  inst.,  at 
8  p.m. 

Leek   Auricula   Society.— The    general 

annual  meeting  of  the  above  Society  was  held  on 
November  16  at  Leek,  when,  after  transacting  the 
usual  business,  it  was  decided  to  bold   the  second 


balance-sheet  for  the  past  year  was  read,  adopted, 
and  resolutions  for  amending  existing  rules  were 
passed.  During  the  twelve  months  of  the  Society's 
existence  268  members  were  enrolled,  all  of  whom 
were  employed  in  various  departments  of  the  business. 
By  payment  of  a  small  weekly  subscription  benefits  in 
case  of  sickness,  varying  from  6s.  to  l8j.  per  week,  are 
secured,  and  it  was  considered  highly  satisfactory  that 
after  paying  fifty-one  claims  for  sickness  and  one  for 
death  the  Society  entered  upon  its  second  year  with  a 
very  substantial  balance  in  hand.  After  appropriating 
a  suitable  amount  as  a  working  reserve  fund  it  was 


658 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  18 


resolved  unanimously  to  make  a  donation  of  ;J5  to 
the  Hospital  Saturday  Fund,  and  to  distiibule  any 
surplus  amongst  the  subscribers.  The  cflicers  and 
members  of  the  committee  were  re-electCLl,  and  the 
proceedings  terminated  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to 
Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.  for  a  further  donation, 
which  they  had  spontaneously  C'ffered  upon  seeing  the 
satisfactory  result  of  the  first  year's  working  of  the 
Society. 

CRAT.IiGUS     PINNATIFIDA      VAK .     MAJOR. — 

We  sre  desired  by  Mr.  N.  E.  Brown,  to  whom  we  are 
indebted  for  the  description  of  this  plant,  to  publish 
the  following  correction  ;  — "  In  the  description  of  this 
plant  on  p.  621,  by  a  slip  of  the  mind,  I  stated  that 
both  the  typical  form  and  the  variety  are  natives  of 
North  America  ;  this  is  wrong,  it  should  read — both 
are  natives  of  North  China." 

Ghent    "  Chambre    Syndicate."— At  a 

meeting  held  on  the  8th  inst,  the  following  awards 
were  made  ;  — 

First-class  Cerlificaies.  —  To  Mr.  Hye-Leysen,  for 
Cypripedium  euryandrum  ;  to  Mr.  Arthur  De  Smet,  for 
Cypripedium  Argus  var.  nigro-maculatum  ;  and  to 
Messrs.  Vervaet  &.  Co.,  for  Phalasnopsis  Lowii. 

Cultuyjl  Certificates. — To  Mr.  Li^vin  Spae-Vander 
Meulen,  for  Cocos  Blumenavia  ;  to  Mr.  Jules  Hye.  for 
Cypripedium  Dominianum  and  C.  caudatum  splendens. 

Commendations  for  Novelty, — To  Mr.  Ad.  D'Haene, 
for  Oncidium  Forbesi  var.  (for  its  habit  and  also  for  its 
colour)  ;  to  Mr.  L.  Van  Houtte,  for  Tillandsia  species 
nova  ;  to  Mr.  L.  Spae-Vander  Meulen,  for  Cypripedium 
Spiceiianum  var. ;  to  Mr.  De  Smet-Duvivier,  for  Dracxna 
Bruanti. 

Commendations  for  Culture. — To  Madame  Van  Acker- 
Maenhout,  for  Pavetta  borbonica  ;  to  Mr.  L.  Spae- 
Vander  Meulen,  for  Pandanus  ornatus  ;  to  Mr.  Em.  De 
Cock,  for  Kentia  Fosteriana  ;  to  Messrs.  Vervaet  &  Co., 
for  Cypripedium  Sedeni  x ,  and  for  Dendrobium  thyrsi- 
florum  :  to  Mr.  B.  Spae,  for  Vriesia  hieroglyphica  ;  and 
to  Mr.  Jules  Hye,  for  Cypripedium  l^evigatum. 

Hot  Wells. — The  Indian  As^iculturist  fcr 

October  21  stales  that  a  remarkable  example  of  the 
increase  of  temperature  in  the  earth  toward  the  centre 
has  been  presented  at  Pesth,  where  the  deepest 
artesian  well  in  the  world  is  now  being  bored  for 
the  purpose  of  supplying  the  public  baths  and  other 
establishments  with  hot  water.  A  depth  of  95 1  metres 
— 3120  feet — has  already  been  reached,  and  it  fur- 
nishes Soo  cubic  metres — 176,000  gal. — daily  at  a 
temperature  of  70°  C,  or  158°  Fahr.  The  Munici- 
pality have  recently  voted  a  large  subvention  in  order 
that  the  boring  may  be  continued  to  a  greater  depth, 
not  only  to  obtain  a  larger  volume  of  water,  but  at  a 
temperature  of  So°  C.  — 176°  Fahr.  It  is  suggested 
that  it  is  thus  within  the  bounds  of  probability  that 
the  time  may  come  when  a  brewer  will  obtain  his 
water  supply  from  a  well  of  sufficient  depth  to  yield 
"liquor  at  the  mashing  temperature." 

Potato  Tercentenary,  1586— 1S86.— The 

executive  committee  of  this  exhibition,  to  be  held  at 
5,  St.  Stephen's  Hall,  Broad  Sanctuary,  Westminster, 
S.VV.,  December  i  to  4,  18S6,  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing gentlemen  :— General  Lord  Alfred  Paget,  John 
Bertram,  E=q..  C.C.  ;  T.  H.  Bolton,  Esq.  ;  Captain 
Molesworlh,  R.N.  j  A.  Bevan,  Esq.  ;  H.  Roberts, 
Esq.  ;  Hon.  Secretary,  Mr.  W.  E.  Wood. 

Mr.    Douglas   Dick.— A    presentation    to 

Mr.  J.  Douglas  Uici-:,  superintendent  of  entrances 
at  the  recent  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  was 
made  on  Thursday  last.  The  presentation  consisted 
of  a  handsome  drawing-room  clock,  and  wss  formally 
made,  on  behalf  of  the  members  of  jNIr.  Dick's  staff, 
by  Sir  Philip  Cunliffe  Owen.  Mr.  Dick's 
colleagues  desired  to  bear  testimony  in  this  way  to 
his  "  tciudness  and  courtesy  during  the  series  nf 
Exhibitions  held  at  South  Kensingtom  1883  to  1SS6." 

Mr.   C.   E.  Broome.— We  greatly  regret  to 

have  to  announce  the  death,  on  the  I5ih  inst.,  of 
Mr.  C.  E.  Broome,  a  very  old  correspondent  of  this 
journal,  and  the  associate  of  Mr.  Berkeley  in 
numerous  publications  relating  to  fungi,  Mr.  Broome 
was  in  his  seventy-fifth  year. 

Gardening   Appointments.  -Mr.  James 

Cocker,  for  thirteen  years  Gardener  to  George 
Ure,  Esq.,  Wheatlands,  Bonn> bridge,  as  Gardener 
to  Sir  William  Wallace,  Lochryan  House, 
Cairnryan,  Stranraer,  N.  B.,  Mr.  A.  Smith's  suc- 
cessor at  Wheatlands.— Mr.  Samuel  Taylor  has 
been  appointed  as  Head  Gardener  to  the  Bishop  of 
Gloucester  and  Bristol,  Palace  Gardens, 
Gloucester. 


]^0RE3TF(Y 


LIBOCliDRUS  DECURRhN.S. 
Tins  rapidly-fjrowing  gij^antic  tree,  better  known 
under  its  older  name,  Thuia  gigantea,  is  fast  cTming 
to  the  front  as  a  timber  tree  in  Britain  ;  and  well  it 
may,  for  its  rapid  clean  growth  in  this  country,  com- 
bined with  ihe  valuible  timber  produced  in  its  native 
wilds — good  examples  of  which  were  to  be  seen  a^  the 
Colonial  Exhibition — place  it  in  the  first  rank  for  com- 
mercial purpose?.  In  ihis  country  the  growlh  often 
exceeds  3  or  4  feet  in  the  year.  The  tree  is  readily 
raised  and  transplants  well  ;  it  is  by  no  means  fas- 
tidious about  soil,  and  I  cannot  remember,  even  in  a 
single  instance,  and  when  fully  exposed  to  our  fearful 
south-western  winds,  to  have  seen  a  leading  shoot 
broken  over  or  destroyed. 

Miscellaneous  Species. 
Amongst  other  valuable  trees  we  will  notice  very 
briefly  Abies  Nordmanniana,  a  fine,  robust-growing 
species,  and  one  that  is  easily  managed  in  this 
country  ;  A.  nobilis,  and  A.  (or  Picea)  Menziesii,  both 
valuable  trees  for  our  soils  and  clime  ;  and  Cupressus 
macrocarpa  or  Lambertiana,  that  produces  a  fine, 
hard,  clean-grained  timber,  and  which  is  invaluable 
for  exposed  seaside  situations.  Many  other  valuable 
trees  might  be  mentioned,  but  those  given  are,  per- 
haps, about  the  best  for  the  purpose  at  present  under 
consideration.  Hardwoods  will  receive  future  atten- 
tion. 

How  TO  Plant. 

This  is  another  operation,  connected  with  forest 
work,  that  has  the  usual  multitude  of  ways  of  being 
performed,  all  of  which  methods  are  perhaps  good 
enough  in  their  proper  place  ;  but  herein  lies  the 
difficulty,  viz.,  to  plant  young  trees  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  be  consistent  or  in  keeping  with  their  sur- 
roundings. 

Notch-planting  for  mountain  ground  is  just  as  much 
worthy  of  commendation  as  is  pit-planting  for  low- 
lying  land.  The  latter  is  an  expensive  method,  but 
this  first  expense  is  soon  repaid,  for  once  the  young 
plants  get  fully  established  their  growth  is  rapid, 
usually  more  so  than  such  as  have  been  notched,  even 
in  soils  of  equal  quality.  In  connection  with  no'ch- 
planting  the  expenses  are  low  indeed — a  man,  and  a 
boy  as  attendant  for  putting  in  the  plants,  get- 
ting over  a  considerable  surface  of  ground  in  a 
day,  and  where  the  soil  is  shallow  and  small- 
sized  plants  used  the  method  is  to  be  commended, 
as  these  can  be  placed  more  firmly  in  the  ground  than 
if  planted  in  pits  ;  and  another  advantage  is  that  the 
grass  affords  shelter  to  the  young  plants  until  they 
have  started  fairly  away.  From  i\  to  3  feet  is  the 
usual  distance  at  which  notch-planted  trees  are  usually 
placed,  and  the  operation  is  performed  as  follows  :  — 
With  an  ordinary  garden  spade  make  two  deep  cuts 
upon  the  turf  where  the  plant  is  intended  to  be  in- 
serted, and  crossing  at  right  angles  exactly  at  where 
the  plant  is  to  be  put  in  ;  press  down  the  handle  of 
the  spade  nearly  to  the  the  ground  and  towards  the 
planter,  which  will  cause  the  slits  to  open  and  into 
which  opening  the  plant  is  to  be  inserted  by  the  boy 
in  attendance  ;  the  spade  is  then  removed,  but  not 
before  the  roots  have  been  well  spread  out,  and  the  turf 
will  resume  its  original  position,  but  to  insure  its  doing 
so,  and  likewise  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  air,  a  firm 
tramp  must  be  given  where  the  cuts  intersect  each 
other.  Great  care  should  be  exercised  in  notch- 
planting,  for  if  the  notch  be  not  carefully  closed  the 
plants  are  sure  to  suffer  by  the  admission  of  too  much 
air  and  water  to  the  roots. 

In  pit-planting  the  holes  should  be  formed  of 
such  a  size  that  the  roots  of  the  trees  to  be 
inserted  can  be  spread  out  to  their  fuU  extent,  all 
cramping,  twisting,  and  bending  of  these  being  care- 
fully guarded  against.  Loosen  well  the  sides  and 
bottoms  of  the  pits  with  a  pick,  and,  if  possible, 
have  them  opened  for  a  few  weeks  previous  to  the 
plants  being  inserfed,  the  freshly  turned-up  soil  being 
much  improved  by  exposure  to  the  weather  even  for 
a  few  days. 

Planting  should  next  be  carefully  gone  about,  the 
trees  being  first  placed  erect,  their  roots  spread  well 
out,  and  equally  around  the  stem,  and  all  covered 
with  soil,  remembering  to  bring  the  soil  and  roots  in 
contact,  for  vacant  spaces  left  around  the  stems  and 
roots  are  productive  of  anything  but  good.  Trample 
the  soil  firmly  but  not  too  hard  around  the  stem,  and 


do  not  insert  the  plant  at  a  greater  depth  than  it  stood 
when  it  was  in  the  nursery  ground.  For  the  ordinary 
rjn  of  forest  stuff,  say  Larch,  Scotch,  Silver,  and 
Spruce  Firs,  of  from  iS  inches  to  3  feet  in  height,  the 
pits  need  not  be  made  of  larger  size  than  i  foot 
jquare,  or,  better  still,  circular,  and  iS  inches  in 
diameter.  By  picking  the  soil  around  the  pits,  in- 
clining the  tool  outward,  a  larger  base,  but  with 
the  original  sized  top,  is  made,  and  thus  extra 
space  is  allowed  for  the  roots  of  the  plants.  About 
4  feet  from  pit  to  pit  will  be  suflicienlly  close  for  the 
size  of  plants  just  stated.  When  dealing  with  the 
inserting  of  the  plants  we  should  have  stated  that  it  is 
wise  policy  to  always  incline  the  tree's  head  to  the 
point  from  which  the  north  winds  blow,  and  to  place 
on  the  opposite  side  a  square  of  turf,  which  should  be 
tramped  firmly  against  the  tree's  stem,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent as  much  as  possible  rocking  and  its  attending 
evil  results. 

Placing  stones,  as  is  too  frequently  done,  against 
the  young  tree,  cannot  be  too  strongly  denounced, 
for  the  bark  thus  becomes  chafed  and  broken,  when 
decay  sets  in  and  ruins  the  constitution  of  even 
the  stroni^est  specimen.  A.  D.  Webster ^  Penrhyn 
Castle,  North  Wales, 

Rabbits  Attacking  Trees  of  Pinus  Laricio. 
Permit  me  to  express  a  doubt  as  to  the  experience 
of  Mr.  Archdale,  Crock-na-Cruin,  Ballinamallard, 
regarding  the  Corsican  Pine  (Pinus  Laricio)  being 
more  liable  to  the  attacks  of  rabbits  than  any  other 
kind  of  plant.  I  have  during  a  pretty  extensive 
experience  planted  the  Pinus  Laricio  very  largely, 
even  where  rabbits  were  pretty  plentiful,  and  I  have 
always  found  in  a  plantation  of  mixed  plants,  say, 
Scotch  Fir,  Larch,  Spruce,  and  hardwood,  with  the 
exception  of  Ash,  the  Pinus  Laricio  was  generally 
the  very  last  plant  they  would  touch.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  Pinus  austriaca  was  generally 
destroyed  first  ;  in  fact  in  some  cases  I  have  planted 
austriaca  so  as  to  save  the  other  plants,  by  allowing 
the  herbage  time  to  rise  in  order  that  th2  main  crop 
might  be  partially  protected. 

I  am  therefore  inclined  to  think  that  Mr.  Arch- 
dale  must  have  planted  Pinus  austriaca,  instead  of 
Liricio,  as  they  are  very  closely  allied;  it  is  just 
possible  that  the  one  might  be  mistaken  for  the  other 
— if  not,  I  must  say  that  his  experience  does  not  accord 
with  mine  nor  with  the  experience  of  many  authorities 
on  the  subject.   C.  S,  F. 


JhE    'pr^CHAF(D     j4oUgE. 


MISCELLANEOUS  FRUITS. 
At  this  season  of  the  year  but  little  attention  is 
required  ;  in  fact,  none  at  all  as  regards  the  trees. 
Ttiose  who  live  in  very  wet  districts  will  do  well  to 
leave  their  trees  in  the  house.  In  dry,  favourable 
districts  I  advocate  as  the  result  of  twenty-five  years' 
experience  that  they  should  be  plunged  out-of-doors 
in  fresh  cocoa-fibre  refuse.  The  way  in  which  the 
roots  work  in  the  pots  when  plunged  shows  how  well 
this  material  agrees  with  them.  The  repotting  and 
top-dressing  should  be  finished  by  this  time,  and  if  it 
has  not  been  done,  see  to  it  at  once.  Either  operation 
is  simple  enough,  amd  both  have  been  explained  in 
previous  numbers.  Scale  is  sometimes  rather  trouble- 
some. Now  is  a  good  time  to  look  over  the  trees  to 
clear  it  all  oif",  and  well  wash  the  places  where  it  has 
been  clustering  with  soapy  water. 

Oranges. 
In  gardens  where  the  luxury  of  an  Orange-house 
can  be  aflorded,  it  is  easy  to  maintain  a  supply  of 
well-flavoured  Oranges  for  a  very  long  period.  The 
trees  are  less  trouble  when  planted  out,  but  they  are 
more  manageable  in  pots.  The  fruits  of  the  early 
Tangierine  variety  will  now  all  be  gathered,  and  the 
St.  Michaels,  with  a  few  of  the  Malta  blood,  should 
be  in  season.  It  is  very  seldom  indeed  that  the  trees 
can  be  kept  clean  all  through  the  summer  and  autumn 
months.  Examine  them  now,  and  wash  off  all  the 
scale  with  strong  soft-soapy  water.  Any  trees  on 
which  the  fruit  is  not  ripe  should  have  now  a  tem- 
perature of  from  60"  to  65''  as  a  minimum.  The  at- 
mosphere ought  to  be  only  moderately  moist.  The 
plants  should  also  be  well  exposed  to  light,  and  the 
ventilation  be  ample  without  exposing  the  plants  to  a 
draught,    ^as.  Douglas, 


NoVEMliER   20,    l8S6.] 


The     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


659 


I 


lie      ipiHllD, 


Some  very  curious  and  great  mistakes  are  often 
made  about  bees  in  bar-framed  hives  as  distinguished 
from  bees  kept  in  skeps.  It  seems  almost  a  part  of 
the  modern  beekeeper's  existence  to  be  suspected  of 
crafty  dealings  by  his  less  skilful  neighbours.  I  have 
frequently  determined  to  write  a  short  piece  about 
this  for  the  benefit  of  the  readers  of  the  GarJiners' 
Clironicle,  but  other  matters  have  had  the  preference. 
But  a  question  asked  last  week  by  one  of  your  cor- 
respondents caused  me  not  to  delay  it  any  longer.  I 
forget  the  exact  wording  of  the  question,  but  it  was 
to  this  effect  ;  "  Do  bees  from  bar-framed  hives  rob 
the  bees  that  live  in  skeps,  and  thus  double  their 
own  stores  ?  "  This  reminds  me  of  what  cottagers 
have  said  to  me.  They  have  talked  to  me  some- 
thing like  this  ;  "  Vou  say  your  bees  produce  more 
honey  than  the  bees  in  my  skeps,  and  I  know  how 
it  is  done  ;  they  come  and  rob  mine,  so  you  have 
double  and  I  have  none.  Ever  since  your  new- 
fangled hives  came  up  there  has  been  no  honey  for 
us  poor  skepists."  Now  this  is  altogether  a  fallacy. 
I  bad  occasion  to  find  fault  some  time  ago  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  with  Dr.  Watts,  about  the  "  busy 
bee,"  and  now  I  must  say  something  else  against  this 
insect,  viz.,  that  it  is  a  thorough  humbug.  Busy  it  is, 
but  so  is  an  armed  burglar.  Tfie  answer  to  the  whole 
thing  is  this,  that  the  strong  (bees  I  mean)  for  ever 
fob  the  weak.  Put  a  strong  stock  of  bees  in  a  skep 
by  the  side  of  a  weak  stock  in  a  bar-framed  hive,  and 
the  skep  will  contain  the  honey  from  both  hives  ; 
while  if  the  conditions  are  reversed,  the  honey  will  be 
in  the  bar-framed  hive.  But  inasmuch  as  the  beekeeper 
who  practises  the  modern  system  has  so  many  oppor- 
tunities of  strengthening  his  bees  which  the  skepist 
has  not,  the  latter  must  change  his  tactic.-,  for  we 
cannot  alter  the  nature  of  these  naughty  bee?.  Then, 
again,  we  of  the  modern  school  are  thought  to  be 
crafty  about  the  driving  business.  A  little  while  ago 
I  called  on  an  old  lady  and  found  her  grieved  even  to 
tears.  Asking  the  cause,  she  said  somebody  had 
taken  away  all  her  bees.  On  further  inquiry  I  found 
she  had  always  brimstoned  her  bees,  but  now  had 
allowed  somebody  to  drive  them  ;  and  although  she 
had  all  her  honey  and  wax  she  seemed  to  think  she 
was  better  off  with  brimstoned  bees  and  honey  than 
the  opposite.  I  suppose  people  will  get  wiser  some 
day,  but  I  frequently  find  people  who  would  rather 
burn  their  bees  than  sell  them  for  a  trifle  to  "  that 
there  schoolmaister,"  meaning  myself  The  autumn 
altogether  has  been  very  favourable  for  our  pets — 
though  humbugs^and  they  have  gone  into  winter 
quarters  in  a  very  satisfactory  state.  The  weather  is 
mild  though  wet,  therefore  if  you  wish  to  move  your 
hives  do  not  do  so  yet,  as  you  might  lose  them  on 
some  fine  .sunny  day.  Bees  cannot  find  their  hives  if 
moved  whilst  flying.    Waller  Chilly,  Pcwscy. 


NEW      HORTICULTURAL 
PALACE. 

VouR  article  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle  of  last  week 
on  the  wasted  opportunities  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  in  not  making  greater  use  of  the  chances  now 
gone  by  in  the  several  exhibitions  we  have  had  exactly 
echoes  my  ideas.  If  we  are  to  hold  our  own  against 
foreign  competition  the  goods  we  grow  and  produce 
must  be  brought  more  prominently  before  the  English 
public.  The  sale-rooms  of  well-known  auctioneers  are 
crammed  every  week  with  plants  from  over  the  **  silver 
streak,"  most  of  which  could  be  grown  as  well  in  our 
own  country.  Where,  for  instance,  can  Lilies  of  the 
Valley  be  grown  to  greater  perfection  under  proper 
culture  than  in  the  fens  of  Lincolnshire  and  Cam- 
bridgeshire ?  I  have  seen  and  grown  in  my  younger 
days  as  fine  crowns  as  any  from  Berlin,  producing 
magnificent  sprays  of  bloom..  It  may  not  be 
known  to  many  that  roots  and  bulbs  grown  in 
our  own  country  force  better  than  foreign  ones  ;  no 
doubt  the  reason  is  they  are  more  solid.  An 
English  bulb,  size  for  size,  is  considerably  heavier 
than  those  from  Holland,  showing  a  greater  amount 
of  stored-up  sap. 

It  is  the  same  with  our  Potatos ;  the  foreign 
will  not  bear  comparison  with  our  own,  not  even 
the  Jersey  Potato,  which  seems  to  store  up  water 
instead  of  starch,     I  believe  nowhere  in  the  world 


can  finer  Gladioli  and  Tulips  be  grown  than  in 
many  parts  of  England,  yet  how  seldom  do  we  see 
home-grown  bulbs  for  s.ale  in  the  sale-rooms.  Now 
at  last  we  are  promised  a  Horticultural  Palace. 
While  I  write  the  prospectus  is  before  me,  the  con- 
tents of  which,  if  carried  out,  I  think,  must  be  a  vast 
benefit  to  our  trade.  It  seems  it  is  intended  to  make 
it  the  great  central  flower  and  fruit  show  of  the 
world,  in  which  they  intend  to  roll  India,  Canada, 
New  Guinea,  Australia,  all  the  other  British  posses- 
sions, as  well  as  Kew  and  South  Kensington,  into  one 
show,  to  be  perpetually  renewed  with  fresh  supplies, 
home-grown  and  Colonial.  Surely  this  will  do  much 
for  horticulture  and  the  love  of  flowers,  which  is  rapidly 
growing  amongst  us.  No  doubt  education  and  the 
annual  display  of  flowers  in  our  parks  and  open 
spaces  has  had  a  great  deal  to  do  with  it ;  but  what 
rather  astonished  me,  when  looking  at  the  plans  of 
our  new  Palace,  was  to  be  told  that  this  and  that  posi- 
tion was  already  taken  or  bespoken  by  Belgian,  Ger- 
man, and  Flemish  firms  ;  actually  more  spaces  being 
applied  for  by  foreigners  than  English  nurserymen. 
Where  is  the  enterprise  of  the  Britisher  gone  ?  Surely 
this  ought  to  be  chiefly  a  British  and  Colonial  "posses- 
sion," where  our  own  wares  could  be  presented  to  the 
world  without  an  overwhelming  mixture  of  foreign.  The 
most  pleasing  sight  I  have  looked  on  for  many  a  day 
was  the  Chrysanthemum  Show  at  the  Aquarium  last 
Wednesday,  all  home-grown.  Edioard  Collins. 


SUPPLEMENTARY      LIST     OF 

PERENNIAL  ASTERS. 
The  following  is  a  descriptive  list  of  a  few  Asters, 
most  of  which  are  new  to  cultivation,  and  not 
included  in  Mr.  Baker's  monograph  of  the  genus 
which  appeared  in  these  pages  a  short  time  ago.  So 
far  as  is  known,  it  is  complete,  carrying  the  Asters  up 
to  the  present  date  :^ 

Aster  Pseudamellus,  ffook.  fit.  (Section 
Amellastrum.)— Stems  numerous,  scaberulous,  6  to 
iS  inches  high,  ascending  from  woody  perennial 
stocks,  simple  below,  much  branched  from  about  the 
middle,  bearing  a  few  corymbose  heads  ;  leaves  I — 2 
inches  long,  oblong  acute  or  the  upper  obtuse,  entire 
or  toothed,  and  obscurely  nerved  on  both  surfaces  ; 
involucre  half  an  inch  high  and  as  broad,  hardly  imbri- 
cated ;  bracts  with  broad  reflexed  foliaceous  tips,  the 
outermost  oblong  much  larger  than  the  inner  ;  heads 
from  1 — \\  inch  in  diameter,  ligules  bluish-purple, 
8  — 16,  and  from  ^ — \  inch  long,  narrow  ;  achenes 
pubescent,  the  pappus  of  few  slender  hairs  rather 
longer,  white  or  brownish. — Native  of  the  Western 
Himalayas  from  Scrao— 13, 000  feet  elevation,  Affghan- 
istan.  It  is  nearly  allied  to  the  F)uropean  Aster 
Amellus,  but  readily  distinguished  by  the  much  larger 
outer  involucral  bracts  and  invariably  toothed  leaves. 
Flowers  August,  September,  and  October. 

Aster  angustus,  Tory,  and  Gray.    (Section  12. 

CONYZOPSIS,  PRECEPING    MaCH.'ERANTHERA.  ) 

Stem  1—2  feet  in  height,  spreading  or  upright,  and 
branching,  with  numerous  spicately  panicled  heads  ; 
leaves  narrow  ;  bracts  of  the  involucre  all  linear 
acute,  the  corolla  of  the  ray  flowers  generally  reduced 
to  the  tube,  and  much  shorter  than  the  elongated 
style  ;  sometimes  with  a  rudimentary  ligule. — Flowers 
August  and  September,  inhabiting  saline  wet  grounds, 
from  Saskatchewan  to  Utah  and  Colorado,  eastward  to 
Minnesota,  and  now  even  extending  to  Chicago,  also 
North  Asiatic.  (Crioitaria  humilis.  Hook.;  Erigeron 
ciliatus,  Ledeb. ;  Conjzi  altaica,  DC;  Tripolium 
angustus,  Lindl. ;  Braohyactis  ciliata,  Ledeb.)  A  plant 
more  curious  than  beautiful,  and  not  likely  to  appeal 
to  florists. 

Aster  peregrinus,  Pursh.     (Section  Erigeras- 

TRUM.) 

Stems  from  I — 2  feet  in  height,  from  a  thick  creep- 
ing rootstock,  tomentose  or  glabrous  ;  lower  leaves 
oblong  lanceolate,  upper  oval  lanceolate,  closely  sessile 
by  a  slightly  clasping  base,  1^2  inches  long,  entire 
or  sharply  denticulate  serrate  ;  involucre  half  an  inch 
high,  a  little  broader  ;  bracts  attenuate  pubescent  or 
villous;  rays  half  an  inch  long,  violet-purple.  (Aster 
unalaschensis.  Lees.  ;  Tilesii,  Wfkstr. ;  consanguineus, 
Ledeb.;  salsuginosus.  Hook.)  —  Native  of  North 
America,  flowering  August  and  September.  It  has 
been  confounded  with  Aster  salsuginosus,  Richard, 
now  removed  to  Erigeron  by  Dr.  Gray ;  the  latter, 
however,  has  a  viscidulous  glandular,  and  not  villous 


involucre,  nnd  more  numerous  ray   florets.     A   fine 
showy  plant,  useful  for  the  rock  garden. 

Aster  Strachevi,  Hook.  fit. 
Dwarf  stoloniferous,  with  a  rambling,  often  branch- 
ing rootstock,  pubescent  or  villous,  and  seldom  more 
than  1—4  inches  in  height  ;  radical  leaves  obovate- 
spathulate,  with  few  or  many  distinct  teeth  ;  scape  or 
stem  leaves  I — 2  inches  long,  coarsely  and  sharply 
serrate;  one  or  few-flowered;  involucre  bracts  few, 
scarcely  imbricate,  all  about  one  length,  linear-oblong, 
acute,  or  acuminate  ;  ligules  thirty  to  forty,  about 
half  an  inch  long,  bluish-purple  ;  achenes  pubescent  or 
silky;  pappus  simple,  reddish.— Native  of  the  Western 
Alpine  Himalayas,  Kumaon,  Pindari,  &c.,  12,000 — 
13,000  feet  elevation  ;  flowering  early  in  summer.  A 
most  curious  and  unique  little  species,  sending  out 
runners  or  stolons  from  the  original  stock  like  a  Straw- 
berry, and  capable  by  this  means  of  being  propagated, 
each  runner  forming  a  distinct  plant.  It  appears 
perfectly  h.irdy,  and  promises  to  make  a  fine  rockery 
subject,    y.  G.  Baker. 

(To  be  continued,) 


loijiatis'    ¥[m\x% 


AU  RICULAS. 
I  WROTE  last  on  the  Auricula  at  p.  39S,  and  the 
subject  of  the  note  was  repotting,  and  the  "woolly 
aphis."  This  pest  is  very  troublesome  during  hot 
weather,  but  it  is  apparently  not  so  hardy  as  the 
green  species,  which  thrives  on  the  leaves,  and  does 
ten  times  more  harm  to  the  plants.  The  greenfly 
will  do  harm  even  in  winter,  and  should  be  destroyed 
by  fumigating.  The  outer  leaves  continue  to  decay 
rapidly,  and  unless  promptly  removed  the  existence 
of  valuable  specimens  may  be  endangered.  The 
plants  may  all  be  kept  comparatively  dry  at  the  roots 
now,  and  ample  ventilation  is  best,  the  lights  being 
still  removed  entirely  except  when  it  rains  or  if  dense 
fogs  set  in.  The  atmosphere  is  sometimes  so 
thoroughly  saturated  with  moisture  in  November  and 
December  that  it  is  prudent  to  keep  the  lights  of  all 
houses  closed  until  the  fogs  clear  off.  All  repotting 
should  be  delayed  now  until  February. 

Alpines  in  the  Open  Air. 

The  groups  of  alpines  require  to  be  looked  over 
occasionally  for  slugs,  as  these  are  very  troublesome — 
they  do  much  damage  to  the  tender  leaves  and  other 
parts  of  young  plants.  Soot  is  the  best  material  to 
strew  on  the  ground  round  the  plants.  It  not  only 
kills  the  slugs  or  keeps  them  off,  but  does  the  same 
for  worms. 

Carnations  and  Picotees. 

Reference  was  made  at  p.  39S  to  potting  up  the 
layers  and  saving  the  seeds ;  all  this  has  now  been 
done.  The  young  plants  are  well  established  in  the 
frames,  so  that  if  a  sharp  frost  sets  in  the  plants  will 
not  be  injured  thereby.  Some  growers  state  that  the 
best  time  to  pot  up  the  layers  is  the  end  of  October. 
I  consider  the  beginning  of  the  month  is  a  better 
time.  Ours  have  alw.ays  been  repotted  during  the 
last  days  of  September  and  the  early  days  of  October ; 
we  finish  in  the  first  week  of  the  month.  If  early 
frosts  set  in  before  the  plants  are  rooted,  they  are 
checked  in  their  growth.  I  never  had  any  plants  pot- 
bound  owing  to  too  early  potting. 

I  may  say  here  that  the  best  head  of  border  Carna- 
tions is  obtained  from  plants  that  have  been  layered 
in  the  open  ground,  and  are  left  to  flower  where  they 
were  layered,  merely  thinning  them  out  where  too 
much  crowded.  All  plants  now  in  frames  should 
have  plenty  of  air.  Any  weeds  in  the  pots  should  be 
pulled  out,  decayed  leaves  removed,  and  greenfly 
deslr.iyed.  The  plants  must  have  a  fair  supply  of 
water  at  the  roots  ;  allow  none  of  them  to  become 
anything  like  dust  dry. 

Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations. 
Those  who  have  taken  the  greatest  care  of  their 
plants  during  the  summer  and  autumn  months,  will 
now  enjoy  the  fruits  of  their  labours  to  their  fullest 
extent.  The  delicately  tinted  pale  rose  and  pink 
forms,  the  rich  scarlet  and  crimson  colours,  the  chaste 
white  and  soft  yellow  blended  together,  have  a  charm- 
ing efTect.  The  very  early  propagated  plants  in  S-inch 
pots  are  best  for  large  houses ;  smaller  ones  in  5  and 


66o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


INOVEMEEK   20,    l»ii6. 


6-inch  pots  produce  from  six  to  a  dozen  fine  blooms 
and  are  very  pretty.  Two-year-old  specimens  in 
19-incli  pots  may  be  grown,  and  are  when  well  grown 
very  handsome.  They  require  a  minimum  tempera- 
ture of  50°  to  55°  in  order  to  develope  the  flowers  to 
their  fullest  extent.  They  are  easily  kept  free  from 
insect  pests  ;  as  I  stated  at  p.  426,  fumigation  with 
tobacco  smoke  does  not  injure  the  most  delicate  Car- 
nation bloom. 

The  Chrysanthemum. 
In  the  middle  of  the  blooming  season  it  may  to 
some  seem  out  of  place  to  write  about  propagation  for 
next  season,  but  it  is  not  so.  Cuttings  may  be  taken  off 
any  time  alter  the  middle  of  November,  and  be  planted 
in  small  pots,  one  in  the  centre  of  each  pot.  Those 
who  are  anxious  to  grow  handsome  specimen  plants 
for  exhibition  will  find  the  right  way  tosuccess  byselecl- 
ing  them  from  amongst  the  tall  stemmed  examples  that 
have  produced  the  large  single  blooms.  This  must  also 
be  done  now.  Some  of  them  are  already  producing 
shoots  from  the  stem  near  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Encourage  those  to  grow  that  are  from  2  to  6  inches 
up  the  stem  ;  this  must  be  clean  cut  over  above  the 
top  shoot,  and  the  plant  itself  must  be  shaken  out, 
and  repotted,  using  good  rich  soil,  and  as  a  rule,  the 
roots  may  be  put  into  6  and  7-inch  pots.  I  like  the 
7-inch  very  well,  as  they  go  well  out  of  these  into 
9-inch  and  afterwards  into  Ii-inch,  in  which  they 
produce  their  flowers.  The  best  specimen  pompon 
varieties  are  also  produced  from  cuttings  put  in  now. 
Root  cuttings  of  course— that  is,  cuttings  which  spring 
up  from  the  ground  close  to  the  main  stem— when  the 
cuttings  are  taken  off  from  the  stem  itself,  they  have 
a  greater  tendency  to  run  to  flower  prematurely  in  the 
month  of  May  ;  they  may  be  all  right,  but  the  chances 
are  equal  that  they  will  be  all  wrong.  I  would  also 
urge  the  importance  of  keeping  the  plants  in  steady, 
healthy  growth  all  through  the  winter  months.  J. 
Douglas. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums. 
It  seems  almost  superfluous  to  attempt  to  write 
anything  about  a  class  of  plants  so  universally  appre- 
ciated as  zonal  Pelargonium — I  refer  to  that  section 
generally  grown  under  glass  for  decoration  and  cutting 
from.  Probably  no  other  class  of  plants  rewards  the 
labour  bestowed  upon  them  mere  generously  than 
zonal  Pelargoniums  ;  with  good  cultivation  they  can 
easily  be  made  to  bloom  profusely  for  three  consecutive 
months,  and  that,  too,  in  the  depth  of  winter,  when 
their  brilliant  colours  are  appreciated  most  highly. 
Thanks  to  the  labours  of  enthusiastic  raisers  we  have 
now  a  host  of  fine  varieties  greatly  in  advance  of  those 
cultivated  ten  years  ago,  especially  as  regards  size  of 
the  flowers.  One  looks  in  vain  amongst  the  older 
sorts  for  the  beautifully  compact  massive  and  well 
nigh  perfect  circular  outline  of  the  individul  pips  that 
characterise  the  best  varieties.  There  is  also  a  great 
improvement  in  the  size  of  the  pips  and  trusses  ; 
many  of  the  latter  being  like  miniature  bouquets  when 
well  grown.  I  venture  to  think  they  are  not  so  well 
understood  by  some  gardeners  as  their  merits  as 
winter  bloomers  deserve.  There  is  one  method  of 
cultivating  them  which  might  be  more  generally  fol- 
lowed with  advantage  especially  to  those  who  have 
to  provide  much  cut  blooms  ;  it  is  as  follows  :— Take 
a  batch  of  cuttings  according  to  demands  and  con- 
venience in  February,  and  again  in  April,  potting 
them  up  about  the  fourth  week  in  May,  the  first 
batch  into  32-size  pots,  the  later  batch  into  40-size 
pots,  having  previously  shifted  them  from  the  cutting- 
pots  into  60-size  pots.  Use  a  compost  consisting  of 
three  parts  good  loam,  two  parts  well-rotted  dung 
(cow-dung,  if  possible),  and  one  part  coarse,  clean 
sand.  Have  nothing  to  do  with  poor,  light  sandy 
soil  if  the  best  results  be  desired,  and  place  them  on 
a  bed  of  ashes  in  a  perfectly  open,  sunny  situation. 
Look  them  over  regularly,  and  pick  off  all  bloom  and 
the  points  of  the  shoots.  Continue  this  treatment, 
not  forgetting  to  give  a  liberal  supply  of  water  till  the 
end  of  September,  when  they  should  be  housed.  A 
house  with  a  temperature  of  60',  with  an  atmosphere 
rather  dry,  suits  them  best.  All  decaying  blooms 
and  leaves  should  be  picked  off  once  a  week,  as,  by 
doing  so,  the  blooming  period  is  greatly  prolonged. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  keep  a  small  coarse  bag  of  soot, 
burned  earth,  or  cow-manure  in  the  water-tank  during 
the  blooming  period.  This  kind  of  cultivation  will 
give  vigorous,  short  -  jointed  bushy  plants  with 
abundance  of  bloom.  The  April  .batch  must  be 
kept  clear  of  bloom  till  required  to  succeed  the  first 
batch. 


The  following  varieties  will  be  fouml  to  give  every 
satisfaction,  and  as  there  are  unfortunately  many 
synonyms,  it  is  quite  necessary  to  take  the  oft- 
repeated  advice,  to  have  no  o  her  sorts  than  those 
asked  for,  and  to  see  that  you  get  what  ynu  ask  for  : 
—Single  varieties— Mr.  H.  Cannell,  crimson,  white 
eye,  very  fine;  Lord  Chesterfield,  magnificent  trusses 
of  magenta  flowers;  Cato,  orange- scarlet  ;  Mrs. 
Gordon,  crimson,  very  distinct  white  eye  ;  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, a  grand  winter-blooming  scarlet. 
John  Gibbons,  a  strong  bedder,  is  far  too  good  to 
be  left  out  o(  a  collection  of  winter  bloomers  ;  the 
same  remarks  apply  to  H.  Jacoby.  Another  very 
good  thing  is  Lord  Wolsley  ;  GathornePIardy  must 
not  be  omitted  from  the  list  of  scarlets  ;  Dr.  Denny 
is  a  purplish-violet,  and  very  distinct  ;  T.  Todman  is 
a  grand  variety,  faultless  in  shape,  very  free  and  fine  ; 
Dante,  deep  magenta,  very  good  and  distinct ;  Edith 
Little,  blush  ;  Evening  Star,  a  lovely  gem  for  60- 
size  pots.  The  best  salmon-coloured  variety  is 
Leviathan,  but  Lady  Chesterfield  and  Fanny  Cailln 
are  both  very  good,  and  also  of  this  colour.  The  best 
of  the  pink  coloured  ones  are  Mrs.  Daniels,  Euiydice, 
and  Lady  Sheffield  ;  Lucy  Bosworth  is  also  worth  grow- 
ing ;  (Tueen  of  the  Belgians  and  Eureka  are  among 
the  best  whites. 

Amongst  double  varieties  the  following  are  worthy 
of  a  place  :— F.  V.  Raspail,  Mr.  H.  Cannell,  scarlets  ; 
Jules  Simon,  Rosa  Bmheur,  rose-coloured  ;  the  Lord 
Mayor,  pink,  very  fine  and  good  ;  light  orange,  ErI 
Konig ;  Lacrena,  purplish  coloured,  flowers  very 
good  ;  and  the  double  Indian  Yellow.  Whites  :  — Le 
Cygne,  and  Madame  Lemoine.  All  these  varieties 
should  be  in  every  collection,     F.  iV.  Seers. 

Hints  on  Hollyhocks. 
It  is  a  fortunate  circumstance  that  seedling  Holly- 
hocks do  not  greatly  vary  from  the  form  and  colour  of 
the  parent  flowers.  It  follows  that,  when  the  seed  is 
obtained  from  plants  carefully  selected  for  their  fine 
qualities,  a  good  bloom  may  be  expected  by  adopting 
the  simplest  and  the  cheapest  method  of  cultivation. 
The  seeds  may  be  sown  at  any  time  from  March  to 
August  ;  but  early  sowing  is  advisable,  as  the  plants 
can  be  put  out  in  time  to  make  a  free  growth  the  first 
season,  to  prepare  them  for  a  strong  bloom  in  the  season 
following.  Asaconsideral  le  numberof  the  finest  named 
sorts,  that  were  things  of  renown  fifty  years  ago,  are 
still  in  cultivation,  the  propagation  by  divisions  and 
cuttings  is  still  a  matter  of  some  importance.  The 
time  for  this  business  is  in  the  decline  of  the  summer, 
or  early  in  the  autumn.  It  is  an  easy  matter  to  detach 
from  the  base  a  short  shoot  or  portion  of  the  stool, 
and  this  being  potted,  and  kept  through  the  winter 
in  a  frame,  will  grow  freely  in  the  spring,  and  should 
be  planted  out  as  soon  as  the  weather  permits  in 
April  or  May — the  earlier  the  better,  provided  there 
is  no  particular  danger  of  injury  from  frost.  In 
places  much  exposed  the  planting  must  be  later  than 
in  warm,  sheltered  situatioLS.  The  requisites  for 
the  production  of  fine  blooms  of  Hollyhocks  are  a 
deep,  rich,  moist  soil  ;  perfect  drainage,  to  prevent 
injury  by  winter  damp ;  and  full  exposure  to  air 
and  light.  In  places  much  overshadowed  by  trees,  or 
where  much  hemmed  in  by  walls  and  fences,  Holly- 
hocks do  not  prosper.  They  love  sunshine  and  fresh 
air  ;  they  love  good  living,  and  in  a  hot,  dry  season 
may  with  great  advantage  be  liberally  supplied  with 
water.  From  '*  Familiar  Garden  Blowers  "  Jor 
Novt-mler. 


FRUIT    TREE    PLANTATIONS, 
AND    ARTIFICIAL    MANURE. 

Apples  on  the  Paradise  stock  will  be  a  more  pro- 
fitable crop  for  the  farmer  of  the  future  than  standard 
trees.  The  orchard  of  dwarf  trees  can  be  planted, 
cultivated,  and  brought  into  profit  while  the  standard 
orchard  is  struggling  into  growth.  It  is  much  less 
troublesome  to  surround  a  dwarf  orchard  with  wire 
fencing  than  to  protect  every  individual  standard.  1 
have  found  that  rabbits  are  effectually  prevented  from 
burrowing  under  the  fence  by  sinking  a  strand  of 
barbed  wire  about  4  inches  deep.  The  trees  should 
be  planted  9  feet  apart  row  from  row,  and  4  to  6  feet 
in  the  rows,  forming  continuous  hedges.  The  proper 
sorts  to  be  cultivated  are  named  in  the  catalogue. 
Owing  to  the  extraordinary  importations  of  Apples 
from  America  in  the  autumn,  the  planter  should  select 
early  sorts  which  can  be  sold  in  July,  August,  Sep- 
tember, and  October.  The  soil  should  be  surface- 
dressed  with  artificial  manure  if  stable  manure  cannot 


be  easily  obtained,  as  after  a  heavy  crop  the  trees  will 
require  assistance. 

In  small  gardens  much  trouble  may  be  saved  by 
the  application  of  chemical  manures  to  fruit  trees. 
Bones,  sulphate  of  ammonia,  nitrate  of  soda,  soot, 
superphosphate,  sulphate  of  iron,  fish  manure,  will 
replace  stable  manure,  often  difficult  to  obtain  of  good 
quality,  and  not  so  easy  of  application.  An  analysis 
of  the  soil  would  be  of  great  use  to  the  planter  on  a 
large  scale,  and  would  probably  save  valuable  time. 

The  cultivation  of  Grapes  with  artificial  manure 
will  probably  be  more  extended  in  the  future  than  at 
present ;  but  as  different  soils  require  difterent  ma- 
nures, it  is  necessary  to  discover  the  proper  composi- 
tion. White  and  black  Grapes  require  studying  as  to 
the  nature  of  the  manures  to  be  used.  When  this 
question  is  thoroughly  understood  less  will  be  heard 
of  shanking  or  failing  to  colour.  Grapes  may  be 
successfully  grown  in  perforated  pots,  the  roots  being 
allowed  to  penetrate  into  the  soil  surrounding  the  pot, 
which  must  be  renewed  every  year,  the  roots  being 
then  cut  off  close  to  the  perforations.  The  soil,  sup- 
ported by  bricks,  should  extend  about  2  feet  from  the 
pot,  which  is  plunged  up  to  the  rim,  and  may  be 
placed  over  hot-water  pipes.  This  will  be  found  a 
cheap  method  of  making  a  Vine  border.  T.  F.  Rivers^ 
in  List  of  Fruits  for  1SS6-7. 


jHoME     f!0F(F{E3P0NDENC£. 


Notes  on  Seedling  Conifers.  —  I  have  just 
noticed  a  strange  fact,  that  in  the  old  genus  Picea 
(now  called  Abies),  P.  grandis  is  the  only  member 
whose  mode  of  growth  in  a  seedling  state  is  similar 
to  that  of  young  plants  of  the  Abies  tribe,  viz., 
that  instead  of  the  usual  whorl  of  leaves  produced  in 
the  Picea  tribe  (note  P.  cephalonica,  P.  Pinsapo,  P. 
Nordmanniana),  P.  grandis  has  an  elongated  stem, 
with  the  leaves  placed,  not  in  a  whorl  at  the  top,  but 
regularly  along  it,  similar  to  Abies  Douglasii,  A. 
Menziesii,  or  A.  excelsa  of  equal  ages.  Seedling 
plants  of  Abies  grandis,  from  seeds  sown  last  season, 
are  now  7.\  inches  in  height  ;  A.  Nordmanniana, 
if  inch;  A.  cephalonica,  i^  inch;  A.  Pinsapo, 
\\  inch;  while  the  Douglas  Fir  is  2  inches;  A. 
Menziesii,  ^[  inch  ;  A.  excelsa,  1 4  inch  ;  and  Plnus 
sylvestris  and  P.  Laricio  2  inches  and  z\  inches 
respectively.  The  latter  Pine  is  remarkably  bushy 
for  its  height,  and  grows  with  unusual  rapidity, 
two-year  seedlings  being  6  inches  high,  and  with 
leaves  4  inches  long.  The  peculiar  twisted  foliage 
is  very  noticeable  in  the  plants  under  consideration, 
the  seeds  having  been  carefully  collected  from  the 
typical  P.  Laricio,  which  is  readily  detected  by  the 
peculiar  twist  near  the  base  of  each  leaf.  This  form, 
I  might  add  in  passing,  is  the  most  valuable  tree  for 
commercial  purposes.  Abies  or  Pseudo-Tsuga  Doug- 
lasii of  two  years  old  is  fully  12  inches  high  ;  this  tree 
grows  rapidly  even  in  the  younger  stages  of  its 
existence.  IIow  pigmy  in  size  the  twelvemonths  old 
plants  of  Menzies'  Spruce  appear  !  these  being  only 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  height,  but  remarkably 
bushy,  if  we  may  so  speak,  at  the  top.  The  Cluster 
Pme  is  2  inches  high  at  a  year  old,  stiff  and  strong. 
These  are  the  average  heights  of  seedlings  sown  the 
same  day  and  in  the  same  seed-bed.  How  different 
in  appearance  they  are  !  the  foliage  of  some  being  of 
a  light  silvery-green,  while  that  of  others  is  of  such 
a  deep  green  as  almost  to  approach  black.  A,  D, 
Wchier. 

Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums. — As  a  supplement 
to  my  remarks  on  the  above  subject,  I  regard  those  of 
Mr.  W.  J.  Ireland  as  a  valuable  addition,  not  affecting 
what  I  wrote,  as  I  did  not  touch  upon  growing  plants 
for  supplying  cut  flowers  alone.  I  wished  to  call 
attention  to  their  great  value  for  decorative  purposes 
when  grown  in  pots  from  4  to  6  inches  in  diameter, 
for  arranging  among  other  plants  for  house  or  con- 
servatory embellishment,  or  when  shifted  into  larger 
pots,  and  trained  to  pyramidal  trellises,  they  make 
tine  specimens  for  placing  in  prominent  positions  In 
regard  to  your  correspondent's  statement,  that  when 
trained  in  the  way  above  indicated  the  shoots  do  not 
get  sufficient  light  to  enable  them  to  flower  satisfac- 


November  20,  18S6. 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


661 


torily  during  the  winter  months,  I  will  mention  that 
our  own  plants  are  at  the  present  time  completely 
studded  with  flowers  and  opening  buds,  which  daily 
find  many  admirers.  Where  plants  are  grown  for 
supplying  cut  flowers  alone,  Mr.  Ireland's  method  is, 
without  doubt,  an  excellent  one,  and  he  has  done 
good  service  in  calling  attention  to  his  practice,  but, 
as  in  the  majority  of  gardens  plants  are  wanted  for 
using  in  the  way  I  have  described,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary to  grow  them  in  smaller  pots  also,  and  train  in 
the  way  most  suited  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  are 
required.  H,  Dunkin. 

Mild  Weather  in  Scotland.— Thursday,  No- 
vember II,  was  what  in  Scotland  is  called  the  gar- 
deners' term.  Being  an  ardent  Dahlia  grower  I  have 
been  anxious  for  the  last  thirty  years  to  show  Dahlia 
blooms  on  the  term  day,  but  was  always  disappointed 
on  account  of  the  frost,  till  this  season,  when  on 
that  day  I  showed  a  very  nice  stand  of  blooms  in  my 
warehouse,  many  of  which  would  not  have  disgraced 
an  exhibition  stand  ;  and  what  pleased  me  most  was 
to  see  the  interest  the  young  gardeners  look  in  them. 
John  Dtnonie 

Raising  Potatos  and  Peas.— I  have  no  doubt 
whatever  that  your  correspondent,  Mr.  Divers,  in 
some  recent  observations  on  this  topic,  in  not  alone 
in  holding  the  belief  that  Potato  and  Pea  raising  is  a 
very  profitable  occupation.  If  I  were  to  aver  that 
the  profit,  if  any  is  to  be  found,  is  rarely  the  raiser's, 
he  would  perhaps  smile  sceptically  ;  but  if  I  invite 
him  to  try  for  himself  and  see  how  much  of  wealth  he 
can  extract  from  the  raising  of  new  kinds  of  these 
vegetables,  he  will  probably  shrug  his  shoulders  and 
respectfully  decline.  It  may  be  that  gardeners  who 
have  their  employers'  gardens  and  labour  to  operate 
in  can  carry  out  much  of  the  kind  referred  to  profit- 
ably. I  do  not  know,  but  I  doubt  very  much  whether, 
even  then  they  find  the  game  worth  the  candle,  and 
in  the  case  of  those  who  have  to  pay  rent  for  ground 
and  find  a  livelihood  from  out  of  their  own  labours,  I 
am  certain  that  profit  is  all  moonshine.  Perhaps  I 
shall  be  asked.  Why,  then,  do  those  who  raise  new 
kinds  of  these  vegetables  continue  to  do  so?  My 
answer  is  that  they  are  under  the  influence  of  deep 
interest  in  what  they  have  .set  about,  an  interest  which 
is  more  potent  than  even  the  pursuit  of  wealth,  for  it 
possesses  attractions  which  are  to  the  true  raiser 
irresistible.  Those  who  rai-e  seedling  Potatos  or 
Peas  find  their  interest  increased  with  the  extent  of 
their  operations  ;  and  it  is  well  it  should  be  so,  for 
out  of  perhaps  fifty  or  one  hundred  seedlings — each  one 
of  which  saved  needs  more  and  more  space  each  year 
— it  will  be  found  that  a  score  or  more  of  even  the 
best  will  have  to  be  cast  aside  each  year,  until  the 
total  number  is  weeded  down  to  some  half  a  dozen, 
or  even  less.  My  advice  to  those  who  envy  raisers 
their  profits  (?)  is  to  lurn-to  and  reap  some  of  those 
profits  for  themselves.  A.  D, 

Abnormal  Cypripedium  Spicerianum. — In  the 
normal  condition  of  the  flower  of  an  Orchid  it  is  so 
complicated  by  cohesion,  adhesion,  suppression,  and 
other  modifications,  that  the  morphology  of  parts  as 
they  occur  in  other  flowering  plants  generally  is  with 
diflliculty  recognisable.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
there  is  less  suppression  in  Cypripedium  and  its  allies 
than  in  the  other  tribes,  it  is  still  a  very  complicated 
flower.  In  most  species  of  Cypripedium  the  lateral 
sepals  are  connate  into  one  piece,  apparently  for  the 
support  of  the  large  pouch-shaped  labellum,  leaving 
no  trace  of  their  plurality  of  origin  except  two  mid- 
ribs and  generally  two  small  apical  teelh.  C. 
arietinum  is  an  exception  to  this,  and  has  its  lateral 
sepals  almost  free,  almost  to  the  base.  A  specimen 
of  C.  Spicerianum  given  me  lately  has  the  lateral 
sepals  divided  to  the  very  base  and  enlarged  on  the 
contiguous  sides  and  revolute  there,  giving  them  the 
same  oblique  appearance  as  occurs  in  Phala^nopsis 
amabilis,  P.  Aphrodite,  and  P.  Schilleriana.  This 
extra  development  is  pure  white,  like  the  greater  part 
of  the  upper  sepal,  while  the  rest  is  green,  as  in  the 
normal  state  of  the  flower.  All  the  three  anthers  of 
the  inner  whorl  of  stamens  are  developed  instead  of 
two,  and  appear  perfect  in  every  respect.  The  third 
and  unusual  one,  occurs  immediately  in  front  of,  and 
below  the  stigma,  which  is  bifid  on  that  side,  to 
accommodate  the  filament  of  the  anther  (an  unusual 
phenomenon).  The  rest  of  the  flower  is  normal 
excepting  the  labellum,  which  shows  a  tendency  to 
lose  its  pouched  condition,  is  rather  deeply  bifid  in 
front,  and  has  a  green  band  extending  along  its 
middle  throughout  its  length  internally,  with  a  purple 
band  on  e.ach  side  of  this,  while  the  rest  is  spotted 
purple.  The  significance  of  the  green  and  purple 
bands  together  with  the  fission  of  the  labellum  is  not 
very  evident.  J.  F. 

Eucharis  amazonica  Planted  Out.— I  advo- 
cated the  above  system  in  these  columns  last  January, 
after  a  fair  trial  of  nine  years,  during  the  whole  of 
which  time  I  had  been  most  successful  in  growing  this 
most  useful  of  stove  flowering  plants   for  cutting  pur- 


poses. I  thought,  perhaps,  it  might  be  of  some 
interest  to  a  few  of  the  numerous  readers  of  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle  to  hear  what  these  have  been  doing 
since  I  sent  my  first  few  notes  on  the  above  subject. 
These  have  been  in  bloom  twice  since  January,  this 
last  time  for  the  past  seven  or  eight  weeks,  and  there 
are  still  some  flower-spikes  left  to  open.  I  have 
pleasure  in  submitting  specimens  to  the  Elitor,  to 
show  what  large  leathery  foliage  they  make,  and 
strong  spikes  of  bloom  they  carry.  I  have  gathered 
some  hundreds  of  blooms  from  these  plants  growing  in 
the  76  feet  of  bordering  in  the  plant  stove  here,  and 
many  who  have  seen  them  lately  can  bear  out  my 
statement  ;  some  of  the  spikes  have  measured  as  much 
as  36  inches  long.  I  have  watched  these  very  closely, 
and  still  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  the  same 
bulbs  have  already  bloomed  thrice  within  the  year. 
After  this  lime  of  blooming  I  do  not  expect  to  have 
them  in  bloom  again  till  next  January.  I  have  seen 
spaces  in  many  plant  stoves  that  could  well  be  utilised 
for  this  purpose,  either  as  borders  or  rockwoik  ;  the 
Eucharis  will  do  equally  well  in  one  as  the  other. 
Distance  from  the  glass  is  no  object ;  some  of  these 
are  12  feet  from  the  glass,  and  others  6  feet,  and  the 
compost  for  planting  them  in  I  would  recommend 
loam  only  (when  it  can  be  got  good),  with  some 
coarse  silver-sand  added.  I  have  a  good  stock  of  pot 
plants,  and  with  these  and  the  planted-out  ones  I  am 
scarcely  ever  without  Eucharis  flowers  throughout  the 
year,  and  where  hard  forcing  would  have  to  be 
resorted  to  for  supply,  no  better  bulbs  could  be  pro- 
cured tor  potting. up  than  those  grown  under 
the  above  system.  I  have  lately  extended  this 
system  by  planting  the  back  border  46  feet  long, 
in  a  house  of  planted-out  Camellias  I  should  slate 
the  hot-water  pipes  run  along  by  the  side  of  Ihis  border. 
They  were  very  small  bulbs  when  put  out,  and  have 
only  been  planted  twelve  months  ;  they  have  grown 
well,  and  if  they  only  bloom  once  in  a  year  they  will 
repay  the  little  trouble  they  have  been.'  I  have  also 
put  some  out  in  a  short  length  of  border  in  a  green- 
hoirse,  which  I  hope  also  to  be  successful  with  ;  the 
main  flow  and  return  pipe  heating  one  range  of 
houses  is  by  the  side  of  this  house.  There  is  also  an 
old  plant  of  Stephanotis  floribunda  growing  in  this 
border,  part  of  the  roof  of  the  house  being  covered  with 
it,  and  which  produces  hundreds  of  blooms  through  the 
summer  months  ;  this  plant  is  never  troubled  with 
mealy-bug  or  scale,  as  would  be  the  case  were  it 
growing  in  stove  temperature.  The  system  of  plant- 
ing-out Eucharis  is  becoming  more  general,  and  to 
those  who  have  only  lately  adopted  this  system  I  can 
assure  them  (after  ten  years'  experience)  that  they 
will  meet  with  the  greatest  success  ;  and  they  will 
also  find  that  the  growth  they  make  is  fir  stronger 
than  those  cultivated  in  pots,  and  also  a  far  greater 
yield  of  flowers  for  cutting  purposes.  Edward  IVarJ, 
Newell  Gardens,  Broms^rove.  [The  bulbs,  foliage, 
and  flowers,  sent  with  this  communication,  were  of 
extraordinary  vigour.   Ed.  J 

Bradford  School  of  Science  and  Art. — I  wish 
to  inform  you  that  I  am  laying  out  the  grounds  for 
this  school,  and  that  Messrs.  Fisher  &  Holmes  have 
nothing  to  do  with  the  work  at  all,  it  having  been  let 
by  public  tender.  Having  read  the  paragraph  about 
the  school  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  October  30, 
I  shall  esteem  it  a  great  favour  if  you  would  kindly 
correct  it.  Win.  Green.  [We  regret  having  been 
misled,  but  the  information  we  published,  being 
taken  from  an  official  document,  we  were  under  the 
impression  that  it  was  correct.  Ed.] 

Narcissus  viridiflorus  in  North  Africa.  — 
Three  years  ago  I  recorded  through  the  pages  of 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  the  rediscovery  of  the  long- 
lost  Narcissus  viridiflorus  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Gibraltar,  and  yesterday  I  had  the  pleasure  of  con- 
firming its  reputed  occurrence  on  the  African  side 
of  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar,  and  found  it  in  fair  abund- 
ance about  6  miles  from  Tangier  intermixed  with 
Narcissus  serotinus.  I  also  found  several  hybrids 
between  N.  viridiflorus  and  N.  serotinus.  The  indi- 
viduals varied  very  much,  some  leaning  in  character 
towards  one  parent  and  some  towards  the  other,  one 
example  bring  as  nearly  as  possible  intermediate  in 
character  between  the  two  species.  George  Maw, 
F.L.S. 

Chrysanthemums  at  Worksop  Manor,  Notts. 
— When  visiting  the  above  gardens  in  company  with 
a  gardening  friend  the  other  day  we  were  shown  one 
of  the  finest  collections  of  Chrysanthemums  in  bloom 
I  may  safely  say  in  North  Notts.  About  150  varieties 
are  grown  of  the  most  approved  sorts,  with  several 
duplicates  of  proved  varieties,  as  specimen  or  large 
blooms  are  the  first  consideration  with  Mr.  Sutton 
(gr.  to  J.  J.  Cookson,  Esq.),  who  must  certainly  be 
congratulated  on  his  achievements  in  the  culture  of 
this  plant.  The  best  description  I  can  give  your 
readers  of  them  is  that  they  resemble  large  show 
Dahlias,  and  there  are  hundreds  of  them.  The  plants 
range  from  18  inches  to  7  feet  high,  fine  healthy 
plants,  and   are  arranged  in  one  of  the  large  vineries. 


Should  any  of  our  brothers  of  the  craft  be  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Worksop,  they,  like  me,  would  not 
regret  spending  an  hour  inspecting  this  collection  of 
Chrysanthemums.    J.  Jefferson,  Worksop. 

Convolvulus  mauiiianicus. — The  Mauritanian, 
or  North  African  Convolvulus,  by  many  taken  for  a 
Cimpanuh,  being  amongst  the  freest  flowering  of 
what  are  known  as  hardy  greenhouse  plants,  rarely 
receives  a  tithe  the  cultural  attention  it  so  well 
deserves.  Rarely  is  it  met  with  amidst  collections 
of  plants,  though  frequently  it  enlivens  by  its  beauti- 
ful light  blue  flowers  (so  abundantly  produced)  the 
window  of  the  cottage.  Blooming  during  the  summer 
months,  when  showy  pot-grown  plants  are  scarce,  it 
seems  to  have  double  claims  upon  growers.  The 
plant  strikes  very  readily,  and  may  be  propagated  by 
division,  occupying  very  little  attention  or  space 
during  the  winter  ;  it  makes  a  rapid  growth  each 
spring,  developing  into  a  rare  mass  of  bloom  ;  and 
where  grown  it  rarely  has  its  growing  capabilities 
pushed  beyond  what  48-sized  pots  are  capable  of 
producing  ;  whereas  if  24  or  16-sized  pots  were  filled 
with  it  the  result  would  prove  a  gorgeous  display, 
quite  unique  in  the  matter  of  colour,  habit,  and  floral 
wealth.  Convolvulus  mauritanicus  succeeds  well 
planted  out-of-doors  during  the  summer  months, 
potted  up  and  wintered  with  ordinary  cool  greenhouse 
plants.    William  Earley. 

Sonerilas. — Are    the  pretty  silvery-leaved  Son- 
crilas    to    be    relegated    to   the   group    of   neglected 
plants  ?     There  is  danger  of  this  fate  being  in  store 
for  them,  and  yet,  as  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  observes  in 
his  book  on  Choice  Sfoz'C  and  Greenhouse  Otnanienlal- 
leaved  Plants,  they  "  are  exceedingly  attractive  objects 
when  laden  with  their  bright-coloured  although  small 
flowers  ;  but   they  are  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of 
their  leaves,  heightened  by  their  charming  blossoms." 
That    Mr.    Williams  regards  them    as  plants  to  be 
grown    more   for   their  silvery  leaves  than    for  their 
flowers — pretty  as  they  are — is  shown  from  the  fact 
that  he  has  classed  the  Sonerilas  among   the  stove 
ornamental-leaved  rather  than  among  the  flowering 
plants.     It  was  about    1S54  that  Mr.  Thomas  Lobb 
sent  home  to   Messrs.  Veiich  &  Sons  from  India  the 
pearl-bearing  Sonerila  margaritacea ;    it   was   shown 
by  them  at  the  November  meeting  of  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural  Society  in   that    year,  and    ft  was   greatly 
admired  for  its  low  growth  and  free  branching  habit, 
forming   dense   tufts    of   foliage,   bearing    numerous 
flower-stems  of  bright  rose-coloured  flowers.     From 
this,  either  by  fertilisation   with  an  older  species  or 
simply  as  seedlings,  have  sprung  a  group  of  several 
forms,  and  these   I   saw   in   capital   condition  at   Mr. 
B.  S.  Williams'   nursery  at   Holloway  a   few   weeks 
ago— small,     but    charming     plants,    with    their  leaf 
character    beautifully    developed,    varying    both    in 
the    size    of    the    leaf    and    character    of    the    leaf 
marking.     They  were  growing  on  frames  in  a  stove- 
house,     and    appeared    to    be     luxuriating    in     the 
warmth     of     the     atmosphere     surroundirg     them. 
I   am  unabfe  to  give  the  order  in  which  the  diflferent 
varieties  appeared  in  point  of  time,  but   the  leading 
forms  at  Holloway  are  as  follows,  viz.  :- margaritacea 
with    medium  sized    leaves   of  a  dark  olive  colour, 
marked  with  greyish-white  oval  spots,  the  reverse  of 
the  leaves  rosy,  with  rosy  veins;  Hendersoni  argentea, 
small,  clear  silver  leaves,  with  rosy  midrib,  and  very 
slight  dark  green  veins  ;  Hendersoni  marmorata,  large 
leaved,  silvery,  having  veins  of  reddish  dark   green  ; 
Hendersoni    melallica,    large    leaved,    olive  -  green 
ground,  the  veins  having  side   spot;  and    blotches  of 
grey,    the   midrib    slightly    rose  ;    Madame    Legrelle, 
small  leaved,  shining  pale  grey  in  colour,   with  slight 
rosy-green  veins  ;  Rita,  the  olive-green   leaves  much 
spotted  with  small  dots  of  grey  especi.rlly  towards  the 
point,     medium    sized    leaves    inclining    small  ;    and 
argyrea,   the  small  grey  leaves  mottled   with   bright 
olive-green    towards    the    point  ;    the    veins   slightly 
rose.      Looking    upon    the     group     as     they     were 
growing     together     there     appeared     to     be     great 
diversity     of     character     in      size      and     marking, 
though  silvery-grey  predominated  in   all,    excepting 
margaritacea.     A  class  for  six  specimens  of  Sonerilas 
always  finds  a  place  in  the  schedule  of  prizes  offered 
at  the  great  Whitsun  show  at  Manchester,  large  and 
well  grown  specimens  being  produced.     Occasionally 
they  are  shown  in  flower,  when   the  Whitsun  season 
falls  later  than   usual  ;  but   when   not  in  bloom   the 
tufts  of    foliage    are    very   attractive.      The  leading 
exhibitor  is  Mr.  A.  Cole,  gr.  to  Joseph  Broome,  E-q.  [ 
Woodlawn,    Didsbury,    Manchester.     There   appears 
to  be  some  difficulty  in  growing  specimens  on  for  two 
or  three  years,  and  so  Mr.  Cole  finds  it  best  to  strike 
fresh  plants  every  year.      The  difficulty  appears  to  be 
in  keeping  the   plants  through   the  winter  after  they 
have   done    flowering.      Mr.    Cole  states   that    their 
natural  time  for  blooming  appears  to  be  in  November, 
and  as  Mr.  Broome  likes  best  to  have  them  in  flower 
at  that  season  of  the  year,  he  finds  it  the  best  plan  to 
throw  away  the  old  plants  and  start  afresh  with  new 
ones.     Therefore  he  propagates  every  year  by  means 
of  cuttings  several  of  each  form  that  he  grows,  and 


662 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[NOVEMUER   20,    lS86. 


pushes  ihem  on  freely  in  a  propagating  frame  in  a 
brisk  heat,  keeping  the  foliage  quite  dry,  taking  off 
the  lights  each  morning  to  dry  up  any  damp  that  may 
have  accumulated  and  settled  upon  the  foliage  during 
the  night.  By  keeping  these  young  plants  continually 
growing  and  not  allowing  them  to  flower,  they  grow 
very  freely,  and  make  much  finer  foliage  and  better 
marked  than  by  growing  them  without  the  use  of  the 
frame.  The  plants  are  kept  in  this  frame  until  about 
three  weeks  before  the  Whitfuniide  show,  when  they 
are  exposed  so  as  to  bear  the  temperature  of  the  large 
exhibition-house  in  the  Botanical  Garden?.  Mr.  Cole 
states  that  he  does  not  confine  himself  to  any  par- 
ticular soil,  but  generally  uses  a  mixture  of  light  fibry 
loam,  peat,  leaf-mould,  and  a  good  sprinkling  of 
coarse  sand,  keeping  the  plants  rather  dry  at  the 
roots.  R.  D. 

Senecio  macroglossus. — Two  or  three  years  ago 
a  correspondent  sent  me  cuttings  of  an  elegant  plant, 
the  leaves  and  habit  of  which  greatly  resembled  some 
varieties  of  Hedera,  especially  that  form  named  II. 
pedata  or  H,  caenwoodiana.  Though  the  leaves 
were  less  divided  the  resemblance  to  such  forms  of 
Ivy  was  very  remarkable  even  as  regards  thickness, 
colour,  and  the  white  vein^  the  above  forms  are 
known  to  posses?.  I  grew  and  bloomed  this  plant, 
and  find  it  to  be  identical  with  what  the  Americans 
name  Senecio  macroglossus,  the  flowers,  which  form 
upon  young  terminal  shoots  being  similar  in  shape  to 
the  single-flowered  Jessamine,  and  thiee  or  four  times 
their  size,  of  pale  yellow  and  also  white  colour.  I  do 
not  find  the  plant  catalogued  by  trade  growers,  though 
it  seems  a  very  desiiable  plant.  I  observe  it  occasion- 
ally called  "German  Ivy,"  though  certainly  not 
identical  with  the  latter,  a  plant  of  which  I  also 
possess.    W.  E, 

Dimorphism  in  Leaves. — Dimorphism  is  by  no 
means  of  uncommon  occurrence  especially  in  some 
oiders,  but  when  it  becomes  of  everyday  occurrence 
we  are  apt  to  overlook  the  fact  or  altogether  disregard 
it.  Cut  or  lobed  leaves,  as  mentioned  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Chronicle,  p.  471  of  the  present  volume,  in  the  case 
of  Morus  nigra  are  exceptional,  but  have  been  recorded 
by  Loudon.  Such  have  not  come  under  my  observa- 
tion but  in  M.  alba  and  some  of  its  varieties  there  is  a 
constant  and  well  marked  dimorphism  at  all  times 
whether  the  tree  has  been  subjected  to  severe  pruning 
or  not.  In  divided  leaves  the  ihree-lobed  is  the  com- 
monest form,  in  accordance  with  the  three  strong 
basal  nerves.  M,  a.  alpina  has'small  undivided  leaves, 
and  the  same  applies  to  M.  a.  var.  pumila  with  large 
leaves  ;  while  the  large-leaved  form,  M.  a.  Morettiana 
occasionally  exhibits  more  or  less  lobed  leaves.  On 
the  other  hand  a  variety  known  as  M.  a.  jiponica  has 
large,  habitually  much  divided  leaves,  exhibiting 
heart-shaped  undivided  ones  only  on  the  small  lateral 
branches.  Singularly  enough  in  the  specimen  I  have 
seen  of  M.  tatarica,  division  only  appears  occasionally 
towards  the  tips  of  the  exhausted  branches,  and  on 
slender  axillary  ones  where  the  leaves  are  also  con- 
siderably below  ihe  average  size.  This  is  con- 
trary to  the  usual  rule,  where  the  larger  leaves  are 
the  most  divided.  Broussonetia  papyrifera  belongs 
to  the  same  natural  group  as  Morus,  and  produces 
not  only  its  peculiar  and  characteristically  lobed 
leaves,  but  occasionally  heart-shaped,  undivided,  and 
other  intermediate  forms,  and  all  these,  it  may  be,  on 
the  same  branch.  The  Jack-fruit  tree,  Artocarpus 
integrifol  a,  claiming  affinity  with  the  above,  varies 
with  entire  or  lobed  leaves,  and  so  does  Dorstenia 
contrayerva,  more  rarely  Ficus  Carica.  A  more 
singular  instance  than  any  of  the  above,  because  less 
common,  occurs  sometimes  on  vigorous  or  rampant- 
growing  shoots  of  Ulmus  campestris.  This  also 
belongs  to  the  great  natural  family  Urticacece,  bearing 
its  familiar  unequal-sided  leaves.  A  small  leaflet 
sometimes  appears  on  the  part  where  the  blade  is 
normally  cut  away,  springing  from  the  midrib,  more 
or  less  distinctly  stalked,  and  practically  constituiirig 
the  leaf  a  compound  one,  with  a  large  and  a  small 
leaflet.  Dimorphism  is  also  of  frequent  occuirence 
in  the  Olive  family.  The  simple-leaved  form  of 
Fraxinus  excelsior,  grown  under  various  names,  pro- 
duces simple,  and  occasionally  tri-  and  quinque- 
foliate  leave?.  F.  rufa  may  be  cited  as  an  instance  of 
polymorphism,  or  heteromorphism.  Tbe  leaves  are 
mostly  simple,  and  merely  serrated,  or  variously 
incised.  Occasionally  a  pair  of  leaves  occurs  with 
three  leaflets,  while  of  another  pair  one  may  be  small 
and  simple,  while  its  companion  leaf  is  many  times 
the  size,  and  consisting  of  three  leaflets.  Several 
species  of  Jasminum  exhibit  dimorphism,  and  For- 
sythia  suspensa  very  frequently  produces  simple  and 
compound  leaves  of  three  leaflets  on  the  same  twig. 
Dimorphism  in  the  leaves  of  many  of  the  Legumino-ye 
is  well  known,  but  probably  frequently  overlooked  on 
account  of  its  frequency.  The  Gleditschias,  spoken 
of  at  p.  494  of  the  present  volume,  might  be  instanced 
as  a  case  of  heteromorphism.  Various  forms  of  leaves 
also  present  themselves  in  Acacia,  Lathyrus,  Ononis, 
and  other  genera.  On  vigorous  growing  and  barren 
shoots   of    Mespilus   Smithii   the  leaves  are   deeply 


incised,  sometimes  almost  trilobate,  while  those  on 
the  flowering  shoots  are  narrower,  and  merely  shal- 
lowly  serrated.  The  variability  of  the  leaves  is 
more  inexplicable  and  unexpected  when  it  appears 
in  such  genera  of  the  Caprifoliaceas  as  Symphori- 
carpos  and  Lonicera,  where  the  leaves  are  not  only 
undivided  as  a  rule,  but  have  very  entire  margins. 
On  vigorous  radical  shoots  of  S.  racemosus  the  leaves 
are  often  so  deeply  sinuated  that  some  botanists  have 
mistaken  the  plant  for  a  different  specie?.  The  nor- 
mally entire  leaves  of  Lonicera  periclymenum,  L. 
japoniza,  and  L.  brachypoda  are  sometimes  replaced, 
especially  in  the  latter,  by  sinuated  ones  resembling 
those  of  an  Oak.  Furthermore,  in  a  batch  of  young 
plants  of  Collinsia  bicolor  frequent  instances  occur  of 
deeply  ihree-Inbpd  leaves— a  remarkable  deviation 
from  the  normally  undivided  form.  J.  K 

Humea  elegans. — To  succeed  well,  this  peculiar 
fr.rm  of  the  natural  ordtr  Composiice,  mmed  a  ttr 
Lidy  Hume,  and  introduced  by  her  from  New  South 
Wales,  requires  more  than  slipshod  culture.  It  is  a 
biennial  plant  in  the  strictest  sense,  and  only  by  steady 
and  regular  attention  for  about  eighteen  months,  or 
between  the  time  the  first  seedlings  show  and  flower- 
spikes  are  forming,  can  examples  worthily  represent- 
ing the  sinpu'ar  beauty  of  this  solitary  species  be 
produced.  This  plant,  with  some  ottiers  introduced 
from  the  same  locality,  requires  very  similar  treatment 
to  what  New  Holland  plants  receive,  a  trea'ment 
consisting  of  uniformity  as  regards  temperate  waimth, 
and  care  in  supplying  a  moderate  amount  of  moibture 
to  the  roots.  Any  extremes  either  way  will  tell 
against  the  stature  and  beauty  of  the  future  specimens, 
and  if  it  does  not  disfigure  them  by  loss  of  leaves, 
and  from  a  peculiar  disease,  akin  to  what  has  been 
described  as  "  spot  "  in  connection  with  other  forms 
of  vegetation.  With  these  reservations  the  culture  of 
these  plants  may,  nevertheless,  be  described  as 
very  simple.  Seeds  should  be  sown  in  pans  or 
pots,  and  rich  fibrous  loam,  with  a  liberal  supply 
of  silver-sand,  and  placed  into  a  heat  of  not 
less  than  65^  about  the  first  week  in  the  month 
of  May.  So  soon  as  the  young  seedling  plants  are 
large  enough  transplant  them  singly  into  6o's  and 
similar  soil.  When  root  growth  is  renewed  keep  upon 
an  airy  shelf  in  full  sunshine,  giving  water  very  regu- 
larly. Give  another  small  shift  as  necessary,  at  all 
times  potting  somewhat  firmly.  PLice  the  young 
plants  out-of-doors  after  the  middle  of  June  upon  a 
properly  prepared  cinder-ash  bottom,  and  on  the 
most  favourable  site  that  can  be  found  as  regards  free 
air  and  sunshine.  Waterings  must  be  given  very 
regularly  as  needed.  Any  neglect  in  this  regard, 
especially  if  the  plants  suffer  from  the  want  of  water, 
will  cause  them  to  shed  some  of  their  lower  leaves 
when  housed  again  in  the  late  autumn,  and  fine  heads 
af  bloom  will  not  be  possible.  At  the  approach  of 
cold  weather  re-house  the  plants,  placing  them  in  an 
airy  light  position,  i.  r  such  as  will  suit  an  Epacris. 
Water  as  necessary  throughout  the  winter,  and  give 
a  final  shift  into  the  blooming  pots  during  the  month 
of  April  following.  The  size  of  pot  to  be  then  used 
must  depend  on  the  size  of  plants  and  their  healthful 
appearance,  in  the  matter  of  retention  of  all  their 
leaves,  &c.  Fine  healthy  leaves  are  an  unfailing  proof 
of  the  vigour  of  these  peculiar  plants  and  their 
capacity  to  make  even  better  progress  between  then 
and  the  full  blooming  period.    IT.  E. 

Leeks. — I  think  that  the  taste  for  Leeks  must  be 
growing  in  this  part  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  that 
the  people  of  England  are  beginning  to  appreciate  it 
as  much  ai  the  Scotchmen  and  Welshmen.  That 
it  is  a  good,  fine-flavoured,  wholesome  vege- 
table there  can  be  no  doubt.  It  is  said  that  "one 
reason  of  its  fanTe  in  Scotland  and  the  colder  parts  of 
Wales  is  its  exceeding  hardiness,  for  the  severest 
winters  do  not  barm  the  plant,  and  it  may  reirain  in 
the  open  ground  until  wanted,  occasioning  no  trouble 
for  storage."  One  mark  of  the  growth  of  the  Leek 
in  popularity  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  the  London 
market  gardeners  are  found  growing  it  much  more 
abundantly  during  the  past  few  years  thnn  they 
formerly  did.  Last  year,  owing  to  the  severe  drought 
of  the  summer,  the  Leek  crop  was  an  almost  entire 
failure  ;  the  growers  still  followed  the  old  plan  of 
growing  their  seeds  in  a  bed,  and  then  transplanting 
them  to  the  open  ground.  Just  as  this  had  been  done 
in  1SS5  a  long  spell  of  hot,  dry  weather  followed, 
the  plants  made  but  little  growth,  and  the 
crop  was  scarcely  worth  the  trouble  of  market- 
ing. Unless  Leeks  are  put  out  during  what  the 
market  gardeners  call  a  "dripping  time,"  they  are 
very  slow  in  getting  into  growth,  fur  it  is  a  suc- 
culent and  moisture-loving  plant.  During  the 
past  year — probably  in  consequence  of  having  pro- 
fited by  the  experience  of  the  previous  one— one 
of  the  largest  market  growers  of  Leeks  in  my  neigh- 
bourhood adopted  the  practice  of  sowing  the  seed  in  ■ 
the  open  ground  in  drills,  as  in  the  case  of  Onions, 
thinning  out  the  rows  as  soon  as  the  plants  were  large 
enough,  and  putting  them  out  in  a  plantation  near  at 
hand.     What  a  change  from  last  season  is  witnessed 


this  ?  Now  there  are  plenty  of  L-eks  ;  and  such 
Leeks  too  !  I  saw  a  labourer  digging  them  up  the 
other  day— very  large,  thick,  fleshy  plan's,  that  are 
gathered  up  by  women,  trimmed  and  washed,  and 
sent  to  market.  The  one  sowing  in  the  open  has 
produced  successive  crops — first  the  plants  that  have 
remained  undisturbed  in  the  soil  ;  secondly,  ihe 
thinnings  of  the  lines  that  were  transplanted.  The 
ground  in  which  they  have  been  growing  is  somewhat 
light  and  stony,  but  htavily  manured,  and  a  very 
valuable  crop  has  resulted.  I  suppose  there  is  a 
kind  of  prejadice  against  Leeks,  for  they  are  not 
often  seen  in  private  gardens  in  anything  like  quantity, 
and  yet  when  properly  cooked  and  served  up  with 
appropriate  gravy  they  make  a  delicious  di^h.  It  is 
recommended,  in  order  to  grow  fine  roots  or  Leeks, 
that,  when  the  ground  ii  strong  and  fertile,  they 
be  planted  out  quite  a  foot  apart  ;  that  in  planting 
the  leaves  should  be  shortened  a  little — only  a  little, 
then  the  dibber  should  be  driven  down  deep  enough 
to  bury  the  plant  to  the  base  of  the  leaves,  pressing 
the  soil  genly  about  the  root.  Liberal  waterings  are 
necessary  as  required  ;  the  ground  should  be  occasion- 
ally stirred  between  the  plants,  and  the  tops  of  the 
leaves  again  shortened.  Treated  in  this  way  very  fi.^e 
Leeks  are  produced.   D^ 


0f   ^.arkiks. 


STOKE   NEWINGTON   and  HIGHBURY  : 

November  4  and  5. 

For  Plants,— This  show  was  held  in  the  hall  f>f 
the  Highbury  Athenaeum  on  the  above  dates.  It 
suffered  somewhat  because  of  its  ircapacity  to  fill  the 
large  area  saliifactorily.  Generally  the  exhibits  were 
good — in  some  cases  specially  so  ;  specimen  plants 
being  generally  excellent,  whilst  the  nine  semi- 
pyramid  trained  plants  from  Mr,  Monk  were  far 
better  than  are  usua'Iy  seen.  One  of  the  most  in- 
teresting features  of  the  show  was  a  collection  of  cut 
flowers,  comprising  incurved,  Japanese,  and  pompo.n 
Chrysanthemums,  chiefly  from  the  open  ground,  and 
bouquet.  Cactus,  and  single  Daliisfrom  Mr.  T.  S. 
Ware,  Tottenham.  It  is,  indeed,  a  rare  circum- 
stance thus  to  £ee  Dahlia  bl  joms  shown  in  such 
quantity  and  beauty  on  November  4,  and  well  illus- 
trated the  mildness  of  the  autumn.  All  the  best 
single  and  Cactus  form.;  were  well  represented,  while 
the  bouquet  kinds  seemed  as  good  as  at  any  tirrie. 
The  Chrysanthemums  included  many  fir.^I-rate  sorts. 

Mr.  Cochrane  sent  from  Finsbury  Park  a  couple  of 
flat  trained  Chrysanthemum  plants,  somewhat  cocked- 
hat  in  shape,  about  4  feet  across  at  the  ba-e  and 
3  feet  high— one  Mrs.  Dixon  and  the  other  G.  Glenny 
■  -with  some  blooms  of  Mrs.  G.  Rundle  showing  at  the 
top  in  each  case  ;  these  are  screen  or  fireplace  plants, 
and  very  effective.  Mr.  Cochrane  also  sent  some 
good  cut  blooms. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Chard,  of  Stoke  Newington,  dressed  the 
large  platform  with  Urge  Palms  and  groups  0:  Chry- 
santhemums. 

Only  two  groups  of  Chrysanthemums  competed — 
the  best,  from  Mr.  Willey,  Highgaie  Cemetery,  waia 
first-rate  lot  of  plants,  finely  bloomed,  and  not 
crowded;  they  ranged  from  S  feet  high  behind  down 
to  2  feet  in  front,  with  a  run  of  10  feet  slope,  and  the 
dwarf  plants  carrying  very  fine  single  blooms  of  EUire, 
Mad.  Licroix,  and  others  were  just  what  should  be 
seen  in  the  facing  of  all  similar  group?.  Mr.  Osborne, 
gr.  to  A.  Larkin,  Esq.,  Highbury,  had  the  oih;r 
group. 

Id  the  class  for  nine  trained  plants  the  lot  from 
Mr.  Monk,  gr.  to  W.  Fowler,  E?q.,  Leylonstone,  was 
unexceptionally  good,  the  exhibits  consisting  of  semi- 
pyramids  ranging  from  3  to  4  feet  in  height,  propor- 
tionately broad,  and  grandly  flowered.  Dr.  Sharpe 
had  some  150  blooms,  all  good  ;  Prince  of  Wales, 
Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  G.  Glenny,  Lady  Hardinge,  and 
Chevalier  Domage  of  solid  flowered  kinds  ;  and 
Elaine,  Madame  de  Sevin,  and  Cossack,  Japanese. 
Mr.  Bass,  gr.  to  Miss  Cotton,  Leytonstone,  came  2d  ; 
and  Mr.  Davey.  gr  to  C,  C.  Paine,  E  q.,  S:amfotd 
Hill,  was  3d.  B-tth  these  lots  were  of  the  same  style 
of  growth  and  well  bloomed,  but  lacked  the  fine 
quality  found  in  the  1st  lot. 

The  best  four  trained  plants  came  from  Mr.  Gilbey, 
gr.  to  B.  Booth,  Esq.,  Clapton. 

Standard  plants  were  alio  excellent,  some  excep- 
tionally so,  the  heads  being  masses  of  bloom.  Mr. 
Gilbey  was  1st. 

Standard  pompons  were  good,  also  such  kinds  as 
Mrs.  Bayley,  Marie  Stuart,  Sunset,  Soeur  Melaine, 
and  Fanny  being  finely  bloomed.  Mr.  Gilbey  was 
again  1st  here. 

Classes  for  foliaged  plants,  Ferns,  and  table  plants 
brought  fair  competition,  especially  in  the' latter  clis-;. 
Mr.  Challis,  gr.  to  H.  Dare,  E-^q.,  Park  Lane,  had 
the  best  foliage  plants,  chiefly  Palms;  and  the  best 
Ferns,   whilst  Mr,   Gilbey  took    1st  place  with  neat 


November  20,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


663 


medium-sized  table  plants,   Mr.  Chard  coming  next 
with  others  almost  as  excellent. 

Cut  Blooms. 

The  chief  class  was  that  for  thirty-six  incurved 
flowers,  only  two  lots  competing,  the  best  coming 
from  Mr.  Bettsworth,  gr.  to  R.  Ewiog,  E>q,,  Ches- 
hunt,  ;  the  flowers  were  of  average  quality,  some  being 
fair  and  others  moderately  so. 

There  was  no  competition  in  the  class  for  twenfy- 
four  blooms,  and  but  three  lots  of  twelve  blooms,  the 
best  flowers  here  bein^r  Prince  Imperial,  Piince  Alfred, 
Prince  of  Wales,  Refulgence,  Mrs.  Heale,  Abbd 
Passaglia,  Nil  Dcsperandum,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Lord 
Wolsley,  and  Golden  Empress.     Mr.  Monk  was  1st. 

Messrs.  Davey,  Osborne,  and  Saunders,  took  the 
prizes  in  the  class  for  six  blooms. 

Some  very  good  Anemone-flowered  kinds  came 
from  Mr.  Osborne,  including  several  of  the  Japanese 
forms  with  their  long  florets. 

Pompons  in  bunches  were  rather  small.  O.i  the 
other  hand  Japanese  flowers  were  good. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms  one  stand  had 
the  flowers  elevated  on  tubes  quite  6  inches  above  the 
stand;  this  gave  to  the  other  flowers  a  disadvantageous 
appearance.  Certainly  schedules  should  insist  upon 
some  uniformity  in  relation  to  height  of  flowers,  as  well 
as  to  dimensions  of  stands. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  the  competition  was 
larger.  Mr.  Smith  coming  1st.  The  best  flowers 
here  were  very  meritorious. 

One  of  the  best  lots  of  blooms  in  the  show  was  a 
dozen  of  incurved  shown  in  an  amateur's  class  by  Mr. 
Bingham,  Stoke  Newington.  They  were  clean,  solid, 
and  capi'.ally  finished. 

The  best  stand  for  dinner-table,  of  Chryanthemum 
blooms,  a  very  telling  arrangement,  came  from  Mi. 
Clarke,  gr.  to  W.  Brand,  E^q.,  Wanstead  Park.  Mr. 
Clarke  also  was  1st  in  the  bouquet  class  with  one  of 
pure  white  blooms  ;  Mr.  Chard  being  2d,  with  a 
much  larger  arrangement. 

The  vases  holding  twelve  blooms  on  long  stem? 
were  good.  Japanese  blooms  filling  the  1st  prize  one — 
from  Mr.  Junes  ;  and  Mr.  Clarke  came  close  with  the 
2d  vase. 


NORTH    OF    SCOTLAND    ROOT 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  this  A-^sociation  was 
held  on  Saturday,  the  6th  inst.,  at  Inverurie,  near 
Aberdeen,  From  various  causes  the  total  entries  were 
not  so  large  as  they  have  been  for  the  last  few  years, 
but  the  quality  all  over  was  remarkably  good.  The 
entries  numbered  774,  as  compared  with  854  last 
year,  a  falling  off  of  eighty.  The  deficiency  was 
partly  accounted  for  by  a  new  rule  introduced  into 
the  Association,  which  restricts  members  to  two 
entries  in  each  class. 

It  would  appear,  too,  that  the  Turnip  crop  is  not 
proving  to  be  the  success  that  was  at  one  time  pre- 
dicted, and  that  Swedes,  in  particular,  have  not 
bulbed  well.  The  display  of  Swedish  Turnips  was, 
therefore,  not  so  good  as  in  some  former  years,  and 
not  a  few  of  those  who  intended  to  compete  failed 
to  put  in  an  appearance,  the  result  of  their  examina- 
tion of  the  crop  being  probably  unsatisfactory. 

The  season  has  been  reckoned  a  good  one  for 
Polatos,  and  there  appears  to  be  very  little  signs  of 
disease.  Exhibitors  at  this  show  have  paid  so  much 
attention  to  the  cultivation  of  Potatos,  and  their 
success  has  been  so  great,  that  they  do  not  expect  to 
be  able  to  make  very  great  improvements  on  the 
different  varieties  now.  At  any  rate  the  exhibition 
ol  Saturday  was  said  to  be  in  respect  of  the  quality, 
though  the  entries  were  slightly  back,  as  fine  as  any 
of  the  previous  shows.  Field-grown  Potatos  were 
exceedingly  fine,  particularly  the  kidney  varieties, 
Grampians,  and  the  collections  in  the  department  for 
garden  Polatos.  Anything  nearer  perfection  than 
Mr.  Moir's  plate  of  the  Snowdrop  variety  could  not 
be  looked  for.  It  is  said  that  among  the  exhibitors 
who  patronise  the  Association's  show  the  favourite 
Potato?,  after  the  test  of  several  years'  experi- 
ments, are  Yorkshire  Hero,  Bountiful,  Dalmahoys, 
and  Glenbervies  ;  while  for  field  produce  the  Gram- 
pians can  hardly  be  beaten  amongst  coloured  varieties. 
It  is  about  eleven  years  since  it  was  first  introduced 
here,  and  it  has  proved  an  excellent  Potato  for 
general  use.  The  Champion  Potato  takes  a  leading 
place  in  Potato-growing  districts,  and  in  a  season 
when  disease  is  prevalent  it  is  nearly  indispensable. 
There  was  a  fine  display  of  these  and  also  of  Donald- 
son's Victoria  alba,  which  since  it  made  its  appear- 
ance has  taken  a  pretty  strong  hold  in  Aberdeenshire. 
Mr.  Greig,  Inchgarlh,  exhibited  several  lots  of  seed- 
lings, to  which  the  judges  awarded  ist  prizes  in  their 
respective  classes.  Vegetables  were  well  shown. 
The  display  of  fruit  was  meagre,  the  entries  being 
only  about  one-half  when  compared  with  last  year. 
The  cold  weather  which  prevailed  during  May  and 
June  spoiled  the  crop,  and  taking  this  into  account 
ihe  quality  was  very  good. 

The  splendid  collections  sent  forward  for  exhibition 


by  Messrs.  Ben.  Reid  iS:  Co.,  and  Messrs.  W.  Smith 
&  Son,  Aberdeen,  were  a  source  of  great  attraction 
to  the  many  visitors  present.  They  excelled  any  of 
the  kind  ever  seen  at  the  Association  shows,  occupy- 
ing one  whole  side  of  the  hall.  The  first-named  firm 
exhibited  a  large  and  splendid  collection  of  Potato?, 
including  all  old  well  known  sorts  along  with  those 
of  recent  introduction.  Splendid  examples  of  the 
following  sorts  were  shown  :— Clarke's  White  Forty- 
fold — said  to  be  one  of  the  heaviest  croppers  yet  in- 
troduced, the  firm  having  Lfied  15  tons  per  acre  as 
ihe  produce  from  the  ab jve  variety  ;  Ingliston  Fluke, 
Cromwell,  Rosebery,  Gladstone,  Keith  Hall.  Village 
Blacksmith,  &c.,  ;  Fyvie  Flo-ver,  a  new  kidney 
variety  raised  by  Mr,  Farqihar,  to  be  sent  out  in 
spring  by  Messrs.  Ben.  Keid  &  Co.  for  the  first  time, 
was  shown  in  fine  condition,  and  is  likely  to  prove  a 
great  acquisition.  This  variety  obtained  the  First- 
class  Certificate  at  Chiswick  out  of  loo  varletise  tritd 
against  ir.  A  fine  lot  of  vegetables  were  a'so  exhibited. 

Messrs.  W.  Smith  &  Son  exhibited  a  fine  collection 
of  Potatos,  over  lOD  varietif?,  all  correctly  named, 
including  several  not  yet  in  commerce,  viz.,  Bon 
Accord,  Sims'  Improved  Glenbervie,  Turnerhall  Seed- 
ling, California  or  Gold-leaved,  &c.  ;  they  also  showed 
an'  excellent  lot  of  Sittyton  Prize  Green-top  Yellow 
Turnips,  ori^iinally  sent  out  by  this  firm. 

Ttie  weather  during  the  day  was  cold  and  showery, 
but  there  was  a  lar^e  attendance  of  visitors,    W.K. 


SOUTHAMPTON  CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 
November  9  and  10. 
As  usual,  the  Victoria  Skating  Rink  was  the  scene 
of  the  annual  exhibition,  of  which  Chrysanthemums 
form  the  chief  part.  An  excellent  exhibition  it  was, 
comprising  a  great  variety  of  gardening  productions. 
Trained  plants  of  Chrysanthemums  were  very  fine 
indeed,  the  groups  of  the  plants  were  good,  and  cut 
blooms  were  staged  in  large  numbers  ;  in  the  winning 
stands  the  quality  was  first  rate,  when  we  consider 
that  the  weather  has  not  been  of  the  best  for  the 
best  for  the  development  and  safe  keeping  of  the 
expanded  blooms,  owing  to  the  number  of  wet  days 
recently  experienced.  Fruit  was  shown  in  capital 
condition— Applrfs,  Pears,  and  Grapes;  while  vege- 
tables were,  as  they  always  are,  of  the  highest  merit. 
At  shows  of  this  Society  we  always  expect  to  see  the 
same  excellent  arrangemenis,  the  committee,  with 
Captain  Gibbs  as  chairman,  and  Mr.  Fuidge  as 
secretary,  having  regulated  everything  so  well  that 
the  meeting  passed  off  withuut  hitch  of  any  kind. 

Plants  in  Pots. 

For  the  best  collection  of  Chrysanthemums 
arranged  in  a  space  S  feet  by  5  feet  Mr.  Allen,  gr.  to 
J.  Bailey,  Esq  ,  Elmfield  Udl,  Southampton,  was  1st ; 
his  plants  were  dwarf,  with  good  flowers  of  both 
Japanese  and  incurved  varieties. 

For  the  best  six  plants,  incurved  or  reflexed,  Mr. 
W.  Joy,  nurseryman,  Shirley,  Southamptin,  was  an 
easy  1st  ;  his  plants  were  large,  evenly  trained,  and 
freely  flowered.  Mr.  Wills  was  2J,  with  good  plants, 
although  smaller  in  size. 

Mr.  Joy  also  supplied  the  best  six  specimens  of 
Japanese,  with  plants  5  to  6  feet  in  diameter,  each 
one  carrying  about  150  blooms  of  good  quality — 
Bouquet  Fail  and  Peter  the  Great  were  the  best. 

With  single  specimens  of  both  Japanese  and 
incurved,  the  same  places  were  occupied  by  these  two 
exhibitors,  the  former  staging  a  grand  plant  of  Lady 
Selborne,  while  Mr.  Wills  relied  upon  Hivcr  Fleur, 
which  was  in  capital  condition. 

Cut  Blooms, 

The  principal  class  was  that  for  sixteen  incurved  or 
reflexed  and  eight  Japanese.  This  brought  six  com- 
petitor?. Mr.  Wildsmith,  gr.  to  Lord  Eversley,  Heck- 
field,  Winchtield,  was  1st  ;  his  incurved  were  large, 
solid,  and  of  neat  finish,  while  the  Japanese  were  full 
and  fresh,  the  best  of  these  being  Madame  C. 
Audiguier.  Maiden's  Blush,  and  Madame  Laing.  The 
bsst  among  the  incurved  wa^  Golden  Empress,  Queen 
of  England,  leanne  d'Arc,  and  Princess  of  Wales,  very 
fine;  Mr.  Wills  was  2i  with  an  even  clean  lot,  not 
quite  so  weighty  as  the  others.  His  best  were  Bar- 
bara, Val  d'Andorre.  and  ^L  Burnet. 

For  twenty-four  blooms,  not  less  than  eighteen 
varieties,  Mr.  J.  Allen  was  1st,  with  large  blooms, 
some  of  them  a  trifle  too  coarse— J.  D^laux,  Japonaise, 
Lord  Alcester,  and  Queen  of  England  as  the  best. 

Mr.  Wildsmith  repeated  his  previous  success  by 
taking  Ist  prize  for  twelve  incurved  blooms  with 
varieties  similar  in  character  and  quality  to  those  in 
his  leading  stand. 

Mr.  Ward,  Longford  Castle,  turned  the  tables  on 
his  former  opponents  by  taking  1st  for  twelve  Japanese 
varieties,  with  great  solid  flowers,  Triomphe  de  la 
Rue  Chatelats  and  Val  d'Andorre  being  the  best. 

Anemone-flowered  varieties  were  capitally  staged 
by  Mr.  C.  Penford,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  FilzWigram,  Leigh 
Park,  Havant,  who  won  the  1st  prize,  his  best  being 
Empress,  Lady  Margaret,  and  M.  Bertha  Pigoy. 


Mr.  Allen  was  the  winner  in  the  class  for  reflexed 
flowers,  twelve  in  eight  varieties  ;  his  stand  contain- 
ing many  excellent  blooms. 

Mr.  Neville  staged  the  best  pompons,  which  were 
well  deserving  of  the  award. 

Mr.  Carter,  St.  Danys,  took  the  Ist  prize  among 
the  amateurs  with  good  specimens. 

Miscellaneous  Plants. 

Mr.  Osborne,  gr.  to  J.  Buchan,  Esq  ,  Wilton 
House,  Southampton,  gained  the  1st  prize  for  a  col- 
lection of  Orchids,  staging  a  neat  group  of  admirably 
grown  plants,  the  best  of  which  were  Dendrobium 
formosum,  Oncidium  divaricatum,  Catileya  maxima, 
and  Calanthes  of  various  species  ;  Mr.  Molyneux, 
Swanmore  Park,  Bishop's  Waltham,  had  the  best 
nine  table  plants,  Mr.  J.  Reynolds  exhibited  the  best 
collection  of  Primulas,  and  Mr.  Budd  the  best 
Cyclamens. 

Fruit. 

For  three  distinct  varieties  of  Grapes,  one  bunch  of 
each,  Mr.  T.  Hall,  gr.  to  Captain  Davidson,  South 
Stoneham  House,  Southampton,  was  ist  for  Alicante, 
1-^rge  in  bunch,  berry,  and  colour  quite  first-rate  ; 
Black  Barbarossa,  good  bunch,  the  berries  small,  but 
of  capital  finish  ;  the  other  bunch  was  one  of  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  plumy,  and  of  good  quality.  Mr. 
Molyneux  followed  closely,  his  bunch  of  Birbarossa, 
weighing  from  5  to  6  lb.,  large  in  berry,  and  fine  in 
colour,  was  all  that  could  be  desired  ;  the  Black 
Alicante  was  of  good  shape  and  finish,  while  that  of 
Trebbiano  waslikewise  fine  in  every  point.  3d  place 
was  occ:upied  by  Mr.  C.  Warden,  gr.  to  Sir  F.  Bath- 
urst,  Clarendon  Park,  Salisbury,  who  staged  good 
hunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Gros  Colmar,  and 
Black  Alicante. 

For  three  bunches  of  Black  Grapes,  Mr.  Molyneux 
wa;  distinctly  ahead  with  Biroarossa,  each  weighing 
from  5  to  6  lb.,  large  in  berry,  and  thoroughly 
coloured  ;  Mr.  Hill  followed  with  Alicante,  large  in 
bunch,  finely  coloured,  but  the  berries  were  rather 
small  ;  3d,  Mr.  Ward,  with  Mrs.  Pince. 

The  best  three  bunches  of  white  Grapes  were  staged 
by  Mr.  Ctialk,  gr.  to  l\.  Read,  Esq.,  Westwood. 
Wilton  Road,  Salisbury,  which  were  very  fine  in 
every  respect,  as  were  also  the  bunches  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  which  he  put  up. 

For  two  bunches  of  bia:k  Grape"!,  Mr.  Penford 
supotied  the  best,  fine  examples  of  Alicante  ;  2d,  Mr. 
C.  Warden,  very  fine  in  quality,  although  smaller  than 
the  preceding.  The  heaviest  bunch  was  Baibarossa, 
S  lb.,  belonging  to  Mr.  Ward;  while  Mr.  Molyneux 
ran  this  very  close  with  the  same  varitty,  only  i  oz. 
less  in  weight. 

Mr.  Wildsmith  staged  the  best  Pine,  a  fairly  good 
specimen. 

Mr.  Sanders  was  an  easy  1st  for  four  dishes  of 
Pears  with  extremely  large  specimens — Pitmaiton 
Duchess,  General  Todtleben,  and  Uvedale's  S'. 
Germain. 

LAMBETH    AMATEUR    CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM :     November  8,  9,  and   10. 

This  prosperous  Society  held  its  twelfth  exhibition 
on  the  above  date,  at  the  Bridge  House  Hotel,  Lon- 
don Bridge,  S.E.  A  very  good  display  of  both 
blooms  and  plants  was  made,  and  especially  so  when 
it  is  remembered  that  the  exhibits  must  be  grown 
within  a  radius  of  I^  mile  from  the  "Elephant  and 
Castle,"  Newington.  Among  the  cut  blooms  the 
Japanese  varieties  were  best  shown,  though  the 
incurved  forms  were  not  far  behind  in  merit. 

Plants  in  Pots. 

There  were  three  large  groups  {So  square  feet)  of 
Chrysanthemums  in  pots,  the  finest  being  that  of  Mr. 
J.  A.  Howett.  The  incurved  varieties,  which  were 
most  numerous,  were  well  shown,  the  large  even 
blooms  being  such  as  might  well  be  staqed  at  more 
pretentious  shows.  Mrs.  Dixon,  Mrs.  Rundle,  and 
George  Glenny,  were  especially  noticeable.  Mi. 
lladdon's  group  was  2d,  with  large  numbers  of  well- 
flowered  Japanese  varieties. 

Mr.  Williams  received  the  1st  prize  in  the  class  for 
six  standards  ;  the  plants  were  nicely  trained  and  well 
flowered.  This  lot  also  received  the  Silver  Cup 
offered  for  the  best  six  trained  plants  in  the  show.  He 
was  also  ist  with  three  dissimilar  standard  plants. 

Standard  pompons  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  H. 
Ellis  ;  the  flowers  here  were  very  beautiful  and  clear ; 
a  very  close  2d  was  Mr.  Davison,  while  the  best 
untrained  specimens  were  from  Mr.  J.  A.  Howett  ; 
his  plants  were  massive,  with  good  bright  flowers. 
The  dwarf  pompons  of  Mr.  H.  Ellis,  who  was 
awarded  the  Ist  prize  for  them,  were  very  good 
plants,  of  fine  size. 

A  nicely  arranged  group  of  well  grown  plants  was 
that  of  ^lr.  Wibley.  This  was  not  for  competition, 
and  comprised,  amongst  others,  good  plants  of  various 
Palms,  Dracaenas,  &c,,  and  a  few  Chrysanthemums, 
which  added  to  its  elegance, 


664 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[November  20.  i8 


Cut  Flowers. 

The  Japanese  forms,  as  previously  stated,  were  the 
best.  In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms,  dissimilar,  Mr. 
T.  Childs  was  awarded  the  premier  award  ;  he  had 
very  fine  blooms  of  Grandiflorum,  Gloriosum,  La 
Triomphe,  Madame  C.  Aiidiguier,  and  Fair  Maid  of 
Guernsey  :  the  whole  lot  were  very  fine  and  fully 
deserved  the  award.  Mr.  H.  Ellis  vfas  a  close  2d. 
The  Cossack,  Le  Chinois,  and  Val  d'Andorre  being 
the  finest  forms. 

For  twelve  incurved  there  was  a  good  competition 
the  premier  award  going  to  Mr.  Haddon  for  a  credit- 
able collection,  the  best  varieties  were  Prince  AWred, 
Nil  Desperandum,  Golden  Beverley,  White  ditto,  and 
Guernsey  Nugget.  Mr.  J.  A.  Ho*ett  was  a  close 
2d  with  smaller  flowers. 

The  first  twelve  Anemone-flowered  Chrysanthe- 
mums were  from  Mr.  Clarke;  all  were  finely  grown 
and  clean— Fleur  de  Marie,  Gliick,  Acquisition, 
being  very  fine.  The  chief  prizes  in  other  classes 
were  also  taken  by  the  above-named  exhibitors 


Alexandria,   and  Gros  Guillaume  Grapes,   including 
one  of  the  latter  over  8  lb.,   together  with  several 

dishes  of  Apples,  Pears,  &c. 

Mr.  Warden  staged  (also  not  for  competition)  four 
creditable  bunches  of  Grapes,  including  Muscats,  Gros 
Colmar,  and  Black  Alicanles  ;  and  Mr.  William 
Marlow  showed  a  good  Orange  tree  heavily  laden 
with  golden  fruit. 

Apples  and  Pears  were  shown  well,  both  dessert 
and  culinary  kinds,  the  prizes  going  to  local  exhi- 
bitors. 

Tastefully  arranged  bouquets  of  various  patterns 
were  shown  in  numbers  and  elicited  much  admira- 
tion. 


WILTS     HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S 

CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOW: 

November  11  and  12. 

As  the  result  of  letters  written  to  the  Salisbury 
papers  by  Dr.  F.  W.  Coates  and  a  gardener  in  the 
neighbourhood  a  few  weeks  ago,  a  successful  exhi- 
bition of  Chrysanthemums  and  fruit  was  held  in  the 
Council  Chamber,  Salisbury,  on  the  above  dates,  and, 
notwithstanding  the  unfavourable  weather,  was  well 
attended. 

Messrs.  Keynes  &  Williams,  of  the  Castle  Street 
Nurseries,  made  a  fine  display  of  fresh,  well  flowered 
plants  of  Chrysanthemums  in  the  entrance  hall,  in 
which  two  well  grown  specimens  of  Araucaria  excelsa, 
staged  by  the  same  firm,  were  very  effective. 
Messrs.  Brittain  &  .Son,  of  the  Waterloo  Nursery, 
Salisbury,  had  two  good  and  efifectively  arranged 
groups  of  Chrysanthemums  in  the  banqueting-room, 
but,  like  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.'s  collection, 
not  for  competition. 

Groups. 

There  were  two  classes  provided  for  these  in  the 
schedule— one  to  consist  chiefly  of  Chrysanthemums 
in  pots,  and  the  other  group  to  be  composed  of  mis- 
cellaneous plants,  and  these  {eleven  in  all)  were 
admirably  arranged.  In  the  former  class  Dr.  F.  W. 
Coates  was  1st,  with  a  very  good  arrangement  of  well 
grown  plants,  the  flowers  of  which  were  large,  fresh, 
and  substantial. 

Mr.  E.  L.  Brown,  Portland  Place,  Salisbury,  had 
the  best  group  of  miscellaneous  plants ;  Mr.  John 
Curry,  gr.  to  Colonel  Pepper,  Elm  Grove,  Salisbury, 
was  2d  :  this  group  would  have  been  better  had  there 
been  fewer  plants  in  it. 

Cut  Blooms. 

Seven  classes  were  provided  for  these  in  the 
schedule,  and,  though  the  competition  was  not  keen, 
many  beautiful  blooms  were  shown,  including  several 
stands  of  winners  from  the  Southampton  show. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms  Mr.  H.  W. 
Ward,  gr.  to  the  Right  Mon,  the  Earl  of  Radnor, 
Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  was  1st  with  a  good  even 
fresh  lot  ol  blooms  of  fine  kinds  ;  Mr.  C.  Warden,  gr. 
to  Sir  F.  li.  Bathurtt,  Bart.,  Clarendon  Park,  Salis- 
bury, was  a  good  2d,  the  kinds  chosen  being  similar 
to  those  in  the  winning  stand. 

Mr.  Ward  was  1st  lor  twelve  incurved  blooms,  as 
he  also  was  for  six  blooms  incurved.  Mr.  W^ard  was 
again  1st  with  a  good  stand  of  twelve  Japanese  of 
the  most  approved  varieties.  Mr.  Ward  had  the 
best  six  blooms  of  Japanese,  and  Mr.  G.  Marlow 
the  second  be=t.  Mr.  Ward  was  also  1st  for  six 
blooms  of  reflexed,  and  for  six  Anemone-flowered 
blooms,  showing  good  all-round  blooms  in  the  seven 
classes. 

Fruit. 

This  was  shown  in  the  grand  jury  room.  Mr. 
Ward  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  a  collection  of  six 
kinds  of  fruit,  and  he  was  awarded  ist  prize  for  a 
good  even  lot,  consisting  of  Queen  Pine,  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  and  Mrs.  Pince's  Black  Muscat  Grapes, 
a  highly-coloured  and  nicely  netted  fruit  of  Longford 
Perfection  Melon,  Cox's  Pomona  Apple,  and  Chau- 
montel  Pear. 

Grapes. — Mr.  Warden  was  Ist  out  of  three  com- 
petitors for  two  bunches  of  Black  Alicante,  showing 
compact,  well-finished  bunches. 

Mr.  E.  L.  Brown  was  1st  for  any  other  black 
variety,  with  good  examples  of  Gros  Colmar  ;  Mr. 
Ward  being  2d,  with  Gros  Guillaume. 

Out  of  three  lots  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Mr. 
Warden  was  a  good  Ist. 

Mr.  Ward  was  a  good  1st  for  any  other  white  than 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  with  two  fine  bunches  of 
Trebbiana. 

The  last-named  exhibitor  staged  (not  for  competi- 
tion) several  large  bunches  of  Mrs.  Pince's  Muscat  of 


EDINBURGH  BOTANICAL:  November  11. 

The  Society  met  this  evening  at  5,  S'.  Andrew 
Square,  Professor  Dickson,  President,  in  the  chair. 

During  private  business  ^Miss  K.  A.  Ormerod, 
Dunster  Lodge,  Isleworth  ;  and  Miss  C.  Owen, 
KnockmuUen,  Gorey,  Ireland,  were  elected  Asso- 
ciates. 

The  following  office-bearers  were  elected  for  the 
session  18S6-S7  :  — 

President  :  Professor  Dickson,  M.D.,  LL  D., 
F.R.S.E. 

Vice-Presidents  :  Alex.  Buchan,  M  A  .  F  R.S  E.  ; 
Hugh  Cleghorn,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  F.RS.E.  ;  Robert 
Lindsay,  Rev.  John  Macmurtrie,  M.A. 

Councillors  :  Symington  Grieve,  Andrew  Taylor, 
F.C.S.  ;  William  Sanderson,  Rev.  J.  M.  Robertson, 
M.A,  ;  William  Watson,  M.D.  ;  Robert  Gray, 
F.R.S  E.  ;  William  Craig,  M.D,  F.RS.E.; 
F.R.C.S.E.  ;  William  B.  Boyd,  of  Faldonside ; 
Thomas  A.G.  Balfour,  M.D.,  F.R.S.E.,  F.R.C.P.E.  ; 
Malcoimn  Dunn,  Dalkeith  Palace  Gardens. 

Honorary  Secretary  :  Professor  Sir  Douglas  Mac- 
lagan,  M.D  ,  LL.D. 

Honorary  Curator  :  the  Professor  of  Botany. 

Foreign  Secretary:  Andrew  P.  Aitken,  M.A., 
D.Sc,  F.R  S  E. 

Treasurer  :  Patrick  Neil  Fraser. 

Assista.-t  S'^cretary  :  John  M.  Macfarlane,  D.Sc, 
F.R.S.E. 

The  following  communications  were  read  ; — 

1.  "  Notes  on  Three  Rare  Welsh  Plants,"  illus- 
trated by  specimens.  By  A.  D.  Webster,  Llandegai, 
Penrhyn,  The  plants  in  question  were  Lloydia 
serotina  (Reichb.),  Cotoneaster  vulgaris,  and  Potamo- 
geton  Grifiithii. 

2.  "  On  Australian  and  New  Zealand  Plants 
growing  in  Arran,  with  supplement  in  regard  to  West 
of  Scotland."  By  Rev.  P.  Landsborough,  Kil- 
marnock. 

3.  "On  a  supposed  New  British  Sagina."  By  Dr. 
F.  Buchanan  White.  This  plant  was  brought  from 
Braemar  in  1S78  by  Mr.  Boyd,  of  Faldonside  ;  it  is 
distinct  from  S.  procumbens.  The  author  proposed 
to  name  it  S.  Boydii. 

4.  "Record  of  the  Occurrence  of  Trichomanes  radi- 
cans  in  Arran."  By  W.  B.  Simson,  Dundee.  Mr. 
Simson  gave  in  detail  the  narrative  of  his  discovery 
of  this  Fern,  along  with  R.  Douglas,  the  postal 
runner  betwixt  Lamlash  and  Corrie,  in  1863.  The 
discovery  was  claimed  in  the  newspapers  for  other 
parties,  and  the  dispute  was  mentioned  in  these 
columns  {CarJenets'  Chronicle,  March  5,  1864,  p. 
220),  when  it  was  stated  that  there  could  be  no  doubt 
that  Mr.  Simson's  locality  was  an  authentic  natural 
habitat,  if  it  had  not  been  planted  by  Douglas.  The 
Society  came  clearly  to  the  opinion  that  such  had  not 
been  the  case. 

Dr.  Paterson,  Bridge  of  Allan,  sent  for  exhibition 
a  plant  of  DycUia  rariflora. 

Mr.  Simson,  Dundee,  exhibited  a  large  plant  of 
Trichomanes  radicans,  which  had  grown  from  a  small 
rhizome  originally  found  by  him  in  Arran  in  1S63. 

Mr.  Lindsay  exhibited  a  large  number  of  flowers 
from  the  open  air,  including  Dahlias,  Geraniums, 
Lobelias,  Calceolarias,  Senecio  speciosus,  Aponoge- 
ton,  &c.  He  also  exhibited  from  the  garden  a  plant 
of  Eucalyptus  Gunnii,  raised  from  seed  ripened  at 
Whittinghame,  East  Lothian,  last  year,  and  the  new 
Sagina  Boydii. 

Several  of  the  papers  read  at  the  meeting,  for  which 
we  are  unable  to  find  space  this  week,  will  appear  in 
a  subsequent  issue. 


of  large  dimensions  from  Messrs.  John  Laing  &  Co., 
Forest  Hill,  this  being  much  the  finest  group 
exhibited  by  them  this  season.  Mr.  H.  J.  Jones, 
Hope  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  also  staged  a  very  fine 
group,  equal  in  siz:  to  the  above;  the  two  groups 
together,  placed  side  by  side  in  front  of  the  stage — 
which  also  was  liberally  decorated  with  large  Palms 
from  the  Stanstead  Nursery— giving  a  charming  effect 
to  the  whole,  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  sent 
bright  masses  of  zonal  Pelargoniums,  Chrysanthe- 
mums, &c.  ;  Messrs.  Carter  &  Son,  Holborn,  col- 
lections of  flowering,  berried  plants,  iStc.  ;  Messrs. 
Bunyard  &  Son,  Maidstone,  an  exceptionally  fine 
collections  of  Apples  ;  Mr.  Luders  a  dozen  dishes  of 
fine  dessert  Pears,  &c, — these  with  the  competitive 
exhibits  together  filling  two  large  rooms. 

Pot  Plants. 

These  consisted  of  groups  of  Chrysanthemums 
arranged  in  a  space  of  not  more  than  50  square  feet. 
There  were  five  competitors,  Mr.  W.  E.  Jupp, 
Brockley,  being  ist. 

A  similar  class  for  gentlemen's  gardeners  only, 
found  F.  W.  Prior,  Esq  ,  Blackheath,  and  J.  Soame, 
Esq.,  J. P.,  respectively  Ist  and  2d. 

Minor  classes  for  specimen  plants  were  well  repre- 
sented, Mr.  W.  Smith,  Catford,  Mr.  L.  Luders,  and 
Mr.  7.  W.  Upton,  being  each  Ist  in  the  three  leading 
classes  ;  and  the  best  group  of  miscellaneous  plants 
(not  Chrysanthemum^),  an  eftective  arrangement,  were 
shown  by  Mr.  C.  Nunn,  gr.  to  J.  Soames,  Esq,, 
Greenwich  Park. 

Cut  Flowers. 

For  forty-eight  blooms,  twenty-four  Japanese  and 
twenty-four  incurved,  Mr.  Moore,  Blendon  Hall, 
Bexley,  was  Ist,  having  amongst  others  very  fine 
blooms  of  John  Salter,  Thunberg,  Flambeau,  &c, 
Mr.  Bettesworth,  gr.  to  R.  Ewing,  Esq.,  Burton 
Grange,  Cheshunt,  was  a  good  2d,  showing  Comte  de_ 
Germiny,  Golden  Salter,  Lord  Wolseley,  and  Princess 
Imperial,  in  rare  form. 

Classes  for  twelve  Japanese,  distinct,  and  twelve 
incurved,  distinct,  with  a  minor  one  or  two  besides, 
proved  Mr.  H.  Shoesmith,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  Canon 
Hodgson,  Hythe,  Ist  in  each,  a  grand  bloom  of 
Jeanne  Delaux  appearing  amongst  the  former. 

Twelve  Japanese  or  large  flowered  Anemones 
(class  26),  were  well  staged  by  Mr.  J.  Hudd,  gr.  to 
F.  W.  Prior,  Esq  ,  Blackheath  Park,  who  took  Ist 
prize.  Mr.  C.  Nunn  was  a  good  2d  with  finely 
formed  blooms. 

In  the  two  classes  for  twelve  incurved  and  six  in- 
curved, Mr.  J.  W.  Banner,  Brockley,  won  both  Ist 
prizes  ;  Mr.  J.  W.  Upton  taking  2d  in  the  former 
class,  having  also  therein  the  finest  bloom  in  the  show 
amongst  amateur  exhibitors. 

Mr.  J,  1.  Ilillier  was  Ist  with  twelve  blooms  in- 
curved and  six  blooms  Japanese  Anemones. 

Mr.  C.  Lambert  was  Ist  for  twelve  blooms,  in- 
curved, in  the  amateur  members'  classes,  Mr.  T. 
Wickham  Jones  being  the  fortunate  winner  of 
1st  prizes  for  twelve  Japanese,  six  Japanese  (one 
variety)  ;  Mr.  Henry  Drake,  Limes  Grove,  proving  a 
very  fine  2d  in  the  third  class. 

Mr.  F.  T.  Shipley  was  Ist  for  six  incurved  flowers. 

Table  Decorations  and  Hand  Bouquets. 

For  the  former,  an  arrangement  upon  a  table, 
6  feet  by  4  feet,  Mrs.  Jupp  was  Ist  ;  Miss  Edith 
Brooks,  Eltham,  2d  ;  and  Mrs.  Berry  3d. 

The  hand  bouquets  were  extremely  good,  especially 
as  they  consisted  of  Chrysanthemum  flowers  only. 
The  judges  ultimately  awarded  1st  prize  to  Mr. 
H,  J.  Jones. 

One  of  the  best  features  in  the  show  was  the  display 
made  in  the  competition  for  the  best  basket  of  Chry- 
santhemums :  here  Mrs.  T.  Wickham  Jones  distanced 
all  competitors,  winning  1st  prize  with  a  chaste 
arrangement  made  up  of  a  few  fine  blooms  only  of 
purple-bronze  and  yellow  coloured  blooms.    W.  E. 


CHRYSANTHEMUM      SHOW     AT 
LEWISHAM. 

The  Lewisham  District  Floral  Society  having 
brought  their  summer  exhibition  to  a  successful  issue, 
made  bold  to  hold  an  autumn  Chrysanthemum  show 
also.  This  was  held  on  the  12th  and  I3ih  inst. 
at  the  Ladywell  Public  Baths,  and  proved  a  very 
decided  success.  Exhibits  were  numerous  and  ex- 
tremely good  ;  the  competition,  generally  keen  in  all 
classes,  especially  in  that  for  forty-eight  blooms. 

Miscellaneous  exhibits  included  a  very  fine  group 


READING  CHRYSANTHEMUM  :  Nov.  12. 
This  is  a  distinct  organisation  from  the  Reading 
Horticultural  Society.  It  was  the  third  annual  exhi- 
bition, and  the  success  of  it  is  mainly  due  to  Mr. 
Richard  D.  Catchpool,  the  Hon.  Sec,  who  works 
very  hard  to  this  efld.  The  exhibition  took  place,  as 
usual,  in  the  municipal  building,  and  both  Town 
Halls  were  called  into  requisition.  The  exhibition 
was  a  large  and  distinctly  good  one,  plants  and 
flowers  alike  being  very  fine  indeed,  while  fruit  was 
well  represented.  Mr.  Catchpool  had  distributed 
about  the  old  Town  Hall  a  number  of  cage  birds,  and 
they  sang  very  sweetly  during  the  afternoon,  having 
the  hall  to  themselves,  as  the  band  was  in  the  new 
building.  The  arrangement  of  the  exhibits  was 
carried  out  by  Mr.  J.  Turnton,  The  Gardens,  Maiden 
Erleigh. 

Plants. 

In  the  class  for  a  collection  of  plants  arranged  for 
effect    Mr.    Baskett,    gr.    to   W.   J.    Palmer,     Esq., 


November  20,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


665 


Reading,  was  ist  with  an  excellent  lot  of  plants  of 
natural  growth  admirably  arranged,  the  blossoms  of 
capital  quality. 

The  best  six  specimens,  Japanese  excluded,  came 
from  Mr.  R.  Booker,  gr.  to  R.  Tomkins,  Esq., 
Reading,  who  had  well  grown  and  flowered  speci- 
mens, 

Mr.  Surman,  gr.  to  C.  H.  Witherington,  Esq  , 
Sonning,  had  the  best  three  specimens. 

Mr.  Surman  had  the  best  six  Japanese  varieties, 
staging  remarkably  well  grown  and  flowered  plants  of 
La  Nymph,  La  Charmeuse,  Lady  Selborne,  Bronze 
Dragon,  Peter  the  Great,  and  Elaine;  2d,  Mr. 
Farey,  with  good  specimens  of  Peter  the  Great, 
Tames  Salter,  Lady  Selborne,  Red  Dragon,  Hivet 
Fleur,  and  La  Charmeuse. 

Mr.  Franklin  had  the  best  three  specimens,  having 
admirable  plants  of  James  Salter,  Elaine,  and  Peter 
the  Great  ;  2d,  Mr.  Armitage,  with  Elaine,  Peter  the 
Great,  and  Mons.  Dslaux. 

Standard  plants  were  well  grown  and  flowered,  but 
tied  down  much  too  close.  Mr.  Booker  had  the  best 
three.     Mr.  Armitage  had  the  best  standard  specimen. 

Pompon  varieties  were  shown  in  good  specimens 
also,  though  there  was  no  entry  in  the  class  lor  six 
plants. 

Mr.  Surman  had  the  best  three,  having  well  grown 
and  flowered  plants. 

The  best  standard  pompon  was  Mdlle.  Marthe,  a 
charming  plant,  naturally  grown  and  flnely  bloomed, 
from  Mr.  W.  T.  Abrey,  nurseryman,  Tilehurst. 

Cot  Flowers  (Incurved). 

The  cut  flowers  throughout  were  remarkably  good, 
and  the  incurved  varieties  were  a  decided  advance 
upon  anything  we  had  previously  seen  at  Reading. 

Messrs.  W.  &  G.  Drover,  nurserymen,  Fareham, 
were  1st  with  a  very  fine  lot  of  the  leading  kinds. 
2d,  Mr.  W.  Wildsmilh,  gr.  to  Lord  Eversley,  Heck- 
field  Place,  who  was  very  close  up  with  some 
remarkably  good  blooms,  amongst  them  a  variety, 
Lord  Eversley,  a  charming  white  sport  from  Princess 
of  Teck,  and  as  Mr.  Wildsmith  exhibited  four  other 
blooms  of  it,  it  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate 
of  Merit.  It  is  a  flower  of  excellent  build,  and  of  the 
best  quality. 

The  best  twelve  blooms  came  from  Mr.  W.  R. 
Strong,  Wellington  College,  who  had  very  fine 
examples  of  Princess  of  Wales,  Lord  Wolseley, 
Golden  Empress,  and  Mr.  Brunlees  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Trinder,  gr.  to  Sir  H.  Mildmay,  Bait  ,  Dogmers- 
field  Park,  Winchfield,  with  a  very  good  lot  indeed. 

As  there  were  six  eighteens  'and  two  twelves,  the 
competition  was  very  keen  indeed. 

There  were  fire  lots  of  six  incurved  blooms,  the 
best  coming  from  Mr.  Jennings,  gr.  to  J.  T.  Free- 
man, Esq.,  Farnborough. 

Reflexed  Varieties. 

These  were  numerously  and  very  freely  shown  ; 
there  were  eight  stands  ol  twelve  blooms,  and  Mr. 
W.  Wildsmith  was  Ist,  with  the  very  finest  lot  we 
have  seen  this  season,  large,  solid,  and  well  coloured  ; 
2d,  P.  Southby,  Esq.,  Bampton,  Oxon  (Mr  Neal, 
gr.),  also  with  fine  blooms. 

Japanese  Chrysanthemums. 

These,  as  might  have  been  expected,  were  very 
numerous,  wonderfully  effective,  large,  and  of  the  best 
quality.  How  extensively  they  are  being  grown  was 
shown  by  the  fact  that  ten  stands  competed  in  the 
class  for  that  number  of  varieties,  Mr.  Baskett,  gr. 
to  W.  J.  Palmer,  Esq.,  Reading,  was  Ist,  with  a  very 
fine  lot. 

Mr.  J.  Freeman,  Farnborough,  had  the  best  six 
varieties,  staging  a  half-dozen  very  fine  blooms  in  a 
class  where  there  were  ten  competitors. 

Anemone    Flowered, 
Mr.   Kendall,   gr.   to  W.   S.   Holland,  Esq.,  Roe- 
hampton,    had   the   best    twelve    Anemone-flowered 
varieties,  setting  up  fine  blooms  of  the  choicest. 

Pompon   Varieties. 

Mr.  Wildsmith  had  the  best  six  bunches  of  these, 
staging  large  and  well  flowered  trusses  of  Adele 
Presette,  Mdlle.  Marthe,  Lizzie  Holmes,  Marguerite 
de  Coy,  M.  Astic,  and  G.  Nachel.  2d,  Mr.  Holland, 
with  single  blooms,  disbudded  to  produce  size. 

One  very  interesting  class  was  for  twelve  large- 
flowered  Chrysanthemums,  in  eight  varieties,  shown  as 
grown  ;  and  in  this  case  they  were  set  up  on  stems 
with  6  inches  or  so  of  foliage — a  good  way  in  which 
to  exhibit  blooms.  Here  Mr.  Wildsmith  was  again 
Ist  with  fine  blooms  of  Princess  of  Wales,  Jardin 
des  Plantes,  Jeanne  d'Arc— incurved  varieties,  mostly 
in  duplicate,  and  the  following  Japanese  :— Maiden's 
Blush,  Mad.  C.  Audiguier,  Mignon,  Japonaise,  I'Ador. 
able,  and  Cullingfordi ;  2d,  Mr.  Baskett,  all  being 
Japanese  varieties. 

Mr.  Phippen,  nurseryman,  Reading,  had  the  best 
bouquet  of  Chrysanthemums,  Mr.  Howe,  gr.  to  J.  O. 
Taylor,  Esq.,  Reading,  had  the  best  vase  of  Chrysan- 
themums ;  the  best  stand  of,  cut  flowers  and  foliage 


came  from  Messrs.  Phillips.  Messrs.  Phillips  also  had 
the  best  stand  of  autumn  leaves,  flowers,  and  berries. 
These  were  admirably  arranged. 

Miscellaneous  Plants. 

Prizes  were  offered  for  plants  for  table  decora- 
tion, for  berried  plants,  the  berried  Phytolacca  and 
Solanum  being  prominent  ;  for  Chinese  Primulas, 
Poinsettias,  Bouvardias,  Violets,  Epiphyllums,  &c. 
— all  of  which  might  be  dispensed  with,  and  the  money 
given  to  the  classes  for  Chrysanthemums,  in  which 
there  is  a  large  and  close  competition. 

The  best  stand  of  six  "Last  Rose  of  Summer," 
came  from  Mr.  J.  Tranter,  Henley-on-Thames,  very 
good  indeed  for  the  season  of  the  year. 

Fruit. 

There  was  a  good  representation  of  fruit,  though 
Grapes  were  not  so  good  as  in  former  years. 

The  best  two  bunches  of  Black  Alicante  came  from 
Mr.  Bowerman,  gr.  to  C.  Hoare,  Esq.,  Hackwood 
Park,  Basingstoke. 

Mr.  Moore,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Hay,  Braywick,  Maiden- 
head, had  the  best  two  bunches  of  Gros  Colmar. 

The  best  two  bunches  ol  any  other  black  kind  were 
Cooper's  BUck,  from  Mr.  Wills,  gr.  fo  R.  Ravenhill, 
Esq.,  Winkfield. 

Mr.  Pope,  The  Gardens,  Highclere  Castle,  had  the 
best  two  bunches  of  White  Muscat. 

In  the  class  for  two  bunches  of  any  other  white 
kind,  Mr.  Turton,  Maiden  Erleigh,  was  Ist  with 
Trebbiano. 

Mr.  Howe  had  the  best  collection  of  six  dishes  of 
ripe  English  dessert  fruit. 

Mr.  Turton  had  the  best  six  dishes  of  dessert,  and 
also  of  culinary  Apples. 

Mr.  Trinder  had  the  best  four  dishes  of  Pears. 

Despite  the  wet  weather,  the  show  was  remarkably 
well  attended. 


WATFORD  CHRYSATHEMUM  : 
November  16  and  17. 

The  first  show  of  this  Society,  which  was  held  in 
the  Agricultural  Hall,  Watford,  on  the  above  named 
dates,  promises  well  for  the  future. 

Groups 
were  the  great  feature  here,  "occupying,  indeed,  the 
whole  of  the  ground  floor  of  the  building,  and  many 
were  comprised  of  plants  of  first-class  quality.  The 
competition  in  the  leading  group  classes  was  very 
keen,  and  the  successful  competitors  generally  deserved 
the  recognition  received. 

In  this  section  the  leading  class  (open)  was  for  a 
group  to  occupy  a  space  of  not  more  than  50  square 
feet.  There  was  a  good  competition  between  the 
seven  groups  shown,  in  which  the  highest  award  was 
taken  by  Mr.  J.  Fitt,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Essex,  Casio- 
bury  Park,  Watford,  (or  a  tastefully  arranged  group  of 
excellent  quality,  the  plants  well  grown  and  strong, 
Japanese  varieties  greatly  preponderating.  A  few 
pompons  were  judiciously  placed  along  the  front.  Mr. 
W.  Cox,  gr.  to  W.  Thompson,  Esq.,  The  Warren, 
Bushey  Heath,  received  the  2d  prize  for  a  group  of 
smaller  plants  very  effectively  arranged.  3d,  Mr.  T. 
Waller,  gr.  to  H.  G.  Stephens,  Esq.,  Finchley. 

In  the  class  for  groups  of  miscellaneous  plants  there 
was  also  an  extensive  and  keen  competition.  Mr.  E. 
Beckett,  gr.  to  H.  H.  Gibbs,  Esq.,  Aldenham  House, 
was  the  leader  here,  and  took  the  1st  prize  with  a 
group  containing  many  plants  of  excellent  quality. 
Palms,  Crotons,  and  Ferns  being  the  chief  foliage 
plants,  while  colour  and  grace  were  given  by  various 
Orchids,  Bouvardias,  Primulas,  Chrysanthemums 
(which  were  very  fine),  and  Anthuriums  ;  Mr.  J. 
Duismore,  gr.  to  T.  J.  Blackwell,  Esq  ,  The  Cedars, 
Harrow  Weald,  was  2d,  his  group  containing  more 
flowering  plants  than  the  former ;  Calanthes  were 
the  most  prominent,  forming  the  groundwork,  which 
was  consequently  very  bare.  The  3d  place  was  given 
to  Mr.  Condie,  gr.  to  S.  J.  Blackwell,  Esq.,  Harrow 
Weald,  for  a  compact  group  of  tasteful  arrangement, 
and  containing  Eucharis  and  Chrysanthemums,  and 
the  usual  foliage  plants. 

For  a  group  of  50  feet  (members  only)  Mr.  J.  Fitt 
was  again  Ist,  the  grouping  being  similar  to  that  in 
the  open  class  ;  the  2d  was  from  Mr.  J.  G.  Barnes, 
gr.  to  C.  R.  Humbert,  Esq.  (the  secretary),  Dell 
Field,  Watford,  for  a  group  of  plants  of  fair  quality, 
which,  however,  were  too  much  drawn. 

The  best  group  in  a  space  of  25  square  feet  was 
shown  by  Mr.  C.  Chipps,  gr.  to  Mrs.  H.  Manning, 
North  End  House,  Watford.  The  group  was  cir- 
cular, and  the  consequent  difficulty  of  arrangement 
well  surmounted.  The  plants  themselves  were  of 
good  quality.  Mr.  J.  G.  Barnes  was  2d  with  dwarfet 
plants. 

The  1st  prize  for  a  specimen  plant  from  a  member 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  C.  Chipps,  the  variety  shown 
being  Madame  Rendatler ;  the  2d  prize  going  to  Mr. 
J.  G.  Barnes  for  a  better  grown  plant,  with  clear 
and  bright  blooms. 


Three  specimen  plants,  open,  were  best  shown  by 
Mr.  Henry  Petty,  Denmark  Street,  Watford— Ethel, 
Mrs.  Dixon,  and  Christine  being  the  varieties.  They 
were  all  gcod  plants,  trained  well,  and  evenly 
flowered.  Mr.  G.  P.  Darby,  High  Street,  Watford, 
was  2d,  with  plants  of  medium  quality. 

Plants  for  table  decoration  were  shown,  prizes  being 
taken  by  the  above-named  exhibitors. 

Cut  Blooms 

were  not  very  numerous,  but  on  the  whole  well 
shown,  especially  in  the  Japanese  classes,  where  some 
very  fine  blossoms  were  shown. 

Mr.  E.  Beckett  had  the  best  twenty-four  incurved, 
staging  a  collection  of  fair  quality  blooms,  among 
which  Lord  Alcester,  Queen  of  England,  Empress  of 
India,  Venus,  Golden  Empress,  Barbara,  and  Nil 
Desperandum  were  the  finest.  Mr.  G.  Beard,  gr.  to 
C.  J.  Hegan,  Esq.,  Bucknalls,  Watford,  took  the  2d 
prize  with  rather  irregular  blooms.  Golden  Empress, 
Prince  Alfred,  and  Novelty,  being  especially  fine. 
Mr.  C.  Brown,  gr.  to  R.  Henty,  Esq.,  Langley 
House,  Abbots  Langley,  was  2d,  showing  fine  blooms 
of  the  same  varieties  as  Mr.  Beckett. 

In  the  open  class  for  twenty-four  incurved  better 
blooms  were  shown  throughout,  Mr.  E.  Beckett  again 
securing  the  premier  award  with  almost  the  same 
varieties.  Mr.  J.  C.  Mundell,  gr.  to  Lord  Ebury, 
was  3d,  with  a  stand  of  smaller  but  well  finished 
blooms. 

Mr.  E.  Beckett  also  staged  the  best  six  incurved 
(one  variety),  showing  in  fine  form  Princess  of  Wales; 
Mr.  Rumbold.  gr.  to  G.  Lake,  E-q.,  Bushey, 
followed  with  Empress  of  India,  also  good. 

For  twenty-lour  Japanese,  Mr.  Beckett  staged  a  very 
good  lot  of  large  and  clean  flowers,  and  justly 
received  the  highest  award  ;  especially  fine  blooms 
were  shown  of  Madame  J.  Laing,  Sarnia,  Madame  C. 
Audiguier,  Boule  d'Or,  Marguerite  Marrouch, 
Dormillon,  and  Val  d'Andorre.  The  next  collection 
in  order  of  merit  was  from  Mr.  Condie  ;  this  was  also 
a  good  lot,  and  followed  closely  on  the  1st  prize  ; 
Roseum  pictum,  Mons.  Hubert,  Bronze  Dragon,  and 
Grandiflora  were  the  finest  blooms. 

The  finest  show  of  Japanese  blooms,  however,  was 
in  the  open  class  for  twenty-four  varieties,  and  here 
Mr.  Beckett  distinguished  himself  once  again  with 
his  former  varieties  ;  the  2d  was  taken  by  Mr.  J.  Fitt, 
with  creditable  samples  of  Grandiflora,  Ethel,  Fair 
Maid  of  Guernsey,  Criterion,  Peter  the  Great,  and 
Japonaise. 

Mr.  C.  Brown  staged  the  best  twelve  reflexed, 
having  good  samples  of  Cullingfordii,  Peach  Chris- 
tine, and  King  of  the  Crimsons.  Mr.  Mundell  was 
awarded  2d  (or  a  good  stand  including  Cullingfordii, 
Cloth  of  Gold,  and  Progne. 

Anemone-flowered  varieties  were  best  shown  by 
Mr.  C.  Brown,  whose  stand  fully  deserved  the  Ist 
prize,  which  was  awarded  (he  was  the  sole  exhibitor). 
His  best  were  Lady  Margaret  and  Empress. 

Mr.  Beckett  and  Mr.  Mundell  were  the  successful 
exhibitors  of  pompons,  and  received  prizes  in  the 
order  of  the  names. 

Fruits  and  Vegetables. 

Grapes  were  well  shown,  some  fine  specimens  being 
staged  by  Mr.  Beckett,  who  carried  off  Ist  prize  with 
Black  Alicante.  Mr.  J.  C.  Mundell  and  Mr.  Fitt 
were  2d  and  3d  with  good  bunches  of  the  same. 

All  the  leading  prizes  in  Apples,  Pears,  &c.,  were 
also  taken  by  these  exhibitors.  Other  prize  winners 
were  Messrs.  Cox,  Burton,  Barnes,  and  Carnfield. 

The  finest  collections  of  vegetables  from  a  member 
were  from  Mr.  Beckett,  and  Mr.  R.  Stevens,  gr.  to 
Howard  Gilleat,  Esq.,  Abbots  Langley— both  show- 
ing well.  Mr.  H.  L.  Sell,  Luton,  showed  best  in  the 
open  class.  Cottagers'  collections  were  also  exten- 
sively shown. 

Non-Competing  Exhibits 
were  rather  numerous,  Mr.  J.  Fry,  gr.  to  Capt. 
Edwards,  Haydn  Hall,  Eastcote,  showing  four  very 
good  fruits.  Messrs.  H.  Lane  &  Son,  Berkham- 
stead,  staged  a  large  representative  collection  ol 
Apples,  especially  noticeable,  in  which  was  Lane's 
Prince  Albert,  and  the  popular  varieties.  This  firm 
also  had  a  good  group  of  Chrysanthemums. 

A  group  of  miscellaneous  plants  was  arranged  in 
the  centre  of  the  hall  by  Mr.  J.  Myers,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Clarendon,  Grove  Park,  Watford.  This  was 
a  very  elegant  and  attractive  exhibit,  and  consisted 
of  well  grown  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. 


LUTON  HORTICULTURAL. 

The  third  exhibition  of  this  Society  was  held  on 
Wednesday,  November  17. 

Groups. 
The  principal  feature  was  the  groups  of  Chrysan- 
themums arranged  for  effect.     Two  groups,  both  con- 
taining some  good  flowers,  were  awarded  equal  1st, 
the  exhibitors  being  Mr.    E.  Couper  and  Mr.  J.  J. 


666 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  1886. 


Kershaw.     For  six  specimen  plants,   Mr.    Kershaw 
was  also  ist. 

Cut  Blooms. 

These  were  only  fairly  represented,  the  Japanese 
being  by  far  the  best.  For  twelve  incurved  blooms 
Mr.  Jarvis  took  1st,  and  for  twelve  Japanese  Mr. 
Kershaw  received  a  similar  award. 

Fruit, 

Grapes  were  very  poorly  shown.     Only  one  entry 

was  made  for  a  collection  of  fruit ;  this  was  awarded 

2d  prize,  the  Ist  being  withheld.     Apples  and  Pears 

were  better,  but  not  of  the  usual  quality. 

Vegetables. 
For  a  collection,  Mr.  Jones,   Ilarpenden,  was  1st 
with  a  good  collection.     Potatos,  Cauliflowers,  Beets, 
Turnips,    &c.,   were  shown   in  great   quantity,   the 
competition  being  keen. 

Amateurs  and  Cottagers. 

These  showed  well  all  round,  the  prizes  offered 
bringing  many  competitors,  who  showed  very  credit- 
ably in  the  various  classes. 

A  novel  feature  in  the  show  was  prizes  offered  for  a 
collection  of  hardy  wild  fruits  and  berries.  The  1st 
prize  was  awarded  to  Master  James  Bloomfield,  who 
showed  a  very  nice  collection,  well  put  up,  and  named. 


JrADE    J^loTICEg. 


CHANGE    OF    PROPRIETORSHIP. 

Mb'.  J.  Tranter,  a  well-known  amateur  cultivator 
of  Roses,  Dahlias,  cSc,  at  Upper  Assenden,  has 
become  the  lessee  of  the  nursery  at  Henley-on- 
Thames  formerly  in  the  occupation  of  the  late  W.  E. 
Jones,  and  will  carry  on  the  business  of  nurseryman 
and  seedsman. 

Jubilee  Onion. 

The  seedling  Onion  called  Shed  wick,  exhibited  by 
Mr.  W.  Finlay,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Sondes,  which 
obtained  the  1st  prize  at  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  show,  Oct.  27  last,  the  stock  of  which  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  H.  Deverill,  Royal  Seed  Stores, 
Banbury,  has  been  named  the  Jubilee.  It  is  a  mag- 
nificent Onion,  the  result  of  a  cross  between  the 
imported  White  Spanish  and  Brown  Portuga'. 
H.  Deverill. 

Sketches  of  Winter  Gardens,  &c. 
We  are  informed  that  Mr.  F.  A.  Fawkes,  London 
Road,  Chelmsford,  will  shortly  bring  out  a  work  con- 
taining photo-lithographed  sketches  of  some  thirty 
winter  gardens,  ranges  of  hothouses,  and  ornamental 
conservatories  of  various  sizes  and  designs  erected  in 
different  parts  of  the  country. 


HANDLING    THE    TOBACCO 
CROP. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  among  the  growers 
who  have  this  season  tried  Tobacco  as  a  field  crop, 
Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.,  of  High  Holborn,  tested 
seventeen  distinct  varieties  on  land  not  far  from 
Lower  Sydenham  station  on  the  South-Eastern  Rail- 
way. Planted  at  too  late  a  time,  and  encountering 
an  unfavourable  season  of  growth,  the  crop,  on  well- 
manured  ground,  produced  very  fine  tall  plants  bear- 
ing an  abundance  of  leaves,  at  the  rate  of  one  plant 
to  a  square  yard.  After  the  crop  had  been  caught 
more  than  once  by  four  degrees  of  frost,  it  was  deemed 
unsafe  to  delay  cutting  ;  and,  accordingly,  the  plants 
were  cut  short  off  close  to  the  ground,  threaded  butt- 
end  upwards  upon  sticks,  and  the  sticks  of  pendent 
stalks  with  their  drooping  leaves  carried  to  the  farm 
premises,  and  hung  upon  light  wooden  framing,  filling 
the  barn  up  to  the  lofty  ridge-tree,  with  the  plants 
suitably  exposed  to  currents  of  dry  air,  the  green 
succulent  leaves  not  being  crowded  close  together. 
Here  it  was  intended  to  make  use  at  once  of  artificial 
heat,  by  means  of  a  big  brazier  placed  on  the  barn 
floor,  in  which  wood  (preferably  dry  faggots  of  Wych 
Elm)  was  to  be  the  fuel,  a  cap  being  arranged  over  the 
brazier  in  order  to  divert  to  the  floor  and  dash  out  of 
combustion  any  sparks  which  might  be  dangerous. 
But  for  some  weeks  the  Tobacco  had  unavoidably  to 
be  left  to  take  the  chance  of  the  air  temperature, 
owing  to  a  delay  in  effecting  the  fire  insurance.  On 
a  portion  of  the  crop  the  desirable  yellow  colour 
which  is  acquired  by  quicker  artificial  heating  was 


sacrificed  ;  and  the  fire  was  got  into  action  only  just 
in  time  to  stop  the  mould,  which  had  begun  to  set  in. 
Ultimately  the  burning  wood  came  to  the  rescue  of 
the  experiment,  the  smoke  was  not  found  detrimental 
to  the  quality  and  flavour  of  the  Tobacco,  and  the 
plants  have  become  perfectly  desiccated,  beyond  a 
gumminess  or  viscidity  about  the  junctions  of  the 
leaf-stems  and  the  central  stalk  ;  the  colour  is,  for  the 
most  part,  a  rich  golden  brown,  the  texture  fine,  with 
a  due  toughness,  and  the  skin  of  the  leaves  silky  and 
glossy,  the  experts  pronouncing  the  Tobacco  leaves 
of  admirable  quality,  the  greater  part  for  **  fillers," 
but  an  ample  proportion  for  "  wrappers,"  so  as  to 
present  the  appearance  which  is  valued  in  cigars 
made  of  well-grown  Tobacco.  The  most  approved 
varieties  are  Big  Frederick,  Florida,  Yellow  Pryor, 
Pennsylvania,  Kentucky,  Connecticut,  and  White 
Burley. 

We  witnessed  on  Friday,  November  12,  the  process 
of  preparing  the  dried  plants  for  the  market.  There 
is  no  difficulty  or  particular  nicety  in  the  matter  to 
require  a  careful  training,  as  one  might  have  supposed 
from  the  instructions  which  have  been  published  by 
various  authorities.  One  plant  at  a  time  is  taken  up, 
and  as  it  is  held  the  leaves  are  separated  by  stripping 
each  leaf-stem  or  rib  off  from  the  fundamental  stalk, 
and  then  another  person  picks  up  these  separated 
leaves  of  one  plant,  places  them  together  in  a  bunch, 
wraps  a  leaf  round  the  thick  ends,  tucking  one  end  of 
the  leaf  undei,  so  as  to  hold  the  small  bunch  in  what 
is  called  "  a  hand."  Imperfect,  torn,  or  green  leaves 
called  "lugs"  are  laid  by  themselves;  and,  like  the 
*' primings,"  or  trimmings,  or  second  shoots  of  the 
plants  during  growth,  are  kept  for  making  an  inferior 
kind  of  Tobacco.  The  central  woody  stalk,  which  is 
very  short,  is  waste,  but  still  the  Excise  regulations 
forbid  its  being  utilised  or  merely  thrown  away.  The 
stalks  have  to  be  burnt  in  presence  of  an  Excise 
officer,  but  it  is  probable  that  a  use  could  be  found 
for  them. 

There  appears  no  doubt  that  the  Tobacco-growing 
experiment  is  a  success  all  through  as  far  as  the 
practices  of  cultivation  and  preparation  for  the  market 
are  concerned.  The  "hands"  of  Tobacco  in  the 
stage  which  tbey  have  now  reached  may  be  preserved 
for  any  length  of  time  in  bulk  ;  or  they  may  be  now 
forwarded  any  distance  to  a  manufacturer,  who  will 
subject  them  to  the  necessary  process  of  fermentation 
or  curing  for  aroma  and  flavour.  In  their  present 
state  they  are  considered  to  be  worth  6./.  to  81/.  per 
pound.  Messrs.  Carter's  total  crop  of  three-quarters 
of  an  acre  is  expected  to  weigh  about  15  cwt.,  and  if 
so,  the  market  value  must  approach  £\z,  or  at  the 
rate  of  /s6  per  acre.  Of  course  this  is  outside  any 
Excise  duty.  It  is  evident  that  Tobacco  is  not  a 
difficult  crop  for  a  farmer  to  deal  with,  and  it  seems 
precisely  adapted  for  small  cultivators  and  their 
families  to  handle.  But  while  the  Excise  authorities 
are  giving  facilities  in  minor  matters,  they  have,  at 
present,  withheld  any  information  as  to  any  favour- 
able or  encouraging  terms  in  conformity  with  which 
Tobacco  may  be  grown  next  year  by  other  than 
capitalist  farmers  and  experimenters.  It  is  desirable 
that  the  intentions  of  the  Government  should  be  made 
known  without  delay,  as  farmers  who  propose  to 
undertake  the  culture  of  the  profitable  crop  have  to 
begin  at  once  with  preparation  of  the  necessary 
quantity  of  land.    Times. 


16°  on  the  8th;  the  smallest  was  8°  on  the  nth. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  10*. 2. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were  41°.  4  on  the 
7th,  38°.2  on  the  8th,  4i°.5  on  the  9lh,  42°.8  on  the 
loth,  43°.2  on  the  nth,  43°.2  on  the  iztb,  and 
43°. I  on  the  13th.  These  were  all  below  their 
averages  with  the  exception  of  the  I2lh  and  13th, 
which  were  o°.3  and  3°. 4  above,  by  3°.3,  6°.I,  2°.4, 
and  0°,"]  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  ot  the  week  was  4i°.9, 
being  7°.i  lower  than  last  week,  and  i°.7  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  95°.  5  on  the  8th.  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  62°. I. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  four  days  to  the  amount  of 
1.34  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  13,  the  highest  temperatures  were  54° 
at  Truro,  5i°.3  at  Plymouth,  and  51°  at  Leeds;  the 
highest  at  Wolverhampton  was  45°.7,  at  Bradford 
47°.  6,  and  at  Blackheath  and  Sunderland  48°.  The 
general  mean  was  49°.  5. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Wolverhampton, 
26°.9,  at  Nottingham  29°,  and  at  Truro,  Blackheath, 
Sheffield,  and  Hull  30° ;  the  lowest  at  Liverpool  was 
38°.  7,  and  at  Bradford  and  Preston  37'.  The  general 
mean  was  32°.  9. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Truro 
24°,  and  at  Sheffield  and  Hull  20° ;  the  least  ranges 
were  at  Liverpool  10°,  at  Bradford  10°. 6,  and  at 
Preston  I2^     The  general  mean  was  i6°,6. 

The  mean  ot  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  52°,  at  Plymouth  49°.6,  and  at 
Newcastle  48°.  5  ;  and  lowest  at  Wolverhampton 
44°.3,  at  Bradford  45°.7,  and  at  Preston  46°.!,  The 
general  mean  was  47°.4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Liverpool,  40°.8,  at  Brighton,  39°.2,  and 
at  Preston,  39° ;  and  was  lowest  at  Hull  3S°.4,  at 
Wolverhampton,  35°.6,  and  at  Sheffield,  36°.2.  The 
general  mean  was  37°.  8. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Truro,  14". 8, 
at  Hull  I2°.4,  and  at  Plymouth  I2°.2  ;  and  least  at 
Liverpool,  6°.  I,  at  Bradford  6°.9,  and  at  Preston  7°.  I. 
The  general  mean  was  9°.  6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  44°.  I, 
at  Liverpool  43°. 4,  and  at  Newcastle  43^.1;  and 
lowest  at  Wolverhampton,  39°. 4,  at  Sheffisld  41°, 
and  at  Hull  41°. I.     The  general  mean  was  42°.!. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  1.84  inch  at  New- 
castle, i.74inch  at  Bristol,  and  1.35  inch  at  Brighton  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.09  inch  at  Bradford,  o  17 
inch  at  Leeds,  and  0.23  inch  at  Preston  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.79  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  13th,  the  highest  temperature  was 
50°.  3  at  Perth  ;  the  highest  at  Greenock  was  48°. 
The  general  mean  was  49". I. 

The  lowest  temperature  in  the  week  was  33°.  4  at 
Dundee;  the  lowest  at  Leith  was  36°. 5.  The 
general  mean  was  34°- 5. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith,  43° ; 
and  lowest  at  Dundee,  40°.7.  The  general  mean 
was*42°.2. 

Rain.  —  The  largest  fall  was  1. 35  inches  at 
Greenock  ;  the  smallest  fall  was  0.33  inch  at  Perth. 
The  general  mean  fall  was  0.65  inch. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  13,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.26 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29  78  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  8th,  decreased  to  29. 28 
inches  by  5  P.M.  on  the  9th,  increased  to  29  58  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  I2lh,  and  was  29. 48  inches 
at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.51  inches,  being 
0.32  inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.47  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  48°  on  the  13th  ;  the  highest 
on  the  9th  was  45°.  5.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  46''.6. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  30°  on  the  8lh  ;  the 
lowest  on  the  12th  was  38°.  8.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
low  night  temperatures  was  36°.  4. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 


ST.iTE  OF  THE  WEATHER  Al  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  ENDrNG  Wednesdav,  November  17,  i886l 


;; 

Barometer. 

Temp 

Se-^S"^"' 

HygTome- 
tncal    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  sth 
Edition. 

Wind. 

^ 

Mean  Reading 
Reduced  to 

3a*  Fahr. 

Departure  from 
Average  ot 
18  years. 

IS 

•a 

\ 

If 

k 

P 
0'" 

°=5 

% 

1 

Nov. 

In.    1   In. 

„ 

^ 

« 

„ 

^ 

In. 

>■ 

29.3J  -0.4846.3 

385 

80433 

Oc 

42.4 

g6 

s.s.w. 

0.71 

« 

3^36-0  43  47' 

38.8 

8.443.3 

-1-  03 

41.7 

94 

s.w. 

0.06 

13 

29  3>  — 046  480 

385 

9.543.1 

-1-  04 

40  s 

9J 

Var. 

0.00 

14 

J9  40  .—037  St. 5 

4t  2 

10,346.3 

+  3.839.3 

71 

S.W. 

■S 

29  37  -039  54  0 

43  5 

ir. 5^48,6 

-1-  63J47.5 

97 

S.W. 

0.02 

16 

39.47,— 0-38^48.5 

46,0 

«  5  46  7 

\-  4.5 

39.9 

79 

WNW 

8.07 

■' 

29.34  :—o  4953-0 

39.3 
40.7 

13.847.0 

+  S-» 

44.7 

9» 

S.W. 

0.35 

Mean 

29  35-0.4 

[49.S 

9, '45-5 

-1-3.9 

43  3 

88 

S.W. 

..22 

NOVEMBEK  20,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


667 


II. — Wet  and  overcast  all  day. 

12.— Fine,  but  dull  titt-noon,  occasional  rain  afterwards. 

13.  — FiLe,  but  overcast  and  dull ;  brigbt  at  times. 

14.— Generally  fine  ;  a  slight  mist  in  the  evening. 

15.— Overca:t ;  f.equent  showers. 

i6,— Rain  in  early  morning,  fine  and  bright  afterwards. 

17.— Generally  overca't,  with  frequent  rain. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  (or  agricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  November  15,  i886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  n6,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  :— The  -Mather  has  continued  in  a 
very  dull,  unsettled,  and  rainy  condition  over  ihe 
nhole  kingdom. 

The  temperature  has  been  above  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  excess  being  l°  or  2°.  The  highest  of 
the  maxima,  which  were  generally  recorded  on  the 
15th,  varied  from  51°  in  "Scotland,  N."  and 
"England,  N.E.,"  to  55°  over  the  southern  and 
western  parts  of  England  and  in  the  south  of  Ireland, 
and  to  57°  in  the  "Channel  Islands."  The  lowest 
of  the  minima,  which  were  registered  in  most  places 
on  the  9th,  ranged  from  25°  to  27°  in  Ireland,  from 
31°  to  34°  in  Scotland,  and  from  31°  to  35°  over 
England  ;  in  the  "  Channel  Islands  "  the  minimum 
was  no  lower  than  42°. 

Rainfall  has  been  rather  less  than  the  normal 
amount  in  "England,  N.E.,"  "England,  N.W.," 
"  England,  S.W.,"  and  the  "  Channel  Islands,"  but 
more  in  all  other  districts;  in  "England,  E.,"  and 
"  England,  S.,"  the  excess  has  been  very  con- 
siderable. 

Bright  Sunshine  shows  a  very  general  decrease,  the 
percentages  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration  varying 
from  7  in  "Scotland,  E.,"and  8  over  central  ar.d 
southern  England,  to  23  in  "England,  N.E.,"  and 
25  in  "  Ireland,  S." 

Depreaions  observed. — The  distribution  of  baro- 
metric pressure  has  been  rather  irregular,  and  the 
movements  of  the  depressions  very  erratic.  During 
the  greater  part  of  the  period  the  barometer  was 
comparatively  high,  both  over  Spain  and  Scandinavia, 
while  in  the  intervening  regions  (i.e.,  over  the  North 
Sea,  the  United  Kingdom,  and  the  Bay  of  Biscay) 
numerous  small  depressions  have  appeared.  Some 
of  these  disturbances  have  travelled  in  a  south-south- 
easterly directien  over  the  more  western  parts  of  our 
islands,  while  others  have  moved  in  a  north-north- 
westerly direction  over  the  Noith  Sea,  At  the  close 
of  the  week  the  conditions  were  somewhat  less 
complex,  a  depression  which  had  travelled  south- 
south-eastwards  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Bristol,  and 
afterwards  east-north-eastwards  was  disappearing  over 
the  Baltic,  while  a  rather  deep  disturbance  had 
approached  the  north  of  Scotland  from  the  Atlantic. 
The  winds  have  been  very  variable  in  duration,  and, 
with  few  exceptions,  light  or  moderate  in  force,  but 
towards  the  end  of  the  period  a  south-westerly  current 
had  become  general  over  our  islands. 


"  He  that  guestioneth  tttiich  shall  learn  much" — Bacon. 

Rose  of  Sharon. — Fifty  years  ago  I  knew  a  Rose 
under  this  name.  What  is  it  ?  Can  it  be  had  now  ?  1 
do  not  find  it  in  any  Rose  Catalogue.  Diss. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE. —Members  of  the  Trade  wlU 
oblige  by  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
Interest,  Cultural  or  Commercial.  Short  notes  of 
daUy  experience  are  what  are  most  useful. 

A  Book  on  Laying-out  a  Garden  :  A  Constant 
Reader.  How  to  Lay-out  a  Garden,  by  Ed.  Kemp. 
London  ;  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  ir,  Bouverie 
Street,  E.C. 

COLLETIA  cruciata  :  C.  E.  We  flowered  this  in  the 
open  on  Middlesex  clay  for  many  years  till  the  fatal 
winter  of  18S0  killed  it.  It  is  the  same  as  C.  bicton- 
ensis,  and  moreover  is  only  a  iorm  of  C.  spinosa. 
You  will  find  the  proof  of  this,  accompanied  by  illus- 
trations, in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  187S,  vol.  ix., 
P-  243- 

Flowering  Evergreen  and  Berried  Plants  to 
Cover  a  Wall:  E.  W.,  Eltkam.  'Crataegus 
pyracantha  ;  *Pyrus  japonica,  P.  alba,  P.  princeps,  and 
P.  Maulei ;  Euonymus  radicans  ;  Bignonia  radicans  and 
B.  capreolata  ;  Ampelopsis  Veitchi ;  Lonicera  reticu- 
lata aurea,  japonica,  and  other  species ;  ♦Hederas  of 
all  kinds  ;  Escallonia  macranlha ;  *Berberis  Darwinii 


and  B.  stenophylla  ;  Embothrium  coccineum  ;  Lardi- 
zabala  biternata  ;  Aristolochia  Sipho  ;  Clematises  of 
many  varieties  ;  •Passiflora  casrulea  ;  Banksian  and 
other  Roses  ;  Ceanothus  in  variety  ;  Jasminum  offi- 
cinale, J.  revolutum,  &c.  Those  with  an  asterisk  bear 
berries  or  fruits. 

Insects:  y.  T.  The  insect  found  on  your  Iberis  correae- 
jolia  is  a  grasshopper  (Epliippiger  sp.),  apparently 
E.  vitium,  found  among  Vines  in  middle  and  south 
Europe.  Evidently  imported  with  plants  Irom  abroad. 
/.  O.  W. 

Fungi:  G.  P.,  York.  The  fungus  with  the  "stag's- 
horn  bifurcations "  is  Clavaria  fastigiata ;  the  red 
example  is  Hygrophorus  coccineus  ;  the  "coluniiiar 
one,"  a  "deformity,"  as  you  say— such  deformities 
are  common  late  in  the  season  ;  the  "  small  white 
one"  we  cannot  see.— 7-  -S.  R-.  Sevenoaks.  The 
name  of  the  fungus  growing  in  tufts  under  Holly,  and 
which  you  aptly  compare  with  large  yellow  Chrysan- 
themum flowers  strewn  on  the  ground,  is  Clavaria 
(usiformis.     It  is  not  uncommon.    IV.  G.  S. 

Names  of  Fruits  ;  7.  Barclay.  Duchesse  d'Angou- 
Kme.—  lVeston  Birt.  I,  Hoffner's  Golden  Reinette  : 
2,  Fearn's  Pippin.—^.  Tucker,  r,  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey  ;  2,  Glou  Morceau.  —H.  Rogers.  Apple  : 
Cockpit.  Pear:  not  recognised.— Grr/ra(/«  Horner. 
Apple:  Fearn's  Pippin.— 7.  IV.  I,  Flemish  Beauty; 
2,  Emille  d'Heyst ;  3,  Swan's  Egg  ;  5,  Vicar  of  Wmk- 
field  ;  6,  Beurri!  Duhaunie  ;  7,  12,  Glou  Morceau  ; 
8,  Catillac  ;  10,  15,  Bergamotte  d  Esperen  ;  11, 
Forelle  ;  13.  Seckel  ;  14,  Beurrc  Gris  d'Hiver  ;  others 
not  recognised.- G.  B.  H.  Apples:  2,  Bedfordshire 
Foundling  ;  3,  Cellini ;  4,  Hawthornden  ;  6,  not  recog- 
nised. Pears:  i,  Beun6  d'.\remberg  ;  5,  Naknon.— 
•}ames  Hopkins,  r.  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  ;  2,  Flower 
of  Kent;  3,  Duchess  of  Oldenburg;  4,  Regnier.— 
Received  without  letter :  fast-mark  Trowbridj,e. 
Held  attached  with  blue  strin<;:~s.  Beurr^  d'Arem- 
berg  ;  6,  Knight's  Monarch  ;  7,  Marie  Louise  ;  8, 
Easter  Beurr(5  ;  9,  Marechal  de  la  Cour  ;  10,  Brown 
Beurre ;  12,  Chaumontel ;  13.  Beurrf  Diel  :  18, 
Napoleon ;  21,  Doy'enne  du  Cornice ;  22,  Beurre 
d'Aremberg  ;  24,  Beurr6  Bachelier.— /<  Subscriber. 
I,  Van  Mons'  Leon  le  Clerc  ;  2,  Hacon's  Incompar- 
able ;  3,  Knight's  Monarch.— U'.  Farrant,  Passe 
Crassane.- 7.  T.  S.  i.  Winter  Hawthornden  of 
some  ;  2.  not  known.  Your  Pears  are  certainly 
undergoing  a  strange  process  of  decay,  which  we  are 
unable  to  account  for  at  present. 

Names  of  Plants  :  O.  W.  P.  Bouvardia  longiflora  ; 
Dracaena  marginata.  The  piece  of  an  Orchid  is  covered 
with  a  species  of  white  sc2\e.—RcJjiiood.  Salvia  aurea. 
—  r.  W.  R.  Numbers  and  specimens  mi.\ed,  Large 
fruit  and  green  leaves,  CraLnegus  punctata  variety  ; 
large  brown  leaves  and  small  fruit  is  a  form  of 
Cratffigus  coccinea.— C.  D.,  Ryde.  Umbellularia 
cx<.\\toTn\ca..— Southampton.  The  specimen  sent  was 
insufficient  for  us  to  name.— £.  M.  P.  Abies 
Webbiana,— .^.  B.  r,  Adiantum  Capillus- Veneris  ;  2, 
Adiantum  formosum  ;  3,  same  as  No.  i ;  4.  Cyrto- 
mium  caryotidium  ;  5,  Davallia  Tyermani ;  6,  Davallia 
bullata.— C.  D.  M.  i,  Pilea  muscosa ;  2,  we  are 
unable  to  name  the  Rose  from  the  specimen  sent, 
please  forward  a  bloom.  The  "  Bridal"  Rose  we  do 
not  know,  but  it  is  probably  an  American  species. 

Produce  of  an  Acre  of  Ground  :  G.  H.  B. 
That  would  depend  on  the  mode  of  culture.  If  very 
good,  and  not  much  of  it  under  Potato  crops,  a 
garden  of  that  size  can  be  made  to  supply  a  family 
of  eight  persons  with  almost  every  ordinary  vegetable 
and  fruit  required  for  the  kitchen  and  the  dessert. 
This  would  be  rendered  easier  if  the  area  were  sur- 
rounded with  w.iUs,  or  only  partially  so.  We  cannot 
say  anything  as  to  value  of  produce,  as  that  would  be 
ruled  by  the  quantity  and  quaUty,  lateness  or  earhness, 
&c. 

Stove  Plants  Shown  as  Greenhouse  Plants  at 
Exhibitions  :  Enquirer.  In  the  southern  parts  of  Great 
Britain  the  former  are  commonly  grown  during  the 
summer  in  a  greenhouse,  and  the  greenhouse  plants 
out-of-doors,  but  as  a  rule  stoye  plants  go  into  the 
stove  in  the  winter  even  there,  and  greenhouse  plants 
are  brought  from  the  open  air  and  placed  in  the  green- 
house, so  that,  notwilhstandfng  the  summer  treat- 
ment, each  division  is  sufficiently  marked  by  its  mode 
of  culture.  We  think  judges  should  disqualify  a  group 
of  greenhouse  plants  in  which  stove  plants,  so  called, 
are  found,  and  :-av  versa.  F^ven  the  dubious  Coleus 
rightly  belongs  to  the  stove,  as  it  would  be  destroyed 
if  kept  as  a  true  greenhouse  plant  in  the  winter. 
Vine  Borders  :  C.  M.  The  border  can  be  made  at 
once,  and  the  Vines  replanted,  as  soon  as  it  is  finished. 
Do  riot  let  the  roots  suffer  from  drought  or  frost  during 
the  operation,  and  avoid  throwing  the  soil  together 
when  it  is  very  wet,  or  during  heavy  rain. 
Winter  Nelis  Pear  Turning  Mealy  :  R.  C.  Lee, 
Bundrole.  Kooloo,  Kangra,  E.L  We  should  suppose 
your  Pear  becomes  mealy  and  rots  because  the  warmth 
is  greater  than  it  needs.  The  same  failing  is  noticed 
in  this  country  when  Williams'  Bon  Chr(5tien,  Jar- 
gonelle, and  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  are  planted  against 
walls  with  a  south  aspect.  The  report  on  the  Pear 
Congress  will  appear,  but  at  some  date  at  present 
unknown.  

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

].   S.mith   &  Sons.    Matlock,    Derbyshire— Trees    and 

Shrubs,  Trade  List. 
Daniells  Brothers,  Norwich— Floral  Novelties. 
W.  P.  Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee— Roses. 
T    Bunyard,    Ashford,  Kent  —  Fruit  Trees  (Special 

Offer). 


R.  H.  Veriegans,  Chad  Valley,  Birmingham— Trees, 

Melons,  Pear  Curiosity,  Fruit  Trees,  Brambles. 
Thos.    Kennedy  &   Co.,    106  and  loB,  High  Street, 

Dumfries,  N.B. —Trees,  &c. 
IMRIB  &  Co.,  The  Nurseries,   Ayr,   N.B. —Trees,  &c. 

(General  and  Trade  Catalogue.) 
W.  Smith  &  Sons,  The  Nurseries,  Kintore,  Aberdeen, 

N.B. — Roses  and  Trees,  &c. 
Anthony  Waterer,    Knap   Hill  Nursery,   Woking, 

Surrey — Nursery  Stock  of  Trees,  &c. 
Clark  Brothers  &  Co,  65,  Scotch  Street,  CarUsle— 

Trees,  &c.  ,,      ,    , 

John  Cranston  &  Co.,  King's  Acre,  near  Hereford— 

VV.  P.  Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee,  N.B.— Trade  List 
of  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

James  Veitch  &  Sons,  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  Chelsea, 
S.W.  — Rose  and  Fruit  Catalogues. 

Chas.  &  J.  W.  TowNSEND,  Fordham,  near  Sohara, 
Cambridgeshire— Fruit  and  Forest  Trees. 

F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Upton  Nurseries,  Chester- 
Forest  and  Ornamental  Trees. 

Little  &  Ballantyne,  Carlisle  —  Trees,  Shrubs, 
Alpines,  &c.  . 

Frederick  Ra-;MER,  Quedlinburgh,  Germany— Choice 
Flower  Seeds. 

V.  DoPPLEB,  Erfurt,  Germany.— Special  Offer,  Veget- 
able and  Flower  Seeds. 

A.  Letellier  &  Son,  Caen,  Calvados,  France  —  Frmt 
Trees,  Roses,  Conifers,  Cider  Apples  (Wholesale 
List). 

EuciiNE  Verdier  Fils  AINiS,  37,  Rue  Clisson  (Gare 
d'lvry),  Paris— Gladioli,  Roses,  &c. 


Communications  Received  :  — Jas.  Backhouse —W.  S.  M 
—Owen  Thomas,  Chatsworth.— J.  V.  W..  Aberdeen.— James 
Veitch  &  Sens.— Baron  F.  von  Mueller,  Melborne.— C. 
Naudin,  Antibes.— I.  T.  B.— Max  Leichtlin,  Baden-B.den.- 
G.  A.  M.— H.  Cannell.— Diss.-G.  H.-E.  G.-L.  Kienait. 
— N  E  B.— C.  D.  P.  (too  late  for  this  week  s  issue).— H. 
Haiiland.-J.  R.  J.-H.  H.  C.-J.  F.-J.  B.-W.  S.  C.  B. 
— C.  F.  B.— A.  R.  I.. 


DIED.— On  November  15,  at  Wood's  Hotel,  Fur- 
nival's  Inn,  Christopher  Edmund  Broome,  of  Elm- 
hurst,  near  Bath,  aged  seventy-four. 


tarluts. 


CO  VENT    GARDEN^    November    iS. 

Prices  of  Grapes  still  keep  low,  large  qnantities  of 

late  sorts  being  sent  to  market.     St.  Michael  Pines  to 

hand  in  heavy  supply,  considerably  affecting  home  fruit. 

Business  quiet.  James  Webber,  Wfiolesale  Apple  Market. 


Fkuit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  J^-sie 
Grapes,  per  11 
Kent  Cobs,  ic 
Lemons,  per  c 


Pears,  per  dozen  . .  10-16 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  16-20 
—  St.  Michael,  each  16-66 
Plums,  5^-sieve       ..   09-20 


Vegetables.— AvB RACE  Retail  Prices 
r.  d.  s.  d. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  40-.. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb...  06-.. 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-2 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  o  4-  •• 
Carrots,  per  bunch..  06-.. 
Cauliflowers, perdoz.  30-.. 
Celery,  per  bundle..  16-2 
Cucumbers,  each  ..06-1 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..10-2 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  04-  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  03-.. 
Lettuce,  per  do 


;.d.  . 


Mushrooms,    punnet  _  _     _ 
Mustard  and    Cress, 

Onions,  per  bushel..  30-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-.. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..  40-5' 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  <>- 5  ' 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-.. 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-.. 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  . .  i  o-  i 
Turnips,  bunch       ..  04-  .. 


PoTATOs :—  Kent  Regents,  Sos.  to  iooj.  :  Schoolmasters,  70^. 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  looj.  *,  Magnums,  60s.  to  Sos.  per  ton. 

Pljijits  in  Pots.— Averagk  Wholesale  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i3  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz.  •  ■  9  o-^^  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-18  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  termlnalis, 
per  dozen  . .         .  •  3°  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Epiphyllum,  dozen. .iS  0-30  o 
Knca  gracilis,  doz...    9  0-12  o 

_  hyemalis,  doz.  ..18  0-24  o 

—  regeiminanSjdoz.  8  0-12  o 

Euonymus,    in  var., 
per  dozen  . .  •  ■  6  0-18  o 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  . .  . .  6  0-24 

Ficus  elastica  each..  16-7 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 
ous, e.ich   ..  ..2  o-io 
Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  t>-i2 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  40-6 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz.  . .  30-6 
Primula  sinensis.doz.  40-6 
Solanums,  per  dozen  9  0-12 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  bims.  4  c 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  . .  o  ( 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  ( 
Camellias,  12  blooms  3  c 
Carnations,  12  blms.  i  c 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  o  . 

—  12  bunches  ..  1  c 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  4  c 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  3  c 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  o  t 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  o  t 
Lapageria,  red,  12  bl.   i  c 

—  white,  12  blooms  2  c 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms  . .  ..4  c 

Marguerites,   per   12 
bunches     ..         ■•  3  ^ 


Primulas,    single,    12 

Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  ; 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.   1 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  1 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  i 
Tropaolums,  12  bun.  : 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  ; 
Violets,  12  bunches..    : 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  . .  . .   : 

—  Czar,  Ft.,  bunch  ; 


668 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


INOVE v'BER  20,    lg86. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Nov.  17.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons.  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C.,  report  to-day's 
market  quiet,  with  a  very  poor  attendance.  Rather 
more  attention  is  now  being  devoted  to  red  Clover  seed, 
and  a  further  advance  in  values  is  noted  in  France. 
New  Enghsh  white  Clover,  red.  and  Alsike,  have  begun 
to  be  shown,  but  very  little  actual  business  has  as  yet 
resulted.  There  is  a  better  feeling  for  grass  seeds, 
prices,  however,  still  keep  low.  The  late  rise  in  canary 
seed  is  firmly  maintained.  Rape  seed  continues  remark- 
ably cheap.  Rather  less  money  is  asked  for  Hemp  seed. 
Buckwheat  is  also  slightly  easier.  For  blue  boiling  Peas 
there  is  an  improved  sale.  The  new  Haricot  Beans  find 
favour.    There  is  no  change  in  Linseed. 


CORN. 


Mark  Lane  :  Nm.  15.— The  market  was  firm,  but 
the  tone  not  so  good  as  on  Wednesday  last,  and  the 
finish  extremely  quiet.  Good  English  Wheats  in  perfect 
condition  maintained  the  advance  of  6d.  on  the  rates  of 
this  day  week,  but  owing  to  scarcity  there  was  not  much 
done  in  them,  and  inferior  sorts  met  very  little  attention. 
Indian  Wheats  were  more  in  request  for  mixing  pur- 
poses, and  were  fully  6d.  dearer,  hard  Russian  and 
American  red  descriptions  participating  occasionally  in 
the  improvement.  There  was  a  better  market  for  flour, 
with  an  advance  of  6rf.  in  country  marks  and  American. 
Fine  malting  Barley,  with  a  steady  demand,  was  the 
turn  dearer  ;  but  second  qualities  were  barely  supported. 
Grinding  sorts  were  quiet  at  late  rates.  Oats  were  -^d, 
lower  (or  the  week,  in  consequence  of  heavy  arrivals. 
Beans  were  \s.  dearer.     Maize  was  rather  dearer. 

Nov.  17. — There  was  more  disposition  to  buy  English 
Wheats  at  the  extreme  of  Monday's  rates  :  foreign 
tended  in  the  same  direction,  and  Indian  sold  -i^d,  dearer. 
Flour  was  firm  all  round.  Fine  mailing  Barley  was 
fully  as  dear  ;  grinding  sorts  quiet  at  Monday's  quota- 
tions. Maize  was  firm,  with  more  inquiry.  Beans  and 
Peas  fully  supported.  Common  Oats,  of  which  the  bulk 
of  the  supply  consists,  were  dull  of  sale,  and  barely 
steady,  but  good  corn  firm. 

Average  prices  a\  corn  for  the  week  ending  Nov.  13  :— 
Wheat,  311.;  Barley,  27J.  8rf.;  Oats,  17J.  For  the  corre- 
sponding period  last  year  :— Wheat,  31J. ;  Barley,  20J.  id. ; 
Oats,  191. 

FRUIT    AND    VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Nov.  17. — Large  quan- 
tities of  vegetables  continue  to  arrive  here,  the  demand 
for  the  same  being  very  quiet.  Fruit  trade  britk,  re- 
alising good  prices.  Quotations  : — Apples.  3J.  to  71. 
per  bushel  ;  Pears.  41.  to  ioj.  do.  ;  Brussels  Sprouts. 
\s.  6d.  to  2j.  per  sieve  ;  Cabbages,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  6d. 
per  tally  ;  Savoys,  is.  to  2s.  do.  ;  Greens,  ij.  to  i->.  3d. 
per  dozen  bunches  ;  Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  2s  6s.  do.  ; 
Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  21.  do.  ;  Parsley,  is.  to  ij.  61/.  do,  ; 
Beetroot,  is.  to  2s.  6d.  do.  ;  Celery.  6d.  to  is.  per 
bundle  ;  Onions.  3t.  6d.  to  4^.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  ly. 
to  251.  per  ton  ;  Mangels,  173.  to  i8s  .6d.  do. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  16.— There  was  a  good  supply  of 
produce,  and  a  fair  trade  was  done  at  the  following 
prices  :— Cabbages,  is.  6d.  to  3s.  per  tally  •,  Savoys, 
zt.  6d.  to  3s.  do.  ;  Cauliflowers.  2J.  6d.  to  3s.  do.  ; 
Turnips,  ss.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  do.  30s.  to  40J.  per 
ton  ;  Carrots,  household,  251.  to  351.  do. ;  do.  cattle 
feeding.  2or.  to  22s.  do.  ;  Parsnips,  is.  per  score  ; 
Mangels,  155.  to  17s.  per  ton  ;  Swedes.  iSs.  to  22s. 
do.  ;  Onions.  70s.  do.  ;  Apples.  English.  31.  to  31.  6d.  per 
bushel  ;  Watercress,  6J.  per  dozen  ;  Beetroot,  11.  do.  ; 
Horse  Radish,  is,  6d,  per  bundle  ;  Celery,  gd.  to  is,  6d, 
per  roll. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Nov.  16.— The 
market  was  firm  and  the  recent  advance  well  supported 
for  best  samples.  Quotations  :— Kent  Regents.  70J.  to 
853.  ;  Essex  do.,  80J.  to  90U. ;  Magnum  Bonums.  651. 
to  851.;  Early  Rose,  60s.  to  80J. ;  and  Hebrons,  801.  to 
110s.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London):  N0V.I17. —Tmde  rather 
languid,  at  the  following  quotations  :— York  and  Lincoln 
Magnums.  551.  to  701. ;  Regents.  6oj.  to  751.  ;  Essex 
Regents.  701.  "to  80s.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  553.  to  751.; 
Cambridgeshire  Regents,   60s.  to  701.  per  ton. 

Stratford.;  Nov.  16.— Quotations  :— High  Mag- 
nums, 653.  to  8or.  ;  low  do.  ^os.  to  60J.  ;  Beauty  of 
Hebron,  903.  to  iooj.  ;  and  Champions,  531.  to  6«. 
per  ton. 

/mforfs.— The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  699  bags  from  Hamburg,  looi  Bremen,  24 
Harlingen,  2  Amsterdam,  18  Ostend,  84  Boulogne,  23 
Rotterdam,  and  1000  bags  from  Stettin. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Nov.  16.— Supplies  were  light,  but 
the  condition  was  against  the  sale  in  consequence  of  the 
rains  on  the  previous  day.  Prices  were  supported,  but 
the  demand  was  slower  than  on  last  market.  Quota- 
tions :— Clover,  prime,  SSs.  to  looi.  ;  interior.  703.  to 
843.  ;  hay,  prime,  701.  to  90J.:  inferior,  303.  to  651.;  and 
straw.  27,1.  to  381.  per  load. 

Nuv.  18.— There  was  a  fair  supply  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  dull  except  lor  straw,  prices  for  which  were  firmer. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  16.  Quotations  :— Hay,  70J.  to 
80s. ;  Clover,  70J.  to  gos. ;  and  straw,  28s.  to  52j.  ner 
load.  -"       '^ 


To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  havinj;  harve^ed  iheir  Crops  uf  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  kinds  of  GARDICN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  he  elad  to  make  Special  (lITeis  of  the  same— 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  of  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYE-GRASSES  and  NAIURAL  GRASSES— to  their 
Frie[id>  upon  application. 


TTELLEBORUS       NIGER,      imported, 

^■^  f  .r  plantinjt,  6j.  per  100. 

HELLEBORUS  NIGER,  extra  large  English  clumps,  grand 

specimens,  i2j.  and  i8j.  per  do^en. 
LILIUM  AURAIUM,  from  Japa.-,  2  inches  across,  joi.  per 

,.     LONGIFLORUM.  from  Japan,  16s.  per  ICO.  [roo. 

WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON.  Seed  and   Bulb   Merchauts, 
Exejer  Street,  Strand.  London.  W.C. 

To  the  Trade. 

SEED     POTATOS. 

HAND     F.     SHARPE'S     Special    Price 
•     LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS  is  now  ready,  and  maybe 
had  on  application.     It  comprises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cul- 
tivati'  n    grown   specially   lor    Seed    purposes    from    the    finest 
selected  stocks.     The  p  ices  will  be  found  very  advantageous. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


SEAKALE  —  SEA  KALE.  —  Special   Trade 
Offer  ol  Forriug  SEAKALE.  a  very  fine  lot ;   also  small 
FERNS  for  grow  ng  on,  several  varieties. 

HBT.  TlTfc.  Nur.e.yn.an,  Hampton.  Middlesex. 


Finest  Quality,  Extra  Cheap. 

MORLE      AND      CO.     offer:  — 
AZALEA  INDICA,  full  of  Hower-buds,  isi.,  21s.,  and 
30f.  per  d  zen, 
CAMELLIAS,  full  ol  Hjwer-buds,  iBs.  541.  to  361.  perdcz.n; 

specimens.  51.  10  15J.  each. 
RHODODENDRONS,  finest  named,  181  to  3or.  pet  dozen. 
DtUrZlA  GRACILIS,  e«lra  strong,  61.  per  oozen. 
SP1K/E4  JAPO.MICA,  extra  stror.g,  ,s.  per  d  «en. 
LILV  ..f  the  VALLEV,  extra  strong  Berlin  crowns.  6s.  per  ico. 
TUBEROSES,  Double  African  ar  d  American  Peirl.     Largest 
and   cheapest  stock  in  the  Trade.      See   special    HbT. 
Trade  Supplied. 
MORLE    AND    CO..    .   and  s.    Fer.church    Street;    and  at 
Child's  Hill  Farm  Nursery,  Fir.cHey  Road,  N.W. 


•(niiHSstitblisllti).  "" 

mi>  I    \ 

ORNAMENTAL   TREES,       { 

ffiult  Ilrccs,         I 

EVERGREENS  S  COVER  PLANTS.  [ 

Ann. LUCT^ERTRts.  PLANTS  I 
•••••••..••••••••••••«•► 

SPLENDID   QUALITY,   t 

NURSERIES    200   Acres.      E 

!  ?icli:tMfn!toniig.  Address  in  full—  \ 

I  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN,  | 

I  — >s^  Cbcstcr.  ^^^—  \ 


HO^Ae  OF  FLONNERS   | 

L«VR.6EST,  BtST.  CHEAPEST  ANQ  WS  ST  COWPt-ETE 
IN  EUROPE-  SENO  FOR  (=\   CATI^LOGiVJC  i 

SWAN  LEX-   KENT 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4rs.  per  bushel :  loo  for  35J.  :  truck  (loose,  about  a  tons), 

ioj. :  4-bushel  bags,  a,d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  51.   bd.    per    sack  ; 

5  sacks  «55.  ;  sacks,  vl.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  an.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  IJ.  91/.  per  bushel;  15J.  per  hall 
ton,  265  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  81.  id.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  a.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  ai.  Goldsmith's 
Street.  Dniry  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


KELP—  KELP  —  KELP.— 
This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  made  from  the  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digitata  and  other  selected  seaweed.% 
is  especially  rich  in  Potabh,  and  Phosphoric  Acid.  Mixed  with 
ihree  times  its  bulk  of  dry  soil,  its  effect  on  Vine  B  irder=, 
Tt  mato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene- 
ficial,  while  no  better  dressinK  exists  for  Poiato%  Peas,  Sea- 
kale,  and  Celery.  U  is  an  excellent  Renovator  for  Old 
Garden  Soil,  and  exhausted  and  Moss-grown  I^awns.  Price 
((or  cash  with  order  only).  8.'.  per  bushtl-bag,  b:»g  included. 
Cheap  through  rates  vt&  Southampton  or  Weymouih. 

J.  E.   FEREY,  La  Poudreiterie,  St.  Marlins,  Jersey. 

N,B.  — As  the  Seaweeds  selected    for  this  Ash  can  only  be 

haivested  duting  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  months, 

and  then  at  some  distance  from  the  mainland,  the   supply  is 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  lour  ton  trucks  of  lo 
yards  each,  at  \os.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  zi.  id,  per  bag. 
Rbododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNU.VI,  rol.  bd.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fiae,  lu.  per  too, 

WALKER  AND  1.0..  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  srthe  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  xs.,  2s.  6rf.,  5*.  bd., 
and  lol.  6(/.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbro-^k  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


.St  yellow  fibrous  . .     "V 
JD  COMPOST.best  Us.  1 
lU  LD,  best  only  ..     f 
lULD,        „         ..    J 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market    (All  sacks  included  ) 
PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous   ..    5J.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  td. 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .  41.  bd.      „      5  sacks  lor  aoj, 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   5J.  bd.      ,,      5  sacks  for  asj. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrt 
PREPARED 
LEAFMOUL 
PEAT  mould; 
SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ii.  6a.  per  bush.,  141.  half  t 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only u.  per  lb,  ' 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     &/.  lb.    28  lb.  i8». 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Speciality)    8</.  lb.,  28  lb.  181. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5J.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  2..  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  is.  6rf. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3i.;  i4)b.,  sr.:  281b..  8s.;  561b.,  14'.:  i  cwt  ,  22f. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  ouly-M  lb,  3J.;  28  lb. ,  5s.  6rf. ; 

561b  ,  loj.  bd.;  1  cwt  .  17J.  [per  busheL 

H'lRTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.bd 
COCOA-NDT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  '.bubo's  special  process), 

sacks.  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs   ;  15  sacks,  13'..  ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s ;  40  sacks,   30s.     I'ruck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 

2is.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only.  2S.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL,  LONDON.  E. 


rity  limited,  and  Orders  will  therefore  be 


E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials.,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

V  THE  ALLUVIAL  MANURES 

f\         are  made  from  a  peculiar  de,  osit  of  SEA  WEED, 
'      «                                               and  from 
MUSSELS,    BONES,     FISH,    POTASH,    and    BLOOD. 
By  systematically  varying  the  mixtures  of  thtse  materials  a 
dozen  varieties  of  Manures   are  produced,   each  compounded 
s  ecially  10  suit  its  own  gr.mp  of  plants.    This  system  has  been 
tested,  approved  of,  and  adopted  by  leading  Gardeners  through- 
out Europe,  and  :hould  be  tried  by  all  lovers  of  plants. 
In  packages  from  one  pound. 
Piices  from  51.  bd.  per  cwt.  and  upwards. 
Paiticulars  post-free. 
THE  ALIiUVlAI.   MANURE    COMPANY, 
26,  MARK  LANE,  E.G. 

ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  i6  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vine£ 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outUved  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  10s.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd,  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Ojvtrings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  :-  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  2S.  :  6  fi.  6  in.  by  4  It.  6  in.  at  as.  2d.  ; 
6  It.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  31  2d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  Clinton,  Tring,   Bucks. 

Russia  Mats-Raffla. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,  of  all   qualhies.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  &c      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
M  ARENDAZ  and  FISHER.  lamesSt..  Covent  Garden.  W.C 

S^  O  V  E  S. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Greenliaases,  Beilrooius,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRACOTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms.  &c.  Pamphlet.  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     Se«  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOUAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria   Street,    Weetminster,    S.W. 


November  20,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


d69 


HOT-WATF  R     PIPES, 


Latest      f'atCHAHOSOtfs" 

Improve- 
menta. 


NO  LOOSE  RINGS 

•RIOHARDSONS'  PATENT  UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 
The  most  inexperienced  can  fix  them.     Soundness  of  Joint  a 

certainty.     Highest  testimonials  and  references. 
Estimates  given  for  all  Material  ready  for   Fixing,   or  Fixed 

Complete. 

'  Amateur's "  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limited), 

Mansfield.  Notts, 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers,  Vases,  Fountains.  Seals.  &c. 

London  Agent:    W.    SIMMONS,    ii.   Crooked   Lane.   EC. 


w 


ANTED,     a    Second-hand    BOILER, 

Tubular  preferred.      State  feet  of  4-inch  pipe  it  will 
e,  particulars,  and  Drice  delivered  at  Braintree. 
L  WOODTHORPE,  Glazenwood  Nursery,  Braintree. 


"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,-^ 


I  7  9-5  ■   OF  HEAT 
_  &  CONSUMED    LESS    FUEL 

?*fR0DUOED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHEL  OF  FUEC 
h>;'6F  ANY  BelLER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL 

s  WON  FIRST  PRIZEirJ  THElOOOr^T 
ALSO    PRST  PRIZE,,! THE  SOOr^T 

2:S^      1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  "tSS. 

S.D'-PREVIOUS  AWARDL.  16  PRI2E  MEDnLS  5  DIPLOMAS] 
LX>r<;DON  I  5  REDCRCSS  S'  K  VICTORIA  DRY  GLAZING  WOBKS] 
J3f  FICE  1    GOUTHWARK  S'  ^^^^         HARLOW.  ESSEX 


STEVEN  BROS.  &  CO. 


HOT-WATER       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    &,    CO., 

4,        UPPER        THAMES        STREET,        LONDON,        E.C. 

BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIOsVS,       VALVES,      ^^  c. 

Plana  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Feacb  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  th< 

perfectioD  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  woik 
and  that  thh  vesv  best. 

Gonserratorles  and  Winter  Gardens  desisned  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  firm 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected   and  success  guaranteet 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes.  Hotbed  Boxes.  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues /ree.     Custcrrurs  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom, 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCKIPTION.  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES.  TENNIS  COURTS.  VERANDAHS.  &c 


JAMES  BOYD  k  SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 

HEATING   ENGINEERS, 

PAISLEY. 


It 

|3I 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS.  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIONS 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRTLNG  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


RUSSIA       MATS, 

FOR    COVERING    AND    PACKING. 

THE  LARGEST  ASSORTED  STOCK  IN  LOXDON. 

CATALOGUE  on  application. 

JAMES     T.    ANDERSON, 
H9.    COMMERCIAL    STREET,    LONDON.    E. 

W.    H.    LASCELLES   &   CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDER 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    EC. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES   and   CO.    w,ll    giv= .,,„   ,„, 

every  desoipiion   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
rai,  Bunhil)  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses  and 
Conservatones,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages 
sent  post-free  on  application.  ' 


Cncnmber  Frames. 
T>      HALLIDAY    AND    CO.    desire  to 

"7  V-  J*"*    SP"^"'    attention  to   tneir   Cucumber    Frames. 
of  which  they  always  have   a   large   stock,  reauy  glazed  and 
pamled      Thev  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivcica  to  any  station  in  England  :—       £  s.  d, 
-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  >    n     ,  •  1       t  ro    o 

■     ■     -  -       .  '   -  .       r  J'acking    )       J  '"    " 


3-light  frarr 


1  feet  by  6  feet 


5     5 


6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feel  j  ,     .«    «    « 

The  gLiss  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 

brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  pnces. 

R  HALLIDAY  AND  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

DEANE  ife  CO  M  No  58  CONSERVATORY. 

A  remarkably  hard-ome 

Price,  erected  complete 
(wiihbrickooikl.with- 


:.  H.W.Ap 


anvD»rtofiheconn,rv. 
LOUGHBOROUGH 
HDI-WajEK  APP. 
ARATUS  (fixed  com- 
pleu),exiia  as  below. 
Size.  Price.  H.W.Ap.  I        Size.  Price.   H.VV  Ap. 

iSfi.  by  9't..  ;(;45  lo  ..  X6  5  30ft.  by  15't..  ^[11  j  lo  .£,2  5 
aoft.  by  lafL.  62  10..  b  s  40't.  byi6ft.,  Iji  10,.  13  10 
25f.  by  i4't.,      88    o  ..   10  15  I 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatones,  Greenh  uses, 
&c..  WLih  Prices  lor  Erecri.  g  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS    made  in   any  p«l  of  ihe  l.,  u.try    FREE    OF 
CHARGE.     DESIGMSand  EiTl.MATEj  FREE. 

DEANK    &    CO., 


C.     F  E  A  Z  E  E, 

Horticultural  Bu'lder,  Norwich. 


IMPROVED  Three  quarter  Garden  FRAME 


These  are  the  best  Frames  of  the  kind  in  the 
good  Red  Deal.  Lights  2  inches  thick,  painted  I 


rket.   Made  of 
iur  coats  ol  oil- 


colour,  and  glazed 

comolele— 4  feet  bv  0  -e-.t 

12  feet  bv  6  feet,  £6  6a.  ;  10  feet  by  6  feet.  £r  178.  ;  au  leel  by 

6  feet,  £9  103.     Cases  51.  &■/,  to  lor.  6d.  ;  a.loaed  if  retu-ned. 

Carriage  paid  to  any  Rulway  Station  m  England  and  Wales  ; 
also  to  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  and  Belfast. 

Illustrated  Catalogue,  post  free,  two  penny  stamps. 


670 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  to,  1886. 


CHEAP  ENGLISH 
HORTICULTURAL     GLASS. 


100  squares  of  16-oz  glass  In  each  case  for  as  follows 

(Packing  Case  included),  free  on  rail  in  Leeds  :— 


■eckon  half  as  much  r 


HENRY   WAINWRIGHT, 

WHOLESALE  GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
8  and  10,   ALFRID  STBEET.   BOAR  LANE.   LEEDS. 


WIRING  FOR  GARDEN  WALLS. 


GALVANISED    WIRE, 
14   B.W.G.,   21.  per  loo  yards. 


GALVANISED    EYES,    iM  inch  from  shoulder  to  eye.   ^d. 
Ditto  TERMINALS,  with  Winders.  8j.  per  doz.  [per  ^oz. 

without  Winders,  2j.  3*/.  pc  aoz. 
Complete  CATALOGUE  of  all  kinus  of  Iron  and  Wire 


BAYLISS,    JONES    k    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  and  141,   Cannon  Street,   London,  EC. 
Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessarr. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


^   «mwi;t(v^f 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithatanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  \s.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manu'actory.  or  if.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowh,  Esq.,  TIte  RyUys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

■'  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thiog  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cae.k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks^  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.G.  ;  and 
11(6.  Stephen's  Green.  Dubhn. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  si^es,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxe?, 
3ds  and  4tlis  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ol  16-OZ.  glass  in 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBOE    FABMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfield.  London,  E.C 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  applicaium.     Quote  Chronicle. 

E     P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 


Rosber'B  Oarden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  Ihsy  har- 
bour no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up   httle    room,    and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blaclcfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "  ACME  "  FRAMES, 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES:  also 
for  FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3.1.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  pipes  and  Tdes 

of  all  kinds.     R'^ofing  Tiles  in  preat  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

*.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Pric?,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockenes  or  ." 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest, 
quantities. 


A  liberal  Discoun' 


HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NIGHOLLS    &    CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


PROTECT  YOUR    PLANTS 

"FRIG  DOMOJ 

REGISTERED    ^    "^   TRADE  MARK! 

For  price  list  &,  particulars  Address 


THE    NEW 


"DARLINGTON" 


GLASS   WALL-COVER 

Is  Mucli  Cheaper  than  any  other. 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

North  ot  England  Horticultural  Works,  DARLINGTON. 


c    o 


O     A 


DAVI  D      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATEE    ENGINEERS, 
GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBKOOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and  Estimates  on  application   for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  Buildings  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden   Frame!  and  Sashes   in   Stock. 


TOL^gSHOUSESScttEATmG: 


B.W.WA-R«II,KST 


JjllA.  BBADTOBT  STREET,  CHELSEA,  8.W.|fX  > 


BOILERS       FROM       40/ 

Complete  Apparatus  from  £■},  \^s.  dd. 


GEO.  WILCOX  &  CO, 


) 

HOT-WATER  and  GAS  ENGI- 
NEERS,  Manufacturers  of  the  Im- 
proved  Patent  CHAMPION  SLOW 
LOMBUSTION  BOILERS,  and 
I  ATENT  ACME  GAS  BOILERS, 
for  warming  Churches,  Conservatories, 
Hothouses,  Offices,  &c.,  by  Hot- 
water.  Requires  no  brickwork  ;  burns 
frfm    8   to  20  hours  ;    and    is    portable 

within  itself.    Price  from  40a.    in 

operation  at  the  Manufacturers'.  Fixed 
in  any  part  of  the  kingdom  under 
perse  nal  superintendence. 

Trade  supplied  with  every  descrip- 
tion of  Boilers  and  Hot-water  Pipes  and 
.- 1  itiings  at  Lowest  Prices.    Estimates. 

;85,     OLD     STKEET, 
Champion  Boiler  ST.  LUKES,    E. 


SMITH'S-COLCHESTER 

LIYE-LOIft   CAl^DY, 

THE      BEST      DIGESTIVE.  ' 


r  BurnioR  en  the  Chest  and  Fulsess  after  MeaU  :  or, 
taken  at  bsdtime,  by  its  warmth-giving  and  Stomachic  proper- 
ties Promoths  Slee?.  a  smiU  piece  dissolvel  in  the  mouth 
when  exposed  to  damp  and  cold,  Warms  the  Chest,  and  pre- 
vents those  injuries  which  arise  from  Chills.  It  is  invaluab'e 
to  all  Sportsmen,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Duchess  of 
Beaufort,  the  Marquis  of  Waterford,  &c.  Price,  15.  \%d.,  2J.  g-/., 
and  4J.  dd.  ;  of  all  Chemists.     Be  careful  to  buy  only  Smitm's- 

COLCHESTER    LlVK-LONG   CaNDY,    PREPARED    BV 

SHENSTOVE  (Late  Smith  &  Shenstone),  CHEMIST, 

COLCHESTER,  as,  in  consequence  of  its  p  pi'aruy,  and  the 
Per  post.  iJ".  i,d.,  t^j.,  and  5^.  ;  or,  samplt:.  free. 

New  and  Greatly  Enlarged  Edition. 

THE  FORESTER  ;  a  Practical  Treatise  on 
the  Planting.  Rearine,  and  General  Management  of 
Forest  Trees.  By  James  Brown.  LL  D  ,  Inspector  of,  and 
Reporter  on  Woods  ard  Forests.  Benmore  House,  Port  Elgin, 
Ontario;  assisted  by  his  boi,  Georgh  E  Brown,  Forester, 
Cumloden,  Newton-Stewart.  Fifth  Edition.  Enlarged  and 
Imoroved.  Royal  8vo.  with  nearly  200  Engravings  on  Wood,  36^. 

"  It  is  an  authoritative  guide,  and  a  reference  bjok  which  no 
forester  should  be  without." — Lattd  and  IVu'er. 

"  Our  one  s'andard  work  on  forest  management We 

have  here  all  that  any  one  can  desire,  either  as  history  of  forest 
trees,  iheir  life  history,  or  their  practical  management." -- 
Morntrt^  Post. 

"  He  has  condensed  a  perfect  encyc'opjedia  of  everything  re- 
lating to  woodaafi  as  now  understood  and  practised  in  every 

part  of  the  civilised  world He  dcei  all  that  printed  in- 

struc-.ions  cin  do  to  supply  the  place  of  a  regular  school  training 
in  forestry."— /'a//. lA///  Gazette. 

''  As  a  practical  text  book  f  jr  the  young  f  ire.'ter,  th?  work  is 
invaluable,  and  no  intelligent  youoe  man  following  the  p  o'es- 
sion  ought  to  rest  satisfied  until  he  is  in  possession  of  a  copy,  and 
has  carefully  studied  it  inall  its  details."— y=;«r?/fl/ g/Z't^yriA:)' 

New  ana  Cheaper  Edltlon- 

THE  LARCH  :  a  Practical  Treatise  on  its 
Culture  and  General  Manacement.  By  Christopher 
Young  Michie.  With  an  Introductory  Chapter  on  the  Larch 
Disease.     Crown  Svo,  5J. 

•'  Within  its  pages  the  planter  will  find  more  information  upon 
the  best  modes  of  treatment  and  culture  of  the  Lirch-iree, 
whether  in  the  nursery  or  plantation,  than  in  any  oiher  book 
ex-ant  in  the  English  \^.^%Wi%f-.''~'yournal 0/ Forestry. 

"  The  work  is  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  standard  litera- 
ture on  ^hoxxzyAX-xxx^r-Bay^ff  Journal^ 

New  and  Cheaper  Edition. 

A  BOOK  ABOUT  ROSES  :   How  to  Grow 
and  Show  Them.     By  the  Rev.  Canon   Hole.     Ninth 
Edition,  Revised,  fcap  Svo,  3(.  ^d. 

"  His  work  may  now  be  considered  the  most  complete  guide 
tothisinleresting  branch  of  floricuhural  art." — Saturaay  Kevicu; 

"  At  once  charming  and  instructive The  practical 

questions  of  position,  soil,  manure,  and  selection  are  carefully 
and  exhaustively  treated." — Standard. 

"  It  is  the  production  of  a  man  who  boasts  of  thirty  'all  Eng- 
land' cups,  whose  Roses  are  always  looked  for  anxiously  at 
fl  jwer  shows,  who  took  the  lion's  share  in  originating  the  first 
'  Rose  show  '  pur  ct  simple^  whose  assistance  as  judge  ot  amicut 
curiie  is  always  courted  at  such  exhibitions.  Such  a  man 
'ought  to  have  something  to  say  worth  hearing  to  those  who 
love  the  Rose,'  and  he  has  said  \x." —Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  and  SONS,  Edinburgh 
and  London, 

ADKIEL'S  ALMANAC  for  18S7.     Circula- 

lion  over  i^o.coo  Zadkiel  foretold  the  Earthquakes  in 
America,  the  War  in  Burmab,  the  Riots  in  London,  &c.— 
London  :  COUSINS  and  CO.,  6,  Helmet  Court,  (338)  Strand, 
London,  W.C.     Price  id. 


November  20,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


671 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Woric,  Manures,  &c.      Cheapest  pnces  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.G. 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  Dy  the 
T:>AILWAY  PASSENGERS' assurance 

X  Vi     COM  PANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £216,000. 

Compensation  paid    for    112,000    Accidents,    j^ia, 215,000. 

Chairman,  HarvieM.  Farquhar,  Esq, 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway  Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :— 3,  Grand  Kjtel  Buildings,  W.C. ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  SecreUry. 

WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business-South  of  England.-E.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

WANTED,  a  good  HEAD  WORKING 
GARDENER,  not  over  35.  and  married.— Slate  full 
particulars  as  to  character  and  wages,  &c.,  to  f. ,  Pearson  & 
Sons,  26,  Biihopsgate  Street  Within,  E.C. 

WANTED,  TWO  WORKING  GAR- 
DENERS,  as  First  and  Second  ;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced, willing  men,  under  40,  and  not  more  than  two  in  fami'y 
each  Second  to  Attend  Cow.  Poultry,  and  Clean  Boots.— 
Write  particulars  of  former  situations  held,  ages,  and  waE;es 
e.vpected,  to  "C.  D.,  803,"  Messrs.  Deacon's,  Leadenhall 
Stieet,  E.C. 

WANTED,   a    married    Couple    as    GAR- 
DENER   and    CARETAKERS.       The    Man    ir   - 
also  be  experienced  in  the   Management  of  Vinery  and  Gr 
houses. — Apply,    stating    all    particula—      *-     ^*-     rj*Di; 
Singleton,  Swansea. 


Mr.    HARRIS, 


WANTED,  for  a  large  Provincial  Nursery,  a 
GROUND  FOREMAN,  having  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  Cultivation  and  Values  of  Hardy,  Deciduous  and 
Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs.  Conifera:,  &c — Apply,  stating 
age,  experience,  wages  expected  and  all  particulars,  to  A.  D.  S,, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  4.,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W,C. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  with  a  good 
practical  knowledge  of  the  Cultivation  of  Forest  Tree, 
and  other  Seedlings.  Slate  experierc;  and  wages,-DELTA. 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,   CEMENT   ROCKWORK 

BUILDERS,— Apply  WM.    CLAPHAM.  Rock*ork 
Builder  and  Landscape  Gardener,  Bramhall  Park,  Stockport. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  young  Lady,  of 
good  address,  as  FOREWOMAN,  in  a  leading  Florist's. 
Must  have  good  ta^te  in  the  Arrangement  of  Cut  Flowers. 
Preference  given  to  one  who  has  Managed  a  Florist's  Business. — 
State  experience,  age,  and  wages  expected  to  TURNER 
BROS  ,  Florists,  2.  Parker  Street,  Liverpool. 


WANT    PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting 
is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  itt  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

TAMES    CARTER    and   CO.   have   at    all 

t/  times  Upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom.  W.C. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  aic  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  wil!  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
paruculars,  &c— St.  John  s  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


w 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

M.  CUTBUSH  and  SON  have  at  the  pre- 

sent  time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c.  — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm.Cutbush&  Son,  Highgate  Nurseries,  London, N. 


Qardenera. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  la  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  AND  CO.,  108,  High  Street,  Dumfries.  N.B. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

To  Gentlemen  atnd  Growers. 

MANAGER,  where  Choice  Fruit,  Cut 
Flowers,  &c.,  are  required  to  be  Grown  extensively  for 
market.— Advertiser,  thoroughly  experienced,  is  open  to  en- 
gagement as  above.  — G.  H.,  i,  Athelstsn  Read,  Harold  Wood, 
Romford. 

/^ARDENER  (Head),  age  32.— Mr.  Leach, 

V.J      Head  Gardener,   Albany  Park,   Guildford,   can   highly 
recommend  a  thorough  first-class  Gardener.  —Address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  Married  ;  for  the 
last  two  years  Gardener  to  Lady  PreECOtt,  satisfactory 
reason  for  leaving.  Good  character.— J.  DOWNER.  49,  North 
Road,  Highgate,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Good  Grower  of 
Choice  Fiuit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  also  Early  and 
Late  Forcing.  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and 
industry.— 5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  good  all  round  Man  in  every  Branch.  Highly 
recommended.— GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kim- 
bolton,  St.  Neots. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  four  or  more 
are  kept. — Age  48  :  well  up  in  all  branches  of  Gardening. 
For  many  years  Head  Gardener  to  the  Ute  G.  K.  Smith,  E^q  , 
Coloey  Hatch.— J.  PULLING,  White  House,  C  bey  Hatch, 
Middlesex. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  29.— R.  Hub- 
D\RD.  The  Gardens.  Rushton  Hall.  Kettering,  is  at 
liberty  to  engage  with  any  Lady  or  Gentlemm  rt-quiring  a 
thoroughly  practical  man.  Fifteen  years'  experience  \a  large 
establishments.     Good  teferences. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  married  ; 
seventeen  years'  experience-  Six  years'  good  character 
from  present  situation.  Leaving  through  reducing  establish- 
ment.—J.  ELWORTHY,  The  Gardens,  Scampston  Hall, 
Rillingtoa,  Yoik. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  28.  —  Mr.  J. 
WiLLARD,  Gardener  to  the  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts, 
Holly  Lodge,  Highgate,  N.,  can  very  highly  recommend 
the  Advertiser  to  any  Ladv.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman  as  a 
thoroughly  practical  man.  Good  testunonials  from  other  large 
places.— Please  apfly  as  above;  or  to  F.  W.  RUSSELL, 
Clayton  Villi,  Hastings  Road,  Ealing.  W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  42  ; 
twenty  years'  experience  in  Vines.  Cucumbers,  Melons, 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.— W.  P.,  tt.  Alpha  Place,  West 
Kilbum.  N.W. 


/^ARDENER  (Head  Working).— ^5  bonus 

V>^  to  anyone  who  procures  advertiser  a  comfortable  situa- 
tion in  the  country.  Thoroughly  experienced.  Highest  testi- 
monials—F.  H.  47,  Upper  Park  Road,  Hampstead.  London, 

G1  ARDENER  (He.\d  Working).— Age  38, 
'  married  six  years,  no  family  ;  sixteen  years'  previous 
character,  being  well  versed  in  all  branches,  including  Meadow 
Land.  Well  experienced  in  alterations  and  Manasement  of 
Men.— G.  MARSHALL,  Hoyle  Farm,  Dorking. 


GARDENER  (Head  Workingj.— Age  35, 
single;  good  cxpetieoce  in  all  branches  of  Gardening. 
Seven  years'  character  from  lite  employer.  Cause  of  leaving 
the  establishment  at  Torry  Hid.  Sittingbourne,  being  broken  up. 
—J.  BUTT,  102,  Stibbington  Street,  Oakley  Square,  N.W. 


GARDENER  ;  age  27,  married,  no  family.— 
F.  Ksllewav  can  be  recommended  by  his  employer  as 
to  personal  character  and  ability.— WM.  WATSON,  3,  Chis- 
wick  Lodge,  Devonshire  Road,  Chiswick. 


GARDENER,  Scotch;  age  40.— Edward 
George,  for  the  last  six  and  a  half  years  Gardener  to 
J.  W.  Boord,  Esq.,  M.P..  Ockenden,  Cuckfield,  Sussex,  and 
previously  for  eleven  years  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Clancarty. 
at  Garbally,  seeks  another  engagement  owing  to  his  late 
employer  leaving  Ockenden,  through  the  expiration  of  the 
lease.  Advertiser  has  had  great  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening,  and  has  been  specially  succesbful  in  the  profitable 
Culture  ot  Fruits  under  Glass.  Reference  kindly  permitted  to 
J.  W.  Boord,  Esq..  14,  Berkeley  Square,  W.— 2t,  Stamford 
Koad,  Fulham,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (where  help  is  given,  or 
Single  handed),  age  22.  —  Mr.  A.  Beech,  Head 
Gardener  to  E.  Hibbert,  Esq.,  Ashby  St.  Leger's Lodge,  Rugby, 
can  with  confidence  recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Under).  —  Age   20  ;    good 
reference  from  Lord  Haldon's  Gardens.     Can  be  seen  in 
London  if  desired.- WM.  BUZZ.^COT  r,  Kennford.  Exeter. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  good  General. 
—Age  27  ;  eleven  and  a  half  years'  experience  in  all 
branches.  Good  refetecces  —  J.  ROGERS,  Backhouse's 
Nurseries.  York. 


T^OREMAN,    in    a     good    establishment.— 

J-  Age  28  ;  first-class  testimonials  from  present  and  previous 
places.  Fourteen  years'  good  praciical  experience.  —  I, 
HEWITT,  Dunstall  Hall.  Burton- on -Trent. 

FOREMAN  ;  age  26.— Mr.  Birch,  Gardener 
to  Sir  W.  Eden,  Bart.,  Windlestone  Hall,  Ferry  Hill, 
Durham,  can  with  confidence  recommend  a  man  as  above  — 
Address  as  above  or  S.  HARRISON,  Stone  House,  Scotlands, 
Wolverhampton. 


FOREMAN.  —  A.  Gibson,  Gardener  to 
T.  F.  Bumaby  Atkins,  Esq.,  Halslead  Place,  Sevenoaks. 
Kent,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  Robert  Johnstone,  as  Fore- 
man. He  has  lived  on  this  estate  as  Foreman  for  the  last  three 
years  ;  he  is  well  up  in  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture,  and  is  a 
thorough  good  workman. 


FOREMAN. — Advertiser  having  resigned  his 
position  with  Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons  as 
Foreman  of  the  Coniferse,  Evergreen,  and  Hardy  Deciduous 
Shrubs.  &c.,  after  five  years'  service,  is  open  to  engage  with 
any  one  requiring  his  services  in  a  like  position.  Has  had 
twenty-one  years'  experience,  Inside  and  Out,  in  London  and 
Provincial  Nurseries.  An  unbroken  record  of  capability,  and  the 
most  satisfactory  references.— J.  H.  GIBBS,  27,  Walker  Street, 
Flookersbrook,  Chester. 


FOREMAN  (Working),  or  SALESMAN, 
in  a  Nursery. — Can  take  Charge.  Well  up  in  every 
branch  of  Nursery-work.  Five  years  in  lat  place.  Left 
through  death  of  employer. — L.  G.,  10,  Ackmar  Road,  Parson's 
Green,  S.W. 


FOREMAN,  or  PROPAGATOR.— Age  25  ; 
ten  years'  experience  in  the  general  run  of  Market  Stuff, 
Pelargoniums,  Bouvardias,  Ferns,  Solanums,  Primula*,  Cut 
Flowers,  &c.  Good  Salesman.— J.  LAMBERT,  i,  Bailey's 
Lane.  Stamford  Hilt,  London,  N. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATORor  GROWER. 
—Good  experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  Plants.— W,  R., 
Longland's  Nursery.  Sidcup. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.  — Age  26, 
married;  well  up  in  Softwooded  Plants  Ferns.  &c. 
Eleven  years'  experience.  —  E.  W.,  5,  Lordship  Cottages, 
Lordship  Road,  Stoke  Newiagton,  N. 

JOURNEYMAN  (Fir.st),  in  the   Houses.— 

^  Age  32,  single  ;  seven  years'  experience.  Good  references. 
—GEORGE  BARKER,  The  Nurseries,  York. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment. — Age  24  ;  nine  years*  experience  in  good  places. 
Two  years  in  last  situation.— G.  TILLEV,  Thomey,  near 
Peterborough.  Cambs. 

JOURNEYMAN  (Fir.st),  Indoors,  in  a  good 
establishment  ;  age  22. — Mr.  C.  Marshell  would  be 
pleased  to  recommend  the  above  to  any  Gardener  r«quiring  a 
steady  young  man.— C.  MARSHALL,  Arbury  Gardens,  Nun- 
eaton, Warwickshire. 

JOURNEYMAN    (First,   or   Second),   in 

ti  the  houses,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  21  :  seven 
years'  practice  under  Glass.  First-class  leslimoniaU.  —  F. 
LANGRIDGE,  Whalebone  Lodge.  Crawley,  Sussex. 

JOURNEYMAN.— J.  Hebden,  Hutton  Hall, 
York,  can  with  confidence  recommend  two  young  men  as 
above,  in  a  good  establishment.     Bothy  preferred. 

To  NURSERYMEN  and  GARDENERS. 
—Wanted,  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  or  Gentleman's 
Garden,  in  the  Houses. — Age  18  ;  three  years'  experience. 
Good  character  from  last  situation.— T.  KEMP,  Fern  Do«n 
Nurseries,  Wimborne,  Dorset. 

TO  THE  NURSERY  TRADE,  &c.  — 
Situation  wanted  by  a  young  man  who  is  quick  at 
PoUing  and  Tying.  Five  years  in  the  Market  Trade.  Good 
character  from  last  employer.  —  W.  O.,  10,  Williams' Terrace, 
Welling,  Kent. 

TO  NURSERYMEN  and  SEEDSMEN.— 
Advertiser,  who  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  both 
London  and  Provincial  Seed  and  Nursery  business,  and  is  a 
first-rate  Propagator,  requires  an  engagement. — Round  House, 
Newmarket  Road,  Cambridge. 

COWMAN,  assist  in  garden  on  a  Gentleman's 
Estate. — Married  ;  good  Poultryman.  Four  and  a  half 
years'  reference  fiom  present  employer.  —  W.  COLLYER, 
Dennis  Road,  East  Molesey. 

CLERK,  SHOPMAN,  or  TRAVELLER.— 
Age  26  :  ten  years*  experience.  Thoroughly  conversant 
with  all  branches  of  the  Trade.  First-class  references  from  past 
and  present  employers. — G.  H,,  James  Meredith,  Seedsman, 
Golden  Squara,  War  ington. 

Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  and  BOOK-KEEPER,  COR- 
RESPONDENT, or  TRAVELLER.— Age  23  ;  thorough 
Knowledge  of  the  combined  Trade,  both  London  and  Provincial. 
Good  Shorthand  and  French.  Highest  references. — B.,  Gar- 
deiiers'  Chronicle  Office,  4r,  WelUngton  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN. — Experienced  in  all  branches, 
and  Knowledge  of  Book. keeping.  Abstainer.— H.  P., 
Gurdeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 

Seed   Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT. —Age  25  ; 
nine  years'  experience  in  all  departments.  Presently 
first  counter  hand  in  a  Scotch  house.  First-class  references. — 
D.  C.  FLETCHER,  112,  Eglinton  Street,  Glasgow. 

SEED  TRADE. — Young  man  ;  seven  years' 
experience  in  the  Office  of  a  large  House.  Conversant 
with  Agricultural  Seeds.  Good  Correspondent  and  Shorthand 
Writer.— B.  M..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Health  or  Wealth. 
— No  sane  person  would  hesitate  an  instant  in  the 
choice  between  these  two  conditions.  Now  is  the  season  to 
secure,  the  former  either  by  restoring  or  confirming  it.  These 
Pills  ejtpel  all  impurities  from  the  system,  which  fogs,  foul 
vapours,  and  variable  temperatures  engender  during  winter  ; 
this  medicine  also  acts  most  wholesomely  upon  the  skin  by  dis- 
gorging the  liver  of  its  accumulated  bile,  and  by  exciting  the 
kidneys  to  more  energetic  action  ;  it  increases  the  appetite  for 
food  and  strengthens  the  digestive  process.  The  stomach  and 
liver,  with  which  most  disorders  originate,  are  fully  under  the 
control  of  these  regenerative  Pills,  which  act  very  kiodly  yet 
more  efficiently  on  the  tenderest  bowels. 


672 


THE     C/JRDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  20,  1886. 


Extract    from    the    "Lady's    Pictorial"   of  23d  Oct.,    1886. 

"  Most  of  our  readers     vince  our  readers  that  they  deserve  the  highest  praise. 


mend  these  goods  to  the 
being  entirely  suitable  for 
Large   Boxes  of  Patterns 


are  already  familiar  with 
the  beauty  and  merit  of  the 

Darlington  Dress  Fabrics 

Manufactured  by  Messrs. 
Henry  Pease  &  Go's 
Successors,  at  the  Mills, 
Darlington. 

'■  The  Novel  Patterns 
and  Designs  especially 
prepared  for  the  present 
season  are  exceptionally 
successful,  both  as  regards 
colour  and  texture,  and 
we  can  thoroughly  recom- 
notice  of  our  readers  as 
autumn  and  winter  wear, 
will    be    sent    immediately 


upon   application   at    the    above    address,    and    the 


"  It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate  the  immense 
advantages  of  obtaining  goods  in  this  manner  direct 
from  the  original  manufacturers,  since  there  remains 
literally  only  one  man,  and  therefore  only  one  profit, 
between  the  wool-producing  animal  and  the  person 
who  eventually  wears  the  woollen  goods.  Where 
there  is  only  one  profit  to  be  made,  as  in  this  case,  it 
is  clearly  evident  that  the  purchaser  must  benefit 
largely,  since  there  is  no  middle  man  to  swallow  up 
the  intermediate  gains.  This  being  so,  our  readers 
will  do  well  to  make  the  most  of  their  opportunity, 
and  write  at  once  for  Patterns,  which  are  naturally 
greatly  in  demand  at  the  present  season  of  the  year. 

'  We  must  mention  as  specially  appropriate  just 
now  the  Darlington  Cross-warp  Serges,  tne  all-wool 
foules,  and  the  Gold  Medal  Cashmeres,  for  these 
materials,  together  with  all  the  other  Darlington 
Dress   Fabrics,  are  fine  and  sofc  in  texture,  artistic  in 


novelty  and  beauty  of  the  fabrics  will   quickly    con-     colouring,  and  entirely  novel  in  design." 

HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S successors,  DARLINGTON. 


[Established 
in  1752. 


All  Parcels  are  Carriage  Paid,  and  any  Article  can  be  Changed  within  Seven  Days. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME. 

CAMBRIC 


M   (     THE 
I  QOEEN. 


"RISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-     K  E  RCH  r  E  FS.  Hemmed  fnr  Use.     Per  dozen-Child- 
n's.    U  2/.  ;    ladies',  2'.  VAI  \    Oentlemeri's,  3s.  6/. 
em-t  iched  —  Ladies',    2».     W,id.  ;    G«D 
imples  poit-'ree. 


4..    11-/. 


TRISH 

MADE 

SHIRTS 

Best    Quality 

Ih    Bodies, 

wiih   four-fold 

all 

linen    Frouls   and 

Cuff,.  35.. 

W.  the  halt 

dozen  (to  mea 

suie 

2..  extra)       New 

Des'gns  m 

cur  special 

ndian   Gauze. 

P.l 

n'.ed  Shirtings,  and 

unshiiukable 

Flan.  e!s  for 

ihe  season. 

"  Tnese  goods  combine  the  merits  of  excellence  and  eheipness."— Coart  Joi 


THISH  LINEN 

J-      Cnllars— Udies"   a 

COLLARS  and  CUFFS.   | 

nd    Children' 

s   ihree-fold,    3l.    bd. 

per  dozen  ;  Gtnclemeu'a 

four-fold,  4r 

llrf.  toSi   lit.  per 

dozen.  Tuffs  fur  Ladies. 

Gentlemen,  a 

nd  Children.  6s.  llrf. 

to  IOj.  9^   per  dozen. 

'Their  lri,h 

Linen  Collars,  Cuff,. 

Shirls   &:.,  have  theme 

it  ot  excellen 

ce  and  cheapness  "  — 

Court  Lifcuhxr      Samp 

e^  po..I-fre« 

POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.— Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetings,  fully 

X  bleached,  2  yards  wide,  Is.  8/.  per)  ard  ;  2/3  yards  wide,  2-.  4J^(/. 
per  yard  (ihe  most  du'abi:  article  made,  and  far  ^upeiiir  to  any  foreign 
ma  lufactured  good-).  KoIIer  TowellinE,  18  inches  wirle,  3J4'/  per  yard. 
Surr.hce  Liner,  W  per  ja.d;  Check  Dusters,  2s.  id.  Glass  Clolhs, 
4i.  ^d.  per  dczen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Di^iers  8!4rf.  per  yard. 
Samples  post-free.      Frilled  Linen  P.llow  Cases  from  It.  VAd  each. 


'Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— 7Ac  L.idy. 


TRISH     DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN.— Fish    Napkins, 

-JL  2r- 6rf.  rerd-zen.  Dinner  Napkins,  4s.  6(/.  per  dozen.  Table  Cloths.  2  yards 
square,  2(  9  i.  :  1My>.\Ai  by  3ya.d„  6..  6</.  each.  Kitchen  Tab'e  Crolhs, 
\\\id.  e.cli.  btiong  Hu;kabuck  Towels,  4..  4'.  per  dozen.  Monograms,  Cie^ts. 
Coais  of-Arins,  Initial-^,  &c.,  woven  and  embroidered.     Samples  post-free. 


HANDKERCHIEFS, 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST 

[By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany  ) 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE   FORM    OF   SUBSCRIPTION. 

W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 


1886. 
Months, 


commencing  _^ 


_,  for  which  I  enclose  P. O.O.  ^ . 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance,  ^^^j 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  ^i  y.  lad.  ;    6  Months,  11^.  wd.  ;    3  Months,  ds.  ;  Post-free. 
FOREIG.N  SUBSCRIPnONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  ^t  bs.  for  Iwelve  Months.      India  and  China,  £\  Zs.  2d. 

P.O.O.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,   to   IF.  RICHARDS.     I       ^^T 

Cheaues  should  be  cmssed  "  DRUM  MONO.''  I   '*°'^-  "'•  ^^ 


Editonal  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  AdverlisemenU  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  OfBce  of  Messrs.  Bradbukv,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  Counts  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  bv  Ihe 
»aid  William  Richards,  at  the  OBBce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  io  Ihe  said  County Saturday,  November  ao,  1886.     Ag«nt  for  Manchester— Iohn  Hb 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


€statJli£if)eti  1841. 


No.  674.— Vol.  XXVI.  {series.}  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  27,  1886.        |p^o!SL':isTN\espTi}po!d\^^^^^^^ 

SPECIAL     NOTICE.— On   and   after  Jan.  1,   1887, 
the    Price    of    the    "GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE" 

v/ill     be 
REDUCED      TO      THREE      PENCE. 


CONTENTS. 


Ahlei  and  Picea  .. 
Adiantum  Farleyensc 
Agricultural  retutns 
Andr^  Leroy 
Australian  and  New  i 

land  tn 
B  ok— 

Church's    Food  Grs 
of  India 
Camellia 


nnell's 


H.    &    Sons', 


I  :  Obituary— 

I      Broome,  Mr.  C.  E.     ., 
}  '      A.  Van  Geert    . . 
I  Orchid-houses,  the 
Papperitzia  Liebdldi 
Plants  and  their  cullun 
Primula  Reidi      . . 


Chrysanthe 
Catasetum  tigrinum 
Ch  ysanthrmum  shows  . 
Cattleya  granulo-a 

CI  r,.dendron 
Cypfipedium 
DUsseldorf,  f 

Hyacinths,  r 

Lastrea  lepida 


Hull  and  East  Riding 
Isle  of  Wight   .. 

Lincoln  

National     Chrysanthc- 


Daffodlls,  or,  as  Master  Gerrard  called  tbem, 

DAFFADOWNDILLIES,      CHALICE 
FLOWERS,  and  LENT  LILIES, 
Sse  Large  Advertisement,  and  send  for  Illustrated  DAFFO- 
68i         DI  L  CAl  ALOGUE,  free  to  intending  purchasers. 

BARR  AND  SUN.  12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W  C. 

697       TT'ENTIA  SEEDS. — A  new  importation  jiast 

687         A*-     come   to  hand  :    75  per  cent,   guaranteed  to  germmate. 
63o    I     Por  Trade  price  and  samples  w.'  ite  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.  Breslau,  Germany. 

IuTJm      AURATiJm.  —  Good,   "plump, 

sound  Bulbs,  6.1.,  gt.,  12s.,  tSs.,  and  24^.  per  dozen; 
extra  strong.  30*  ai.d42j.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM    BULL'S  Establi  hment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  Kirgs  Road,  Chelsea.  London,  S.W. 


Winchester 
York    Ancient    Floris 
Tobacco,    effects     t  f    { 


D 

ESCRIPTIVE 

CATALOGUE.  — 

Roses, 

Fruit 

Tre 

ss.  Rhododendr 

Decid 

l^lllS 

Ever 

green  Trees 

and  Shr 

jbs,  C 

mbing  Plant 

for  w 

,lls 

X-c; 

H'ore 

St  Trees 

A  7a 

lea-^.  Car 

nellias 

&c      Free  on 

H. 

LANE 

AND 

SON,  The  Nu 

series.  Berth 

amsted 

H 

it.s. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Chrysogonum  virgiaianum 

Clerodendron  nutans        

Corylus,  Monstrous  Flowers  of 


*,*  OUR  ALMANAC  for  1887. 

Secretaries  of  Provincial  and  Metropolitan 
Horticultural  Societies  are  ininted  to  send 
us,  not  later  than  THURSDA  V  NEXT, 
Dec.  2,  the  Dates  of  their  Meetings  and 
Exhibitions  during  the  ensuing  year,  so 
as  to  ensure  their  insertion. 

To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  liinds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offers  of  the  same — 
also  Samples  and  Quoiations  of  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYE-GRASSES  and  NATURAL  GRASSES  —  to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 

The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     First- 
class  Certificale.  Royal  Horticultural  Socieiy,  1S83. 
Large  Canes,  C'K  per  100,  gr.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowance  to  Trade.     5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A.  FAULKNER.  Inkpen,  Hungerlord. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders.  &c 
Plants,  Flowers,  Frl'its  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty, 

WM,   J.   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 

ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS.  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 

and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 

For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 

Address,    25.    Wellington    Street.    Strand.     London,    W.C. 

JMPORTANT    10    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Cau- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S  E. 
Telegrams—"  Floriculture  London."      Established  1854. 


Just  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85;  con- 
talning  aU  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  ofienng  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Walk, 
Colchester. 


E 


Now  13  the  time  to  Plant 
E      R      G      R      E       E      N 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free, 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 


w 


The  Tunbrldge  Wells  Nurseries,  Kent, 
NOnCE. 

MESSRS.  THOMAS  CRIPPS  AND  SON 
hereby  give  notice  that  Mr.  WILLIAM  CHAPMAN 
is  their  only  authorised  TRAVELLER  and  BEPRESENTA- 
TIVE  in  the  United  Kingdom 

n^O  THE  TRADE.— Green  EUGNYMUS. 
-L  splendid,  well-growo  stuff,  I  foot,  i2j.  ;  1J2  foot,  i6j. ; 
2  feet,  2S5.  per  too  ;  very  str. :ng  and  bushy. 

A.  U.  GORRINGE.  73,  lerroinus  Road,  Eastbourne. 

PRIVET.— A  Large  Stock  of  exceedingly  fine 
bushy  oval-leaved  Privet,   4  to  6  feet  high.     Price  oa 
applicition  to 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames. 

FLOWERING  SHRUBS.— LILAC,  MOCK 
ORANGE.  WEIG".LA.  ALM')ND,  ALIHEA,  BER- 
BERIS,  CHERRY,  CY  fl^SUS,  HYDRANGEA,  HVPE  Kl- 
CUM,  MtZEREUM,  RIBES.  SPIRjEA,  RHUS,  VIBUR- 
NUV1    ,<ic.  ;  8r.  per  dozen,  50J.  per  too.    D-scriative  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

O1ES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — The    finest 

f  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  61. 
package    included.     Special    prices   for  quantities. 


H 


Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  On  pots). 

FRANCIS  R.    KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
stocks  of  the  above  in  all  lead.ng  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  apohcaiion. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  ooen  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  oblain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 

SO  U  E  L  CH  AND  B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 
NorthRow.CoventGarden.  London.VV.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  wli'ch  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  line  Black  Grapes.  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  ch  >ice  Flowers  &c 

•^  (2  U  E  L  C  H      AND      B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

^^     giving  personal  attentisn  to  all   c-nsignments    ihey  are 
thus  enabled  to  obiain  the  HIGHEST  MAKKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH      AND      BARNHAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKb.TS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Important  to  Growers. 
ISE    AND    RIDLS    are  Cash  Purchasers 

cf  good  and  well-packed  Blooms  of  the  fjllowing  :— 
EUCHAKIS,  SIEPHANOTIS.  ROSES.  ORCHIDS, 
really  fine  Specimen  Flowers  cf  CHRYSANTHEM UM,  &c. 
Sena  sample,  and  state  quantity  to 

WISE  and  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

ESSRS.     GREGORY    and     EVANS, 

Nurserymen,  Sidcup.  and  28s,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any 
quantily  for  their  Commission  Department.     Boxes  and  Labels 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  G  mroissirn,  Sidcup." 

Ash  Plants  for  Walking  Sticks. 

WANTED,  Large  PLANTS,  measuring 
?4  inch  and  upwards  in  diameter  a  foot  from  the  root. 
Must  be  itraight  grown.  Send  isample  and  say  Price  and 
Quantity  can  supply  to 

HENRY    HOWELL    and    CO..    .S.ick  and  Cane  Manu- 
facturers, Old  Street,  Londou,  E.G. 


TEN   LARGE   CAMELLIAS,  very  fine,  full 
of  fl  iwer-buds.  in  pots  and  tubs,  6  to  to  feet,  specimens.— 
Apply  to  WILLIAM  B\RRON.  Nurseryman.  Sketty,  Swansea. 

Rhododendrons 
TOHN   WATEKEK   AND    SONS,  Bagshot, 

t'       Surrey,  are  the  Great  Exhibitors  of  Hardy  Scarlet  and 


SPIR^A        JAPONIC   A, 
fine  imported  clumps,  I2j.  6d,  per  100. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  (German  Crowns),  very  fine. 

Low  offers  on  application. 

WATKINS   and   SIMPSON,   Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 

Exeter  S.reet,  Strand,  W.C. 

Hollies  for  Hedges. 

JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO.   ofter  a  very 
ftnestocko'Gieen  HOLLIES  for  Hedges.  Sizes,  6,  9,  18, 
24,  to  36  inches.  Pric-s,  with  samples  if  desired,  on  application  10 
JOHN  CRANSTON  and  Co.,  King's  Acre,  Hereford. 

OSES— ROSES— KOSES.— Strong  Plants, 

best  varieties  :— 30  H  P.'s  and  10  Teas  lor  2,j.  Teas  in 
puts,  Qi.  and  2r.  per  doz  ,  751.  per  100  and  upw.iids.  Standard 
H  P.'s,  chr.ice  vars.,  121.  per  doz.  Six  large  PALMS  to  be  sold 
cheap.       EDWI.«4   H  ILLIER,  Nurseries,  Winchester. 

FRUIT  TREES.— Well-ripened  cle.in  trees. 
Best  sons  of  APPLES,  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES,  Standards  and  Pyramids,  is.  6r/-  to  2r.  6<i.  each  ; 
Trained.  2S  6,/  t0  3<.6rf.  each  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES, 
and  PEACHES,  extra  large  trained  Fruiting  Trees,  51.  10  71.  6d. 
each.  CATALOGUES  gratis. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

FOR  SALE,  large  PEACH  and  NEC- 
TARINE  TREES,  fdn  trained  and  in  splendid  bearing 
condition  :  Bellegard  and  Diamond  Peaches,  hil'  standatds  ; 
Albert  Victor,  and  Humboldt  Nectarines,  standards  Also 
several  fine  Specimens  of  FLOWERING  and  FOLIAGE 
PLANTS. 

'C.  ROBERT,  Highfield  Hall,  near  Leek. 

Strong  Standard  Fruit  Trees,  ready  to  bear. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES,  best  kinds,  cheap;  Fruiting  CUR- 
RANTS,  3feet,  rci  :  GOOSEBERRIES,  3-yr«.,  lor.  perioo  • 
President  and  Vicomtesse  H.  de  Thury  STRAWBERKIES, 
'  '  s,  large  plants,  2J.  61/.  per  too  : 


/CHARLES     SHARPE     AND     CO,    Seed 

V_^  Merchants,  Slealord,  having  now  completed  Harvested 
their  selected  Stocks  of  SWEDES,  TURNIPS,  MANGELS, 
and  other  varieties  of  Agricultural,  Kitchen  Garden  and 
Fliwer  Seeds,  will  have  much  pleasure  in  making  Special  Ofieis 
to  the  Trade  on  application. 


674 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


LNOVKMBKR  27,    1886. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

>.    Ou   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 

the   Price  of  the 

"Gardeners'  Chronicle" 

will  be 

Reduced      to      Three      Pence, 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Dutcb  Bulbs. 

Every  MONDAY.  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
«iil  SELL  bv  AUCTION,  at  iheir  Central  =aV  Room^. 
67  and  fS  Ch-ao-ide,  E  C,  every  MONDAY.  THURSDAY, 
a'd  I^ATURDAY  at  half.past  i.  o'Cl  cV  prec-elv  each  day 
ex.iiMve  co'iMinrnent*  o(  HYACINTHS.  TUI  IPS.  CRO 
CU'S,  NARCISSUS,  and  mhsr  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  ex 
cellcnt  quality,  and  lotted  lo  ^uit  the  Tade  and  Private  Buyers 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Monday  Next. 

3000  LILIUM  AURATUM.  splendid  Bulbs,  just  received 

from  Japan. 

1500  SPIR/EA  JAPONICA.  fine  clumps. 

ME.SSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  the  SALE  of  BULBS, 
at  their  Central  <=ale  Rooms.  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on 
MONDAY  NliXT,  N 


On' 


;ng  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


aspersun 


Tuesday  Next,  _ 

SPECIAL  and  IMPORTANT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS 
in  FLOWER. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTIOM,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms.  67  and  68,  Cheap.ide,  E.C..  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
November  30.  at  hafpistti  o'Clnr-lt  precisely,  a  large  quan- 
tity of  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  or  Bud  from 
various  c  U-ctions.  and  amongst  the  numerous  species  wd!  be 
found  the  following  valuable  plants  : — 
Co=logvne  cristata  alba  1  Cypripedium  alba  purpureum 

,,     Gardneiiana  |      „    grandis 

Masdevallia   ignea  Massange-        „    inMgne  Maulei 

ana  Aneraecum  sesquipedale 

Dendrobium  nobile  nobilius  Odontoglossom  Insleayi  splen- 

Saccolabium  illustre  deiis 

Catileya  bicolor.  fine  specimen  \      ,,    Rossii 
Cypripedium     Morgana,    fine  grand    -    - 

plant  I  ins  3°  flowers 

Odontoglossums,  Calanthes,  Cypripediums,  Masdevallias,  and 
many  others. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
300  choire  Double  CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS,  beautifully 
budded;    sco  Standard    and  Dwarf  ROSES,  fine  named 
trees-    selected    FRUIT    TREES,    CONIFER-*,    and 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  BULBS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above,  at  the  Cily  Auction  Rooms  38  and 
39.  Gracechurch  Street,  EC,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  Novem- 
ber 30,  at  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sile.    Catalogues  at  the   Rooms,  or  of 
the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Friday  Next. 

ANGRyECUM  SCOTIIANUM. 

.,     LEONII. 
ONCIDIUM  MACRANTHUM. 

,     UNI.ULATUM. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM   PARDIVUM. 

„     HALLII    LEUt-OGLOSSUM. 
CATTLEYA  PERCIVALIANA.      „^^^„ 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  favoured  with  instructions  from  Mr.  F.  Sander  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  th.ir  Central  Sak  Rooms,  67  and 
68,  Cheapside.  London.  EC,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  Decem- 
ber 3,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  p.eciselv,  a  wonderful  importation 
of  the  extremely  rare  ANGR/ECUM  SCOTIIANUM;  the 
plants  are  in  a  m;st  superb  condition,  and  consist  of  masses  of 
extraordinary  size,  nothing  approaching  them  having  ever  been 
seen  in  this  country.  Also  impottatmns  in  fine  tiealin  01  J\. 
LEONII  ONCIDIUM  MACRANTHUM,  O.  UNDULA- 
TUM,  rare  and  beautiful;  O.  NUBIGENUM,  in  large 
masses-  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PAKDINUM.  O.  HALLII 
LEUCOGLOSSUM,  O.  EDWARDII.  CATILEYA  PER. 
CIVALIANA,  &c.  ,  u   J 

On  view  ra-irning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 

ANGR^CUM  SCOTTIANUM. 
The    most   remarkable    Importation  ever   seen. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instrurted  by  Mr.  F,  Sander  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68  Cheap- 
side.  London,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT  Deceinber  3.  at 
V,  i(  ^«  t  ...  n'l-lnr-L- nr»«ri>.clv  ihe  prandest  tlot  ever  incioduced 
Sflh'Lex'reLVySreANG'K^^CUM  SCOTTIANUM.  The 
pla'  ts  are  io  most  supeib  condition  and  in  extraordinary  mawes, 
noihing  approaching  them  having  ever  been  seen.  This 
Angraicum  is  not  only  one  of  the  rarest  extant,  but  also  one  ot 
the  most  beautiful.  Its  pure  white  flowers  are  round  and  com- 
pact, nearly  3  inches  across  ;  the  si.ur  measures  some  6  inchf  s, 
andisofaliuhiishred.    Itis  llguredinthe  C<i>-"/<'«e>-s  Chrmiulc, 

■'"'lyre  wiirklsX'induded  in  the  above  Sale  ANGR^CUM 
LEONII  in  grand  piec's ;  ONCIDIUM  MACRANTHUM, 
the  rare  and  beautiful  ONCIDIUM  UNDULATlJM^ 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  PARDINUM,  OOONTOGLObSUM 
HALLII  LEUCOGLOSSUM.  a  fine  lot  of  CATILEYA 
PERCIVALIANA,  ONCIDIUM  NUBIGENUM,  m  large 
masses;  ODONTOGLOSSUM  EDWARDII,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Brixton,  S.W. 
IMPORTANT   ro  MARKET  GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  an  EARLY 
DATE  (unle-.s  an  acceptable  offer  either  to  rent  or  ourcha^e  be 
made  previously),  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY  and  about 
20.000  feet  of  Gl-ASS,  all  in  capital  working  order.     Ground 

" Arra^emeits  can  be  made  for  allowing  a  portion  of  the 
money  to  remain,  thus  bringing  the  property  wuhin  the  reach  of 
small  capitalists.  , .     . 

Further  particuUis  will  appear  next  week,  and  in  the  meantime 
can  be  obtained  of  the  Auctiineers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  EC. 


FOR  SALE,  a  FRUITERER  and 
FLORIST'S  high-class  Business  (now  under  manage- 
ment) situate  in  centre  of  wealthy  neighbourhood.  Comlonable 
residence.  Handsome  Shop,  elaborately  fitted.  Stabling,  &c.  ; 
long  lease  ;  splendid  opportunity  lor  practical  man. 

Mr.  E.  MORLEY.  Business  Transfer  Agent,  a?.  Edgware 
Road,  Marble  Arch.  W.    ^  

Handbridge  Nurseries,  Chester. 
TO     NURSERYMEN     AND     SEEDSMEN. 

O  BE  SOLD  by  Tender,  the  GOODWILL 

in  the  above  NURSERIES,  held  under  a  lease  from  His 
e  the  Duke  of  Westminster,  K.G.  for  an  unexpired  term  of 
years,  at  an  annual  rent  of  i;50  loi  ,  and  extending  - 
to  an  acreage  of  7a.  a  r.  31  p.,  which  is  in  a  high  state 


T 


Bulbs  -  Bulbs-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY 
and  SATURDAY,  Fiist-class  BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted 
to  suit  all  buyers.  .  -,      ,  .     . 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  CaUloguefi  had. 

Wednesday  Next— <Saie  No.  7285) 
Sooo   Grand    Bulbs  of   LIUUM    AURATUM,  just  received 
from  Japan  ;  first-class   Standard  and   Dwarf  ROsES  to 
name,  BORDER  PLANTS.  S;c. 

MR  T  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the 
above  in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great 
Rooms,  38.  King  Sueet,  Covent  Garden,  WC,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY NEXT,  December  i. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  la  Flower  and  Bud. 

MK  I  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHinS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  a't  1i  s  Great  Rooms,  38  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden.  W.C.  on  THURSDAY,  December  .6,  and  he  wdl  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  ot  Entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
please  send  particulars  as  as  soon  possible. 


Wednesday  Next. 

500  CAMELLIAS  and  AZALEAS,  very  fine  Plants,  well 
budded;  PALMS,  and  othfr  Plants  fmm  Belgium  ;  600 
English  grown  STANDARD  and  DWARF  ROSES;  a 
choice  assorrment  of  English  grown  LILIES  and  other 
HARDY  BULBS;  Barr's  beauiiful  DAFFODILS; 
CARNATIONS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  SPIRi«AS, 
Dutch  BULBS  in  variety,  &c. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    AND   MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale    Rooms.    67  and  68.  Cheapiide,  E.C.  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  Dcembcr  1.  at  half-past  12  o'Clotk  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Piae-apDle  Nursery,  Bdg-ware  Road,  W, 

In  consequence  of  the  Closing  of  the  Colonial  and  Indian 
Exhibition. 
HIGHLY  IMPORTANT  SALE  of  SPECIMEN  PLANTS, 
by  order  of  Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son.  who  have 
completed  their  contract  for  furnishing  the  Conseivatories 
at  the  above  Exhibition,  and  are  compelled  to  dispose  of 
the  plants  through  want  of  room  to  house  them. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
a.elavoured  wiih  instructions  from  Messrs.  E.  G,  Hen- 
derson and  Son  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises,  as 
above,  on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  December  i 
and  2,  at  la  o'Clock  precisely  each  day,  the  above  valuab'e 
COLl,ECT10N  ol  PLANTS,  offering  an  exceplional  oppor- 
tunity lor  securing  rare  specimens  Irom  this  iatercstitig  Exhi- 
bUion.  Among  the  Palms  are  noble  examples  of  Phceoix, 
Kentias,  Chamerops,  Arenas.  Cotyphas,  Latanias,  Seaforihias, 
splendid  spccini-n  Encephalartos  (unequalled  in  this  country, 
except  at  Kew  Gaidcnsl  ;  grand  Tree  Ferns  in  many  species, 
Ncpenthrs,  also  a  choice  assortment  of  Ornamental  Plants, 
Palms,  Ferns,  Azaleas,  Begonias,  Orchids,  flowering  bulbous 
lODts  :  Roses,  Carnations,  &c. 

May   be  viewed.     Catalogues  may  be  had  00  the  Premises, 
and  Valuers,  67  and   68,  Cheapside, 


of 


Togeiher  with  the  valuable  stock  growing  thereon,  which  con- 
sists of  young  and  healthy  Trees,  Plants,  &c.,  capable  of  imme- 
diate removal  for  business  purposes.  Arrangements  can  be  made 
for  a  transferof  the  Lease.  A  detailed  Inventory  and  Valuation 
can  be  inspected  at  the  Offices  of  the  undersigned  Solicitors. 

Tenders  must  be  left  with  us  not  later  than  the  15th  day  of 
DECEMBER  NEXT,  and  ihe  Vendors  will  not  be  bound  to 
accept  the  lowest  or  any  Tender.  ,      ■       .  , 

Further  information  and  to  inspect,  may  be  obtained  from 
BRIDGMAN,  WEAVER,  and  JONES,  Solicitors,  Newgate 
Street,  Chester. 

rpo  BE  LET,  a  large  GLASS  HOUSE  (good), 

-L  40  feet  long.     Welt  fitted.     Main  road. 

-,97.    Kingsland  Road,  near  Dalstoii    Junction,  N. 

™^^^         TT^      ~A 

TO  BE  LET,  in  consequence  of  advanced 
age,  CARNATIC  LODGE  GARDEN,  with  Vinery, 
51  ft.  by  13  ft  ,  small  Greenhouse,  and  2  acres  pirtly  cropped  with 
Strawberry  and  Bush  Fruit  in  good  bearing  form.  Very  good 
Vegetable  Ground.  In  the  Garden  is  a  most  desirable  Resi- 
dence. The  whole  of  the  Stock  and  Implements  at  fair  valua- 
tion, and  Furniture  if  required.  A  Fruit  Shop  in  the  town, 
where  a  splendid  season  trade  is  done,  can  be  taken. 


'PO  BE  LET,  at  Small  Rental,  HANWELL 

-L  PARK  GARDENS,  close  to  Hanwell  and  Castle  Hill 
Ealing  Stations  on  the  Great  Western  and  Midland  Distnct 
Railways,  7  miies  from  London,  a  short  notice bemg  necessary  if 
sold  or  required  for  Building  purposes.  The  rent  wdl  be 
inal  to  any  one  undertaking  to  keep  them  m  neat  oroer  and 
for   House  and  Premises  where  they  may  live.     Gardens 


in  neglected  state. 


Afte-  .. 
Ludlow. 


'to  the  owner,  J.  J.   SUDBURY,  Esq.. 


Landscape  Gardening. 

HF.  MALLER  (of  the  firm  of  B.  Mailer  & 
•  Sons),  late  pupil  ol  the  Crystal  Palace  School  of  Land- 
scape Gardenmg,  is  prepared  to  FURNiSH  PLANS  or  under- 
take any  kind  of  the  above  work.-6i.  High  Street,  Lewisham. 


FOR  SALE,  3000  GENISTAS,  in  thumbs, 
at  gs.  per  ico,  good  plants,  for  cash  by  money  order 
payable  at  Leylon  Green.  ,    „  ts     j 

■r.   BALDWIN  AND  SON,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road, 
Leyton. 


To  the  Seed  Trade. 

WANTED  TO  PURCHASE,  by  the  Adver- 
tiser, an  Established  SEED   BUSINESS,  wheie  a 
thoroughly  good  Retail  Trade  is  done,  either  in   London  or 

'R."sTGarJeiurs'   ChrmkU  Offioe,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C.  

WANTED  TO  RENT,  a  small  NURSERY, 
with  Glass,  within  6  miles  north  ol  Islington.     Must 
have  a  good  bized  Dwelling-house  attached. 

J.  K.,  50,  Pyrland  Road,  Canonbury,  N. 

Market  Place,  Manchester. 

FOR  IMMEDIATE  DISPOSAL,  the 
business  of  the  oldest  SEED  SHOP  in  Marchesier. 
EstabUbhed  in  1780  The  present  tenant  (H.  Watkinson)  has 
occupied  it  upwards  of  hall  a  century.  The  situation  of  the 
shop  is  the  best  and  most  central  in  the  city  without  exception, 
close  to  the  Royal  Exchange,  Post  Office,  and  the  various 
Railway  Stations.  r^-a rw^r^-Kt    .-... 

For  further  particulars,  apply  to  Messrs.  CROFTON  AND 
CRAVEN.  Solicitors.  Manchester. 

To  Nurserymen,  MarHet  Growers,  and  Others. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  or  LET  on  Lease,  the  Good- 
will with  possession  of  an  old-established  and  successful 
NURSERY,  FLORIST,  SEED,  and  JOBBING  BUSINESS, 
•with  Covent  Gaid.n  Stands  and  Connection  10  large  Glass 
Houses,  comfortable  Dwelling  House,  and  3  Collages  in  Nur- 

""Aiply'^T'LAIDMAN,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  5.  Serjeant's  Inn, 
Temple,  or  R.  BIGGS,  the  Nursej-ies,  Ltisham,  S.t._ 

To^Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  Gardeners,  &c. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  FREEHOLD  GLASS 
NURSERY,  SEED,  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  in 
one  of  the  best  manufacturing  parts  of  Yorkshire.  A  chance 
seldom  to  be  met  with,  the  owner  and  occupier  wishbg  10 
retire  from  business.  „      ,         ,    «,        .  ,    r^o- 

Apply  by  letter,  B.  C,  Gardimrt'  Chrcmcll  Ofhce,  4I, 
Wellingien  Street,  Strand,  W.i;, 


LILIUM  AURATUM.— MORLE  &  Co's. 
consignments  are  now  arriving  in  splendid  condition, 
guaranteed.  The  cheapest  for  quality  in  the  trade.  Fine,  sound, 
firm,  heavy  Bulbs,  41..  6j.,  gj.,  and  12s.  per  dozen  ;  301.,  45J. 
to  75!.  per  too.     Samples  on  application. 

I  and  2,  and  162.  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.C 

Finest  Quality,  Extra  Cheap. 

MORLE       AND      CO.     offer:  — 
AZALEA  INDICA,  full  of  flower-buds,  15^.,  an.,  and 

camellia's,  full  ol  flower-buds,  181.,  241.,  10361.  perdozsn; 

specimens,  5(-  to  15J.  each. 
RHODODENDRONS,  finest  named,  i8j.  to  3or.  per  dozen. 
DEUI'ZIA  GRACILIS,  extra  strong,  6s.  per  dozen. 
SPIR.EA  JAPONICA,  extra  strong.  41.  per  dozen. 
LI  LY  of  the  VALLEY,  extra  strong  BerUn  crowns.  6j.  per  ico. 
TUBEROSES,  Double  African  and  American  Pearl.     Largest 

and  cheapest  stock  in  the  Trade.      See   special    LIST. 

Trade  Supplied.                                      .... 
MORLE    AND  CO..  1  and  2,  Fenchurch  Street  ;   and  at 
Child's  HiU  Farm  Nursery.  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 

H  A  L  L  O  T  S  (ONIONS). 

2or.  per  100  kilogr.,     £i  11s.  id.  per  500  kilogr., 

X,5  6s.  Sd  per  icoo  kilogr. 

Can  be  obtained  at  above  prices. 

Apply  Mr.  P.  VAN  TIL.  Jz.,  Bulb  Grower,  Hillegom.  Holland. 

Myrobella. 

PRUNUS  MYROBALANA,  or  CHERRY 
PLUM.— The  best  stuff  for  Mending  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  last  in  poorest  soils.  Much  stronger 
than  Whitethorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Slock  for  the  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  to  3  feet,  sent  on  lecept  of  6s.,  50  lor  31. 
Full  further  particulars  of 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 

LILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan,  2  inches 
across,  2or,  per  loo. 
LILIUM  LONGIFLORUM,  from  Japan.  i6s.  per  ico. 
WATKINS  AND  SIMPSON.  Seed  and    Bulb  Merchants, 
r  Street,  Strand.  London.  W.C. 


RASPBERRY  CANES  to  SELL.  —  The 
famous  Carters'  Prolific  are  the  best  croppers.  Read  Mark 
Lane  Exfi'tss  Also  a  large  quantity  of  choice  sorts  of  PLUM 
TREES  DAMSON  TREES. and  GOOSEBERRY  BUSHES, 
at  per  loo— Apply  to  ALBERT  BATH,  Sevenoaks.  Kent. 


There  is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3«.  each. 
All  the  finer  eld  kinds  at  is.  to  2S.  each. 

SPIR^A  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  dusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 

INES.— VI NES.— VINES.— Black    Ham- 
burgh and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  loj.  6J.  each  ;   Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines,  ss.  and  71.  6d.  each.    All 
in  splendid  condition.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limittd,  The  Vineyard,  Garttw,  LivetpMl. 


NOVIMBER  27,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


675 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 
On  and  after  Jan.    i,     1887, 
the  Price  of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
will  be 
Beduced      to      Three      Pence. 


Special  Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  for 
Sale  500  coo  RHODODENDRONS,  varying  in  size 
from  4  to  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet — Cuniiiiiehani's  While, 
JacksoRi,  caucasicum,  pictum,  Seedling  Hyh(ids,  Hybrid 
ponticum,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plauts. 
HOLLIES,  CONIFERS,  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quaniities;  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  Rralis  and  post- 
free,  on  application  to  the  Nurseries,  Milton,  btoke-on-Trent. 
Our  Nurseiies  are  110  acres. 

APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  offering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certi6cate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  5s  each  ;  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


DWARF  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest  kinds. 
The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selectioa  No.  i,  soj.  per  loo. 


e,    bu 


„  2,  40J. 

,,  ,,     3,  too  ridiciiloui   to    na 

purchasers  for  cash  may  certainly  make  advantageous  t 

CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 

New  Early  Peas. 

To  the  Trade  and  Growers  for  Early  Market 

EARLY   KENILWORTH   and  WILLIAM 
THE  CONQUEROR. 
These  two  gems  have  no  equals  for  Earliness,  Cropping,  Colour, 
and  Table  Quality. 
Testimooiali  and  pnce  Iree  on  application  to 
W.  BURbUKY.  Seedsman.  &c.,  The  Crew.  Kenilworth. 


SHRUBS  and  CONIFER.^,— Laurusiinus, 
a  feet,  bushy,  375.  per  loo.  Arbutus  Unedo.  2  feet,  aos. 
per  100,  Aucuba  jaoonica,  2  to  z%  feel.  40J.  pe'  loa.  Box. 
Tree,  sorts,  ij4  to  2  feet,  y:s.  per  100  Comm.in  Laurels,  2  feet, 
lis.  per  loa  Colchic  Laurels,  a  to  ■»%  feet,  its  par  i  o. 
Grislinia  Utloralis.  2  feet,  35J.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay.  i'^  ta  a  feet, 
30J.  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  ij^  to  2  feci.  3W.  per 
loo;  ditto,  a  to  1%  feet,  40J.  per  lOo.  extra  fine.  Abies 
Dougtasii,  2  to  3  'eet,  30^.  per  100;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet.  40J.  per 
100  ;  ditto.  4  to  5  feet,  7oi.  per  loo,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished, 
Araucaria  imbncata,  2  to  1%  feei,  421.  per  dozen:  duto,  3  to 
3!^  feet.  6ar-  per  dozen.  Cupressus  I^wsonii,  1J2  to  a  feet, 
i&y  per  100  :  ditto,  2  to  ajj  feet,  20J.  per  100 ;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet. 
SOJ.  per  100.  Cupressus  erecta  viridis,  1'^  to  2  feet,  301.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  1%  feet,  40 J.  per  loo.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
\%  to  2  feet;  y>s.  per  100  ;  ditto.  2  to  2j4  feel,  40f.  per  105, 
exira.  Picea  Nordmanniana,  2  feet,  401.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2j4  feet,  lis.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  loao  for  smaller 
sixes.     GARHES  MUCHELL,  Nurserymin.  Stranraer. 


PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 2o  inches  high— Latania  borbsnica,  \s.  6d.  :  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  u.  6d.  ;  Areca  lutescens,  is.  td  ;  Pha:  nx 
reciinata,  xs.  6d.  ;  Euterpe  edulls,  ts.  6d,  ;  Corypha  australis, 
IS.  6J.  ;  six  for  81..  or  12J.  6d.  per  dozen. 
COCOS  WEDDELHANA  and  KENTIAS,  2s.  to  5s.  each 
PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seafonhiaetegans.PhceQix  tenuis  and  Pho;nix  reciinata, 
6rf.  each,_or  41.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free. 


ANDRE  LE ROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angers, 
France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUir  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS. 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  apphcaiion.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878. 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 
00,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


CLIVIA     HIMANTOPHYLLUM, 
A  specialty. 
Seedling  Plants  of  the  best  varieties,   i-year,   31J.   6d.   per 
[-year.  63s.  per  100  ;  3  year,  i68f.  per  too.     These  last  are 


able 


)Bow 


Seedlings  of  C.  LINDENI,  four  and  five  years,  in  bud,  51.  M. 
each,  6or.  per  dozen.     Seeds  of  the  best  sorts,  15;.  per  100. 
ED.    PYNAERT,    Ghent, 

OSES— ROSES— ROSES.— Cheaper  than 

ever.  50,000  Dwarf  Roses,  ail  Hybrid  Perpetuals,  strong 
plants,  and  warranted  true  to  name,  ^10  p;f  io:!io.  22^.  per  too. 
3s.  per  dozen.  Send  for  sample  dozen.  All  packages  included. 
List  of  sorts  post-free,  on  application,  and  Illustrated  Catalogue 
6d.  each. 

C.  ALLEN,  Stone  Hills  Nursery.  Heigham,  Norwich 

To  the  Trade. 
Home-grown  VEGETABLEand  AGRICULTURAL  SEEDS. 

HAND  F,  SHARPE  are  now  prepared  to 
•  give  special  quotations  of  all  the  principal  varieties  of 
VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  raised  on  their  own  Seed 
Farnii  this  season  from  the  choicest  selected  stocks.  The 
quality  is  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  very  low.  Samples  may 
be  had  on  application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


VINES. — Strong   and  extra   strong,  ripened 
without  bottom'heat ;  leading  varieties,  $s.,  7s.  6d.,  and 
lot.  6d.  emch. 
JaS.  DICKSOK  AMD  SONS,  '-  Nowton"  Nurseries,  Choster.  f 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDY 

DAFFODILS, 

"  T/iai  come  before  the  swallow  dares,  and  take 
The  winds  of  March  with  beauty.^' 


Nil! 
BARE  &  SON.  12,  Kins  St,  Covant  Garden,  W.C. 

BARK'S    NEW    OR    RARE   HARDY    DAFFODILS 

for  Pot-culture,  Flower  Bed-,  Borders.  &c  For  d..scrip.ive 
List  of  Varieties,  see  Adveriisement  in  the  Gardenen' 
Cltronicie.  Oclober  30  ;  or  send  tor  B.  &  S.'s  Illustraied 
D.«ffodil  Catalogue,  free  on  application.  These  beautiful 
Daffodils  surpass  all  other  soring  flowers  for  in  and  ouido  r 
decoration,  and  as  cut  fl  wers  rank  with  the  Orchid  and 
the  Rose  In  the  London  Spring  Flower  Shows  for  aoyears 
Birr's  Daffodils  have  maintained  a  leading  position,  and  are 
acknowledged  to  be  the  tai^e^t  among  spring  fl  jwers. 

THE  ALDBOROUGH  COLLECnON  OF  CHOICE 
DAFFODILS-  TRUMPETS.  NONSUCH,  PEER- 
LKSS,  EUCHARIS  -  FLOWERED,  NELSON'S, 
BARK'S,  BURBIDGE'S,  &c  ,  D.^FFODILS. 

3  each  of  50  varieties        635  ,  841.,  to  105J. 

3  each  of  25  varieties        S'-J  ,  42J.,  to  63J. 

1  , 10s.  6j.,  iSi-.toass. 

3  each  of  13  varieties         ..  ..         ..     15^  ,  2'J  .  to  301. 

2  „        ,,        „  ..         ..         ••     js  ^rf ,  ioi.6<^.,to  15J, 

I       ,,         ,,         ,,  ..  ..         . .     5J.  6if.  to  7r.  6J. 

THE  COMMEMORATIVE  "DAFFODIL  CONFER- 
ENCE" SET  OF  CHOICE  NARCI5SUS,  embraclnj 
nearly  all  the  sons  of  D-iff-KiiU  exhibited  ou  the  occas.oa  of 
the  sitting  of  the  Conference,  Apal  i,  18^4. 

I  each  of  too  varteiies 63..,   84J.  .andiooJ 

3  „     „         .,         ..  ..  ..  ..      rSor..  3401  ,  and  3;oj 

BARR'S      INEXPENSIVE      HARDY     DAFFODILS, 

in  Beds,  surpass  in  beauty  and  tffjct  all  oiher  soring 
fl  .wers,  and  (or  M  isses  in  Flower  Borders  they  have  no 
equal  In  Shrubberies  they  are  mist  va'u»ble,  a  td  wh.:o 
the  Daffodil  is  required  as  Cut  Fliwers,  beds  should  be 
planted  in  the  Kitchen  Garden.  If  as  a  Forced  Flower 
they  are  wanted,  plant  thickly  in  bixes  9  by  15  inches  and 
4  inches  deep,  and  stand  the  box;>  oui-of-djors,  covered 
with  a-hes  or  c  icoa  fibre,  till  the  boxes  are  full  of  tools. 
Il  fjr  Poi.cultue.  plant  ihree  or  more  bulbs  in  a  pit,  and 
place  them  our-of-doots  until  the  p  >is  are  full  of  roots. 

For  Naturalisition,  plant   in  grass  or  bv  lakes,  streams 
and  ornamenlal  waters,  and  thus  realise  what  Wordsworth 
saw  when  he  penned  the  fcllowm? ; — 
"  1  wander'd  lonely  as  a  cliud 

That  floats  on  hi,^h  o'er  vales  and  hills. 
When  all  at  once  I  saw  a  crowd, 
A  host  of  golden  Daffodils  : 
Beside  the  lake,  beneath  the  trees. 
Fluttering  and  dancing  in  the  breeze." 
The  culture  of  the  Daffodil  is  simple,  growing  in  all  soils 
and  all  siluitions;     no  araiunt  of  frost   or    unfavourable 
weather  will  injure  bjlb  or  flower.    Those  who  have  only 
an  unheated  greenhouse  can  keep  it  gay  with  these  flowers 
from  January  to  May. 
ASSORTMENTS     OF     INF.KPENSIVK     DAFFODILS, 
EVIBRACING    TRUMPEIS,     NONSUCH,     POETl- 
LU3.  &c. 

:ties,  841.;  in  20  varieties,  1201  ;  in  30  vats  ,  1501. 

s,  45s.:  in  20  varieties.    03J  ;  10  30  var.,    801 

s,  10^.  ^d  ;  in   2J  var.,    151.;  in   30  var.,  215. 

V,  ^s.  6-r.;  in  17  var..  gj  ;  in  25  var.,  tar.  bi. 

iS.  bi.;  in  15  var.,  yi.  6  /,:  in  30  var.    lai.  6d. 

12  in  10  varieties         ..         3r.  6;/.,  41.  ^..  sr  (td..  and  ^3.  ftd. 

VERY      CHEAP      AND      BEAUTIFOL      DAFFODILS 

for  naturalisation,    shrubberies,    fljwer  borders,   &c. ,  and 
most  useful  lor  cut  flovers  Per  100.  Perdoz 

CHOICE  MIXED   DAFFODILS  for  natu-      s.  d.        s.  d. 
ralisation  or  for  shrubberies,  .per  IOO0.42S.       56  10 

FINE    MIXED    DAFFODILS  for  naturali- 
sation or  for  shrubberies       . .  per  looo,  305.       46  10 
GREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed 
varieties,  valuable  for  naturali- 
sationaod  cutting,  per  1000, 631.       76  13 
,.      ,     ,,     second-sized  bulbs,    per  looo.  305.       46          09 
LENT    LILIES    OF    ENGLAMD,    petals 
whi'e  trumjetyeilo*.  valuable 
Daffodils     for     naturalisation, 

per  1000  25r.       30  06 

,,     ,,     .,     secmd  sized  bulbs,  per  tooo,  rsr.       26  04 

GARLAND     LILIES    OF     SCOTLAND, 
petals   white,    trumpet    yellow, 
valuable  Daffodil  for  naturalisa- 
sation  . .  per  1000, 421.       56  to 

,,     ,,     „     second-sized  bulbs,  per  tooo,  2tJ.       30  06 

PRIMROSE  PEERLESS,  2,  3,or4  flowered, 

petals  pure  while,  cup  yellow         ..         ..       36  06 

OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffodil),  very  early 

flowering,  unilorm  petal  and  trumpet     12     6  30 

exlra.sized  bulbs     176  26 

SPURIUS,  rich  full  yellow  petals  and  trum- 
pet, Urge  flower        ..         ....     15    o  26 

B  second-sized  bulbs    106  10 


Per  100.  Perilaz. 

CAMBRICUS,  sulphui-white  [wuls,  yoUow     s.  d.  s.  d. 

trtimpet            15    o  36 

PRINCEPS.  sulohur.white  petals,  very  larce 

yellow  trump''t           ..         ..         ..     12    6  26 

PALLIDUM  PR^^iiX   a  great  bezutv,  uni- 
form paiesuluhurpetalsaiid  trumpet     15     o  26 
TELAMONIUS  PlENUS,  strong  fljwc.ing 

bulbs 76  13 

,,    ..                                        very  large  bulbs    10    fi  16 

INCOMP\T!\BILIS.mixedvars.,p.io.o,42i.     56  .0 

„     FIGARO f,    o  26 

„     FA'KY         8    6  16 

,.    GLOW          76  13 

,,     SUNLIGHT           76  13 

„     SUIPhUREUS 76  I     ^ 

.,     ASTK/E\ 76  13 

,,    JOHN  BULL        „         IS    o  2    0 

,,     SANCHO 76  13 

„    ALBIDUS 76  13 

,.    ANNIE  BADEN 12    6  26 

..     SrELIA to    6  16 

BARRfl  GOLDEN  MARY ■;    6  10 

,.    SULPHUREUS 76  13 

„     ADA 10    6  16 

Ata-f  rully  nescrd-  d  i,i  advertis.-meHt  0J  THE  GAR- 
DENERS' CIRO^JICLE.  Novcm'jii-  6;  or  Birrs  IHns- 
Ir.tltd  Daffodil  CATALOGUE.  Jrtc  on  alrptLathii. 

BARRrib~SON, 

12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, W.C. 

BEAUTIFUL  HYACINTHS, 

TULIPS,   CROCUS,   SNOIVDROPS, 

CHIONODOXA,    ANEMONES,  IRIS.    P/EONIES, 

LILIES,    IXIAS. 

BARR  &  SON,  12,  Kins  St..  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

BARRS  BEAUTIFUL  LARGE  -  FLOWERING  HYA- 
CIMTHS,  for  pot-culiuie,  glassis,  vases,  bjwls,  &c  ,  bulbs 
of  finest  quality. 

12  finest  varieties        ^t.  6d.,7S.  ftd  tri    91.  oi. 

25      ,,  .,  loj  td  to  tsf,  o^. 

50       ,,  ,,  ..  ..  ..  .•  3or.  to  42r.  Or/. 

3  each  t2  fi  lest  varieties     ..         ..         ..  15^.  to  2ir  od 

3      ,.    25      ,,  ,.         301.  to  42J  od. 

3      1,50      , ,  I .         . .         . .         .  •  84J  to  io3r.  od. 

BARR'i?  BEAUTIFUL  LAR'iE  FLOWERED  RAINBOW 
MlXTUxE  of  HYACINTHS,  for  beds  and  holders,  per 
too,  I2i    6i.  to  2 1  J. 
BARR'S     BEAUriFUL     L\RGE  -  FLOWERED      HYA- 
CINTHS, in  distinct  colours,  for  beds  and  borders. 

6  each  10  varieties loj.  6/- 

,2    „      10        2a.  orf. 

"     .1       ■■'        3.^  o-f. 

33     ,.       10         45s.  o</. 

40     ,.       1  )        „        ..  ..  ..  63f   od. 

50     ,.      to         .,        ..  ..  ..  ..  ..  ..     84J  od. 

BARRS    BEAUTIFUL   EARLY-FLOWERING  TULIPS. 

5  each  20  varieties 7..  6</.  to  tot,  6d. 

to     ,,     2D         „         14J.  to  2jr.  m/. 

40     „     20        ..  ..  42 1.  to  63 J.  Ci/. 

B\RR'S  CROCUS,  large  fl  iwered  named  sorts. 
10  each  15  varieties  ..  4r  od. 

30  ;•  \\    ;;    ::    ::    ::    ;;    ::    ::  .«:«■ 

40     ,,     15         , tS^  od- 

Large  bri,>ht  yellow  CROCUS,  per  too,   loj.  6J.  to  151   ;  per 
too,  li    id.  to  21. 
BARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  ENGLISH  and  SPANISH  IRIS. 

8  each  24  varieties loi   6  /. 

5    ,,    24        ,,        tyf.  firm- 
's    ,"     »♦         "         3Sr  oi. 

BARR'S  BE.\UTIFUL  LARGE- FLOWERED  BEARDED 
IRIS,  per  dozen,  31.  61/.,  sr.  td.,  js.  6d.,  and  91.  ;  per  too. 

BEAUTlVUL  IRIS  RETICULATA,  per  dozen,  3s.  6d.  ;  per 

BAr'S'S^TxTAS,  SPARAXn.  TRITONIAS,  and  BABI- 
ANAS,  each  sort,  in  splendid  mixed  colours,  per  100,  sr.  6d; 

Assortments.  3  each.  30  vars.,  ,5,.  :    5  each,  31  vars.,  2ir. 
10    ,.      3'3    ..       35'  ;  "S    ..      30      ..      42r. 
SNOWDROPS,  double  or  single,  for  edging-,  per  tooo,  21J. 

GALANTHUS  ELWESI,  the  giant  Snowdrop  of  the  Taurus 

MountaiQS,  the  largest,  most  distinct,  and  beautiful  of  ihe 

familv,  Very  hardy  and  spl-indid  for  edgings,  per  tooo,  42r. 

per  icx),  51   6J  ;  p^r  dozen,  ir. 
CHIONOOOX*  LUCILIjE  (ihe  Glory  of  the  Snow),  flowers 

intense  Nemophua  blje,  w.ih  a  clear  whi  e  lumi  .uu.cen  re. 

a  grand  border  plant,  and  to  natu  alise,  per  1000,  4;r-  ;  per 

los.  sr  6  r. ;  per  d  izen,  if. 
WOOD  HYACINTHS,  to  naturalise,  in  mixture,  per   1000, 

21s   :  oer  iro.  3r   6.^.  ;  per  dozen.  8/. 
WOOD  HYaCI->1THS,  for  fljweibLrders,  in  ten  named  beauti- 
ful sorts,  per  roo,  lor.  6d.  per  as,  3r 
LEUCOJUM  VERNUM  (-ipring  Suowflake),  a  beautiful  early 

spring  fljwer,  per  100,  6s.  6d.  ;  perdoaen,  ir. 
ANEMONES,  double  or  single,  mixed  colours,  per  too,  3f.  6d 
„     FULGENS,  rich  beautiful  scarlet,   per    100,  7s.  6d.  and 

lOl.  6d  ;  oer  dozen,  11.  3d.  to  i».  6d 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,   strong  clumps  for  forcing,  per 

dozen,  t^s   6d.  and  15J. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  strong  crowns  for  forcing,  per  100, 

7J.  6d. 
SPIK.E.lJAPONICA.stronsclunips  (or  forcing,  perdoz.  7'.}^. 
BARR'S  LARGE  DOUBLE  I'M  )N1ES,  new  (  hmese  vars,. 

assoitments.  7r  61^,  i«  6/.  155..  2ij,  42^.,  63^.  and  84^. 
BARR'S  NEW  bINGLE  P/EONIES  iu  assoitmenls,  7s.  6d., 

lOS,  6/..  isi,2is  and  42, 
OLD-FASHIl  )NED DOUBLE  RED  P/EONY,  p.  doz.  ,os.6J. 
ROSE        „  ,,        15s. 

!,  ,.  „  WHITE    „  „        an. 

B.ARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  assortments  for  ourdoots  or 

indoors,  5s,  6d.,  ys,  6d.,  tor.  6d.,  15s,,  air.,  42r-,  and  63J. 
Deicriptive  Cat:ilosui,  luilh  fri:ts,/ree  0,1  iipptkation. 


BARR    &    SON, 

IS,  King  Street,  Oovent  Garden,  W.O. 


676 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  1886. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.- 
On  and  after  Jan.    i,    1887, 
the   Price   of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
^vill  be 

Reduced     to      Three      Pence. 


fflii)  (Sstabiisiui.  ;;;;;;;;;;:;;;:;:;:;;;;;;;;;H3:^ 

ORNAMENTAL  TREES.       { 

Jfrult  Urecs,         \ 

Evergreens  i  Cover  Plants,  | 

IRosee,  ( 

And  ALL  OTHER  TREES  &  PLANTS^ 


J  glclinblcalh)-,ii)g.  Address  in  full— 

\  ^.  i^  (31.®  icReon  a  ^one  j 

I  THE    QUEEN'S    SEEDSMEN, 

3  — ^^-  C [jester.  -^^^ 


CR0UX&FIL8, 

Nurserymen, 

Vall^e    d'Aulnay, 

chatenay    (seine) 

Great  Specialty: 

Trained  Fruit  Trees, 

very  strong,   will  fruit 


-Two  Large  Prizes.  Cri 
of    the     Legion 


HERBACEOUS 

AND   ALPINE    PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  of  50  Pages,  containin?  full  infotmalion  as 
to  colour,  heighc,  situation,  time  of  Hoovering,  &c  ,    fiee   on 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDEKS,  from  251.  jjef  too,  or  \s.  per  dozen. 

Most  of  the  Plants  being  in  Pots  may  be  despatched  at  any 
time,  or  by  Parcel  Post  when  fit. 


RICHARD      SMITH      &     CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER. 


la  IT  TREES 


CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

A    SPECIALTY.  SEND     FOR    NEW 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE. 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
Roses,  Rhododendrons,  dtc. 

CATALOGUES    Pest-free. 

.1  nHEALfcCONS 

W  ■  %# '  Crawley,  >      U  Sussex. 


CARTERS' 

CHEAP  BULBS 


FOR  PLANTING 

In  Masses,  Shrubberies^ Borders. 

Per  It  03.  Per   100. 

HTACIKTHS,    equal    quantities    red,      J.    d.  s.    d 

white,   and  blue      150    0  16    0 

TULIPS,  fine  mixed   40    0  4    6 

NARCISSUS,  mixed  border     25    0  3    0 

NARCISSUS,  sweet -scented  double  ....     50    0  6    6 

NAECISSUS,  Pheasant-eye    30    0  3    6 

DAFFODILS,  single  Trumpet 25    0  3    0 

CROCUS,  fine  mixed 12    6  16 

CROCUS,  golden-yellow   10    6  1    3 

CROCUS,  large  blue   13     6  16 

CROCUS,  large  white 14    6  19 

CROCUS,  large  striped      14    6  1    9 

BLUEBELLS 30    0  3    6 

SCILLA  PRJECOX  or  SIBIRICA   ....     30    0  3    6 

WINTER  ACONITES,  yellow 21    0  2    6 

All  Parcels  Carriage  Free. 


ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES     POST-FREE. 

H.M.   THE     QOEEN 


■  Royal  Commands  ' 
H.R.H.  THB  Pkinc: 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


CHIONODOXA    LUCILI^  (Glory  of  the 
Snow),  azure-blue  with  white  centre  ;    lovely  for  early 
Soring  bedding.     Large  English-grown  Bulbs.  8s.  per  too. 

WATKINS  AND   SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

aImpton    court    black    ham- 
burgh  VINES.-Extra  strong  Fruiting  Canes  of  the 
above,  and  all  other  leading  varieties,  at  greatly  reduced  pncts 
r.    Jackson   and  son.  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hamp'on  Court. 


FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

APPLES  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NkCTAKINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FKUIT  TRtES 
as  Standards,  Dwarfs",  Pyramids,  Buahes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Tree.*  in  great  variety 

VINES  exi->-llcnt  Canes,  31.  6./.  to  loj  (,d.  Orchard  House 
Treesinpots,  PEACHES,  AfKICOFS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  5s.      FlG-i  from  is.  bd.  ,        .      ,    , 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  tf  the  various 
forms  cf  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure.  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping.  Treatment  under  Glas--  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Size,  Form.  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour,  Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price, &c.,lrce  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

CANNELL&  SONS' 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

WE   wish  to  announce   that  our  New  and 
Revised    CATALOGUE   of   the  whole 
family  of  the  above  will  be  ready  in  a  few  days. 
Sent  free  to  all  applicants. 
Cuttings  of  100  New  Vsirietles,  1886,  253. 
,.  60     „  „  103. 

"  Mesir.s.  H.  Cannkll  &  Sons  S*anlev.-Je  vous  prie  de 
m'eovoyer  par  la  poste  votre  Des;iiptive  Illustrated  Catalogue 
of  Chrysanthemums,  Je  vous  reme-cie,  et  j  ai  le  plaisir  d'eire 
Voire  Serviteur.  J.CH.  SIEMON  L— Au  Muiislt-te  d'Agricul- 
ture  et  du  Commerce.  :i  Rome,  Italy." 


W.  H.  CULLINGFORD,  Esq 
Kensington.  W. 
At  ihe  Aquarium  Show  what  g; 


Nov 


,  Phil 


:den^ 
greatest  pteasuri 


exhibit  of  Chrysanthei 
varied  and  lovely  sorts  I  ever  saw." 

Mons.  J.  MASUREL.  Nord.  France.  Nov.  ig.  1886. 
"  I  succeeded  beautifully  with  the  cuttings  yju  sent  me  last 
winter,  and  should  willingly  complete  my  collection  wiih  the 
bc't  Chrysanthemums  you  have  this  year.  Have  you  any  more 
to  be  seen  in  bloom  V  Ifso,  I  will  send  my  "GARTNER"  to 
have  a  look  at  them,  and  to  order  those  I  miss." 


THE      HOME      OF     FLOWERS, 

S  W  A  N  L  E  Y,     KENT. 


filtUtJkft  l^ltt^ 


jfOREST,  y RUIT 


Ai    ALL    OTHER 


ttREES  &  lp)LANTS. 


o^^l^'^-^K>\^ 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


r£l£CRAPNllC 


a 

RAPE    VINES.- 

Our 

Stock 

of    V 

nes   is 

in  unusually  fin 

s  cond 

tioD  thi 

s  year. 

A  LIST  of  kinds 

and  Prices  will  be  (oiw 

irded 

cation  t 

K. 

S.   WILLIAMS, 

Victor 

a  and  Paradis 

Nurseri 

Holl 

.vav.  London.  N 

To  the  Trade. 
SEED  POTATOS. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE'S  Special  Price 
•  LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS  is  now  ready,  and  maybe 
had  on  application.  It  compiises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cul- 
tivati  n  grown  sneciatly  for  Seed  purposes  from  the  finest 
selected  stocks.     The  p-ices  will  be  fjund  very  advantageous. 


Seed  Gr( 


:  Establishment.  Wisbech. 


LAING'S     GOLD      MEDAL     BEGONIA 
TUBERS,   free  by  Post. 
NAMED  SINGLES,  from  us.  to  4>j.  per  dozen. 
UNNAMED  SEEDLINGS,  selected  to  colour  for  pot--,  from 
BEDDING,  selected  to  colour.  91  perdizen.        [iis- per  diz. 
„     mixed  colouis.  3J  to6s.  pet  doz.     CATALOGUES  gia  is. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

P'       INE  PLANTS  for  SALE.— Thirty-six 
Charlotte    Rothschild,  and  TweDty    Smooth    Cayecioe, 
clean  heahhy  stuff,  in  6-inch  pits  ;  all  well  rooted,    Aj-ply  for 

D1CK.S0M,  BROWN  &  TAIT,  Seed  Merchants,  Manchester. 

ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  Zs. 
per  dozen,  6oj.  per  loo.  STANDARDS,  15J. 
per  dozen,  1055-.  per  100.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  World-Jamed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
f;ive  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  iSj.  to  36.?.  per  dozen. 

Tescriptive  List  free  on  applicalion. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

fM^    CHOICE   PLANTS 

For  House  and  Garden. 

f^lOO  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

in  too  varieties,  lor  4-s..  6jf.,  or  1051. 

Other  offers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application- 
Choice  Vaiieties  of  the  following  :  — 
12  TREE  CARNATIONS.  6s.  ;    12  Yellow.ftowered,  tzs. 
12  PINKS,  Lared  Flowers,  ^s.  and  6s.,  strong  p'aots. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA.  covered  with  flower  buds,  iSs-  and  a4«. 
12     ,.     MOLLIS,  diito.  fine  for  culting,  las.  and  181. 
12  CAMELLIAS,  covered  with  flo*er  buds,  211.,  3o».,  ^1S. 
12  CR0T0N3.  choice  varieties,  6s.,  91.,  \is. 
12  DRACffiNAS.  choice  varieties,  6s.,  9s.,  us  ,  iSs. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  lor  cool  or  warm  house,  in  la,  24, 
or  36  varieties,  at  21s.  and  421.  per  dozen. 
,.     100  varieties,  400s.  :  50  varieties,  loos,  and  i.^os. 
1000  BULBOUS  FLOWER  ROOIS,  21s. 


E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vale, 


LONDON,    W. 


November  27,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


677 


Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford  (Eslablished  1785). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stocV,  from  "Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited),"  these  Old-esubhshed 
Nurseries  will,  00  and  after  NOVEMBER  2,  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"  JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford.— October  i.  1886. 

THE  AUTUMN  for  FOREST  PLANTING 
and  HEDGING.— Alder,  3  to  4  feet,  ^^s.  per  1000. 
Ash,  2  to  3  feet,  17J.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  ^  to  4  feet,  20J.  per  1000. 
Birch,  «  to  3  feet,  10s.  per  1000.  Spanish  Chestnut,  2  to  3  feet. 
30J.  per  1000.  Elm,  2  to  3  feet.  i6j.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
2(M.  per  1000.  Larch,  i  to  \%  foot,  i2J  6rf.  per  1000;  ditto, 
\%  to  2  feet,  i+r.  per  1000 ;  ditto  ,t  10  aj^  feet,  i6j.  per  1000  ; 
ditto,  2 J^  to  3  feet,  i8i  per  1000:  ditto,  3  to  4  leet,  225.  per 
1000  ;  ditto,  5  to  6  feet.  351.  per  1000.  Spruce  Fir,  i  to  i'-^  foot, 
loJ.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  ij4  to  2  feet,  lar.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  2  to  ■2% 
feet.  i6j.  per  icoo ;  ditto,  3  feet,  bushy,  loj.  p-^r  100.  Scotch 
Fir.  I  to  \%  foot,  131.  per  icoo :  ditto,  2  to  2^  f"t,  i8j.  per 
I030.  Hazels,  3  feet,  2or.  per  loco.  Oaks,  2  to  3  feet,  \^s.  bd. 
per  1000.  Sycamore  2  to  3  feet,  16s.  per  1000;  ditto,  3  to  4 
feet,  aoi.  per  1000.     Thorns.  1%  to  2  feet,  14J.  per  1000  :  ditto, 

2  to  1%  feet,  16s.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  3  feet,  201.  per  1000.  Privets, 
a  to  3  feet,  t6s.  per  1000.  Privets  ovalifohum,  2  to  2%  feet. 
30J.  per  1000 ;  ditto.  4  feet,  extra  bushy,  ns.  per  100.     Beech, 

3  to  2%  feet,  i8j.  per  1000.  Myrabolana  Plum,  2  feet,  25^.  per 
1000.     Special  offer  by  50.000  and  100,000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 

HE      FINEST      NEW      PEAS 


T 


SHARPE'S  QUEEN.  2f.  per  %  pint  sealed  pacUt. 

„    SIR  F.  A.  MILLBANK,  2J.  per  J^  pint  sealed  pkt 

„     TRIUMPH,  3S.  ed.  per  pint  sealed  packet. 

,,     PARAGON,  15.  6d.  per  pint  sealed  packet. 

Post-free.       Special    descriptive    offer    of    these    and    other 

Novelties  sent  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO..  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


LIMES   —    ELMS—  LIMES. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best     red-twigged     variety,      Z2    to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  ano    SON,    Billing    Road    Ni 
Northampton. 


T 


o 


PLANTERS 


for  i 


effec 


ABIES  DOUGLASII.  5  to  10  feet  :  Wej-month  PINE, 
6  to  7  feet ;  Scotch  PINE,  4  to  6  feet  ;  CUPRESSUS  LAW- 
SONIANA.  5  to  7  feet:  CEDRUS  ATLANTICA,  4  to  8  feet ; 
THUIA  OCCIDENTALIS,  5  to  6  feet ;  THUIA  LOBBII, 
3  to  5  feet  ;  Horse  CHESTNUTS,  10  to  15  feet. 
And  many  others,  at  very  low  prices 

Apply,  THOS.  WOODFORD,  The  Nurseries,  Atherstone. 


ROSES  — ROSES  — ROSES. —  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  Marechal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietia,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  8  to  iz  feet  long,  in  7-inch  pots.  2S.  td.,  3^,  and  3^  dd. 
each  ;  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardins.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  rarieties,  fine  plants  in  7-inch  pots,  34^.  and  30^.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTUKALCO.  Oohn  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool 


Fox  and  Game  Covert. 

FOREST  TREES.  —  English  BROOM, 
lol.  W.  per  1000:  English  FURZK,  lol.  6d-  per  1000; 
Evergreen  PRIVET,  25J.  per  1000:  LAURELS.  "SS..  aoi.  per 
100;  MAHONIAS,  151..  30S.,  per  100;  Green  BOX.  20J..  30/., 
100:  BitlerOSIERS.  20J.  per  1000:  BIRCH,  WYCH  ELM, 
HAZEL,  POPLARS.  LARCH,  Scotch  SPRUCE,  Austrian 
PINE,  &C-     Price  LISTS  on  application  to 

W.  MAULE  AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  Bristol. 


DWARF  ROSES,  on  Seedling  Briers.     First- 
class  plants  in  the  very  best  sorts  zos.  per  too  and  aooi. 


pen 


Apply  D„  Mr.  Smith,  Post-Office.  Brockley,  S  E- 


SMALL  SHRUBS  and  CONIFERyE  :- 
Cnpressus  Lawsonii,  12  to  15  inches,  transplanted,  80;. 
per  1000;  C.  erecta  viridis.  i  to  \%  foot,  ext-a.  i2j.  per 
100;  C.  stricta,  10  to  12  inches,  121.  per  100;  C.  gracilis, 
10  inches,  121.  per  100;  Cedrus  Deod  »ra,  2  yr.,  50J.  per 
1000;  Thnia  Lobbii.  g  to  12  inches,  501.  per  1000;  T.  Ellwan- 
geriana,  g  to  10  inches,  i2f.  per  too  ;  Thuiopsis  dolobraia,  9  to 
10  inches,  tranj.  pi  anted,  lar.  per  100  ;  Retiuo-pora  plumosa,  12 
to  15  inches,  bushy,  121.  per  100  ;  R  squmosa,  g  inches,  trans- 
planted, loi.  per  100  ;  Araucaria  imbticala,  8  inches,  fiae,  401. 
per  100  ;  Pinus  Cembra,  i-yr.,  51.  per  1000  ;  Pious  excelsa.  2-yr. 
i-yr,  transplanied.  loj.  per  los;  Pmusinsignis,  i-yr.  transplanted, 
6s.  per  100;  Pinus  Nordmanniana  i-yr.,  255.  per  1000;  Abies 
Dougla'ii,  6  inches,  6j.  per  loa  *,  ditto,  9  to  12  inches,  11s.  per 
100  ;  English  Yew,  6  to  9  inches,  8i.  per  100 ;  American  Arbor- 
VH3C,  9  to  10  inches.  501.  per  1000  ;  B^x  trees.  9  to  10  inches, 
401.  per  1000;  Sweet  Bay,  9  to  12  inches,  js.  6d.  per  100; 
Evergreen  Oaks,  2-yr.,  fine,  6i.  per  100  ;  Lauruslinus,  8  inches, 
&r.  per  100  ;  Portugal  Laurels,  transplanted,  6  to  8  inches,  60s. 
per  1000  ;  Common  Laurels,  2.vr.,  20J.  per  1000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman.  Stanraer. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
CTCry  shade,  from  pure  while  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  i2f.  to  24J.  per  doren,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

ROSES  (Strong  DwarO— best  H.P.  kinds, 
25i.  per  100  ;  finest  named  CARNATIONS  and  PICO- 
TEES,  zos.  per  100  :  TREE  CARNATIONS,  12  best  sorts.  25J. 
per  100  :  strong  Spruce  FIRS,  for  Christmas  Trees,  2  to  3  feet, 
/S  per  100a— W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

R  GILBERT  is  now  prepared  to  send  out 
•  his  Three  Important  Vegetables,  which  have  now 
absolutely  solved  the  great  problem  of  pleasine  everybody. 
VICTORIA  BROCCOLI,  2j.  6rf,  per  packet ;  UNIVERSAL 
SAVOY,    ij.  per  packet  ;    CHOU    DE  BURGHLEY.  if.  per 

?acket.     Send  41.  dd.,  and  by  return  you  will  receive  iWe  Three 
lovelties  free  by  post.     Trade  -supplied      Apply, 

R.  GILBERT,  High  Park  Gardens,  Sumford. 


Dissolution  Of  Partnership. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  the  last  ten  years 
Copartner  with  John  Lain,-,,  at  Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  has 
PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESSES  known  as  ihe  East 
Surrey  Seed  Warehouse  (established  upwards  of  50  years). 
North  End.  Croydon ;  also  the  Uoper  Tooting  Park  and  Bal- 
ham  Hill  Nurseries.     CATALOGUES  now  ready. 


MARECHAL    NIEL    ROSE.  —  On    Sale, 
many  thousands,  in  pots  ;  grand  plants,  5  to  13  feet  in 
length,  i8j.  to  6oj.  per  dozen, 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO  .  Clapton  Nursery.  London,  E. 


A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw- 
biense,  hybridum,  and  alt  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  i,  2.  to  3  feet,  beautilully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand,  on  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO.,  King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 


LAING'S  DUTCH  BULBS, —  The  finest 
Roots.  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  NARCISSU-.  CRO- 
CUS, SNOWDROPS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  SPIR^A. 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs.  Importations  from  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


ORCHIDS,   a    SPECIALITY.  — Stock 
immense  in  extent,   fine  in  quality,  anti  moderate   in 
price.     Inspection  invited. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  N. 


RASPBERRY  CANES.— Fine  Canes  of  the 
following    sorts  :  —  Carter's    Prolific    and    Falstaff,    at 


.  per  1 


F 


PARROTT  BROTHERS.  Normandy,  Guildford. 

LOWERING        PLANTS. 

BOUVARDIAS,  12!.  per  dozen. 
CARNATIONS,  Tree,  i8j.,  24J.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  CAFFRA,  91.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  CAFFRA.  specimens,  30J.,  42J.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  GRACILIS,  91..  12J.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  HYEMALIS.  91  ,  ijj.,  181.,  30J.  per  dozen. 
HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  N. 

ARCISSUS    MONOPHYLLUsTVr 

BULBOCODIUM  ALBUS,  or  CLUSII,  the  White 
Horp  Petticoat  Narcissus.  The  undersigned  are  expecting  a 
new  introduction  of  very  fine  bulbs  of  this  nice  bulbous  plabt, 
fit  for  immediate  planting  and  for  flowering  this  winter  within  a 
short  period.  Only  immediate  Orders  can  be  attended  to,  as 
the  stock  not  sold  within  ten  days,  is  planted.  Cash  price,  per 
100,  I2r.  f-d  ;  per  250,  30J.  :  per  500,  55J.  ;  per  loco,  looj. 
Discount  to  the  Trade. 

E.  H.   KRELAGE  and  SON.  Haarlem,  Holland. 

THE       BEST       NEW       CULINARY 
PEAS   for   1887  are 
ECKFORD'S    •'  MAGNIFICENT." 
EOKFOKDS    ••  VICTOR." 
ECKFORD'S    '•  DIGNITY." 
In  sealed   packets   only.       For  pa'ticuUrs   vide  Gardeners' 
Chronicle.   October  30,  page  550.      Descriptive  LIST  on  appli- 

WILLTAM    BULL,    F.L.S.,     Establishment   for    New  and 
Rare  Planu  and  Seeds,  536,  King's  Road.  Chelsea,  London,  S.  W. 


Sweet-Scented  RhododandronB, 

ISAAC  DAVIS  AND  SON  have  this  season  a 
fine  stock  of  the  above,  mostly  well  filled  with  flower-buds, 
at  IS  6d.  to  y.  6d.  each. 

These  varieties  requne  no  special  treatment,  but  care  should 
be  taken  not  to  give  [hem  too  much  fire.heat.  We  a^e  informed 
that  in  South  Wales  they  have  withstood  the  seveiest  we.ither 
in  the  open  ground  uninjured,  but  it  is  well  to  give  tne  protec- 
tion of  glass  to  bring  the  fl  iwers  to  perfection. 

Descriptive  CATALOGUE  on  application. 
Orra'kirk,  Lancashire. 


YEWS,     3*  to  4i  feet,     84^.  per  100, 
good  and  bushy. 
HOLLIES,  green,  a  to  2M  '««»,  6oj.  per  100  ;  3  to  3%  feet,  S45. 
LAURELS,  Portugil.  3  to  2K  'eel,  501.  per  io3.  [per  100. 

AUCUBAS,  2  to  2%  feet,  bu^hy,  i8s.  pet  dozen. 
HOLLIES,  variegated,  a  feet.  iSs.  per  dozen,  good. 
QUICK,  strong.  14*,  per  1000 

Some  prime  SDeamen  YEWS,  good,   3  to  3K  feet,  2s.  6d. 
each,  also  some  larger  ones  up  to  la  feet. 

JOSEPH    SPOONER.   Goldworth,   Woking  Station. 

NEW    PEA    for    1886. 


LAXTON'S  WALTON  HERO- 

First-class  Certlflcate  from  the  Royal  Hortlcultsral 
Society  after  Trial  at  ChUwlclc. 


TLAXTON  is  prepared  to  SELL  the 
•  WHOLE  STOCK  of  this  fine,  large,  and  hand- 
some  podded  NEW  PEA,  raised  frcm  a  cross  of 
Telephone  by  British  Queen,  and  which  is  of  the  highest 
quality  and  fertility  —  the  produce  this  season  from 
5  pecks,  grown  on  about  3  roods  of  ground,  under  ordi- 
nary field  culture,  being  36  bushels,  and  the  grower  says 
he  considers  it  far  superior  in  quality  to  Yorkshire  Hero. 
If  the  Stock  be  not  sold,  "  Walton  Hero  "  will  be  sent 
out  in  Sealed  Half-pint  Packets,  at  2J.  retail,  with 
liberal  allowance  to  the  Trade. 

For  further  Particulars  apply  to 
T.    LAXTON,    Seed   Grower,    BEDFOED. 


^g"  T.  L.  has  disposed  of  that  fine  new  Pea 
"Charmer,"  sent  out  last  season,  together  with  his  new 
First  Early  variety,  "  Priraum,"  and  "  Sensation  "  and 
"  Ameer,"  two  fine  new  Peas  Certificated  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  to  Messrs.  HARRISON  and 
SONS,  Seed  Merchants,  Leicester. 


SPECIAL       NOrrCE.— 
On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 
the    Price   of  the 
"Gardeners'  Chronicle" 
will  be 

Reduced     to      Three      Pence. 


Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. ;  and  Bueh  HUl 
Park  Nursery,  Enaeld. 


HUGH      LOW     &     CO. 

Invite  inspectioD  of  the  stock  in  these  Nurseries— immense  in 
extent,  fine  in  qualitv,  moderate  in  price  — comorising  AZ\- 
I.EAS,  CAMELLIAS.  CYCLAMEN,  tONI|rER.t;  EfA- 
CRIS.  ERICAS,  FliKNS.  FRUIf  TREKS,  CRAPE 
VINES,  GKEENHOUSE  and  DECORATIVE  PLANTS 
HARDY  SHRUBS.  PALMS.  PELARr.ONIUMS,  ROStS, 
STOVE  and  SOFT-WOODED  PLANTS.  TREE  CARN.\- 
TIONS,  &C. 

271,600  Supeiflclal  Feet  of  Glass. 


King's  Acre  Nurseries,   Hereford. 


Established,  1785. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 

These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  unsurpassed/or  the  cultivation  of 

&OSES    and    FRUIT    TREES. 


JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO. 

are  now  offering  from  their  magnificent  stock 
ROSES,    Standard     Hybrid     Perpetual,     and 

others.  \ts.,  iSj.  to  24(,  per  dozen. 

„     Standard   Tea-scented,   fine   heads,    i8j, 
„     Dwarf  Hybrid  Perpetual,  %s.  to  \2s.  per 

dozen. 

„     Dwarf  Tea-scented,  all  on  the  Brier  stock, 

I2J.,  15J  ,  lo  18s   per  dozen. 

Roses  for  Greenhouses  and  for  Forcing, 

SPECIALLY  GROWN  UNDER  GLASS. 
"  Tbe  Largest  and  Finest  Stock  In  the  Kingdom. 
ROSES,  Specimen  Tea-scented,  in  Sand  9  inch 

po  s. 
„     Half-Specimens,  in  6  and  8-inch  pots. 
„     Smaller  sizes,  in  4  and  5-inch  pots. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

AN  IMMENSE  STOCK. 
Standards,  Pyramids, Dwarf-trained,  Horizontal- 
trained,  Cordons,  &c.,  of 
APPLES,    PEARS,    PLUMS,    CHERRIE*, 
PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  APRICOT,-, 
CURRANTS,  GOOSEBERRIES,  &c. 


ORCHARD-HOUSE    TREES. 

Fine   bearing  Trees,  well  ripened  under  Glass. 

VINES— Extra  fine  Fruiting  Canes. 
STRAWBERRIES— A  large  Collection— well- 
rooted  Runners. 


Cescrif'tive  CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTO.M  &  CO., 

KING'S  ACBE  NURSERIES,  HEB.EFOBD. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

Vy  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  Icnown  to  require 
description.  Pnco  6j.  pet  bushel 
(ij.  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
(id.  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  it. 

None  geoaine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
iges  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
Limited),  NurserymeD  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


678 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


November  27,  1886. 


SPECIAL       NOyiCE.— 

On   and  after   Jan.'  \,    1887, 

the   Price  of   the  ] 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

will  be 

Keduced      to     Three      Pence. 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application.    

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER.         

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(EsUblished  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPnVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
'Sit^tt  Gardeners*  Chronicle  fyiSe^^'^  4,0-298.  Trie  fineststock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.    PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 

LAROE      DESCRIPTIVE      CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  S«eds,  Roses,  Plants,  Forns,  &c. 
A  Complete  Guide /or  Amateurs.     Gratis  and  Post-free. 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN,    CHARD, 
SOMERSETSHIRE^ 

Specialties  — Garden  Seeds,  1886. 
CHARLES  SHARPE&CO.'S 

WHOLESALE  LIST  of  their  SPECIAL- 
TIES in  NEW  PE/\S  and  other 
VEGETABLE  SEEDS  is  now  ready,  and 
will  be  forwarded,  post-free,  to  the  Trade,  on 
application. 

A  Copy  has  been  posted  to  all  CHARLES 
SHARPE  AND  CO.'S  regular  Customers.  If 
any  have  not  been  received  they  will  be  glad  to 
be  informed,  that  another  may  be  sent. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  k  CO., 

SEED  WAREHOUSE,  SLEAFORD. 


SEEDLING         BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 
NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

ISJ.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(my  seleciion) 
My  FRENCH  CATALDGUE  o(  New  Roses  sent  post.free. 
My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 
of  the  verv  best  Rose*,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sendnig 
out  of  each  variety,  free  for  "jd.  in  stamps. 

JAMbS  L.  BnY^ON,  Caen,  Calvados.  France. 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  4J.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots,  i6j.  per  100  ; 
ditto  in  larpe  pots,  35J  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  tree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


FRIDAY      NEXT. 


ANGR..^CUM     SCOTTIANUM. 

The  most  remarkable  Importation  ever  seen. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are  instructed  by 
Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  December  3,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the 
grandest  lot  ever  introduced  of  the  extremely  rare  ANGR^CUM  SCOTTIANUM.  The  plants 
are  in  most  superb  condition  and  in  extraordinary  masses,  nothing  approaching  them  having  ever 
been  seen.  This  Angrtecum  is  not  only  one  of  the  rarest  extant,  but  also  one  of  the  most  beautifuL 
Its  pure  white  flowers  are  round  and  compact,  nearly  3  inches  across.  The  spur  measures  some 
6  inches,  and  is  of  a  lightish  red.     It  is  figured  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  31,  18S0,  p.  136. 

There  will  also  be  included  in  the  above  Sale  ANGR^CUM  LEONII,  in  grand  pieces; 
ONCIDIUM  MACRANTHUM,  the  rare  and  beautiful  ONCIDIUM  UNDULATUM, 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  PARDINUM,  O.  HALLII  LEUCOGLOSSUM,  a  fine  lot  of  CAT- 
TLEYA  PERCIVALIANA,  ONCIDIUM  NUBIGENUM,  in  large  masses  ;  ODONTOGLOS- 
SUM EDWARDII,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sile,  and  Catalogues  had. 


NOW     BEADY. 

THE    GARDEN    ANNUAL 
ALMANAC  anti  ADDRESS  BOOK  for  1887. 

This  is  the  most  complete  and  accurate  Yearly  Reference  Book  for  the  use  of  all  interested  in 

Gardens  yet  published.     1  he  Alphabetical  Lists  of  all  Branches  of  the  Horticultural  Trade  have 

been  corrected  up  to  the  end  of  October.     The  Lists  of  Gardens  and  Country  Seats  have  been 

very  carefully  antl  extensively  revised,  and  are  admitted  to  be  the  most  complete  ever  published. 

The  "Garden  Annual"  may  be  ordered  tbrough  all  BookseUera,  Nurserymen,  and  Seedsmen. 


IfF^ 


l^Wrm 


PRICE,     ONE    SHILLING;    POST-FREE,     ONE    SHILLING    AND     THREEPENCE. 

37,  SOUTHAMPTON  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C. 

SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHATBOilER^ 

HOT- WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  description. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Ventilating 

Arrangement 

for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    RAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PURPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,   BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE   HILL  WORKS.  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,  Vir.C. 


Please  send  me  "THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  "/'"'- 
commencing  January  i,  1887,  for  which  I  enclose  P.O.O. — 


1^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  151.  ;  6  Months,  7s.  6d.  ■  3  Months,  31.  gd.  \  Post-free. 

FOREIGN    SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :  — Including  PosUge,  17.1.  6rf.  for  Twelve  Months. 

India  and  China,  i^.  6d. 


P.O.O.  to  be  made  payable  at 
No.    48,    DRURY    LANE,    London,    to    "W.    RICHARDS, 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


NOVEMBKR  27,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


679 


TO       T  HE       T  R  A  D  E. 

FRTIIT  TREES  still  to  offer. 

Cheshunt-ETOwn  Standard  APPLES. 

Standard  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and  DAMSONS. 

Dwarf-trained  APPLES.  PEARS,  and  PLUMS. 

Transplanted  Pyramid  FRUIT  TREES 

Dwarf-trained  PEACHES  and  NECTARINES,  of  extra  Au 

VINES,  Fruitine  and  Planting,  good. 

STRAWBERRIES,  in  Pots,  for  Forcing  or  Planting. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  on  short  i  foot  stems. 

CURRANTS,  strong.  Red  and  White. 

NUTS,  on  single  stems. 

TREES  and  SHRT7BS. 

Varieeated  HOLLIES,  all  sizes. 
AUCUBAS  and  LAURELS,  ol  kinds. 
Oval-leaved  PRIVET,  5  to  6  feet. 
LIMES,  in  Large  quantiiies.  all  heights. 
LABURNUMS,  Standard.  English. 
LILACS.  Common.  4  to  5  feet. 
FLOWERING  SHkUBS,  of  the  better  sorts. 

ielect  kmds. 


PAUL       &       SON, 

THE  "OLD"  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT. 

CLOSE  ofmy  DAFFODIL  SEASON. 

"  Early  to  bed,  early  to  rise, 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wise." 

TT     IS     SO    WITH    DAFFODILS, 

JL  the  earlier  ihey  are  in  the  ground,  the  better  they  bloom. 
My  Scotch  and  English  Patrons  for  season  i8S6  have  my  beat 
thanks  fjr  past  favours. 

WM.    NAYLOR    HARTLAND, 

Seed    Warehouse— 24 ,    Patrick    Street,    Cork. 

Grounds— Temple  Hill.  Cork. 

SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

7ht  Illuitrattd  and  Dcxripthe  CATALOGUE  i>/ FRUITS 

fmt-/ne. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 


THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK.  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  II. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "  List    op   Nkw,    Rars.     and 

Choicb  Ferns."  and  **  Hardv  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.    BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NHRSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

WM.  RTSLEY,  Maritzbitrg,  Natal. 
{The  Original  Grower.) 
These  splendid  Eulbs,  superior  to  any  in  the  market,  are  now 
being  supplied  to  the  Trade  and  Growers  at  greatly  reduced 
pi  ices,  and  such  as  defy  competition.  Special  quotations  given. 
Cases  fiee.  Terms  net  cash  t  month.  For  further  particulars, 
apply  to 

W  M.      G.      MAC       GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 

50,000  SINGLE  DAFFODILS,  gt.  per  1000. 
50,000   NAKCISSXTS    POETICUS    (Pheasant- 

eyed',  us.  td.  per  io:o. 

50,000  NARC1S8  as  ( Double  White),  25J.  penooo. 
50,000  CROCUS  (Yellow),  y.  per  1000. 
Low  Offers  to  Clear 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed   and    Bole    Mrrchants, 
13,    EXETER    STREET.    STRAND,    LONDON.     W.C. 

PB.1ZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  iheir  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.    COOPER,   FRHS.    Calcot   Gardens.    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAMPHLETS     on    application. 


JERSEY    FRUIT    TREES, 


40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 

These  are  very  strong  dwarf  bushes,  selected  from  amongst 
thousands,  and  we  shall  be  happy  to  send  Sample  Trees 
Gratis  and  Carriage  Paid  on  application. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 

the   Price   of  the 

'•  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

w///  6e 

Reduced     to     Three     Pence. 


R::SES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  The  best 
ar,d  cheapest  in  the  world.  Forty  choice  Perpetuals  for 
2ts  Pu'chasers  selection  from  400  best  varieties.  CATA- 
LOGUES free  on  application.  Ten  acres  of  Roses,  100,000 
CTand  plants  10  select  from. 

(AM  E5>  WALTERS,  Rose  Grower,  Exeter. 

ROOTS  for  8PRINGJL0WER8~ 

WALLFLOWERS.  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS.  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, IS   per  dozen  ;  is.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pmk,  is.  per  dozen;  4s.  per  ico  :  35J. 

VIo'LAS°and    bedding    PANSIES.    Alpine    AURICULAS, 

AUBRIETI  AS,  ARABIS,  11.  6d.  per  doz  ;  3s.  per  too. 

2BO,000  of  the  finest   Hardy  Perennials. 

all  be^t  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  6s.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES,  show  and  fancy,  3^.  per  dozen. 
Pi  ITKN TILLAS,  5s.  per  dozen. 
HEl'ATI.-AS,  reo  and  blue,  31.  6J.  per  d  izen. 
PHLf)XE^.  1  yea',  3s.  ;  2  years,  ss.  per  dozen. 
PYRE  1  HRUMS.  4!,  per  dozen  ;  2JI.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double   white,  lilac  and  sulphur,  js.    6J.  per 

dozen. 
PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  4s.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  German  IKlS,  2..  (d.  per  djien. 
Mixed  English  IRIS.  is.  per  dosen  ;  5s.  per  loo. 
HoLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  41.  per  dozen  ;  2ss. 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shaHes,  3s.  per  dozen. 
HARDY   PERENNIALS    in   variety,  lor  continuous  bloom, 
izkinds,  3S  :  25kinds.  6s.  ;  50 kinds,  izs.6iZ.  ;  100 varieties. 


Stove  and  Greenbonse  Plants 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  ;  live  houses  from  1 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offeri 
room   lor   winter  aiid  spring  stock. 


Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppprs,  well  rooted,  healthy  t 
APPLES,   PEARS,   PLUMS,   and  CHERRIES,  Pyramidi 


Standard 

dozen  ;  dwarf-iraired,  18s.,  21s.,  ao( 
CURRANTS  and  GOJSEBERRIICS, 


nd  18s.  per 
s.  per  dozen. 
6rf.  t0  4S.  per  dozen. 


RA'^PBbRRIES,  IS  to  2S.  per  dozen  ;  6s  to  i2S.  rerioo. 
RHUBARB.  4.r.  to  6s.  per  dozen  CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,    35  of  the  best  varieties,  gruund  plants. 

2S.  6d.  per  100:  in  2j4  inch  pots,  10s.  Sd.  per  100  ;  in  5-inch 

pots,  for  forcing,  25s.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  vjneties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  3s. 

to  5s.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  7s.  6d.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Roses. 
Well  rooted,  hardv  plants  if  best  sorts  ;  12  line  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  7S.  ;  so  f  >r  J5S.  ;    100  lor  45s. 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,  NOISETTES,  &c  ,  6r.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous   Shrubs, 

Conlters,  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  a  1  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
mo*l  healrhy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
FOREST  TRKES  of  sons,  6s.  per  dozen  ;  405   per  100. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  to  9s.  perd-zen  ;  40s.  and  60s. 

DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  4s.  per  dozen 

R  HO  OODE  N  DRONS,  fine  named  scarlet,  piuk,  crimson,  &c  , 

shades,  i8s.  and  24s.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  lor   hedges,   5s.   per    ico  ;    45'- 

per  1000. 
THORN  QUICKS,  20s.  and  25s.  per  1000. 

^"  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  tiherally  treated. 
See  Catalogue.  

WM.     CLIBRAN     &     SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY.   AITRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  &c. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOWERINGSHRUBS. 

THE  BEST  PARK,  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c., 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WAX.THAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining   Waltham    Cross  Station,    Great   Eastern    Railway, 


SATURDAY,    NOVEMBER    27,    1886. 


AUSTRALIAN       AND       NEW 
ZEALAND   TREES    IN   ARRAN.* 

THE  island  of  Arran  is  the  most  northern 
locality  where  Australian  and  New 
Zealand  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  exten- 
sively cultivated.  The  success  which  has 
attended  the  experiment  has  attracted  much 
notice.  Baron  Mueller  in  his  most  valuable 
work  on  the  Eucalypts  of  Australii,  and  also 
in  his  Select  Extra-Tropical  Plants,  makes 
constant  reference  to  them.  This  has  led  the 
writer  to  give  this  year  a  much  more  detailed 
account  than  would  otherwise  be  desirable. 

Arran,  situated  between  554"  to  55!°  N.  lati- 
tude, 20  miles  in  length  by  8  or  10  miles  in 
breadth,  is  one  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  and  lies 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Clyde.  The  northern  half 
is  mountainous,  ascending  to  the  height  of 
2866  feet ;  the  southern  half  is  much  more 
level,  ascending  to  only  half  the  height  of  the 
northern.  The  rainfall  varies  much,  but  every- 
where it  is  great  ;  at  Lamlash  it  averages 
66  inches.  There  is,  however,  little  mist  or  fog 
along  the  coast,  where  all  the  trees  are  planted  ; 
and  there  are  few  days  some  part  of  which  is 
not  dry.  The  temperature  in  winter  is  much 
higher  than  on  the  mainland.  On  the  light- 
house at  Pladda,  half  a  mile  south  of  Arran,  at 
the  height  of  no  feet,  the  lowest  temperature 
for  thirty  years  was  in  January,  1881,  when  it 
sunk  to  28''  F.  The  temperature  is  moderated  by 
its  insular  position,  by  the  Gulf  Stream,  and  by 
the  fact  that  channels  of  deep  water  (averaging 
about  450  feet  in  depth)  run  lengthways  near  to 
the  shore  along  both  sides  of  Arran. 

Many  of  the  trees  mentioned  grow  in  the 
garden  of  Captain  Brown  at  Lamlash.  His 
house  is  in  the  middle  of  the  Bay  of  Lamlash 
The  bay  is  3  miles  in  length  and  is  protected 
by  the  Holy  Isle,  lying  in  the  centre  of  the  bay, 
at  1 3.8  miles  from  the  shore  and  1030  feet  in 
height  ;  while  the  mountains  behind  Lamlash 
also  ascend  to  the  height  of  1003  feet.  The 
trees  are  planted  in  a  good  soil,  abounding  in 
water-springs  on  the  slope  of  the  old  coast  line, 
and  about  200  yards  from  high-water  mark. 
Trees  are  also  planted  at  Brodick  Castle  high 
garden.  This  is  on  a  slope  about  100  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  is  sheltered  by  wood  on 
all  sides  ;  the  soil  is  light  and  the  garden 
slopes  to  the  sun.  Cromla  garden,  Corrie,  is 
only  separated  by  the  highway  from  the  sea  at 
high  water  ;  it  is  also  sheltered  by  trees,  while 
the  mountains  rise  so  abruptly  behind  it  and 
so  shelter  it  from  the  wind,  that  though 
seemingly  exposed  to  the  full  fury  of  the  east 
wind,  it  is  in  reality  so  protected  that  the 
branches  of  the  trees  all  incline  towards  the 
sea,  and  at  high  water  some  of  them  actually 
overhang  it.  The  soil  of  this  garden  is  stiff 
clay,  thoroughly  drained. 


•  The  measurements,  unless  mentioned,  are  taken  at  5  feet 
from  the  ground.  When  trees  are  not  from  Australia  or  New 
Zealand  this  is  stated.  Rev.  P.  Landsborou^e,  in  Report  of 
r.dinhiri;!:  Rcyal  Botanic  S.^ci.-I}',  .Vmrm/vr  u. 


680 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[November  27,  i886. 


Gum  Trees. 

The  Alpine  Gum  (Eucalyptus  alpina  :  Victoria).— 
This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the  Gum 
trees.  Its  native  habitat  is  the  summit  of  Mount 
William,  the  highest  peak  (3S25  leet)  of  the  Gram- 
pians of  Victoria.  Though  exalted  in  position  it  is 
the  opposite  in  stature,  being  "a  mere  bush  3  or 
4  feet  high,  showing  no  tendency  to  form  a  main 
stem.  Its  leaves,  broad  and  rarely  above  3  inches  in 
length,  are  dark  green  (purple  when  young)  ;  the 
flowers  single,  sessile,  and  much  resembling  those  of 
the  Blue  Gum  (E.  globulus),  and  almost  as  large." 
(Mueller.)  Baron  Mueller  was  so  much  interested  in 
what  he  heard  of  it  that  he  visited  its  lofty  habitat 
and  took  away  seed  which  he  sowed  in  the  Botanic 
Garden  of  Melbourne.  Here  it  retained  much  of  its 
original  character,  and  remained  so  dwarfish  that  "in 
a  quartet  of  a  century  it  grew  only  to  the  height 
of  12  leet,  and  showed  no  tendency  to  alter  its 
bushy  habit."  I  am  happy  to  report  that,  as  became 
a  Grampian  plant,  it  has  taken  most  kindly  to  the 
original  land  of  the  Grampians,  and  bids  (air  in  Scot- 
land speedily  to  outrival  all  its  Australian  compeers. 
It  was  planted  in  Arran,  in  1SS4,  when  its  height  was 
only  2  feet,  now,  in  1SS6,  it  is  5^,  having  last  year 
grown  2  feet,  that  is  four  times  the  growth  of  the  one 
in  the  Melbourne  Botanic  Garden.  Instead  of  the 
leaves  being  only  3  inches  in  length,  one  of  them, 
besides  being  so  thick  as  to  weigh  three  quarters  of 
an  ounce,  measured  9  inches  in  length  and  5  inches 
in  breadth.  Alpine  though  its  original  habitat  is,  it 
grows  in  Corrie  Hotel  gardens,  in  a  sheltered  spot  so 
neat  to  the  sea  as  to  be  only  35  yards  from  high-water 
mark.  So  very  vigorous  is  its  growth,  that  my  friend 
Mr.  Lindsay  has  doubted  its  being  the  genuine  alpina, 
and  has  given  me  another  plant  from  the  Botanic 
Gardens  that  he  can  certify.  Through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  Murray,  factor  to  the  Dake  o(  Hamilton,  this 
one  has  this  year  been  planted  in  bis  garden  in  light 
soil  and  in  a  sheltered  spot  open  to  the  sun  almost  the 
whole  day.  Here  I  doubt  not,  it  will  soon  equal  the 
one  at  Corrie.  At  present  it  is  about  a  foot  in  height. 
The  low  habit  of  this  Gum  tree  adapts  it  for  many 
places  for  which  most  of  the  Gums  would  be  unsuited. 
Its  large  and  interesting  flowers  will  aho  be  all  the 
better  seen. 

The  Blue  Gum  (Eucalyptus  globulus  :  Victoria 
and  Tasmania).— The  size,  rapid  growth,  striking 
appearance,  the  property  of  absorbing  more  moisture 
from  the  soil  than  any  other  tree,  and  thus  of  rapidly 
drying  marsh-land,  the  abundance  of  the  anti-mala- 
rian  perfume  that  is  diffused  by  its  leaves,  especially 
when  growing  when  the  leaves  are  broad  and  soft, 
have  united  to  render  this  the  most  popular  of  all  the 
Gum  trees.  As  the  leaves  also  generate  ozone  largely 
it  is  recommended  for  window  culture,  and  also  for 
the  wards  of  hospitals.  "  In  Australia  it  attains  the 
height  of  350  feet.  On  the  mountains  of  Guatemala, 
in  Central  America,  where  it  has  been  intro- 
duced, it  grows  so  rapidly  that  in  twelve  years 
it  has  been  known  to  attain  a  height  of  120  feet, 
with  a  stem  circumference  of  9  feet."  (Mueller.) 
Unfortunately  it  is  not  so  hardy  as  many  of 
the  other  Gums.  "  In  South  Europe  it  withstands 
a  temperature  of  19°  F.,  but  is  killed  by  one  of 
17°  F."  At  Arran  several  at  various  times  have  been 
planted,  but  the  severe  winter  of  iSSo-Si,  which 
destroyed  all  the  Blue  Gums  in  the  open  air  on  the 
mainland  of  Scotland,  killed  those  in  Arran  with  the 
exception  of  one  at  Captain  Brown's,  Lamlasb.  It 
was  sown  in  1874  by  James  Paterson,  Eq.,  factor  to 
the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  and  is  now  40  feet  in  height 
and  2  feet  4  inch  in  girth.  It  would  have  been 
about  8  feet  taller  had  it  not  been  polled  to  prevent 
its  being  blown  down  by  the  wind.  Its  girth  would 
also  have  been  greater  had  not  the  winter  of  i88o  8i 
destroyed  all  its  leaves,  and  so  injured  it  that  it  was 
more  than  a  year  before  it  fully  recovered  its  former 
vigour.  It  is  near  to  the  highway,  and  well  seen  from 
it,  and  as  Lamlash  is  much  frequented  in  summer  by 
visitors,  and  Lamlash  Bay  is  much  resorted  to  as  a 
harbour  of  safety,  the  Blue  Gum  attracts  much  atten- 
tion. At  times  sailors  or  foreigners  may  be  seen  in 
the  highway  looking  at  it.  Then  they  come  up  the 
avenue  to  have  a  nearer  view,  when  not  unseldom 
they  become  demonstrative.  Long  may  it  live  and 
flourish  ! 

The  Cider  Cum  (Eucalyptus  Gunnii  :  Victoria, 
Tasmania,  and  New  South  Wales). — This  Gum  re- 
ceives its  name  from  the  juice  that  flows  from  it  when 
pierced  in  spring.  When  it  grows  on  the  plains  it 
differs  a  good  deal  from  the  mountain  variety,  and  is 


often  called  the  "Swamp  Gum,"  from  the  nature  of 
the  ground  in  which  it  delights.  "It  grows  to  a 
considerable  height.  Bees  obtain  much  honey  from 
its  flowers.  Cattle  and  sheep  browse  on  its  foliage." 
(Mueller.)  A  special  interest  attaches  to  this  Gum  in 
Britain  from  the  fact  that  at  Kew  it  has  withstood 
severe  frost  [it  is  injured  more  or  less  every  winter, 
but  produces  new  shoots  from  the  old  trunk  every 
summer. — Ed.]  At  Whittinghame,  East  Lothian, 
there  is  a  tree,  planted  in  1845,  which,  though  cut  to 
the  ground  by  frost  in  i860,  is  now  more  than  60  feet 
in  height,  and  matures  seed,  which,  having  been 
sown  by  Mr.  Lindsay  at  the  Edinburgh  Botanic 
Gardens,  has  germinated,  so  that  we  have  now 
Scottish-bred  trees  of  this  species,  which  may  be 
expected  to  be  even  more  accommodating  to  a 
Scottish  climate  than  their  parent.  Mr.  Stewart 
informs  me  that  in  New  Zealand  he  found  that,  while 
somewhat  straggling  in  habit  when  left  to  its  natural 
growth,  when  topped  it  acquires  a  weeping  habit,  and 
becomes  a  beautiful  tree.  It  grows  vigorously  at 
Captain  Brown's,  Lamlash.  One  was  planted  last 
year  at  the  Free  Church  Manse,  Whiting  Bay,  where 
its  power  to  resist  the  sea  breeze  will  be  tested. 

The  Coccus-bearing  Cum  (Eucalyptus  coccifera : 
Tasmania). — This  is  one  of  the  Box  Gums.  The 
leaves  of  the  plant  when  young  are  not  unlike  in 
colour,  shape,  bloom,  and  substance  to  Box,  only 
much  larger,  being  about  the  size  of  a  penny.  It  is, 
so  far  as  yet  known,  the  most  hardy  of  all  the  Gum 
trees.  A  plant  of  it  grows  in  perfection  at  Captain 
Brown's,  Lamlash  ;  there  is  another  at  Clachaig,  near 
Lagg,  where  its  power  of  resisting  the  sea  breeze  will 
be  ascertained.  Its  flowers  are  purple.  At  Powder- 
ham  Castle,  Devonshire,  there  is  a  [tree,  said  to  be  of 
this  species,  more  than  60  feet  in  height  and  9  in  girth. 
(See  figure  18,  in  Gatd,  Chron.^  vol.xi.,  1879,  p.  113, 

The  Crimson  Gum  (Eucalyptus  ficifolia  :  South- 
Eastern  Australia). — I  have  ventured  to  name  this 
species  popularly  for  this  country  as  "  the  Crimson 
Gum,"  because  of  its  crimson  flowers.  A  few  other 
Gums  have  crimson  flowers,  but  this  is  the  only  one 
of  the  crimson  bloomers  likely  to  be  cultivated  in 
Britain.  "Although  not  a  tree  of  large  dimensions, 
this  splendid  species  is  very  notable  for  its  magnifi- 
cent trusses  of  crimson  (filaments  cinnabar-red) 
flowers,  and  its  handsome  leaves,  which  resemble 
those  of  the  Indiarubber  tree  (Ficus  elastica).  It  i>  a 
shady  heat-resisting  avenue  tree,  not  standing  in  need 
of  watering,  and  grows  to  the  height  of  about  50  feet." 
(Mueller.)  I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  a  friend  a  speci- 
men of  this  gorgeous  Gum.  It  is  now  in  the  green- 
house of  another  friend,  as  till  I  have  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  it  in  bloom  I  will  not  venture  it,  even  in 
Arran,  in  the  open  air.  When  planted  it  must  be 
placed  in  as  warm  and  sheltered  a  spot  as  possible, 

{To  he  cnnlim.c.t) 


\^h\\  Blant^. 


CHRYSOGONUM  VIRGINIANUM. 

The  recent  unusually  dry  autumn  afforded  a  very 
good  test  of  the  drought-withstanding  capabilities  of 
hardy  plants  in  general,  and  few  have  passed  through 
the  trying  ordeal  more  satisfactorily  than  the  above* 
named  plant,  of  which  the  accompanying  illustration 
(fig.  131)  shows  only  one  of  its  numerous  flower-heads. 
It  is  closely  allied  to  the  Silphiums,  and  though  long 
since  introduced,  is  rarely  met  with  in  gardens  now- 
a-days.  It  is  an  extremely  useful  plant,  especially 
for  the  front  of  mixed  borders,  or  even  as  edging  ; 
and  as  it  cares  little  for  drought,  we  have  found  it 
indispensable  for  covering  bare  dry  banks,  &c.  It 
has  the  merit,  too — an  unusual  one  for  a  North 
American  plant — of  beginning  to  open  its  flowers 
early,  and  continuing  until  the  severe  frosts  set 
in;  this  year,  notably,  it  has  flowered  since  early 
summer,  and  when  we  saw  it  the  other  day  it  had 
lost  little  of  its  usual  vigour.  In  light  sandy  soil  it 
seems  more  floriferous  than  in  that  of  a  heavier 
nature  ;  in  the  latter,  too,  it  grows  more  robust,  and 
loses  its  creeping  character  to  a  large  extent.  It 
produces  numerous  creeping  rootstocks,  rooting  deeply 
as  they  travel  along,  and  presenting  a  ready  means 
of  propagation.  It  rarely  exceeds  9  inches  in  height, 
bearing  three  or  four  pairs  of  ovate,  crenate,  long 
petioled  leaves,  those  on  the  stem  semi-cordate,  and 
surmounted  with  large  heads  of  clear  yellow  flowers, 
each  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter.  It  is  found  on 
dry  ground  in  Pennsylvania,  Florida,  iS:c.,  and  is 
apparently  very  variable.  One  of  the  more  distinct 
forms  has  been  selected  by  Gray  and  called  denta- 
tum ;  it  has  deltoid-ovate  leaves,  more  coarsely 
dentate-serrate,  the  teeth  as  well  as  the  tips  of  the 
bracts  having  a  more  conspicuous  mucro.  The 
specimen  from  which  our  illustration  was  taken  was 
sent  by  the  Rev.  C.  Wolley  Dod.  D. 


MORMODES  PARDINUM  MELANOPS,  nov.  var. 
Whbn  the  varieties  aspersum  and  armeniacum 
came  I  was  puzzled  enough.  How  can  I  describe  my 
astonishment  at  the  sight  of  a  tine  inflorescence  loaded 
with  flowers  of  such  a  dark  brownish-purple  tinge  that 
they  looked  almost  black  ?  It  is  a  great  satisfaction  to 
me  to  thank  for  this  novelty  Consul  Kienast  Zolley,  of 
Zurich,  one  of  the  most  intelligent  orchidists  of  our 
days.    //.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Papperitzia  Leiboldi,  Rchb.  J. 

This  plant  forms,  as  it  becomes  older,  small  dense 
tufts.  There  are  a  few  often  ascending  filiform  roots. 
The  depressed  pyriform  one-  or  two-leaved  bulbs  are 
very  small,  nearly  concealed  by  the  lowermost  leaves, 
and  not  attaining  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  length. 
Leaves  strong,  cartilaginous,  linear,  acuminate, 
ciineate  at  the  base,  2 — 3  inches  long,  three  lines 
broad,  very  thick,  with  a  projecting  midnerve  beneath, 
and  sharp  red  borders.  The  peduncles  I  had  before 
me  were  pendulous  ( !),  filiform,  4 — 5  inches  in  length. 
Flowers  in  lax  racemes.  Bracts  narrow,  triangular, 
shorter  than  the  stalked  ovaries.  Flowers  small, 
three  to  five  lines  long,  green  with  finally  yellow 
bristles  on  the  sepals  and  petals  and  some  yellow  on 
the  lip.  Median  sepal  conic-gibberose,  with  a  tail> 
like  apex  equal  to  the  inferior  compresso-conical  part. 
Side  sepals  connate,  compressed,  with  a  nearly  square 
back  and  an  aristate  apex,  arista  shorter  than  the 
connate  sepaline  body.  Petals  oblong  arislaloacumi- 
nate.  Lip  connate  with  the  base  of  the  column,  form- 
ing a  blunt  pouch  at  the  base,  hairy  inside  and 
closed  in  front  by  a  high  tridentate  lamina.  Epichile 
of  various  forms,  oblong,  with  basilar  auriculx,  or 
cuneate,  ligulate,  blunt  acute  ;  with  a  tumour  at  its 
base,  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  tridentate  lamina. 
Column  compressed,  with  a  protruded  rostellum  and 
an  androclinium  with  a  blunt  not  very  pronounced 
border.  There  is  a  triangular  curved  arm  on  each 
side  the  stigmatic  hollow  at  the  base  of  the  column. 
Anther  bigibbous  at  the  top,  long,  looking  from  the 
side  like  that  of  a  Leochilus,  or  like  an  obtusely- 
beaked  bird's  head.  PolUnia  globular,  hollow  inside. 
Caudicula  broad,  elliptical,  or  rhombic,  convex  at 
the  base,  linear  at  the  top,  with  a  small  glandule. 

This  is  a  description  of  a  plant  that  might,  indeed, 
better  be  understood  by  figures.  The  plant  is  one  of 
my  oldest  friends.  Curiously  enough,  with  a  certain 
persistency,  it  always  returns  to  me,  but  up  to  now 
it  has  avoided  the  friendly  shore  of  Old  England. 

Returning  from  South  Europe  in  December,  1843,  I 
found  at  Dresden  Mr.  Leibold,  just  returned  from 
Mexico.  The  first  pick  of  his  herbaria  had  been 
permitted  to  some  wealthy  amateurs,  so  that  I  had 
but  a  smaller  set  of  those  Orchids,  which  I  named  and 
described  in  the  Linmca.  Quite  accidentally  I  obtained 
a  bottle,  containing  some  branches  with  fruits  and  a 
queer  little  Orchid,  that  had  an  erect  raceme  and 
reddish  looking  flowers.  Not  considering  it  to  repre- 
sent a  new  genus  I  named  it  Leochilus  Leiboldi,  in 
1S44.  In  1S52  I  proposed  a  fresh  genus,  Papperiizia, 
dedicated  to  a  lamented  botanical  iriend  of  my  youih, 
W.  Papperitz,  who  discovered  Hymenophyllura  tun- 
bridgense  in  Saxony,  in  1S5S.  I  gave  a  figure  of  it 
in  Xenia  Orckidacea^  i.,  t.  100,  with  that  of  Cohnia, 
a  genus  found  again  a  lew  weeks  ago,  and  kindly 
sent  by  Herr  Obeihofgartner  Wendland,  the  greatest 
practical  connoisseur  of  Palms.  I  dried  my  alcohol 
specimen  carefully,  to  escape  the  possibility  of  its 
accidental  destruction.  Unique  specimens  should  never 
be  kept  in  alcohol,  and  I  was  exceedingly  pleased 
the  other  day  to  see  that  Professor  Oliver  has  just  the 
same  view.  Many,  many  hundreds  of  Mexican  Or- 
chidia specimens  and  scraps  passed  through  my  hands, 
but  my  beloved  Orchid  was  never  seen  any  more. 

I  was  not  aware  that  I  bad  a  rival,  or  better,  an 
associate  in  my  love  for  this  unique  plant.  This 
associate — Herr  Kienast  Zolley,  of  Zurich — born  in 
Mexico,  and  knowing  great  part  of  the  land  as  well 
as  he  does  the  environs  of  Zurich,  kept  silence, 
but  sent  copies  of  my  drawing  to  his  brown  col- 
lectors in  Mexico.  Imagine  my  surprise  when,  in 
November,  18S3,  this  excellent  gentleman  sent  me 
two  dried  specimens  of  the  plant.  One  is  quite  a 
dwarf,    the   other   has   a   kind   of    a   panicle,  there 


November  27,  1886.! 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


681 


being  a  side  branch  to  the  raceme.  Both  inflorescences 
are  upright,  the  flowers  yellow.  A  living  plant,  sent 
also,  had  a  raceme,  but  it  did  not  develope,  neither 
did  the  plant  make  good  progress. 

In  July  of  this  year  came  a  glorious  living  plant 
with  two  rich  and  one  poor  pendulous  inflorescence. 
The  same  plants  growing  wild  have  the  inflorescences 
upright.  The  purple  colour  of  my  first  specimen  may 
have  been  developed  in  the  spirit,  perhaps  from  the 
fruits. 

The  genus  is  as  it  were  a  connecting  link  between 
Ornithocephalus  and  Rodriguezia.  It  answers  rather 
well  the  incorrect  diagnosis  of  Zygostates,  but  it  has 
really  two  pollinia.  A  new  species  might  show  some 
new  unexpected  affinity. 

t  My  life  has  been  very  rich  in  orchidic  pleasure.  I 
may,  however,  state  that  I  have  seldom  experienced 


form  a  broad,  wide  body  nearly  as  long  as  the  lip, 
veined  on  the  same  plan.  Petals  spreading,  ligulate, 
acute,  ciliate  on  the  borders,  with  seven  dark  purple 
nerves,  the  three  looking  towards  the  side  sepals, 
green  at  the  base,  all  covered  with  much  darker  purple 
spots.  Lip  nearly  that  of  Cypripedium  barbatum, 
very  fine  dark  purple,  full  of  dark  warts  on  the  in- 
volved side  lacinioe,  pallid  underneath  towards  the 
base.  Staminode  transverse,  with  one  tooth  each 
side,  and  a  small  one  in  mid. 

This  fine  novelty  is  the  Sedenian  opus  n.  ?  It 
was  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  at  whose 
request  it  is  dedicated  to  Mr.  F.  G.  Tauiz,  Studley 
House,  Goldhawk  Road,  Shepherd's  Bush,  London, 
S.W.  It  is  with  the  greatest  pleasure  that  I  give  it 
this  name,  since  I  know  very  well  the  uncommon  en- 
thusiasm for,  and  love  of,  Orchids  that  has  suddenly 


Fig.  131.— chrysogonum  virginianum  :  dwarf  hardy  perennial  :  flowers  yellow,  (see  p.  6S0.) 


such  delight  as  when  my  good  little  plant,  the  first 
orchidic  curiosity  that  lell  into  my  hands,  reappeared 
after  forty  years,  not  accidentally,  but  in  consequence 
of  the  persevering  zeal  of  so  distinguished  an  amateur 
as  Consul  Kienast  Zolley.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Cypripedium  Tautzianumx,  «.  hybr.  art, 
ex  Hon.  Veitch. 

This  is  stated  to  be  a  mule  between  Cypripedium 
niveum  and  C.  barbatum,  to  have  the  dwarf  habit  and 
manner  of  growth  of  the  first ;  leaves  unknown  to  me ; 
and  a  two-flowered  inflorescence.  The  flowers  are 
very  nice  indeed,  and  are  much  like  those  of  Cypri- 
pedium tessellatum  porphyreum.  The  colours,  how- 
ever, are  much  more  brilliant.  The  elliptical,  acute, 
median  sepal  is  white,  with  very  dark  purple  veins, 
some  of  which  have  veinlets  radiating  outside,  which 
look  remarkably  neat.  There  are  two  green  veins 
on  each  side  of  the  midrib.  The  connate  lateral  sepals 


given  Mr.  F.  G.  Tautz  the  reputation  of  being  one  of 
our  most  zealous  Orchidists.  Jf.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Cattleva  granulosa  (Lindl.)  asperata, 
nov.  var. 
A  fine  Cattleya  granulosa  with  brownish  sepals  and 
petals,  spotted  with  dark  purple.  Lip  yellowish  at  the 
base,  anterior  part  of  the  finest  light  vivid  purple  with 
a  broad  white  border,  which  looks  remarkably  fine. 
The  anterior  surface  is  rough  in  an  extraordinary 
manner.  It  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Major  Lendy, 
in  August  last.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Catasetum  tigrinum,  Rchb.  f.  (GarJ.  Chron., 
iSSi,  p.  40,  Jan.  8). 

I  was  exceedingly  pleased  to  receive  a  very  fine 
inflorescence  with  twelve  well  developed  flowers.  I 
had  previously  seen  only  a  single  flower,  and  at 
another  time   a   single    inflorescence.     My    present 


benefactor  is  Mr.  TauIz,  Studley  House,  Gold- 
hawk  Road,  London,  W.  The  lovely  flowers  are 
quite  surprising  in  their  uncommon  colour,  white  with 
transverse  purple  bars,  and  in  their  very  long  petals 
and  triangular  lip.  They  resemble  certain  moths. 
The  plant  furnishes  one  of  those  difficulties  which 
give  so  much  work  to  the  botanist,  although  the 
amateur  knows  nothing  about  them.  The  lip,  when 
dried,  becomes  so  very  narrow,  that  no  one  would 
recognise  the  fresh  plant  from  dried  specimens.  In 
the  present  instance,  however,  we  have  been  fortunate, 
inasmuch,  as  the  living  plant  was  known  first,  and  the 
habit  of  its  flowers  could  be  well  watched  from  the 
first.  A  representation  of  the  species  has  been  given 
in  Lindenia,  I.,  xxvii.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Nerine  Moorei,  «.  sp. 

Leaves  9 — 12  inches  long,  half  to  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  broad,  very  curved,  slightly  twisted,  broadest 
about  one-third  of  the  length  from  the  base,  blunt- 
pointed,  thick  and  leathery  in  substance,  bright 
shining  green,  as  if  polished,  on  both  surfaces,  nerves 
not,  or  scarcely  visible;  leaves  little  behind  the 
flowers;  peduncle  short  and  stout,  compressed,  dark 
brownish-green,  8  inches  long  ;  flowers  centripetal, 
six  to  nine  in  number ;  pedicels  thin  but  stout, 
three-quarters  to  I  inch  long  ;  spathe  valves  lanceo- 
late, red,  longer  than  the  pedicels  ;  ovary  globose 
trigonous,  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter ;  peri- 
anth erect,  of  the  deepest  and  brightest  imaginable 
scarlet ;  segments  cut  down  to  the  ovary,  oblanceolate, 
crisped,  nearly  quarter  of  an  inch  broad,  I  \  inch  long  ; 
filaments  erect,  of  the  same  colour  as  the  flowers, 
longer  than  the  perianth  segments  ;  anthers  oblong  ; 
one-sixth  inch  long,  style  straight,  I J  inch  long. 

This  very  beautiful  plant  is  at  once  distinguished 
by  its  thick,  leathery  shining  leaves,  its  compact  con- 
stitution, and  the  very  wavy,  or  rather  crisp  flower 
segments,  and  by  the  very  brilliant  colour  of  the 
perianth.  I  have  named  it  in  honour  of  the  able 
Curator  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Dublin,  Mr. 
F.  W.  Moore,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  bulb. 
Max  LeUhllin,  Baden- Boiien. 

Lastrea  lepida,  «.  sp. 

Fronds  ovate  acuminate,  a  few  of  the  lower  pinnae 
abbreviated,  herbaceous  in  texture,  pinnato-pinnatifid; 
pinnae  distinct,  mostly  alternate,  very  shortly  stalked, 
the  upper  ones  almost  sessile,  the  longer  central  ones 
3i  inches  long,  the  lower  four  or  five  pairs  shorter, 
the  lowest  being  \\  inch  long,  narrowly  lanceolate, 
broadest  in  the  centre  (about  a  quarter  of  an  inch), 
attenuately  acuminated  at  the  apex,  and  much  con- 
tracted at  the  base  except  the  lowest  pair  of  lobes, 
which  are  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  long,  and  lie 
parallel  to  the  rachis ;  divided  two-thirds  down  into 
narrow  linear-oblong  blunt  falcate  ascending  lobes, 
which  are  decurrent  behind,  glabrous  except  on  the 
costa,  which  is  hairy  above,  and  on  the  margins, 
which  are  sparingly  setose  ;  veins  simply  pinnate, 
four  or  five  on  each  side,  very  short,  except  the  lower 
anterior  one  of  each  lobe,  which  extends  to  the  sinus 
and  terminates  in  a  few  slender  setose  hairs ;  sori 
medial,  on  each  side  and  very  near  to  the  midrib, 
covered  by  inflated  roundish-reniform  lead-coloured 
hairy  indusia  ;  caudex  erect ;  stipes  furnished  with  a 
few  pale  brown  lanceolate  scales  while  young,  and 
as  well  as  the  main  rachis  green,  furrowed  in  front, 
rounded  behind,  and  freely  setose  on  the  margins. 

This  remarkably  elegant  evergreen  Aspidiaceous 
Fern  has  sprung  up  without  a  history  in  the  tropical 
fernery  of  Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son,  at  the 
Pine-apple  Nursery,  Maida  Vale.  It  comes  near  the 
Fijian  Lastrea  Prenticei,  as  pointed  out  to  us  by  Mr. 
Baker,  but  does  not  quite  fit  in  with  the  peculiar 
features  of  that  species  as  indicated  by  Mr.  Carru- 
thers,  its  original  describer  in  the  Flora  Vitiensis^  and 
by  Mr.  Baker  in  the  Synopsis  FiUcum.  Lastrea 
Prenticei  is  said  to  have  rhomboid  fronds,  sessile 
pinnae,  basal  pinnaa  of  considerable  length,  close-set 
pinnules,  and  small  involucres — characteristics  which 
are  not  found  in  the  specimens  we  have  seen  of 
Lastrea  lepida,  which  latter,  moreover,  has  the  basal 
pair  of  pinnules  of  full  length  but  narrow.  These 
basal  pinnules,  extending  as  they  do,  parallel  to  the 
main  rachis,  in  consequence  of  the  very  narrow  lance- 
shaped  pinnae  decreasing  in  width  to  their  base,  sug- 
gest the  idea  of  resemblance  to  the  guard  of  a  small 
dagger.  The  veins  are  also  much  fewer  in  our 
plant,  in  which,  instead  of  nine  or  ten  pairs  in  each 
pinnule  or  lobe,  there  are  four  or  five  only  in  the  very 
largest  lobes.     Whether  it  has  found  its  way  into  our 

* 


682 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  18 


gardens  amongst  imported  Orchids  it  is  not  possible 
to  say,  there  being  no  information  on  the  subject :  but 
this  surmise  has  perhaps  more  probability  attached 
to  it  than  the  supposition  that  it  is  a  mere  garden 
sport,  which  is  indeed  all  the  less  likely  inasmuch  as 
there  is  no  cultivated  Fern  which  at  all  closely  resem- 
bles it.  In  any  case  it  is  as  graceful  in  aspect  as  it  is 
novel  in  character,  so  that  it  must  become  popular. 

As  known  to  us,  the  plant  produces  fronds  of 
about  Ij  foot  in  stature  from  a  short  erect  caudex, 
the  fronds  being  erectly  arching  in  their  mode  of 
growth,  of  a  tender  herbaceous  texture,  and  of  a  light 
bright  green  colour.  They  are  nearly  glabrous,  a 
row  of  close-set  setose  hairs  being  found  on  the  edges 
of  the  main  rachis,  and  a  few  in  the  sinuses  of  the 
lobes,  while  the  upper  surface  of  the  costs  or 
secondary  rachides  is  covered  with  shorter  hairs  of  a 
denser  character.  The  fronds  are  pinnate,  and  the 
pinnre  pinnatifid,  a  style  of  division  which  we  think 
most  clearly  expressed  by  the  compound  term  pinnato- 
pinnatifid  ;  these  pinna;  are  more  or  less  horizontally 
spreading,  those  on  the  upper  part  of  the  frond 
especially  so,  and  they  stand  about  half  an  inch  apart, 
or  rather  closer  upwards  ;  they  are  of  a  very  elegant 
narrow  lance-shaped  figure,  pinnatifid  throughout, 
but  with  the  lobes  towards  both  the  base  and  apex 
very  much  reduced  so  that  the  base  assumes  a  cuneate 
outline,  and  the  apex  is  much  acuminated  ;  the  lobes 
are  narrow  and  falcate,  with  the  posterior  base  decur- 
rent,  and  at  the  bise  next  the  main  rachis  occur 
the  two  straight  narrow  longer  lobes  already  alluded 
to.  The  greatest  width  in  the  central  part  of  the 
pinna  is  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  ;  the  greatest 
length  is  about  3J  inches,  and  the  length  of  the 
lowest  abbreviated  pinnce  I  i  inch.  The  venation  is 
but  little  developed,  owing  to  the  small  size  of  the 
lobes,  and  consists  of  three  or  four  pairs  of  short 
simple  veins,  bearing  the  sorus  near  their  base,  close 
to  the  mid-vein,  the  lowest  anterior  vein,  which  bears 
a  medial  sorus,  being  elongated  so  as  to  reach  the 
sinus,  where  it  terminates  in  the  fewsetose  hairs  already 
mentioned.  These  sori  are  abundant  over  the  frond, 
but  scarcely  crowded ;  they  are  punctiform,  and 
covered  by  somewhat  puffed-out  lead-coloured  hairy 
indusia,  which  are  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant,  and 
change  to  a  whiley-brown  colour  when  dry. 

We  owe  our  knowledge  of  this  handsome  plant  to 
the  Meisrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son,  of  the  Pine- 
apple Nursery,  who,  we  understand,  have  ascertained 
that  it  may  be  obtained  without  variation  from  the 
spores.  It  is  a  hothouse  Fern  of  especial  merit. 
T.  Moore,  Chelsea. 


EFFECTS  OF  TOBACCO  ON 
LAND. 

There  may  be  great  profits  in  growing  Tobacco 
(for  a  while),  but  I  do  not  think  we  can  keep  it  up 
long  unless  we  are  willing  to  spend  a  good  share  of 
the  proceeds  of  sales  in  the  purchase  of  manure  and 
fertilisers  to  keep  the  yield  up. 

So  far  as  my  observation  and  experience  goes,  I 
find  Tobacco  very  exhausting  to  the  soil.  A  heavy 
coat  of  manure  is  needed  for  every  crop,  and  that  is 
something  that  can  hardly  be  said  of  any  other  farm 
product.  We  often  read  and  hear  it  said  that  any 
soil  that  will  grow  a  good  fair  crop  of  corn  is  all 
right  for  Tobacco.  I  do  not  find  this  to  be  the  case. 
A  very  good  crop  of  corn  can  be  grown  where 
Tobacco  would  be  a  comparative  failure.  Not  only 
does  the  crop  require  an  immense  amount  of  ferliliiing 
material,  but  it  seems  to  have  a  bad  effect  on  the  land 
for  succeeding  crops.  As  "  Uncle  Jolham  Sparroif- 
grass  "  used  to  say  through  "Tim  Banker's  "  papers, 
"it  seems  to  pizen  the  land." 

One  of  my  neighbours  raised  last  year  an  acre  of 
Tobacco,  putting  on  the  land  after  it  was  ploughed  a 
very  heavy  coat  of  fine  manure,  hauled  at  consider- 
able expense  from  a  neighbouring  village.  This  was 
cultivated  and  dragged  in  thoroughly,  so  that  there 
could  have  been  no  loss  to  speak  of  from  evaporation 
or  washing.  That  acre  is  the  corner  of  a  field  which 
he  has  planted  this  year  to  corn— last  year's  Tobacco 
land  and  all.  lie  told  me  several  times  that  he  ex- 
pected a  big  crop  of  corn  on  that  acre.  I  have  seen 
the  field  almost  daily  during  the  season,  and  if  any- 
thmg,  the  acre  corner  is  under  the  average  of  the 
field,  notwithstanding  it  received  so  heavy  a  coat  of 
manure  while  the  balance  of  the  field  received  none. 

It  hardly  seems  possible  that  the  one  crop  of 
Tobacco  could  have  absorbed  the  manure  applied. 


Until  I  find  a  more  scientific  and  satisfactory  ex- 
pUnation,  I  must  fall  in  with  "  Uncle  Jotham"  when 
he  says  "it  pizens  the  land."  Unless  the  farmer 
makes  a  specialty  of  it,  and  buys  manures  constantly 
to  keep  his  land  up,  I  think  the  less  he  has  to  do 
with  Tobacco  the  better  off  will  his  land  be.  It  is 
no  fit  factor  in  ordinary  farm  operations  with  regard 
to  rotation  or  aught  else.  While  it  is  no  doubt  of  a 
more  permanent  nature,  it  is  something  like  the  Hop 
craze  that  went  through  the  country  a  few  years  ago 
— every  one  is  rushing  into  Tobacco  growing.  Even 
away  up  north  of  the  4+th  degree,  where  a  crop 
is  never  safe  from  frost,  people  are  expending  Ih^u- 
sands  of  dollars  for  outfits.  The  business  will  not 
wear  long  under  these  unfavourable  conditions. 
W.  D.  Boynlon,  in  '^Farmers   Rcvichi,"  LKI.  23. 


THE    NAMES  "ABIES"  AND 
"  PICEA." 

The  confusion  that  now  exists  in  horticultural 
catalogues — both  British  and  foreign — respecting  the 
generic  names  of  the  Spruce  and  Silver  Firp,  is  so 
great  that  scarcely  two  can  be  found  in  concord. 
Sjch  diversity  used  not  to  be.  For  fifty  years,  I 
believe,  the  horticultural  world,  in  this  country  at 
least,  systematically  called  Spruce  Firs  "  Abies,"  and 
Silver  Firs  "  Picea."*  Now  we  are  told  that  the  old 
hoiticulturists  were  altogether  wrong— that  "  Linnaeus 
made  an  accidental  mistake,"  and  so  forth. 

I  am  quite  aware  that  it  is  a  dangerous  thing  to 
call  in  question  a  change  which  began,  I  believe, 
with  so  acute  and  justly  renowned  a  botanist  as 
Dr.  Lindley.  Yet  even  the  wisest  men  sometimes  do 
questionable  things.  Soon  after  Dr.  Lindley  abolished 
the  distinction  between  the  two  genera — (calling  all 
the  Spruce  and  Silver  Firs,  Abies)— .-ny  father  wrote 
upon  the  subject,  expressing  his  regret,  and  pointing 
out  that  the  generic  dilTerences- to  a  nurseryman  at 
least — were  very  real  and  visible  ;  Ihit  even  in  the 
seedling  state  he  could  tell  which  was  which  with  his 
eyes  shut  ;  that  the  Silver  Firs,  when  I  year  old,  had 
not  more  than  six  foliaceous  divisions,  while  the 
Spruce  Firs  always  had  miny  more  ;  that  the  ccnes  of 
the  Spruces  were  pendent,  and  had  persistent  scales, 
while  those  of  the  Silver  Firs  were  erect,  and  had 
deciduous  scales,  lo  say  nothing  of  the  diverse  form 
and  texture  of  the  leaves,  with  which  most  nursery- 
men are  familiar.  Dr.  L'ndley  replied,!  "Mr. 
Bickhouse  has  poinltd  out  a  distinction  without  a 
difference." 

I  am  well  aware  that  it  is  now  said  that,  while  the 
determination  of  species  depends  upon  the  recognition 
of  permanently  diverse  structure,  the  naming  of 
genera  is  merely  a  matter  of  arrangement  for 
scientific  convenience,  or  to  that  effec*.  Cut  science 
i;  not,  or  ought  not  to  be,  the  author  of  confusion  ! 
If,  for  a  century  or  more.  Spruce  Firs  were  called 
Abies,  and  Silver  Firs,  Picea,  very  substantial  evi- 
den:e  of  error  ought  alone  to  permit  of  change.  By 
blending  the  two  genera.  Dr.  Lindley  virtually 
obliterated  the  generic  name  Picea,  Obedient  to  this 
decision  very  many  horticulturists  have  blended  the 
two,  so  that  now,  all  being  classed  under  the  name 
"Abies,"  you  have  to  guess  whether  such  and  such 
a  species  is  a  Silver  or  a  Spruce  Fir. 

An  article  in  the  GarJeiters'  Chronicle  of  June  20, 
■S63,  p  579.  says  "Dr.  Lindley  requests  us  to  state 
on  his  part  that  he  is  not  the  author  of  the  name 
Picea  nobiiis.  .  .  .  L'ke  other  scientific  writers,  he 
has  refused  to  acknowledge  the  so-called  genus  Picea, 
which  is  a  mere  shop  name,  whose  place  is  in  the 
limbo  of  trade  lists." 

But  soon  followed  another  "upset,"  which  I  pre- 
sume. Dr.  Lindley  would  have  emphatically  protested 
against.  We  are  now  asked  actually  to  reverse  the 
old  names,  and  to  call  the  Spruce  Firs  Picea  and  the 
Silver  Firs  Abies  !  and  we  are  told  that  Linnsus 
accidentally  reversed  the  original  names  of  these 
genera.  Obedient  to  this  decision,  catalogues  now 
reach  us  so  altered.  And  what  is  the  result  1  It  may 
almost  be  said  that,  horticulturally  speaking,  every- 
body is  "at  sea,  in  a  perfect  fog."  It  is,  indeed,  a 
most  unsatisfactory  slate  of  things.  I  know  that  the 
argument  is  that  scientific  laws  must  be  obeyed,  how- 


Co.,  who  li  Id  the  YorrNursei^t 
my  father  aDtl  iinrls  took  them 
nurserymen,   Mackie  &   Co ,   w 

t  I  believe  these  were   the  ex 
easily  find  the  article. 


Illy  used,  both  by  Te'fo  d  & 
for  nearly  a  centu  y  before 
1  1814,  and  by  the  Norwich 
ire   my  father    "  leant   the 

:t   words,    though    I   cannot 


ever  inconvenient  and  confusing  they  may  sometimes 
seem  to  be.  Bat  may  not  a  rule  like  Ihis,  though 
good  as  a  whole,  sometimes  be  carried  too  far  ? 

I  demur  to  the  evidence  upon  which  these  generic 
names  are  reversed,  and  also  to  the  decUration  that 
Picea  is  a  "  shop  name  "  that  ought  to  be  expunged. 
Tnough  quite  open  to  correction,  I  hold,  ist,  Ihat 
Linna'JS  made  no  mistake  ;  2J,  that  the  name  Picea 
is  no  "shop  name,"  but  as  old  as  Abies  ;  and  3d, 
that  Picea  is  ihe  right  generic  name  for  the  Silver  Fir. 

In  a  large  and  valuable  Latin  dictionary,  of  which  I 
am  the  fortunate  possessor,  printed  in  16S4,  and  there- 
fore long  before  the  time  of  Linnsus,  I  find  the 
meaning  of  Abies  "  Fir  tree  "  ;  and,  in  an  accompany- 
ing note,  the  words  "  Abietarius  negotiator,  a  timber 
or  Not »ay  merchant."  Surely  this  proves  that,  t*o 
centuries  ago,  the  word  Abies  was  applied  to  the 
Norway  Spruce,  as  that  is  emphatically  the  Fir  of 
NirAtay. 

The  same  dictionary  gives  "  Picea,  the  Pitch  or 
Resin  tree,"  plainly  recognising,  at  that  early  date,  the 
distinction  between  the  two  genera.  If,  with  evidence 
so  old  as  this,  and  the  fact  that  Linnaeus  applied,  to 
the  Spruce  Fir  the  specilic  name  Abies,  and  to  the 
Silver  Fir  the  specific  name  Picea,  we  couple  the 
national  custom  in  this  land  for  a  very  long  period  — 
almost  certainly  for  150  years  —  surely  it  is  not 
unreasonable  now  to  object  to  change,  unless  it  can 
be  shown  that  the  authority  for  such  change  is  unmis- 
takably strong  and  solid. 

In  the  introduc  ion  to  my  friend  Mr,  Veitch's 
excellent  Manual  of  Coniferce  it  is  stated  that 
Professor  Don  separated  the  Silver  Firs  from  Abies, 
and  constituted  them  a  new  genus  under  the  name  of 
Picea— which  reversed  the  names  of  Pliny  and  the 
ancient  naturalists. 

Surely  there  is  a  mistake  here?  Pliny,  in  his 
Nalitral  iy/i/or^  distinctly  enumerates  "the  Pine,  the 
Pitch-tree,  the  Fir,  and  the  Larch ;"  and  says  "  the  Pitch- 
tree  (Picea)  loves  the  mountain  heights,"  and  "  the  Fir 
(Abies)  grows  upon  the  summits  of  lofty  mountains." 
In  chap.  iS,  he  speaks  of  Picea  as  "a  funereal  tree," 
which,  "as  an  emblem  of  death  is  placed  before  the 
door  of  the  deceased,"  plainly  indicating,  I  think,  the 
dark  Ve«-like  "comb-like"*  foliage  of  the  Silver 
Fir.  Again,  Pliny  says,  "The  Fir  (Abies)  is  of  a 
rounder  form  than  the  others,  and  its  leaves  are  closely 
packed  and  feathered,  so  as  not  to  admit  the  passage 
of  rain  ;"  and  again,  "  From  the  branches  of  these  dif- 
ferent varieti.s  .  .  .  there  hang  numbers  of  scaly 
nuts  of  compact  shape,  like  so  many  catkins."  The 
cones  of  Picea  [Silvers]  do  not  hang— as  is  well 
known — but  are  erect  upon  the  branches. 

N  )w,  if  the  Abies  of  Pliny  grows  higher  up  on  the 
mjuatains,  has  closely  packed  leaves,  and  hanging 
cones,  while  his  Picea  grows  lower  down,  and  has 
comb-like  funereal  leaves,  we  are  surely  justified  in  re- 
garding the  former  as  the  Spruce  Fir,  and  the  latter 
as  the  Silver  Fir.  Nor  can  I  admit  a  mistake  in  Ihe 
Linnaean  names,  especially  as  the  Oiiental  Spruce  (as 
described  in  the  Species  Plantaruin)  follows  next  to 
his  "  Pinus  Abies,"  and  he  (Linmeus)  distinctly 
describes  P.  Abies  as  having  "subulate  mucronate 
leases,"  while  his  "  Pinus  Picea  "  has  "  foliis  solitariis 
apiceemarginatis."  Again,  Pliny  says,  "  the  Pitch  tree 
hrs  a  leaf  more  sparsely  scattered  than  those  of  the 
Larch."  The  leaves  of  the  Spruce  are  far  less 
sparsely  scattered  than  those  of  the  Larch  !  Its  foli- 
age is  more  dense  than  that  of  the  Silver  Fir. 

Pitch,  though  now  mainly  drawn  from  Norway,  is 
not  by  any  means  exclusively  so,  and  it  is  very 
probable  that,  in  Pliny's  time,  it  would  be  drawn 
mainly  from  trees  growing  upon  mountain  "heights," 
rather  than  from  trees  growing  upon  the  "  summits  of 
lofty  mountains  "  (to  which  positions  respectively  he 
assigns  his  "  Pitch  tree  "  and  "  Fir  "). 

Admitting  that  there  are  some  points  in  Pliny's 
descriptions  of  these  trees  which  are,  to  say  the  least, 
perplexing,  and  which  do  not  seem  quite  to  harmo- 
nise with  others,  and  that  the  summary  of  evidence 
may  therefore  perhaps  be  represented  by  the  word 
"  uncertain,"t  I  hold,   nevertheless,   that,   with  the 

*  The  translators  of  Pli-.y"s  work  remark,  naturally  enough. 
'•  If  this  is  the  case,  ihe  Pitch  tree  can  hardly  be  identical  with 
the  Abies  e.vcelsa  of  De  Candolle." 

\  In  iH't  q'lOling  Pliny  as  an  author' ty,  Linnaius  probably 
recognised  the  ob  curity  a  id  un;e  tamty  which  attache  I  to  his 
names  of  these  gen  ra.  '1  he  s  .me  cause  may  e.\plain  why  mo  t 
of  ihe  ea  ly  botanists,  whose  n<m-she  does  quote,  igno  e  1  the 
genus  Picei.  His  qu  tin^  au  ho.s,  who  gaire  the  name  Abies 
to  his  own  Picea.  in  no  wa/  proves  that  he  accept-d  their 
names,  or  intended  to  write  Pic  a  whe^e  he  wrote  Abes,  and 
-■ICC  -■crsA.  How  could  Tourneroit's  "  Abies  laxi  folio,  frmtii 
sursiim  spcctantc,"  or  ^i\\\\\T\%*'  conis  surstmt  s/ifctaittibus" 
be  given  hy  Linns  js  under  his  name  Picea  if  he  misplaced  it 
for  Ab  es  V 


NOVEMBES   27,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


683 


strong  evideDce  which  centuries  atiford  of  the  name 
Abies  having  been  applied  to  the  Norway  Spruce,  and 
especially  by  Linnixus,  it  is  vmwise  now  to  overturn 
all  thi?,  as  a  name,  if  worth  anything,  ought  cer- 
tainly to  convey  a  distinct  and  not  a  confuted  idea, 
which  latter  will  undoubtedly  be  the  case  ifgeniiic 
names  so  long  accepted  have  to  be  either  annihilated 
or  reversed.  It  is  on  this  ground  that  we  at  the 
York  Nurseries  have  continued  to  call  the  Spruce  Kirs 
Abies,  and  the  Silver  Firs  Picea,  and  that  we  have 
declined  to  change  till  evidence  ot  error,  more  clear 
and  satisfactory  than  any  yet  in  our  possession,  13 
brought  forward.  Jas,  Backhouse,  York,  Novenihcri^. 


THE      AGRICULTURAL 
RETURNS,    18S6. 

We  have  received  from  the  Agricultural  Depart- 
ment the  "Agricultural  Returns  of  Great  lititain, 
with  Abstract  Returns  for  the  Uoiled  Kingdom, 
British  Possessions,  and  Foreign  Countries,"  for  this 
year.  The  following  information  concerning  the 
United  Kingdom,  gleaned  from  the  book,  may  be  of 
interest  to  our  readtri.  It  is  stated  that  "  as  regards 
corn  crops  in  Great  Biitain,  that,  compared  with 
18S5,  there  is  a  decrease  in  the  area  under  Wheat 
and  Barley,  and  a  further  itDcrease  in  that  under 
Oats.  The  total  area  returned  under  Wheat  is  this 
year  2,2S6,ooo  acres — a  decrease  of  rr.ore  than 
192,000  acres,  or  7.8  ptr  cent,  less  than  that  of  the 
area  of  1SS5,  then  the  smallest  recorded." 

"The  diminution  of  the  areaunder  Wheat  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  due  to  the  unremunerative  prices 
which  have  prevailed  during  the  last  year,  and  to  the 
unfavourable  seed  time  in  the  autumn  of  18S5  and 
spring  of  the  present  year.  The  precarious  nature 
of  this  crop  in  Great  Britain,  and  the  competiiion 
with  foreign  grain,  have  further  induced  farmers  to 
devote  their  land  to  grazing  purposes  instead,  while 
in  many  districts  where  Wheat  had  been  sown  and 
had  failed  in  consequence  of  the  untoward  season, 
the  land  was  ploughed  up  and  oiher  crops  substi- 
tuted. It  is  further  explained  that,  in  the  majority 
of  instances  in  which  farms  are  on  the  owner's  hands, 
but  little  if  any  Wheat  is  sown."  These  facts  make 
it  evident  that  "Wheat  is  no  longer  our  most  valu- 
able crop  in  this  cjunlry,  and  it  can  hardly  be  doubled 
that  it  will  probably  become  less  and  less  a  food  of 
home  dependence.  The  4  419,000  acres  of  Oats,  for 
example,  grown  in  the  United  Kingdum  are  now 
worth  more  money  value  than  the  2,358,000  acres  of 
Wheat,  Barley  alsi,  which  this  year  occup'.es  a 
smaller  total  area  than  in  1SS5,  and  very  much 
less  than  the  average  area  of  the  last  ten 
years,  appears  to  be  soon  likely,  in  England, 
to  exceed  in  extent  as  it  does  in  the  other  divisions  of 
Great  Britain  and  in  Ireland,  the  more  rapidly 
diminishing  acreage  under  Wheat,  while  the  average 
produce  of  the  Barley  crop  is  already,  indeed,  worih 
quite  as  much  per  acre."  Green  crops  are  on  the 
decrease:  "The  total  area  was  3,480,400  acres,  or 
41,000  acres  less  than  last  year's  figures."  Flax  was 
returned  as  being  "grown  on  3000  acrer,"  and  it  is 
staled  that  "  where  its  acreage  has  slightly  increased, 
it  is  mainly  experimenta'." 

"  The  cultivation  of  Hops  has  not  been  quite  main- 
tained, there  being  about  70,000  acres  grown  in  18S6 
as  compared  with  rather  more  than  71,300  acres  in 
1SS5  ;  a  decrease  of  1200  acres,  or  nearly  1.8  per 
cent.  Part  of  the  decrease  in  Kent  is,  however,  in 
some  districts  only  apparent,  from  overestimates 
made  in  the  acreage  of  last  year,  when  many  giowers 
objected  to  make  returns  who  have  this  year  furnished 
them."  It  is  also  shown  that  "there  is  a  fuither 
increase  of  2745  acres  in  the  area  of  orchards  in 
Great  Britain,  it  being  now  200,284  acres.  Market 
gardens  likewise  show  an  inciease,  ramely,  from 
59.473  acres  in  18S5  to  60,850  acres  in  the  piesent 
year.  Several  collectors  report  under  both  these 
heads  a  continually  growing  demand  for  fruit  and  fresh 
vegetables  for  towns  situate  even  at  considerable 
distances  from  the  district  where  these  aie  £.iown, 
and  that  farmers  are  therefore  induced  to  appropiiate 
some  land  to  this  produce." 

"The  importations  of  raw  Apples  ar.d  other 
raw  fiuit  decreased  in  1SS5,  as  compared  with 
those  of  the  preceding  year,  but  in  the  first  eight 
months  of  1SS6  augmented  imports  in  these  desciip- 
tions  of  fruit  taken  together  appear  in  the  Customs' 
Returns,  so  that  there  is  appaienlly  scope  for  yet 
more  extended  production  in  this  direction.     In  land 


used  by  nurserymen  for  the  growth  of  trees,  shrubs, 
&c.,  about  the  same  area  is  occupied  as  last  year." 

Turning  now  to  Ireland  we  observe  it  stated  that 
"  as  regards  corn  crops  there  appears  to  be  a  decrease 
of  2400  acres  or  3.4  per  cent,  in  the  average  under 
W^heat  which  was  sown  only  on  68,400  acres  against 
7o,8co  in  1SS5  ;  Barley  shows  an  advance  from 
179,700  acres  to  180,700  acres,  but  Oats,  the  most 
important  corn  crop,  were  less  by  4S00  acres,  the 
area  being  now  1,323,200  acres  against  1,328,000 
acres  in  the  preceeding  year.  Rye  increased  by 
2200  acre?,  while  Beans  and  Po'as  occupied  practi- 
cally the  same  area,  showing  a  total  diminution  of 
3400  acres  under  cereal  crops.  The  area  under 
Potatos,  which  covered  797,000  acres  in  1S85,  was 
incieased  by  2700  acres  in  18S6.  Turnips  were  more 
by  2300  acres,  occupying  299,273  acres  against 
296  900  acres  in  the  previous  year.  Mangel  and 
Beetroot  increased  by  200  acres.  The  land  under 
Cabbages  and  Rape  was  less  by  nearly  2000  acres, 
and  that  under  Vetches,  Lucerne,  and  other  green 
crops  by  about  1 100  acre=,  showing  however,  alto- 
gether, a  net  increase  of  2300  acres  under  green 
crjp;.  Flax  was  grown  on  nearly  128,000  acres,  or 
an  increase  of  nearly  20,000  acres  over  the  acreage  of 
1S85.  The  land  relumed  under  bare  fallow  was  less 
by  2000  acres. 

We  take  the  following  statistics  from  tables  show- 
ing the  distribution  of  the  crops,  &c ,  in  Great 
Biitain  (excluding  Ireland)  :  — 

AcKR.vcE  OF  Orchards,  Markrt  Gardeks,  and 


MESSRS.    C.     LEE    &     SONS' 
NURSERIES,   FELTHAM. 

This  is  one  of  the  branch  nurseries  of  what  was  tha 
old  firm  of  John  Lee  &  Co. ,  devoted  exclusively  to  the 
cultivation  of  a  fine  colhction  of  Conifers  and  shrubs. 

Historical  importance  also  attaches  to  the  place,  the 
nursery  being  skirted  on  one  side  by  some  old  Scotch 
Firs— a  remnant  of  old  Hounslow  Heath. 

A  walk  up  the  avenue  to  the  nursery  brings  one  at 
once  into  view  of  many  exotic  species  of  trees.  To 
cite  only  a  few  examples  out  of  fhe  many — California 
contributes  Abies  amabilis,  true  —  this  beautiful 
conifer  isthe  rarest  and  decidedlyone  of  the  handsomest 
of  the  Silver  Firs.  A  note  of  interest  in  connection 
with  this  plant  is  well  worthy  of  being  placed  on  record 
here.  Mr.  Isaac  Dixon,  who  has  spent  the  best  part  of  a 
lifetime  at  this  nursery  as  manager,  believes  that  it 
forms  part  of  the  original  stock  of  this  tree,  sent  home 
by  Douglas  when  travelling  lor  the  Hi)rticultural 
Society,  about  the  year  1S31.  From  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains came  that  lovely  glaucous  variety,  Picea  pun- 
gens.  Japan,  that  land  of  gardeners  and  fine 
shrubs,  sends  those  magnificent  things — Thuiopsis 
borealis,  Thuia  falcata,  T.  Standishii,  Cryptomeria 
elegans,  C.  Lobbii,  Taxus  adpressa,  T.  cuspidata, 
fine  Retinosporas  in  variety,  and  a  plant  that  the  Japan- 
ese have  used  from  time  immemorial  in  planting  round 
their  temples— the  Umbrella  Pine,  Sciadopitys  ver- 
ticillata.     From  the  mountains  of  Chili  comes  that 

'  Gkounds.  as  returned  on  June  4  in  1885  and  1886,  and  of 


1SE6. 


Engla  (1            195.' 7> 

•ScolUnd           I        1,872 

IsleofMan 64 

Guernsey,  S;i: |           433 

Grc.it  BriL.in '•     200,284 


55,630 
4.502 


19.678 
I,6S4 


36 

50 

2,614 


/  tained. 
2,^58,300 


Number  of  Garden  AHotments  {excepting  Raihvay  AllotiitentsS 
0/  and  exceeding  one-eighth  of  an  Acre  in  extent,  attached 
tJ  Cottages  Jteld  by  Labourers  and  IVorking  Men  in  June, 
1886,  and  average  Rent  {Jnclnding  Cottage), 


Total 
Number, 


272.567 


Helil  on  Rental. 


The  number  of  garden  allotments  of  and  exceeding 
one-eighih  of  an  acre  in  extent  attached  to  cottages 
granted  by  railway  companies  to  servants  in  their 
employment  in  June,  lSS6,  was  returned  thus  ; — 
Total  for  Great  Britain,  6142,  including  those  re- 
turned as  rent-free,  the  number  returned  as  rent-free 
being  710. 

Statement  showing  Quantities  mid  I'alues  of  Imperii  into  the 
United  Kingdom  of  the  Undenneutioned  Articles  in  1885. 


Auiclc. 

Quanlity. 

\aluc. 

F,uiTs(ra«):- 

Apples         

Oranges  and  Lemons 
Not  otherwise  described  . 

2,387,683  bushels 
4.356.739 
2,82^,401       ,. 

I    717,03. 
1,481,0  0 
1,42'. 717 

Total 

9,566.825  bu.shels 

^£3,619,783 

Nuts  (edible)  :- 

Almonds       

Principally  used  as  fruit  . 

81,326  cwt 

.i-'54,6.5 

4l7.=95 

Total 

.£701,9  0 

Potatos        

Onions          

Unenume.ated       .. 

Total 

2,299,931  cwt. 
3,537,616  bushels 

492.323 

467,287 

;£l,637,,3. 

Grand  total 

.£6.009,119 

The  Weather  in  the  South.— A  corre- 
spondent writing  from  Antibes.  says  the  weather  there 
has  been  frightful.  *' The  deluge  has  recommenced.'' 
Let  us  hope  it  will  soon  cease. 


etTiCtive  lawn  tree,  Araucaria  imbricata ;  Prumno- 
pitys  elegans,  an  erect  growing  green  shrub,  also  comes 
from  the  same  land. 

The  Silver  Firs  are  an  unusually  fine  lot  of  stock. 
We  noticed  handsome  specimens  of  Nordmanniana, 
grandis  (this  needs  no  words  to  recommend  it), 
nobilis,  conspicuous  for  its  whitish-green  leaves  ; 
magnifica,  some  superb  examples ;  and  Pinsapo, 
of  neat  and  erect  growth. 

Golden  Vews  fjrm  a  very  conspicuous  feature  in  the 
avenue  ;  they  are  of  all  sizes,  and  are  trained  in 
various  shapes — some  as  pyramids,  others  as  flat  as 
tables,  many  vase-shaped,  and  a  lot  of  fine  standards, 
the  principal  varieties  being  Taxus  baccata  (common), 
T.  adpressa,  T.  a.  stricta,  T.  aurea,  T.  Dovastoni, 
T.  dumosa,  T.  fructu-luteo,  T.  Washingloni,  T. 
jiponica,  T.  fastigiala,  T.  f.  aurea  (Standish),  T. 
elegantissima. 

Golden,  silver,  and  green  Hollies,  from  lo  to  20 
feet  high,  are  especially  fine,  of  such  sorts  as  Golden 
Queen,  I.  Hodginsii,  I.  heterophylla,  I.  latifolia,  I. 
pendula  aurea  (Walerer's),  I.  Fisherii,  I.  chrysocarpa 
(yellow  berried),  I.  balearica,  and  others. 

Cupieisus  Lawsoniana  aureo  variegata,  a  variety 
which  originated  here,  was  in  fine  form,  a  stock  of  it 
is  being  worked  up  ;  C.  L.  lutea,  another  good  intro- 
duction, was  also  very  bright  and  attractive. 

Ketinospora  squarrosa. — This  is  probably  the  finest 
specimen  to  be  met  with  in  the  country  ;  it  is  one  of 
the  many  striking  objects  in  the  avenue. 

There  are  many  other  fine  subjects  in  this  avenue 
that  deservedly  demand  notice,  but  it  is  quite  suffi- 
cient just  now  to  say  that  every  tree  or  shiub  worth 
growing,  and  proved  hardy,  is  represented  in  it.  .\t  the 
end  of  the  avenue  is  a  finely  proportioned  specimen  of 
Sequoia  gigantea,  some  30  feet  in  height. 

In  reference  to  subjects  grown  in  quantity  in  what 
are  called  "breaks"  may  be  specially  noted  Cu- 
pressus  Liwsoniana  erecla  viridis,  an  enormous  and 
wonderfully  even  grown  stock — in  fact,  enough  of  it 
cannot  be  grown,  so  great  is  the  demand. 

Of  Aucubas  and  Hollies  there  are  great  numbers 
grown.  Thuiopsis  borealis  is  also  another  good  town 
shrub  that  is  being  grown  in  large  numbers. 

Taxus  baccata  fastigiata  aurea  (Standish),  unlike 
other  golden  Yews  with  striped  leaves,  has  entirely 
golden  foliage— in  fact,  it  may  be  said  to  be  bathed 
in  gold.     It  does  not  burn  like  some  of  the    Vews 


684 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(November  27,  1886. 


indeed,  it  receives  an  increased  brilliancy  when  fully 
exposed. 

A  very  thrifty  lot  of  young  Araucaria  imbricata 
from  English  grown  seed  was  very  noticeable.  It  is 
important  to  know  that  English  seed  comes  up  so 
well,  as  hitherto  it  has  been  the  custom  to  rely  on 
other  sources  for  our  supply  of  this  tree. 

Rhododendrons  are  largely  grown.  Touching 
named  sorts,  the  practice  here  is  to  layer  the  plants, 
this  mode  of  procedure  ensuring  more  "  stocky  "  and 
bushy  plants  than  when  they  are  grafted.  Newer 
sorts  are  of  necessity  grafted,  to  get  up  a  stock 
quickly. 

Regarding  flowering  shrubs,  both  for  outdoors  and 
forcing,  Mr.  Dixon  considers  the  best  three  to  be 
Viburnum  plicatum,  Staphylea  colchica,  and  Phila- 
delphus  aurea  var.,  the  Mock  Orange.  Of  this  plant 
there  is  a  very  6ne  specimen  in  the  avenue,  which 
when  in  bloom  was  quite  a  floral  picture. 

The  6rm  has  long  made  hardy  Heaths  a  great 
specialty — that  old  but  still  valuable  variety.  Erica 
codonodes,  being  grown  in  quantity.  For  winter 
bedding  it  is  probably  unsurpassed,  its  numerous 
white  rose-tinted  flowers  producing  a  pretty  effect. 
Azalea  altaclarensis,  a  sterling  and  free-flowering  sort, 
deserves  passing  notice,  as  one  of  the  best  forcers, 
equalling  A.  mollis,  of  which  we  observed  great 
quantities.  A  remarkable  stock  of  Golden  and  Silver 
Ivies  is  grown — worked  on  the  common  Ivy — a  great 
many  of  these  plants  were  used  with  much  effect 
at  the  **  Inventions  "  Exhibition  last  year,  and  are 
none  the  worse  for  the  "  dusting,"  thus  showing  their 
adaptability  to  town-work. 

A  good  dense  hedge  plant  is  Ligustrum  ovalifolium, 
with  leaves  somewhat  larger  than  those  of  the  common 
Privet.  One  of  the  best  of  dwarf  Box  plants  is  L. 
coriaceum,  with  beautitul  broad,  dark,  glossy  leaves. 
Much  more  might  well  be  said  of  this  6ne  hardy  plant 
nursery,  from  the  "  wee  modest  "  innumerable  ex- 
amples 6  inches  in  the  "  breaks,"  to  the  magnificent 
and  imposing  specimens  30  feet  in  height  in  the  avenue. 
Enough,  however,  has  been  written  to  show  that 
this  nursery  contains  subjects  of  no  mean  order  and 
interest  to  planters  at  this  season.  The  firm  has 
lately  secured  another  piece  of  land  at  Hounslow, 
which  is  stocked  with  Roses,  fruit  and  forest  trees, 
Rhoeodendrons,  &c.,  containing  some  noteworthy 
features,  to  which  we  hope  to  referin  a  future  issue.  B. 


MINA     LOBATA. 

This  is  a  Mexican  [annual  climbing  plant,  figured 
in  Khe  Botanical  Register,  1842,  t.  24,  but  lost  sight 
of  since.  By  modern  botanists  it  is  included  under 
Ipomoea,  but  the  form  of  the  flower  is  so  very 
different  from  most  of  the  Ipomoeas,  that  we  think 
it  more  convenient  to  preserve  the  garden  name. 
Messrs.  Haage  &  Schmidt  of  Erfurt  have  the  [credit 
of  re-introducing  it.  These  gentlemen  speak  of  the 
plant  as  really  magnificent,  and  express  surprise  that 
so  remarkable  a  climber  should  have  been  suffered  to 
go  out  of  cultivation. 

The  genus  Mina  (named  after  Don  Francisco 
Xavier  Mina,  a  Mexican  Minister)  is  closely  allied  to 
Ipomoea,  and  resembles  in  growth  and  its  three-lobed 
foliage  the  species  of  this  genus,  but  the  flowers 
are  totally  different  as  concerns  their  form  and 
their  lovely  colours.  The  flowers  appear  on  fork- 
like racemes  projecting  from  the  dense  and  luxuriant 
foliage,  and  present  thus,  with  their  bright  colours,  a 
striking  aspect.  The  flower-buds  are  bright  red,  but 
the  colour  changes  through  orange-yellow  to  yel- 
lowish-white when  in  full  bloom.  Another  interest- 
ing and  most  singular  feature  of  this  plant  is,  that  it 
retains  the  first  racemes  developed  during  the  whole 
flowering  season,  the  buds  growing  successively  at 
the  tops  of  the  racemes,  while  the  lower  flowers,  after 
blooming  for  a  considerable  time,  fade  ;  so  that  the 
plant  thus  bears  continually  clusters  of  flowers  from 
the  bottom  up  to  the  top  of  the  plant.  The 
oldest  racemes  attained  a  length  of  15  to  18  inches  at 
the  end  of  September,  and  had  produced  thirty  to  forty 
individual  flowers  on  each  fork-like  raceme,  of  which 
there  are  six  to  ten  in  full  bloom  or  in  coloured  buds  at 
one  time.  The  tube-like  flowers  are  almost  horizontal 
on  the  erect  peduncles,  and  measure  when  fully  deve- 
loped three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  length,  while  the 
uppermost  coloured  bud  is  only  one-eighth  of  an  inch 
long.  This  plant  proved  to  be  a  very  rapid-growing 
climber  under  cultivation  ;  the  seeds  were  sown  in 
March,  and  the  seedlings  were  cultivated  in  pots  until 
the  middle  of  May,  when  they  were  planted  out  in 


the  open  ground,  and  at  the  beginning  of  August 
had  formed  pyramids  of  over  18  feet  in  height,  well 
furnished  with  green  luxuriant  foliage,  and  profusely 
covered  with  flowers,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  annexed 
illustrations  (figs.  132,  133),  which  shows  a  part  of  one 
pyramid,  reduced  from  a  photograph.  It  thrives  well 
on  sunny  situations,  and  is  well  suited  for  covering 
arbours,  trellies,  &c.,  on  account  of  its  rapid  growth 
and  great  dimensions. 


"J^ORESTFJY 


WHAT  19  THE  PROPER  SEASON   TO   PLANT? 

This  is  a  question  which  arises  very  often,  and 

upon  which  there  exists  a  very  considerable  diversity 


of  opinion ;  it  is  therefore  worth  a  little  further 
inquiry.  In  the  very  excellent  and  instructive  article 
in  your  issue  of  the  4th  Mr.  Webster  adverts  to  the 
subject,  and  the  teaching  of  his  article  seems  to  me  to 
imply,  that  in  every  case  autumn,  or  "  fall  planting," 
as  it  is  called,  is  preferable  to  spring  planting,  and  the 
reasons  he  assigns  for  this  are  thoroughly  pertinent, 
and  so  far  scientifically  sound.  While,  therefore, 
conceding  this,  and  further  admitting  that  in  many 
cases  he  is  correct,  I  by  no  means  admit  that  in  all 
cases  planting  done  in  autumn  is  better  than  if  done 
in  spring. 

It  would  be  absolutely  impossible  to  lay  down  any 
hard-and-fast  rule  on  this  subject,  because  there  are  so 
many  circumstances  which  may  alter  the  conditions 
necessary  for  successful  planting.  Planting  may  be 
done  (according  to  an  old  accepted  rule)  in  every 
month  in  the  year  in  which  the  letter  R  appears,  if 
executed  with  care,  and  under  favourable  conditions  ; 
even  this  rule  may  be  so  far  stretched  that  in  a  late 
season  the  early  part  of  the  month  of  May  can  with 


absolutesuccessbedevoted toplantingoperations.  This, 
therefore  leaves  nine  months  which  may  be  devoted  to 
planting,  ofone  description  or  another.  It  is  therefore 
obvious,  that  any  arbitrary  rule  must  necessarily  be  use- 
less. 

There  are  many  conditions  which  must  be  taken 
into  account  in  settling  when  to  plant ;  permit 
me  to  mention  a  few — soil,  exposure,  description  of 
plants  to  be  used,  size  or  age  of  plants  used,  the 
state  of  the  weather,  the  dryness  or  dampness  of  the 
ground  to  be  planted,  &c.  If  the  soil  is  dry  and  the 
plants  used  not  more  than  from  18  inches  to  2  feet 
high,  I  would  recommend  planting  from  Octooer  to 
December,  provided  Ihe  locality  is  not  over-exposed  ; 
if,  on  the  other  hand,  the  ground  to  be  planted  is 
very  much  exposed,  I  should  say  that  from  February 
to  April  is  the  better  season. 

Should  the  plants  selected  be  large  coniferous 
plants,  say  from  2  to  3  feet  high,  I  always  recommend 
spring  in  preference  to  autumn  planting,  and  my  own 
experience  is  borne  out  by  many  competent  authorities, 
such  as  Sang,  Nicol,  Brown,  and  others. 

I  have  always  found  that  hardwoods,  such  as  Oak, 
Ash,  Beech,  and  in  fact  all  deciduous  trees,  are,  as  a 
rule,  better  planted  in  autumn  ;  and  again,  all  ever- 
greens do  better  planted  in  spring.  Again,  this  must 
be  further  qualified  by  the  nature  of  the  soil,  both  as 
to  quality  and  comparative  wetness  or  dryness.  If  dry, 
plant  if  possible  all  deciduous  plants  or  small  ever- 
greens in  autumn ;  if  wet  retentive  soil,  plant  in 
spring. 

There  is  also  another  circumstance,  although  not  of 
a  scientific  nature,  which  must  weigh  with  every  one 
in  settling  this  question,  viz.,  the  convenience  at 
command  to  get  the  work  done  at  a  certain  season, 
besides  the  possibility  of  unfavourable  weather.  These 
have  all  their  effect  in  fixing  the  proper,  or  rather, 
under  this  head,  the  most  convenient  season  for 
planting  operations.  My  experience,  therefore,  is, 
plant  deciduous  plants  in  autumn,  so  as  to  give  them 
time  to  establish  their  roots,  and  enable  them  to 
throw  leaves  in  spring ;  plant  evergreens  in  spring,  so 
that  the  early  approach  of  growth  will  prevent  an 
undue  check  to  the  maintenance  of  their  leaves, 
besides  any  prolonged  interference  with  the  permanent 
root-action  which  I  believe  must  be  going  on  with 
them,  as  opposed  to  deciduous  plants.  Under 
these  circumstances,  I  think  it  will  be  easily  under- 
stood, as  I  have  said  at  the  outset,  that  it  is  out 
of  the  question  to  prescribe  any  infallible  rule  on  this 
subject. 

I  am  much  pleased  that  my  friend  Mr.  Webster 
has  adverted  to  this  subject,  and  trust  that  he  will 
receive  in  kindness  this  expression  of  my  opinion  on 
what  is  generally  a  very  excellent  contribution  to  our 
practical  knowledge  of  forestry.  C.  S.  F, 


Notes  from  the  late  Colonial  Exhibition. 

{Continued  from  p.  632.) 

'  Birchwood,  particularly  that  of  Betula  alba,  or 
the  white  Birch,  is  much  used  in  this  country  for  slate 
frames,  bobbins,  and  spools,  light  furniture,  and 
occasionally  for  toys.  The  wood  is  light,  easily 
worked,  and  takes  a  very  fine  polish.  It  lasts  well 
under  water,  for  which  reason  sluices  and  floodgates 
are  made  from  it,  as  well  as  ship  bottoms,  and  piles 
from  the  older  and  harder  trees.  Betula  lenta,  the 
black  or  Cherry  Birch,  of  which  some  notes  appeared 
recently  in  your  columns  regarding  timber  produced 
in  this  country,  is  a  valuable  tree,  the  wood  being 
hard,  of  a  beautiful  reddish  tinge,  almost  like 
Mahogany,  and  extensively  sought  after  for  cabinet- 
making  and  indoor  purposes  generally.  It  is  per- 
fectly well  adapted  for  culture  in  Britain,  and  being 
a  handsome  average-sized  tree,  and  valuable  as  a 
timber  producer,  should,  we  think,  be  freely  inter- 
mixed amongst  our  commonly  planted  hard  woods. 

Maples, 
Other  valuable  woods,  of  which  fine  specimens  were 
exhibited,  were  the  various  species  of  Maple  (Acer), 
red  Alder  (Alnus  rubra),  Poplar,  Arbutus  Menziesii, 
of  which  a  very  peculiar  growth  was  prominently  exhi. 
bited  ;  Quercus  Garryana,  prettily  veined  ;  American 
Lime,  Elm,  Ash,  and  various  others.  Two  examples 
of  Pine  wood,  a  description  of  which  was  some- 
how omitted  at  the  proper  place — Picea  sitchensis, 
and  Pinus  ponderosa— were,  I  find  from  my  note- 
book, particularly  attractive,  that  of  the  latter 
tree  having  a  pretty  yellowish  tinge,  and  labelled  as 
hard,  heavy,  and  durable.  It  is  rendered  of  interest 
as  being  a  tree  that  is  not  uncommon  in  this  country. 


November  27,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


685 


The  wood  of  Picea  sitchensis,  from  the  example 
shown,  is  of  a  light  clear  colour,  even  and  straight  in 
the  grain,  and  moderately  hard.  It  is  said  to  be 
valuable  and  much  in  request  for  various  uses. 

Woods  of  New  Brunswick. 
With  the  arrangement  of  the  New  Brunswick  wood 
trophy  we  were  delighted  beyond  measure,  for  a 
simple  glance  at  any  particular  wood  had  such  con- 
nections as  to  remind  one  that  they  were  actually 
standing  beside  a  newly  hewn  down  and  quickly 
converted  specimen  of  the  tree.  This  trophy  contained 
specimens  of  the  woods  commonly  in  use,  these  being 
arranged  in  panels,  in  three  sections — first,  Conifers ; 
second  and  third  hard  woods,  these  latter  being  divided 


panel,  while  at  each  corner  of  the  frames  were  trans- 
verse sections  showing  the  end  grain  and  annual 
layers  of  woody  matter. 

As  the  whole  design  was  unusually  elaborate  and 
artistically  finished  ofl,  and  every  specimen  accurately 
and  legibly  named,  the  collection  was  of  great  value  to 
the  practical  woodman,  for  not  only  were  the  various 
timbers  shown  in  every  position,  but  the  bark,  fruit, 
and  flowers  were  not,  as  is  too  often  the  case  in  such 
exhibits,  made  of  secondary  importance.  Great  credit 
is  certainly  due  to  the  inventors  or  designers  of  such 
a  practical  as  well  as  pleasing  method  of  illustrating 
their  various  forest  trees  and  the  peculiarities  of  their 
timber.  A,  D.  Webster. 

{ To  be  continued.') 


laiiJJita'    floMJ^rH. 


Fig.  133.— mina  lobata  :  part  of  a  plant,  from  a  photograph  (reduced),  (see  p. 


into  two  kinds,  hard  and  soft,  and  all  together  eiii' 
bracing  about  fifteen  kinds. 

Arranged  perpendicularly  at  the  base  of  these  were 
3-feet  long  logs  of  the  same  wood,  with  the  bark  intact, 
while  sapling  trees,  likewise  of  the  same  kinds,  formed 
the  sides  of  the  panels.  Each  wood  had  a  twig  of  the 
foliage  and  flowers  to  which  it  belongs  painted  upon 
it,  and  so  nearly  did  these  approach  Nature  in  appear- 
ance that  we  were  at  first  quite  deceived,  taking  them 
(or  the  real  foliage  and  flowers.  Between  the  logs 
justdescrlbed  and  the  large  panels  wasan  inclined  frame 
containing  some  thirty  small  panels  of  the  lesser  grow- 
ing woods,  and  on  each  of  these  was,  likewise  painted 
the  foliage  or  fruit,  sometimes  both.  Each  panel  was 
artistically  framed  or  mounted  with  a  narrow  strip 
containing  the  bark  of  the  same  wood  as  formed  the 


NEW  CHRYSANTHEMUMS  AT  THE    "HOME 
FOR    FLOWERS,"   SWANLEY. 

I  WAS  greatly  struck  when  visiting  Mr.  Cannell's 
famous  florist  establishment  about  the  beginning  of 
September  with  the  vast  numbers  of  Chrysanthemums 
undergoing  their  first  trial.  Many  were,  we  under- 
stood, locally  raised  seedlings ;  but  the  greater 
number  had  been  imported  from  Japan,  America, 
France,  Belgium,  &c.  I  asked  to  be  allowed  to  see 
blooms  of  some  of  the  new  kinds  I  noted  when  fully 
developed,  and  had   a  rare  and  varied  treat  in  that 


respect  to-day.  I  would,  with  your  permission,  refer 
to  about  a  score  deserving  of  notice,  and  that  are 
new  and  entirely  distinct,  and  most  of  them  likely  to 
be  largely  grown  in  future — commencing  with — 

New  Singles  :  Lady  Churchill.— At  first  glance  the 
florets  form  two  distinct  concentric  belts ;  the  inner 
tubular  portion  is  pale  yellow,  while  the  expanded 
outer  circle  is  of  a  bronzy-purple,  both  curiously  con- 
trasting with  each  other,  and  with  the  bright  yellow 
disc  cushion  in  the  centre.  Crimson  and  Gold. — The 
large  triple  circle  of  ray  florets  are  intense  crimson, 
rising  out  of  a  high  central  golden  disc,  probably  the 
best  of  its  class  for  cutting  or  decoration.  It  is  of 
American  origin,  and  must  be  useful  for  hybridising 
purposes.  A  fine  contrast  with  America,  single 
white-blush. 

A'cOT  Japanese  Anemone:  Cincinnati. — This  is 
another  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  our  American 
cousins,  and  which  promises  to  be  an  acquisition  to  a 
class  that  seems  rapidly  to  increase.  The  outer  fringe 
florets  are  long,  flat;  drooping,  and  of  a  pleasing  rosy- 
blush  fading  to  white.  The  short  central  petals  are 
somewhat  deeper  tinged ;  the  surface,  unlike  some 
others,  being  very  even.  If  I  recollect  aright,  Messrs. 
Cannell  got  a  First-class  Certificate  for  this  at  the 
Crystal  Palace  on  the  6th  inst.  Mrs.  Holmes. — Much  of 
the  same  character,  but  I  understand  a  freer  bloomer, 
with  the  flowers  always  coming  perfect,  and  with  the 
important  difference,  that  instead  of  drooping  the  ray 
florets  stand  firmly  horizontal.  Its  stiffness  is  an 
advantage,  and  makes  the  blooms  seem  larger, 
though  they  are  considerably  smaller  than  the  pre- 
ceding.    This  has  been  raised  by  Messrs.  Cannell. 

Fiwbrialcd :  Crcesus. — A  welcome  addition  to  a 
handsome  but  limited  class.  The  colour,  orange-red, 
tipped  with  gold,  is  very  effective  and  telling.  The  size 
and  density  above  the  average,  and  has  deservedly  got 
a  First-class  Certificate.  Much  superior  to  Arbre  du 
Noel  of  old  varieties.  Scapin. — A  shade  smaller, 
purple-flesh  colour,  and  a  fine  contrast  with  the  fore- 
going. Both  are  packed  with  petals,  handsomely 
reflexed,  forming  half  globular  velvety  cushions. 

Rijlcxed:  Elsie. — It  is  time  to  have  some  valuable 
additions  to  this  class.  If  Cullingfordi  was  an  un- 
doubted acquisition,  this  will  this  year  be  as  decidedly 
so  ;  nor  does  it  displace  any  favourite,  being  entirely 
different  from  any  other.  Wherever  it  has  been  shown 
it  has  received  a  First-class  Certificate,  and  must  en- 
hance the  reputation  of  Messrs.  Cannell's  firm.  The 
colour  is  primrose  or  sulphur-white,  the  florets  large 
and  slightly  fluted,  and  produced  in  immense  numbers 
so  as  to  give  the  blooms  great  depth,  unusual  with 
reflexed  varieties.  Mons.  Ulrich  his. — This  is  one 
of  Delaux's  newest  introductions,  but  at  present  it  is 
doubtful  if  it  must  not  be  described  as  a  reflexed 
Japanese.  The  colour  is  very  effective,  deep,  rich 
crimson  with  a  tinge  of  orange,  and  having  the 
broad  flat  petals  tipped  with  gold.  It  shows  a  centre, 
but  cultivation  will  remedy  this. 

Incui-ved:  Bronze  Queen  of  England. — Sport  from 
Queen  of  England  (Her  Majesty)  with  all  the  good 
qualities  of  the  well  known  Queen  family  ;  will  evi- 
dently be  very  largely  grown  in  future.  W.  K. 
Harris. — A  new  Japanese  introduction.  Inside  of  the 
florets  crimson  streaked,  reverse  nankeen-yellow,  with 
a  bronze  shade.  When  well  grown  this  forms  per- 
fect balls  that  at  first  look  reminds  one  of  fruit  farm- 
ing 1  It  would  seem  to  have  some  Japanese  blood, 
and  the  same  applies  to  another  that  will  ultimately 
be  placed  in  the  incurved  Japanese  section,  and  that 
Messrs.  Cannell  have  significantly  named  after  the 
Chrysanthemum  hero  of  the  hour,  Mr.  E.  Molyneux. 
— The  colours  of  the  last  are  intensified  in  this,  the 
reverse  petals  golden.  L'Or  du  Japon.— Unlike  the 
two  last  named,  this  under  no  circumstances  shows 
a  centre ;  and  another  variety  will  probably  be 
much  sought  for,  as  there  is  nothing  in  the  incurved 
class  similar.  The  florets  are  broad,  deep  yellow, 
with  a  dash  or  shade  of  bronze  ;  and  if  well  grown, 
the  petals  might  not  seem  so  loose,  which  at  present 
gives  it  a  Japanese  character.  If  Pethers  sent  out  no 
other,  this  would  perpetuate  his  memory.  Frank 
Wilcox. — Of  smaller  size,  of  bright  bronzy-red,  with 
marginal  gold  shading,  splendid  shape,  and  will 
become  a  valuable  addition  if  it  can  be  grown  per- 
fectly double.  The  extremities  of  the  florets  are 
slightly  fringed  or  fimbriated.  There  are  some  other 
new  things,  but  it  is  doubtful  how  to  classify  them. 

Japanese:  Gloriosum. — As  usual  the  largest  acces- 
sions are  to  this  class,  and  the  difficulty  seems  to  be 
to  sift  out  the  best,  as,  primA  facie,  it  is  undesirable 
to  certificate  any  inferior  and   similar   to  an   older 


686 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


LNOVEMBER   27,    1886. 


introduction.  Of  Glotiosum  Ihere  can  be  no  such 
doubt,  and  I  miy  deservedly  name  it  first,  as  it  merits 
all  the  encomiums  bestowed  on  it,  as  well  as  the 
certificates,  The  colour  is  bright  lemon-yellow, 
florets  unusually  long,  tubular,  and  slightly  twisted- 
upright  and  very  distinct.  Alfred  Chantrier.  — I 
place  this  next,  as  in  character  very  similar,  long, 
tubular,  upright  florets  of  the  Leon  Brunei  style  — 
very  showy.  Colour  faint  rose-lilac,  shading  towards 
the  tips  to  buff— one  of  Delaux's.  t-ioi  desjaponaises, 
—First-class  Certificate.  Broad  drooping  florets  of  a 
reddish-crimson  colour,  tipped  gold,  somewhat  resem- 
bling Delaux's  Etoile  du  Midi,  but  said  to  be  different 
in  many  respects.  Mrs.  H.  Cannell.— The  whites  of 
the  Lady  Selborne  type  in  this  receives  a  welcome 
addition,  especially  as  it  will  commence  blooming 
when  that  fine  sport  from  James  Sailer  is  declining- 
The  florets  are  broader  and  somewhat  inclined  to 
incurve,  and  with  good  treatment  may  be  expected  to 
increase  its  petals.  First-cliss  Certificate.  Don 
<juicholte.— In  this  Reydellet,  the  raiser,  seems  to 
have  scored  to  win.  The  colour,  not  easily  described, 
is  new  and  very  pleasing — a  bright  lilac  suffused 
with  roEe  magenta,  fading  lighter  to  the  points,  which 
are  prettily  recurved.  I  know  of  no  softer  or  more 
tender  winning  shade  of  tinting.  Minnie  Miller. — 
I\Ose  magenta,  free  growing  and  fine,  with  incurving 
florets.  It  remains,  however,  to  be  seen  whether 
this  will,  or  can  be  grown  perfectly  double  ;  it 
takes  always  two  or  three  years  to  decide 
Ibis.  Ilenonah. — One  of  the  new  American  Japanese, 
seemingly  distinct  in  shape  as  well  as  colour  from 
former  introductions.  The  body  colour  is  white,  the 
outside  of  the  semi-globe  — for  this  is  the  shape — is 
pinkish  and  t-nted  with  lavender-cream. 

Although  this  pretty  considerable  list  so  early  in 
the  Chrysanthemum  season  may  exhaust  your  space 
it  doe5  not  exhaust  those  for  which  Messrs.  Cannell 
have  already  received  certificates,  as  I  find  I  should 
hive  included  two  such  fine  things  as  Elsie  Durdan 
an  1  Jane — the  latter  a  very  effective  white-rosy  single. 
W.  J.  Murphy,  Ctonmcl. 


reddish  tips;  ligules  12—15,  inclined  to  reflex,  half 
an  inch  long,  narrow,  white  or  pale  bluish  ;  disc 
flowers  yellow,  prominent  ;  achenes  hairy  ;  pappus 
reddish  with  a  few  shorter  outer  hairs.  (Aster  scabri- 
dus,  Hook.  fil.  and  Thom,  ;  A.  Benthami,  Steetz  ;  A. 
asperrimus,  Wall;  Gilatella  aspertimi,  Nees  ;  Diplo- 
pappus  laxus,  Benth. )— Widely  distributed  in  Central 
and  Western  Himalayas,  Sikkim,  5000—7000  feet, 
Khasia  Mountains,  3000—6000  feet,  extending  also  to 
China  and  Japan.  It  seems  to  be  very  variable,  both 
in  habit  and  leaves,  the  name  unfortunately  being  far 
too  rear  A.  trinervis,  Desf.,  to  be  safe  in  gardens.  A 
fairly  showy  species  with  larger  flowers  than  the  older 
A.  sikkimensis.     Flowers  September  and  October. 

Aster  siickimensis,  Hook.  f.  and  Thom. 

Stems  3—4  feet  long,  much  branched  from  base, 
erect,  smooth,  obscurely  grooved,  leafy,  and  bearing 
numerous  large  loose  corymbose  heads  ;  leaves  lanceo- 
late, acute  or  acuminate,  3—7  inches  long,  \ — I  inch 
broad,  contracted  towards  base  of  petiole,  and  again 
widening  into  broad  auricles,  half  amplexicaul  ;  invo- 
lucre half  an  inch  high  and  as  broad,  not  imbricated  ; 
bracts  numerous,  linear-acute,  reddish-brown,  slightly 
pubescent,  and  all  about  one  length  ;  ligules  30—40, 
very  narrow,  \^i  inch  long,  generally  reflexed, 
purplish  ;  achenes  hispid,  four-ribbed,  half  as  long  as 
the  simple  silky-white  pappus. — Eastern  Nepal  and 
Sikkim,  6000  —  12,000  feet  elevation.  This  species 
has  been  long  cultivated  in  gardens,  though  much  less 
showy  than  trinervius,  perfectly  hardy,  and  inclrned 
to  run  by  means  of  underground  stems.  Figured, 
Bot.  Mag.y  t.  4^57.  Flowers  August  to  October.  D. 
[By  an  oversight  the  first  part  of  this  article  was 
attributed  to  Mr.  Baker  instead  of  Mr.  Dewar.   Ed  ] 


SUPPLEMENTARY    LIST    OF 
PERENNIAL   ASTERS. 

(Coticluied  /rem   f.    659.) 

Aster  tricephalus,  C.  B.  C/a; fo.-Rootstock 
creeping  ;  stems  from  I  to  2\  feet  long,  erect, 
leafy,  puberulous,  bearing  one  to  three  large 
showy  heads  ;  radical  leaves  obovate  spatulate,  on 
long  winged  petioles ;  margins  entire,  undulated, 
glabrous  or  hairy  ;  cauline  leaves  oblong,  half  amplex- 
icaul ;  involucre  half  an  inch  high  ;  bracts  numerous, 
linear,  outer  ones  longer  than  the  inner  ;  ligules  forty 
to  fifty,  narrow,  over  hnlf  an  inch  long,  purple; 
achenes  slightly  compressed,  pubescent ;  pappuslonger, 
simple,  silky-white. — Sikkim  Himalayas,  10,000— 
14,000  feet  elevation.  This  species  is  nearly  allied  to 
A.  himalaicus,  and  was  at  first  thought  to  be  a  more 
developed  form  only,  but  besides  being  taller  and 
more  robust,  the  involucral  bracts  are  narrower,  and 
the  pappus  stouter.  It  has  been  some  years  in  culti- 
vation, and  promises  to  make  a  good  garden  plant. 
Flowers  July  and  August. 

Aster  paludosus,  Ait.  (Section  Heleastruii  ) 
Stems  from  1—2  feet  long,  sometimes  branching, 
bearing  few  or  several  racemosely  or  spicately  dis- 
posed heads ;  leaves  broadly  or  narrowly  linear, 
2—4  inches  long,  and  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  broad, 
light  green  ;  involucre  about  half  an  inch  high,  nearly 
hemispherical  ;  bracts  unequal,  the  outer  very  lax, 
lanceolate,  subulate,  the  inner  ones  linear,  spatulate, 
with  herbaceous  acute  tips  ;  rays  short,  handsome, 
deep  violet.  (A.  grandiflorus,  Nutt.,  non  L. ;  Heleas- 
trum  paludosum,  DC;  Tripolium  paludosum,  Nees.) 
— Flowers  August  to  October.  Native  of  wet  Pine 
barrens  in  the  low  country  from  North  Carolina  to 
Texas,  Arkansas,  and  Missouri.  A  charming  little 
species  well  adopted  for  culture  in  the  vicinity  of 
lakes  or  ponds,  and  promising  to  be  a  good  garden 
plant. 

Aster  trinervius,  Roxb.  (Section  Orthomeris.) 

Stem  2—4  feet  long,  simple,  grooved,  hispid  or 
sometimes  almost  glabrous,  bearing  a  few  large  loose 
corymbose  heads  ;  leaves  I — 4  inches  long,  lanceolate 
acute,  the  upper  sometimes  obtuse,  coarsely  serrate, 
rough  on  both  surfaces,  and  reticulately  veined  ;  in« 
volucie  bracts  linear,  imbricated,   mostly  acute,  with 


ORCHIDS    AT    MESSRS.    HUGH 
LOW  &  CO.'S. 

The  great  attraction  at  the  Clapton  Nurseries  at 
the  present  time  is  the  large  importation  of  Angras- 
cum  sesquipedale  which  recently  arrived,  and  which 
is,  doubtless,  the  most  successful  one  of  this  plant 
ever  made,  both  as  regards  the  size  of  the  specimens 
and  their  good  condition.  It  is  a  novel  sight  to  see 
such  an  array  of  tall  leafy  plants  of  this  rare  species  ; 
and  from  the  sound  appearance  of  the  plants  it  is 
difficult  to  realise  the  fact  that  they  have  just  passed 
through  one  of  the  most  trying  journeys  an  Orchid 
importer  has  to  stand  the  risk  of.  Wrth  them,  also 
Utely  arrived,  are  many  sturdy  plants  of  the  true 
Angrsecum  Ellisii  and  A.  articulatum,  both  of  these 
being  well  furnished  with  flower-spikes  ready  to  come 
away  at  once.  These  two  plants  are  often  confused 
with  each  other  in  gardens  ;  but  as  varieties,  if  not  as 
species,  they  are  distinct  in  growth,  and  the  flowers 
of  A.  Ellisii  have  cinnamon-coloured  tints,  while  the 
long  racemes  of  A.  articulatum  are  wholly  pure  white. 
Other  rare  Angr.-ccums,  and  some  probably  new  ones, 
and  the  pretty  Aeranthus  Curnowiana  are  also  among 
this  importation  ;  and  among  those  previouly  imported 
the  pretty  A.  hyaloides  and  A.  fastuosum  are  in 
flower ;  the  latter  have  very  curious  fleshy  leaves,  and 
bunches  of  comparatively  large  snow-white  flowers. 

Cattleyas. 
The  Cattleya-houses  contain  a  'seemingly  count- 
less number  of  grand  established  specimens,  leafy, 
clean,  well-rooted  and  well-furnished  with  flower- 
stalks.  To  some  of  the  leading  kinds  separate 
long  span-roofed  houses  are  devoted.  The  varie- 
ties of  C.  MossiK,  including  some  good  masses  of 
C.  Wagneri  and  C.  Reineckiana,  occupying  one  of 
them,  the  Mendeliis  another,  the  Trianxs  a  third, 
and  so  on.  In  the  matter  of  present  flower  a  charm- 
ing and  fragrant  C.  Gaskelliana  was  the  best  of  any, 
some  three  hundred  flowers  having  been  furnished  by 
it  lately,  and  those  which  are  now  out  and  coming  on 
bid  fair  to  supply  bloom  until  the  rising  buds  in  the 
TiianK  house  open.  One  large  specimen  of  C.  Gas- 
kelliana now  in  flower  is  equal  to  the  true  autumn- 
flowering  labiata,  and  if  cut  flowers  of  it  were  sent  to 
a  competent  judge  it  would  probably  be  so  named. 
Also  in  the  Cattleya-houses  are  a  line  lot  of  Cattleya 
amethystoglossa,  nearly  a  houseful  of  C.  Eldorado 
and  C.  superba,  a  large  quantity  of  stout  specimens 
of  Lrelia  purpurata,  and  in  bloom  and  making  a  fine 
show  a  quantisy  of  Lselia  autmnalis  atrorubens,  and, 
in  bud,  the  most  regularly  flowered  large  batch  of 
L:elia  peduncularis  we  have  ever  seen.  When  its 
flowers,  which  always  remind  us  of  Ixias,  are  open, 


it  will  be  a  pretty  sight.  Cattleya  aurea,  too,  C. 
guttata,  and  various  others  are  in  bloom  in  the 
Cittleya-house,  where  also  a  unique  specimen  will  be 
found  in  C.  resplendens,  which  is  probably  a  C.  Schil- 
leriana  hybrid. 

PHAL.INOrSIS. 

The  Phalcenopsis-house  is  always  of  interest  at 
Clapton,  notwithstanding  that  most  seasons  many  of 
the  flowers  fall  victims  to  the  fogs.  This  year  the 
thousands  of  plants  of  all  the  best  species  in  it  are 
better  furnished  with  spikes  than  usual — the  whole 
are  literally  bristling  with  them  ;  better  than  all,  loo, 
they  are  much  more  backward  than  usual,  and  it  is 
believed  that  the  flowers  will  escape  damage  this 
winter.  If  so,  it  goes  without  saying  that  Messrs. 
Low's  house  of  Phalsenopsis  will  later  on  present  a 
show  of  these  plants  in  bloom  the  like  of  which  has 
never  been  seen  here.  P.  Stuartiana,  which  is  one  of 
the  prettiest  and  also  the  freest  growing  of  the  species, 
is  looking  very  fine,  and  P.  Sanderiana,  which  give 
noble  flowers  of  a  pleasing  pink  tint,  and  the  neat 
little  P.  rosea,  are  in  bloom  in  several  varieties. 

Cypeipediums. 
A  large  span-roofed  structure  is  filled  with  Cypri- 
pediums,  the  leaves  of  many  of  which  are  handsome 
enough  to  warrant  their  being  grown  as  foliage  plants  ; 
but  how  doubly  welcome  are  they  on  account  of  their 
quaint  and  pretty  flowers.  Some  of  the  best  species 
are  grown  bythe  thousand  here,  and  notably  the  stately 
C.  Lawrenceanum,  whose  handsomely  marked  plants 
send  forth  such  grand  flowers — some  now  open,  and 
some  coming  on— and  the  snowy  C.  niveum,  which 
is  everybody's  favourite.  C.  ciliolare,  C.  Lowii,  C. 
Parishi,  C.  Spiceriinum,  and  most  of  the  other  good 
sorts  are  here  in  quantity,  a  large  lot  of  C.  Ilaynald- 
ianum  being  in  bloom  as  well  as  sundry  plants  of 
C.  Crossianum,  C.  Spicerianum,  C.  Roezlii,  C. 
Harrisianum,  and  others. 

Cool  Orchids. 

These  have  received  a  very  important  addition  in 
the  large  span-roofed  structure  near  the  entrance, 
which  is  now  devoted  to  the  large  established  spe- 
cimens of  Odontoglossum  Alexandras,  of  which  the 
house  contains  a  great  quantity,  and  out  of  which 
interesting  hybrids  are  frequently  flowering.  The 
strain  there  is  of  the  best  ;  and  out  of  Messrs.  Low's 
importations  some  superb  varieties  of  the  guttatum 
and  fastuosum  class  have  flowers  which  are  scarcely 
surpassed  by  the  famed  O.  C.  Veitchianum  itself.  At 
present  some  very  good  forms  are  in  flower,  and  the 
clean,  stout,  and  actively  rooting  plants  are  sending 
up  a  liberal  supply  of  spikes  for  flowers  in  the  future. 

The  smaller  plants  and  fresh  importations  are 
continued  in  many  long,  low  spans,  one  being  entirely 
filled  with  O,  Pescatorei,  and  all  in  fine  condition. 
Among  the  good  things  in  bloom  we  noted  Masde- 
vallia  racemosa  Crossii,  Restrepia  antennifera,  R. 
elegans,  and  a  new  one  with  the  habit  of  elegans,  but 
striped  longitudinally,  not  spotted  ;  lonopsis  panicu- 
lata,  Oncidium  bicolor,  many  O.  varicosum,  and 
varieties  of  O.  prstextum  ;  some  pretty  Barkeria 
elegans,  and  other  Birkerias,  which  grow  well  here 
in  a  cool  light  house  ;  many  Oncidium  tigrinum, 
Maxillaria  venusta,  M.  nigrescens,  and  M.  lepidota  ; 
Pleione  birmanica,  P.  Wallichiana,  and  P.  maculata  ; 
a  great  many  distinct  varieties  of  Lycaste  Skinneri, 
Dandrochilum  uncatum ;  a  well  budded  batch  of 
Dendrobium  Lowiauum  ;  a  large,  well  grown,  and 
profusely  flowered  lot  of  Odontoglossum  Roezlii ;  O, 
ramosissimum  ;  Masdevallia  tovarensis,  a 'quantity  of 
Oncidum  Krameri  in  bud,  an  equally  good  supply  of 
Coelogyne  ocellata  in  full  bloom,  and  sufficient  other 
good  things  to  prove  that,  notwithstanding  the  im- 
mense number  of  plants  in  stock,  Messrs,  Hugh  Low 
&  Co.  cultivate  them  up  to  the  best  flowering 
capacity,  a  fact,  however,  which  is  proclaimed  by  the 
healthy,  clean,  and  stout  appearance  of  those  not  in 
bloom. 


BUDDLEA  CURVIFLORA  FRUITING  .—Judging  from 
specimens  grown  both  in  the  Kew  and  Cambridge 
Botanic  Gardens  last  summer,  the  fruiting  ofthisspecies 
would  seem  to  be  as  regular  and  plentilul  as  that  of  iis 
more  widely  cultivated  and  better  known  congener 
B.  globosa  is  scarce.  The  fruiting  of  the  latter  was 
recorded  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  p.  306  of 
the  present  volume.  The  inflorescence  of  the  two 
is  widely  distinct  in  general  appearance,  and  if  con- 
spicuousness,  or  general  showiness,  had  any  influence 
in  attracting  insects  to  set  the  flowers,  B.  globosa 
should  receive  the  first  share  of  attention. 


November  27,  i886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


687 


SUBJECTS  TO  PLANT  UNDER  TREES. 
There  are  few  places  where  there  are  not  spots 
bare  of  grass  under  trees.  These  might  be  made 
objects  of  interest  if  a  few  pieces  of  rock  and  old 
tree  roots  were  available,  and  set  on  a  few  barrow- 
loads  of  leaf-mould  and  loam,  to  be  planted  wiih  the 
commoner  kinds  of  Ferns,  winter  Aconites,  Snow- 
drops, and  any  other  plants  which  flower  early  and 
mature  their  growth  by  the  time  the  trees  put  forth 
their  leaves.  The  foUowinj^  everi^reen  and  flower- 
ing shrubs  are  suitable  to  plant  under  the  diip  and 
shade  of  trees  :— Evergreens  :  Aucubas,  Buxus,  Taxus, 
Ephedra,  Hypericum,  Ilex,  Ligustrum,  Prunu=, 
Ruscus.  Deciduous  :  Corylus,  IJiphne  Mezereon, 
Rubus,  Sambucus,  Hypericum,  Spiraeas,  Symphoro- 
carpus,  and  Euonymus. 

Tkotection. 
The  protection  of  tender  shrubs,  such  as  Laurus- 
tinus  and  the  tenderer  kinds  of  Conifers,  will  now 
need  attenlion.  The  best  sort  of  protection  is  that 
which  affords  only  a  partial  shade,  branches  of  Spruce 
Fir,  for  if  the  frosty  winds  be  fillered  through  the 
Spruce  branches  which  have  shed  their  needles  and 
only  have  a  good  furnishing  of  twiggy  shoots,  those 
are  preferable  to  fresh  cut  boughs,  the  plants  will  come 
through  (he  winter  much  better  than  if  they  had  been 
protected  with  mats  or  o;h(r  more  dense  materials. 
Upright  poles  driven  into  the  ground  at  distances  of 
2  feet,  and  the  branches  woven  around  in  basket 
fashion,  is  the  quickest  mode  of  protecting  tender 
plants.  Plants  on  walls,  trellises,  &c.,  may  have  a 
covering  of  the  same  description  fastened  over  them, 
but  not  so  as  to  exclude  light  from  the  shoots  ;  dry 
bracken  is  also  a  good  covering  in  such  situations  ;  I 
have  used  it  with  good  effect  on  Tea  Roses  and  others 
planted  in  beds.  A  little  shaken  over  the  Rose  shoots 
in  frosty  weather  is  a  capital  means  for  warding  ctV 
hoar  frosts,  and  in  low  moist  districts  this  good  eff-ct 
will  be  remarked  in  the  vigour  of  the  plants  after- 
wards. 

Roses. 

The  following  year,  if  not  already  done,  Roses 
should  receive  a  good  mulching  of  manure.  Where 
standard  Roses  are  grown  on  grass,  the  lutf  should  be 
removed  3!  to  4  feet  in  diameter,  and  the  soil  forked 
out  amongst  the  roots  of  the  plants.  Sufficient  new 
turfy  loam  should  be  in  readiness,  and  a  liberal 
quantity  of  Thomson's  Vine  and  plant  manure  should 
be  mixed  with  the  new  soil  as  the  filiing-in  proceeds. 
I  treated  a  whole  house  of  Roses  in  this  way  last  year, 
and  the  result  was  marvellous.  Many  of  the  flowers 
were  over  6  inches  in  diameter  in  the  month  of  March, 
and  not  a  speek  of  mildew  to  be  found  in  the  house. 

Bedding  Plants. 
Frequently  examine  all  stock  of  bedding  plants, 
and  remove  all  decaying  foliage  ;  stir  the  surface  of 
the  pots  to  keep  the  soil  sweet  ;  be  careful  with  the 
watering  of  them,  and  choose  a  dry  clear  day  for  the 
operation,  and  let  it  be  done  early,  at  the  same  time 
admitting  all  the  air  possible  to  dry  up  the  moisture 
before  night.    \V.  M.  BaiHie,  Lulon  Hco. 


pLAJMTg  AND  THEIR  f  UJLTUF^E. 


GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
To  succeed  Chrysanthemums,  a  good  supply  should 
now  be  available  of  such  things  as  Epacris,  Erica, 
Carna;ions,  Primulas,  zonal  Pelargoniums — of  doubles. 
Wonderful,  Jewel,  W.  E.  Gladstone,  F.  V.  Raspail, 
Attraction,  Rosa  Bonheur,  Clara  Pfitzer,  Sylvia, 
Rosea  superba,  candidissimum  plenum,  Nymphe, 
Mrs.  Orton,  Lovely,  Carillon,  cXc,  will  be  found 
the  best  to  open  their  blooms  and  to  suffer  the  least 
from  damp.  From  the  forcing-house  will  come 
Azaleas,  of  which  Deutsche  Perle,  punctulata,  and 
/Enone,  will  be  very  serviceable  ;  Roman  Hyacinths, 
Tuberoses,  Calla  sethiopica.  Lilies,  and  Cytisus.  The 
Cactus  Epiphyllum  in  variety  is  unsurpassed  for 
giving  a  glow  of  colour  at  this  season.  This  plant 
should  be  worked  on  Pereskia  aculeata  if  the  plants 
are  to  be  used  in  cool   conservatories,  &c.     Camel- 


lias which  have  done  flowering  should  be  put 
under  growing  conditions,  so  that  they  may  make 
an  early  growth,  and  set  their  blooming  buds  early 
in  the  season.  If  the  wood  of  the  ^Camellia  and 
other  plants  be  wdl  ripened,  and  the  plants  got 
under  cover  early  in  the  autumn,  there  should  be 
no  difficulty  in  securing  a  good  supply  of  early 
bloom.  The  time  for  the  training  of  greenhouse 
twiners  and  climbers  has  now  arrived,  and  with 
regard  to  hardwooded  plants  every  specimen  should 
be  trained  and  staked  anew  annually,  for,  no  matter 
how  good  the  stakes  may  be,  they  will  not  last  for  two 
seasons.  Be  careful  when  removing  them  to  get 
every  part  out  of  the  soil,  otherwise  they  may  cause 
damage  to  the  plants  by  the  fungus  engendered,  and 
the  new  stakes,  which  should  be  of  the  best  red  deal, 
can  be  inserted  into  the  old  holes.  Do  not  use  too 
many  stakes,  as  one  will  be  enough  to  support  three 
or  four  shoots.  Allow  plenty  of  room  in  the  ties, 
especially  where  thread  is  employed.  There  should  be 
as  much  again  room  allowed  as  the  size  of  the  shoots. 
The  largest  specimen  should  be  operated  on  first. 
This  allows  of  the  stakes  to  be  repainted  and 
used  for  the  next  size,  and  so  on  until  the  plants  of 
the  smallest  size  are  finished.  When  commencing  to 
tie  a  plant,  whether  it  be  of  a  low  bush  form,  or  of  an 
upright  or  pyramidal  shape,  it  should  be  from  the  first 
lied  in  so  as  to  keep  the  bottom  part  well  furnished 
with  fresh  young  wood  ;  for  however  vigorous  and  fresh 
the  top  of  a  plant  may  be,  if  the  lower  part  consists  c{ 
bare  sticks  and  branches  it  must  be  quite  unsightly. 
A.  Evans^  J^ythe  HiU,  Hazknure. 


7hE    'pRCHlD     j40U3E3. 


M  A  S  D  E  V  A  L  L  I  A  S. 
Plants  of  the  Chimaera  section  which  are  placed 
in  a  warmer  house  to  winter,  should  be  examined  for 
thrips,  and  red  spider.  The  latter  is  often  overlooked, 
the  dark  colouring  on  the  back  of  the  old  leaves  being 
in  some  instances  caused  by  spider.  A  safe  dip  for 
these  can  be  m.ide  by  taking  one  handful  of  tobacco 
paper,  steeping  it  for  a  short  time  in  hot  water,  then 
strain  off  the  water  and  add  soft  water,  making  about 
one  pailful.  After  the  dipping,  lay  the  plants  on  their 
sides  and  sponge  the  leaves  with  the  solution,  which 
may  be  allowed  to  dry  on  them,  many  species  of 
Orchids  taking  no  harm  therefrom. 

Temperature. 
The  /ollowing  temperatures  will  be  safe  with  fire- 
heat  :—Cocl-house,  48°  to  55°;  Caltleya-house,  58° 
to  65° ;  East  Indian-house,  63°  to  68° ;  Phal.-enopsis- 
house,  65'  to  70°.  During  mild  weather,  the  evening 
temperature  may  be  keft  a  little  above  the  lowest 
figures  given,  so  as  to  guard  against  sudden  changes 
in  the  weather  during  the  night.  With  bright  warm 
days  the  temperatures  should  rise  several  degrees 
above  the  average  degree  slated.  Take  advantage  of 
mild  weather  to  give  a  little  to  the  various  divisions, 
leaving  the  lower  ventilators  open  until  late  in  the 
evening  should  the  temperature  remain  too  high. 
C.  IVoolforJ,  Downside,  Leathcrhead, 


"pF(UIT?    -yNDEn     "^^LAgg. 


CUCUMBERS. 
The  favourable  weather  has  been  of  benefit  to  the 
plants,  consequently  they  will  be  showing  fruit  freely. 
They  should  not,  however,  be  allowed  to  develope 
more  fruit  than  is  required  for  use,  as  the  object  should 
be,  from  the  time  the  plants  were  set  out  in  Septem- 
ber, to  get  the  trellis-work  well  furnished  with  firm, 
and  short-jointed  wood  before  sunless  cold  December 
sets  in,  and  to  take  only  as  few  fruits  as  would  meet 
the  demand,  in  the  interval  before  Christmas.  They 
will  be  better  able  to  yield  satisfaction  up  till  March 
if  the  forces  of  the  plants  are  economised.  The  mid- 
winter months  are  the  most  critical  period  in  the  year 
in  which  to  maintain  a  full  supply  of  Cucumbers,  for 
which  there  is  always  plenty  of  demand.  Therefore 
remove  all  superfluous  fruit  as  soon  as  they  appear, 
leaving  only  a  sufficient  number  in  various  stages  of 
growth  to  keep  up  a  regular  supply.  The  fruits 
should  be  cut  before  they  become  too  large,  and  be 
kept  fresh  in  a  cool  room  until  wanted.  Plants  which 
bore  fruit  during  the  autumn  will  be  benefited  by 


the  loose  surface  soil  being  removed  from  the  beds, 
replacing  it  with  a  mixture  of  friable  loam  and  horse- 
droppings  (about  three  parts  of  the  former  to  one 
of  the  latter)  and  at  the  same  temperature  as  that  of 
the  bed.  Keep  a  night  temperature  of  from  65°  to 
70°,  according  as  the  weather  is  cold  or  mild,  and  5° 
higher  by  day  with  fire-heat,  running  it  up  10°  or  15° 
with  sun-heat  at  closing  time,  which  ought  to  be 
about  I  P.M.,  at  which  time,  as  well  as  in  the  morn- 
ing, the  plants  and  the  house  generally,  should  be 
damped  with  water  at  the  same  temperature  as  that  of 
the  house,  and  a  bottom  heat  of  85  °  should  be  aimed 
at.  Put  a  little  air  on  bottom  and  top  of  the  house  as 
soon  as  the  thermometer  registers  75°  on  bright  sunny 
mornings  ;  afterwards  increasing  and  decreasing  the 
quantity  given  between  then  and  closing  time,  accord- 
ing to  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  internal  temperature,  so 
as  to  induce  the  plants  to  make  a  sturdy  growth. 
Vigorous  growing  plants  having  the  bottom-heat  sup- 
plied by  hot-water  pipes,  will  require  copious  root 
waterings  of  diluted  tepid  liquid  manure  at  intervals. 
Stop  the  fires  by  8  o'clock  on  bright  mornings,  by 
which  time,  solar  heat  alone  will  suffice-  This  should 
be  done  on  bright  mornings,  even  though  the  thermo- 
meter does  not  register  the  minimum  degree  of  heat 
at  the  time,  so  as  to  prevent  waste  of  fuel  and 
over-healing.  To  obtain  the  most  heat  without  loss 
and  to  render  the  air  more  genial  to  the  Cucumber, 
coveting  the  house  at  night  with  mats  or  canvas  is  of 
great  service.  The  shoots  of  the  vine  should  be 
trained  thinly  rather  than  otherwise  over  the  trellis, 
removing  whenever  it  can  be  done,  old  shoots  to  make 
room  for  young  ones,  which  should  be  stopped  at  a 
joint  or  two  beyond  the  fruits  that  are  required  for 
use.  This  manipulation  causes  the  rapid  swelling  of 
the  fruit.  Should  aphides  attack  the  plants,  fumigate 
the  house  two  or  three  evenings  in  succession,  airing 
it  somewhat  freely  the  succeeding  days,  syringing  the 
plants  afierwards  with  tepid  water. 

Should  mildew  appear,  dust  over  the  affected  parts 
while  damp  with  the  flowers  of  sulphur,  and  after- 
wards maintain  a  warmer  and  less  humid  atmosphere. 
Plants  having  their  roots  confined  in  pots  or  boxes 
will  require  liberal  and  frequent  supplies  of  tepid 
liquid  manure  at  the  roots  ;  and  those  growing  in 
hot  beds  in  frames  will  require  having  the  linings 
freshened  up  weekly,  by  the  addition  of  fermenting 
material,  and  the  frames  should  be  covered  at  night 
with  mats  and  a  sufficient  thicki;ess  of  Fern,  to  main- 
tain therein  sufficient  warmth  to  keep  the  plants 
moving.  //.   ff.  Ward,  Longford  Castle. 


"FRUGES  CONSUMERE  NATL" 

[A     Vegetarian   Restaurant  has  been  opened   in   the    Strand 
opposite  the  Royal  Courts  of  Justice.] 

1  HAVE  always  loved  a  vegetable  dinner,  I  delight 
In  the  Crccy  soup  or  Cond6  on  the  mcfiu  of  the  night  ; 
The  Potato  needs  no  praises,  there  is  rapture  too  I  ween 
On  the  face  of  every  gourmet  at  the  mention  of  the  Bean  : 
And,  like  wise  Sir  Henry  Thompson,  I  can  feel  my  heart 

aglow 
At  the  thought  of  all  the  merits  of  the  pleasant  Haricot. 

I  am  very  fond  of  Cabbage,  and  the  tender  Spinach  begs, 
Though   it  isn't   quite  en  rd^^e,   to  be  served  up  with 

poached  eggs  ; 
Then  the  Cauliflower  is  charming,  and  the  Celery  when 

viewed 
Freih  and   crisp  from  out   the  garden,    or  artistically 

stewed. 
While  surely  on  one  esculent  we're  all  unanimous, 
Is  there  aught  that's  more  entrancing  than  thy  taste — 

Asparagus  ! 

All  must  love  the  lively  Lettuce  ;  we  have  reason  too  to 

bless 
Crncifers:  for  sending  us  the  piquant  Watercress  ; 
Upon  any  list  of  salads  let  the  true  Tomato  stand, 
With  the  Endive  and   the  Beetroot  as  supporters  o 

each  hand  ; 
There  the  Cucumber  awaits  us,  and  we  fain  would  keep 

alive 
Both  the  Tarragon  and  Chervil  and  insinuating  Chive. 

There  is  poetry  in  Mushrooms,  and  the  Lentil  too  can 

please, 
And  a  thrill  goes  through  my  midriff  at  the  thought  of 

early  Peas  ; 
I  am  grateful  to  the  Turnip  and  the  Parsnip  looking 

pale  : 
There's  the  Salsify  seductive  and  the  delicate  Seikale  ; 
But  the  bard  shrinks  back  from  one  task,  for  no  mortal 

ever  can 
Do  full  justice  to  the  comfort  that  the  Onion  is  to  man 

Then  we'll  hasten  to  the  GrlflRn,  for  a  little  way  beyond 
Are  the  Vegetarian  dining-rooms  of  Messrs.  Spiers  and 

Pond  ; 
And  the  Doctors  too  are  with  us,  men  of  note  in  London 

town, 
Risdon  Bennet,  Milner  Fothergil!,  and  also  Crichton- 

Browne  ; 
They  have  told  us  very  plainly  that  of  health  we  should 

be  winners, 
If  we  ate  less  meat,  indulging  in  more  vegetable  dinners. 
— "  Punch,"  Nm'cmber  20, 


688 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


tNoVEMtSER    2?,    1886. 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Weel<. 

SHOWS,    &c. 

WEDNESDAY,    ,  xadcaster  Chrysanthemum  Society. 


MONDAY, 
Nov.  29. 


TUESDAY, 
Nov.  30. 


THURSDAY, 
Dec.  2. 

FRIDAY, 
Dec.  3. 

SATURDAY, 
Dec.  4. 


SALES. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and  3000  Lilium 
auratum  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  1000  lots  of  Dutch  Bulbs, 
at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flowers,  at  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Camellias,  Roses,  Azaleas, 
&c. ,  at  the  City  Auction  Rooms, 
by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 

Sale  of  Plants,  Roses,  Bulbs,  &c.,  at 
Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  o(  Specimen  Plants,  from  the 
Colonial  Exhibition,  and  other 
Stock,  at  the  Pine-apple  Nur- 
sery, Edware  Road,  by  Protheroe 
&  Morris. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Roses,  and 
other  Plants,  and  5000  Lilium 
auratum,  from  Japan,  at  Stevens' 
Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 
Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  Plants,  &c., 
at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


A  LETTER  in  another  column 
Picea"  ^'^om  our  respected  correspond- 
ent, Mr.  James  Backhouse, 
raises  once  again  the  question  whether  the 
Silver  Firs  should  be  called  Piceas  and  the 
Spruces  Abies,  or  vice  vend.  The  confusion 
that  reigns  now  is  truly  lamentable.  So  far  as 
the  nurseryman  and  the  amateur  are  concerned 
there  is,  as  we  take  it,  no  particular  principle 
involved,  and  hence  they  are  quite  at  liberty  to 
employ  whichever  they  think  right,  safe  in  the 
assurance  that  whichever  convention  they  follow 
they  will  have  the  sanction  of  some  authority. 
In  the  instance  of  botanists  and  students  of 
Conifers  the  case  stands  somewhat  differently. 
They  are  not  at  liberty  to  adopt  either  con- 
vention indifferently,  or  at  least  they  must 
be  prepared  to  show  their  authority  for  what 
they  do,  and  if  they  venture  to  depart  from 
established  usage,  they  must  show  adequate 
reason  for  so  doing,  or  find  that  their  lucu- 
brations are  ignored  by  their  cotemporaries 
and  successors. 

If  we  were  writing  a  detailed  monograph  it 
would  be  incumbent  on  us  to  give  a  sketch  of 
the  whole  history,  or,  at  the  very  least,  to  give 
bibliographic  references  which  should  enable 
any  student  to  find  for  himself  the  true  state  of 
the  case.  We  are  not  here  under  that  necessity, 
and  our  readers  would  not  thank  us  for  taking 
up  their  time  with  technical  details  of  so  dry  a 
subject.  Nevertheless,  we  may  sketch  the  his- 
tory of  this  Abies  and  Picea  question  in  broad 
outline. 

As  a  general  rule  the  practice  of  botanists  is 
to  accept  the  names  imposed  by  LlNN^us 
until  good  reason  is  shown  to  do  otherwise. 
They  do  so,  not  because  LinN/EUS  was  always 
or  necessarily  right,  but  because  he  was  the 
botanist  who  in  the  last  century  acted  the 
part  of  registrar-general.  He  collected  into 
orderly  array  and  gave  definite  generic  and 
specific  names  to  what  was  then  considered  a 
vast  number  of  plants  and  animals.  By  a 
useful  convention,  then,  it  became  the  practice 
to  adopt  the  Linnean  nomenclature,  and  not 
to  interfere  with  it  lightly  or  without  reason. 
L1NN.EUS,  in  most  cases,  adopted  the  names 
given  by  his  predecessors  when  he  could  con- 
veniently do  so,  but  in  this  case  ol  .'Vbies  and 
Picea  it  is  stated  that  he  made  a  mistake  by 
confounding  the  Picea  of  Pliny  with  Abies. 
This  point  Mr.  BACKHOUSE  contests.  The  mis- 
take, if  mistake  it  were,  was  not  primarily  that 
of  LlNN/«US,  but  that  of  DODOKNS,  alias  DoDO- 


N/EUS,  whom  LlNN^us  followed,  instead  of  the 
other  botanical  authorities.  Why  LlNN-tus 
followed  DODON/EUS,  and  why  he  violated  the 
otherwise  unbroken  tradition,  would  be  an  inter- 
esting point  to  ascertain.  At  any  rate  Dodoens 
and  LiNN.-EUS  called  the  Silver  Firs  Picea,  the 
Spruces  Abies.  LiNN^us,  indeed,  and  after 
him  Parlatore,  included  both  under  one 
genus  Pinus. 

Now,  in  accordance  with  the  ordinary  con- 
vention, the  names  as  applied  by  LiNN^us 
should  be  adopted.  Classical  purists,  however, 
protested  against  this  reversal  of  the  practice  of 
antiquity  ;  and  among  botanists  DUROI,  went 
back  to  the  original  practice,  and  called  the 
Silver  Firs  Abies,  the  Spruces  Piceas.  The 
e.xample  was  followed  by  many,  and  in  1S41 
we  find  Link,  the  Berlin  Professor,  adopt- 
ing the  same  course.  From  a  botanical  point 
of  view  Link's  paper  was  very  important, 
and  of  itself  forms  substantial  authority  ; 
but  Link  expressly  tells  us  that  he  should 
not  have  reversed  the  Linnean  practice  if 
others  had  not  done  so  before  him  ;  and, 
moreover,  he  gives  his  readers  the  option  of 
adopting  either  plan  at  will  It  is  indifferent, 
he  says,  which  plan  you  follow — "  ut  par  sit 
ratio  quos  sequi  velles."  Link's  paper  was 
founded  on  the  examination  of  the  plants  culti- 
vated in  the  Berlin  Botanic  Garden,  and  his 
views  were  generally  adopted  on  the  Continent. 
Carriere's  monograph,  followed  by  most 
French-speaking  nations,  is,  in  so  far,  arranged 
on  Linkian  principles.  Unfortunately,  in  Eng- 
land, Don,  and  after  him  Loudon  and  Gordon, 
refused  to  follow  suit.  And  thus  it  has  happened 
that  while  in  Germany,  France,  and  America, 
Link's  practice  has  been  generally  (but  not 
universally)  followed,  nurserymen  in  this 
country  have  adopted  the  opposite  practice. 
Whether  there  is  any  obscure  feeling  of  antag- 
onism to  anything  foreign  in  this  we  cannot  say, 
but  it  looks  like  an  illustration  of  that  singular 
habit  of  one  nation  doing  the  exact  opposite  of 
what  is  done  by  its  neighbour.  We  keep  to 
the  left  in  driving,  a  Frenchman  as  persistently 
goes  to  the  right ;  and  so  on.  In  some  cases 
this  diversity  of  practice  is  of  no  moment  at 
all,  but  in  this  particular  instance  the  diversity 
of  practice  is  a  great  nuisance. 

Our  own  custom  in  these  columns  of  late 
years,  has  been  to  observe  the  Linkian  plan,  even 
though  this  is  against  the  usage  of  Loudon  and 
Gordon.  Our  reasons  for  so  doing  have  been 
often  stated,  but  as  Mr.  Backhouse  once  more 
raises  the  question,  we  may  again  formu- 
late them.  The  balance  of  botanical  authority 
is  decidedly  in  favour  of  the  Linkian  view.  All 
or  almost  all  modern  botanists  who  have  studied 
Conifers  adopt  Picea  as  the  name  for  the 
Spruces,  Abies  for  the  Silvers.  We  need  not 
stay  to  consider  the  practice  of  compilers,  who 
work  at  second-hand,  for  however  valuable 
their  labours  they  do  not  constitute  authority. 
It  is  quite  another  thing  with  such  men  as 
Engelmann  or  Parlatore— the  authors  of 
elaborate  monographs  drawn  up  from  per- 
sonal research,  ahke  in  the  history  of  the  order 
and  the  conformation  of  its  members.  This 
brings  us  to  the  consummate  authority  of 
Bentham,  so  lately  taken  from  us.  The 
Genera  Plantarum  of  Bentham  and  Hooker 
is  a  work  of  standard  authority — no  mere 
compilation,  but  based,  wherever  practicable, 
upon  original  investigation  of  every  item, 
historical  and  botanical.  This  book  will  doubt- 
less form  the  standard  book  for  the  nomenclature 
of  genera  for  many  years  to  come.  It  will 
rank  with  the  Genera  of  LlNN^us  or  JUssiEU, 
and  above  that  of  Endlicher.  Bentham, 
who  was  responsible  for  the  elaboration  of 
the  genera  of  Conifers,  after  full  consideration 
of  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  after 
consultation,  as  we  happen  to  know,  with  those 
botanists,  British  and  American,  best  entitled 
to  give  an  opinion,  adopted  the  Linkian  plan. 


For  our  own  parts,  then,  we  prefer  to  follow 
the  standard  as  laid  down  by  Bentham,  not 
slavishly  indeed— for  if  there  were  good  or  ade- 
quate reason  to  differ  from  his  conclusions  we 
should  exercise  our  liberty  of  doing  so— but  as  the 
Genera  Plantarum  represents  the  condensation 
and  digestion  of  all  the  available  knowledge  of 
the  day  upon  the  points  upon  which  it  treats, 
so  we  hold  ourselves  bound  to  follow  it,  until 
some  one  shows  adequate  reason  to  the  con- 
trary. 

We  dare  not  dictate — we  have  no  desire  to 
do  so— to  others — we  should  be  glad  to  see 
them  following  a  uniform  plan,  but  we  fear  such 
unity  is  unattainable  ;  but  in  the  hope  of 
getting  some  approximation  to  it  we  may 
throw  out  a  suggestion,  that  if  catalogue- 
makers  would  cease  to  concern  themselves 
about  Abies  or  Picea,  and  simply  range 
the  species  under  the  head  of  Silver  Firs  or 
Spruce  Firs  respectively,  much  of  the  difficulty 
might  be  obviated.  The  botanists  might  go 
their  ways,  and  adopt  Abies  or  Picea,  one, 
both,  or  neither,  as  it  pleased  them.  Nobilis, 
amabilis,  grandis,  are  all  Silvers  ;  excelsa, 
nigra,  Menziesii,  are  all  Spruces  ;  so  they  may 
say  Larches,  Cedars,  Pines,  Junipers,  Cypresses, 
&c.,  without  troubling  themselves  about  the 
Latin  equivalents.  Very  rarely  does  it  happen 
that  any  confusion  would  arise  in  gardens  from 
this  use  of  the  specific  name  alone. 

The  case  is  paralleled  by  that  of  "calomel" 
in  drugs.  From  time  immemorial  calomel  has 
been  known,  and  the  name  is  still  in  use,' 
but  the  ordinary  public  may  be  forgiven  for 
not  remembering  whether  chemists  call  it 
a  chloride,  a  bi-chloride,  a  sub-chloride,  or 
a  proto-chloride  of  mercury.  It  is  well  for  them 
if  they  do  not  confound  it  with  "  corrosive  sub- 
limate," another  combination  of  mercury  and 
chlorine ! 

These  are  instances — very  rare  ones — where 
a  popular  name  is  distinctly  preferable  for 
popular  usage  to  a  scientific  one.  No  confu- 
sion arises  when  Silver  Firs  and  Spruces  are 
talked  about  any  more  than  when  calomel  and 
corrosive  sublimate  are  mentioned.  Hence, 
in  this  particular  case  and  in  catalogues  for 
popular  use  it  would  seem  to  be  wise  to  adopt 
the  name  that  leads  to  least  confusion  and  to 
allow  the  botanists  to  follow  their  own  devices 
in  accordance  with  their  rules  of  nomenclature. 


Andr^    Lkrov. — A   recent  number  of  the 

Panthion  dc  I'/nJiislrie  contained  a  portrait  and  an 
appreciative  biographical  sketch  o(  the  late  Andr£ 
Leroy,  the  author  of  the  incomparable  Dictionnaire 
lie  Pomologie,  and  the  founder  of  the  celebrated 
nurseries  at  Angers.  Leroy  was  born  in  1801  on 
August  30,  the  day  allotted  in  the  Romish  Calendar 
to  the  fate  of  St.  Fiacre,  the  patron  saint  of  gardeners 
— a  happy  prognostic  truly.  Leroy  died  in  1875, 
but  the  establishment  has  been  carried  on  in  its  old 
lines  by  MM.  Baptiste  and  Henri  Desportes, 
In  the  vast  establishment  near  Angers  are  now  grown 
150  kinds  of  Plums,  475  kinds  of  Vines,  219  sorts  of 
Rhododendrons,  600  varieties  of  Apples,  and  900 
Pears.  Roses  occupy  an  area  of  5  hectares,  and 
comprise  1500  sorts. 

Plant  Diseases. — It  is  announced  that  a 

series  of  three  lectures  on  the  "  Diseases  of  Plants, 
with  special  reference  to  Agriculture  and  Forestry," 
will  be  delivered  before  the  Society  of  Arts  by 
T.  L.  W.  Thudichum,  M.D.,  on  the  following  days 
—  January  24,  31,  and  February  7,  18S7. 

Meetings  ok  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  in  1887.— The  Council,  and  the 
Scienti&c,  Fruit,  and  Floral  Committees  will  hold 
their  meetings  on  the  Tuesdays  given  below  : — 
January  11,  February  8,  March  8  and  22,  April  12 
and  26,  May  10  and  24,  June  14  and  28,  July  12  and 
26,  November  8,  December  13.  The  Fruit  and 
Floral  Committees  only  meet  on  August  9  and  23, 
September  13  and  27,  and  October  11  and  25. 

The  Berlin  Garden.— The ^3/4rte<r/;</«rj^ 

Botanischen  Gartens  has  reached  its  fourth  annual 
issue  under  the  editorship  of  Drs,  Eichler,  Garcke, 


November  27,  18S6  J 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLH. 


689 


and  Ukean.  It  is  an  8vo  volume,  containing  little  or 
no  information  as  to  the  garden  itself,  but  comprising 
several  papers  of  scientific  interest.     Dr.  Fischer  of 


paper  on  the  relation  between  insects  and  flowers  as 
observed  in  the  Botanic  Gardens.  Herr  Wenzig 
publishes  a  monograph  of  Oaks.     Herr  Schumann 


Fig.    134. — CLEROUENDRON   NUTANS  i    FLOWERS   WHITE.      (sEE  P.    69!.) 

Berne  contributes  a  monograph  of  the  Phalloideas,  not  writes  on  the  morphology  of  Byttneriaceae  ;  and  other 
60  obnoxious  in  the  pickle-bottles  of  the  museum  as  writers  discuss  various  points  of  systematic  and  mor- 
ibeyare  in  the  garden.  Dr.  LOEWfurnishesan  elaborate      phological  botany. 


LiNNEAN  Society  of  Lo.ndo.'J. — The  next 

meeting  will  be  held  on  Thursday,  December  2,  when 
the  following  papers  will  be  read  : — i,  "  On  the 
Lock  Leven  Trout,"  by  Dr.  Francis  Day  ;  2,  "  Her- 
mann's Ceylon  Herbarium  and  Linn.^us'  Flora 
Zeylanica"  by  Dr.  H.  Trimen  ;  3,  "  New  Species 
of  Brachyonychus,  from  Mergui,"  by  Mr.  Henry 
W.  Bates, 

Camellia, — Now  that  the  Chrysanthemums 

are  on  the  wane  we  are  beginning  to  look  to  another 
Chinese  product,  the  Camellia.  We  hear  occasion- 
ally people  speak  of  Cameelia,  but  the  real  name  was 
Camelli,  with  Camellus,  Camel  or  Kamel  as  aliases. 
He  was  born,  according  to  a  statement  by  Father 
Paque,  at  Biuan  in  Moravia,  in  i65i.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Order  of  Jesuits,  and  passed  a  large 
part  of  bis  life  as  a  missionary  in  the  Philippine 
Islands,  where  he  died  on  May  2,  1706.  At  Manilla 
he  established  a  free  dispensary  for  the  relief  of  the 
indigent  and  sick,  and  entered  into  communication 
with. Ray  and  Petiver.  In  the  Philippines  Camelli 
made  rich  collections  and  many  drawings.  These 
drawings  are  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Jesuit 
College  of  Louvain,  to  which  they  were  presented  by 
Count  Alfred  Li.mminghe,  who  bought  them  at 
the  sale  of  A.  L.  de  Jussieu.  The  eminent  French 
botanist  attached  much  value  to  these  drawings  of 
Camelli,  and  attached  many  notes  and  comments 
to  ibem.  The  drawings  of  Camelli  are  said  to  be 
so  beautifully  executed  as  to  resemble  engravings  rather 
han  pen-and-ink  sketches.  The  botanical  plates 
amount  to  257  in  number.  These  plates  were 
Originally  intended  to  illustrate  an  appendix  to  Ray's 
Uisloria  Plantarum,  but  which  intention  was  not 
cairied  out  for  hnaacial  reasons. 

Gynkrium    jubatum.  —  An    inquiry    was 

recently  made  about  this  plant  in  our  columns,  which 
leads  us  to  cite  what  M.  Andre  says  about  it  in  a 
recent  number  of  the  Kevue  Horticole.  The  plant 
was  collected  on  Chimborazo  by  RotZL,  and  sold 
under  the  name  of  G.  jubatum  by  M.  V.  Lemoine, 
of  Nancy.  M.  Andr£  himself  found  G.  jubatum 
wild  on  the  high  plateaux  of  Ecuador,  2S00— 
3400  metres  above  the  sea-level,  where  it  formed  loose 
tufts  with  flower-panicles  2—4  metres  high,  with 
slender  reddish-grey  panicles.  Elsewhere  it  formed 
tufts  of  lolty  stature  and  with  inflorescence  very 
different  from  that  of  Pampas-grass.  Hence  there  aie 
probably  several  varieties  of  it. 

Drugs  and  their    Source.— The  paper 

ol  Mr.  E.  M.  Holmes,  read  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Pharmaceutical  Society,  and  reported  in  the  last 
number  of  the  excellent  Journal  of  that  Society, 
increases  our  regret  that  so  little  comparatively  was 
done  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  to  avail  iiself 
of  the  opportunity  offered  by  the  late  Colonial  and 
Indian  Exhibition.  Surely  ihe  cultural  interest  of 
the  Exhibition  was  in  nowise  inferior  to  the  pharma- 
ceutical, and  yet,  with  the  exception  of  the  fortnightly 
shows,  which  were  very  good  in  their  way,  little  or 
nothing  was  done  to  show  the  vastness  of  the  interests 
bound  up  with  plant-culture  in  the  various  Colonies. 
Regrets  are  now  unavailing ;  but  when  we  read  Mr. 
Holmes'  paper,  and  the  comments  it  elicited  from 
Dr.  Watt,  Mr.  BosiSTO,  and  other  Colonial  Com- 
missioners, we  cannot  but  leel  that  a  great  opportunity 
was  only  very  partially  utilised  at  the  Horticultural 
Society. 

Granadilla    and    Tree    Tomato.  —  In 

Covent  Garden  Market  may  now  be  seen  fruits  of  the 
tree  Tomato,  Cyphomandra  betacea,  labelled  as  Gra- 
nadilla, which  is  an  error,  as  that  name  applies  to  the 
fruit  of  the  Passion-flower.  The  fruit  of  the  tree  Tomato 
is  cooked  and  made  into  a  kind  of  jelly.  It  was  highly 
recommended  by  Mr.  Morris  when  in  the  West 
Indies,  but  it  does  not  find  so  much  favour  in  India. 
We  believe  the  market  is  supplied  from  the  Azores. 

Manchester  Horticultural  Improve- 
ment Society.— At  a  meeting  of  this  Society  on 
Wednesday,  November  17,  Mr.  Bruce  Findlay, 
the  President,  being  in  the  chair,  a  paper  on  the 
Chrysanthemum  was  read  by  Mr.  Wm.  Nield.  The 
President,  Messrs.  LuNT,  Bennett,  J.  S.  Buttek- 
WORTH,  VV.  B.  Upjohn  (Secretary),  and  Williams 
took  part  in  the  brief  discussion  which  followed  the 
reading  of  the  paper.  The  syllabus  of  the  work  of 
the  Society  for  this  session  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  members,     Mr.  Booth  will  speak  about 


690 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  1S86. 


Chicago,  its  parks  and  boulevards ;  Mr.  Abraham 
Stansfield  will  offer  some  suggestions  as  to  the  best 
town  trees ;  Mr.  Fetch  will  have  something  to  say 
about  fruit  trees,  their  selection  and  culture ;  Mr. 
Birkenhead  will  give  a  few  thoughts  on  Ferns  and 
their  culture  ;  Mr.  Forrester  and  Mr.  Cashell 
will  address  the  members  on  some  of  our  common 
insects  and  garden  aquatic  plants  respectively  ;  Mr. 
E.  G.  Hughes  will  speak  about  horticultural 
manures  ;  and  at  the  final  meeting  of  the  session  Mr. 
BuTTERWORTii  and  Mr.  Hadfield  with  read  papers 
on  the  "Fertilisation  of  Plants,"  and  "Clay  Soils 
and  their  Improvement,"  respectively. 

The  Imperial  Institute. — We  glean  from 

the  Times  of  November  18  that  as  a  result  of  the 
meetings  which  have  been  held  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales'  Committee  on  the  proposed  Imperial  Insti- 
tute, of  the  Colonial  representatives,  and  of  the 
Eshibiiion  Commissioners,  though  the  Queen  will 
lay  the  foundation  stone  of  the  Imperial  Institute 
next  June,  it  will  probably  not  be  opened  for 
three  years,  as  it  will  take  at  least  that  time  to  get 
the  buildings  ready.  It  has  been  decided  that  the 
Exhibition  will  not  be  re-opened  next  year  in  any 
form.  Most  of  the  Commissioners  are  rapidly  dis- 
mantling their  Courts  and  returning  exhibits,  as  they 
could  not  be  left  in  sheds  for  three  years.  If  possible, 
the  buildings  lying  between  the  new  public  offices  in 
Whitehall  and  Great  George  Street,  Westminster, 
which  belong  to  Government,  will  be  pulled  down, 
and  the  Institute  established  there.  It  is  suggested 
that  the  Colonies  should  occupy  the  ground-floor,  and 
the  mother  country  the  fljor  above,  the  Agents- 
General  also  being  located  in  various  parts  of  the 
buildings,  which  will  have  an  area  of  400,000  squire 
feet.  In  this  case  the  City  scheme  will  be  united 
with  the  Prince's.  If  this  ground  cannot  be  obtained 
then  a  purely  exhibitional  arrangement  will  probably 
be  made  at  South  Kensington,  and  a  commercial 
museum  in  the  City.  It  is  understood  that  none  of 
the  present  Exhibition  staff  will  he  retained.  The 
estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  building  is  ;f  300,000. 

Chrysanthemums  at  Exeter.  —  A  fine 

display  of  these  plants  is  being  exhibited  at  Messrs, 
LucoMBE,  PiNCE  &  Co. 's  nursery,  AlphingtoQ 
Road.  The  plants,  500  in  number,  occupy  a  house 
to  themselves,  and  are  excellent  specimens  of  good 
culture. 

Tomatos. — A  recent  Bulletin  of  the  Agricul- 
tural College  of  Michigan  contains  a  comparative 
account  of  seventy-six  varieties  of  Tomato  grown  in 
the  College  garden.  Mr.  Bailey,  the  Professor  of 
Horticulture,  adverting  to  the  necessity  of  determining 
the  synonymy  of  these  and  other  cultivated  plants, 
says  :  — "  None  are  so  well  qualified  to  undertake  this 
work  as  many  of  our  seedsmen,  and  it  seems  strange 
that  they  should  be  the  very  ones  who  make  the  work 
necessary.  The  time  can  certainly  not  be  far  distant 
when  the  most  popular  seedsmen  will  be  those  who 
exercise  the  most  care  in  excluding  novelties  and 
unnecessary  varieties." 

Odon TOGLossuM  cRisPUM.— Messrs. Veitch 

send  us  a  flower  of  this  plant  with  five  sepals  and  five 
petals,  while  the  lip  and  column  present  no  unusual 
features.  Probably  the  abnormality  arises  from  the 
union  at  a  very  early  stage  of  two  flowers,  and  the 
consequent  obliteration  and  non-development  of  some 
of  the  parts.  The  flower  was  grown  in  the  garden 
of  D.  TOD,  Esq.,  Eastwood  Park,  Glasgow. 

Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Insti- 
tution.— At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  held  on 
the  i8[h  inst.,  Harry  J.  Veitch,  Esq.,  of  Chelsea, 
was  unanimously  elected  Treasurer  of  this  Institution, 
in  the  room  of  Edward  Tidswell,  Esq.,  who  has 
resigned  that  office  on  account  of  serious  ill-health. 
At  the  same  meeting  it  was  determined  to  make 
an  addition  of  ten  pensioners  to  the  list,  six  of  whom 
will  be  admitted  without  election  under  Rule  6,  they 
or  their  husbands  having  been  subscribers  for  fifteen 
clear  years.  An  election  will  take  place  for  four  pen- 
sioners out  of  a  body  of  seventeen  selected  and 
approved  candidates.  The  voting-papers  will  be 
issued  on  or  about  December  16. 

White  Trumpet  Daffodils.  —  We  have 

received  the  following  notification  from  a  well-known 
grower  of  the  Narcissi,  whose  noin  de  flume  is 
"Daffadowndilly"; — "Being  an   enthusiastic   lover 


of  White  Trumpet  Daffodils,  and  seeing  such  a 
quantity  of  notes  on  the  subject  lately  in  the  garden 
literature  of  London,  I  am  willing  to  offer  a  prize  of 
five  guineas  at  one  of  the  April  shows  at  South  Ken- 
sington for  the  best  stand  of  eighteen  sorts,  in  quan- 
tities of  not  less  than  three  of  a  sort — the  competi- 
tion to  be  confined  to  private  growers." 

Rates  and  Taxes.— American  nurserymen, 

it  is  alleged,  cannot  understand  why  their  British 
colleagues  should  complain  about  being  over-rated. 
Americans  are  not  quite  so  modest,  but  perhaps  they 
do  not  realise  that  taxes  follow  on  this  sort  of  appre- 
ciation on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic, 

Madagascar.  —  Captain     S.     Pasfield 

Oliver's  recently  published  work  commences  with  a 
clear  historical  sketch  of  the  principal  events  which 
have  occurred  in  Madagascar  since  the  time  when  the 
island  first  became  known  to  Europeans.  The 
geography  and  topography  of  the  Malagasy  dominion 
are  fully  treated  o(,  both  physically  and  politically; 
whilst  the  principal  routes  which  have  been  traversed 
by  explorers  and  missionaries  are  followed  and 
described  in  detail,  with  all  the  procurable  informa- 
tion of  the  localities  and  their  resources.  A  large 
general  map  of  the  island,  containing  many  hitherto 
unpublished  details,  has  been  specially  constructed  to 
illustrate  this  portion  of  the  work.  The  climate, 
pathology,  and  natural  history,  including  the  agricul- 
tural and  native  produce  of  the  country,  occupy 
several  chapters,  together  with  notices  of  the  geology 
and  mineralogy  of  those  areas  which  have  been 
examined  scientifically,  including  the  lately  discovered 
auriferous  districts.  The  most  accu-ate  information 
is  furnished  of  the  population,  the  tribal  divisions, 
and  the  inhabitants  of  various  districts.  The  charac- 
ter, language,  religion,  and  education  of  the  people 
are  also  discussed.  Other  sections  are  devoted  to  the 
government  of  Madagascar  under  the  Hova 
supremacy,  the  internal  administration,  and  the  civil, 
ecclesiastical,  and  military  systems.  The  manufac- 
tures, arts,  and  native  industries  of  the  several  pro- 
vinces are  described,  accompanied  by  authentic 
statistics  of  trade  from  official  documents.  Authori- 
tative notices  of  the  currency,  weights,  and  measures 
used  in  the  island  give  our  merchants  valuable  infor- 
mation. 

National   Horticultural   Society  of 

France.— On  Thursday  last  a  meeting  of  the  Society 
was  held  to  distribute  prizes  to  gardeners  for  long 
and  faithful  services;  to  the  authors  of  various  reports; 
to  exhibitors  at  the  Society's  shows,  and  others. 

Isle  of  Wight  Chrysanthemusi  So- 
ciety.— The  annual  show  of  this  Society,  which  was 
held  in  the  Drill  Hall,  Newport,  on  Nov.  16  and  17, 
was  a  good  exhibition,  and  appreciated  greatly  by  the 
numerous  visitors  who  attended.  In  the  nursery- 
men's classes  there  was  but  a  small  competition,  but 
the  cut  blooms  and  groups  were  very  praiseworthy. 
Messrs.  H.  Drover  &  Son,  Ventnor,  and  Messrs. 
Gould  showed  well  in  the  nurserymen's  and  open 
cut  bloom  classes.  Mr.  Gasic  and  Mr.  Pay  also  took 
prizes  in  the  leading  classes.  Messrs.  DiMMICic  & 
Sons  staged  a  good  collection  of  fine  blooms  (not 
for  competition).  Groups  were  best  shown  by  Messrs. 
W.  Morris,  G.  Ingram,  and  E.  Pay,  who  received 
prizes  in  the  above  order. 

"HeRBIER    GfiNfiRAL    ANALYTIQUE."— We 

understand  that  under  this  title  M.  Buysman,  of 
Middelburg,  Holland,  is  publishing  at  a  low  price  an 
interesting  herbarium,  showing  prominently  those 
parts  of  the  plant  which  are  important  in  determining 
its  species.  Each  species  is  represented  by  :  — 1st, 
analyses,  on  a  sheet  of  herbarium  paper,  of  the  organs 
which  are  not  destroyed  by  drying  ;  2d,  sections,  pre- 
served in  alcohol,  of  the  fleshy  and  other  organs, 
which  may  be  examined  by  a  hand  magnifier  or 
simple  microscope,  in  the  tube  in  which  they  are  sent 
out  ;  3d,  fruits  and  seeds.  (Fleshy  fruits  are  aho 
preserved  in  alcohol.)  M.  BuvSMAN  states  that 
"economic"  plants  form  the  chief  part  of  his 
herbarium,  which  is  published  in  two  divisions 
relating  to  tropical  or  non-tropical  plants  respectively  ; 
the  tropical  species  are  collected  in  their  native 
habitats,  the  others  also  in  their  native  regions  or  from 
M.  Buysman's  garden.  Subscribers  may  take,  as 
they  may  wish,  medicinal,  economic,  commercial, 
agricultural,  or  ornamental  plants,  or  Ferns,  &c. 


Publications    Received. — Holly    Leaves, 

the  Christmas  number  of  the  Illustrated  Sporting  and 
Dramatic  Nexi'S,  1SS6.  (London  :  148,  Strand,  W.C.) 
— Agricultural  Returns  of  Great  Britain,  &^c.,  1886. 
(London;  Eyre  &  Spottiswoode.) — Plant  Food. 
By  Edmund  Tonks,  B.C.L.  (Birmingham:  Cor- 
nish Brothers,  New  Street). 

Gardening    Appointments.  —  Mr.    B. 

Booker,  Foreman  at  Bicton,  Devon,  has  been  ap- 
pointed as  Head  Gardener  to  Lady  Protheroe 
Smith,  Tremowah,  Cornwall.— Mr.  Thos.  Vere, 
Gardener  to  the  late  Miss  Evans,  of  Darby  House, 
Derby,  has  been  appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  MiLFORD 
(deceased),  as  Head  Gardener  to  T.  W.  Evans,  Esq., 
M.P.,  Allestree  Hall,  Derby.— Mr.  Woodward  has 
succeeded  Mr.  C.  Haycock  as  Gardener  to  Roger 
Leigh,  Esq.,  Barham  Court,  Maidstone, 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

AlOCASIA  MARGARIT.^,  Illustration  Horiicole, 
t.  611,— AJavan  species,  with  heart-shaped  bronzy 
leaves  on  long  reddish-brown  stal'is. 

Alyssum  montanum.  Garden,  October  9. 

Angr.ecum  fuscatum,  Rchb.  f.,  Gartenjlora, 
November,  t.  1234. 

ElGNONiA  purpurea.  Garden,  October  23. 

Caltha  leptosepala,   Garden,  October  9. 

Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  Illustration  Horiicole, 
t.  613.— A  form  like  C.  Mossi.-e,  but  differing  in  the 
flowering  period  and  in  the  paler  colour  of  the  flower. 

Cypripedium  concolor,  C.Godefeoy.eniveum, 
Revue  de  F Horticulture  Belize,  November. 

Leschenaultia  Baxteri  major.  Revue  Horiicole, 
October  16. 

Pandanus  augustianus.  Illustration  Horiicole, 
t.  612. — A  species  with  long  lanceolate  serrulate  leaves, 
but  which  at  present  affords  few  points  by  which  it 
may  be  discriminated. 

Rhododendron  yedoense,  R.  ledifolium, 
Gartenjlora,  t.  1233. 


Bfltius  of  $0olis. 

Food  Grains  of  India.  By  A.  H.  Church,  M.A, 
Oxon,  F.C.S.,  F.IC.  (Published  for  the 
Committee  of  Council  on  Education,  by  Chap- 
man &  Hall.  London,  1886.) 
"The  present  handbook,"  Professor  Church  say 
in  his  preface,  "  has  been  prepared  mainly  with  the 
object  of  furnishing  to  Indian  officials  and  to  students 
of  Indian  agriculture,  a  compact  account  of  the 
alimentary  value  of  the  chief  food  grains  of  our 
Eastern  Empire."  How  well  the  task  has  been  ac- 
complished, will  be  proved  by  a  careful  study  of  the 
work.  The  mere  mention,  however,  of  Professor 
Church's  name  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  the  accu- 
racy of  the  analyses  contained  in  the  book.  We  can- 
not, therefore,  criticise  a  work  that  is  excellent  both 
in  its  arrangement  as  well  as  in  the  matter  of  which 
it  is  composed.  A  few  extracts  will,  therefore,  serve 
better  to  indicate  to  our  readers  what  the  nature  of 
the  book  is,  and  what  is  its  value,  than  any  words  of 
our  own.  We  may  perhaps  say,  however,  that  the 
title  does  not  clearly  indicate  the  scope  of  the  work, 
for  it  is  by  no  means  confined  to  a  consideration  of 
food  grains  ;  the  largest  portion  is,  indeed,  given  up 
to  cereals,  but  the  pulses  or  leguminous  seeds,  and 
others,  occupy  much  space.  In  the  first  part  Pro- 
fessor Church  treats  of  "  the  constituents  and  uses  of 
Food."  In  part  2,  "  Dietaries  and  Rations  "  are 
considered,  and  a  great  deal  of  valuable  and  interest- 
ing matter  is  here  given  upon  the  relative  value,  as 
food,  of  several  well-known  Indian  grains  and  seeds. 
This  is  a  matter,  however,  upon  which  space  will  not 
allow  us  to  dwell,  as  it  is  the  remaining  parts  of 
the  book  with  which  we  are  more  especially  con- 
cerned. 

Referring  to  the  presence  of  oil  or  fat  in  the  cereals, 
Professor  Church  says,  "  Some  of  this,  often  a  good 
proportion,  resides  in  the  coats  of  the  grains,  and  in 
the  embryos  or  'chits.'  When,  therefore.  Wheat  grain 
is  decorticated,  and  especially  when,  as  in  some 
modern  processes  of  milling,  the  embryos  are  removed, 
the  percentage  of  oil  is  much  lowered.  This  will  be 
obvious  when  we  state  that  the  embryos  contain  14^ 
per  cent,  of  oil  and  the  different  grades  of  bran  from 
2\  to  5,  the  whole  Wheat  grain  not  showing  more 
than  2  per  cent.     Maize  and  Barley  are  rich  in  oil 


November  27,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


691 


Rice  very  poor.  In  ac'ual  dietaries  this  deficiency  of 
oil  ot  fat  is  made  up  in  several  ways.  Where  fi^h  or 
flesh  meat  is  employed  a  good  deal  o(  oil  or  fat  ii  in- 
troduced therein,  but  the  very  common  use  in  India 
of  milk  or  of  some  preparation  from  it,  effects  some- 
thing in  the  same  direction  ;  expressed  fatly  oils  are 
also  extensively  employed." 

By  far  the  largest  portion  of  the  book  is  devoted  to 
the  consideration  of  the  food-yielding  plants,  under 
three  separate  and  distinct  heads,  the  grasses 
naturally  taking  the  lead,  the  genera  being  arranged 
in  their  proper  tribes  and  in  proper  sequence.  The 
plan  adopted  wiih  each  plant  is  similar  to  the  follow- 
ing which  is  quoted  as  an  example  :  — 
"R.\r,i. 
"  Ekusine  coracana,  Gartn. 

".^('ffrf.— Natchni,  Nachani,  Nagli,  Mandua,  Maruya. 

"5en;.— Marua,  Modua.  Oudlt.—MxniwK.  Punjab. 
— Mandal,  Chalodia.  Punjab  and Dtn^xl Hills.— V^oAj, 
Kodom.  Himjlaya.—Koda..  D:ccan  and  Sou/It  India. 
Ragi.  Tamil.  —  Kayvim.  Telu^u. —  Ka.v/ani.  Sodi. 
Ponassa.  5/«Aa/««.— Puta-tana,  Kurrakan.  Sanserif. 
— Rajika. 

"This  semi-erect  to  decumbent  native  grass  belongs 
to  the  tribe  Chlorides.  It  is  a  fairly  productive  rainy- 
weather  crop  for  light  soils  ;  it  may  be  grown  almost 
upon  stones  and  gravel.  It  yields  from  5  to  6  maunds 
of  grain  per  acre  upon  the  hills,  iz  to  14  maunds  in  the 
plains  if  carefuUy  cultivated  and  weeded.  It  is  the 
staple  grain  of  the  Mysore  country  ;  sometimes  it  is 
stored  in  pits  and  will  keep  good  for  years.  It  is  fre- 
quently grown  with  summer  Rice,  ripening  sooner,  and 
thus  affording  earlier  relief  in  limes  of  scarcity  ;  the 
straw  is  used  as  fodder.  Eleusine  oegyptiaca,  a  closely- 
allied  species  found  wild  on  the  roadsides  of  the  Punjab 
and  Norlh-West  Provinces,  and  indeed  tliroughout 
Upper  India,  yields  a  poor  unpalatable  grain,  which  in 
times  of  scarcity  is  occasionally  collected  and  eaten. 
This  species  is  common  in  the  warmer  parts  of  Ceylon. 
Composition  of  Raf;i. 


In  I  lb. 


it  would  form  a  most  ornamental  plant  ;  and  when 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants  resume  their  place  on 
the  exhibition  table,  this  should  form  one  of  the  most 
effective  of  them.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Eastern 
Himalaya,  Ava,  and  Chittagong.  A  full  description 
of  ihe  plant  is  given  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Clarke  in  Hook. 
Fhr.  Brit.  Iixd  ,  vol.  iv.,  p.  591  (1SS5). 


JrADE     ]\(0TICEg. 


GOOD  NEWS  FOR  ENGLISH  ROSE  GROWERS. 

There  is  a  statement  in  an  American  exchange  to 
the  effect  that  English  Roses  can  be  sent  to  America, 
and  that  in  spile  of  freight,  customs'  duties,  and 
incidental  expenses,  the  Roses  cost  the  recipient  less 
than  is  demanded  for  plants  of  the  same  description 
in  the  Slates,  while  no  American  dealer  offered  so 
choice  and  extensive  a  list  from  which  to  make  a 
selection  as  the  English  one. 

IcHTHEMic  Guano. 

Under  this  name,  a  soluble  form  of  dry  manure 
was  exhibited  at  the  Aquarium  on  the  occasion  of  the 
late  Chrysanthemum  show.  It  has  long  been  in  use 
amongst  farmers,  and  is  staled  to  be  suited  for  all 
kinds  of  vegetation.  We  can  only  repeat,  that  it 
appears  to  be  very  easily  soluble,  and  has  a  strong 
smell,  indicative  ol  the  presence  of  a  considerable 
amount  of  ammonia.  The  following  is  the  certificate 
of  analysis  : — 

"  We  have  carefully  examined  a  sample  of  Ichlhemic 
Guino.  and  had  the  result  to  lie  as  follows  ;— Phosphoric 
acid,  5.11,  (tqu.rl  to)  tribasic  phosphate  of  lime,  11.17  : 
nitrogen,  8.85,  (equal  to)  ammonia,  10.76.  (Signed) 
Cannon  b'  Nimlon.  Analytical  Lahora'orics,  l3  and 
19,  t  enchurcli  Street,  B.C.,  Juy  29,  1886." 

Award  at  the  Liverpool  Exhibition  for 
Methods  of  Ventilation. 

Messrs.  W.  Richardson  &  Co.,  Darlington,  inform 
us  that  they  have  been  awarded  a  Silver  Medal  (the 
highest  prize  in  this  department)  at  the  International 
Exhibition,  Liverpool,  for  their  patent  system  of  venti- 
lation for  horticultural  buildings,  and  the  general 
excellence  of  their  exhibits. 


"  The  nutrient  ratio  is  here  1.13,  the  nutrient  value  84. 
The  percentage  of  phosphoric  acid  in  the  whole  grains 
is  about  0.4. 

'•  Generally,  this  Millet  is  sold  at  a  cheaper  rate  than 
any  other  ;  in  some  places  in  ordinary  seasons  130  to 
140  lb.  of  it  are  procurable  for  about  2j.,  and  it  is 
looked  upon  as  a  famine  food  to  which  recourse  is  had 
only  in  times  of  drought  or  of  deficient  crops.  Ragi  is, 
however,  commonly  used  in  some  districts,  as  by  the 
poorer  and  lower  classes  of  Patna  division,  also  in 
Bh.agulpur,  Santas  Pargan.t^,  Dinajpur,  and  Gorakhpur. 
It  is  more  esteemed  than  Maize  by  the  natives  of  Patna 
and  Pehar,  but  it  is  not.  in  general,  a  popular  food, 
being  considered  difficult  ol  digestion,  productive  of 
flatulence,  and  astringent.  It  is  much  less  esteemed 
than  Jo.ir  and  Bajra.  In  Tirhut  cakes  made  of  R.agi  flour 
are  largely  eaten.  In  Darjiling  a  fermented  liquor  is 
prepared  from  the  grain." 

The  book  is  well  is  illustrated  by  excellent  figures 
of  the  plants  referred  to,  it  is  well  printed  on  good 
paper,  and  the  whole  get  up  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired. 


DiSE.iSE  OF  THE  ViNE  AT   DCsSELDORF. 

The  disease  of  the  Vine  has  not  made  any  very 
dangerous  progress  ;  the  rules  and  regulations  to 
prevent  the  importation  of  diseased  flai.ts  of  any  sort 
are  very  stringent,  and  rigidly  adhered  to.  Plants  of 
any  sort  can  only  be  imported  from  those  countries 
which  are  in  the  convention  for  preventing  the 
spread  of  the  disease,  therefore  all  importation  from 
Great  Britain  is  excluded.  I  know  a  case  in  point  : 
a  valuable  collection  of  plants  and  bulbs  from  Ireland, 
although  tested  in  Holland,  having  been  refused 
admission  into  Germany,  had  to  be  sold  in  Holland, 
although  there  was  not  a  single  Vine  plant  amongst 
the  lot.  -^— -— -= 

PRIMULA   REIDI. 

When  the  Primrose  Conference  was  first  broached 
application  was  made  to  various  botanists  in  India 
and  elsewhere  for  seeds,  &c.  Among  those  who 
kindly  responded  was  Mr.  Dulhie,  of  the  Saharunpur 
Botanic  Garden,  who  sent,  among  other  things,  seeds 
of  the  species  discovered  by  him  on  his  excursion  to 
the  mountains  of  Kumaun.  An  account  of  this  excur- 
sion was  given  in  the  annual  report  of  the  Saharunpur 
Botanic  Garden,  where  a  new  species  called  Primula 
Reidi  is  for  the  first  time  described.  This  descrip- 
tion was  transferred  to  our  own  columns  February  6, 
1SS6. 

A  short  time  since  Mr.  G.  F.  Wilson,  Weybridge, 
brought  up  to  the  Floral  Committee  a  plant  of  this 
species,  which  he  had  succeeded  in  flowering.  The 
plant,  though  small  and  undeveloped  was  evidently 
such  a  gem  that  we  immediately  sought  permission  to 
engrave  it  even  in  its  present  state,  in  order  to  let 
Primrose  growers  know  what  is  in  store  for  them. 
Miss  Wilson  was  kind  enough  to  furnish  us  with  the 
drawing,  which  tells  its  own  tale  (fig.  136).  All 
that  we  need  say  is,  that  the  flowers  ar.:  ivory-white, 
and  we  look  forward  wilh  eager  expectation  to  the 
results  of  cultivation  upon  so  lovely  a  plact. 


A   CORYLUS    GONE  WRONG. 

The  male  flowers  of  this  genus,  to  which  the  Hazel- 
nut belongs,  are  arranged  in  catkins.  Each  flower 
consists  of  two  usually  small  bracteoles  placed  laterally 
one  on  either  side  of  a  group  of  eight  stamens,  the 
whole  nestling  within  the  axil  of  short  concave  bract. 
As  a  rule,  only  this  latter  is  visible  without  the  aid  of 
needles  and  pocket  lens,  but  in  the  specimen  before 
us  the  two  usually  concealed  bracteoles  are  present 
in  a  highly  developed  form  as  spreading  more  or  liss 
toothed  leaves.  When  we  first  received  the  speci- 
mens from  M.  van  Volxem  we  experienced  a 
momentary  feeling  of  keen  expectation  that  we  might 
have  here,  on  the  same  catkin,  male  flowers  and 
female,  the  baby  appendages  having  much  of  the  look 
of  the  involucre  or  "beard"  ol  the  Filbert.  Any 
such  expectations,  however,  were  dispelled  by  the 
touch  of  the  needle  point,  by  which  means  the  real 
nature  was  speedily  made  apparent.  M.  van  Volxem 
thinks  the  overgrowth  of  these  bractlets  may  have 
been  due  to  insect  puncture.  Possibly.  We,  too, 
suspected  mites  (Phytoptus),  but  we  could  njt 
find  any.      (See  fig.  135,  p.  692.) 


CLERODENDRON    NUTANS.         GARDENING    IN    DUSSELDORF. 


At  one  of  the  recent  meetings  of  the  Floral  Com- 
mittee Mr.  Head,  the  Director  of  the  Gardens  of  the 
Crystal  Palace,  startled  the  visitors  by  the  exhibit  of 
a  handsome  stove  plant,  grown  in  a  pot,  and  trained 
to  a  single  stem,  from  the  summit  of  which  depended 
on  all  sides  elegant  racemes  of  white  flowers  delicately 
perfumed.  There  was  no  doubt  what  the  verdict  of 
the  committee  would  be,  for  every  one  was  struck 
with  its  distinctness  and  beauty,  and  hence  a  First- 
class  Certificate  was  voted  by  acclamation,  subject  to 
the  verification  of  the  name.     (See  fig.  134,  p.  689) 

This  was  soon  accomplished,  for  a  reference  to  the 
Lindley  Library  showed  that  the  plant  was  intro- 
duced in  1825,  and  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
X.  3049,  though  it  is  not  mentioned  in  Loudon's 
Encyclof-adia,  not  in  Nicholson's  Dictionary  of  Gar- 
dening. Grown  either  in  the  form  shown  by  Mr. 
Head,  or  allowed  to  run  over  the  rafters  of  a  stove, 


We  are  authorised  to  publish  the  following  extract 
from  a  ForeignOflice  report,  forwarded  to  Kew,  by  Mr. 
T.  R.  Mulvany,  on  Westphalia,  for  the  year  1SS5  :  — 

The  market  (fruit  and  flower)  gardeners,  who 
represent  a  very  considerable  industry  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood, have  suffered  much  under  the  general 
depression  of  prices,  and  by  the  increased  importation 
of  such  products  from  Holland,  Belgium,  France,  and 
Italy,  wilh  which  countries  they  find  it  difficalt  to 
compete,  even  on  their  own  ground,  partly  in  conse- 
quence of  climate,  partly  from  want  of  knowledge 
and  experience,  especially  in  the  cultivation  of  fruit 
and  flowers.  However,  during  the  last  few  years,  in 
the  latter  respect,  they  have  made  considerable  pro- 
gress ;  some  fruit  and  flower  shows  got  up  lately— 
quite  a  new  institution— were  rather  successful,  though 
it  has  been  hinted  that  a  large  proportion  of  the 
flowers  were  imported. 


jHoME     -pOF^FJE^PONDENCE. 


New  Varieties  of  Hyacinths. — I  do  not  wish  to 
be  misunderstood  on  this  question,  and  beg  to  say 
that  I  have  grown  and  know  all  the  varieties  named 
by  Mr.  Kerstein.  I  exhibited  S)uvenir  de  J.  H. 
Veen  in  my  1st  prize  group  last  year.  It  is  the  very 
best  of  the  new  varieties;  this  opinion  of  it  I  have 
held  from  the  first  year  it  was  grown  in  England, 
and  the  first  impression  h.as  been  abundantly  con- 
firmed every  year.  When  I  said  it  was  too  popular,  I 
meant  that  the  Dutch  growers  were  likely  to  have 
too  large  a  sale  for  it,  and  would  send  over  the  bulbs 
before  they  arrived  at  their  mo  t  perfect  development, 
and  from  the  size  of  the  bulbs  of  that  particular  variety, 
which  are  considerably  smaller  than  they  were  last 
year,  I  greatly  fear  this  is  the  case.  I  have  grown 
Sultan  and  Electra,  and  have  them  again  this  year  ; 
but  I  fear  the  spikes  are  not  long  enough  to  place  in 
a  collection  of  twelve.  I  have  rejected  scores  of  new 
varieties  because  they  do  not  come  up  to  this  standard  ; 
and  it  says  much  for  the  excellent  qualities  of  J.  H. 
Veen  that  we  have  adopted  it  to  the  exclusion  of 
many  promising  varieties,  which  have  been  honoured 
with  First-class  Certificates.  J.  Douglas. 

Conservatory  Climbers.- Vour  esteemed  corre- 
spondent, Mr.  Farley,  last  week  wrote  of  the  ill 
effects  of  close  pruning  Abutilons.  In  the  conserva- 
tory here  Abutilons  Boule  de  Neige  and  a  yellow 
variety  grow  most  vigorously  planted  out  and  cut 
back  close  annually.  Shoots  from  8  to  10  feet  long 
are  produced  which  bloom  profusely  for  several 
months  up  to  Christmas,  and  form  splendid  pillar 
plants.  Luculia  gratissima  is  one  of  the  very  best 
plants  for  a  pillar  where  fully  exposed  to  the  light. 
Cut  back  pretty  freely  in  January  it  has  now  opened 
the  first  head  of  deliciously  sweet-scented  pink  flowers, 
and  for  the  next  six  weeks  it  will  be  very  attractive. 
As  a  pillar  or  wall  plant  it  has  few  rivals  at  this 
season  of  the  year,  but  it  is  not  valuable  as  a  cut 
flower.  Solanum  jasminoides,  grown  on  pillars  20  feet 
high,  arched  over  a  broad  walk,  with  shoots  12  feet 
long'hanging  down,  thinly  trained,  have  a  singularly 
charming  effect  amongst  other  plants,  such  as  Fuchsias, 
but  not  on  the  same  pillar.  The  flowers  are  not  so 
attractive  in  general,  but  as  grown  here,  suspended 
high,  they  are  interesting.  Clianlhus  puniceus  is 
another  useful  shrub— vigorous,  and  the  foliage  gives 
variety.  It  blooms  during  January  and  February,  and 
is  very  attractive  at  that  season.  It  is  rather  subject 
to  red-spider,  which  we  keep  down  by  syringing.  Bou- 
gainvillea  glabra,  if  required  for  autumn  use,  may  be 


692 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  1886. 


slopped  twice,  and  will  then  bloom  on  to  Christmas ; 
but  if  grown  in  a  stove  it  will  flower  more  than  half 
of  the  year.  All  the  above  plants  are  close  pruned. 
Bignonia  Chirirc.  — In  August,  1SS5,  I  called  at  the 
Denbies  Gardens,  Dorking,  and  the  gorgeous  display 
of  flower  produced  by  a  plant  of  the  abovi  I  shall  not 
soon  forget.  I  would  call  special  attention  to  this 
plant,  as  it  is  not  so  commonly  known  as  it  deserves 
to  be.  I  am  led  to  think  that  the  plant  does 
not  bloom  freely  in  a  young  state,  but  it  is 
worth  years  waiting  for.  It  requires  a  large  space  to 
grow  them  elTtctively.  Bomareas.  —  I  have  had 
Bomarea  conferta  highly  recommended  as  a  pillar 
plant,  but  after  two  years'  trial  with  vigorous  growth 
it  does  not  seem  disposed  to  bloom  freely,  and  the 
winding  habit  of  the  shoots  and  lack  of  branches  up 
the  stem  bearing  flowers  disqualify  it  for  furnishing 
pillars,  where  a  general  display  is  sought  from 
top  to  bottom.  This  plant  requires  special  treat- 
ment I  presume— possibly  a  dry  warm  atmosphere 
to  mature  the  shoots.  G.  Hants,  Alnwick  Castle 
Gardens, 

The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Insti- 
tution.— As  there  have  been  a  great  many  collections 
in  the  churches  of  this  country  in  aid  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Benevolent  Institution,  I  venture  to  express  a 
hope  that  the  clergymen  of  our  churches  will 
think  of  the  Gardeners'  Institution  one  day  next 
year,  say  Easter  Sunday,  when  the  churches  are  all 
aglow  with  cut  flowers  and  pot  plants,  the  produce 
of  the  gardener's  skill ;  and  as  gardeners  have  con- 
tributed many  times  to  the  Agricultural  Benevolent 
Institution  I  believe  the  farmers,  &c  ,  will  give  their 
twin  sister  Institution  a  turn.  John  Perkins,  The 
Gardens,  Jhornham  Hall,  Suffolk.  [A  good  sugges- 
tion.  Ed.] 

Hautbois  Strawberry  ("P.  F.  B.,"  p.  631).— 
I  shall  be  pleased  to  let  the  enquirer  have  some  young 
plants  of  the  above  Strawberry  if  he  will  send  me  his 
name  and  address,  ff.  ff'  IVard,  Longford  Castle, 
Salisbury. 

Bellicide,  or  Daisy  Eradicator— This  is  an 
entirely  new  preparation,  in  course  of  distribution  by 
Messrs.  Hurst  &  Sons,  wholesale  seedsmen,  of 
152,  Houndsditch,  E.  Up  to  this  time  Watson's 
Lawn  Sand  has  been  the  most  prominent  of  the 
agencies  recommended  for  killing  weeds  on  lawns,  but 
the  high  price  at  which  it  is  sold  makes  its  use  almost 
prohiljitory.  This  new  preparation,  while  equally 
efficacious,  is  much  less  expensive,  and  therefore  it  is 
better  adapted  for  general  use.  It  not  only  destroys 
Daisies,  but  other  weeds,  and  the  first  application  of 
it  I  saw  was  at  Dunedin,  Streatham  Hill,  the  resi- 
dence of  N.  Sherwood,  Esq.  Here  it  had  been  freely 
applied,  with  the  result  thai  hundreds  of  large  weeds 
were  destroyed.  The  Bellicide,  being  in  the  form  of 
a  dry  powder,  is  applied  by  means  of  a  small  dredger, 
and  is  carefully  distributed  over  the  whole  surface 
of  the  weed  operated  on,  when  it  soon  withers  up. 
The  preparation  may  extend  to  the  grass  around  the 
weeds,  and  slightly  burn  it,  but  there  is  in  its  com- 
position something  that  fertilises  the  grass  also,  and 
if  the  spot  be  '.  watered  —  supposing  the  weather 
to  be  dry— a  rich  growth  of  green  verdure  follows. 
The  Bellicide  has  been  largely  used  by  Mr.  J. 
Roberts  on  the  lawn  at  Gunnersbury  Park,  Acton, 
during  the  summer  ;  it  was  applied  both  in  shady 
positions  and  those  fully  open  to  the  action  of  the 
sun,  and  in  every  case  the  results  proved  highly 
satisfactory.  It  there  destroyed  the  leaves  and 
crowns  of  the  Daisies  and  other  weeds,  doing  it  com- 
pletely. It  slightly  affected  the  appearance  of  the 
grass,  but  was  quickly  followed  by  a  luxuriance  of 
growth  that  Mr.  1-toberts  describes  as  truly  astonish- 
ing. Mr.  Robert  Greenfield,  of  The  Priory  Gardens, 
Warwick,  reports  that  he  has  tried  it  "at  different 
times,  and  each  time  with  the  same  successful  results. 
It  completely  kills  Daisies,  Dandelions,  Plantains,  &c., 
while  at  the  same  time  it  acts  as  a  manure  to  the  grass, 
as  the  latter  grows  vigorously  after  its  application.  I 
find  it  most  effectual  when  applied  in  moist  weather." 
Mr.  G.  Bloxham,  The  Gardens,  Brickhill  Manor, 
Bletchley,  who  has  also  tried  the  Bellicide  with  the 
best  results,  reports  as  an  important  fact  that  "  it 
gets  lid  of  the  moss  which  is  almost  as  objectionable 
as  the  Daisies,  &c.,"  and  he  forwarded  for  inspection 
"a  small  quantity  of  moss  taken  from  a  bard  gravel 
walk  in  a  damp  and  shady  position,  which  was 
quite  killed  by  applications  of  the  Bellicide,  leaving 
the  walk  bright  and  clean."  Applications  made  on 
the  lawn  of  the  Imperial  Hotel,  Great  Malvern  ;  at 
the  Piollycrochon  Hotel,  Colwyn  Bay,  and  several 
others  duly  recorded,  show  equally  satisfactory 
results.  In  the  case  of  larger  plants  of  weeds  it  is 
necessary  to  have  the  crowns  cut  oft'  before  the  pre- 
paration is  applied,  which  should  be  done  direct  to 
the  stem  ;  three  or  four  dressings  may  be  necessary  to 
the  very  strongest,  but  in  the  end  the  weeds  succumb. 
If  applied  during  dry  weather  water  should  be  given 
five  or  SIX  days  afterwards.  The  Bellicide  can  be 
used  at  any  time  between  March  and  August,  and 
there  is  nothing  injurious  about  it ;  it  does  not  harm 


birds,  nor  anything  except  the  weeds  it  is  intended  to 
exterminate  ;  moreover,  it  has  no  objectionable  smell, 
and  will  keep  any  length  of  time,  but  it  is  necessary 
to  store  it  in  a  dry  place,  as  some  of  the  ingredients 
may  absorb  moisture,  thus  rendering  it  difficult  to 
apply,  besides  interfering  with  its  equal  distribution. 
The  preparation  has  been  made  with  the  greatest 
care,  and  there  is  no  doubt  it  will  be  found  a  great 
boon  to  gardeners  generally,  R.  D. 

Orchid  Pruning.— A  note  under  this  heading  in 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  the  13th  inst.  seems 
intended  as  a  "fling"  at  the  advocates  of  the 
"pruning  system."  It  is  evident,  however,  that  the 
writer  has  not  read  all  that  the  advocates  of  the 
system  have  recommended  in  these  pages,  or  he 
would  have  discovered  special  reasons  for  not  pruning 
out  the  old  growths  of  many  species  of  Dendrobiums, 
So  far  as  my  bumble  opinion  goes,  and  according  to 
the  rules  I  ventured  to  recommend,  he  is  justified  in 
retaining  the  old  growths  of  the  species  he  mentions 
until  he  is  quite  certain  they  are  flowered  out.  My 
only  reason  for  writing  this,  is  to  vindicate  the  system, 
for  every  year's  experience  proves  to  me  that  it  is 
founded  upon  sound  principles.  N.  Blandford. 

Wasps  and  their  Habits.— Wasps  have  fre- 
quently strange  places  where  they  select  to  build  their 
nests  to  form  their  colony  of  young  in.  Perhaps  one  of 
the  most  common  resorts  is  in  the  ground,  by  taking  pos- 


session of  a  deserted  mouse-bole,  or  something  similar ; 
but  in  Scotland  it  is  as  common  to  see  them  attached 
to  branches  and  spurs  of  wall  trees,  shrubs,  hedges, 
and  such-like,  and  occasionally  upon  branches  of  forest 
trees,  even  in  exposed,  airy  places.  Whether  these 
are  diti'ereot  kinds  of  wasps,  or  only  vary  in  their 
resort,  I  am  not  able  to  decide,  but  the  form  and 
material  of  building  their  nests  are  precisely  similar. 
It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  there  are  never  any  of  these 
hanging  nests  seen  in  the  South  of  England,  where 
wasps  are  plentiful  enough,  and  are  invariably  in  the 
ground,  or  in  places  where  their  nests  are  not  seen. 
We  have  here  another  kind  by  no  means  common, 
which  is  not  only  different  in  appearance  to  the 
common  sort,  by  having  broader  bars  across  the 
back,  and  is  somewhat  darker  and  smaller  in  size  ; 
but  the  habitation  selected  is  generally  under  hovels 
and  under  roofs  of  houses  for  rearing  their  young, 
and  the  paper-like  casings  of  their  nests  is  in  stripes, 
and  worked  round  like  scallop  shells,  and  is  pretty 
in  appearance.  It  is  very  interesting  to  watch  them 
building  their  hanging  nests,  on  the  thin  paper  walls 
of  which  there  is  a  number  of  sections  or  layers  sur- 
rounding the  outside  walls ;  the  material  used  being 
collected  by  the  wasps  from  old  pailings  or  decay- 
ing stumps  of  trees,  and  the  process  of  building, 
which  I  have  repeatedly  watched,  is  done  by  placing 
themselves  over  the  section  they  are  increasing,  and 
working  rapidly  backwards,  exuding  at  the  same  time 
the  gummy  looking  substance  out  of  their  mouth,  and 


squeezing  it  tightly  with  .their  flattened  mandibles. 
This  is  rapidly  repeated  three  or  four  times  before 
taking  flight  for  another  supply.  In  warm  favourable 
seasons  for  their  increase,  nests  are  often  found  from 
6  to  8  inches  in  diameter ;  only  a  few  were  seen  here 
this  autumn,  although  they  were  in  great  numbers  in 
the  spring  months.  Two  or  three  are  the  most  I  have 
seen,  one  being  in  the  mouth  of  a  dolphin,  one  of 
three  supporting  basins  of  a  fountain  which  was  dry 
for  some  time  early  in  the  summer,  when  the  mother 
wasp  had  taken  possession.  It  was  an  amusing  sight 
to  see  the  young  wasps  flying  in  and  out  through  the 
falling  spray,  and  seemingly  taking  no  more  notice  of 
it  than  if  it  was  only  a  shower  of  rain  falling ;  the 
sight  being  a  novel  one  I  did  not  have  it  destroyed. 
It  is  commonly  understood  that  all  the  wasps  seen 
early  in  the  season  are  females,  fertilised  in  the 
autumn  before  leaving  the  parent  nest,  and  getting 
into  their  dormitory.  If  such  is  the  case,  and  all  that 
are  seen  were  to  become  progenitors  of  a  colony,  fruit 
would,  in  a  favourable  season  for  their  breeding 
literally  be  eaten  up.  From  a  number  of  years'  obser- 
vation, I  now  look  upon  the  great  numbers  in  spring 
as  an  indication  of  having  few  in  autumn.  I  have 
also  noticed  the  opposite,  viz.,  they  are  most  plenti- 
ful in  the  autumns  succeeding  springs  when  few  are 
seen.  I  have  paid  for  killing  at  the  rate  of  \s.  per 
dozen  in  spring,  and  left  it  off  a  number  of  years  ago, 
through  never  finding  it  made  any  difference,  but  I 
am  an  advocate  for  destroying  all  nests  in  autumn 
before  they  get  abroad  to  search  for  their  winter 
lodgings.  I  have  occasionally  found  them  in  winter 
concealed  under  thatch  and  under  decayed  bark  of 
trees,  &c.  ;  cold  in  this  stage  does  not  affect  them  in 
the  least  provided  they  are  kept  dry.  J.  Webster, 
Gordon  Castle. 


Begonia  socotrana  Flowering  from  the  Bulb. 
— Under  ordinary  circumstances  bulbs,  or  what  must 
be  considered  such  from  their  construction,  are 
formed  around  the  neck  of  the  plant,  and  generally 
close  to  the  surface  of  the  soil,  or  altogether  exposed. 
These  structures  consist  of  a  few  comparatively  large 
bract-like  organs,  that  completely  enclose  a  dense 
mass  of  smaller  bodies,  closely  packed  on  a  central 
axis.  All  these  must  be  looked  upon  as  modified 
leaves,  while  the  latter  kind  give  the  structure  a  cone- 
like appearance.  Terminating  the  axis,  at  least  of  the 
larger  ones,  are  some  perfectly  formed  but  of  course 
very  small  flowers,  which  may,  but  more  often  do 
not  become  developed  during  the  current  year.  A 
striking  exception  to  this  is  seen  in  the  Begonia- 
house  at  Kew,  where  some  of  these  incipient  inflo- 
rescences have  emerged  from  their  narrow  confinement 
and  become  developed  several  inches  in  length,  with 
every  appearance  of  a  healthy  vigour  that  will  enable 
the  flowers  to  expand.  The  flowers  in  question  are 
borne  on  a  naked  peduncle,  without  the  accompani- 
ment of  the  ordinary  peltate  leaves,  and  leafless,  save 
for  the  numerous  bract-like  organs  around  the  base 
of  the  now  elongated  axis.  J.  F. 

Helianthus  tuberosus  Flowering. — In  a  villa 
garden  at  Kew  quite  recently,  or  before  being  destroyed 
by  frost,  might  have  been  seen  a  row  of  Jerusalem 
Artichokes  with  stems  ranging  from  6  to  S  leet  high. 
Most  of  them,  or  at  least  all  taller  ones,  terminated  in 
a  flower-bud  which  ultimately  became  fully  expanded. 
The  fishing-rod-like  stems,  each  bearing  a  solitary, 
pigmy  yellow  flower,  seemed  remarkably  odd,  and 
shows  how  little,  long-cultivated  tuber-bearing  plants 
depend  upon  the  production  of  flowers  and  seed  for 
their  preservation  and  continuance.  A  few  years  ago 
the  same  species  might  have  been  seen  flowering  on 
the  Middlesex  side  of  the  river.  J.  F. 

Adiantum  Farleyense.  —  Have  any  of  your 
readers  ever  known  Adiantum  Farleyense  to  bear 
spores  ?  I  was  speaking  with  a  gardener  the  other 
day,  who  has  a  plant  that  he  asserts  spring  from  a 
spore ;  it  came  np  amongst  a  number  of  other 
varieties,  as  A.  macrophyllum,  A.  scutum,  &c.,  and 
was  the  only  one  in  the  batch.  I  was  mentioning  this 
to  a  gardener  who  grows  several  large  plants,  and  he 
seemed  to  think  Farleyense  was  a  fertile  variety  ;  but 
on  examining  his  plants  no  frond  could  be  found 
bearing  spores.  If  it  does  not  spore,  how  is  the 
first  man's  seedling  to  be  accounted  for  ?  I  have 
always  been  under  the  impression  it  was  a  barren 
sort.      W.  G. 


Convolvulus  mauritanicus.— In  the  notice  of 
this  plant  by  Mr.  Earley,  at  p.  661,  he  speaks  of  it 
as  a  pot  plant,  to  be  wintered  in  a  greenhouse,  even 
if  planted  out  in  summer.  For  many  years  I  have 
grown  it  on  a  rockery,  and  it  has  stood  the  winters 
unprotected,  including  some  of  the  most  severe  seasons, 
without  the  slightest  injury,  increasing  in  size  until 
it  has  grown  into  a  plant  a  couple  of  yards  across, 
bearing  hundreds  of  blooms.  It  is  readily  raised 
from  seed,  sown  under  glass  in  early  spring.  I  am 
surprised  it  is  not  more  generally  grown,  E.  Harvey, 
Aighurth,  Liverpool, 


November  27,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


693 


EDINBURGH  BOTANICAL:  November  11. 

(Coiiclitded  from  p.  664.) 

Report  on  Vegetation  at  the  Royal  Botanic 
Garden,  Edinborgh. — The  month  of  July  was 
ralhet  cold  and  wet  for  the  season  of  the  year.  Rain 
fell  more  or  less  on  sixteen  days.  A  few  really  warm 
dry  days  occurred  during  the  first  week,  after  which 
showers  and  dull  weather  occurred  frequently  till  the 
end  of  the  month.  The  lowest  night  temperature  was 
38°,  which  occurred  on  the  27lh,  and  the  highest  52°, 
on  the  2d.  Herbaceous  plants  and  annuals  llowered 
remarkably  well.  Roses  were  also  good  during  the 
last  week  of  the  rrionth.  On  the  rock  garden  2S2 
species  and  varieties  of  plants  came  into  flower  during 
July,  amongst  which  the  following  were  conspicuous  : 
— Heuchera  sanguinea,  Cyananthus  lobatus,  Sapo- 
naria  csespitosa,  Cacalia  alpina,  Myosotis  capitata, 
TropKOlum  polyphyllum,  Meconopsis  Wallichii, 
Phyteuma  comosum,  Pentstemon  speciosum,  Epilo- 
bium  obcordatum,  Chrysogonum  virginianum,  Aris- 
tolochia  rotunda,  Spircea  distichoides,  S.  bullata, 
Lilium  Krameri,  Galium  rubrum,  Calochortus  pul- 
chellus,  Micromeria  piperella,  Veronica  amplexi- 
caulis,  &c. 

During  August  the  weather  was  fairly  good  ;  there 


were  species  of  Maple,  Oak,  and  Liriodendron,  while 
many  others  were  scarcely  soloured  at  all,  the  leaves 
having  fallen  or  been  blown  off  in  an  immature  con- 
dition. The  brown  tints  which  many  Conifers 
assume  at  this  season  are  as  yet  absent.  Want  of  heat 
and  sunshine  during  the  growing  season,  causing 
insufficient  ripening ,  appears  to  have  brought  about 
this  result,  and  from  the  same  cause  Rhododendrons, 
Azaleas  and  other  Ericaceous  plants  are  but  poorly 
set  with  flower-buds  lor  next  year.  Fruit  bearing 
trees  and  shrubs  have,  as  a  rule,  produced  moderate 
crops  :  the  best  are  Hollies,  Cotoneasters,  Roses,  and 
Prunus  lusitanica — the  latter  is  unusually  abundant 
this  season. 

The  lowest  readings  of  the  thermometer  occurred 
on  the  9'h,  34°;  nth,  33";  13th,  37° ;  22d,  35°; 
23d,  32°.  The  highest  morning  readings  were — on 
the  1st,  59°  ;  2d,  56'  ;  6th,  53'  ;  7th,  56°;  8th,  56'. 
Rain  fell  on  eighteen  days,  and  there  were  severe 
thunderstorms  and  violent  gales  at  the  middle  of  the 
month. 

On  the  rock  garden  a  large  number  of  plants  were 
in  flower.  Only  sixteen,  however,  opened  their  first 
flowers  during  October,  the  best  of  which  were 
Armeria  canescens,  Aster  longifolius.  Crocus  medius, 
asturicus,  byzantinus,  Schmidti,  and  pulchellus;  Dian- 
thus  arenarius,  Helleborus  altifolius,  Tricyrtis  hirti. 
From  January  1  till  the  end  of  October  1161  species 
and  varieties  have  flowered  on  the  rock  garden  ;  at 
the  same  date  last  year  1 168  had  flowered. 

September  was,  on  an  average,  favourable.  The 
weather  was  dry,   but   rather  cold.     The  first  frost 


Fig.  136.— primula  reidi.     (see  p.  691.) 


were  nineteen  dry  days,  and  the  wind  was  westerly 
throughout. 

Several  low  night  temperatures  were  registered.  The 
lowest  were— on  the  1st,  40° ;  3d,  36°  ;  4lh,  37° ;  5th, 
38°;  15th,  39°.  The.highest  morning  readings  were — 
on  the  6th,  67°;  20th,  68°;  2Sth,  63°;  29tb,  70°;  30th, 
66°.  Eighty-six  species  of  plants  came  into  flower 
on  the  rock  garden  during  August,  amongst  which 
were  the  following,  viz.: — Campanula  isophylla  alba, 
Hypericum  chinense.  Umbilicus  sempervivum,  Erica 
ramulosa,  Calluna  vulgaris  fl. -pi.,  Olearia  Haastii, 
Potentilla  Leschenaulti,  Cyclamen  hederifolium, 
Centaurea  alpina,  Saxifraga  fimbriata,  Statice  minima, 
Digitalis  ferruginea,  Scabiosa  graminifolia,  &c. 

The  rock  garden  was  very  gay  during  this  month,  a 
large  number  of  the  plants  which  begun  to  flower  in 
July  continued  longer  than  usual,  in  consequence  of 
there  being  no  great  beat.  Artificial  watering  was 
also  at  no  time  required. 

The  past  month  of  October  has  been  remarkable 
for  the  absence  of  frost,  only  once  did  the  thermometer 
reach  the  freezing  point,  viz.,  on  the  23d,  while  in 
October,  1SS5,  frost  was  registered  on  four  nights,  in- 
dicating 20°  in  all.  In  consequence  of  the  mildness 
of  the  season,  a  large  number  of  autumn  flowers  are 
still  in  fairly  good  condition — Dahlias,  Pelargoniums, 
Lobelias,  Calceolarias,  and  other  tender  plants  are  in 
Sower  in  the  open  ground  up  to  the  present  date,  but 
they  are  somewhat  battered  by  the  severe  storms  of 
wind  and  rain  they  have  undergone.  Autumnal  tints 
on  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  less  interest- 
ing than  usual.  Very  few  have  coloured  well,  the  best 


this  season  occurred  on  the  morning  of  the  15th, 
when  the  thermometer  fell  to  29*,  and  on  the  following 
morning  it  registered  32°.  Dahlias,  and  a  few  other 
tender  plants  were  injured,  but  not  altogether  de- 
stroyed. Potatos  were  also  blackened  in  some  dis- 
tricts. No  more  frost  occurred  during  this  month, 
the  lowest  readings  being  35°  on  the  19th,  and  36°  on 
the  23d.  The  highest  morning  readings  were — on 
the  1st,  65°  ;  6th,  65° ;  Sth,  62'  ;  9th,  60° ;  30th,  62°. 
The  season  has  been  favourable  for  tran  splanting 
and  outdoor  operations  have  had  but  little  interrup- 
tion throughout  the  month.  On  the  rock  garden 
twenty-four  species  of  plants  came  into  bloom, 
amongst  which  were  Hypericum  patulum,  Morina 
Coulteri,  Tricyrtis  australis.  Polygonum  capitatum, 
Colchicum  maximum.  Gladiolus  Saundersii,  G. 
purpureo  auralus,  Oxalis  lobata,  Polemonium  flavum, 
Kniphofia  MacOwani,  Colchicum  autumnale  album, 
fl.-pl.,  Lilium  tigrinum,  tXaothera  rivularis.  R. 
Lindsay, 

Report  of  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden. 

The  weather  has  again  been  variable,  and  generally 
cold,  particularly  at  night,  the  last  few  days,  however, 
having  been  warm  and  summer-like  ;  the  thermo- 
meter in  the  sun  having  registered  105°  on  the  2Sth, 
and  109°  on  the  29th,  the  latter  being  the  highest 
record  this  year.  On  the  same  dates  the  thermometer 
in  the  shade  registered  70°  and  69°  respectively. 

The  lowest  temperatures  were  registered  during 
the  first  week,  35'  on  the  morning  of  the  3d  being 
the  lowest  reading  here,  while  a  few  miles  away  the 
temperature  varied  from  32°  to  28°,  or  4°  of  frost, 
many  hall-hardy  plants  bemg  injured,  and  the  foliage 
of  Potatos  in  many  districts  discoloured.  Lower 
night  readings  have  not  been  recorded  for  many  years. 
The  rainfall  in  this  district  has  been  comparatively 


light,  and  the  weather  generally  conducive  to  a  fine 
and  continuous  floral  display. 

The  thermometer  was  below  the  freezing  point 
once  only  during  the  month,  3°  of  frost  having  been 
registered  on  the  morning  of  the  l6th  ;  the  next  lowest 
readings  were  33°  on  the  mornings  of  the  17th  and 
23d  respectively.  The  mean  temperature  has  been 
slightly  above  the  average.  The  prolonged  dry  and 
fine  weather  experienced  during  the  middle  of  the 
month  proved  of  great  benefit  in  maturing  crops  of 
all  kinds,  and  reduced  the  effects  of  what  was  pre- 
viously considered  a  backward  season.  Seeds  are 
generally  well  developed,  and  if  the  coming  month 
should  prove  propitious  a  good  seed  harvest  may  be 
expected.  Fruit  of  all  kinds  has  been  over-abundant 
and  cheap,  except  Apples  (in  some  districts). 

Of  outdoor  flowering  plants  there  are  still  a  number 
of  late-sown  hardy  annuals  in  bloom.  Dahlias  are 
at  their  best,  having  escaped  the  frost  of  the  i6th, 
which  put  an  end  to  the  blooming  season  of  Pelar- 
goniums, and  considerably  injured  such  plants  as 
Ageratums,  Heliotropes,  &c. 

The  lowest  temperature  registered  during  the 
month  was  29°  during  the  nights  of  the  2ist  and  22d 
respectively.  The  next  lowest  reading  was  36°,  during 
the  night  of  the  23d,  the  highest  51°,  during  the  nights 
of  the  4th  and  5th  ;  the  mean  day  temperature  was 
correspondingly  high. 

On  several  days  during  the  middle  of  the  month 
rainy  and  stormy  weather  prevailed,  but  during  the 
last  ten  days  it  has  been  fine  and  seasonable. 

As  was  anticipated  last  month,  a  considerable 
number  of  seeds  have  been  gathered.  Dahlias  are 
still  in  bloom,  but  owing  to  the  advanced  season  the 
flowers  are  not  well  developed. 

The  blooming  season  of  both  annuals  and  peren- 
nials is  a  prolonged  one,  the  following  being  still  in 
bloom  : — Anemone  japonica,  Pyrethrum  uliginosum, 
Colchicum  autumnale,  various  Asters,  Calendulas, 
and  Godetias.  Rhododendrons  (especially  hybrids) 
are  well  set  with  bloom-buds.   R.  BuUen,  Curator. 


DEVON  AND  EXETER  HORTICULTU- 
RAL SOCIETY  :  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
and  FRUIT  EXHIBITION  :  Nov.  12. 

The  above  exhibition  was  held  in  the  Victoria  Hall, 
Exeter.and  from  every  point  of  view  was  agreat  success. 
The  quality  of  the  flowers  staged  in  the  groups  was 
very  superior  to  former  years,  and  soon  we  may  hope  to 
see  perfection  in  the  style  of  growth,  quality  of 
bloom,  and  arrangement.  There  wa-  room  tor  more 
plants,  which  no  doubt  the  committee  was  not  slow 
to  note  ;  and  if  some  change  in  the  modes  of  arranging 
exhibits  could  be  effected  it  would  add  greatly  to  the 
appearance  of  the  show  as  a  whole.  The  cut  flowers, 
both  Japanese  and  incurved  varieties,  were  shown  in 
much  greater  numbers  than  usual,  and  of  far  superior 
quality.  Anemone,  reflexed  and  pompon  classes, 
showed  more  entries  than  before,  but  there  was  much 
room  for  improvement.  The  fruit  classes  for  Apples 
and  Pears  formed  also  a  great  feature,  the  colour 
showing  to  much  greater  perfection  than  at  the  earlier 
fruit  show,  and  naturally  seem  at  home  in  conjunction 
with  the  Chrysanthemums. 

Plants. 

Chrysanthemums  in  pots,  not  less  than  eighteen 
varieties,  arranged  for  effect  in  a  semicircle  with  an 
external  radius  ol  6  feet.  Ferns  may  be  used 
for  the  front.  —  Four  competitors.  1st,  Mr.  Rowland, 
gr.  to  Wm.  Brock,  Esq.,  Parker's  Well  House, 
Exeter  ;  this  was  an  excellent  collection,  including  all 
the  best  varieties  of  Japanese  and  incurved,  the  indi- 
vidual flowers  all  being  of  first  quality,  and  well 
merited  the  award.  2d,  Mr.  Counter,  gr.  to  Mark 
Farrant,  Esq.,  Exeter,  who  had  lesser  varieties  but 
larger  plants,  with  capital  blooms.  Mr.  Bartlett,  gr. 
to  Lady  Hotham,  Knightleys,  Exeter,  staged  a  group 
in  this  class  which  was  very  effective,  but  very  small 
blooms. 

Collection  of  Chrysanthemums  arranged  in  a  semi- 
circle with  an  external  radius  o(  6  feet. — 1st,  Mr. 
MoUon,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pongel,  who  had  very  tall  plants 
and  fine  bloom ;  2d,  Mr.  Rowland,  whose  plants 
were  much  more  dwarf,  but  lacking  in  size  of  bloom 
in  the  outer  rows.  Maidenhair  Ferns  were  used  in 
many  of  the  collections,  which  served  to  hide  the 
pots  of  the  Chrysanthemums,  and  to  give  a  finish  to 
the  appearance  of  the  several  groups. 

Cut  Blooms  (Chrysanthemuiis). 

Thirty  six  Japanese,  in  not  less  than  twenty-four 
distinct  varieties. — 1st,  Mr.  Geeson,  with  a  grand  lot 
of  fresh  blooms  of  leading  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Row- 
land, also  with  a  very  beautiful  lot  of  bloom. 

Thirty-six  incurved,  in  not  less  than  twenty-four 
distinct  varieties.— Here  again  Mr.  Gee^on  took  the 
lead  with  splendid  blooms  of  the  best  kinds,  of  good 
substance  and  fresh. 

Twenty-four  Japanese,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr.  Geeson, 
whose  blooms  were  equal  in  merit  to  those  in  bis 
first  lot. 


694 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  18 


Eighleen  Japanese,  distinct.  — ist,  Mr.  F.  Delve, 
gt.  to  F.  W.  Grant,  Esq.,  Lympstone,  with  a  veiy 
nicp  lot  indeed. 

Twelve  Japanese,  distinct.  — Ist,  Mr.  Dolling,  who 
had  a  very  fine  stand  of  blooms. 

Six  Japanese,  one  variety.  — Ist,  Mr.  Aplin,  with 
Madaiiie  C.  Audiguier,  very  good  ;  2d,  Mr.  F. 
Delve,  with  Fair  Maid  of  Guernsey,  very  fine. 

Twcniy-four  incurved,  dislinct.  — Ist,  Mr.  Geeson, 
also  in  good  fcrm. 

Eighteen  incurved,  distinct.  — 1st,  Mr.  Rowland, 
with  a  capital  stand  of  hlooms. 

Twelve  incurved,  distinct.- Ist,  Mr.  Dolling. 

Six  incurved,  one  variety.  — 1st,  Mr.  Aplin,  with 
fine  blocmi  of  i^ueen  of  England;  2d,  Mr.  Dolling, 
wiih  Jeanne  d'Arc. 

Six  reflexed,  distinct.  — 1st.  Mr.  Dolling,  with 
Golden  and  Pink  Christine,  King  of  Crimsons,  Mr. 
Forsyth,  Culliogfordi,  and  Cloth  of  Gold. 

Six  Anemones,  dislinct.  —  1st,  Mr.  Aplin,  wi  h  good 
blooms  of  Fabian  de  Medi.-ina,  M.  Cabrol,  Acquisi- 
tion, Lady  Margnret,  GUick,  and   Madame  Eocaroy. 

Frijit, 

Three  bunches  Black  Alicante  Grapes.  — ist,  Mr. 
Iggulden,  with  splendid  hunches,  averaging  3  lb. 
each,  good  berries,  well  coloured,  and  perfectly 
symmelrical  ;  2d,  Mr.  R.  Pike,  gr.  to  Rev.  H. 
Clerk,  Exmouth,  with  capital  bunches,  very  fine 
in  berry. 

Three  bunches  Gros  Colmar  Grapes.  —  Ist,  Mr. 
Iggulden,  with  fine  bunches,  and  well  coloured. 

Three  bunches  Lady  Downe's  Gripes. — 1st,  Mr. 
Langworlhy,  gr.  to  G.  P.  Benmore,  E^q.,  Exmouth. 

Three  bunches  Muscit  of  Alexandria  Grapes. — 2d, 
Mr.  Teed,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Ensor. 

One  Pine-apple.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Lock,  with  a  splendid 
Smooth  Cayenne. 

Dishes  of  Apples  and  Pears  in  large  and  small 
quantities  were  numerously  shown  by  exhibitors 
hailing  from  Devon  and  the  neighbouring  counties. 

Mes  rs.  Veitch  i  Son,  of  Exeter,  contributed  several 
stands  of  Chrysanthemum  blooms  ol  good  quality, 
and  Apples  and  Pears  in  great  variety. 

Messrs.  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co.  showed  a  fine  1  it  of 
Chrysanthemum  plants  in  bloom,  of  excellent  quality  ; 
immediately  in  front  was  a  large  collection  of  Apples 
and  Pears  in  great  variety.   C.  D.  P, 


in  four  distinct  varieties,  having  fine  blooms  of 
Princess  of  Wales,  Baron  Beust,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  and 
Gulden  Empress  ;  2d,  Mr.  F.  Tagait,  Old  Sneyd 
Park  (E.  Miller,  gr.). 

In  the  class  for  twelve  incurved  blooms,  distinct, 
Mr.  C.  N.  May  was  Ist,  with  an  excellent  lot  ;  2d, 
Mr.  \V.  Wildsmith,  with  good  blooms. 

Mr.  May  was  also  Ist  in  the  class  for  twelve  cut 
blooms,  shown  with  4  Inches  of  stem  and  foliage, 
distinct,  having  excellent  hlooms  ;  2  J,  Mr.  \V.  Wild- 
smith. 

lapanese  blooms  were  well  shown,  Mr.W.  Pelhwick 
having  the  best  twelve,  fine  and  well  developed  ;  2d, 
Mr.  W.  Wildsmith. 

There  was  an  excellent  competition  also  in  the 
class  for  Anemone-flowered  in  (our  varieties,  and 
here  Mr.  W.  Pethwick  was  Ist,  with  finely  developed 
blooms ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Tucker,  with  flowers  of  much 
merit. 

A  very  fine  stand  of  reflexed  Chrysanthemums,  not 
(or  competition,  was  staged  by  Mr,  Wildsmith,  and 
Highly  Commended. 

The  increasing  popularity  of  the  Chrysanthemum 
show  was  proved  by  the  fact  that  the  admission  money 
exceeded  by  £iQ  the  amount  taken  last  year. 


DEVIZES   CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 

November  16. 

If  any  exhibition  deserves  to  be  a  success  this  does,  . 
(or  it  is  an  otLhoot  of  the  Benevolent  Society  of 
Devizes,  and  it  is  mide  the  means  (in  conjunction 
with  the  annual  Bazaar)  of  bringing  in  a  large  sum, 
which  is  devoted  to  the  relief  of  the  distressed  during 
the  winter  months.  As  is  usual,  the  exhibition  was 
arranged  by  Mr.  Thomas  King,  of  Devizes  Castle 
tiiidens,  who  discharged  the  duties  of  manager  in  an 
admirable  manner. 

Plants. 
In  the  Corn  E.\change  were  to  be  seen  some  of 
the  best  plants  of  trained  Chrysanlhemums  we  have 
been  privileged  to  look  upon  this  season.  They 
were  large,  finely  grown,  and  well  bloomed  ;  the 
best  six,  grown  by  Mr.  Hall,  gr.  to  C.  N.  May, 
Esq.,  The  Elms,  Devizes,  would  have  held  their  own 
at  the  Royal  Aquarium  Exhibition.  Mr.  H.  Claik, 
gr.  to  C.  E.  Colston,  E-q  ,  Roundway  Park,  Devizes, 
was  2d,  with  admirable  specimens  also. 

In  the  class  for  four  plants,  Mr.  George  Tucker, 
gr.  to  Major  W.  P.  Clarke,  Trowbridge,  was  1st 
with  capital  plants  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Webb,  gr.  to  W. 
Stancomb,  Esq.,  Blounts  Court,  Devizes.  Mr.  May 
had  the  three  best  specimens  of  Mrs.  George  Rundle, 
Mrs.  Dixon,  and  George  Glenny,  highly  praiseworthy 
in  every  respect. 

Specimen  Japanese  were  good  also.  Mr.  C. 
N.  May  was  again  to  the  fore  with  six  excellent 
plants  in  good  contrasting  varieties,  equal  in  size, 
finely  grown  and  flowered.  2d,  Mr.  C.  E.  Colston, 
with  very  good  plants,  Mr.  G.  Tucker  had  the 
best  four. 

In  the  class  for  six  pompons  there  was  a 
spirited  competition  with  fine  kinds,  Mr.  May  again 
coming  in  Ist  with  f  xcellent  plants.  2d,  Mr,  Colston, 
close  up. 

Mr.  G.  Tucker  had  the  best  four  plants  grown  as 
pyramids  ;  2d,  Mr.  Burgess,  gr.  to  the  Rev,  C.  E. 
Barnwell,  Southborne  Vicarage,  Devizes. 

Cut  Blooms. 

There  was  a  keen  competition  for  the  Silver  Cup 
given  by  the  late  Mayor,  Mr.  G.  11.  Mead,  fir 
twenty-four  blooms  of  Chrysanthemums,  twelve  in- 
curved and  twelve  Japanese.  This  was  won  by  Mr. 
W.  Wildsmith,  gr!  to  Lord  Eversley,  Heckfield, 
Winchfield,  with  a  very  good  lot  ;  2d,  Mr.  G. 
Tucker,  with  some  remarkably  good  flowers,  «hicb, 
though  nice  and  fiesh,  were  wanting  in  size. 

Mr.  Wildsmith  also  had  the  best  twelve  cut  blooms 


WEST    KENT    CHRYSANTHEMUM: 
Nov,  i6  and  17. 

This  Society  held  its  ninth  annual  exhibition  in  the 
Public  Hall,  Bexley  Heath,  on  the  above  dales.  The 
show  was  a  decided  success,  both  a  regards  extent, 
the  fine  quality  of  the  plants  and  cut  flowers,  for 
which  competition  was  invited,  and  which  included 
Grapes,  Apples,  Pears,  Potalos,  and  collections  of 
vegetables,  which  collectively  were  very  well  shown. 

Groups. 
As  usual  now  at  these  autumn  displays,  the  groups 
of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots  cocstituted  an  impcrtant 
feature,  consisting  as  they  did  of  wet  flowered  plants 
arranged  closely  together.  Vet,  imposing  as  the  groups 
are,  when  massed  together  in  the  way  now  seen  at 
exhibitions,  would  not  the  effect  be  much  enhanced  if 
the  mass  ol  flowers  were  relieved  by  the  introduction  of 
Palms  and  other  suitable  fine-leaved  subjects  amongst 
them  ?  Of  this  there  can  scarcely  be  two  opinions, 
and  we  throw  out  the  hint  for  the  consideration  ol 
those  who  have  to  compile  the  schedules,  if  it  would 
not  be  worth  their  while  to  .stipulate  that  the  groups 
for  which  they  ofl'er  prizes  should  include  plants  of 
the  character  named. 

In  the  open  class  for  groups  occupying  a  space  of 
60  superficial  feet,  the  competition  was  very  close  be- 
tween Mr.  F.  Moore,  gr.  to  W.  C.  Pickersgill.  Esq., 
Mr.  Tomalin,  gr.  to  S.  White,  E,q,,  and  Mr.  Mitchell, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Arbulhnot,  who  took  the  prizes  in  the  order 
of  their  names  ;  Mr.  Moore's  plants,  in  addition  to 
being  well  bloomed,  were  good  in  foliage  aLo  — a  fact 
which  is  not  always  so  much  taken  into  account  as  it 
deserves  to  be.  Mr.  Tormalin  likewise  had  a  very 
good  group,  whilst  Mr.  Mitchell's  plants  were  re- 
markable for  the  size  and  development  of  their  flowers. 
Standards,  which  for  general  usefulness  in  ar- 
ranging in  conservatories,  halls,  or  elsewhere,  are  pre- 
ferable to  the  flat  trellised  specimen,  were  well  shown  : 
Mr.  Moore  being  Ist  with  well  grown  and  finely 
flowered  examples  ;  Mr.  Mitchell,  who  was  2  1,  also 
had  a  well  bbomsd  half-dozen. 

Mr.  Mitchell  was  Ist  for  single  standards,  with  a 
large  specimen  of  Madame  Bertie  Rendatler,  splen- 
didly flowered  ;  2J,  Mr.  Mitchell,  with  Elaine,  very 
well  done. 

Four  standard  pompons.  — 1st,  Mr.  Mitchell,  with 
well  flowered  examples. 

In  the  amateur  class  the  Ist  prize  for  a  group  was 
taken  by  Mr.  Blackstone,  with  a  good  set  of  plants, 
nicely  flowered. 

Cut  Blooms. 
These  were  in  great  number,  most  of  the  classes 
being  well  filled.  Few  flowers  of  indifl'erent  quality 
were  present  even  in  the  stands  that  were  not  suc- 
cessful. With  twenty-four  incurved  flowers,  not  fewer 
than  eighteen  varieties,  Mr.  Moore  had  \A  honours, 
with  excellent  flowers  of  well  known  kinds  ;  2d,  Mr. 
Mitchell,  whose  flowers  consisted  of  the  same  or 
similar  kinds. 

Twelve  blooms  of  incurved  varieties.— isl,  Mr. 
Mitchell,  with  a  fine  stand. 

Twelve  blooms,  reflexed  varieties. — Ist,  Mr,  Moore, 
with  a  meritorious  stand. 

Twenty-four  Japanese,  not  less  than  eighteen 
varieties.  —  Here  again  Mr.  Moore  took  the  lead, 
putting  up  an  excellent  stand  ;  Mr.  Mitchell,  whose 
stand  contained  fine  flowers,  being  2d ;  3i,  Mr, 
Tomalin,  who  had  a  good  lot  of  blooms. 

Twelve  blooms,  large  Anemone-flowered,  not  less 
than  six  varieties.  —  Mr.  Moore,  who  here  again  took 
Ist  prize,  staged  fine  flowers. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  pompon  Anemones  Mr. 
Mitchell  took  the  Ist  prize. 

In  the  second  division  of  the  show,  with  twelve 
incurved  blooms,  Mr.  Adams  took  the  lead,  having 


an  excellent  stand  ;  Mr.   Winter,  who  was  2d,  also 
had  a  good  stand. 

Twelve  Japanese. — In  a  close  run  1st  honours  went 
to  Mr.  Adams,  for  an  even  set  of  blooms ;  2d,  Mr. 
Winter. 

Six  Japanese. —  1st,  Mr.  Winter;  2d,  Mr.  Adams, 
both  showing  well 

Twelve  pompons.  — Ist,  Mr.  Blackstone,  gr.  to  F. 
Littlehales,  E-q. 

Six  table  plants.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Moore,  with  clean  welt 
grown  examples. 

Fruit. 

B'ack  Grapes,  three  bunches.  —  Ist,  Mr.  Moore, 
with  Black  Alicante,  medium  sized  bunches,  veiy 
well  coloured  ;  2d,  Mr.  Tomalin,  whose  bunches 
were  composed  of  large  berries,  but  a  shade  deficient 
in  colour. 

White  Grapes,  three  bunches.  — 1st,  Mr.  Moore, 
with  moderate  sized  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
well  coloured. 

Pears  were  well  shown.  With  six  varieties  Mr. 
Soulhoott  took  1st,  Mr.  Mitchell  being  2d. 

Apples,  six  dishes.— Ist,  Mr.  E.  Fuller,  who  had 
beautiful  fruit ;  2J,  Mr.  Souihcott,  whose  examples 
were  little  behind  those  of  his  opponent. 

Vegetables. 
Collection  of  not  more  than  twelve  sorts.— ist,  Mr 
Tormalin. 

Collection  of  Potatos.— ist,  M'.  Fuller. 

Cottagers'  Productions, 
in  the  shape  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots,  and  also 
cut  flowers,  with  collections  of  vegetables,  Sc,  occu- 
pied a  large  space,  and  very  well  shown,  especially 
the  more  useful  kinds,  such  as  Pjtalos,  Cabbages, 
O.iions,  and  Turnips, 


LINCOLN    CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

The  fourth  annual  exhibition  of  this  prosperous 
Society  was  held  in  the  Exchange  on  Tuesday  and 
Wednesday.  Nov.  16  and  17— the  best  yet  held  both 
as  to  numbers  of  entries,  and  excellence  of  quality. 
Mr.  Wipf,  gr.  to  C.  Clayton,  Esq.,  Eist  Cliff  House, 
arranged  a  grand  group  of  plants  in  the  centre  of  the 
room,  comprising  well  variegated  Crotons,  Orchids, 
Pitcher-plants,  &c.,  which  proved  the  centre  of 
attraction.  Messrs.  R.  Pennell  &  Son,  nurserymen, 
Lincoln,  had  also  a  large  bank  of  Chryanthesmum 
plants,  intermixed  with  Palms  and  (oliage  plants, 
besides  Ericas,  zonal  PeUrgoniums,  &c.  Mr.  Illman, 
nurseryman,  Netlleham  Road,  also  showed  Bouvaidias, 
cut  blooms,  &c. 

The  best  group  of  blooming  and  other  plants, 
arranged  for  effect,  w.is  from  Mr.  Foster,  gr.  to  H. 
Gi-esham,  Esq.  The  following  exhibitors  won  prizes 
(or  collections  :— Mr.  Brown,  gr.  to  S.  Lo*e,  E  q  , 
and  Mr.  Brailsfori. 

Cut  Blooms  :   Open  Classes. 

With  thitty-six  blooms,  eighteen  Japanese  and 
eighteen  incurved,  Mr.  E.  Thornton,  gr.  to  C.  E. 
Maill:et,  E-q  ,  was  1st,  showing  line  blooms  of 
Biron  Beust,  Lord  Wolseley,  and  Soleil  Levant; 
Mr.  Bugg,  gr.  to  W.  Ashley,  Esq.,  was  a  good  2d. 

For  twenty-four  incurved  Mr.  Bugg  was  again  1st, 
and  also  for  twenty  fiur  Japanese. 

In  class  4,  for  eighteen  blooms,  consisting  of  equal 
numbers  of  incurved,  reflexed,  and  Japanese,  Mr. 
Gill,  gr.  to  —  Oldham,  Esq.,  won  1st  prize,  having 
amongst  the  latter  a  grand  bloom  of  Madame  C. 
Audiguier. 

Mr.  Browne,  gr.  to  T.  C.  Bourne,  Esq.,  was  Ist 
for  twelve  blooms  incurved,  and  also  for  twelve 
blooms  Japanese.  Other  prizes  were  taken  by  Messrs. 
Bugg,  Mitchell,  Elder,  and  Btailsford. 

Tadle  Decorations. 

The  display  of  epergnes,  dinner-table  decorations, 
&c.,  was  exceptionally  good.  For  best  arranged 
energne  Miss  Pennell  was  1st,  and  Miss  M.  Hami.ion 
Holmes  a  good  2d  ;  and  for  best  arranged  dinner- 
table  decoration  the  same  ladies  won  priz;s  in  the 
same  order. 

Mr.  Ulman  was  1st  for  bouquets. 

Miscellaneous  Subjects. 

Mr.  Mitchell  exhibited  the  best  three  di>hes  of 
dessert  Pears  ;  and  for  six  heaviest  Pears  Mr.  W, 
Hare,  gr.  to  C.  Nevile,  Esq  ,  was  a  good  2i  in  the 
former  class. 

Mr.  Hare  also  had  the  best  black  Grapes,  and 
while  Grapes,  justly  receiving  the  Ist  prize  in  tach 
instance ;  and  also  for  the  collection  of  Grapes, 
where  Mr.  Crawford,  gr.  to  Colonel  Thorpe,  was  a 
good  2d. 

Dr.  G.  M.  Lowe,  Castle  Hill  was  Ist,  for  best  col- 
lection of  Ferns,  and  also  for  best  basket  Fern,  both 
being  excellent  exhibits. 

For  three  Orchids  in  bloom,  F.  M.  Burton,  Esq., 
was  the  best  exhibitor  ;  he  showed  fine  examples  of 
Vanda  ceerulea,  small,  but  well  flowered. 


November  27,  iSS6.' 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


695 


Many  minor  classes  must  be  omitted,  as  well  as 
thise  which  included  ptizss  for  Tree  Feras,  Cy 
cads,  &c. 

WINCHESTER:  Nov.  i6  and  17. 

The  Guildhall  was  filled  on  the  above  named  dates 
with  the  exhibits  at  the  Chrysanthemum  Soclely's 
fojrth  annual  exhibition.  It  was  the  best  of  the 
series,  and  a  great  improvement  has  taken  place  since 
lau  year's  show  in  the  specimen  plants  and  groups  of 
plants.  Grapes  were  staged  in  capital  condition  and 
lar^e  numbers,  so  were  Apples,  Pears,  and  vegetables. 
Cut  blooms  were  staged  in  large  numbers  and  of  fine 
quality. 

Plants  in  Pots. 

The  best  collection  of  Chrysanthemums  grjwn  in 
pots  occupying  a  space  of  S  by  6  feet,  was  staged  by 
Mr.  A.  Prouting,  gr.  to  Miss  Butler,  Winchester — 
the  plants,  both  Japanese  and  incurved,  having  large 
flowers,  the  arrangement,  too,  was  very  good;  2J,  F, 
C.  Birch,  Esq.,  Winchester. 

The  best  six  pUnts  of  Chrysanthemums  were  staged 
by  Mr.  Joy,  nurseryman,  Shirley,  Southampton,  who 
had  large  well  trained  specimens,  5  ti  6  feet  in 
diameter,  and  freely  flowered.  Mr.  Wills,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Pearce,  Bassett,  Southampton,  was  2J,  with 
good  plants. 

Mr.  Wills  was  1st  for  six  Japanese,  staging  fine 
plants  of  the  leading  varieties  ;  2d,  Mr.  Astride- 

Mr.  Joy  had  the  best  single  specimens  of  both 
incurved  and  Japanese,  with  fine  plants  of  Mrs.  Dixon 
and  Madame  Bertie  Rendatler ;  and  was  closely 
followed  by  Mr.  Will?. 

Fifteen  competitors  staged  plants  in  the  c'ass  for  six 
Chrysanthemums  (grown  within  five  miles  of  Wm- 
chester).  Mr.  J.  Waieham,  gr.  to  Mrs,  T.  Gunner, 
Winchester,  was  1st,  with  capital  plants. 

For  the  best  group  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged 
for  effect,  Mr.  Axford,  gr,  to  C.  M.  Shipley,  K.q  , 
Twyford  Moors,  Winchester,  received  the  highest 
award,  for  a  very  tastefully  arranged  group,  cbirac- 
t' rised  by  extreme  lightness.  Mr.  W.  Neville,  gr.  to 
F.  W.  Flight,  Esq.,  Cornstiles,  Twyford,  Winchester, 
was  a  close  2i  ;  while  Mr.  T,  Munt  was  a  good  3d. 

Mr.  Molyneux,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Myers,  Esq.,  Swan- 
more  Park,  Bishops  Waltham,  had  the  best  plants  for 
table  decoration. 

Cut  Blooms 
formed  the  chief  feature  of  the  show,  being  very 
numerous  and  good  in  q  nlity.  The  principal  class 
wis  one  for  twenty-four  distinct,  eight  to  be  Japanese, 
and  the  remainder  incurved  or  reflexed.  Mr.  Mily- 
neux  was  a  very  good  1st,  and  his  blooms  were  lar^e- 
siz:d,  and  of  g)od  substance  and  colour ;  Mr.  Neville 
was  2d,  with  smaller  but  neat  flowers. 

Class  9  was  for  twenty-foar  blooms,  in  not  less  than 
eighteen  varieties.  Mr.  Molyneux  was  here  again 
ahead  ;  Mr.  Biwerman,  gr.  to  C.  Hoare,  Esq  ,  Hack- 
wood  Park,  Basingstoke,  was  2d,  having  capital 
specimens  of  leading  sorts. 

For  twelve  incurved,  Mr.  Molyneux  again  led  the 
way  with  even  neat  specimens  of  the  leading  varie- 
ties ;  and  was  followed  by  Mr.  L.  Jennings,  gr.  to 
J.  Freeman,  Esq.,  Fount  Lodge,  Farnborough,  with 
creditable  flowers. 

Mr.  Molyneux  followed  up  his  previous  success  by 
taking  1st  honours  in  each  of  the  classes  for  twelve 
Japanese  blooms  ;  twelve  reflexed,  in  eight  varieties  ; 
and  for  twelve  Anemone  varieties. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  in  eight  varieties, 
open  to  those  not  competing  in  the  former  classes, 
there  were  seven  competitors,  Mr.  G.  Trinder,  gr.  to 
Sir  II.  Mildmiy,  Djgmersfield,  Winchfield,  showed 
best  ;  and  2d,  Mr.  Jennings. 

Mr.  Neville  staged  by  far  the  best  stand  of  pDm- 
pons. 

Miss  Flight  was  awarded  the  1st  prize  for  the  most 
tastefully  arranged  table  of  Chrysanthemums  and 
foliage,  with  a  charming  combination  of  single 
varieties. 

Fruit. 

Mr.  T.  Weaver,  gr,  to  W.  W.  B.  Beach,  Esq., 
M.P.,  Oakley  Park,  Basingstoke,  was  1st  for  three 
bunches  of  Grapes,  distinct  varieties,  staging  Muscat 
of  Alexandria  in  capital  condition,  Alicante,  fine  in 
bunch  and  berry,  and  well  finished  ;  Lady  Djwne's 
was  the  other  variety.  2l,  Mr.  Molyneux,  who  ran 
very  close,  staging  fine  samples  of  Birbarossa,  Ali- 
cante, and  Trebbiano  ;  3d,  Mr.  C.  Warden,  gr.  to 
Sir  F.  Bathurst,  Bart.,  Clarendon  Park,  Salisbury. 

For  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  Mr.  Molyneux 
was  an  easy  Ist,  staging  large,  shapely  bunches,  well 
coloured,  of  Barbarossa ;  2d,  Mr,  Bowerman,  with 
Alicante.     Seven  competitors  staged  in  this  class. 

The  best  two  bunches  of  while  Grapes  were  staged 
by  Mr.  Bowerman,  who  depended  upon  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  ;  Mr.  Weaver  was  a  close  2d. 

Mr.  Trinder  had  the  best  three  dishes  of  dessert 
an 3  also  of  kitchen  Apples;  also  the  finest  thiee 
dishes  of  Pears,  all  being  good  in  quality. 

Vegetables  were  extra  fine,  from  Mr.  Dauncey, 
Mr.  Lye,  and  Mr,  Kneller,  gr,  to  W.  Portal,  Esq., 
Basingstoke, 


PEMBROKESHIRE     CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM :    Nov.  17. 

This  Sjciety  held  its  show  in  the  Assembis  Rooms, 
Piembroke,  on  the  date  above  given.  Thi  weather, 
which  threatened  to  be  most  unfavourable  in  the 
morning,  fortunately  cleared  by  raid-day,  enabling 
the  lovers  of  fl]>vers  to  visit  the  show,  which  was 
well  patronised  throughout  the  day.  The  classes  for 
pot  plants  were  not  so  well  filled  as  was  anticipated, 
but  thDsc  for  cut  blooms  were  more  spiritedly  con- 
tested. 

The  class  for  a  group  in  a  space  8  feet  by  9  feet — 
prize  given  by  Earl  of  Cawdor — only  brought  out  two 
exhibitors,  Mr.  French,  gr.  to  Colonel  Saurm,  winning 
ist  honours  with  an  even,  well  grown  lot  of  plants. 
This  collection  was  closely  followed  by  one  from 
Mr.  Fisher,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Cawdor,  who  exhibited 
a  great  variety  of  the  most  popular  sorts  taken  from 
the  Stackpool  conservatories,  and  shown  without 
any  special  preparation.  This  collection,  being 
beautifully  flowered  and  arranged  was  deservedly 
admired. 

For  six  incurved  or  reflexed.  Colonel  Saurin  was 
again  1st,  staging  good  plants.  The  same  exhibitor 
also  showed  the  best  Japanese,  in  a  plant  of  Soleil 
Levant. 

The  cut  flowers  attracted  much  attention.  In  ths 
class  for  twenty-four  blooms,  Mr.  Dumble,  gr.  to 
Majir  Philipps,  Picton  Castle,  was  1st,  his  stand 
consisting  of  good  blooms  of  the  finest  varieties  ; 
Colonel  Lampton  taking  the  2d  prize,  with  blooms  of 
considerable  merit. 

For  twelve  bloom?,  Major  Philipps  was  again  to  the 
front;  2d,  Colonel  Lampton. 

A  splendid  collection  of  fruits,  vegetables,  and 
flowers,  not  for  competition,  came  from  the  Earl  of 
Cawdor,  and  was  much  admired. 

The  amateurs' and  cottagers' classes  were  well  con- 
tested, and  some  highly  creditable  exhibits  of  both 
plants  and  cut  blooms  were  shown. 

Great  credit  is  due  to  the  hon.  secretary,  Mr.  R.  H. 
Treweeks,  Pc:mbroke,  for  the  admirable  manner  in 
which  the  arrangements  were  carried  out. 


ASCOT    and    SUNNINGHXLL: 

Nov.  17  and  18, 

The  buildings  which  the  Jockey  Club  possess  at 
Ascot  are  utilised  for  one  great  racing  ceremony  only 
during  the  year,  but  being  kindly  granted  to  the 
committee  of  the  local  Chrysanthemum  Society  for 
their  annual  exhibition,  are  thus  utilised  far 
quite  another  and  to  many  a  more  pleasing  pur- 
pose. The  show  was  greeted  with  a  very  wet  morn- 
ing on  the  first  day,  but  later  it  became  very  pleasant, 

ia  the  entrance  corridor  were  placed  fine  large 
groups  of  the  customary  pattern,  containing  some 
rea'ly  superb  flowers  of  incurved  varieties  and  some 
fine  Japanese  kinds  came  from  Mr.  Hughes,  gr.  toD, 
F.  de  PaUvIcini,  E  q.,  Aicot,  while  Mr.  Lane,  gr,  to 
Miss  D.-ering  Smith,  had  the  best  grown  plants,  dwarf, 
finely  foliaged  and  flowered,  but  rather  pa^t  their 
best.  Other  good  groups  came  from  Mr.  Mead,  gr. 
to  A.  Magniac,  E.q.,  and  from  Mr.  Savage,  gr.  to 
Baron  Huddlestone.  In  this  place  a  fine  group  of 
Cnrysanthemums  effectively  fronted  with  small  foliage 
plants,  Heaths,  Ferns,  c\:c.,  was  arranged  by  Messrs. 
John  Standish  &  Sons,  Ascot ;  and  from  Messrs. 
Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  came  a  large  coileciion  of 
Potatos,  including  many  fine  and  handsome  seed- 
lings, backed  by  a  selection  of  Kales,  the  dwaif 
green  and  purple  kinds  being  specially  prominent. 

The  trained  plants  were  generally  very  good,  the 
best  six  cjming  from  Mr.  Lane,  and  were  about 
34  feet  over,  full  of  bloom.  These  were  Biuquet 
Fait,  Hiver  Fieur,  Mdlle.  Lacroix,  Prince  of  Wales, 
Golden  Christine,  and  Mrs.  Dixon.  Mr.  Savage  was 
2J,  with  plants  of  half  pyramidal  form,  while  Mr. 
Hughes  was  3i,  having  semi-standard  plants  well 
bloomed. 

Mr.  Lane  came  nt  with  three  fine  standards  of 
Mrs.  Dixon,  and  Gulden  and  White  Christine. 

The  best  six  pompons,  large  and  fairly  well  bloomed, 
included  good  Aurora  Borealis,  Salomon,  and  Queen 
of  Anemones.  Decorative  gronps  of  plants  were 
excellent,  the  best,  which  included  many  beautiful 
Calanthes,  Oncidiums,  Dendrobiums,  and  other  good 
Orchids,  elegantly  arranged  in  a  setting  of  Ferns, 
came  from  Mr.  Paul,  gr.  to  J.  D.  Bowring,  Esq  , 
Windsor  Forest.  Chinese  Primulas,  Solanums,  and 
table  plants  were  numerous  and  good. 

Cut  Flowers. 

A  class  for  eighteen  Japanese  and  same  number  of 
incurved  blooms  brought  six  competitors,  the  best 
being  from  Mr.  Tomlme,  gr.  to  T.  Ashby,  Esq., 
Sunninghill  ;  Mr.  Page,  gr.  to  A.  Southerd,  Eiq  , 
being  2d,  There  were  many  first-rate  blooms  in 
these  stands. 

The  open  class  for  sixteen  incurved  flowers  was 
also  a  good  one,  Mr.  Strong,  Wellington  College 
Gardens,  having  the  best  blooms.  Mr.  Hughes  had 
in  his  stand,  which  came  2d,  many  fine  blooms. 


Mr.  Lane  had  the  best  twelve  blooms  ;  Mr.  Tom- 
line  and  Mr.  Hibberd,  gr.  to  General  Thornhill,  were 
placed  equal  2d,  having  very  good  blooms. 

In  the  competition  for  six  of  one  kind,  the  finest 
were  from  Mr.  Cole.  Mr.  Tuailine  had  the  best 
twelve  refiexed  flowers.  Japanese  were  first-rate,  Mr, 
Page  having  a  very  strong  sixteen  ;  Mr.  Cole  was  2d 
with  really  very  fine  flowers.  Mr.  Lane  stood  1st 
with  twelve  blooms,  also  very  fine. 

The  class  for  six  blooms  was  well  contested,  whilst 
that  for  six  of  one  kind  brought  beautiful  Belie 
Pauline,  fine  Japonaise,  and  superb  J.  Delaux,  prizes 
going  in  this  order,  Mr.  Tomline  lad  the  finest 
Anemones. 

Fruit 
also  was  excellent,  Mr.  Lane  having  the  best  black 
Grapes  in  fin?  Alicantes  ;  and  Mr.  WlI's  was  3d  with 
beautiful  Cooper's  Black.  The  white  kmds  were  all 
fairly  good  Muscats.  Kitchen  and  dessert  Apples, 
and  beautiful  lits  of  Pears,  as  also  vegetables,  formed 
an  interesting  portion  of  the  show, 


HULL   AND    EAST   RIDING   CHRYSAN- 
THEMUM. 

Tub  annual  exhibition,  lasting  two  days,  of  the 
Hull  and  East  Riding  Chrysanthemum  Society  was 
opened  with  much  eclat  in  the  Artillery  Barracks, 
Park  Strict,  November  18.  The  inaugural  cere- 
mony was  performed  by  the  Mayor,  and  brought 
together  a  latge  and  influential  gathering.  The 
Society  has  reason  to  feel  proud  of  the  show,  which 
reflects  no  small  credit  upon  the  town  at  large.  A 
finer  collectio.i  could  hardly  be  seen  in  any 
part  of  the  country.  The  extensions  which  the 
Society  has  made  each  year  will,  if  continued, 
eventually  make  it  difficalt  for  the  committee  to  find 
adequate  accommodation.  Bat  notwithstanding  some 
drawbackiin  this  respect,  the  sc;ne  presented  in 
the  Artillery  Barracks  was  one  of  great  beauty. 
The  large  hall  contained  a  floral  array  of  equal 
interest  and  variety  to  the  horticultural  displays 
in  midsummer,  la  the  gun-room  the  fruit  and 
vegetable  exhibits,  and  the  remarkably  handsome 
assortment  of  bouquets,  ladies'  shoulder  sprays,  and 
fancy  floral  designs  otTered  charming  contrasts  upon 
which  the  eye  rested  with  pleasure.  The  repository 
room  was  filled  with  Chrysanthemums  in  pots,  several 
of  these  plants  being  of  unusual  proportions  and 
colouring.  The  southern  annexe  was  occupied  with 
tie  table  decoral  ons,  which,  shown  by  gaslight, 
looked  extremely  elegant.  The  great  attraction  of 
the  large  hall,  and  indeed  of  the  show,  was  the  dis- 
play of  cut  bloom;.  The^e  were  laid  out  upon  two 
long  tables,  which  extmded  nearly  tie  entire  length 
of  the  room.  They  were  as  conspicuous  for  varitty 
as  for  superiority  of  culture  in  si^',  quality,  and 
colour. 

In  the  class  for  forty-eight  cut  blooms  the  exhibits 
of  Mr.  William  Mease,  lit,  and  Sir  T.  Edwardes- 
Moss,  Bait.,  2d,  claimed  attention.  The  Challenge 
Vase,  offered  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Society  (NIr. 
G:;orge  Bohn),  was  taken  by  tie  former  gentle- 
man, but  the  competition  was  very  close.  Mr.  F. 
W.  Jameson,  of  Eistella,  was  another  of  the  most 
successful  ompetitors,  t'vvo  ist  and  two  2i  prizes  fall- 
ing to  his  share  in  this  section.  Mr.  Bohn  also 
secured  two  2d  prizes  and  one  y\.  A  it  premium 
also  fell  to  Mr.  Arthur  Wilson  for  twenty-four 
blooms  of  several  varieties,  including  twelve  Japanese. 
The  same  gentleman  secured  2i  honours  for  a  group 
of  Chrysanthemum;,  in  which  the  competitioi  was 
very  strong.  Mr.  George  Lawion,  Newland  Grove, 
was  the  winner  of  the  Is:  priz^  ia  the  la't;r,  and  with 
it  a  Silver  Challenge  Cup. 

In  the  open  classes  for  plants  in  pots.  Leu'.  Colonel 
Brooshooft  (»r.,  Mr.  A.  W.  S:anley)  had  the  most 
success,  carrying  olT  three  1st  prizes,  for  a  group  of 
Chrysanthemums,  for  six  ditto,  and  for  three  trained 
specimens.  In  this  department  Mr.  R.  Stamper, 
Thorngumbald,  would  have  taken  a  higher  position 
with  a  very  magnificent  plant,  containing  no  fewer 
than  20D  blooms,  but  for  the  fact  that  the  exhibit  had 
suffered  in  transit. 

To  Miss  E.  M.  Jameson  the  1st  prize  fell  for  table 
decorations,  and  this,  considering  the  keen  com- 
petition and  the  number  of  entrie?,  made  the  success 
of  that  lady  all  the  more  notabl:.  It  should  be  added 
that  a  piece  of  Challenge  Plate,  presented  by  the 
Chairman  of  the  Society,  accompanied  this  1st  priz\ 

The  amateur  class  for  cut  blooms  was  marked  by 
good  competition,  and  a  very  creditable  display  was 
made.  The  leading  exhibitor  was  Mr.  A.  W. 
Stanley,  of  Hull,  who  took  no  fewer  than  nine  Ist 
prizes,  as  also  one  or  two  2ds.  Mr.  E.  Goddard, 
Hull,  was  the  winner  of  the  largest  number  of  the  2d 
prizes  in  the  same  section. 

In  addition  to  the  prizes  already  mentioned  a  special 
Ist  priz;  was  given  to  Mr.  George  Collam,  jun.,  of 
Cottingham,  for  an  exhibit  of  three  plants  for  table 
decoration.  A  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  Thomas  Winkworth,  Childwall  Hall  Gardens, 
Liverpool,  for  the  Japanese  Chrysanthemum  Mr. 
Ralph  Brocklebank,  a  sport  from  Meg  Merrilies.     A 


696 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  i886. 


Marguerite  Cloth  of  Gold,  shown  by  Mr.  Robert 
Owen,  Floral  Nurseries,  Maidenhead,  was  Highly 
Commended. 

The  following  presented  special  prizes  for  compe- 
tition :— Mr.  N.  Davis,  Cambero-ell,  London  ;  Mr. 
T.  B.  Morton,  Djrlington  ;  Mr.  R  Owen,  Maiden- 
head ;  Mr.  E.  P.  Dixon,  Hull  ;  Messrs.  King  &  Co., 
Hull  ;  Mr.  Vnung,  Newland  Potteries,  Hull ;  Mr.  D. 
Toync,  Bridge  Street,  Hull  :  Mr.  E.  Wordsall.  Salt- 
house  Lane,  Hull  ;  Mr.  W.  E.  Martin.  Market 
Place,  Hull;  Messrs.  Barnett  &  Scott,  Whitefriar 
r.ate,  Hull  ;  Mr.  K.  Stamper,  St.  John  Street,  Hull  ; 
Mr.  W.  Benny,  Salthouse  Lane,  Hull  ;  Mr.  G. 
Nnrris,  Seaton  Street.  Hull  ;  Messrs.  T.  Kirk  &  Co., 
Whitefri.Tv  Gate,  Hull;  Messrs.  Barnby  &  Rust, 
Market  Place,  Hull. 

The  show  was  opened  by  the  Mayor  of  Hull, 
who  in  a  brief  speech  alluded  to  the  beauty  of 
the  show  and  to  the  sound  financial  position  of  the 
Society.  Several  ladies  acted  as  judges — an  innova- 
tion that  might  more  frequently  be  adopted  with 
advantage  at  horticultural  shows. 

A  First-class  Certificates  awarded  to  : — Mr.  Thos. 
Winkworth,  Childwall  Hall  Gardens,  Liverpool,  for 
Japanese  Chrysanthemum  Mr.  Ralph  BrocklebanV, 
a  sport  from  Meg  Merrilees. 

The  prize  list,  which  Mr.  Falconer  James  forwarded, 
is  omitted,  owing  to  our  want  of  space. 


Bute,  Chiswick  House  ;  and  Mr.  Roberts,  gr.  to  the 
Messrs.  Rothschild,  Gunnersbury  Park.  Good  selec- 
tions of  foliage  plants  were  contributed  by  Messrs. 
W.  Fromow  &  Sons  and  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co., 
Twickenham,  all  adding  much  to  the  general  eflfect. 
Floral  devices  were  shown  by  Messrs.  Martin  &  Co., 
Kensington  ;  and  Mr.  W.  Gardiner,  Bayswater  ;  Mrs. 
Mott,  Kensington,  showing  wreaths,  &c. 


Vegetables 

Capital  trays  of  these  were  shown,  honours  for 
which  fell  to  Messrs.  W.  Smith,  Mollison,  and 
Drinkwater.  The  former  also  competed  well  in  a 
special  class  provided  for  them. 

A  very  fine  Lemon  tree,  among  other  plants,  not 
for  competition,  was  noteworthy,  being  laden  with 
its  golden  fruit.  This  was  sent  by  Mr  G.  Parkinson, 
gr.  to  H.  Rawclifte,  Esq.,  Gillibrand  Hall.    T.  L. 


CHISWICK  HORTICULTURAL. 

The  second  autumn  exhibition  of  this  Society  took 
place  in  the  Vestry  Hall  on  the  iSth  inst.,  and 
was  in  every  way  a  success.  The  display  of 
Chrysanthemums,  although  somewhat  late  for  the 
exhibitors,  was  very  good. 

Groups. 
In  the  class  for  a  group  of  iChrysanthemums, 
arranged  in  a  space  noti  exceeding  60  square  feet. 
Messrs.  W.  Fromow  &  Sons,  Sutton  Court  Nurseries, 
Chiswick,  easily  took  1st  honours  with  a  very  even 
wellbloomed  lot,  arranged  lightly  and  elegantly, 
the  plints  themselves  showing  great  vigour  and 
strength.  Mr.  A  Wright,  gr.  to  E.  H.  Watts, 
Esq.,  Devonhurst,  Chiswick.  was  2d,  most  of  the 
popular  varieties  being  shown  well. 

Cut  Blooms. 

In  the  principal  class — that  for  twelve  incurved,  and 
twelve  Japanese — there  was  a  keen  competition,  seven 
competing,  the  1st  prize  being  awarded  to  Mr.  C. 
J.  Waite.  gr.  to  Col.  W.  P.  Talbot,  Glenhurst, 
Esher.  His  Japanese  blooms  were  very  fine  and 
especially  so  Mad.  C.  Audiguier,  Grandiflora, 
Comte  de  Germiny,  Tiiomphe  de  la  Rue  de 
Chalets  ;  incurved  —  Lady  Talfourd,  Barbara, 
Isabella  Bott.  Equal  2d  prizes  were  awarded  to  Mr, 
H.  Collyer,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Murrell,  The  Elms,  Ealing, 
and  Mr.  Long,  gr.  to  E.  B.  Ridges,  Esq.,  Orchard 
Dene,  Ealing.  Amongst  Mr.  Collyer's  best  we  noted 
Mons.  J.  Laing,  Baron  de  Prailly,  Mdlle.  Lacroix, 
Lord  Alcester,  John  Salter,  and  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Mr. 
Long  showed  good  blooms  of  Soleil  Levant,  Rosa 
Bonheur,  Mons.  Astorg,  Venus,  Golden  Eagle,  and 
(Guernsey  Nugget.  3d,  Mr.  E.  Chadwick,  gr.  to 
E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger  Hill  House,  Ealing, 
with  a  uniformly  good  stand. 

Mr.  Collyer  was  1st  for  six  reflexed,  and  also  for 
pnmpons ;  Mr.  Long  was  2d  in  the  former  class. 
These  two  exhibitors  also  took  several  other  prizes. 

Special  prizes  for  amateurs  were  offered  by  Mrs. 
Lee  for  twelve  Japanese  and  twelve  incurved,  the 
1st  prize  in  each  class  being  awarded  to  Mi.  W.  S. 
Larcomb,  stalionmaster,  Turnham  Green,  for  most 
creditable  flowers. 

Dinner-table  Plants. 

These  with  similar  subjects  were  largely  shown. 
Mr.  A.  Wright  and  Mr.  Waite  showed  well  here, 
receiving  prizes  as  their  names  stand. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables. 

There  was  a  fine  display  ;  Mr.  Hudson,  gr. 
to  H.  J.  Atkinson,  Gunnersbury  House,  Acton, 
taking  the  chief  prizes  for  Grapes  and  Apples,  show- 
ing in  the  former  good  bunches  of  Black  Alicante  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Other  prize-winners  were 
Messrs.  Waite  (1st  for  Pears),  E.  Chadwick,  A. 
Wright,  R.  Woods,  and  J.  Coomber. 

The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  staged  a  large 
collection  of  Apples  and  Pears  and  also  of  Grapes, 
consisting  of  well-known  kinds. 

Vegetables  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite, 
his  six  kinds  in  competition  for  prizes  offered  by 
Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons. 

Prizes  were  offered  for  Chrysanthemums,  vege- 
tables, &c.,  for  competition  amongst  cottagers,  which 
brought  out  a  very  creditable  display. 

Miscellaneous. 
Splendid  competitive  groups  of  Chrysanthemums 
were  shown  by  Mr.   May,   gr.    to  the   Marquis  of 


CHORLEY  CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 
Nov.  19  and  20. 
This  Society's  third  annual  show  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums, plants,  fruit,  and  vegetables,  on  the  above 
dates,  proved  a  remarkable  success.  The  spacious 
Town  Hall  was  well  filled  with  highly  meritorious  ex- 
hibits, the  open  and  gentlemen's  classes  bringing  ex- 
hibits from  a  considerable  distance,  and  the  amateurs' 
well  filled  classes  proved  their  interest  and  skill  in 
Chrysanthemum  growing. 

Groups 

were  a  leading  feature  in  the  open  class.  For  a  group 
of  Chrysanthemums,  arranged  for  effect,  Mr.  J.  Mol- 
lison, gr.  to  J.  Eckersley,  Esq.,  Burnt  House,  Adling- 
ton,  was  conspicuously  to  the  fore  ;  2d  and  3d  places 
were  taken  by  Mr.  G.  Smith,  gr.,  Ellerbcck  Hall, 
and  Mr.  G.  Park,  gr.  to  Lieut.-Col.  Faringlon,  of 
Wigan,  respectively,  with  fine  banks. 

Group  of  Ferns  arranged  for  effect.  —  1st,  Mr. 
Drinkwater,  gr.  to  Mrs  Baines,  Prospect  House, 
Wheelton  ;  2d,  Mr.  J.  Smith,  gr.  to  R.  Shackleton, 
Esq.,  Willnell  House,  whose  plants  were  decidedly 
better  than  the  1st  ;  also  were  those  placed  3d 
(Mr.  MoUison's),  but  more  closely  and  flatly  arranged. 

Groups  of  miscellaneous  plants,  arranged  for  effect, 
brought  out  but  two  competitors,  Mr.  G.  Park  being 
1st  with  a  tastefully  arranged  group,  which  included 
well  grown  Crotons,  Dracasnas,  Pandanus — all  brightly 
coloured  ;  a  well  flowered  plant  of  Clerodendron, 
Bilfourianum,  &c.  Mr.  J.  Harrison,  nurseryman, 
Chorley,  was  2d,  with  a  nice  group  of  mostly  small 
decorative  stuff. 

Messrs.  Morley  &  Co,  of  Preston,  were  1st,  with 
Carnations  and  Bouvardias. 

Mr.  Mollison,  1st,  with  Primulas  ;  Messrs.  G. 
Smith  and  G.  Park,  2d  and  3d. 

Mr.  G.  Smith  had  the  best  six  Cinerarias. 

Roman  Hyacinths,  six  pots.  —  1st,  Mr.  G.  Park. 

Mr.  J.  Harrison  had  1st  for  six  pots  of  Cyclamen. 

Table  plants  were  numerous  and  good.  Mr.  C. 
Jones,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Shaw,  Bolton,  took  1st,  being 
followed  closely  by  Messrs.  Mollison  and  E.  Thrupp, 
gr.  to  J.  Walmesley,  Esq.,  Wigan. 

Pot  Plants. 

Competition  was  very  keen.  For  six  plants,  three 
incurved  and  three  Japanese,  Mr.  Chappie  was  well 
1st,  his  best  being  Queen  of  England,  Countess  of 
Granville,  La  Nympheand  R.  Ballantine  ;  2l,  Mr.  G. 
Smith,  with  Lord  Wolseley,  Princess  of  Wales,  Comte 
de  Germiny,  Jardin  des  Plantes,  L'Incomparable, 
and  F.  A.  Davis  ;  3d,  Mr.  Dickinson,  gr.  to  J.  B. 
Cardwell,  Esq  ,  Whittle  Springs,  who  had  F.  A. 
Davis  and  Guernsey  Nugget,  very  good. 

For  three  plants,  Japanese,  reflexed  and  incurved, 
Mr.  G.  Smith  came  1st,  with  Comte  de  Germiny, 
Cullingfordi,  and  Mrs.  G.  Rundle  ;  2d,  Mr.  Chappie 
with  plants  exceedingly  good. 

Three  pompons.— Mr.  Chappie  1st,  with  Cedo 
Nulli.  white  and  lilac,  and  Golden  Mdlle.  Martha  ; 
Mr.  G.  Smith  2d,  and  Mr.  Dickinson,  whose  plants 
were  very  stiffly  trained,  3d. 

For  single  specimen,  pompons  excluded. — Mr. 
Chappie  was  a  capital  1st.  with  a  magnificent  plant 
of  La  Nymphe  ;  Mr.  G.  Smith  2d,  with  Mrs.  For- 
syth. 

Specimen  pompon.  —  1st,  Mr.  Mollison,  with  a  fine 
specimen  of  Sreur  Melaine  ;  2d,  Mr.  G.  Smith,  with 
Rosinante,  very  good. 

Cut  Blooms. 

This  was  exceedingly  good  and  theentries  numerous. 
Mr.  Chappie  was  awarded  1st  for  eighteen,  nine 
Japanese  and  nine  incurved  ;  Mr.  Jones  being  a  very 
close  2d,  with  several  splendid  blooms. 

Mr.  Jones  took  1st  for  twelve,  having  very  fine 
blooms. 

For  six.  Messrs.  Chappie,  Dickinson,  and  Mol- 
lison were  successful. 

Fruit, 
though  not  abundant,  was  very  fine.  Two  excellent 
bunches  of  Black  Alicante  won  for  Mr.  Mollison 
1st  honours  :  Mr.  Park  coming  2d  ;  and  for  scarcely 
less  meritorious  examples,  Mr.  W.  Smith,  gr. , 
Duxbury  Hall,  was  awarded  a  special. 

Mr.  W.  Smith  was  well  1st  for  white  Grapes,  with 
two  capital  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  ;  Mr. 
Thrupp  followed  with  Golden  Queen  ;  and  Mr. 
Parks  3d,  with  smaller  bunches  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria, 


NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 

Nov.   24. 

A  meeting  of  the  Floral  Committee  took  place  on 
the  above  dale,  when  a  considerable  number  of  flowers 
were  sent  for  inspection  and  certificates.  At  the  outset 
of  the  proceedings  it  was  unanimously  resolved  that 
for  the  future  when  any  new  variety  of  Chrysan- 
themum is  shown  by  more  than  one  exhibitor,  the 
Certificate,  if  awarded,  shall  be  given  to  the  one 'pro- 
ducing the  new  variety  in  its  best  form. 

Mr.  Martin,  Dartford,  sent  blooms  of  Japanese 
Chrysanthemum  Syringa,  pale  pink,  incurved,  large 
and  full  flower  (Commended). 

From  Mr.  Winkworth,  Liverpool,  came  a  fine 
golden  sport  from  Meg  Merrilies,  named  Mr.  R. 
Brocklebank,  large,  full,  and  fine,  and  regarded  as  one 
of  the  best  sports  of  the  year  (First-class  Certificate). 
From  Mr.  Sullivan,  gr.  to  D.  B.  Chapman,  Esq., 
Roehampton,  came  a  seedling  Japanese  named  D.  B. 
Chapman,  magenta,  regarded  as  a  very  fine  late 
variety,  large  and  full  (First-class  Certificate). 

From  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Tottenham,  came  Charles 
Halle,  a  hybrid  large  flowered  variety,  clear  pink  in 
colour,  tubular  petals  ;  Commended  as  likely  to  prove 
a  good  decorative  variety.  Also  lona,  an  incurved 
variety  of  a  deep  amber-brown  colour,  with  fimbriated 
petah.  and  Commended  as  a  fimbriated  variety.  From 
Mr.  W.  E.  Boyce,  nurseryman,  Holloway,  came 
pompon  Rubra  Perfecta,  rich  orange-crimson,  like  a 
small  Cullingfordi — the  shade  of  colour  between  that 
and  Julia  Lagravere  (First-class  Certificate)  ;  also 
Japinese  Citron,  bright  yellow,  promising,  but  only 
one  flower  was  shown. 

From  Mr.  Mizen,  of  Mitcham,  came  a  pale  golden 
incurved  flower,  said  to  be  a  sport  from  Jeanne  d'Arc, 
the  flower  of  excellent  build,  and  regarded  as  a 
valuable  late  variety  (First-class  Certificate). 

Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  nurserymen.  Forest  Hill, 
sent  several  new  Chrysanthemums,  but  as  single 
blooms  only  were  produced,  they  could  not  be  dealt 
with. 

From  Mr.  R.  Owen,  nurseryman.  Maidenhead, 
came  pompon  Osiris,  dark  amber  flushed  with  rose 
at  the  base  ;  a  very  pleasing  well  formed  flower 
(First-class  Certificate)  ;  Petro  Diaz,  bright  reddish- 
chestnut,  large,  full,  and  finely  reflexed  (First-class 
Certificate  as  a  Japanese  variety)  ;  Japanese  Dr. 
Crevaux,  rosy-carmine,  shading  to  while,  white 
reverse,  distinct  in  colour,  but  said  to  be  a  tall 
grower.  Chrysanthemum  coronarium.  Cloth  of  Gold, 
single  (Commended  for  its  good  form  and  colour). 

From  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  nurserymen, 
Swanley,  came  a  large  number  of  new  varieties,  the 
most  striking  of  which  were  incurved  La  Gracieuse, 
silvery  pale  pink,  very  promising,  but  one  flower 
only  shown  ;  single  Jap.anese,  Marigold,  bright  red. 
with  streaks  of  white,  and  yellow  centre,  very  pretty 
and  distinct  (First-class  Certificate)  ;  large-flowered 
Anemone,  Mrs.  W.  Holmes,  delicate  blush,  not  so 
deep  in  colour  as  Prince  of  Anemones,  very  pretty 
and  good  (First-class  Certiflcate)  ;  Japanese  L'Or  du 
Japon,  crimson  and  gold,  paler  centre,  good  substance 
and  petal  (First-class  Certificate). 

From  Mr.  Kendall,  Roehampton,  came  Japanese 
Moonlight,  with  large  incurved  white  flowers  of  the 
character  of  those  of  Madame  C.  Audiguier  (First- 
class  Certificate. 


RECENT   CHRYSANTHEMUM    SHOWS. 

Brighton  and  Hove.— The  exhibition  of  the 
Brighton  and  Hove  Society  took  place  on  Novem- 
ber 16 — 17,  and  was  said  by  competent  persons  to 
have  been  the  best  yet  seen  in  the  Pavilion.  The 
plants  fell  under  two  categories— groups  and  trained. 
In  the  former  class  Mr.  J.  Miles,  of  the  Bristol  Nur- 
series, Kemp  Town,  secured  the  1st  place,  and  a 
gardener,  Mr.  Bunney,  of  Denny  Park,  the  2d.  In 
the  latter  class  Mr.  Hill,  gr.  to  M.  Wallis,  Esq., 
Willideane,  was  the  winner  of  the  highest  prize. 
In  cut  blooms  Mr.  Gore,  gr.  to  Captain  Taylor, 
Glenleigh,  Hastings,  took  the  premier  prize  in  the 
4S's.  Mr.  Russell,  gr.  to  Dr.  Lewis,  took  the  1st 
prize  for  the  twenty-four  incurved  flowers.  A  con- 
siderable amount  of  plants  which  may  be  classed  as 
miscellaneous  were  shown,  consisting  of  the  usual 
subjects  found  at  these  autumn  exhibitions — all  nice, 
but  nothing  novel.  Messrs.  Balchin  &  Sons,  and 
Mr.  G.  Miles  added  much  to  the  attractiveness  of  the 
saloons  by  the  liberal  use  of  plants  and  flowers  in 
various  positions.  Fruit  and  vegetables  were  shown 
in  capital  style,  the  prizes  chiefly  (ailing  to  the  local 


November  27,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


697 


gardeners.  Mrs.  J.  Binns  showed  her  pretty  framed 
bouquets  of  flowers,  Ferns,  &c.,  receiving  a  Certi- 
ficate and  Commendation. 

Eastbourne  :  Nov.  22,  23. 
This  Society  has  been  this  year  inspired  with  new 
life  by  the  efforts  of  Mr.  W.  Jupp,  Torfield  Old  Town 
who,  assisted  by  an  energetic  committee  and 
guarantee  fund,  subscribed  by  gentlemen  of  the  town 
and  vicinity,  was  enabled  to  offer  a  very  enticing 
schedule  to  growers.  The  result  was  an  excellent 
show,  and,  as  the  weather  was  fair  during  the  days 
it  was  open,  the  returns  were  all  that  reasonable 
people  could  desire.  Groups  were  a  telling  feature, 
and  were  full  and  pleasing,  without  being  formal, 
Mr.  E.  Hemsley,  gr.  to  A.  Dore,  Esq.,  Arundel, 
taking  the  1st  prize.  Mr.  Goie,  of  Glenleigh, 
Hastings,  took  Ihe  lion's  share  of  the  prizes  in  the 
bigger  classes.  Fruit,  vegetables,  Potatos,  and  Tea 
Roses  from  Mr.  Jupp's  garden  formed  the  other  items 
of  interest, 

York  Ancient  Florists  :  Nov.  17,  18,  19. 

This  was  the  seventh  annual  meeting  of  the  Society, 
and  owing  to  the  manner  in  which  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum growers  responded  to  the  invitation  given,  it 
proved  a  very  successful  one.  Cut  flowers,  especially 
the  incurved  section,  showed  much  improvement  over 
former  years,  and  moreover  the  woiking-man  amateurs 
came  to  the  front  in  an  admirable  manner. 

What  is  of  equal  importance  with  anything  men- 
tioned above,  the  attendance  was  large,  for  we  all 
know  that  when  gate  money  is  abundant  the  duties 
of  officials  are  considerably  lightened,  and  com- 
petitors put  on  Ihe  smile  of  satisfaction. 

Mr.  Mcintosh,  gr.  to  J.  T.  Huyton,  Esq.,  Clifton 
House,  York,  took  the  highest  honours  in  the  group 
class,  and  also  in  the  mixed  Chrysanthemum  group, 
where  toliage  plants  are  allowed  j  a  more  common-sense 
method  of  showing  the  beauties  of  the  flower  than 
the  commoner  one  seen  at  almost  all  other  shows. 
The  Silver  Cup  given  by  the  Lord  Mayor  of  York 
accompanied  the  latter  prize.  In  a  smaller  eroup 
Mr.  Everard,  gr.  to  Jlr.  Gutch,  Holgate,  York, 
took  1st  prize,  as  also  in  the  class  for  nine  in- 
curved and  rellexed  plants.  In  the  class  for  six 
plants  of  Japanese  varieties,  Mr.  T.  Smith  won  1st 
honours  with  splendidly  bloomed  specimens.  In  the 
cut-bloom  classes  the  highest  award  for  thirty-six  fell 
to  Mr.  Falcard,  gr.  to  W.  B.  Richardson,  Esq., 
The  Mount,  York,  who  took  likewise  the  1st  in  the 
class  for  twelve  incurved  flowers,  and  Mr,  Short,  gr. 
to  A.  Pease,  Esq.,  Darlington,  took  1st  for  an  equal 
number  of  reflexed  kinds. 

A  collection  of  130  varieties  was  shown  by  Mr. 
Morton,  nurseryman,  of  Darlington,  the  piize  awarded 
lor  which  was  a  tea-service.  Stove  and  greenhouse 
added  further  attractiveness  to  the  show  ;  and  fruit  and 
vegetables  were  well  and  plentifully  shown,  com- 
petitors being  stimulated  by  the  hope  of  securing  the 
different  special  prizes  of  value  offered  by  the 
committee. 


measurements  of  the  spores  on  which  so  much  stress 
is  laid.  To  the  Bath  Natural  History  Society  Mr. 
Broome  contributed  an  excellent  list,  with  critical 
notes  on  the  species  of  fungi  found  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  that  city.  Of  late  years  Mr.  Broome  made 
visits  in  November  to  Epping  Forest,  often  in  com- 
pany with  Mr,  W.  G.  Smith,  and  provided  with  a 
short-handled  rake  and  other  tools  for  disinterring 
fungi. 

Mr.  Broome  took  great  interest  in  the  "  resting- 
spore  "  question  o  the  Potato  fungus,  and  for  two 
years  supported  Mr.  Worthington  Smith's  views  as  to 
the  resting-spore  of  Phytophthora  infestans.  He 
preserved  the  decaying  foliage  and  kept  it  under 
frequent  observation,  specimens  being  mounted  by 
the  Rev.  J.  E.  Vize.  His  experiments  and  observa- 
tions led  him  to  agree  in  the  views  taken  by  Mr. 
W.  G.  Smith,  and  to  question  the  deductions  of 
De  Bary.  Mr.  Broome  had  previously  detected 
the  restingspores  of  an  allied  fungus  attacking 
Turnips  (Peronospora  parasitica),  as  mentioned  by 
Mr.  Berkeley  in  these  columns,  1854,  p.  724.  -Mr. 
Broome  had,  in  addition  to  a  special  knowledge  ot 
fungi,  a  good  general  knowledge  of  plants  both  wild 
and  cul'ivated,  and  his  tastes  were  those  ol  a  man  of 
culture  and  refinement,  his  conduct  that  of  a  high- 
minded,  albeit  too  diffident,  gentleman. 


STATE  OF  TIIEWEATHERA7  BLACKHEATH,  LONDON 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesdav,  Novembfr  a^,  1886. 


C.    E.    BROOME. 

In  our  last  number  we  briefly  alluded  to  the  death 
of  this  amiable  and  accomplished  botanist.  His 
retiring  disposition  made  him  averse  from  publicity, 
and  consequently,  save  by  his  immediate  friends, 
little  is  known  of  his  career.  We  believe  that  his 
name  first  occurred  as  an  author  in  conjunction  with 
that  of  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley,  in  the  Annals  of 
Natural  History  for  October,  1848.  Previously  to 
that  he  had  communicated  to  Mr.  Berkeley  descrip- 
tions or  specimens  of  many  underground  fungi  allied 
to  Truffles,  which  Mr.  Berkeley  commented  on  in  the 
Annals  of  Natural  History  for  May,  1S44.  In  this 
publication  many  species  of  Truffles  are  recorded  for 
the  first  time  as  British.  Mr.  Broome's  connection 
with  Mr.  Berkeley  as  an  illustrator  of  fungi  he,^an 
systematically  in  1S50  in  the  publication  just  named, 
and  was  continued  up  to  1881,  since  which  time 
similar  contributions  by  both  authors  have  been  made 
to  Grcuillea. 

Mr.  Broome's  devotion  to  fungi  took  origin  from 
having  seen  a  fungus  protruding  from  the  ground. 
The  specimen  was  collected  and  sent  to  Mr.  Berkeley 
for  identification,  and  if  we  are  correct  in  our  recol- 
lection the  species  proved  to  be  either  entirely  new  to 
science,  or  at  any  rate  new  to  Britain.  Stimulated 
by  this  lucky  find,  Mr.  Broome  continued  his 
researches,  and  by  careful  "raking"  succeeded  in 
adding  to  the  list  nearly  all  the  species  of  Truffle 
and  allied  plants  now  known  to  be  members  of  our 
Flora.  Mr.  Broome's  researches  were  not  confined 
to  the  fungi  of  this  country,  but  embraced  those  of 
other  countries,  the  results  being  almost  invariably 
published  conjointly  with  Mr.  Berkeley.  Mr.  Broome 
also  undertook  much   of   the   tedious  and   irksome 


Hygrom.. 

Tical    De- 

Barometer. 

HE  Air. 

from 
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-28358 

92 

N.E. 

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3044 

-1-0.7641.528.0 

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N.E. 

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93 

N.E. 

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Mean  130.24 

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'"V""!-  ■•' 

37.[ 

93 

N.E. 

o.<3 

Nov.  18.— Fine  and  bright  ;  dry  throughout. 

—  ig. — Thin  mist  at  9  a.m.  ;  fine,  but  dull  afterward*. 

—  20.— Bright  in  morning,  dull  afternoon  ;  fine  night. 

—  21.— Slight   showers  in  morning,  frequently  very  dark  ; 

dull  and  overcast  afteinoon. 

—  22.— Thick  fog  in  morning  ;  fine  and  bright  afternoon. 
_     23.— Dense  cold  fog  till  i  P.M.;  temperature  at  r  r.M.. 

33°  ;  at  2  P.M.,  4t'.5,  the  maximum  of  the  day  ; 
fog  asain  at  night. 

—  2(. -Dense    cold  fog  till  12  a.m.  :  fine  and   bright  at 

r  1-  M.;  fog  again  in  afternoon. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  20,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29. 48 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29  61  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  14th,  decreased  to  29.49 
inches  by  the  afternoon  of  the  15th,  increased  1029  71 
inches  by  4  P.M  on  the  i6tb,  decreased  to  29. 38 
inches  by  the  morning  of  the  I7ih,  increased  lo  30  39 
by  the  morning  of  the  20th,  and  was  30.36  inches  at 
the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.84  inches,  being 
0,33  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.09  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— Tiit  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  54°  on  the  15th  and  20th  ;  the 
highest  on  the  l8ih  was  47°.  2.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
high  day  temperatures  was  51°.!. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  29°-2  on  the  19  h  ; 
the  lowest  on  the  1 6th  was  46°.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  37°.  9. 

The  greatffit  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
23°  on  the  20lh  ;  the  smallest  on  the  l6th  was  2°. 5. 
The  mean  ol  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  13°.  2. 

The    mean  daily  temperatures  were  46°.  3  on  the 


14th,  48°.6  on  the  15th,  46°.7  on  the  i6th,  47°  on 
the  17th,  42°. I  on  the  i8th,  39°.8  on  the  igtb,  and 
44° .9  on  the  20th.  These  were  all  above  their 
averages  with  the  exception  ot  the  19th,  which  was 
2°  below,  by  3^.8,  6°.  3,  4°.  5,  5°.o,  o°.2  and  3°.  2 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  45°- '• 
being  3°.  2  higher  than  last  week,  and  3°  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  83°  on  the  17th.  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  69*. 

Rain.—Rixa  fell  on  four  days  to  the  amount  ol 
0.45  inch. 

England:  Temperature.— 'Dm\t\g  the  week  end- 
ing November  20,  the  highest  temperatures  were  57° 
at  Truro,  56°.5  at  Cambridge,  and  56°  at  Newcastle  ; 
the  highest  at  Sunderland  was  50°,  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton 52°.  I,  and  at  Preston  53°.  The  general  mean 
was  54°. 4. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Blackheath,  29°.2, 
at  Hull  3)°,  and  at  Cambridge,  30°.!  ;  the  lowest  at 
Truro  was  40°,  at  Liverpool  39.°.!,  and  at  Bradford 
and  Pieston  38'.     The  general  mean  was  34°. 5. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Cam- 
bridge, 26°.4,  at  Blackhealh  24.°8  and  at  Hull  24  °( 
the  least  ranges  were  15°  at  Preston,  15°.  I  at  Brad- 
ford, and  16'  at  Sunderland.  The  general  mean  was 
1 9°.  9. 

The  mean  ol  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at' Truro  55. °6,  at  Plymouth  54°.!,  and  at 
Bristol  52°. 7  ;  and  lowest  at  Sunderland,  47°-ti  »' 
Wolverhampton  4S°.3,  and  at  Preston  48°.4.  The 
general  mean  was  50°.  8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  45°.7,  at  Plymouth,  43°'6'  »■"* 
at  Liverpool,  42°.  2  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Hull  36°  4, 
at  Sunderland,  36°.8,  and  at  Wolverhampton,  37" 
The  general  mean  was  40^.  I. 

The  mean  daily  range  was  greatest  at  Blackheath 
and  Newcastle  13°. 2,  and  at  Cambridge  I2°.8  ;  and 
least  at  Preston,  6°.7,  at  Bradford  7°. I,  and  at  Liver- 
pool 8°. 8.     The  general  mean  was  io°.7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  5o°.2, 
at  Plymouth  48°.  5,  and  at  Bristol  46^.5  ;  and  lowest 
at  Sunderland,  41°. 6,  at  Wolverhampton  42. °2,  and 
at  Hull  42°  4.     The  general  mean  was  45°.  I. 

jf<j!B.— The  largest  falls  were  1.20  inch  at  Brighton, 
o  86  inch  at  Truro,  and  0.65  inch  at  Plymouth  ; 
Ihe  smallest  falls  were  0.09  inch  at  Sunderland, 
and  o  14  inch  at  Bradford  and  Newcastle.  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0  40  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature.— Dm'mg  the  week  end- 
ing November  20,  the  highest  temperature  was 
57°.5  at  Glasgow  ;  the  highest  at  Dundee  was  53°.3. 
The  general  mean  was  55°  4. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  29°.4  at  Glasgow  ; 
the  lowest  at   Leith  was  37°.  3.     The  general   mean 

'"'■^  33°- 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley,  45  .7  ; 
and  lowest  at  Perth,  4l°.2.  The  general  mean 
was  43°  4. 

Kam.  —  The   largest    fall     was     2  02  inches    at 
Greenock;     the    smallest    fall    was    031     inch    at 
Edinburgh.     The  general  mean  fall  was  0.82  inch. 
JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


AuGUSTE  VAN  Geert.— We  greatly  regret  to 
have  to  announce  the  death  of  one  of  the  famous 
horticulturists  of  Ghent,  Auguste  van  Geert,  who  died, 
somewhat  suddenly,  on  November  24,  at  the  age 
of  68.  M.  van  Geert  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Gtieot  horticuhure.  He  was  the  son  of  Jean  van 
Geert,  the  associate  of  Verschaftelt  and  van  Houlte. 
Auguste  van  Geert  at  the  early  age  ol  twelve 
years  entered  the  establishment  of  Messrs.  Knight 
&  Perry  at  Chelsea,  the  predecessors  of  the  Messrs. 
Vcitch,  and  soon  entered  into  relations  with 
the  Loddiges,  the  Rollissons,  the  Lows,  and  other 
famous  English  horticulturists  of  the  day.  Scarcely 
more  than  a  fortnight  since  Auguste  van  Geert  took 
part,  in  apparently  good  health,  in  the  jubilee  festival 
of  his  son-in-law,  Edouard  Pynaert.  M.  Auguste 
van  Geert  had  been  ailing  for  some  years,  but  his 
sudden  death  has  come  as  a  surprise  and  a  profound 
grief  to  his  friends.  Of  late  years  M.  van  Geert 
took  great  interest  in  the  culture  of  Orchids,  of  which 


698 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  1886, 


he  had  a  large  private  collection.  M.  van  Geert  occupied 
a  foremost  place  in  Belgian  horticulture,  and  received 
many  testimonies  from  his  friends  and  from  the 
Government  which  evinced  the  esteem  in  which  he 
was  held.  We  were  ourselves  witnesses,  on  one 
occasion,  of  a  touching  scene,  in  which  his  daughter, 
Madame  Pynaert  van  Geert,  offered  her  congratula- 
tions to  her  father  on  an  occasion  when  her  father  was 
the  recipient  of  some  state  honour,  and  which  made 
a  great  impression  on  us  at  the  time,  as  being  so  very 
un-English,  and  yet  so  thoroughly  appropriate  on  both 
sides. 


®nquin«3. 


*'  He  that  questioneth  much  shall  learn  mitch." — Bacon. 

ToMATOS. — Has  any  grower,  or  firm  of  growers,  in 
England  produced  looo  tons  of  Tomatos  in  a  single 
year?  Sceptic. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE. —Members  of  the  Trade  will 
oblige  \>7  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
Interest,  Cultural  or  Commercial.  Short  notes  of 
daily  experience  are  what  are  most  useful. 


Ants  in  Hothouses  ;  L.  Use  carbolic  acid  or  para- 
fine,  or  trap  them  with  treacle. 

Bee  Orchis  :  A.  T.     Ophrys  apifera. 

British  Plants  Illustrated  :  J  G.  Handbook  o, 
the  British  Flora,  by  G.  Bentham  (L.  Reeve  &  Co., 
5,  Henrietta  Street,  London),  price  I2J. ;  Uliistrations 
of  the  British  Flora,  by  W.  H.  Fitch  and  W.  G. 
Smith,  a  companion  to  the  above,  published  at  same 
office  as  the  first  given. 

Chrysanthemum  :  A,  E.  We  cannot  undertake  to 
name  florists'  flowers.  Send  to  a  grower  of  these 
plants. 

Cloches  :  "j.  \V.  Vou  would  probably  get  them  from 
).  B.  Robmson,  14,  Moor  Lane,  Cripplegate,  E.G.,  or 
Deane  &  Co.,  46,  King  William  Street,  London  Bridge, 
E.C.  The  firm  you  mention  may  have  ceased  to 
exist. 

Datura  :  J.  S.  C.  We  strongly  advise  you  not  to  use 
this  for  pickles. 

Dewar's  Red  Beet  :  R.  D.  In  our  article  on  Messrs. 
I.  Wrench's  trial  grounds  last  week  it  was  stated  that 
the  above-named  Beet  is  identical  with  Nutting's  ; 
but  this,  we  are  informed,  is  not  so— it  differs  in  size, 
colour,  and  flavour. 

Fungus  :  G.  P.,  York.  Zylaria  hypoxylon,  not  uncom- 
mon about  stumps. 

Grafting- Wax  :  A'.  Try  a  mixture  of  four  parts  of 
resin,  three  of  bee's-wax,  and  three  of  lard,  melted 
and  mixed. 

Insects  :  W.  B.  Your  Primulas  and  Taxifrages  are 
attacked  by  the  larvae  of  the  weevil  (Otiorhynchus 
sp.).  Repot  and  sift  the  earth  (which  should  be 
baked.).  It  destroys  the  grubs,  easily  seen;  water 
with  strong  solution  ot  ammoniacal  liquor  and  common 
salt.  A  liandful  of  fresh  gas-lime  may  be  mixed  with 
the  earth.  /.  O.   W. 

Juniper:  G.  D,  The  needle-like  foliage  occurs  on  all 
young  Junipers,  and  sometimes  occurs  also  on  the 
older  branches.  It  is  a  natural  phenomenon,  and  has 
nothing  to  do  with  grafting. 

Moss  Roses  for  Market  ;  C  F.  The  common  Moss, 
the  prolific  Moss,  Mossyde  Meaux,  old  White  Bath. 
The  National  Rose  Society  issue  the  Rosarians  Year 
Book,  edited  by  the  Rev.  H.  H.  D'Ombrain.  Hon. 
Secretary  (London  :  Bemrose  &  Sons,  Old  Bailey,  and 
Derby).  One  of  the  best  works  on  Roses  is  the 
Rose  Garden,  by  W.  Paul  {Kent  &  Co.,  23,  Pater- 
noster Row). 

Names  of  Fruits  :  Errata— G.  H.  B.  For  "Naknon," 
read  Not  known. — James  Hopkins.  For  "  Regnier," 
read  Rymer.  —  Daison.  Doyenn^  du  Cornice.  — 
A.R.L.  Napoleon.— C.  F.  5.  Beurr*:' Diel.— /^.  &*^. 
D.  &>  Sons.  I,  Beauty  of  Kent  ;  2,  Golden  Noble.— 
Old  Subscriber.  5,  Cox's  Orange  Pidpin  ;  6,  Ord's 
Apple  ;  8,  Scarlet  Nonpareil  ;  9.  Golden  Pearmain  ; 
10,  French  Crab. — H.  M.  H.  Nelson's  Glory  is  a 
synonym  of  Warner's  King.  Lord  Derby  is  true. 
Cox's  Orange  is  King  of  the  Pippins.  The  others  are 
not  recognised  ;  4  and  6,  most  probably  cider  fruits. 

Names  of  Plants  :  W.  S.  C.  P.  1,  next  week  ;  2, 
Salvia  cacaliaefolia  ;  3,  S.  leucantha  ;  4,  S.  Grahami 
var. ;  5,  S.  Grahami  purpurea. — M.  Y.  Your  cones 
are,  we  believe,  from  a  variety  of  Pinaster  which 
sometimes  produces  solitary  cones.  Can  it  be  the 
variety  Lemoniana?  If  so,  the  habit  would  be  6.\s- 
Wnci.— Old  Subscriber.  Should  know  better  than  to 
pack  his  specimens  in  cotton  wool,  and  to  omit  affixing 
numbers  to  them.  One  with  berries  is  the  Cockspur 
Thorn,  Cralsegus  crus-galli  ;  another  is  a  variety  of  the 
common  Elm,  Ulmus  campestris,  while  the  oblong 
entire,  gieen  leaves  are  those  of  the  Wig  plant,  Rhus 
cotinus. — R.  M.  Probably  one  of  the  forms  of  Pinus 
Laricio.  The  Vaccinium-like  plant  seems  to  be  Andro- 
meda calyculata. 
The  Largest  Orchard  in  England  Occupied  by 
ANV   One   Tenant  :    Enquirer.    Lord    Sudely,    at 


Toddington,  in  Gloucestershire,  is  believed  to  have 
the  largest  fruit  farm  in  England. 

Tobacco  Culture  in  the  South  Pacific  :  J.  H. 
Warnford  Lock  on  the  Culture  of  Tobacco,  and 
Semann's  great  vjox)s.— Flora  Vitiensis.  There  is  no 
small  Flora  of  Fiji  that  we  know  of. 

*»•  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  ** Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  paper  and  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

^^  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

DiCKSONS  &  Co.,  I,  Waterloo  Place,  Edinburgh,  N.B.— 

Forest  Trees,  Shrubs,  &c. 
Wood  &  Ingram,  Huntingdon  and  St.  Neots— Nursery 

Stock,  Trees,  &c. 
Garlies    Mitchell,    Stranraer,    N.  B.  —  Forest    and 

Ornamental  Trees,  Roses,  &c. 
F.    C.   Heinemann,   Erfurt,    Germany  —  Novelties  for 

1886-87. 
E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son,  Maida  Vale,  London,  W.— 

Fruits,  Roses,  Trees,  &c. 
Martin    Grashoff,     Quedlinburg  —  Extract     from 

Wholesale  Trade  List. 
D.  S.   Thomson    &  Sons,   Wimbledon  —  Roses,    Fruit 

Trees,  &c. 
Robert   Owen,  Castle  Hill.   Maidstone— rhrysanthe- 

mums. 


Comml'N'ications  Received: — Count  Kerchove  de  Deuter- 
ghem.-Sir  J.  W.-W.  G.  S  — E.  P.— C.  W.  D.-H.  Corre- 
von.— E.  Tonks.— A.  Bleu,  Paris. -J.  G.  B.— A.  M.  C  — 
Dr.  Sorauer,  Proskau.  —  Prof.  Sargent,  Boston,  U.S.  — 
Lucien  Linden,  Ghent.— C.  Naudin.  Antibes.— J.  T.  B.— 
A.  J.  S.  W.  (acknowledged  with  thanks).— J.  T.— I.  P.— 
C.  Young  and  J.  R.  Box  {next  week).— A.  O.-G.  E.  F.— 
M.  T.-A.  H.-T.  S.-W.  C— J.  B.-H.— J.  G.-L.  and 
B.— W.  C— W.  T.  &  Sons— I.  F.— J.  A.— H.  J.  Ross.— 
Florence.— G.  F.  W.— J.  A.— J.  S.— Ed.  Chemist  and 
Druggist. 


larkets* 


COVENT   GARDEN,    November  25. 

No  alterations  to  quote.    Business  quiet.  James  Web' 
ber.   Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit. — Average  Wholesa 


Apples,  ^-sieve 
Grapes,  per  lb. 
Kent  Cobs,  100 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  4  o- 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ..  06-. 

Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  o- 

Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  o  4-  . 

Carrots,  per  buncli..  o  6- 

Cauliflowcrs, perdoz.  3  o- 

Celery,  per  bundle.,    i  6-  : 

Cucumbers,  each     ..06-: 

Endive,  per  dozen  . .   i  o-  : 

Herbs,  per  bunch    ..04- 

Leeks,  per  bunch   ..03-, 

Lettuce,  per  dozen.,  i  o-  : 

Potatos  :  —  Kent  Regents,  8ar.  to  100^.  ;  Schooln 

Beauty  of  Hebron,  loos.  ;  Magnums,  60^.  to  8o.r.  per  t 

Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  pRicas 


punnet        ..  ..  o  4-  .. 

Onions,  per  bushel..  30-.. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  30-.. 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ..    4  o-  5  < 

„  kidney,  per  cwt  4  o-  5  < 
Shallots,  per  pound..  03-.. 
Spinach,  per  bushel  50-., 
Tomatos,  per  tb.  ..  i  o-  i  ■ 
Turnips,  bunch        . .  04-  . . 


7oi. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  a-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz,  ..  9  0-12  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-18  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  terminalis, 
per  dozen  . .  . .30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz..  12  0-24  o 
Epiphyllum,  dozen..  18  0-30  o 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...    9  0-12  o 

—  hyemalis,  doz.  ..18  0-24  o 

—  regeiminanSjdoz.  8  0-12  o 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6 

Ficus  elastica  each.,  i 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Marguerite       Daisy, 

Mignonette,  per  doz.  4 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz.  . .  3 
Primula  sinensis,do2.  4 
Solanums,  per  dozen  9 


6-21  6 

o-  6  c 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  . . 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Camellias,  12  blooms 
Carnations,  12  bims. 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms. 
—  12  bunches 
Eucharis,  per  dozen 
Gardenias,  12  blooms 
Heliotrope, 


las 


Lapageria,  red.  12  bl.  : 
—  white,  12  blooms  : 
Lilium     longiflorum, 

12  blooms 

Marguerites,   per  12 

bunches     ..  ..   ; 

Mignonette,  12  bun. 


Primulas,    single,    12 

Pyreihrums,  12  bun,  : 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.    1 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  i 

—  red.  French,  doz.   i 

—  Saffrano,  Fr..doz.  ■ 
Stephanoiis,  12  spr.  , 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun.  : 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  ; 
Violets,  12  bunches. .   ; 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  . . 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch  : 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Nov.  24. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C,  state  that  there  is 
more  business  passing  in  Trefoils  ;  choice  quahiies  being 
exceedingly  scarce  are  fully  zs.  6d.  per  cwt.  higher. 
Clover  seeds  generally  remain  quiet  but  firm.  Foreign 
Canary  seed  well  sustains  the  rise  previously  noted, 
home-grown  lots,  however,  exhibit  no  advance.  Hemp 
and  Rape  seed  are  without  quotable  change  ;  extremely 
low  values  now  prevail.  For  blue  boiling  Peas  there  is 
a  belter  demand,  owing  to  the  colder  weather.  Haricots 
are  more  in  favour  ;  quotations  moderate.  Spring  Tares 
are  lower  than  ever  before  known.  No  business  passing 
in  other  articles. 

CORN, 

Mark  Lane  :  Nov.  22. — In  Wheat  there  was  more 
disposition  to  buy,  and  at  6d.  per  quarter  advance  upon 
the  rates  of  Monday  last  a  good  all-round  business  was 
concluded.  For  Enghsh  red  Wheats,  and  also  for  Indian 
and  Russian,  is.  advance  was  asked,  and  in  some  instances 
obtained,  but  not  currently.  Fiour  followed  Wheat 
with  an  advance  of  6d.  per  sack,  of  which  sales  of  fair 
extent  were  effected.  Malting  Barley  was  exceedingly 
firm,  with  a  fair  demand.  Grin  ling  description  were 
unaltered  in  value,  and  taken  off  slowly.  Maize  was 
fully  supported.  Large  arrivals  of  Oats  weakened  the 
market  lor  the  commoner  quahties,  which  were  3d.  per 
quarter  lower  on  the  week,  and  very  quiet. 

Nov.  24. — The  small  sales  of  Wheat  effected  were 
at  firm  rates,  for  both  Enghsh  and  foreign.  Flour, 
whilst  quiet,  was  fully  supported.  I-'or  mal  ting  Barley 
the  trade  continued  firm,  but  grinding  sorts  met  a  slow 
sale,  and  prices  barely  so  strong.  Beans  and  Peas  were 
taken  off  in  retail  quantities  at  full  prices.  Maize  was 
firm  from  scantly  supply.  Oats  with  good  arrivals  sold 
slowly,  with  rates  ot  the  commoner  grades  tending  in 
favour  of  buyers. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Nov.  20  :  — 
Wheat,  31J.  41/.  ;  Barley,  zjs.  6d.  ;  Oats,  i-js,  id.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  30^.  lod.  ; 
Barley,  29J.  9^.  ;  Oats,  i8j.  gd. 


FRUIT   AND    VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Nov.  24. — A  good  supply 
but  trade  rather  languid,  at  prices  as  follow  :— Horse 
Radish,  is.  to  is.  id,  per  bundle  ;  Parsnips,  8rf.  to  is. 
per  score ;  Cabbages,  \s.  6d.  to  21,  6d.  per  tally ; 
Savoys,  is,  to  2s.  do.  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  is  6d.  to  2s. 
per  sieve;  Greens,  is.  to  n.  <\d.  per  dozen  bunches; 
Parsley,  is.  to  is.  6d.  do.  ;  Beetroots,  is.  to  zs.  do.  ; 
Celery,  6d.  to  lod.  per  buidle  ;  Onions,  3?.  6d.  to  4s. 
per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  16s.  to  251.  per  ton  ;  Mangels,  ijs. 
to  i8j-.  do.  ;  Turnips,  is.  to  is.  per  dozen  bunches ; 
Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  do. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  23.— There  was  a  good  supply 
and  a  brisk  trade  at  the  andtrmentioned  quotation ■>  : — 
Savoys,  4s.  to  5J.  per  tally  ;  Greens,  is.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Turnips,  is.  6  /.  to  2s.  do.  ;  Carrots,  is.  per 
score  ;  Mangels,  14J.  to  lys.  per  ton  ;'  Swedes,  155. 
to  22s.  do.  ;  Watercress,  6/.  per  dozen  ;  Apples,  35.  6d. 
to  4-r.  per  bushel  ;  do.,  2(   per  half-bushel. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  SpirALiiiiLDS  :  Ni>7:  23.  —  Rather 
larger  supplies  and  de  nind  ^low.  prices  without  material 
change,  as  follows: — Kent  Re^^enls,  yos.  to  iioi. ; 
Magnum  Bonums,  65^.  logoj. ;  Victorias,  yor.  to  90J. ; 
Champions,  50J.  to  70 f. ;   Hebrons,  80s.  to  iioj.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Nov.  24.— Quotations  ;— 
York  and  Lincoln  Magnums,  551.  to  7or. ;  Regents,  60s. 
to  75J. ;  Cambridgeshire  Regents,  6or.  to  70J. ;  Magnum 
Bonums,  555.  to  75^.  ;  Essex  Regents,  70J.  to  80s. 
per  ton. 

Stratford:  Nov.  23.— Quotations  :  —  Best  Mag- 
nums, 60J.  10  80s.  ;  second  do.  55^'  to  6oj.  ;  Cham- 
pions, 5s,v.  to  68s.;  and  Regents,  yos.  to  qos  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  3943  bags  from  Hamburg,  600  Bremen,  24 
Amsterdam,  41  packages  Hontleur,  12  sacks  Bordeaux, 
and  6  baskets  from  Rotterdam. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Nov.  23.— Good  supplies  and  slow 
trade,  checked  pi.rily  by  the  fog.  Prices  unaltered. 
Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  8Ss.  to  ioo>.  ;  inJerior, 
yos.  to  84J.  ;  h^y,  prime,  yos.  to  90^^.;  interior,  30J.  to 
65J. ;  and  straw,  28^.  lo  391.  per  load. 

Nov.  25. — There  was  a  fair  supply  on  oflfer.  The  trade 
was  dull,  except  for  straw,  prices  for  which  were  dearer. 

Cumberland  (Rf.grnt's  Park)  :  jVov.  23. — A  good 
supply  of  Clover  and  meadow  hay,  with  trade  in  favour 
of  buyer.  A  lair  supply  of  straw,  with  trade  firm. 
Quotations: — 1'lover,  best,  84J.  lo  iooj^.  ;  second,  yos. 
to  80s.;  hay,  best,  75?.  to  85/.;  second,  50^.  to  70J. ; 
and  straw,  28s.  to  38J.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Nor.  23. — Quotations  : — Hay,  y^s.  to 
Bos. ;  Clover,  yos  to  90^^.  ;  and  straw,  z8s.  to  32J".  per 
load. 


Government  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  102  to  102I  for  delivery,  and  102/^  to  102^^  for  the 
account.  Tuesdiy's  closing  quotations  were  102^10  102 J 
for  delivery,  and  102  ^^^  to  102  ^^  for  the  account.  Wed- 
nesday's final  figures  were  io2y\  to  102.^  for  delivery, 
and  io2|  to  102^  for  the  account.  Thursday's  closing 
record  was  102  to  102^  for  both  transactions. 


NOVKMBER  37,   1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


699 


SPECIAL       NOTICE. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY,      DECEMBER     25, 


WILL  CONTAIN   A    BEAUTIFULLY 


(18  inches    by    13  inches), 
FROM      AN       ORIGINAL       DESIGN. 


PRICE     PIVEPENCE  ;       POST-FREE,      PIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY 

OR   WITH 

ALMANAC    MOUNTED    ON    OAK    ROLLERS, 

READY  TO    BE    HUNG   UP,   AND   ENCLOSED    IN   CASE, 

SEVENPENCE  ;      POST-FREE,     EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 
TO     PREVENT     INJURY     FROM     FOLDING. 

The   Publisher   cannot    be    responsible  for    injury    to    the    Almanac    unless    it    is   so  protected. 


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS.  "=131 

As   a   large   Rxtra   Sale   of  this   Nttmber   is  guaranteed,   it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  mediu7n  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS    FOR    SPACE    SHOULD    BE    SENT    IN    AS    EARLY    AS    POSSIBLE, 


W.    EICHAEDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STBEET,    STEAND,    W.C. 


700 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[November  27,  1886, 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.^ 
Oti   and  aftei'   Jan.    i,    1887, 
the   Price   of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
will  be 

Reduced     to      Three      Pence. 


SEAKALE  for  Forcing,  superior  selected 
Crowns,  9M.  per  1000  ;  under  500  lot.  per  100.  Orders 
to  be  accompanied  by  Cheque  or  Posl-office  Order  —ALFRED 
ATWOOD,  Grower,  51,  Shillineton  Slreel,  Battersea.  S.W. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

ia.  per  bushel :  100  for  25^.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  took), 
Aor. ;  4'bushel  bags,  411'.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  id.  per  sack; 
5  sacks  251.  ;  saclcs,  4^.  each, 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  22». ;  sacks. 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  9*.  per  bushel;  15J.  per  hall 
ton,  26J-  per  ton  in  2-bushel  ba^s,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  ir  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  IVOSS,  81.  bd.  per  sack, 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.— H.  G.  SMYTH.  F  R.H  S..  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

Newly  made.  Tiuckload  (2  tons)  £,1  :  40  bags.  25s.  Free 
on  rail.  Cash  with  order.-J  STEVENS  AND  CO.,  Fibre 
Meichants,  15),  High  Street,  Battersea.  S.W. 

KELP—  KELP  —  KELP.— 
This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  mide  from  ihe  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digitata  and  other  selected  seaweeds, 
is  especially  rich  in  Potash,  and  Phosphoric  Acid-  Mixed  with 
Ihree  times  its  bulk  of  dry  soil,  its  effect  on  Vine  Bjrders, 
Tomato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene- 
ficial, while  no  better  dressing  exists  for  Potato^,  Peas,  Sea- 
kale,  and  Celerv.  It  is  an  excellent  Renovator  for  Old 
Garden  Soil,  and  exhausted  and  Moss-grown  Lawns.  Price 
(for  cash  with  order  only).  Zs.  per  bushel-bag,  bag  included. 
Cheap  through  rales  via  Southampton  or  Weymouth. 

J.   E.   FEREY,  La  Poudretterie.  St.  Marttns.  Jersey. 

N.B.~As  the  Seaweeds  selected    (or  this  Ash  can  ooly  be 

hatvested  during  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  monihs. 

and   (hen  at  some  distance  from  the  mainland,  the    su£>ply  is 

necessarily  limited,  and  Orders  will   therefore  be  executed  in 


THOMSON^S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.— This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
uu  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwt.  and  over  cariia^e  paid. 

Our    Londun  Agent  is  Mr.   GEORGE,   lo,    Victoria    Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  AND  SONS.  Clovenfords,  Gatashiel-;.  N.  B. 


BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  u.,  is.  6i.,  ss.  6d., 
and  loj.  6-/.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nmserv- 
men  or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbro'^k  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials^  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight,  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressinB  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  :  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  BliRht.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  iL     Boxes,  if.,  3J.,  and  loi.  td. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  irround.  Boxes,  td.  and  IJ.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  lour  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  loj.  per  yard.  In  bag*,  at  25.  61/.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  sr  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNU.\I,  lol  td.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  1  u.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Pkizk  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market    (All  sacks  included  ) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    51.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22r.  td. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   41.60'.       „       5  sacks  for  20J. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    55.  6^.       ,.       5  sacks  for  25J. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     "J 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  (u.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     i        (sacks  mcluded). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    ) 

SILVER  SAND, coarse,  ij.  6a.  per  bush.,  i4i.half  ton,  i4t.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8./.  lb.   aSlb.  jSj. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Sp«cialil€)    8^.  lb.,  28  lb  i8s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ..     5J.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  2J.  per  bush.,  61.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kindsof Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits, VeEetables,&c.  Tins,  ij.  bd. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  3S.;  I4lb.,  5S.1  281b..  8s.;  561b.,  14'.:  tcwt.,22j. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb,  3J.;  28  lb. ,  51.  6rf. ; 

56  lb  ,  loi.  bd. :  I  cwt. ,  I  ^s.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  bd. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  It.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gj.  ;  15  sacks,  13'.  ;  20  sacks,  lyf.  ; 

30  sacks,  25*  ;  40  sacks,   301.     Truck-load,  loose,   free  on  rail, 

25i.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2i.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL.  LONDON,  E- 


21-02.  Foreign  of  the  above  siz 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept _  . 

A  large  stock    of  similar   current   sizes  ot    16-OZ.    glass     m 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all    Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE    FARMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smltbfleld,  Londoa,  E.G. 

•^tock  It-<:t  and  P*-u:es  on  afifilirtztunt.      Quote  Ch^omrU. 


BOILERS        FROM       4  0/- 


Contplete  Apparatus  from  £i   \'-,s.  6:1. 


GEO.  WILCOX  (Si  CO., 

HOT-WATER  and  GAS  F,NGI- 
NEER^,  Manufacturers  (f  the  Im- 
proved Patent  CHAMPION  SLOW 
COMBUSITON  BOILERS,  and 
PiTENT  ACME  GAS  BOILERS, 
f  r  warming  Churche.',  Conservatories, 
HMhouses,  Offices,  &c.,  by  Hot- 
^^ater      Requires  no  br.ckv 


and 


able 


1  itself.    Price  from  403.    in 

lionattheManufjciuters'.  Fi.x-d 
y  part  of  the  kingdom  under 
aal  superintendence, 
de  supplied  with  every  descrip- 
n  of  Boilers  and  Hot-wiier  Pipes  at.d 
tiings  at  Lowest  Piices.    Estimates. 

Sfr^85,     OLD     STREET, 
Champion  BoUer.  ST.  LUKES,    E. 


CHEAP  ENGLISH 
HORTICULTURAL     GLASS. 


100  Equarea  of  IB-c  z  glass  In  each  case  for  as  follows 

(Packing  Case  iniluHed),  free  on  rail  in  Leeds  ;- 


HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

IVHOLESALE  (;i.If.9    ir.AREHOUSE, 
8  and  10,    ALFRED  ETiiEET,    BOAR   LANE.    LEEDS. 


miGI  DOMb 

■.GISTERED  ^     TRADE  MAR.,, 

I    PRICE    LIST  St.  PARTICULARS    ADDRESS- 

ENJAMINRDGINGTON 

'  SOi/KE  S^  tU  London B/</Da£ 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

JBLALKBURN  and  SONS  are  otfering 
•  Archangel  MATS  lower  ihm  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAKFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C 


RUSSIA       MATS, 

FOR    COVERING    AND    PACKING. 

THE  LARGEST  ASSORTED  STOCK  IN  LONDON. 

CATALOGUE  on  application. 

JAMES     T.    ANDERSON, 
149.    COMMERCIAL    STREET,    LONDON,    E. 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Covtrings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  ;-  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  is.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft  6  in.  at  is.  id.  ; 
b  It.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  ^r.  2d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  Clinton,   Tring,   Bucks. 


Russia  Mats— Baflla. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBFE, 
of  best  quality,  &c.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER.  lamesSt.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


F 


OR  SALE,  Two  ARMSTEAD'S  PATENT 

HEATING  STOVES,  htied  with  200 feet  of  4-inch  Pip« 
ch,  nearly  new.— MACONOCHIE  BROS.,  Lowestoft 


G 


LASS.— Cut  Sizes,  from  12  by  9  upwards, 

in  100  and  200  feet  boxes,  in  rs-ounce  and  ai-ounc. 
CUNNINGHAM    and    CO  ,    Glass,    Lead,  and    Oil 
nuie,  18,  Leith  Street,  Edinburgh. 

Bosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


^HE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

made  in  maleiials  of  great  durabdity.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
bour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  httle  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  in 
further  labour  or  ejcpens.  _ 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design, 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufaaurers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road.  E, 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,   and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :   also 

for    FdXLEV'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3J.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Patiero  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Detign,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  B^iths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  preat  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Too 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  tree  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries, 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rales  in  any 
quantitic 

F.   KOSHl! 
-Orders  pre     .     , 

b,irai  Discoimi 


OU  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork.  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


ThisVARMISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  (or  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Adveriisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  s.ile.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  m  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  ol  mo>t 
of  the    Nobility  and   Gentry,  from  whom  the  most    fUiierirg 


Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  ij.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Many  actory.  or  is.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  E^q.,  The  Ry leys,  A Iderley  Lodge. 

■'  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Bbck  Varnish,  and 
sh.-ill  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
eiiher  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.-HiLL  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Cubtumers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Tiade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing.  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill    Ironworks,  near    Dudley; 

n8,   Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.G.  ;  and 

136,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin.  ' 


November  27,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


701 


Esti 


NO  LOOSE  RINGS 


RICHARDSON'S"  PATENT  UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 

mist  inexperienced  can  fix  ihem.     Soundness  of  Joint  ; 
certainty.     Highest  testimonials  and  references 
.mates  given  for  all  Material  ready   for    Fixing,    or    Fixei 
nplei 


"Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limitbd) 

Mansfield.  Notts, 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers,  Vases,  Fountains,  Seals.  &c. 

London  Agent:    W.    SIMMONS,    it.   Crooked   Lane.   EC. 

STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal  I 

ROBERTS'S         PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  .STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
andampleheat  withcoramon  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses. Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamohlet.  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sen'.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    'Victoria   Street.    Westtuinster,    S.'W. 

ANTHRACITE    SMOKELESS    COAL. 
The  Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen  Colliery  Co.  (Ld.), 

(lae    RiCHAKD    Morgan    &    Sons). 
Esiablished  Half  a  Century. 
The  largest  producers  of  Anthracite  Coal  in  the  United  King- 
dom, supoiv  the  pvire'^t  Anthracite  fir  H  ^rticuU'iral  purpose!;. 

COLLIEEY  OFFICE  :-LLANELLY.  SOUTH  WALES. 
LoDdoa  OfKces    and    Depot.   3,    Mileage   Station, 

Paddlngton,  W.— The  G.  C.  G  Co  will  be  pleased  to  futni-h 
on  application  the  names  of  Coal  Merchants  from  whom  their 
Coal  can  be  obtained,  as  inferior  Anthracite  is  oftea  sold  as 
theirs  to  new  buyers.  References  permitted  to  some  of  the 
first  Horticulturists  in  the  country. 


FAWKES'  Slow-combus- 
tiooHEATING  APPAR'VIUS 
—Most  efficient  and  cheapest  m  ex- 
istence. Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting.  WiU  last  all  night 
without  attention.  Will  bum  house 
cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 
for  fuel.  Any  one  can  fix  iC  A  do- 
mestic servant  can  stoke  it. 


W.    H.    LASCELLE8   &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,    BUNHILL    BOW,    LONDON,    E.C. 


CROMPTON    &    FAWKES, 

CHELMSFORD. 

"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,=^ 


I79-|''o'f   HEAT^^^^ 
u;4— >-^^j^       S  CONSUMED    LESS    FUEL    X     ^''S^^ 
^^^RODLOED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHEL  Or  FUECV 
^FANV  BeiLER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL  18! 

s  V/0,]  FIRST  PRIZE.tJTHElOOOr^T 

ALSO   FIRST  prize,,jthe  500^ 

2^       1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  ""Sjl 
S,D^PREV10US  AWARDS.  16    PRIZE  MEDSLS  S  DIPLOMAS 
LONDON  1   5  REOCROS3    s^    K    VICTORIA  DRY  GLTsriNG  WORKS 
i^nCE  I    SOUTHWARK  S'  ^^         HARLOW  .ESSEX  . 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  uill  give  Estimales  (or 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charee.  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  in  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
HI,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


TCLftSSHOUSESScttEMWG: 


B.W-WA-K«U-RST 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  sUtioo 
in  England,  ready  glared  and  painted  :— 

6  teet  long.  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     A2  rS     ° 

12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,        „         „        1*         4150 
6  feet  long.  5  feet  wide ?  '^     ° 

13  feet  long,  s  feet  wide,         ..  ,,  ^     .1  6  10     o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HAIiLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTlCULTUflAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


Catalogue  of  all  k  nds  of  Iron  anl  W  re  Fenc  ng   Hurdles 
Gate     W  re  Ne  t  nj    f  ee  on  appl  cat  on 

BAYLISb,      JONtS     &     BAYLISP, 

Wolverhampton 

London  Oft  ces  and  Show  Koon  -^    4     C  nnon  Street  E  C 

ARDEN   REQUISITES— Sticks,  Labels, 

Virgin    Cork,     Raffia,    Mats.     Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worn,  Manures.  Stc.      Cheapest  prices  ol 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London.  E.C. 

FLAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 
Gardens,    or   Walks  under   Trees.      Prices,   8rf.,   lod., 
and  IJ.  per  yard  run. 

The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY.  Bnghouse.  Vorks. 

HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 
On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 
the   Price   of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
wi/l  be 

Reduced     to     Three      Pence. 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

C      O      C^^_jA 

Accidents  of  DaUy  Life  Insured  against  by  tlie 

RAILWAY  PASSENGEKS' ASSURANCE 
CU.MPANV  (Esiablished  1849),  64.  Cornhill.  London. 

Capital  £1.000,000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     117,000    Accidents,    .£2,215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks   at  the   Railway   Stations,    the    Local 
Agents' or  West-end  Office  :-a.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W,C. ; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  ComhiU.  London,  E,C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Wanted  every  Gardener  and  Florist  to  use 
/^ASBON'S      LIGHT      WOOD     POSTAL 

V^     BOXES  and  PROPAGATING  TRAYS.    Sample  and 
Price  Li-t  free  for  six  stamps, 

T,  CASBON,  Box  Maker,  Milllield  Works,  Peterboro  . 


Send  your  Na 


SMITH'S— COLCHESTER 

LIVE-LOIG  CA]5[DY, 


THE      BEST     DIGESTIVE 


I  the  Chest  and  Fulness  after  MtaU  ;  or, 
taken  at  bedtime,  by  its  warmth-giving  and  Stomachic  proper- 
ties Promotes  Slee?,  A  smiU  piece  dissolved  in  the  mouth 
when  exposed  to  damp  and  cold,  Warms  the  Chest,  and  pre- 
vents those  injuries  which  arise  from  Chills.  It  is  invaluable 
to  all  Sportsmen,  and  is  recommended  by  the  Duchess  o( 
Beaufort  the  Ma  q  1  s  of  Waterford  &.<■  Free  ts.  i]id.,is.  gi., 
and  4J  id  o(  a  1  Lhem  sis  Be  careful  to  buy  only  SMITH  s- 
C   L      e  TER  L    a  Los     Candy    ire   »kbd  uv 

SHENSTONE  (Late  Smltn  &  Shenstone),  CHEMIST, 
COLCHESTER  as  in  consequence  of  us  p  puianty,  and  the 
commoone  s  o   the  name  tSm  tn)   im  tat  ons  are  life. 

Per  post    154^     3r     and  5J      or    sample,  free. 

THE    LOUGHBOROUGH    GREENHOUSE 

HOT- WATER    APPARATaS. 

Th  s  is  the  simplest, 
cheapest,  and  mo^t 
powe  ful  apparatus 
made  It  requires  no 
b  ick  selling,  no  stoke- 
h  le    and  no  hot-water 

r    (or   fi X mg.     The 

Bo  ler  stands  in  ibe 
reenhouse  the  front  only  being  outside, 
hat  ihe  whole  of  ihe  heat  from  ihe  Boilei 


:ngraving,  with 

feed  syphon.  12  feet  of  4-inch  hot-water  pipe,  and 

complete,  £^  4J-      Dehvered  free  to  any  -lation- 

cash.     Cost  of  apparatus  complete  for  GreenhciU 

dehvered  free  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  lor  n 

10    X    6  teet      ..;C+     14     o     I     20    X    10  ieet     .. 

12    X    8  feet     ..      5        10  25    '■'-    >2  feet     .. 

IS    X    9  feel     ..     5.    10,  8    I     40   X    16  Ieet    .^ 

Propoitionaie  prices  for  ciher  size-;,     tsttma 

Ilhis^trated    UST.   with   full   particulars  of  the: 

p  it  n  of  Fuel,  Gas,  and  Od  Heating  Sio 


,alc 


DEANE  &  CO.,^^ 

^""¥£f '"'°T  L  U  N  b  0  N  "b  R  i  D  g1. 

Works  for  tlie  Possessors  of  Gardens. 


HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  William  Earlev,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
Svo.  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  4s,  6d. 

MRS  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.     A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  js. 

r\N    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 

\J    DOORS.    By  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  ir. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
By  William  E.^rlev.     Price  rr.  stitched. 

HOW     TO     GROW     ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  li.  stitched. 

London:     BRADBURY,    AGNEW,   and    CO.,    Bouverle 
Street.  E.C, 


702 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[NOVXMBIR  37,   1886, 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 

On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 

the  Price  of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

wt7/  be 

Heduced      to      Three      Pence. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTiSINC. 

Htad  Ltw  charged  as  tujo. 

4  Lines. ,.^0    3    0 

15  Lines. ..;£o    8    6 

5     ,,...036 

16      090 

6     ,,...040 

17      096 

7     046 

18     „    ...    0  10    0 

8     ,,...050 

19     „    ...   0  10    6 

9     056 

20     „    ...   0  II    0 

10     060 

21     0  II    6 

11     066 

22     „    ...   0  12    0 

12     „    ...   0    7    0 

23     „    ...   0  12    6 

13     „    ...    0    7    6 

24     0  13    0 

14     „    ...    0    8    0 

25     „    ...  0  13    6 

AND  SIXPENCE    FOR   EVERY  ADDITIONAL   LINE. 

I*  set  across  two  Columos.  the  lowest  charee  will  be  501. 

If  set  across  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  ios. 

Page            _         ..         _         ..£90    0 

Column       -.350 

aARDENERS,  ana  OTHERS.  WANTDfO  SITUATIONS. 

36  words  ij.  (xL,  and  fid.  for  every  additioaal  line 

(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  lioe- 

THESB    ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST    BB    PREPAID 

IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  ~  Advcri,sm  arc  cautiemd 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  tfu  sender. 

biRTHS,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  $s.  each  insertion. 

Advertisemtnts  tor  tht  current  vieek   MUST  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  PavaWe  In  Advancs. 

Commencing  Jan.  1,  1887. 

The  United   Kingdom  :   12  Months.   163.  ;  6  Months 

78.  64. ;   3  Months.  33.  90. 

Foreign  (excepting    India  and   China) ;    including    Postage, 

178.  61  lor  12  Months;     India  and  China,  193.  6d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  oayahle  at  42.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W  C. 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELLS  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  ot  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY,    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE, 

GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS.  uo.ivn 

THE   FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE, 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 

The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies,  New  Zealand.  Polynesia,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 

Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Anmnn 

Single  Copies,  ^d.  ;  Stan.ped,  ^d. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 

ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co,  30,  Comhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar.  8,  Clement's  Lane.   Lombard 

Street.  E.C. 
Messrs.    Gordon  &  Gotch,   St    Bride  Street 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son.  1S6,  Strand. 

^"'"01.    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal    losurance 

Buildings, 
Manchester.,  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street, 
Edinburgh....  Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  6anover  Street 
<5"«»w W.   Porteous    &  Co.,    ij,    Roy!    Exchange 

®"  Cojiiti  of  each  Journal  are  filea  at  the 
aiovi  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers, 


STEVEN  BROS.  &  CO. 

-^1 


HOT-WATER       HEATING       APPARATUS 

STEVEN    BROS.    &,    CO., 


TTPPEK        THAMES        STREET, 


L  O  N  D  O  X, 


BOILERS,      PIPES,      CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,     S^c. 
Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


THE     COTTAGER'S    CALENDAR 


GARDEN    OPERATIONS. 

ORIGINALLY    COMPILED    BY    THE    LATE    SIR   JOSEPH    PAXTON,    M.P. 


Price  3d.,   Post  Free  3Jd. 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.;    Fifty,  lOs.;    and  One  Hundred,  20a. 

Parcels   of   not  less  than  Twenty-five  delivered.    Carriage  Free,    in  Lrmdott  only. 
Not  less  than  One  Hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.  RICHARDS.  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


WORKS  OF  AUTHORITY  ON  BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL  DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names, 
History,  and  Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Britain,  together  with  a  full  Explanation  of  Technical 
Terms.     Medium  8vo,  cloth,  price  25^. 

BOTANY  FOR  BEGINNERS.  An  introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell 
T.   Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St.  George's  Hospital.     With  upwards  of 

100  Illustrations.     Price  3.1.  6J. 

LINDLEY'S  SCHOOL  BOTANY,  a  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  students, 
kc.     With  400  Illustrations.     Svo,  cloth,  price  S>-  fi"'- 

LINDLEY'S   ELEMENTS   OF   BOTANY.    With  illustrations.    Svo,  cloth,  price 9.. 
LINDLEY'S    MEDICAL  AND  CECONOMICAL  BOTANY-    With  numerous  iiiustra- 

tions.     Svo,  cloth,  price  5j. 

LINDLEY'S  DESCRIPTIVE  BOTANY.  For  Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools. 
Price  IS.  sewed. 


WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 

HIGH  CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING,  a  Handy  Manual  for  the  improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  William  Earley,  Author  of  "How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "How  to 
Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.     Crown  Svo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  ^s.  6d. 

MRS.  LOUDON'S    LADIES'  COMPANION   TO  THE   FLOWER   GARDEN. 

A  complete  Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.     A  New  Edition. 
Fcap.  cloth,  price  ys. 

THE    ART    OF    GROWING    ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS.     By  Rev.  o.  Fishkr. 

Fourth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  Is. 
HOW    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS.     By  William  Earley.     Price  i^.  stitched. 
HOW    TO    GROW    ASPARAGUS.     A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture, 

By  William  Earley.     Price  is.  stitched. 


Loadoa :    BEADBUaY,  AGNEW,  ft  CO.,  BottV«ri»  Street,  B.C. 


NOVBMBBR  27,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


703 


FRANCIS  MOORE'S  ALMANAC,  besides 
the  usual  Calendar,  contains  a  full  account  of  the  Eclipses 
and  AstronomicaLfhenomena  of  the  Year,  Lists  of  the  Members 
of  the  Government.  New  Constituencies,  Bankers,  Public  Offices 
and  institutions,  a  List  of  ihi  Princioal  Bu-iness  Fairs  throughout 
EngUnd  and  Wales,  Postalandother  useful  information.  Price6/. 
The  STATIONERS'  COMPANY,  Stationers' Hall,  London. 

WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business— South  of  England.— E.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  152, 
Hoimdsditch,  London,  E. 

WANTED,  by  a  Contractor,  a  SUB-CON- 
TRACTOR,  accustomed  to  Laying-out  Lawns, 
Cricket  and  Lawn  Tennis  Grounds,  and  Forming  Winter  Lawn 
Tennis  Courts  in  cinder,  cement,  S:c.  Must  be  competent  to 
give  Estimates  for  same,  and  for  any  Landscape  Gardening 
involved  in  Making  the  Courts.  Must  be  prepared  to  excruie 
all  Orders  received,  in  contractor's  name.—  Full  particulars  to 
be  sent  to  L.  T.,  Gardeners^  Chrotticlf  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Hove,  Sussex. 

SUPERINTENDENT  of  CEMETERY. 

THE  HOVE  COMMISSIONERS  are  about 
10  APPOINT  a  SUPERINTENDENT  of  their 
Cemetery.  Wages  305.  a  wetk  with  residence,  fuel,  and  garden. 
The  Superintendent  must  be  competent  to  Lay-out  the  Ground 
acijordltig  to  the  plans,  have  a  good  knowledge  of  Gardening, 
will  have  10  act  as  Cleik  at  burials,  and  devote  hii  whole  time 
to  the  duties  of  his  ofhce.  Applications  in  writing,  stating  aee, 
family,  and  previous  occupation,  with  not  more  man  three  Tes- 
timonials .endorsed  '  Cemetery  Superintendent."  and  addressed 
to  the  Town  Clerk.  Town  Hall.  Hove,  will  be  received  up  to 
4  o'clock  on  the  30ih  instant.  — By  Order. 

Town   Hall,  Hovr.  — November  18,  18SS. 


WANTED,  for  a  large  Provincial  Nursery, a 
GROUND  FOREMAN,  having  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  Cultivation  and  Values  of  Hardy,  Deciduous  and 
Evergreen  Trees  and  Shrubs.  Conifeiae.  &c  ^Apply.  stating 
age,  experience,  wages  expected  and  all  particulars,  to  A.  D.  S., 
CurdetiKs'  Chrmikle  Office,  4 1,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W. C. 

ANTED,     in     the     Midlands,     a     good 

PLANTSMAN,  to  Propagate  and  Grow  for  Market 
and  Cut  Flowers.  Proofs  of  proficiency  indispensable.  — 123, 
Gardeners*  CJironicle  Office,  Wellington  Street,  atrand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  with  a  good 
praciical  knowledge  of  the  Cultivation  o(  Forest" Tree, 
and  other  Seedlings  Slate  experience  and  wages.-DELTA, 
Gardeners'  ChrmiicU  Office,  4r,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,   a    WORKING  KNIFEMAN, 

must  understand  Pruning  for  Outdoor  Fruit.  Graf.ing. 
Budding,  &c.  Good  references  indi'p.?nsable.  Sure  wages 
required.  Letteronly.—PARRO IT  BROTHERS,  Normandy, 
Guildford. 


WTANTED,  a  SALESMAN,  to  Sell  Cut 
VV  Flowers.  &c.,  in  Flower  Market.  Covent  Garden. 
Must  be  experienced.— Apply  to  CHAS  HART.  The  Nursery, 
Beaummt  Road,  Leyton  ;  or  at  Siand  No   91,    Flower  Market. 

ANTED,  at  ONCE,  a  JUNIOR  CLERK. 

A  comfortable,  permanent,  and  progressive  appointment 
a  steadv,  painstaking  man.  —  Apoly,  stating  age,  experience, 
d  wages  expected,  to  THOMAS  S.  WARE,  Hale  Farm 
ursenes,  Tottenham,  London. 


w 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURV  LANE,  to  \V. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  atui  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 

is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Rest  ante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forivarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 
NOT/CB  TO  ADVhRTISERS—hi  many  mstaticei 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisemeftts 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  art  requested  when  Remittinjr  to  give 
their  .\ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated, 

C  O  T  C  H        GARDENERS. 

,  _  —John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  L.,dy,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

Gardi^ners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  ftr»i-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  Sc,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  prrticulars  to  any  one  m  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  ro8,  High  Street,  Dumlries.  N.B. 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  Stc- Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
tither  of  the  at»ve  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
itpplyiBg  10  Wia.Cuibuih&  Soa,  HighgatoNunuies,  Leiidoii,N. 


s 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  annouDce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
paiuculars,  &c — St.  John  s  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — HoUoway,  N. 


To  Gentlemen  and  Growers. 

MANAGER,  where  Choice  Fruit,  Cut 
Flowers.  &c..  are  required  to  be  Grown  extensively  for 
irarket. — Advertiser,  thoroughly  experienced,  is  open  to  en- 
gagement as  above.— G.  H.,  i,  Ailieistan  Road,  Harold  Wood, 


/:;ARDENKR  (Head),  age  32.— Mr.  Leach, 

V  J  Head  Gardener,  Alba.iy  Park,  Guildford,  can  highly 
recommend  a  thorough  first-class  Gardener.— Address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  38,  married,  no 
family  ;  good  all  nmnd  man  in  every  branch.  Highly 
recommended.— GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kim- 
bjjton  St.  Neots. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  Good  Grower  of 
Choice  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables,  also  Ea.ly  and 
Late  Forcing  Good  character  for  ability,  sobrieiy,  and 
industry. — 5.  Colobrook  Place,  Twickenham. 

r:j  ARDENER  (Head),  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 

V  J  man.  — Age  33,  married  ;  ihas  a  thorough  practical  know- 
Iedg;e  iu  all  biauches  of  the  piG^es>ion.  iocludiug  Orchids.  Two 
years'  good  character.— B..  33,  Shaftesbury  Road,  Souihsea, 
Hants. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  married  ; 
thoroughly  practical  and  experienced  in  aU  branches  of 
the  profession  Good  references  from  pa>t  and  present  em- 
ployers.-A.  HOUTMAN.  John  Waterer  &  Sons,  American 
Nursery,  Bagshot.  Surrey. 


G^i^ 

DENER 

(H 

EAD 

Working). 

—Age  39, 

rned.    one 

>i,l 

)  :    thoroughly 

cxpeiie 

need. 

Six   years' 

character  ; 

n    prev 

■OUS.-W.,   47, 

Upper 

Park 

Road.  Ha 

Htstead,  Lo 

[jdon 

, 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  35, 
married  :  thoroughly  practical  in  every  branch  of  ihe 
prof;ssion.  Twenty  years'  experience  ;  understands  Poultry. 
&c.  Three  years  in  last  situation.— A.  B.,  40,  Belsize  Road, 
St.  John's  Wood.  N.W.  _ 

GARDENER  ^Head  Working),  where  one 
or  two  are  kept  —  Age  29.  niairied.  one  child  ; 
fifteen  years'  experience  in  Eaily  and  Late  Forcing  ;  also  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flowers,  and  Kuchen  Garden,  Good 
character  from  present  and  previous  places. — E.  BUCKEIT, 
Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 


r^  A  R  D  E  N  E  R.  —  Sir     HUMPHREY     de 

VJT  Traffobd  will  be  glad  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  ai  d 
can  give  him  a  nine  >  ears'  character.  Leaving  through  no 
fault. 


GARDENER,  where  three  or  more  are  kept. 
—A  Gentleman  can  highly  reci  moiend  his  Ga'dener. 
He  has  lived  with  him  four  years,  has  been  used  to  Vineiy, 
Orchard  House,  &c.,  and  also  to  care  of  Grass  Land.  Is  an 
exceedingly  trustworthy  and  respectab'e  man.  Wishes  for  a 
siiualion  as  above  — S   S..  Harp-den  Court,  Henley-on-Thames. 


G 


ARDENER  (where  help  is  given,  or 
Single  H.\NDED).  age  22— Mr.  A.  Beech.  Head  Gar- 
dener to  E.  Hibnert,  E^q  ,  Ashby  St.  Leger's  Lodge,  Rugby, 
can  wiih  cji.fiJence  recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 

r^  ARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
T     a  little  help  is  given. —Aie   -^6.  niarrieo^  when  suited. — 
R.  SCOTT.  Garg.ave,  Leeds    Yorks. 

GAKDENEK    (UNDER).  —  Age    23;    good 
reference    from    large    Gaidens.— J.     ri0U.:)E,     Police 
Station,  Cheddington.  Crewkerne. 

To  Gardeners. 

GARDENER   (Under).— Age  20  ;    strong, 
willing  and  active.      Good  character.— GARDENER, 
Fetcham,  Leathcrhead,  Surrey. 

GARDENER;  age  40,  Scotch.— Edward 
Geopoe.  for  the  last  six  and  a  half  years  Gardener  to 
J.  W.  Booro,  E.q..  MP..  Ockenoen,  Cuckfield,  Sussex,  and 
previously  for  eleven  years  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of  CLincarty, 
at  Garbally,  seeks  another  engagement  owing  lo  his  late 
employer  leaving  Ockenden,  through  the  expiration  of  the 
lease.  Advertiser  has  had  great  experience  in  all  branches  of 
Gardening,  and  has  been  specially  successful  in  the  profitable 
Culture  ol  Fruits  under  Glass.  Reference  kindly  permitted  to 
J.  W.    Booid,    Esq..   14,   Berkeley  Square,  W.— 21,   Stamford 


Road,  Fulha 


,  S.W. 


FOREMAN. — Age  24  ;  ten  years'  experience. 
Good  testimonials  and  over  two  years'  good  reccommenda- 
tion  from  last  situation.— J.  LIDDIART,  Wethersfield,  near 
Braintree. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Gentleman's 
csiaMishment.— Age  27  :  eleven  and  a  half  years' expe- 
rience in  all  branches.  Good  references.  —  J.  ROGERS, 
Backh  use's  Nurseries,  York. 


1  (FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Nobleman's 
or  Gentleman's  establishment  —Age  24  ;    good  praciical 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  (General),  and  PROPAGA- 
TOR.—Advertiser,  who  is  filling  the  above  capability, 
will  shortly  be  open  to  engagement.  Fruit,  Roses,  Rhoden- 
drons.  Conifers:,  and  routine  of  the  Trade  in  general  Sixteen 
years'  experience.  Undeniable  character  as  to  honesty, 
sobritty,  &c.— A,  B.,  3,  King  Straet,  Rock  Fuiy,  Birkenhead. 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 

On    and  after   yan.    i,    1887, 

the   Price   of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

wit/  be 

Keduced      to     Three      Fence. 


Ti  Nurserymen. 
77OREMAN  PROPAGATOR  or  GROWER. 

1-        -Gold  experience  in  the  Cultivation  of  Plauts.— W.  R., 


JOURNEYMAN  or  FOREMAN.— Age  24  ; 
eight  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Excellent  refer- 
ences from  large  establishments.- R.  W.,  3S,  Elgin  Terrace, 
Maida  Vale.  N.W. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  22,  single  :  seven  years.'  experience.  Good  references. 
-GEORGK   BARKER,  The  Nurseries,  York. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.—Age  23  ;  ei^ht  years'  experience  in  gocd  places. 
Go.  a  ch.raciers.— J.  RAILEY,  The  Gardens,  FraLks  Half, 
Danford,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  estab- 

t}  liihment. — A^e  24  ;  nine  yea»s'  exoerience  in  good  places. 
Two  years  in  last  situation.— 0.  TILLEY,  Thoruey,  near 
Peterborough,  Cambs. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  Indoors,  in  a  good 
establishment  ;  age  22.— Mr.  C.  Marshall  would  be 
pleased  to  recommend  the  above  to  anv  Girdener  requiring  a 
steady  young  man, —C.  MARSHALL,  Aibury  Gardens.  Nun- 
eaton, Warwickshire. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  ig  ; 
good  character,  obtained  in  two  Gentlemen's   Gardens. — 
A.  DOWN  HAM,  Aibury.  Little  Hadham,  Hens. 


MPRGVER,  or   UNDER  GARDENER.— 

Age   19;    good  references.— GARDENER,    Woodihorpe 
>use,  Nottingham. 


TO  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— Wanted  by  a 
young  man  f«ge  20)  to  work  under  glass,  wheie  iwo  or 
more  are  kept.  Good  knowledge  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  Propagating,  &c.  Six  years'  ex- 
perience in  a  Nursery.— S.,  Baziar  Agericy,  Crewktrne. 

TO  NURSERYMEN  and  GARDENERS. 
— Wanted,  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  or  Gentleman's 
Garden,  in  the  Houses.— Age  18;  three  years'  experience. 
Good  character  from  last  situation.— T.  KEMP,  Fern  Down 
Nurseries.  Wimbnriie,  Dorset. 

TO  GARDENERS.  —  Wanted  a  situation 
under  a  Gardener,  by  a  youth  (age  18).  Good  reference. 
—  R.  LARRINGTON,  Thorney,  near  Peterborough,  Cam- 
bridgeshire. 

TRAVELLER,  or  MANAGER  in   Nursery. 
— Consi<^erable    experience   in   the   Trade. — J.  J  .  Gar- 
deners  Clironicte  Office,  «t,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

'I'RAVELLER,  MANAGER,  or  HEAD 
1-  SHOPMAN. — 1  he  Adveiliser  seeks  a  responsible  position 
as  ab.ve.  Has  had  twelve  years'  experience  in  every  branch  of 
the  Trade  :  lour  years  in  present  situation- H.  h.Gardene 
«>-o;«W«  Office,  41,  Wellingto 


,  Slrand.  W.C. 


NURSERY  INVOICE  CLERK.— Age  21  ; 
at  piesent  wiih  first-class  Scotch  firm,  desires  another 
engagement.  Good  references.— H.  JA-MES,  50,  Leith  Street, 
Edin'urgh. 

SHOPMAN. — E.xperienced  in  all  branches, 
and  Knowledge  of  Book-keeping.  Abstainer.  — H.  P., 
Gardeners'  Chronicte  Office,  41,  WeUington  Street,  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 

O  HOPMAN,"orTASSISTANT.  —  Age   24  ; 

O  eight  years'  exoericnce  in  all  departments  of  the  Retail 
Seed  and  Bulb  Trade  ;  six  years  with  one  of  the  leading  London 
Houses  Or,  w.iuld  JOIN  in  PARTNERSHIP  with  another 
young  man.       Hgli  references.  —  S.  GEORGE,    lo,  Victoria 

Road,  Putney,  S.W.  

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,      or     WAKEHOUSEMAN.— 
nine  years'  experience  :  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Seed 
Trade.        Fir-1-cUss    refs                  "      " 
Eghnton  Street.  Glasgow 

QHOPMAN,    or    ASSISTANT.  —  Age    25; 

■  xperienced  in  Seeds,  Plants,  Flowers._&c.     Good  jefer- 


-D.    C.    FLETCHER, 


M- 


;.— A.    B.,    31,    St.    George    Square,    Tonbridge    Road, 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
—  As  ihe  seasons  change  the  climatic  variations  warn 
us  all  to  be  careful,  most  especially  is  it  incumbent  on  the  aged, 
prone  to  bronchial  attacks,  ouiwaid  ulcerations,  and  similar 
debilitating  aisorders,  to  have  them  removed,  or  worse  con- 
sequences will  follow.     These  remedies  are  iheir  sheet  anchors  : 


„„  their  powers  ail  may  confidently  rely.  The  Oir 
simply  puts  their  sores  out  of  sight,  but  extirpates  the  source  of 
mischief,  extracts  the  corroding  poison,  and  stimulates  Nature  to 
fill  up  the  ulcer  with  sound,  healthy  granulations,  that  will  abide 
through  life.  Under  this  treatment  bad  legs  soon  become  sound, 
scorbutic  skins  cast  off  their  scales,  and  scrofulous  sores  cease  to 
wrnoy.    Such  hope  (or  the  diseased  was  unknown  in  former  d>ye. 


704 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[NOVKVIBER  27,    1886, 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,  HORTICULTIIRAIBIIILMRS,  NORWICH. 


Boulton  &  Paul's  PLANT 
FRAMES  are  always  in  stock,  ready 
to  be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  They 
are  made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  from 
the  best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  special  re- 
quirements, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
The  Frames  are  of  ri  in.  boards,  13  in.  high 
in  front,  24  in.  high  at  back,  and  32  in.  at  the 
ridge,  bolted  at  the  corners,  and  easily  taken 
to  pieces  if  required.  The  Lights  are  2  inches 
thick,  arranged  to  turn  over,  front  or  back,  and 
provided  with  set-opes  for  ventilating,  and 
the  whole  painted  four  coats.  The  Glass  is 
English,  2t-oz.  weight.  Packed  and  sent, 
CARRIAGE  PAID,  to  any  station  in  England 
and  Wales,  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  London- 
derry, Cork,  Glasgow,  and  stations  equiva- 
lent.   Cases  are  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  74,-Tliree-Qaarter  Span  Plant  Frame.    All  sizes  in  Stock. 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.        Width.         Price. 
2-LiGHT  FRAME  ..    8  feet  by  6  feet  £^  12    6 

3  ,,  ,,         . .  12  feet  by  6  feet     650 

4  , ,  , ,         . ,  16  feet  by  6  feet     800 

5  ,,  ,,  ..  20  feet  by  6  feet  9  15  o 
Smaller  Frames  are  made.     Lists  post-free. 

CATALOQtTES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden 
Frames  in  every  variety  made,  Garden  Imple- 
ments, Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  everything 
required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds 
Post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  by 
appointmen  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 


CONTKACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPBB     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS— "  HOT  WATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  liargest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  \']th  Edition, price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 

"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME." US 

CAMBRIC 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Indies  to  66  Inches  long. 


TRISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

J-  KERCHIEFS,  Hemmed  for  Use.  Per  dozen— Child- 
ren's, U.  2J.  ;  Ladies',  2t.  i}i,i  ;  Gentlemen's,  3s.  6i. 
Hemstitched  —  Ladies',  2s.  WAd.  ;  Gents',  is.  \ld. 
Samples  post-free. 


TRISH     MADE    SHIRTS.  —  Best    Quality 

J-  Lnngcloth  Bodies,  with  four-fold  all  Linen  Fronts  and 
CulTi.  3Bj.  6rf.  the  half  dozen  (to  measure  2s.  extra).  New 
Designs  m  our  special  Indian  Gauze,  Primed  Shirtings,  and 
unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  season. 


These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  excellence  and  cheapnesi."— Ci);/r/  Journal. 


TRISH  LINEN  COLLARS  and  CUFFS. 

X  Collars— Ladies'  and  Children's  three-fold,  3s.  6d. 
per  dozen:  Gentlemen's  four-fold,  4i-.  llii'.  to  6s  llrf.  per 
dozen.  CuSs  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  and  Children,  Bs.  11//. 
to  10s.  9<i.  per  dozen.  "Their  IriA  Linen  Collars,  Cuff., 
Shirts.  &a,  have  the  merit  of  excellence  and  cheapness  " — 
Court  Circular      Samc'es  post-free. 


POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.— Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetings,  fully 

JL  bleached,  2  yards  wide,  Is.  8^.  per  yard  ;  2K  yards  wide,  2r.  ^Vid. 
per  yard  (the  most  durable  article  made,  and  far  superior  to  any  foreign 
manufactured  good-).  Roller  Towelling,  18  inches  wide,  Z%d  per  yard. 
Surplice  Linen,  Id  per  yard  :  Check  Dusters,  2s.  6i.,  Glass  Cloths, 
4i.  6d.  per  dozen.     Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Dialers  i'Ad.  per  yard. 


Frilled  Linen  P.llo 


;  from  It.  ^%d  each. 


'  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— /At-  LaJv. 


I 

RISH 

DAMASK 

TABLE 

LINEN.— Fish 

Napkins,   | 

2r.  6rf.  re 

rdxen 

Dinner 

Napkins 

4s.  6rf.  pe 

r  dozen.     Tabl 

Clc 

ths. 

2  yards 

squ 

are,  2s   id 

;     i^i 

3  yaid 

s,     fit. 

ti^. 

each.         Kilche 

n     Table 

Cloths, 

W'Ad.   each. 

Strong 

Huckabu 

ck   Toive 

Is,  4t 

4'. 

per  dozen.     M 

onograms 

,  Crests, 

Co 

ls-o(-Arms 

Initials 

,  &c.,  wov 

en  and  e 

mbroid 

ered 

Samples  post- 

free. 

HANDKERCHIEFS, 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST 

{By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany. ) 


A  GOLD  JUED4Z.  (ththiglusl 


n  HortuuUurat  buildings,  by  the  Socitty  of  Architects, 


Greenhouses  of  ever  y 
kind  designed,  erected, 
and    heated.  Con- 

structed so  as  to  ob- 
tain, with  the  least 
obstruction  to  light 
and  sun,  the  greatest 
strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,  owing 
to  un  usual  facilities, 
delv  competition. 

Ge'nilemen  will  dowell  to 
obtain  an  Estunate  from 
us,  for  which  no  charge 
is  made,  before  placing 
their  orders  elsewhere. 

Illustrated  Catalogues 
free.  Richly  I thistrated 
Catalogue,  containing 
ovef  to  Plates  of  Winter 
Gardens,  ConservntoritSt 
VmeritSy  Plant  Houses, 
Forcing  Houses  dr'c  ,  re- 
centty  erected  by  M,  &' 
Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


MESSENGKR   &  COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  4t ,  WelUngton  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.  C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnbw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  PubUshed  bv  tho 
saitl  William  Richards,  M  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  ill  the  said  Coimty.— Saturday,  November  27,  t886.     Agent  for  Manchester— John  Hkywood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatilisiijeti  I84i. 


No.  675.— Vol.  XXVI.  {s^h",1}   SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  4,  1S86.         ] p'^oSXr.s'.'J^^.a^pTJ Jpo™ 

SPECIAL    NOTICE. — Oji  and  after  yanuary  i,   1887,    the  Price  of  the 
"  Gardeners    Chronicle  "  will  be  REDUCED  TO  Three  Pence. 


CONTENTS. 


Adiantum  Farl<;yense    ..  726  I 

American  Exhibition,  the  721 

Apiary,  the  ..         ..  718 

Australian  and  New  Zea-  j 

land  trees  in  Arran     ..  712, 

Books:-  1 

Empire  of  India  ..  723, 

Life  Histories  of  Planti  723  I 

Botanic  gardens  . .  . .  722 

Broxbourne,  rockery  at..  711 


at       Stud  ley 
House     .. 
Sunbury   House 


Crassula       impressa 

Schmidt!  ..  71: 

,,     rhomboidea  . ..  71: 

Dognin,       M.      Camil  e, 

death  of..  ..  ,.  72: 

Euphorbia  grandidens    .  72 


Flori 


■  now 


,  Phlox        r 

I      double  white     .. 
,  Phylloxera  laws  . . 
Plant  physioKnomy 
Plants  and    thrir   cu 
Potata     experiments 
Reading 
,,     Tercentenary 


715     Rivers,  Mr.  T. 


Forestry 717     Rose  ry,  the 

Fruits  under  gla; 

Gardeners*  Royal    Bene-  Societies  : — 

voleni  Institution 
Hardy  fruit  garden,    the 
Harlow   Moor,    the   nur- 

JugTa^nsnigm       "  " 

Kitchen  garden,  the  .. 
Lxtia  pumila  Curleana. . 
Mi^onette,  a  new 


Obituary 

Fromow,  Mr. 
Green.  Mr.  C. 


W. 


Birmingham     . . 
I      Liverpool 

723  I      National     Chrysanthe 

719  I  Spary.  Edward  .. 

724  '  Trade  notices       ..         .. 
;  Trees  and  shrubs 

728     Weather,  the 

728     Zygopetalamleopardinur 


Broxbourne, 

Euphorbia  grandiden: 

Mignonette,  anew 

Pothos  aurea,  a  fasciated  root  of 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
!n  Messrs.  Paul's  garden  at 


GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEOBAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  O titers.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON." 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
'THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their   Copies    regularly,    are   particularly    re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,  41,   Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  7nade payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 
Now  Ready.  In  clotli,  16s. 
q^HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE, 

J.  Volume  XXV..  JANUARY  to  JUNE.  i8S6. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellinaton  Street.  Stiand.  W.C. 


KOYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 
South  KensiugtoD,  S.W. 
NOTICE  I-COMMITTEE    MEETINGS:    Scientific,  at 
IPM..  in  the  Lindley  Library  ;     Fruit  and  Floral,  at   ii  A.M., 
in  the  East  Crush-room,  Roya]  Albert  Hall,  on  TUESDAY 
NEXT,  December  7. 


KINGSTON   and    SURBITON 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  ELEVENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be  he'd 
on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  November  8  and  9.  1887. 
Schedules  are  in  course  of  preparation,  and  will  be  forwarded 
when  ready  on  app  icalic 


ORCHIDS    a    SPECIALTY.  —  Stock 
immense  in   extent,    fine  in  quality,   and   moderate    in 
price.     Inspeciiin  invited. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 


Putney,  London,  S.W. 

WILLIAM    ICETON   begs   to  inform  the 
Trade  that  he  has  a  very  fine  Collection  of  all   the 
leadin    PALMS  and  FOLIAGE  PLANTS,  at  reasonable  rate. 


T 


HE      FINEST     NEW      PEAS 


SHARPE'S  QUEEN,  ir.  per  %  pint  sealed  packet. 

„    SIR  F.  A.  MILLBANK,  21.  per  %  pint  sealed  pkt 

„     TRIUMPH,  21.  6rf.  per  pint  sealed  packet. 

„     PARAGON,  IS.  6d.  per  pint  sealed  packet. 

Po.'Jt-free.       Special    descriptive    offer    of    these    and    other 

Novelties  sent  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO..  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 

ROSES— ROSES— ROSES.— Strong  Plants, 
best  varieties  ;— ^o  H.  P.'s  and  10  Teas  for  2ir.  Teas  in 
pits,  pr.  and  i2r.  per  doz  ,  751.  per  too  and  upwards.  Standard 
H.P.'s,  choice  vars.,  tzi.  per  dor.  Six  large  PAI.MS  to  be  sold 
cheap.      EDWIN  HI LLIER,  Nurseries,  Winchester. 


Hollies  for  Hedges. 
TOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO.   offer  a  very 

O      fine  stock  o'  Green  HOLLIES  for  Hedges.  Sizes,  6,  g,  18. 

24,  to  36  inches.  Prices,  with  samples  if  desired,  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO..  King's  Acre,  Hereford. 


Rbododendrons 


JOHN    WATERER   and    SONS,  Bagshot, 

t"       Surrey,  are  the  Great  Exhibitors  of  Hardy  Scarlet  and 


FLOWERING  SHRUBS.— LILAC,  MOCK 
ORANGE,  WEIGELA.  ALMOND.  ALTHEA,  BER- 
BERIS,  CHERRY.  CYTISSUS,  HYDRANGEA.  HYPERI- 
CUM, MEZEREUM,  RIBES,  SPIR/E'i,  RHUS.  VIBUR- 
NUM.&c.;  Si.  per  dozen.  50J.  per  roo.    Descriativo  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,   Nurserymen,  Worce.ter. 

OSES   (Strong   Dwarf)— best   H.P.    kinds, 

25J.  per  100;  finest  named  CARNATIONS  and  PICO- 
TEES.  30s.  per  too  !  TREE  CARNATIONS.  12  best  sorts.  25J. 
per  100  :  strong  Spruce  FIRS,  for  Christmas  Trees.  2  to  3  feet, 
i,i  per  1000.— W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kiddeiminsler- 


A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw. 
biense.  hybridum,  and  all  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  1,  2,  to  3  feet,  beautifully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand,  on  application  10 
JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO..  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 


MESSRS.  GREGORY  and  EVANS, 
NuRSERVMKN.  Sidcup.  and  283,  386.  287,  288,  Flower 
Market.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any 
quantity  for  their  Commission  Department.  Boxes  and  Labels 
supplied. 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  Commission,  Sidcup." 

Important  to  Growers. 

WISE  AND  RIDES  are  Cash  Purchasers 
of  eood  and  well-packed  Blooms  of  the  fjllowine  : — 
EUCH^RIS,  STEPHANOTIS.  ROSES.  ORCHIDS, 
really  fine  Specimen  Flowers  of  CHRYSANTHEM  UM,  &c. 
Send  samples  and  state  quantity  to 

WISE  AND  RIDES.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


s 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
NorthRow.CoventGarden,  London, W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  wliich  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
also  fine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c 

Q  Q  U  E  L  C  H     AND     BARNHAM, 

"^     giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obiain  the  HIGHEST  MARKET  PRICE. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H      AND     BARNHAM, 

ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daUy,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded  weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 

BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  53,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtam  the  highest  market  prices.  AM  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 


WANTED,  in  any  quantities,  Choice  CUT 
FLOWERS.     Cash  sent  daily. 
C.  LAWRENCE.  6a,  Vinegar  Yard,  Catherine  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  London,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  nice  los.  Specimen  of  NEO- 
TOPTERIS  NIDUS,  perfect  in  contour,  and  not  drawn 
or  in  any  way  damagei-W.  RAVENHILL,  Victoria  Court 
Deparment,  Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition. 


WANTED,  Yellow  Fruiting  RASPBERRY 
Canes,  Double  PRIMROSES.  Jack-in-Green.  &c  : 
H»rdr  PRIMULAS,  HEPATICAS,  SAXIFRAGES.  Yellow 
PICOTEES,  Fancy  DAHLIAS  and  Pompon  DAHLIA 
Tubers.— Lowest  cash  price  per  too,  to  RUBUS,  Gardtntrt' 
Chnniclc  OlTice,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Dissolution  of  FartnersUp. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  the  last  ten  years 
Co  partner  with  John  Lung,  at  Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  has 
PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESSES  known  as  the  East 
Surrey  Seed  Warehouse  (established  upwards  of  53  years). 
North  End.  Croydon  :  also  the  Upper  Tooting  Park  and  Bal- 
ham  Hill  Nursenes.     CATALOGUES  now  ready. 


Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford  (Established  1785). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  "  Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited)."  these  Old-esublished 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1E86,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford.— October  i.  r886. 

The  Tunbridge  Wells  Nurseries,  Kent. 
NOTICE. 

MESSRS.  THOMAS  CRIPPS  and  SON 
hereby  give  notice  that  Mr.  WILLIAM  CHAPMAN 
is  their  only  authorised  TRAVELLER  and  FEPRESENTA- 
TIVE  in  the  United  Kingdom 


E 


Now  Is  tne  time  to  Plant 
E      R      G      R      E       E      N 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO..  Nurserymen.  Worcester. 


Just  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85  ;  con- 
taining all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  ofiermg  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Walk. 

LlTlUM  AURATUM.  —  Good,  plump", 
sound  Bulbs,  6r..  9..,  12J..  i8r..  and  241.  per  dozen  ; 
extra  strong,  3or.  ai.d  42J.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIESat 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S  Eslabli.hment  for  New  and  Rate 
PlanU,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  London,  S.W. 

KENTIA  SEEDS. — A  new  importation  just 
come   to  hand  ;    75  per  cent,  guaranteed  to  germinate. 
For  Trade  price  and  samples  w.'iie  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr..  Breslau.  Germany. 

To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP. 
MANGEL,  and  most  kinds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offers  of  the  same— 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  of  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYE.GRASSES  and  NATURAL  GRASSES  —  to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 

P   I    R  ^   A        JAP     O   N    I    C   A, 

fine  Imporled  Clumps,  \is.  dd  per  roo. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  (German  Crowns),  very  fine. 

Low  rffcrs  on  application. 
WATKISS   AND   SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  On  pots). 

FRANCIS  R.   KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
Stocks  of  the  above  in  alt  leading  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  applicatioo. 

Richmond,  Surrey. 


ROSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  The  best 
and  cheapest  in  the  world.  Forty  choice  Perpeluais  for 
2tj.  Purchaser's  selection  Irom  400  best  varieties.  CATA- 
LOGUES free  on  application.  Ten  acres  of  Roses,  ioo,cco 
grand  plants  10  select  from. 

JAMES  WALTERS,  Rose  Grower,  Exeter. 

AING'S    DUTCH    BULBS.  —  The  finest 

Roots.  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS.  NARCISSUS.  CRO- 
CUS.  SNOWDROPS,   LILY  of   the  VALLEY,  SPIR.€A. 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs.     Imporutions  from  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Bulb  Merchants.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

INE3. — Strong  and  extra   strong,  ripened 

ithout  bottom-heat ;  leading  vaiieties,  55.,  71.  6(/.,  and 


V 


loj.  id.  each. 

JaS.  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  ''New 


is,  Cheste: 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cau- 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard).  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.  E. 
Telegrams-"  Floriculture  Loneon."      Established  1854. 

IMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 
Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 
full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 
also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 
Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 
THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION 
10,  Cullum  Street,  London,  E.C. 


7o6 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886. 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 

On  and  after  Jan.    i,     1887, 
the  Price  of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
will  be 
Reduced      to      Three      Pence. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Wednesday  and  Saturday  Next. 
ROSES,  SHRUBS,  BORDER  PLANTS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  and 
SATURDAY  NEXT,  Decembers  and  n,  at  half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely  each  day,  first-class  Standard  and  Dwarf 
ROSES  to  name,  ORNAMENTAL  SHRUBS  and  CONI- 
FERS, FRUIT  TREES,  RORDER  PLANTS  o(  sorts, 
and  a  great  assortment  of  DUTCH   BULBS. 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7193). 
ANGR/ECUM   SANDERIANUM,  superb  novelty. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
D.4Y  NEXT,  December  9,  at  half-pist  12  o'Clock  precisely, 
a  verygrand  importation  of  ANGR^CUM  SANDERIANUM, 
one  of  the  very  finest  of  the  genus.  The  individual  flawers  are 
near  Kotschyi,  but  the  flowers  ate  borne  mote  abundantly  on 
spikes,  often  teaching  25  in  number.  They  are  pure  white, 
and,  including  tails,  12  inches  long.  It  is  an  altogether  superb 
new  Orchid. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next  (Sale  7293). 
Sixty    specialty    fine     Masses    of    the    Popayan    variety    of 
CATTLEYA   TRIANi«,  just  received  direct,   including 
many  compact  pieces,   with    thick  green  leaves,  and    m 
splendid  condition. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the 
above  in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT,  December  9. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next— (Sale  No.  7293). 
ANGR/ECUM     SCOTTIANUM,    in      splendid    condition  ; 
ANGR.«CUM    LEONII,    large    pUnts  :    CATTLEYA 
PERCIVALIANA,  fine  masses. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  WC,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  December  9, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  a  grand  lot  of  the  extremely 
rare  and  beautiful  ANGR^CUM  SCOTTIANUM,  in  large 
and  wonderful  pieces,  the  whole  in  superb  condition  :  also 
strong  pieces,  in  fine  order,  of  the  following  ; — ONCIDIUM 
MACRANTHUM,  O.  NUBIOENUM,  ODONTOGLOS- 
SUM  HALLI  LEUCHOGLOSSUM,  ANGR-«CUM 
LEONII,  in  splendid  condiiion  ;  CATTLEYA  PERCI- 
VALIANA, and  other  rare  and  fine  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next-(Sale  No.  7293.) 
10,000  splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM.just  received 
from    Japan  in  the   finest  fossible  condition  ;  5000  South 
African  TUBEROSES;  two  cases  of  ARAUCARIAS,  Sic. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
December  9. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  la  Flower  and  Bud. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud 
will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  December  16,  and  he  will  be 
gbd  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  Entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
please  send  particulars  not  later  than  THURSDAY  NEXT. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

MONDAY.  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY  NEXT. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  EC,  on  MONDAY,  THURSDAY, 
and  SATURDAY  NEXT  (December  6,  9,  and  it),  at  half-past 
II  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  thousands  of  Double  and  Single 
HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and 
other  BULBS  from  Holland,  in  great  variety,  lotted  to  suit 
large  and  small  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
N.B.— The  SALE  on  MONDAY  NEXT  will  include  5000 
splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM. 


Monday  and  Wednesday  Next. 

8000  LILIUM  AURATUM,  splendid  bulbs,  just  received  from 

Japan,  in  very  fine  condition. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE   and   MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  the  SALES  at  their  Central 
Auction  Rooms  as  follow  : — 

MONDAY,  December  6,  5000  bulbs. 
WEDNESDAY,  December  8.  3000  bulbs. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

CATTLEYA  LAWRENCEANA. 

A  wonderful  importation  of  this  beautiful  Cattleya,  j  ust  received 
in  the  best  possible  health,  and  including  masses  of  extra- 
ordinary size  well  furnished  with  leaves. 

The  ENTIRE  IMPORTATION  will  be  offered  without  the 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Man,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London, 
E,C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT.  December  10,  at  half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  a  marvellous  importation  of  this  grand 
CATTLEYA,  from  the  Roraima  Mountains,  collected  and  sent 
home  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Osmer  (by  the  R.M.S.  Nile),  who  has  been 
travelling  and  collecting  Orchids  for  many  years. 

The  consignment  has  arrived  in  the  very  best  condiiion,  and 
the  plants  have  the  appearance  of  having  been  gathered  but  a 
few  days,  being  particularly  fresh  and  healthy.  Many  of  the 
lots  will  consist  of  extraordinary  masses  with  from  90  to  100  red 
bulbs  full  of  leaves. 

This  extremely  beautiful  Cattleya  is  described  in  the  Gar- 
deners' ChroiiicU,  March  14,  1885,  p.  338  ;  March  2i,  pp.  374 
and  375  ;  and  August  8,  pp.  168  and  169  of  the  same  year. 

It  has  also  been  recently  figured  in  the  Keichenbachia, 
Part  III. 

The  entire  importation  will  be  sold  without  the  least  reserve, 
as  the  whole  of  the  lots  must  be  disposed  of,  Mr.  Mau  having 
no  place  to  accommodate  them. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchids,  December  21. 

SPECIAL  SALE  FOR  CHRISTMAS  DECORATION. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
will  take  place  as  above,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to 
RECEIVE  NOTICE  of  ENTRIES  as  EARLY  as 
POSSIBLE. 


Wednesday  Next. 
3000  LILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan,  very  fine  bulbs 
2000  TIGRIDIAS  of  sorts,  200  CYPRIPEDIUM  SPEC- 
TABlLE.  splendid  masses;  500  CAMELLIAS.  AZA- 
LEAS,  PALMS,  and  other  PLANTS  :  600  English.grown 
Standard  and  Dwaif  ROSES,  a  choice  assortment  of 
English-grown  LILIES  and  other  hardy  BULBS.  Barr's 
DAFFODILS.  LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  500  SPIR/EA 
JAPONICA,  CARNATIONS,  &c. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE    AND   MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale    Rooms,    67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT   December  8.  at  half-past  13  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  i>ale,  and  Catalogues  bad. 


Brixton,  S.W. 

IMPORTANT  TO  MARKET  GROWERS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  an  EARLY 
DATE  (unless  an  acceptable  offer  either  to  rent  or  purchase  be 
made  previously),  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY  and  about 
20.000  feet  of  GLASS,  all  in  capiul  working  order.  Ground 
rent  very  low. 

Arrangements  can  be  made  for  allowing  a  portion  of  the 
money  to  remain,  thus  bringing  the  property  within  the  reach  of 
small  capitalists. 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week,  and  in  the  meantime 
can  be  obtained  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

TO  FLOWER  GROWERS. —  We  hold 
SALES  by  AUCTION  in  our  Vaults,  in  the  Market 
Hall,  every  TUESDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
Growers  will  find  Birmtngham  a  good  market.  Cheque  for- 
warded every  week,  or  earlier  if  desired. 

POPE  AND  SONS,  Central  Avenue,  Market  Hall, 
Birmingham. 


WANTED,  small  NURSERY,  with  Glass 
Erections,  wiihia  a  few  miles  of  London.     State  price, 
with  particulars,  to 

A.  B.,  a,  Abbey  Lane,  West  End  Lane.  Kilburo.  N.W. 

OR  SALE,  a  First-class  FLORIST'S  and 

FRUITERER'S  BUSINESS,  in  West  End  of  London. 
Good  position  ;  price  moderate.     Apply,  by  letter  only, 
A.    B.,   6,  The    Broadway,    Balham,    S.W. 


To  FlorlBta,  Nurserymen,  fte. 

FOR  SALE,  a  splendid  Site  of  FREEHOLD 
LAND,   only    a   few   minutes  distance    from    Hampton 
Station,  with  immediate  possession. 
Apply  to  Mr.  J.  EMBLETON,  Suffolk  House.  KawHamptOD. 


Handbrldee  Nurseries,  Chester. 
TO     NURSERYMEN     AND     SEEDSMEN. 

TO  BE  SOLD  by  Tender,  the  GOODWILL 
in  the  abore  NURSERIES,  held  under  a  lease  from  Hit 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Westminster,  K.G.,  for  an  unexpired  term  of 
nine  years,  at  an  annual  rent  of  £so  tos.,  and  extending  in 
area  to  an  acreage  of  7  a,  s  r.  31  p. ,  which  is  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation. 

ToKether  with  the  valuable  stock  growing  thereon,  which  con- 
■taU  of  young  and  healthy  Trees,  Plants,  &c.,  capable  of  imm»- 
diate  removal  for  business  purposes.  Arrangements  can  be  made 
for  a  transferof  the  Lease.  A  detailed  Inventory  and  Valuation 
can  be  inspected  at  the  Of&ces  of  the  undersigned  Solicitors. 

Tenders  must  be  left  with  us  not  later  than  the  i5lh  day  of 
DECEMBER  inst.,  and  the  Vendors  will  not  be  bound  to 
accept  the  lowest  or  any  Tender. 

Further  information  and  to  inspect,  may  be  obtained  from 
BRIDGMAN,  WEAVER,  and  JONES,  Solicitors,  NewgaU 
Street.  Chester. 


To  Gentlemen,  Nursennnen,  Qaxdeners,  ttc 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  FREEHOLD  GLASS 
NURSERY,  SEED,  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  in 
one  of  the  best  manufacturing  parts  of  Yorkshire.  A  chance 
seldom  to  be  met  with,  the  owner  and  occupier  wishing  to 
retire  from  business. 

Apply    by   letter,     B.  C,   Gardeners'   Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Welhnelon  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  S'  ROYAL 

BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 
DAVID  DAY,  formerly  Nurseryman  in  Oxford,  is  a  Candi- 
dare  for  the  Pension  at  the  Election  in  January  next.  His  late 
Father,  also  a  Nurseryman  in  Oxford,  was  a  Subscriber  to  the 
Institution  for  upwards  of  20  years,  and  the  Son  about  q  years. 
The  undersigned,  respectfully  solicit  from  Subscribers  pro- 
mises of  support  at  the  ensuing  Eleciion. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nurseries,  London.  N. 


Corporation  of  Leeds. 
TO        NURSERYMEN,        &c 

TENDERS    REQUIRED,   not    later    than 
THURSDAY.    December   9.    for   the   supply   of    3930 
TREES  and  SHRUBS,  for  Wortley  Recreation  Ground. 

For  particulars  apply  BOROUGH  ENGINEER'S  OFFICE, 
Municipal  Buildings. 


NORTH  FINCHLEY.— 6  acres  MARKET 
GARDEN,   and   to  acres  PASTURE,    about   eleven 
years'  lease  ;  low  renL     Premium,  including  Sheds,  &c.,  ;£i5o. 
Apply  by  letter  to  Mr.  PATERSON,  Moss   Hall  Lodge, 
North  Finchley;  or  7,  Bouverie  Street,  Fleet  Street,  EC. 

''PO~BE^LETrat  Small  RentairHANWELL 

±.  PARK  GARDENS,  close  to  Hanwell  and  Castle  Hill 
Ealing  Stations  on  the  Great  Western  and  Midland  District 
Railways,  7  miles  from  London,  a  short  notice  being  necessary  if 
sold  or  required  for  Building  purposes.  The  rent  will  be 
nominal  to  any  one  undertaking  to  keep  them  in  neat  order  and 
care  for  House  and  Premises  where  they  nuty  live.  Gardens 
DOW  in  neglected  state. 

After  viewing,  vnrite  to  the  owner,  J.  J.  SUDBURY,  Esq., 
Ludlow. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Uarket  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 
BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE   and  MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL      REGISTER     contains     fuU 
particulars  of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London*  £.0. 


Royal  Parks,  &c..  Grass  Seeds. 

THE  COMMISSIONERS  of  HER 
MAJESTY'S  WORKS,  &c-.  are  prepared  to  RECEIVE 
TENDERS  for  the  SUPPLY  of  GRASS  SEEDS  for  use  in 
the  Royal  Parks.  &c.,  during  the  year  1887.  Forms  of  Tender, 
containing  full  particulars  may  be  obtained  at  this  Office  any 
day  excepting  Saturday,  between  the  hours  of  11  and  3.  TEN- 
DERS are  to  be  DELIVERED  before  is  o'Clock  noon  on 
WEDNESDAY,  the  15th  of  December  next,  addressed  to  the 
SECRETARY,  H.M.  Office  of  Works,  &c.,  12,  Whitehall 
Place,  London.  S.W.,  and  endorsed,  "Tender  for  Grass  Seeds, 
Royal  Parks,  &c. 

'The   Commissioners  do   not   bind  themselves  to  accept  the 
lowest  or  any  Tender.  H.  W.  PRIMROSE,  Secretary, 

H.  M.  Office  of  Works,  &c.,  .2.  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. 

November  17,  1886. 

Landscape  Gardening. 

HF.  MALLER  (of  the  firm  of  B.  Mailer  & 
•  Sons),  late  pupil  ol  the  Crystal  Palace  School  of  Land- 
scape Gardening,  is  prepared  to  FURNtSH  PLANS,  or  under- 
take any  kind  of  the  above  work. — 61,  High  Street,  Lewisham. 


FOR  SALE,  a  large  LATANIA  BORBO- 
NICA,  15  leaves,  7  feet  high,  11  feet  through  ;  3  Tree 
FERNS,  Dicksonia  aniarctica  ;  4  Specimen  CROTONS  ;  6 
Specimen  STEPHANOTIS  ;  i  Specimen  MARANTA 
VEITCHII. 

A.  WEBB,  Kelham  Hall,  Newark,  Notts. 


THE      PLANTING     SEASON. 
NATIVE  LARCH,  -I'A  to  3M  f«ti  transplanted. 
NATIVE  SCOTCH  FIR,  from  Braemar  seed,  I'/i  to  I'A  feet, 

twice  transplanted. 
NORWAY  SPRUCE,  Bnely  feathered,   ij^   to  2  feet,  trans. 

planted. 
SILVER  FIR,  clean  topped.  9  to  18  inches,  transplanted. 
SYCAMORE.  ASH.  LIME,  ELM,  and  PRIVET,  and  every 
variety  of  FOREST  TREES. 

All  finely  rooted  and  grown  on  sharp  upland  soil. 

Prices  very  moderate,  for  which  apply  to 

HOGG  AND  WOOD,  Nurserymen,  Coldstream,  Scotland. 


F 


LOWERING        PLANTS. 

BOUVARDIAS,  iSj.  per  dozen. 
CARNATIONS,  Tree,  i8r.,  241.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  CAFFRA,  91.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  CAFFRA,  specimens,  30J.,  42*.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  GRACILI?,  gr..  i2r.  per  dozen. 
ERICA  HYEMALI3.  9J  ,  i>i.,  i8i.,  301.  per  dozen. 
HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E, 

O  THE  TRADE.— Green   EUONYMUS. 

splendid,   well. grown  stuff,    i   foot,    121.  ;  iH  foot,  i6j.  ; 
■  feet,  15*.  per  too  :  very  strong  and  bushy. 

A.  U.  GORRINGE,  75,  Terminus  Road,  Eastbourne. 


ROSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — The    finest 
Dwarf  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  61. 
per  dozen,   package  included.    Special  prices  for  quantities. 
The  Trade  supplied. 
A.   U.   GORRINGE,    75,   Terminus    Road,   Eastbourne. 

PRIVET.— A  Large  Stock  of  exceedingly  fine 
bushy  oval-leaved  Privet,   4  to  6  feet   high.     Piice  on 
application  to 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames. 


HG.  TRENKMANN.Weissenfels,  on  the 
•     Saale,  Germany,  Raiser  of  fine  FLOWER  SEEDS, 
offers  the  same  at  the  cheapest  prices. 

A  CATALOGUE  sent,  post-free,  00  application. 


WHINHAM'S  INDUSTRY  GOOSE- 
BERRY. — The  original  stock  of  this  variety,  raised 
by  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Whinham.  of  Morpeth,  offered  in  fine 
plants.  4J.  per  dozen.     Trade  Price  on  application. 

THOMAS  MATHESON.  Nurseries.  Morpeth. 


CHRISTMAS  TREES.— SPRUCE  FIRS, 
a  feet,  8^.  per  loo;  3^  feet,  i)S.  per  loo  ;  3  feet,  la/.  per 
100  ;  4  feet.  161,  per  100  ;  without  roots,  5  feet,  30J.;  6  feet, 
4/.  per  doxen.  All  busby  and  well  furnished.  Remittance 
with  order. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 

YPRIPEDIUM    L^VIGATUM.— Special 

offer  previous  to  potting.  Healthy,  sound,  newly  im- 
ported plants,  50  for  £6  ;  25  for  ^^3  roj.  :  12  for  .^2, 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 

AMARYLLIS. — Just  imported  from  Jamaica, 
grown  from  bulbs  supplied  by  Messrs.  Veitch  :  well- 
matured  bulbs  of  foUowing  varieties  :-THOMAS  SPEED, 
;£2perdozen:  ditto.  Seedlings,  305.  per  dozen.  EMPRESS  OF 
INDIA,  Seedhngs,  30J.  per  doz.  HIPPEASTRUM  EQUES- 
TRE,  6f.  t)er  dozen.  The  Seedlings  have  been  flowered,  and  are 
supenor  to  original  varieties.  Samples  on  receipt  of  postal  order. 
J.  RUSSELL,  Devonshue  Nursery,  Haverstock  Hill,  N. 

HARLES     SHARPE     AND     CO.,    Seed 

Merchants,  Sleaford,  having  now  completed  Harvested 
their  selected  Stocks  of  SWEDES,  TURNIPS,  MANGELS, 
and  other  varieties  of  Agricultural,  Kitchen  Garden  and 
Flower  Seeds,  will  have  much  pleasure  in  making  Special  Offeri 
to  the  Trade  on  application. 

RUIT  TREES.— Well-ripened  clean  trees. 

Best  sons  of  APPLES,  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES,  Standards  and  Pyramids,  n.  6d.  to  21.  W.  each  ; 
Trained,  is  64.  to  35. 6rf.  each.  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES, 
and  PEACHES,  extra  large  trained  Fruiting Tre«s,  $•■  'o  71.  td. 
each.  CATALOGUES  gratU. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


December  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


707 


To   the  Trade. 
Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  AGRICULTURAL  SEEDS. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  are  now  prepared  to 
•  give  special  quotations  of  all  the  principal  varieties  of 
VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  raised  on  their  own  Seed 
Farms  this  season  from  the  choicest  selected  stocks.  The 
quality  is  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  very  low.  Samples  may 
be  had  on  application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

C^  irrv  I  A     H  ImTn^TOP  H  Y  LL~U  M, 
A  specialty. 
Seedling  Plants  of  the  best  varieties,   i-year,  31J.   td.   per 
loj;  2-year,  b^s.  per  100  ;  3  year,  1681.  per  100.     These  last  are 
able  to  flower  this  winter. 

Seedlings  of  C.  LINDENI,  four  and  five  years,  in  bud.  5^.  6</. 
each,  (yas.  per  dozen.     Seeds  of  the  best  sorts.  15J.  per  100. 
ED.    PYNAERT,    Ghent. 

NDRE    LEROY'S    Nurseries,   at    Angers, 

France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES.  SHRUBS. 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES.  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878- 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  and  SCULL, 
90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 20  inches  high  — Latania  borbinica,  \s.  dd.  ;  Sea- 
lorthia  elegaas,  ix.  dd.  ;  Areca  lutescens,  \s.  hd  ;  Phosnix 
reciinata,  ix.  6i£  ;  Euterpe  edulis.  is.  6d.  ;  Corypha  australis, 
If.  6d.  ;  six  for  8s..  or  12s.  6d.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  2s.  to  5s.  each 

PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high—Latania  bor- 
bonica,  SeaforihiaeIegans,Pha;tiix  tenuis  and  Phccaix  reclinata, 
6J.  each,  or  41.  per  dozen.     Pa-ikages  and  delivery  free. 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  51.  to  $os.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  HiM,  London,  N. 

UHRUBS   and   CONIFER/E.— Laurustinus, 

k3  2  feet,  bushy,  37.1.  per  roo.  Arbutus  Unedo.  2  feet.  40s. 
per  100.  Aucuba  japonica,  2  to  2^3  feet,  40s.  per  100.  Box, 
Tree,  sorts,  ij^  to  2  feet,  ys.  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
I2J.  per  100.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  aj^  feet,  16.J  per  1  o. 
Grislinia  littoralis,  2  feet,  35X.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay,  i^4  to  2  feet, 
30*.  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  ij^  to  2  feet,  3^J.  per 
103;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  40J.  per  100,  extra  fine.  Abies 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  301,  per  loo ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet.  40J.  per 
100 ;  ditto,  4  to  5  feet,  jos.  per  too,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbricata.  2  to  3^4  feet,  42^.  per  dozen:  ditto,  3  to 
354  feet,  60J.  per  dozen.  Cupressus  I.awsonii,  il4  to  2  feet, 
i6s.  per  100  ;  ditto.  2  to  2j^  feet,  20s.  per  100  ;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet. 
50f.  per  100.  Cupressus  erecta  viridis,  i^^  to  2  feet,  30X.  per 
xoo;  ditto.  2  to  2%  feet,  40f.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
1%  to  2  feet,  30X.  per  100  ;  ditto.  2  to  2J4  feet,  40J.  per  loa, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniana,  2  feet,  40^.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2%  feet,  2SS.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  1000  for  smaller 
iizes.     GARLIES  MIICHELL,  Nurseryman.  Stranraer. 

New  £arl7  Peas. 

To  the  Trade  and  Growers  for  Early  MaTket. 

EARLY   KENILVVORTH   and  WILLIAM 
THE  CONQUEROR. 
Thesetwo  gems  have  no  equals  for  Earlmesc,  Cropping.  Colour, 
and  Table  Quality. 
TestimoniaU  and  price  free  on  application  to 
W.  BURBURV,  Seedsman,  &c.,  The  Crew.  Kenilworth. 

WARE  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest  kinds. 

The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selection  No.  i,  50s.  per  100. 


CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 


APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  offering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  5^  each  ;  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  Nurseries    Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

Special  Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  for 
Sale  500,000  RHODODENDRONS,  varying  in  size 
from  4  to  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet— Cunningham's  White. 
Jacksoni,  caucasicum,  pictum.  Seedling  Hybrids.  Hybrid 
ponticum,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plants. 
HOLLIES,  CONIFERS,  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quantities;  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis  and  post- 
free,  on  application  to  the  Nurseries,  Milton.  Sloke-on-Treot. 
Our  Nurseries  are  no  acres. 

ILIUM     AURATUM.— MORLE    &    Co.'s 

consignments  are  now  arriving  in  splendid  condition, 
guaranteed.  The  cheapest  for  quality  in  the  trade.  Fine,  sound, 
firm  heavy  Bulbs,  4$.,  6s.,  gj.,  and  12s.  per  dozen  ;  30c.,  45^. 
to  751.  per  100.     Samples  on  application. 

I  and  2,  and  162.  Fenchurch  Street,  London.  EC. 

IGHTY    THOUSAND     CLEMATIS,   in 

Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  I2j.  to  24J,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Desaiptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Tbere  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3J.  each. 
All  the  liner  old  kmds  at  is.  to  21.  each. 

SP1R^,A  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  dusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLB,  Bagshot. 

ROSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  Marichal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietta,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  8  to  t2  feet  long,  in  7-inch  pots.  ax.  6d.,  js.  and  35  6d. 
each  :  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardins.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7-inch  pots,  us,  and  3or.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURALCO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard.  Garston,  LiverpooL 


L ILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan,  2  inches 

LILIUM  LONGIFLORUM,  from  Japan,  :6s.  per  ico. 
Vlf ATKINS  AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb   Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS,  MVOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS,  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  coloiu-,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ij.  per  dozen  ;  55.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  is.  per  dozen;  41.  per  100;  35^. 
per  I030. 

VIOLAS  and  bedding  PANSIES.  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  ir.  6J.  per  doz:  Ss.  per  100. 

200,000  of  the  finest  Hardy  Perennials, 

all  best  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  6s.  per  dozeiu 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3s.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  31.  6J.  per  d^zen. 
PHLOXES.  I  year,  31.  ;  2  years,  51.  per  dozen. 
PVREIHRUMS.  <!.  per  dozen;  21s.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double  white,  lilac  and  sulphur,  31.    6d.  per 

PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  German  IRIS,  21.  id.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  English  IRIS.  ir.  per  dozen  ;  $s.  per  100. 

HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  ^s.  per  dozen  ;  2sr. 
per  100. 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shades,  31.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  PERENNIALS  in  variety,  for  continuous  bloom, 
12  kinds,  3r  ;  25  kinds.  6s.  ;  50  kinds,  izr.  6d.  ;  ico  varieties, 
3or.  ;  loo  plants  in  50  varieties,  s8(.  ;  200  varieties,  6or. 

Stove  and  Greenhouso  Plants 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  ;  five  houses  from  100  to  170 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  for  winter  and  spring  stock,  12  varieties,  6s.  ;  25 
varieties,  151.  ;  50  varieties,  35s. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 

APPLES,    PEARS.    PLUMS,    and   CHERRIES,   Pyramids, 

gs.   and   I2r.   per  dozen  ;  Standards,  gs  ,  12s.,  and  18;.  per 

dozen  ;  dwarf-trained,  iSr. ,  215.,  and  21s.  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBIlRRIES,  as.  6rf.  to  4s.  per  dozen, 

I  ST.  to  2CS.  per  100. 
RASPBERRIES,  is  to  2i.  per  dczen ;  6j  to  12s.  oer  100. 
RHUBARB,  is.  to  61.  per  dozen      CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,   35  of  the  best  varieties,  ground   plants. 

2r.  6d.  per  100  ;  in  2^-inch  pots,  lor.  6J.  per  100  :  in  s-inch 

pots,  for  forcing,  251.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  31. 

10  51.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  7*.  6rf.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Roses. 
Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  of  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  7s.  :  50  for  35s.  ;  ico  for  455. 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,  NOISETTES,  &c.,  6s.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees.  Evergreen  and  Deciduous   Shrubs, 
Conifers.  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  a'l  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 

most   healihy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
FOREST  TREES  of  sons,  6s.  per  dozen  ;  40J.  per  100. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  to  9s.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  and  60s. 

per  103. 
DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  41.  per  dozsn 

251  per  100 
RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet, pink. crimson,  &c  , 

shades,  i8s.  and  24s.  per  dczen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  lor   hedges,  ;i.   pet   ico  ;    45s. 

per  I005. 
THORN  QUICKS,  zos.  and  25J.  per  1000. 

^^  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.     CLIBRAN    &    SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY.   ALTRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 

SPECIAL     CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 


A  large  and  select  stock  i 


r  offered  for  Sale. 


■The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Savvbridgeworth,  Herts. 

ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  E/. 
per  dozen,  6oj-.  per  loo.  STANDARDS,  i<^s, 
per  dozen,  105.?.  per  loo.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 

These  World-famed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
i;ive  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  iSj.  to  36.?.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 


RIQHARD    SMITHr  &   CO., 

oii*:qV  n,   r:WORCESTER.?.ici.i   aau 


SPECIAL       NO  TICE.— 
Oh   and  after   jfan,    i,    1887, 
the   Price  of  the 
"Gardeners'  Chronicle" 
will  be 

Reduced      to      Three      Pence. 


SMALL  SHRUBS  and  CONIFERS  :- 
Cupressus  Lawsonii,  12  to  15  inches,  transplanted,  80J. 
per  1000;  C.  erecta  viridis,  i  to  ij^  foot,  extia.  \2S.  per 
100;  C.  slricta,  10  to  12  inches,  izx.  per  100;  C.  Rracilis, 
10  inches.  121.  per  icd  ;  Cedrus  Deod^ra,  2-yr.,  50J.  per 
1000;  Thnia  Lobbii.  9  to  12  inches,  5of.  per  1000;  T.  EHwah- 
geriana,  9  to  10  inches,  i2t.  per  100  ;  Thuiopsis  dolobrata,  9  lo 
10  inches,  transplanted,  lor.  per  100  ;  Retinospora  plumosa,  t3 
to  15  inches,  bushy,  121.  per  100  ;  R.  squmosa,  9  inches,  trans- 
planted, 101.  per  100  ;  Araucaria  imbricata,  8  inches,  fine,  401. 
per  100  ;  Pious  Cembra,  i-yr.,  51.  per  1000  ;  Pinus  excelsa,  a-yr. 
i-yr.  transplanied.  xqs.  per  100;  Pinus insignis,  i-yr.  transplanted, 
6f.  per  100;  Pinus  Nordmanniana  i-yr.,  251.  per  1000;  Abies 
Douglasii,  6  inches,  ts.  per  loo  ;  ditto,  9  to  12  inches,  lar.  per 
100  ;  English  Yew,  6  to  9  inches,  Zs.  per  100  ;  American  Arbor- 
vita,  9  to  10  inches,  50J.  per  1000 ;  Box  trees.  9  to  10  inches, 
40J.  per  1000;  Sweet  Bay,  9  to  12  inches,  js.  6d.  per  100; 
Evergreen  Oaks,  2-yr.,  fine,  6s.  per  100  ;  Laurustinus,  8  inches. 
8s.  per  lOD  ;  Portugal  Laurels,  transplanted,  6  to  8  inches,  60s. 
per  1000  :  Common  Laurels,  2-yr.,  2ar  per  1000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman.  Stanraer. 

Fox  and  Game  Covert. 

FOREST  TREES.  —  English  BROOM, 
lor.  6d.  per  1000  ;  English  FURZE,  loj.  6d.  per  1000 : 
Evergreen  PRIVET,  "251.  per  icoo ;  LAUKELS.  15J.,  201.  per 
100:  MAHONIAS,  ,5r,20J.,per  103;  Green  BOX.  20J.,  30J., 
100  :  Bitter  OSIERS.  20J.  per  1000  :  BIRCH,  WYC«  ELM. 
HAZEL,  POPLARS.  LARCH,  Scotch  SPRUCE,  Austrian 
PINE,  SiC.     Price  LISTS  on  application  to 

W.JVIAULE  AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries.  Bristol. 

LI   M 'e  S    —    ELM  S~  —   L  Fm  E  S. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,      best     red-twigged     variety,      12    to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Northampton. 

AING'S     GOLD     MEDAL     BEGONIA 

TUBERS,  free  by  Post. 

NAMED  SINGLES,  from  12*.  to  42J.  per  dozen. 

UNNAMED  SEEDLINGS,  selected  to  colour  for  pots,  from 

BEDDING,  selected  to  colour,  qj.  per  dozen.         1 1 2J.  per  dor. 

„     mixed  colouis,  3s.  1065.  per  doz.     CATALOGUES  gratis. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


To  the  Trade. 
SEED  POTATOS. 

HAND     F.     SHARPE'S     Special    Price 
•     LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS  is  now  ready,  and  maybe 
had  on  application.     It  comprises  all  the  best  vaneties  in  cul- 
tivatirn   grown   soecially   for   Seed    purposes    from  the    finest 
selected  stocks.     The  prices  will  be  found  very  advantageous. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

HE  AUTUMN  for  FOREST  PLANTING 

and  HEDGING —Alder,  3  to  4  feet,  aas.  per  1000. 
Ash.  2  to  3  feet.  17s.  per  1000 ;  ditto,  ^  to  4  feet,  20J.  per  1000. 
Birch,  2  to  3  feet,  aoj.  per  looo.  Spanish  Chestnut.  2  to  3  feet, 
2CS.  per  1000.  Elm,  2  to  3  feet.  i6s.  per  1000  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
20J.  per  1000.  Larch,  i  to  1%  Coot,  12J  6a.  per  loco ;  ditto, 
1%  to  2  feet,  14^.  per  1000;  ditto  ,t  to  2%  feet,  16s.  per  1000 ; 
ditto,  2^  to  3  feet,  i8j  per  1000;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet,  22^.  per 
iDoo  ;  ditto,  5  to  6  feet.  35r.  per  1000.  Spruce  Fir,  i  to  1%  foot, 
101.  per  1000 ;  ditto,  i  J^  to  2  feet,  las.  per  1000  :  ditto,  2  to  2% 
feet.  i6s.  per  icoo ;  ditto,  3  feet,  bushy,  loj.  per  100.  Scotch 
Fir,  I  to  iJ4  foot,  131.  per  icoo  ;  ditto.  2  to  2^  feel,  iSs.  per 
lox).  Hazels.  3  feet,  20s.  per  10:0.  Oaks,  2  to  3  feet,  17s.  od. 
Sycamore^  2  to  3  feet.  i6s.  per  1000;  ditto.  3  to  4 


Thoi 


iK  1 


:  feet. 


2j^  feet,  i6s.  per  1000 ;  ditto,  3  feet,  20s.  per  icoa  Privets, 
i  3  feel,  i6s.  per  1000.  Privets  ovalifoimm,  2  to  2I4  feet, 
tier  rooo :  ditto,  4  feet,  extra  bushy,  12J.  per  100.  Beech, 
2j^Jeet,  iSi^per  icoo.     Myrabolana   Plum,  2  feet,  251.  per 


TTiNES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black    Ham- 

V  burgh  and  other  Frmting  Vines.  loi.  6d.  each  ;  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines,  $s.  and  7s.  6d.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition,     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  Uohn  Cowan), 
Limited.  1  he  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

Sweet-Scented  Rhododeadrons 
TSAAC  DAVIES  and  SON  have  this  season  a 

J-     fine  stock  of  the  above,  mostly  well  filled  with  flower-buds, 
at  2t   61.  to  3*.  6d.  each. 

These  varieties  requUe  no  special  treatment,  but  care  should 
be  taken  not  to  give  ihem  toomuch  fire-heat.  We  are  informed 
that  in  South  Wales  they  have  withstood  the  severest  weather 
in  the  open  ground  uninjured,  but  it  is  well  to  give  the  protec< 
tion  of  glass  to  bring  the  flowers  to  perfection. 

Descriptive   CATALOGUE  on  application. 
Ormskirk.  Lancashire. 


Finest  Quality,  Extra  Cheap. 

MORLE      AND      CO.     offer;  — 
AZALEA  INDICA,  full  of  flower-buds,  15^.,  au.,  and 
3or.  per  di-zen. 
CAMELLIAS,  full  o(  flower-buds,  iSf.,  241.,  to  36J.  per  dciin  ; 

specimens.  51.  to  15*.  each.. 
RHODODENDRONS,  finest  named,  \Zs.  to  30*.  per  dozen 
DEUTZtA  GRACILIS,  extra  strong,  ts.  per  dozenT 
SPIRv^CA  JAPONICA.  extra  strong,  45.  per  dozen. 
LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  extra  strong  Berlin  Crowns,  6s  per  ico. 
TUBEROSES,  Double  African  and  American  PearL     Largest 
and    cheapest  stock   in  the   Trade.      Sea    special    LIST. 
Trade  Supplied. 
MORLE    AND   CO,.  4  and  a,   Fenchurch  Street :   and  at 
Child's  Hill  Farm  Nursery,  FinchJey  Road,  N.W. 


7og 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886, 


CLEMATIS  JACKMANNI,  very  strong  and 
broad,  6  or  7  feet  high.  £,1,  15J.  :  5  or  6  feet  hifth.  .£3  per 
100.  Package  included ;  free  iu  Rotterdam.  Orders,  cabh 
payment,  or  P.O.O. 

BOOY  AND  ROSBERGEN,  Boskoop,  Holland. 

CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

CHOICE    PLANTS 

.ta'  100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLAHTS. 

in  100  varieties,  for  4?j.,  6jj.,  or  105^. 

Other  offers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA.  covered  with  flower  buds,  i8.r.  and  241. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  for  cool  or  warm  house,  in  n,  a4, 
or  36  varieties,  at  zir.  and  421.  per  dozen. 
,,     100  varieties,  40of.  ;  50  varieties,  looJ.  and  i.'joj. 
TROP.ffiOLUM  azureum,  sr.  M. 
„     tticoloium  Erandiflorum,  is.  6£ 
,,    Brachyceras,  -is. 

BULBS  POST-FREE. 


E.     G.     HENDERSON     &     SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,    Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 


King's  Acre  Nurseries,   Hereford. 

Established,  1785. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 


These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  unsurpassed/or  the  cultivation  of 

ROSES    and   FRUIT    TREES. 


JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO. 

are  now  offering  from  their  magnificent  stock 
ROSES,    Standard    Hybrid     Perpetual,     and 

others.  iM.,  i8j.  to  241.  per  dozen. 

„     Standard  Tea-scented,   fine  heads,    \%s , 

24J.  to  30s.  per  dozen. 

„     Dwarf  Hybrid  Perpetual,  8j.  to  I2J.  per 
„     Dwarf  Tea-scented,  all  on  the  Brier  stock, 

I2r.,  15J  ,  to  i8j   per  dozen. 

Roses  for  Greenhouses  and  for  Forcing. 

SPECIALLY  GROWN  UNDER  GLASS. 
"  The  Largest  and  Finest  StocK  In  the  Kingdom. 
ROSES,  Specimen  Tea-scented,  in  Sand  g-inch 

pO!S. 

„     Half-Specimens,  in  6  and  8-inch  pots. 
„     Smaller  sizes,  in  4  and  5-inch  pots. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

AN  IMMENSE  STOCK. 

Standards,  Pyramids,Dwarf-trained,  Horizontal- 
trained,  Cordons,  &c.,  of 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIEJB, 
PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  APRICOTS, 
CURRANTS,  GOOSEBERRIES,  &c. 


ORCHARD-HOUSE    TREES. 

Fine  bearing  Trees,  well  ripened  under  Glass. 

VINES— Extra  fine  Fruiting  Canes. 
STRAWBERRIES— A  large  Collection— well- 
rooted  Runners. 


Descriptive  CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO,, 

KING'S  ACRE  NURSERIES,  HEREFORD. 


HERBACKOUS 

AND   ALPINE   PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  of  50  Pages,  containing  full  information  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,  time  of  flowering,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDERS,  from  251.  per  100,  or  4J.  per  dozen. 

Most  of  the  Plants  being  in  Pots  may  be  despatched 


time,  or  by  Parcel  Post  when  fit. 


RICHARD      SMITH      &     CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER. 


THE  EARLIEST  OF  ALL 
POTATOS. 


SHARPE'S   VICTOR. 

Sharpe's  Victor  is  a  seedling  raised  from  the  Alma 
Kidney  and  the  old  early  fhort-top  round  Potato.  It  is 
earlier  than  any  present  variety,  and  having  a  very  short 
top  it  is  especially  suit,lble  for  frame  cultivation.  Its  pre- 
cocity is  such  that  it  can  be  had  fit  (or  the  table  in  eight 
weeks,  or  less,  from  the  time  of  planting,  and  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  securing  new  Folates  for  the  table  every  day 
in  the  year.  Victor  is  a  flattened  roundish  oval  in  shape, 
with  a  beautiful  clear  skin  and  extremely  shallow  eyes, 
being  one  of  the  handsomest  as  well  as  the  heaviest 
cropper  of  any  variety  adapted  for  frame  work,  or  for  a 
first  early  crop  outdoors.  It  is  dry  and  mealy  when 
cooked,  and  the  flavour  and  the  quality  of  the  flesh  are 
superior  to  nearly  every  other  variety  at  present  in  use. 

Several  seasons'  trials  have  fully  confirmed  all  that 
has  been  said  in  favour  of  the  Victor  Potato.  It  is  proved 
to  be  the  earliest,  most  prolific,  and  best  flavoured  of  all 
the  early  Potatos  ;  and  for  pot  culture  is  unrivalled. 

Price,  6d.  per  Pound. 


Messrs.  J.  Sr"  J.  ELLISON  write  as  follows  :— 

"  Mr.  UsHKR,  Gardener  to  C.  H.  Johnson,  Esq.,  Thorgum 
bald  Hall,  planted  Victor  Potatos  on  January  26,  and  placed  i 
dish  on  his  employer's  table  on  March  8  ;  Irom  planting  t( 
jilting  being  only  SIX  WEEKS." 

'■  Mr.  Melville,  Gaidener  to  Mrs. _Harns_by,  St._V» 
Grantham,  has  this  season  gi 
in  SIX  WEEKS  from  planting. 


1  the  Victor  Potato  fit  fjr  table 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SLEAFORD. 


FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES,  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FKUIT  TREE-, 
as  Standards,  Dwarfs,  Pyramids,  Bushes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES,  excellent  Canes,  3s.  6d.  to  loi.  6J.  Orchard  House 
Trees  in  pots,  PEACHES,  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  51.     FIGS  from  31-  6d. 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  of  the  various 
forms  of  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure.  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping.  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Size,  Form,  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour,  Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price,  &c.,  free  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 
SEEDLING        BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

X5J.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection). 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  jJ-  in  s 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Cae 


FBIZK    COB  and  other  NTJT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and   other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  early  as  convenient  to 

Ur.  COOPER,  E.R  H  S.,   Calcot  GaTdenB.   Beading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS    on    application 


.  Calvados,  France. 


PAUL  &  SON'S 

Great    "Hardy   Plant"   Nurseries, 
THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT. 

Sfalion  Great  Eastern  Railway,  13  miles  from  London* 


THE  NEW  EDITION  OF  ROSE 

and  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Tree  Catalogues  are  carefully  pre- 
pared and  worth  consulting  by  Planters. 
Post-free  on  application. 

PATTIi  &  SON'S  CHESHUNT  K0SE3 

have  maintained  the  80  years'  reputation  oi  Paul's  Firm. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  FRUIT  TREES. 

Unquestionably  the  finest  standarJ  App'.es,  Pears,  and 
Plums  in  the  Trade.  50.000  for  Sale.  Large  planters 
should  come  direct  to  the  producers. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  ORNAMENTAL  TREE3. 

Particoloured,  Avenue,  or  Shelter  Trees  in  almost  un- 
rivalled variety. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  SHRUBS  &  EVERGREENS 

Hollies-8  acres  of  the  finest  Gold  and  Silver  kinds.  All 
evergreens  so  'reqntn-.ly  transplanted  as  to  bjsa^e  to  remove, 

PA'UL  &  SON'S  AMERICAN  PLANTS, 

Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  smothered  with  bud.  Grown 
in  loam  at  the  High  Beech  Nursery. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  HERBACEOUS  &  ALPINE 
PLANTS. 

An  immense  variety  at  the  new  Broxb;ufne  Narsery 
specially  devoted  to  these  plants. 

PAUL     &     SON, 

THE    OLD     NURSERIES,     CHESHUNT, 


BE      CAREFUL    IN     THE     ADDRESS. 

Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPriVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 


with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
See  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  Sept  4,  p.  2j8.  Toe  finest  stock  ever 
offered — clean,  healthy,  withgrand  fibrousroots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

JARMAN'S  BULBS 

FIRST  QUALITY.     PRICES  LOW. 

JARMAN'S  SEEDS 


LARGE       DESCRIPTIVE       CATALOGUE 

of  Bulbs,  Seeds,  Roses,  Plants,  Ferns,  &c. 
A  Compklc  Guide  far  Amateurs.     Gratis  aftd  FOit-free. 


AFRICAN      TUBEROSES, 

WM.   RISLEY,  Maritzburg,  Natal. 

(The  Original  Grower.) 
These  splendid  Bulbs,  superior  to  any  in  the  market,  are  now 
being  supplied  to  the  Trade  and  Growers  at  greatly  reduced 
prices,  and  such  as  defy  competition.  Special  quotations  given. 
Cases  free.  Terms  net  cash  i  month.  For  further  particulars, 
apply  to 

WM.      G.      MAC       GREGOR, 
17,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  conuining  *'  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  u. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  Tarieties, 

including    Descriptive     *' List    of   New,    Rakb,     and 

Choicb  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  Qn  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FBS9!    NUKSEKY,    EALB     UANCEEBTEB. 


December  4,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


709 


FRIDAY     NEXT. 

CATTLEYA    LAV^RENCEANA, 

A  wonderful  importation  of  this  beautiful   Cattleya  just  received  in  the  best  possible  health,  and 
including  masses  of  extraordinary  size,  well  furnished  with  leaves. 


The  Entire  Importation  will  be  oflfered  without  the  least  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are  instructed  by 
Mr.  F.  Mau,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  December  10,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  marvel- 
lous importation  of  this  grand  Cattleya,  from  the  Roraima  Mountains,  collected  and  sent  home  by 
Mr.  J.  D.  Osmer  (by  the  R.M.S.  Nile),  who  has  been  travelling  and  collecting  Orchids  for  many 
years. 

The  consignment  has  arrived  in  the  very  best  condition,  and  the  plants  have  the  appearance 
of  having  been  gathered  but  a  few  days,  being  particularly  fresh  and  healthy.  Many  of  the  lots 
will  consist  of  extraordinary  masses  with  from  go  to  100  red  bulbs  full  of  leaves. 

This  extremely  baautiful  Cattleya  is  described  in  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle,  March  14,  1 885, 
p.  33S  ;  March  2\,  pp.  374  and  375  ;  and  August  S,  pp.  16S  and  169  of  the  same  year. 

It  has  also  been  recently  figured  in  the  Reichenbachia,  Part  HI. 

The  entire  importation  will  be  sold  without  the  least  reserve,  as  the  whole  of  the  lots  must  be 
disposed  of,  Mr.  Mau  having  no  place  to  accommodate  them. 

On  view  inorning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Continental  Nnrserles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Established  iSi8. 

AUGUST   VAN    GEERT  begs   to  offer  to 
the    Trade    the   foUowine    well  grown   PLANTS,    of 
which  he  has  a  nice  healthy  stock  still  on  hand  : — 
INDIAN  AZALEAS,  nice  plaots,   well  budded,   Sol.  to  icoj. 
per  100  :  special  price  per  looo. 
„      .,     larger  plants,  jC6  to  .£12  per  100. 
CAMELLIAS,     with    fljwer-buds,    151.,    i8j.,    241.    to    301. 

RHODODENDRONS,  hardy  hybrid,  nice  stuff,  501.  to  loos. 

per  toj  ;  budded.  16,  £3,  and  £10  oer  100. 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  well  set,  fine  stuff,  <0i.  to  icoi.  per  ico. 
GHENT  AZALEAS,  ol  sorts,  well  set,  fine  stuff,  looi.  to  lioi. 


SPIK^A  JAPONICA,;Csand  £6pericoo. 
LILY  OF    THE  VALLEY,  clumps,  is.  per  dozen. 
HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA  GRANDIFLORA,  15s.  to 

PALMS. 
Immense  Stock  on  hand,  of  sorts,  for  Table  Decoration,  loos. 
to  200J.  per  I03. 
SEEDLING    FALMS. 
I.ATANIA  BORBONICA,  lot.  per  ico. 
CORYPHA  AU3TRALIS,  151.  per  100. 
ARECA  LUTESCENS.  30s.  per  too  ;  2501.  per  looo. 
PHOENIX  RECLINATA,  8s.  per  .00  :  401.  per  1000. 
KENTI/V  BELMOREANA,  60s  per  roo  ;  500J,  per  1000, 

„     FORSTERIANA,  4-j,  per  103  :  500s.  per  looo. 
C  JCOS  AUSTRALIS.   .or.  per  too. 
t,HAM/EROP3  FORTUNEI,  Sr.  per  ico;  4^1.  per  lOoo. 

SUNDRY    PLANTS. 

IMANTOPHYLLUM,     fine     hybrids,     from     Lindeni,    Van 

Houltei,  &c  ,  seedlings.  30s.  to  6or.  per  too. 

,,     flowering  plants,  i6gs.  per  100. 

ARAUCARIA  EXCELbA.  nice  plants,  21.  6J.  to  %s.  each. 

DKAC/ENA  TERM  INALIS,  nice  plants,  I2J.  to  24s  per  dozen. 

,.     AMABILIS,  nice  plants,  iSj.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
FERNS,  nice  plants,  of  sorts,  30s.  to  40s.  per  103. 
NEW  BEGONIA,    GLORY   OF   SAONE   (ihe  best  winter 

flowering  plant  out),  2r.  6J.  each,   245.  per  dozen. 
NEW  LILLIPUT  Golden  PELARGONIUM,  PRINCESSE 

CLEMENTINE,  2j.  each,  151,  per  dozen. 
CROTONS.  of  sorts,  nice  plants.  I2j.  per  dozen. 

fj"  LANE   AND  SON    have   a   large    stock 

■*-■*-  •     (ISO  acres)  of  fine  well-grown  TREES  of  the  following 

FRUIT  TREES. 

APPLES,  PEARS,   PLUMS,  and  CHERRIES,   Standards 

Pyramids,  and  Tiained  for  walls,  &c. 
PEACHES,  NECIARINES,  and  APRICOTS,  Trained  for 

DAMSONS,  WALNUTS,  QUINCE,  and  MEDLARS,  Staa- 
GOOSEBERRIES  and  CURRANTS,  fine  bushes. 

ROSES. 
STANDARDS  and  DWARFS,  in  ^reat  variety. 
ROSES,  in  pots,  for  Forcing  ;  TEAS,  &c. 

CONIFERS. 
CEDRUS  DEODARA,  4  to  16  feet  ;  CUPRESSUS  LAW- 
SuNII.  RETINOSPORAS,  THUIAS,  PICEAS,  &c  ,  in 
great  variety. 

DECIDUOUS  TREES. 

For  Avenues,   Sic,    10  to  18  feet  ;  LIMES,  CHESTNUTS 

ELMS,   POPLARS,  SYCAMORES,  Norvtay  MAPLE 

ACACIAS,  Mountain  ASH,  PLANES,  &c. 

E VERG  REENS 

AUCUBA.    BOX,    BERBERIS,    HOLLIES,    LAURELS, 

YEWS,  &c. 
RHODODENDRONS,  well  set  with  bloombuds 

CATALOGUE  free  on  application. 
The    Nurseries,     Berkhamsted.    Herts. 

.^^  Myrobella. 

pRUNUS    MYROBALANA,   or  CHERRY 

-•-  PLUM.— The  best  stuff  for  Mending  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  fast  in  poorest  soils.  Much  stronger 
than  Whitethorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Stock  for  the  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  to  3  feet,  sent  on  recent  of  6s.,  50  lor  3!. 
Full  further  pailiculars  of 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries.  Havant,  Hants. 

Splendid  Specimen^ 
pUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANAandTHUIA 

Vy  LOBBII.  — 14  to  !o  feet,  wiU  transplant  with  splendid 
Balls,  mostly  removed  in  June,  1885.  To  be  sold  cheap  to  clear 
the  land,     tor  price  apply  to 

CRANSTON'S   NURSERY  and  SEED   CO.    (Limited), 
King  s  Acre,  Hereford. 


MARECHAL    NIEL    ROSE.  —  On    Sale, 
many  thousands,  io  pots;  grand  plants,  5  to  12  feet  ia 
length,  iSs.  to  60s.  per  dozen. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO..  ClapioD  Nursery,  London,  E. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  — New  Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  of  a'l  ihe   New  and    Choice   Varieties 
considered   worth  cultivauon.  with  Cultural  Directions.      750 
varieties  in  stoclf.     Post-free  ^ri. 
ROBERT  OWEN,  Floral  Nursery,  Caslle  Hil',  Maidenhead. 

OUBLE    AFRICAN     TUBEROSES^ 

Unprecedented  Ofler. 

The  Bulbs  are  of  excellent  quality,  and  to  clear  consignments 
are  offered  at  30J.  per  1000,  free  on  rail.  Samples  may  be  seen 
at  my  Oflice,  or  free  by  post  to  intending  buyers.  Terms, 
cash  with  order.     Address, 

WM.  WATSON,  igt.  Upper  Thames  Street.  London,  E.C. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN  AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

V^  TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN. — Too  well  known  to  require 
description.  Pnce  6s.  per  bushel 
(,j.  extra  per  I 

None  geumne  unless  iii  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  sienature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
MerchanLs.  Hieheate  Nurseries.  N. 


THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES. 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  &c, 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSand  FLOWERINGSHRUBS, 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c-. 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Station,  Great  Eastern  Railway, 
hall  an  hour  from  London).  Prices  as  low  as  possible.  Inspec- 
tion invited.     Priced  Catalogues  free. 


JERSEY    FRUIT    TREES. 

Carriase    Paid    for   Cash  with  Order.      Write    for    Illustrated 
CATALOGUES  to  JOSHUA  LE  COBNU  Sc  SON,  High  View 

40  JERSEY  ROSES  FOR  21/- 

These  are  very  strong  dwarf  bushes,  selected  from  amongst 
thousands,  and  we  shall  be  happy  to  send  Sample  Trees 
Gratis  and  Carriage  Paid  on  application. 

STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  4^.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots,  16s.  per  too  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots.  25s.  per  too.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  ini  Sfed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


SEAKALE  for  Forcing,  superior  selected 
Crowns,  gis.  per  toco.  Orders  to  be  accompanied  by 
Cheque  or  Post.office  Order  —ALFRED  ATWOOD,  Grower, 
51.  Shillington  Slreet,  Battersea.  S.W. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Having  taken  this 
Season  at  Prires  proves  the  health  of  our  stock.  Sea 
Gardening  papers  and  Advertisement,  E.  Mo'yneux's  "  Book  on 
Chrysanthemums."     CATALOGUES  id.  each. 

W.  AND  G.  DROVER,  Flonst,  Fareham. 


SAMUEL  AND  JAMES  SMITH,  Tansley 
Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  otTer  per  looo,  viz.  :-ELDER, 
Golden,  q  to  12  inches,  oss  ',  r  to  1%  foot,  40r.  ;  lJ4  to  3  feet, 
601.  RHODODENDRON  PONTICUM.  5  yr.  and  a-yr. 
bedded,  lor.  ;  twice  transolanted.  5or.  BROOM,  transplanted, 
loj.  GORSE.  1.1  SNOWBERRY,  i-yr  .  6r.  :  ij^  to  a  feet, 
i5».  EUONYMUS  RADICANS  VARIEOATA,  i-yr.  joi. 
WEIGELA  ROSEA  VARIEGATA,  lyr.,  3^».  PINUS 
AUSLRIACA  and  LARICIO,  6  to  la  inches,  17J.  SPRUCE, 
9  to  IS  inches.  71.  SCOTCH  FIR,  I'A  to  2  feet,  aor.  ALDER, 
3  to  4  feet.  25t.  BIRCH,  i  to  I'A  foot,  125.  ;  t'A  to  1  feet.  aoi. 
HAZEL,  iJi  to  3  feet,  ,8x.  OAK,  ij^  to  3  feet,  155.  ;  3  to 
3  feet.  24r.  POPLAR,  Black  Italian,  i-yr,,  6j.  ;  3  to  4  feet,  31  J.  ; 
Ontario,  i-yr.,  is.  SYCAMORE,  i  to  jA  foot,  91.  ;  iH  to 
3  feet,  .5J.  WILLOW,  four  sorts,  i-yr.,  6j.  ;  i}^  to  3  feet. 
Its.  :  2  to  3  feet,  2or.  Following  per  100,  vil.  ;— ANDRO. 
MEDA  FLORIBUNDA,  9  to  15  inches,  3si.  AZALEA, 
mixed,  i  to  i^foot,  30s  DIPLOPAPUS  CHRYSOPHVLLA. 
I  to  tli  foit,  121.  IVY.  roaculata  major,  12J.  RETINO- 
SPORA  PLUMOSA  AUREA,  9  to  12  inches,  351.  ;  i  to  i5i 
foot,  3,1.  WHIN.  Double,  9  to  12  inches,  20s.  RHODO- 
DENDRON PONTICUM,  I  to  i^foot,  j8j.  ;  J>i  to  3  feet, 
30t.  ;  3  to  2j^  feet,  401.     LIST  flee. 

To  the  Trade  Only. 

MESSRS.  DE  GRAAFF  BROS.,  NURSERV- 
MBN,  Leiden,  Holland,  have  a  large  Stock  of  strong, 
healthy  Flowering  Bulbs  of  the  following  :— 
AMARYLLIS  CLEOPATRA,  very  free-fljwering. 
,,     named  varieties  ;  the  finest  collection  in  Europe, 
..     seedlinc  s  of  the  best  varieties. 
„     FORMOSISSIMAfJacobeaLily;, 
„     ,.     glauca,  the  true  variety. 
AGAPANTHUS  UMBELLATUS. 
ARUM  CORNUTUM. 
CACTUS  DAHLIA  JUAREZL 

.,    ,.     CONSTANCE. 
TIGRIDIA  CONCHIFLORA  GRANDIFLORA 
GLOXINIAS,  finest  named  varieties,  and  in  mixture. 
HELLEBORUS,  fine  seedhng  varieties. 
PH/EDRANASSA  GLORIOSA. 

.,    SCHIZANTHA. 
PLATYCODON  GRANDIFLORA. 

RICHARDIA  ALBO  MACULATA,  the  white  SDotted-leind 
MONTBRETIA  POTTSII.  [Aium  Lily. 

CROCOSM.«FLORA. 

Price  on  application. 

FERNS-TREE    FERNS. 

Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  Victoria  Court. 

The  whole  magnificent  and  well-established,  Victorian  im- 
portation of  these  stately  and  well  grown  Ferns  are  now  on 
offer.  The  plants  are  clean  and  in  lude  health,  and  comprising 
DICKSONIA  ANTARCTICA,  stenas  from  6  inches  to  various 
and  most  useful  heights  up  to  8  feet.    Prices  from  51.  to  20  gs. 

TODEA  BARBARA,  magnificent  specimens,  from  £2  7S.  to 
50  gs  This  Fern  I  can  urgently  recommend  for  any  position  of 
a  trying  nature.  It  is  admirably  adapted  for  ai 
being  of  a  dwarf  and  pendent  habit  and  the  ; 
green  imaginable. 

A  magnificent  lot  of  that  feathery  Fern,  ASPLENIUM 
VIVIPARUM,  grand  plants,  in  32's  and  24's,  from  24/.  to 
^3  per  dozen.  Two  or  three  dry  trunks  of  DICKSONIA 
and  ALSOPHILA,  18  to  20  feet. 

Also  a  few  tons  of  white  Australian  e  old-producing 
QUARTZES,  useful  for  Rockwork,  Waterfalls,  &c. 

An  early  and  immediate  inspection  invited,  also  orders 
executed  through  post,  with  all  despatch  and  carefully  packed, 
to  ensure  safe  delivery  to  al)  parts.  Money  orders  payable,  Old 
London  Office,  in  Exhibition. 

W.  RAVENHILL,  Salesman  in  charge. 


:  verdant  of 


W3  0i 


7IO 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(December  4,  1886. 


CHARLES  SHARPE&CO.,  SLEAFORD 

NEVv^     PEA,     SHARPE'S    QUEEN. 


5  « 

<,-^ 


OUR  NEW  PEA— QUEEN,  raised  by  Mr,  Culverwell,  surpasses  cverythiog  we  have  ever  had  the  pleasure  of  submitting  to  cur  Cu  tomeri,  in  habit,  cropping  qualui^s,  colour  and  fljivour  ;  it  is 
the  perfection  of  a  Pea  for  every  purpose,  and,  by  successive  sowings,  so  continuous  a  crop  can  be  obtained,  that  it  will  be  almo  t  unnecessary  to  cuhivate  any  other  variety. 

The  QUEEN  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  Pea,  abjut  a  to  1%  feet  in  height,  of  a  sturdy  branchiag  habit ;  it  requires  to  be  s  >wn  ihialy,  as  the  pods  are  produced  from  the  very  bottom  of  the 
plant  to  the  top.  The  pods  are  large,  green,  slightly  curved,  and  so  filled  with  Peas  that  when  opened  it  would  appear  impossible  ihey  cou'd  be  cortained  in  the  pod.  The  Peas  are  large,  oval,  deep- 
green,  and  of  a  delicious  flavour  when  cooked.     We  feel  we  cannot  say  too  much  in  its  praise,  and  are  confident  our  Customers  will  agree  with  us,  it  is  the  very  best  Pea  ever  sent  out. 


SIR    F.    A.     MILBANK. 


SHARPE'S  SIR  F.  A.  MILBANK  PEA.-This,  one  of  Mr.  Culverwell's  many  excellent  introductions,  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  much  of  the  Paragon  type  in  habit  and  growlh.but  earlier,  and 
diffeiiDg  in  being  of  a  beautiful  dark  grass-g-^een  colour,  and  even  more  prolific  than^that  celebrated  variety  ;  the  pods  are  produced  in  abundance,  are  large,  square,  and  closely  filled  with  the  extra 
large  dark  green  Peas,  so  closely  packed  that  it  would  appear  when  opened  as  if  the  pods  could  scarcely  have  contained  them.  The  flavour  is  all  that  could  be  desired  by  the  most  fastidious  con- 
noisseur, and  in  every  respect  it  is  a  variety  that  we  can  with  the  greatest  confidence  recommend,  either  for  exhibition  or  table  purposes.  It  is  robust  and  hardy  in  constituiion,  and  may  be  sown 
eaily  ;  for  Market  Garden  purposes  it  cannot  lail  to  prove  a  great  acquisition. 

SHARPE'S  — TRIUMPH  — NEW^    PEA. 


'^' 


5^ 
I  robust  and 


SHARPE'S     EARLY     PARAGON     PEA. 


FIRST-CLASS    CERTIFICATE,    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY.    188^. 
Chiswick  Report,  1884,  accompanied  with  First-class  Certificate  :— "  PARAGON— A  very  fine  Second  Early  Variety,  and  of  good  quality.     Pods  large,  and  well  filled." 
PARAGON,  is  a  Blue  Wrinkled  Marrow  of  fine  flavour  ;  height  from  4  to  5  feet.     The  pods  are  produced  two  and  three  together  in  such  abundance  as  to  almost  conceil  tbe  foliage.     They  are  o( 
an  unusual  size,  broad  and  thick-backed,  containing  from  twelve  to  fourteen  large  Peas. 

PARAGON  is  the  earliest  of  the  large  Wrinkled  Marrows  ;  it  is  very  hardy,  and  will  stand  earlier  sowing  than  any  Pea  of  its  class.     It  is  most  valuable  for  succession  crops,  as  it  is  not  liable  to 
mildew,  and  a  constant  supply  of  Peas  for  four  months  can  be  obtained  from  this  one  variety. 

TRADE  PRICE  AND  SPECIAL  LIST  OF  NOVELTIES  FOR  1886  AND  1887,  Post-free  on  application. 

CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO.,  SLEAFORD. 


Dbcembbr  4,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


711 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDY 

DAFFODILS. 

"  That  come  before  the  swallow  dares^  and  take 
The  winds  of  March  with  beauty. ^^ 


BARR  &  SON,  12,  King  St.,  Coveut  Garden,  W.C. 


BARB'S    NEVr    OR    RARE   HARDY    DAFFODILS 

for  Pot-cuhure,  Flower  Beds,  Borders,  &c  For  descriptive 
List  of  Varieties,  see  Advertisement  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle.  October  30 ;  or  send  for  B.  &  S.'s  Illustrated 
Daffodil  Catalogue,  free  on  application.  Thess  beautiful 
Daffodils  surpass  all  other  spring  Howera  for  in  and  outdoor 
decoration,  and  as  cut  fljwers  rank  with  the  Orchid  and 
the  Rose  In  the  London  Spring  Flower  Shows  for  20  years 
Bur's  Daffodils  have  maintained  a  leading  position,  and  are 
acknowledged  to  be  the  fairest  among  spring  flowers. 

THE  ALDB'DROUGH  COLLECnON  OF  CHOICE 
DAFFODILS—  TRUMPETS.  NONSUCH.  PEER- 
LESS. EUCHARIS  -  FLOWERED,  NELSON'S, 
BARK'S,  BURBIDGE'S,  &c  ,  DAFFODILS 

3  each  of  so  varieties        ..  ..  ..     63^.,  841.,  to  105J. 

I       >•     ,  "         "  .  ="■?  3o»..t0  42J. 

3  each  of  25  varieties        . .         ..         ..     33^-1  42^-,  to  63^. 

I       „         ,,         .,  lof.  6a^.,  i6x.,  to  25J. 

5  each  of  12  varieties        iSJ.,  21^.,  to  301. 

3       •>         ..         .*  icj.  6(;.,  isr,  toaiJ. 

3       „         ,.         „  7^  6<i. .  los.  6</.,to  15^. 

1       „         „         ,,  51.  td.  to  ^s.  6d. 


B  A  R  R '  S      INEXPENSIVE      HARDY     DAFFODILS, 

in  Beds,  surpass  in  beauty  and  effect  all  other  spring 
fljwers,  and  for  Masses  in  Flower  Borders  they  have  no 
equal.  In  Shrubberies  they  are  most  valuable,  and  when 
the  Daffodil  is  required  as  Cut  Flowers,  beds  should  be 
planted  in  the  Kitchen  Garden.  If  as  a  Forced  Flower 
they  are  wanted,  plant  thickly  in  boxes  g  by  15  inches,  and 
4  inches  deep,  and  stand  the  boxei  ouc-of-doors,  covered 
with  ashes  or  cocoa-fibre,  till  the  boxes  are  full  of  roots. 
I(  for  Pot-culture,  plant  three  or  more  bulbs  in  a  pot,  and 
place  them  out-of-doors  until  the  pits  are  full  of  roots. 

For  Naturalisation,   plant  in  grass  or  by  lakes,  streams 
and  ornamental  waters,  and  thus  realise  what  Wordsworth 
saw  when  he  penned  the  following: — 
"  I  wandcr'd  lonely  as  a  cloud 

That  floats  on  high  o'er  vales  and  hills. 
When  all  at  once  I  saw  a  crowd, 
A  host  of  golden  Daffodils  ; 
Beside  the  lake,  beneath  the  trees. 
Fluttering  and  dancing  in  the  breeze." 
The  culture  of  the  Daffodil  is  simple,  growing  in  all  soils 
and   all  situations  ;     no  amount  of  frost   or    unfavourable 
weather  will  injure  bjlb  or  flower.     Those  who  have  only 
an  unhealed  greenhouse  can  keep  it  gay  with  these  flowers 
from  January  to  May. 

ASSORTMENTS  OF  INEXPENSIVE  DAFFODILS, 
EMBRACING  TRUMPETS.  NONSUCH,  POETI- 
CUS,  &c 

looo  in  10  varieties,  841.;  in  20  varieties,  120J. ;  in  30  vars. ,  i50J. 
5  varieties,    63^,;  in  30  var.,    8ar. 


.ed.; 


i5f-; 


30  ' 


.  6d. 


50  in  10  varieties,  7^.   6rf. ;  ,  .  ,     .      ,     _ 

30  in  10  varieties,  4J.  6^.;  in  15  var,,  71.  6/,;  in  30  var..  12J.  Orf, 

12  in  10  varieties         ..         31.  6d.,  41.  6d.,  51   dd  ,  and  7^.  6d. 


VERY  CHEAP  k  BEAUTIFUL  DAFFODILS 

for  naturalisation,    shrubberies,    ftjwer  borders,   &C-,  and 

most  uieful  tor  cut  flowers.  Perioo.  Perdoz. 

CHOICE  MIXED   DAFFODILS  for  natu-      j.  rf.        s.  d. 

ralisation  or  for  shrubberies. .periooo,42j.       56  10 

FINE   MIXED   DAFFODILS  for  nalurali- 

satioo  or  for  shrubberies       .  .per  lODO,  30s.       46  10 

GREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed 
varieties,  valuable  for  naturali- 
sationand  cutting,  per  1000,  631.       76  13 

sec.ind-sized  bulbs,   per  iodd,  30^,       46  09 

LtNT  LILIES  OF  ENGLAND,  petals 
white,  trumpet  yellow,  valuable 
Daffodils     for     naturahsation. 


per 


i.  25^- 


,,     ,,     .,     seondsized  bulbs,  per 
GARLAND     LILIES    OF     SCOTLAND, 
petals   white,    trumpet    yellow, 
valuable  Daffodils  for  naturali- 
sation ._  per  1000, 42J.      5    6 
,,     !•     K     seoiid-sized   bulbs,  per  looD,  atj.       3     o 
PRIMROSE  PEERLESS,  2,3,  or  4flowered, 

petals  pure  white,  cup  yellow         ..         ,.       36 
OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffodil),  very  early- 
flowering,  uniform  petal  and  trumpet    12    6 
,,                                              extra-sized  bulbs     17    6 
SPQRIUS,  rich  full  yellow  petals  and  trum- 
pet, Urge  flower         15    o 

,.  second-sized  bulb    10    6 


Per  100.  Pardoi. 

CAMBRICUS,  sulphur-white    peUls,   yellow      t.  d.  i.  d. 

trumpet              ..150  36 

PRINCEPS.  sulphur-white  peUls,  very  large 

yellow  trumpet           12    6  96 

PALLIDUS  PR^ECOX,  a  great  beauty,  uni- 
form pale  sulphur  petals  and  trumpet    150  a    6 
TELAMONIUS  PLENUS,  strong  flowering 

bulbs 76  13 

„     .,                                         very  large  bulbs     10    6  16 

INCOMPARABILIS.  mixed  vars.,  p.  loco,  421.     56  10 

„     FIGARO 15    o  26 

„     FAIRY          8    6  16 

„    GLOW           76  13 

„     SUNLIGHT           76  13 

„     SULPHUREUS 76  13 

,,     ASTR^A 76  13 

.,    JOHN  BULL        15    o  26 

,,     SANCHO 76  13 

„     ALBIDUS 76  13 

„    ANNIE  BADEN 12    6  26 

..     STELLA 10    6  16 

BARRII  GOLDEN  MARY 56  10 

„     SULPHUREUS 76  13 

„     ADA 10    6  16 

Above  ftiUy  described  in  advtrtisemtnt  0/  THE  GAR- 
DENERS' CHRONICLE.  Nmiimbcy  6;  or  Sarri  lllvs- 
tralid  Daffodil  CATALOGUE, /ree  on  affUcation. 

BARRTa^  SON, 

12,  King  Street,  CoventGarden.W.C. 

BEAUTIFUL  HYACINTHS, 

TULIPS,   CROCUS,   SNOWDROPS, 

CHIONODOXA,    ANEMONES,  IRIS,    PjEONIES, 

LILIES,    IXIAS. 

BARR  &  SON,  12,  King  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W,C, 

BARRS  BEAUTIFUL  LARGE  -  FLOWERING  HYA- 
CINTHS, for  pot-culture,  glasses,  vases,  bowls,  &c  ,  bulbs 
of  finest  quality, 

12  finest  varieties         5s.  6d. ,  JS.  6d.  to    gs.od. 

23       ,,  ,,  .,  ..  .,  ..       lOf.  6d.  to  I5r.  o<^. 

50       ,,  „  ..  ,,  ,.  ,,  3or.  to  42r.  od. 

3  each  t2  finest  varieties i^.toiis.od- 

3       ,,    25       ,,  ,,  ..  ..  .,  3or.  10421.  od. 

3       >,    50       ,,  , 84J   to  toiS.  od. 

BARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  LARr.E  FLOWERED  RAINBOW 
MIXTURE   of  HYACINTHS,  for  beds  and  borders,  per 
100,  i2S  6d.  and  2!j. 
BARR'S     BEAUTIFUL     LARGE  -  FLOWERED      HYA- 
CINTHS, in  distinct  colours,  for  beds  and  borders. 
6  each  10  varieties . .        , .         101.  6d. 

12      „        10  21i.  orf, 

»o     „       10         351.  oi 

30     ,,      10         4SJ.  orf. 

BARR'S    BEAUTIFUL   EARLY-FLOWERING  TULIPS. 
5  each  20  varieties 71.  6,^.  to  loj.  6d. 

40    „    20        I,        421.  to  (53J.  o</, 

BARR'S  CROCUS,  large-fliwered  named  sorts, 

10  each  15  varieties  , .  . ,       41.  od. 

20    „     IS        T-6d. 

30    ,,     IS        ,1         joi.  6d. 

40    ,,     15 I5J-  od. 

Large  bright  yellow  CROCUS,  per  1000,  lor.  6d.  to  15J  ;  per 
100,  IS.  3d  to  ,s. 

BARR'S  BF.AUTIFUL  ENGLISH  and  SPANISH  IRIS. 

3  each  24  varieties 105.  6d. 

S     ,,     24         ,t         I7r-  6d. 

10     ,,     24         , 3S1.  od. 

15     ,.     24         35'- od. 

BARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  LARGE-FLOWERED  BEARDED 
IRIS,  per  dozen,  31.  6d.,  5s.  6d  ,  js.  6d.,  and  91.  ;  per  100, 

BEAU'TIFUL  IRIS  RETICULATA,  per  dozen,  51.  6d.  ;  per 

100.  30J. 
BARRS    IXIAS,   SPARAXI5.  TRITONIAS,  and   BABI- 

ANAS,  each  sort,  in  splendid  mixed  colours,  per  100,  55.6*^; 

per  dozen,  ir. 
Assortments,  3  each,  30  vars.,  151.  ;    5  each,  33  vars.,  air. 
10     „       30     „       351,;  15     ,.      30      ,,      42r. 
SNOWDROPS,  double  or  single,  for  edging-,  per  looo,  2ir. 

GALANTHUS  ELWESI.  the  giant  Snowdrop  of  the  Taurus 
Mountains,  the  largest,  most  distinct,  and  beautiful  of  the 
family,  very  hardy  and  splendid  for  edgings,  per  1000,  421.  ; 
per  100,  sr.  6d,  :  per  dozen,  ir. 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILI^  (the  Glory  of  the  Snow),  flowers 
intense  Nemophila-blue,  with  a  clear  white  luminous  centre, 
a  grand  border  plant,  and  to  naturalise,  per  1000,  421,  ;  per 
103.  sr.  6d.  ;  per  dozen,  is. 

WOOD  HYACINTHS,  to  naturalise,  in  mixture,  per  1000, 
2ir.  :  per  ico,  35.  6d.  ;  per  dozen,  &d. 

WOOD  HYACI NTHS,  for  flower  borders,  in  ten  named  beauti- 
ful sorts,  per  100,  loj.  6d.  per  25,  3r 

LEUCOJUM  VERNUM  (Spring  Snowflake),  a  beautiful  early 
spring  flower,  per  100,  6s.  6d.  ;  per  dozen,  rl, 

ANEMONES,  double  or  single,  mixed  colours,  per  100,  31.  6d. 
„     FULGENS,  rich  beautiful  scarlet,   per   100,  71,  6d.  and 
lor.  6d.  :  per  dozen,  ir.  3r^.  to  ir.  6d. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  strong  clumps  for  forcing,  per 
dozen,  i2r,  6d.  and  151. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  strong  crowns  for  forcing,  per  100, 
71.  6d. 

SPIK/EAJAPONICA.  strong  clumps  (or  forcing,  perdoz.  71.  6(/. 

BARR'S  LARGE  DOUBLE  P/EONIES,  new  Chinese  vars., 
assortments,  js.  6d.,  loJ.  6d  ,  rsr..  2ir.,  42J.,  635.  and  841. 

BARR'S  NEW  SINGLE  P.EONIES  in  assortments,  71.  6^., 
lor.  6d.,  151,,  2ir.  and  421. 

OLD-FASHIONED  DOUBLE  RED  P/EONY.  p.  doz.iot.6</. 
ROSE        ,.  ,,        155. 

WHITE    „  .,        an. 

BARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  assortments  for  outdoors  or 
indoors,  sr.  6d.,  71.  6d.,  10s.  6d.,  15^.,  21J..  421..  and  63J.I 
Discriftivt  Catalogue,  with  prices,  fric  on  npplicaiton. 


BARR    &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,   Oovent  Qarden,  W-C. 


dnrda^rs'  djlirijnirk. 


SATURDAY,    DECEMBER   4, 


BROXBOURNE. 

NOTHING  can  well  be  less  suggestive  of 
"rocks "than  the  landscape  one  passes 
through  from  the  Liverpool  Street  terminus  of 
the  Great  Eastern  Railway  to  Broxbourne  ;  and 
the  traveller  must  be  endowed  with  strong 
imaginative  powers  who  sees  mountain  tunnels  in 
those  which  dive  beneath  the  roadways  and 
streets  of  Bishopsgate  and  Bethnal  Green. 
Arrived  at  the  pretly  village  of  Broxbourne,  in 
passing  up  the  bit  of  road  between  the  nursery 
ot  Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons  and  the  railway  station 
one  gets  an  inkling,  not  perhaps  of  rocks,  but  of 
rockeries — which  are  sometimes  quite  different 
things — from  a  glimpse  afforded  of  a  piece  of 
the  art  of  rockery  construction  in  the  fore  gar- 
den of  the  renowned  Mr.  Pulham's  house.  From 
thence  to  the  nursery  gate  is  not  a  hundred 
yards,  and  arrived  on  the  level  land  at  the  top  of 
the  station  road  there  is  but  little  appearance 
of  any  eminence  on  all  the  level  surface  of  the 
surrounding  area  ;  but  a  walk  of  twenty  yards 
brings  the  visitor  to  a  cleverly  shrub-concealed 
gorge,  whose  general  configuration  takes  the 
form  of  the  letter  Y  (see  figs.  136  and  137.)  It 
is  precisely  such  a  place  as  would  be  caused  by 
a  search  being  made  for  rock  supposed  to  lie 
just  beneath  the  surface,  the  floor  of  three 
ravines  descending  easily  from  the  outside  to 
the  centre— a  kind  of  receptacle  for  the  water 
which  falls  on  the  rockery,  and  which  is  its 
deepest  part.  The  interior  parts  of  the  rockery 
give  a  variety  of  aspects  and  profiles,  some 
being  steep  and  dry,  as  suits  certain  kinds  of 
alpines,  whilst  others  are  stepped  and  broad, 
affording  suitable  spots  for  growing  and  exhi- 
biting— others  having  opposite  or  other  require- 
ments. The  mound,  which  has  the  appearance 
of  being  intended  to  represent  the  rocks  and 
ddbris  thrown  out  of  the  quarry,  slopes  gradu- 
ally down  in  steps  and  declivities  of  varied 
grades  and  dimensionstothesurroundingground 
level.  At  one  end  of  the  rockery,  in  a  shallow  de- 
pression, a  bog  has  been  formed,  in  which  are 
growing  species  of  Carex,  Bamboos,  Polygo- 
num sphaerostachyum  in  flower,  Solomon's  Seal, 
Spiraea  Traversii,  Saxifraga  cultata,  Eupa- 
torium  roseum,  and  other  plants.  Bulbs  of 
all  the  procurable  species  of  Crocus  are 
grown  on  a  broad  patch  of  the  rockery,  near 
this  part,  and  in  a  spot  where  the  fullest  benefit 
is  derived  from  sunlight,  Crinum  Moorei,  with 
fine  bold  foliage,  was  doing  well  in  the  same 
neighbourhood,  which  was  evidently  just  suited 
to  its  needs. 

The  species  of  Crocus  noted  are — Boylei, 
white,  extremely  rare  ;  raedius,  speciosus, 
zonatus  (Kotschianus),  and  serotinus.  Near 
by,  and  in  the  rear  of  this  collection,  are  some 
chalk  downs,  very  much  in  miniature  cer- 
tainly, but  at  any  rate  containing  chalk,  on 
wkich    were      planted     species     of    Conifers 


712 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886. 


that  affect  the  chalky  soils  of  this  and  other 
countries.  This  is  at  present  only  an  "  idea," 
in  course  of  development.  The  upper  part  of  the 
mounds  are  covered  with  plants  in  colonies,  con- 
sisting of  Tritomas,  Veronicas,  Rhododendron 
praecox,so  useful  a  plant  in  the  spring;  Euphorbia 
capitata,  a  pretty  subject  for  carpeting  a  surface 
with  grey-green  foliage — it  is  prostrate  and  close- 
growing  ;  Polygonum  vaccinifolium,  an  autumn 
flowerer,  pink  ;  Thymus  azoricus,  very  dwarf ; 
AcjEna  adsurgens,  a  New  Zealand  plant  of  the 
order  RosacejE  ;  Helleborus  niger  ;  and  H.  n. 
majus,  a  splendid  variety  which  bears  flowers 
of  an  immense  size,  and  with  colour  equal  to  that 
of  the  type;  Hutchinsia  gracilis,  a  compact  grow- 
ing form  from  Bavaria,  more  tufted  than  H. 
alpina,  the  flowers  white  and  produced  in  spring  ; 
Hypericum  reptans,  a  fine  subject  especially 
when  seen  from  beneath,  the  habit  is  creeping, 
and  the  plant  is  very  adverse  to  direct  sunlight  ; 
Omphalodes  Lucilije,  pale  blue,  rare,  is  another 
desirable  carpet  plant,  especially  as  it  is  very 
dwarf  ;  Arnebia  echioides  is  almost  a  constant 
flowerer  on  the  rockery.  For  a  loose  crumbling 
wall  in  a  warm  place,  Artemisia  sericea,  is  a  use- 
ful plant,  the  foliage  is  grey  and  it  is  very  dwarf. 
A  group  of  rare  Saxifrages  were  accommodated 
in  a  little  colony  all  to  themselves,  such  tiny 
plants  admitting  of  no  neighbours.  The  species 
composing  this  exclusive  set  were  :— S.  are- 
toides,  S.  a.  pumila,  S.  cassia  minor,  of  which 
there  was  a  large  patch  ;  S.  marginata,  S.  Bur- 
seriana,  S.  Fredrici  Auguste,  S.  squarrosa,  S. 
Rudolfiana,  S.  Tombeana,  S.  Kotschyi,  and  S. 
patens.  Considering  that  most  of  these  are  from 
the  border-line  of  perpetual  snow,  their  growth 
at  Bro.xbourne  is  very  satisfactory.  Alyssum 
saxatile  variegatum  in  a  clump  was  very  telling. 
Fancy  any  gardener  lining  out  this,  or,  indeed, 
any  of  these  alpines,  with  line  and  rule,  to  fit 
them  in  a  carpet  or  any  other  bed  !  The 
autumn-flowering  Erica  Mawiana,  rosy-flowered 
and  dense  of  habit,  was  in  full  bloom  at  the 
time  of  our  visit.  Tunica  saxifraga,  an  immense 
flowerer,  of  pale  lilac  colour,  does  well  here. 
Veronica  rupestris  was  for  the  second  time  in 
flower  ;  it  is  only  2  inches  high  as  to  foliage, 
but  the  flower-spike  reaches  to  the  height  of 
4  inches.  Genista  pilosa  must  not  be  passed 
over,  it  is  similar  in  habit  to  G.  prostrata,  and 
flowers  in  spring  ;  Silene  maritima  rosea  is  a 
capital  fast-spreading  species,  well  fitted  to 
cover  ground  set  with  bulbs.  It  does  not 
root  at  the  nodes,  and  dies  away  in  the  winter 
starting  into  active  growth  late  in  the  spring. 

Campanula  Hosti  alba  is  better  than  C,  pulla 
alba,  having  bigger  bells  ;  another  bell-flower 
was  seen  in  C.  pelviformis,  one  of  M.  Frcebel's 
hybrids,  with  pale  blue  flowers,  and  the  whole 
plant  lowly  in  habit.  Where  a  beautiful  foliat'e 
is  sought,  PotentiUa  verna  should  be  obtained  • 
Erigeron  mucronatum,  with  a  leaf  like  that  of 
the  common  Daisy,  but  sharp  pointed  ;  a  very 
late  flowering  Aster  is  found  in  A.  grandiflorus 
the  flowers  come  not  in  umbels,  but  singly,  and 
are  of  a  fine  blue  colour.  Every  one  should 
possess  Plumbago  Larpent.-e,  the  dark  blue 
flowers  coming  in  great  quantity ;  it  loves  a 
sunny  dry  place  best. 

In  the  mtersecting  chasm  spoken  of  pre- 
viously we  found  planted,  the  north  or  sunless 
side  Saxifragas,  Silenes,  and  Thymes  ;  on 
the  sunny  slope  were  Cypripedium  calceolus, 
Lithospermum  prostrata,  Zauschneria  californica] 
bright  and  varied  ;  Rubus  phcEniculasius,  (illus- 
trated in  our  Number  for  Sept.  18,  18S6,  p.  365) 
a  strong  rampant  plant,  well  in  fruit,  hung  over 
the  central  chasm,  being  planted  on  the  northern 
side.  The  south  slope  of  the  rockery  is  of 
Kentish  rag,  the  crumbling  of  which  under 
weather  influences  furnishes  a  fine  soil  for  many 
species  of  alpines,  and  seedlings  spring  up  in  it 
with  no  trouble  whatever.  A  visit  paid  to  this 
nursery  in  spring  or  early  summer  would  disclose 
other  alpine  gems  which  at  the  time  of  our  visit 
were  out  of  flower,  or  had  disappeared  for  the 
seasop, 


ODONTOGLOSSUM    LUCIANIANUM, 
nov.  kybr.  nat* 

This  is  a  very  fine  new  OdoDtoglossum— a  recent 
discovery  of  Mr.  Bungeroth,  one  of  the  Lindenian 
collectors,  in  Venezuela.  It  may  be  a  hybrid  between 
OJontoglossum  nrevium  and  O.  odoratum.  It  is 
quite  distinct  from  Odontoglossum  Dormanianum, 
prffistans,  crocidipterum,  which  with  odoratum, 
nseviam,  and  ciirhosum  {not  cirrosum,  as  is  so  often 
written  by  mistake)  form  one  group.  I  learn  that  the 
bulbs  are  like  those  of  Odontoglossum  odoratum,  but 
more  slender  and  longer,  and  without  any  trace  of 
those  impressions  which  are  so  characteristic  in  Odon- 
toglossum na;vium.  The  Sowers  are  racemose.  The 
sepals  and  petals  are  lanceo-cuspidate,  like  those  of 
O.  odoratum,  whitish  with  a  flush  of  lightest  sulphur, 
and  with  fine  dark  purple-brown  spots  and  stripes. 
The  basilar  part  of  the  lip  is  very  short,  very  low;  the 
anterior  blade  is  large,  oblong,  cuspidate,  crenulate, 
wavy,  velvety  on  the  surface,  white,  with  a  large 
transverse  sepia-brown  blotch  in  front  of  the  callus, 
consisting  of  two  lamellae,  each  with  two  blunt  teeth. 
Column  more  slender  than  in  OJontoglossum  naevium, 
and  plumper  than  iu  O.  odoratum,  white,  with  some 
brown  markings  under  the  stigmatic  hollow,  and  a  few 
red  lines  outside,  near  the  anterior  angles.  Wmgs 
very  narrow,  linear  aristate.  This  novelty  is  dedi- 
cated with  pleasure  to  Mons.  Lucien  Linden,  who 
most  kindly  sent  me  numerous  satisfactory  materials 
which  came  into  his  hand.     H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

[Our  Latin  dictionaries  have  cirrus,  cirratus,  not 
cirrhus.  The  Greek  kirrhos,  according  to  similar 
authority,  means  tawny,  yellow.   Ed.] 

L.ELH  PUMIL\  (Rchb.  f.)  CURLSANA,  nov.  var. 

This  belongs  to  the  variety  spectahilis  (see  Florist, 
iii.,  <ji.  fiJ.  Lindl.  Paxt.,  Fl.  G.,  i.,  4.^).  Dr.  Lindley 
called  that  "a  finely  blown  specimen  of  Cattleya 
pumila."  For  my  own  part  I  venture  to  slate  that  I 
have  always  found  in  this  spectabilis  the  mid-keel  ex- 
tended to  the  anterior  disc  in  so  deep  rounded  and 
short  a  keel,  such  as  I  never  saw  it  in  the  genuine 
Lslia  pumila.  We  may  see  it  proposed  afresh  as  a 
new  species  "on  spec." 

Now  the  novelty  at  hand  i5,  in  brief,  a  Cattleya 
Massangeana,  or  nearly  Nalderiana  translated  into 
Loelia  pumila.  It  is  quite  coloured  on  the  same  prin- 
ciples. Sepals  with  few  dark  streaks.  Petals  on 
both  margins  with  numerous  similar  oblique  radiating 
parallel  lines.  Side  lacinise  of  the  lip  outside  with 
similar  dark  lines,  but  inside  nearly  free  of  them. 

This  curious  plant  is  in  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Curie,  of  Melrose,  a  keen  amateur  and  the  possessor 
of  a  very  nice  collection  of  Orchids,  as  is  stated  by 
the  kind  senders,  Messrs.  W.  Thomson  &  Sons, 
Tweed  Vineyard,  Clovenford,  Galashiels,  N  B 
ff.  G.  Rchb.  f. 

Odontoglossum  elandum  Rossianum,  nov.  var. 
A  delightful  new  variety.  It  has  brown  spots  on 
the  sepals  and  petals.  The  basilar  part  of  the  lip  is 
fine  yellow,  with  red  spots.  The  calli  are  also  yel- 
low. The  blade  of  the  lip  has  light  purple  spots  and 
streaks.  It  was  kindly  sent  me  bv  Mr.  H.  F.  Ross 
of  Castagnolo  supra  Firenze.   H.  G.  Rchb  f. 

Zygopetalum  leopardinum,  X  Rchb.  f.,  hvb. 
Angl.  ex  hort.   Vdtch,  1886  ;  supra,  Aug.  14,  p.  199. 

A  fresh  seedling  from  this  lovely  artificial  hybrid 
has  just  flowered  with  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons. 
The  documents  are  at  hand,  thanks  to  Mr.  Harry 
Veitch.  They  prove  once  more  what  variety  there  is 
in  these  hybrids.  The  flower  at  my  side,  Mr.  Seden's 
last  pride,  has  the  anterior  blade  of  the  lip  with  some 
white,  partly  lobed  dashes,  which  look  wonderful  on 
the  blue  ground.  It  is  only  comparable  to  what  may 
be  seen  in  some  china,  scarcely  in  any  picture  in  water 
or  in  oil  colours.  The  spots  of  the  sepals  and  petals 
are  more  numerous,  and  smaller.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


*  Odontoglossum  Luciamanum.—VxMiabaVMi  pyriformibus 
attenuatU,  fxvibus  ;  floribus  racemosis  ;  sepalis  tepalisquelanceo- 
acummatis,  labelli  hypochitii  valvis  subquadratis  hum  iibus, 
epichilio  oblongoligulato  cuspidato  marginibus  crenulatis,  calli. 
geminis  parallelis  utrinque  obtuse  unidentatis,  superficie  lab-lti 
velutina  :  columna;  alis  angustlssimis  lineari-aristatis.  Ex 
Veneiucla  raisit  egr.  viator  Bungeroth.  Accepi  ab  oxc. 
Luciano  Linden,    cui    cum    magno    gaudio  dicatum.    H.   G. 


Crassula  rhomboidka,  I\r.  E.  Brcnvn,  n.  sfi. 

A  dwarf  species  of  neat  habit,  but  of  no  great  hor- 
ticultural merit,  sent  to  Kew  in  1885  by  Mr.  Dunn, 
from  the  Transvaal. 

Perennial,  2^-3  inches  high  (perhaps  growing 
somewhat  taller),  quite  glabrous,  but  glaucous  on  the 
young  stems,  leaves,  bracts,  and  calyx.  Leaves 
opposite,  glaucous-green,  punctate-dotted,  rhomboidal 
in  outline,  acutish,  hunched  just  above  the  middle, 
by  the  apex  being  deflexed  at  an  obtuse  angle  at  that 
point,  which  is  the  thickest  part  of  the  leaf;  the 
upper  surface  is  convexly  flattened,  the  under  surface 
roundedly  keeled  ;  some  leaves  on  the  older  imported 
part  of  the  plant  are  an  inch  long,  three-quarters  of  an 
nch  broad,  and  half  an  inch  thick  at  the  thickest  place  ; 
ibut  those  on  the  portion  of  the  plant  grown  at  Kew 
are  much  smaller,  being  9—11  lines  long,  4—5  lines 
broad,  and  2j— 3  lines  thick.  Peduncle  terminal, 
half  an  inch  long,  divided  into  a  small,  few-flowered, 
flat-topped  cyme,  three-quarters  to  I  inch  across. 
Bracts  minute,  half  to  i  line  long,  narrow,  glaucous. 
Branches  o(  the  cyme  and  pedicels  each  about  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  long,  reddish.  Calyx  very  broad  and  obtuse 
at  the  base  in  proportion  to  its  size,  about  one-eighth 
of  an  inch  in  diameter,  the  ovate,  obtuse,  bluntly 
keeled  lobes  three-quarters  of  aline  long.  Corolla  2 
lines  long,  2j  lines  in  diameter,  campanulate,  with  the 
tips  of  the  petals  spreading  ;  petals  oblong-lanceolate 
acutish,  pale  flesh-coloured  with  a  pink  dorsal  middle 
line.  Stamens  a  little  shorter  than  the  petals;  fila- 
ments white,  anthers  pah  yellow,  pollen  bright  yellow. 
Hypogynous  glands  transverse,  three  times  broader 
than  long,  truncate,  yellow.  Cirpels  erect,  pale 
green  with  pink  tips.  A  native  of  the  Transvaal. 
A'.  E.  Bro-uin. 

Crassolaimpressa  (<V.  E.  5/-.)_SCHMtDTI,  Rescl. 
Tne  plant  figured  in  the  GarUnflora  of  this  year, 
at  t.  1225,  as  C.  S:hmidti,  is  the  same  as  that  which 
I  described  in  1S79  in  these  columns  (vol.  xii.,  p, 
328),  under  the  name  of  S.  impressa.  It  is  a  very 
pretty,  neat  growing  species  of  d<arf  habit,  with 
linear-lanceolate  acute,  thick  fleshy  leaves,  retrorsely 
ciliate  on  the  mirgins,  green  or  purplish  in  colour 
and  impressed-punctate  above  ;  and  having  terminal 
cymes  of  deep  pink  flowers.   N.  E.  Brown. 


AUSTRALIAN       Ai\D        NEW 
ZEALAND    TREES    IN    ARRAN. 

(Concluded  from  p.  6Si  ) 

Gum  Trees  {continued).  —  The  Giant  Gum  tree 
(Eucalyptus  amygdalina  :  New  South  Wales,  Victoria, 
Tasmania).— The  Peppermint  tree  of  Tasmania  ;  the 
Stringy-bark  and  Gippsland  Box  of  New  South  Wales ; 
the  Red  Gum  and  also  the  Mountain  Ash  of  Victoria, 
where  in  Gipps  land  (south-east  of  Australia— the  part 
of  Australia  which,  in  climate  and  productions  most 
resembles  Britain)  this  tree  is  most  conspicuous. 
This  is  the  tallest,  and  in  weight  ol  timber,  the 
greatest  tree  in  the  world.  Baron  Mueller  mentions 
one  of  471  feet  in  height,  and  another  69  feet  in  cir- 
cumference at  the  ground  and  15  feet  in  circumference 
at  the  height  of  210  feet.  This  is  the  species  from 
which  the  Eucalypt  oil  of  commerce,  now  so  much 
imported,  is  mainly  obtained,  lor  though  its  leaves, 
from  the  hardness  of  their  cuticle,  do  not  diffuse 
so  much  of  the  odour  of  this  oil  as  do 
those  of  the  Blue  Gum  —  in  which,  when 
the  plant  is  young  the  cuticle  is  thin  and 
soft— yet  it  contains  more  than  four  and  a  half 
times  the  quantity  of  oil.  There  are  two  varieties 
of  this  5p2cies,  the  "one  grows  in  the  open  plains 
of  Australia,  and  has  small  narrow  leaves  and  a 
rough  brownish  bark;"  the  other  grows  "in 
sheltered,  well-watered  forest  glens,  and  has  a  smooth 
stem  and  broad  leaves."  The  great  monarchs  of  the 
Australian  forest  are  of  the  second  of  these  varieties, 
which  Baron  Mueller  proposes  to  call  E.  amygdalina 
var.  regnans.  Those  growing  in  Arran  were  from  a 
packet  of  seed  which  produced  both  varieties.  Four 
were  planted  in  Arran,  two  of  each  ;  but  both  of  the 
ordinary  variety  were  killed  by  the  frost  of  i88o-8r, 
and  one  of  the  regnans  variety  was  blown  over  by  the 
wind.  One  only  remains,  but  fortunately  it  is  the 
giant  (regnans)  variety.  I  conclude  that  it  is  this 
variety,  because,  when  young,  the  leaves  were 
roundish  in  shape,  alternate,  and  provided  with  a 
short  stalk,  while  those  of  the  other  were  longish, 
sessile,  and  opposite.  The  variety  that  survives  also 
grew  with  more  rapidity  than  the  other,     I  may  add, 


December  4,  1886. 1 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


713 


that  seed  sent  me  by  Baron  Mueller,  and  marked 
simply  E.  amygdalioa,  produced  the  common  variety 
— the  kind  which  had  been  killed  in  Arran.  Hid  it 
been  the  giant  species  he  would  almost  certainly  have 
named  it  as  such.  I  conclude,  therefore,  that  Arran 
has  the  honour  of  growing  the  grand  monarch  of  the 
Australian  forest.  It  is  in  an  admirable  situation  in 
the  garden  at  Cromla,  where  it  is  sheltered  on  the 
north  and  east  by  a  wood.  It  was  sown  in  1871,  and 
is  now  2S  feet  in  height  and  14J  inches  in  girth,  and 
adds  annually  2  feet  to  its  height  and  \\  inch  to  its 
girth.  Its  leaves  are  8^  inches  long  and  three- 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  breadth,  I  am  happy 
to  add  that  this  year  it  hafs  bloomed,  being 
the  first  time,  I  believe,  that  it  has  bloomed 
in  the  open  air  in  Britain.  It  began  to  bloom 
toward  the  end  of  August.  (This  was  a  late  season. 
In  an  ordinary  season  it  wouM  bloom  at  the  middle 
of  the  month.)  At  the  same  time  a  large  standard 
Myrtle  near  to  it  also  began  to  bloom.  The  Myrtle 
nd  Gumgenera  are  very  closely  related,  and  the  bloom 


named  the  "Weeping  or  the  Drooping  Gum." 
Having  so  many  names,  it  is  no  doubt  a  very  dis- 
tinguished Gum.  I  hope,  and  also  expect,  that  in 
Arran  it  will  prove  worthy  of  its  many  names,  and  be 
very  graceful,  and  also  contrast  well  in  colour  with 
Gums  of  lighter  hue.  Two  have  been  planted  this 
year  in  Arran — a  very  small  one  at  Captain  Brown's, 
Limlash  ;  and  a  larger  one  at  Cromla,  Corrie. 

The  Red  Box  Gum  {Eucalyptus  polyanthema,  syn. 
Lignumvitx  :  South  Eastern  Australia). — It  is  named 
Box  from  the  shape  of  the  leaf;  Lignum- vitae,  from 
the  hardness  of  its  wood.  "It  attains  a  height  of  150 
feet,  furnishes  an  extremely  hard  lasting  timber, 
and  for  fuel  it  is  unsurpassed."  (Mueller.)  Oae  was 
planted  this  year  at  Cromla,  Corrie.  It  is  abjut  4 
feet  in  height. 

The  Urn-bearing  Gum  (Eucalyptus  cordata  var. 
urnigera  :  Southern  Tasmania). — "  The  variety  urni- 
gera  is  particularly  hardy,  and  may  become  of  sanitary 
importance  to  colder  countries  in  malarian  regions, 
the  foliage  being  much  enbued  with  antiseptic  oil; 


It  was  wholly  unprotected,  yet  not  a  leaf  was  even 
browned.  It  is  now  21  feet  in  height  and  9^  inches 
in  girth,  and  is  growing  yearly  on  an  average  3^  feet 
in  height  and  2\  inches  in  girth.  Here  is  encourage- 
ment to  plant  !  Sown  at  one's  birih,  should  one 
reach  the  age  of  seventy,  it  would  then  be  a  tree 
230  feet  high  with  a  trunk  14^  feet  in  girth.  The 
specimen  at  Limlash  grows  near  the  highway  facing 
the  sea,  and  is  fully  seen  from  both.  It  is  very  hand- 
some, and  has  begun  to  assume  a  weeping  habit. 
When  young,  though  the  leaves  are  different  yet  in 
general  habit  it  much  resembles  a  vigorous  Weep- 
ing Birch.  The  leaves  are  half  a  foot  in  length  and 
I  inch  in  breadth  (2^  inches  shorter,  but  half  an 
inch  broader  than  those  of  the  Giant  Gum,  E.  amyg- 
dalina),  and  are  attached  by  a  short  stalk.  It  is  named 
"the  White  Gum  "  from  the  whiteness  of  its  trunk, 
specially  after  its  bark  is  newly  shed,  when  it  ap- 
proaches the  colour  of  the  Silver  Birch  ;  the  "  Weep- 
ing Gum  "  from  its  weeping  habit  ;  the  "  Flooded  or 
Swamp  Gum"  from  the  nature  of  the  ground  in  which 


"^^^^^ 


Fig    137, — VIEW  IN  Messrs.  paul's  garden  at  broxbourne,    (see  p.  712.) 


of  the  two  is  similar  in  size  and  in  appearance.  The 
tree  can  be  seen  from  the  highway,  and  when  it  rises 
above  the  surrounding  trees,  which  it  will  soon  do,  it 
will  be  well  seen  also  from  the  sea.  Will  it  become 
a  giant  ?  Time  will  show.  Certainly  it  will  not  grow 
to  the  height  of  471  feet. 

The  Manna  Gum  (Eucalyptus  viminalis  :  South- 
Eastern  Australia,  syn.  the  Weeping  Gum,  the 
Blue  Gum,  the  White  Gum,  the  Wand  Gum).—"  On 
poor  soil  only,  a  moderate-sized  tree,  generally  known 
as  the  '  Manna  Gum,'  this  being  the  only  species  that 
yields  copiously  the  crumb-like,  melitose  Manna  ;  but 
in  the  rich  soil  of  the  mountain  forests  it  attains 
gigantic  proportions,  ri.-ing  to  a  height  of  rather  more 
than  300  feet,  with  a  stem  occasionally  45  feet  in  cir- 
cumference. Here  it  has  a  cream-coloured,  smooth 
bark,  and  is  locally  known  as  the  *  White  Gum.' 
In  other  districts  it  is  named  the  'Blue  Gum,* 
from  the  colour  of  its  leaves."  (Mueller.)  We  would 
rather  call  it  the  **  Purple  Gum,"  as  the  colour  is 
purplish-blue,  while  that  of  the  true  Blue  Gum  (E. 
globulus)  is  blue-white.  From  the  slenderness  of  its 
branches  it  is  named  the  "Twiggy  or  Wand  Gum  " 
E.   viminalis),    and  from    their  pendant  habit    it    is 


greatest  height  150  feet  ;  stem  circumference,  iS  feet." 
(Mueller.)  This  is  a  beautiful  tree,  the  habit  being 
spreading  and  drooping  ;  the  foliage  dark  green  and 
glaucous.  A  plant  about  3  feet  in  height  grows  at 
S'.rabane,  Brodick. 

The  White  Gum  (Eucalyptus  pauciflcra,  syn.  cori- 
acea ;  the  Weeping  Gum,  the  White  Peppermint 
tree,  the  Flooded  or  Swamp  Gam  :  New  South  Wales, 
Victoria,  Tasmania).  — "  A  tree  of  handsome  appear- 
ance, with  a  smooth  white  bark  and  generally 
drooping  foliage  ;  it  attains  considerable  dimensions, 
grows  best  in  moist  ground,  ascends  to  alpine  heights, 
and  shows  a  preference  for  basaltic  soil.  Horses, 
cattle,  and  sheep  browse  readily  on  the  foliage,  and  it 
is  locally  a  'stand-by'  in  bad  pastoral  seasons.  Its 
timber  is  used  for  ordinary  building  and  fencing 
purpo  es."  (Mueller.)  In  the  spring  of  1879  I 
received  the  seed  of  this  species  gathered  on  the  Blue 
Mountains,  New  South  Wales,  and  kindly  sent  me 
by  Mr.  Bailey,  Government  Botanist,  Queensland, 
I  sowed  it  at  once.  The  following  year,  when 
only  about  9  inches  in  height,  it  was  planted 
at  Captain  Brown's,  Lamlash.  The  severest  winter 
followed  that  we  haye  had  for  a  quarter  of  a  century, 


it  frequently  grows  ;  and  the  Peppermint  tree  "  from 
its  perfume. 

Summary. — Already  nine  species  of  Eucalyptus  are 
growing  in  Arran.  These  include  the  greater  number 
of  the  most  interesting  species.  In  Arran  they  do  not 
in  general  grow  with  the  wonderful  rapidity  of  Gums 
in  Australia,  though,  as  has  been  mentioned,  the  Blue 
Gum  adds  4  feet  yearly  to  its  height,  and  the  White 
Gum  2\  inches  to  its  girth  ;  yet  in  consequence  of  the 
moist,  mild,  and  comparatively  uniform  temperature 
of  this  island,  and  also  the  influence  which  sea  air  is 
known  to  exert  in  adding  to  substance  and  size  in 
foliage,  it  is  believed  that  they  are  as  luxuriant 
(the  alpine  Gum  much  more  luxuriant)  as  those  of 
Australia, 

They  are  all  evergreens,  and  manyof  them,  especially 
when  the  plants  are  young,  begin  in  mild  winters  to 
send  forth  young  leaves  as  early  as  February,  when 
their  fresh  reddish-green  tints  are  very  refreshing  to 
the  eye.  They  also  continue  to  grow  and  look  fresh 
till  winter  ;  and  now  that  they  have  begun  also  to 
bloom,  these  naUves  0  the  antipodes  cannot  fail 
speedily  to  become  among  the  most  conspicuous  forest 
ornaments  of  this  wonderful  island. 


7H 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[DECtMBER  4,    l8 


A    MOST   BEAUTIFUL  ARAUCARIA. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  a  most  beautiful  and 
most  perfect  Araucaria  (A.  imbricata)  adorns  the 
height  in  front  of  the  house  alongside  of  Captain 
Utown's,  at  Lamlash.  It  is  most  prominent,  as  it  is 
immediately  above  the  head  of  the  new  pier.  It  is  of 
the  richest  green,  and  lunurianlly  lurniihed  with 
blanches  to  the  very  ground. 

Acacias. 
The  Blackiuooil  /?■«  (Acacia  melanoxylon  :  Sjulh- 
eastern  Australia). — This  is  one  of  the  most  valu- 
a'jle  of  Australian  trees,  the  wood  being  very  beautiful, 
almost  equal  to  Walnut.  It  grows  to  the  height  of  So 
feet,  with  a  stem  several  feet  in  diameter.  When  a 
seedling  the  leaves  are  most  beautifully  pinnilifid, 
but  in  a  few  years  the  leal-stalk  becomes  the  leaf, 
when  the  tree  assumes  much  the  appearance  ol  a  Gam. 
Ii  has  proved  quite  healthy  in  Arran  where  there  were 
two  plants  ;  but  they  grew  so  luxuriantly  that  both  of 
them  were  overthrown  by  the  wind.  I  have  this  year 
so«n  seeds,  to  renew  the  experiment. 

The  Golden  Blackiaood  (Acacia  penninervis  :  Vic- 
toria, New  South  Wales  and  Queensland),  — "  A  tree, 
40  feet  in  height,  the  young  shoots  minutely  golden- 
pubescent.  It  is  so  hardy  as  to  occupy  sub-alpine 
localities."  (Mueller.)  This  grows  slowly,  but  it  is 
very  beautiful.  A  plant  grew  at  Captain  Brown's, 
Lamlash,  but  it  was  eaten  badly  by  a  sheep  and  did 
not  recover. 

The  Black  Watlle  (Acacia  decurrens  :  East  of  South 
Australia). — "This  Acacia  is  perhaps  the  most  import- 
ant of  all  the  tannin-yielding  trees  of  the  warm  tem- 
perate zones,  and  its  bark  is  three  times  more  powerful 
in  tinning  property  than  British  Oak  bark.  It  grows 
to  the  height  of  60  feet,  and  adds  3  inches  to  its 
growth  yearly."  (Mueller.)  It  is  a  most  lovely 
plant,  by  much  the  most  beautiful  evergreen,  grow- 
ing in  the  open  air  in  Arran,  indeed  in  Britain.  Its 
Australian  name  "  Feather-leaf,"  is  most  descriptive 
of  its  form  and  texture,  while  its  colour  is  a  beautiful 
shade  of  green.  At  Captain  Brown's,  Lamlash,  a 
plant  grows  in  the  greatest  perfection,  though,  as 
yet,  it  has  not  bloomed.  It  is  9  feet  4  inches  in 
height,  and  5i  inches  in  girth  at  lo  inches  from  the 
ground,  and  grows  at  the  rate  of  2|  (eet  in  the  year. 
It  is  stated  by  Mueller  that  it  is  hardier  thin  the 
Blue  Gjm.  In  Arran  this  holds  good  in  the  sense 
that  it  is  more  tenacious  o(  life,  as  frost  thit  would 
destrny  the  Blue  Gum  does  not  kill  it.  But  it  is  not 
hardier  than  the  Blue  fJum  in  the  sense  thit  it  is  less 
liable  to  receive  injury  from  frost,  as  it  and  the  Blue 
(jam  grow  alongside  at  Captain  Brown's,  the  BlujGum 
being  slightly  more  exposed,  yet  the  frost  of  last 
winter  did  not  injure  the  Blue  Gum  in  the  slightest 
while  the  Feather-leaf  lost  much  of  the  growth  of 
the  previous  year. 

The  Silver  Wa///i  (Acacia  dealbata  :  S  Julh-eastern 
Australia  and  Tasmania).  — "  This  tree  grows  to  the 
height  of  150  feet,  and  is  distinguished  from  A. 
decurtens  by  the  silvery  or  rather  ashy  hue  of  its 
young  foliage  and  by  flowering  early  in  spring  whil; 
the  other  flower  in  the  beginning  of  summer." 
(Mueller.)  There  was  a  tree  in  Arran,  but  it  died. 
It  was  neither  so  beautiful  nor  so  hardy  as  A. 
decuirens. 

The  Golden  Wallle  (Acacia  pycnantha  ;  Victoria 
and  South-eastern  Australia). — This  Watlle  grew  ftr 
several  winters  at  Captain  Brown's,  Lamlash  ;  but 
was  killed  by  the  frost  of  last  winter.  It  never 
throve,  and  was  in  appearance  altogether  inferior  to 
the  Blackwooi  (.\cacia  melanoxylon),  to  which  it 
has  considerable  resemblance. 

Palm  Lilies. 

The  Palm  Lilies  (Cordylioes)  are  most  interesting, 
and  give  a  tropical  character  to  a  garden.  At  Cromla, 
Corrie,  three  species  have  grown  for  several  years, 
and  noleven  the  cold  of  i8So-8l  afl'ected  them  in  the 
slightest.     They  are  — 

The  Undivided  Palm-Lily  (Cordyllne  indivisa  ; 
New  ZiiUnd).— "The  stem  of  this  thick  and 
r'gid-leaved  Palm-like  species  rises  to  a  heit;ht 
of  20  feet,  and  remains  undivided,  hence  its 
name.  Leaves  5  inches  broad,  yield  the  toa  6bre. 
Panicle  at  first  erect,  berries  white."  (Mueller.) 
Avenues  are  formed  of  this  species  in  Australia,  as 
at  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Bailarat.  It  is  better 
adapted  for  avenues  than  the  other  species,  as,  unlike 
to  them,  it  does  not  throw  up  suckers.  It  is  interest- 
ing to  know  that  there  is  at  least  one  such  avenue  in 
Britain— at    Rosehill,    neat     Plymouth.       [Also    at 


Menabllly,  and  at  Tresco,  Scilly].  One  might  be 
formed  in  Arran,  where  a  plant  which  I  sowed  in 
1873  is  now,  including  leaves,  16  feet  in  height  and 
is  I  foot  4  inches  in  girth. 

The  Lofiy  Palm-Lily  (Cordyllne  au,tralls  :  New 
Zealand).  — "The  stem  of  this  noble  Palm-Lily  attains 
a  height  of  40  feet,  and  is  branched  ;  the  berries  are 
blue.  When  in  bloom  it  difi'jses  a  delightful  odour." 
(Mueller.)  It  grows  in  perfection  at  Cromla,  but 
its  stem  is  not  yet  divided,  nor  has  it  bloomed, 

Veitch's  Palm-Lily  (Cordyllne  Veitchii).  —  This 
seems  to  be  only  a  variety  of  C.  superbiens.  It 
grows  well  at  Corrie. 

Tree   Ferns. 

Dicksonia  Billardieri  (syn.  antarctica  :  South- 
eastern Australia,  New  Zealand). — IX  Billardieri  is 
the  older  name  of  this  Fern,  and  not  D.  antarctica. 
It  is  more  appropriate,  "as  nowhere  is  it  antarctic." 
(Mueller.)  This  stately  Fern  grows  to  the  height  of 
40  feet.  Sown  in  1865,  and  planted  by  me  at 
Cromla,  Corrie,  in  1867,  it  has  now  a  stem  2  feet 
5  inches  in  girth,  and  2  feet  4  inches  in  height  ;  sends 
out  annually  nearly  twenty  fronds  about  6  feet  long 
and  2  inches  in  breadth,  which  bear  spores  abundantly. 
It  adds  two  and  a  quarter  inches  to  its  height  yearly. 
It  lost  most  ol  its  fronds  in  i88o-8i,  This  is  a 
magnificent  plant. 

D.  s.juarosa, — This  has  a  stem  1 1  inches  in  height 
and  10  inches  in  girth.  Last  winter  (or  nearly  two 
months  the  entire  plant  was  buried  under  snow  ;  the 
leaves  suffered  somewhat,  but  the  plant  was  not 
injured.  It  also  lost  most  of  its  fronds  in  iSSo  Si. 
The  following  Ferns  (not  Tree  Ferns)  are  also  hardy 
at  Cromla,  Corrie  : — Todea  superba— its  fronds  were 
destroyed  in  1880  81,  but  it  soon  recovered  ;  Todea 
hymenophylloides ;  Adiantum  pedalum,  Asplenium 
Belangeri,  A.  lucidum,  and  A.  falcatum  were  all 
uninjured.  Pteris  scaberula  and  Trichomanes  radicans 
have  been  added  since. 

Casuarine.e. 

These  are  "the  most  singularly  picturesque  trees  in 
Australia,  and  furnish  one  of  its  best  limbers." 
(Mueller.)  They  would  grow  in  Arran  were  they  not 
so  brittle.  The  He  Oak  (Casuirina  equisetifolia), 
which  attains  a  height  of  150  feet,  grew  vigorously 
from  18S1  to  1885  in  the  Brodick  Castle  high 
garden  ;  but  at  length  it  was  snapped  by  the  wind. 
The  Stie  O^k  (C.  quadrivalvls)  grew  at  Captain 
Brown's,  Lamlash,  but  met  with  a  similar  accident, 
I  much  regret  that  this  most  interesting  species  is  not 
now  represented  in  Arran,  Would  they  have  stood 
such  a  winter  as  1S80  81  ? 

The  Grass  Tree. 
The  Grass  tree  (Xanthorrhcea  arborea  :  New  South 
Wales).— The  "  Black  Boy"  of  the  colonists,  speci- 
mens of  which  were  exhibited  at  the  Indian  and 
Colonial  Exhibition  of  this  year,  is  one  of  the  most 
singular  of  the  plants  of  Australia.  It  resembles  a 
great  Rush  with  a  tree  stem,  but  in  reality  it  belongs 
to  the  Lily  family.  The  stem  is  sometimes  6  feet  in 
height,  with  a  giith  of  2  feet;  the  flower-spike  3  or 
4  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  3  or  4  feet  in  length  and 
two  to  three  lines  broad.  A  specimen  was  this  year 
planted  at  Captain  Brown's,  Limlash, 

Palms. 
Chanueio/'S  Foi-lunei  CHoiihChmi).  —  "The  hardiest 
of  all  Palms  is  Chamxrops  excelsa,  one  of  the  Fan 
Palms,  which  has  stood  3°  K.,  only  having  its  roots 
protected  by  a  little  litter.  This  grows  at  the  rate  of 
a  foot  a  year  at  Melbourne.  Chamcerops  Fortunei, 
the  Chusan  Palm,  from  North  China,  is  a  variety  or 
closely  allied  species.  It  attains  a  height  of  30  feet, 
and  also  endures  considerable  cold."  (Mueller.)  0.ie 
of  the  latter  was  planted  this  year  at  Captain  Brown's. 

PlTTOSPDRUMS. 

Pillosporum  undulatum  (Southeastern  Australia). 
—This  tree  at  times  attains  a  height  of  So  feet.  "  Its 
flowers  are  delightfully  scented."  It  has  grown  for 
several  years  in  Brodick  Castle  high  garden,  and  is 
now  4  feet  3  inches  in  height. 

P.  lobira  ([apan).— This  grows  to  the  height  of 
12  feet.  lis  flowers,  like  those  of  P.  undulatum,  are 
white,  and  very  fragrant.  The  extreme  thinness  of 
the  Holly-shaped  leaves  is  very  remarkable.  One 
was  planted  this  year  at  Captain  Brown's. 

P.  Ral/sii.—Oae  planted  in  the  same  place  this 
year. 


Miscellaneous  Plants  Blooming  i^  Abran, 

Btiddlea  glohoia  i^ChWi  and  Peru). — Its  orange  balls 
of  bloom  are  very  beautiful  ;  Desfontainea  spinosa 
(Peru),  8  feet  high,  flowers  from  July  to  January  ; 
Azalea  araoena  (China),  A.  pontlca  albi flora  (Turkey), 
Deulzia  gracilis  (Japan),  Myrtles,  Camellia^,  Banksian 
Rose  (flowers  seldom),  blue  Passion-flower  ( Brazil),  the 
very  beautiful  crimson-purple  variety  of  Veronica 
Andersonl,  the  very  beautiful  Eiica  arborea,  8  feet 
high,  iS  feet  in  circumference. 

Miscellaneous  Plants  not  yet  Bloomed. 

Euonymus  latifolia  aurea  (Japan),  Photinia  serru- 
lala  (China),  Coccoloba  vespertilionis  angustifolla, 
Eurya  latifolia  (Japan),  tjuercus  suber  (Spain),  Cun- 
nlnghamia  sinensis  (I  foot  in  ginh),  A-^atma  tomen> 
tosa,  planted  in  18S5,  now  in  excellent  health  ;  Pla- 
tanus  occidentalis  (Levant),  3  feet  9J  inches  in  girth  ; 
Osmanthus  aquifolius  (Japan),  Othera  japonica,  the 
Cloth  of  Gold  Rose,  the  Bush  Lawyer  (Rubus  aus- 
tralis)— the  variety  with  the  leaves  reduced  to  mid- 
ribs, the  Taraheke  of  New  Zealand — very  strange- 
looking,  and  a  bush  lawyer  indeed  ;  the  Pepper  tree 
of  Gibraltar,  where  it  grows  in  great  beauty  (Schinus 
molle).  "  From  Mexico  to  Chili,  ascending  the 
Andes  to  about  12,750  feet.  A  tree  thriving  in  dry 
and  sandy  soil,  odorous  in  all  its  parts,  the  foliage  in 
bouquets  a  good  substitute  for  Ferns,  and  not  quickly 
shrivelling  ;  the  jerking  motion  of  leaf  fragments 
thrown  into  water  very  remarkable  ;  the  somewhat 
spicy  small  fruit  serving  as  a  condiment."  (Mueller.) 
I  had  seen  and  much  admired  this  tree  at  Gibraltar. 
A  friend  kindly  sent  me  seed  from  Chili.  Planted 
this  summer  at  Captain  Brown's,  Lamlash.  The 
wild  Olive  (ElKagnus  reflexa,  syn.  japonica)  has 
grovn  for  many  years.  The  strange  Bottle  tree  of 
Australia  (Brachychiton  diversifolium),  so  called  from 
the  bottle-shaped  expansion  above  the  neck  of  the 
stem. 

Cantyre,   Argyllshire. 

Though  Cantyre  forms  part  of  the  mainland  of 
Scotland,  yet  it  is  connected  with  it  by  so  narrow  a 
strip  of  land  that  in  climate  it  is  insular.  It  stre'ches 
for  30  or  40  miles  parallel  to  Arran  and  about  half-a- 
dozen  miles  west  of  it.  The  fame  of  the  Australian 
plants  growing  at  Lady  Campbell's,  South  Park, 
Campbelton,  led  me  to  visit  the  place.  Lady  Camp- 
bell most  kindly  took  me  through  her  grounds.  The 
most  remarkable  plant  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of 
the  lofty  Palm-Lily  (Cordyllne  australis).  I  had 
thought  those  in  Arran  had  not  their  equals  in  Britain, 
out-of-doors,  except  in  the  south  of  England  ;  but 
this  one  at  South  Park  is  much  superior.  Its  stem  is 
more  than  2  feet  (24^  inches)  in  girth.  At  the  height 
of  more  than  S  feet  the  stem  separates  into  four 
smaller  stems  ;  and  about  2  feet  higher  one  of  these 
parts  into  two,  so  that  in  all  there  are  five  stems  at  the 
top.  Including  leaves,  it  is  fully  20  feet  in  height. 
Last  year  (1SS5)  it  bore  four  immense  spikes  of  bloom 
and  matured  abundance  of  seed.  Some  of  it  was  sent 
to  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Edinburgh,  from  which  it 
was  distributed  by  Mr.  Lindsay  over  Britain,  in  the 
hope  that,  being  native,  plants  raised  from  it  would 
prove  hardy.  It  has  not  bloomed  this  year. 
It  is  less  than  twenty  years  since  it  was  raised  by  Lady 
Campbell  from  seed.  Another  remarkable  plant  is 
Piltosporura  tenuifolium.  It  is  16  feet  2  inches  in 
height;  and  the  stem,  near  the  ground,  is  I  foot  loj 
inches  in  girth.  It  blooms  abundantly.  The  fl  jwers 
are  dusky-crimson  in  hue  and  sweetly  perfumed.  A 
plant  of  P.  undulatum  (the  Lemon-scented  Pitto- 
sporum),  grows  beside  the  other  ;  but  it  has  not  yet 
bloomed.  A  high  wall  is  covered  with  an  Australian 
Convolvulus.  The  leaves  are  small,  but  the  flowers, 
which  are  white,  are  of  the  size  of  those  of  Calystegia 
seplum.  The  Australian  Solanum  avlculare  also 
grows  on  the  same  wall,  Tne  New  Zealand  Tea 
plant  (EJward^ia  microphylla)  has  bloomed  in  the 
greenhouse  ;  there  is  also  in  the  open  air  a  Blue  and 
a  Red  Gum,  These  grow  freely  till  they  overtop  the 
wall  which  protects  them  from  the  sea-blast ;  but 
when  exposed  to  it  they  perish. 

Balinakill,  Argyllshire, 
Balinakill,  the  residence  of  William  Mackinnon. 
E-q.,  is  situated  on  the  north-east  of  Cantyre,  and 
about  parallel  to  the  north  of  Arran.  The  house  is 
surrounded  by  carefully  cultivated  woods,  which  give 
shelter  to  more  delicate  plants.  Here  the  Urn-bear- 
ing Gum  (Eucalyptus  urnigera)  is  3  feet  5  inches 
high  ;  the  Little  Blue  Gum  (E.  coccifera),  also  3  feet 


December  4, 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


71S 


S  inches  high  ;    and  the   Cider   Gum   (E.   Gunnii), 
5  feet  high,  all  grow  healthily. 

Gadgirth,  Ayrshire. 
Gidgiith,  the  residence  of  General  Burnett,  is  on 
the  banks  of  the  Ayr,  and  4J  miles  from  the  sea.  The 
soil  is  light  and  good,  and  the  place  is  sheltered  by 
wood  and  hills  in  all  directions.  Here  the  seed  of  the 
hardiest  of  all  the  Gum  trees  (Eucalyptus  cocciftn) 
vas  sown  in  the  open  air  in  the  spring  of  iSSi.  It 
germinated  well,  and  now  one  of  the  plants  is  \2\  feet 
high,  and  3^  inches  in  girth.  Among  the  plants 
raised  is  on?  of  a  most  interesting  and  beautiful 
variety,  the  leaves  being  so  covered  with  a  hoary 
bloom,  both  above  and  on  the  under-side,  as  to  be 
almost  white.  Hiving  been  transplanted,  it  is  only 
about  half  the  size  of  the  other :  I  have  seen  none 
at  all  like  to  it. 

ROSENEATH,    Dt;.MBARTONSilIRK. 

Roseneath,  at  the  mou'h  of  Gare  Loch  on  the 
Clyde,  is  the  furthest  north  that  the  Gum  trees  have 
been  tiicd  with  success.  It  is  above  the  56°  of  ncr,h 
latitude.  It  is  a  most  beautiful  parish,  and  in  it  there 
is  no  more  lovely  spot  than  that  of  the  Established 
Church  manse.  Here  the  tallest  tree  in  the  woilJ, 
the  Giant  Gum  {Eucilyptus  amygdalina  var.  regnan?) 
was  planted  in  1S76.  It  grew  famously  till  the 
winter  of  18S0  81,  when  very  severe  frost  cut  it  to  the 
ground.  It  sprouted  again  in  the  spring,  and  grew 
so  quickly  that,  lett  it  should  break,  it  was  topped. 
It  now  is,  however,  15  feet  4  inches  in  height  and 
64  feet  in  height,  both  height  and  girih  being  taken 
at  4.i  feet  from  the  ground,  as  it  bifurcates  just 
above  this. 

Near  to  the  Giant  Gum  grows  a  specimen  of  the 
Urn-bearing  Gum  (Eucalyptus  urnigera).  It  was 
planted  a  few  years  ago,  and  has  had  to  contend  wiih  a 
squirrel  which  ate  its  bark,  and  a  roedeer  that  ate 
its  leaves,  yet  it  is  doing  well,  and  being  much  more 
hardy,  may  yet  overtop  its  giant  neighbour. 

I  have  thus  given  a  full  and  exact  account  of  the 
Australian  and  New  Zealand  plants  known  to  me 
as  growing  in  Arran,  and  in  the  West  of  Scotlan '. 
This  report  I  will  not  repeat  for  some  time.  Should 
I,  or  any  one  else,  at  the  end  of  halfa-dozen  years, 
furnish  your  Society  with  another  report,  it  is  hoped 
thit  it  will  tell  of  great  growth  and  development. 
D.  Landsboroit^h. 


EFFECTS  OF  THE  RECENT  FOG. 

OuT-OF  DOORS  any  evil  effects  accruing  to  vegeta- 
tion at  the  present  time  cannot  be  directly  attiibuted 
to  fog  alone,  seeing  that  we  have  lately  experienced 
several  degrees  of  frost  in  addition  to  the  absence 
of  sufficient  lighN  Add  to  this  the  natural  fa'I 
of  the  leaf  and  the  fact  that  our  native  vegetation  is 
less  susceptible,  as  a  rule,  to  changes  in  the  intensity 
of  the  light  than  many  exotic  subjects,  and  we  have  a 
combinalion  of  causes  at  work  io  bringing  about  the 
phenomenon  of  sere  and  decaying  leaves,  so  that 
changes  in  that  direction  out-of-doors  are  less  notice- 
able at  this  season  than  they  would  otherwise  be. 
Under  gUss,  however,  the  condiiions  are  very  differ- 
ent, and  where  plants  have  to  be  kept  in  a  growing 
or  flowering  condition,  the  difficulties  that  the  culti- 
vator has  to  contend  with  are  of  a  serious  kind,  and  all 
the  more  so  because  in  a  great  raeasureinsurmountabl '. 
Thin-leaved  plants  are  those  most  liable  to  suffer  from 
a  diminution  of  the  light,  and  especially  those  that  are 
highly  sensitive  to  variations  in  its  intensity,  and 
exhibit  the  phenomena  of  sleep.  This  will  be  evident 
by  reference  to  such  plants  as  Phylhnthus  (Reidia) 
glaucescens,  Poinciana  regia,  P.  pulcherrima,  Coesal- 
pinias,  Calliandras,  and  others  of  that  nature  which 
during  the  week  in  which  we  had  a  continuance  of 
three  days'  fog  exhibited  all  the  appearance  of  being 
kept  in  darkness  for  a  considerable  time. 

In  spile  of  every  care  and  attention  on  the  part  of 
the  cultivator  as  to  temperature  and  moisture,  the 
other  all-imporlant  condition  to  plant  life,  namely, 
light,  being  absent,  the  leaves  or  the  leaflets,  as  ihe 
case  may  be,  turn  yellow,  and  drop,  making  the 
plant  for  all  piactical  purposes  deciduous,  although 
evergreen  under  ordinary  and  favourable  circum- 
stances. The  same  unfavourable  conditions  tell 
severely  on  Victoria  regia  owing  to  its  rapidity  of 
growth,  and  the  necessary  expedition  with  which  the 
internal  changes  must  take  place.  Nor  is  this  con- 
fined to  subjects  of  the  nature  just  mentioDed,  but  al 


soft-wooded  plants  suffer  more  or  less  visibly,  and 
make  the  task  of  the  cultivator  precarious  and  un- 
satisfactory. Orchid  growers  have  also  to  deplore 
the  failure  of  Phalsenopsis,  Angrsecum,  and  Cattleya 
flowers,  epecially  of  the  two  former.  Poinsettias 
have  suffered  visibly,  and  are  in  many  cases  prac'icaliy 
rained  for  a  season.  Fortunately,  when  we  turn  to 
hard-wooded  plants  the  case  is  more  satisfactory,  and 
6ne-foliaged  plants  of  this  class  suffer  comparatively 
lit'le  from  a  temporary  diminution  of  the  light,  pro- 
vided the  leaves  are  mature.  This  arises  from  the 
fact  that  changes  take  place  much  less  rapidly  in 
rigid,  leathery,  and  evergreen  leaves,  than  in  those  of 
a  ihin  and  membranous  texture.  J.  F, 


WOODS     IN    THE     LATE 
COLONIAL   EXHIBITION. 

{Continued  from  p.  685.) 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  Court. — Although  but 
very  few  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  trees,  save, 
indeed,  some  of  the  now  naturalised  kinds,  such  as 
Pinus  Pinaster  and  P.  Pinea,  our  English  Oak, 
Quercus  pedunculata,  Populus  alba,  and  some  few 
members  of  the  Willi*  family,  can  be  considered  as 
suitable  for  growth  in  this  country,  still  their  remark- 
able and  beautifully  grained  woods,  as  reveakd  in  the 
majority  of  specimens  exhibited,  a^  well  as  varied 
uses  to  which  they  are  applied,  make  it  almost 
imperative  for  me  to  notice  briefly  a  few  of  such  as 
are  of  particular  interest,  or  that,  from  their  distinct 
and  beautiful  markings,  attracted  my  notice. 

No  one  who  has  even  the  faintest  idea  of  limber 
and  its  graining  could  pass  unnoticed  the  beauti- 
ful slabs — one  plank  and  two  round  sections — 
of  Umtizi  or  Umzumbeit,  for  certainly  as  regards 
depth  of  colouring  and  beauty  of  arrangement 
in  graining  this  wood  was  not  surpassed  by  any  other 
specimen  in  the  whole  Exhibition ;  and  if  the  speci- 
mens shown  be  a  fair  sample,  as  regards  colour  and 
graining,  of  the  wood  as  usually  grown,  then  its 
value  for  particular  purposes  must  be  great  indeed. 
Mr.  Iledley,  of  the  Cape  Court,  informed  me  that 
some  doubt  existed  as  to  the  botanic  xl  name  of  the 
tree  that  producer  this  wood,  but  that  Milletia  Kafra 
was  that  usually  bestowed,  and  by  most  authorities 
considered  as  correct.  The  wood,  which  we  were 
informed,  is  believed  to  be  the  hardest  and  heaviest 
of  those  grown  in  South  Africi,  is  recorded  amongit 
my  notes  as  being  of  a  bright  yellow,  with  mitkings 
of  the  darkest  of  ebony  and  brightest  of  pink.  It  i?, 
indeed,  at  once  a  remarkable  and  beautifully  defined 
wood,  the  deep  yellow  of  the  outer  or  sap-wood— but 
which  is  different  to  the  mij  rity  of  sap-woods  in  being 
almost  as  hard  as  the  heart-wood— off.riog  such  a 
striking  contrast  to  the  black  and  pink  of  that  towards 
the  centre ;  indeed,  I  must  c:}nfess  that  I  have 
never  before  seen  so  beautifully  grained  and  rich 
coloured  wool.  Amulets  and  other  ornaments  which 
require  the  most  beautiful  of  wood  for  their  manu- 
facture, and  on  which  a  great  amount  of  labour  is 
usually  bestowed,  as  well  as  the  much-sought-after 
Kafiir  walking-sticks,  clubs,  fancy  boxes,  &c.,  are 
usually  made  from  this  wood  ;  but  being  of  small  size 
— for  the  la'-gest  we  measured  was  bat  15  inches  in 
diameter — it  is  rarely  employed  in  the  miking  of 
artistic  furniture,  or  for  other  uses  where  lar^e 
planks  are  an  acquisition.  We  were  told  thai  in 
the  coast  forests  this  tree  occurs  in  some  plenty.  The 
bark  reminded  us  much  of  that  of  our  common  Holly. 

How  durable,  even  under  the  most  trying  circum- 
stances, some  of  the  Cape  woods  are,  was  demonstrated 
in  a  very  practical  and  common-sense  way  by  the 
Railway  Department,  for  I  noticed  no  fewer  than  about 
a  dozen  sleepers  that  had  been  used  on  the  Cape 
Government  railways  for  periods  varying  from  three 
to  twenty-ons  years,  and  ftom  the  effects  of  which 
they  seemed  but  little  the  worse.  The  red  assegii 
wood  certainly  seems  after  nineteen  years  wear  and 
tear  to  be  as  sound  a;  some  of  the  logs  cut  but 
recently  for  exhibition  purposes. 

Oak  and  Camphor  wood  sleepers,  after  twenty  and 
twenty-one  years  use,  were,  likewise,  fresh  and  with 
but  little  decay  ;  while  those  made  from  Stink-wood 
also  showed  clearly  how  well  adapted  for  that  im- 
portant purpose  was  the  timber  of  that  va'uable  tree, 
I  fancy,  somehow,  but  only  in  judging  from  the  speci- 
mens exhibited,  that  the  wood  of  the  Oak,  Willow, 
and  Pinus  Pinaster,  as  grown  in  South  Africa,  is 
superior  to  what  is  produced  in  this  country.  For 
certain  the  wood  of  the  Pine  just  mentioned,  as  any 


one  would  see  who  examined  the  cross  section 
exhibited,  is  of  a  far  deeper  colour,  harder,  and  with 
the  concentric  rings  more  firmly  packed  than  any  I 
have  ever  had  the  opportunity  of  examining  in  this 
country.  This  Pine  is  said  to  grow  extremely  well 
at  the  Cape,  but  the  wood  has  not  been  much  used 
yet,  unless,  indeed,  for  firewood,  for  which  purpose 
it  is  largely  used,  and  sells  well  at  Cape  Town. 
Pinus  Pinea,  of  which  a  nice  plank  was  exhibited, 
would  seem  to  be  more  useful  than  ihe  Pinaster,  for 
it  is  frequently  converted  into  planking  for  fencing 
materials,  particularly  posts,  and  in  the  construction 
of  buildings.  It  is,  perhaps,  unnecessary  for  me 
to  repeat  what  has  been  frequently  stated  in  the 
columns  of  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle^  that  both 
these  Pines  are  admirably  suited  for  planting  in  this 
country. 

The  Stink-wood  or  Laurel-wood  (Oreodaphne 
bulla'a)  could  not  but  attract  the  visitor's  attention, 
whether  by  the  large  planks  and  round  sections 
exhibited,  or  by  the  beautiful  and  costly  bedroom 
and  dining-room  suites  that,  from  the  number  of 
examiners,  would  seem  to  have  attracted  a  more  than 
ordinary  amount  of  notice.  Resembling  the  best- 
marked  Walnut- wood,  that  of  the  Stink-wood  is  much 
prized  for  furniture  making,  having  little  or  no  sap- 
wood,  being  remarkably  strong  and  durable,  and 
susceptible  of  the  very  highest  polish.  Being  now 
extremely  scarce,  the  wood  is  much  valued,  but  at 
one  time  it  was  fairly  abundant  and  largely  used  in 
the  construction  of  carts  and  waggons,  for  house 
building,  and,  as  before  stated,  by  Government  for 
railway  purposes. 

From  the  Government  Forest  Department  of  Cape 
Town  came  some  exhibits  o(  the  wood  of  that  beautiful 
tree,  Leucodendron  argen'eum,  or  the  Silver  tree, 
leaves  and  fruit  of  which  were  recently  figured  in  the 
Gardcneyi  ChionicU^  but  which,  from  its  soft 
nature,  is  not  much  in  request,  except  occasionally 
for  furniture  making.  It  takes  a  fine  polish,  and 
seemed  from  its  pretty  appearance  to  merit  a  greater 
amount  of  attention  than  we  were  led  to  believe  is 
bestowed  upon  it, 

WinnRINGTONIA    JUNIPEROIDES. 

Two  planks  and  round  sections  of  the  commonly 
called  Cedar  tree,  show  off  to  perfection  the  nicely 
marked  woid  of  this  valuable,  but  now  almost  extinct 
Conifer.  It  inhabits  the  highest  parts  of  the  moun- 
tains, but  has  in  reality  been,  as  it  were,  driven  there 
before  the  ax i  of  the  woodmin,  yet  so  valuable  has 
the  timber  of  this  tree  becjm;,  that  it  is  now,  we  are 
told,  conveyed  for  mioy  miles  through  almost  inacces- 
sible tracts  of  rocky  country,  and  chiefly  by  manual 
labour,  to  the  lower  levels,  where  it  finds  a  ready 
market. 

Government  has,  however,  and  not  before  it  was 
time,  come  to  the  rescue  of  this  valuable  tree,  for  whole 
woods  of  it  have  been  formed  on  Table  Mountain, 
but  principally  at  high  elevations;  so  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  both  in  the  interests  of  commerce  and  for  ihe 
beneficial  effects  to  the  surrounding  country,  they  may 
prosper  and  become  a  source  of  revenue  to  ihg 
country. 

S.NEEZEWOOD  (PTEROXYLON  UTILE), 

of  which  we  noticed  a  large-sized  board  and  sevtnl 
sections,  is  reckoned  amongst  the  most  valuable  of  ihe 
South  African  woods.  It  is  said  to  be,  so  far  as 
durability  is  concerned,  superior  even  to  Lignum 
vilEe,  and  has  actually,  in  machine  bearings,  been 
known  to  last  longer  than  either  brass  or  iron. 
Another  valuable  quality  — valuable,  at  Ica-t,  in  its 
native  land — is  its  freedom  from  the  attacks  of  ants  on 
the  land,  and  marine  insects  when  employed  as  piles 
beneath  water. 

Cape  Boxwood. 
This  Boxwood,  so  far  as  we  could  judge  from  the 
beautifully  polished  boards  as  well  as  rough  logs  and 
sections,  resembles  very  closely  our  native  plant, 
Buxus  sempervirens  ;  but  with  this  it  is  certainly  not 
identical,  as  any  person  may  at  once  judge  from  the 
carefully  preserved  specimens  of  both  foliage  and 
fruit  included  in  the  interesting,  and  well  arranged 
herbarium.  In  colour  it  is,  likewise,  lighter  than 
what  we  have  cut  up  at  Penrhyn.  but  as  regards 
weight  and  hardness,  it  is  certainly  a  counterpart  of 
our  own.  Being  very  plentiful  in  particular  districts, 
this  tree  is  sure  to  find  a  ready  market  in  Britain,  for 
the  Continental  supplies  on  which  we  have  long 
depended  are  now  said  to  be  becoming  less  and  less. 


7i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886. 


The  many  uses  to  which  Boxwood  is  put  in  this 
country,  such  as  in  the  making  of  mathematical 
instruments,  and  for  engraving  purposes,  render  a 
supply  of  the  wood  of  the  greatest  importance,  but 
grave  doubts  have  been,  for  the  past  few  years, 
expressed  regarding  the  ultimate  supply,  which  af  the 
present  time  is  gradually  on  the  wane. 

Yellow-wood. 

Perhaps  the  largest  growing  tree  in  the  Cape 
Colony  is  the  Yellow-wood  (Podocarpus  elongatus), 
but  whether  or  not  certainly  the  largest  planks  exhi- 
bited in  that  court  were  from  this  tree.  The  plank 
referred  to  was  20  feet  long  and  about  5  feet  in  width, 
and  showed  the  pretty  yellow  colour  and  unusual 
freedom  from  knots  and  shakes  that  is  not  charac- 
teristic of  large  growing  woods  generally.  As  will  be 
seen  on  eximining  some  of  the  Cape  carts  and  waggons 
Yellow-wood  is  largely  used  for  naves,  but  particu- 
larly for  the  bottoms  and  framework  of  the  stronger 
waggons  or  such  as  are  used  for  conveying  mer- 
chandise, &c.,  from  one  station  to  another. 

Several  Yellow-wood  sleepers,  sent  by  the  Railway 
Department,  show  the  eflfects  of  both  creosoling  and 
an  application  of  chloride  of  zinc,  both  of  which  pro- 
cesses considerably  lengthen  the  lasting  properties  of 
the  timber.  In  Africa,  as  well  as  here,  it  has  been 
found  by  actual  experiments  that  improper  season- 
ing as  well  as  felling  these  trees  at  the  wrong  time 
impair  in  a  very  marked  degree  the  lasting  qualities 
of  the  wood.  A.  D.  Webster. 

{To  be  ccntinucd.) 


Tree3    and    ^hf^ub?. 

POISON    OAK    AND    POISON    IVY. 

There  seems  to  be  a  little  confusion  about  the 
synonyms  of  the  plants  called  by  these  names.  Two 
or  three  years  ago  Mr.  Archer  Hind,  who  lives  in 
Devonshire,  sent  me  in  autumn  some  very  brilliant 
scarlet  and  yellow  leaves.  My  son,  who  had  spent 
two  years  in  the  back  settlements  of  Minnesota,  and 
was  near  when  I  opened  the  box,  exclaimed  "  Hallo  ! 
Mind  how  you  touch  those  ;  they  are  poison  Ivy 
leaves."  He  informed  me  that  two  distinct  kinds, 
known  as  poison  Oak  and  poison  Ivy,  are  common  in 
Minnesota.  Their  touch,  or  even  their  exhalations, 
affect  different  persons  very  differently.  He  was 
never  injured  by  them,  but  he  knew  a  man  and  his 
wife  who  nearly  lost  their  lives  by  sleeping  under 
one.  The  poison  Oak  is  a  shrub,  the  poison  Ivy  a 
creeper,  and  the  latter  is  considered  the  more  dan- 
gerous of  the  two.  The  two  are  no  doubt  identical 
with  two  species  of  Rhus,  or  Sumach,  described  by 
Asa  Gray  in  his  Manual  of  North  American  Botany^ 
p.  Ill: — I.  Rhus  venenata  (De  Candolle). — Poison 
Sumach  or  Dogwood,  the  R.  vernix  of  Linnaeus.  A 
shrub  6  to  iS  feet  high,  also  called  poison  Elder. 
2.  R.  toxicodendron  (Linnaeus). — Poison  Ivy  or 
poison  Oak.  A  creeper,  climbing  over  rocks  or 
ascending  trees  ;  leaves  cut-lobed  or  else  entire,  then 
it  is  R.  radicans  of  Linnaeus.  Twice  this  autumn  I 
have  seen  leaves  of  this  exposed  for  sale  in  Covent 
Garden  Market.  Mr.  Archer  Hind  tells  me  that 
neither  he  nor  any  one  else  have  ever  suffered  any 
bad  effects  by  touching  the  plant.  C.  Wolley  Dod, 
Edge  Hall,  Nov.  II. 

A  Memorial  Tree. 

A  very  interesting  reminiscence  of  the  memorable 
International  of  1866  may  be  seen  at  the  present 
time  in  the  Ealing  nursery  of  Messrs.  Charles 
Lee  &  Son,  in  the  shape  of  a  magni&cent  specimen 
of  Wellingtonia  gigantea,  at  the  entrance  to  the 
fine  avenue  of  mixed  shrubs.  It  is  now  35  feet  in 
height,  and  20  feet  across  the  branches  at  the  base, 
well  shaped.  It  was  planted  by  Mr.  George  Cannon, 
the  manager,  soon  after  the  close  of  the  exhibition, 
its  height  then  being  6  feet.  The  shrub  formed  part 
of  a  collection  of  Conifers  exhibited  by  the  firm,  in- 
cluding Piceas,  Araucarias,  Cedrus  Deodara,  &c. 
They  were  all  planted  in  front  of  the  nursery  as 
specimens.  Although  the  weather  at  the  time  of 
planting  was  very  hot  and  dry,  and  of  course  very 
late  for  such  an  operation,  they  all  grew  and  did  well, 
making  nice  trees.  Abies  Piosapo  made  agrand  tree, 
as  also  did  one  or  two  of  the  Cedars  and  Araucarias. 
All  went  well  with  the  trees  till  the  disastrous  wet 
summer  of  1879,  and  the  severe  winters  of  i88o-8l, 
which  destroyed  some  and  damaged  others.  The 
Wtllingtnnia  has  borne  well  the  brunt  of  the  trying 


ordeal  through  which  it  has  passed,  much  better 
indeed  than  some  of  its  companions  at  the  great  hor- 
ticultural gathering  above  referred  to.  The  memor- 
able snowstorm  on  January  18,  1881,  thinned  the 
branches  a  little  on  the  north  side,  otherwise  it  would 
have  been  a  perfect  specimen.  B. 

Large  Trees  in  the  Western  Highlands  oy 
Scotland. 

Having  had  occasion  lately  to  visit  Ardgarten,  the 
beautiful  estate  of  Donald  Macgregor,  Esq.,  which  is 
situated  at  the  south  end  of  the  Vale  of  Glencoe, 
and  the  north  shore  of  Loch  Long,  Argyleshire,  a 
district  well  known  to  tourists,  here  I  found  in  the 
park,  in  front,  also  east  and  west  of  the  mansion, 
lome  remarkably  fine  trees  and  shrubs  of  large 
dimensions,  several  of  which  I  measured. 

To  give  your  readers  some  idea  of  what  size  trees 
and  shrubs  attain  to  in  Northern  Britain — the  general 
idea  being  that  few  species  grow  to  any  great  size  in 
the  Highlands  of  Scotland — the  following  are  the 
measurements  and  names  of  the  finest,  the  circum- 
ference taken  at  i  foot  from  the  ground  ;  — 

Spanish  Chestnut  ..  ..  ..  31  fr.    6  in. 

Ash           ..            ..  ..  ..  II  .,     J  „ 

Plane         ..              ..  ..  ..  18  „     a  „ 

Beech        ..              ..  ..  ..  16  „   10  ,, 

Do.           ..              ..  ..  17  ..     9  .. 

Plane         ..              ..  ..  ..  16  ,,    10  „ 

Four  Portugal  Laurels  average  12  feet  high,  and 
65  feet  in  circumference.  Three  Sweet  Bays  average 
18  feet  high  by  58  feet  in  circumference. 

I  may  mention  that  these  are  all  of  them  single 
specimens,  standing  on  the  turf.  There  are  also 
numerous  Larches  of  very  large  dimensions,  and 
quite  free  from  the  Larch  disease,  the  girth  of  which 
1  did  not  measure.  I  hope  to  have  something  more 
to  write  about  this  fine  place  and  its  surroundings, 
when  the  numerous  improvements,  planting,  &c.,  that 
are  going  on  at  present,  are  finished.    John  Doionie. 

P.S.  Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  ascertained 
that  the  Spanish  Chestnut  tree  noted  therein  is  men- 
tioned in  the  Life  of  the  late  Sir  Robert  Christison, 
in  the  following  terms  :  — 

"On  August  6,  1877,  I  visited  a  Spanish  Chestnut 
tree  at  Ardgarten,  Ariochar,  previously  well  known 
to  me  for  its  magnitude,  but  not  yet  so  famous  as  it 
ought  to  be.  When  I  was  last  at  Arrochar,  in  1867, 
it  was  a  tall,  stately,  vigorous  tree,  20  feet  in  girth  at 
5  feet  from  the  ground,  and  cot  to  the  eye  appre- 
ciably less  for  20  feet  upward,  where  its  first  division 
into  branches  took  place.  In  1S77  it  was  not  so 
stately,  as  some  of  its  large  upper  branches  had  been 
blown  down  ;  but  it  was  still  a  most  imposing  object 
seen  among  lesser,  but  by  no  means  small  trees  near 
it.  Its  base  represents  a  graceful  conoid  fully  5  feet 
high,  with  many  buttresses.  At  the  ground  round  its 
abutments  it  measures  31  feet  7  inches  ;  at  i  foot  up, 
26  feet  6  inches  ;  at  3  feet,  where  the  abutments 
come  nearly  to  an  end,  21  feet  9  inches  ;  at  5  feet, 
20  feet  6  inches  ;  and  at  6  feet,  20  feet.  By  Atkinson's 
hypsometer  the  topmost  twig  was  seen  to  be  73  feet 
high.  The  central  stem  appeared  to  the  eye  at  least 
18  inches  in  diameter  about  60  feet  from  the  ground, 
and  had  been  broken  off  at  about  8  feet  higher  ;  so 
that  when  I  saw  the  tree  in  1S67  it  must  have  been 
about  100  feet  in  height.  No  such  Chestnut  tree  has 
yet  been  publicly  mentioned  among  the  large  forest 
trees  of  Scotland,  so  far  as  I  have  yet  found.  Neither 
have  I  yet  seen  any  trunk  whatever  so  fine,  taking 
height  and  girth  together." 

Cerasus  Watereri. 

The  planting  season  of  deciduous  trees  being 
now  at  hand  I  would  like  to  call  attention  to  a 
tree  very  effective  in  ornamental  plantations,  both 
in  spring  and  autumn,  viz.,  Cerasus  Watereri,  which 
carries  its  foliage  longer  than  most  deciduous  trees. 
As  at  this  season,  when  autumn  and  winter  meets, 
any  bit  of  colour  is  valuable,  and  the  only  other 
remaining  bits  of  colour  at  present  are  the  leaves  on 
the  young  trees  of  the  common  Beech.  Cerasus 
Watereri  is  equally  beautiful  in  bloom  in  spring  with 
its  mauve  tinted  flowers.  R.  Maber,  Yattendon. 


A  Large  Turnip. — A  monster  Turnip  is  at 
present  on  view  in  the  shop  window  of  Messrs. 
Smith  &  Son,  seedsmen.  Market  Street,  Aberdeen. 
This  Turnip  was  grown  on  the  home  farm  of  King- 
causie,  from  seed  supplied  by  Messrs.  Smith  &  Son. 
It  measures  38  inches  in  circumference,  and  weighed 
234  lb.  when  pulled  and  dressed  (about  four  roots  to 
the  hundredweight).  The  name  of  the  variety  is 
Sittyton  Prize  Purple-top  Yellow, 


\mi  \\mm. 


THE  CINERARIA. 
For  several  weeks  we  have  been  enjoying  the 
brilliant  colours  of  the  earliest  flowering  varieties, 
and  those  intended  to  flower  later  have  nearly  filled 
the  pots  in  which  they  are  to  Sower  with  roots,  while 
the  later  April-flowering  plants  are  now  being  re- 
potted. The  weather,  so  far,  has  been  admirable, 
and  as  a  natural  consequence  the  plants  are  free  from 
greenfly  and  mildew.  A  few  of  the  larger  leaves 
have  decayed  on  some  of  the  plants,  but  not  to  the 
extent  of  causing  the  least  permanent  injury.  To 
obtain  good  specimen  plants,  the  point  of  the  centre 
shoot  has  to  be  pinched  out  when  it  has  grown  2  or  3 
inches.  The  lateral  growths  require  to  be  tied  out  as 
soon  as  they  are  long  enoueh.  A  strip  of  tarred 
twine  is  tied  underneath  the  rim  of  the  pot,  to  which 
they  are  tied  down.  The  plants  require  to  be  looked 
over  about  once  in  two  or  three  weeks  to  do  this,  and 
to  remove  any  leaves  that  may  happen  to  decay.  If 
green-fly  is  seen  anywhere  fumigate  at  once.  Nearly 
all  our  plants  have  been  propagated  from  offsets  this 
year,  and  are  quite  as  strong  as  the  seedlings.  The 
plants  ought  to  be  placed  quite  close  to  the  glass 
roof,  and  those  plants  that  have  quite  filled  their  pots 
with  roots  are  much  benefited  by  being  supplied  occa- 
sionally with  very  weak  liquid  manure  water. 

The  Calceolaria. 
The  winter  treatment  of  the  herbaceous  Calceolaria 
is  very  much  the  same  as  that  of  the  Cineraria.  So 
seldom  are  the  plants  raised  in  any  other  way  except 
from  seeds,  that  I  will  but  remaik  that  propagated 
plants  can  be  grown  fairly  well  by  taking  the  growths 
any  time  during  the  summer  with  a  portion  of  roots 
attached  ;  these  should  be  potted  in  sandy  soil,  using 
thumb-pots,  and  as  soon  as  the  roots  have  laid  good 
hold  of  the  soil  repot  them  in  larger  pots,  when  they 
can  be  grown  on  as  seedlings  are.  Seedlings  make 
the  strongest  plants  and  the  best  furnished  specimen  ^ ; 
and  when  the  seeds  have  been  saved  from  the  best 
well  marked  varieties  the  probabilities  are  that  dis- 
tinct good  forms  will  be  obtained,  and  the  anticipa- 
tion of  their  flowering  adds  greatly  to  the  pleasure  to 
be  derived  from  watching  the  growth  of  healthy  good 
specimens.  Green  fly  does  not  spread  much  at  this 
season,  and  it  is  best  to  destroy  it  by  fumigating,  as 
no  plants  are  so  liable  to  its  attacks  as  these.  Jame^: 
Douglas. 


"pRUIT      l^EQIgTER. 


PLUM    COE'S   L.\TE    RED. 

At  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century  Mr.  Jervoise 
Coe,  a  market  gardener  at  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  crossed 
the  white  Magnum  Bonum  Plum  with  the  Green  Gage, 
and  this  cross  gave  us  the  delightful  dessert  Plum 
known  as  Coe's  Golden  Drop — which  planted  on  a 
north  wall  it  has  no  equal  ;  but  it  is  to  Coe's  Late 
Red  that  I  now  wish  to  call  attention.  I  am  sorry 
not  to  be  able  to  give  its  history,  so  can  only  say  that 
we  have  a  large  tree  of  it  here  on  the  north  wall,  and 
that  we  find  it  most  useful  as  a  very  late  kitchen  kind ; 
it  hardly  ever  misses  carrying  a  good  crop,  and 
this  season,  in  common  with  all  other  Plums,  the  crop 
was  simply  enormous  :  but  it  is  its  lateness  that  makes 
it  so  valuable,  for  yesterday  was  sent  in  to  the  dining- 
room  a  tart  made  from  this  Plum  in  fresh  and  good 
condition.  There  are  several  gallons  on  the  tree  still : 
these  have  suffered  more  or  less  from  frost,  but  had 
there  been  a  glass  coping  overhead,  and  "  Frigi 
Domo  "  been  down  in  front,  they  would  have  been 
good  another  week  or  two. 

I  am  aware  that  it  is  only  second-rate  in  quality, 
but  then  we  do  not  expect  such  flavour  late  in  the 
season  ;  why  I  mention  anything  about  it  at  all  is 
because  I  do  not  see  it  in  any  nurseryman's  catalogue, 
and  it  is  a  piiy  that  the  kind  should  be  lost  ;  beside, 
crossed  with  some  of  the  new  late  kinds,  we  miyhc 
get  something  still  better.  J.  Rust,  Bridge  Castle, 
Sussex,  Nov.  30.  [The  Wyedale  is  an  equally  late 
keeping  Plum,  remaining  good  for  several  weeks 
after  being  gathered.  It  also  does  well  as  a  standard. 
Ed.] 


Decemtier  4,   1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


717 


Plum   Kaiser  Wilhelm,    or   Dark   Blue 
Egg  Plum. 

This  is  a  worthless  vaiiety  of  Plum,  very  well  known 
in  Germany  under  its  latter  name.  The  fruit  is 
2^  inch  in  length  and  2  inches  in  breadth,  and  is  of 
a  regular  oval  shape  ;  the  skin  thick,  tough,  and 
somewhat  bitter,  but  detachable  from  the  flesh  ;  of  a 
black-blue  colour,  and  covered  with  a  light  blue 
bloom.  The  flesh  is  golden-yellow,  rayed,  juicy,  and 
clinging  to  the  stone.  In  favourable  years,  as  in  this 
one,  the  flavour  is  pleasant,  Deutsche  Garten  Zeitung, 


"pORE3TF{Y. 

¥— 

DECEMBER     PLANTING. 
Having   in    my   last    communication    under  this 
heading  treated  of  the  various  ^members  of  the  Pine 


Oak  had  to  be  sold  at  Is.  41/.  per  foot,  and  clean 
stiaight  Ash  at  Is.  dd.  Not  many  days  ago  I  bad 
occasion  to  visit  a  recently  formed  plantation  at 
nearly  1000  feet  altitude  on  the  Snowdon  range  of 
hills,  and  was  agreeably  surprised  to  find  that  all 
along  the  outskirts  of  the  wood  in  question,  and 
where  fully  exposed  to  our  hard-hitting  south-western 
blasts,  the  Sycamore  stands  boldly  out  with  its  best 
front  to  the  blast,  and  that  even  where  the  Scotch 
Fir  and  other  equally  hardy  subjects  are  forced  to  give 
in,  as  their  flattened  beads  and  semi-procumbent  habit 
of  growth  but  too  clearly  point  out.  As  an  orna- 
mental shade-giving  tree  it  is  quite  superfluous  for  me 
to  say  one  word  in  favour  of  the  Sycamore,  for  its 
good  qualities  have  been,  both  in  prose  and  verse, 
handed  down  from  the  times  of  our  great  grandfathers. 
For  hedgerow  purposes  the  Sycamore  has  few  equals, 
while  as  a  farmer's  tree  it  is  found  superior  to 
either  the  Ash  or  Elm,  Let  me  advise,  therefore, 
every  landed  proprietor  who  contemplates  planting 


ground  altitude  not  too  high,  the  Oak,  if  only  for 
estate  purposes,  should  be  planted  in  moderate  quan- 
tity, as  local  demand  will  always  assist  in  getting  rid 
of  surplus  Oak.  In  the  making  of  gates,  carts, 
waggons,  &c.,  Oak  timber  is  invaluable,  while  in 
forestry  for  posts  and  fencing  generally  it  is  much  in ,. 
request.  The  rearing  and  management  of  Oak  plan- 
tations, although  simple  enough,  is,  nevertheless, 
attended  with  '*  extras "  over  and  above  what  is 
usually  found  necessary  in  the  majority  of  hard  woods. 

The  Black  Walnut  (Juglans  nigra),  and  the 

Common  Walnut  (J.  regia) 
are  valuable  forest  trees,  but  receive  far  less  attention 
than  their  merits  demand.  Perhaps  this  may  be 
accounted  for  by  the  quality  of  soil  required  to  pro- 
duce good  Walnut  timber,  for  anything  apart  from  a 
good  vegetable  loam  is  considered  of  but  little 
use  in  the  rearing  of  this  valuable  timber  tree. 
The    fact    that    the    soil    and    clime    generally    of 


Fig.  138, -view  in  Messrs.  Paul's  garden  at  broxbourne.     (see  p.  711.) 


family  that  have  been  found  welt  suited  fot  our  soil 
and  clime,  I  now  purpose  noting  briefly  a  few  of  such 
hardwood  trees  as  can  be  confldently  recommended 
for  rather  extensive  use  in  the  formation  of  young 
plantations. 

Sycamore, 
Whether  looked  at  from  an  ornamental  or  commer- 
cial sense,  the  common  Sycamore  is,  perhaps,  the 
most  valuable  tree  at  present  cultivated  in  this 
country.  For  planting  in  exposed,  high-lying  situa- 
tions, or  within  the  influence  of  the  sea,  it  has  cer- 
tainly few  equals,  while  as  to  the  value  of  timber 
produced,  it  realises  at  present,  nearly  double  that  of 
any  other,  not  even  excepting  the  Oak  and  Ash. 
Even  in  these  depressed  times  when  the  market  is 
literally  glutted  with  almost  unsaleable  timber,  we 
have  no  diSiculty  in  getting  zs.  bd.  per  foot  for 
Sycamore  of  fairly  good  quality  and  large  siie,  while 
picked  trees  of  large  dimensions  realise  even  a  higher 
price  per  foot.  This  very  week  we  disposed  of  some 
Sycamore  at  the  above  price,  while  the  best  quality  of 


oQ  an  eittensive  scale  to  use  in  the  composition  of 
his  woods  a  fair  amount  of  Sycamore  trees  ;  while  for 
those  who  have  tracts  of  coast  or  mountain  land  to 
reclaim,  no  hard  wood  is  better  adapted  for,  or 
will  ultimately  bring  in  so  handsome  a  return,  as  the 
tree  in  question.  Good  sized  plants  with  plenty  of 
fibrous  roots  should  be  looked  for  and  planted  at 
once. 

Oak. 
"  Once  upon  a  time,"  and  that  but  barely  a  century 
ago,  the  Oak  was,  whether  as  regards  value  of  the 
timber  produced  or  for  ornamental  purposes,  king  of 
the  forest  ;  but,  alas  I  though  its  beauty  still  remains, 
its  value  in  a  commercial  sense  has  departed  with 
England's  "  wooden  walls."  For  the  best  quality  of 
Oak,  felled  in  autumn,  and  that  will  square  not  less 
than  12  inches,  it  is  now  difficult  to  get  161/.  per  foot  ; 
indeed  I  saw  a  consignment  of  large  trees,  the  timber 
being  of  fairly  good  quality,  offered  at  the  low  price  of 
\s.  per  foot  last  week,  and  it  could  not  be  sold  even  for 
that.     Where  the  soil  is  of  good  quality,  and  the 


Britain  is  well  suited  for  the  tree  in  question,  as  well 
as  the  circumstance  that  hundreds  of  pounds  are 
annually  spent  in  the  purchase  of  Walnut  timber  for  the 
Army  Department  of  this  country, .should  make  us  look 
a  little  to  our  own  interests,  and  plant  more  largely  than 
we  have  hitherto  done  so  important  and  valuable  a 
timber  tree. 

Information  from  some  of  our  seaport  towns  re- 
veals the  extraordinary  fact  that  good  Walnut  timber 
rarely  sells  at  a  lower  price  than  5^.  per  loot,  or 
double  that  of  any  other  limber  produced  in  this 
country.  The  price  of  young  Walnut  trees  is,  however, 
a  serious  drawback  to  the  extensive  culture  of  the  tree, 
for  when  bs.  per  dozen  is  paid  for  3  feet  high  stuff, 
the  owner  thinks  twice  before  purchasing  what  is 
sufficient  for  even  a  quarter  acre.  Thick  planting  in 
the  case  of  the  Walnut  should,  however,  be  avoided, 
for  if  the  individual  trees  are  placed  at  24  feet  apart, 
it  is  quite  near  enough,  the  intervening  spaces  being 
filled  up  with  any  other  cheap,  fast-growing  trees,  for 
removal  at  an  early  date.     By  acting  thus,  the  first 


7i8 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886. 


cost  of  the  plantation  is  usually  low  indeed.  A.  D. 
Webster,  Penrhyn  Castle, 

LiBOCEDRUS  DECURRENS, 
In  your  issue  of  November  20  Mr.  Webster  tells  us 
that  Libocedius  decurrens  or  Thuia  gigantea  is  the 
coming  timber  tree,  and  grows  3  or  4  feet  in  Itie  year. 
Can  he  be  adding  to  our  confu-,ion  by  giving  the 
name  of  Libocedrus  decurrens  to  that  tree  which  has 
been  known  by  the  names  of  Thuia  Lobbi,  T. 
Craigeana,  T.  gigantea,  T.  Menziesii  ?  The  tree 
which  is  now  l<nown  as  Libocedius  decurren=,  and 
once  was  l<mwn  ai  Thuia  gigantea,  is  surely  of  a  very 
c  ifferent  habit,  of  slow  close  growth,  and  of  a  rich  gret  n. 
I  can  endorse  everything  he  says  as  applicable  to  the 
tree,  which  is  more  generally  known  as  Thuia  Lobbi. 
It  is  a  pity  that  the  rules  of  nomenclature  do  not 
allow  this  tree  to  hand  down  t )  posterity  the  name 
of  one  of  our  greatest  collectors.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  endorse  what  he  says  as  to  the  value  of  the 
timber  when  grown  in  this  countiy  ?  If  it  can  com- 
pare in  this  respect  with  the  Lirch  its  other  good 
qurlities  ensure  for  it  a  great  future.  ]\'ilHam  Ellis. 
[Thua  gigantea,  the  Lobbi  of  gardens,  is  quite 
d  tT:reDt  from  the  Libocedrus.  The  limber  in  its 
native  country  is  highly  valued.] 

THE  Larch  Disease. 
The  essay  by  Mr.  William  Clark,  of  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Claik  Brothers,  nurserymen,  Cailis-le,  to 
which  the  1st  prize  of  the  English  Arboricullural 
Society  was  awarded,  has  been  published  in  the 
Transactions  of  that  Society.  Mr.  Clark  in  the  course 
of  his  paper  points  out  that  the  Larch  tree  sometimes 
developes  and  grows  with  equal  fulness  and  power  in 
soils  and  situations  of  almost  opposite  character,  but 
seems  to  prefer  alluvial  earths  or  deep  rich  gravelly 
lands.  Yet  it  is  singularly  sensitive  to  the  milign 
influences  of  certain  soils  and  subsoils,  and  particularly 
of  some  circumstances  of  situation  and  culture — a  (act 
which  has  not  been  generally  studied  by  planters. 
The  so-called  "Larch  disease"  is  generally  found 
on  undrained,  retentive,  stagnant  soils  of  bog  or  clay, 
till,  and  adhesive  loam  |  and  it  is  here,  Mr.  Clark 
points  out,  that  Larch  of  not  more  than  eighteen  or 
twenty-five  years  of  age  often  exhibit  symptoms  of 
decay,  and  the  trees  are  found  by  the  forester  un- 
sound, or  even  widely  rotten  at  the  core.  The  finest 
plantations  are  those  on  the  sides  of  mountains  where 
the  subsoil  is  of  a  dry  and  porous  nature.  The  oiigin 
and  the  cause  of  the  disease,  the  essayist  contends, 
is  attributable  to  the  varied  character  of  the  climate 
in  Great  Britain.  When  the  early  delicate  shoots  of 
the  Larch  are  exposed  to  .1  spring  frost  they  not  only 
cease  to  grow  for  a  time,  but  the  resin  and  tur- 
pentine escape,  and,  congealing  on  the  surface  of 
the  bark,  at  once  alTect  the  growth  of  the  tree  perma. 
nently.  The  eflect  of  this  is  that  the  insects, 
attracted  by  the  sweet  and  scented  liquid,  immediately 
feed  upon  it,  causing  the  matter  to  be  spread  more 
fully  over  the  thin  and  tender  baik,  The  action  of 
the  sun  beating  upon  it  then  congeals  the  exudation 
into  a  casing  as  hard  as  a  stone,  etiectually  cbsing  all 
the  pores.  Hence  the  excrescences  and  canker  ap- 
pearances all  over  the  tree,  causing  ultimately  an 
untimely  death.  The  character  and  position  of  the 
land  have  a  great  deal  to  do  with  this.  Dry  subsoil 
and  elevated  position  early  mature  the  wood,  and 
correspondingly  retard  the  growth  in  early  spring. 
The  early  ripening  of  the  wood  saves  the  tree  from 
autumn  frosts,  and  similarly  the  retarding  of  eaily 
growth,  owing  to  exposed  situation,  prevents  the 
damaging  effect  of  early  spring  frosts.  The  effect  of 
stagnant  soil  is  just  the  reverse,  because  the  wood 
ripens  badly  and  late  in  the  season,  and  so  is 
unfitted  to  withstand  any  degree  of  frosty  weather. 
Then  frost  acts  more  powerfully  when  moisture  exists 
in  excess  either  in  the  soil  or  the  wood.  Mr.  Clark 
disputes  the  correctness  of  the  theories  advanced,  that 
the  cause  of  the  disease  arises  from  acrid  subsoil, 
microscopic  fungi,  or  the  Larch-blight  bug,  the  fungi 
being  a  result  from  causes,  and  the  bug  an  after  cause. 
Cold  winds,  he  says,  are  only  a  minor  factor  in  the 
case,  and  bad  management  has  certainly  a  little  to  do 
with  the  present  position  of  the  Larch  plantations  of 
this  country.  Planters,  Mr.  Clark  advises,  should 
associate  the  Larch  with  some  other  protecting  tree, 
as  the  Scotch  Fir  and  the  Norway  Spruce,  as  their 
evergreen  and  bu,hy  character  ameliorate  the  climate 
very  much  around  them,  lie  recommends  thinning 
out  sparingly  at  first,  but  regularly,  which  would 
allow  the  maximum  of  light  and  air  to  reach  every 
tree,  and  so  ensure  the  ripening  of  the  wood  and  the 
healthy  condition  of  the  trees. 


|l"    \\ 


I  a  1(2 . 


MINTS  ON  MOVING  BEES. 
The  season  for  outdoor  work  in  the  apiary  is  at  an 
end,  except  indeed  we  want  to  move  our  bees,  but  I 
think  that  had  belter  not  be  done  just  yef.  It  is  far 
better  to  wait  till  December  at  the  very  least.  Mr, 
Root  of  Ohio  gives  a  very  vivid  description  of  how 
he  lost  a  strong  and  valuable  stock  of  bees  because 
he  moved  them  too  soon.  It  is  getting  cold  now, 
and  it  would  not  much  matter  if  ihat  continued.  But 
in  this  changeable  climate  we  are  never  safe  for  a 
single  day,  and  if  the  bees  are  moved  on  a  cold  day 
and  then  two  or  three  warm  days  come  they  would 
come  out  as  usual,  not  knowing  their  position  had 
been  altered,  and  never  find  their  way  home  again. 
This  would  so  much  reduce  a  stock  that  the  first  spell 
of  cold  weather  would  cause  the  remainder  to  die. 
But  though  nothing  can  be  done  of  much  account 
out-of-doors,  a  great  deal  can  be  done  for  our  bees 
indoors,  by  looking  well  to  our  appliances. 

Feeders. 
Of  course  no  feeders  are  now  on  the  hives,  so  we 
can  be  looking  to  them  to  see  if  any  alteration  is 
require-4  in  thero,  or  to  get  other  sorts.  There  is  a  very 
good  feeder  which  is  not  so  widely  known  as  it  ought 
to  be.  It  is  manufactured  and  sold  by  Mr.  Edward 
J.  Butt,  a  seedsman  of  Barnstaple,  who  also  invented 
it.  It  is  about  the  same  shape  and  size  as  the  round  tin 
feeders  soli  by  Messrs,  George  Neighbour  &  Son,  but 
has  this  advantage,  that,  being  made  of  white  crockery- 
ware,  it  can  be  made  as  clean  and  sweet  as  a  china 
teacup.  There  is  a  hole  in  the  bottom  of  the  feeder, 
and  a  pipe  is  fitted  in  this  hole.  The  bees  ascend  the 
pipe,  and  arc  prevented  from  slipping  backwards  into 
the  hive,  and  forwards  into  the  syrup,  because  the 
pipe  i?  fluted  inside  and  out.  A  round  cap  with  a 
glass  top  stands  on  the  floor  of  the  feeder,  and  there 
are  two  or  three  small  triangular  notches  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  cap,  too  small  for  a  bee  to  get  through. 
The  vessel  is  placed  in  position,  and  filled  with  syrup. 
On  the  principle  of  liquids  finding  their  own  level, 
the  syrup  can  never  be  higher  inside  the  cap  than  it 
is  outside,  so  there  can  be  co  fear  of  an  overflow,  and 
of  course  no  fear  of  drowning.  The  bees  can  be  seen 
feeding  through  the  glass,  and  as  their  standing-room 
is  limited,  they  are  not  liable  to  feed  too  quickly. 
Besides,  it  is  always  an  easy  matter  to  regulate  their 
food  by  not  putting  too  much  in  the  feeder,  as  bees 
must  be  treated  somewhat  in  the  same  way  as  babies. 
There  is  a  lid  with  a  knob  to  cover  all  up,  so  thit  no 
heat  is  wasted.  Everything  is  made  of  the  best  mate- 
rial except  the  piece  of  glass  I  have  called  attention 
to  the  feeder,  as  your  readers  will  find  it  worthy  of 
their  attention.    Walter  Ch-tly,  Peiosey. 


PLANTING  AND  PROTECTING. 
Proceed  with  the  planting  and  removal  of  all 
kinds  of  deciduous  shrubs  and  ornamental  trees  when 
the  weather  is  favourable,  but  defer  the  operation  if 
the  weather  be  frosty  or  wet.  Evergreens  may  also 
be  removed  when  it  can  be  done  with  a  large  ball  of 
earth  attached,  otherwise  wait  till  April.  Protection 
should  now  be  given  to  Hollyhocks.  If  the  situation 
be  damp  and  the  soil  heavy,  it  will  be  better  to  lift 
all  the  good  sorts  and  pot  them,  placing  them  under 
shelter  of  a  cold  frame  if  possible,  but  if  the  situation 
be  very  favourable  they  may  remain  in  the  ground, 
nevertheless  they  will  be  greatly  benefited  by  a  Utile 
protection  from  a  heap  of  dry  leaves  placed  around 
the  collar,  a  few  twigs  being  stuck  rjund  to  prevent 
the  leaves  blowing  about.  Lilies,  Watsonias,  Alstro- 
raerias,  &c.,  should  be  similarly  treated.  Some  hoops 
should  now  be  placed  over  beds  of  bulbs  in  readiness 
for  a  mat  or  other  material,  in  case  of  heavy  rains. 
Where  the  subsoil  is  gravelly,  and  the  material  in 
which  bulbs  are  planted  is  light,  any  rain  which  falls 
on  the  beds  will  pass  away  speedily,  and  no  protec- 
tion will  be  necessary, 


Alpine  and  Hardy  Plants. 

Constant  attention  will  now  be  necessary  where 
alpine  plants  are  grown  in  pots  to  see  that  none  of 
ihem  suffer  from  too  much  moisture  or  from  decay  of 
the  foliage.  On  the  first  symptoms  the  plants  should 
be  attended  to,  or  else  loss  will  speedily  follow.  Look 
over  Pinks  and  Carnations  under  glass  to  see  they 
do  not  become  dry  at  the  root,  for  if  once  they 
get  thoroughly  dried  up  they  will  not  do  any 
good.  Remove  any  withered  foliage,  so  that  damp 
m^y  cause  no  decay,  should  it  be  necessary  to  shut 
up  the  structures  close  for  any  length  of  time. 
Auriculas  require  special  care  at  this  season.  It  shoul  1 
be  borne  in  mind  that  theyare  perfectly  hardy,  and  that 
the  hardest  frost  will  not  kill  thero,  but  a  close  moist 
atmosphere  in  their  dormant  state  will  speedily  do 
so.  See  that  the  plants  are  never  wet,  nor  over-dry  ; 
frequently  stir  the  surface  of  the  pots  to  admit  air  to 
the  roots.  Scrub  the  pots  upon  the  first  appearance 
of  moss  on  the  surface  ;  this  had  belter  be  done  with 
a  cloth  and  dry  sand,  in  preference  to  using  water  at 
this  season. 

Roses. 

It  is  a  too  common  practice,  when  Roses  are  re- 
ceived from  the  grower,  to  lay  them  in  by  the  heel,  until 
iuch  time  as  they  can  be  planted.  They  usually  under 
this  method  sustain  much  injury,  as  they  commence 
to  push  out  fresh  roots  almost  at  once,  the  majority 
of  which  are  destroyed  in  the  operation  of  final  plant- 
ing. The  Rose  beds  should  be  prepared  before  the 
order  is  despatched,  and  immediately  the  plants  arrive, 
if  the  weather  be  open,  they  should  be  placed  in  the 
quarters  they  are  intended  to  occupy.  Stike  and  tie 
up  standards  as  they  are  placed  in  the  ground.  Any 
delicate  sorts  will  receive  great  benefii  from  a  haj-band. 
wrapped  round  the  stem,  where  the  union  with  the 
stock  takes  place.  W,  M.  Baiiiie,  Luton  Hoo 
Gafdens. 


Jhe  ^rchid   J4ougE3. 

C  A  T  T  L  E  Y  A  S. 

Plants  of  Cattleya  Warneri  now  starting  to  grow 
should  be  attended  to  if  potting  or  top-dressing  be 
necessary,  and  being  a  winter  grower,  like  Lselia  pur- 
purata,  it  should  have  the  warmest  place  in  the 
Cattleya-house  :  the  centre  stage  is  good  for  both.  The 
autumn-flowering  Cattleya  labiata  should  be  examined 
after  the  bloom  is  over.  See  that  the  stems  from  which 
the  flowers  are  cut  dry  up  properly,  or  sometimes 
the  moisture  will  cause  the  leaf  to  rot.  If  this 
should  happen,  the  decayed  part  must  be  cut  clean 
away  before  decay  spreads  downwards  into  the 
rhizome,  as  this  course  often  proves  fatal  to  the  plants. 
It  is  not  always  safe  to  pinch  the  buds  from 
weak  Cattleyas  with  the  idea  of  strengthening 
the  plants  ;  first  let  the  flowers  open,  as  by  so  doing 
moisture  is  taken  away  from  the  plant?.  Our  practice 
before  cutting  Lrelias  or  Cattleyas  is  to  open  the 
sheath,  and  tear  it  clean  out  ;  then  cut  the  flower- 
stalk  close  to  the  leaf,  this  prevents  water  from 
lodging  in  the  sheath.  If  there  is  one  side  of  the 
Cattleya-house  that  catches  more  sunshine  than  the 
other,  it  will  improve  the  flowers  of  Cattleya  Triance 
and  C.  Percivaliana  as  they  open,  if  placed  on  this 
side.  If  well-developed  flowers  are  expected  in  this 
house,  care  should  be  taken  not  to  starve  the  plants 
by  keeping  the  atmosphere  too  dry.  When  it  has 
been  necessary  to  use  much  fire-heat  during  the  night, 
the  floors  should  be  well  damped  in  the  morning,  at 
the  same  time  opening  the  bottom  ventilators  a  little 
as  soon  as  the  temperature  arises. 

We  keep  the  evaporating-troughs  filled  in  this  house 
summer  and  winter,  and  these  are  what  are  termed 
trough-pipes,  which  give  off  a  great  deal  more  vapour 
than  cast-iron  portable  troughs  that  lay  on  the 
pipes.  The  latter  I  consider  will  do  little  harm  in  any 
Oichid-house.  In  houses  that  are  short  of  hot-water 
pipes  it  would  be  best  perhaps  not  to  fill  the  troughs  ia 
winter,  it  being  necessary  to  heat  the  pipes  more  for 
the  purpose  of  keeping  up  a  given  temperature.  The 
water  in  the  troughs  would  in  such  case  evaporate  too 
fast,  and  cause  moisture  to  condense  on  the  foliage. 
Here,  the  plants  on  the  side  stages  stand  on  inverted 
pols  placed  in  saucers  filled  with  water,  or  stands  made 
specially.  In  houses  which  have  no  tanks  under  the 
pipes,  the  dry  places  should  have  a  thorough  drench- 
ing with  water  occasionally  during  the  winter.  This 
should  be  done  in  the  early  morning  of  bright  days. 

Where  Dendrobium  flowers  arc  wanted  early  for 


December  4,  i886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


719 


cuttiog,  D.  nobile,  D.  Wardianum,  and  D.  crassinode 
might  be  selected,  many  of  which  species  will  now  be 
showing  their  flo*er-bud?.  It  is  not  always  best  to 
lake  them  from  a  cnol-house  and  place  them  in  the 
warmest,  as  some  of  the  buds  might  tuni  yellow  and 
drop  ofiT ;  but  it  is  better  to  place  them  for  a  week  in 
any  intermediate  temperature,  aUer  which  place  them 
in  the  lightest  part  of  the  East  Indian-hou?e.  I 
think  the  Dendrobiums,  mentioned  flower  best  if  kept 
in  a  rather  dry  hou<5e  with  the  temperature  from  55'' 
to  60°,  until  about  February,  when  they  usually  will 
make  a  fine  display.  This  gives  time  for  more  of  the 
back  nodes  to  develope  flowers.  < )  Jontoglossum 
Roczlii  grown  in  the  East  Indian  house  are  now  best 
placed  in  a  lower  temperature  to  flower,  as  the 
flowers  open  there  much  larger  ;  a  warm  moist 
corner  of  the  Catlleya  ■  house  will  suit  them. 
Cypripediums  in  the  warmest  house  that  have  filled 
their  pots  wiih  roots  and  are  growing  freely  can  be 
shifted  on  into  larger  pots  without  disturbing  the 
roots  ;  give  them  less  water  for  a  time.  Any  Orchids 
that  are  suspended  very  near  ihe  roof  glass  should 
be  lowered,  or  they  might  get  injured  during  snow- 
storms or  severe  frosts.  C.  ]Voolford^  D(nsmsidc^ 
Leather  head. 


pJLAjNTg  AND  THEIR  j^^IuLTUF^E. 


THE    FORCING    HOUSE. 

In  order  to  keep  up  a  sufficient  supply  of  flj^ering 
p'ants  utilise  every  available  space  in  this  department, 
sehcting  the  earlie'it  variety  of  any  plant,  and  tho^e 
with  the  best  ripened  wood.  Indian  Azileas,  Andro- 
meda tloribunda,  Kilmia  lalifolia,  S  jlomon's  Sial, 
Dielytra  spectabilis.  Hydrangea  paniculata,  Slaphylea 
colchica,  Deuizia  gracilis,  Lily  of  the  Valley  (crowns), 
Roman  Hyacinths,  Spir.-ei,  and  Tazeita  Narcissus 
can  be  put  into  heat.  If  blue  flowers  are  in  request, 
Chionodoxa  Lucili?e,  C.  sardensis,  and  Scilla  sibirica, 
with  a  good  supply  of  Violets,  will  be  much  liked. 
The  first  potted  large  named  kinds  of  Hyacinths 
should  be  examined.  If  the  pots  are  well  filled  with 
roots,  and  have  pushed  a  little  top-growth  a  few 
may  now  be  introduced  into  heat,  but  they  should 
be  taken  out  of  the  ashes  and  a  small  pot  or 
some  moss  placed  over  each  crown  for  a  few  days 
previously,  to  prevent  injury  from  the  sudden  traTsi- 
lion  from  darkness  to  light.  From  ihis  date  onward, 
where  space  is  at  command,  the  Mushroom  house  is 
one  of  the  best  places  in  which  to  bring  forward  some 
kinds  of  deciduous,  or  herbaceous  plants.  If  a  bed  of 
firmeniing  matenal  be  made  up  and  the  pots  plunged 
in  it,  this  helps  root-action.  Lilacs  can  now  be 
introduced  freely  into  this  place,  selecting  those  that 
have  been  forced  the  year  before  and  have  good 
prominent  buds,  as  when  once  forced  they  acquire 
the  habit  of  flowering  early.  I  force  the  plants  in  a 
pit  with  a  tiled  and  cemented  roof  and  having  a  flow 
and  return  pipe,  with  a  bed  of  iermenling  maleriil. 
In  this  place  there  is  no  difliculty  in  keeping  up  a 
supply  during  twelve  months  in  the  year,  A  few  of 
the  eaily  Iris,  which  are  always  charming,  may  be 
started. 

Fernery. 
This  should  now  be  kept  at  a  temperature  sufTi- 
cienlly  low  to  rest  the  plants,  at  the  same  time  it 
must  not  be  so  low,  or  so  dry,  as  to  cause  the  occu- 
pants to  get  into  an  unhealthy  state.  In  moist 
ferneries  as  a  rjle,  about  this  time  there  are  targe 
quantities  of  young  seedlings  self-sown  from  plants 
standing  about  ;  these  should  be  potted  up  in  a  mixture 
of  three  parts  of  tine  peat,  one  of  sandstone,  and  a 
sprinkling  of  sand,  using  small  pots.  Where  decora- 
tive Ferns  are  grown  in  pits,  and  the  floor  is  moist 
(as  it  should  always  be),  of  such  varieties  as  Adiantum 
gracillimum,  A.  cuneatum.  and  A.  concinnum,  &c., 
there  is  no  need  to  sow  Fern  spore?,  there  always 
being  enough  and  to  spare  found  in  such  places  ; 
but  if  any  sort  is  scarce,  spores  should  be  sown  in 
pans,  using  a  mixture  as  for  potting,  pressing,  and 
watering  before  sowing,  otherwise  the  seed  gets 
washed  out,  or  too  deep.  The  spores  should  always 
be  gathered  as  soon  as  there  is  any  sign  of  being 
liberated  from  their  capsules,  and  they  soon  drop, 
E.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill. 


]PF^UITg     ^NDEPx     <^LA33. 

P  t  N  E  S. 
Plants  of  the  Smooth-leaved  Cayenne,  Charlotte 
Rothschild,  and  Black  Jamaica,  which  are  swelling 
their  fruits,  should  have  a  minimum  temperature  of 
70°,  running  it  up  15°  or  20^  with  sun-heat  at  closing 
time,  about  i  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  damping 
slightly  at  the  same  time  the  walls,  pathway,  and 
plunging  material,  with  warm  water,  care  being  taken 


not  to  let  any  water  into  Ihe  "crowns  "  in  doing  so, 
as  that  would  cause  them  to  become  unduly  large. 
Give  sufficient  tepid  liquid  manure  at  the  roots  when 
necessary,  to  thoroughly  moisten  the  whole  ball  of 
earth.  Keep  the  evaporating  troughs  on  the  hot- 
water  pipes  filled  with  guam-water,  and  in  order  to 
keep  the  fiuils  swelling  steadily  until  the  ripening  stage 
is  attained  a  bottom  heat  from  85°  to  95'  should  be 
maintained,  and  where  there  is  any  difficulty  experi- 
enced in  keeping  up  that  degree  of  heat  it  will  be 
advisable— as  indeed  it  will,  should  the  necessity  for 
doing  so,  not  arise — to  cover  the  same  with  mats  or 
any  other  protecting  material  that  may  commend 
itself  for  that  purpose,  as  by  so  doing  a  more  genial 
heat  is  secured. 

Succession  Plants. 
Plants  in  every  stage  of  growth  should,  except 
those  of  the  Smooth  leaved  Cayenne,  which  at  all 
times  require  more  moisture  at  the  roots  than  other 
varieties  be  still  kept  on  the  dry  side  at  the  roots. 
I  do  not,  however,  mean  by  this  thit  the  plants  of 
Cayenne  are  to  be  kept  very  moist  at  the  roots,  but 
that  they  should  be  kept  only  moderately  moist ;  and 
aim  at  a  night  temperature  of  from  60'— 55°,  accord- 
ing to  the  weather,  5°  higher  by  day  with  fire-heat, 
admitting  a  little  fresh  air  when  the  thermometer 
reaches  63',  and  afterwards  regulating  the  ventilators 
according  to  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  temperature  out- 
side, giving  abundance  of  air  alter  the  thermometer 
has  registered  75'  on  bright  diys,  so  as  to  maintain 
the  plants  in  a  good  sturdy  condition.  In  many 
places  the  old-fashioned  pigeon-holed  Pinepits  are  still 
in  use,  and  in  which  case  the  bottom-heat,  which  for 
the  plant  under  notice  should  not  be  much  under 
80°.  will  be  supplied  by  a  bed  of  Oak  and  Chestnut 
leaves.  The  heat  must  be  maintained  both  at  top 
and  bottom  by  adding  fresh  materials  to  the 
linings,  and  thus  in  the  absence  of  severe  frost  no 
recourse  need  be  had  to  the  hot-water  apparatus. 
IT.   W.  Ward,  Longford  CaslU. 


J4ARDY    "pRUIT    "(^ARDE]^. 


If  it  had  not  been  for  the  unusual  heavy  rainfall 
experienced  during  last  month,  the  almost  total 
absence  of  frost  would  have  rendered  it  a  splendid 
planting  month.  Nevertheless  with  the  aid  of  a  little  dry 
soil  placed  just  about  the  roots  we  have  been  enabled 
to  p^ant  many  small  trees,  principally  maidens  and 
cordons.  Should  the  weather  remain  mild,  as  at 
present,  planting  may  well  be  continued  a  little  later 
than  is  advisable  during  seasons  when  frost  comes 
upon  us  at  earlier  dates,  and  the  temperature  of  the 
soil  so  rapidly  descends,  and  its  texture  makes  it 
unfit  to  be  pressed  around  the  roots.  As  fast  as  the 
nailing  and  pruning  of  a  row  of  wall  trees  are  accom- 
plished, the  border  lying  immediately  over  the  roots 
should  be  forked  up  to  the  depth  of  3  or  4  inches,  and 
the  soil  left  in  a  rough  slate,  as  the  roots  of  estab- 
lished trees  never  get  too  much  moisture  when 
growing  in  such  situations  ;  in  fact,  the  soil  is 
frequently  found  to  be  dry  there,  even  after  long 
intervals  of  rainy  weather.  In  many  instances  this  is 
owing  to  the  continual  treading  occasioned  by  attend- 
ing to  the  trees  themselves  and  when  cultivating  for, 
and  cutting  vegetable  crops.  It  is  a  capital  plan  to 
have  a  line  of  rough,  stout  boards  to  put  down  along 
the  alleys,  on  which  to  walk  at  all  seasons. 
Lichens  on  Trees. 

Any  established  trees  on  walls,  where  the  old  leading 
branches  are  inclined  to  get  green  and  covered  with 
moss,  lichens,  or  other  bark-injuring  parasites,  should 
not  be  allowed  to  pass  over  another  season  without 
being  dressed.  Various  solutions  from  time  to  time 
have  been  recommended  for  the  destruction  of  these, 
but  as  yet  we  have  lound  nothing  better  than  a  mixture 
made  as  follows, applied  in  the  form  ofan  adhesive  paint 
The  foundation  of  the  paint  should  be  stitf  clay,  add 
to  this  soot,  lime,  and  sulphur,  mixing  the  whole  well 
together  until  it  is  just  of  the  right  thickness  to  work 
easily  on  the  branches.  A  mixture  of  this  kind  will 
not  only  destroy  it  at  once,  but  prevent  its  inflic- 
tion again  for  several  years,  and  when  put  on  with  a 
brush,  it  can  be  kept  off  the  young  wood— a  difficulty 
not  easily  overcome  when  applying  a  solution  with 
the  syringe  of  a  garden  engine.  For  large  bush- 
shaped  or  standard  trees,  with  lichens  on  iheir 
branches,  we  use  finely  sifted  slaked  lime  ;  a  dressing 
every  two  or  three  years  will  keep  them  clean.     It 


should  be  dusted  on  when  the  branches  are  damp,  or 
the  trees  can  be  syringed  before  applying  it.  Trees 
growing  in  low  lying  places,  naturally  damp,  are  cer- 
tain, sooner  or  later,  to  get  covered  with  lichens,  if 
somepreventative  be  not  applied,  and  the  bearing  wood 
gradually  becomes  smaller  as  the  pest  gets  established 
on  the  brancheF.  It  is  caused  more  by  a  damp 
atmosphere  and  where  heavy  fogs  are  prevalent  at 
nights,  thin  by  any  ill  effects  arising  frim  a 
bad  condition  at  the  roots.  It  is  undoubtedly 
a  troublesome  evil,  and  in  districts  where  it 
grows  more  or  leis  on  all  forest  trees  the 
position  selected  for  planting  fruiting  subjects  should 
be  as  h'gh  as  possible,  providing  other  circumstances 
are  favourable.  Fig  trees  should  now  have  protec- 
tion placed  round  the  branches  in  the  shape  of  mats 
or  straw  bands,  and  in  cold  districts,  where  very 
severe  frosts  occur.  Apricot  trees  might  be  similarly 
protected  with  great  advantage  during  bard  weather, 
but  it  is  essential  that  it  should  be  removed  as  soon 
as  milder  weather  sets  in. 

The  Fruit-Room. 
The  fruit  in  the  fruit-room  should  receive  atten- 
tion once  a  week  in  the  way  of  removing  decayed 
fruit.  Many  of  the  varieties  are  ripening  up  earlier 
than  usual  this  season,  and  notes  should  be  made  of 
their  keeping  qualities,  which  will  be  most  valuable 
when  making  further  plantings.  For  the  sake  of 
variety  a  limited  number  coming  into  use  at  each 
season  ought  to  be  grown,  as  if  one  variety  fails  the 
other  might  carry  a  crop,  and  so  no  break  in  the 
continual  supply  would  occur.  G.  H.  Richards, 
Somcrley,  Ringivood. 


W  I  N  l-  E  R  SPINACH. 
Owing  to  the  mildness  of  the  season,  this  crop  has 
in  a  great  many  instances  advanced  too  rapidly,  and 
shows  signs  of  running  to  seed  ;  where  this  is  found 
to  be  the  case,  the  plants  should  be  looked  over,  and 
the  centres  of  all  those  so  showing  pinched  out, 
also  removing  at  the  same  lime  all  decayed  withered 
leaves  and  weeds, 

VouNG  Caultflower  and  Cabbage. 
The  same  remark  also  applies  to  these  that  were 
pricked  out  into  frames,  <S;c.,  to  stand  the  winter  ;  the 
warm,  mild  weather  having  encouraged  them  to  grow 
so  rapidly  and  luxuriantly,  there  is  the  probability  of 
their  buttoning  prematurely  and  so  becoming  useless 
for  the  purpose  foe  which  they  were  intended.  To  guard 
against  disappointment  and  failure,  it  would  be 
advisable  to  make  pnvision,  by  potting  up  plants  from 
the  latest  sowings  of  Eirly  London  Cauliflower  into 
3-inch  pots,  placing  them  in  a  cold  close  frame  until 
rooted,  after  which  plenty  of  air  should  be  given  to 
render  them  robust  and  hardy.  Cabbage  plants  from 
the  seed  beds  also,  should  be  pricked  out  on  to  others, 
thereby  giving  them  a  beneficial  check,  and  prevent- 
ing them  from  becoming  drawn  and  weakly.  Those 
planted  out  on  permanent  quarters  should  be  hoed 
and  earthed-up  as  they  advance,  and  all  yellow 
withered  leaves  removed,  making  good  any  failures. 

Lettuce  and  E*jdive 
in  frames  will  require  constant  attention,  removing 
any  decayed  leaves,  and  occasionally  stirring  the 
surface  of  the  soil  between  the  plants,  giving  all  the 
air  possible.  Cos  Lettuce  should  have  a  strip  of 
matting  passed  round  them  a  week  or  ten  days 
before  they  are  required  for  use.  Endive,  to  be 
thoroughly  white,  tender,  and  free  from  bitterness, 
should  be  allowed  quite  three  weeks  for  bleaching, 
and  before  being  covered  or  tied  up  must  be  as  dry 
as  possible,  otherwise  they  are  liable  to  rot  during 
the  process.  Frames  being  cleared  can  be  refilled 
with  plants  from  outside,  or  the  plants  be  thinned 
out  and  transplanted  from  store  frames. 

Radishes,  Wood's  Early  Frame, 
These  can  be  sown  on  a  light  hotbed  in  from  6  to 
8  inches  of  fine  light  soil,  the  seeds  lightly  covered, 
and  little  if  any  air  admitted  until  the  seeds  germina-te. 

Chicory. 
Roots  sufficient  to  meet  the  demands  should  be 
placed  in  the  Mushroom-house,  selecting  the  darkest 
corner.    J.  Austen^  Witley  Cottri^ 


720 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[t)ECEMBtR   4,    l8 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Week. 


TUESDAY, 
Dec.  7, 


Dec.  9. 


'■{' 


SHOWS,    &o. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  :  Meet- 
ings of  the  Scientific,  Fruit  and 
Floral     Committees,     at    South 
Kensington. 
Ml  etiig  of  the  National  Chrysan- 
Ihenum    Society    at    the   Royal 
Aqiarium,  Westminster. 
XHTTR<;nAV         f  Nauunal    Rose    Society:    Annual 
inuKSUAV,       ^       Meeting  at  I,   Henrietta  Street, 
L      Covent  Garden,  W.C,  at  3  p.m. 

SALES. 

r  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens' 
I       Rooms. 

i  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and  5000  Lilium 
I  auratum,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
(^       Rooms. 

f  Sale  of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs, 
Border  Plants,  Dutch  Bulbs,  &c., 
at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  3000  Lilium  auratum.  Plants, 
Roses,    &c.,     at     Protheroe    & 
Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale    of     Imported    Orchids,    and 
10.000  Lilium  auratum,  at   Ste- 
vens' Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms, 
f  Sale    of   a    large    Importation    of 
^       Cattleya    Lawrenceana,   at   Pro- 
l^      theroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
'  Sale  of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs, 
Border  Plants,  Dutch  Bulbs,  &c., 
at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe 
&  Morris'  Rooms. 


THURSDAY, 
Dec.  9. 


_ThcPotato_  The  collection  in  the  building 
_Tc;c=Menary_  euphemistically  called  St.  Ste- 
phen's Hall,  is  decidedly  interest- 
ing. As  to  the  exhibition  of  the  noble  tubers 
that  does  not  present  much  novelty  or  any 
special  interest.  It  is  spoken  of  in  another 
column,  so  that  here  we  need  do  no  more  than 
make  passing  reference  to  it.  The  chief  interest 
undoubtedly  lies  in  the  extensive  and  varied 
collection  of  books,  maps,  and  engravings  re- 
lating to  the  naval  heroes  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's time,  such  as  the  Raleighs,  Drakes, 
Hawkins,  in  the  course  of  whose  wanderings, 
and  perhaps  from  the  pillage  of  Spanish  ships, 
the  "  Papas  Peruanorum"  was  introduced  into 
Europe.  Side  by  side  with  these  are  the  works 
of  Clusius,  Gerard,  Besler,  and  other  bota- 
nists of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  ; 
while  Mr.  BAKER'S  coloured  drawings  aptly 
illustrate  the  botany  of  the  Potato  in  this 
present  year  of  grace,  and  Mr.  Smith's  dia- 
grams illustrate  the  diseases  to  which  it  is  heir. 
The  history  of  the  introduction  of  the  Potato, 
it  will  be  remembered,  was  discussed  at  great 
length  in  our  columns  in  the  spring  by  Mr.  W. 
S.  Mitchell. 

Possibly,  one  result  of  the  conference  may  be 
to  clear  up  some  of  the  points  still  left  doubtful, 
and  almost  certainly  another  result  will  be  to 
add  to  our  existing  knowledge  on  the  subject. 
Mr.  Clements  Markham,  for  instance,  shows 
some  books  and  reprints  of  manuscripts  not 
known  to  botanists,  still  less  to  Potato  cultiva- 
tors, and  which  are  of  great  interest  as  showing 
how  extended  was  the  cultivation  of  the  Potato 
by  the  native  Peruvians  and  Chilians  anterior 
to  the  Spanish  conquest— how  long  anterior  it 
is  impossible  to  say,  but  it  must  have  been  for 
many  centuries.  One  of  these  books,  by  Gar- 
CILASSO,  contains  an  account  of  Potato  culti- 
vation by  the  Incas,  and  another  includes  a 
vocabulary  of  names  in  the  now  extinct  Chibcha 
language.  The  Spanish  priests  and  others  col- 
lected vocabularies  of  native  words,  some  of 
which  have  been  reprinted  in  our  own  times. 
One  such  work— the  Gramatica,  Vocabulario 
,  ,  .  .  de  la  lingua  Chibcha,  por  Don  E. 
Urichoecha — contains  nine  or  ten  names 
applied  to  different  varieties  of  Potatos,  such 
as  Papa  turma  de  tierra,  amarilla,  ancha, 
arenosa,  blanca,  grande,  larga,  menudilla, 
negra,  and  negra  por  dentro    (black  inside). 


These  names  prove  that  there  were  varieties 
then  as  now,  differing  in  flavour,  size,  colour, 
and  in  the  character  of  the  soil  in  which  they 
grew.  The  Chibcha  language  was  spoken 
around  Bogota. 

Another  book  (referred  to  but  not  exhibited) 
is  a  dictionary  of  the  Aymara  language  in 
Southern  Peru,  compiled  by  Bertonio.  In 
this  work  we  are  told  that  no  fewer  than  eleven 
varieties  are  mentioned.  These  facts  are  of  great 
interest  intrinsically,  and  they  serve  to  ex- 
plain the  difficulty  experienced  in  ascertaining 
beyond  dispute  what  was  the  real  starting  point 
of  the  Potato  as  we  now  know  it.  Some 
interesting  relics  of  Raleigh  are  shown,  to- 
gether with  photographs  of  his  house  at 
Youghal,  Cork,  now  the  residence  of  Sir  John 
Pope  Hennessy.  "My  Oriel"  as  Raleigh 
mentions  in  his  letters  to  Queen  Bess,  is  still  in 
existence,  and  the  identical  spot  is  photographi- 
cally represented  where  tradition  alleges  that 
Raleigh  grew  his  first  crop.  Be  that  as  it 
may,  it  is  interesting  to  see  Potatos  grown  from 
the  same  garden  in  this  present  year  of  grace, 
with  a  spray  of  the  Yew  under  which  he  may 
have  sat,  and  to  note  the  primitive  looking  tools 
still  in  use  by  the  Irish  peasants — tools  which, 
in  form,  carry  us  back  to  the  Bronze  Age. 

The  question  as  to  the  exact  species,  variety, 
or  form  experimented  upon  by  Messrs.  SUTTON 
at  Reading,  will  no  doubt  come  under  con- 
sideration. The  substance  of  Messrs.  Sutton's 
statement  has  been  given  in  a  previous  issue, 
and  in  support  of  their  allegation  that  a  mistake 
has  occurred  they  adduce  Lord  Cathcart's 
evidence,  which  is  before  us  as  we  write, 
and.  what  is  more  to  the  point,  they  rely  on 
their  own  personal  observations  at  Kew,  and 
on  the  remarkable  experiments  with  cuttings 
as  shown  recently  by  them  to  a  party  of  experts. 
That  a  mistake  has  occurred  somewhere,  it 
seems  impossible  to  doubt,  but  it  is  not  clear 
exactly  where  it  occurred.  Messrs.  Sutton's 
evidence  seems  to  us  quite  conclusive  on  this 
point.  Mr.  Baker,  on  his  part,  energetically 
protests  against  the  notion  that  any  mistake 
was  made  by  him  ;  so  the  matter  may  well  be 
allowed  to  rest. 

Another  season,  Messrs.  Sutton  can  repeat 
their  experiments  with  true  Maglia,  free  from  any 
possible  doubt.  The  interests  of  individuals  or 
establishments  are,  after  all,  only  incidentally 
involved.  It  is  the  interests  of  science  that  are 
paramount,  and  through  them  those  of  prac- 
tical utility.  The  reputation  of  Mr.  Baker  as 
a  botanist  is  beyond  serious  criticism,  though 
he,  as  a  man  of  science,  would  be  one  of  the 
very  last  to  claim  anything  like  infallibility,  and 
Messrs.  Sutton  can  perfectly  well  defend  their 
own  well  earned  reputation. 


Euphorbia  orandidkns.— The  Succulent- 
house  at  Kew  serves  to  give  some  idea  of  the  appearance 
o(  the  giant  Euphorbias,  Cacti,  and  Agaves,  but  ex- 
cellent and  interesting  beyond  measure  as  is  that 
collection,  when  the  circumstances  of  the  case  are 
considered,  it  is  clear  that  it  must  be  only  suggestive. 
What  house  could  contain  such  a  specimen  as  that  we 
now  figure  (fig.  139),  from  the  estate  of  Mr.  Handle, 
of  Sydenham,  Durban,  Natal,  where  the  plant  is 
growing  under  the  care  of  the  gardener,  Mr.  Clapham  ? 
The  figures  of  the  Caffirs  in  the  foreground  convey 
some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  this  Spurge — an  im- 
pression that  will  be  intensified  by  the  inspection  of 
the  natives  in  the  branches.  The  spread  of  the 
branches,  indeed,  as  we  learn  from  Mr.  Adlam,  is  no 
less  than  35  yards,  and  the  girth  of  the  tree  about 
12  feet. 

Horticultural  and  Agricultural  Ex- 
hibition AT  Trondheim,  1887.  —  The  eighth 
general  exhibition  of  the  productions  mainly  of 
Sweden,  Norway,  Denmark,  and  Finland,  will  take 
place  on  July  4,  and  last  till  the  loth  of  the  same 
month.  Delegates  from  foreign  countries  requiring 
lodgings  must  state  their  requirements  to  the  "  Land- 
brugsmedete  Indkvartetingskontor,"  in  Trondheim, 
Norway.  The  programme  is  very  comprehensive, 
and  the  show  should  be  well  deserving  of  a  visit. 

Frau  Therese  Koch.— We  regret  to  hear 

ol  the  decease,  after  long  suffering,  of  the  widow  of 


the  laie  Professor  Karl  Koch,  of  Berlin.  Frau 
Therese  Karl  Koch  died  at  Berlin  on  Nov.  26, 
in  her  sixty-ninth  year. 

Edward   Spary. — A  suggestion  has  been 

made  to  us  that  an  attempt  should  be  made  to 
alleviate  the  distress  of  Edward  Spary,  of  Brighton. 
He  has  fallen  into  misfortune,  but  as  the  boy  who, 
as  we  are  informed,  was  the  first  stoker  of  a  horticul- 
tural boiler,  he  deserves  practical  sympathy  from  those 
who  have  profited  by  heating  by  hot  water.  It  is 
related  of  him  that  he  saw  a  shoulder  of  mutton 
cooked  for  a  wager  in  an  ordinary  stable  pail  at  a 
roadside  inn  near  Bath,  and  from  observation  of  the 
bubbles  rising  from  the  bottom  of  the  pail  to  the 
top,  the  idea  was  suggested  to  Sir  A.  Brady  that 
hot  water  could  be  made  to  circulate  in  pipes,  and 
Spary  was,  as  we  have  said,  the  stoker.  We  tell  the 
story  as  it  is  told  to  us,  and  need  not  enter  into  dis- 
cussion on  the  matter,  the  practical  point  being,  who 
will  help  Spary  ?  We  have  a  promise  of  a  small 
subscription,  and  if  others  come  forward  we  will  do 
our  best  to  help  the  matter  on. 

Certificated  Potatos  "  King  of  Rus- 
sets" and  "  Freedom." — We  are  informed  by  Mr. 
Lye  that  he  has  disposed  of  the  entire  stock  of 
these  two  high-classed  Potatos  to  Messrs.  James 
Carter  &  Co.,  of  237,  238,  High  Holbotn,  W.C, 
who  will,  in  due  course,  distribute  them. 

Live  Plants  for  the   Continent,  and 

the  Phylloxera  Regulations. — We  are  pleased 
to  be  enabled  to  publish  the  following  letter  on  this 
important  subject,  from  Messrs.  Pitt  &  Scott, 
Foreign  Carriers,  23,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C.  :-:- 
"  Your  readers  who  may  be  forwarding  live  plants  with 
roots  to  the  Continent  should,  before  the  same  are 
packed,  take  care  to  first  comply  with  the  regulations 
imposed  by  the  respective  foreign  Governments, 
which  require  the  sender  to  make  a  declaration  before 
a  magistrate,  to  the  effect  that  the  plants  in  question 
are  perfectly  free  from  Phylloxera.  The  magistrate's 
signature  requires  afterwards  to  be  verified  by  the 
nearest  Consul,  or  Consular  Agent  of  the  country  to 
which  the  plants  are  going.  We  will  supply  the 
necessary  forms  and  instructions  free  on  application. 
We  have  had  many  instances  oi  delay  and  disappcint- 
ment,  through  persons  sending  plants  off  to  us,  with- 
out first  complying  with  these  regulations.  These 
declarations  are  required  for  France,  Belgium,  Hol- 
land, Switzerland,  and  Italy.  Live  plants  are  pro- 
hibited from  importation  into  Germany  from  the 
United  Kingdom. 

"  'Declaration. 

"'I,  ,  do  solemnly  and  sincerely.declare 

that  the  [case,  bundle,  or  bag]  marked 
shipped  by  me  per  the  to  contain  as 

follows  [state  full  particulars  of  contents],  all  oi  which 
[shrubs,  roots,  trees,  plants,  or  seeds]  are  set  forth  and 
described  in  the  annexed  invoice,  marked  (  ). 

And  I  further  declare  that  the  whole  of  the  said  [shrubs, 
roots,  trees,  plants,  or  seeds]  are  perfectly  free  from  the 
pest  known  as  Phylloxera.  And  I  make  this  solemn 
declaration  conscientiously  believing  the  same  to  be  true, 
and  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  the  Statutory  Declara- 
tions Act,  t83S.  Subscribed  and  declared  at 
this  day  of  ,  188     .'  " 

National  Auricula  Society.— National 

Carnation  and  Picotee  Society. — We  are  in- 
formed by  Mr.  Douglas,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford, 
Hon.  Secretary,  that  the  annual  general  meeting  of 
the  above  Societies  will  be  held,  by  permission  of  the 
Council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  in  the 
east  crush-room  of  the  Albert  Hall,  South  Kensing- 
ton, as  soon  after  12  o'clock  as  possible,  on  Tuesday, 
December  7.  The  business  of  the  meeting  will  be — 
the  election  of  officers  and  committee  ;  the  reception 
of  the  Secretary's  and  Treasurer's  reports  ;  the  elec- 
tion of  judges  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  any  other 
necessary  business  as  may  pertain  to  the  annual 
general  meeting. 

Development  of  Silloth.— With  a  view 

to  increase  the|convenience  of  the  general  pubhc,  and 
to  induce  builders  to  provide  the  much-needed  further 
accommodation,  the  directors  of  the  North  British 
Railway  Company  have  called  in  the  advice  of  Messrs. 
Little  &  Ballantyne,  the  well  known  Carlisle 
nurserymen,  who  have  executed  a  plan  for  providing 
shelter  and  ornament,  by  breaking  up  the  great  stretch 
of  greensward  between  the  parade  and  the  sea  by 
ornamental  belts,  mounds,  rockeries,  and  clumps  of 


CECEMBEk  4     liJSfi.J 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


721 


flowering  and  evergreen  shrubs.  A  public  meeting 
has  been  held  at  Silloth,  in  order  to  support  the 
movement  of  the  railway  directors,  by  resolving  that 
a  small  rate  be  levied  to  provide  funds  for  planting  all 
the  streets  of  the  town  with  avenue  trees,  and  thus 
give  them  the  appearance  of  Continental  boulevards. 


Exhibition  will  not  re-open  next  year  the  attention 
of  the  amusement-loving  public  will  be  undividedly 
directed  to  the  American  Exhibition,  to  be  opened 
May  2,  18S7,  at  Earl's  Court,  Kensington.  The 
Jubilee  year,  then,  will  be  made  additionally  attract- 
ive by  the  enterprise  of  our  Yankee  cousins  in  coming 


Royal     Horticultural     Society     of 

Aberdeen. — The  annual  meeting  of  this  Society 
was  held  on  Saturday  evening,  27th  ult.  There  was 
a  large  atiendance  of  members,  and  Councillor  LYON, 
chairman  of  the  acting  directors,  presided.  The 
Secretary,   Mr.   A.   M.   Byres,   Aberdeen,  read  the 


FiC.    I39,-<-BDPHOSBIA   GEANPIDBNS  VS^  NATAL,      (SEE  P.   72O  ) 


The  trees  will  be  planted  30  feet  apart,  and  will  line 
each  side  of  the  whole  of  the  streets.  They  will 
consist  of  Sycamores,  Norway  Maples,  Elms,  Chest- 
nuts, Limes,  &c. 

The   American    Exhibition.— Now   that 

it  is  deSnitely  £etiled  that  the  Colonial  and  Indian 


across  the  ocean  to  submit  for  our  inspection, 
criticism,  and  haply  our  approval,  the  results  of  their 
last  half  century  of  industry.  Already  a  large  num- 
ber of  men  are  at  work  on  the  grounds  at  Earl's 
Court.  Preparations  are  being  pressed  forward  in 
every  way,  and  the  main  building  is  in  process  of 
construction. 


directors'  report  as  follows  :—**  In  submitting  the 
annual  report  for  1886,  your  directors  desire  to  ex- 
press the  thanks  of  the  Society  to  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen  for  the  handsome  prize  which  Her  Majesty 
has  been  graciously  pleased  to  continue  this  year. 
The  best  thanks  of  the  Society  are  due  to  the  Right 
Hon.  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  Sir  William  Cunliffe 


722 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[Decemjer  4,  i8 


Brooks,  Bart.,  M.P. ;  Sir  Francis  Grant,  Bart., 
of  Monymusk  ;  J.  H.  BoTT,  Esq.,  Sutton  Hall,  York  ; 
the  Town  Council  of  Aberdeen,  Lord-Provost  Hen- 
derson, ex-Lord-Provost  Matthews,  and  others, 
for  their  contributions  to  the  prize  liit.  The  total 
income  for  the  past  year  amounted  to  ^^369  i.t.  7./, 
and  the  expenditure  to  £333  171  31/,  leaving  a 
surplus  of  £26  4i-.  4^/.  to  be  deducted  from  the  adverse 
balance  of  {^41  i6i.  brought  forward  from  last  year, 
thus  reducing  it  to  ^15  Il.f.  Si/.,  which  sum  the 
directors  are  hopeful  will  be  wiped  off  next  year." 
A  letter  was  read  from  Sir  Francis  W.  Grant, 
Bart.,  of  Monymusk,  intimating  the  presentation  of  a 
silver  cup,  value  £i,  for  the  best  table  of  plants  for 
next  year's  show. 

M.    Camille    Dognin.  —  All    visitors    to 

Cannes  have  heard  of,  and  many  have  seen,  the 
gardens  o(  M.  DoiiNIN  at  Valetta-Californie.  The 
garden,  indeed,  formed  one  of  the  attractions  for  plant 
1  ivers  visiting  the  French  Riviera.  We  now  learn  of 
the  death  of  this  eminent  horticulturist.  Having 
accumulated  a  fortune  in  business  in  Central  France, 
he  settled  at  Cannes,  because,  as  he  said,  that  was 
the  only  country  in  which  he  could  at  his  age  engage 
in  planting.  With  this  object  he  selected  the  district 
known  as  California,  for  even  at  Cannes  the  climate 
varies  according  to  locality,  and  the  spot  chosen  by 
M.  Dognin  enjoys  perhaps  the  mildest  climate  of  all. 
In  the  garden  created  by  him  in  a  previously  sterile 
region  M,  Dognin  collected  together  illustrations 
of  the  vegetation  from  all  countries  which  would  be 
likely  to  thrive  out-of-doors  on  the  shores  of  the 
Mediterranean  — Palms,  Tree  Ferns,  Agaves,  suc- 
culents, and,  indeed,  plants  of  all  kinds  suitable 
to  the  climate.  Not  only  were  the  plants  well 
selected  and  well  cared  for,  but  great  pains  were  taken 
with  their  arrangement  in  picturesque  manner.  The 
Midi  relates  how  M.  Linden  paid  these  gardens 
a  visit,  and  said  to  the  proprietor  : — "  Sir,  I  shall 
pay  you  no  compliment  nor  utter  any  eulogium — you 
must  have  received  so  many  as  to  be  no  longer 
capable  of  appreciating  them  ;  but,  I  may  assert  your 
claim  to  have  collected  in  your  garden,  in  the  open 
air  and  in  good  health,  a  larger  number  of  plants 
than  can  be  cultivated  elsewhere  in  Europe  without 
protection."  M.  Dognin  thus  contributed  very 
largely  to  the  introduction  and  acclimatisation — if 
that  word  may  be  permitted — of  plants  along  that 
favoured  coast.  M.  Dognin's  labours  find  an 
eloquent  and  grateful  exponent  in  M.  A.  CON- 
STANT, the  President  of  the  Horticultural  Society  of 
Cannes. 

New  Exhibition  Runner  Bean.— What 

with  the  Champion  Scaiht  Runner,  the  Girtford 
Giant,  the  Wiltshire  Giant,  and  Ne  Plus  Ul'ra— all 
fine,  long,  and  large  podded  types  of  the  Scarlet 
Runner  Bean — there  appears  to  be  no  lack  of  exhibi- 
tion varieties.  But  a  new  claimant  t  j  public  favour 
comes  to  us  from  Holland,  known  as  Vancelst's 
White  Princess,  a  giant  long-podded  variety  without 
strings,  a  higher  productive  and  remarkable  new 
variety,  with  very  fleshy  and  soft  pods,  20  inches  in 
length,  really  without  strings,  and  which  are  to  be 
eaten  with  the  husk.  Here  is  the  B;an  of  the  future  ! 
Ne  Plus  Ultra  has  to^  face  the  advent  of  one  far 
beyond  it  in  the  scale  of  promise,  But  what  of  the 
performance  ?     We  shall  see. 

A  DouiiLE  White  Phi.u.\  Drummondi. — 

This  is  one  ol  the  novelties  that  Mr.  Ernest  Benary, 
of  Etfurt,  announces  for  this  season.  It  is  the  first 
really  double  Phlox  ever  offered  to  the  trade,  and  it 
is  believed  that  it  will  prove  the  progenitor  of  a  new 
class  of  one  of  the  most  popular  and  showy  annual?, 
and  in  the  case  of  this  particular  novcl'.y  it  is  not 
merely  a  tendency  to  become  double  which  is 
apparent,  but,  on  the  contrary,  more  than  half  of  the 
seedlings,  at  least,  produce  a  prolusion  of  charming 
densely  double  pure  white  flowers.  This  Phlox 
originated  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and  it  is 
from  a  personal  inspection  of  its  merits  while  on  a 
visit  there  that  Mr.  Benary  has  been  induced  to 
offer  it. 

The  Surveyors'  Institution.— The  next 

meeting  will  be  held  on  Monday,  December  6,  when 
a  paper  will  be  read  by  Mr.  E.  Rydk  (Past-President), 
entitled  "  The  Tithe  Question,  with  Suggestions  for 
the  Redemption  of  the  Rent-charge  ;"  which  will  be 
followed  by  a  discussion  on  the  paper,  and  on  the 


paper  entitled  "  Extraordinary  Tithe  and  tke  Re- 
demption Act  of  18S5,"  read  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Willis 
Bund  (Associate),  at  the  meeting  of  Monday, 
November  22. 

Botanic  Gardens.— From  a  report  of  the 

Montreal  Horticultural  Society  we  learn  that  there 
are  197  gardens  of  this  character,  distributed  as 
follows  :— Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  12  ;  liii  ish 
colonies,  27  ;  Germany,  34  ;  France  and  colonics, 
25  ;  Italy,  23  ;  Russia  and  Siberia,  17  ;  Austro- 
Ilungary,  13;  Scandinavia  7  ;  Belgium,  Holland  and 
colonies,  Spain  and  colonies.  United  States,  5  each  ; 
Portugal  and  Switzerland,  3  each  ;  D.;nmark  and 
Roumania,  2  each  ;  Brazil,  Chili,  Ecuador,  Egypt, 
Greece,  Guatemala,  Japan,  Peru,  Servia,  each  one- 
total,  197.  The  list  is  not  complete,  though  suffi- 
ciently so  for  the  purpose  ;  Geneva,  Louvain  and 
some  of  the  Indian  gardens  are  omitted.  Of  the 
gardens  named  about  half  are  maintained  by  the 
state— about  iS  per  cent,  by  universities,  either  alone 
(5  5  per  cent.),  or  in  association  with  the  state  or 
municipality  ;  II  per  cent,  are  maintained  by  the 
municipalities,  and  5  by  private  donations  ;  94  per 
cent,  grant  free  admission  ;  70  per  cent,  are  open  on 
Sundays  ;  and  73  per  cent,  publish  reports  or  in 
some  way  contribute  to  scientific  research.  The 
Montreal  garden  itself  seems  to  have  made  a  fair 
start,  and  as  it  is  capable  of  doing  such  good  service 
we  earnestly  wish  it  success.  Most  botanic  gardens 
fail  in  their  duties  as  regards  instruction  in  horticul- 
ture. The  science  of  horticulture  should  in  such  an 
establishment  receive  as  much  attention  as  the  science 
of  botany  itself.  If  a  botanic  garden  is  to  confine 
itself  simply  to  the  cultivation  and  diffusion  of  orna- 
mental plants,  no  doubt  the  work  could  be  as  well 
done  by  commercial  establishments,  but  the  botanic 
gardens  should  be  in  each  district  the  head  centre  of 
applied  botany  including  agriculture,  horticulture, 
pomology,  and  forestry. 

The  Philadelphia  Florists'  Cluii.— This 

club  having  been  hospitably  and  sumptuously  enter- 
tained by  Mr.  G.  W.  Childs,  at  Wootton,  presented 
the  host,  in  acknowledgment  of  his  kindness,  with  a 
magnificent  bronzed  iron  vase,  the  dimensions  o( 
which,  according  to  the  Anierican  f/orist  are  7  feet 
4  inches  in  height,  the  bowl  being  8  feet  in  diameter. 
It  is  placed  on  the  lawn  in  front  of  the  house,  and  is 
an  appropriate  and  handsome  object. 

Acacia     fistula.  —  According     to     Dr. 

Schweinfurth,  in  the  rhaiiiiacmtical  Journal, 
the  Acacia  fistula,  which  grows  in  dense  groves  in 
Nubia,  is  known  among  the  natives  as  the  "  whistling 
tree."  It  owes  its  name  to  the  fact  that  a  gall  insect 
selects  (or  the  site  o(  its  operations  the  ivory-white 
shoots,  which  the  development  of  the  larva  distorts 
and  causes  to  swell  at  the  base  into  a  bladder  like 
gall,  about  I  inch  in  diameter.  The  insect  upon 
emerging  leaves  a  circular  hole,  and  the  wind  playing 
upon  the  shoot  is  said  then  to  produce  a  flute-like 
sound. 

National   Chrysanthemum    Society.— 

On  November  29  a  largely  attended  meeting  of  the 
General  Committee  took  place  at  the  "Old  Four 
Swans,"  Bishopsgate  Street,  R.  Ballantine,  Esq., 
Vice-President,  in  the  chair.  The  Hon.  Secretary 
having  read  a  list  of  the  extra  and  special  prizes 
awarded  at  the  recent  show  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
they  were  duly  approved  ;  among  them  were  the 
Silver  Medal  of  the  Society,  to  Messrs.  G.  Bunvard 
&  Co  ,  Maidstone  ;  and  Ml.  William  Holmes,  the 
Hon.  Secretary,  for  extra  exhibits.  Conr,munications 
were  read  from  Mr.  E.  Mawley',  recommending  some 
important  alterations  in  the  schedule  of  prizes  ;  from 
Messrs.  Webi)  &  Sons,  seed  merchants,  Stourbridge, 
offering  to  continue  their  special  prizes  for  six  dishes  of 
vegetables  at  the  next  annual  show,  and  considerably 
augmenting  the  value  of  their  prizes  ;  from  Mr.  Wood, 
of  Wood  Green  ;  Mr.  Colchbster,  of  Ipswich  ;  and 
Mr.  Field,  of  the  Old  Kent  Road,  also  offering 
special  prizes.  These  were  referred  to  the  Schedule 
Sub-committee.  Twenty-five  new  members  were 
elected,  bringing  the  numbers  up  to  399.  Several 
protests  against  the  awards  made  by  the  judges  at  the 
recent  Aquarium  show  were  considered  and  disposed 
of.  It  was  announced  that  a  private  subscription  had 
been  opened  and  the  sum  of  five  guineas  had  been 
subscribed  to  be  presented  on  the  occasion  of  the 
annual  dinner  to  Mr.  C,  Gibson,  ol  Morden  Park, 


Surrey,  in  recognition  of  the  splendid  stand  of  forty- 
eight  blooms  he  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Aquarium, 
which  were  a  long  way  first  in  the  premier  class,  but 
had  to  be  disqualified  through  an  unfortunate  over- 
sight. The  dale  of  the  annual  dinner  was  fixed  for 
Monday,  December  13,  on  which  occasion  the  prize- 
money  will  be  paid.  Subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
annual  general  meeting,  the  November  exhibition  in 
1SS7  was  fixed  for  Wednesday,  thegth,  and  Thursday, 
the  lOih,  of  that  month.  The  meeting  closed  with 
the  usual  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Chairman. 

Mr.  Ayrton. — The  death  is  announced  of 

this  gentleman,  best  known  to  readers  of  this  journal 
for  his  conduct  towards  the  then  Director  o(  Kew, 
and  toward  men  of  science  and  art  generally.  De 
mortuis  nil  nisi  bonitm.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that 
Mr.  Ayrton's  motives  were  laudable,  and  that  his 
attacks  upon  Kew  and  its  management  really  contri- 
buted very  much  indeed  to  raise  the  establishment 
and  its  staff  in  public  estimation. 

Allotments. — As  a  supplement  to  the  agri- 
cultural returns  given  at  p.  683  we  give  the  following  : 
— In  other  allotment  tables  we  find  the  number  of 
labourers  having  ground  for  Potatos  in  June,  18S6, 
is  stated  to  be— in  England,  80,045  !  Wales,  13,263  ; 
Scotland,  17,838  ;  making  a  total  for  Great  Britain  of 
111,146.  It  is  further  returned  that  in  Great  Britain 
there  are  134  932  allotments  or  field  gardens  (except- 
ing railway  alloimenis)  of  under  one-eighth  of  an  acre  ; 
of  one-eighth  and  under  a  quarter  of  an  acre  there 
are  117,766;  and  of  a  quarter  and  under  I  acre, 
105,097.  The  returns  of  allotments  of  from  i  to  4 
acres  (both  inclusive)  are  divided  as  follows  ;  — Arable 
land,  19.071;  pasture  land,  12,330;  partly  arable' 
and  partly  pasture  land,  5321 — showing  a  total  of 
36,722.  As  for  those  granted  by  railway  companies 
to  their  servants  it  was  found  that  in  June,  1S86,  in 
Great  Britain  there  were  33,385  of  under  one-eighth 
acre,  4160  of  one-eighth  and  under  a  quirter  of  anacre, 
1570  of  a  quarter  and  under  I  acre,  310  of  i  to  4 
acres  (both  inclusive),  making  a  sum-total  of  39,425 
(which  includes  350  allotments  on  the  London  and 
North- Western  line  which  are  held  by  others  than  the 
company's  servants. 

Proposed     Presentation    to    Mr.    W.. 

Holmes — We  understand  that  it  has  been  decided 
that  the  presentation  of  a  testimonial  to  Mr.  W, 
Holmes,  Hon.  Sec.  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society,  shall  take  the  form  of  a  silver  centrepiece 
with  two  side  tazzas,  for  the  table.  These  will  be 
accompanied  by  an  illustrated  address.  The  presen- 
tation will  probably  be  made  to  Mr.  Holmes  on  the 
occasion  of  the  Society's  annual  dinner. 

Publications     Received. — The    Chemist 

and  Druf;.^ist,  No.  344.  (London  :  42,  Cannon  Street, 
^.Z.-)  —  rhe  AtpU  and  Pear  as  Vinla'c  Fniils.  By 
Robert  Hogg,  LLD.,  &c.;  H.  G.  Bull,  M.D., 
&c.  (Woolhope  Naturalists'  Field  Club  :  Jakkman 
&  Carver,  Hereford.)  —  The  Insurance  Year  Book, 
18S7.  (London  :  Simpkin,  Marshall  ci  Co.)  — 
The  Band  of  Mercy,  vol.  viii.;  also  The  Animal 
World,  an  Advocate  of  Humanily,  vol.  xviii.  (London  : 
S.  W.  Partridge  &  Co.,  9,  Paternoster  Row,  for 
the  Royal  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
hmm\\i.  — Charily.  (London  :  Wyman  &  Sons, 
74i  75.  76>  Great  Queen  Street,  W.C.) 

Gardkning  Appointments.— Mr.  Lowry, 

late  Gardener  to  James  MacAndrew,  Esq.,  Bel- 
mont, Mill  Hill,  has  been  appointed  successor  to  the 
late  Mr.  Sargeson,  who  was  Head  Gardener  for 
forty-one  years  to  Sir  II.  F.  De  Trafford,  Bart., 
Trafford  Park,  Patricroft,  Manchester. 


The  History  of  a  Violet.— The  mosque  at 
Adrianople,  says  a  writer  in  the  Daily  News,  has  a 
legend  connected  with  a  stone  Violet  plant  which  is 
carved  over  its  fountain.  A  poor  man,  who  owned 
part  of  the  ground  over  which  the  mosque  is  built, 
refused  to  sell  his  land  unless  a  Violet,  which  had 
been  planted  by  his  wife,  was  allowed  to  bloom  upon 
it.  The  Sultan  accepted  the  condition,  and  the 
Violet  was  carefully  railed  in  and  tended,  but  in  time 
it  died,  and  the  sovereign  ordered  that  a  fountain 
should  be  erected  on  the  spot  where  it  had  blossomed, 
and  that  a  stone  Violet  should  be  carved  upon  it  as  a 
symbol  of  marital  constancy, 


December  4,  1886.] 


TN£     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


723 


notices  of  §oolis. 

Life  Histories  of  Plants.  By  ProfessDr  D. 
McAIpinc,  (Swan,  Sonnenschein  &  Co  ) 
The  first  chapter  of  this  volume  contains  an  inter- 
esting account  of  the  relationships  existing  between 
plants  and  animals,  and  between  morphology  and 
physioUij;y.  The  author,  while  acknowledging  that 
the  two  departments  are  naturally  inseparable,  evi- 
dently leins  to  the  physiological  side  of  his  subject 
rather  than  the  morphological.  His  aim,  as  he  tells 
u?,  is  to  study  the  plant  as  a  living  thing,  and  not 
as  a  dead  carcise.  This  is  well  :  but  in  his  desire 
lo  exalt  physiology  he  surely  detracts  from  the  im- 
portance of  morphology  by  speaking  of  it  merely  as 
"a  matter  of  mechanism,"  while  he  mixes  up  phy- 
siology with  morphology  when  he  goes  on  to  say  that 
i  (morphology)  reveals  "nolhing  higher  than  a  com- 
bination of  mecharicil  movements,  harmonious  in 
action  and  beau'.iful  in  execution."  The  harmony  of 
action  and  the  beauty  of  execution  are  surely  matters 
of  physiology. 

To  speak  of  morphology  merely  as  a  matter  of 
mechanism  is  to  ignore  hereditary  descent  and  con- 
sanguinity, to  set  aside  progressive  variation,  adapta- 
tion, reversion,  or  degradation.  Morphology  is  not 
satisfied  with  a  knowledge  of  things  as  ihey  are,  but 
seeks  to  know  them  in  relation  to  o'.her  things  and 
lo  their  surroundings,  and  it  endeavours  to  ascertain 
how  things  became  as  and  what  they  are,  while  it 
seeks  the  aid  of  physiology  to  know  (he  aim  and 
present  purport  of  morpholog'ca!  appearances.  In 
tracing  the  several  existing  groups  of  plants  and 
animals  the  author  starts  with  simple  protoplasm,  from 
which  two  main  groups  were  formed,  distinguished 
by  their  different  modes  of  feeding,  and  then  "  the 
plant  having  acquired  its  green  colouring  matter  or 
chloroph>n,  was  enabled  lo  live  indepedenily  upon 
the  inorganic  material  around  it.'"  The  Professor 
does  not,  nor  could  he,  tell  us  how  the  plant  first 
acquired  its  green  matter,  and  yet  from  the  tone  of  his 
language,  if  not  from  his  very  words,  it  might  be  in- 
ferred by  the  student  that  there  was  no  mystery  about 
it.  From  this  beginning  the  author  passes  on  to  the 
higher  groups  of  plants,  distinguishing  in  each  group, 
or  in  each  organ,  such  as  the  root,  an  elemental  or  rudi- 
mentary stige,  a  typical  or  fully  developed  condition 
with  modiiica'ions  by  excess  or  defect,  according  to 
circumstances. 

In  his  comparative  classification  he  brings  into 
clear  relief  the  differences  in  plants  according  lo  the 
number  of  distinct  stages  through  which  they  pass- 
neutral,  bud-forming,  spore-beating,  or  sexual.  A 
study  of  Pro'^essor  Caruel's  Morjologia  Vegclaic  is  of 
great  importance  from  this  point  of  view. 

Professor  McAIpine's  book  is  well  adapted  to  the 
requirements  of  those  who  desire  to  get  a  good  general 
view  of  plants  and  of  their  mode  of  life  ;  t  ut  there  is 
in  this,  as  in  most  modern  botanical  books,  an 
absence  of  systematic  method  and  arrangement,  which 
lenders  them  difficult  to  consult.  A  terse  diagnosis 
is  no  doubt  artificial  and  dogmatic  rather  than  scien* 
tific,  but  it  is  as  useful  to  a  student  as  an  index  or  a 
table  of  contents. 

Professor  McAIpine's  book,  moreover,  is  destitute 
of  any  index,  and  the  illustrations  are  mostly  old 
friends  from  Sachs  or  other  sources  ;  nevertheless,  for 
the  purposes  we  have  indicated,  the  book  is  in  the 
main  well  adapted,  and  we  may  commend  it  for  its 
freshness  and  modern  spirit,  which  renders  it  abreast 
of  the  times. 


Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition,  1866  :  Empire 
of  India.  Special  Catalogue  of  Exhibits  by  the 
Government  of  lodia  and  Private  Exhibitors, 
(London  :  Clowes  «S:  Sons.) 

Amongst  the  last,  if  not  actually  the  last,  to  appear 
of  the  several  handbooks  and  catalogues  of  the  late 
Colonial  and  Indian  Exhibition  was  that  referring  lo 
the  empire  of  India.  Considering  the  extent  of  space 
occupied  by  the  exhibits  in  the  Indian  section,  and 
the  great  variety  and  extent  of  those  exhibits,  it  would 
be  natural  to  expect  that  the  catalogue  would  be  one 
of  consideraLle  bulk,  and  that  this  is  so  is  proved  by 
the  present  volume  extending  to  317  pages.  The 
book,  which  is  full  of  valuable  information  of  a  very 
varied  character,  is  especially  valuable  for  its 
*' Guide  to  the  Economic  and  Commercial  Court," 
and  for  that  to  the  "ethnological  models  and  exhibits 


shown  in  the  Imperial  Court,"  both  of  which  have 
been  prepared  by  Dr.  George  Watt,  the  special 
cfficer  in  charge  of  the  Kconomic  Court.  Under  the 
fiist  head  the  several  subjects  are  treated  i.i  the  fol- 
lowing order  : — Timbers,  fodder  and  cattle  food?, 
human  food  in  times  of  scarcity,  vegetables,  tubers, 
bulbs,  roots  and  stems,  fruits,  nuts,  condiments  and 
spices,  pulses,  grains,  sugars,  starches,  and  toddy, 
narcotics  and  stimulants,  drugs,  fibres,  oils  and  oil 
seeds,  gums  and  resins,  extracts  and  inspissated  saps, 
dyes  and  tans.  Under  each  of  these  heads  the  plants 
yielding  them  are  arranged  alphabetically,  according 
to  their  scientific  name.  As  an  illustration  we  may 
quote  a  paragraph,  taken  hap-hazard  from  the  section 
"  oil  and  oil  seeds,"  thus  :  — 

"  Olea  ferruginea,  Roylc  :  Ole.icece. — In  Afghanis- 
tan an  oil  is  obtained  from  this  tree  which  would  doubt- 
less take  an  important  place  in  the  oil  trade  were  it  pro- 
curable in  large  quantities  ;  it  is  as  good  in  quality  as  the 
ordinary  Olive  oil.  The  Olive  tree,  Olea  europca,  Linn., 
has  been  introduced  in  the  hills,  and  there  seems  no 
reason  why  India  might  not  take  a  place  amongst  the 
countries  which  supply  the  Olive  oil  of  commerce.  Olive 
kernels  yield  44  per  cent,  of  oil,  and  Olive  pulp  39  per 
cent." 

This  example  of  the  way  in  which  each  product  is 
treated  will  show  the  pi  in  and  scope  of  the  book,  for 
not  only  is  information  given  as  to  the  uses  and  com- 
merce of  the  several  phnt?,  but  suggestions  are  often 
thrown  in  as  to  the  probable  value  of  any  given 
product  as  a  new  ariicU  of  export.  This  will 
cause  the  book  to  be  of  special  value  in  the  hands 
of  commercial  men.  The  arrangement  also  of  the 
products  in  groups  will  have  the  same  advan'age, 
and  in  the  case  where  one  or  more  product  is  yielded 
by  the  same  plant  ihe  cross  references  from  one  to  the 
other  will  be  particularly  useful,  and  indicates  that 
much  care  has  been  given  to  its  compilation.  Suf^- 
cient  hai  oeen  said  to  show  that  the  catalogue  of  the 
empire  of  India,  though  appearing  last,  is  certainly 
not  the  least  important  of  the  many  catalogues  and 
handbooks  that  emanated  from  the  recent  Exhibition  ; 
indeed,  we  may  say  that  it  is  both  the  best  and 
cheapest  book  that  has  appeared,  and  those  not 
interested  In  raw  products  will  find  more  than  a 
sbilIing*s-wort!i  (the  price  of  the  book)  in  the  second 
part,  which  is  devoted  to  the  ethnological  models  and 
exhibits,  for  in  this  are  excellent  and  readable  descrip- 
tions of  the  several  tribes  and  their  productions. 


THE  NURSERY  ON  HARLOW 
MOOR. 

Close  to  the  beautiful  town  of  Harrogate,  the 
favourite  health  resort  of  the  North,  lies  Harlow 
Moor,  which  is  a  large  expanse  of  land  covered  with 
Heather  and  Scotch  Firs.  From  the  summit  of  the 
Moor,  which  is  about  500  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  very  beautiful  views  are  obtained  of  the  surround- 
ing country.  The  Scotch  Firs  make  an  excellent 
shelter,  and,  covering  several  acres,  have  a  very  fine 
effect.  One  would  scarcely  expect  to  see  a 
thriving  nursery  garden  on  the  very  summit  of  the 
Moor,  but  such  is  the  fact,  and  in  Mr.  Bitchelor's 
hands  it  is  rapidly  extending.  By  great  labour 
and  perseverance  some  useful  land  has  been  cleared 
and  brought  into  cultivation.  Mr.  Batchelor  finds 
Roses  do  well  here.  His  stock  this  season  is  very 
fine  :  both  standards  and  dwarfs  are  good.  Mr. 
Batchelor  intends  going  in  largely  for  Roses.  Rho- 
dodendrons also  do  very  well  here,  getting  plenty  of 
the  breezy  air  of  Harrogate.  The  plants  show  great 
vigour  and  robustness.  He  already  has  a  fine  stock 
of  all  the  best  named  varieties,  and  intends  going  in 
largely  for  them.  He  intends  working  a  great  many 
this  next  season.  Most  kinds  of  hardy  evergreen 
trees  and  shrubs  do  well  in  the  .soil  here.  In  a  wide 
border  on  each  side  of  the  road  leading  from  the  bog 
fields  to  the  Moor,  there  are  a  great  many  choice  trees 
and  shrubs  growing  moit  luxuriantly.  The  common 
Laurels  even  on  the  very  summit  of  the  Moor  thrive 
wonderfully  well,  and  rarely  suffer  from  the  severe 
frost,  and  so  with  nearly  all  hardy  trees  and  shrubs, 
they  rarely  suffer  here  from  the  severe  frost  of 
winter 

The  light  bright  breezy  dry  air  of  Harrogate  is  most 
favourable  for  ripening  the  young  wood,  which  in 
consequence  rarely  suffers  from  frost  in  severe  winters. 
Carnationsand  Picolees  seem  to  do  well,  and  of  these 
there  is  a  large  stock;  there  are  many  useful  things  among 
hardy  plants.     But  besides  a  general  outdoor  nursery 


stock,  Mr.  Batchelor  has  a  good  business  in  cut 
flowers  and  decorations.  To  meet  the  demand 
for  flowers  and  plants,  interiorly  a  considerable 
araount  of  gliss  is  provided,  every  part  of  which  is 
made  the  most  use  of  that  it  is  possible  to  do.  There 
is  a  houseful  of  Gardenias,  one  of  Adiantums,  also 
one  of  Azaleas  :  together  with  some  fine  Camellias, 
Indiarubber  plants,  a  qiantity  of  young  Palms,  Heath, 
Genistas,  and  Hydrangeas.  Mr.  Bitchelor  has  a  house 
chiefly  of  Roses,  a  quantity  of  Teas  being  planted 
in  the  houses  to  keep  up  a  supply  of  flowers.  On 
the  rafters  of  som^  of  the  houses  there  are  Lipa- 
geiias,  both  alba  and  rosea,  also  flotibunda,  and  a 
great  variety  of  other  plants.  Visitors  to  Harlow 
Heath  should  not  fail  to  visit  Harlow  Nurseries; 
they  will  find  many  things  there  to  interest  ihcm. 


PARIS. 

The  Lottery  ior  the  Paris  Gardeners. — 
As  we  have  previously  announced,  among  the  plans 
for  assiiting  the  market  gardeners  and  nurserymen 
so  severely  tried  by  recent  hailstorms  was  a  tom'jola, 
or  lottery.  Numerous  contributions  of  works  of  art, 
pottery,  plants,  seeds,  flowers,  fruit,  wines,  engravings, 
photographs,  iS:c.,  were  made.  The  Syndical  Chamber 
of  Belgian  Horticulturists  sent  more  than  a  thousand 
plants.  The  sale  of  these  varied  articles  realised 
about  8,000  francs,  which  was  banded  over  to  the 
National  Horticultural  Society.  Twelve  thousand 
tickets  were  sold,  and  99S  lots  of  articles  were  dis- 
posed of. 

Paris  Exhibition  1S89. 

M.  Alphand  is,  we  are  informed,  engaged  in 
organising  ihs  staff  of  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  18S9. 
M.  Bartet,  chief  engineer  of  the  promenades  of  Paris, 
and  M.  Rafarin,  one  of  the  city  horticulturists,  are 
charged  with  the  management  of  the  horticultural 
department. 


THE    POTATO    EXPERIMENTS 

AT   READING. 

Against  the  statement  that  any  mistake  has  been 
made  at  Kew  I  desire  to  protest  energetically. 

What  hai  really  happened  is  as  follows  : — In  the 
summer  and  autumn  of  1SS3,  at  the  instigation  of 
Earl  Cathcart,  I  took  a  great  deal  of  pains  to  work 
out  the  characters  and  mutual  relationships  of  the 
difterent  wild  types  of  tuberous  Solanums.  In  a 
paper  read  before  the  Linnean  Society  in  January, 
1SS4,  I  gave  the  characters  and  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  about  twenty  wild  types,  classifying 
six  of  them  as  species  and  the  remainder  as  va- 
rieties. Lord  Cathcart  asked  more  especially  for 
any  suggestions  likely  to  be  of  economic  use,  and 
what  I  suggested  was  that  each  of  these  wild 
types  should  be  separately  individualised,  and 
its  economic  value  tested.  At  that  time  we  had 
at  Kew  in  cultivation  three  of  the  types  described, 
namely,  tuberosum,  Maglia,  and  Jamesii.  Jamesii 
grows  very  palatable  tubers,  but  we  never  have  got 
ihem  larger  than  small  marbles.  Of  our  single 
tuberosum  form  the  fully  developed  tubers  are 
oblong,  4  or  5  inches  long,  with  a  thin 
smooth  reddish-brown  skin,  and  they  weigh  several 
ounces.  It  was  that  autumn  that  I  first  made  out 
from  the  descriptions  in  the  books  and  the  dried 
specimens  in  the  herbarium,  that  a  form  that  Mr.  P. 
L.  Sclater  had  given  us  in  1S62  was  identical  with 
the  Chilian  Solanum  Maglia,  as  described  by  Dunal 
in  Di  Candolie's  ProJroinus,2.ndih3X  the  well-known 
plant  figured  by  Sabine  in  the  fifth  volume  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  Horticultural  Society  was  also  S. 
Maglia,  and  not  S.  tuberosum,  as  Dunal  had  stated. 
Lord  Cathcart  did  not  ask  for  any  tubers  of  S.  Maglia 
to  experiment  upon.  At  that  time  I  do  not  believe 
that  any  of  the  English  cultivators  had  so 
much  as  heard  the  name  mentioned.  I  sent  him,  en- 
tirely on  my  own  responsibility,  a  few  tubers  from 
this  plant  of  Mr.  Sclater's.  Iwas  then  working  at  the 
paper  and  writing  to  him  about  Potato  matters,  fre- 
quently, comparing  ideas  as  we  plodded  on,  step  by 
step.  I  remember  as  distinctly  as  if  it  were  yesterday 
sending  him  these  said  tubers.  They  were  not 
so  large  as  we  sometimes  get  them,  for  the 
best,  raised  that  year,  had  been  already  given 
away.  There  were  six  or  eight  of  them,  not  larger 
than  Walnuts  ;  and  round,  and  very  wrinkled, 
by     being     kept     some     time     in     a     dry     dish, 


724 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[December  4,  1886, 


the  whole  lot  were  packed  in  a  small  box,  that 
was  sent  by  letter,  and  perhaps  weighed  a  couple  of 
ounces.  The  whole  box  with  its  contents  did  not 
weigh  as  much  as  a  single  average  tuber  of  our 
tuberosum,  and  that  year  we  had  saved  no  tubers  of 
tuberosum  at  all.  I  brought  the  tubers  over 
myself  from  the  herbaceous  ground  to  the  her- 
barium, and  I  packed  and  directed  the  box  to 
Lord  Cathcart  with  my  own  hand.  I  speak,  there- 
fore, about  a  matter  on  which  I  have  full  per- 
sonal knowledge  when,  I  say,  that  Mr.  Arthur 
Sutton's  statement,  that  tubers  [as  grown  at  Kew]  of 
tuberosum  were  sent  to  Lord  Cathcart  instead  of  those 
of  S.  Maglia,  is  incorrect. 

What  does  Mr.  Arthur  Sutton  know  about  the 
matter  which  he  is  speaking  about  so  confidently  ? 
He  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  criticised  transaction 
whatever.  He  did  not  enter  upon  the  scene  till  a 
year  later,  when  the  tubers  had  been  a  year  out  of 
my  hands.  He  did  not  know  that  his  Reading 
Maglia  differed  in  any  way  from  our  Kew  Maglia  till 
I  told  him  so  myself  this  summer,  when  the  tubers  had 
been  out  of  my  hands  three  years.  And  now,  because 
at  the  end  of  three  years  there  is  an  appreciable  differ- 
ence between  the  Reading  and  the  Kew  types  he  jumps 
at  the  conclusion  that  the  Kew  people  must  have 
made  a  blunder,  without  taking  time  to  consider 
whether  the  fact  may  not  have  some  other  ex- 
planation. It  does  not  follow  in  the  least,  that 
because  the  two  types  are  appreciably  different, 
that  the  Kew  people  must  have  made  a  blunder.  In 
those  three  years  an  accident  may  have  happened 
to  the  tubers.  We  all  know  how  easily  such  accidents 
happen  in  large  gardens  where  many  hands  are 
employed.  Botanical  experiments  of  this  sort  are  best 
carried  on  in  small  gardens,  where  the  master  is  a  man 
of  leisure,  and  can  look  carefully  after  everything  him- 
self, I  have  no  special  reason  to  believe  that  in  this 
particular  case  an  accident  has  happened.  In  three 
years  such  a  plant  as  a  Potato  that  has  always  been 
grown  in  poor  soil  may  be  altered  materially  by  being 
transferred  to  rich  soil.  This,  to  my  own  mind,  is  the 
most  probable  explanation  of  the  difference  that  exists 
between  the  Kew  type  and  the  Reading  type.  M. 
Alphonse  De  Candolle,  who  has  lately  written  a 
paper  on  the  subject,  and  whose  authority  is  of 
the  very  highest  value,  has  in  this  recent  paper,  written 
after  full  study  of  my  own  paper  and  the  Botanical 
Magazine  figure  of  Maglia,  whilst  separating  as  species 
some  of  the  forms  I  had  classed  under  tuberosum, 
classiBed  Maglia  as  a  variety ;  and  what  he  means  by 
a  variety  is  a  form  that  differs  from  the  type  extremely 
little.  Since  18S3  we  have  ourselves  at  Kew  grown 
S.  Maglia  in  richer  soil  than  before,  and  one  of  the 
characters  which  I  relied  upon  as  differential — the 
absence,  in  S.  Maglia,  of  little  leaSets  intercalated 
between  the  big  ones — has  to  some  extent  broken 
down.  But,  rejecting  either  of  these  two  very  pro- 
bable explanations,  Mr,  Arthur  Sutton  has  invented 
a  third  hypothesis — that  the  Kew  people  must  have 
made  a  blunder.  I  think  he  has  shown  a  want  of 
care  and  consideration  for  other  people  in  allowing 
a  mere  hypothetical  suspicion  to  be  treated  as  a 
fully  ascertained  fact,  and  instigating  its  dissemination 
as  a  fact  in  various  newspapers.  I  am  very  sorry  to 
have  to  write  in  this  way  about  a  man  from  whom 
I  have  received  much  help  and  kindness,  but  when 
an  average  reader  of  the  Times  or  Daily  Telegraph 
stops  one  of  us  in  the  street  and  asks  if  it  be  true 
that  Suttons,  of  Reading,  have  grown  a  wonderful 
new  Potato,  and  found  the  Kew  people  out  in  a 
blunder,  it  is  perfectly  impossible  to  make  him 
understand  what  has  really  happened  ;  and  unless  this 
story  be  explained  now,  when  it  first  shows  itself  in 
black  and  white,  it  will  soon  pass  into  an  accepted 
belief. 

It  is  just  one  illustration  more  of  the  fact  how 
easily  things  get  misrepresented.  The  whole  founda- 
tion of  this  new  departure  in  Potato  experimentalising 
was  my  own  planning.  Everybody  at  Kew  has 
done  everything  that  could  possibly  be  done  to  help 
the  matter  forward  ;  we  have  grown  as  many  of  the 
distinct  types  as  we  could  get  together  ;  Sir  Joseph 
Plooker  has  figured  S.  Maglia  and  S.  Jamesii  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine  ;  we  have  written  and  answered 
letters  innumerable;  we  have  given  away  many  hun- 
dreds of  duplicate  tubers  ;  we  have  shown  everything 
we  had  most  freely  to  Messrs.  Sutton  and  every  one 
else  interested  in  the  matter ;  and  the  upshot  of  it  is, 
that  to-day  the  newspapers  are  accusing  us  of  care- 
lessness in  a  chorus  which  the  chief  experimenter  leads. 
J.  G.  Baker. 


A    FASCIATED    ROOT    OF 
POTHOS    AUREA. 

I  HAVE  received  from  Herr  F.  M.  Braun,  of  St. 
Petersburg,  an  aerial  root  of  Pothos  aurea,  which 
may  throw  some  light  on  the  origin  of  fasciation. 
This  specimen  has  the  ordinary  aerial  roots  of  these 
plants  about  5 — 6  centimetres  long  and  4  millimetres 
in  diameter,  and  is  characterised  by  a  sudden  arrest 
of  growth,  in  consequence  of  which  it  has  become 
thickened,  and  has  all  at  once  grown  very  strong 
(see  fig,  140).  Shortly  after  another  arrest  seems 
to  have  taken  place,  but  this  time  the  result  was 
different,  The  tip  of  the  root  became  black  and 
died,  and  just  above  the  decayed  point  a  new  root 
was  produced  differing  from  the  original  one  in  its 
flat  shape. 

On  this  root,  as  it  now  lies  before  me,  a  thickened 
ridge  may  be  traced  running  from  the  point  of  junc- 
tion on  the  one  side  to  close  by  the  same  point  on 
the  other  side,  so  that  the  root  gives  one  the  impression 
of  three  roots  joined  together.  Further  down  a 
modification  is  to  be  found  in  the  central  portion. 
For  about  12  centimetres  of  length  it  separates  from 


Fig.  140,-FASC: 


one  of  the  sides,  and  grows  like  an  independent  root ; 
some  millimetres  further  separation  from  the  other 
side  root  takes  place,  while  the  central  part  is  dis- 
tinctly seen  to  consist  of  two  roots  joined  together. 
These  remain  united  for  a  further  distance  of  5  centi- 
metres, and  ultimately  divide  into  two. 

At  a  later  date  a  normal  secondary  root  has 
grown  out  above  the  starting  point  of  the  fasciation. 
The  explanation  of  the  fasciation  is  in  this  case  clear 
— sudden  and  excessive  flow  of  sap.  In  consequence 
of  this  the  tip  of  the  root  at  first  became  destroyed. 
In  the  tissue  found  close  under  the  tip,  there  occurred 
a  very  extensive  cell-division,  resulting  in  the  starting 
of  three  or  perhaps  four  giowing-points  close  against 
each  other,  A  separation  of  the  adjacent  roots  could 
not  take  place  on  the  one  side  on  account  of  the  closely 
packed  growing-points,  nor  on  the  other  on  account 
of  the  rapid  development  of  new  cells,  so  that  the 
newly  started  roots  were  produced  entire  from  the 
primary  root. 

As  by  degrees  the  sap,  which  was  originally  con- 
centrated in  one  spot,  became  more  equally  diffused, 
division  took  place,  and  the  epidermal  cells  were 
able  to  develope  over  each  division  separately 
instead  of  forming  one  uniform  layer  over  the  whole 
root.  As  this  occurred,  as  the  equilibrium  in  the 
flow  of  sap  became  re-established,  the  normal  secon- 
dary root  was  developed,    Ui/o  Dammer,  Berlin, 


ROSE  MARIE  VAN  HOUTTE  AND  GLOIRE 
DE    DIjON. 

Of  the  several  trees  which  we  grow  in  pots  for  cut 
flowers  the  first  named  is  the  most  free  to  blossom  at 
this  season  of  the  year.  Our  plants  of  this  variety,  a. 
the  present  time  situated  in  an  unheated  house,  where 
they  have  the  benefit  of  free  ventilation,  have  not, 
owing  to  the  mildness  of  the  season,  received  a  check, 
and  are  now  well  furnished — as  they  have  been  for 
weeks  past — ^with  buds  in  various  stages  of  develop- 
ment. The  unexpanded  blossoms  of  this  kind  are 
excellent  for  cutting  purposes,  and  especially  at  this 
time  are  they  valued  here,  although  Eucharis,  Bou- 
vardias.  Chrysanthemums,  and  some  other  equally 
choice  flowers,  are  forthcoming  in  quantity.  Unlike 
the  buds  of  many  varieties,  those  of  Marie  Van 
Houtte  appear  to  withstand  a  considerable  amount  of 
damp  without  blemish,  for  although  we  have  had  an 
unusual  long  period  of  wet  weather,  their  outside 
petals  are  free  from  decay,  a  defect  which  usually 
befalls  many  Roses  which  flower  late. 

Another  Tea  which  is  about  to  do  us  good  service 
is  Gloire  de  Dijon.  We  have  a  plant  of  this  valuable 
old  variety  which  was  lifted  in  the  spring  of  1885, 
and  planted  in  a  house  devoted  to  Rose  culture.  The 
plant  when  lifted  was  a  strong  one,  having  filled  for 
two  or  three  years  a  space  on  an  outside  wall.  When 
taken  indoors  it  was  cut  down  moderately  close  to  its 
base,  and  the  ensuing  summer  it  made  numerous 
growths  some  12  feet  in  length,  the  length  of  trellis- 
work  ;  during  the  spring  of  this  year  these  growths 
broke  from  almost  every  eye,  and  with  but  few  excep- 
tions theyblossomed,  producing  sucha  mass  of  Roses  as 
I  have  never  seen  equalled  upon  any  one  plant.  Many 
were  gathered  for  decorative  purposes  ;  in  fact,  it  was 
a  case  of  "  cut  and  come  again,"  without  much  per- 
ceptible thinning  being  observed.  At  the  present 
time  the  plant  is  showing  numerous  buds  from  the 
points  of  the  shoots  laid-in  this  season,  which  will  by 
mere  preservation  from  frost  yield  a  supply  of  flowers 
at  a  date  when  they  will  be  invaluable.  It  has  been 
remarked  that  this  old  Rose  is  too  common  to  deserve 
room  under  glass,  but  no  other  in  my  opinion  is  more 
worthy  of  such  a  position.  We  have  given  its  con- 
gener, Reine  Marie  Henriette,  similar  treatment  with 
almost  equal  success.  This  variety,  however,  with 
us,  is  subject  to  mildew.  I  have  read  somewhere  that 
it  is  a  shy  bloomer ;  such  is  not  our  experience  of  it, 
either  in  pots  or  planted  out  under  glass.  Thomas 
Coomber. 

The  Parentage  of  the  Rose   Lady   Mary 

FlTZVI?ILLIAM. 

My  attention  having  been  called  to  the  remark 
of  "Wild  Rose"  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
of  November  6,  1886,  p.  587,  that  the  Rose 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam  is  not  a  Tea  Rose,  I  beg 
to  state  that  I  placed  this  Rose  before  the  public 
as  a  seedling  from  devoniensis.  I  can  prove  this 
Rose  to  be  a  seedling  from  devoniensis  on  sworn 
evidence,  corroborated  beyond  a  doubt.  I  am  bound 
to  give  this  contradiction  to  "  Wild  Rose's  "  state- 
ment, or  I  must  rest  under  the  stigma  of  having  wil- 
fully deceived  the  public.  It  now  rests  with  "  Wild 
Rose  "  to  prove  the  truth  of  his  assertion,  or  to  with- 
draw it.  Henry  Bennett. 


A     NEW     MIGNONETTE. 

Our  illustration  at  p.  725,  for  which  we  are  in- 
debted to  Mr.  Cannell,  gives  a  representation  of  a 
new  variety  of  Mignonette  recently  sent  out  by  Messrs. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  of  Swanley,  Kent.  The  illus- 
tration fully  explains  itself,  but  we  may  add  that  a 
flowering  stem  was  kindly  forwarded  to  us  for  inspec- 
tion by  the  firm,  and  on  measuring  it  we  found  it  to 
be  over  24  inches  in  length  !  Another  feature  in  this 
variety  is  the  curiously  twisted  appearance  of  its 
flowering  stems.     (See  fig.  141,) 


Horticultural  Club.  —  The  next  meeting  of 
the  Club  will  be  held  at  the  Club-room,  Covent 
Garden  Hotel,  on  December  7,  when,  after  the  dinner, 
Mr.  T.  Francis  Rivers  will  open  a  discussion  on 
"  Fears  and  their  Culture," 


December  4    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


725 


|«1,M  |ai«  m  |ta„i„8,. 


ORCHIDS  AT  SUNBURY  HOUSE. 
The  number  of  specimens  of  Orchids  here  is  both 
extensive  and  well  grown,  while  in  some  instances  the 
plants  have  attained  enormous  dimensions — a  plant 
of  Cattleya  Mossise,  to  wit,  having  upwards  of  sixty 
well-developed  flower-sheaths.  Among  the  many 
handsome  species  and  varieties  in  blossom  special 
mention  may  be  made  of  Ansellia  africana  nilotica, 
a  splendid  Orchid,  dwarfer  in  habit,  freer  flowering, 
and  more  showy  than  the  typical  A.  africana.  This 
variety  is  worth  careful  and  special  attention,  even  in 
the  most  select  collections.  Several  Dendrobes  were 
ID  bloom,  .iaclading  D.  Oearei,  with  its  lovely  droop- 


O.    Uro-Skinneri,    Oncidium    Forbesii,    Polystachys 
pubescens,  contributed  a  grand  display. 

In  the  Cattleya-house  the  Coelogyne  Gardneriana 
was  flowering  freely,  carrying  four  spikes  of  its  waxy 
while  blossoms  ;  Oncidium  bicolor  is  an  attractive 
yellow-flowered  species,  and  is  here  well  represented  ; 
the  rare  Saccolabium  bellinum  was  doing  better  here 
than  I  have  seen  it  elsewhere,  the  warmest  end  of  the 
Cattleya-house  evidently  suiting  its  requirements,  the 
plant  being  in  robust  health,  and  developing  two 
strong  spikes  of  bloom.  Some  species,  generally 
difficult  to  cultivate,  are  here  grown  admirably  ;  for 
example,  Epidendrum  bicornutum,  E.  Humboldtii, 
Coryanthes  macrantha,  lonopsis  paniculata,  are  all 
growing  freely  ;  but  perhaps  the  most  perfect  example 
of  successful  cultivation  is  that  of  Renanthera  coc- 
cinea,  grown  on  stems  of  the  Birch  tree.  I  know  that 
the  practice  is  not  a  new  one,  as  the  late  Mr.  Speed, 
of    Chatswortb,   used  to  cultivate  the  plant  in   this 


Fig.   141.— MR.  cannell's  new  mignonette,     (see  p.  724.) 


ing  spikes  of  white  and  green  flowers ;  the  handsome 
North  Australian  D.  superbiens  and  D.  bigibbum  ; 
D.  formosum  giganteum  are  well  grown,  Cypripe- 
diums  are  largely  grown,  and  include  all  the  best 
known  species  and  hybrids  procurable.  At  the  present 
time  the  most  conspicuous  in  flower  are  the  varieties 
of  C,  insigne  and  C.  Spicerianum. 

In  the  cool-house  there  are  several  pans  of  the 
lovely  Pleione  Burmanica,  probably  a  variety  of  P. 
Wallichiana,  and  decidedly  superior  for  decorative 
purposes.  The  varieties  of  Laelia  pumila  are  especial 
favourites  of  Major  Lendy,  and  the  be=t  varieties  of 
L.  p.  marginata  I  have  ever  seen  was  in  bloom  at 
the  time  of  my  visit.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
Odontoglossum  roseura,  a  comparatively  small 
growing  species,  but  which,  when  well  cultivated,  is  a 
gem,  its  crimson-violet  shaded  blossoms  contrasting 
well  with  Odontoglossum  crispum  and  O.  Rossii 
majus,  whilst  quantities  of  the  brilliant  Sophronites 
grandiflora,  the  rare  Masdevallia  racemosa,  the  beau- 
tiful Oncidium  Phalsenopsis,  Odontoglossum  blandum. 


manner,  and  it  is  doubtless  the  best  way  of  growing 
it,  as  in  that  position  it  roots  abundantly,  and 
grows  freely.  In  this  short  notice  I  have  mentioned 
a  few  only  of  the  good  things  in  this  fine  collection, 
G.J. 

Mr.  Cobb's  Orchids. 
Cattleya  luteola. — This  species  is  beautifully  in 
flower  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Walter  Cobb,  Silverdale 
Lodge,  Sydenham.  It  Is  grown  here,  and  also  in 
Mr.  Dorman's  garden,  under  the  name  of  C. 
Holfordii.  Its  correct  name  is  C.  luteola,  being 
described  by  Dr.  Lindley  under  that  name  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  1853,  p.  774.  There  is  a  very 
correct  representation  of  it  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5032. 
Mr.  Cobb's  plant  has  three  spikes,  on  one  of  which 
there  are  thirteen  flowers.  It  is  one  of  the  very 
dwarf  growing  Cattleyas  which  succeed  best  in  pans 
or  baskets  suspended  from  the  roof ;  moreover  it  is 
very  distinct  and  pretty,  the  flowers  primrose  with  an 
orange  blotch  on  the  lip. 


Vanda  cctnilea  is  also  well  grown  in  this  garden. 
The  plants  are  very  healthy,  and  furnished  with 
bright  green  leaves.  One  plant  produced  a  hand- 
some spike  with  twenty-three  flowers.  The  tempera- 
ture for  this  species  should  not  be  more  than  50°  to 
55*  during  the  winter  months.  After  they  has 
flowered  they  pass  through  their  season  of  rest,  and 
during  winter  do  not  require  a  very  larga  supply  of 
water.  In  our  own  garden  we  have  at  present  seven 
plants  (the  whole  stock)  and  every  one  of  them  has 
flowered  as  well  this  year  as  they  did  the  last.  They 
have  been  grown  throughout  in  cool  Cattleya-house 
temperature. 

Dendrobium  formosum  is  also  here  as  a  handsome 
specimen,  with  seven  flowers  on  one  spike.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  useful  of  Dendrobes  ;  whose  large 
handsome  blooms  last  in  perfection  for  three  months. 
The  plants  require  a  high  temperature  and  moist 
atmosphere  when  they  are  making  their  growth. 

Dcttdrochilufii  Cohbiamttii  is  a  recent  species, 
curious,  and  sufficiently  distinct,  but  the  flowers  lack 
the  delicate  perfume  of  D.  glumaceum,  or  the  elegance 
of  D.  filiforme.  It  may  be  worth  growing  as  a  variety. 
It  had  produced  but  one  spike  on  a  moderate-sized 
plant. 

Trichosma  siiavis  is  another  singular  Orchid  that 
was  in  flower  j  it  is  not  plentiful  in  cultivation,  but  it  is 
sufficiently  pretty  to  be  worth  growing.  The  flowers 
are  white,  and  resemble  some  of  the  small-growing 
Coslogynes ;  indeed,  Lindley  named  it  in  the  first 
place  C.  coronaria.  It  was  first  discovered  by  Mr. 
Gibson  **upon  trees  in  densely  shaded  woods  near 
the  summit  of  the  hills"  in  the  Chirra  district  of 
Ivhasua.  He  sent  it  to  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 
The  flowers  have  a  sweet  perfume,  and  are  valuable 
on  that  account.  J.  D. 

Orchids  at  Studley  House. 

One  ot  the  best  of  recently  formed  collections  of 
Orchids  is  that  belonging  to  F.  G.  Tautz,  F<q. , 
Goldhawk  Road,  Hammersmith,  which  although  situ- 
ated so  near  to  London,  the!  plants  appear  to  be  in 
excellent  condition.  Mr.  Tautz,  who  is  an  ardent 
lover  of  this  family,  takes  great  pains  to  learn  the 
whole  history,  and  to  know  thoroughly  all  about  his 
plants,  and  has  made,  in  a  comparatively  short  space 
of  time,  a  collection  of  the  most  valuable  and  select 
species  and  varieties.  At  the  time  of  my  visit,  the 
following  were  in  bloom  : — Lselia  elegans  Wolsten- 
hoImiK,  Odontoglossum  maculatum  anceps,  Lslia 
purpurata  Russelliana,  Cattleya  Bowringiana,  Lycaste 
Skinneri  alba  (with  two  flowers  on  a  scape),  Cattleya 
exoniensisfin  bud),  Cypripediumsenanthum  superbum, 
C.  Leeanum  superbum,  C.  roicrochilum,  C.  vexil- 
larium,  C.  Scblimii,  and  C.  S.  album  (a 
magnificent  plant),  C.  conchiferum,  C.  calurum 
superbum,  C.  Sedeni  superbum,  C.  concolor,  C. 
virens,  C.  Spicerianum  (in  quantity),  Crelogyne 
Massangeana,  Oncidium  Forbesii,  O.  tigrinum,  O. 
varicosum,  Lcelia  pumila  marginata,  Trichosma suavis, 
OJontoglossum  Pescatorei,  O.  crispum  (very  handsome 
forms),  O.  cariniferum,  O.  Roezlii,  Cattleya  luteola, 
Dendrobium  formosum  giganteum,  D.  bigibbum,  D. 
superbiens,  the  true  aulumn-flowering  Cattleya  labiata, 
C.  Dormaniana,  C.  Gaskelliana,  Cymbidium  affine, 
the  new  Spathoglottis  angustorum,  and  many  others 
in  sufficient  numbers  to  make  the  flowering  house 
especially  gay  and  charming.  In  gloomy  winter 
weather,  these  lovely  Orchids  are  more  appreciated, 
than  is  the  case  at  other  less  dull  times.  The  owner 
and  his  gardener  (Mr.  Cowley)  work  in  unison,  taking 
care  that  everything  is  properly  done,  the  houses  kept 
throughout  in  excellent  order,  and  the  plants  free  from 
insects  of  any  kind, 

Cypripediums  are  a  special  favourite  with  Mr. 
Tautz,  and  this  collection  is  as  nearly  complete  as  it 
is  possible  to  make  it ;  the  rare  C.  Fairreanum  is 
represented  by  a  beautiful  specimen,  while  C. 
Morganiae,  C.  Wallisii,  C.  Sanderianum,  and  C. 
Schroederae  may  be  specially  mentioned. 

In  the  East  Indian-house  are  some  magnificent 
specimen  Vandas  and  Aerides  of  the  best  species, 
such  as  V.  Sanderiana,  V.  Lowii,  V.  suavis,  V, 
cctrulea,  Aerides  HouUetiana,  A.  Lawrenciae,  A. 
Regnieri,  a  grand  plant  of  the  new  Saccolabium 
coelesle,  S.  bellinum,  Phaius  tuberculosus,  and  the 
new  Calanthe  Sanderiana,  the  latter  a  beautiful  example 
of  good  culture. 

The  Cattleya-house  contains  some  magnificent 
specimens  of  C.  Mendelii,  C,  Trianae,  C.  Warneri, 
C.   Skinneri,  C.   S.   a'ba,   C.   Percivaliana  alba,   C, 


726 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[December  4,  \% 


Wagneii,  C.  Reineckiana,  C.  Morganite,  C.  nobilior, 

C.  crispa  Buchananiana,  C,  Tiiansealba,  C.  Eldorado 
alba,  La;Iia  callistoglossa,  L.  araanda,  L,  PettiLii 
alba,  L.  euspalha,  L.  anceps  Dawsoni,  L.  elegans 
Turneti  (a  superb  variety),  L.  anceps  Percivaliana, 
&c.,  all  in  fine  order.  Catlleya  gigas  and  its  varieties 
ere  now  resting  in  a  temperate-house.  Very  little 
water  will  be  given  to  this  section  for  the  next  three 
months,  but  on  their  commencing  to  grow  they  will 
be  removed  to  warmer  quarters,  and  supplied  with 
fhnty  of  water  until  the  flowers  expand.  This 
treatment  was  adopted  with  much  success  by  Mr. 
Cowley  when  Orchid-grower  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Norman, 
of  Edgware,  and  might  doubtless  be  applied  to  some 
other  species  with  good  results. 

It  is  quite  a  pleasure  to  see  the  PhalKUopsis,  with 
their  large  thick  healthy  leaves  and  network  of  fleshy 
roots.  They  ate  suspended  from  the  roof  of  the  stove, 
the  side  stages  being  occupied  with  ornamertal 
flowering  and  foliage  plants.  Angrjecum  caudatum 
was  growing  freely  and  showing  flower.  A.  Kotschyii 
is  a  more  difficult  plant  to  cultivate,  and  makes  but 
slow  progress.  Dendrobiums  occupy  a  great  amount 
of  space,  and  consist  of  the  choicest  kinds,  such  as 

D.  signatum,  D.  nobile  Cooksoni,  D.  Phalrenopsis, 
D.  endocharis,  D.  splendidissimum,  D.  stratiotes,  &c. 

The  Odontoglossum-house  contains  some  good 
specimens  and  fine  varieties  ;  there  is  a  large  quan- 
tity of  O.  vexillarium  in  the  best  of  health,  the 
growths  being  sturdy  and  clean.  Masdevallias  and 
Oncidium  macranthum  occupy  one  end  of  this  house, 
and  are  doing  well  ;  whilst  magnificent  specimens  of 
Cymbidium  Lowianum,  the  rare  Oncidium  giandi- 
fiorum,  O.  incurvum  album,  Miltonia  spectabilis 
bicolov,  the  white  Ccelogyne  cristata,  Sobralia  zantho- 
leuca,  and  a  host  of  others  were  observed.  L.  G. 


J40ME     ;P0F{F{E3P0NDENCE. 


Chiswick  Red  Tomato. —"  H.  E.'s"  praise  of 
this  is  well  deserved,  for  it  is  of  sturdy  growth  and 
very  free  ;  but  lest  any  one  should  be  led  to  try  it  for 
outdoor  cultivation  through  the  remark  that  "it 
needs  less  heat  than  the  larger  sorts  "  I  would  remark 
that  my  experience  with  it  during  the  past  summer 
on  a  south-west  wall  was  anything  but  satisfactory. 
I  found  that  it  ripened  very  slowly  indeed,  probably 
on  account  of  the  thickness  and  toughness  of  the  skin. 
Thin-skinned  varieties  are  early  ripeners,  and  they 
are  the  best  for  outdoor  culture.  The  yellow-skinned 
varieties  well  deserve  a  trial.    West. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  in  Winter.  —  At  the 
Chrysanthemum  show  held  recently  at  Egbam,  a 
local  gardener,  Mr.  Reddich,  who  makes  sucfi  a 
striking  and  beautiful  show  of  Fuchsias  in  the  garden 
of  his  employer,  Mr.  Pice,  of  Egham,  in  the 
summer,  exhibited  six  plants  of  zonal  Pelargoniums, 
which  were  so  beautiful  as  to  merit  the  highest  com- 
mendation. The  plants  were  about  2  feet  across,  not 
more  than  18  inches  to  the  top  of  the  bloom,  which 
was  so  fine,  rich,  and  perfect,  as  to  fully  equal  if  not 
to  1  \cel  anything  of  the  kind  seen  during  the 
summer.  These  plants  will  remain,  in  a  gentle  heat, 
quite  as  beautiful  for  a  month  or  more  longer,  and 
will  carry  flowers  nearly  all  the  winter.  It  is  strange, 
having  regard  to  the  comparative  ease  with  which 
reilly  good  specimen  zonal  Pelargoniums  can  be 
grown  fit  for  exhibition  in  November,  that  societies 
do  not  more  widely  encourage  their  appearance  at  the 
Chrysanthemum  exhibitions,  to  which  they  would  lend 
such  glorious  hues.  The  kinds  in  question  were  the 
fine  crimson,  H.  Jacoby,  Scarlet  Dr.  Orton,  and  Mrs. 
(',.  I'don,  the  latter  a  really  fine  flower ;  Woman  in 
White,  and  Constance,  pink,  and  singularly  beautiful ; 
and  a  pleasirg  violet  shaded  double,  Mdme.  Leon 
Dabhoy.  We  sometimes  see  lists  of  kinds  specially 
selected  for  winter  blooming,  but  have  rarely  found 
any  under  proper  treatment  refusing  to  blocm  well,  and 
such  is  the  singular  refinement  and  finish  given  to  the 
blooms  under  the  dull  winter  sky  that  it  is  hard  to  tell 
which  hues  of  colour  are  the  most  beautiful.  Those 
who  have  visited  Swanley  in  mid-winter,  and  there 
seen  the  houses  of  zonal  Pelargoniums  in  bloom,  have 
found  it  very  hard  indeed  to  declare  which  were  the 
loveliest  when  all  were  lovely.  It  may  be  desirable 
to  make  selections  which  give  free  blooming  and  good 
habits  of  growth,  but  on  the  whole  one  kind  when  in 
bloom  seems  to  be  as  acceptable  as  another.  Many 
cf  our  more  recently  introduced  doubles  have  good 
compact  habits  now,  and  they  are  all  the  better  suited 
for  pot,  and  especially  for  wirter  pot  culture.  There 
is  no  special  charm  attached  to  the  means  of  obtaining 
winter  blooming  plants.  Sfringstruck  cuttings 
potted  on  as  required  during  the  summer,  kept  well 
pinched,  and  liberal  watering,  and  especially  grown 


outdoors  from  the  beginning  of  June  till  the  middle 
of  September;  should,  when  finally  in  8-inch  pots, 
ha  i;e  heads,  some  15  inches  to  18  inches  over,  and 
compact  without  requiring  a  single  stick  or  tie  10  keep 
shoot  or  flower  in  place.  The  last  potting  should 
take  place  at  the  end  of  August,  and  by  the  end  of 
October  the  plants  will  be  in  good  bloom.  A  gentle 
heat,  ample  light,  and  careful  attention  when  damp 
prevails,  are  the  chief  essentials  to  success.  A.  D. 

Adiantura  Farleyense.— I  have  never  known 
this  lovely  Fern  to  have  spores.  I  have  grown  plants 
to  6  feet  in  diameter,  and  have  exhibited  them  that  siz;, 
plants  of  it  are  now  being  grown  by  mo  yet  I  hive 
never  seen  a  sign  of  fructification,  nor  did  I  ever  hear  of 
anybody  else  who  did.  Vour  correspondent  asks  how 
the  first  man's  seedling  is  to  be  accounted  for.  Adam 
would  thus  have  to  be  communicated  wiih— a  matter 
of  some  difficulty;  but,  apart  from  jjking,  if  every 
seedling  is  tc  be  accounted  for,  he  would  indeed  have 
a  gigantic  work  on  hand.  We  all  know  that,  in 
Ferns  at  any  rale,  they  cannot  be  accounted  for, 
though  they  frequently  show  signs  of  one  parent 
at  least.  A'Sianium  fragrantissimum  is  an  un- 
known seedling,  but  none  the  less  beautiful.  It  is 
fertile.  Why  Farleyense  is  not  I  cannot  say  ;  but 
does  it  not  point  with  certainly  to  its  being  a  hybrid  ? 
I  u;ed  to  be  told  that  it  was  an  imported  novelty  when 
it  first  came  out,  and  it  might  be,  of  course,  and  still 
be  a  hybrid.  As  an  exhibitor  I  have  dropped  out  of 
the  ranks,  but  my  enthusiasm  is  as  great  as  ever,  and 
photographs  of  iny  Ftra  treasures  remind  me  pleas- 
antly of  past  victories  recorded  in  your  columns, 
whilst  medals  and  cups  in  abundance  bear  witness 
that  I  have  been  on  many  a  battle-field.  T,  I^l. 
Shu'.thxoorth,  F.L.S.,  F.R.B.S. 

"  W.    G.'s"    inquiry    as  to    the    Adianlum 

Farleyense  bearing  spores  is  a  question  I  have 
heard  disputed  more  than  once.  I  am  not  prepared 
at  present  to  say  definitely  it  does  bear  them, 
but  I  am  under  the  impression  it  does  so  on  very 
rare  occasions,  and  that  the  spore;  are  so  minute 
that  they  ate  scarcely  discernible  to  the  naked  eye. 
If  they  do  not  carry  spores  where  do  the  seedlings  come 
from?  Like  the  gardener  that  "  W.  G."  mentions 
about  at  p.  692,  we  found  a  seedling  this  spring  or 
early  summer  in  a  pot  in  which  a  Clivia  was  growing, 
»nd  which  could  not  possibly  have  got  there  except 
by  means  of  a  spore.   P.  J.  B. 

In  answer  to  the  query  of  your  correspondent, 

"  W.  G.,"  on  p.  692  cf  your  last  issue,  I  beg 
to  inform  him  that  though  I  have  never  seen 
a  spore  on  this  handsome  Fern  it  has  never  heless 
reproduced  itself  quite  true  from  spcres  in  my 
stove,  the  seedling  having  been  found  growing 
in  the  gravel  under  the  heating  pipes  among  a 
number  of  other  self-sown  Ferns  some  six  or  seven 
ye.irs  ago,  and  having  been  carefully  lifted  into 
a  pot,  las  now  grown  into  a  handsome  plant  quite 
indistinguishable  from  the  named  plant  purchased 
some  years  previously.  I  may  add  that  the  seedling 
appeared  at  the  other  end  of  the  rather  large 
house  from  that  which  was  occupied  by  the  parent 
plant.   W.  E,  GumHelon. 

Juglans  nigra,  L.— In  the  GarJmiri  Chronicle 
of  November  15.  I  see  it  stated  that  this  species 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  rarely  produces  fully 
developed  nuts,  and,  in  fact,  that  hundreds  of  nuts 
were  opened  by  the  writer  of  that  note,  and  all  of 
them  were  lound  to  be  destitute  of  embryo.  It  may, 
perhaps,  interest  him  and  others  to  learn  that  about 
twelve  years  ago  (I  do  not  know  the  exact  )ear)  I 
gathered  a  few  nuts  of  this  Walnut  in  Kew  Gardens 
under  a  good-sized  tree  there,  and  afterwards  placed 
them  carelessly  in  a  small  heap  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground  in  my  garden  at  Richmond,  in  Surrey,  where 
I  then  resided.  In  the  following  year,  much  to  my 
surprise,  I  observed  that  one  of  the  nuts  had  germi- 
nated. I  took  care  of  the  young  plant  and  brought 
it  in  a  pot  to  Barnstaple  in  the  autumn  of  the  year 
1S77,  and  planted  it  in  the  open  ground  in  my  garden 
here.  It  is  now  living,  and  measures  in  its  present 
condition,  after  the  fall  of  its  leaves,  9  feet  in  height, 
and  its  stem  measures  2  inches  in  diameter  at  its 
base,  ij  inch  at  the  height  of  3  feet,  and  i  inch  at 
4  feet  above  the  ground.  It  is  unlikely  that  any  of 
the  flowers  of  the  tree  in  Kew  Gardens  had  been 
artificially  fertilised.  Jf.  P.  Hi'.rn,  The  CaUle, 
Barnstaple, 

Pistia  stratiotes. — Many  are  doubtless  familiar 
with  this  interesting  and  highly  ornamental  water 
plant,  notwithstanding  the  insignificance  of  its  in- 
florescence. It  is  patent  no  one  would  ever  grow  it  lor 
the  latter  ;  but  the  beauty  of  its  leaves,  as  well  as 
the  arrangement  and  delicate  glaucous  green  colour, 
and  their  outline,  will  always  secure  it  a  place  in  the 
hothouse  tanks  of  the  curious.  Although  a  native  of 
the  Tropics,  its  pliable  constitution  enables  the  plant 
to  keep  up  a  tolerable  healthy  and  presentable 
appearance  in  the  open  air  in  this  country  during 
summer.  In  a  warm  tank,  however,  it  is  more  at 
borne,  and  gives  evidence  of  this  by  its  delicate  and 


pleasing  hue  of  green,  and  by  its  enormous  rate  of  I 
increase  by  short  runners  or  stolons.  This  extraordi-  \. 
nary  rate  of  vegetative  reproduction  is  seen  in  most 
aquatics  with  which  we  are  familiar,  from  L-^mna  \ 
minor  Up  to  the  lordly  Pontederia  crassipes,  which  is  1 
also  generally  grown  as  a  floating  aquatic.  The 
floating  condition  is  apparently  perfectly  favourable  \ 
to  ordinary  vegetative  growth  and   reproduction  ;  but  I 

many  years  ago  it  was  observed  that  a  greater  vigour 
was  induced  if  the  water  was  shallow  and  the  roots  of 
the  plant  had  access  to  a  rich  stratum  of  mud  or  soil. 
The  roots  in  that  case  are  better  able  to  collect  all  the         | 
necessary  constituents  of  plant  life,  and  especially  so         ! 
the  nitrates  essential  for  the  production  of  flowers  and  1 

seeds.     Cultivated  on  soil,  the  plant  has  recently  and 
is  even    now   producing   seed    freely   in   the   aquatic  I 

houses  at   Kew.     There  is  a  figure  of  the  plant  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  4564    J.  F. 

Lettuce. — When  the  crops  of  Lettuce  are  lifted  to 
meet  the  demand  during  the  winter  months  and  placed 
in  frames,  pits,  or  other  protection,  there  should  be  at 
least  two  lots  coming  forward  to  give  supplies  during 
spring  and  early  summer  months,  and  when  there 
are  no  walls  or  other  protection  of  such  a  serviceable 
character  on  the  ground,  other  means  must  be  adopted. 
We  have  found  none  to  equal  the  sharp  ridge  thrown 
up  from  2  to  4  feet  high,  on  which  the  plants  are 
planted  about  6  inches  apar',  and  they  can  be  thinned 
in  spring,  leaving  the  crop  a  foot  apart  each  way. 
The  plants  removed,  invariably  do  well  on  a  prepared 
plot,  and  the  slight  check  gives  a  succession  which  is 
very  valuable  till  spring  sowings  are  ready  for  use  in 
summer.  When  planting  is  done  the  holes  formed  by 
the  use  of  the  dibber  are  left  till  the  ridge  is  planted, 
and  are  then  filled  up  with  finely  sifted  ashes  and  soot 
mixed.  The  whole  surface  among  the  young  plants  is 
dasted  with  the  same  material  or  wood  ashes,  and 
grubs  or  slugs  are  thus  kept  in  check  ;  no  loss  of 
plants  is  sustained,  and  the  depth  of  rich  surface  soil 
of  which  the  ridge  is  formed  allows  deep  rooting,  and 
drought  or  damp,  however  severe,  is  harmless.  All 
the  Year  Round,  Hick's  Hardy,  and  Baih  Cos  are 
excellent  kind;.  Caledonian. 

Mossy  Stones  as  Ornaments  in  the  Garden. 
— When  pieces  of  stone,  especially  sandstone,  are 
used  about  a  garden  for  the  shelter  or  general  good  of 
plants,  Ihey  will  be  found  in  some  situations  to  bj 
completely  coated  with  beautifully  bright  green  moss. 
Having  at  Oakwood  .1  long  mound  in  full  view  of  the 
cottage  windows,  on  which  mound  it  was  desirable  to 
put  some  stone  to  prevent  the  soil  washing  away  from 
the  plants,  I  collected  moss-covered  pieces  of  stone, 
and  sunk  them  about  half  their  depth  in  the  soil.  The 
moss,  though  dried  up  in  the  summer,  has  become 
again  bright  green,  so  that  in  place  of  bare  stones, 
we  have  a  quite  pretty  object  to  look  at  at  a  time 
when  flowers  are  almost  over.  It  is  possible  that  this 
may  give  a  hint  useful  to  soms  of  your  readers. 
F.  Wilson. 

Plant  Physiognomy.  —  In  the  review  of  Mr 
Molyneux's  book  on  the  Chrysanthemum,  at  p.  625, 
exception  is  taken  to  the  chapter  on  leaf  re- 
cognition, as  being  dogmatic.  No  doubt  whatever, 
to  most  persons  it  seems  difficult  to  understand  that 
any  one  should  be  able  to  recognise  such  plants 
as  Chrysanthemums  by  their  foliage  features,  but  I 
had  ample  evidence,  during  last  summer,  that  Mr. 
Molyneux  possessed  that  capacity  in  a  marked  degree. 
It  was  my  fortune  to  spend  a  day  with  him  at  Heck- 
field  during  that  summer,  just  at  the  time  when  Mr. 
Wildsmith's  600  plants  consisting  of  many  kinds  were 
about  3  feet  in  height.  Looking  at  them  I  was  surprised 
at  the  ease  with  which  Mr.  Molyneux  named  kinds 
in  rapid  succession,  recognising  them  solely  by  cha- 
racter of  leafage,  for  there  was  little  else  by  which  to 
distinguish  one  from  another  except,  perhaps,  colour 
of  stem.  In  all  cases  this  leaf  recognition  proved 
correct,  and  I  suggested  that  he  should  embody  in  bis 
proposed  book  a  chapter  on  plant  physiognomy.  It 
was  quite  evident  to  me  that  constant  observation  of 
the  leafage  and  habits  of  the  various  kinds  would 
enable  an  intelligent  grower  to  become  as  familiar  with 
his  plants  as  a  shepherd  is  said  to  become  familiar  with 
the  comparatively  similar  faces  of  his  sheep.  A,  D. 

The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Insti- 
tution.— The  suggestion  of  your  correspondent,  Mr, 
Perkins  (p.  692),  is  a  capital  one  indeed,  anel  one 
I  think  which  would  be  favourably  received  through- 
out the  country.  It  is  true  our  churches  are  greatly 
indebted  to  gardeners  for  the  never-ending  supplies  of 
plants  and  flowers  supplied  on  all  festive  occasions  ; 
and  I  think  if  the  clergy  of  the  diff'erent  dioceses  were 
consulted  on  the  sulject,  and  the  facts  relating  to  this 
admirable  Institution  laid  before  them,  pointing  out 
the  good  that  has  been  done  and  is  being  done,  there  is 
no  doubt  whatever  that  they  would  receive  the  pro- 
posal in  a  fair  and  generous  manner,  and  would  consent 
to  a  collection  being  made  in  all  churches,  and  other 
places  of  worship  throughout  the  country  in  the  year 


December  4.  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


727 


1SS7.  Tnii  would  fjrm  an  inleresling  item  in  the 
annals  of  ihe  Gardeners'  Roy^l  Benevolent  Institution 
as  a  handsome  donation  from  the  Church  to  cnm- 
memorate  the  jubilee  year  of  Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 
I  might  suggest  thit  a  strong  and  th(vjughly  repre- 
sentative committee  be  chosen  in  the  dirterent  disiiicts 
10  carry  ftrward  the  proposal,  so  as  to  insure  a 
thorough  success.  R,  Green fi(.U^  Piiory  Gardens^ 
Warivkk, 

Proliferation  of  Sedum  reflexum.  — Prolifer- 
ation of  this  species  seems  to  be  not  infrequent, 
especially  when  it  flowers  late,  and  probably  this  is 
one  of  the  principal  condiiions  and  causes  of  it. 
(/ro*ih  becomes  arrested  (that  is,  vegetative  growth) 
in  the  usual  manner,  and  the  inflorescence  makes  its 
appearance  in  due  course  and  form.  The  familiar, 
many-branchtd  cymose  inflorescence  becomes  fully 
and  perfectly  formed,  and  many,  if  not  all,  of  the 
flowers  expand,  commencing  with  that  terminating 
the  floral  axis.  I  have  nevtr  observed  proiiferaiion 
in  the  latter  flower,  but  after  a  time  most  of  the  other 
flowers  on  the  branches  of  the  cyme,  instead  of  cirry- 
ing  out  the  functions  of  repioiuclion,  become  green, 
and  both  sepi!.>i,  pe'.als,  and  pistil  assume  the  form 
of  ordinary  leave?.  The  internodes  gradually  elon- 
pate,  carrying  the  several  floKil  whorls  apart,  giving 
the  whole  flower  the  appearance  of  a  branch,  which 
in  reality  it  is.  The  apices  of  the  branches  of  the 
cyme  show  the  greatest  inclination  to  develope,  and 
generally  take  the  lead,  while  the  flowers  developing 
into  branches  below  that,  are  dwarfed  by  comparison. 
The  whole  inflorescence,  however,  presents  rather  a 
singular  appearance,  for  instead  of  flowers  developing 
and  maturing  seed,  we  have  a  group  of  slender 
branches  on  the  flower-stalk.  There  is  a  figure  of 
the  species  in  English  Botany^  695.  On  the  rockery 
at  Kew  at  the  present  lime  is  a  variety  generally 
known  as  S.  r.  monstrosum,  which  shows  pro- 
liferation at  the  apices  of  the  branches  only  of  the 
inflorescence.  J.  F. 

Father  Camel's  Piants.—The  writer  of  the 
paragraph  on  p.  6S9  need  not  go  to  Louvain  to 
obtain  information  about  F.  Camel's  woik.  We  have 
in  the  Bolanical  Department  of  the  British  Mustuin 
the  types  of  the  plants  enuooerated  in  the  appendix 
to  Ray's  Historia,  and  also  a  very  important  volume 
of  drawings  and  MSS.  descriptions,  amounting  in  all 
to  6j4  in  number.  The  figures  are  well  executed, 
and  the  MSS.  accompanying  them  beautiful  speci- 
mens (  f  caligraphy.  The  volume  is  prefaced  by  a 
note  in  F.  Camel's  hand,  which  runs  :  —  *'  +  Di^crip- 
tiones  Fruticum  et  Arborum,  Luzonis.  quas  Gcorgius 
Josephus  Camel,  Dno.  Djri  WMhelmo  Ten 
Rhyne  Battaviam  miltebat  ano.  1700:  nunc  ve  w 
Domino  Jacobo  Peliverio  Pharmacopa^o  LondJnensi, 
tt  Regia;  Societaiis  Sjcio,  mittit,  ano.  1701."  The 
writer  says  "the  real  name  was  Camelli,"  but  its 
OA^ner  wrote  it  "Camel" — this  may,  however,  have 
been  only  a  Latinised  form.  There  is  no  such  thing 
as  an  "Order  of  Jesuits."  The  proper  title  is  the 
**  Company  "  or  "  Society  of  Jesus,"  the  members  of 
which  are  called  Jesuits.  The  distinction  is  not  one 
without  a  dirt'erence,  though  it  may  appear  so  to 
some.  Several  MSS.  and  letters  of  F.  Camel  are  in 
the  British  Museum  (Sloane  MSS.,  2941,  3321,  4040). 
"James  Britten^  [Kameel  is,  we  hear,  a  omnion 
Moravian  name.     Ed.] 

Spinach. — This  is  one  of  the  most  wholesome 
vegetables  extant,  and  greatly  valued  (by  those  who 
can  appreciate  it)  all  the  year  round.  Daring  summer 
it  is  very  liable  to  "  bolt  "  to  seed,  and  must  be  sown 
on  cool,  deep,  and  rich  soil.  A  shady  position 
during  the  summer  months  is  very  desirable.  Sowings 
made  every  ten  days  or  so  among  fruit  bushes,  or 
between  other  crops,  in  most  cases  meet  all  demand:^. 
For  winter  supplies  thoroughly  trenched  ground, 
which  has  been  well  manured  in  previous  years,  is  very 
suitable.  When  the  plants  are  fairly  up  they  should 
be  paitially  thinned,  to  let  them  develope  themselves 
and  when  1 1  inch  high  they  may  be  thinned  out  in  zig- 
2ig  form,  and  the  thinnings  planted  on  good  ground  in 
rows  a  foot  or  more  apart  in  the  row?,  and  about 
6  inches  from  plant  to  plant.  These  become  ve»y 
sturdy,  frost,  and  damp  resisting  plants.  To  keep 
grubs  and  clubs  in  check  a  good  duiting  of  sifted 
ashes  and  soot  mixed  may  b^  given,  and  repeated. 
We  have  four  lots  this  season  so  treated,  and  have  not 
lost  a  plant  yet.  A  good  supply  is  maintained,  and 
growing  freely  during  this  mild  weather.   Caledonian. 

Eucalypti  in  Arran  —I  have  been  much  inte- 
rested in  ihe  correspondence  on  the  Eucalyptus  as 
grown  in  the  inland  of  Arran.  I  may  stale  for  your 
information  that  several  plants  of  the  Eucalyptus  are 
growing  at  Auchmane?,  Portincross,  West  Kilbride, 
which  is  thirteen  miles  east  of  Lamlash,  and  ten 
miles  east  of  Corrle,  in  Arran.  A  seedling  of  1S81 
was  planted  outside  in  iSSj,  and  is  now  22  feet  in 
height.  Several  seedlings  of  18^5  were  planted  out* 
side  this  summer,  and  are  now  12  feet  in  height, 
having  grown  this  season  6  feet  6  inches.  The  plants 
are  grown  on  light  soil  sheltered  from  east  and  north- 


east winds,  at  about  60  yards  above  high-water  mark. 

7.    Maclean,   The  Gardens,  Anchmanes,    near    Kil- 
bride. 


|ip0rte 


BIRMINGHAM     CHRYSANTHEMUM  : 
November  24  and  25. 

This  show  was  held  in  the  Toxn  Hall,  which  was 
well  filled.  It  was  the  twen'y-sixth  exhibition  of  the 
Society,  and  was  considered  to  be  in  all  respects  one 
of  the  best  yet  held.  Cut  blooms  were  staged  in  large 
numberi,  and  were  generally  of  good  quality.  Plants 
were  also  well  shown,  and  were  of  excellent  quality. 
Bouquets  and  Primulas  kept  up  the  usual  high  standard 
of  ex:ellence  found  at  the  Birmingham  shows. 

Plants  in  Pots,  &c. 

For  nine  large  flowering  Chrysanthemums  {Jap- 
anese excluded)  Mr.  C.  Brassier,  gr.  to  T.  Marti- 
neau,  Esq.,  was  1st  in  this  set  with  plants  4  feel  in 
diameter.  Jardin  des  Piantes  was  very  rich  in  colour. 
Mr.  H.Dyer,  gr.  to  Mr^:.  Marigold,  E;^baston,  also 
showed  good  specimens,  the  best  being  Lxdy  Slide. 

Mr.  J.  Crook,  gr.  to  W.  Millward,  Esq.,  Edgbas- 
ton,  was  1st  for  six  plants,  neatly  trained,  composed 
of  leading  varieties. 

Mr.  E.  Cooper,  gr.  to  J.  Chamberlain,  Esq  ,  M.P  , 
IFghbury,  staged  the  best  single  specimen,  incurved, 
which  was  a  very  fine  plant  of  White  Venus,  4  to  5  feet 
across. 

Mr.  Brassier  occupied  the  same  place  in  the 
Japanese  class  with  a  line  lot  of  Bouquet  Fait  ;  and 
was  isl  for  &ix  pompons,  lightly  trained  ;  Mr.  Dyer 
following  also  with  freely  trained  plants. 

Cut  Blooms, 
as  has  been  said,  were  staged  in  large  numbers,  and 
made  an  imposing  array.  In  the  leading  class  for 
forty  eight  blooms,  twenty-four  to  be  incurved,  and 
the  remainder  Japanese  (distinci),  theie  were  eleven 
competitors.  This  class  was  remarkable  for  the  suc- 
cessful appearance  of  a  new  grower  in  Chrysanthemum 
culture  in  Mr.  K.  Parker,  gr.  to  J.  Corbett,  K-q., 
Impney  Hall,  Droitwich,  who  was  an  easy  i;t, 
stajing  magnificent  blooms  in  both  sections,  being 
both  solid  and  fresh,  and  of  capital  finish,  the  best 
being  Triomphe  de  la  Rue  des  Chalet?,  Mons, 
Astorg,  Belle  Paule,  Flamme  de  Punch,  Fair  Maid 
of  Guernsey,  Jeanne  d'Arc,  Oueen  of  England,  Prince 
Alfred,  John  S.ilter,  and  Lord  Alcester.  Mr.  W. 
Comfort,  gr.  to  J.  A.  EveriU,  Esq.,  was  2d,  staging 
very  fine  Japanese  ;  he  had  fine  blooms  of  Jeanne 
Ddlaux  and  Boule  d'Or. 

For  twenty-four  blooms,  twelve  to  be  incurved  and 
the  same  number  of  Japanese,  there  were  twelve 
competitors,  the  best  being  staged  by  Mr.  Barker, 
gr.  to  Lord  Hindiip,  Hmdlip  Hall,  the  Japanese 
being  very  fine,  whde  the  incurved  were  extra  large, 
though  rather  wanting  in  finish. 

For  eighteen  incurved  distinct,  Mr.  Barker  had  the 
best,  but  was  disqualified  for  staging  two  blooms  of 
Princess  of  Wales;  Mr.  W.  Comfort  accordingly 
received  1st  for  medium-s  /.?d,  but  neat  blooms. 

Mr.  Barker  was  to  the  fore  for  Japanese,  twelve 
varieties,  with  large,  even,  bright  blooms;  Mr.  R. 
Parker  was  a  close  2d. 

Mr.  Barker  was  again  to  the  front  for  twelve 
Anemone  bloom?. 

Mr.  A.  Johnson,  gr.  to  R.  Ramsden,  E^q.,  Knowle, 
was  1st  for  twenty-four  varieties,  distinct,  twcDe 
Japanese  and  twelve  incurved,  and  to  be  grown 
within  twelve  miles  of  Stephenson  Place,  and  very 
fine  they  weie. 

Reflexed  blooms  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Comfort, 
who  was  lit. 

Mr.  Brassier  took  leading  honours  in  the  miscel- 
laneous plant  class  of  nine  specimens  (Chrysanthe- 
mums excluded)  with  a  fine  group,  plants  of  Croton 
Vciichii  finely  coloured,  and  Callicarpa  purpurea  being 
best. 

MiSCELLWEOUS. 

Mr,  T.  B.  Thompson,  Spark  Hill  Nurseries,  Bir- 
mingham, showed  a  fine  group,  consisting  of  PaLns, 
Crotons,  Drac^nas,  Heaths,  and  Tulips,  eff.-ctively 
arranged. 

Mr.  Hans  Niemand,  Royal  Nurseries,  Harboine 
Road,  Edgbaston,  had  a  grotto  kind  of  arrangement 
of  richly  coloured  Ciotons,  finely  grown  Palms,  and 
Calla  cethiopica,  on  a  groundwork  ot  Ferns,  and  Pan  - 
cum ;  Roman  Hyacinths  and  other  plants  were  freely 
used.     These  two  groups  evoked  general  admiration. 

Messr?.  Pope  l^  Sons  staged  a  fine  bank  of  zonal 
Pelargonium?,  having  splendid  trusses  of  blooms  — 
about  one  hundred  plants  in  4S  sized  pots  ;  the  new 
semi-double  variety,  Le  Bruant,  rich  scarlet,  being  one 
of  the  most  noteworthy  kinds.  A  choice  collection 
of  wreaths  and  crosses  from  the  same  firm  were  much 
admired. 

Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  had  a 


choice  collection  of  cut  zonal   Pelargonium    blooms 
and  Chrysanthemums. 

Piimulas  were  well  shown  by  Messrs.  Thompson 
and  Messrs.  Pope  ;  and  Camellias  were  well  repre- 
sented by  Messrs.  Perkins,  Coventry;  Mr.  Hans 
N  emand,  and  others. 

A  well  arranged  group  of  Chrysanthemums  WiS 
sh)wn  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Horton,  gr.  to  R.  Chamberlain, 
E  q.,  Ejgbaston,  with  good  plants  bearing  fine 
bloom?. 

Fruit. 

Apples  were  shown  in  large  numbers,  450  dishes 
being  staged. 

Fur  a  collection  of  miscellaneous  fruit  of  six  dishes, 
distinct,  Mr.  E.  CJilmour,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury and  Talbot,  Ingestre  Hall,  was  1st  with  very 
fine  Alicante  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  G.apes,  and 
Charbtte  K  ithschild  Pine-apple,  all  good.  Mr. 
Parker  was  2d,  and  had  the  same  kinds  of  Grapes  in 
good  order. 

For  three  bunches  of  black  Grapes  Mr.  W.  J. 
Thornton,  gr.  to  W.  Bissano,  Esq.,  Old  Hill,  was 
1st,  wiih  Alicante,  fine. 

Mr.  Gilmour  took  leading  honours  for  white  Grapes 
(Muscats  excluded). 

Mr.  J.  Pass  was  1st  for  one  bunch  of  black  Grap:s, 
staging  Alicante  in  fine  condition. 

For  the  best  twelve  dishes  of  Apples,  six  to  be 
dessert  and  six  culinary  Mr.  W.  Bannister  was  1st, 
with  extra  fine  Yorkshire  Greening,  Peasgood's  Non- 
such, Ribston  Pippin,  and  King  of  the  Pippins. 

Mr.  Mason  won  lU  prize  for  six  dishes,  half 
culinary  others  dessert,  with  fine  produce. 

For  twelve  dishes  Pears,  distinct  varieties,  Mr. 
Birker  was  awarded  the  1st  prize. 

Very  fine  collections  of  Apples  came  from  Messrs. 
R.  Smith  &  Co,,  Worcester,  and  Mr.  Bunyard,  Kent, 
consisting  of  about  lOO  dishes  in  each  collection  of  the 
finest  varieties,  highly  coloured.  To  these  collections 
were  awarded  Certificates  of  Merit. 


LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL, 

The  seventh  show  of  this  Society  was  opened  on 
Tuesday  in  the  dreariest  of  weathers.  Never  before 
was  such  a  grand  exhibition  of  cut  flowers  and  fruit 
seen  in  Liverpool  at  this  season  of  the  year  ;  the  cut 
fl  jwers  were  superb,  the  incurves  were  by  far  the  best 
we  have  seen  this  season,  and  Japanese  quite  up  to 
the  mark  ;  the  ist  prize  lot  were  indeed  a  grand  f.ny- 
eight. 

We  have  seen  larger  and  better  specimen  of  incurved 
kind,  but  the  pompons  were  very  fine. 

In  the  plant  clarses,  prizes  were  well  competed  for 
in  all  departments.  Stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
were  well  done. 

Amongst  orchids,  although  not  great  in  quantity, 
some  good  things  were  shrA'n;  the  Ist  priz^  lot, 
from  Mr.  H.  Taif,  jan  ,  gardener  to  J,  Edwards, 
E^q  ,  contained  a  magnificent  specimen  of  Oncidium 
varJ:osum  with  two  grand  branching  spikes  — one  of 
the  best  we  have  seen  for  some  time. 

Table  plants  were  very  good,  several  good  collec- 
tions being  staged.  Primulas  and  Cyclamens  were  poor, 
but  Roman  Hyacinths,  Mignonette,  and  Epiphyllums 
were  good. 

Tne  cut  flowers,  taken  all  round,  were  excellent,  the 
leading  class  being  well  filled  ;  the  quality  of  the 
flowers  was  as  good  as  possible. 

A  new  feature  was  introduced  by  the  committee 
offering  a  piize  for  six  Japanese  and  six  incurved,  to 
be  competed  for  by  those  who  have  never  won  a 
prizi.  This  was  well  responded  to,  some  excellent 
flowers  being  staged,  which  speaks  well  for  the 
future  prospect  of  the  culture  of  this  favourite  flower. 
The  pr-z^  for  the  premier  flower,  both  incurved  and 
Japanese,  was  found  in  the  stand  of  Mr  Wilson,  gr. 
to  J.  E.  Reynolds,  Esq,,  Sandford  Park,  the  former 
being  a  grand  flower  of  Lord  Alcester,  and  the  latter 
an  equally  fine  examples  of  Boule  d'Or. 

Fruit 
made  a  most  magnificent  display,  especially  Grapes, 
which  were  fine  in  colour  and  finish,  about  136 
bunches  being  put  up.  Those  from  Mr.  Goodacre, 
of  Elvaston,  Mr.  Lindsay,  and  Mr.  Hollingsworih 
being  particularly  fine.  The  Pine-apples  shown  were 
both  numerous  and  good  ;  Apples  and  Pears  also. 
Mr.  Mackenzie,  of  Linton  Park.  Maidstone,  was  suc- 
cessful in  these  classes ;  and  Mr.  Goodacre  took  1st 
for  both  the  collection  of  twelve  and  six  varieties 
of  fruit  with  a  grand  lot. 

In  the  miscellaneous  exhibits,  Messrs.  Kerr  &  Sons, 
Aigburth,  showed  a  magnificent  group  of  well  grown 
Cyclamen  and  Roman  Hyacinths  on  a  groundwork  of 
Maidenhair,  nicely  relieved  by  Cocos  Weddelliana, 
producing  a  fine  effect,  and  was  Hij^hly  Commended. 

The  same  award  was  made  to  Mr.  Cowan,  of 
Gariton,  for  a  ^r.up  tf  miniature  grown  and  well 
flowered  Chrysanthemums,  Ericas,  Ferns,  six  foliaged 
plants, 

Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson,  Chester,  were  Highly 
Commended  for  Tree  Carnations  in  flower,  and  for  a 
collection  of  fruit,  &c. 


728 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


i^December  4,  1886. 


Mr.  Wm.  Cutbush,  of  Hlgh^ate,  contributed  a 
collection  of  miscellaneous  plants  suitable  for  decora- 
tive purposes. 

Messrs.  Rylance  showed  a  collection  of  fruit,  as  did 
Mr.  Smith  of  Rock  Ferry. 

The  attendance  was  very  large,  the  large  hall  being 
crowded  with  visitors  during  the  time  the  show 
remained  open.  It  is  pleasing  to  record,  that  the 
decision  of  the  judges  gave  the  greatest  satisfaction  to 
all  concerned. 


JrADE     ]^0TICE3. 


Owing  to  continued  ill-health,  Mr.  C.  Young  is 
compelled  to  withdraw  from  active  life,  and  to 
relinquish  the  home  business  at  Upper  Tooting  Park 
Nursery,  which  he  has  carried  on  for  the  last  quarter 
of  a  century.  He  has  disposed  of  the  above  nursery 
and  stock-in-trade  to  Mr.  John  R.  Box,  formerly 
partner  with  Mr.  John  Laing,  Stanstead  Park 
Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

We  understand  that  Mr,  J.  H.  Heathman,  who 
was  formerly  employed  by  Messrs.  Merryweather  & 
Sons  at  63,  Long  Acre,  W.C,  is  no  longer  in  their 
service,  and  is  not  authorised  to  represent  them  in 
any  respect. 


THE  POTATO  TERCENTENARY. 

The  Conference. 

Mr.  Carruthebs,  P.L.S,,  took  the  chair  at  the 
inaugural  meeting  on  Thursday.  The  first  paper 
read  was  one  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Mitchell,  entitled,  "  His- 
roric  Consideration  of  the  question  whence  came  the 
Potato  to  England."  Mr.  Mitchell's  paper  has  already 
appeared  in  substance  in  our  columns.  It  must  here 
suffice  to  say  that  the  author  in  his  paper  sifted  the 
evidence  of  the  arrival  of  the  Potato  in  England,  and 
discussed  such  points  as  the  first  illustration  of  the 
plant  which  appeared  in  the  first  edition  of  Gerard's 
//«-^a/of  1597,  the  fact  that  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  was 
never  in  Virginia,  and  that  the  Potato  of  Sir  John 
Hawkins  was  the  Sweet  Potato,  Convolvulus  Batatas. 
Drake,  he  considered,  might  have  obtained  it  in  the 
open  market  at  Car.hagena,  or  possibly  from  some 
Spanish  ship  boarded  and  plundered  by  him  in  the 
open  sea. 

The  paper  on  "  Drake's  Expedition  of  1586,"  by 
Mr.  W.  Herries  Pollock,  M.A.,  was  read  by  Sir 
Richard  Pollock. 

The  important  paper  on  "  Cultivation  by  the  Incas 
and  other  Andean  Nations,"  read  by  Mr.  Clements 
Markham,  proved  even  more  interesting  than  its 
hearers  had  anticipated.  The  ancient  civilisation  of 
that  Master-Race,  the  Incas,  or  "Children  of  the  Sun," 
and  especially  their  agricultural  economy,  wasdescribed 
in  eloquent  language  and  in  attractive  detail.  Many 
facts  were  brought  to  view  probably  for  the  first  time, 
in  the  course  of  this  paper,  and  which  will  have  to 
be  carefully  weighed  in  future  both  by  botanists  and 
historical  inquirers.  With  regard  to  the  way  in 
which  the  Potato  came  to  us  from  Virginia  Mr. 
Carrutbers  significantly  remarked  that  a  plant  may 
be  embarked  from  a  certain  port  without  necessarily 
being  a  native  of  the  adjacent  country,  and  we  may 
readily  believe,  from  what  Mr.  Clements  Mark- 
ham  has  so  forcibly  brought  before  us,  that  the 
Potato  may  have  reached  Virginia  from  the  South, 
as  it  certainly  did  Carthagena,  as  a  food 
plant,  introduced  for  its  merits.  Mr.  Markham's 
paper  greatly  strengthens  this  position,  showing,  as 
it  does,  that  the  Potato,  on  the  arrival  of  the 
Spaniards,  was  spread  over  70°  or  75°  of  latitude, 
extending  from  Chili  to  Colombia,  as  a  plant  of 
utility,  important  in  the  agriculture  of  that  wide 
region,  and  existing  in  numerous  cultivated  varieties. 
The  "Children  of  the  Sun,"  said  Mr.  Markham, 
deserve  our  gratitude  for  having  detected  the  merits 
of  the  wild  Potato,  and  for  having  first  improved 
it  and  handed  it  over  to  other  nations  as  one 
of  the  most  important  food  plants  of  the  world. 
It  seems  that  nine  "best  sorts"  were  grown  on 
a  site  not  far  distant  from  Callao,  7000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  they  are  described  in  the 
paper  as  of  excellent  quality.  It  is  difficult  to  avoid 
the  conclusion  that  an  esculent  of  so  much  merit,  and 
one  so  widely  known,  may  have  reached  Virginia 
centuries  before  the  period  of  Sir  Francis  Drake. 
Mr.  Baker,   before  reading  his  own  paper  on  the 


wild  species  of  Potatos  as  at  present  recognised,  alluded 
in  enthusiastic  terms  to  Mr.  Markham's  paper. 

A  paper  on  "The  Introduction  of  the  Potato  into 
France  "  was  read  by  M.  Henry  L   de  Vilmorin. 

"  The  Potato  Disease"  was  the  last  subject  on  the 
card  for  discussion,  but  the  time  at  which  we  had  to 
go  to  press  prevented  our  obtaining  any  report  of 
these  papers,  or  of  those  read  on  Friday  ;  hence  we 
must  defer  further  mention  of  them  till  our  next  issue. 

The  Exhibition. 

The  competitive  exhibition  of  Potatos  comprised 
two  classes— the  first  for  collections  of  not  less  than 
six  and  not  more  than  twelve  varieties,  twelve  tubers 
of  each  being  shown,  and  as  these  were  exhibited,  six 
on  each  plate,  a  collection  of  twelve  varieties  was 
actually  enlarged  to  twenty-four  dishes.  Three  prizes 
were  offered,  viz  ,  a  Gold  Medal,  a  Silver  Medal,  and 
a  Bronze  Medal,  commemorative  of  the  Tercentenary 
Exhibition.  In  the  other  class  a  Silver  Medal  was 
awarded  for  the  best  new  variety  of  Potato  produced 
during  the  last  two  years  and  not  yet  in  the  market. 
S^me  twenty-six  collections  competed  in  the  first 
class,  and  the  Gold  Medal  was  awarded  to  Mr.  E. 
Chopping.  Periwinkle  Mills,  Milton,  near  Sitting- 
bourne,  who  had  a  remarkably  good  collection  for 
the  season  of  the  year,  con.cisting  of  white  rounds:  — 
Schoolmaster  and  the  Colonel  ;  white  kidneys. 
Abundance  and  Chancellor  ;  coloured  rounds,  Adiron- 
dack, Village  Blacksmith.  Reading  Russet,  and  Purple 
Perfection  ;  coloured  kidneys,  Reading  Ruby  and 
Belle,  in  the  way  of  Queen  of  the  Valley  ;  Rufus  and 
White  Elephant.  The  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  J.  H.  Diver,  Pitshill,  Petworth,  Sussex,  also 
with  a  very  good  lot,  consisting  of  while  rounds:  — 
Washington  Hero  and  Schoolmaster  ;  white  kidneys  : 
Reading  Giant,  International,  and  Snowflake  ; 
coloured  rounds  :  Reading  Russet,  The  Dean,  Vicar 
of  Laleham,  and  Adirondack  ;  coloured  kidneys  : 
Mr.  Breesee,  White  Elephant,  and  Edgcote  Purple. 
The  Bronze  Medal  went  to  Mr.  William  Ker,  Dir- 
garvel,  Dumfries,  who  had  of  white  rounds  :  Mam- 
moth Pearl.  Schoolmaster,  and  Eclipse  ;  coloured 
rounds  :  Village  B'acksmiih,  Adirondac't,  (lueen  of 
the  Valley,  and  Vicar  of  Laleham  ;  while  kidneys  : 
International,  Snowdrop,  and  Chancellor ;  coloured 
kidneys  :  Mr.  Breesee  and  White  Elephant.  The  fol- 
lowing collections  were  highly  commended  : — From 
Mr.  E.  S.  Wiles,  The  Gardens,  Edgcote  Park,  Ban- 
bury ;  Mr.  J.  Hughes,  The  Gardens,  Eydon  Hall, 
Byfield,  both  showing  collections  of  twelve  and  six 
varieties;  and  Mr.  C.  Fidler,  potato  grower,  Reading, 
for  three  collections,  comprising  seventy-two  dishes, 
nearly  all  dissimilar,  and  considered  to  be  a  good 
representative  collection. 

Among  the  collections  not  for  competition  was  one 
of  about  150  dishes,  shown  by  Mr.  John  Watkins, 
Pomona  Farm,  Hereford,  the  most  attractive-looking 
being  Village  Blacksmith,  Fidler's  Enterprise,  The 
Dean,  Edgcote  Purple,  Reading  Russet,  Adirondack, 
Vicar  of  Laleham,  Scotch  Blue,  and  Pride  of  Ontario. 
Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Centre  Row,  Covent  Garden, 
also  showed  a  collection,  including  good  samples  of 
Adirondack,  London  Hero,  Chancellor,  Edgcote 
Purple,  Hooper's  Paragon,  The  Dean,  Reading 
Russet,  &c.  Messrs.  Vilmorin  &  Co.,  of  Paris  and 
London,  exhibit  a  dozen  dishes  of  French  varieties  of 
Potatos,  including  Saucisse,  red  kidney ;  Joseph 
Rigault,  white  kidney ;  Princesse,  white  kidney ; 
Marjolin  Tetard,  white  kidney  ;  Seville  d'Orti,  white 
kidney ;  and  Blanchard,  round.  Also  some  shallow 
wicker  baskets,  in  which  sprouted  seed  Potatos  are 
placed  and  sent  away  to  their  customers. 

Mr.  M.  J.  C.  Buckley,  of  London,  exhibited  some 
souvenirs  from  Raleigh  House,  Voughal,  Co.  Cork, 
including  a  photograph  showing  the  oriel  window 
to  which  Raleigh  so  much  referred— the  spot  where  it 
is  believed  the  first  Potato  introduced  to  Ireland  by 
Raleigh  was  grown,  and  the  Yew  tree  under  which  he 
and  Spenser  sat,  and  where  it  is  believed  Spenser 
composed  a  great  portion  of  his  Fairie  Queene. 
Accompanying  it  was  a  peculiar  shovel  used  by  the 
Irish  labourers  in  lifting  Potatos,  a  wicker  basket 
commonly  used  for  the  dug  Potatos,  a  small  beech 
pail  out  of  which  they  drink  butter-milk,  and  samples 
of  the  white  Rock  Potato  grown  in  that  part  of  the 
country. 

There  were  nine  entries  for  the  special  Silver  Medal 
for  the  best  new  Potato  not  yet  in  commerce  ;  and 
after  the  samples  had  been  carefully  cooked  on  the  spot 
in  one  of  Bower's  patent  Potato-steamers  the  Medal 
was   awarded    to   Mr.   James  JLye,    The    Gardens, 


Clyfife  Hall,  Market  Lavington,  Wilts,'for  Clipper,  a 
white  round' of  a  refined  Regent  type,  handsome, 
early,  a  good  cropper,  and  promising  to  make  an 
excellent  market  variety.  The  next  two  best  were 
King  of  Russets,  also  from  Mr.  Lye,  a  good-looking 
red  round,  of  the  character  of  Adirondack,  but  deeper 
in  colour,  being  russety-red ;  and  Mottled  Beauty, 
from  Mr.  E.  S.  Wiles,  a  rather  large  and  handsome 
pale  kidney,  mottled  with  dull  wine-brown,  like 
Fidler's  Enterprise,  yellow  flesh,  and,  like  King  of 
Russets,  cooks  dry  and  floury. 


©tjftuats* 

William  Fromow.— We  learn  with  regret  of  the 
death,  in  his  seventy-second  year,  of  Mr.  Fromow, 
of  the  Sutton  Court  Nurseries,  Chiswick.  Born  in 
July,  1815,  at  Attleborough,  Norfolk,  he  came  to 
Chiswick  in  1829  with  his  father,  who  established 
in  a  very  small  way  the  business  now  known 
as  W.  Fromow  &  Sons.  About  a  year  and  a  half 
after  settling  in  Chiswick  Mr.  Fromow  died,  leaving 
the  nursery  in  the  hands  of  his  son  (who  was  only 
about  fifteen  years  old  at  the  time)  and  widow.  Lat- 
terly Mr.  Fromow's  sons  have  been  carrying  on  the 
business,  which  they  have  also  considerably  extended. 
Mr.  Fromow  died  rather  suddenly,  on  November  27, 
from  an  affection  of  the  heart. 

Mr.  Charles  Green. — We  regret  to  announce 
the  deaih  of  Mr.  Charles  Green,  tormerly  Head 
Grrdener  to  Mr.  Wilson  Saunders,  and  more  recently 
to  Sir  G.  Macleay,  Bart.,  Pendell  Court.  He  was 
a  fuequent  contributor  to  the  columns  of  this  journal, 
his  extensive  knowledge  of  plants,  especially  of  rare 
and  almost  forgotten  species,  and  his  skill  as  a 
cultivator  rendering  his  articles  of  great  va'ue  to 
gardeners. 


C^e  Meatier. 

STATE  OF  THE  WE  A  THER  A  7  BLACKHEA  TH.  LOXDON 
For  the  Week  endimg  Wednesday,  Deckmbfr  t.  1S86. 


1 

Hygrome- 
tncal    De- 

Q 

Barometer. 

Temperati'rf.  of 
THE  Am. 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  slh 
Edition. 

Wind. 

J 

•a 

X 

1 

1 

1 

§1 
S 

jp 

1 
Q 

0  jg 

°  =  l 

^ 

Nov. 

In. 

In.       „ 

„ 

^ 

^ 

^ 

In. 

25 

30.42 

-1-0.73  46.0 

29.0 

17.0 

38.6 

-  30 

37.6 

97 

N.E. 

3.00 

36 

30.37 

H-aejU-o 

36s 

II. 5 

43.3 

-f  >.7 

41  9 

9S 

N.E. 

0.00 

»7 

30-32 

-(-0.6246.0 

41.0 

SO 

43.8 

+  3.340.0 

88 

N.E. 

0.00 

38 

30.16 

-1-04549.6  40.0 

68 

43  I 

+   I.SJ4I.I 

93 

S.E. 

a. CO 

29 

2963 

-aio|49.8|4i.o 

8.8 

46, 

-1-    4443.0 

86 

S.W. 

0.04 

^... 

39  « 

-3.23 

43-5 

33  S 

10.0 

33  6 

-  3135-3 

89 

N.W. 

0.00 

3971 

-0.02 

4' -5 

27.5 

14.0 

3S-6 

—    6.1396 

78 

N.W. 

o.«. 

Mean 

30.01 

-1-3.3, 

4S  9  3S.5 

.0.4 

4.3 

-I-   0.538.3 

89 

N.E. 

0.f4 

fine  with   thin  mist 


Nov.  25. — Dense  cold  fog   till 
afterwards. 

—  26.— Fine,  but  dull  and  overcast  all  day. 

—  27.— Very  dull  and  overcast  throughout. 

—  28. —Mist  in  early  morning,  overcast  all  day. 

—  29.  — Wet  tilt  10  A.M.,  fine  and  bright  afternoon. 

—  30.-  Fine  and  bright  morning,  dull  and  overcast  after- 


De, 


-Fine  and  bright  day,  dull  at  t 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  November  27,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  30.36 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  30.73  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  24th,  deci  eased  to  30.58 
inches  by  the  afternoon  of  the  25th,  increased  to  30  60 
inches  by  the  morning  of  the  26th,  and  was  30.49 
inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  30.56  inches,  being 
0.72  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.68  inch  above 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— T^e  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  49°.  6  on  the  21st ;  the  highest 


December  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


729 


on  the  24th  was  39°.  5.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  45*-5' 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  27°*2  on  the  24lh  ; 
the  lowest  ot  ihe  2 1st  was  45°.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  34°.  2. 

The  greatest  range  o(  temperature  in  one  day  was 
17°  on  the  25th  ;  the  smallest  was  4°.6  on  the  2Ist. 
The  mean  ot  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  ii°.3. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were  47°.  5  on  the 
2ist,  38'.9  on  the  22 1,  33°.3  on  the  23d,  33°5  on 
the  24th,  38°.6  on  the  25[h,  43°.4  on  the  26th, 
and  43° .8  on  the  27ih.  These  were  above  their 
averages  on  the  21st,  26:h,  and  27ih  by  5°. 8,  i°.7, 
and  2°.  2  above,  and  below  on  the  22d,  23d,  24' h, 
and  25th  by  2'.S,  S'.4,  8'.I,  and  3°  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  39*.8, 
being  5°.3  lower  than  last  week,  and  I°.8  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  80°  on  the  2  2d.  The  mean  of  th«  seven  readings 
was  5S''.4 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  one  day  to  the  amount  ol 
0.02  inch. 

Engl\nd  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  27.  the  highest  temperatures  were  56* 
at  Leeds,  55°  at  Truro,  and  54°.8  at  Plymouth  ;  the 
highest  at  Blackheath  was  49°.6,  at  Liverpool  49°. 9, 
and  at  Sheffield  51°.     The  general  mean  was  52°. 5. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Cambridge  25°.5, 
at  Blackheath  27°. 2,  and  at  Hull  29° ;  the  lowest  at 
Liverpool  was  4o''.3,  at  Preston  40°,  and  at  Plymouth 
36°.     The  general  mean  was  32°. 7. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Cam- 
bridge 25°. 6,  at  Hull  25°,  and  at  Leeds  24°  ;  the 
least  ranges  were  9°. 6  at  Liverpool,  13^  at  Preston, 
and  I7°.3  at  Brighton.     The  general  mean  was  I9°.8. 

The  mean  ot  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro  52. °9,  at  Plymouth  5l'.S,  and  at 
Leeds  50°  ;  and  lowest  at  Blackheath  45°.5,  at  Cam- 
bridge 46°.  5,  and  at  Hull  46°.  7.  The  general  mean 
was  48°.  4. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  43°.6,  at  Liverpool  43°. 2  and  at 
Preston  42°. 7  ;  and  was  lowest  at  Hull  34°.!,  at 
Blackheath  34°.2,  and  at  Cambridge  34°.7.  The 
general  mean  was  38°.  8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  greatest  at 
Sunderland,  t3°.8,  at  Hull  I2°.6,  and  at  Cambridge 
11°. 8  ;  and  least  at  Liverpool,  4°. 7,  at  Preston  5°. 6, 
and  at  Brighton  7°.$.     The  general  mean  was  9°.6. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  48°, 
at  Plymouth  46°.4,  and  at  Liverpool  45^4;  and 
lowest  at  Blackheath,  39°.8,  at  Hull  40°.2,  and  at 
Cambridge  40.  "4.     The  general  mean  was  43°.  4. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  o  08  inch  at  Liver- 
pool, 0.07  inch  at  Preston,  and  0.06  inch  at  Truro. 
No  rain  fell  at  several  stations.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  0.03  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing November  27,  the  highest  temperature  was  57° 
at  Glasgow  and  Paisley  ;  the  highest  at  Leith  was 
52°.4.     The  general  mean  was  55°.3. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  28'.4  at  Dundee  ;  the 
lowest  at  Greenock  was  35°.  2.  The  general  mean 
was  31°. 8. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Edinburgh, 
45*.3  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  42°.2.  The  general 
mean  was  44°. 

A'oi'n.— The  largest  fall  was  0.40  inch  at  Perth  ;  no 

rain  fell  at  Dundee.     The  general  mean  fall  was  o.  II 

inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


perfection,  though  of  inferior  kinds,  will  often  beat 
the  better  sorts  not  so  well  matured."  His  know- 
ledge of  trees  in  general  was  as  profound  as  his  pomo- 
l)^..;  I  earning.  .  .  .  We  walked  from  Maidstone, 
reaching  L;eds  Castle  early  in  the  afternoon.  After 
lunch  we  were  introduced  to  the  Peach  border.  It 
was  of  considerable  length,  and  fully  8  feet  wide, 
stocked  with  trees  of  vigorous  growth,  but  totally 
without  fruit.  '  I  should  imigine,'  said  Mr.  Rivers, 
smiling,  'that  the  Peach  border  must  be  a  nice  little 
annuity  for  some  Maidstone  gardener.  I  should  like 
you,  sir,  to  see  Roach  Smith's  Peach  trees.  I  am 
not  sure  they  have  any  borders  at  all  ;  the  roots  of 
the  trees  are  under  gravel  walks.  Your  trees  are  fed 
by  rich  earth,  which  promotes  this  exuberant  growth 
of  wood  and  causes  barrenness  in  fruit.*  He  then 
gave  directions  that  the  ground  should  be  laid  open  ; 
that  clay  should  be  laid  upon  the  roots  after  root- 
pruning,  and  that  a  gravel  path  should  be  made 
within  a  foot  from  the  wall. 


Variorum. 

Thomas  Rivers.  —  The  following  anecdote  is 
extracted  from  the  second  volume  of  Mr.  Roach 
Smith'sJ?«/roi/irrf!i»«J.-—"  I  accompanied  from  Temple 
Place  the  eminent  gardener,  Mr.  Thomas  Rivers,  to 
Leeds  Castle,  by  invitation,  to  inspect  a  Peach  border 
in  which  the  tre«s  were  in  a  most  flourishing  condi- 
tion in  respect  to  foliage  and  wood,  but  they  did  not 
produce  fruit.  It  was  autumn,  and  this  year  my 
Peach  trees  at  Temple  Place  bore  abundantly.  Mr. 
Rivers'  practised  eye  enabled  him  in  a  moment  to 
name  the  different  kinds.  T.asting  an  Early  Anne, 
he  remarked,  "  Now  this  is  a  Peach  we  consider 
quite  second-rate,  but  here  it  is  in  perfection,  and 
very   delicious.     It  is  ever  the  case  ;  fruits  in  high 


^nq 


uirits. 

"  He  thai  quesiionetk  muck  shall  team  tHuck." — Bacon. 

Bee  Plants  :  T.  B.  S.  would  be  glad  to  have  the 
name  of  any  nurseryman  who  sells  seeds  of  plants  good 
for  bee  food. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE.  —  Members  of  tho  Trade  will 
oQllge  by  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
Interest,  Cultural  or  Commercial.  Short  notes  of 
dally  experience  are  what  are  most  useful. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Hogg  &  Wood,  Coldstream  and  Dunse,  N.  B. — Nursery 

Stock. 
Cromptos  &  Fawkes,  Anchor  Works,  Chelmsford — 

Horticiilmral  Buildings. 
PuTZ  &  Roes,  Enurt,  Prussia— Trade  Seed  List. 
W.   M.    PiLLiNGER  &  Co.,    Chepstow— Forest  Trees, 

Conifers,  &c. 
Alexander  E.  Campbell,   Cove  Gardens,  Gourock, 

N,  B.  — Hybrid  Gladioli. 
William  Fell  &  Co..  Hexham,    Northumberland  — 

Trees.  Shrubs,  and  Plants. 
Heinr,  Stauss,  Ehrenlield,  near  Koln,  Germany— New 

Seed  List. 

COMMUN-ICATION.!  RECEIVED  1— T.   C— W.   H.   P.  -P.   B.  &  S. 

-J.  W.-M.  D.-A  M  C— H.  S— E.  G.-Re»der  (your 
sujg.-stion  w  II  be  adopted  some  time  ere  long).-B.  — H.  E. 
-H.  W  W.-J.  R.-R.  D.-A.  H.-W.  T.  C. -A.  Cud- 
worth.— J.  H.  H.-J.  R.  J,-N.  E.  B  -T.  Moore  -J.  F.— 
Diss.- J.  A— Wild  Rose.-W.  E.— W  H.  R.-Messrs. 
Rovelli,  P.ilanz.1.— M.  Naudin.  An'ibes.-H  CacinelL- 
R.  A.  R.-M,  Baysman.  Middlebur^h.— J.  G.  B.— J.  T.  B., 
letter  will  l„llow.-D.  M,,  Kew  (thanks). -J.  B.— St.  G.  M. 
— H.  C.-H.  H  D.  0,-D.  L.-T.  H.  P.— A.  W.  S.-T.  M. 
T.  N,-G.  S.  N. 


Ascot  Show  :  Addenda.  On  the  last  evening  of  the 
Ascot  Chrysanthemum  Show,  Messrs.  Standish  &  Co. 
presented  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Ponsonby  with  a  splendid 
bouquet  ;  the  firm  was  also  awarded  the  Silver  Medal 
of  the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society  for  a  group 
of  Chrysanthemums,  and  two  Awards  ol  Merit  for  the 
group  of  foliage  plants  and  cut  Bouvardias,  &c. 

Bulbs  :  A.  C.  The  bulbs  which  you  send  are  attacked 
by  the  Eucharis  mite,  to  which  we  have  so  Irequently 
referred.     Burn  the  affected  bulbs. 

Carnations  :  G.  M.  Your  plants  are  eaten  up  by 
minute  worms,  easily  visible  by  a  low  power  of  the 
microscope.  They  were  figured  at  p.  72r.  vol.  xvi. , 
i88r.  We  are  afraid  you  can  do  nothing  but  burn 
the  stock  and  start  again  in  fresh  soil. 

Celery  :  .-f.  C.  The  variety  which  you  name  is  consi- 
dered to  be  one  of  the  besL  The  leaf  sent  is  attacked 
by  the  fungus  Puccinia  buUata,  of  which  an  illustration 
will  be  given  next  week.  You  had  better  burn  the 
diseased  plants. 

Chrysanthemum  Mrs.  Norman  Davis  :  E.  Mizen. 
This  is  a  very  fine  incurved  sport  from  Princess  of 
Teck,  clear  sulphur-yellow.  It  does  not  excel  Mrs. 
Bunn,  which  is  nearly  of  the  same  tint ;  but  being  a 
late  bloomer  it  is  an  acquisition. 

Chrysanthemum  Sport  :  W.  B.  S.  The  flower 
resembles  Roseum  striatum,  but,  as  seen,  it  is  not  so 
good  a  flower.  It  may  come  another  season  in  tietter 
form,  or  it  may  revert. 

Eucharis  Mite  :  J.  H.  b"  S.  You  will  find  a  figure 
of  this  in  our  columns  for  April  4,  1885.  p.  440. 

Lvcaste  Skinneri  :  L.  S.  W.  This  Orchid  seldom 
produces  two  flowers  on  a  spike,  although  the  incipient 
flower-bud  is  often  present,  but  it  usually  comes  to 
nothing. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  G.  T.  C.  Duchesse  d'AngouWme. 
— E.   W.     Van  Mons'  Lion  Leclerc. 

Names  of  Plants  :  Southampton.  Plectranthus  bar- 
batus.— IK  A".  C.  P.  I,  Malva  purpurata.— /W.  R.  S. 
Scabious  species  :  cannot  say  which  from  unopened 
immature  blooms.  —  J.  IV.  W.  Hakea  laurina.  — 
Pilltnger  b'  Co.  We  cannot  name  plants  from  a 
single  leaf.—/?.  C.  K.  Laelia  praestans.- 7.  H.  i, 
Hsemanthus  albo  punctalus  ;  2.  Erica  melanthera  ; 
3,  Adiantum  Capillus-veneris  var.  ;  4,  Vanda  leaf 
has  "spot,"  grow  it  cooler  and  nearer  the  glass  ;  s, 
Maxillaria  punctata  ;  7.  Epidendrum  ciliare,  a  very 
low  form. — J.  Fox.     Abies  nobiUs  var. 

Pruning  Apple  Trees  :  5.  W.  W.  You  may  prune 
the  trees  at  any  time  during  mild  weather.  The 
Pears  that  bloom  and  do  not  fruit  require  root- 
pruning,  or,  better,  lifting  and  replanting  in  less  rich 
soil. 

Sweet  William  Leaves  :  7".  H.  P.  Your  plants  are 
aflTected  with  the  fungus  described  and  figured  in  our 
number  for  August  21,  1886. 

UVA  Grass  :  J.  P.  What  is  meant  is  probably  Ulva- 
grass,  Zostera  marina,  which  is  generally  known  as 
the  grass  used  by  upholsterers  for  stuffing  mattrasses, 
&c.,  and  which  was  at  one  time  recommended  as  a 
material  for  making  paper. 

VANDA  ccerulea:  J.  Waldii.  The  flower  is  a  very 
fine  one. 


larluts* 


CO  VENT   GARDEN,    December   2. 

[Thb  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  ui  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  dale  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  bat  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  price  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.   £d.] 

Large  consignments  of  Nova  Scotia,  Canada,  and 
Boston  Apples  to  hand,  prices  ruling  low.  Hothouse 
fruit  in  good  supply,  with  short  demand,  without  altera- 
tion. James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Veg; 

Artichokes,  perdoz. 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozer 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb. 
Carrots,  per  bunch.. 
CauUfiowers,  per  doz. 
Celery,  per  bundle.. 
Cucumbers,  each  ., 
Endive,  per  dozen  . . 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . . 
Leeks,  per  bunch  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen., 

PoTATos :  —  Kent 
Beauty  of  Hebr 


-Average  Retail  Prices. 


Onions,  per  bushel..  3  1 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  ( 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ..    4  < 


Regents,  8or.  to  looi.  ;  Schoolmasters,  70J.  ; 
m,  loof.  ;  Magnums,  60s.  to  Sox.  per  ton. 


IN  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-iS  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvardias,  doz.  ..  9  0-12  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  a-i8  o 
Cypenis,  per  dozen..  4  o~i2  o 
Dracsena   terminalis, 

per  dozen  ..         ..30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Epiphyllum.  dozen..  18  0-30  o 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...    9  0-12  o 

—  hyemalis,  doz.  ..18  0-24  o 

—  rcgerminans,doz.  8  0-12  o 

Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ,.  ..6  a-i8  o 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..61 

Ficus  elastica  each..  1  ( 

Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  c 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..  6  < 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  4  c 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  c 
Palms  in  var.,  each  3  ( 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz.  • .  3  ( 
Primula  sinensis,doz.  4  < 
SoiaRums,  per  dozen  g  c 


Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  . . 
Bouvardias.  per  bun. 
Camellias,  12  blooms 
Carnations,  12  blms. 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms. 

—  12  bunches 
Eucharis,    per  dozen 

Heliotrope, 


2  blooms  : 


.^ ,  white,  bun. 

Lapageria,  red,  12  bl. 


Marguerites,    per 
Mignonette 


Pelargoniums,  per  is 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  < 
Primulas,    single,    12 

Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  : 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.   1 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .  i 

—  red,  French,  doz.   i 

—  Saffrano,  Fr.,  doz.  • 
Step'ianotis,    12   spr.   j 
Tropa-olums,  12  bun. 
Tuberoses.    12  blms., 
Violets,  12  bunches..   : 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  . .         . .  ; 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch  j 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Dec  i. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report  the  market 
to-day  as  quiet,  with  a  firm  feeling  for  all  descriptions. 
Red  Clover  seed  is  very  steady  ;  there  will  be  very  little 
choice  new  English  this  season.  Trefoils  continue  to 
tend  in  an  upward  direction.  There  is  no  change  iq 
either  white  Clover  or  Alsike.  Rye-grasses  are  more  in 
favour,  the  advance  in  perennials  being  fully  maintaine  d. 


730 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


Decembkr  4,  1886. 


Despite  some  heavy  arrivals  of  Canary  seed  the  article  is 
still  strong.  Rape  seed  remains  unaltered.  Temptingly 
low  rates  now  prevail  for  Hemp  seed.  More  attention 
is  being  devoted  to  blue  Peas.  Haricots  are  good  and 
cheap.     Linseed  is  easier. 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Nov.  2g. — Excepting  ior  Australian 
and  Indian  no  advance  was  quoted  to-day  for  either 
English  or  foreign  Wheat,  but  at  the  current  rates  of 
this  day  week  holders  were  firm.  There  was  only  a 
limited  business,  purchases  being  confined  chiefly  to 
small  quantities.  English  white  Wheats  ranged  up  to 
36/.  6(1,  and  red  up  to  35^.  Flour,  with  a  moderate 
inquiry,  was  fully  supported.  The  Barley  trade  was 
inactive,  and  quotations  were  nominally  unaltered. 
Beans  were  dearer.  Peas  were  6d.  to  is.  higher.  For 
Oats  buyers  operated  with  reserve  :  prices  were  weaker. 

Di:c.  I. — The  hardening  of  prices  for  most  kinds  of 
grain  continued.  The  demand  for  Wheat  was  limited, 
but  prices  follow  the  upward  movement,  and  ^d.  over 
Monday's  rates  have  been  paid  for  Russian,  American, 
and  Indian.  Flour  was  if  anything  still  firmer,  and  for 
reputed  marks  of  American  31/.  to  6(f,  advance  was 
quoted.  Barley  was  quiet.  Beans  were  a  very  strong 
market,  and  tending  against  buyers.  Peas  were  scarce, 
and  dearer  to  buy.  Maize  was  in  scanty  supply,  and 
hardening  in  value.  Oats  were  dull  of  sale,  and  stocks 
heavy. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Nov.  27  ; — 
Wheat,  31J.  x\d.  ;  Barley,  27^.  70'.  ;  Oats,  i6j.  ^d.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year  : — Wheat,  30/.  9^/.  ; 
Barley,  29^.  6d.  ;  Oats,  i8j.  ']d. 


FRUIT    AND    VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London):  Dec.  1.— Trade  has  been 
brisk  at  the  following  quotations: — Apples,  y.  6d.  to 
•js.  6d.  per  bushel  ;  Pears,  4J.  to  lof,  do.  ;  Brussels 
Sprouts,  I.T.  to  IS.  6d.  per  half  sieve  ;  Spinach,  is.  to 
2s.  per  sieve ;  Cauliflowers,  is.  to  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Cab- 
bages, 2s.  to  2t.  6d.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  is.  6d.  to  3^.  do.  ; 
Onions,  31.  6d.  to  4s.  yi.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  20s.  to  28^. 
per  ton  ;  Mangels,  i6s.  to  i8j.  do.;  Greens,  is,  to 
IS.  ^d.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Carrots,  is.  6d.  to  2J.  do. 

Stratford  :  Nov.  30.— The  market  has  been  well 
supplied,  and  a  good  trade  was  done  at  the  under- 
mentioned prices  :— Savoys,  2s.  6d.  to  35.  per  tally  ; 
Greens,  is.  to  is.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Cauliflowers, 
IS.  to  1,1.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  per 
dozen  bunches;  do.,  26s.  to  35J.  per  ton;  Carrots 
(household),  26s.  to  35^.  do.;  do.  (cattle  feeding),  20^.  to 
22s.  6d.  do. ;  Parsnips,  6d.  to  i^.  per  score  ;  Mangels, 
13J.  6i.  to  lys.  6d.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  15J.  to  22J.  do.; 
Watercress,  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Apples,  iis.  to  12s.  per 
bushel  ;  do.,  5^.  6d.  to  js.  per  half-bushel. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Nov.  30. —Trade 
continues  steady  lor  good  samples,  and  dull  for  inferior. 
Quotations  :— Regents,  70^.  to  iioj.  ;  Magnum  Bonums, 
S5J.  to  90s-. ;  Victorias,  yos.  to  90J. ;  Champions,  50J.  to 
70s.;  and  Hebrons,  Sos.  to  iios.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  i.~-The  trade  here 
was  dull,  at  the  following  prices: — Essex  Regents,  65;^. 
to  80s.;  Magnum  Bonums,  551.  to  70!-.;  Cambridgeshire 
Regents,  655.  to  yos. ;  York  and  Lincoln  Magnums,  60J. 
to  yos.\  Regents,  yos.  to  Sos.  per  ton. 

Stratford:  Nov.  30.— Quotations  :— Best  Mag- 
nums,  60s.  to  Soj-.  ;  second  do.  50J.  to  55J.  ;  Cham- 
pions, 55J.  to  65J. ;  and  Regents,  65s.  to  85J.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  61  bags  from  Rotterdam,  1176  Ghent,  2473 
Hamburg,  80  Bremen,  30  Boulogne,  40  Ostend,  1500 
S:ettin,  and  600  Antwerp. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Nov.  30. — There  were  fair  supplie 
on  sale  to-day,  and  a  slow  trade  at  previous  rates  for  all 
articles.  Quotations  : — Clover,  prime,  88j.  to  loor.  ; 
inferior,  70J.  to  84J.  ;  hay,  prime,  70J.  to  90J.  ;  in- 
ferior, 30J.  to  65;.  ;  and  straw,  285.  to  40J.  per  load. 

Dec.  2. — There  was  a  short  supply  on  offer.  The 
trade  w^s  quiet,  at  late  rates. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  Nov.  30. — A  large 
supply  of  Clover  and  meadow  hay.  with  drooping  prices. 
A  lair  supply  of  straw,  and  a  fair  trade.  Quotations  : — 
Clover,  best,  84J.  to  looj,  ;  second,  705.  to  8oi.  ;  hay, 
best,  78r.  to  85^.  ;  second,  50J.  to  yos.  ;  apd  straw, 
28f.  to  38J.  per  load. 

Stratford:  Dec,  i.  —  Quotations: — Hay,  yos.  to 
80J.  ;  Clover,  yos.  to  90J.  ;  and  straw,  28^.  to  321.  per 
load. 


Government  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  the  figures  of  the  preceding  Saturday — viz.,  102 J  to 
102J  for  both  deUvery  and  the  account.  Tuesday's 
figures  were  as  on  the  previous  day  for  delivery,  and 
looVsto  ioo|^  for  the  account.  Wednesday's  closing 
figures  were  100^  to  ioo|  for  delivery,  and  1023  to  looj 
for  the  account — both  ex  div. — Thursday's  final  quota- 
tions were  loot^g  to  loo^^^  for  delivery,   and   loof^  to 

o\\  or  theaccount  (ex.  div.) 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 

On   and  after  jfaii.    i,    1887, 

the   Price   of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

wt//  be 

Reduced      to     Three      Pence. 


SMITHriELD  SHOW, 

December  6  to   10,    1886. 
STAND  No.  61,  NORTH  GALLERY. 


JAMES  GARTER  &  CO. 

Respectfully  invite  the  attention  of  ViBltors 
to  tbe  magnificent  display  of 

ENGLISH-GROWN 

TOBACCO 

IN  GROWTH,  CURED, 

AND  MANUFACTURED. 


Together  with  their  CELEBRATED 
GRASS  SEEDS,  in  Sample  and  Growth  ; 
and  the  GIGANTIC  ROOTS  grown  from 
Carters'  Seeds. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Comma 
AND  H.R.H.  THE  \ 

237 
238) 


o  H.M.  THE   Que 
:  OF  Wales, 


High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


HAMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH VINES.-Extra  strone  Fruiline  Canes  Of  the 
above,  and  all  other  leading  varieties,  at  ereatly  reduced  pricts 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thamesi 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 


DARTMOUTH    CRAB. 


NOTICE. 

XTAVING  purchased  the  principal  part  of 
-'-'-  Mr.  Laxton's  Stock  of  this  handsome 
fruit,  we  are  able  to  supply  the  Trade  at  \%s. 
per  dozen.  It  is  a  remarkable  sort,  in  size  and 
colour  resembling  a  large  Victoria  Plum.  Good 
dessert  quality,  vigorous  grower,  and  very  fertile. 
Stock  very  limited.     Order  early. 


HARRISON  &  SONS, 

ROYAL    NURSERIES,    LEICESTER. 


KELP—  KELP  —  KELP.— 
This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  made  from  the  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digitata  and  other  selected  seaweeds, 
is  especially  rich  in  Potash,  and  Phosphoric  Acid.  Mixed  wiih 
three  times  its  bulk  of  dry  soil,  its  effect  on  Vine  Borders, 
T«  mato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene- 
ficial, while  no  better  dressing  exists  for  Potato*,  Peas.  Sea- 
kale,  and  Celerv.  It  is  an  excellent  Renovator  for  Old 
Garden  Soil,  and  exhausted  and  Moss-growo  Lawns.  Price 
(tor  cash  with  order  only),  8f.  per  bushel-bag,  bag  included. 
Cheap  through  rates  vul  Southampton  or  Weymouth. 

J.   E.   FEREY,  La  Poudretterie.  St.  Martins,  Jersey. 

N.B.  — As  the  Seaweeds  selected  for  this  Ash  can  only  be 

harvested  during  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  months. 

and   then  at  some  distance  from  the  mainland,  the    supply  is 

Ltily  limited,  and  Orders  will  therefore  be  executed  in 

rotation. 


COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

Newly  made.     Ttuckload  (2  tons)  C^  ;    40  bags,  25^.      Free 

on  r»U.     Cash  with  order J.    STEVENS  and  CO.,   Fibre 

Merchants,  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4tf.  per  bushel:  100  for  251.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

40X. ;  4-busheI  bags,  \d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN    FIBROUS    PEAT,  51.   M.    per   sack; 

5  sacks  *5J.  ;  sacks,  4^.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  s  sacks  32J.  ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  9*.  per  bushel ;  isi.  per  hall 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  II.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8i.  td.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Pnce  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the^»t7or^l 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  ir.,  2r.  6i.,  51.  6rf., 
and  tor.  6d..  or  1  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  Ry  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  lo 
yards  each,  at  loj.  per  yard.  In  bags,  at  -zs.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51.  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM.  loj.  td.  pa- 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  i^s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 


fibrous  . .     "1 
POST.best  f  ij 
it  only  . .     r 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  tlie  Market.    (AU  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    55.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  225.  '  " 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .  4r.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  aoj, 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    51.  6d.       „       s  sacks  for  251. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     " 

PREPARED  COMPOST,! 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  0 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  11.  W.  per  bush.,  141.  half  ton,  141.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     id.  lb.   28  lb.  181. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (Sp^cialitiO    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  . .     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush.,  61.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  VeEetables,&c.  Tins,  is.  6d. 

Bags— 7  lb.,  35.;  141b., 5J.;  281b.,8s.;  561b.,  141.:  icwt,2!!i. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-t4lb.,  3J.;  281b.,  5S.6rf.; 

56 ib.,  loj.  td.;  t  cwt,  17J.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  is.  id. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gr.  ;  15  sacks,  ly..  ;  30  sacks,  r7J.  ; 

30  sacks,  251 ;  40  sacks,  30J.     Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25^.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  is.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


THE  ALLUVIAL  MANURES 


V 

\\        are  made  from  a  peculiar  deposit  of  SEA-WEED, 
and  from 
MUSSELS.    BONES,    FISH,     POTASH,    and    BLOOD. 
By  systematically  varying  the  mixtures  of  these  materials  a 
dozen  varieties   of  Manures   are  produced,   each  compounded 
suecially  to  suit  its  own  group  of  plants.     This  system  has  been 
tested,  approved  of,  and  adopted  by  leading  Gardeners  ihrough- 
oul  Europe,  and  should  be  tried  by  all  lovers  of  plants. 
In  packages  from  one  pound. 
Prices  from  %s.  td.  per  cwt.  and  upwards. 
Paiticulars  post-free. 

THE  ALLUVIAL   MANURE    COMPANY, 

26,  MARK  LANE,  E.C. 


E    P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  lo  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  \s.,  3J. ,  and  loj.  td. 

(ij. ISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 

VJ  wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  if.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


RUSSIA       MATS, 

FOR    COVERING    AND    PACKING. 

THE  LARGEST  ASSORTED  STOCK  JN  LONDON. 

CATALOGUE  on  application. 

JAUES     T.    ANSEBSON, 

.,9,   COMMERCIAL    STREET,    LONDON,  E. 


December  4,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


731 


SPECIAL       NOTICK. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY,      DECEMBER     25, 


WILL  CONTAIN   A   BEAUTIFULLY 


(18  inches   by   13  inches), 
FROM      AN       ORIGINAL       DESIGN. 


PRICE     FIVEPENCE  ;        POST-FREE,      FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ; 

OR   WITH 

ALMANAC    MOUNTED     ON     OAK    ROLLERS, 

READY  TO   BE   HUNG   UP,   AND   ENCLOSED    IN   CASE, 

SEVENPENCE  ;      POST-FREE,     EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 
„„  TO     PREVENT     INJURY     FROM     FOLDING. 

The   Publisher   cannot    be    responsible  for    injury   to    the    Almanac    unless    it    is   so  protected. 


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS. 

As   a    large   Extra   Sale   of  this   Nttmber   is  guara^iteed,   it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  medium  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS    FOR    SPACE    SHOULD    BE     SENT    IN    AS    EARLY    AS    POSSIBLE. 


W.    EICHAEDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STEEET,    STEAND,    W.C. 


732 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886, 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 
On   and  aftey   Jan.    i,    1887, 
the    Price  of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
will  be 

Reduced      to     Three      Pence. 


Russia  Mats— Raffla. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,  of  all  qualiiies.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  4c.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZand  fisher.  lamesSt..  Covent  Oarden,  W.C. 


A 


STON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 

St  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  '.—  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  is.  :  6  fi.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  io.  at  aj.  id.  ; 
6  It.  6  in,  by  7  ft.,  at  31.  -li.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE.  Aston  Clinton.  Tring,    Bucks. 

To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florlste. 
T      BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 

**  •  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Alsn  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
(ree  on  application.— 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  London,  E.C 


GARDEN 
NETTING3. 
HOTHOUSE 
SHADINGS. 

TIFFANY. 


RIGBY,  WAINWRIGHT  4  CO,, 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Neptune  Works,  Manchester, 

Cot  ion     W'onl     and     IVaddin;; 

for   Floii-ls  and   Nurserymen. 

Send    for   Samples    and    Prices. 


PROTECT  YOUR    PLANTS 


FRIOI  DOMO 


REGISTERED       "       ^     TRADE  MARK] 

For  price  list  &.  particulars  Address- 

RENJAMIM^DGINGTON 

O  3 Duke  S^  %J^  IondonSk/dse 


Rosher's  Garden  Edging  TUes. 

Iggii 

THE  ABOVE  antj  many  other  PATTERNS 
are     made     in     maiciials    of     great     durability.       The 
,.  plainer    sons   are   specially  ,__,.-i»»...,. 

H^Sii*''^^ai«"'    suited  for  KITCHEN       nT'J^-f^F 
f^i^Sim       .GARDENS,   as    th.y  hs 


,A 


GARDENS. 

hour    no    Slugs 

take   up   little    room,   and, 

further    labour  or  expense, 
Edgings,   consequently  being  much  cheaper. 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  m  great  variety  of  design 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  S.W  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES 
PLANT  COVERS,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  ;  also 
for  FoXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL 
BRICKS. 

illUitrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3i.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  wiih  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  WallCopings,  Drain  Pipes  andTiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  preat  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


AND 

:,  by  post,  per  Ton 


SI      L     V      E      R 
fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired, 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  posL 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 
N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 
A  liberal  niscniinl  to  the  Trade 

CHEAP  ENGLISH 
HORTICUIiTURAL     GLASS. 


100  squares  of  16-cz  glass  In  each  case  for  as  follows 

(Packing  Case  included),  fret  on  rail  in  Leeds  :  — 

J.     d.  ,.    d. 

13M  X    8  inches  for  9    6  i*!  X    9  inches  for    la    o 


For  the  price  of  2 
Rolled  Pla 


17    6 


reckon  half  as  much  i 


HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

WHOLESALE  GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
8  ana  10,   ALFRED  STREET,    BOAE   LANE,  LEEDS. 


NOW  READY, 

In  Crown  ?>vo,  Price   is.;     Free  by  Post,   is.  30?., 

THE    HORTICULTURAL    DIRECTORY    FOR    1887. 

ESTABLISHED     IN     1860. 


London  Seedsi 


len  and  Florists, 
jeedsmen,    and     Florists 
ricts  of  the  Metropolis. 

the  Nurserymen,  Seedsmei 
id  Wales. 
Scotland. 
Ireland. 

the  Channel  Islands. 
Alphabetical  Lists  of  ihe  Nurserymen,  Seed; 
in  Gren  Britain  and  Irel^rd. 
he  Sweats  of 
Inland,   thi 
FoiT  Town. 
Alphabetical  List  of  Foresters  in  Great  B; 

OFFICE 


,  ditto. 


It   is   arranged   in   Fifteen   Sections,    and   consists   of— 

Alphabetical  List  of  the  Seats  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  show- 

residicK    wilhia    the  ing  the  Counties  in  which  they  are  situated,  their  Owners, 

and  the  nearest  Railway  Station,  and  dii-tance  from  it. 

and    Florists  in        Alphabetical  List  of  the  Gardener.-;,  and  their  full  Addresses,  in 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

List  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  and   Public  Parks  throughout  the 

World,  with  (heir  Curators  and  Superintendents. 
List  of   Landscape  Gardeners.  Garden  Architects,  and  Horti- 
nd  Florists  cultural  Budders  and  Engineers. 

List   of  the    Rotanical,    Honiculiural,  and  Floral  Societies  in 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  with  the  Names  and  Addresses 
of  their  Secretaries,  indicating  those  that  are  in  alliance 
with  the  Royal  HoiticuUural  Society. 
Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  and  Florists  on  the  Continent. 


in  and  Irelacd. 

171,  FLEET  STREET,  LONDON,  EC. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


> 


JAMES  BOYD  k  SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 
HEATING   ENGINEKKS, 

PAISLEY. 


O   M 
O  W 


HOT-WATER    APPARATUS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES    SCHOOLS    PUBLIC  BUILDINGS   MAN810NF. 
HARNESS  ROOMS    DRYING  ROOMS    HOTHOUSES    and  BUILDINGS  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 


3.     STEVEN  BROS.  &  CO 


HOT-WATER       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    &    CO., 

4,        UPPER        THAMES        STREET,        LONDON,        E.C. 

BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Sr'c. 
Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     and     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

VlnerteB,  Stoves.  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  HouseB,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plai 

perfection  of  growing  houses, 


:  class  of  work, 


^ , _  .  constructed 

ad  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do 
and  that  the  very  best.  .  ,  ,  .  ,  ,  _ 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of   any  one  out  of  our  fiiB 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  £uaraate< 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Framea,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &a,  always  in  stoclc 

PlanSy  Estimates  and  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  tfu  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


December  4,  1886.] 


777^     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


733 


The  Celebrated  Darlington  WONDERFUL  VALUE  in 

HOUSEHOLD  DRAPERY 
PARCELS 

FOR 

CHRISTMAS  PRESENTS  AND  NEW  YEAR'S  GIFTS. 


1— The  GUINEA   PARCEL 

contains— 

12  yards  Navy  Black,  or  any  fashionable  colour  Darlington 

Celebrated  Union  Foul.!  Costume  Cloih. 
si  yaid-i  Beautiful  Skirting,  worth  3J.  per  yard. 
3    yards  Real  Welsh  White  Flannel. 
3    yards  Scarlet  Anti-Rheumatic  Flannel. 

13  yaids  Horrocks'  Fine  Long  Cloth, 
ai  yards  Body  Lining. 

Tlu  lot  for  2I1.    I'ahit  to  manu/iclure,  Z\s.    Carriage  Paid. 

HENRT  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTOK. 


2-The  CHARITY  PARCEL (25/-) 

contains — 

I    pair  Heavy  All-Wcol  Brown  Blankets,  6  lb.  weight. 
I     pair  Full-size  All-Wool  Self-colour  Darlington  Shawls. 
13    yarJs  Heavy  Serge  for  Dresses,  Ihck  or  any  colotur. 
6     yards  Heavy  White  or  Scarlet  Flannel. 
I    pair  Twill  Bolton  Sheets,  full  size. 
3i  yards  Heavy  Stripe  Shirting  F.annel. 

Till  lot  for  2E.!.    Vabii  to  manufacture,  37/6.    Cat  rlagl  Paid. 

HENRY  FEUSE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON 


3— The  LADIES'  PARCEL  (29/6) 

contains— 

12    yards  Celebrated  Darlington  Cross-Warp  Serge,  black  or 
coloured. 

2  yards  Darlington  Fast-Pili  Twil',  Genoa-finish,  Velveteen 

to  match, 
li  yards  Handsome  Skirting,  worth  3r.  6d.  per  yard. 

3  )ards  Fine  Flannel,  scarlet  or  white. 

12     yards  Horrocks'  Fine  Soft-finish  Lon;  Cloth,  plain  or  twill, 
aj  yards  Best  Body  Lining. 

The  lot  far  2916.    Value  to  manu/actitre,  iSs.  Carriage  Paid. 

HENRT  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON. 


4— The  FAMILY  PARCEL  (35/-) 

contains- 

1    pair  Beautiful  full-sire  Whitney  Blankets,  worth  22J.  td, 

I     pair  Fine  All-Wool  full-size  Blue-Grey  Blankets. 

I     pair  Heavy  Twill  Sheets,  very  fine,  or  6  yards  Aoti-Rheu- 


;  Flai 


rith  Fri 


I     Beauiilul  Self-Colour  Sha»l,  2  yari's 
Tilt  hi /or  Z5s.     Cj:d-jtluefor¥!s.id.     Carriage  Paid. 

HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.  S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON. 

5— The  MOTHERS'  PARCEL(42/-) 

contains— 

12    yards  the  Celebrated  Darlington  Cross- Wa-p  Serge,  black 

12  yards  Heather  Mixture  Costume  Cloth,  or  Melton  Cloth. 

9  y.ird>  Black  or  Colour  Darlington  Gold  Medal  Cashmere. 

6  yards  All-Wool  Flannel,  white  or  scarlet. 

la  yards  Best  White  Horrocks'  Long  Cloth. 

The  lol/or  iis.      Value  55s.     Carriage  Paid. 

HENRY  FEASE  &  CO'S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON. 

6— The   HOUSEHOLD    FAMILY 
PARCEL  (50/-)  contains- 

14    yards  Beautiful  Darlington  Melton  Costume  Cloth,  black  or 


la    yards  the  Celebrated  Darlington  Cross-Warp  Serge,  black 
J    yards  Fast  Pile  Velveteen  or  Velvet  Cord  to  match  Dress. 
7     yards  Wool  Shirting  Flannel,  Fancy,  Plain,  Stripe,  or  Check. 
6     yards  Best  Welsh  Flannel,  white  or  scarlet. 
I    pair  Brown  or  Grey  Blankets  (6  lb.  weight),  or  a  Good  Warm 

ShawL 
:}  yards  Best  Body  Lining. 
6    yards  Long  Cloth  for  Under  Clothing. 

The  Ijt/or  50i.     Value  66r.     Carriage  Paid. 

HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON. 


lU  sent.  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  address  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  and  in  all  cases,  if  not  approved  of,  may 
t  Henry  Peass'&  Co.'s  Successors'  expense,  and  the  money  will  be  promptly  and  willingly  returned. 

A'.  B. — .^f  patterns  of  the  above  parcels  cannot  be  sent,  will  ladies  kindly  mention  Colour  of  Dress  Materials  preferred  f 

REMNANTS    in    BUNDLES 

For   FAMILY    and    CHARITY    PURPOSES. 

In  order  to  clear  Odds  and  Ends  accumulated  during  the  season,  Henry  Pease  &  Co.'s  Successors  have  made  up 
Suudles  of  Remnants,  containing  useful  lengtlis  of  Serges  for  Dresses.  Meltons,  Calicoes,  Flannels — white 
and  scirlet.  Velveteens.  Prints,  Sateens,  &c.,  in  lengths  of  from  2^  yards  to  8  yards.  The  Prices  are  lOs.  6d., 
15s.  6d.,  203. y  and  253.  each.    They  are  well  worth  double  the  money. 

As  many  applications  are  received  from  ladies  for  useful  goods  for  charitable  purposes,  special  bundles  have 
been  prepared  for  this  purpose,     Ladiis  ordering  bundles  will  please  state  whether  for  Charily  or  Family  use. 


All  Parcels  and  Bundles  are  sent.  Carriage  Paid,  to  any  addre 


:  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 


In  writing  please  name  this  Paper  to 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  Successors, 

SPINNERS    AND    MANUFACTURERS, 

Established  1752.  THE    MILLS,    DARLINGTON. 

NOTICE. — These  Parcels  are  only  Ojffered  unlil  end  of  December. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 
On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 
the  Price  of  the 
"  Gardener.s'  Chronicle  " 
wi//  be 

Reduced     to      Three      Pence. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS 

121,    BHNHILL    EOW,     LONDON     EC 


-*^£X#^^" 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of 
charge   and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCLLLES     NEW    ROCKWORK    material    m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  WatU,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  lor  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  ud principled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u^ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Wmdsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seals  o(  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  td.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manu  actory,  or  xs.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  E-q  ,   The  RyUys,  Al-^erley  Lodg/. 

**  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  wdl  forward  me  a  cask,  as  1  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  ail  outdoor  work, 
either  wnod  nr  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  ca^k  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  withoui  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.   London.  E.C.  ;  and 
116,  Stephen's  Green.  Dublin. 


c 


GARDEN    REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,     Rustic 
WorK,  Manures.  &c       Cheapest  pnces  o( 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C. 

Wanted,   every  Gardener  and  Florist  to  use 
ASBON'S      LIGHT      WOOD     POSTAL 

BOXES  and  PROPAGATING  TRAYS.     Sample  and 
i'rice  Li-t  free  for  six  stamps. 

T.  CASBON'.  Box  Maker,  Millfield  Works,  Peterboro'. 

HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


734 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 
On    and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 
the   Price   of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
will  be 

Seduced     to     Three      Pence. 

THE  GARDENER^  CHRONICLE. 

SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINQ. 


Head  Lim  charged  al  two. 


4  Lines. ..;^o 

5  „    ...  o 

6  „    ...  o 

7  „    ...  o 

8     o 

9  „  ...  o 
10  „  ...  o 
n     o 

12  „    ...  o 

13     o 

14  „    ...  o 


15  Lines... ;£o    8    6 

16  „    ...090 

17  „    ...096 

18  „  ...  o  10  o 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


O  10  6 

O  II  o 

o  II  6 

o  12  o 

o  12  6 

o  13  o 

o  13  6 

INS. 

II  9et  across  two  C  ilumns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  501. 

If  set  across  three  Columas,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40J. 

Page  „         ..         _         ..£900 

HiafPage..         ..         _         _     5    o    o 

Coluom       3    5    0 

QARDENERS,  and  OTHEBS,  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

36  words  IS.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  lino 

(about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE. —Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^es,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  art  o/ened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  tlie  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sr.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week   must  reach  tht  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  SutiscTlptlons  Payable  In  Advancs, 

Commencing  Jan.  1,  1887. 

Thb  United  Kingdom  ;  12  Months,  153.  ;  6  Months. 

78.  6d.  :   3  Months,  33.  9d. 

Foreign  (excepting   India  and   China) :    including    Postage, 

173.  6d  for  12  Months  ;    India  and  China,  193.  6d. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  12.  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 
ROBERTS'S         PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses. Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
118,    Victoria   Street,   Westminster,    S.W. 


Experienced  Worlti 


HENRY      HOPE, 


SB,  Lionel  St.,  Blrmlngliam. 

Plans  and  Estimates  en 
application, 
sent  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


"  Grand  Success  "- 


Economy  of  Fuel.-^ 


OF   HEAT 
&  CONSUMED    LESS    FUEL 
ii^^tRODUOED  MOST  HEAT  PER  BUSHEL  Or  FUED 
^^F  ANY  B4ILER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL 

s  Won  first  PRiZEiHiH^iooor^T 

'  /VLSO     FIRST  PRIZE,^ -He  SOOf'^.^T 

S:^      1000  BOILERS  wow  IN  USE  TS3L 
S.D^REViOUS  AWAliDS.  16   PRI2E  MEDtlLSS  DIPLOMAS] 
LCNDOW  1   5  REOCRCSS    S'    S    VICTORIA  DRY  CL%2ING  WORKsj 
^2f  FICE  )     COUTHWARK  S' ^^j;^         HARLOW  .ESSEJf  . 


UTHWARK  S'  ^tjjj' 


HOT-WATF  R     PIPES. 

Occupy  iame  space  only     ^^^T^^.  as  ordinary  Socket  Pipet. 


NOLO  0  S  E  RINGS 

"RICHARDSON'S"  PATENT  UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 

The  most  inexperienced  can  fix  them.     Soundness  of  Joint  a 

certainty.     Highest  testimonials  and  references. 
Estimates  given  for  all  Material  ready  for    Fixing,    or   Fixed 

Complete. 

"Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limitbd), 

Mansfield,  Notts, 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers,  Vases,  Fountains,  Seats,  &c. 

London  Agent:    W.    SIMMONS,    ir,   Crooked   Lane,   E.C. 

GREENHOUSES 

No.  4,  Span-roof,  plain,  tub 
of  the  best  construction.  Price, 
erected  complete  (with  brick- 
woik)  within  15  miles  of  Lon- 
don  Bridge  ;  proportionate 
prices  in  any  part  of  the 
country.  Lean-to's  in  pro- 
portion. 

Loughborough  Hot-water  Apparatus  (fixed),  extra  as  below  : — 
Size.        Price.     H.W.Ap.  I  Size.        Price.     H.W.Ap. 

lift,  by  8ft.,  /20  o  ..^5  IS  Usft.  by  i5ft..;{;58  o  ..  ;^io  15 
15ft.  by  9ft.,  35  o..  6  5  3o''t-by  is^t..  71  o  -  12  5 
Boft.  by  izft.,  4210..  8  15  I  40ft.  by  17ft.,  Ill  o..  22  o 
ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses, 
&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating.  FREE. 

SURVEYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE  OF 
CHARGE.     DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

..iJlS.,.}  LONDON     BRIDGE. 


WIRING  for  GARDEN  WALLS 


GALVANISED    WIRE, 
B  W.G.,   21.  per  too  yardi 


GALVANISED    EYES,    iVi  inch  from  shoulder  to  eye.   ^d. 

Ditto  TERMINALS,  with  Winders,  %s.  per  doz.  [per  doz. 

,.  without  Winders,  is.  %d.  per  dor. 

Complete  CATALOGUE  of  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire 

Fencing  (rce. 

BAYLISS,    JONES    &    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  a.nd  141,   Cannoii  Street,   London,  E.C. 

THE    NEW 

"DARLINGTON" 


GLASS   WALL-COVER 

IB  Mucb  Cheaper  than  any  other. 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

North  of  England  Horticultural  Works,  DABLIWGTOW. 


Cucumoer  Frames. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y   and    CO.    desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to   their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have   a   large   stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      Thev  ^re  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —       £,  s.  d. 
2.1ight  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p._i.:_-     (       3  lo    o 
3-lightframe.  i2feetby6feetU^^fr'Jf„]       5     5     o 
6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet  j  ^^^^_  '"*  (     10    o    o 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  frajmns  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAY  and  CO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works,  Middleton,  Manchester. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME, 

CAMBRIC 


M  (    THE 
)  QUEEN 


TRISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-L  KERCHIEFS,  Hemmed  for  Use.  Per  dozen— Child- 
ren's, Is.  2rf.  ;  Ladies',  2t.  i'Ad  ;  Gentlemen's,  3j.  6d. 
Hemstitched  —  Ladies'.  2s.  ll'Ad.  ;  Gents',  is.  llrf. 
Samples  post-free. 


TRISH     MADE    SHIRTS.  —  Best    Quality 

-I-  Lf^ngdoth  Bodies,  with  four-fold  all  Linen  Fronts  and 
CufTi,.  3Sr.  6d.  the  half  dozen  (to  measure  2s.  extra).  New 
Designs  in  our  special  Indian  Gauze,  Printed  Shirtings,  and 
unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  season. 


"  These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  excellence  and  cheapness."— Coa/-/  Journal. 


TRISH  LINEN  COLLARS  and  CUFFS. 

X  Collars— Lsdies'  and  Children's  three-fold,  3s.  6d. 
per  dozen;  Gentlemen's  four-fold,  4s.  lid.  to  6s.  lid.  per 
dozen.  CuSs  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  and  Children.  6s.  11</. 
to  10s.  9d.  per  dozen.  "  Theur  Irish  Linen  Collars,  Cuffs, 
Shirts.  &c.,  have  the  merit  of  excellence  and  cheapness  " — 
Court  Circular      Samples  post-free. 


POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.— Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetings,  fully 

-L  bleached,  2  yards  wide,  \s.  Si.  per  yard  ;  2J^  yards  wide,  2'.  ^%d. 
per  yard  (the  most  durable  article  made,  and  far  superior  to  any  foreign 
manufactured  goods).  Roller  Towelling,  18  inches  wide,  Z^d  per  yard. 
Surplice  Linen,  Id.  per  yard;  Check  Dusters,  2  J.  &d ,  Glass  Clothf, 
4t.  6^.  per  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diarers  ^%d.  per  yard. 
Samples  post-free.     Frilled  Linen  Pillow  Cases  from  It.  '^l^d  each. 


**  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— 7A«  Lady. 


DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN.— Fish   Napkins, 

sr  dcwen.  Dinner  Napkins,  4i.  Gd.  per  dozen.  Table  Cloths,  2  yards 
i.  ;  2%  yards  by  3  yards,  5i.  Gd.  each.  Kitchen  Table  Cloths, 
Strong  Huckabuck  Towels,  4».  ^i.  per  dozen.  Monograms,  Crests, 
,  Initials,  &C.,  woven  and  embroidered.     Samples  post-free. 


HANDKERCHIEFS, 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST 

(By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Prituess  of  Germany.^ 


t)ECEMBER  4,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


735 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  m  100  and  200  *eet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  ol  16-OZ.  glass  in 
soo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtamed  from 

OEOBQE    FARUILOE    <fe    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
Si.  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthlleld,  London,  E.c. 

Stack  List  afui  Prtcgs  on  apfiiicatton.      Quote  CkrmttcU. 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

Accidents  of  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 

Capital  £1.000.000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation   p^id     for     112,000    Accidents,    j^a.ats.ooo. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M    Farquhar.  Esq. 
Apply  to   the  Clerks   at   the   Railway   Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Kjtel  Buildinjs,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Heati  Office  : — 64.  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J    VIAN.  Secreu.y. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  OW-estab- 
lished  Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business-South  o(  England.— E.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  .52. 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 


WANTED,  a  young,  active  married  Man, 
as  HEAD  WORKING  GARDENER,  where  Fruit 
and  Veuetables  are  grown  for  Market.  Must  understand  Vin- 
eries, Forcing  and  Orchard  House,  and  have  characters  for 
honesty,  sobriety,  and  industry.— Apoly,  giving  particulars, 
wages,  and  number  of  family,  to  H.  H.,  Christophers  &  Son, 
Stationers,  Newport,  M'.r. 

WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  who  thoroughly 
understands  profitable  Cultivation  of  Fruit  and  Flowers 
under  Glass.  Wife  to  act  as  Laundress.  Apply,  stating  lull 
particulars,  to  C    D.,  Awbery's  Library.  Henley-on-Thames. 

WANTED,  by  the  Corporation  of  East- 
bourne, a  WORKING  FOREMAN  GARDENER, 
to  take  charge  of  the  Trees  and  Shrubs  in  the  Public  Streets. 
Must  have  thorough  knowledge  of  Planting,  Cutting,  and 
Trimming  Forest  frees.— Apply,  stating  wages  required,  to 
CHAS.  TOMES,  Borough  Surveyor,  Town  Hall,  Eastbourne. 

ANTED,     a     PROPAGATOR     and 

GROWER  in  a  small  Nursery-one  who  thoroughly 
understands  Growing  for  Market  and  Cut  Flower  Trade. 
Must  be  a  good  worker.  Testimonials  as  to  character  ard 
ability  indispensable.  Write  stating  age  and  wages  —B.  B., 
Fishlock  &  Bro.,  Floral  Hall,  St.  John's  Market,  Liverpool. 

ANTED,   a    Young    MAN,    to    Manage 

Small  Ntirsery,  principally  Glass  ;  would  be  rr^quired 
to  Propagate  and  Grow  Plants,  Cut  Flowers,  &c.  ;  help  oi.ly 
given  oc<:asioually.  —  State  experience,  wages  required,  &(x  — 
G.  H.  G.,  I,  Castle  Square,  Exeter. 

ANTED,  a  MAN  and  WIFE.— Must  be 

hard-working  and  thoroughly  trustworthy  — the  Man  to 
take  Charge  of  Small  Farm  and  Garden,  Wife  to  attend  to 
Poultry,  Dairy,  S;c.— Apply  by  letter,  stating  full  particulars, 
to  J.   M.,  49,  Weslow  Hill,  Upper  Norwood.  S.E. 

WANTED,  a  SALESMAN,  in  Plant 
Department  at  Robert  Green's  Floral  Establishment, 
Crawford  Street,  Bryanston  Square,  W.  ;  an  energetic  voune, 
man.  well  up  in  Ferns  and  Foliage  Plants.  —  Apply  TUES- 
DAY MORNING  belore  10  o'clock. 

ANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 

of  good  address,  with  fair  knowledge  of  Garden  and 
Farm  Seeds.— Full  particulars  toW.  M.  D.,  Waile,  Nash  &  Co., 
79.  Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.  — It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  bv  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO, 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c — St.  John  s  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. — 
\  nquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom.  W.C. 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  and  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent  time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  (rom  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c.  -Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
eitner  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  loWm.Cutbush&Son.Highgate  Nurseries,  London, N. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO..  108.  High  Street,  Dumfries.  N.B. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requ^^ng  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


MANAGER.— To  Grow  extensively  for  Mar- 
ket, Grapes,  Peaches,  Strawberries.  Cucumbers, 
Tomatos,  Roses,  Gardenias.  &c, ,  and  all  the  requirements  of  a 
lirst  class  Fruit  and  Cut  Flower  Trade.  Highest  references. — 
G.  A.,  I,  Alhelstan  Road,  Harold  Wood,  Romford. 


':;ARD£NER  (Head),  age  32.— Mr.  Leach, 

<^      Head  Gardener,    Albany  Park,    Guildford,    can    highly 
end  a  thorough  first-class  Gardener. —Address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Gooti  Grower  of 
Choice  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Veaeubles,  also  Early  and 
Late  Forcing  Good  character  for  ability,  sobriety,  and 
industry. — 5,  Colnbrook  Place,  Twickenham. 


C:' ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  38,  inarried,  no 
^  family. — Advertiser  is  open  to  engage  with  any  Lady, 
Ni-bleman,  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical  man 
in  all  branches  of  Gardening.-GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel 
Square.  Kimbolton  St.  Nenis. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  32, 
married,    one   child   ;    thoroughly   experienced,      GofMl 
character.— W.  WALDING.  Willoughby  House,  Rugby. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
help  is  given.— Single  ;  thirteen  years'  practical  experi- 
ence ;  very  highly  recommended.  Abstainer.— W.  GOLD- 
SMITH, Polesden,  Dorking,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38, 
married  six  years,  no  family  ;  sirteen  years*  previous 
character,  being  well  versed  in  all  branches,  including  Meadow 
Land.  Well  experienced  in  alterations  and  Management  of 
Men.-G.  MARSHALL,  South  Holmewood,  Dorking. 


G 


A  R  D  E  N  E  R.  —  Sir    Humphrey    de 

Trafford  will  be  glad  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  and 
n   give  him  a  nine   years'   character       Leaving   through 


GARDENER— A  Gentleman,  leaving  his 
present  abode,  wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  who 
has  been  in  his  service  nearly  four  years.  He  is  a  steady, 
trustworthy,  and  willing  man.  He  will  take  entire  charge,  or 
work  as  Second,  and  can  make  himself  generally  useful. — 
Sieartfield,  Paignton,  South  Devon. 


GARDENER.— A  Gentleman  wishes  to 
recommend  as  a  thoroughly  good  Gardener,  Stephen 
Elkiogton,  age  40,  married,  three  children.  Served  with  Sir 
Henry  Dryden,  Bart-,  and  many  years  with  the  late  Philip  Box, 
Esq.,  of  RadcUve.  near  Buckingham,  a  noted  lover  of  Flowers. 
— EGERTON  HUBBARD,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Addington  Manor. 
Wmslow,  Bucks. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Used  to  Horse  and 
Poultry ;  or,  permanent  Nursery  employment  Good 
reference  from  Londou  Nursery. — H.  SOLLY,  High  Street, 
Ash,  Sandwich,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (UNDER,  or  would  take  a  small 
Single-handed  place),  or  as  COWMAN  and  assist  in 
Garden  on  Gentleman's  estate. — Married  ;  four  and  a  half  years' 
reference. — A.  B.,  Dennis  Road,  East  Molesey. 

G^^RDENER  (Under)  ;  age  22.— Mr. 
Walton,  Gardener,  at  Twyford  Abbey.  Ealing,  W., 
will  be  pleased  to  recommend  Joseph  Adams,  leaving  through 
employer  giving  up. 


GARDENER  (Under),  or  IMPROVER  in  a 
Gentleman's  Garden.— A  Gardener  wishes  to  recom- 
mend a  youth  (age  i8)  ;  five  years'  experience.— HEAD  GAR- 
DENER. Walcot  Hall,  Doncaster. 

FOREMAN.  — A.  Gibson,  Gardener  to 
F.  T.  Burnaby  Atkins,  Esq.,  Halstead  Place,  Sevenoaks. 
Kent,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  Robert  Johnstone  as  Fore- 
man. He  has  lived  on  this  estate  as  Foreman  for  the  last  three 
years.  He  is  well  up^n  Plant  and  Fruit  Culture,  and  is  a 
thorough  good  workman. 

To  Nurserymeii. 

FOREMAN,  or  BRANCH  NURSERY 
MANAGER. -Advertiser  will  be  disengaged  about  the 
end  of  December,  and  is  now  open  to  engage  with  any  one 
requiring  the  services  of  an  honest,  sober,  and  energetic  man. 
Has  had  twenty-one  years'  experience  in  London  and  pro* 
Tincial  nurseries,  inside  and  out.  Most  satisfactory  references. 
—J.  H.  GIBBS,  a;,  Walker  Street,  Flookersbrook.  Chester. 


To  Nurserymen. 

T710REMAN     PROPAGATOR, 

-f       GROWER. —Good  experience  in  the  Cultivatio 

or 

n   of 

Plants.— W.  R.,  29,  Taunton  Road.  Lee,  Kent. 

FOREMAN  (Working)  PROPAGATOR 
and  GROWER.— Age  26  :  can  produce  Soft-wooded 
Plants,  Cut  Flowers  in  large  quantities.  Good  Salesman.  Good 
character.  —  LAMBERT,  i,  Bailey's  Lane,  SUmford  Hill, 
l^ndoQ,  N. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

On    and  after   J" an.    i,    1887, 

the   Price   of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

will  be 

Keduced     to     Three      Pence. 


MARKET  GROWER  and  PROPAGATOR 
of  Pot  Roses,  Choice  Fruit,  sho  Bulbs,  Lily  of  the 
Valley,  Ferns,  and  other  Plants  for  Cut  Blooms.  Long  practice 
and  character— A.  B.,  tt;,  High  Street,  Fulham.  S.W. 


JOURNEYMAN  (Fir.st),  Indoors,  in  a  good 
establishment  ;  aee  ti.  -Mr.  C.  Marshall  would  be 
pleased  to  recommend  the  above  to  any  Gardener  requiting  a 
steady  young  man.— C.  MARSHALL,  Atbury  Gardens,  Nun- 
eaton, Warwickshire. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in   good   establishment.— 
A(;e  ao  :  five  and  a  half  years'  experience.     Good  teiti- 
monials— H.   EVANS.  Hovingham  Hall.  Yorkshire. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the   Houses  in   a   large 

"      Garden  ;    age    22  -The   GARnENER,    Emsworth    House, 
Etnsworth,  can  thoroughly  recommend  a  young  man  as  abDve, 


TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Hoases.-Afre   23; 

O      acquaitited    with    Orchids,  &c.      Good    rtfeie  ,ces.  —  i!.. 
BYE,  Blackwater,  Farnbo.ough,  Hants. 

IMPROVER,  or   UNUEr'gXrDENErT^^ 
Age    t9;    good   references.— GARDENER,    Woodthorpe 
House,  Nottingham. 

TMPROVER,   in    a    Gentleman's   Garden.— 

-L      Age   19  ;  four    years'  experience.— W.  WOODLEY,  Bat- 

tramsley.  Lymington,  Hants. 

O     GARDENERS.  —  Wanted   a   situation 

under  a  Gardener,  by  a  youth  (age  iS).  Good  reference. 
— R.  LARRINGTON,  Thorney,  near  Peterborough,  Cam- 
bridgeshire. 

O   GENTLEMEN,   NURSERYMEN,  &c. 

— A  youth  (age  iS)  requires  a  situation,  in  or'outdoor,  on 
a  Gentleman's  Estate,  or  in  a  Nursery.  Good  character.— T.  S  , 
51,  St.  Stephen's  Street.  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

MANAGER,  f'RAVELLER,  or  HEAD 
SHOPMAN.— Many  years'  experience  in  London  and 
the  Provinces  in  every  branch  of  the  business.  Good  Book- 
keeper and  Correspondent  Fair  knowledge  of  Plants. — 
FESTUCA,  Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsditch,  E. 

ANAGEK,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN.— The 

Advertiser  seeks  an  engagement  as  above,  or  other 
responsible  position.  Twelve  years'  experience  in  the  Seed  and 
Nursery  Trade  :  four  years  in  present  situation  ;  first-class 
refeteaces.  — H.  L.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Welling- 
ton Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

To  the  Trada 

SALESMAN  or  MANAGER.  —  Used  to 
sharp  trade  ;  well  up  in  Floral  Work.  Could  Travel. 
Manage  Branch  Establishment  for  Market.  Twenty  years' 
character  and  experience.  Cash  securitv.  --  TRADE,  Gar- 
deners'   C//r^wrc/c  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W,C. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

TRAVELLER,  or  MANAGER,  seeks  an 
engagement  as  either  of  the  above.  Married ,  experienced . 
Highly  recommended.  —  TRAVEL,  32,  Pevensey  Road, 
Eastbourne. 

SHOPMAN,  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.— 
nine  years'  experience  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Seed 
Trade.  Fir^t-cliss  references.—D.  C.  FLETCHER,  112, 
Eglinton  Street,  Glasgow. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.  —  Age  25"; 
experienced  m  Seeds,  Plants,  Flowers.  &c.  Gond  refer- 
ences.—A.  B.,  31,  St.  George  Square,  Tonbridge  Road 
Maidstone. 


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.  —  Age  22; 
five  years'  exoerience  in  first-class  Scotch  house.  Good 
references.— T.  C.  DICKSONS  and  CO.,  i,  Waterloo  Place. 
Edinburgh. 


SHOPMAN  (Assistant),  in  Seed  Trade.— 
Age  20  ;  stout,  active,   has  practical  knowledge  of  Gar- 
dening.— W.  L.,  57,  Gordon  Street,  Glasgow. 


To  tlis  Seed  Trade. 

ASSISTANT. — Seven   years'  experience   in 
every  department.       Good   references.— J.  W.    K.,    ai, 
Roxburgh  Street,  KeUo,  N.B. 

COWMAN,  and  to  assist  in  Garden.— Mar- 
tied,  two  children  ;  can  Manage  Horse  and  Trap,  and  be 
generally  useful;  can  Drive.  Two  yeari'  character.  — F.  H  , 
17.  Balham  New  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 


HOLLOWAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS. 
— The  sudden  changes,  frequent  fogs,  and  pervading 
dampness  sorely  impede  the  vital  functions  and  conduce  to  ill- 
health.  The  remedy  for  these  disasters  lies  in  some  purifyinf; 
medicine.  like  these  Pills,  which  is  competent  to  grapple  with 
the  mischief  at  its  sources  and  stamo  it  cut  wiihout  fretting  the 
nerves  or  weakening  the  system.  Holloway's  Pills  extract  from 
the  blood  all  noxious  matters,  regulate  the  action  of  every  dis- 
ordered organ,  stimulate  the  liver  and  kidneys,  and  relax  the 
b'>wels.  In  curing  chest  complaints  these  Pills  are  remarkably 
effective,  especially  when  aided  by  friction  of  the  Ointment  on  its 
walls.  The  double  treatment  will  ensure  a  certain,  steady,  and  be* 
□evolent  progress,  and  sound  health  will  toon  be  re-established. 


736 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  4,  1886. 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON  Limited, 

Smithfleld  Iron  Works,  Leeds,  and  Surrey  Works,  Blackfriars  Road,  London,  S.E,, 

HORTICULTURAL  ENGIKEERS  to  HER  MAJESTT  THE  QUEEN,  call  Speclsd  Attention  to  tbelr 

PATENT    WROUGHT-IRON    MUNICIPAL   OR  ANGULAR   CHAMBERED  AND   TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER    BOILERS, 

And    others    with    SHELVES,    and    Hollow    or    Ordinary    Cast-iron    GRATE    BARS. 

O  A  nni    r     Onil    CDC      WUh  waterway  backs  and  WELDFD  BOILERS,  any  of  which  are  specially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhou-es,  Conservatories,  Churches,  Chaptli, 
OnUULt      DUI  LC.no,  schools,  PuWic  Buildmgs,   Entrante  Halls,  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c.       They  aie  the  neatest,  cheapest,  most  effective,  and  duiable  of  iny  extant. 

Till  MUNICIPAL  and  TUBULAR  mt'S  are  remarkahle  for  their  great  hiatitif;  piwcr,  sUw  combvstion,  and  lite  hngth  of  time  tliefire  iMl  burn  ivitliout  rtguiriv^  attention. 

Ttese  Patterns  secured  the  FIRST  and  HIGHEST  PRIZE,  a  SILVER  MEDAL,  at  tlie  Eoyal  Horticultural  Society's  Exhibition,  South  Kensington,  London.  June  1,  1881. 


The  longitudinal  section  givi 


1  of  the  fire-box,  w 
The  front  elev 


r  space,  flues,  &c. 


Thee 


SECTIONAL   PLAN. 
1  of  the  fire-box,  water  space,  and  V  shaped  back. 


I  brickwork,  which  i 


aryjor  this  class  o^ boiler. 


MBl 
MBS 
MBS 
IIB4 


SIZES     AND     PRICES 

3  ft.  2  in.  long  by  2  ft.  0  in.  wide  by  2  ft.  0  in.  deep 

4  0  ,,     by  2         0  „      by  2         0  ,, 

5  0  ,,     by  2        3  „      by  2        6  ,, 
8       6            ,,     by4       0            ,,      by  3        9            ,, 


Calculated  to 


650  ft. 

;    800 

heal  4-in.  piping  i  1300 
as  follows  :-      I  g^^Q 


Price  £15  0  0 

,,         21  0  O 

,,        32  0  O 

85  O  O 


TESTIMONIAL.     „     _.    ,„^    ^..,,..,.    ,, 

Borough  Engineers  Omce,  Muaicipal  Bui.dmK',  Leeds, 
Messrs.  THOS.   GREEN   and  SON,   Ltd,    NORTH    ST.,   LEEDS.  J  anuary  g^  zHt. 

Re  HEATING  APPARATUS. 

Gentlemen,— I  have  great  pleasure  in  beating  testimony  to  the  «fficiency  and  satisfactory  working  of  the  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus  you  erected  in  these  public  buildings. 

The  buildines  are  four  storeys  high,  and  we  have  a  total  length  of  about  28,000  feet  of  piping  in  them,  varying  in  size  dom  ij^  '"■  to  6  in.  diameter,  with  their  connections,  &c.     The  several 
offices  and  rooms  can  all  be  in  operation  at  one  lime  or  separately,  and  the  heat  regulated  by  means  of  the  valves  to  the  temperature  requirCf^,  even  in  the  coldest  weather. 

Two  of  your  Patent  Municipal  Pattern  Boilers,  No.  4    work  ihe  whole  of  this  piping  easily,  although  we  have  three  of  them  fixed.     They  are  very  power 'ul  and  economical  in  the  consumption 
of  fuel,  and  I  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  report  of  them  and  the  apparatus  so  favourably.  I  am,  Gentlemen,  yours  truly. 

THOS.    HEWSON,   Borough  Engineer. 

HUNDREDS    OF    OTHER    B.EFERENCE3    CAN    BE    GIVEN    IF    REaUIRED. 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 

W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
london.    w.c. 


Please     send    me     "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
commencing  Januayy   1,   iSSy, /or  which  I  enclose  P.O.O. 


1886. 
Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office   must  be  paid  for  in   advance.      '^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :  — 12  Months,  151.  ;    6  Months,  7.1.  6./.  ;    3  Months,  3^.  9</. ;    Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPnONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17?.  (>d.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  igt.  6i 


P.O.O.  to  be  made  payable  at  No.  42,  DR.URY  LANE,  London,   10   W.  RICHARDS. 

Chegues  should  be  crossed  "  DRUM  MONO." 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  AdvertisemenU  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covcnt  Garden,  London.  W.C. 
Frinted  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnkw,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  bv  the 
said  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Sueet,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  Coimty.— Saturday,  December  4,  1886,     Agent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstabltsijeti  I84i. 


No.  676.-V0L.  XXVI.  {ser',es.}  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  11,  1886.        ]p'^„:fl\1i"a'{i=es;%l}po!;i^^^^^^^ 


Ad. 


SPECIAL    NOTICE.— On  and  after  January  i,   1887,    the  Price  of  the 
"  Gardeners   Chronicle  "  will  be  REDUCED  TO  Three  Pence. 


CONTENTS. 

Abl^sLowIana     .. 

7^i 

Orchid  notes 

747 

Adianlum  Farleyen-Je    754 

75" 

Plants,  improvement  of. . 

741 

Alpine  garden,  the 

743 

,.    and  their  culture  .. 

Bees,  plants  for    .. 

7W 

,.     certificated.. 

740 

Cape  woods 

7S6 

Potato     experiments      at 

Celery,  disease  of 

750 

M-ssrs.   Sultons' 

7S4 

Coftins.  remarkable         .. 

761 

„     Society,  a  . . 

Colonial  Exhibition 

„    Tercentenary,  the.. 

Colonial  notes 

760 

Potatos  for  salad . . 

Conferenc-JS.  the  . . 

Pteris  tremula  var  gran- 

Eucalypti  .. 

diceps     

7i7 

Eupalonura      Weinman- 

Rose    Lady   Mary   Fitz- 

nianum 

757 

Florists'  flowers    .. 

Salvia  aurea 

Flower  garden,  the 

Silver  Fir.  Low's . . 

755 

Foreign     correspondence 

7';'; 

Skin  of  the  leaf,  the 

754 

Forestry 

751 

Societies  ;— 

Fruit  growing 

750 

Aberdeen 

750 

Fruit  register 

750 

Banbury 

7  50 

Fruits  under  gla« 

National    Chr>'santhe- 

Gaullheria  procumbens.. 

75S 

mum    .. 

750 

Gould.  J 

70 1 

Royal  Caledonian 

Gonioscypha  eucomoides 

Royal  Horticultural    .. 

75li 

Scottish    Horticultural 

760 

hard-wooded     .. 

Smithfield  Club 

750 

Hedges,      pruning      and 

Solanums     on    the    wild 

switching 

forms  of  tuberous 

74t> 

Herbaceous  border 

Streptocaly.x         FUrsten- 

Horticultuial   e.'chibitions 

bergii 

Kitchen  gardening,  the  ,. 

Tobacco  culture  and  har- 

Obituary :  — 

vesting    .. 

757 

Grote,  A 

7b. 

,,     effects  of  on  the  land 

740 

Pohlmann.  E 

76. 

Trees  and  shrubs . . 

760 

Orchid  growers,  hard  and 

Vegetable  tumours 

754 

fast  rules  for     . . 
ILL 

750 
JSTF 

Weather,  the 
UTIONS. 

761 

•  753 
757 

Celery  fungus 



■'  Kish  ■■  or  Irish  Potato  basket 

Pot  for  boiling  Potatos.  I 

ish    . 

740 

745 

749 

Spade  used  in  Ireland  in 

cultiv 

ating  Potatos 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE   OFFICE 

TELEQRAUS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,  LONDON." 


NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 

Post-office  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 

be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

A  Descriptive  List  of 
T     LYE'S     NEW     FUCHSIAS 

fj  •  for  1887,  now  ready. 

The  Gardens,  Clyffe  Hall.  Market  Lavington,  Wilts. 

CE  L  O  G  Y  N  E  C  R  I  S  T  A  T  A , 

with  bloom-spikes,  well  grown,  very  cheap. -TRUSTEES 
of  the  lale  J.  Stevenson,  The  Nurseries.  Timpeilev. 


Rhubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing. 

STRONG  Wfc-LL-MADE  PUTS  for  the 
above.-G^RDEN  POT.-i,  ORCHID  POTS,  ALPINE 
POTS,  FF,RN  PANS,  SEED  PANS,  and  all  other  GARDEN 
POTTERY  of  the  best  quality  can  be  supplied  by 

I.  MATTHEWS,  Royal  Pottery.  Weslon-Super-Mare. 
Price  List   Free. 


'MPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

Sjecial  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION. 

10,  Cullum  Street.  London,  E.C. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata. 
logue  Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Keonard).  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  Floriculture  Loncon."      Established  1854. 


Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders.  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM,   J,   WELCH    begs   to   call   particular 
attention  to  his  proJuctions  for 
ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS.  MAGAZINES.  CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  GardcTters'  ChronicU,  1883  to  1886. 
Addrbss,    35,   WeUtngtoa   Street,    Strand,    London,    W.C, 


W 


To  the  Trade. 
AITE,  NASH  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 

.1  CATALOGUE  toall  their  Cu.tomers.     If  not 
ved  another  copy  w.li  be  forwarded  on  application. 
79,   Soulhwark   Sireet,  London,  .S.E. 


Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurieries,   Hereford  (Estabhshei  J795). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  loaether 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  'Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limiiedl,"  these  Old-estat-li-hed 
Nurseries  will,  on  aid  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford.  — October  i,  1886. 

Dissolution  of  Partnership. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  the  last  ten  years 
Copartner  with  John  Lung,  at  Forest  Hill,  S.E. .  has 
PURCHASED  THE  BUSlNEbSES  known  as  the  East 
Surrey  Seed  Warehouse  (established  upwards  of  55  years). 
North  End.  Croydon  ;  also  the  Uoper  Tooting  Park  and  Bal- 
ham  Hdl  Nurseries.     CATALOGUES  now  ready. 

AING'S  DUTCH  BULBS.  —  The  finest 
Roots.  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS.  NARCISSU~.  CRO- 
CUS. SNOWDROPS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY.  SPIR/E\. 
and  other  Forcing  Plants  and  Shrubs.  Importations  trom  best 
sources  only. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — The    finest 

Dwarf  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  6.'. 
per  dozen,    package   included.     Special  prices   for  quantities. 
The  Trade  supplied. 
A.   U.   GORRINGE,    75,   Terminus    Road,    Eastbourne. 

P    I    R   ^    A        JAP     O    N    I    C   A, 

fine  Imported  Clumps,  izr.  6d.  per  100. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  (Ge.man  Crowns),  very  fine. 

Low  offers  on  application. 

WATKINS   AND    SIMPSON,   Seed  and    Bulb  Merchants, 

Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W  C. 

L  ILIUM  AURATUM.  —  Good,  plump, 
sound  Bulbs,  65.,  9c.,  izr.,  i8y.,  and  24J.  per  dozen; 
extra  strong.  3or  aid  42^-  per  doien.  All  other  good  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM    BULL'S  Eslabli  hment  for  New  and  Rate 
Plants,  536,  Kings  Road,  Chelsea.  London,  S.W. 

Just  Publlshea. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85;  con- 
taining  all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  ;  oSering  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Walk, 
Colchester. 

MANETTI         STOCKS. 
20,000  for  Sale. 
J.    LAKE,    Westerham    Hill,    Kent. 


SPRUCE  FIRS  for  Christmas  Trees,  good 
shape  and  colour,  2  to  3  feet,  i2f.  per  100,  ;^5  per  looD. 
Strong  Austrian  PINES,  2  to  3  feet,  20J.  per  100.  Fine 
LAURELS,  2  to  3  feet,  ijs.  per  1^0. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 


Grape  Vines  and  Strawherrles  (In  pots). 

FRANCIS   R.    KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  apijlication. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Richnond.  Surrey. 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CU  T  FLOWERS  in  any  quanthy.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 


MESSRS.  GREGORY  and  EVANS, 
Noeservmen,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any 
quantity  for  their  Commission  Department.  Boxes  and  Labels 
supplied. 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  Commission,  Sidcup." 

Q  U  E  L  C  H      AND      B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

NotthRow.CoventGarden.  London,W.C.,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
■      fine  Black  Grapes.  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c. 


SQUELCH     AND     BARNHAM, 
giving  personal  attention  to  all    consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obiain  the  HIGHEST  MAKKET  PRICE. 

Q  U  E  L  C  H      AND      BARNHAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 

CHEQUES   forwarded   weekly. 

BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


D 


MARECHAL    NIEL    ROSE.  —  On    Sale, 
many  thousands,  in  pots  ;  grand  plants,  s  to   12  feet  in 
length,  i8r.  to  tos.  per  dozen. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO-,  Clapton  Nursery,  London,  E. 

WARE   ROSES  on  Seedling  Brier,   first- 
class  Plants,  be.t  sorts,  2or.  per  too  or  2005.  per  1000. 

LIST  on  application, 
j'pp'y  D.,  Mr.   Sm'th,  Po.t-Office,  Brockley,  S  E. 

/"1HRYSANTHEMUMS.  — New  Descriptive 

yj       CATALOGUE  of  al   ihe    New  and    Choice   Varieties 
considered    worth  cultivaii^n,  with  Cultural   Directions.      750 
varieties  in  stock.     Post-free  3/. 
ROBERT  OWEN,  Floral  Nursery,  Castle  Hil',  Maidenhead. 

A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw- 
biense,  hybridum,  and  all  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  i,  2,  to  3  feet,  beautitully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand,  on  applicaiion  to 
JOHN  CR-iNSTON  &  CO.,  King's  Acre  N urseries,  Hereford. 


FLOWERING  SHRUBS.— LILAC,  MOCK 
ORANGE.  WEIGELA.  ALMOND.  ALTHEA,  BER- 
BERIS,  CHERRY.  CYTISSUS,  HYDRANGEA.  HYPERI- 
CUM, MEZEREUM,  RIBES.  SPIR.«\,  RHUS,  VIBUR- 
NUM. &c.;  8t.  per  dozen,  SOS.  per  too.    Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,   Nurserymen,  Worcester. 


Rhododendrons 
TOHN   WATERER   AND    SONS,  Bagshot, 

O  Surrey,  aie  the  Great  Exhibitors  of  Hardy  Scarlet  and 
White  RHODODENDRONS.  Their  CATALOGUE  is  ready, 
and  may  be  had  on  application. 


Hollies  for  Hedges. 

JOHN  CRANSTON  AND  CO.   offer  a  very 
fine  stock  of  Gieen  HOLLIES  for  Hedges.  Sizes,  6.  9,  18. 
24,  to  36  inches.   Prices,  with  samples  if  desired,  on  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO..  King's  Acre,  Herjfird 

OSES— ROSES— KOSES— Strong  Plants, 

best  varieties  1—30  H.  P.'s  and  10  Teas  lor  21J.  Teas  in 
pots,  gr.  and  121.  per  doz  ,  751.  per  too  and  upwards.  Standard 
H.P.'s,  choice  vars.,  12s.  per  doz.  Six  large  PALMS  to  be  sold 
cheap.       EDWIN  HILLIER,  Nurseries,  Winchester. 

ORCHIDS^a^SPlTciALTY.  —  Stock 
immense  in   extent,    fine   in  qualitj*,   and    moderate   in 


WPAGE  has  fine  PLANES,   12  feet,  £s 
.     terico;    ditto,  4  to  5  feet.  £1  per  ico.     Oral-leaf 
PRIVETS,  3  feet,  i;j.  per  too.     VIRGINIAN  CREEPER, 


Fold,  Willoughby  Lane,  Totten 


w 


HINHAM'S       INDUSTRY       GOOSE- 

■  ■  BERRY.— The  original  stock  of  this  variety,  raised 
by  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Whinhjm,  o(  Morpeth,  iffered  in  fine 
plants,  41.  per  dozen.     Trade  Price  on  application. 

THOMAS  MATHESON,  Nurseries.  Morpeth. 

To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  kinds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offeis  of  the  same — 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  ot  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYEGRASSES  and  NATURAL  GR.^SSES— to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 

The  New  Raspberry. 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(A  Seedling.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.     Fiist- 
class  Certificate.  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Large  Canes,  ji^  per  too,  gt.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowance  to  Trade.     5  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A.  FAULKNER,  Inkpen,  Hungerlord. 

CI  RAPE   VINES.— Our  stock   of   Vines   is 
y     in  unusually  fine  condition  this  year.     A   LIST  of  kinds 
and  Prices  will  be  forwarded  on  application  to 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  Upper 
Holloway.  London,  N. 

AMPTON      COURT      BLACK      HAM- 

BURGH  VINES.— Extra  strong  Fruiting  Canes  of  the 
above,  and  all  other  leading  varieties,  at  greatly  reduced  prices. 
T.  JACKSON  and  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 

fp  H  E      FINEST      NEW       PEAS 

SHARPE'S  QUEEN,  2s.  per  K  pint  sealed  packet. 

„     SIR  F.  A.  MILLBANK,  as.  per  H  pint  sealed  pkt. 

„     TRIUMPH,  21.  6i  per  pint  sealed  packet. 

,,    PARAGON,  ir.  6s^.  per  pint  sealed  packet. 

Post-free.      Special    deiCtiptive    offer    of   these   and    other 

Novelties  sent  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

CHARLES  SHARPS  and  CO.,  Seed  Merchants,  Sleaford. 


738 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  i8 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Monday  Next. 

FINAL    SALE    OF    DUTCH    BULBS    THIS    SEASON. 

20OO  LILIUM    AUKATUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  thtir  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  EC,  on  MONDAY  NEXT,  Decetnber 
n,  at  half-past  It  o'clock  precisely,  without  reserve,  500  lots 
of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS,  NARCISSUS,  and 
other  ROOTS  from  Holland.  Also  Jooo  very  fine  Kulbs  of 
LILIUM  AURATUM,  from  Japan. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

WedneEday  Next. 

1000  LILIUM  AURATUM  from  Japan,  very  fine  bulbs, 
200  CYPRIPEDIUM  SPECTABILE,  splendid  masses; 
500  CAMELLIAS,  AZALEAS.  PALMS,  and  other 
Plants,  many  in  flower  ;  600  Eui;lish  grown  Standard  and 
Dwarf  ROSES,  a  choice  assortment  of  English  B^wn 
LILIES  and  other  hardy  Bulbs,  BARR'S  DAFFODI  LS, 
LILIES  OFTHE  VALLEY,  510SPIR/EA  JAPONICA, 
CARNATIONS,  &c. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE    and    MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  bv  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale    Rooms,    67  and  68,  Cheap,ide,  EC.  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT    December  15,  at  halfpist  12  o'Clo.  k  precisely. 
On  view  mornirg  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 
CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA,  grand  lot. 
ANGRjECUM  SANDERIANUM,  new,  splendid  importation. 

„    KIMB4LLIANUM,  new. 

,.     GERMINYANUM,  new. 
ONCIDIUM  BICOLOR,  fine  lot. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT.  December  17.  at  hall-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  a  splendid  importation  of  CATTLEYA 
GASKELLIANA,  just  received  in  fine  condition,  many  com- 
pact and  several  large  masses  being  among  ihem  ;  leaves  broad, 
and  some  very  di-tinct  looking.  Also  a  suoerb  lot  of  the  beau- 
tiful new  ANGK^CUM  SANDERIANUM  in  splendid  con- 
dition, plants  being  compact  and  well  shaped.  The  individual 
flowers  are  near  Kolschvu,  but  ihe  flowers  are  borne  more 
abundantly  on  spikes,  often  teaching  twenty-five  in  number  ; 
they  are  pure  white,  including  tails  12  inches  long.  It  is  alto- 
gether a  fine  new  Orchid.  At  the  same  time  will  be  Sold 
ANGRVECUM  GERMINYANUM  (a  few  plants  of  this 
spleodin  ncvelty),  a  veiy  free  bl  oming  species  ;  flowers  very 
large  and  pure  while.  ANGRyECUM  K1MB.4LLIANUM, 
a  magnificent  new  Angiajcum.  producing  erert  spikes  of 
flowers  olten  . caching  twenty-five  in  number;  ANGB-ECUM 
SrOTTIANUM,  A.  LEONII,  ONCIDIUM  BICOLOR, 
STANH0PEAWARDII,TRICHOPILIA  species,  ANGR/E- 
CUM  species  not  seen  in  flower,  CATTLEYA  PERCIVAL- 
lANUM,  ONCIDIUM  NUBIGENUM,  and  many  other 
ORCHIDS. 

On  view  m-irning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Flowering  Orchids.  December  21. 

SPECIAL  SALE  FOR  CHRISTMAS  DECORATION. 

MESSRS-  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
will  take  ulace  as  above,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to 
RECEIVE  NOTICE  cf  ENTRIES  as  EARLY  as 
POSSIBLE. 


Monday  Next.— (Sale  No.  72<)7.) 
FIRSl-CLASS    DUTCH    BULBS,    &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  18,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  MONDAY  NEXT,  December  13, 
at  haK-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  several  hundred  lots  of  fine 
HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUSES,  SNOWDROPS. 
NARCISSUS,  LILIUMS.  GLADIOLI,  and  other  DUTCH 
BULBS,  BARR'S  DAFFODILS,  CHIONODOXA,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  and  Saturday  Next. 
HARDY     PLANTS     AND     BULBS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Gie.it  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  and  SATURDAY 
NEXT,  December  15  and  18,  at  hilf-past  12  u'Clock  precisely 
each  day.  First-  class  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES,  to  name'; 
Ornamental  SHRUBS  and  CONIFERS,  FRUIT  TREES, 
of  sorts  ;  BORDER  PLANTS,  and  a  greafvariety  of  DUTCH 
BULBS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7301.) 

10,000  grand  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATUM,  just  received 
from  Japan,  in  the  finest  possible  oondition  ;  5000  South 
African  TUBEROSES,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Gieat  Rooms, 
38  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT.  December  16. 

On  v;ew  moniing  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7301.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  ol  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  and  BUD. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TllDN,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W  C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  December  16,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  choice  COLLECTION  of  OR- 
CHIDS in  Fower  and  Bud,  including,  amongst  other  fine  things, 
Ccclogyne  ctistata  alba  (two  plants).  Cypripedium  cardiiiale, 
Odontoglossum  AlexandiE  Stevensi,  grand  plant  with  37 
flowers:  Lselia  anceps  Percivaliana,  Masdevallia  racemosa 
Crossii,  Dendrobium  nobile  nobilius,  Cypripedium  Arthiirianum, 
C.  Leeanum  supeibum,  C.  albo  purpureum,  C.  Hairisianum 
superbum,  C  vexillariuro,  C.  Sedeni  candidulum,  Masdevallias, 
Oncidiums,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


TO  FLOWER  GROWERS. —  We  hold 
SALES  by  AUCTION  in  our  Vaults,  in  the  Market 
Hall,  every  TUESDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
Groweis  will   find    Birmingham  a  good  maikel.     Cheque  for- 


w 


ANTED    TO    RENT,     a    Small    Glass 

NURSERY,  Maiket  or  otherwise.    Send  particulars  to 
J.  M.,  43,  Park  Terrace  East,  Horsham,  Sussex. 


Handbridge  Nurseries,  Chester. 

TO     NURSERYMEN     AND     SEEDSMEN. 

TO  BE  SOLD  by  Tender,  the  GOODWILL 
in  the  above  NURSERIES,  held  under  a  lease  from  His 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Westminster,  K.G.,  for  an  unexpired  term  of 
nine  years,  at  an  annual  rent  of  /50  loj  ,  and  extending  in 
reage  of  7  a.  2  r.  2i  p  ,  which  is  in  a  high  state  of 


ultii 


lichc 


Together  with  the  valuable  stock  growing  tht 
gists  of  young  and  healthy  Trees,  Plants,  &c.,  cipable  of  imme- 
diate removal  for  business  purposes.  Arrangements  can  be  made 
for  a  transferof  the  Lease.  A  detailed  Inventory  and  Valuation 
can  be  inspected  at  the  Offices  of  the  undersigned  Solicitors. 

Tenders  must  be  left  with  us  not  later  than  the  15th  day  of 
DECEMBER  inst.,  and  the  Vendors  wUl  not  be  bound  to 
accept  the  lowest  or  any  Tender. 

Further  information  and  to  inspect,  may  be  obtained  from 
BRlDilMAN,  WEAVER,  AND  JONES,  Solicitors,  Newgate 
Street,  Chaster. _^_ 

To  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  Qardeners,  &c. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  FREEHOLD  GLASS 
NURSERY.  SEED,  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  in 
one  of  the  best  manufacturing  parts  of  Yorkshire.  A  chance 
seldom  to  be  met  with,  the  owner  and  occupier  wishing  to 
retire  from  business. 

Apply  by  letter,  B.  C,  Gatdtnirs'  Chronicle  Oflice,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

'yO   BE   LET,   or   SOLD,  8  miles   north   of 

-L  Covent  Garden,  a  NURSERY  of  Ten  Greenhouses, 
Stables,  &c.,  and  a  seven-roomed  Dwelling-house,  all  in  good 
condition.     If  sold,  part  can  remain  at  s  per  cent. 

Apply,  bv  letter  in  first  instacce,  to'  J.  W  ,  Mr.  S.  Jacobs, 
Fruit  Merchant.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


"(O     LET,  a  Small  NURSERY,  of  2  Acres, 

-     in  the  healthiest  part  of  Mattock.     No  glass.     Stock  low. 
Particulars  ol  Mr.  MARRIOTT,  Lime  House,  Walsall. 


Landscape  Gardening. 

HF.  MALLER  (of  the  firm  of  B.  Mailer  & 
•  Sons),  late  pupil  ot  the  Crystal  Palace  School  of  Land- 
scape Gardening,  is  prepared  to  FURNiSH  PLANS,  or  under- 
take any  kind  of  the  above  work.  — 6i.  High  Street,  Levvi^ham. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  and  CO.,  Seed 
MEBtHANTS,  Sleaford,  having  now  completed  Harvested 
their  selected  Stocks  of  SWEDES,  TURNIPS,  MANGELS, 
and  other  varieties  of  Agricultural,  Kitchen  Garden  and 
Flower  Seeds,  will  have  rauchplea-ure  in  making  Special  Offers 
to  the  Trade  on  application. 


VINES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black  Ham- 
bu'gh  and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  loj.  dd.  each  ;  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines.  51.  and  75.  6d.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULIURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston,  Liverpool. 

Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 
VERGREENS. 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 


E 


THE         GOLDEN        LARCH 
(PSEUDO-LARIX   KAEMPFERI). 
Good  Seed  is  offered  at  the  following  price  for  cash  ;  — 1000  seeds 
for  25  francs  {£,1),  10,000  seeds  for  200  francs  (^81. 
FRATELLI    ROVELLI,    Nurserymen,    Pallanza.    Italy. 


SPECIAL 
PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  2  to  3  feet, 
fine  and  good  rooted,  from  3or,  to  j<,t.  per  i 

GOLDEN  EUONYMUS,  splendid  colour,  bi 
pots,  from  15J-  to  50J.  per  ico :  2r.  (yd.  to  gr.  per  d 

ELCOMBE  AND  St)N,  Nurserymen,  Komsey,  Hampsh: 


OFFER. 

eet,  3  to  4j^  feet ;   extra 


variety. 


Putney,  London,  S  W. 

"\;\riLLIAM    ICETON    begs   to 

VV       Tr.ide  that    he  has  a  very  fine    Colle 

inform   the 

tion  of  all    the 

leadin    PALMS  and  FOLIAGE  PLANTS,  at 

easonable  rate. 

Splendid  Specimens. 

CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANAandTHUIA 
LOBBII.-14  to  20  feet,  will  transplant  with  splendid 
Balls,  mostly  removed  in  June,  1885.  To  be  sold  cheap  to  clear 
the  land.     For  price  apply  to 

CRANSTON'S   NURSERY  and  SEED   CO.    (Limited), 
King's  Acre.  Hereford. 


SEAKALE  for  Forcing,  superior  selected 
Crowns,  gys.  per  roco.  Orders  to  he  accompanied  by 
Cheque  or  Post-office  Order —ALFRED  ATWOOD,  Grower, 
51,  thillington  Slreet,  Battersea.  S.W. 


HG.  TRENKMANN,Wei5senfels,  on  the 
•     Saale.  Germany,  Raissr  of  fine  FLOWER  SEEDS, 
offers  the  same  at  the  cheapest  prices. 

A  CATALOGUE  sent,  post-free,  on  application. 


PRIVET.— A  Large  Stock  of  exceedingly  fine 
bushy   cval-leaved  Privet,   4  to  6  feet   high.     Price   on 
application  to 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries.  Kingston-on-Thames. 


ROSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  The    best 
and  cheapest  in  the  world.     Forty  choice  Perpeluals  for 
■21s.     Purchaser's  selection   from  a        ' 
LOGUES   free  on  apphcation,     1 
grand  plants  ro  select  from. 

JAMES  WALTERS,  Rose  Grower.  Exelc 


of  Roses, 


CATA- 


SHRUBS  and  CONIFERv^.— Laurustinus, 
2  feet,  bushy,  3?^.  per  100.  Arbutus  Unedo,  2  feet,  40J. 
per  100.  Aucuba  japonica,  2  to  '2%  feet,  ^os.  per  100.  Box, 
Tree,  sorts,  ij^  to  2  feet,  3C5  per  100  Common  Lnurels.  2  feet, 
125.  per  TOO.  Cotchic  Laurels,  2  to  2%  feet,  i6s.  per  ico. 
Grislinia  littoralis,  2  feet,  355.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay.  1  '^  to  z  feet, 
30J.  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  ijX  to  2  feet,  331.  per 
loa;  ditto,  2  to  23^  feet,  401.  per  100.  extra  fine.  Abies 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  30,1.  per  loo ;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet.  40J.  per 
100  ;  ditto,  4  to  s  feet,  70J.  per  100,  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbricata,  z  to  7:%  feet,  421,  per  dozen;  ditto,  3  to 
^Yi  feet,  6qs  per  dozen.  tJupressus  T,awsonii,  i%  to  2  feet, 
i6i  per  loo  ;  ditto,  2  to  3%  feet,  2oi.  per  100;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet, 
5oy.  per  100.  Cupressus  erecta  viridis,  i\^  to  2  feet,  30J.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet.  4or.  per  100.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
1%  to  2  feet,  T.i^s.  per  100  ;  ditto,  2  to  2j^  feet,  40J.  per  io3, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniaoa,  2  feet,  40J.  per  100.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  7%  feet,  25,r.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  1000  for  smaller 
sizes.     GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 


VINES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black  Ham- 
burgh  and  other  Fruiting  Vines,  los.  6d.  each  ;  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines,  5^.  and  71.  6J.  each.  All 
in  splendid  condition.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan). 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 


To   the   Trade. 
SEED  POTATOS 

HAND     F.     SHARPE'S     Special     Price 
•     LIST  of  SEED  PO  PATOS  is  now  ready,  and  may  be 
had  on  application.     It  comprises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cul- 
tivaticn   grown  specially   for    Seed    purposes    from   the   finest 
selected  stocks.     The  pices  will  be  found  very  advantageous. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


ROSES  — ROSES  — ROSES. —  Gloire  de 
Dijon,  Marechal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietta,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richatdson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  S  to  12  feet  long,  in  7. inch  pots.  2S.  6d.,  js,  and  3;.  6d, 
each  :  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardins.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  vaneties,  line  plants  in  7-inch  pots,  ^41.  and  301.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  Qoha  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

There  is  but  one 
LEMATIS,   WHITE  JACKMANNI, 

and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  31.   each. 

,  the 


c 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  o( 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  bedding,  from  121.  to  24J,  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

ILIUM    AURATUM.— MoRLE    &    Cq.'s 

consignments  are  now  arriving  in  splendid  condltiof, 
aranteed.  The  cheapest  forqualily  in  the  trade.  Fine,  sound, 
m,  heavy  Bulbs,  4s..  Cs.,  qs.,  and  123.  per  dozen  ;  30?.,  45^. 
75r.  per  100.     Samples  on  application. 

I  and  2,  and  162.  Fenchurch  Street,  Loodon,  EC. 


L 


Special   Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  for 
Sale  soo.ooo  RHODODENDRONS,  varying  in  size 
from  4  10  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet— Cunningham's  White. 
Jacksoni,  caucasicum,  pictum.  Seedling  Hybrids.  Hybrid 
ponticum,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plants. 
HOLLIES,  CONIKERS,  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quantities;  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis  and  post- 
free,  on  application  to  the  Nurseries.  Milton,  Stoke-on-TreLt. 
Our  Nurseries  are  no  acres. 

PPLE,    "BISMARCK."— We   have  much 

pleasure  in  offering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  5s.  each ;  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

WARE  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest   kinds. 

The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selection  No.  i,  sos.  per  100. 

,,  ,,    3,  too  ridiculous  to   name,   bat 

purchasers  for  cash  may  certainly  make  advantageous  terms. 
CHARLES  NOBLE.  Bagshot. 

New  Early  Peas. 

To  the  Trade  and  Growers  for  Early  Market. 

EARLY   KENILWORTH   and  WILLIAM 
THE  CONQUEROR. 
These  two  gems  have  no  equ.ils  for  Earliness,  Cropping,  Colour, 
and  Table  Quality. 
Testimonial,  and  price  Iree  on  application  to 
W.  BURBURY,  Seedsman,  &c..  The  Crew,  Kenilworth. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 20  inches  high  — Latania  borbonica,  is.  6d.  ;  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ij.  6d.  :  Areca  lutescens,  is.  6d  ;  Pho;  ,  x 
reclinata,  is  6d.  ;  Euterpe  edutis,  is.  6d.  ;  Corypha  austral  s, 
15.  6d.  :  six  for  8r..  or  12J.  6d.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  21.  to  51.  each 

PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  high— Latania  bo  . 
bonica,  Seaforthia  elegans, Phoenix  tenuis  and  Phccnix  reclinau, 
6d.  each,  or  4s.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free. 

Large  PAllMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  5s.  to  501.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

ANDRE  LEROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angeri, 
France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collectio.,s 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUli-l. 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES.  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUlf 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878- 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 


90, 


Thai 


,  London.  E.C. 


To  the  Trade. 
Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  AGRICULTURAL  SEED?. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  are  now  prepared  to 
•  give  special  quotations  of  all  the  principal  varieties  of 
VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  raised  on  their  own  Setd 
Farms  this  season  from  the  choicest  selected  stocks.  The 
quality  is  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  very  low.  Samples  may 
be  had  on  application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

FRUIT  TREES.— ^ell-ripened  clean  treesT 
Best  sons  of  APPLES,  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES,  Standards  and  Pyramids,  rj.  6d.  to  2S.  6d.  each  ; 
Trained,  us  6d  to  3S.6d.  each  APKICOTS,  NECTARINES, 
and  PEACHES,  extra  large  trained  Fruiting  Trees,  51.  to  JS.  6d 
each.  CATALOGUES  gratis. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

O  THE  TRADE.— Green   EUONYMUS. 

splendid,  weU*grown  stuff,    i   foot     12s.  ;  1^  fool,  i6j.  ; 
a  feet,  251.  per  100  :  very  strong  and  bushy. 

A.  U.  GORRINGE,  7s,  Terminus  Road,  Eastbourne. 


December  ii, 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLH. 


739 


Finest  Quality,  Extra  Cheap. 

MORLE       AND      CO.     offer:  — 
AZALEA  INDICA,  full  of  flower-buds,  i5i.,  2"-.  aod 

CAMELLIAS,  full  ol  flower-buds,  rte,  241.,  to  361.  per  dozsn  ; 

specimens.  51.  10  151.  each. 
RHODODENDR(}N.S,  finest  named,  181.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 
DEUrZlA  GRACILIS,  extra  strong,  6j.  per  oozen. 
SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  extra  strong,  ^s.  per  dozen. 
LILV  nf  the  VALLEY,  extra  strong  Berlin  Crowns.  61.  per  ico. 
TUBEROSES,  Double  African  and  American  Pearl.     Lareest 

and   cheapest  stock   in   the   Trade.      See    special    LIST. 

Trade  Supplied. 
MORLE    AND   CO..   I  and  7.   Fenchurch   Street  ;    and  at 
Child's  HiU  Farm  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 

CLEMATIS  JACKMANN I,  very  Strong  and 
broad,  6  or  7  feet  high.  .£3  151.  ;  5  or  6  feet  hinh.  (,1,  per 
ICO.  Package  included ;  free  in  Rotterdam.  Orders,  cash 
payment,  or  P.O.O. 

BOQY  *ND  R03BERGEN.  Boskoop,  Holland. 

SAMUEL  AND  JAMES  SMITH,  Tansley 
Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  offer  per  1000,  viz.  :-ELDER, 
Golden,  q  to  12  inches,  355  ;  i  to  ij^  foot,  40r.  ;  iJ4  to  2  feet, 
60J.  RHODODENDRON  PONTICUM.  syr.  and  z-yr. 
bedded,  los.  ;  twice  transplanted.  501.  BROOM,  transplanted, 
loj.  GORSE.  isr  SNOWRERRV,  i-yr.  6s.  :  1;^  to  2  feet, 
151.  EUONYMUS  RADICANS  VARIEGATA,  i-yr.  201. 
WEIGELA  ROSEA  VARIEGATA,  i-yr,  3  s.  PINUS 
AUSlRIACAand  LARICIO,  610  12  inches,  I7J.  SPRUCE, 
9  to  IS  inches,  71.  SCOTCH  FIR.  i>i  to  2  feet,  20J.  ALDER, 
3  to  4  feet,  255.  BIRCH,  i  to  iJ4  foot,  12s.  ;  i^  to  3  feet.  20J. 
HAZEL,  i^  to  2  feet,  i8j.  OAK,  iji  to  2  feet,  15s.  ;  2  to 
3  feet,  241.  POPLAR,  Bhck  Italian,  I-yr.,  61. ;  3  to  4  feet,  211.  ; 
Ontario,  i-yr.,  is.  SYCAMORE,  i  to  \\i  foot,  91.;  ij^  to 
2  feel,  ISJ.  WILLOW,  four  sorts,  i-yr,  fl.  ;  iM  to  2  feet, 
I2t.  ■  2  to  3  feet,  20S  Following  per  100,  viz.  :— ANDRO- 
MEDA FLORIBUNDA,  9  to  15  inches,  3W.  AZALEA, 
mixed  I  to  i!^  foot,  30s  DIPLOPAPUS  CHRYSOPHYLLA. 
I  toi}^  foDt,  I2J.  IVY,  maculata  m>jor,  121.  RETINO- 
SPORA  PLUMOSA  AUREA,  9  to  12  inches,  211.  ;  i  to  iK 
foot,  35J.  WHIN.  Double,  9  to  is  inches,  201.  RHODO- 
DENDRON PONTICUM,  I  to  iK  foot,  iSi.  ;  1^4  to  2  feet, 
3or.  :  2  10  2'^  feet.  4cr.     LIST  fiee. 

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Having  taken  this 
Season  2  1  Prizes  pioves  the  health  of  our  stock.  See 
Gardening  papers  and  Advertisement.  E.  Mo'yneux's  "  Book  on 
Chrysanthemums."     CATALOGUES  3<i.  each. 


W.J 


I  G.  DROVER,  Florist,  Fatehai 


ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS.  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ir.  per  dozen  ;  5r.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  \s.  per  dozen:  45.   per  100:  35s. 

VIO^AS°?nd  bedding  PANSIES.  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  11.  f>d.  per  doz;  8r.  per  100. 

250,000  Of  the  finest   Hardy  Perennials. 

all  be,t  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES.  6r.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3s.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  3s.  id.  per  dozen. 
PHLOXES.  I  year,  35.  ;  2  years,  sr.  per  dozen. 
PYRE  THRUMS.  4!.  per  dozen  ;  23J.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double    white,  lilac  and   sulphur,  31.    M.  per 

PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  45.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  German  IKIS,  21.  td.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  English  IRIS.  ir.  per  dozen  :  %s.  per  too. 

HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  41.  per  dozen  :  251. 
per  100. 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shades,  31.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  PERENNIALS  in  variety,  for  contmuous  bloom, 
12  kinds,  35  ;  25kinds.  6r.  ;  50  kinds,  lar.  6ir.  ;  100  varieties, 
30J.  :  100  plants  in  50  varieties.  281.  ;  200  varieties,  6or. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  ;  five  houses  from  too  to  120 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  for  winter  and  spring  stock,  12  varieties.  6r.  ;  25 
varieties,  15J.  :  5°  "arieties,  351. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 
APPLES,  PEARS.   PLUMS,   and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 

9s.  and  125.  per  dozen  ;  Standards,  gr.,  125..  and  iSr.  per 

dozen  ■  dwarf-irained,  iSr.,  2ir.,  and  2ir.  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  2j.  td.loi!.  per  dozen, 

155.  to  205.  per  100. 
RASPBERRIES,  15  to  25.  per  dozen  :  6s.  to  12s.  ner  loo. 
RHUBARB,  4S.  to  6j.  per  dozen      CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,    35  of  the  best  varieties,  ground   plants. 

25.  dd.  per  100  ;  in  zj^inch  pots,  los.  ^d.  pet  too  ;  in  5-inch 

pots,  for  forcing,  25s.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  3s. 

to  5J.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  75.  id.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Roses. 
Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  cf  best  sorts  ;  i2  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  75.  :  50  fir  25s.  ;  100  for  45s. 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,  NOISETTES,  &c,,  6s.  per  dozen. 

CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 

Conifers,  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  all  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
roost  healthy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 
FOREST  TREES  of  sorts,  65.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  per  100. 
EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  65.  to  gs.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  and  60s. 

DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  4s.  per  dozen  : 

RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet, pink,  crimson,  &c-, 

shades,  i8s.  and  245.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  lor  hedges,   ;s.   per   ico  :    45s. 

per  1000. 
THORN  QUICKS,  20s.  and  25s.  per  1000. 

^^  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue.  

"WM.    ClilBRAN    «&    SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,  ALTRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 


BAR  R'S 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDY 

DAFFODILS. 

''  That  come  before  the  swallow  dares,  and  lake 
The  winds  of  March  wilh  beauty." 


BARR  &  SON.  12.  King  St,  Covent  Garden,  WC. 


BAR  R'S    NEW    OR    RARE   HARDY    DAFFODILS 

for  Pot-culture,  Flower  Beds  Borders,  &c  For  descriptive 
List  of  Varieties,  see  Adverci:>ement  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle.  October  30  ;  or  send  (or  B.  &  S.'s  Illustrated 
Daffjdil  Catalogue,  free  oq  application.  These  beautiful 
Daffodils  surpass  all  other  spring  floweri  for  in  and  outdor  r 
decoration,  and  as  cut  flowers  rank  with  the  Orchid  and 
the  Rose  In  the  London  Spring  Flower  Shows  for  20  yea^s 
bm's  Djffjdils  have  miintamed  a  leading  position,  and  are 
ackjiJwledged  ic  be  the  fairest  among  spring  fljwsrs. 

THE  ALDBOROUGH  COLLECTIOM  OF  CHOICE 
DAFFODILS—  TRUMPETS.  NONSUCH.  PEER- 
LESS. EUCHARIS  -  FLOWERED,  NELSON'S. 
BARR'S,  BURBIDGE'S.  &c  ,  DAFFODILS. 

3  each  of  50  varieties   631 ,  841..  to  1051. 


3  each  of  25  i 

S  each  of  12  varieties 


.  301, 


30s.,  425 
.OS.  bd., 

,to6,s. 

\ti.y     to     25J. 

ISJ  .   2>S 
105.  id.. 

75  id.i 

.  to  301- 

BARR'S      INEXPENSIVE      HARDY     DAFFODILS, 

in  Beds,  surpass  in  beauty  and  effect  all  other  spring 
flowers,  and  for  Masses  in  Flower  Borders  they  have  no 
equal.  In  Shrubberies  they  are  most  valuable,  and  when 
the  DaflFodil  is  required  as  Cut  Flowers,  beds  should  be 
planted  in  the  Kitchen  Garden.  If  as  a  Forced  Flower 
they  are  wanted,  plant  thickly  in  baxes  9  by  15  inches,  and 
4  inches  deep,  and  stand  the  box;*  out-of-doors,  covered 
with  ashes  or  cocoa-fibre,  till  the  boxes  are  full  of  roots. 
It  for  Pot-culture,  plant  three  or  more  bulbs  in  a  pDt,  and 
place  them  out-of-doors  until  the  pits  are  full  of  roots. 

For  Naturalisation,  plant  in  grass  or  by  lakes,  streams 
and  ornamental  waters,  and  thus  realise  what  Wordsworth 
saw  when  he  penned  the  following :  — 
"  I  wander'd  lonely  as  a  cloud 

That  floats  on  high  o'er  vales  and  hills. 
When  all  at  once  I  saw  a  crowd, 
A  host  of  golden  DaffodiU  ; 
Beside  the  lake,  beneath  the  trees. 
Fluttering  and  dancing  in  the  b.e:ze." 
The  culture  of  the  Dafl"jdil  li  simple,  growing  in  all  soils 
and  all  situations;     no  amount  of  frost  or    unfavourable 
weather  will  injure  bulb  or  flower.     Those  who  have  only 
an  unheated  greenhouse  can  keep  it  gay  wilh  these  flowers 
from  January  to  May. 

ASSORTMENTS     OF     INEXPENSIVE     DAFFODILS, 

EMBRACING    TRUMPETS,     NONSUCH,     POETI- 

CUS.  &c. 

I030  in  10  varieties,  841.;  in  20  varieties,  1205  ;  in  30  vars  ,  150J. 

45.r, ;  in  20  varieties,    63J. ;  in  30  van,    Zos. 

10s.  6^.;  in  zo  var.,   151.;  in  30  var.,  21J. 

^s.  6i.;  in  17  var.,  gr.;  in   25  var.,  12s.  6J. 

4f.  6:^.;  in  15  var.,  js.  6/,:  in  30  var..  12 j.  6d. 

3r.  6ii.,  41.  €ci  ,  5s  6d.,  and  js.  6d. 


VERY  CHEAP  &  BEAUTIFUL  DAFFODILS 

for  naturalisation,    shrubberies,     flower  borders,    &c. ,  and 
most  useful  lor  cut  fl^Arers  Perioo.  Per  doz. 

CHOICE  MIXED    DAFFODILS  for  natu-      s.  d.        s.  d. 
ralisation  or  for  shrubberies.,  per  1000.  42s.       56  10 

FINE    MI.XED    DAFFODILS  for  naturali- 
sation or  for  shrubberies       .  .per  loDO,  30s.       46  10 
GREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed 
varieties,  valuable  for  naturali- 
sation and  cutting,  per  1000,  63s.       76  13 
,     ,,     second-sized  bulbs,    per  loao,  30s.       46          09 
LENT    LILIES    OF    ENGLAND,    petals 
while,  trumpet  yellow,  valuable 
DafTodils      for      naturalisation, 

per  1000, 25s.       30  06 

,,    „    .,    second-sized  bulbs,  per  1000, 15s.      26  04 

GARLAND     LILIES    OF     SCOTLAND, 
petals   white,    trumpet    yellow, 
valuable  Daffodils  for  naturali- 
sation . .  per  looo,  42s.       56  10 
,             „     second-sized   bulbs,  per  1003, 2  ts.       30          06 
PRIMROSE  PEERLESS,  2,  3.or4flowered, 

petals  pure  white,  cup  yellow  . .  . .       36  06 

OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffodil),  very  early- 
flowering,  uniform  petal  and  trumpet     126  20 
extra-sized  bulbs     176          26 
SP'URIUS,  rich  full  yellow  petals  and  trum- 
pet, large  flower        . .         ..         ..     150  26 

second-SLZed  bulb    10    6  10 


Per  100.  Perdoz. 

CAMBRICUS,  sulphur-white    petals,   yellow      s.  d.  s.  d 

trumpet            150  2° 

PRINCEPS.  sulphur-white  petals,  very  large 

yellow  trumpet            >2     6  »     ° 

PALLIDU3  PR/ECOX,  a  great  beauty,  uni- 
form pale  sulphur  petals  and  trumpet  15     o  20 

TELAMONIUS  PLENUS,  strong  flowering 

bulbs 76  13 

,,     ..                                        very  large  bulbs  10    6  16 

INCOMPARABILIS,mixedvars.,  p.  10:0,425.  56  10 

„     FIGARO 15    o  »    5 

„     FAIRY          86  16 

„    GLOW          76  13 

.,     SUNLIGHT           7    6  •    3 

.,     SULPHUREUS 76  '     ' 

,,     ASTR.SA 76  13 

„    JOHN   BULL        15    o  »    ' 

,,     SANCHO 76  '3 

„    ALBIDUS 76  '3 

„    ANNIE  BADEN "6  26 

..     STELLA 10    6  16 

BARRII  GOLDEN  MARY 5    '">  ■    ° 

,.    SULPHUREUS 76  13 

„    ADA 10    6  16 

Al}07'e  fully  descrih-d  in  advertisement  oj    THE   CAR- 

DENERS'  CHRONICLE.   November  6;    or  Bar/s  lltns- 

traled  Daffodil  CATALOGUE. /ree  on  apflicatioK. 

BARR    &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

BEAUTIFUL  HYACINTHST 

TULIPS,    CROCUS,    SNOWDROPS, 

CHIONODOXA,    ANEMONES,  IRIS,    P.EONIES, 

LILIES,    IXIAS. 

BARE  &  SON,  13,  King  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


BARRS  BEAUTIFUL  LARGE  -  FLOWERING  HYA- 
CINTHS, for  pot-culture,  glasses,  vases,  bowls,  &c  ,  bulbs 
of  finest  quality. 

12  finest  vaiielies        5s.  6*/.,  7s.  6t/.  to    gs.  od. 

50       ',!  .',  305.  to  42s.  od. 

3  each  12  finest  varieties 15s.  to  sis.  w^. 

2  2^       .  ..         ..         ..         ..  30S-  to  425.  od. 

3  :,  50  ;!     .,    84s  to  105s.  orf. 

BARR'>  BEAUTIFUL  LARGE  FLOWERED  RAINBOW 
MI.XTORE  of  HYACINTHS,  for  beds  and  borders,  per 

BARR'S  BEAQTIFUL  LARGE  -  FLOWERED  HYA- 
CINTHS, in  distinct  colours,  for  beds  and  borders. 

6  each  10  varieties . .         ..  ..  ..  ..  ..      los.  6^. 

,i     ,.      10         21s.  orf. 

20     .,       10         3SS.  oV. 

3J     ,.      10         4Sr- o</. 

40    ,,      I)        63*.  o^. 

50    „      10        , . .     84s.  od. 

BARR'S    BEAUTIFUL   EARLY-FLOWERING  TULIPS. 

5  each  20  varieties  . .  . .  . .  . .  75.  id.  to  lor,  id. 

20     "     20         ,',         2 ;l.  to  351.  o^. 

40      ,,      20  ,,  ..  ..  ..  ..  425.  to  63s.  Otf. 

BARR'S  CROCUS.  large-fl  iwered  named  sorts. 
10  each  15  varieties  ..  ..       4s.  od. 

30    "     IS        '. las.id 

40    ,,     15        , 15J.  o». 

Large  bright  yellow  CROCUS,  per  1000,  los.  id.  to  15s.  ;  per 
lOO,  IS.  3J.  to  25. 
BARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  ENGLISH  and  SPANISH  IRIS. 

3  each  24  varieties los.  6d. 

5     „     24         "'''^i' 

IS     ',',     24         ,'!         35'.  oi. 

BARRS  BEAUTIFUL  LARGE-FLOWERED  BEARDED 
IRIS,  per  dozen,  35.  id.,  ss.  id  .  7s.  id.,  and  95.  ;  per  100, 

BEAUflFaL  IRIS  RETICULATA,  per  dozen,  55.  id.  ;  per 

BAr'r'S^TxIAS,  SPARAXIS,  TRITONIAS,  and  BABI- 
ANAS,  each  sort,  in  splendid  mixed  colours,  per  100,  ss.id; 

Assortments,  3  each,  30  vars  ,  rsf.  :    5  each,  3J  vars.,  21s. 
10     „       30     „       355.;  15     „      30      „      42s. 
SNOWDROPS,  double  or  single,  for  edging--,  per  1000,  21s. 

GALANTHUS  ELWESI.  the  giant  Snowdrop  of  the  Taurus 
Mountains,  the  largest,  most  distinct,  and  beautiful  of  the 
family,  very  hardy  and  splendid  for  edgings,  per  1000,  425.  : 
per  100,  55   id  :  per  dozen,  is. 

CHIONODOXA  LUCILI/E  (the  Glory  of  the  Snow),  flowers 
intense  Nemophila-blue,  with  a  clear  wbite  luminous  centre, 
a  grand  border  plant,  and  to  naturalise,  per  1000,  42s.  ;  per 
loi.  5s   it.;  per  dozen,  is. 

WOOD  HYACINTHS,  to  naturalise,  in  mixture,  per  1000, 
215.  ;  per  100,  3s.  id.  ;  per  dozen,  Zi. 

WOOD  HYACINTHS,  for  flower  borders,  in  ten  named  beauti- 
ful sorts,  per  too,  105.  id.  per  25,  3s 

LEUCOJUM  VERNUM  (spring  Snowflike),  a  beautiful  early 
spring  fliwer.  per  100.  6s.  id.  ;  perdo?en,  is. 

ANEMONES,  double  or  single,  mixed  colours, per  too,  31.  id. 
„     FULGENS,  rich  beautiful  scirlet,   per    too,  7s.  id.  and 
lor.  id.  ;  per  dozen,  is.  -^d.  to  is.  id. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  strong  clumps  for  forcing,  per 
dozen,  izs.  id.  and  155. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  strong  crowns  for  forcing,  per  100, 
75.  id. 

SPIR.^AJAPONICA.strongclumps  for  forcing,  perdoz.  7s.  67. 

BARR'S  LARGE  DOUBLE  PEONIES,  new  Chinese  vars., 
assortments,  js.id..  tos  id  ,  15s-.  21s.,  425.,  63s.  and  84s. 

BARR'S  NEW  SINGLE  P.'EONIES  in  assoitments,  7s.  id., 
los.  id..  155,215.  and  425. 

OLD-FASHIONED  DOUBLE  RED  P/EONY,  p.  doz.  los.ii. 
ROSE        „  „        155. 

WHITE    „  „        211. 

BARR'S  BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  assortments  for  outdoors  or 
indoors,  5s.  id  ,  7s,  id..  105.  id.,  15s,  21s.,  425.,  and  63s. 
Descriptive  Catalogue,  -with  prices,  free  on  application. 


BARR   &    SON, 

12,  King  Street,  Oovent  Garden,  W.C. 


740 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  ii,  iS86. 


THE    FINEST 

LATE  YELLOW 
CHEYSAl^THEIIJI 

IN  CULTIVATION  for  CUTTING  PURPOSES 

"Mrs.  JONES," 

WHICH  WAS  AWARDED  A 

FIR8T-CLA88    CERTIFICATE 

NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY, 

THIS     SEASON. 


It  is  a  sport  from  the  well-known  Japanese 
variety  "  E.THEI/,"  and  is  the  exact  counter- 
part of  that  favourite  variety  in  every  way, 
excepting  the  colour,  which  is  a  beautiful  rich 
bright  golden-yellow,  distinct  in  colour  from 
every  variety  in  cultivation.  1  shall  have  no 
quantity  of  flowers  until  CHRISTMAS,  the 
main  batch  will  be  at  their  best  from  that  time 
until  the  END  OF  JANUARY;  showing  it 
to  be  a  specially  LATE-flowering  variety. 

Having  pushed  on  a  few  plants  for  exhibition 
I  can  cut  a  few  flowers  at  once,  and  shall  be 
glad  to  post  specimen  blooms  to  any  who 
would  like  to  see  them. 


Established  Plants,  ready  April  1, 
Is.  6d,  each,  15s.  per  doz.,  lOOs.  per  tOO, 

Price  pi  r  looo  upon  application. 


THOMAS  S.WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIE.*^, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

To  the  Trade  Oniy. 

MESSRS.  DE  GRAAFF  BROS.,  Nursery- 
MEN.  Leiden,  Holland,  have  a  large  Stock  of  strong, 
healthy  Fhwenng  Bulos  of  the  follnwlng  :  — 
AMARYLLIS  CLEOPATRA,  very  free-fi  .wetine. 

,,     Darned  varieties  ;  the  finest  coUectiOD  \a  Europe. 

.,     seedline  s  of  the  best  varieties. 

„     FORMOSiSSlMA(JacobeaLily). 

,,     ,.     gUuca.  the  true  variety. 
AGAPANIHUS  UMliELLATUS. 
ARUM  CORNUTUM. 
CACTUS  DAHLIA  JUAREZ!. 

„    ,.     CONSTANuE. 
TIGRIDIA  CONCHIFLORA  GRANDIFLORA 
GLOXINIAS,  finest  named  varieties,  and  in  mi.vtuie. 
HET.LEBORUS,  fine  seedling  varieties. 
PH./EDRANASSA  GLORIOSA. 

„    SCHIZANTHA. 
PLATYCODON  GRANDIFLORA. 

RICHARDIA  ALBO^MACULATA,  the  white  sootted-leaved 
,  ..  „.  [Arum  Lily. 


MONTBRETIA  POTTSII. 
CROCOSM/EFLORA. 

Price  on  applit 


FFoz  and  Game  Covert. 
OREST  TREES.  —  English  BROOM, 
loj.  M.  per  i03o:  English  FURZE,  loi.  td.  per  looo  • 
^''"'■'^"^^^Sill-  '5'-  P"  '°°';  LAURELS.  .;..,  »«.  per 
.oo  ;  MAHONIAS,  ,5,.,  JO!.,  p=r  103  ;  Green  tOX,  20J..  30X  , 
100  :  Bitter  OSIERS.  20s.  per  ioc«j  ;  BIRCH,  WYCH  ELM 
m^J^'a.  P°|^'^'5S.  LARCH,  Scotch  spruce:  Austrian 
PINE,  &c.     Price  LISTS  on  application  to 

W.  MAULE  AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  Bristol. 


Crotnplon  &FawKes 

Clate  TH-P-DENNIS    &t  c<=) 

Horticultural   Builders 

Chelmsford . 


Just  Puhlihed.  NEW  BOOK  if  PHOTO-LITHc iGRAPHF.n  SKF.iCHES  of  WINTER  GARDENS.  RANGES 
of  HOrHOUSt..=,  VINERIES,  ARCHITECTURAL  CONSERVATuKlES,  &c  ,  of  various  Designs  and  Sizes,  racen'Iy 
erected  by  us  in  d  ff  rent  pirts  of  the  country.  Post-f  ee  en  apolication.  This  Eojk  contains  ihe  most  va-ied  and  ccmplete  Col- 
lection of  Designs  or  Hoiticultural  Buildings  ever  published. 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER, 

HOT-WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

cf  every  deicriptioQ. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 

Boilers. 

Improved  Ventilating 

Arrangement 

■^^tjC"*^  "  "      '  ^~"         "*~'  for  G.eenhouses,  &c. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-  WA  TER  HE  A  TING  APPARA  TUS  erected  complete. 

HTDRATJLIC    BAMS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOB    ALL    PDBPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 


STEVEN  BROS.  &  CO. 


HOT-WATEE       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    &,    CO., 

4,        UPPER        THAMES        STREET,        LONDON,        E.G. 

BOILERS,      P  I  P  F,  S ,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Sr' c. 
Plin3  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  frea.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


THE     COTTAGER'S     CALENDAR 

or 

GARDEN    OPERATIONS. 

ORIGINALLY    COMPILED    BY    THE    LATE    SIR    JOSEPH    PAXTON,    M.P. 


Price  3d.,   Post  Free  Sid. 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.;    Fifcy,  lOs  ;    and  One  Hundred,  SOa. 

Parcels   of  not  less  than  Twenty-five  delivered,    Carriage  Free,    in  London  only. 

Not  less  than  One  Hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON.  W.C. 


December  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


74 » 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL    AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPOR  JS  of  EXHIBITIONS,  RE  VIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NO  TICES  of  all  HOR  TICUL  TURA  L 

MA  TIERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

Original  Illustrations  by 


ADLAM  (H).  Natal 

ANDERSON  (J.) 

ANDR    (E.),  Paris 
ANTOINE  (F.),  the  late,  Vienna 

ATKINS  (J.)         

AUSTEN    U).     Wiiley     Court 

BACKHOUSE  (T.V.  York 
BADEN-POWELL  (H.) 
BADGER  (E.W.) 
BAILLIE  (W.  M.),  Luton  Hoo 

Gardens  

BAINES(T.)        

BAKER  (G.)         

BAKERCJ.  G.).  F.RS 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor)  . 

HALLO).  FR-S 

BANCROFT  (G.),  M.D. 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     .. 
BAXTER    (W.     H.),     Botanic 

Gardens.  Oxfoid 
BEIJERINCK,Dr.,Wagcr.;.,gen 
SENNET  (H.).  M.D.,  Mcntone 
BENNETT  (A.  W.) 
BENNETT  (G  ),  MD.,  Sydney 
BENTHAM  (the  late  G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEY  (Rev.  M.J.),F.R.S. 
BLACKMORE(R.  D.V. 
BLAIR  (T.).  Shrubland  Gardens 
BOISSIER  (E.),  the  late,  Geneva 
BONAVlA(Dr.),  N.  W.  P.  India 
BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J.  T.) 
BOULGER  (G.  S.),  F.L.S. 
BOYLE  (Hon.  Mrs.  E.  V.) 
BRADSHAW    (A.),  Waddesdon 

BRIGHT  (the  late' H.  A.)         '.'. 
BRITTEN  0).  British  Museum 
BROWN  (N.  E.).  Kew  .. 
BULLEN  (R.),  Botanic  Garden, 

Glasgow 
BURBIDGE    (F.   W.),   Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
BURVEN ICH  (Fr),  Ghent      . . 
CARMICHAEL     iC.    A.     M.), 

Henley-in-Arden 
CARUEL  (Professor),  Florence. . 
CASPARY(Prol.),  Kojnigsberg. . 

CHALLIS(T.) 

CHIT  I'V  (  W. ),  Pewsey  . . 
CLARKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       .. 
CLARKE  (C.  B.),  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD(T.  S.).  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (W.),  Eastnor  Castle 

(3ardcns 

COOKE(M.  C) 

COOMBERO  ).  The  Hendre  .. 
COOMBERfW),  Regents  Park 
COOPER  (Sir  DAN. .  Bart.)  . . 
CORNU  iPro'essorM  ),  Direcior 

ofthe  Jardindes  Plantes,  Paris 
CORREVON  (H.),  Geneva  .. 
CREWE  (the  late  Rev.  H.  H.).. 
CROSSLING  (R.),  St.   Pagan's 

Castle  Gardens 
DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN(A.) 

DEAN(R.) 

DECAISNE  (theUte  Prof.),  Paris 
DE  CANDOLLE  (A),  Geneva.. 
DEHER.AIN  (Profes.sor),  Parts. . 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew        

DOD(RevC.  W.) 
D'OMBRAIN  (Rev.  H.  H.)     .. 
DOUGLAS  U.).  Great  Gearies, 

Ilford 

DOWNIE  U-).  Edinburgh 
DRUDE  (Professor),  Dresden  . . 

DRUERY(C.) 

DUCH  ARTRE  (Professor),  Paris 


Special  attention  is  given  to 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 
FORCING.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE.  i 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS— LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 

W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S. ,   W. 


the  following  subjects  :- 

MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 

G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  IV. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  of. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE  CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VINES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &.C.,  &c.,  &c. 

7.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned :— 

Colonial  Notes. 

DUNN  (M.),  Dalkeith    .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MORREN  (Professor),  Liege    .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Orchids. 

DUTHIF,  (J.F.).  Saharunpore.. 

Colonial  Notes. 

MORRIS  (D.),  Jamaica.. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

DYER  (BERNARD)      .. 

Chemical  -Analyses. 

MUELLER  (Baron  Sir  FERD. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

DYER  (W.     T.    T.),    Director, 

v.),  Melbourne 

Australian  Plants. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Royal  Gardens.  Kew 

Garden  Botany. 

MURRAY  (G.),  British  Museum 

Plant  Diseases. 

EARLEY(W.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

MURTON(H.  J),  Siam 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 

EICHLER  (Professor),  Director 

NAUDIN  (C),  Antibes  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

Imperial  Bot,  Garden,  Berlin 
ELLACOMEE  (Rev.  H.  N). 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

NELSON  (C.  J.),  Orange  Free 

Forestry. 

Gar  en  Botany. 

State 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

ELWES(H.  J.) 

Garden  Botany. 

NICHOLSON  (G.),  Kew 

.\rboretum. 

ENGELMANN  (the  lateG.),  St. 

O'BRIEN  (JAMES)        .. 
O'BRIEN  (T.)       

Orchid  Culture. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Louis,  U.S.A 

EVANS  (*,).  LMhe  HiU  Gardens 

Conifers. 

Propagation. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

OLIVER  (Capt.  S.) 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

EVERSHED(H.) 

Garden  Literature. 

OLIVER  (Prof.),  F.R.S. 

Garden  Botany. 

Garden  Botany. 

EWBANK(Rev.  H.),  Ryde      .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

OLIVEIRA  (J   D'),  Oporto      .. 
ORMEROD(Miss) 

Foreign  (Ixsrrespondencc. 

Garden  Botany. 

FENZI  (Cav.  E.),  Florence        . . 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Insects. 

Alpine  Plants. 

FINDLAY(B.>.  Manchester     .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

PAGET  (Sir  JAMES)     .. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

Queensland  Correspondence 

FISH      (D.      T.),      Hardwicke 

PAUL  (GEORGE) 

Floriculture. 

Fruit  Culture. 

Citrdens            

Practical  Gardening. 

PAUL(WM-)        

PFITZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg  .. 

Floriculture. 

FISHER  (Rev.  0.)' 

Roses. 

Orchids. 

Practical  Gardening. 

FITCH  (W.  H.),  F.L.S. 

Illustrations. 

PHILIPS  OV.) 

Fungi— Plant  Diseases. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  FR.S. 

Plant  Physiology,  Irids. 

PLANCHON|Prof.),Montpellier 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
Fungi-Plant  Diseases. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

FOWLER  (A.),  Castle  Kennedy 

PLOWKIGHT(C.  B) 

Vegeuble  Physiology. 

Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

PRESTO  (H.).  Trinidad 

Colonial  Notes. 

.Australian  Correspondence. 

ERASER  (J),  Kew 

Practical  Gardening. 

PYNAERT(E.),  Ghent  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Garden  Botany. 

GIBSON  (WM.) 

Town  Gardening. 

REGEL  (E),  St.  Petersburg     .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

GILBERT  0-  H.).  F.R.S. 

Vegeuble  Chemistry. 

REICHENBACH  (Professor)  .. 

Orchids. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

GLAISHER(J.),  F.R.S. 

Meteorology. 

RICHARDS    (G.    H.),  Somerley 

Pomology. 
Practical  Gardening. 

GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boston       . . 

Garden  Botany. 

Gardens     . . 

Practical  Gardening. 

GREEN  (CHARLES)    .. 

Plant  Culture. 

RIDLEY(H.N.),BritishMuseum 

Orchids. 

Garden  Plants. 

GRIEVE  (P.),  Bury  St.  Edmunds 
GRINDON(LEO) 

Practical  Gardening. 

RIVERS  (F.).  Sawbridgeworth. . 

Fruit  Culture. 

Indian  Notes. 

Garden  Literature. 

ROBERTSO) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Landscape  Gardening. 

HANBURY(T.),  Mentone       .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

ROBINSON  (J.  F.) 

Bees. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

HART  U).  Jamaica        .. 

Colonial  Notes. 

RODIGAS(E.),  Ghent    .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Amateur  Gardening. 

HEMSLEY(W.  B.)        .. 

Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Garcieninc. 

P-OLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew.. 

Garden  Botany. 

HEMSLEY(A.) 

RUST(J.l 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchid  Culture. 

HENRY(thelateI.  ANDERSON)Garden  Plants.       " 

SARGEANT(C.  W.),  Boston  .. 

.American  Correspondence 

Notes    from   a    Lancashire 

HENRIQUEZ  (Prof.),  Coimbra 
HENSLOW(Rev.  G.)    .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

SAUL  (.M  ».  York 

Practical  Gardening. 

Plant  Lore.               [Garden. 

Vegetable  Physiology. 

SCHOMBURGK(Dr.).  Adelaide 

Colonial  Notes. 

Garden  Botany. 

HOOKER  (Sir  J.  D.).  K.C.S  I. 

Garden  Botany. 

SHEPPARD    (J.),    Wolverston 

HORNER(Rev.  F.D.).. 

Florists'  Flowers. 

Gardens             

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchid  Notes. 

HUDSON      (J),    Gunnersbury 

SIEMENS(thelateSirW.)F.R.S. 

Electric  Light. 

Gardens             

Flower  Gardening. 

SMEE(A.  H),  Wallington       .. 

Practical  Gard-ning. 

Garden  Botany. 

IM     THURN      (EVERARD), 

S.M1TH(W.  G).  F.L.S 

Illustrations-Fungi. 

Landscape  Gardening. 

British  Guiana 

Colonial  Notes. 

';MITH(T.),  New  Zealand       .. 

Colonial  Notes. 

INGRAM  (W.),  Belvoir  Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

SMITH  IJ  ),  Mentmore  Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Literature. 

ACKSON  (J.  R  ),  Kew  Museum 
JOLY  (C),  Paris 

Economic  Botany. 

SO  RAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau     . . 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens 

Garden  Botany. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

.ULIAN(KICHD.),  F.R.I. B.A. 

Garden  Architecture. 

STRICKLAND  (Sir  C.) 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

KING  (Dr.),  Director  Royal  Bo- 

SURINGAR (Professor),  Leyden 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Beekeeping. 

tanic  Garden,  Calcutta 

Colonial  Notes. 

SWAN    (W.),    Howick    House, 

Garden  Botany. 

KNIGHT  (H.) 

Practical  Gardening. 

Preston  

Orchid  Culture. 

Garden  Botany. 

KOLB  (MAX).  Munich  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

SYME  (G.),  Jamaica       .. 
THOMAS  ((5.).  Chatsworth  Gds. 

Colonial  Notes 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

KRELAGE(E.  H.),  Haarlem  .. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LANGE  (Prof.),  Copenhagen    . . 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

THOMSON  (W.I,  Clovenfords. . 

Vines. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LAVALL^E  (the  late  ALPH), 

THURBER(G.),  New  York     .. 

American  Correspondence 

Fungi. 

Paris 

Garden  Botany, 

TODARO  (Baron),  Palermo      .. 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LAWRENCE   (Sir  TREVOR), 

TRIMEN(H.),  Ceylon  .. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 

President  Royal  Hort.  Soc. . . 

Orchids. 

VEITCH(H,)        

Orchids. 

Australian  Correspondence. 

LEICHTLIN    (.MAX),     Baden 

VILMORIN(H).  Paris.. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Baden    

Garden  Plants. 

WALLISa.),  Keele  Gardens  .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

LOWNE,  (B.  T.).  F.R.C.S       .. 

Amateur  Gardening. 

WARD  (H.  W.),  Longford  Castle 

Alpine  Plants. 

LYNCH     (R.     I.),     Cambridge 

Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

Garden  Plants. 

Botanic  Garden 

Garden  Botany. 

WARD  (MARSHALL)  .. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

MACLACHLANfR).  F.R.S... 

Insects. 

WARINGTON  (R.)        .. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MACOWAN  (Prof.),  Cape  Town 
MANGLES(thelate  JH.),  F.L.S 

Colonial  Notes. 

WATSON  (SERENO),  Boston, 

Physiology  of  Plants. 

Rhododendrons. 

U.S.A. 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MARIES  (C.)        

Japan  Plants. 

WATSON  OV.),  Kew      .. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Floriculture. 

MAW  (G.).  F.L.S 

Crocus— Garden  Plants. 

WATP  (Dr.),  Calcutta     .. 

Indian  Notes. 

Garden  Botany. 

MEEHAN(T.),  Philadelphia    .. 

American  Correspondence. 

WEBSTER  (J.),  Gordon  Castle 

Gaiden  Botany,  &c. 

MELVILLE     (D.),      Dunrobin 

Gardens           

Practical  (gardening. 

Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Gardens            

Practical  Gardening. 

WEBSTER    (A.    D.),    Penrhyn 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

MICHAEL  (A.  D.) 

Garden  Insects. 

Castle 

Forestry. 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  Cullen  House, 

WEIR  (H).,  Tunbridge  Wells  .. 

Gardening  for  Amateurs. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Baner 

Forestry. 

WESTWOOD  (Professor) 

Insects. 

Garden  Plants. 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

WILDSMITH    (W.),    Heckfield 

Roses. 

Gardens 

Practical  Gardening. 

Gardens 

Practical  Gardemng. 

MILLER  (W.),  Combe  Abbey.. 

Practical  Gardening. 

WILLIS  0   W.),  Harpenden    . . 

Chemistry. 

Practical  Gardening. 

MONTEIRO  (Chev.)  Lisbon    . . 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

WILSON  (G.  F.),  F.R.S. 

Lilies,  &c. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

MOORE  (F.  W.),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic Garden    . . 

WILSON  (D.)       

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

WITTMACK  (Dr.),  Berlin 

Foreign  Correspondeno*. 

Ferns. 

MOORE  (T.),   Botanic  Gardett, 

WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg  Foreign  CorrespondencQ. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Chelsea 

Ferns. 

^Vith  .nany 

others. 

742 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  1886, 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  4,s.  per  loo.  Plants  in  small  pots,  i6j.  per  loo  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  251.  per  loo.     Descnptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

THE  PLANTING  SEASON^ 

THE  BEST  ROSES, 

THE  BEST  CAMELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS.  &c.. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSandFLOWERINGSHRUBS 

THE  BEST  PARK  and  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUIT  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c.. 

May  be  seen  and  purchased  at 

WM.    PAUL     &    SONS', 

PAUL'S    NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(adjoining  Waltham  Cross  Stat 
hall  an  hour  from  London).  Pri( 
tion  invited.     Priced  Catalogues 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY, 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ii. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of   Nkw,    Rare,     and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardv  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE     MANCHESTER. 


BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


CUTBUSH'S      MILL- 
TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
lescription.  Price  6j.  per  bushel 
\.\i,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
td.  per  cake;  free  by  parcel  post,  ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  si^natiiie  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


DEVERILL'S 

NEWI  CHOICE  VEGETABLES. 


'  ROUSHAM    PARK   HERO  "    ONION. 

Per  Packet,  I  J. 

'ANGLO    WHITE   SPANISH'   ONION. 


"IMPROVED   WROXTON'   ONION. 

Per  Packet,  i.i. 

"MAIN    CROP"    ONION. 

Per  Ounce,  6,/. 

"EXHIBITION   HORN'   CAKROT. 

Per  Ounce.  11. 

"EXHIBITION    INTERMEDIATE'    CARROT. 

Per  Ounce,  is. 

"NE    PLUS    ULTRA"   RUNNER   BEAN 

Per  Packet,  i .. 

"AYLESBURY   PRIZE"    RED   CELERY 

Per  Packet,  i.. 

THE   WROXTON"   BRUSSELS    SPROUTS. 

Per  Packet,  ir. 

"MIDDLETON   PARK   FAVOURITE"   BEET 
Per  Packet,  i,f. 

Deverills  Stocks  of  the  above  Ten  Sterling  Novelties, 
of  proved  e.xcellence,  -harvested  in  1886,"  are  now 
being  sent  out  in  Deverills  Sealed  Packets  onh,  and  are 
only  to  be  obtained  true  from  H.  Deverill,'  or  those 
houses  who  obtain  their  supply  from  him  in  his  Sealed 
Packets. 


For  Particulars  of  the  abtrve,  as  also   Valuable  Prizes 

offered  in  1887,  send  for 

GARDEN  SEED    CATALOGUE. 


H.   DEVERILL, 

ROYAL      SEED      STORES, 
BANBURY. 


A  LDER,  3  to  4  feet,  22J-.  per  looo  ;   ASH 

-^-»-     2  to  3  feet.  l^s.  per  1000;  ditto    i!4  to  2  (rn    ,■,,   nj 

per     looo       DIKl.^n,     2     to    T     feet.    20?      ner     ynnn        QDAMICLT 

CHESTNUTS,  2  feet.  ,8.' per  '..T  ElM!?t„  ffe^ef  ffi" 
per    ,000;    ditto,  3   to   4    feet,    201.    per  looo      LAkCH     ,  ,A 

rer,.r"ipVScV"^R!--t'i"rKTJt,t';!'pVr%^Jo="di^?o- 

;^t^r3^^:'b."hro;r^r^t"%VoV,?„^iSR;^-.-i,'fo^.^ 

.3!.  per  .coo  :    ditto,    2  to  2%   fwe.  ,Ss.  per  io».     HAZELS 

IvCAMnRv" ,"^^°'  r  .^t-  '  '°3  f<i«.  '7S.  bd.  per  1000! 
bVCAMUKE.  2  to  3  feet.  161.  per  1000:  ditto  3  to  .1  trr, 
20.    per  ,000      THORNS,  ,M  to  2  fee,,-,4..  p^r^ro^'d"^' 

FOLIUM  ,  ,„  y?  ,"''■  P"  ■°°°-  PRIVETS  OVALI- 
hOLlUM,  2  to  2%  feet.  301.  per  ,000;  ditto.  4  feet  extra 
bushy,  i2r.  per  100.  BEECH,  r^  to  2  feet.  \L  per'  ,0^ 
ditto  2  to  2K  feet,  i8i.  per  rcoo.  MYROBOLANA  PLUM' 
2  feet,  251.  per  1000  Special  offer  by  50,000  and  too  000 
GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  StJanr^r! 

R°n^^  ;r  ^?^l^  ~  ROSEST^r^bl^^Te 

£ir,e^r^i^tiifpk.^i^:^"Sl^='s^^'s: 

Falco  ,  Isab=]la  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  tine  plants  in  7-nich  pots,  24^.  and  30J.  per  dozen 
CATALOGUES  on  application  P" '""^="- 

Li^h'eH^'?f'V''°°'-??.'*'^"^UfTURALc6.aohn  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston,  Liverpool.  '' 

PLANTS 

„     HYEMALIS.  m  flower,  i2j.  to  i8r.  per  dozen 
„     WILMOREANA,  full  of  flower-bud    121   to  rSi   oer  Ho, 
„     SINDRYANA,  full  of  Hower-bud,  121    per  dozen 
GARDENIA,  bushy  and  well  budded.  .Sr.  per  do"-n 
TAMPlI  I'i^^'n'i.'  iV»"''V,  full  of  bud,  18..  pe;  dozen. 
CAMELLIA,  well  budded,  t8j.  241.,  30s.,  and  ,61  dt  doi,n 
GENISTA  FRAGRANS,  coming  into  fliwer,  \L  Sir  dozen' 
Full  LIST  on  application. 
JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot 


E 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

IGHTEEN      FIRST-CLASS 

CERTIFICATES. 

Largest,  most  complete,  and  best  kept  Collection  in  the  world. 

See  our  New  and  Revised  CATALOGUE,  from  actual  blocms, 

with  an  immense  amount  of  invaluable  information  on  the  best 

newest  kinds  for  e,vhibition.     Now  ready,  and  sent  post-free. 


CANNELL    &    SONS. 


W&+l-om^,¥^R:FW£R, 


OREST,  ]f  RUIT 


ii    ALL    OTHER 


X^REES  A  1|>)LANTS. 


t.oS^|.,esO^^^^^'ti^\o 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


T::CAe0:fr 


SPECIAL     CUL  TURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale, 

Tin  lllttslrated  and  Descriptive  CA  TALOGUE  of  FR  UlTS 

Postfrec. 

The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 


THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,   Hereford. 

Established,  1785. 


SPECIAL  CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 


These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  unsurpassed  for  the  cultivation  of 

ROSES    and    FRUIT    TREES. 


JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO, 

are  now  offering  from  their  magnificent  stock 
ROSES,    Standard    Hybrid     Perpetual,     and 

others,  125.,  i8i.  to  241.  per  dozen. 

„     Standard   Tea-scented,   fine   heads,    i8j., 

245.  to  3oi.  per  dozen. 

„     Dwarf   Hybrid  Perpetual,   %s.   to  \^s.  per 
„     Dwarf  Tea-scented,  all  on  the  Brier  stock, 

I2J.,  isx  ,  lo  18s   per  dozen. 

Roses  for  Greenhouses  and  for  Forcing, 

SPECIALLY  GROWN  UNDER  GLASS. 
"  Tbe  Largest  and  Finest  Stock  In  the  Kingdom. 
ROSES,  Specimen  Tea-scented,  in  Sand  9-inch 

pois. 

„     Half-Specimens,  in  6  and  S-inch  pots. 
,,     Smaller  sizes,  in  4  and  5-inch  pots. 


FRUIT     TREES. 

AN  IMMENSE  STOCK. 

Standards,  Pyramids, Dwarf-trained,  Horizontal- 
trained,  Cordons,  &c.,  01 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES, 
PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  APRICOTS, 
CURRANTS,  GOOSEBERRIES,  &c. 


ORCHARD-HOUSE     TREES. 

Fine  bearing  Trees,  well  ripened  under  Glass. 

VINES — Extra  fine  Fruiting  Canes. 
STRAWBERRIES— A  large  Collection— well- 
rooted  Runners. 


Descriptive  CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 

KING'S  ACRE  NURSERIES,  HEREFORD. 


December  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


743 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish   Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,  ERHS.    Calcot  Gardens,    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and    PAMPHLETS    on    application 

SEEDLING         BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  2,  and  i-year  old  plants. 

NEW  B0SE3  of  1885-6. 

15J.  per  dozen  varieties  (ray  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(my  selection). 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Roses,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  for  ^d.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen,  Calvadoi,  France. 

FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

\PPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FRUIT  TREES, 
as  Standards,  Dwarfs,  Pyramids,  Bushes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES,  excellent  Canes,  31.  id.  to  10s  6,/.  Orchard  House 
Trees  in  pots,  PEACHES,  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  51.     FIG  5  from  3s  6</. 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  of  the  various 
forms  c  f  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure.  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping.  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Size,  Form,  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour, Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price, &c.,  frde  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

THE  EARLIEST  OF  ALL 
POTATOS. 


SHARPE'S    VICTOR. 

Sharpe's  Victor  is  a  seedling  raised  from  the  Alma 
Kidney  and  the  old  early  5horl-lop  round  Potato.  It  is 
earlier  than  any  present  variety,  and  having  a  very  short 
top  it  is  especially  suitable  for  frame  cultivation.  Its  pre- 
cocity is  such  that  it  can  be  had  fit  for  the  table  in  eight 
weeks,  or  less,  from  the  time  of  planting,  and  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  securing  new  Potatos  for  the  table  every  day 
in  the  year.  Victor  is  a  flattened  roundish  oval  in  shape, 
with  a  beautiful  clear  skin  and  extremely  shallow  eyes, 
being  one  of  the  handsomest  as  well  as  the  heaviest 
cropper  of  any  variety  adapted  for  frame  work,  or  for  a 
first  early  crop  outdoors.  It  is  dry  and  mealy  when 
cooked,  and  the  flavour  and  the  quality  of  the  flesh  are 
superior  to  nearly  every  other  variety  at  present  in  use. 

Several  seasons'  trials  have  fully  confirmed  all  that 
has  been  said  in  favour  of  the  Victor  Potato.  It  is  proved 
to  be  the  earliest,  most  prolific,  and  best  flavoured  of  aU 
the  eariy  Potatos  ;  and  for  pot  culture  is  unrivalled. 

Price,  6d.  per  Pound. 


Messrs.  J.  &>  J.  ELLISON  write  as  follows  .— 

"  Mr.  UsHEK,  Gardener  to  C.  H.  Johnson,  Esq.,  Thorgum- 
bald  Hall,  planted  Victor  Potatos  on  January  26,  and  placed  a 
di^h  on  his  employer's  table  on  March  S  :  from  planting  to 
lifting  being  only  SIX  weeks." 

"  Mr.  Melville,  Gardener  to  Mrs.  Hornsby.  St.  Vincent's, 
Grantham,  has  this  season  grown  the  Victor  Potato  fit  for  table 
in  SIX  WEEKS  from  planting. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SLEAFORD. 


DARTMOUTH    CRAB. 


H^ 


NOTICE. 

AVING  purchased  the  principal  part  of 
Mr.  Laxton's  Stock  of  this  handsome 
fruit,  we  are  able  to  supply  the  Trade  at  151. 
per  dozen.  It  is  a  remarkable  sort,  in  size  and 
colour  resembling  a  large  Victoria  Plum.  Good 
dessert  quality,  vigorous  grower,  and  very  fertile. 
Stock  very  limited.     Order  early. 


HARRISON  k  SONS, 

ROYAL    NURSERIES,    LEICESTER. 


ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  Sj. 
per  dozen,  6oj-.  per  100.  STANDARDS,  15^-. 
per  dozen,  I05.f.  per  100.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  World-Jamed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
give  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  \%s.  to  36.?.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

TO       T  HE       T  R  A  D  E . 

FRtriT  TREES  stiU  to  offer. 

Cheshuot-grown  Standard  APPLES. 

Standard  PEARS,  PLUMS,  and  DAMSONS. 

Dwarf-trained  APPLES.  PEAKS,  and  PLUMS. 

Transplanted  Pyramid  FRUIT  TREES 

Dwart-trained  PEACHES  and  NECTARINES,  of  extra  size 

VINES,  Fiuiling  and  Planting,  good. 

STRAWBERRIES,  in  Pots,  for  Forcing  or  Planting. 

GOOSEBERRIES,  on  short  r  foot  stems. 

CURRANTS,  strong.  Red  and  White. 

NUTS,  on  single  stems. 

TREES  and  SHRUBS. 

Varieeated  HOLLIES,  all  sizes. 
AUCUBAS  and  LAURELS,  of  kinds. 
Oval-leaved  PRIVET,  5  to  6  feet. 
LIMES,  in  large  quantuies.  all  heights. 
LABURNUMS,  Standard,  English, 
LILACS.  Common.  4  to  5  feet, 
FLOWERING  SHkUBS,  of  the  better  sorts. 


PAUL      &       SON, 

THE  "OLD"  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT. 


Kent  — The   Garden   of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(Established  1796),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
See  Gardener^'  Chronicle  of  Sept,  4,  p.  298.  The  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 


CHEAP    OFFERB    IN 

CHOICE   PLANTS 

100  STOVE  or  GEEENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

in  100  varieties,  for  425,,  6jf-,  or  1055. 

Other  offers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application. 

;d  with  flower  buds,  i8j.  and  24J. 
for  cool  or  warm  house,  in  12,  24, 


12  AZALEA  INDICA 
ORCHIDS,  choic 

or  36  varieties.: 

TROP.ffiOLUM  azureum,  21.  td. 
,,     tricoloium  grandiflorum,  u.  6a. 
,,    Brachyceras,  'is. 

BULBS  POST-FREE. 


and  i.soj. 


mwm 


SATURDAY,    DECEMBER    ii,    i886. 


E.    G.     HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,   w. 


THE    IMPROVEMENT    OF 
PLANTS. 

EVERY  seedsman  may  be  a  plant  improver, 
whether  he  cultivate  a  thousand  acres 
or  only  so  much  ground  as  will  fill  a  flower-pot. 
Messrs.  Dickson,  Brown,  &  Tait,  of  Corpora- 
tion Street,  Manchester,  are  not  engaged  either 
in  field  culture  or  garden  culture,  but  they  are 
improvers  of  plants  nevertheless,  since  they 
have  built  up  their  reputation  by  the  distribution 
of  the  best  seeds  that  could  possibly  be  ob- 
tained. They  hold  a  few  acres  as  a  trial-ground 
for  testing  seeds,  where  the  various  stocks  of 
vegetables  or  roots  are  subjected  to  critical 
examination,  and  their  characters  duly  regis- 
tered. The  distributor  of  seeds  is  not  usually 
himself  a  plant-improver  at  home  (although 
there  are  some  very  remarkable  e.xceptions  to 
this  rule),  but  his  business  as  a  large  trader 
makes  it  advantageous  to  him  to  reward  the 
actual  plant-improver,  so  as  to  gain  possession 
of  superior  strains,  and  to  keep  himself  "  at  the 
front "  by  the  only  means  which  are  certain  not 
to  fail.  It  is  in  the  field  or  garden  that  the 
final  appeal  as  to  quality  takes  place.  There  the 
trial  is  made  under  the  consumer's  own  eye,  and 
he  is  enabled  to  ascertain,  not  only  whether  a 
thing  is  good,  but  whether  it  is  suitable  for 
his  soil  and  for  his  purposes.  Such  evidence 
cannot  be  resisted,  and  every  one  must  have 
noticed  how  telling  it  proves.  It  is  this  weighing 
of  seedsmen  in  the  balance  which,  in  its  results, 
obtains  for  them  new  customers  or  loses  them 
their  old  ones,  which  gains  them  fame  or 
failure. 

The  very  small  seedsmen  must  always  be 
at  a  disadvantage,  as  general  distributors, 
compared  with  the  great  houses,  since  they 
do  not  possess  the  same  opportunities  of 
enlisting  the  services  of  experts  in  plant-im- 
provement, so  as  to  obtain  the  best  possible 
stocks.  It  is  true  that  their  business  may  grow 
from  small  beginnings,  but  the  small  tradesman, 
so  long  as  he  is  small,  can  hardly  send  out  stock 
seeds  to  the  various  growers  of  each  particular 
sort — horticultural  and  agricultural — selecting 
the  right  men  as  growers  and  improvers,  as  well 
as  the  best  districts  for  the  best  production  of 
each  kind  of  seed.  "  Little  boats  should  keep 
near  the  shore,"  and  the  small  seedsmen  should 
either  purchase  most  of  their  goods  of  the 
great  houses,  or  they  should  confine  their 
attention  to  the  growth  of  one  or  two  sorts  of 
seeds  only.  It  may  here  be  mentioned  that 
Messrs.  Dickson,  Brown  &  Tait  have  intro- 
duced many  well-known  and  widely  grown 
fruits,  vegetables,  and  flowers.  There  are  few 
Cauliflowers  in  greater  demand  than  their 
Eclipse,  the  sale  of  which  is  increasing,  its 
quality,  flavour,  size,  and  adaptability  for  either 
private  or  market  gardens,  gaining  for  its 
introducers  many  of  those  testimonials  which 


744 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  ii,  1886. 


people  send  unasked  for  the  relief  of  their 
feelings.  They  possess  a  Beet  which  bears 
out  my  remark  on  the  usual  course  of  plant 
improvement,  since  it  was  raised  by  Mr.  Hope, 
gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Jersey,  of  Middleton, 
Stoney  Park.  To  cite  another  case,  they  have 
arranged  to  distribute  the  Penrhyn  Seedling 
Melon  ;  and  to  send  out  the  Clumber  Seed- 
ling Cucumber  ;  while  Mr.  H.  Moore,  Peel 
Park,  Manchester,  has  placed  .in  their  hands 
the  stock  of  a  new  Tomato,  a  cross  between 
Conqueror  and  Vicks'  Criterion.  The  Best 
of  All  Melon  is  an  older  introduction,  a 
cross  between  Colston  Bassett  and  Golden 
Gem,  possessing  the  beautiful  netting  of  the 
former  and  the  bright  deep  orange  colour  of 
the  rind  of  the  latter.  It  weighs  three  or  four 
pounds,  and  needs  no  further  praise,  after  all 
that  the  horticultural  Press  has  already  given 
to  it,  since  a  large  proportion  of  exhibited 
Melons  are  of  this  variety. 

Besides  the  actual  improvements  by  experts 
Messrs.  Dickson,  Brown  &  Tait,  spare  no  pains 
in  thoroughly  cleaning  all  seeds,  sending  them 
out  entirely  free  from  weeds,  or  any  other  mis- 
placed matter,  such  as  dirt  or  rubbish,  everything 
being  rubbish  which  is  not  the  seed  you  bargained 
for.  No  seeds  are  sent  out  that  do  not,  on 
trial,  reach  the  highest  percentage  of  germina- 
tion. It  would  interest  and  satisfy  all  the 
customers  of  this  firm  if  they  only  saw  the 
working  of  their  very  complete  system  of 
testing  and  cleaning  the  various  seeds  before 
they  are  sent  out. 

The  extent  of  the  business  in  grass  seeds 
in  the  agricultural  department,  and  in  Dutch 
bulbs,  is  surprising.  Hundreds  qI  thousands 
of  Tulips  and  Hyacinths  are  annually  imported 
from  Holland,  the  firm  being  among  the  largest 
importers  in  England,  while  in  grass  seeds  the 
trade  is  very  large.  New  seeds  of  grasses  and 
Clovers  sufficient  to  sow  10,000  acres  had 
already  been  received  from  various  sources  at 
home  and  abroad,  and  stored  in  the  warehouses, 
in  the  middle  of  November,  and  this  did  not 
exceed  more  than  one-fourth  part  of  the 
quantity  which  had  still  to  come  from  the 
growers  for  the  supply  of  next  year's  trade. 

Grass  seeds  are  either  sold  separately  or 
mixed  in  such  proportions  as  Messrs.  Dickson, 
Brown  &  Tait,  may  deem  to  be  expedient 
either  for  permanent  or  temporary  pastures  on 
various  soils.  They  guarantee  the  percentage  of 
growth  and  the  purity  of  all  these  seeds,  and 
we  are  assured  that  the  greatly  increased  trade 
in  the  seeds  of  permanent  pastures  which  set  in 
six  or  seven  years  ago  still  continues,  and  shows 
no  present  sign  of  abatement.  Messrs.  Dickson, 
Brown  &  Tait  were  among  the  first  firms  who 
offered  guarantees  for  the  seeds  they  supply. 


they  are  left  lully  exposed  to  the  weather,  J.  Douglas, 
Great  Gearies, 


LILIES. 
The  various  species  of  Lilies,  more  especially  L. 
auratum,  will  all  need  to  be  repelled  at  once.  They 
should  not  have  been  left  out-of-doors  exposed  to  all 
sorts  of  weather,  but  kept  comparatively  dry  at  the 
loots,  and  in  a  well  ventilated  greenhouse,  and  now, 
when  they  are  turned  out  of  the  pots,  the  roots  will 
be  found  matted  together  iDto  a  compact  mass. 
Two  classes  of  roots  are  observable,  the  most  numer- 
ous being  those  from  the  base  of  the  old  stems.  They 
are  tough  and  fibrous.  A  set  of  thicker  and  more 
fleshy  roots  are  produced  from  the  base  of  the  bulbs. 
Our  method  of  procedure  is  to  take  hold  of  the  stem 
firmly,  twisting  it  out  from  the  crown  with  the  mass 
of  roots  attached.  The  roots  from  the  base  of  the 
bulbs  are  not  disturbed  at  all,  and  in  repotting 
care  is  taken  to  keep  the  mass  intact.  We  use  for 
potting  soil  about  equal  portions  of  peat  and  loam, 
with  a  fourth  part  of  decayed  manure  added,  and 
some  sharp  sand.  When  potted  they  are  plunged 
over  the  rims  of  the  pots  in  a  bed  of  cocoa-fibre  in  a 
frsine.     I  find  they  are  injured  by  wet  In  winter  if 


SALVIA    AUREA. 

A  CORRESPONDENT  has  kindly  given  us  the  oppor- 
tunity of  seeing  this  desirable  old  plant  (fig.  142),  which 
we  had  long  lost  sight  of.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  and  was  cultivated  by  Philip  Miller  at 
Chelsea  in  1731,  and  figured  in  one  of  the  early 
volumes  of  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  182.  Its 
glaucous  leaves  and  relatively  large  bronzy-orange 
flowers  are  so  striking,  that  we  wonder  such  a  fine 
plant  should  have  been  allowed  to  go  out  of  culti- 
vation. Table  decoration  and  cut  flowers  have  as 
much  to  answer  for  as  "bedding  out."  It  would 
form  a  fine  plant  for  our  friends  on  the  Riviera,  and  we 
should  even  think  that  it  might  be  tried  with  good 
chance  of  success  in  the  Channel  Islands,  or  in  some 
favoured  nook  in  Devonshire  or  Cornwall. 


GONIOSCYPHA  EUCOMOIDES,  Baker* 
Up  to  the  present  time  only  a  single  specimen  of 
this  remarkable  Liliaceous  plant  was  known  to  exist, 
and  now  a  living  specimen  of  it  has  been  sent  to  Kew 
by  Mr.  W.  Bull,  of  Chelsea.  It  is  a  very  interesting, 
and  apparently  an  exceedingly  rare  or  local  plant, 
allied  to  Tupislra,  and  of  rather  striking  appearance  ; 
the  dense  cylindric  flower-spike  being  crowned  with  a 
brush-like  tult  of  very  narrow  bracts  after  the  manner 
of  a  Eucomis. 

It  has  a  short  fleshy  rootstock  with  fleshy  roots,  and 
a  loose  rosette  of  petiolate,  elliptic,  acute  leaves,  a 
foot  long  by  5 — 5J  inches  broad,  of  a  bright  green 
colour.  The  terete  green  peduncle  arises  from  the 
middle  of  the  rosette  of  leaves,  and  is  about  4  —5 
inches  high,  and  bears  a  dense  cylindric  flower-spike, 
2^—3  inches  long,  by  i  — 1|  inch  thick,  crowned  by  a 
tuft  of  fine  subulate  bracts,  6—8  lines  long,  the  flowers 
having  similar  bracts  mingled  with  and  protruding 
beyond  them.  Flowers  dull  dark  green,  fleshy,  per- 
fectly sessile,  horizontal,  campanulate,  f  inch  long, 
and  the  same  in  diameter,  the  lobes  of  the  perianth 
half  as  long  as  the  tube,  spreading,  roundish, 
thickened  and  truncate  at  the  tips  with  an  inflexed 
apiculus,  minutely  erosulate  on  the  margins.  Anthers 
sessile  at  the  mouth  of  the  tube,  oblong,  yellow. 
Ovary  globose,  light  green,  style  projecting  a  little 
beyond  the  anthers,  clavate  and  trigonous  at  the 
apex. 

Mr.  Bull  does  not  know  from  whence  he  introduced 
the  plant,  but  the  original  specimen  was  collected  in 
Bhotan.  So  far  as  the  leaves  are  concerned  the  plant 
has  somewhat  the  habit  of  a  Funckia.  N.   E.  Brown. 

STREPTOCALY.X  FiiRSTENBERGII,  E.  Morren,  in 
"  Belgique  Horticote,^^  1883,  p.  13.  /Echmea 
FUrstenbergii,  Morren  and  IVitlm.,  in  " Belg. 
Hort."  1879,  p.  42,  t,  2.t 

This  is  a  very  curious  new  Bromeliad,  which  Mr. 
Bull  has  introduced.  It  looks  at  first  sight  very  like 
a  Pine. apple,  but,  instead  of  an  eatable  syncarpium 
there  is  a  dense  oblong  panicle,  made  up  of  innumer- 
able horizontally  distichous  spikes  of  flowers,  each 
spike  subtended  by  a  large  pinkish  serrulate  bract. 
The  genus  stands  at  the  head  of  the  order  in 
Bentbam's  classification,  but,  so  far  as  I  am  aware, 

*  GoKtoscypfut  eucomoides.  Baker,  in  youm.  Linn.  Sac.  Bot.^ 
vol.  .viv.,  p.  581,  t.  19. 

t  Streptocaly.x  Fitrsteytbergii. — Acaulis  ;  foliis  30 — 40  dense 
rosulatis  lancejlatis  rigidis  arcuatis  facie  viridibus  concavis 
dorso  ^ubtiliter  lineatis,  margine  aculeis  parvis  deltoideis  cus- 
pidatis  armatis ;  floribus  in  spicis  horizontaliter  distichis 
ascendentibiis  in  paniculam  amplam  densam  oblongam  acutam 
ordinatis ;  spica  singula  bractea  ovata  subcoriacea  rubella 
albo  furfuracea  serrulata  praidita  ;  spicis  infcrioribus  6— Sfloris  ; 
bracteis  propriis  parvis  ovatis ;  ovario  globoso  viridi  albo- 
furfuraceo  ;  sepalis  conniventibus  lanceolatis  adpressis  apice 
mucronatis  ;  petalis  breviter  protrusis  ;  genitalibuR  inclusi^. 


this  is  the  first  time  it  has  been  seen  in  England  alive. 
There  are  three  other  species  known,  all  natives  of 
Guiana  or  the  Amazon  valley.  The  present  species 
was  described  and  figured  by  Morren,  from  a  plant 
that  flowered  in  1877  in  the  fine  collection  of  Prince 
Fiirstenberg,  at  his  chateau  of  Donauschingen  in  the 
Black  Forest.  It  came  from  the  province  of  Bahia,  in 
Brazil. 

Acaulescent.  Leaves  thirty  to  forty,  arranged  in  a 
dense  rosette,  lanceolate,  arcuate,  rigid  in  texture, 
2— 2i  feet  long,  \\  inch  broad  at  the  middle,  3  inches 
at  the  dilated  base,  tapering  gradually  to  the  point, 
dull  green  and  concave  all  down  the  face,  finely 
vertically  lineate  on  the  back,  armed  on  the  edge  with 
copious  Lmall  decurved  deltoid  cuspidate  prickles. 
Inflorescence  central,  sessile,  oblong,  strobiliform, 
15 — 16  inches  long,  3—4  inches  diameter;  bracts 
imbricated,  ovate,  pink,  rather  horny,  furfuraceous, 
serrulate,  ascending,  the  lower  3—4  inches  long,  the 
upper  an  inch.  Spikes  horizontally  distichous,  the 
lower  alternately  six  to  eight  flowered.  Flower- 
bracts  small,  ovate.  Calyx  including  ovary  an  inch 
long  ;  ovary  greenish,  floury,  one-third  of  an  inch  in 
diameter.  Sepals  pale,  horny,  adpressed,  lanceolate, 
with  an  erecto-patent  mucro.  Petal- limb  small, 
only  seen  faded.  Genitalia  not  protruded  beyond 
the  calyx.  J.  G.  Baker. 


THE    CULTURE    OF    HARD- 
WOODED  HEATHS. 

That  Ericas  of  the  hard-wooded  class  are  found  to 
be  delicate  or  difficult  subjects  to  cultivate  by  begin- 
ners is  a  point  that  will  be  very  generally  admitted  by 
all  who  know  anything  of  their  cultivation.  They 
will  not  bear  without  resenting  it  the  rough-and-ready 
treatment  that  plants  of  coarser  organisation  will 
endure  unhurt.  Their  fine  capillary  roots  and  delicate 
constitution  under  cultivation  in  pots  are  admittedly 
very  susceptible  of  adverse  influences  ;  but  that  they 
are  the  untractable  subjects  they  are  too  generally 
believed  to  be  by  those  who  will  not  trouble  them- 
selves to  understand  their  peculiarities  and  their 
cultural  requirements  we  cannot  admit.  Although 
they  undoubtedly  constitute  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing, varied,  and  brilliantly  beautiful  classes  of  plants 
known  to  cultivation,  they  have  never  been  taken  to 
by  gardeners  generally  with  that  amount  of  fervour 
and  wide  appreciation  that  their  attractive  colours  and 
pretty  forms  would  lead  to  the  expectation  of.  They 
have  not  of  late  years  been  popular  plants  in  the  liberal 
sense  of  the  word,  and  the  reason  of  their  unpopularity 
is  that  their  management  has  always  appeared  to  the 
majority  of  cultivators  to  be  shrouded  in  mystery 
penetrable  only  to  the  few. 

Since  George  III.  was  king,  during  whose  reign 
British  gardeners  first  made  their  acquaintance  with 
Cape  Heaths,  down  to  the  present  day,  the  feeling  of 
plant  growers  appears  to  have  been  that  they  were 
"  uncanny  "  things,  that  only  the  wizards  of  the  craft 
could  hope  to  deal  with  successfully.  And  the 
wizards  disposed  to  charm  with  them  have  always 
unfortunately  been  few,  but  never  perhaps  more  so 
than  now,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  rarity  with  which 
well  cultivated  plants  are  met  in  the  country.  Good  col- 
lections lying  between  Land's  End  and  John  0'  Groat's 
may]almost  be  counted  on  the  fingers,  and  to  so  low 
an  ebb  has  the  demand  for  them  shrunk,  that  the  very 
small  stock  kept  up  in  two  or  three  of  the  London 
nurseries  is  sufficient  to  meet  the  requirements  not 
only  of  this  country,  but  much  of  that  of  the  Conti- 
nent as  well.  We  are  aware  it  is  usual  to  ascribe 
this  state  of  things  to  the  influence  of  fashion  at  the 
present  time,  and  are  ready  to  admit  that  there  is 
some  force  in  the  plea.  The  demands  on  glass  and 
other  resources  of  the  garden  were  never  greater  than 
at  present,  and  in  many  places  it  would  probably  be 
impossible  to  accommodate  Heaths  suitably.  'This 
fact  may  well  account  for  the  circumstance  that  they 
engage  less  attention  at  the  present  time  than  they 
ever  did  since  their  introduction  to  cultivation,  but 
not  for  their  unpopularity  in  times  when  hard-wooded 
plants  were  the  most  favoured  of  all  classes  with 
gardeners  who  laid  claim  to  distinction  in  the  art  of 
plant  growing.  Fashion,  no  doubt,  has  something 
to  do  with  the  limitation  of  Heath  growing  at  the 
present  time,  but  the  unreasoning  prejudice  that  as  a 
class  they  are  very  unmanageable  does  now  and 
always  has  done  more  to  circumscribe  their  cultiva- 
tion than  anything  else. 

What  appears  to  be  wanted  to  counteract  this  is  an 


DeCEMRER  II,   1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


745 


increase,  not  of  wizards,  but  of  men  who  will  care- 
fully and  patiently  study  the  requirements  of  the 
plants  for  themselves.  Without  this  they  can  never 
become  more  popular,  indeed  they  are  rather  more 
likely  to  disappear  from  cultivation  altogether.  He 
who  observes  closely  and  comprehends  clearly 
the  lessons  the  plants  themselves  teach  cannot 
fail  in  the  culture  of  hard-wooded  Heaths,  provided 
he  apply  himself  with  the  energy  and  painstaking 
the  subject  is  worthy  of. 

Turning  to  practical  details  we  shall  Brst  deal  with 
the  consideration  of  soil.  The  only  suitable  soil  is 
peat,  and  it  should  be  the  best  obtainable  for  the 
purpose  ;  Ihat  which  is  hard,  as  if  compressed  and 
densely  fibrous,  with  a  deep  hazel  or  chestnut  tint, 
is  the  best,  and  if  also  possessing  a  good  proportion 
of  natural  grit  or  sand  it  may  be  pronounced  perfect. 
All  these  points  of  excellence  may  not  be  found  in 
the  peat  of  every  district,  but  in  these  days  of  horti- 


choosing  the  latter  month  in  that  case  for  the  work. 
It  is  handy  also  when  the  collection  embraces  many 
plants  of  various  sizes  to  classify  them  according  to 
the  several  sizes,  dealing  with  the  largest  first.  By 
this  means  the  bulk  of  the  rougher  parts  of  the  soil 
will  fall  to  the  larger  plants  and  leave  the  finer  par- 
ticles fitly  to  the  smaller  ones. 

Never  pot  an  Erica  except  it  requires  it.  The 
test  for  this  in  young  plants  that  are  being  grown  on 
is  that  the  pots  shall  be  full  of  roots.  If  the  soil  of 
the  last  shift  is  only  partially  occupied  with  roots,  and 
the  soil  be  healthy,  and  the  drainage  in  good  working 
order,  it  is  better  to  return  such  plants  to  their  pots 
again  and  wait  till  they  have  filled  up  the  soil  with 
roots.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  soil  and  drainage 
are  unhealthy  it  would  be  proper  in  that  case  to  break 
down  the  ball  and  repot  in  the  same  size  of  pot,  or  if 
found  necessary  even  into  a  smaller  size.  Plants 
again  that  have  reached  specimen  size,   and  are  in 


Fig.  142.— salvia  aurea  :  flowers  bronzy-yellow,     (see  p.  744.) 


cultural  soil-men  there  is  no  difficulty  in  procuring 
a  quality  that  will  suit  the  requirements  of  the  most 
fastidious  variety  of  Heath.  If  obtainable  at  home 
the  collecting  of  it  should  be  gone  about  with  some 
care.  The  herbage  or  growth,  whether  it  be  Ling  or 
other  Heaths  or  Ferns,  should  be  cleared  off  the 
surface  before  beginning  to  cut  the  turves  ;  this  done, 
the  latter  should  be  cut  in  convenient  sizes  as  regards 
length  and  breadth,  and  from  2  to  3  inches  thick, 
according  to  the  depth  and  density  of  the  fibre.  Let 
it  be  cut  only  a  month  or  two  before  it  is  required 
for  use,  as  it  is  better  to  use  it  almost  fresh  than  when 
much  decayed.  After  cutting  let  it  be  stacked  to 
protect  it  from  being  saturated  with  rain  or  snow. 

Potting. 

This  operation  is  best  performed  in  February  or 
March.  If  the  collection  of  plants  is  large  the  most 
early  to  move  in  growth  should  be  first  dealt  with, 
and  the  remainder  in  the  order  of  their  starting ;  but 
if  small,  they  may  be   all  done   at  the  same  titne. 


pots  as  large  as  are  convenient  to  move  about,  will 
not  often  need  potting.  They  may  be  kept  in  good 
health  and  vigour  for  many  years  in  the  same  soil 
and  pots  by  good  management  in  other  respects. 

In  giving  directions  for  preparing  the  soil  for 
potting  it  may  be  noted  that  there  are  some  differences 
of  opinion  regarding  the  degree  of  fineness  it  should 
be  reduced  to  in  breaking  up  ;  some  good  Heath- 
growers  believe  it  should  be  broken,  not  only  very 
fine,  but  should  be  passed  through  a  half-inch 
riddle  after  it  is  broken  ;  others,  who  have  been 
equally  successful,  go  to  the  other  extreme,  and  pre- 
pare their  compost  roughly,  going  the  length  of 
sifting  the  fine  particles  out  if  they  bear  too  large  a 
proportion  in  their  estimation  to  the  rougher  particles. 
With  regard  to  this  it  is  only  necessary  to  remark 
that  in  either  case  the  difliculty  of  the  subsequent 
management,  especially  as  regards  watering,  isceilain 
to  be  greatly  increased.  The  fine  compost  will  be 
very  liable  to  become  sodden  especially  in  large  pots  ; 
and  the  difficulty,  or  rather  impossibility  of  obtaining 


a  perfectly  thorough  incorporation  of  the  sand  in  mix- 
ing the  roughly  prepared  compost  will  sooner  or  later 
bring  about  the  same  result  in  this  case  also.  Thus, 
there  will  in  either  case  be  an  undesirable  increase  of 
the  liability  to  mishap  without  any  compensatory 
advantage.  On  these  grounds  we  prefer  to  break  the 
compost  moderately  fine  with  the  fingers,  and  refrain 
altogether  from  the  use  of  the  riddle  except  in  potting 
very  small  plants  as  in  the  first  and  second  shifts  from 
the  cutting  pot.  At  the  time  of  potting  the  compost 
should  be  moderately  moist,  rather  dry  than  wet,  and 
the  ball  of  the  plant  should  be  in  the  same  condition. 
A  liberal  admixture  of  sand  of  the  cleanest  and 
sharpest  quality  must  be  thoroughly  well  incorporated 
with  the  soil  after  it  is  broken  up,  when  it  is  ready 
for  use. 

Small  shifts  in  preference  to  large  ones  should  be 
the  rule  in  potting  Heaths.  Enough  room  to  give 
pasturage  to  the  roots  for  a  season  will  be  found  safer 
and  altogether  better  than  larger  shifts.  From  half 
an  inch  to  an  inch  all  round  added  to  the  ball, 
according  to  its  size,  at  any  one  shift,  will  be  ample 
for  the  requirements  of  the  most  robust  and  progres- 
sive plant  for  a  season.  Let  the  drainage  be  liberal, 
using  rough  rather  than  finely  broken  crocks,  and 
protect  it  with  a  layer  of  the  roughest  potting  mate- 
rial, from  which  the  fine  particles  have  been  removed 
by  shaking  well  in  a  quarter-inch  sieve. 

We  are  now  fully  prepared  for  potting,  in  the  pro- 
cess of  which  each  plant,  on  being  turned  out  of  its 
pot,  should  be  carefully  examined  with  the  view  to  _ 
ascertain  the  condition  of  its  roots,  If  dry,  return  it 
to  its  pot  to  be  sufficiently  moistened  ;  if  much 
matted  open  up,  and  relieve  the  roots  gently  with  a 
pointed  stick,  inSicting  as  little  damage  as  possible 
in  doing  so. 

Here  it  will  be  proper  to  caution  beginners  against 
the  system  advised  by  some  Erica  growers,  of  placing 
the  ball  in  the  process  of  potting  so  that  its  crown 
shall  be  on  a  level  with  the  rim  of  the  pot.  This  is  a 
pernicious  system  that  has  caused  the  death  of  more 
Heaths  than  perhaps  all  other  causes  together.  The 
object  is  to  prevent  the  lodgment  of  water  at  the 
collar  of  the  plant,  which  is  not  only  desirable  but 
necessary  as  a  preventive  of  decay  at  that  point,  to 
which  some  varieties  are  more  prone  than  others  ;  but 
the  cure  invariably  proves  more  fatal  than  the  disorder. 
The  elevation  of  the  ball  prevents  the  percolation  of 
water  through  it,  consequently  only  the  sides  get  a 
suflicient  supply,  and  if  the  roots  at  that  point  should 
perchance  become  dry,  there  being  nothing  to  sustain 
life  in  the  dried-up  core  of  the  ball,  collapse  is  the 
inevitable  result.  Therefore  avoid  this  practice  by 
all  means.  It  may  be  desirable  to  elevate  the  collar 
very  slightly  above  the  level  of  the  surrounding 
portion  of  the  ball,  but  it  should  never  rise  nearer  the 
level  of  the  rim  of  the  pot  than  half  an  inch  in  the 
case  of  small  plants,  to  \\  inch  in  larger  ones.  A 
very  slight  decline  from  the  centre  to  the  circum- 
ference of  the  ball  will  be  found  quite  sufficient  if  the 
drainage  is  as  good  as  it  should  be  to  prevent  the 
lodgment  of  moisture  about  the  collar  ;  but  there 
must  in  any  case  be  ample  space  left  between  the 
surface  of  the  ball  and  the  level  of  the  rim  to  contain 
sufficient  water  to  moisten  the  whole  at  any  time. 
Having  placed  the  ball  as  just  described  in  the  centre 
of  the  pot,  proceed  to  fill  in  and  ram  the  soil  home 
equally  and  firmly  around  it  till  the  space  is  filled  up 
to  the  level  of  its  outer  edge.  When  finished,  the 
surface  of  the  new  soil  should  be  as  impervious  to  the 
impression  of  the  thumb  as  the  old. 

Watering. 
This  is  the  most  important  of  all  operations  In 
Erica  growing  ;  bus  it  is  most  difficult  to  convey  an 
intelligible  idea  of  how,  and  when  to  do  it  in  language 
to  a  beginner.  It  is  an  operation,  the  right  perform- 
ance of  which  can  only  be  acquired  by  experience  and 
close  observation.  The  Heath  grower  must,  of  all 
cultivators,  be  acquainted  with  his  plants  collectively 
and  individually — he  must  know  their  condition  as  to 
drainage  and  their  behaviour  under  cloud  and  sun- 
shine before  he  can  water  them  aright.  When  he 
acquires  this  familiarity  with  their  wants  he  will  know 
at  a  glance,  or  by  a  rap  of  his  knuckles  on  the  pot  of 
any  doubtful  individual  what  to  do.  We  can  only 
give  general  bints  which  will  serve  to  indicate  lines 
for  the  guidance  of  observation,  but  cannot  impart  or 
take  the  place  of  experience.  After  potting  let  the 
plants  stand  a  few  days  without  water,  after  which  time 
they  should  be  supplied  with  it  copiously  enough  to 
moisten  every  particle  of  soil  and  every  fibre  of  the 


746 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  1886. 


plant.  Subsequent  waterings  must  be  regulated  with 
^reat  care  and  circumspection  till  (he  roots  have 
taken  full  possession  of  the  new  soil.  Over-watering 
would  certainly  result  in  the  new  soil  becoming  sour, 
and  the  death  of  the  roots  would  ensue  ;  under  water- 
ing, on  the  other  hand,  would  retard  the  progress  of 
rooting  by  reason  of  drought — a  lesser  evil  perhaps 
than  the  former  if  not  too  much  prolonged,  but 
in  either  case  the  loss  of  health  and  the 
loss  of  the  season  of  growth  would  be  in 
proportion  to  the  duration  and  magnitude  of 
the  mismanagement.  The  watering  of  bard-wooded 
Heaths  should  be  done  by  preference  in  the  morn- 
ing or  early  part  of  the  day,  especially  through- 
out the  colder  months  of  the  year.  In  summer  pot- 
bound  plants  and  even  those  that  may  not  be  so,  will 
perhaps  require  water  twice  or  oftener  during  the 
twenty-four  hours.  Much  will  depend  on  the  local 
conditions  of  climate  and  other  circumstances  under 
which  they  grow,  as  well  as  on  the  state  of  the 
drainage  of  each  individual  plant,  as  to  the  frequency 
with  which  each  will  require  water.  If  the  surface 
of  the  ball  of  any  particular  plant  is  continually 
moist  and  water  stands  for  some  time  after  applying 
it  there  need  be  little  doubt  but  that  it  is  water-logged, 
defective  drainage  being  the  cause.  Water  should 
never  be  given  twice  to  such  a  plant  without 
correcting  the  fault  in  the  drainage.  If  there  is  any 
doubt  as  to  the  requirements  of  a  plant  in  respect  of 
water  the  use  of  the  knuckles  already  alluded  to  will 
settle  the  point  at  once.  A  rap  sharply  delivered  on 
'  the  side  of  a  dry  pot  will  call  forth  a  light  ringing 
sound,  but  if  the  ball  is  moist  the  sound  will  be  heavy 
or  dull.  The  best  of  all  water  for  Heaths  is  that  from 
the  clouds.  This  should  by  every  means  be  secured 
for  them  wherever  the  spring  or  other  water  on  supply 
is  impregnated  with  the  salts  of  lime,  iron,  or  any 
other  pernicious  ingredients. 

General  Treatment. 

Little  more  remains  to  be  said.  Ericas  being 
essentially  plants  of  the  sun  should  have  the  fullest 
exposure  to  light  at  all  times,  except  the  brief  period 
during  which  they  make  their  growth — they  should 
then  be  lightly  shaded  during  the  brightest  hours  of 
the  day.  The  house  best  adapted  to  their  growth  is 
one  that  is  light  and  airy — span-roofed  if  possible — ' 
«nd  in  which  they  may  be  placed  near  the  glass.  As 
to  placing  them  out-of-doors  at  any  time  in  summer, 
that  point  must  be  decided  by  a  consideration  of  the 
local  atmosphere,  as  to  whether  it  is  pure,  or  loaded 
with  the  impurities  of  manufatories  or  city  smoke. 
In  the  latter  case  they  should  on  no  account  be  put 
out-of-doors ;  in  the  former  they  may,  but  with 
doubtful  benefit,  especially  in  very  moist  localities 
where  rain  would  interfere  with  the  proper  control  of 
watering.  Even  in  the  best  localities  they  will  be 
under  control  if  they  are  placed  in  cold  pits 
In  a  good  exposure,  or  in  any  temporary  erection 
where  they  can  be  protected  with  glass  at  will.  At 
all  seasons  they  must  have  a  free  circulation  of  air, 
only  shutting  the  ventilators  during  the  prevalence  of 
frost  and  cold  cutting  winds.  It  will  be  difficult 
during  the  spring  months  to  do  this,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  keep  the  temperature  desirably  low  :  the  in- 
creasing power  of  the  sun  will,  even  in  the  teeth  of  a 
frost-laden  March  wind,  raise  the  thermometsr  in  a 
«'iut-up  house  to  a  degree  much  beyond  what  Ericas 
will  endure  for  long.  When  this  is  frequently  the 
case,  scrim  may  be  spread  over  the  openings  of  the 
ventilators  to  temper  the  wind  and  deprive  it  of 
its  frosty  particles. 

The  temperature  should  be  kept  as  low  as  is 
consistent  with  the  exclusion  of  frost,  but  in 
long-continued  dull  damp  weather  in  winter  or 
spring  it  may  be  necessary  to  raise  the  tempera- 
ture even  when  already  undesirably  high,  in  order 
to  induce  a  free  circulation  of  air,  only  shutting 
the  ventilators  during  the  prevalence  of  frost  and 
cold,  cutting  winds.  During  the  spring  months 
the  opening  of  the  side  ^ventilators  is  strictly  to 
be  avoided  when  frosty  or  cold  east  winds  prevail, 
but  the  top  ventilator  may  be  kept  open  to  moderate 
the  temperature,  which,  in  spite  of  a  frost-laden  March 
wind,  the  power  of  the  sun  at  that  season,  will  often 
raise  higher  than  is  desirable  for  Ericas.  In  long-con- 
tinued dull  damp  weather,  in  winter  or  spring,  it  may 
be  necessary  to  give  a  little  fire-heat  even  when  the 
thermometer  stands  undesirably  high  in  order  to 
induce  a  free  circulation  of  air,  by  which  means  only 
can  an  attack  of  mildew  be  averted.  When  this 
course  has  to  be  adopted,  it  is  best  to  give  the  heat 
during  the  day  and  open  the  ventilators  freely. 


Of  the  ordinary  matters  of  pinching  or  pruning 
and  slaking  it  need  only  be  said  that  the  fewer  the 
stakes  that  are  used  the  better  it  will  be  for  the  health 
of  the  plants.  Stopping  or  pinching  will  be  necessary 
to  keep  the  plants  well  furnished  at  all  points,  and 
as  the  direction  of  vigour  in  most  sorts  is  upwards,  to 
the  detriment  of  the  lower  branches,  the  top  shoots 
will  requite  the  largest  amount  of  attention. 

Mildew  is  almost  the  only  enemy  to  which  the  Erica 
is  a  prey,  but  it  will  give  little  trouble  if  the  plants 
»re  kept  in  health,  free  ventilation  at  all  times,  except 
during  frost,  being  the  best  preventive,  and  the 
timely  application  of  sulphur  being  the  best  cure, 
W.  S. 


ON    THE    WILD     FORMS     OF 
TUBEROUS   SOLANUM.* 

The  well  marked  distinct  species  of  tuber-bearing 
Solanum  are  five  in  number,  and  are  all  natives  of 
America,  viz.  ;  — 

1.  Solanum  tuberosum,  including  numerous  sub- 
species and  varieties  ;  2,  S.  Commersoni ;  3,  S. 
cardiophyllum  j  4,  S.  Jamesii  ;  5,  S.  oxycarpum. 

Tne  Potato  of  cultivation  originated  from  the  first. 
I  will  say  a  few  words  about  the  others  and  then 
return  to  this  one,  S.  tuberosum. 

2.  .y.  Commersoni  is  a  native  of  Uruguay,  Buenos 
Ayres,  and  the  Argentine  territory,  in  rocky,  arid 
situations  at  a  low  level.  It  is  a  dwarfer  plant  than 
tuberosum,  with  small,  oblong,  obtuse,  subequal 
leaflets  and  larger  flowers,  with  a  corolla  always 
pale  lilac,  and  deeply  cleft.  It  has  been  cultivated 
successfully  in  France,  but  is  probably  too  subtropical 
in  its  climatic  needs  to  be  adapted  for  our  own 
country. 

3.  .$■.  cardiophyllum  is  more  like  some  of  the 
tuberosum  forms  in  general  habit,  but  the  corolla  is 
different  in  structure.  It  is  a  native  of  the  highlands 
of  Central  Mexico  at  an  elevation  of  iiooo  to  9000 
feet  above  the  sea  level.  It  was  cultivated  many  years 
ago  in  the  Cfaiswick  Gardens,  but  is  not  in  this 
country  now,  and  no  record  seems  to  have  been  left 
about  the  shape,  size  and  quality  of  its  tubers. 

4.  S.  Jamesii  is  a  Northern  type,  being  a  native 
of  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and 
Arizona.  It  is  very  different  from  the  cultivated 
Potato,  in  size  and  habit,  much  dwarfer,  with  oblong 
acute  subequal  leaflets  and  small  pale  flowers  with  a 
deeply  cut  corolla.  It  has  been  grown  at  Kew  and 
many  other  places  in  England.  The  tubers  are  very 
palatable,  but  I  have  never  seen  them  larger  than 
marbles. 

5.  S.  oxycarpum,— 01  this  I  have  never  seen  even 
dried  specimens,  and  know  it  only  from  a  drawing. 
It  is  like  Jamesii  in  general  habit,  and  differs  very  much 
from  all  the  others  in  its  fruit,  which  is  oblong  and 
sharp  pointed,  whence  its  name.  It  is  a  native  of 
Central  Mexico,  and  the  flowers  and  tubers  have 
never  b:en  described. 

Tuberosum,  using  the  name  so  as  to  include  under 
it  all  the  tuberous- rooted  Solanums  with  short  deltoid 
segments  of  the  corolla,  extends  down  the  western 
side  of  the  American  continent,  from  the  Rocky 
Mountains  in  latitude  30°  north,  to  the  Chonos  Archi- 
pelago, off  the  coast  of  Patagonia,  in  latitude  45° 
south,  so  that  it  is  spread  over  a  latitudinal  range  of 
75°-  Within  this  area  we  get  no  less  than  sixteen 
forms,  so  far  different  from  one  another  that  they 
have  been  named  by  some  one  or  other  botanical 
writer  as  distinct  species.  They  are  not,  however, 
species  in  any  comprehensive  sense.  They  all  coin- 
cide in  the  general  characters  of  tuber,  leaf,  inflor- 
escence, flower  and  fruit ;  tuberosum,  therefore,  is 
one  of  those  polymorphic  vegetable  types  of  which  we 
have  examples  in  the  Old  World  in  Rosi  canioa, 
Rubus  fruticosus.  Narcissus  Pseudo-Narcissus,  and 
Nephrodium  Filix-mas.  The  case  is  very  similar  to 
what  we  have  in  England  in  the  genus  Rubus.  Cha- 
mfemorus,  Idaeus,  and  saxatilis  are  well  marked, 
definitely  bounded,  and  clearly  characterised  types. 
In  the  tuberous  Solanums,  Commersoni,  cardiophyl- 
lum, Jamesii,  and  oxycarpum  are  the  distinct  types, 
and  tuberosum,  like  Rubus  fruticosus,  a  comprehen- 
sive species  in  the  sense  of  Bentham  and  Hooker,  a 
group  of  closely  allied  species  in  the  sense  of  Dunal 
and  Eabington.  The  extreme  forms  look  very 
different  from  one  another  when  they  are  placed  side 


A  paper  read  at  the  Tercentenary  Conftrence,  December  a, 
:6,  by  J.  G.  Baker,  F.R.S. 


by  side,  but  if  the  whole  series  is  taken  there  is  no 
very  decided  gap  to  be  found  in  any  one  character, 
but  between  the  extreme  types  we  get  gradual  inter- 
mediate stages  of  gradation.  In  the  present  case 
the  principal  differences  between  the  sixteen  forms 
lie  in  the  robustness  of  growth  and  haitines; 
of  the  whole  plant,  the  shape  and  number  of 
the  leaflets,  the  absence  or  presence  of  little 
leaflets  intercalated  on  the  leaf  axis  between  the 
big  ones ;  the  shape  of  the  c^lyx  and  segments, 
and  the  colour  of  the  corolla.  Although  the  Potato 
haj  been  cultivated  in  Europe  for  300  years,  in  point 
of  fact  we  know  extremely  little  that  is  trustworthy 
about  the  alterations  that  may  be  produced  in  these 
characters  by  change  of  climate  and  soil.  On  the 
present  occasion  I  will  enumerate  them  geographically, 
referring  those  interested  in  the  matter  for  botanical 
details  to  a  paper  which  I  published  in  vol.  xx.  of  the 
"Journal of  the  Linnean  Society,  p.  489  to  507,  wi  h 
six  plates, 

Chili. 

The  Chilian  types  are  Maglia.eluberosum.Bridgesii, 
and  Fernandezianum.  We  have  had  Maglia  at  Kew 
since  1862.  It  differs  from  etuberosum  by  its  fewer 
leaflets,  intercalated  little  leaflets  absent  or  scarcely 
present,  hispid  peduncle,  and  white  flowers.  It  is 
abundant  on  the  coast,  near  Valparaiso.  A  closely 
allied  form  was  found  by  Darwin  in  the  Chonos 
Archipelago.  E'uberosum  is  very  little  different 
from  the  cultivated  Potato  in  leaf  and  flower.  When 
it  was  first  described  it  was  said  to  have  no  tubers  at 
all,  but  in  a  plant  I  saw  last  summer,  grown  at  the 
Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden  under  the  name,  tubers 
were  present.  Fernandezianum  comes  from  the 
island  of  Juan  Fernandez.  It  looks  very  like  the 
ordinary  cultivated  Potato.  Bridgesii  is  a  high  Andine 
form  with  numerous  narrow  leaflets  and  obtuse  calyx 
segments. 

Andes  of  Peru,  Ecuador,  Bolivia,  and 

Columbia. 
In  Peru  a  plant  is  widely  spread  which  quite  agrees 
with  the  common  cultivated  Potato.  This  I  wiU 
therefore  call  eu-tuberosum,  as  I  think  it  best  to  keep 
the  name  tuberosum  for  the  whole  group,  and  have 
a  separate  name  for  each  of  the  distinguishable  forms. 
The  drawing  of  it  which  I  now  exhibit  was  mide 
from  a  plant  gathered  by  Matthews  on  the  rocky  hills 
of  Amancaes  near  Lima.  Whether  this  eu-tuberosum 
is  really  native  in  Peru  I  am  not  able  to  say  with 
certainty,  but  I  should  think  this  is  most  likely. 
The  other  named  Andine  forms  are  Mandoni,  immite, 
columbianum,  and  valenzuelae,  none  of  which  have 
been  seen  alive  in  Europe. 

Me.\ico. 

The  Mexican  types  are  verrucosum,  suaveolens, 
stoloniferum,  demissum,  utile  and  squamulosum. 
Of  verrucosum  I  exhibit  a  figure  copied  from  one 
of  Schlechtendabl  drawn  from  a  living  plant  grown 
in  Germany.  This  verrucosum  was  cultivated  for 
several  years  on  a  large  scale  near  Geneva,  but  was 
not  able  to  compete  with  eu-tuberosum,  and  (was 
abandoned.  Suaveolens  was  once  grown  at  Kew,  but 
we  have  not  got  it  now.  Demissum  was  described 
by  Lindley  from  specimens  grown  at  Chiswick.  Of 
stoloniferum  I  have  seen  plants  grown  at  Leipsic. 
Squamulosum  and  utile  1  know  from  descriptions 
alone. 

Rocky  Mountains. 

Here  we  get  Fendleri,  the  most  northern  of  the 
tuberosum  varieties.  It  is  much  dwarfer  and  weaker 
than  eutuberosum,  with  three  to  seven  thin  ovate  sub- 
acute leaflets,  intercalated  leaflets  few  or  none,  and  few- 
flowered  cymes  (as  shown  in  an  accompanying  figuie). 
What  is  the  economic  value  of  its  tubers  still  remains 
to  be  tested. 

I  take  the  names  as  I  find  them  in  the  botanical 
books.  I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  I  can  undertake  to 
identify  sixteen  sub-species  and  varieties.  Taking 
eu-tuberosum  as  the  type,  Maglia  and  Fendleri,  the 
two  geographical  extremes,  look  to  me  to  recede  from 
it  most.  All  that  I  know  about  their  characters  and 
localities  I  have  given  in  the  paper  to  which  I  have 
already  referred.  I  wish  much  that  some  one  would 
monograph  these  tuberous  Solanums  in  the  same 
thorough  way  that  Mr.  George  Maw  has  just  mono- 
graphed the  Crocuses.  We  do  not  even  know  clearly 
whether  eu-tuberosum,  the  common  cultivated  esculent 
so  freely  displayed  on  the  tables  in  front  of  us,  be  really 
an  original  type,  or  a  form  produced  by  the  agency  of 
man  ;  and  in  investigating  the  relations  to  it  of  the 
other  fifteen  tuberosum  forms,  there  is  scope  for  the 
labour  of  a  lifetime.  I  leave  to  those  who  are 
better  qualified  than  myself  the  task  of  thinking  out 
what  are  the  practical  deductions  to  be  drawn  from 
these  facts, 


DECtMBER    II,    |SS6.] 


'IHE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


IM 


fflrff|id  |[alfS5  and  il^aninp. 


MASDEVALLIA  CUCULLATA. 
Whether  destined  to  become  popular  cr  not,  fir 
garden  purposes  this  is  very  distinct  and  good.  I[ 
has  not  the  clear,  brilliant  colouiing  of  M.  Vcilchi, 
or  &r,  Harryani,  but  is  equally  desirable  in  a  col- 
lection where  varietv'  is  of  any  importance.  M. 
corniculata  and  M.  inBata  are  said  to  be  Its  nearest 
cousins,  but  its  habit  and  general  appearance  are 
not  unlike  those  of  M.  Reichenbachiaaa  and  M. 
eoriacea,  which  are  comparatively  better  known  in 
the  horticultural  world.  The  colour,  however,  is 
described  by  Reichenbach  in  the  GaTiUr.eri* 
Chronicle,  vol.  xix.,  n.?,,  p.  592,  as  of  the  darkest 
blackish-purple,  is  seldom  (if  ever)  met  with 
io  the  genus.  In  our  sunless,  fogey  English  winter 
climate  its  greatest  intensity  may  not  be  developed, 
and  some  would  prefer  to  consider  the  ctljur  as  a 
deep  maroon.  The  foliage  is  leathery  and  handsome, 
fofming  a  fine  glossy  green  background  for  the  con- 
spicuous and  moderately-sizsd  flowers,  whose  spread- 
ing tails  .:.re  1  ^ — 2  inches  in  length.  B-'ing  a  native  cf 
Colombia,  it  delights  in  the  temperature  of  a  cool 
house,  and  may  be  grown  to  perfection  in  pots  with 
peat  and  sphagnum,  and  plenty  of  drainage  ti  carry 
off  the  superabundant  moisture  necessitated  in  the 
heavy  waterings  during  the  summer  season.  A 
healthy  specimen  has  been  flowering  for  some  time  in 
the  cool  0;chid-house  at  Kew,  hung  up  near  the 
glass.  J.  F. 

LiSSOCIIILDS  Krebsii   purpuratus. 

A  deciduous  terrestrial  Orchid,  native  of  South 
Africa,  with  pseudobulbs  and  plicate  leaves.  The 
flowers  are  borne  in  erect  spikes,  each  bearing  some 
twenty  flowers.  Sepals  dark  green  at  the  back, 
maroon-purple  in  front,  the  margins  revolute  ;  the 
petals  ovate,  bright  yellow  outside  and  creamy- 
yellow  within,  faintly  veined  with  red  at  the  base  ; 
lip  clear  yellow,  its  lateral  lobes  chocolate-brown 
freaked  with  darker  lines,  and  the  fpur  is  striped 
with  pink.     The  plant  flowers  in  July. 

Pot  culture,  with  good  fibrous  loam  and  abundance 
of  water  during  the  growing  season.  They  should  be 
kept  dry  during  the  resting  season  and  require  a 
warm  temperature  at  all  times  especially  during 
growth.  The  plants  are  best  grown  in  full  light. 
Orchid  Album. 


THE  POTATO  TERCENTENARY: 
THE   CONFERENCE. 

(Cumluded  from  p.  7:8. ) 

Wk  have  already  alluded  to  the  proceedings  up  to 
the  lime  of  out  going  to  press  on  Thursday,  Dec.  2, 
in  the  afternoon  of  that  day  Mr.  G.  Murray,  F.L.S., 
of  the  British  Museum,  read  a  paper  on  "The 
Potato  Disease,"  his  remarks  being  illustrated  by  a 
number  of  diagrams  of  the  fungus  in  its  various 
stages.  He  said  that  the  history  of  the  disease  was 
a  recent  one  as  compared  with  the  history  of  the 
Potato  itself,  notice  having  been  first  called  to  it  in 
1845,  when  it  was  probably  brought  to  the  country 
from  Belgium.  After  describing  the  nature  of  the 
fungus,  Mr.  Murray  said  that  he  had  satisfied  himself 
that  the  disease  was  propagated  by  the  spores  being 
distributed  by  the  wind.  A  number  of  glass  slides, 
such  as  are  used  with  a  microscope,  having  been 
covered  with  glycerine  and  placed  on  the  lee  side  of 
a  field  of  infected  Potatos,  when  a  slight  breeze  was 
blowing,  it  was  found  that  after  an  exposure  of  a  few 
hours  the  slides  each  contained  a  number  of  these 
spores.  From  continuous  microscopic  investigation 
it  had  been  seen  that  the  complete  fungus  was  pro- 
duced in  three  hours  ;  and  this  fact  accounted  for  the 
sudden  and  disastrous  spread  of  the  disease.  No 
system  of  earthing  up  the  Potatos  could,  he  believed, 
be  efficacious  in  checking  the  disease,  neither  could 
confidence  be  placed  in  any  legislative  enactments 
regulating  the  planting  of  Potato?. 

Earl  Cathcart  said  it  would  be  interesting  to  know 
whether  the  Potato  disease  was  an  elT  ct  or  a  cause. 
With  regard  to  the  degeneracy  of  the  Potato,  he 
might  mention  that  it  was  a  fact  that  no  supposed 
disease-resisting  Potato  had  ever  existed  for  more  than 
about  twenty  years.  That,  in  itself,  he  considered  to 
be  an  argument  in  favour  of  the  theory  that  plants 
are  liable  to  degenerate  when  over-cultivated. 


Introduction  of  the  Potato  into  France. 

Mr.   Henry  Leveque  de  Vilmorin  (of  the  French 

National  Society  of  Agriculture)   then  read  a  paper 

upon  "  The  Introduction  of  the  Potato  into  Frai;ce." 

The  second  day's  proceedings,  if  of  less  general  in- 
terest than  those  of  the  previous  day,  were  decidedly 
more  practical,  but  the  audience,  though  fit,  was 
decidedly  few. 

The  Production  of  Varieties  by  Cultivation. 
Dr.  Maxwell  Masters,  F.R.S  ,  having  prepared  no 
paper,  introduced  this  subject  lor  discussion  by  a  few 
general  remarks. 

After  alluding  to  the  objects  sought,  the  speaker 
said  that  the  question  for  discussion  was  whether  the 
modes  which  we  now  adopted  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  new  varieties  were  sufficient  to  insure  the 
attainment  of  the  object  worked  for.  On  the  whole 
be  did  not  think  they  were,  and  he  would  take  the 
opportunity  of  drawing  attention  to  the  want  of  pre- 
cision that  attended  the  eflforts  at  the  present  time  to 
raise  new  varieties  rf  the  Potat  j.  A  wider  knowledge 
and  a  greater  precision  in  scientific  method  were  much 
wanted.  As  an  indication  of  the  present  deficiency, 
the  speaker  alluded  to  the  popular  confusion  between 
"  seeds  "  and  "tubers,"  and  to  the  singular  habit  of 
speaking  of  the  fruit  or  berry  of  a  Potato,  either  as  an 
"  Apple*'  or  a  "  Plum,"  when  it  was  neither  one  nor 
the  other,  and  presented  but  a  remote  resemblance  to 
either !  Dr.  Masters  then  alluded  to  the  possible 
methods  of  securing  new  and  improved  varieties, 
speaking  first  of  selection  either  of  tubers  or  of 
seedling  varieties,  but  he  was  of  opinion  that 
nothing  useful  could  be  derived  from  this  method. 
Another  process  was  that  of  cross  breeding,  or 
the  production  of  new  varieties  by  the  appli- 
cation of  the  pollen  of  one  variety  to  the  stigma 
of  another.  This  method  had  been  practised  for 
many  years,  espicially  by  Mr.  Fenn.  The  third 
method  was  that  of  hybridizition  proper,  or  the  cross- 
ing of  two  reputedly  distinct  species.  This  process 
had  not  been  much  attended  to  in  England  until  it 
was  taken  up  by  Messrs.  SuUoa  at  Reading.  There 
was  yet  another  mode  by  which  new  varieties  might 
be  obtained — namely,  grafting.  Many  Potato  culti- 
vatois  absolutely  eienied  the  possibility  of  any- 
thing like  grafting,  but  he  believed  it  to  be  a  practi- 
cable and  realizable  idea.  He  had  himself  ascertained 
that  it  was  possible,  and  bad  seen  or  read  of  the  results 
obtained  by  Mr.  A.  Dean,  Mr.  Maule,  Mr.  Fcnu,  Mr. 
W.  G.  Smith,  and  other  experimenters.  Remarkable 
results  had  been  obtained  by  grafting  the  Potato  on  to 
the  Tomato  and  other  species,  but  these  were  matters 
of  curiosi'y  merely.  These  were  all  the  methods  at 
present  practised  for  gaining  new  varieties  of  the 
Potato  ;  there  might  be  more,  but  he  did  not  think  it 
probable.  What  he  would  wish  to  emphasise  was 
that  all  these  modes,  except  that  practised  by  Messrs. 
Sutton,  were  merely  shifts  of  a  kaleidoscope,  or 
ringing  the  changes  on  the  old  varieties  over 
and  over  again.  If  any  really  important  result  were 
to  be  obtained  in  the  future  in  point  of  greater 
adaptability  to  our  climate,  power  of  resisting 
disease,  or  general  robustness,  we  should  have  to 
infuse  a  new  strain  into  our  varieties,  and  the  only 
way  to  do  this  was  by  hybridisation  of  species.  It 
was  not  necessary  to  confine  the  experiments  to 
tuberous  Solanums  only,  but  other  hardy  species  of 
Solanum  might  be  put  under  requisition  to  supply 
pollen  or  to  supply  seed,  as  the  case  might  be.  The 
process,  however,  would  be  very  long  and  tedious, 
and  it  would  hardly  be  within  the  power  of  private 
Individuals  to  undertake  the  experiments,  which 
would  require  perhaps  twenty  years  of  constant 
attention. 

Mr.  A.  Dean,  who  was  announced  to  read  a  paper 
on  the  "Raising  of  New  Varieties,"  criticised  some 
of  the  statements  made  by  Dr.  Masters,  especially  as 
regards  the  production  of  varieties  by  selection,  in 
which  position  he  was  supported  by  Mr.  Arthur 
Sutton,  but  both  these  gentlemen  were  probably  at 
the  moment  alluding  to  selection  by  tubers  only,  and 
not  to  the  selection  of  seedlings,  Mr,  A.  Dean 
has  furnished  us  with  the  following  note,  which  em- 
bodies the  substance  of  his  paper  and  the  gist  of  his 
remarks : — 

Variations  in  Potatos  by  Cultivation. 
The   very  interesting    address   delivered   by   Dr. 
Masters  before  the  Potato  Tercentenary  Conference 
on  the  3d  inst,  was  based  upon  soipe  notes  whkh  af? 


now  before  me,  and  upon  which  I  wish  to  comment. 
It  was  much  to  be  deplored  that  papers  and  discus- 
sions so  full  of  interest  both  to  scientific  and  practical 
men  should  have  had  so  poor  an  audience,  for  those 
who  were  absent  were  emphatically  the  losers.  Now, 
Dr.  Masters  suggested  that  some  variations  in  Potato! 
were  produced  by  selection,  subsequently  support- 
ing his  assertion  by  the  unfortunately  too  well 
known  fact,  that  some  seed  or  Potato  growers 
do  not  hesitate  to  publish  sorts  as  improved  forms 
of  well-known  varieties.  That  such  improvements 
can  be  effected  by  selection  [of  tubers]  so  as  to 
justify  any  such  appellation  as  "improved  "  or  other 
endeavour  to  show  distinctness,  is  improbable,  if  net 
impossible.  No  Potato  can,  by  any  process  of  selec- 
tion, be  made  better  than  it  was  when  originally 
named,  and  in  its  pristine  youth  and  vigour.  A 
stock  may  deteriorate  through  bad  culture,  and,  no 
doubt,  does  so  often,  or  through  bad  storing,  or 
through  careless  regard  for  the  commonest  require- 
ments of  a  Potato  depending  for  perpetuation  upon 
tubers. 

On  the  other  hand,  we  have  ample  evidence  that 
varieties  will  endure  for  long  periods  if  carefully 
selected,  cultivated,  and  preserved.  The  old  Ashleaf 
— so  old  that  its  origin  is  hardly  traceable — is  a  proof 
that  with  ordinary  care  any  variety  may  be  long  per- 
petuated. The  reason  why  the  Ashleaf  has  been  kept 
so  long  is,  that  we  have  not  yet  found  a  kind  of  its 
peculiar  quality,  and  so  early,  to  displace  it  ;  still  it 
is  now  much  less  grown  than  was  formerly  the  case. 
One  reason  why  so  many  other  forms  have  disappeared 
is,  that  we  can  easily  raise,  by  cross-breeding,  new 
varieties,  which  are  even  better  croppers,  equal  or 
even  better  in  quality,  and,  being  new,  invariably  do 
what  is  done  everywhere — push  the  older  forms  out  of 
existence. 

Sports,  or  bud  variation,  form  a  second  suggestion, 
which,  however,  does  not  seem  applicable  to  the 
Potato — at  least,  as  far  a;  my  considerable  experience 
has  gone.  One  result,  I  trust,  of  the  reference  to 
these  matters  by  Dr.  Masters  will  be  that  we  shall 
hear  no  more  of  undoubted  impositions  which  have 
been  found  under  the  designation  of  improved  varieties 
as  applied  to  Potatos. 

Cross-breeding  undoubtedly  forms  the  chief, 
indeed  the  only  means  by  which  new  varieties  are 
obtained.  The  practice  is  simple,  and  so  easy  that 
we  have  numerous  raisers  of  Potatos  by  cross-breeding. 
Some  kinds  set  their  own  flowers  most  abundantly, 
but  that  is  due  solely  to  a  superabundance  of  pollen 
in  the  anthers.  Others — and  these  are  numerous  —have 
very  robust  habit,  but  scarcely  any  pollen,  hence  it 
is  difficult  to  employ  them  as  pollen  parents  but  most 
will  make  very  good  seed  parents.  Oa  the  other 
hand,  when  pollen  can  be  obtained  from  them  if  ever 
so  sparingly,  it  will  fertilise  as  readily  as  will  pollen 
from  the  most  fecund  sorts.  Dr.  Masters  pointed  out 
that  the  common  appellations  of  Plum  or  Apple  to 
the  seed  ball  of  the  Potato  were  botanically  mislead- 
ing; it  will  interest  not  only  all  Potato  breeders  but 
all  interested  in  the  Potato  in  any  way,  to  learn  that 
a  more  correct  appellation  would  be  berry.  Some 
few  kinds  produce  those  berries  in  great  profusion — 
Kidstock  Beauty  and  Woodstock  Kidney  have  often 
given  clusters  of  twenty  or  more,  and  literally  by 
bushels. 

The  seed  produce  of  these  would,  without  doubt, 
being  naturally  fertilised,  prove  but  reproductive 
of  the  parent  [?].  It  is  only  when  actual  cross- 
fertilisation  takes  place  that  variation  is  found  and 
then  often  it  is  most  remarkable,  even  two  coloured 
sorts  producing  while  ones.  The  application  of  other 
pollen  to  the  pistil  of  the  flower  of  the  seed  parent  will 
produce  a  berry  having  probably  some  fifty  seeds,  and 
each  one  shall  give  a  plant  almost  certainly  diverse 
from  its  fellow  in  some  way.  What  wonder,;then,  that 
wehaveso  many  new  varieties  of  Potatos  and  that  older 
kinds  get  elbowed  out  of  existence  ?  Probably  most 
Potato  cultivators  have  noticed  that  whilst  many 
varieties  promise  to  bloom  freely  yet  they  fail  in  the 
promise,  the  blooms  falling  ere  fully  developed.  There 
can  be  little  doubt  that  such  result  is  the  corollary 
of  want  of  pollen,  in  the  flowers,  because  it 
is  often  found  that  application  of  pollen  to 
flowers  before  they  fall  will  not  only  retain 
the  flowers,  but  cause  seed-berries  to  form.  It  is  rare, 
however,  that  such  berries  come  so  large  as  is  seen 
on  plants  which  naturally  fertilise  their  own  blooms. 
I  have  often  had  to  gather  berries  so  produced  when 
apparently  only  half  matured,  and  have  invariably 
found  the  seeds  fertile,     Growers  regard  free  berrying 


748 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  1886. 


to  be  objectionable,  as  tending  to  abstract  from  the 
plants  strength  which  otherwise  would  go  into  the 
tubers.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that,  although  I  have 
had  breadths  of  kinds  which  naturally  fruit  freely  to 
leave  considerable  quantities  of  berries  containing 
seed  on  the  soil,  yet  I  have  never  at  any  subsequent 
season  found  seedlings  to  germinate.  The  obvious 
thought  is  that  cold  or  damp  kills  the  seed — not  an 
improbable  result  in  the  case  of  so  tender  an  exotic  as 
the  Potato  is. 

With  respect  to  hybridisation  proper,  between  two 
species  or  progeny  of  species,  I  can  but  agree  with  Dr. 
Masters  in  the  conclusion  that  it  is  work  for  some 
public  body  to  take  in  hand.  Without  doubt  the 
experiments  so  admirably  conducted  by  the  Messrs. 
Sutton  at  Reading,  whilst  full  of  interest  and  even  of 
promise,  will  lack  the  importance  which  would  attach 
to  the  actual  hybridisation  of  two  distinct  species,  or 
even  of  progeny  of  species.  To  employ  pollen  of  a 
cultivated  form  upon  the  original  tuberosum  is  at  once 
a  great  leap,  and  yet  but  travelling  over  the  old 
ground  ;  and  if  the  disease  is  to  be  checkmated  there 
does  not  seem  much  hope  of  such  an  accomplishment 
by  elements  notoriously  liable  to  disease.  But  to 
intercross  the  original  S.  tuberosum  with  S.  Maglia,  or 
the  latter  with  some  other  species,  would  be  to  make 
a  really  new  departure,  although  it  may  take  fifty 
years  to  solve  effectually,  and  even  then  perhaps  end 
in  failure. 

It  is  true  we  never  had  more  proliBc  Potatos  than 
now,  nor  have  Potatos  been  more  abundant  for  many 
years ;  still,  we  have  been  revelling  in  a  succession  of 
comparatively  good  Potato  seasons,  and  that  makes 
us  optimist — i.e.,  rather  than  despondent.  With  wet 
seasons — and  seasons  seem  to  run  in  cycles — we  may 
have  a  return  of  the  old  evidences  of  devastation. 
Should  such  misfortune  come,  where  shall  we  look 
for  relief — to  what  straw  shall  we  cling  for  help  ?  If 
a  new  departure  in  the  creation  of  Potatos  will  not 
help  us,  what  will  ?  And  if  that  departure  is  not 
really  promoted,  what  hope  is  there  in  that  quarter  ? 
Even  the  proposed  introduction  of  varieties  said  to 
be  void  of  disease  in  Chili  to  this  often  cold  and 
inhospitable  climate,  in  which  the  Peronospora  spore 
seems  exceptionally  favoured,  can  hardly  help  in  the 
solution  of  the  problem. 

I  should  like  to  add,  in  conclusion,  that  the  recent 
Conference,  poorly  as  it  was  attended,  servedjto  show 
how  much  of  interest  there  is  found  clustering  about 
the  Potato,  apart  from  its  mere  value  as  an  article  of 
food.  Without  doubt,  its  exceeding  liability  to 
disease  has  helped  to  bring  these  features  into  promi- 
nence, and  it  must  be  admitted  that  Potato  culture  in 
all  its  varied  aspects  may  become  a  fascinating  occu- 
pation and  study, 

Mr.  Arthur  Sutton  (Reading)  said  that  he  did  not 
wish  to  claim  any  Df  the  credit  for  having  originated 
the  experiments  referred  to  by  Dr.  Maxwell  Masters. 
The  idea  had  emanated  from  Lord  Cathcart,  and  he 
believed  that  in  its  execution  they  had  a  pleasing 
example  of  the  union  of  scientific  and  practical 
knowledge. 

Mr,  William  Earley  said  that,  while  he  did  not 
assert  the  possibility  of  obtaining  new  varieties  by 
the  process  of  selection,  the  fact  was  not  to  be  over- 
looked that  by  continually  choosing  the  best  speci- 
mens of  a  variety  a  better  standard  of  excellence  was 
maintained. 

Mr.  Charles  Ap  Thomas  said  that  he  had  resided 
for  twenty-five  years  in  Chili  and  Peru,  and  was  con- 
versant with  the  Potatos  grown  there.  There  were 
three  principal  varieties  of  the  Potato,  one  of  them,  the 
yellow  Potato,  Papa  amarilla,  cultivated  up  to  2000 
or  3000  feet,  near  Callao,  and  very  suitable  for  intro- 
duction into  England.  [The  Incas  of  Peru  culti- 
vated a  similar  variety,  as  was  mentioned  the  day 
before  in  Mr.  Markham's  paper.]  Its  name  was  given 
it  on  account  of  the  colour  of  its  flesh ;  and  it  was  very 
similar  to  the  Rector  of  Woodstock  variety.  It  was 
indigenous  to  the  soil,  and  had  been  found  in  the 
country  by  the  Spaniards  when  they  first  arrived. 
Other  varieties  grew  near  the  coast.  Mr.  Ap  Thomas 
suggested  that  these  varieties  should  be  introduced, 
and  alluded  also  to  the  Ullucus.  He  had  never  heard 
of  the  existence  of  the  disease  in  Peru, 

Earl  Cathcart  expressed  a  hope  that  Mr.  Ap 
Thomas'  information  might  be  put  into  a  form  avail- 
able for  future  reference. 

Papers  were  then  read  by  Mr.  Richard  Dean,  on 
"  The  Cultivation  of  the  Potato ;"  by  Mr.  Alexander 
Dean,  on   "  Raising   New  Varieties  ;  "    arid  by  Mr, 


Earley,  on  "  The  Advantage  of  Early  Lifting  of  the 
Crop  as  a  Preventive  of  Disease." 

Railway  Rates. 

In  the  evening  a  conference  was  held  of  Potato 
cultivators  to  consider  the  subject  of  the  rates  of 
transit  of  Potatos.  Mr.  T.  H.  Bolton  occupied  the 
chair.  In  opening  the  proceedings  he  said  that  it 
was  generally  admitted  that  the  railways  had  hardly 
answered  the  requirements  of  the  public  either  as  to 
accommodation  or  cheapness  of  transit.  In  the  last 
Parliament  a  measure  had  been  introduced,  on  the 
responsibility  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  Government,  to 
place  the'railway  companies  under  greater  supervision, 
and  to  require  that  they  should  more  fully  discharge 
the  duties  which  had,  under  Parliamentary  sanction, 
been  intrusted  to  them.  The  measure  was  not  then 
carried  through,  but  its  passing  into  law  was  only 
deferred,  and  the  railway  companies  would  have 
finally  to  submit  to  Parliamentary  control.  We  had 
had  very  great  reason  to  complain  of  the  unfair  pre- 
ference that  was  practically  given  to  foreign  producers 
in  connection  with  the  main  trunk  lines  in  the  great 
cities.  It  was  no  ^use  for  the  railways  to  plead  that 
they  could  not  afford  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  the 
public,  for  it  could  be  seen  from  many  returns  that 
most  of  the  chief  lines  were  paying  good  dividends. 

Mr.  W.  A.  Hunter,  M.P,,  then  read  a  paper  on 
the  subject  under  discussion.  He  said  the  subject  oi 
railway  charges  for  the  carrying  of  Potatos  might  be 
considered  under  the  following  heads  : — i.  Preferen- 
tial charges  in  favour  of  foreign  as  against  home- 
grown Potatos ;  2,  irregularities  in  the  charges  com- 
pared with  the  service  rendered ;  3,  charges  by  rail- 
way companies  exceeding  the  maximum  ;  4,  excessive 
proportion  of  the  charges  to  the  value  of  the  article  ; 
5,  suggestions  for  cheapening  the  rates  for  con- 
veyance. With  regard  to  the  last  consideration, 
could  cheaper  rates  be  obtained?  It  was  first  to 
be  remembered  that  as  it  stood  now  the  law  could  do 
nothing  to  help  the  Potato  grower.  On  the  Brighton 
line  the  rate  charged  per  ton  per  mile,  exclusive  of 
collection  and  delivery,  varied  between  40'.  and  6(/., 
while  in  America  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company 
charged  less  than  a  halfpenny  per  ton  per  mile  on  the 
average  of  the  whole  goods  traffic.  This  was  lower 
than  the  English  average  for  the  coal  traffic  only.  The 
secret  of  the  low  American  rates  was  not  in  the  unre- 
munerative  character  of  the  work  done,  but  in  the  mode 
of  conducting  railway  business.  What  was  required 
was  a  truck  rate  besides  a  tonnage  rate.  By  such  an 
arrangement  the  trader  could  have  the  option  of  send- 
ing by  the  present  system  or  of  having  a  truck  and 
loading  it  as  he  pleased  and  with  what  he  pleased  up 
to  the  full  carrying  capacity  of  the  waggon.  At  a 
rough  guess  he  would  say  that  an  eight  or  ten  ton 
truck  ought  to  be  charged  about  (>d.  per  mile  for  short 
distances  (say  under  40  miles),  and  a  diminishing  rate 
for  long  distances,  so  that  for  200  miles  it  ought  not 
to  exceed  i,d.  per  mile.  It  might  be  said  that  though 
this  system  would  be  beneficial  to  the  large  trader 
it  would  not  be  so  to  the  small  trader.  Indirectly  it 
would,  however,  for  the  moment  a  fair  truck  rate  was 
established  a  class  of  carriers  would  spring  up  who 
would  collect  the  traffic  of  small  men  and  make  their 
profit  by  sending  full  truckloads.  Under  the  present 
.iystem  the  independent  carrier  has  been  exterminated 
and  the  railway  companies  had  established  a  monopoly ; 
if  a  truck  rate  were  fixed  the  business  would  be  made 
more  profitable  to  the  companies  and  at  the  same 
time  the  railway  monopoly  would  be  destroyed. 

After  a  discussion  upon  the  paper  the  Conference 
closed  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Hunter  and 
Mr.  Bolton, 

Implements  from  Ireland  Used  by  the 
Peasants. 

On  the  stand  of  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  of  Covent 
Garden,  were  shown  some  very  interesting  souvenirs 
of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  house  in  Ireland,  sent  by 
Mr.  J.  C.  Buckley,  of  Savoy  House,  London. 
Amongst  them  were  the  following  : — Potatos  grown 
in  the  garden  of  Raleigh's  house  at  Youghal,  Co. 
Cork,  where  the  famous  traveller  first  planted  the 
Potato  in  these  islands ;  these  Potatos  were  con- 
tained in  an  osier  "kish,"  or  basket  used  to  collect 
the  tubers  in  the  field  (see  fig.  145).  A  curious 
spade  used  for  planting  and  digging  Potatos  in  the 
Co.  Cork  as  well  as  Watetford  ;  this  implement  is 
prehistoric  in  make,  its  metal  portion  being  fitted  in 
the  handle  exactly  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Rethe 
bronze  hatchets  were  attached  to  their  handles  (see 


fig.  144).  A  drinking  vessel  of  Beech-wood,  called 
a  "peggin,"  used  in  drinking  buttermilk  with  their 
Potatos  by  the  peasantry.  A  three-legged  iron  pot, 
with  its  pointed  *'  hangers "  used  for  boiling  the 
"praties',"  (see  fig.  143).  This  pot  (as  well  as 
the  '*  peggin ")  is  of  antique  form,  being  exactly 
similar  to  Irish  bronze  pots  found  jn  the  bogs,  said 
to  be  over  2000  years  old.  Some  branches  of 
Yew,  taken  off  Yew  trees  of  great  age  and  size,  which 
grow  over  the  spot  where  Raleigh  and  Spenser  the 
poet  often  met,  by  the  borders  of  "  Awnegduff  "  on 
the  Blackwater,  whilst  Spenser  was  writing  his  • 
faerie  Queen,  A  photograph  of  Raleigh's  house  at 
Youghal,  Co.  Cork.  In  this  view  was  shown  the 
"oriel"  window  whence  many  of  Raleigh's  letters 
are  addressed  ("  From  my  Oriel  in  Yochel  ").  The 
room  to  which  this  window  belongs  is  a  most  inter- 
esting apartment ;  it  is  wainscotted  with  dark  Irish 
Oak,  and  has  a  beautifully  carved  chimney-piece  of 
Elizabethan  design,  as  well  as  tables  and  chairs  of  the 
same  style,  all  belonging  to  Raleigh's  time.  Amongst 
other  articles  herein  are  leathern  drinking  vessels,  or 
"  Black  Jacks,"  said  to  have  been  used  on  the  famous 
occasion  of  Sir  Walter's  smoking  being  seen  by  his 
Irish  servants.  The  house  is  kept  in  excellent  pre- 
servation, and  is  quite  a  museum  of  Elizabethan 
antiquities  and  reminiscences  of  Raleigh.  It  is  now 
the  property  of  Sir  John  Pope  Hennessey,  who  has 
shown  the  greatest  taste  and  care  in  all  that  regards 
this  ancient  abode. 

Besides  these  souvenirs,  Mr.  Buckley  also  showed 
some  of  the  staple  food  of  the  peasantry,  consisting  of 
Potatos,  herrings,  salt,  and  buttermilk,  a  simple  diet, 
which,  unfortunately,  was  not  always  to  be  procured. 


CORIS  MOiNSPELIENSIS. 
The  older  authors  or  writers  recorded  this  shrub- 
like, bushy  herb  as  a  greenhouse  biennial.  Certainly 
the  habit  and  general  appearance  of  the  plant  would 
never  suggest  such  an  idea.  The  derivation  of  the 
generic  name,  adopted  from  Dioscorides,  is  also  a 
stumbling-block,  and  having  no  apparent  application 
here.  The  figure  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  213 1, 
has  been  taken  from  a  pot-grown  plant,  where  the 
branches  were  hanging  over  the  sides  of  the  pot, 
giving  a  false  impression  of  the  plant  being  procum- 
bent in  habit.  Subsequent  writers  have  employed 
the  same  figure  to  illustrate  their  descriptton,  thus 
propagating  the  error,  and,  as  it  were,  arguing  in  a 
circle.  When  planted  as  it  should  be,  in  a  dry,  shel- 
tered place,  with  full  exposure,  it  forms  a  densely 
branching,  upright  little  bush,  fittingly  clothed  with 
small,  linear  leaves,  revolute  at  the  margin,  and 
closely  resembling  a  Heath,  especially  when  seen  in 
flower  a  short  way  oS,  Its  habitat  in  Southern 
Europe — in  barren  sandy  soils  in  maritime  localities — 
should  be  a  good  indication  of  the  treatment  most 
suitable  to  it  in  our  moist  island  climate,  especially  in 
winter.  The  bright  lilac  flowers  are  irregular,  and 
produced  in  dense  elongated  heads  all  through  the 
summer,  even  into  November,  when  the  weather  is 
open,  as  it  has  been  this  autumn.  Dry  crevices 
should  be  selected  for  it  on  the  rockery,  with  a  little 
shelter  if  possible.  It  presents  a  striking  contrast  to 
Hottonia  palustris,  another  member  of  the  Primula 
family,  and  forcibly  illustrates  the  effect  of  long- 
continued  environment.  Propagation  is  effected  by 
seeds  sown  as  soon  as  ripe. 

Geiim  montanum. 
Like  G,  coccineum,  this  species  is  a  constant 
bloomer  while  summer  and  autumn  offer  favourable 
conditions.  The  neat  pinnated  leaves  and  short 
flower-stems,  together  with  the  large  yellow  flowers, 
give  it  at  all  times  a  refined  appearance,  and  it  in  no 
way  belies  its  specific  name  as  an  alpine  subject. 
There  is  an  uncoloured  figure  of  the  species  in  Jac- 
quin's  Flora  Austriaca,  iv.,  373,  which  although  other- 
wise faultless,  gives  but  a  faint  impression  of  its  real 
value  for  rockwork  purposes.  The  largest  leaves  are 
those  that  spring  from  the  base  of  the  plant  and 
carpet  the  ground,  with  a  large  terrninal  suboricular 
leaflet  and  several  smaller  ones,  gradually  getting  less 
towards  the  base.  The  stem  leaves  are  decidedly 
smaller  and  trifid  or  undivided,  resembling  bracts 
where  they  support  the  terminal  solitary  flower. 
This  species  is  synonymous  with  Sieversia  montana. 
The  latter  genus  is  now  merged  in  Geum,  and  differed 
originally  in  generally  possessing  an  unjointed  awn  to 


£>ECEMBER   It,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


749 


the  fruit.  G.  pyrenaicum,  i(  not  identical  with  the 
above,  would  seem  to  be  a  closely  allied  species  with 
interruptedly  pinnate  radical  leaves  and  a  short  stem 
terminated  by  one  to  four  nodding  yellow  flowers. 
It  is  figured  in  Lamarck's  Planches  de  Botanique^  iii. , 
443,  and  comes  from  the  Pyrenees.  Both  are  readily 
propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  rootsock  which  do  not 
increase  very  rapidly,  at  least  in  the  case  of  G.  mon- 
tanum.  Any  good  garden  soil  will  grow  them  to  per- 
fection, but  they  give  most  satisfaction  if  planted  in 
a  moderately  rich  soil,  on  a  well  exposed  part  of  the 
rockery. 

How  TO  Sow  Seeds  op  Alpine  Plants. 

The  society  which  was  instrumental  in  founding 
our  garden  has  in  view  the  protection  of  the  alpine 
flora  against  the  acts  of  vandalism  to  which  it  is 
exposed,  and  to  make  the  amateur  public  understand 
that  the  best  way  of  introducing  alpine  flowers  into 
their  gardens  is  by  means  of  seeds.  For  this  purpose 
we  raise  plants  in  our  garden  from  seed,  and  offer 
them  to  the  public  at  a  price  which  will  cause  them  to 
give  up  their  destructive  habit  and  cause  them  to  prefer 
the  plants  raited  by  us  to  those  transplanted  from 
their  native  spots,  and  of  which  the  greater  part 
either  do  not  recover  or  grow  badly. 

Our  seeds  are  collected  for  this  year ;  they  may  be 
sown  at  once  or  kept  back  till  spring.  By  sowing 
them  towards  the  end  of  November  time  is  gained,  as 
they  stratify  during  winter  and  germinate  at  the  first 
signs  of  spring.  In  this  case  they  should  be  sown  in 
pots  on  soil  on  a  very  mild  hotbed  and  but  slightly 
watered,  If  it  is  desired  to  wait  till  spring  the  seed 
should  be  sown  as  early  as  possible  in  March  or 
April,  in  the  open  ground,  and  .in  a  light,  porous, 
and  permeable  soil.  What  is  to  be  particularly 
avoided  is  a  heavy,  wet  soil ;  but  on  the  other  hand 
it  must  not  be  so  light  or  sandy  as  to  dry  up  too 
easily.  If  by  adding  sphagnum  (sifted)  it  can  be 
made  spongy,  it  would  be  better  for  delicate  species. 
The  presence  of  this  sphagnum  in  the  soil  maintains 
it  at  a  more  equal  condition  of  moisture. 

The  compost  which  we  employ  is  composed  of 
one-third  peaty  soil,  one-third  leaf-mould,  and  one- 
third  sand  and  sphagnum.  For  species  requiring  dry- 
ness we  replace  the  sand  by  coke-dust.  It  is  an 
advantage  to  drain  the  pots  or  beds  by  placing  at  the 
bottom  a  little  coke,  in  order  to  keep  out  worms  and 
woodlice.  Regular  light  waterings  should  be  given. 
When  the  seeds  have  germinated  the  young  plants 
are  pricked  off  into  pots  or  pans.  H.  Correvan, 
Divedeur  du  yardin  Alpin  d* Acclimatation^  2, 
Chemin  Daucet^  Geneve. 


EFFECTS  OF  TOBACCO  ON 
LAND. 

As  the  above-mentioned  subject,  especially  taken 
in  connection  with  the  experiments  in  Tobacco  cul- 
ture in  this  country,  is  likely  to  attract  public  atten- 
tion, perhaps  you  will  be  kind  enough  to  allow  me  to 
say  a  few  words  as  well  as  Mr.  Boynton. 

Now,  as  an  "Old  Virginian,"  my  experience  is 
just  the  very  contrary  of  Mr.  Boynton's,  Tobacco 
takes  the  prtace  in  Virginia  of  Mangels  in  our  four- 
course  system,  and  I  may  say  that  the  system  adopted 
by  the  best  farmers  in  Virginia  is  exactly  that  of  our 
four-course  rotation.  If  you  were  to  tell  a  Virginian 
farmer  that  Tobacco  "  pizens  the  land,"  he  would  be 
too  polite  to  call  you  a  fool  or  to  laugh  in  your  face, 
but  he  would  "calculate,  stranger,"  that  you  knew 
but  darned  little  of  what  you  were  talking  about. 
Now,  Tobacco  has  been  grown  for  a  hundred  years  or 
more  in  Virginia,  and,  contrary  to  Mr.  Boynton's 
notion  of  its  poisoning  or  exhausting  the  soil,  it  is 
regarded  as  the  best  preparation  for  a  cereal  crop, 
such  as  Wheat  or  Oats.  Corn,  i.e..  Maize,  should 
never  succeed  Tobacco,  and  I  should  judge  Mr. 
Boynton's  neighbour  is  a  novice  at  Tobacco  farming, 
or  he  would  not  have  followed  Tobacco  with  that 
crop,  and  I  am  not  surprised  at  his  not  getting  his 
big  crop  of  corn  on  that  acre,  but  should  have  been 
much  surprised  if  he  had. 

The  rotation  found  to  answer  best  in  Virginia  is  as 
follows  : — 

Maize,  manured  (farmyard  manure). 

Oats. 

Tobacco,  manured  (farmyard  and  artificial). 

Wheat. 

Clover,  top-dressed  mth  gypsum. 

Wheat. 

Tobacco,  manured  (artificial  and  farmyard), 

Oats. 


And   under  this  system    the  lands  in  Virginia   are 
improving. 

Tobacco  is  not  nearly  so  exhausting  as  some  people 
try  to  make  out,  and  I  would  ask  any  one  to  think 
the  matter  over  carefully  in  his  own  mind  and  make 
comparison  for  himself  before  being  led  away  by  the 
foolish  and  unthinking  remarks  of  those  who  know 


little  or  nothing  of  the  subject.  A  fair  average  crop 
of  Tobacco  in  Virginia  is  about  loco  lb.  per  acre 
(this  is  rather  over  than  under  the  average).  I 
believe,  from  experience  in  Norfolk  and  in  Kent,  this 
year,  that  we  can  grow  rather  more  in  this  country 
than  in  Virginia,  and  put  it  at  1200  lb.  per  acre — say, 
rather  more  than  half  a  ton  of  cured  Tobacco.  Now, 
this  would  weigh  in  its  green  state,  say,  at  a  rough 


guess,  5  tons  ;  and  compare  it  with  a  crop  of  Mangels 
of,  say,  39  tons — and  I  know  of  a  crop  of  6o  tons 
in  this  parish  this  year — and  see  which  takes  the  most 
out  of  the  land.  "  Yes,"  you  will  say,  "  but  you  sell 
your  crop  of  Tobacco  all  ofY  the  land,  and  we  consume 
our  Mangels."  Right  you  are,  my  friend,  but  do  you 
not  sell  milk,  beef,  and  mutton,  &c.  ? — and  you 
will  say,    "Yes,   but  we  buy  in  artificial  foods,   as 


oil-cakes,  &c.,  to  makeup  the  deficiency."  Now, 
buying  oil-cakes  and  other  feeding-stuffs  is  only 
another  way  of  buying  artificial  manures  ;  and  so,  as 
far  as  Tobacco  growing  is  concerned  we  are  quits  on 
that  score  ;  and  surely  in  the  present  depressed  state 
of  agriculture  in  this  country  the  introduction  of  some 
crop  that  will  sell  at  a  profit  greater  than  that  now 
made  by  Wheat,  Barley,  beef,  or  mutton,  and  what 
is  more,  will  keep  the  money  we  now  have  to  pay  for 
the  50,000,000  lb.  of  Tobacco  we  annually  purchase 


in  this  country,  will  do  some  good,  or  at  least  deserve 
the  kindly  support  and  encouragement  of  all  inte- 
rested in  the  welfare  of  the  English  farmer  and  agri- 
cultural labourer,  instead  of  having  cold  water  thrown 
upon  it. 

I  think  that  the  thanks  of  the  British  public  are  due 
to  Lord  Harris  and  those  noblemen  and  gentlemen 
who  have  so  kindly  and  generously  supported  him 
by  carrying  out  expensive  experiments  in  the  public 
interest,  and  I  am  very  pleased  indeed  to  find  that  so 
far  Tobacco  culture  is  a  great  success  in  this  country, 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  taking  to  London  the  other  day, 
and  having  cut  up  into  fine  smoking  Tobacco,  the 
first  10  lb.  of  English  grown  Tobacco,  and  I  may  tell 
you  that  the  manufacturers  were  agreeably  surprised 
at  the  size  and  quality  of  the  leaves,  and  the  clean- 
ness and  brightness  of  the  cut  sample,  which  was 
exhibited  at  the  cattle  show  on  the  stand  of  Messrs. 
James  Carter  &  Co.,  the  growers.  Further  on,  if  you 
would  like,  I  will  send  you  a  few  lines  on  the  cost  of 
growing,  &c.  John  C.  il^allis.    [Please  do  so.  Ed.] 


NEW    PLANTS  CERTIFICATED 

BY    THE     ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY 

DURING  THE  LAST  HALF-YEAR  OF  1886. 

Tfii  foUciiiitg  plants  received  First-class  Certificates,  except 
those  marked  B.C.,  towhick  Botanical  Certificates  ofequat 
rank  zvere  awarded. 

Adiantum  Capillus-Venerts  im- 

bricatum         .,         ..  G.  Masters,  Oct.  12. 

„    cuneatum,  Phillips'  var.  Phillips,  Aug.  10. 

Amaryllis  Lady  Mayoress     . .  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Nov.  g. 

Angrscum  aviculare    . .  . .  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Nov.  9. 

,,    caudatum Baron  F.  de  RolhschiId,Oct.i2. 

Aphelandra  chrysops  ..         ..  W.  Bull,  July  13. 

Araucaria  e-xcelsa  Vervsetiana  B.  S.  Williams,  July  i. 
Aspleuium     marinum     plumo- 

sum Backhouse  &  Son,  July  1, 

Aster  Dark  Scarlet       ..         ..  Benary,  Aug.  10. 

Begonia  Imperial  ..         ..  R.  Owen,  Aug.  10. 

„     Mre.  Plunket      ..         ..7/^        it  p  c        r\  ^ 

;;     Paul  de  Vicq        . .  . .  |  C^""^"  ^  S^''^'  ^ct.  12. 

Bignonia  Chamberlayni  ..  C.  R.  S.  Dickens,  Oct.  26. 

Carnation  Terra  Cotta  ..  J.  Douglas,  July  27. 

Cattleya    Eldorado    var.    vir- 

ginalis H.  M.  Pollett,  Oct.  26. 

„     gigas.  Hill's  var.  ..  C.  G.  Hill,  July  27. 

CespeJesa  discolor        ..  ..  W.  Bull,  Sept.  21. 

Chrysanthemum     (decorative) 

Adml.  Sir  T.  Symonds  Cannell  &  Sons,  Nov.  9. 

„     Buttercup  ..         ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  OcU  26. 

,,     Carew  Underwood         ..  G.  Stevens,  Dec.  7. 

.,     Coquette  de  Castille      ..  W.  Holmes,  Nov.  g. 

,,     Eyresford  Gem  ..         ..  Cannell  &  Sons,  Nov.  g. 

,,     Flambeau  Toulousaine.,  R.  Owen,  Oct.  26. 

„     gloriosum Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons.  Nov.  9. 

,,    (decorative)  Jane  ,.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Nov.  g, 

,,     La  France  . .         . .  Cannell  &  Sons,  Nov.  g. 

,,     Leucanthemum  var.  Puy 

de  D3me        ..  ,.  Backhouse  &  Son,  July  i 

I  Cannell  &  Sons,  Oct.  26. 

„     Madame  E,  Dordan     ..-!  P^"^^-'  2^^' n^'    r.  *     <: 

"  J  J.  Lamg  &  Co.,  Oct.  26. 

'  R.  Owen,  Oct.  26. 

„     (earlyl  Mrs.  Burrell       ..  Miles,  Aug  10. 

„     Mr.  William  Holmes    ..  Stevens,  Oct.  12. 

„     Mrs.  N.  Davis    . .  . .  E.  Marzin,  Dec.  7. 

„     Phoebus las.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Nov.  9. 

„     White  Ceres        ..         ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons.  Nov.  g. 

„     W.Stevens  ..         ..  G.  Stevens,  Oct.  26. 

Clerodendron  nutans   ..  ..  W.  G.  Head.  Nov.  9. 

Crataegus  Lalandei       ..  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  21. 

,,     pinnatifida    var.    major, 

shown  as  tartaricus  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct.  26. 

Crinum  Powelli  ..  ..  Sir  T.  Lawrence.  Sept.  ai. 

Croton  aigburthensis    ..         ..  R.  P.  Ker  &  Sons,  July  1. 

„     Ne«  manni  . .  . .  R.  P.  Ker  &  Sons.  July  i. 

Cypripedium  callosum  ..  W.  Bull,  Dec.  7. 

,,     Sanderianum       ..  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  21. 

Cyrtanthus  hybrida  rosea       . .  Sir  T.  Lawrence.  Sept.  21. 

Dahlia  Annie  Harvey  . .         . .  Cannell  &  Sons,  Oct.  1 7. 

„     Black  Knight      ..         ..  Cannell  &  Sons,  Sept.  7. 

,,     Charming  Bride  . .  ..  Cannell  &  Sons,  Sept.  21. 

,,     Cochineid T.  S.  Ware,  Sept.  2t. 

, ,    Colonist Keynes, Williams& Co. ,  Sept.  7 

.,     Don  Juan C.  Turner,  Sept,  21. 

,,    (pompon)  Eccentric       ..  C.  Turner,  Aug.  24. 

,,     Empress  of  India  ..  R.  H.  Munday,  Sept.  21. 

„     Gazelle C.  Turner,  Sept.  21. 

„     Helena Cheil  &  Sons,  Oct.  12. 

,,     lolanthe C.  Turner,  Sept.  21. 

,,     K.  T.  Rawlings  ..  ..  Rawlings  Bros  ,  Oct.  12. 

,,     Lady  E.  Dyke   . .         . .  Cannell  &  Sons,  Sept.  7. 

,,     Lady  M.  Marsham        ..  Cannell  &  Sons,  Sept.  21, 

„     Mrs.  Foster  ..  . .  C.  Turner.  Sept.  21. 

.,     Mrs.  Theobald     ..         ..  Rawlings  Bros.,  Sept.  7. 

,,     Queen  of  the  Belgians  ..  Rawlings  Bros.,  Sept.  21. 

,,     Squire  Gammie  ..         ..  T.  S.  Ware,  Aug.  10. 

„     The  Quair  . .         . .  Paul  &  Son,  Sept.  21. 

„     Valentine  Humphries    ..  G.  Humphries,  Sept.  21. 

,,     (Cactus)  yellow  ..  ..  Constance,  Aug.  24. 

„     Zephyr       ..  ..  ..  C.  Turner,  Oct.  12. 

„     (single)  Mr.  Rose  . .  Cannell  &  Sons,  Aug.  24. 

,,    „     Miss  Limaker  ..  T.  S.  Ware,  Aug.  24. 

„     ,,     Mrs.  Kennett  ..  Cheal  &  Sons,  Sept.  7. 

Davallia  retusa Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  7 

„     solida  major         ..  . .  W.  Bull,  Sept.  zi. 

Dendrobium  Williamsianum  ..  B.  S.  Williams.  July  13. 

Dianthus      chinensis      Black  Vilmorin,    Andrieux    &    Co., 

Prince Aug.  10. 

Fuchsia  triphylla  ..  ..  R.H.S.,  Aug-  10 

Gaillardia  Ormonde      . .  . .  Kelway  &  Son,  July  i. 

Gladiolus  Clarence       ..         ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  10. 

,,     Empress  of  India  . .  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  24. 

,,     Lady  MacFarren  ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  24. 

,,     Lord  Ashbourne  . .  ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  24. 

„     Lord  Salisbury  '..         ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  10. 

„     Prince  Edward  of  Saxe 

Weimar  ..         ..  Kelway  &  Son.  Aug.  24. 

,,     Sir  Cunliffe  Owen  ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  10. 

„    Sir  M.  H.  Beach  ..  Kelway  &  Son,  Aug.  10, 


750 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[DeclMber  II,  1886. 


Gladiolus  hylirld,  hiidy         ..  Voltaire,  Aug.  24. 
Gymno-ramma      scliizophylla  fR.  P.  Kerr  &  Sjns,  July  i. 
gloSosa        . .         ....  I  Jas.  Veitch  Hi  ions,  July  i. 

Hollyhock  Crimson  Gem        . .  Webb  &  Brand,  Aug.  10. 

„     Primrose  Gem      ..  ..  J.  Blundall,  Auj.  10. 

„     Princess  of  Wales  ..  J.  Blundall,  Aug.  10. 

„     Revival W.  Chater,  A.ig.  10. 

„     Shi  leyHbbcrl  ..         ..  J.  Blundall,  Aug    10. 

Hymenophyilum  picturatu-n   .  Backhouse  &  Son,  July  r. 

Impatien,  H.a»rke  i     ..         ..  W.  Bull,  July  13. 

Laslia  anceps  virginalis  ..  H.  Heims,  Utc.  7. 

Lastr  a  monLana  coronaris     ..  W.  &  J.  Birkenhead,  JuW  ■. 

Masdevallia  acliroc  .rdonia     . .  S.  Couttaul J,  Nov.  9— B  C. 

Matricaria  ioodo  a  Brandlflira  T.  S.  Wa  c.  July  27. 

Mi  tonia  spectabilis  bicolor     . .  W.  Bull,  Au  •.  10. 

Narcissus  monophyllus  ..  T.  S.  W.ire,  Dec.  7. 

Nephr  .dium  Sa  gevelli         ..  W.  &  J.  B  rkenhead,  July  t. 
Nephrolepis  rufescens    tripin- 

natifida  Jas.  Vetch  &  Sons,  July  1. 

Odonto^lossum      blepharican- 

thum Tautz,  Oct.  35. 

„    crispum  Hrubyanum    ..  Baron  Hruby,  July  13. 

,,    .,     Mrs.  C  Dorman     ..  C.  D.rman,  July  13 
Oacidium  macra-thum.  South- 
gate  s  va- J.  South  ;ate,  July  13. 

,.    stell..erum  Ernesti        ..  R.  I.  Me.  ure.,  July  27. 

Papiver  nudicaule  minialum   .  T.  S    Ware,  July  13. 
PetarEonium   pelt  turn.   Jiden 

Marchc  W.  Beilby,  July  13. 

Ph.iui  Hu-nbloti  ..         ..  Sir  T.  Law  ence,  July  13. 

Phi  od-n  Iron  grandidum        ..  Jas.  Veixh  St  Sons,  ju  y  t 

Ph  yni.imjucimdum    ..         ..  las.  Veitch&  ^ons -ep  .  7. 

P.cotec  Aluura j.  Douglas,  Aug   10. 

,,     Annie  Douglas    ..         ..  J.  Dougl-s,  Aug.  10. 

„     Duchess    ..        ..         ..  C.  Tu  ne  ,  Aug   10. 

Polypodium    vulgare    t  iccho- 

manoidei        Backhouse  &  Son,  July  i. 

Piintederia  crassipes  var.  deli- 

cata F.  Ross,  Nov.  9. 

Primula  capitata  major  ..  G.  F.  Wilson.  Nov.  9. 

„     R:i,li         G.  F.  Wilson,  Oct.  26 -B.C. 

Pleris  serrulata  var.   Naybr's 

crested Naylor,  July  13. 

„     treniula  foliosa    ..  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Son  ,  July  r. 

Py.cthrum  Lawtemburgh      ..  Kehvay  &  Sons,  July  i. 

i^uododendron    amabile        ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct.  12. 

,,    Aurora Jas  Veitch  &  Sons,  July  1. 

,,    jasminiflorum     carmina- 

tum       Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct  16. 

„    lueum.roseum    ..         ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Oct.  12. 

„     Queen  of  Yellows  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  2t. 

„    Rajah        las.  Veitch  (t  S  ns,  July  27. 

„      k.„e  Perfection..  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  21. 

Rose  Mogul       W.  Paul  &  Son,  July  13. 

Set  tguielia  gracilis        ..  ..  J.a.s  Veitch  &  Sons,  Sept.  21. 

„     tesselata W.  Bull,  Sept.  21. 

Stock  ( I'en-week)  Soowflake . .  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  July  13. 

Todeagrandipinnula   ..  ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  July  27- 

Trichaiiianes  meifolium  ..  Backhouse  &  Son,  July  i. 

Ulmus  Pitteursii  pendula       ..  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Sept.  2i. 

Vanda  Dearei Baron  Schroder,  Sept.  7. 

.,-      .       ,  , J        r    .  •      j\  1  Vilmorin-Andrieux      &       Co., 

Zinnia  elegans  (dwarf  stnpej)  j      ^^^   ^^ 

Zvgopetalum  Icopardinum      ..  Jas.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Nov.  6. 

FRUIT. 

Stra'vbciry  Noble         ..  ..  T.  Laxton,  July  l. 

VEGETABLES. 

Pel  Empress Eckford,  July  27. 

„     fame         E  kford,  July  27. 

„     Heckfield W    Wildsmuh,  July  27 

,,    President  Gjrfield         ..  Jas.  Veuch  &  Sons  July  27. 

,,     ^harpe  s  Victor  ..  toharpe  5£  Co.,  July  27. 

Potato  Bouncer T.  La.\ton,  Sept.  2. 

,,     Fyvie  Flower     ..         ..  Farquhar,  Sept.  2. 

,,     Maggie      ..         ..  ..  J.  Mudoch,  Sept.  2. 

,1     Seedling  A  I        ..         ..  Harris,  Sept.  2. 


Potito  Favourite 
„    King  ol  Russets  . . 
„     Bennett's  Surprise        . .     Bennett,  March  30. 


fraught  with  a  great  deal  of  trouble  and  incon- 
venience, owing  to  the  well  known  habit  of  all  mem- 
bers of  this  genus— scattering;  ibeir  seeds  far  and 
wide  on  the  bursting  or  exploding  of  the  capsule  by 
means  of  its  strongly  elastic  valves.  J.  F. 

Tritomas. 
This  genus  is  just  now  claiming  a  large  amount  o( 
attention  by  cultivators  of  hardy  flowers,  and  not 
without  fully  deserving  it,  the  first  of  them  beginning 
to  flower  about  the  middle  or  end  of  July,  and  others 
hardly  past  their  best  and  November  is  even  now  with 
U5.  One  great  drawback,  however,  is  the  want  of 
lilerature  on  the  subject,  for  although  Mr.  Biker 
some  few  years  ago  published  a  faultless  monograph, 
so  far  as  types  are  concerned,  the  varieties  or  foims 
have  been  cropping  up  in  such  a  way  and  in  such 
numbers,  each  owner  claiming  a  distinct  otigin  for  his 
particular  form,  that  some  kind  of  garden  definition 
o(  them  is  imperative,  else  the  existing  chaos  will 
widen,  and  confusion  will  muUiply.  Mr.  Btker  has 
gone  so  far  as  a  botanist  can  go,  and  it  now  remains 
for  some  cultivator  to  take  them  up,  collect  all  the 
varieties  in  cultivation,  grow  them  in  exactly  the  same 
conditions,  and  make  his  own  deductions,  adding  his 
conclusions  as  a  supplement  to  the  above  mentioned 
monograph.  An  example  of  what  can  be  done  with  a 
popular  genus  may  be  seen  in  Mr.  Maw's  production, 
just  published.  H. 


i^M  Icilbaiicous  lo);dcit. 


IMP.\TIENS  FULVA. 
Exotic  plants  more  seldom  get  naturalised  in  this 
country  than  our  weeds  do  in  other  countries,  where 
the  climate  is  favourable  to  their  well-being  ;  but 
strangers  in  this  country  are  always  of  interest  to  the 
botanist,  and  more  or  less  so  to  the  horticulturist 
when  the  plants  are  of  an  ornamental  character. 
Botanists  are  divided  in  their  opinions  as  to  whether 
the  present  species  or  I.  Noli-metangere  has  the  most 
right  to  be  looked  upon  as  truly  wild  or  naturalised, 
although  many  are  of  opinion  that  the  latter  is  in- 
digenous. I.  fulva  occurs  in  some  plenty  on  the 
banks  of  one  of  the  numerous  branches  of  the  river 
Colne  traversing  the  flat,  moist,  and  partly  wooded 
western  parts  of  Middlesex.  The  flowers  are  large 
and  showy  compared  with  those  of  I.  parviflora, 
a  Siberian  weed  naturalised  in  many  places  near 
London,  and  it  would  well  repay  the  cultivation 
in  shrubberies  and  such  places,  where,  when  once 
established,  it  could  take  care  of  itself.  The  petals 
are  orange-yellow  heavily  spotted  with  a  deeper 
almost  red  colour,  and  the  curious  hooked  spur  of 
the  larger  sepal  gives  the  flower  a  singular  and  un- 
wonted appearance  amongst  the  ordinary  run  of  culti- 
vated or  garden  plants.  Its  introduction  to  the  better 
kept   parts  of  the   flower  garden   proper   would   be 


to  say  that  with  all  Orchids  the  more  light  and  the 
more  air  that  are  given  the  greater  will  be  the  success. 
J.  H.  T.  Peck,  Holly  Home,  Blah,  LeicesUrshire. 

[This  treatment  would  not  suit  some  species,  which 
are  partial  shade  plants  at  home,  the  concentrated 
sunheat  in  an  English  glass  house  being  more  than 
can  be  borne  by  the  plants  without  injuiy.  We  have 
but  to  mention  Saccolabiums,  Phalsnopsis,  Cypripe- 
diums,  Vandas,  &c.  Moreover,  exposure  to  full  sua 
rueans  shortlived  blossoms.  Ed]. 


HARD  AND  FAST  RULES  FOR 
ORCHID    GROWERS. 

I  THINK  one  of  the  greatest  stumbling  blocks  an 
enthusiastic  beginner  in  Orchid  culture  has  to  contend 
with  is,  what  I  may  call  the  technical  and  hard  and 
f.isl  rules  laid  down  for  guidance  by  more  experienced 
men. 

No  doubt  Orchids  do  require  a  special  treatment  as 
regards  season  and  temperature ;  this  can  all  be 
learned  in  due  time,  but  I  think  it  is  a  mistake  to 
follow  too  closely  a  decided  line  of  treatment  laid 
down  by  other  people.  If  Orchids  were  treated 
more  as  other  plants  are,  we  should  have  fewer  losses 
to  mourn,  and  find  our  plants  keep  in  better  health. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  resting  season.  Novices  in  the 
culture  of  these  plants — and  in  fact  others  besides 
novices— are  apt  to  fall  into  the  error  of  drying  up 
their  plants  too  much.  They  read  in  treatises  on  the 
subject,  and  in  the  gardening  papers,  that  say  "  At 
such  a  time  Orchids  should  be  put  to  rest  for  the 
winter  ;  water  should  be  withheld  and  the  tempera- 
lure  reduced."  Following  this  advice  in  its  literal 
sense,  heat  and  moisture  are  too  suddenly  withheld, 
and  many  plants  which  h^ve  not  finished  their 
growths  are  checked  and  retarded,  the  consequence 
being  immature  and  dwarfed  growths,  which  drag  on 
a  sickly  existence,  neither  resting,  growing,  not 
flowering. 

Another  and  hardly  less  disastrous  result  is,  that 
plants  which  have  finished  their  growth  are  dried  up 
too  much,  present  a  wizened  appearance,  and  hardly 
if  ever  recover  their  vigour.  Here  comes  in  the 
benefit  of  a  common-sense  method  of  treatment. 
Decidedly  reduce  the  temperature  and  moisture,  but 
do  not  starve.  I  speak  emphatically  from  experience, 
bought  by  heavy  losses  through  following  a  loo  rigid 
resting  system.  My  practice  at  this  season  of  the 
year  is  to  keep  one  house  separately  for  completing 
the  growth  of  those  plants  which  are  later  than  usual, 
and  in  which  a  genial  heat  and  moisture  are  kept  up. 
As  each  plant  completes  its  growth,  remove  into  a 
cooler  and  drier  house.  This  refers  more  especially 
to  those  requiring  a  warm  treatment,  such  as  Cattleya 
species,  Lselias,  Dendrobes,  &c. 

OJontoglossums  I  think  we  may  treat  far  more 
uniformly.  In  the  winter  a  house  lacing  full  south, 
and  in  which  a  temperature  of  4S°— 55°  '^  kept  up, 
with  a  moist  atmosphere,  and  constant  bottom  venli- 
lation,  is  best.  In  summer  most  successful  results 
are  obtained  by  removing  these  plants  into  a  sunken 
pit.  This  pit  should  be  cemented  inside  and  made 
water-tight,  thus  being  kept  half  full  of  water.  The 
plants  are  placed  on  a  wooden  staging  about  a  foot 
above  the  water,  and  a  shading,  not  too  thick,  kept 
about  a  foot  above  the  glass.  Syringed  morning  and 
night  with  a  very  fine  spray  engine  these  Odontoglos- 
sums  make  marvellous  growths  and  foliage,  and  when 
transferred  in  the  autumn  to  a  house  of  south  aspect 
they  throw  up  sturdy  spikes,  giving  promise  of  a  rich 
harvest  of  flowers.    In  conclusion,  I  would  not  forget 


FRUIT   GROWING. 

Mr.  Charles  Whitehead,  in  one  of  a  series  of 
articles  on  this  subject,  suggests  the  establishment  of 
jam  factories  in  the  chief  centres  of  fruit  production 
by  companies  of  fiuit  growers,  who  would  be  assured 
of  getting  the  full  value  of  their  (ruit  without  exces- 
sive commission  charges  and  railway  rates — for  it  is 
assumed  that  the  factories  would  be  within  carting 
distance  of  the  fruit  farms— as  well  as  the  profit  upon 
its  manufacture  into  jrm.  Mr.  Whitehead  says  : - 
"  Two  or  three  j  im  factories  have  been  started.  One, 
the  notable  one  founded  by  Lnrd  Sudeley,  is  a  typical 
instance  of  sagacious  foresight.  There  is  one  in 
North  Kent,  and  another,  either  in  existence  already, 
or  soon  to  be  formed,  in  Ejst  Kent.  Until  lately  the 
growers  could  not  see  the  good  of  local  jam  factories. 
This  last  extraordinary  season  has  opened  their  eyes. 
Three  years  ago  it  was  proposed  to  raise  a  jam  factory 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Maidstone,  where  there  is  a 
very  large  acreage  o(  land  planted  with  soft  fruit 
bushes  and  Raspberry  canes.  The  scheme  was 
planned  by  three  or  four  large  farmer;,  thorough  men 
of  business,  whose  names  crrry  weight.  A  prospectus 
was  issued,  and  a  circular  sent  to  every  fruit  grower 
in  the  Kentish  Directory,  inviting  assent  to,  or  dissent 
from,  the  proposal.  It  will  hardly  be  believed  that 
n-A  half  a  dozen  answers  were  received,  so  that  the 
ardour  of  the  promoters  was  most  elTectually  damped, 
and  the  scheme  was  abandoned.  It  is  now  felt  that 
it  would  have  been  of  inconceivable  benefit  to  the 
whole  of  this  locality,  whose  fruit  crop  has  been 
amazingly  abundant,  it  there  had  been  a  factory  near 
to  which  fruit  could  have  been  consigned.  With 
commission  and  railway  charges  saved,  the  growers 
would  have  been  delighted  to  get  a  penny  a  pound, 
or  less,  for  their  fruit,  and  those  who  were  share- 
holders would  have  received  a  good  dividend  besides. 
It  is  certain  that  no  Plums  and  Damsons  would  have 
been  allowed  to  spoil  upon  the  trees  had  there  been 
some  such  depot  to  receive  them,  either  to  be  boiled 
up  at  once  for  jim,  or  to  be  simply  pulped  and  kept 
in  this  state  until  a  greater  demand  arose  for  fruit.  It 
is  rather  astonishing  that  some  of  the  enterprising 
growers  did  not  improvise  a  jam  factory,  and  use  the 
copper  in  the  wash-house  to  boil  up  some  of  the  fruit 
that  was  wasting  its  freshness  in  the  desert  air.  The 
Americans  do  these  things  better."  Btrrow's  Wor- 
cester Journal. 


THE     LATE     COLONIAL 

EXHIBITION. 
Tobacco  Cultijre  in  Borneo.— At  the  con- 
ference on  Tobacco  held  at  the  recent  Colonial  Exhi- 
bition, the  samples  grown  in  Borneo  and  exhibited 
by  the  British  North  Borneo  Company  were  com- 
mented upon  as  being  of  exceedingly  good  quality 
and  appearance,  and  the  prospects  o(  Borneo  as  a 
Tobacco  producing  country  were  considered  very 
favourable.  Under  the  head  of  Tobacco  in  a  recent 
report  on  the  trade  of  Rotterdam,  the  following  facts 
occur  ;— The  kinds  principally  imported  are  the 
Sumatra  and  Java,  the  quality  of  the  former  being 
such  as  to  entirely  dwarf  as  regards  value  the  Java 
produce,  the  respective  crops  of  18S4  having 
realised  ;^2,304  000  and  ,,^660,000,  whilst  the  total 
quantity  of  Java  Tobacco  sold  was  only  2787 
packages  less  than  the  Sumatra — the  totals  being 
respectively  122,660  packages  and  125,477  packages. 
In  view  ol  the  circumstances  that  the  soil  and  climate 
of  North  Borneo  appear  to  be  as  admirably  adapted 
to  the  cultivation  of  Tobacco  as  those  of  Sumatra, 
it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  record  a  few 
particulars  with  regard  to  the  planting  operations  in 
the  latter  island,  initialed  in  1864  by  a  Rotterdam 
firm,  for  by  bringing  the  circumstances  under  more 
general  notice  British  enterprise  may  be  stimulated 
to  embark  on  a  similar  venture  in  British  North 
Borneo  with  the  prospect  of  obtaining  as  brilliant  a 


t)ECEMBER    ii,    iSSS.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


751 


reward  as  has  been  reaped  by  the  shareholders  in  the 
several  Sumatra  Tobacco  companies.  In  1863  a 
Dutch  gentleman  and  manager  of  a  Tobacco  planta- 
tion in  Java  proceeded  to  Sumatra  and  obtained  from 
the  Sultan  of  Deli  a  plot  of  land  on  most  favourable 
terms,  for  the  purpose  of  growing  Tobacco,  and 
having  obtained  the  consent  of  his  employers  in 
Holland,  the  manager  started  operations  on  a  limited 
scale  in  the  following  year.  He  at  the  outset  expe- 
rienced serious  difliculties,  in  consequence  of  his 
inadequate  knowledge  of  the  new  country,  and  the 
inexperience  of  the  labourers  in  his  employ,  the 
result  being  that  the  crop  yielded  only  about  fifty 
packages,  which  were  sold  at  Rotterdam  at  the 
equivalent  of  ?i\ii.  per  pound.  In  1865  the  cultiva- 
tion was  extended,  and  1S9  packages  were  produced, 
which  fetched  at  public  auction  an  average  price  of 
Zs,  3^/.  per  pound.  The  crops  of  1866  and  1S67  pro- 
duced respectively  174  and  224  packages,  the  former 
selling  at  \s.  8J(/.,  and  the  latter  at  I.f.  o\d.  pec 
pound  ;  and  after  these  experimental  shipments  for 
account  of  the  Rotterdam  firm,  other  parties  com- 
menced operations,  resulting  in  the  establishment  at 
Amsterdam  in  1S69  of  the  Deli  Tobacco  Company. 
From  that  period  dates  the  largely  extended  cultiva- 
tion of  the  leaf,  and  the  concurrent  development  and 
prosperity  of  Deli. 


THE   PLANTING  SEASON. 

With  the  unusually  fine  open  weather  of  the  past 
two  months  exceptional  opportunities  have  been 
offered  for  the  formation  of  new,  or  filling  up  of  old 
plantations  ;  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  previous  and 
timely  advice  given  in  these  columns  has  been  attended 
to,  and  that  the  bulk  of  the  present  season's  planting 
is  now  all  but  completed. 

The  great  advantages  o(  early  or  autumn  planting 
are  now  so  wall  known  and  appreciated  by  praclical 
arboriculturists,  that  it  is  quite  unnecessary  for  me  to 
occupy  space  in  detailing  them. 

So  few  and  peculiar  are  the  cases,  and  these  I 
entered  fullyintoin  a  previous  communication,  in  which 
it  is  really  necessary  to  defer  tree  planting  until  spring, 
when  March  weather  tells  so  detrimentally  on  young 
forest  stuff,  that  there  can  be  no  excuse  offered  by 
those  who  still  allow  the  season  to  come  upon  them 
before  they  are  prepared  for  it. 

To  unseasonable  planting  combined,  sometimes, 
with  badly  performed  work,  may  be  attributed  many 
of  the  failures  in  newly  formed  plantations,  as  well  aj 
disinclination  on  the  part  of  proprietors  generally  to 
enter  largely,  if  at  all,  into  the  reclaiming  of  the 
waste  lands  of  our  country  by  the  formation  of 
carefully  laid  out  woods  and  plantations.  A.  D. 
Webster. 

Trees  as  Fodder  for  Stock. 

At  the  risk  of  being  accused  of  temerity  I  will,  with 
your  permission,  once  more  advert  to  this  interesting 
subject.  I  happened  a  short  time  ago  to  be  spending 
a  few  days  with  an  extensive  stock  farmer  on  the 
Cheviots,  and  one  evening,  when  two  farmers  from 
the  "other  side"  of  the  Border  were  present,  the 
conversation  turned  upon  the  privations  hill  stock  had 
to  undergo  last  spring,  not  only  on  account  of  the 
difficulty  experienced  in  obtaining  hay,  but  in  getting 
the  provender  conveyed  to  them.  It  seemed  from 
what  I  heard  that  Fir  branches  in  many  cases  were 
cut  and  given  to  the  sheep  in  order  to  preserve  them 
from  absolute  starvation.  Mr.  Walter  Clark,  Blacka- 
burn.  North  Tyne,  found  both  Scotch  and  Spruce  Fir 
branches  of  great  service  when  given  along  with  hay. 
It  was  also  slated  that  at  Carolside,  Leader  Water, 
Scotch  Fir  branches  were  extensively  used  when  the 
hay  supply  seemed  likely  to  run  short.  At  Hatbottle 
Crags,  Coquetdale,  Mr.  Elliot's  sheep  would  have 
been  decimated  but  for  a  timely  supply  of  Scotch  Fir 
branches  from  the  Clennell  woods,  close  at  hand.  It 
was  affirmed  that  Spruce  Fir  branches  caused  giddi- 
ness, if  not  downright  intoxication,  in  the  case  of  some 
of  the  sheep.  Perhaps  their  weak  condition  was  to 
blame  for  this.  None  of  them  died.  7.  Thomson. 
Maxlon,  November  17,  in  "Live  StOik  Journal," 
Deiember  3. 

Tender  for  Trees  and  Shrubs.  —  The  Parks 
Committee  of  the  Newcastle  Corporation  have 
accepted  the  tender  of  Mr.  W.  J.  Watson,  Fenham 
Nurseries,  Newcastle,  for  the  supply  of  10,000  trees 
and  shrubs  for  the  Nun's  Moor  Recreation  Ground  in 
that  city. 


WALKS. 
Continue  to  sweep  and  roll  lawns,  &c.,  to  main- 
tain a  tidy  appearance.  When  there  is  so  little  else 
to  be  seen  at  this  dull  season  walks  may  be  made  to 
look  fresher  by  having  the  gravel  turned,  raked, 
levelled,  and  trodden  firm,  .igain  raked,  and  then 
well  rolled  until  it  becomes  perfectly  hard  and  smooth. 
In  making  or  remodelling  walks  the  first  essential  is 
that  surface-water  must  be  got  rid  of  as  fast  as  it  falls, 
and  never  allowed  to  accumulate  in  such  volume  as 
to  make  channels  in  the  walks.  The  crown  of  the 
walk  should  therefore  be  some  inches  higher  th,in 
the  sides,  and  on  steep  declivities  water  grids  should 
be  placed  every  10  or  12  feet.  These  need  not  be 
large— 6  inches  square  is  ample  for  a  walk  6  to  8  feet 
wide.  When  the  walk  is  from  10  to  12  feet  wide  a 
grid  8  inches  square  should  be  provided.  The  worst 
kinds  of  grids  are  those  with  wide  openings,  which 
allow  the  leaves  to  enter  the  drains,  rendering  them 
soon  inoperative.  Where  heavy  carting  is  done  on 
broad  walks  they  very  soon  get  rutted  by  the  wheels 
constantly  running  in  the  same  place  unless  a  good 
sound  bottom  be  used.  Very  little  gravel  should  be 
employed  on  such  walks — they  should  be  mainly  con- 
structed of  flints  or  granite,  with  a  blending  of  gravel. 
This  will  withstand  any  amount  of  wear. 

Beddingout  Plants. 

Examine  the  stock  of  bedding  plants.  Pick  all 
flowers  and  dead  leaves  off  Pelargoniums.  If  in  boxes 
they  [may  want  watering,  but  they  are  better  on  the 
dry  side.  See  that  mildew  does  not  obtain  a  footing 
on  Verbenas  ;  if  there  be  any  indication  of  it,  dust 
with  flowers  of  sulphur  instantly.  With  changeable 
weather  greenfly  is  almost  certain  to  manifest  itself, 
and  a  watchful  eye  must  be  kept  on  all  subjects 
which  are  liable  to  become  infested.  It  is  better  to 
fumigate  slightly  for  two  or  three  nights  in  succession 
than  to  administer  a  strong  dose.  See  that  varieties 
of  Iresines  do  not  receive  too  much  water  at  this 
dull  season. 

Keep  Ttopjeolums,  Mesembryanthemums,  and  suc- 
culents generally,  cool  and  rather  dry.  Alternan- 
theras  ace  better  if  kept  on  the  move,  but  they  should 
not  be  over-watered.  See  that  mice  do  not  get  into 
cold  pits  among  cuttings  of  hardy  subjects.  They 
often  cut  over  cuttings  wholesale,  and  carry  them  off 
to  their  nests  to  make  theic  nests. 

Remove  all  dead  leaves  from  any  cuttings  striking 
in  cold  frames,  and  endeavour  to  maintain  a  heallhy 
atmosphere.  Clear  away  all  dead  foliage  from  Lily 
of  the  Valley  beds,  and  give  them  a  top-dressing  of 
rich  soil.    W.  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 


'Pp^UITg    -yNDEF^     *(^LA33. 


STRAWBERRY  FORCING. 
Where  ripe  Strawberries  are  required  at  the  end 
of  February,  no  time  should  be  lost  in  getting  ready  a 
batch  of  plants — Vicomtesse  Hericart  de  Thury,  or 
some  other  equally  good  kind.  These  in  the  first  place 
should  have  the  drainage  seen  to,  and  the  surface-soil 
should  be  scratched  over  with  a  pointed  stick| 
the  soil  loosened,  removed,  and  the  ball  of  earth  and 
roots  pressed  down  with  the  hands  prior  to  top- 
dressing  with  a  sifted  compost  of  loam  and  horse- 
droppings  in  equal  parts.  This  should  be  made 
moderately  firm  by  the  aid  of  a  potting-stick,  and  a 
space  of  three-quarters  of  an  Inch  below  the  rim  of 
each  pot  should  be  left  to  hold  water.  If  a  pit  is  at 
command  it  can  be  filled  with  Oak  or  Chestnut 
leaves  to  within  9  inches  of  the  top,  it  will  be  a  very 
suitable  place  in  which  to  bring  on  the  plants.  These 
should  be  plunged  therein  to  the  rims  of  the  pots, 
afterwards  allowing  the  soil  to  get  moderately  dry 
before  giving  tepid  water  at  the  roots.  The  gentle 
bottom-heat  and  moisture  supplied  by  the  fermenting 
leaves  will,  providing  the  plants  have  been  well 
grown,  and  the  pits  kept  closed  by  day,  and  a  suffi* 
cient  covering  of  Fern  or  other  protecting  material  be 
put  on  at  night  to  keep  out  frost,  lead  to  the  produc- 
tion of  flower-spikes  by  the  first  week  in  January 
next.  The  pots  should  then  be  washed,  and  the 
plants  removed  to  the  top  shelves  of  a  forcing-house, 
and  if  they  are  near  the  ventilators  so  much  better  will 
be  the  setting  and  flavour  of  the  fruit.  A  dry  buoyant 
atmosphere  at  a  temperature  of  50'  at  night  and  10* 
or  15°  higher  by  sunheat  should  be  maintained  in  the 
flowering  stage  ;  and  to  assist  the  setting  of  fruit  the 
pollen  on  the  blossoms  should  be  distributed  by  a 
camel's-hair  pencil  being  passed  over  them  every  day 
when  the  flowers  are  dry.  After  thi?  the  night  tem- 
perature should  range  from  55'  to  60°  according  to 
circumstances,  and  lo"*  higher  by  day  wiih  fire-heat, 
running  it  up  to  85"  with  sun-heat  at  closing  time, 
when  the  plants  should  be  damped  overhead  wiih 
tepid  water,  in  addition  to  damping  the  house  gene- 
rally so  as  to  promote  a  growing  atmosphere.  When 
the  plants'require  water  at  the  roots,  give  sufficient  to 
moisten  the  whole  ball,  and  from  the  time  they  have 
set  their  fruit  until  it  begins  to  colour  weak  liquid 
minure  at  a  temperature  of  75°  should  be  given  when 
watering  is  necessary.  Where  pits  are  not  at  command 
the  plants  should  be  put  on  shelves  fixed  in  an  early 
vinery  or  Peach-house  as  soon  as  they  are  got  ready  ; 
syringing  the  plants  overhead  when  damping  the 
Vines  until  they  come  into  flower,  when  it  should  be 
discontinued  for  the  time  being,  and  the  plants  treated 
as  already  advised.  //.  IV,  Ward^  Longford  CastU, 


P^AJ^Tg  AND  THEIR  ;pULTUF(E. 


BERRIED   PLANTS. 

There  are  no  plants  more  cheerful  looking  in  effect 
than  these,  and  useful  also  in  all  sorts  of  decorations. 
Rivina  humilis  is  attractive,  and  if  some  means  could 
be  adopted  to  preserve  its  brilliant  berries  from 
falling  off,  its  value  to  the  gardener  would  be  much 
greater.  The  best  way  to  retain  them  I  have  found 
to  be,  is  to  keep  them  close  up  to  the  glass,  at  the 
same  time  giving  liquid  manure  freely,  and  on  no 
account  to  allow  the  soil  to  become  dry.  Ardisia 
ccenulata  is  anolhec  useful  plant,  possessing  neat 
leathery  shining  foliage,  and  it  treated  properly  it 
sets  an  abundance  of  red  berries.  When  grown  as 
small  standards  from  i  to  2  feet  high  ;  it  is  a  very 
telling  plant,  stood  among  table  decorations.  A. 
crenulala  alba,  white-berried,  is  a  fitting  companion 
to  the  first-named.  Solanums  make  charming  objects  ; 
Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales,  and  Williams'  Little 
Gem  answer  admirably  for  dwarf  decorations  ;  the 
latter  variety  grown  to  about  3  inches  high  and 
placed  into  small  jars  and  set  amongst  flowers  on  the 
table,  is  much  admired  ;  the  sort  is  free  in  fruiting. 
S.  capsicastrum,  of  which  Weatherall's  hybrid  is  still 
one  of  the  best.  Skimmia  japonica  and  Aucubas  of 
several  kinds,  when  fruited  well  (which  there  is  no  diffi- 
culty in  doing),  afford  much  variety  in  effect,  the 
bright  berries  standing  prominently  from  out  of  the 
fine  foliage.  Aucubas  stand  well  the  dry  air  of  living- 
rooms,  and  are  not  injured  by  being  stood  in  badly 
lighted  recesses.  A,  Evans,  Ljithe  Hill,  Haslemere, 


FORCING. 

Seakale  and  Rhubarb. — For  those  who  have  not 
the  necessary  accommodation  for  lifting  and  forcing 
indoors,  forcing  on  the  ground  by  means  of  fermenting 
material  only,  must  be  resorted  to.  The  space  between 
the  plants  having  been  forked  over  and  cleaned, 
suitable  pots  or  boxes  should  be  placed  over  the 
crowns.  For  Seakale  all  air  and  light  should  be 
effectually  excluded,  but  foe  Rhubarb  this  is  not 
essential  ;  indeed,  a  little  provision  foe  the  escape  of 
rank  steam  and  vapour  is  not  only  better  for  the 
development  of  the  young  growths,  but  the  quality 
also  is  much  improved.  The  fermenting  material, 
consisting  of  leaves  and  stable  litter,  having  been 
prepared  beforehand,  should  be  placed  around  the 
required  number  of  pots  or  boxes  in  sufficient  quantity 
to  produce  a  steady  heat  of  from  80°  to  90"  ;  this  as 
the  heat  declines  should  be  renewed  from  time  to 
time,  by  being  turned  over  and  added  to.  In  either 
case,  before  covering  the  crowns,  a  sprinkling  of  fresh 
slacked  lime  should  be  given,  and  afterwards  a  few 
sweet  leaves  placed  within  to  encourage  and  promote 
growth. 

Asparagus. — Frames  or  pits  that  have  been  pre- 
pared for  these,  as  advised  in  a  previous  Calendar, 
will  now  be  ready  to  receive  them,  a  few  inches  of 
light  soil  having  been  placed  over  the  surface  of  the 
fermenting  material ;  the  plants  should  be  carefully 
lifted  with  as  many  of  the  coots,  and  as  much  of  the 
soil  attached  as  practicable,  placing  them  as  close 
together  as  possible,  filling  in  and  coveting  the 
crowns  with  fine  soil  to  the  depth  of  from  3  to  4  inches. 
A  gentle  watering  should  then  be  given,  sufficient  to 
settle  the  whole  mass,  and  the  frame  kept  closed 
until  the  "  grass  "  shows,  when  liberal  soakinRS  of 
tepid  water  must  be  administered,  and  air  given 
when  necessary.  John  Austen,  Willey  Court  Gardens, 


752 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 


[bECEMBfeR   It,    1886. 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Weel<. 


MONDAY, 
Dec,  13. 


THURSDAY, 
Dec.  16. 

FRIDAY, 
Dec.  17. 

SATURDAY, 
Dec.  18. 


SALES. 

Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,    at  Stevens' 

Rooms. 
Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and  2000  Lilium 

auralum,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

Rooms. 
'  Sale  of  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses, 

Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Dutch  Bulbs, 

&c.,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  3000  Lilium  auratura,  Plants, 

Bulbs,   Roses,  &c.,  at  Protheroe 

&  Morris'  Rooms. 
'  Sale  of  a  Collection  of  Orchids  in 

Flower  and  10,000  LiUum  avu-a- 

tum     from   Japan,    at    Stevens' 

Rooms. 
Sale  of  Imported  Orch  ids,   at  Pro- 
theroe &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Standard  and  Dwarf  Roses, 

Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Dutch  Bulbs, 

&c. ,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


justifying  its  existence,  giving  something  of 
permanent  value  to  its  Fellows,  something  of 
which  it  need  not  be  ashamed,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, concerning  which  it  may  well  feel  some 
complacency.  A  conference  on  similar  lines — 
devoted  to  Vines  and  Vine-culture,  to  Fern- 
culture,  to  Potato-growing  (if  that  is  not  for 
the  moment  overdone),  or  to  Tree-planting 
whether  for  timber  or  ornament  —  would  be 
acceptable.    On  any  one  of  these  subjects  much 


One  excellent  feature  introduced 
„    7*"°  into  the  proceedings  of  the  Royal 

Conferences.  .      J^       ,  o      ■    .        ri    . 

Horticultural  Society  of  late  years 
has  been   the   institution    of   Conferences    on 
various  horticultural   matters.     An   amount  of 
vitality  and  energy  has  been  infused  into  these 
meetings  which  has  in  many  ways  been  pro- 
ductive of  excellent  results.   Something  has  been 
attempted  and  something  has  been  done — and 
not  unworthily  done  either.      The  interests  of 
Orchid  growers,  Narcisso-maniacs  (we  intend 
nothing  disrespectful).  Auricula  lovers.   Prim- 
rose growers,  and  pomologists,  have   all  been 
studied  ;  but  much  more  requires  to  be  done  in 
the  same  direction,  and  we  trust  we  may  see 
the  Society  taking  up  such  work  as  that  which 
it  has  allowed  special  societies  to  undertake  to 
its  detriment.     We  hear  now  and  then  of  a  pro- 
position to  found  an  Orchid  Society  or  a  Potato 
Society,    but    we  look  upon  all  such  schemes 
with   regret.     It  would  be   preferable   that   all 
special   societies  of  this    kind   should   be    in- 
corporated with  the  parent  society.     That  body 
should  exercise  imperial,  though  not  despotic 
sway,  and  allow  each  special  society  as  large  a 
measure  of  Home  Rule  as  might  be  consistent 
with  the  maintenance  of  the  central  authority. 
The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  under  this  idea, 
would  be   like   the  central  government  of  the 
United   States  of  Amercia,  while  the  several 
committees    and    the   special   societies   would 
resemble  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  each 
with    its    independent    local    legislature,    but 
subordinate  to  the  central  body  for  all  "  im- 
perial" purposes.      The  present  state   of  sub- 
division weakens  the  main   body  without  any 
corresponding  advantage  that  we  can  see,  and 
that  just  at  a  time  when  union  is  most  desirable. 
We  do  not,  at  this  moment,  intend  to  discuss 
this  subject  in  detail,  but  we  may  cite  one  illus- 
tration of  the  way  in  which  the  central  body 
may  gratify  lits  Fellows  and   establish  a  firm 
bond    between    itself   and    the   committees    of 
special  societies,  and  that  illustration  is  afforded 
by  the  publications  of  the  Society.     We  doubt 
whether    any    literary   document    more    gene- 
rally acceptable  to  the  horticultural  public  has 
been  issued  of  late  years  than  the  publication 
drawn  up  by  Mr.  Barron,  of  "  British  Apples," 
and  which  was  the  direct  outcome  of  the  Apple 
Congress.      The    Orchid    Conference    Report, 
too,  is  most  valuable.      Where   can  anything 
of  its  kind,  for  instance,  be   found  to  equal  in 
importance  Mr.  Veitch's  paper  on  "  Hybrid 
Orchids "  ?    The  last  publication  of  the  kind, 
and    one   just   issued,   is    the  Report    of    the 
Primula  Conference,  held  last  April,  and  that 
of  the  second  Orchid  Conference,  held  at  Liver- 
pool in  July.    The  Primrose  Report,  we  venture 
to  say,  contains  an  amount  of  varied  information 
on  subjects  relating  to  Primroses  never  before 
got  together,  and  likely  to  be  of  great  service  to 
florists  and  Primrose  lovers  of  all  kinds   and 
degrees.     In  this   direction,  then,  the   Society 
has  been,  and  is  doing,  thoroughly  good  work, 


information  might  be  pleasantly  got  together 
and  interesting  exhibitions  made.  We  should 
have  added  the  various  groups  of  florists' 
flowers  —  Dahlias,  Chrysanthemums,  Roses  — 
but  these  are  now  taken  up  by  special  Societies, 
and  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  could  now 
only  take  up  these  questions  by  arrangement 
with  the  minor  bodies,  as  indeed  was  done  with 


to  seek  the  same  accommodation  elsewhere. 
The  first  proposal  may  at  once  be  dismissed  ; 
the  Society  is  far  too  useful  to  be  dissolved.  In 
some  shape  or  other  it  must  be  maintained,  if 
only  by  and  for  the  horticulturists.  The  second 
and  third  proposals  urgently  demand  instant 
and  most  careful  consideration.  We  shall  not 
attempt  on  the  present  occasion  to  discuss  the 
matter  further  than  to  say,  that  if  the  Society 
remains  at  South  Kensington,  the  business 
office  at  least  must  not  be  in  the  cellars  of  the 
Albert  Hall. 

The  National  Chrysanthemum  Society  and 
the  Potato  Tercentenary  have  shovra  that  South 
Kensington  is  not  the  only  available  site  ;  and 
that  if  a  proper  place  can  be  found  for  offices, 
meeting  rooms,  library  and  reading-room,  as  we 
doubt  not  can  be  done,  the  question  of  a  larger 
hall  for  occasional  great  exhibitions  could  easily 
be  solved. 


excellent   result  in  the   case   of  the   Auricula 
Society. 

The  larger  and  more  urgent  question — What 
is  to  become  of  the  Society  ?— we  are  quite 
aware  has  to  be  settled.  We  hope  some 
measures  may  have  been  taken  by  the  Council 
during  the  vacation,  but  if  so,  nothing  has 
reached  the  public  ear.  There  are  the  Glad- 
stonian  three  courses — to  dissolve  the  Society  ; 
to  come  to  some  arrangement  with  the  Com- 
missioners or  the  managers  of  the  Albert 
Hall  to  secure  proper  offices,  committee-rooms, 
a  meeting  room,  and  room  for  the  library  ;  or 


Decorative    Groups. — In  our  next  issue 

we  shall  give  a  supplementary  illustration  showing  a 
group  of  plants  arranged  for  effect  by  Messrs.  R. 
Veitch,  of  the  Exeter  Nurseries. 

The  Botanical  Department,  Jamaica. 

— We  understand  that  Mr.  Fawcett,  assistant  in  the 
Botanical  Department,  British  Museum,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  post  in  Jamaica  lately  held  by  Mr. 
D.  Morris,  now  the  Assistant  Director,  Royal 
Gardens,  Kew. 

The  Vintage. — Later  reports  confirm  our 

previous  aanouDcements  as  to  the  excellent  quality  of 
the  vintage  in  most  of  the  wine  growing  districts  of 
France,  especially  in  Burgundy. 

"Familiar  Garden  Flowers."  —  In  the 

last  number  Mr.  Shirley  Hibberd  discourses  of  the 
Chrysanthemum  and  the  Cactus  ;  while  in  Familiar 
Trees  Mr.  BouLGER  treats  of  the  Holly.  In  both 
cases  the  letterpress  is  interesting. 

Hooker's    "Icones    Plantarum." — Two 

parts  of  this  have  lately  been  issued,  the  one 
containing  the  drawings  and  descriptions  of  various 
(lowering  plants  from  Tropical  Africa,  Central  China, 
Australia,  and  elsewhere  Dr.  King  describes  a  new 
species,  or  perhaps  variety,  of  the  Mahogany,  differing 
from  the  ordinary  form  in  habit,  size  of  leaf,  period 
of  flowering,  and  in  the  fact  that  at  Calcutta  this 
variety  produces  seed  freely,  while  the  common  form 
rarely  forms  seed  at  all.  Another  part  is  entirely 
tilled  with  illustrations  and  descriptions  of  new  or 
rare  Ferns,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Baker. 

"  The  Rosarian's  Year  Book  for  1887  " 

— (tenth  year  of  issue) — edited  by  the  Rev.  H.  H. 
D'Ombrain,  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  National  Rose 
Society,  will  be  published  on  January  i,  18S7.  Its 
contents  are  announced  as  follows  : — I.  Mr.  George 
Prince  (with  photograph),  by  the  Editor.  2.  A  Sympo- 
sium on  Orange  Fungus  (illustrated),  by  Worthington 
G.  Smith,  F.L.S. ;  D.  T.  Fish;  Rev.  J.  A.  Williams; 
W.  J.  Grant ;  J.  T.  Burrell.  3.  Champion  Roses,  by 
Ben  R.  Cant.  4.  Twelve  Years'  Experience  of  Rose 
Growing  in  Scotland,  by  Alexander  Hill  Gray.  5,  The 
Rose  and  National  Rose  Society  in  1886,  by  the 
Editor.  6.  Species  of  Roses,  by  T.  W.  Girdlestone. 
7.  The  Rose  Weather  of  18S6,  by  E.  Mawley,  F.M.S., 
Honorary  Secretary  of  the  National  Rose  Society. 

An  Album  of  Chrysanthemums. — At  a 

meeting  of  the  Floral  Committee  of  the  National 
Chrysanthemum  Society,  held  on  Wednesday, 
December  8,  it  was  announced  that  an  Album  of  the 
queen  of  autumn  flowers  has  been  prepared  for  pub- 
lication by  Mr.  Herman  Payne,  and  which  we  shall 
notice  more  fully  in  our  next  issue. 

Mr.  Maw's    Monograph    of    Crocus. — 

This  is  about  the  best  illustration  we  could  point  to 
of  a  conscientiously  executed,  beautifully  illustrated, 
and  thoroughly  well  got-up  Monograph,  We  shall 
have  occasion  to  speak  of  it  more  at  length  on  another 
occasion  ;  but  we  cannot  help  at  once  alluding  to  it 
as  an  example  of  what  such  a  book  should  be. 
Nothing  seems  to  have  been  omitted  that  came  at 
all  within  the  scope  of  the  volume — nothing  has  been 
taken  for  granted  that  it  was  possible  for  the  author 
to   verify  by  personal    research — nothing  has  been 


December  ii,  1886,] 


THE     GARbRMERS'     CHRONICLE. 


^53 


Fig.    148.— ABIES  LOWIANA,   OR  PICEA  LASIOCARPA  OF  GARDENS  :    CONES  CMESTNUT-BROWN.      (sEE  P.   755-) 


754 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  ig86. 


cited  at  second-hand  without  acknowledgment,  and 
citation  of  chapter  and  verse. 

Report  on  the  Diseases  ok  Apples  and 

Pears.— Mr.  Frazer  S.  Crawford  has  published, 
under  the  direction  of  the  South  Australian  Govern, 
ment,  a  report  on  the  fungi  and  insects  affecting 
Apples  and  Pears,  together  with  the  reports  as  to  the 
best  means  of  combating  these  plague?.  The  report 
is  thoroughly  practical,  containing  the  most  recent 
available  information.  Would  that  our  cultivators 
could  be  brought  to  appreciate  the  loss  they  experi- 
ence from  want  of  knowledge.  It  is  disheartening 
for  students  of  fungi  and  entomologists  to  give,  as 
they  mostly  do,  their  time  and  their  services,  and  to 
see  that  small  heed  is  paid  to  their  recommendations. 

Vegetable  Tumours.— In  a  paper  by  Mr. 

Roger  Williams  on  vegetable  tumours  in  relation 
to  bud  formation  (Lancet,  November  20,  p.  973),  he 
describes  these  outgrowths,  whether  consisting  of 
woody  nodules,  continuous  tumours,  or  excrescences, 
presenting  a  surface  thickly  studded  with  shoots  and 
stunted  branches,  as  essentially  due  to  an  excessive 
formation  of  buds  from  over-nutrition  (hypertrophy). 
He  considered  excess  of  nutriment  to  be  the  chief 
factor  in  the  production  of  these  growths.  Like 
animal  tumours,  they  originate  in  remnants  of  un- 
differentiated embryonic  tissue. 

"Insurance     Year     Book."  —  Mesns. 

SiMPKiN,  Marshall  &  Co.  have  published  a  com- 
plete list  of  the  insurance  offices  of  this  country,  with 
much  information  concerning  annuities  and  insurance 
of  various  kinds. 

The  Skin  of  the  Leaf.— M.   Vesque  is 

continuing  his  researches  on  the  functions  of  the 
epiderra,  or  skin  of  the  leaf,  in  various  plants.  This 
layer  consists  usually  of  flattened  cells,  destitute,  or 
nearly  so,  of  colouring  matter,  but  containing  water, 
and  serving  as  reservoirs  for  that  fluid,  the  evapora- 
tion of  which  is  prevented  in  many  cases  by  the 
thickened  wall  of  the  exposed  surface  of  the  cell  by 
the  exudation  of  waxy  matter,  the  presence  of 
hairs,  &c. 

A   Potato  Society.  —  A  suggestion   was 

thrown  out  at  one  of  the  meetings  of  the  Potato  Con- 
ference that  means  should  be  taken  to  establish  a  Potato 
Society.  We  think  it  is  a  great  pity  that  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society  does  not  render  such  suggestions 
unnecessary,  by  inaugurating,  if  not  a  Potato  Com- 
mittee, at  least  one  or  two  special  Conferences 
annually,  after  the  fashion  of  the  Orchid  Conference. 
Macaulay,  contrasting  the  Church  of  Rome  with 
that  of  England,  stated  that  the  latter  drove  John 
Wesley  from  its  pale,  and  so  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  now  powerful  Wesleyan  body.  Had  such  a  man 
appeared  in  the  Romish  Church  his  ecclesiastical 
superiors  would  have  had  astuteness  enough  to  place 
him  in  some  position  where  his  great  zeal  and  abilities 
would  have  been  turned  to  good  account  for  the  bene- 
6t  of  the  Church.  We  always  lament  the  frittering  of 
energy  and  the  narrowing  of  aim  that  are  inseparable 
from  special  societies,  whether  for  Roses,  Orchids, 
Chrysanthemums,  Auriculas,  or  what  not.  If  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  were  less  supine  than  it  is,  it 
would,  while  giving  all  these  bodies  home  rule,  take 
care  that  they  were  all  in  federal  union  with  itself. 
What  possible  need  would  there  be  for  a  separate 
Potato  Society  if  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
would  rise  to  the  level  of  its  duties  ? 

The  Tree  Tomato.— In  the  Proceedings  of 

the  Agri- Horticultural  Society  of  Madras  Mr.  D. 
Morris  adverts  to  this  fruit,  which  we  occasionally  see 
in  Covent  Garden  under  the  wholly  erroneous  name 
of  GranadiUa.  It  really  is  the  fruit  of  a  Solanaceous 
plant  not  remote  from  the  Tomato  And  Egg-plant, 
and  is  of  an  oval  form  and  bright  orange  colour.  It 
has  never  made  much  way  in  this  country,  but  is 
much  appreciated  in  the  West  Indies.  Mr.  MORRIS, 
with  his  usual  energy,  has  distributed  the  plant 
widely,  and  gives  the  following  directions  for  its 
cooking: — The  fruit  should  be  allowed  to  ripen 
thoroughly  on  the  tree.  For  cooking  purposes  all 
the  seeds  and  the  outer  skin  should  be  removed  ;  the 
pulp  of  the  fruit  should  then  be  cut  into  quarters  and 
stewed,  or  cooked  like  Apricots,  or  made  into  jam  01 
jelly.  If  too  acid  it  may  be  steeped  in  boiling  water 
for  a  few  minutes  before  using.  On  the  Nilgiris  the 
fruit  is  highly  esteemed.    It  is  curious  that  the  plant 


is  so  seldom  mentioned  in  popular  books.  It  was, 
however,  figured  long  ago  in  Andrews'  Botanical 
Register, 

Classification  of  Potatos  — In  addition 

to  the  ordinary  classification  according  to  colour  and 
form,  M.  Henri  db  Vilmorin  has,  as  we  announced 
at  the  time,  propounded  one  according  to  the  colour 
and  general  appearance  of  the  shoots  as  they  emerge 
from  the  tuber  when  in  a  dark  place  and  not  exposed 
to  the  action  of  light.  This  is,  of  course,  an  heredi- 
tary character,  not  influenced  by  external  accidents  so 
long  as  the  tubers  are  kept  in  the  dark,  and  therefore 
a  character  of  great  importance  as  regards  constancy 
and  trustworthiness. 

Linnean  Society  of  London.— The  next 

meeting  of  the  Society  will  be  held  on  Thurday, 
D.-cember  16,  at  S  p.M  ,  when  papers  will  be  read  :  — 
I.  "On  Apospory  and  allied  Phenomena,"  by  Pro- 
fessor F.  O.  Bower.  2.  "Experiments  on  the  Sense  of 
Smell  in  Dogs,"  by  Dr.  G.J.  Romanes.  3.  "On 
a  new  instance  of  Apospory  in  Polytrichum  angulire, " 
by  C.  T.  Druery. 

Potatos  for  Forcing.— One  of  the  prettiest 

exhibits  at  the  late  Potato  Tercentenary  consisted  of 
some  sets  of  the  Maijolin  or  kidney  Potato,  neatly 
packed  in  hay,  like  eggs,  in  a  basket,  and  with  a 
solitary  purple  shoot  at  one  end.  In  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Paris,  says  M.  DE  Vilmorin,  it  is  customary 
to  cause  the  sets  to  sprout  by  placing  them  in  an 
erect  position  on  hurdles  in  a  dry  place  where  frost 
cannot  hurt  them.  At  the  time  of  planting  the 
hurdles  with  the  sprouting  sets  are  carried  to  the 
garden,  and  each  is  carefully  deposited  in  the  hole 
made  for  it.  Potatos  thus  treated  have  an  advantage 
of  ten  to  fifteen  days  over  others  not  so  treated,  hence 
the  advantage  for  frame  culture  aud  early  forcing 
generally.  The  baskets  exhibited  by  Messrs.  Vil- 
morin were  intended  for  transit  by  rail,  a  litt'e 
hay  or  other  protective  substance  being  placed  over 
the  tuber.-. 

The   Potato   Experiments   at  Messrs. 

Sutton  &  Sons.— We  are  requested  by  Eirl  Cath- 
cart  to  insert  the  following  communication  :  — 

"  I  am  sorry  to  observe  in  the  horticultural  Press 
that  in  relation  to  recent  Potato  experiments  some 
reflections  have  been  made  in  regard  to  the  authorities  at 
Kew.  With  Mr.  Baker,  F.R.S.,  of  Kew,  I  have  to- 
day visited  the  Reading  collection.  We  have  been 
vastly  interested,  and,  I  am  allowed  to  say  for  both  of 
us,  instructed.  Messrs.  Sutton  and  myself  are  the 
persons  most  interested,  and  I  beg  to  add  we  are  grateful 
to  the  Kew  authorities  for  unvarying  attention  and  kind- 
ness, and  we  have  nothing  but  appreciation  to  express  in 
regard  to  that  invaluable  national  institution.  Catii- 
cart." 

Messrs.  Sutton,  we  know,  took  great  pains  to 
avoid  any  offensive  imputation  on  Kew,  and  are 
not  responsible  for  what  was  said  by  others.  The 
querulous  tone  of  the  remarks,  and  the  imputations 
made  on  Kew  and  its  management  were  unfair  and  un- 
called for.  Ofall our  publicinstitutions there  isscarcely 
one  so  well  managed  as  Kew,  and  this  is  proved  by 
its  being  almost  the  only  public  institution  in  which 
we  are  not  surpassed  by  other  countries.  We  have 
indeed  reason  to  be  proud  of  Kew,  but  of  course  mis- 
takes may  be  made  there  as  well  as  elsewhere. 

Roses   in   December.— Mr.  McGhee,  the 

gardener  to  A.  D.  Bryce  Douglas,  Seafield  House, 
Ardrossan,  Ayrshire,  sends  us  blooms  cut  from  plants 
in  the  open  border,  fresh  and  fragrant,  with  no  trace 
whatever  of  injury  from  frost.  The  sorts  were  Gloire 
de  Dijon,  Jules  Margottin,  and  a  bud  of  apparently 
Captain  Christy.  With  our  experience  in  the  South 
of  15°  of  frost,  followed  by  a  mild  rain,  flowers  of 
almost  all  kinds  have  now  perished. 

National  Auricula,    Carnation,    and 

PicoTEE  Societies. — The  annual  meeting  of  the 
above  Societies  was  held  in  the  East  Crush-room  of 
the  Royal  Albert  Hall,  on  Tuesday,  December  7. 
Harry  J.  Veitch,  Esq.,  presided.  Present  :  Rev.  H. 
H.  D'Ombrain,  and  Messrs.  Laing,  James,  Cannell, 
Dean,  Duflield,  Hill,  Turner,  Pearson,  Paul,  and  J. 
Douglas,  Hon.  Sec.  The  Presidents,  Vice-Presi- 
dents, and  committee  were  unanimously  re-elected. 
Messrs.  T.  Fife  and  C.  Phillips,  both  of  Reading, 
were  elected  members  of  the  committee  of  the  Auricula 
Society ;  and  Mt.  T.  E,  Henwood,  of  Reading,  and 


Mr.  M.  Rowan,  of  Clapton,  were  elected  members  of 
the  Carnation  Society.  Mr.  Rolt  has  resigned  his  post 
of  Treasurer  to  both  societies,  and  Mr.  Shirley  Hib- 
herd  was  unanimously  elected  in  his  place.  Mr. 
Douglas  was  re-elected  as  Secretary  ;  Mr.  Veitch  was 
re-clscted  as  one  of  the  auditors,  and  Mr.  Moore 
elected  as  co-auditor  with  him,  in  the  place  of  Mr. 
Hibberd  resigned  on  his  appointment  as  Treasurer. 
It  was  decided  to  hold  the  Auricula  show  on  April 
26,  1887,  and  the  Carnation  and  Picotee  show  on 
July  26.  It  was  also  unanimously  decided  to  alter 
the  name  of  the  Auricula  Society  to  that  of  the 
Auricula  and  Primula  Society.  Owing  to  the  illness 
of  the  Treasurer,  the  statement  of  accounts  was  not 
presented  to  the  meeting. 

Adiantum    Farleyense. — Several    fronds 

have  been  sent  to  us  with  indistinct  indications  of 
spores  under  the  recurved  edges  of  the  frond  as  cus- 
tomary in  Adiantum.  Hitherto  we  have  not  seen 
any  perfect  spore-cases,  though  from  the  evidence 
lately  published  there  is  no  doubt  that  they  may  occur 
now  and  then. 

Aloes. — The  December  number  of  the  Revue 

//ordcole  contiiias  a  coloured  figure  of  Aloe  Dyckiana, 
A,  roseo-cincta,  and  A.  plicatilis,  all  three  pro- 
ducing massive  spikes  of  brilliant  crimson  flowers  like 
those  of  a  Tritonia,  but  with  spikes  more  than  a 
yard  high,  and  produced  from  a  rosette  of  fleshy, 
lanceolate  leaves  forming  a  crown  to  the  stem  3  feet 
or  more  in  height.  A.  Dyckiana  forms  a  conspicuous 
ornament  out-of-doors  in  the  gardens  of  the  Rivjera, 
but  is  amply  worth  cultivating  under  glass  here. 

PiNANGA  decora  is  a  handsome  stove  Palm 

lately  received  from  Borneo  by  the  Compagnie  Con- 
tinentale  of  Ghent.  According  to  the  figure  of  the 
young  plant  given  in  the  Illustration  Horticole,  t. 
614,  the  stems  are  spineless,  the  leaves  sheathing  at 
the  base,  with  long  stalks,  and  pinnately  divided 
blades,  the  segments  of  which  are  lanceolate  acumi- 
nate, of  a  deep  green  colour,  flushed  with  bronze. 

North    ok    Scotland    Horticultural 

Association.— The  following  is  the  programme  for 
the  forthcoming  meetings  (at  Aberdeen)  : — Feb.  18 
(7  P.M.)  :  "  Herbaceous  Plants,"  by  Wm.  Cunning- 
ham, Kinlore  Nurseries;  and  "Botanical  Geo- 
graphy," by  Mr.  Maitland,  Cawdor  Castle  Gardens. 
March  18  (8  p.m.)  :  "  Worms,"  by  Professor  Nichol- 
son, University,  This  lecture  will  be  delivered  in 
Professor  Nicholson's  class-room,  Marischal  College. 
April  15  (8  P.M.) :  "  The  Formation  of  Lawn  Tennis 
Grounds,"  by  A.  Giles,  Union  Place ;  and  "  Amateur 
Grape  Growing,"  by  James  Scott,  Deemount  Road. 
May  20  (8  P.M.) :  "  Bees,"  by  L.  Tait,  Foveran. 

The  Roots  of  Pulses.  —The  existence  on 

the  roots  of  Peas,  Beans,  and  Papilionacex  generally, 
of  small  tubercles  or  nodules  has  long  been  known^ 
and  the  growths  in  question  have  excited  much  atten- 
tion 00  the  part  of  botanists.  It  now  appears  pro- 
bable that  these  little  growths,  which  the  purely 
practical  man  would  deem  of  no  importance,  are  of 
great  consequence  in  connection  with  the  absorption 
and  digestion  of  nitrogenous  food,  and  the  conversion 
of  insoluble  and  inert  nitrogenous  matter  into  soluble 
food  by  means  of  minute  organisms.  Such  facts 
could  never  have  been  guessed  by  the  most  expe- 
rienced practitioner  in  any  length  of  time,  and  yet 
they  are  matters  of  cardinal  importance  to  him. 

Eucalypti.— Our  correspondent,  "J.  W.," 

of  Bradfield,  Collumpton,  in  respect  to  these  species 
of  Australian  plants,  writes  :  —  "I  have  been  testing 
the  hardiness  of  some  of  the  Eucalypti  from  seeds  of 
the  more  robust  sorts  given  me  by  my  friend  M, 
Naudin,  of  the  Jardin  Thuret,  Antibes.  Last 
winter  was  a  very  severe  one,  E.  viminalis  stood 
it  well ;  E.  sideriflora,  E.  rostrata,  E.  rudis,  and  E. 
botryoides,  were  killed  to  the  ground,  but  are  send- 
ing up  strong  shoots ;  all  the  others  were  quite 
killed.  E.  coccifera  is  well  known  to  be  hardy,  and 
did  not  suffer  at  all.  I  got  the  plant  some  two  years 
ago  from  a  nurseryman,  but  out  of  six  since  purchased 
I  have  only  saved  two,  and  these  were  greatly 
injured  by  having  been  kept  in  small  pots  instead  of 
being  planted  out  and  transplanted.  It  is  of  no  use 
to  plant  a  tree  with  corkscrew  roots,  and  one  may  as 
well  kill  it  at  once  by  attempting  to  unwind  their 
tangle,  which  has  been  the  fate  of  all  mine  but  two. 
I  wish  I  knew  where  I  could  get  seed  of  this  variety." 


December  ii,  1886.]  j 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


755 


Publications  Received. — Frccecdingsofihe 

Agrkullural  and  Horticultural  Society  of  India  for 
October,  1S86.  (Calcutta  :  T.  S.  Smith,  ij,  Bsn- 
tinck  ^K^y).— Journal  of  the  Royal  Horticultura. 
Society,  vol.  vii.,  No.  2  :  The  Report  on  the  Primula 
Conference  at  South  R'ensington,  and  on  the  Orchid 
Nomanclature  Conference  at  Liverpool. — Live  Stock 
Journal  Almanac,  1887.  (London  :  ViNTON  & 
Co  ,  Limited) 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.  Heard, 

lateGirdenertoM.J.  Freeman,  Esq., of  Tbe Grange, 
Exmouth,  Devon,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener 
to  T.  F.  E  Fay,  Esq.,  Clay  Hill,  EnBeld,  Middlesex. 


LOW'S    SILVER    FIR. 

\Vk  gladly  avail  ourselves  of  the  opportunity 
afforded  us  by  Mr.  Heale,  of  the  Cranston  Nurseries, 
Hertford,  of  figuring  the  cones  of  this  much  contro- 
verted Silver  Fir  (6g.  148,  p.  753).  As  to  the  genus 
to  which  it  belongs,  some  persons  place  it  in  Abie', 
some  in  Picea,  and  others,  more  comprehensive  in 
their  views,  range  it  under  Pinus.  So  long  as  we 
know,  or  are  told,  in  which  sense  they  use  the 
particular  word,  it  does  not  matter  which  generic 
name  be  adopted.  As  to  the  specific  name  there  has 
been  even  greater  diversity  of  practice.  Some  say  it 
ii  a  distinct  species,  some  say  it  is  not.  Some  think 
it  is  a  variety  of  concolor,  others  deem  it  to  be  con- 
color  itself,  while  yet  others  range  it  under  grandis. 

Professor  Sargent,  to  whose  authority  all  deference 
is  due,  while  criticising  some  remarks  of  out  own, 
suggests  that  there  may  only  be  one  very  variable 
form  extending  from  Oregon  to  South  California,  and 
thence  inland  to  Utah  and  the  Rocky  Mountains 
of  Colorado.  Under  this  view  Abies  grandis  of 
Lindley  would  include— i,  the  typical  form  so 
common  in  gardens  together  with  the  Vancouver 
Island  form  (Gordoniana)  ;  2,  the  Californian  form, 
that  is  now  under  consideration  ;  and  3,  the  variety 
CDncolor,  found  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Utah. 

For  garden  purposes  these  three  forms  arc  usually 
distinct  enough  to  be  kept  separate  and  so,  in  garden 
catalogues,  we  are  recommended  to  recognise  A, 
grandis,  the  coast  form  ;  A.  Lowiana,  the  Californian 
form  ;  and  A.  concolor,  the  Utah  and  Colorado  form 
with  the  pointed  leaves  glaucous  on  both  sides  and 
the  relatively  large  buds.  We  are  inclined  to  think 
this  is  as  satisfactory  an  arrangement  as  any  that  has 
been  proposed. 

Now  as  to  the  name  of  this  particular  species, 
variety,  or  form,  it  has  been  called  laslocarpa  and  is 
perhaps  most  widely  known  in  gardens  under  that 
Dame.  It  has  been  called  Parsonsiana,  and  it  has  been 
ticketed  as  Lowiana.  The  name  lasiocarpa  is,  no 
doubt,  quite  wrong  as  applied  to  this  plant,  and  so 
that  must  be  abandoned  in  that  connection.  The 
name  Parsonsiana  is  a  mere  catalogue  name  published 
without  description  or  figure,  and  therefore  not  worthy 
of  being  permanently  retained  in  any  authentic 
register.  There  remains  only  Lowiana,  and  whether 
the  reader  chooses  to  call  it  Abies  Lowiana  (as 
we  should  do),  or  Picea  Lowiana,  or  Pinus 
Lowiana,  as  any  one  else  is  at  liberty  to  do,  is  of 
no  great  consequence,  so  long  as  it  is  cleat  by  which 
name  the  Silver  Firs,  the  Spruces  and  the  Pines  re- 
spectively are  meant.  Meanwhile,  for  popular  or 
garden  usage,  the  phrase  Low's  Silver  Fir,  obviates 
all  difficulty.  Having  so  recently  and  so  frequently 
referred  to  the  botany  of  this  tree,  we  forbear  to 
inflxt  any  further  technicalities  on  our  readers.  It 
must  suffice  to  say,  that  it  was  introduced  into  com- 
merce from  California  in  the  first  instance  by  Messrs. 
Parsons,  of  Flushing,  United  States,  and  imported 
into  England  in  1855,  by  Mr.  S-.uatt  Low,  so  that  in 
some  sense  Messrs.  Parsons  might  seem  to  have  some 
claim  to  priority;  but  as  this  is  only  accorded  to  plants 
authentically  named,  described  and  registered,  their 
nime  is  displaced  in  favour  of  a  name  technically 
cirrect.  Mr.  Barron,  of  Elvaston  Nurseries,  has 
repeatedly  told  the  story  of  the  origin  of  this  tree  in  our 
columns  (see  specially  vol.  v.,  1876,  p.  78),  and  one  of 
the  originally  imported  plants  is  in  his  nursery.  Leav- 
ing debateable  matters,  we  shall  all  agree  that  Low's 
Silver  Fir  is  a  handsome  tree  ;  it  i;  massive-looking, 
pyramidal  in  outline,  with  close  tiers  of  rather  stiff, 
horizontal,  or  pendulous  branches.  The  young  shoots 
are  generally  flexile,  glabrous,  olive-brown  in  colour, 
and  with  long  spreading  leaves  in  two  or  more 
tanks,  and  generally  pretty  uniform  as  to  length. 
The  leaves  are  usually  blunt  at  the  tips,   occasionally 


notched,  channelled  on  the  upper  surface,  and  with  a 
projecting  midrib  beneath.  The  colour  varies  con- 
siderably in  different  specimens,  but  an  olive-green 
hue  above  and  a  silvery  lustre  beneath  are  the  most 
common  conditions.  Breathing  pores,  or  stomata, 
exist  on  both  surfaces.  Usually  the  leaves  spread  on 
either  side  of  the  shoots  in  one  horizontal  plane,  but 
sometimes  they  are  more  or  less  upturned.  The  buds, 
especially  those  at  the  ends  of  the  shoots,  as  was 
originally  pointed  out  to  us  by  Mr.  Barron,  afford  a 
good  means  of  discrimination  from  those  of  the  true 
concolor.  The  buds  of  Low's  Silver  Kir  are  usually 
relatively  smaller,  chestnut-brown,  more  or  less 
bluntly-conical,  or  even  pyramidal  at  the  base,  while 
those  of  concolor  are  larger,  paler,  rounder,  or  more 
cylindric,  according  to  the  stage  of  growth,  and  less 
often  smeared  with  resin.  Low's  Silver  Fir,  like  the 
true  grandis,  does  not  stop  growing  in  autumn  so  sud- 
denly as  does  concolor  ;  the  conseq'ience  is  that,  while 
in  concolor  there  is  a  well-marked  interval  between  the 
ordinary  leaves  and  the  bud-scales  in  grandis  proper, 
and  in  Lowiana  the  ordinary  leaves  are  often  mote 
ot  less  mixed  up  with  the  bud-scales.  Of  course  we 
are  speaking  of  specimens  cultivated  in  this  country. 
How  it  is  in  the  wild  state  in  this  respect  we  do  not 
know.  In  this  country,  moreover,  Lowiana  does  not 
begin  to  gtow  so  early  in  the  spring  as  either  grandis  ot 
concolof.  The  cones  of  A.  grandis  (a  figure  of  which 
was  given  in  our  columns,  vol.  xxiv.,  1885,  p.  561, 
fig.  128,  and  which  should  be  compared  with  those 
now  given)  are  of  an  apple-green  colour  ripening  into 
a  bronzy-green,  both  in  the  wild  and  in  the  cultivated 
plant— quite  a  different  hue  from  the  rich  chestnut- 
brown  of  the  cones  of  Lowiana  here  figured.  In 
grandis  the  cones  grow  sometimes  singly,  sometimes 
in  groups,  as  in  the  Lowiana  now  figured.  The 
timber  of  grandis  and  of  concolor  is  not  of  any  great 
value  in  its  native  country,  the  wood  being  soft,  hence 
it  is  probable  that  the  trees  in  question  will  not  be  of 
much  value  in  this  country  for  other  than  decorative 
purposes,  


mfyhii    \im^^i. 


THE  SHOW    AND    FANCY   PELARGONIUM. 

The  more  quiet  these  can  be  kept  the  better  it  will 
be  fot  theit  future  healthy  growth  and  free  flowering. 
The  most  frequent  cause  of  failure  to  produce  healthy 
well-developed  plants  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  atmo- 
sphere is  kept  too  close,  and  the  temperature  too  high, 
in  winter  ;  the  plants  at  the  same  time  being  overdone 
with  water  at  the  toots.  The  months  of  December  and 
January  are  the  most  critical.  The  plants  should  be 
placed  close  to  the  gLss  toof,  and  not  in  close  con- 
tact with  each  other.  As  to  watering,  it  requires  an 
experienced  cultivator  to  do  it  well.  If  they  receive 
too  much  water  with  a  higher  than  cool  greenhouse 
temperature  the  growths  will  be  watery,  the  head  of 
bloom  irregular,  and  not  of  the  best  quality  ;  if  the 
temperature  is  low,  with  too  much  water  the  leaves 
become  infected  with  a  disease  usually  termed  "spot ;" 
if  they  do  not  get  enough  water,  and  the  soil  becomes 
dusty-dry,  the  lower  leaves  on  the  shoots  will  become 
yellow  and  drop  off.  Let  the  soil  become  dry,  but 
judge  by  its  appearance  that  it  contains  some  mois« 
ture.  In  applying  water,  see  that  the  whole  mass  of 
roots  is  thoroughly  moistened  with  rain-watet  as 
warm  at  least  as  the  atmosphere  of  the  house.  The 
small- flowered,  or  "fancies,"  require  the  temperature 
to  be  about  5°  higher  than  the  cool  greenhouse  usually 
receives.  By  a  cool  greenhouse  temperature  I  mean 
one  from  which  frost  is  just  excluded  by  a  fire  when 
the  temperature  is  likely  to  fall  below  35°  on  frosty 
nights.  The  large-flowered  varieties  are  not  injured 
if  it  should  get  as  low  as  the  freezing-point,  but  the 
"  fancies  "  would  be.  For  large  specimens  intended 
to  flower  in  June,  35°  to  40°  in  frosty  weather  is  a 
perfectly  safe  minimum  temperature.  Not  much 
work  will  be  required  amongst  them  during  the  next 
few  months,  except  to  keep  them  clean,  and  probably 
some  of  the  growths  will  require  to  be  tied  out  ;  this 
must  be  done  very  gradually.  Small  plants  in  s-inch 
pots  do  not  require  anything  like  so  much  care  in 
watering,  or  attention  in  other  respects  as  speci- 
mens do. 

The  Amaryllis. 

As  I  write  these  lioes  we  are  mixing  the  compost. 
This  is  as  simple  as  possible;  two  parts  good  turfy 
loam  to  one  of  leaf-mould,  one  of  tutfy  peat,  and  one 


of  decayed  manure  ;  some  tough  sand  may  also  be 
necessary.  I  like  the  compost  to  lie  out-ofdoors  for 
about  two  months  before  using  it.  The  manure  in 
that  case  becomes  mor^  thoroughly  incorporated  with 
the  remainder  of  the  compost.  The  plants  are  now 
thoroughly  at  rest.  All  the  decayed  matter  has  been 
picked  from  the  crown  of  the  bulbs,  and  as  thrips 
were  found  on  some  of  the  leaves  we  dusted  the 
crown  of  each  with  some  tobacco-powder,  and  as  a 
further  precaution  the  houses  were  well  filled  with 
tobacco-smoke.  This  can  be  applied  in  sufficient 
density  to  kill  the  thrips  without  injuring  the  resting 
bulbs.  Seedlings  of  la?t  season  ought  to  enjoy  a 
rather  warmer  temperature,  and  must  not  be  quite 
dried  up  ;  the  leaves  remain  green  all  through  the 
winter.  J.  Douglas. 


jfoi'ctgit  Corrcspoiibnitc. 


GREEN  FROGS. 
Now  that  these  cteatures  are  so  frequently  kept  in 
hothouses  in  England,  I  may  inquire  whether  it  has 
been  remarked  that  they  adapt  their  colour  to  the 
objects  on  which  they  may  find  themselves,  precisely 
like  chameleons?  I  have  hid  the  opportunity  of  ob* 
serving  both  in  my  Orchid-houses.  The  frogs  are 
generally  of  a  bright  grass-green,  but  they  vary  theit 
colour  to  an  almost  green-black,  to  a  pale  yellow- 
green,  and  to  a  deep  brown-black.  On  Cypripedium 
nxvium  I  mistook  one  lately  for  a  crumpled  leaf,  so 
closely  did  its  colour  assimilate  to  that  of  the  plant ; 
another  I  thought  was  a  fungus,  so  closely  did  it 
resemble  the  rotted  sphagnum  on  which  it  stood  ; 
whereas  others  on  sallow-leaved  Orchids  had  taken 
precisely  their  colour.  H.  J.  Ross,  Florence. 

Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society. 

At  the  show  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural 
Society  held  at  Boston  recently,  the  flowers  and 
plants  were  excellent  ;  some  seedlings  of  American 
origin  as  well  as  French  and  English  varieties  being 
amongst  them.  Harvard  University  Gardens  con- 
tributed a  fine  collection,  not  for  competition  ;  and 
the  others  came  from  gardens  in  the  locality.  Mr.  F. 
T.  Ames'  collection  of  plants  consisted,  amongst  others, 
of  the  following  : — Catlleya  gigas  imperialis,  a  very 
large  and  finely  coloured  flower ;  C.  Fausta  crispa,  a 
new  hybrid  ;  Renanthera  coccinea,  Oncidium  varico- 
sum  Rogersi,  larger  and  of  brighter  colour  than  the  type ; 
and  O.  Jonesianum,  new,  and  promising  to  be  very 
fine.  There  were  also  two  plants  of  the  Pine-apple 
family — Tillandsia  Lindeni  vera  (rare),  and  Vriesia 
brachystachys. 

Charles  F,  Evans,  of  Philadephia,  exhibited  the 
new  white  Rose  Puritan,  one  of  Bennett's  hybrids. 
Norton  Brothers  had  a  small  collection  of  beautiful 
Roses-  Mrs.  Francis  B.  Hayes  had  a  collection  of 
Camellias,  Roses,  Lapagerias  and  other  cut  flowers ; 
and  Edwin  Sheppard  a  variety  of  Pelargoniums. 
Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards  had  a  large  collection  of  native 
plants,  among  which  the  richly-coloured  fruit  of  the 
Black  Alder  and  Bitter-sweet  were  conspicuous. 

The  prize  Beurre  Diels,  Glou  Mor9eaus,  and 
Eeurre  Langeliers  were  excellent,  :.nd  the  show  of 
Apples  was  fine. 

Vegetable  Products  of  Mexico. 
In  a  recent  report  ftom  Mexico  the  following  vege- 
table substances  are  referred  to  as  products  of  the 
country.  After  coined  silver,  it  is  said,  the  most  im- 
portant article  in  the  list  of  Mexican  imports  is  now 
Henequin,  a  fibreproduced  from  the  leaves  of  the  Agave 
sisalina,  of  Yucatan.  According  to  figures  furnished 
by  the  exporters,  upwards  of  93,000,000  lb.  weight 
of  this  fibre  were  exported  in  18S4-5,  producing  a 
value  on  board  ship  of  more  than  ^^550,000.  In  the 
course  of  the  five  years  between  1879  and  1884  the 
export  of  this  plant  more  than  tripled  its  value, 
Ixtle  is  another  important  fibre  which  is  beginning  to 
attract  notice  ;  it  is  extensively  used  for  making 
brushes,  and  certain  portions  of  it  are  spun  into 
thread.  It  is  derived  from  the  Agave  ixtle,  and 
recently  from  the  Agave  or  Maguey  (Agave  ameri- 
cana),  from  which  Pulque  is  made,  and  which  is  pro- 
duced in  great  plenty  in  the  valley  of  Mexico,  and 
other  parts  of  the  country.  Pulque  is  consumed  in 
vast  quantities,  but  until  lately  the  outer  leaves  had 
been  regarded  as  waste.  The  invention  of  effective 
processes  for  detaching  and  cleansing  the  fibre  will 
now  enable  it  to  be  produced  on  a  very  large  scale. 


756 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  i8 


The  exportation  of  Ixile  reached  in  1884-5 
a  value  of  ;£  112,000.  The  next  agricultural 
product  on  the  exportation  list  is  Coffee,  of 
which  during  the  year  1884-5,  Mexico  exported 
about  ^200,000  worth,  as  against  upwards  of 
/^26o,ooo  in  1883-4.  In  the  five  years  between  1879- 
80  and  1883-4,  Mexico  exported  to  the  United 
States  alone  nearly  60,000,000  lb.  of  Coffee,  valued 
at  somewhat  less  than  ;^  1,200, 000.  From  the  fore- 
going figures  it  appears  that  the  United  States  are  the 
chief  consumers  of  Mexican  Coffee,  which  berry  is 
one  of  the  very  few  products  which  pay  no  Customs 
duty  on  entering  the  Republic.  Uruapane,  in 
Michoacau,  produces  Coffee  of  the  most  delicious 
flavour,  which  took  a  ist  prize  at  the  Unitsd  States 
Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876  ;  many  judges  con- 
sider it  equal  to  the  best  Mocha,  Martinique,  and 
Java  Coffees.  The  cultivators  of  Cocoa  in  1SS6  have 
not  realised  the  sanguine  expectations  of  M.  Basto, 
for  some  ^iooo  to  ;^io,ooo  worth  of  the  pods  still 
comes  from  abroad.  It  is  said  that  the  culture  of 
Cocoa  is  an  operation  of  considerable  delicacy,  and 
that  after  picking  it  requires  extreme  attention  in  the 
handling  not  to  lose  much  of  its  colour  and  flavour. 
The  quality  of  the  Cocoa  grown  is  excellent,  but 
before  it  can  be  made  an  article  of  exportation  it  will 
be  necessary  to  cultivate  it  on  a  large  scale,  and  so 
to  reduce  its  price  by  the  use  of  labour-saving  machi- 
nery as  to  enable  it  to  compete  with  the  Cocoa 
exported  by  Venezuela,  Reunion,  Ecuador,  and 
Central  America.  The  consumption  of  Chocolate, 
if  not  as  a  beverage  at  all  events  for  confectionery 
purposes,  is  said  to  be  steadily  increasing  in  Europe 
and  the  United  States  ;  one  of  the  great  makers  of 
"  Chocolates"  in  the  latter  country  declared  recently 
that  within  the  last  five  years  he  has  increased  his 
annual  consumption  from  24,000  to  50,000  bags. 


DISEASE    OF    CELERY. 
PUCCINIA  BULLATA. 

Celery  is  very  liable  to  a  disease  caused  by  a 
fungus  now  generally  known  as  Puccinia  bullata.  It 
is  possible  that  some  Celery  growers  may  have  had  no 
experience  of  this  ailment,  but  other  growers,  and 
especially  during  the  present  season,  have  seen  every 
Celery  plant  fall  rapidly  into  loathsome  putridity  from 
the  attacks  of  the  fungus  before  us.  Puccinia  bullata 
has  been  very  rife  this  autumn  and  we  know  of  more 
than  one  instance  where  every  plant  in  a  market 
garden  has  been  completely  swept  off  by  it. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  149)  will  explain 
something  of  the  habit  of  the  pest.  At  A  is  shown, 
natural  size,  what  should  be  one  of  the  smaller  leaflets 
of  a  Celery  leaf,  but  the  disease  which  is  preying  upon 
the  leaf  has  caused  it  to  distend  itself  to  an  abnormally 
large  size  ;  it  is  also  thick  and  leathery  in  proportion 
to  Its  superficial  expanse.  It  is  thickly  covered  all 
over  on  both  sides  with  projecting  black  disease  spots. 
At  B  is  shown,  also  natural  size,  a  fragment  of  the 
upper  portion  of  the  "  stick"  or  leafstalk  of  the 
Celery  plant  blotted  on  both  sides  with  disease  spots 
identical  with  those  seen  on  the  leaves. 

In  an  attempt  to  understand  something  of  the 
nature  of  the  disease  a  small  piece  should  be  cut  from 
one  of  the  leaves  through  the  disease  spots,  and  from 
this  small  piece  a  minute  and  very  thin  slice  should 
be  cut  from  the  exposed  surface.  If  magnified  fifty 
diameters  the  transparent  fragment,  thus  removed,  will 
appear  much  as  shown  in  the  centre  of  the  illustration, 
which  has  been  engraved  direct  from  Nature.  Ate  the 
upper  epidermis  of  the  leaf  is  seen  peeling  away,  or 
sloughing  off  from  the  flesh  of  the  leaf.  At  D  the 
lower  epidermis  is  sloughing  off  in  a  similar  fashion. 
At  E  E,  stomata,  or  organs  of  transpiration  may  be 
seen  on  the  epidermis,  which  is  peeling  off ;  and  at 
F,  G,  H,  and  J  the  fungus  itself,  or  Puccinia,  may  be 
seen  growing  within  the  leaf,  and  bursting  from 
within  outwards.  Everywhere  amongst  the  con- 
stituent cells  of  the  interior  of  the  leaf  the  spawn  or 
mycelial  threads  of  the  fungus  may  be  seen.  It  is 
evident  that  a  leaf  so  disorganised,  with  epiderm 
everywhere  burst  and  cells  abnormally  swollen,  can  no 
longer  perform  its  vital  functions.  As  the  "stick" 
or  leaf-stalk  is  in  an  identical  condition  with  the  leaf 
the  whole  plant  when  badly  attacked  by  the  fungus 
must  of  necessity  soon  fall  into  putridity. 

In  its  early  stage  of  growth  the  red  spores— Uredo 

spores — consist  of  a  single  cell  as  shown  enlarged  400 

diameters  at  K ;  these  spores  by  germination  rapidly 

and  as  soon  as  formed  extend  the  disease.     Later  on, 


spores  of  two  cells  —  Puccinia  spores,  potentially 
resting  spores — are  produced  as  shown  enlarged  400 
diameters  at  L. 

No  /Ecidium  has  yet  been  suggested  for  Puccinia 
bullata,  although  a  good  number  of  old  species  and 
synonyms  as  P.  Apii,  P.  Conii,  P.  /Ethusae,  P.  rubigi- 
nosa,  P.  Anethi,  P.  Silai,  P.  buUaria,  &c.,  have  of 
late  been  all  rolled  into  the  one  before  us.  The 
Uredo  condition  also  has  at  least  six  different  names. 
All  species  of  Puccinia  found  on  umbelliferous  plants 
are,  however,  not  of  necessity  the  P.  bullata  of 
Celery.  Some  men  appear  to  do  nothing  but  invent 
new  names  for  fungi  and  parts  of  fungi ;  other  men 
knock  all  the  new  names  down  (like  nine  pins)  as 
soon  as  erected.  Both  sets  of  men  think  this  child's 
play  is  Botany  or  Mycology,  and  become  disturbed  if 
they  get  laughed  at  as  mere  hucksters  of  hard  words. 

The  Celery  fungus  is  not  confined  to  Celery,  as  it 
grows  upon  Parsley,  Fool's  Parsley,  Seseli,  Pepper- 
Saxifrage,  Silaus,  Archangelica,  Fennel,  Hog  Fennel, 
Peucedanum,  Hemlock  and  other  Umbelliferae. 

The  fungus  should  be  destroyed  in  its  early  stages 
of  growth  as  soon  as  seen,  and  a  good  look-out  kept 
for  any  Fuccinia-infected  examples  of  the  umbelli- 
ferous plants  just  mentioned.  Worthington  G.  Smith, 
Dunstable, 


j40MJE     -pOF^F^EgPONDENCE. 


Wasps  and  their  Habits. — Your  correspondent, 
" F.  W.,"  is  wrong  in  stating  "that  there  are  never 
any  of  these  hanging  nests  seen  in  the  South  of  Eng- 
land." They  are  certainly  not  common,  but  far  from 
uncommon.  Only  this  last  summer  a  very  perfect 
nest  was  found  suspended  from  a  branch  of  a  small 
Aucuba  japonica  in  a  pot,  and  formed  an  interesting 
exhibit  at  the  Royal  Southampton  Horticultural 
show  in  August.  The  nest  still  remains  intact  on  the 
plant,  and  is  placed  in  a  greenhouse  for  further  preser- 
vation. It  is  about  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  a 
marvel  of  insect  skill.  Many  nests  of  a  similar 
character  have  frequently  been  found  in  this  locality. 
Two  years  since  one  was  found  upon  a  small  branch 
of  a  Cedrus  Deodara  on  my  lawn.  There  are  several 
species  of  wasps  in  England.  The  one  that  suspends 
its  nest  to  branches  is  different  from  the  common 
too  well  known  species  which  makes  its  nest  within 
the  ground.    IT.  H.  R.,  Southampton. 

The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion.— I  am  glad  to  see  there  is  one  gardener — Mr. 
Greenfield — who  approves  of  the  suggestion  I  made 
in  favour  of  the  above.  As  Mr.  Greenfield  says,  the 
collection  taking  place  in  the  Queen's  jublilee  year 
it  is  almost  sure  to  be  a  success.  Mr.  Greenfield's 
idea,  that  a  good  representative  committee  be  chosen 
in  the  various  districts  is  a  capital  one.  Perhaps 
other  gardeners  will  give  their  opinion,  for  now  the 
ball  is  set  rolling  it  is  best  to  keep  it  going,  I  have 
been  thinking  whether  it  would  not  be  best  to  partly 
re-name  the  above  Institution  by  calling  it  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Benevolent  Institution.  It  would  then 
be  more  in  character  with  the  R.  A. B.I.  J.  Perkins. 

Severe  Frost  in  East  Anglia.  — On  the  morning 
of  the  2d  and  3d,  Thursday  and  Friday  last,  our 
thermometer  registered  17'^  of  frost,  and  on  the  4th, 
8°.  We  just  managed  to  fill  our  ice-house.  J.  Per- 
kins, Thornham  Hall. 

Adiantum  Farleyense. — I  believe  it  is  very 
rarely  that  this  beautiful  Fern  produces  fertile  fronds. 
I  have  availed  myself  of  every  opportunity  to  search 
for  them,  and  have  examined  plants  of  all  sizes,  and 
those  that  have  been  grown  under  various  conditions, 
but  have  never  succeeded  in  finding  any.  Having 
expressed  an  opinion  that  it  never  produces  fertile 
fronds,  a  friend  of  mine  brought  me  a  frond  to  con- 
vince me  that  it  does.  The  frond  which  was  given 
me  was  a  very  young  one,  and  although  there  is  some 
semblance  of  fertility,  the  spore  cases  are  very  imper- 
fectly developed.  I  have  some  doubt  if  they  would 
have  developed  sufficiently  to  bring  spores  to  maturity. 
Enclosed  find  portion  of  frond.  I  shall  be  glad  to 
know  if  you  have  seen  well-developed  fertile  fronds. 
A.  Hemsley.     [No.    Ed.] 

I  might  have  said  when  I  wrote  my  query  at 

p.  692,  that  I  am  of  opinion  that  this  seedling  Adian- 
tum might  have  been  the  product  of  a  cross  between 
A.  macrophyllum  and  scutum.  It  is  well  known  to 
cultivators  of  Ferns,  that  by  sowing  two  or  more 
varieties  of  the  same  species  together,  some  very 
fine  varieties  have  been  obtained.  Why  should  it 
not  have  been  so  in  this  case  ?  If  my  memory  serves 
me  right,  Farleyense  was  an  importation  from 
Jamaica,  but  as  Mr,  T.  M.  Shuttleworth  says,  it  may 
still  have  been  a  hybrid.     Has  it  ever  been  known 


to  come  up  in  any  stove  that  has  never  had  an  estab- 
lished plant  of  the  true  Farleyense  in  it,  and  where 
such  varieties  as  scutum,  &c.,  have  been  grown?  If 
so,  this  would  establish  the  fact  of  its  being  a 
hybrid.   W.  G. 

Plants  for  Bees, — In  answer  to  the  inquiry  of 
"T.  B.  S."  (p.  729),  apiarians  having  garden  space, 
or  suitable  ground,  will  do  well  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  list  of  seeds  of  choice  "bee  plants"  offered  below, 
as  we  feel  sure  that  their  "take"  of  honey  will  be 
much  improved  both  in  quantity  and  quality.  There 
are  many  other  varieties  beyond  those  we  mention 
which  are  recommended  as  suitable  for  bees,  but  a 
long  and  careful  observation  at  our  seed  grounds 
confirms  our  opinion  that  those  named  may  be  consi- 
dered the  very  best  amongst  annuals  for  the  purpose, 
and,  we  may  add,  the  most  easily  cultivated.  With 
the  exception  of  Mignonette,  which  should  not  be 
sown  out-of-doors  before  April,  all  are  quite  hardy, 
and  sown  freely  at  intervals  from  early  in  March  to 
the  middle  of  June,  will  produce  an  abundant  succes- 
sion of  bloom  from  May  to  October.  Gilias,  Nemo- 
philas,  and  Limnanthes  Douglasi  will  bloom  much 
earlier  if  sown  in  August  or  September  in  a  sheltered 
spot,  but  the  soil  must  not  be  freshly  manured,  or  the 
plants  will  make  too  much  growth  to  stand  the 
winter :  —  Borage,  Clarkia  pulchella,  C.  p.  alba, 
Cyanus  minor.  Erysimum  Peroffskianum,  Gilia  tri- 
color, G.  t.  alba,  Limnanthes  Douglasi,  Mignonette 
New  Giant,  Nemophila  insignis,  N.  i.  alba,  Oenothera 
bistorta  Veitchi,  and  white  Dutch  Clover— splendid 
for  bees,  and  producing  the  finest  quality  of  honey. 
Daniels  Brothers. 

In  answer  to  "  T.   B.  S.  "  on  bee   plants, 

there  is  a  little  book  on  the  above  subject,  written 
by  Mr.  H.  Dobbie,  of  Cringleford,  Norwich,  pub- 
lished by  Jarrold  &  Son,  London  and  Norwich. 
Mr.  Dobbie  also  supplies  the  seeds  and  plants. 
Messrs.  Carter,  of  Holborn,  have  a  special  list  of 
bee  plants  for  the  flower  garden  and  kitchen  garden. 
This  list  has  been  carefully  selected  and  contains  the 
very  thing  "T.  B.  S.  "  requires,  and  I  would  strongly 
advise  him  (or  her)  to  apply  for  this  list,  and  make  a 
selection  from  it.    Walter  Chilly,  Pewsey. 

Cape  Woods. — It  may  interest  your  correspondent, 
Mr.  D.  Webster,  as  well  as  other  readers  of  the  Gar- 
deners^ Chronicle,  to  know  that  the  Cape  Boxwood 
referred  to  by  him  (p.  715,  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
December  4)  is  furnished  by  the  new  species  of 
Buxus  recently  described  by  Professor  Oliver  as 
Buxus  Macowani,  and  an  account  of  which  I  pub- 
lished in  the  Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts  for  March 
19  last,  p.  465.  The  Catalogue  of  Cape  exhibits  at 
tlie  recent  Colonial  Exhibition,  referring  to  this  Box- 
wood, says: — "North-eastward  of  Bathurst  are  the 
more  important  forests  of  East  London,  containing 
the  Boxwood  recently  brought  to  notice  and  not 
known  to  exist  in  any  other  forests  in  the  colony." 
And  again,  in  another  place,  it  says  :  —  "Its  natural  re- 
production is  very  good.  The  seasoning  of  this  wood 
has  been  under  observati  on  for  little  more  than  a  year 
and  appearances  indicate  that  it  will  become  one  of 
the  most  valuable  woods  per  cubic  foot  in  the  colony. 
When  Cape  Boxwood  is  better  known  in  the  English 
market  it  is  anticipated  that  an  export  trade  will  be 
established.  Small  shipments  have  already  been 
made  to  introduce  the  wood,  which  is  very  favourably 
reported  on  for  engraving  purposes.  The  Timber 
Trades'  fournal,  of  August  22,  1885,  states  this 
wood  to  be  one  of  the  best  wools  yet  put  forward  as 
a  substitute  for  the  ever  decreasing  supply  of  true 
Box."  While  on  the  subject  of  Boxwood  it  may 
be  well  to  state  that  the  Kuepua  Boxwood  or  Kamassi 
(Gonioma  Kamassi)  has  also  attracted  some  attention 
of  late  as  a  substitute  for  Box,  in  consequence  of 
which  it  is  more  strictly  preserved  in  the  forests  than 
hitherto.  Quoting  again  from  the  Cape  Catalogue 
we  find  that  a  London  firm  of  wood  engravers  thus 
report  on  this  wood  : — "  Suitable  for  the  finest 
mechanical  engraving,  such  as  machinery  of  all 
descriptions,  also  adapted  for  ordinary  engraving 
purposes."  This  wood  is  stated  to  be  considered  by 
some  as  superior  to  the  East  London  Boxwood,  and 
it  is  anticipated  that  further  trials  with  lead  to  an 
export  trade  in  Kamassi  wood.  Good  specimens  of 
these  woods,  together  with  the  fine  plank  of  yellow 
wood  referred  to  by  Mr.  Webster,  have  been  pre- 
sented by  the  Cape  Commission  to  the  Museum  of 
the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew.   John  R,  Jackson. 

Transmission  of  Seeds  from  the  Tropics. — 
In  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  October  16,  i8S6,  is 
a  note  from  my  friend,  Mons.  Thury,  the  Director 
of  the  Botanic  Garden,  Martinique,  in  reference  to  the 
vitality  of  seeds  in  the  tropics.  I  can  fully  confirm 
what  Mons.  Thury  asserts,  as,  from  an  experience 
extending  over  eleven  years,  I  have  had  frequent 
opportunities  of  testing  the  truth  of  the  statements 
advanced.  Many  tropical  seeds,  especially  Legu- 
minous ones,  also  soon  lose  their  vitality  unless  they 
are  specially  "  fitted  to  survive  "  by  possession  of  a 
hardened  exterior  coating — a  fact  occurring  in  Nature 


December  ii,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


757 


which  ought  to  show  us  the  way  to  preserve  seeds  in 
these  climates  with  success.  Measures  are  now 
adopted  by  many  of  our  leading  seedsmen  to  her- 
metically seal  all  packages  of  seeds  coming  to  the 
tropics,  and  this  plan  would  be  adopted  by  all  with- 
out doubt  did  they  know  how  the  quality  of  these 
goods  is  depreciated  by  being  kept  for  a  few  weeks 
in  the  paper  bags  in  which  they  are  often  forwarded. 
J.    Hart,   Acting  Director,    Botanical  Department, 


Rose  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam.— I  am  sorry  that 
Mr.  Henry  Bennett  feels  aggrieved  about  my  state- 
ment concerning  that  very  beautiful  Rose,  Lady  Mary 
Fitzwilliam,  but  I  am  equally  sorry  that  I  cannot 
retract  what  I  have  said.  Mr.  B.  mentions  its  female 
parent,  but  what  was  its  male  parent  ? — that  is  the 
first  point.  But  even  if  he  crossed  it  with  another 
Tea,  there  must  have  been  some  body,  in  the  shape 
of  bee,  moth,  or  insect  of  some  sort,  beforehand.  He 
announced  "  Her  Majesty "  as  a  cross  between 
two  H.P.'s,  I  believe,  although  I  never  happened 
to  see  his  announcements  ;  but  it  is  anything  but 
perpetual,  and  something  must  have  interfered  with 
the  hybridising.  I  believe  he  acknowledges  so  much 
himself.  For  my  statement  that  it  is  not  a  Tea 
I  rely  on  the  catalogues,  and  also  on  its  habit 
of  growth  ;  in  fact,  whatever  may  have  been  its 
supposed  parentage,  it  is  as  much  a  Tea  as  La 
France  or  Captain  Christy,  and  I  am  convinced 
that  if  any  exhibitor  is  weak  enough  to  put  it 
into  a  Tea  stand  he  will  inevitably  be  disqualified. 
Wild  Rose. 

Tobacco  Culture  and  Harvesting. — In  my 
notes  on  "Tobacco  Culture  in  North  Wales"  I 
promised  later  on  to  let  you  know  the  fin.-il  results — 
in  other  »ords,  how  the  Tobacco  turned  out.  After 
repeated  and  fair  trials  on  the  part  of  persons  well 
competent  to  judge,  I  must  say  that  the  result  is 
almost  everything  that  could  be  desired,  the  Tobacco 
smoking  pleasantly  and  well,  but,  of  course,  being  to 
a  great  extent  destitute  of  the  rich  aroma  that  is  so 
characteristic  of  the  finer  and  more  expensive  brands. 
This,  however,  can  only  be  imparted  to  it  by,  as 
stated  in  the  notes  on  Messrs.  Carter's  crop,  subject- 
ing it  to  the  necessary  process  of  fermentation  or 
curing  for  aroma  and  flavour.  From  Carlisle  south- 
wards it  is  now  quite  evident  that  Tobacco  culture  is 
a  branch  of  industry  well  suited  for  the  British  farmer, 
and  if  such  success  as  that  generally  reported  has 
attended  the  culture  and  harvesting  of  it  in  a  season 
like  the  present,  which  for  sunlessness  and  excessive 
rainfall  is  almost  unprecedented,  what  further  success 
may  we  not  expect  during  even  an  ordinary  English 
summer?  It  now  rests  entirely  with  Government 
to  grant  favourable  terms  for  Tobacco  culture, 
when  there  is  but  little  doubt  hundreds  would 
turn  their  attention  to  so  easily  managed  and  profit- 
able a  crop,  more  particularly  at  a  time  like  the 
present,  when,  do  as  they  will,  farmers  cannot  make, 
even  with  the  most  frugal  and  expert  management, 
the  ordinary  farm  produce  give  even  a  remunerative 
return.  The  value  of  Tobacco  culture  for  an  ordinary 
farmer  is  very  much  enhanced  by  the  fact  that  the 
final  curing  or  imparting  of  the  pleasant  aroma  is  not 
necessarily  required  to  be  engaged  in  by  him,  for  the 
raw  or  unmanufactured  crop  finds  a  ready  market  at 
6d.  or  81/.  per  pound,  and  as,  according  to  Messrs. 
Carter's  experiments,  15  cwt.  can  be  produced  on 
three  quarters  of  an  acre  of  ordinary  farming  land, 
the  grand  total  of  nearly  £ts  to  the  acre,  although 
startling,  is  in  reality  a  fact  that  actual  experiments, 
conducted  by  one  of  our  leading  nursery  firms,  and 
under  the  very  eyes  of  the  Excise  authorities,  fully 
bear  out.  Even  although  a  fair  taxation  is  levied  on 
British  grown  Tobaccos,  and  due  allowance  made  for 
the  impoverishing  nature  of  the  crop,  there  would  still 
be  a  handsome  margin  of  profit  left  for  the  person 
who  most  deserves  it— the  cultivator.  A.  D.  IVebster, 
Llandegai,  Bangor,  North  Wales. 

Potatos  for  Salad.— We  are  so  accustomed  to 
eat  the  tubers  of  this  plant  in  a  warm  condition  that 
we  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  on  the  continent  of 
Europe— where,  indeed,  the  root  does  not  happily  form 
the  chief  vegetable  at  any  one's  table— the  Potato  is 
very  commonly  eaten  cold,  cut  up  in  slices,  just  as  we 
serve  the  Cucumber,  and  oil,  vinegar,  and  other  con- 
diments are  added.  It  is  seldom  consumed  by  itself, 
sliced  Celeriac  or  Beetroot  being  usually  mixed  with 
it.  For  this  particular  use  long  kidney-shaped 
varieties  with  a  close  firm  texture,  are  chosen,  our 
floury  kinds  being  unsuited  owing  to  their  crumbling 
nature.  X. 

'■  Horticultural  Exhibitions.— Once  again  the 
exhibitions  for  the  year  may  be  said  to  be  over, 
and  members  of  committee  are  holding  meetings  to 
arrange  schedules  for  the  coming  year.  I  have  been 
connected  more  or  less  with  horticultural  exhibitions 
of  all  sorts  and  sizes,  from  judging  at  Internationals 
to  taking  the  gate  money  at  a  cottagers'  show,  so 
that  my  acquaintance  with  the  subject   ranges  over 


many  years,  and  I  am  tolerably!  conversantjjwith 
everything  in  the  show  way  ;  and  this  I  have  great 
pleasure  in  saying,  that  gardeners  as  a  class  are  honour- 
able and  straightforward,  but  in  this,  as  in  everything 
else,  there  are  exceptions,  some  exhibitors  sometimes 
placing  on  the  tables  articles  not  of  their  own  growing. 
Now  this  in  my  judgment  should  not  be  ;  all  exhibits 
ought  to  be  the  growth  of  or  have  been  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  exhibitor  two  months  previously,  because 
if  one  has  only  sufticient  friends  there  is  no  difficulty 
in  taking  high  honours  when  this  rule  is  systematically 
disregarded.  It  is  grievous  when  one  is  giving,  say, 
a  1st  prize  to  a  collection  of  fruit  to  see,  it  may  be,  a 
Pine-apple  or  a  Melon  which  from  their  appearance 
makes  one  wonder  if  they  have  not  done  duly  elsewhere  ; 
or  perhaps  a  prize  is  offered  in  August  for  Pears,  and 
one  comes  to  a  fine  dish  of  Williams'  Bon  Chretien, 
but  their  appearance  gives  one  the"idea  that  they  were 


Fig.  149.— celery  fungus  ;  puccii 


BULLATA  (see    P.    756). 


grown  over  the  water,  and  only  perhaps  bought  the 
day  before  in  a  first-class  fruiterer's.  This  surely  is 
wrong,  because  if  such  practices  are  allowed,  it  is  a 
case  of  the  long  purse  winning,  and  not  cultural  skill. 
A  manager  of  a  show  not  20  miles  fiom  London  said 
when  I  spoke  to  him  on  this  subject,  "We  don't 
care  a  rush,  provided  we  get  a  good  show."  I  con- 
sider this  mode  of  conducting  a  show  to  be  very  dis- 
heartening to  young  exhibitors,  and  often  causes  their 
employers  to  grumble  at  their  want  of  success.  I 
need  not  mention  that  it  is  of  vital  importance  that 
there  should  be  good  judges.  Of  course,  it  matters 
not  at  all  to  those  who  kindly  send  "  not  for  com- 
petition." I  have  no  motive  in  writing  this  beyond  a 
true  love  for  our  profession,  for  one  is  deeply  grieved 
to  see  a  falling  off  of  both  exhibitors  and  visitors  at 
nearly  every  show  in  the  country,  and  it  behoves  us 
to  do  all  that  in  us  lies  to  keep  the  bark  afloat,  for 
what  has  so  refining  an  influence  on  our  people 
generally  as  a  good  horticultural  show  ?  and  which 
aS'ords  a  holiday  to  as  praiseworthy  a  class  of  men  as 


can  be  met  with  as  my  brother  gardeners,  J.  Rust, 
Eridge  Castle, 

Eupatorium  Weinmannianum. — As  we  ate 
having  it  in  quantity  just  now,  both  for  plant  fur- 
nishing and  cut  flowers,  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to 
make  a  few  remarks  about  it.  I  do  not  know  of  any  thing 
at  this  time  of  year  that  gives  equal  returns  for  labour 
expended.  It  deserves  a  place  in  the  garden  of  the 
amateur  and  cottager,  as  well  as  in  more  extensive 
gardens.  It  has  nice  heads  of  flower  that  are  first 
white,  then  turn  a  very  light'pink,  having  a  fine  fra- 
grance resembling  that  of  the  Meadow  Sweet.  Asa 
cut  flower  it  endures  about  a  week,  except  in  cases 
where  the  vases  ate  near  to  the  heat  of  the  room  fire 
or  lamps.  It  is  planted  outside  all  summer  and 
autumn,  where  it  grows  well,  and  sets  its  flowers 
freely,  being  taken  up  some  time  in  September  accord- 
ing to  the  weather,  and  potted.  Our  smallest  sizes  are 
in  3-inch  and  the  largest  in  7-inch  pots.  By  lifting  it 
with  a  small  ball  there  is  no  perceptible  check  observed, 
if  it  be  kept  in  a  temperature  of  from  40°  to  50°  ;  under 
this  treatment  it  comes  into  flower  about  the  first  week 
of  December.  We  have  had  it  in  flower  since  the  second 
week  of  November,  but  these  were  forced  plants.  Those 
standing  in  cold  pits  look  as  vigorous  as  the  others, 
and  will  come  into  use  later,  making  a  good  suc- 
cession. Judging  by  the  manner  in  which  the  plants 
keep  in  unheated  pits,  I  should  not  hesitate  to  keep 
them  out-of-doors  for  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
year  in  the  mild  paits  of  the  kingdom.  J.  U.,  Skibo 
Gardens. 

Pruning  and  Switching  Hedges.— I  would  ask 
whether  there  is  any  difference  in  the  constitution  or 
other  circumstances  surrounding  trees,  whether  grow- 
ing in  hedges  or  in  plantations  or  forests,  that  should 
cause  different  seasons  to  be  considered  most  favour- 
able for  pruning  them  respectively  ?  As  to  hedges 
Mr.  Grigor  (in  his  prize  essay  on  fences,  Jottrnal  of 
the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England,  1st  series, 
vol.  vi.,  p.  214)  directs  "If  a  hedge  is  not  vigorous, 
and  an  increase  of  strength  be  desirable,  pruning 
should  be  performed  during  the  latter  part  of  October, 
because  the  sap  and  sustenance  which  the  toots  attract 
from  the  earth  during  the  winter  will  go  then  to  the 
remaining  branches,  causing  them  to  push  next  spring 
with  unusual  vigour."  The  late  Professor  Low,  of 
Edinburgh  University,  in  his  Elements  of  Practical 
A,sricu/ture,  writes,  p.  742,  "in  all  cases  of  pruning 
the  proper  season  is  when  vegetation  is  inert,  and  not 
when  the  sap  is  ascending."  Again,  p.  782,  "This 
(November)  is  the  fitting  season  for  pruning  hedges 
and  performing  other  operations  upon  the  live  fence." 
The  Highway  Act,  5  and  6  Will.  IV.,  c.  50,  s.  66, 
enacts  "No  person  shall  be  compelled,  nor  any  sur- 
veyor permitted,  to  cut  or  prune  any  hedge  at  any  other 
time  than  between  the  last  day  of  September  and  the 
last  day  of  March."  Thus  far  as  to  pruning  hedges  ; 
as  to  Forest  tree,  Mr.  Brown  in  The  Forester,  3d  ed., 
p.  419,  writes,  "  All  pruning  operations  should  be 
done  in  the  spring  or  summer  months,  observing  to 
leave  all  Maples  till  the  summer  season.  I  would  not 
advise  to  prune  after  August  I,  for  after  that  time  the 
motion  of  the  sap  becomes  slower,  and  the  wounds 
are  consequently  longer  in  healing  up.  I  observe  that 
those  trees  which  were  pruned  in  May  or  June  heal 
up  in  their  wounds  much  faster  than  those  done  in 
July  or  a  week  in  August.  My  impression  therefore, 
is,  that  the  month  of  June  is  to  be  preferred  to  any 
other  month  in  the  year  for  this  operation."  It  is 
remarkable  that  the  season  recommended  to  agricul- 
turists for  the  pruning  operations  of  the  hedger,  to 
which  season,  permission  to  the  parish  surveyor  to 
prune  such  hedges  as  have  been  neglected  by  the 
owner  is  restricted  by  statute,  is  precisely  the  season 
during  which  The  Forester  advises  that  no  pruning 
should  be  done.  It  may  be  that  the  arrangements 
for  other  operations  on  the  farm  may  make  it  more 
convenient  to  prune  the  hedges  in  October,  or  in 
some  of  the  months  intervening  between  October  and 
the  following  March  ;  but  leaving  that  consideration 
out  of  the  question,  and  regarding  only  the  health  of 
the  trees,  I  would  ask  whether  the  time  for  pruning 
that  has  been  found  best  to  suit  the  health  of  forest 
trees  is  not  likely  to  be  found  equally  favourable  to 
the  same  operation  on  hedges?  Diss.  [We  should 
object  to  summer  pruning  as  tending  to  restrict  root 
extension,  although  it  does  favour  the  healing  of  cut 
surfaces.  When  important  limbs  must  be  amputated 
from  large  tree,  there  is  the  best  of  reasons  for  pet- 
forming  it  in  the  season  when  the  sap  is  active.  No 
bad  results  have  been  noted  from  the  use  of  the  shears 
or  the  switch-knife  on  deciduous  plants  in  the  period 
from  September  to  February,  provided  the  work  be 
performed  in  mild  weather.  Ed.] 

Pteris  tremula  var.  grandiceps.— A  very  dis- 
tinct and  elegant  variety  of  one  of  the  most  useful 
Ferns  for  general  decorative  purposes.  It  is  of  a 
dwarf  and  more  compact  habit  of  growth  than  is  the 
normal  form  of  P.  tremula  ;  the  pinnules  are  narrower, 
the  fronds  terminate  in  a  tasselled  crest  of  multifid 
growths ;  the  side  pinna  are  also  lightly  crested,  the 


758 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLB. 


[December  ii,  i8 


terminal  crest  bearing  the  fronds  down,  and  giving 
Ihem  a  gracefully  arched  appearance.  Plants  of  this 
variety  were  exhibited  at  South  Kensington  on 
October  26  last  by  Mr.  H.  B.  May,  of  Edmonton,  by 
whom  it  was  raised.  A.  H. 

Chrysanthemums  at  Truelcves,  Ingatestone. 
—The  public  fcliows  now  being  over  one  has  lime  to 
look  round  a  bit  at  what  may  be  called  the  private 
shows,  and  one  cf  ihe  best  cerlainly  that  I  have  seen  is 
in  the  gardens  of  E  Caldtcott,  Esq.  When  I  arrived 
there  I  found  a  very  pretty  place  situated  on  a  hill, 
the  grounds  of  which  are  laid  out  very  tastefully,  and 
well  kept  up.  The  object  of  my  visit,  however,  was 
to  see  the  Chrysanlhemums,  and  I  was  most  gratified 
at  what  I  saw,  Mr.  Harris,  Mr.  Caldecott's  gar- 
dener, deserves  high  praise,  both  for  the  judicious 
selection  as  well  as  for  the  excellent  cultivation  and 
general  condition  of  bis  plants.  He  is  well  to  the 
fore  also  in  new  varieties,  incurved  and  Japanese, 
whilst  at  the  same  time  not  forgetting  the  older  but 
not  less  beautiful  kinds.  There  were  certainly  some 
hundreds  of  plants  in  full  bloom  in  the  finest  con- 
dition when  I  was  there,  all  showing  that  Mr.  Harris 
would  be  a  formidable  competitor  at  any  show,  some 
of  his  blooms  being  quite  equal  to  many  of  the  prize- 
winners at  the  Crystal  Palace  or  Aquarium.  I  may 
also  mention  that  the  Chrysanthemum  does  not 
absorb  all  Mr.  Harris'  care,  for  he  is  a  good 
all-round  man,  his  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. 
Grapes,  &c.,  being  most  excellent.  J.  ]Vrij^ht,  Middle 
TemJ'le  Gardens, 

Gaultheria  procumbens. — I  do  not  knowwhether 
this  plant  has  ever  been  suggested  as  an  edging  for  a 
border,  I  tried  a  year  ago  at  Oakwood  round  a  bed 
containing  principally  deciduons  plants  and  now  at 
this  dead  season  the  bright  red  berries  and  glossy  green 
leaves  have  a  very  pretty  effect  ;  I  was  struck  by  the 
frost-resisting  power  of  a  Veronica  with  narrow  leaves 
and  white  flowers,  which  I  have  as  V.  salicifolia,  but 
which  a  good  authority  tells  me  is  wrongly  named. 
The  thermometer  at  Oakwood  last  night  went  down 
to  23°  P'ahr.,  yet  I  could  cut  sprays  from  plants  in  full 
exposure,  perfectly  untouched.  The  narrow  leaves 
and  feathery  white  flowers  made  a  useful  addition  lo  a 
table  nosegay  chiefly  consisting  of  Pernettyas  with 
different  coloured  berries  and  the  open  seed-pods  of 
Iris  foetidissima,  both  very  pretty  but  rather  solid. 
Georf^e  F.  \\  ikon. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL: 
Tuesday,    Dec.  7. 

The  small  meeting,  terminating  the  public  doings  of 
this  Society  in  1S86,  look  place  in  a  room  of  the 
Albert  Hall,  on  the  date  given. 

But  few  objects  of  any  kind  greeted  the  visitor, 
but  amongst  the  few  were  some  excellent  examples  of 
Pine-apples,  a  few  Orchids,  Aroids,  Chrysanthemums, 
and  winter  flowering  Carnations. 

Scientific  Committee. 

Present  :  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters,  F.R.S.,  in  the  chair ; 
Mr.  W.  G.  Smith,  M.  G.  Maw,  Professor  Church, 
Mr.  O'Brien,  Mr.  Bennett,  Mr.  Michael,  Mr.  G.  F. 
Wilson,  Mr.  McLachlan,  Hon.  and  Rev.  'T.BoscaweD, 
and  Rev.  G.  Henslow. 

Veronica  salicifolia. 
Mr.  Wilson  exhibited  sprays  from  this  New  Zealand 
species  grown  at  Wisley  which  had  perfectly  with- 
stood a  temperature  of  15°  in  exposed  situations.  He 
described  it  as  seeding  itself  very  freely.  Choisya 
tetnata  was,  however,  cut  by  the  same  degree  of  cold, 

Jasminum  odoratissimum. 
A  yellow  species,  exhibited  by  Mr.  O'Brien,  is  said 
to  be  a  native  of  Madeira;  but  being  of  an  Indian 
type,  it  was  suggested  by  him,  and  corroborated  by 
Mr.  Maw,  that  it  had  been  introduced  there.  He 
also  exhibited  flowers  of  Coryanthes  speciosus  var., 
from  Major  Lendy;  Maxillaria  cucullata,  and  a  Pleuro- 
thallis,  suggested  by  Mr,  Ridley  to  be  near  P. 
ophicephala. 

Masdevallia  with  LARV/E. 
Mr.  O'Brien  also  exhibited  specimens  of  a  species 
of  Masdevallia  attacked  by  the  larva  of  some  Noctua. 

XiPHION    EETICULATUM,    DISEASED. 

Mr.  Maw  showed  specimens  which  were  referred 
to  Mr.  Murray  for  examination  and  report. 

Narcissus,  Photographs  of. 

Mr.  George  Maw  exhibited  photographs  of  living 

Narcissi  made  in  the  Riviera  in  1870.     He  afterwards 


gave  a  short  account  of  the  North  African  and  South 
Spanish  Narcissi  observed  by  him  in  a  journey  made 
lately  thither.  N.  papyraceus  extends  as  far  as  Fez  in 
Morocco,  south  of  which  N.  sub-Broussoneti  takes  its 
place,  extending  from  Safli  to  Mogadon  Allusion 
was  made  to  the  smallest  of  the  white  forms  of  N. 
Tarzetta  in  the  island  of  Teneriffe.  Of  the  autumnal 
species  reference  was  made  to  N.  viiidiflorus,  which 
had  been  lost  sight  of  for  half  a  century,  but  which 
Mr.  Maw  rediscovered  in  1883  in  the  neighbouihood 
of  Gibraltar,  and  again  lately  near  Tangier.  A 
hybrid  between  N.  viridiflorus  and  N.  serotinus 
was  found  by  him  near  Gibraltar,  and  a  series 
of  hybrids  between  N.  viridiflorus  and  N.  elegans 
were  got  in  North  Morocco.  Mr.  Maw  observed 
that  N.  serotinus  was  limited  to  the  South  of  Spain, 
and  N.  elegans  to  the  Morocco  coast  ;  the  latter 
plant  bearing  true  leaves.  The  N.  viridiflorus  and 
N.  serotinus  he  considers  leafless,  the  scape  appearing 
without  leaves,  and  what  seem  leaf-organs  he  assumes 
are  flowerless  scapes.  Mr.  Maw  also  referred  to 
the  abundance  of  a  small  Amaryllid,  Tapeinanthus 
humilis,  Herbert  (  =  Pancratium  humile,  Cav.).  about 
8  miles  south  of  Tangier,  and  which  he  c<-llccled 
both  in  flower  and  fruit. 

PARMtLIA   ESCULENTA.        (SeeFiG.    150) 

Mr.  Maw  showed  specimens  of  this  so  called 
"Manna,"  an  edible  lichen  found  in  little  rounded 
masses  on  the  surface  of  the  soil  and  obtained  from 
the  country  about  loo  miles  south  of  Algiers. 


Araucaria  excelsa. 

Mr.  Maw  exhibited  leaves  attacked  by  a  form  of 
mealy-bug,  which  first  appeared  io  consequence  of 
Ihe  heat  and  moisture  on  board  ship  on  the  voyage 
from  Bombay. 

A  vole  of  thanks  was  given  to  Mr.  Maw  for  his 
interesting  communications. 


Fig.  ISO.— parmelia  escl-lhnta  (the  eouile  lichen). 


Early  Linen  Paper. 
Professor  Church  exhibited  specimens  of  the  earliest 
known  linen  paper  made  in  Europe.  It  was  a 
portion  of  an  episcopal  register  of  1273,  from 
Auvergne  ;  another,  dated  1289,  consisted  of  entries 
of  revenues,  in  which  some  of  the  original  rag  could 
be  delected.  It  consisted  of  six  strands  of  warp,  and 
six  of  woof.  The  size  used  was  entirely  starch, 
which  appeared  to  be  from  Wheat.  The  earliest 
authentic  linen  hitherto  known  is  from  a  memoran- 
dum of  the  fourteenth  century,  now  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  Moors  are  said  to  have  made  linen 
paper  in  the  thirteenth  century,  all  earlier  paper  being 
made  of  cotton. 

Variegated  Foliage. 
Professor  Church  described  some  analyses  he  had 
made  of  Oak  foliage,  taken  from  a  tree  at  Kew 
Gardens,  which  bore  one  albino  branch,  about 
20  feet  from  the  ground.  A  full  account  will  be 
found  in  the  December  number  of  the  Journal  of 
the  Chemical  Sodcly,  1S86.  The  following  is  the 
analysis  : — 


Albino 
Foliage. 

Often 
Foliage. 

Water       .. 
Organic  matter  . , 
Ash 

73 

2t 

58 
40 
1.6 

Potash     . . 

50 

59 

Phosphoric  acid  (sam 

Lime 

Manganese 

e  in  both) 

8.=s 

24  S 

3.  ,6 

SeaKALE    with    SCLEROTIA. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Soiiih  exhibited  specimens  in  which 
large  oval  black  bodies  were  attached  to  the  stems. 
The  fungus  to  which  they  belonged  could  cot  be 
determined  from  them  in  that  condition. 

Prehistoric  Wheat. 
He  also  read  a  communication  upon  and  exhibited 
several  specimens  of  carbonised  Wheat  from  Salis- 
bury and  ehewhere,  to  show  the  comparalive  sizes  of 
these  ancient  grasses  and  of  aveiage  English  Wheat  ; 
while  those  regarded  as  Romano-British  appeared  to 
be  somewhat  smaller,  others  were  quite  equal  in  size 
to  living  kinds,  as  also  are  those  derived  from  the 
tombs  of  Thebes  in  Egypt.  [We  shall  shortly  give  an 
illustration  of  this.  Ed.] 

Fuchsia  with  Petaliferous  Sepals. 
Mr.  Henslow  exhibited  a  specimen  cf  a  semi- 
double  Fuchsia  remarkable  for  its  thick  red  sepals 
bearing  small  dark  purple  petals  at  their  very  apex. 
He  suggested  as  an  interpretation  of  this  unusual 
occurrence,  that  the  6bro-vascular  cord  of  the  petals 
had  become  fused  with  the  midrib  of  the  sepal,  so 
that  instead  of  the  petal  being  produced  at  the  normal 
position  it  had  become  carried  up,  somewhat  as  are 
the  anthers  in  Primroses,  the  Blaments  of  which,  or 
rather  iheir  vascuhr  cords,  are  combined  with  ihose 
of  the  petals  to  which  they  adhere,  and  are  superposed. 


He  found  starch,  but  no  dextrine  in  the  green  spots 
on  the  variegated  leaves  ;  but  erythro  dextrine  in  the 
white  parts,  probably  derived  from  the  green  by 
migiatioD. 


Floral  Committee. 
Present :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  F.R.S  ,  in  the  chair; 
and  Messrs.  W.  Wilks,  J.  Laing,  H.  Herbst,  H.  Ben- 
nett, T.  BaineF,  R.  Dean.  J.  Walker,  J.  Hudson,  W. 
Holmes,  H.  Cannell,  G.  Dufifield,  C.  Noble,  H. 
Ballantine,  W.  B.  Kellock,  J.  Djminy,  H.  M.  Pul- 
lett.  Major  Lendy.  E.  Hill,  H.  Turner,  J.  O'Brien, 
H.  Low,  J.  Djuglas,  and  G.  Paul. 

The  pretty  dwarf  white  Narcissus  monophyllus  was 
shown  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  ;  the  neat  habit  and  beautiful, 
almost  translucent  flowers  make  this  rare  bulb  a 
desirable  subject  for  the  winter  flora.  Other  plants 
shown  from  the  Tottenham  Nursery  were  an  improved 
form  of  Helleborus  niger,  maximus  with  an  abundance 
of  flowers,  white  interiorly  and  pinkish  on  the  reverse  of 
the  sepals — its  chief  merit  lies  in  the  larger  blooms  and 
their  prolusion  ;  Primula  obconica,  in  bloom  ;  a  small 
piece  of  the  rare  Cypripedium  macranihum  bearing  one 
flower  ;  and  a  yellow  sport  from  Chrysanthemum  Ethel, 
named  Mrs.  H.  J.  Jones — it  has  straight  flat  broad 
florets,  and  is  of  a  c'ear  yellow  hue. 

Mr.  G.  Stevens,  St.  Jolin's  Nursery,  Putney,  exhibited 
a  salmon  and  yellow  Japanese  Chrysanthemum,  Carew 
Underwood,  that  has  in  it  the  makmg  of  a  flower  of  some 
merit. 

Another  Chrysanthemum,  this  time  from  Guernsey, 
named  Governor  of  Guernsfy,  was  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
C.  Smith  &  Son,  Caledonian  Nursery,  Guernsey  ;  it  was 
of  a  fine  yellow  colour,  and  belonged  to  the  incurved 
section. 

Mr.  G.  F.  Wilson  showed  a  flower-spike  of  Veronica 
angustifolia,  which  having  withstood  \^  of  cold  in  an 
exposed  spot  at  Wisley,  was  held  by  him  to  be  a  plant 
of  mark.  How  it  would  behave  with  a  greater  degree 
of  cold  is  a  matter  for  further  proof.  The  flowers  are 
white,  and  the  habit  of  the  plant  and  size  of  the  foliage 
is  slender. 

A  solitary  cut  bloom  of  Amaryllis  equestris,  with  crim. 
son  petals,  the  throat  being  green-coloured  for  half  its 
depth,  came  from  Mr.  AV.  Smythc,  gr.  at  Basing 
Park,  Alton. 

Mr.  Hans  Niemand,  of  the  Royal  Nursery,  Harbottle 
Road,  Birmingham,  exhibited  Poinsettia  pulcherrinia 
variegata,  the  claim  to  merit  lying  in  the  creamy-white 
blotched  foliage. 

A  plant  of  Cypripedium  callosum  in  bloom  was  sliown 
by  Mr.  W.  Bull,  New  Plant  Nursery.  King's  Road  ; 
the  flower  was  large  and  well  developed,  showing  the 
bold  distinct  markings  of  the  various  parts  to  perfection. 
The  dorsal  sepal  is  the  finest  feature,  it  being  broadly 
marked  with  deep  purple  radiating  lines,  and  the  upper 
margin  ornamented  by  a  white  margin  of  half  an  inch 
in  width. 

Mr.  F.  |.  Paul,  gr.  to  J.  C.  Bowring,  Esq.,  Forest 
Farm,  Windsor,  showed  a  seedling  Cypripedium  x  C. 
villosum  and  insigne  intermedium.  It  did  not  appear 
to  possess  sufficient  distinctness  to  be  of  much  interest, 
the  flowers  being  precisely  those  of  insigne.  The  habit  is 
dwarf,  and  the  flowers  are  much  varnished  in  appearance. 
From  that  rising  garden,  Studley  House,  Hammer- 
smith, Mr.  J.  C.  Cowley,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  sent 
Anthurium  Tautzianum  ?,  another  plant  wanting  in  dis- 
tinctiveness from  existing  varieties  ;  and  Spathoglottis 
Augustorum,  a  plant  bearing  a  few  pale  mauve  CaUnthe- 
like  blooms  on  a  long  flower-stalk. 

A  handsome  Nerine,  supposed  to  be  x  corusca  major 
and  flexuosa,  came  from  Mr.  E.  Peters,  gr.  to  J.  L. 
Mansell,  2,  Somerset  Terrace,  Guernsey.  The  large 
cyme  is  composed  of  flowers  of  a  rosy-crimson  colour. 

The  gr.  to  C.  J.  Partington,  Esq.,  Mr.  B.  Seariage, 
Heaton  House,  Ctieshunt,  contributed  a  very  fine  Odon- 
toglossum  crispum,  the  spike  being  of  an  extraordinary 
size,  and  the  flowers  the  pink  of  perfection. 

Mr.  H.  Heims,  gr.  to  F.  A.  Philbrick,  Esq.,  Oldfield, 
Bickley,  exhibited  La;lia  anceps  virginalis  bearing  two 
flowers  of  the  pm-est  white,  and  of  evidently  great  sub 
stance,  promising  long  endurance  either  cut  or  on  the 
plant.  This  is  doubtless  the  most  entirely  white  variety 
of  L.  anceps  in  existence, 


Decemder  II,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


759 


Mr.  E.  Marzin,  East  Field  Nursery,  Mitcham,  showed 
the  yellow  Chrysanihemum  Mrs.  N.  Davis,  an  incurved 
variety. 

Some  excellent  heads  o(  bloom  of  zonal  Pelargoniums 
were  shown  by  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Home  of 
Flowers,  Swanley.  and  were  so  fine  for  the  season  as  to 
secure  a  Cultural  Commendation. 

A  very  strong  growing  Calla  aslhiopica  was  shown  by 
Mr.  J.  King.  Rowsham.  .'\ylesbury  ;  a  fine  crimson 
Primula  sinensis.  Lord  Wolseley,  coming  from  the  same 
place. 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden,  had  a 
hamperlul  of  winter-flowering  Carnations,  consisting  of 
most  of  the  most  admired  kinds. 


Fruit  Committee, 


Present  :  H.  J.  VeiSch,  in  the  chair ;  and  Mes:rf. 
T.  Burnett,  W.  Warren,  J  Woodbridge,  G.  T. 
Miles,  S.  Fold,  Harrison  Weir,  J.  Smith,  T.  li. 
Heywood,  F.  Mason,  G.  Norman,  C.  Ross,  F.  Rut- 
land, W.  Denning,  R.  D.  Blackmore,  W.  Paul,  R. 
Hogg,  G.  Bunyard,  P.  Crowley. 

.\n  apparently  fine  robust  Celery,  Veitch's  Standard 
Bdarer,  was  exhibited  bv  Mr.  W.  R.  Strong,  gr.,  VVel. 
lington  College  :  it  was  insufficiently  blanched. 

Mr.  J.  Harris,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Vivian,  Singleton,  .Swansea, 
showed  six  Pine-apples  of  the  Charlotte  Rothschild  and 
Smooth  Cayenne  kinds  ;  these  were  of  good  finish 
and  size,  but  were  much  excelled  by  lliree  fruits  of 
the  latter  kind  from  Mr.  T.  Coomber,  of  the  Hendre 
Gardens,  Monmouthshire. 

Seedling  Apples  were  shown  by  several  persons,  but 
which  the  committee  failed  to  prove  were  worthy  of 
retention.  

THE    LINNEAN   SOCIETY  :    Dec.  2. 

Ceylon  Plants.  —  As  a  chapter  in  the  history 
of  East  Indian  botany,  Dr.  Henry  Trimen  gave 
a  paper  at  the  Linnean  Society  meeting,  on  (he 
above  date,  entitled  **  Hermann's  Ceylon  Her- 
barium and  Linnseus'  Flora  Zeylanica."  The  col- 
lection of  dried  plants  and  the  drawings  of  living 
ones  made  in  Ceylon  by  Paul  Hermann  in  the  later 
half  of  the  seventeenth  century  possess  a  special 
interest  as  being  the  first  important  instalment  of 
material  towards  a  knowledge  of  the  botany  of  the 
East  Indies  ;  but  Hermann  himself,  who  died  in 
1695,  published  very  little  of  this  material.  Some  of 
his  MSS.  were  subsequently  printed  by  W.  Sherard, 
including  a  catalogue  of  the  herbarium  as  then  exist- 
ing, under  the  title  of  Museum  Zeylanicuiii  (1717). 
This  herbarium  was  lost  sight  of  till  1744  when  it  was 
recognised  by  Linnaeus  in  a  collection  sent  to  him 
from  Copenhagen.  After  two  years  work  at  it,  Lin- 
naeus produced  in  1747  his  Flora  Zeylanica,  in  which 
all  the  plants  that  he  could  determine  are  arranged 
und(.4:  his  genera.  At  that  date  Linnaeus  had  not 
initiated  his  binomial  system  of  nomenclature, 
but  in  his  subsequent  systematic  works  he 
quoted  the  members  of  the  Flora  Zcylatii:a, 
and  thus  Hermann's  specimens  became  the  types  of  a 
number  of  Linnaeus'  species,  for  the  most  part  addi- 
tional to  those  in  his  own  herbarium  now  in  the 
possession  of  the  Linnean  Society.  Hermann's  her- 
barium is  now  in  the  botanical  department  of  the 
British  Museum,  having  been  purchased  by  Sir  )o;eph 
Banks,  from  Piofessor  Treschow,  of  Copenhagen  ; 
the  specimens  are  in  very  Bne  preservation,  but  some 
were  originally  scanty  or  imperfect.  The  paper  con- 
sists of  the  results  of  a  critical  examination  of  the 
whole  of  the  collection,  and  a  catalogue  is  given  of 
all  the  Flora  Zeylanica  species  as  named  by  Linn.-eui:, 
along  with  the  determinations  of  Hermann's  species 
of  each  as  now  identified.  Not  a  few  difificulties. 
ambiguities,  and  misapprehensions  of  LinnKus' 
species  have  been  thus  recovered  and  cleared  up,  and 
the  most  important  of  these  are  discussed  in  a  series 
of  short,  critical  notes  which  form  the  conclusion  of 
the  paper, 

NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM  :  Dec.  8. 

A  MEETING  of  the  Floral  Committee  of  this  Society 
took  place  at  the  Royal  Aquarium  on  Wednesday, 
and  considering  the  lateness  of  the  season,  a  good 
number  of  Chrysanthemums  were  staged.  Only  one 
First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded — to 
lapanese  White  Ceres,  so  named  because  it  is  con- 
sidered to  be  a  sport  from  the  old  type  under  that 
name:  a  Bower  of  a  delicate  blush  tint,  but  so  dif- 
ferent in  build  are  the  flowers  that  it  seems  scarcely 
possible  that  one  can  be  a  sport  from  the  other.  Mr. 
N.  Davis  stated  that  he  had  always  bad  the  blush  form 
and  in  the  name  of  Ceres  ;  others  said  they  had  the 
while  one  ;  but  the  balance  of  opinion  inclined  to  the 
opinion  that  the  two  were  essentially  distinct,  and  it 
was  thought  best  to  name  it  White  Ceres. 

A  dozen  grand  flowers  were  shown  by  Mr.  Beckett, 
Aldenham  Park  Gardens,  Elstree,  large,  full,  reflexed, 
broad  petalled,  pure  white  flowers  of  great  beauty. 
Some  blooms  of  the  delicate  pink  form  were  also 
shown.  Mr.  Beckett  also  had  Japanese  Prince  Leo- 
pold,  the  Sowers  reBexed,  the  bases  cinnamon  and 
gold,  the  centre  golden  amber :  a  little  confused,  and 


scarcely  up  to  exhibition  form,  but  promising.  (Com- 
mended.) Also  a  singular  looking  pompon,  named 
Kyrle  Bellew,  orange-brown,  thread-like  petals,  the 
reverie  golden-buft. 

From  Mr.  E.  0»en,  nurseryman,  Maidenhead, 
came  a  number  of  good  blooms,  which,  however,  re- 
ceived no  award. 

To  a  collection  of  cut  blooms  from  Mr.  Beckett  a 
vote  of  thanks  was  awarded. 

0;her  exhibits  came  from  Mr.  Smith,  Caledonian 
Nursery,  Guernsey ;  Mr.  Bittesworth,  Cheshunt ; 
Messrs.  Henry  Cannell  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Swanley  ; 
Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham, 
who  had  Mrs.  H.  J.  Jones,  a  golden  sport  from 
Eihel,  valuable  on  account  of  its  late  blooming  ;  Mr. 
G.  Stevens,  St,  John's  Nursery,  Putney. 


ROYAL  CALEDONIAN   HORTICUL- 
TURAL. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  Society  was  held  in 
Edinburgh  on  the  3d  insl.,  Mr.  John  Downie  pre- 
siding. After  the  usual  preliminary  business,  the 
Treasurer  read  a  statement  of  the  finances  of  the 
Society  for  the  past  year,  which  showed  that  the  re- 
ceipts amounted  to  ,^1 140  14J.  11,/.,  and  the  payments 
to  {,1101  \s.  zd.,  showing  a  balance  in  favour  of  the 
Society  of  439  13^.  c)d.  on  the  year's  transactions.  The 
total  funds  of  the  Society  amounted  to  £1037  17J.  \oJ., 
being  an  increase  of  ,{^35  os.  2d.  during  the  past  year. 
The  accounts  submitted  having  been  duly  audited  by 
A.  Davidson  Smith,  chartered  accountant,  were  un- 
animously approved.  The  Marquis  of  Lothian  was 
re-elected  President ;  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  Earl  of 
Stair,  and  Eirl  of  Rosebery,  were  re-elected  Vice- 
Presidents,  and  Sir  Thomas  Clark,  Bart.,  Lord  Provost 
of  Edinburgh,  was  elected  in  room  of  one  retiring. 
Messrs.  Alexander  Milne  (Messrs.  Dickson  &  Sons, 
nurserymen),  and  John  Patersnn,  gr.,  Millbank,  were 
elected  councillors  in  the  place  of  two  retiring  by 
rotation.  The  Secretary,  John  Stewart,  Esq.,  W.S.  ; 
Treasurer.  P.  Neill  Eraser,  Esq.,  Rockville  ;  and  the 
auditor,  J.  D.  Smith,  Esq.,  C.A.,  were  duly  con- 
firmed in  their  respective  offices.  The  Secretary  then 
intimated  that  it  had  been  arranged  between  the 
council  of  the  Society  and  the  National  Rose  Society 
of  England  to  hold  a  grand  Rose  show  in  connection 
with  the  usual  summer  show  which  is  to  be  held  on 
July  13,  1887,  in  the  Waverley  Market,  when  it  is 
expected  that  the  leading  growers  oi  Roses  in  the 
United  Kingdom  will  send  contributions  and  compete 
in  the  open  classes.  Gold  and  silver  cups  are  to  be 
awarded  in  the  leading  Rose  competitions,  and  the 
Council  have  already  received  intimation  from  several 
gentlemen  of  their  intention  to  present  each  a  cup. 
From  the  fact  that  the  National  Rose  Society  is  the 
most  important  society  of  the  kind  in  this  country, 
and  that  this  is  the  first  show  under  its  auspices  held 
in  Scotland,  it  is  sure  to  cause  a  considerable  stir  in 
the  horticultural  world,  and  be  one  of  the  great 
attractions  at  Edinburgh  during  the  Jubilee  Year. 
Scotsman, 


ABERDEEN    CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SHOW. 

The  annual  winter  show  of  Chrysanthemums,  held 
under  the  auspices  of  the  North  of  Scotland  Horti- 
cultural Society,  was  opened  in  the  Music  Hall 
Buildings,  Aberdeen,  on  Friday,  the  3d  inst.,  and 
continued  until  Saturday  evening,  the  4th  inst.  This 
is  the  fourth  display  of  the  kind  which  has  been 
promoted  by  the  Society.  This  year  the  show  was  in 
many  respects  superior  to  any  of  its  predecessors. 
Compared  with  last  year's  exhibition  the  entries  were 
much  about  the  same,  but  there  was  a  decided  im- 
provement in  the  quality  of  the  exhibits,  indicating 
that  advances  are  being  made  in  the  eultivation  of 
this  Sower  in  Aberdeenshire.  The  past  season  has 
been  regarded  as  being  very  favourable  for  the  grow- 
ing of  Chrysanthemums,  with  the  consequence  that 
the  exhibition  of  Friday  and  Saturday  was  more 
satisfactory  than  was  the  case  last  year.  The  dis- 
tinguishing feature  of  the  collection  was  the  cut  blooms, 
of  which  there  were  some  exceptionally  fine  specimens 
brought  forward  ;  and  there  was  also  shown  a  number 
of  Primulas  and  Ferns  which  reSected  great  credit  on 
the  growers.  Japanese  varieties  of  Chrysanthemums 
were  exceptionally  good,  while  Chrysanthemum 
bouquets  have  never  been  shown  here  in  greater 
numbers,  or  in  better  bloom. 

Pot  plants  were  few  in  number,  and  this  was  said 
to  be  due  to  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  many 
intending  exhibitors  having  decided  not  to  forward 
their  specimens,  in  case  they  might  get  nipped  with 
the  frost.  Mr.  Ogg,  Morken,  had  an  easy  1st  in 
most  of  the  classes  lor  professional  gardeners,  while 
Mr.  A.  Grigor,  Fairfield  ;  Mr.  W.  Scorgie,  Forester 
Hill;  and  Mr.  R. Grigor, Sunnybank,  gaveagood  account 
of  themselves.  In  the  amateur  classes  Mr.  James 
Minty,  Mr.  A.  Gillespie,  and  Mr.  J.  R.  Whyte,  all 
of  Aberdeen,  shared  the  principal  honours. 

Mr,  Ogg,  Morken,  sent  for  exhibition  a  capital  lot 


of  Primulas.  A  very  creditable  box  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums was  also,  for  the  same  purpose,  sent  by  Mr. 
Peter  Harper,  Duthie  Public  Park,  Aberdeen  ;  and 
another  box  of  the  same  Sower,  which  was  de- 
servedly very  highly  commended,  was  sent  by  Mr. 
M'Leod,  Ardmiddle. 

Messrs.  W.  Smith  &  Son,  nurserymen.  Aberdeen, 
sent  for  exhibition  a  stand  of  Draccenas,  Palms,  &■:. 

Ferns,  in  both  the  professional  and  amateur  classes, 
were  as  creditable  a  display  as  could  be  looked  fur. 


BANBURY  SHOW. 


At  the  Exchange  Hall  a  good  show  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums and  other  autumn  flowers  took  place  on 
the  24th  ult.,  groups,  pot  plants,  and  cut  flowers 
being  of  considerable  merit.  Fruit  was  likewise  in 
abundance  ;  but  Onions  of  various  kinds,  which  have 
become  special  subjects  of  cultivation  at  Banbury, 
were  of  extraordinary  quality  and  weight. 

The  1st  prize  (or  the  best  twelve  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  Neal,  Barapton,  for  a  dozen  extraordinary  bulbs 
of  the  Anglo  White  Spanish  variety,  scaling  16}  lb.; 
Mr.  Djhetty,  gr.  at  Wroxton  Abbey,  being  awarded 
2d  honours,  for  twelve  of  the  famous  Rousham  Park 
Hero. 

For  the  best  six,  Mr.  Wingrove  carried  all  before 
him,  with  marvellous  bulbs  of  the  Rousham  Park 
Hero,  weighing  SJ  lb.;  Mr.  Slarke,  gr.  to  the  Eiil 
of  Ellesmere,  being  awarded  the  2j  prize,  for  Anglo 
White  Spanish,  weighing  7J  lb. 

Mr.  Deverill,  of  the  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Banbury, 
staged  a  grand  collection  of  his  new  Onions,  not  lor 
competition,  including  the  Jubilee  and  the  Ailsa 
Craig,  both  distinct,  and  of  fine  shape  and  quality, 


SMITHFIELD    CLUB    SHOW. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  this  Club  has  come  to  be 
regarded  by  Londoners  and  their  country  cousins  as 
being  of  as  certain  recurrence  as  the  Lord  Mayor's 
Show  or  a  Bank  Holiday. 

The  present  show  at  Islington  exhibits  all  the 
various  items  that  have  for  years  appeared  there, 
serving  to  mark  the  progress  mide  in  agriculture  ;  and 
for  the  delectation  of  the  general  public  ;  the  same 
fat  oxen,  pigs,  and  sheep  inside  the  building,  to  be 
rivalled  on  the  other  side  of  the  way  by  still  fatter 
specimens  of  humanity  in  the  show  booths. 

The  great  seed  establishments  of  Messrs.  Carter 
&  Co.,  Sutton  &  Sons,  Webb  &  Son,  Harrison  & 
Son,  Raynbird,  Caldecott  &  Co.,  and  several  more, 
exhibited  roots  of  all  kinds,  growing  grasses,  cereals, 
seeds,  both  farm  and  garden,  and  the  other  different 
articles  that  go  to  make  an  exhibition  on  a  large 
scale. 

Roots  were  particularly  fine  and  clean,  especially 
Mangel  Wurzel,  Swedes,  and  Belgian  Carrots. 

The  novelty  of  the  season,  seen  in  the  stands  of 
Messrs.  Caiter  &  Co.,  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  and 
Webb  &  Sons,  was  home-grown  Tobacco,  in  leaf,  as 
cured,  and  also  cut  up  ready  for  smoking.  If  the 
flavour  of  the  weed  should  equal  its  excellent  appear- 
ance, the  successful  cultivation  of  the  plant  in  this 
country  has  become  an  accomplished  fact. 

The  Commissioners  to  the  late  Colonial  Exhibition 
had  a  stand  artistically  got  up  with  cereals  and  prairie 
grasses,  exhibiting  the  varied  productions  of  the  farm 
and  garden  in  the  north-west  province  of  Canada. 
Amongst  these  were  Potatos  of  this  season's  growth, 
the  kinds  being  such  as  are  well  known  here,  but 
which  had  grown  to  such  large  proportions  as  to  be 
hardly  recognisable. 

Mr.  Kerr,  of  Dumfries,  showed  an  extensive  collec- 
tion of  Potatos  suited  to  Scotland— very  fair,  usable 
tubers. 

The  Horticultural  and  Agricultural  Company  made 
a  fine  display  with  roots,  cake,  and  meal,  for  feeding 
stock,  artificial  manures,  &c. 

Ensilage  was  in  abundance,  the  peculiar  pungent 
odour  of  the  stuff  forcing  one's  attention  to  it. 


PrUIT      l^EQIgTER. 


KAISHA    APRICOT. 

A  Syrian  variety,  introduced  into  this  country  in 
1S42  by  Messrs.  Veitch,  then  of  Exeter.  The  fruit 
is  of  excellent  quality,  medium  size,  slightly  downy, 
pale  yellow,  passing  into  dull  orange,  reddish  on  the 
exposed  side.  Flesh  yellow,  translucent,  sugary, 
perfumed.  A  coloured  figure  is  given  in  the  last 
number  of  the  Bulklin  if  Arboriculture, 

American  Apples  versus  British  Grown. 

Are  American  Apples  superior  or  not  to  those  pro- 
duced in  our  own  country  ?  I  think  it  is  generally 
believed  that  the  Americans  are  ahead  of  us  in  Apple 
culture,  but  I  would  like  to  have  the  statement  verified 
or  not  by  those  competent  to  judge.  A,  D,  W, 


76o 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


i[December  II,  1886, 


^C  0  TX.A  f><D. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHOW  OF  THE  SCOTTISH 
HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 

The  Scottish  Horticultural  Association  opened  the 
first  show  that  has  been  held  under  its  auspices  on 
the  7lh  inst.,  in  Dowell's  Rooms,  Edinburgh.  It 
was  opened  by  the  Lord  Provost,  Sir  James  Clark, 
Barf.,  who,  in  an  appreciative  speech,  showed  that  he 
knew  and  admired  the  Chrysanthemum,  and  thanked 
the  Association  for  its  intelligent  enterprise  in  general 
in  the  interests  of  horticulture,  and  particularly  for 
coming  forward  in  the  interests  of  gardeners  and  the 
public  on  this  occasion.  This  is  a  new  departure  for 
the  Scottish  Horticultural  Association,  whose  function 
is  rather  the  fostering  of  the  literary  than  the  ex- 
emplary agencies  that  tend  to  the  advancement  of 
horticulture  in  the  North.  But  it  has  been  forced 
upon  them  by  the  attitude  of  the  Royal  Caledonian 
Horticultural  Society.  That  Society,  considering 
that  it  had  lost  a  considerable  sum  by  its  Apple 
Congress  in  November  last  year — in  connection  with 
which  it  made  its  first  attempt  at  holding  a  Chry- 
santhemum show — decided  to  have  nothing  further 
to  do  with  Chrysanthemum  shows.  That  the 
Society  lost  money  by  that  venture  there  is  no 
doubt  J  but  that  it  was  due  to  the  Chrysanthemum 
element  that  was  thrown  into  it  for  the  first  two 
days  of  the  six  during  'which  it  lasted,  is  not  quite 
so  undoubted.  At  any  rate  the  Society  declined  to 
hold  a  Chrysanthemum  show  this  year,  notwithstand- 
ing urgent  appeals  to  do  so.  The  Scottish  Horticul- 
cultural  Association  was  approached  on  the  subject, 
only  six  weeks  ago,  by  local  and  distant  lovers  of  the 
Chrysanthemum,  and  the  Council  of  the  Association 
agreed  to  issue  a  schedule  at  once.  This  appeal  was 
responded  to  beyond  their  expectations  alike  in 
the  numbers  and  the  quality  of  the  exhibits  sent 
in.  Over  130  entries  were  received  and  many 
exhibits  were  declined  in  consequence  of  the  limited 
space  at  the  disposal  of  the  Council.  The  show 
considering  the  very  short  time  that  has  elapsed  since 
it  was  decided  upon,  may  be  pronounced  a  success, 
and  will,  we  hope,  lead  to  a  continuance  annually  of 
like  meetings  with  increasing  success — a  consum- 
mation which  will  be  assured  if  the  same  energy  is 
brought  to  bear  on  future  occasions  as  has  been 
exerted  on  this. 

Plants  were  numerous,  but  evidently  brought  for- 
ward without  any  preparation  for  exhibition  purposes. 
They  were  on  the  whole  well-bloomed,  but  in  the 
main  they  were  more  remarkable  for  the  numbers  than 
the  size  and  high  culture  of  the  Sowers. 

Plants. 
Following 'the  schedules,  the  best  six  pots,  large 
flowered  sorts,  came  from  Mr.  McHattie,  Newbattle, 
Dalkeith  ;  and  the  2d  prize  lot'from  Mr.  Cockburn, 
Coltbridge  Hall.  In  the  class  of  three  pots  of  large 
flowered  varieties,  Mr.  McHattie  again  took  the  lead, 
with  Mr.  D.  Jardine,  Ravelston,  a  good  2d.  In  single 
pots  of  the  same  class,  Mr,  J.  Cowan,  Dunedin 
House,  was  ist,  and  Mr,  D.  Jardine,  2d.  Six 
pompons  were  well  shown  by  Mr.  Foote,  Parson's 
Green,  who  had  no  competitor ;  three  pots  pompons 
were  competed  for  by  Mr.  J.  Cowan  and  Mr,  D. 
Jardine,  and  others.  The  gentlemen  named  took  the 
honours  in  their  order.  For  the  prize  offered  for  one 
pot  pompon  there  were  several  competitors,  the 
prizes  being  taken  by  Mr.  McHattie  and  Mr.  Dougall, 
Talbot  House,  respectively. 

Cut  Flowers 
There  was  a  considerable  display  of  these.  It  may  be 
remarked  that  some  little  confusion  appeared  to  have 
possessed  some  of  the  exhibitors  in  regard  to  the  defi- 
nitions Japanese  and  reflexed,  these  two  classes  being 
considerably  "mixed  "  in  nearly  every  stand  in  each  of 
the  two  classes.  The  ist  prize  in  the  class  of  twelve 
incurved  was  awarded  to  Mr.  McHattie,  his  stand 
including  enormous  and  well  finished  blooms  of 
Golden  Queen,  Mrs.  G.  Rundle,  and  Isabella  Eland. 
Mr.  Carruthers,  Hillwood,  Corstorphine,  made  a 
very  good  2d  with  a  much  more  equal  lot,  including 
beautiful  flowers  of  Lord  Alcester,  Golden  Empress, 
and  Mrs.  Dixon.  With  twelve  Japanese  blooms  Mr. 
Carruthers  was  an  easy  tst,  his  stand  comprising  very 
fine  samples  of  Criterion,  Marguerite  Marrouch, 
Source  d'Or,  Madame  Rendatler,  and  others ;  and 
was  followed  by  Mr.   McHattie,  with  a  very  good 


stand,  containing  a  few  enormous  flowers,  but  not 
equal  throughout,  which  had  no  doubt  decided  the 
judges  in  passing  over  the  merits  of  the  few  grand 
blooms  set  up  by  this  exhibitor. 

In  the  class  for  six  incurved  Mr.  Carruthers  again 
took  1st  prize,  and  Mr.  Durward  2d. 

Mr,  Rusbton,  Clerewood,  Corstorphine,  took  ist 
prize  in  the  class  of  twelve  reflexed  blooms,  with  a 
very  meritorious  lot ;  Mr.  J.  Carruthers  being  2d. 

Pompons  were  a  poor  show,  the  best  twelve  coming 
from  Mr.  J.  Durward. 

Of  bunches  of  six  blooms  in  three  sorts  there  was 
rather  a  large  display,  the  best  being  set  up  by  Mr. 
R.  Muirhead,  Edinburgh  ;  and  the  second  best  by 
Mr.  J.  Durward. 

Mr.  Muir,  gr.  to  Miss  Nesbit  Hamilton,  Beil,  was 
awarded  a  special  prize  for  an  exhibit  of  eighty-five 
varieties  of  Chrysanthemums,  set  up  in  excellent 
taste,  in  bunches  dressed  with  Maidenhair  Fern, 

Messrs.  Laird  &  Sons  exhibited  a  splendid  lot  of 
cut  blooms  of  Japanese  incurved  and  reflexed  varie- 
ties, and  also  a  very  attractive  selection  of  miscel- 
laneous blooms,  made  up  in  triangular  bouquets, 
dressed  with  Fern  in  a  tasteful  manner.  Messrs. 
Jas.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Inverleith  Nurseries,  Edin- 
burgh, had  a  very  excellent  collection  of  cut  blooms 
in  variety,  as  had  also  Mr.  Sinclair,  North  Berwick  ; 
and  Mr.  McFarlane,  Kingsburgh,  Prestonpans,  Mr. 
Robertson  Munro  exhibited  a  very  fine  wreath  in 
white  Chrysanthemums  which  attracted  general 
admiration. 

Messrs.  Dicksons  &  Co.  exhibited  a  few  special 
varieties  of  Apples,  such  as  they  can  recommend  for 
Scotch  growth,  including  Warner's  King,  Emperor 
Alexander  (the  latter  very  fine),  and  others  grown 
in  their  own  grounds.   Communicated. 

The  Weather  and  Flowers  in  Scotland. 

If  what  we  have  read  lately  in  some  Northern 
newspapers  of  the  extreme  mildness  of  the  season  and 
the  great  profusion  of  flowers  in  some  districts  widely 
apart  is  an  indication  of  absence  of  frost,  then  this 
season  hitherto  has  been  mild.  Here  in  a  central 
county,  abundance  of  flowers  firom  outside  may  be 
cut ;  Roses,  which  seem  to  have  done  extra  well  every- 
where this  season,  are  at  present  very  abundant,  en- 
abling us  to  cut  several  goodly  basketfuls  every  week, 
and  there  is  an  abundance  of  flower-buds  formed  and 
opening.  Old  G^n^ral  Jacqueminot  holds  his  own 
with  many  others  ;  on  two  small  plants  which  have 
flowered  freely  all  the  season  we  can  count  from  thirty 
to  forty  opening  flowers.  Gloire  de  Dijon  has  done 
better  on  open  borders  than  ever  we  saw  that  kind  in 
the  North ;  but  out  of  more  than  100  varieties, 
mostly  hybrid  perpetuals,  there  are  none  which  are 
entirely  without  opening  flowers.  Wallflowers  (sown 
last  April),  Stocks  (sown  fourteen  months  ago). 
Mignonette,  and  choice  Polyanthus,  are  the  sweet- 
scented  kinds  which  are  very  serviceable  at  present. 
Bedding  plants  such  as  Pelargoniums,  Calceolarias, 
Lobelias,  are  still  uninjured.  We  notice  some  single 
Dahlias  struggling  against  the  rains  (somewhat  copious) 
to  open  their  flowers,  Ampelopsis  Veitchii  is  still  in 
fine  condition  on  buildings  and  has  been  as  fine  in  the 
North  this  season  as  ever  we  saw  it  in  the  most 
favoured  parts  of  the  South.   Caltdonian. 


7ree3     and     ^H^UB3. 

THE    GOLDEN    LARCH. 

Some  time  since  we  published  a  page  illustration  of 
the  cones  and  catkins  (till  then  unknown)  of  the  very 
beautiful  and  singularly  interesting  Golden  Larch, 
Pseudo-Larix  Kxmpferi,  and  gave  a  summary  of  its 
history  (see  vol.  xxi.,  May  3,  1884,  p.  584).  Thanks 
to  the  courtesy  of  Messrs,  Rovelli,  of  Pallanza,  we 
were  enabled  to  complete  the  history  of  the  tree,  and 
vindicate  its  claims  to  be  included  in  a  separate 
genus.  Messrs.  Rovelli  have  [now  sent  uj  a  photo- 
graph of  their  parent  tree,  which  was  planted  about 
thirty  years  ago.  In  autumn  the  leaves,  which  closely 
resemble  those  of  the  Larch,  assume  a  brilliant  golden 
colour. 

The  tree  itself  is  about  15  metres  in  height  (49  feet), 
the  diameter  of  the  head  being  11  metres,  and  the 
girth  of  the  stem  i  m.  30.  This  is  much  the  largest 
tree  of  the  kind  that  we  know  of,  though  there  is,  or 
was,  a  large  specimen  in  the  nursery  of  the  Compagnie 
Continentale  at  Ghent,     We  mention  this  to  show 


that  the  tree  will  withstand  a  North  European  climate, 
and  is  not  restricted  to  the  favoured  climate  of  the 
Lago  Maggiore.  Messrs.  Rovelli  have  succeeded  in 
obtaining  a  large  quantity  of  well-ripened  seed,  which 
they  offer  at  moderate  rates. 

Seeding  of  Veronica  Traversii. 
It  may  interest  some  of  your  readers  to  know  that  a 
large  plant  of  Veronica  Traversii  in  this  neighbour- 
hood has  this  season  ripened  seed,  self-sown  seedlings 
being  now  to  be  seen  growing  up  aronnd  the  base  of 
the  parent  plant.  The  garden  in  which  this  Veronica 
is  growing  is  situated  on  high  ground  about  three 
miles  inland.  The  plant  occupies  no  sunny,  sheltered 
nook,  where  the  effects  of  cold  winds  are  tempered, 
but  stands  fully  exposed  to  the  severity  of  the  biting 
north  wind  that  blows  across  the  Tay  from  the  snow- 
clad  hills  of  Angus,  and  also  to  the  furious  north- 
easters that  sweep  in  from  the  North  Sea.  It  stood 
without  any  protection'  but  that  afforded  by  the  snow 
through  the  severe  frosts  of  last  winter,  when  the 
thermometer  ranged  as  low  as  io°  Fahr.;  and  this 
summer  it  did  not  seem  any  the  worse,  being  quite 
healthy  and  vigorous,  and  profusely  covered  with  its 
pretty  white  flowers.  It  is  a  plant  which  I  am  sure 
only  requires  to  be  better  known  to  ensure  it  being 
largely  used  as  a  hardy  ornamental  shrub.  J.  fVilson, 
jun..  Florist,  &•€.,  St.  Andrr.os,  N.B, 


;f!0L0NIAL     ]^0TE3. 


PEA  WILLIAM  HURST  IN  NEW  ZEALAND. 
In  August,  1884,  I  imported  from  London  i  quart 
of  this  Pea,  which  cost  me  8^.,  and  I  have  no  hesi- 
tation in  saying  that  it  was  the  best  investment  I 
ever  made  in  Peas,  even  including  Stratagem.  The 
way  it  races  McLean's  Little  Gem  is  a  treat  to  see, 
besides  lasting  longer  than  the  last  named  or  American 
Wonder.  Another  superior  property  it  has  is,  the 
pods  contain  seven,  eight,  and  nine  Peas  ;  and  it  is  a 
heavy  cropper.  I  could  have )  gathered  green  Peas 
from  it  eight  weeks  from  the  time  of  sowing  j  but,  of 
course,  my  object  was  stock.  It  is  also  said  here  by 
some  (but  of  this  I  have  not  yet  sufScient  evidence) 
that  even  the  birds  refuse  to  touch  it ;  if  this  turns  oat 
correct  it  is  indeed  a  wonderful  variety,  for  so  vora- 
cious are  they  here  that  they  positively  devour  and 
pull  up  young  plants  of  Mangel  Wurzel  and 
Turnips,  which  I  never  knew  them  to  do  in  England. 
Numbers  are  destroyed  every  year,  a  rate  being  levied 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  poisoned  grain,  and  so 
much  per  dozen  is  given  for  eggs.  Still  they  seem 
to  multiply  with  amazing  rapidity.  I  am  now  writing 
about  the  imported  small  European  birds,  which  by- 
the  bye,  I  sometimes  think  must  have  degenerated 
like  some  of  the  bipeds  after  they  have  crossed  the 
equator  southwards  into  things  other  than  their 
original  ;  although  it  must  be  conceded  they  (the 
latter)  left  behind  them  some  of  the  same  species  as 
faulty  commercially  as  themselves.  But  to  return  to 
the  text.  It  would  be  interesting  to  hear  the  ex- 
perience of  others  who  have  grown  this  Pea.  This 
earlier  property  ought  not  to  be  attributed  to  our 
climate  being  superior  for  Pea  growing,  for  although 
we  are  about  10°  nearer  the  sun  than  youin  England — 
our  position  here  being  42°  S.  lat. — yet  the  difference 
between  our  day  and  night  temperature — sometimes 
as  much  as  20°  and  30'  even  in  summer— seriously 
checks  the  growth  of  plants.  From  this  cause  we 
sometimes  experience  great  difEculty  with  the  ripen- 
ing of  sub-tropical  fruits  in  the  open  air;  even 
Tomatos  grumble  about  it  occasionally,  although  they 
do  not  object  to  our  hot  winds,  which  sometimes  push 
the  glass  (thermometer)  up  to  140°  Fahr.,  and  one 
day  last  summer  up  to  160°  in  the  sun.  All  things 
considered  this  must  be  a  very  early  variety  of  Pea. 
T.  Smith,  limaru,  N.Z. 

State  of  the  Apple  Crop  in  Canada. 
Mr.  G.  Gibb,  of  Abbotsford,  Province  of  Quebec, 
sends  us  the  following  note  on  this  subject  : — "You 
asked  me  when  in  London  in  August  last  to  let  you 
know  the  state  of  the  Apple  crop  in  this  part  of 
Canada.  Of  Apples  Duchess  Alexander  and  Russets 
have  borne  good  crops  of  fine  quality.  Fameuse,  St. 
Lawrence,  and  Apples  of  that  type  spoiled,  and  the 
widest  failure  throughout  the  different  parts  of  the 
province  that  we  have  had  for  many  years.  Our 
spring  was  uniisuoHy  early,  yet  fruits  like  St.  Lawrence 


December  ii,  1886,] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


761 


Apple  or  Flemish  Beauty  Pear,  which  usually  ripen 
the  first  week  in  September,  ripened  September  25 
to  30.  Hence  Grapes  (outdoor),  though  they  were 
good  and  eatable  in  some  places,  were  a  total  failure 
in  others." 


Variorum. 

John  Gould.  — We  extract  the  following  particulars 
relating  to  this  celebrated  ornithologist,  and  who  be- 
gan life  as  a  gardener,  from  the  second  volume  of  Mr. 
Roach  Smith's  ReirosJ>ections : — "  Mr.  John  Gould, 
one  of  the  celebrated  naturalists  of  the  age  now  pass- 
ing, when  first  I  knew  him,  was  a  journeyman  gar- 
dener, working  for  \2s.  a  week  ;  and  when  I  and  a 
friend  went  to  Windsor  to  see  a  bed  of  Tulips  in 
bloom,  young  Gould  accompanied  us  to  see  them, 
and  did  not  disdain  to  take  the  half-crown  offered 
him.  A  dozen  years  after,  meeting  him  at  a  Tulip 
sale  at  Hampton  Court,  he  referred  to  it.  The  cir- 
cumstance that  stt  him  up  in  the  world  was  this  : 
the  ostrich  at  Windsor  died,  and  the  young  gardeners 
stuffed  it,  and  placed  it  in  the  greenhouse  to  dry. 
George  the  Fourth,  walking  through,  drew  attention 
to  it,  thinking  it  to  be  living  ;  but  being  told  it  was 
a  dead  bird  stuffed  by  the  gardeners,  asked  to  see  one 
of  them.  Young  Gould  was  presented  to  the  King, 
and  after  answering  some  questions,  was  sharp  enough 
to  say,  *  May  I  put  on  my  card  Naturalist  to  your 
Majesty?'  The  request  was  granted  ;  and  this  was 
the  circumstance  that  started  him.  Half  a  century 
after,  he  left  behind  him  when  he  died,  between 
^^70,000  and  ^80,000." 

Remarkable  Coffins. — A  touching  circumstance 
in  connection  with  the  recent  funeral  of  Sir  John 
Harpur-Crewe,  Bart.,  is  told  by  one  of  his  tenants. 
The  shell  which  enclosed  his  body  was  made  from  a 
Cedar  tree  which  had  been  blown  down  in  the  park 
of  Caike  Abbey,  and  the  noble  Oak  coffin  from  an 
aged  Oak  tree  which,  like  its  owner,  had  also  fallen 
before  the  winter's  blast.  This  pathetic  incident 
reminds  us  of  the  late  Mr.  Lucombe,  founder  of  the 
Exeter  Nursery,  who,  in  rearing  seedling  Oaks  of 
Quercus  cerris  in  1762,  found  one  plant  which  kept 
its  leaves  on  during  the  winter.  From  this  plant  he 
propagated  thousands  by  grafiing,  and  soli  them  all 
over  the  kingdom  as  Qaercus  cerris  Lucombeana. 
When  the  original  tree  in  1782  had  attained  a  circum- 
ference of  3  feet,  Mr.  Lucombe,  being  then  far 
advanced  in  years,  had  it  cut  down  for  the  purpose  of 
having  his  coffii  made  out  of  it.  He,  however,  lived 
so  much  longer  than  he  anticipated,  that  several  years 
before  his  death  he  had  another  much  larger  and 
older  tree  cut  down  and  sawn  into  planks,  and  care- 
fully deposited  under  his  bed,  in  readiness  for  the 
above  purpose,  and  inside  those  planks,  over  which 
for  many  years  he  had  reposed,  he  was  at  last  put  to 
rest,  at  the  advanced  age  of  102  years.  The  Timber 
Journal,  October  9. 


Mr.  Edward  Pohlmann,  the  well  known 
Auricula  grower  and  cultivator,  of  Halifax,  died  at 
his  residence,  Parkinson  Lane,  in  that  town,  on 
November  27,  at  the  age  of  sixty-one  years.  It  will 
be  remembered  that  he  acted  as  one  of  the  judges  at 
the  National  Auricula  (Southern  Section)  Show  at 
South  Kensington  in  April  last. 

Mr.  Pohlmann  was  born  at  Halifax  in  the  year 
1825,  where  he  received  his  education,  and  afterwards 
learned  his  father's  business  of  a  piano  manufacturer. 

On  his  father's  retirement  the  business  was  trans- 
ferred to  his  two  sons,  William  Henry  and  Edward 
Pohlmann,  and  was  carried  on  by  them  (or  some 
years  under  the  title  of  Pohlmann  &  Son.  From  his 
early  years  Mr.  Edward  Pohlmann  was  attached  to 
flowers,  and  sought  relaxation  from  business  in  tend- 
ing them.  Eventually  the  two  brothers  dissolved 
partnership,  and  the  younger,  Edward,  took  up  the 
cultivation  of  plants  as  a  means  of  livelihood,  the 
Auricula  being  his  pet  flower,  and  at  the  date  of 
his  death  he  had  cultivated  it  for  forty  years.  He 
raised  and  sent  out  Garibaldi,  a  black  self ;  another 
dark  self  of  his  raising  was  Helen  Lancaster.  This  he 
sold  to  Mr.  Royds,  florist,  of  Rochdale,  who  sent  it 
out.  Mr.  Pohlmann  had  a  large  collection  of  the 
finest  named  varieties,  and  he  has  left  behind  him 
some  thousands  of  seedlings,  some  of  which  are  very 
valuable,  and  will,  it  is  expected,  take  high  rank  at 


future  exhibitions.  He  has  also  left  a  fine  collection 
of  seedlings  of  alpine  varieties,  of  which  he  had  a  very 
high  opinion. 

Carnations,  Picitees,  Polyanthuses,  and  Primroses 
of  the  best  variety  were  also  grown  in  his  garden  at 
Parkinson  House,  in  addition  to  many  other  choice 
plants.  So  attached  was  he  to  his  garden  that  he 
was  to  be  found  in  it  in  all  weathers,  and  it  was  there 
he  took  a  severe  cold,  which  terminated  in  bis  death. 
Among  florists  he  was  known  as  an  amiable,  high- 
minded,  and  honourable  man,  and  his  presence  at 
Auricula,  Tulip  and  Carnation  and  Picotee  exhi- 
bitions will  be  greatly  missed.  His  son  Edward 
succeeds  to  the  business. 

We  regret   to  announce   the  death,    on   the 

4th  inst,  at  42,  Ovington  Square,  of  Arthur 
Grote,  F.R.S  ,  F.L  S.,  late  of  H.M.'s  Indian  Civil 
Service,  aged  72.  Mr.  Grote  was  a  member  of  the 
Council  ol  the  Koyal  Horticultural  Society,  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Scientilic  Committee. 


STA  TB  OF  THE  WEA  THER  A  7  BLACKtiEA  TH,  LONDO.\ 
For  the  Week  ekding  Wednesday,  December  8,  1886. 


Temp 

Wind 

Glaislier's 

> 

Tables  jtli 

a 

Edition. 

-i 

< 

»     la 

i? 

1 

1 

X 

-i 

1    1  = 

a- 

1 
Q 

If 

"■J 

Dec. 

In.    !    In.    !    „   1   „ 

- 

„ 

In. 

2 

59  73   -t-=OI35.0j27S 

7.5  3..2J-.0.6|2.  4 

66 

N.W. 

o.co 

3 

J9  94 

-I-CHO34  0:22.0 

I2o'23o-I3  8|22-6 

79 

s.w. 

000 

4 

3960 

— alS4l.S 

28  S 

13.035.9 

-  4-9  34  6 

92 

s.w. 

0.26 

5 

29.87 

4-0.24..0 

2,0 

12.0  33  6 

-  6.1 

18.8 

76 

S.W. 

0.00 

6 

2»57 

—  0.I9S4.0 

49  0 

SoSi.S 

+  99 

49.1 

91 

s.w. 

o.c. 

7 

293t 

—  0.4343.0 

41.0 

2.041.7 

-4-  0.2 

36.J 

82 

N.W. 

006 

8 

2834 

-■4347.5 

36  s 

...042.6 

+  I  2:37  5 

8j 

S.W. 

0.41 

Mean 

»9  49 

—  0.2742  3 

33  4 

8,933.2 

-  3432  9 

81 

s  w. 

0  74 

Dec. 


-Fine,  but  dull  ;  slight 
snow  this 


I  fell 


-the  first 


1  afler- 


—  3. —  Fine,  and  occasionally  Wight  ;  sky  overc; 

—  4.— Wet  and  dull  morninj,  fine   but  overcast 

—  5. — Fine  and  bright  in   morning,   dull    and 

in  afternoon. 

—  6. — Slight    showers     in    morning,    dull    and    overcast 

generally. 

—  7. —Fine    and     bright     in    early    morning 

showers  about  noon,  fine  afternoon. 

—  8. — Gale  of  wind;    hailstorm  at  9.30  A.M 

reading  decreased  rapidly  to  28. 15  by  9  p.m.,  and 
continued  almost  steady  at  this  reading  through- 
out the  night. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  Daring  the 
week  ending  December  4,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  30.49 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29.6  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  30th  of  November,  inci eased  to 
30.13  inches  by  the  afternoon  of  the  3d  of  December, 
decreased  to  29.74  inches  by  i  P.M.  on  the  4th,  and 
was  29  87  inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.93  inches,  being 
0.63  inch  lower  than  last  week,  and  0.02  inch  above 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  49°.  8  on  the  29th  of  Novem- 
ber ;  the  highest  on  December  3d  was  34°.  The 
mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was  4i°.7. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  22"  on  December  3; 
the  lowest  on  November  29,  was  41°.  The  mean 
of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was  3i°.4. 

The  greatest  range  ol  temperature  in  one  day  was 
14°,  on  December  I  ;  the  smallest  was  6°.S  on 
November  28.  The  mean  ol  the  seven  daily  ranges 
was  10°.  3. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were  4^°.  i  on  Nov. 
28,  46°.!  on  Nov.  29,  38°.6  on  Nov.  30,  ss'.e  on 
Dec.   I,  3i°.9  on  Dec.   2,   28°  on  Dec.   3,  and  36° .9 


on  Dec.  4.  These  were  all  below  their  averages 
with  the  exception  of  Nov.  28  and  29,  which  were 
i°.5,  and  4°.4  above,  by  3°.  I,  6'.!,  9'.9,  I3°.8,  and 
4°.  9  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  yf.i, 
being  2".  6  lower  than  last  week,  and  4°.  6  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  73°  on  Nov.  29,  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  58'.  d"*. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  two  days,  to  the  amount  o{ 
0.30  inch. 

England  ;  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing December  4  the  highest  temperatures  were  54° 
at  Truro,  53°  at  Plymouth,  and  51°  at  Brighton  ;  the 
highest  at  Newcastle  was  46°,  at  Preston  47°,  and  at 
Bradford  47°. 7.     The  general  mean  was  49°. 5. 

The  lowest  in  Ihe  week  were  at  Nottingham  and 
Hull  21°,  and  at  Blackheath  and  Wolverhampton  22°  ; 
the  lowest  at  Liverpool  was  31°,  at  Plymouth  28", 
and  at  Pieslon  27°.     The  general  mean  was  24°. 6. 

The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Not- 
tingham 29°,  at  Truro  and  Hull  28° ;  the  least 
ranges  were  i8°.6  at  Liverpool,  and  20°  at  Preston 
and  Newcastle.     The  general  mean  was  24°.9. 

The  mean  o!  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  50.°4,  at  Plymouth  48°. 3,  and  at 
Bristol  45°.  I  ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle,  39°. 8,  at  Wol- 
verhampton 41°. 3,  and  at  Hull  4i°,6.  The  general 
mean  was  43*.  7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
lowest  at  Wolverhampton  and  Hull,  30°.  6,  and  at 
Blackheath  31°  4;  the  lowest  at  Truro  was  38°. 4,  at 
Liverpool  36°.9,  and  at  Plymouth  36°.4.  The 
general  mean  was  33°. 7. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  greatest  at 
Truro  and  Bristol,  12°,  and  at  Plymouth  11°. 9  ;  and 
least  at  Preston  6°.  4,  at  Liverpool  7°.$,  and  at 
Newcastle  7°.8.     The  general  mean  was  10°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  44^.2, 
at  Plymouth  42°.2,  and  at  Liverpool  40^.5  ;  and 
lowest  at  Newcastle,  35°.  7,  at  Wolverhampton  35°.8, 
and  at  Hull  35°.  9.     The  general  mean  was  38°.  6. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  o  96  inch  at  Truro, 
0.77  inch  at  Preston,  and  0.66  inch  at  Liverpool  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.19  inch  at  Hull,  0.21  inch  at 
Bristol,  and  0.22  inch  at  Newcastle  The  general 
mean  fall  was  0.46  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing D.;cember  4,  the  highest  temperature  was  58°.  8 
at  Paisley;  the  highest  at  Aberdeen  was  47°.8.  The 
general  mean  was  50^.3. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  I7°.6,  at  Aberdeen  ; 
the  lowest  at  Greenock  was  28°.  The  general  mean 
was  22°. 9. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Paisley, 
39°.S  ;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  34°.?.  The  general 
mean  was  37°.  7. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  1. 71  inch,  at  Greenock  ; 
the  smallest  fall  was  0.20  inch,  at  Dundee,  The 
general  mean  fall  was  0.62  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER.  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  ag  ricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  December  6,  1S86,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  : — The  weather  has  been  cloudy  or 
dull  generally,  with  frequent  falls  of  rain,  sleet,  or 
snow.  In  many  parts  of  Scotland  the  rainfall  was 
rather  heavy. 

Temperature  has  been  about  equal  to  the  mean  in 
"  Ireland,  S.,"  but  in  all  other  districts  it  has  been 
below,  the  deficit  varying  from  1°  to  2°  over  the  more 
western  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  from  3°  to  4°  in 
the  south-cast  and  north.  The  highest  ol  the  maxima, 
which  were  generally  recorded  either  on  the  5th  or 
6th,  varied  between  48°  in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  and  56° 
in  the  "Midland  counties,"  "England,  S.,"  and 
"  Ireland,  S."  The  lowest  of  the  minima  were 
registered  in  most  places  on  the  3d,  when  the  ther- 
mometer fell  to  between  15°  and  18°  over  eastern, 
southern,  central,  and  north-western  England,  to  17° 
in  "Scotland,  E.,"  and  to  between  21°  and  26°  in 
most  other  parts  of  the  kingdom.  In  the  "  Channel 
Islands  "  the  lowest  reading  was  34'. 

The  rainfall  has  been  rather  less  than  the  mean  in 
"England,    N.E.,"  the   "Midland   Counties,"  and 


762 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[December  ii,  1886. 


"  Ireland,  S.,"  but  elsewhere  it  has  generally  ex- 
ceeded the  normal  value  ;  in  "  Scotland,  N.,"  and 
"  Ireland,  N.,"  the  excess  has  been  considerable. 

Bright  sunshine  shows  a  slight  increase  in  most 
districts,  the  percentages  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranging  from  16  in  "  Ireland,  N.,"  and  17 
in  "Scotland,  N.,"  to  36  in  "England,  S.,"  and 
47  in  "  England,  N.E." 

Depressions  observed. — During  this  period  pressure 
has  been  comparatively  high  in  the  south-western 
and  southern  parts  of  our  area,  while  some  large 
depressions  have  appeared  over  Scandinavia,  and 
some  small  subsidiary  disturbances  over  the  more 
northern  parts  of  our  islands.  Fresh  or  strong 
north-westerly  winds  were  general  over  the  United 
Kingdom  during  the  earlier  part  of  the  period,  and 
on  our  western  and  northern  coasts  they  occasionally 
blew  with  the  force  of  a  gale.  Towards  the  end  of 
the  week,  however,  south-westerly  and  westerly 
breezes  became  prevalent,  and  were  generally  moderate 
in  force. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE. —Members  of  the  Trade  will 
oblige  by  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
Interest,  Cultural  or  Commercial.  Short  notes  of 
daily  experience  are  what  are  most  useful. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 
John    R.    Box,    118,    North    End,    Croydon— General 

Catalogue. 
G.  Stevens,  Upper  Richmond  Road,  Putney,  S.W. — 

Chrysanthemums. 
Paul  Neidhardt,  Erfurt,  Germany — Seeds. 
Hans    Makart,     Chrestensen,     Erfurt  —  Decorative 

Grasses,  &c. 
B.  R.  Cant,  Colchester — Roses. 
Waite.  Nash  &  Co.,  79,  Southwark  Street,  London, 

S.E.— Wholesale  Seed  List. 
H.  &  F.  Sharpe,  Wisbech,  Cambridgeshire— Wholesale 

Seed  List.  

COMMUNILATIONS  RECEIVED.  —  M.  Francliet,  Paris. — Car. 
Ancona,  Florence  —  M.  Buysmann,  Middelburgti.  —  Dr. 
Bonavi.-!,  Etawati. — Mrs.  Davidson  (with  thanlcs).  — Earl 
Catticart.-P.  T.  I.  (next  week). -J.  Webster.  Gordon  Csatle. 
— F  W.  B.— Nano  Harvey— Messrs.  Sutton.— W.  S.  M.— 
C  O.— C.  F.— R.  D.-W.  O.-W.  B.  H.  (many  thanks  ;  it 
will  be  engraved).— W.  S.-A.  H.-W.  C.-G.  B.-E.  W.- 
R.  P.— J.  F.— A.  C. 


larkls. 


Artichokes  :  G.  S.  These,  at  the  price  named,  would 
be  the  Globe  Artichokes,  which  are  quoted  in  the 
autumn  and  winter  at  even  higher  figures. 

Book  on  Table  Decoration  :  /?.  Park.  The  best 
book  on  this  and  kindred  subjects  is  Domestic  Horti- 
culture, by  F.  W.  Burbidge.  (W.  Blackwood  &  Sons, 
Edinburgh  and  London.) 

Books  :  O.  M. ,  Gemibrugge.  You  may  obtain  the 
Catalogue  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society 
from  E.  W.  Allen,  4,  Ave  Maria  Lane,  London,  E.C.  ; 
or  W.  Holmes,  Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney. 
—  W,  R.     We  know  ot  no  book  on  aquatic  plants. 

Calvaky  Clover  ;  Quilion.  It  is  interesting  to  find 
this  plant  should  succeed  in  the  open  air  at  Chelten- 
ham. The  ball  does  not  usually  untwist  so  much  as 
you  describe. 

Chrysanthemum  Sport  :  C.  C.  Both  the  blooms  sent 
are  poor  specimens,  and  it  is  impossible  for  us  to  forra 
any  opinion  upon  the  sport. 

Climbers:  A.  5.  To  cover  the  trunk  of  the  tree,  you 
may  plant  strong  growing  Ivy,  as  Regner's  or  the 
Irish  ;  Ampelopsis  tricuspldata  (Veitchii),  Aristolochia 
Sipho,  Honeysuckles  of  sorts,  Jasminum  revolutum. 
Clematises,  chmbing  Roses,  and  Bignonia  radicans  : 
all  of  these  are  of  strong  growth,  but  must  have  special 
preparations  made  for  the  roots. 

Correction  :  Liverpool  Show  :  At  p.  727,  instead 
of  Mr.  H.  Tail,  jun.,  gr.  to  J.  Edwards,  Esq.,  the 
names  should  have  been  reversed. 

Grubs  on  Primulas  :  J.  T.  Your  plants  are  attacked 
by  some  weevil,  the  grubs  of  which  you  sent.  Your 
only  remedy  is  to  start  with  fresh  plants,  soil,  &c. 

Importers  Ov  Foreign  Flowers  :  E.  L.  Try  Messrs. 
Hooper  &  Co.,  or  Mr.  Buck,  Centre  Row,  Covent 
Garden,  London. 

Medlars  and  Raspberries  :  J.  IV.,  A.  M.  C, 
M.  D.  The  unseasonable  appearance  of  these  is  due 
to  the  warmth  of  the  late  summer  and  early  autumn 
months.  The  effect  of  this  in  the  Medlar  has  been 
to  cause  the  bud  which  should  have  been  developed 
next  spring  to  expand  prematurely,  while  the  Rasp- 
berry, which  produces  fl,owers  from  the  young  wood, 
was  enabled  to  continue  its  growth  without  the  usual 
check. 

Mr.  Edward  Spary. — We  have  to  acknowledge  the 
receipt  of  a  Post-office  order  for  2-(.  td.  from  C.  O., 
and  from  K.  W.  &  Co.  51. 

Names  of  Fruits  :  J.  C.  i.  Winter  Nelis  ;  2,  Napo- 
leon. 

Names  of  Plants  :  J.  N.  Eupatorium  Weinman- 
nianum. — D.  D.  Euonymus  europasus. — S.  D.  Gold- 
(ussia  isophylla. — S.  i,  Ophiopogon  japonicus,  var. 
Wallichianus  ;  2,  we  do  not  recognise  ;  3,  Fuchsia 
microphylla  ;   4,  F.  fulgens. 

"»*  All  communications  intended  for  publication  should 
be  addressed  to  the  "Editor."  Such  communications 
should  be  written  on  one  side  only  of  the  pafierand  sent 
as  early  in  the  week  as  possible.  Correspondents 
sending  newspapers  should  be  careful  to  mark  the 
paragraphs  they  wish  the  Editor  to  see. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note.  — Letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of  the 
Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher,  and  not 
to  the  Editor, 

1}^  Foreign  Subscribers  sending  Post-Office  Orders 
are  requested  to  send  them  to  the  Publisher  of  this 
journal,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  and  to 
make  them  payable  to  William  Richards,  at  the  Post- 
Office,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C. 


COVENT   GARDEN,    Decetnba    9. 

I'i'HE  subjoined  reports  are  furnished  to  us  regularly  every 
Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal  sales- 
men, who  revise  the  list  weekly,  and  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
are  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our  report. 
The  prices  fluctuate,  not  only  from  day  to  day,  but  often 
several  times  in  one  day,  and  therefore  the  prices  quoted  as 
averages  for  the  past  week  must  not  be  taken  as  indicating 
the  pnce  at  any  particular  date,  still  less  can  they  be  taken 
as  guides  to  the  price  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Still  further  consignments  of  Nova  Scotia  and 
Canada  Apples  to  hand,  15,000  barrels  reaching  this 
market  during  the  past  week,  and  making  fair  values  at 
slightly  lower  rates.  Grapes  slow  trade  at  last  week's 
quotations.  A  fresh  cargo  of  St.  Michael  Pines  to 
hand.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Avbragh  Wholesale  Pkicks. 


Apples,  J^-sieve  . .  16-36 
—  Nova  Scotia,  brl.  8  G-12  o 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..06-26 
Kent  Cobs,  100  lb.  ..65  o  70  o 


Lemons,  per  case    ..12  0-21  i 

Pears,  per  dozen     ..    i  o-  i  ( 

Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.   1  6-  2  ( 

—  St.  Michael,  each  i  6-  6  < 


Vegetables.— Aver AGB  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  4  < 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ..  1  < 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  i  ' 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  o  ; 

Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  3  c 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i  ( 
Cucumbers,  each  ..  o  ( 
Endive,  per  dozen  ..it 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o  < 
Leeks,  per  bunch  . .  o  ; 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,    i  ( 

PoTATOS  : —  Kent  Regents,  80J.  to  : 
Reauty  of  Hebron,  loos.  ;  Magnu 


Mushrooms,  punnet  i  1 
Mustard  and    Cress, 

punaet       ..  .0 

Onions,  per  bushel. .  3 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3 
Potatos,  per 


,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o 
Spinach,  per  bushel  5  ■ 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  i 
Turnips,  bunch       . .  o 


f.  ;  Schoolmasters, 
;,  6or.  to  8oj.  per  toi 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen..  18  0-24 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12 
Bouvardias,  doz.  -.  90-12 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-18 
Cyperus,  per  do 


:errainalis. 


0-30  . 


per  dozen  . 

—  viridis,  per  doz. 
Epiphyllum,  dozen. 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...    9  0-12  < 

—  hyemalis,  doz.   ..12  0-24  c 

—  regerminans.doz.  8  0-12  ( 

—  various,  dozen..   9  0-24  t 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-18  ( 


Evergreens, 

per  dozen  .  - 
Ficus  elastica  each.. 
Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  4  0-18  o 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..  ..6  0-12  o 
Mignonette,  per  doz.  40-60 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  6  0-12  o 
Palms  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  o 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz.  . .  30-60 
Primula  sinensis,doz.  40-60 
Solanums,  per  dozen  9  0-12  o 


Cut  Flowers.- Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  bims.  * 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  ..  < 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  i 
Camellias,  12  blooms  : 
Carnations,  12  bIms. 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  ' 

Eucharis,  per  dozen 
Gardenias,  12  blooms 
Heliotrope,  12  spr.  i 
Jasmine,  white,  bun. 
Lapageria,     red,     12 

—  white.  12  blooms  : 
Marguerites,    per   12 

bunches     . . 
Mignonette,  12  bun. 


Pelargoniiuns,  per  i 


Primulas,    single,    12 

bunches     .. 
Pyrethrums,  12  bun.  : 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.    1 

—  red,  French,  doz.    ; 

—  Saffrano,  Fr.,  doz.  ■ 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  . 
Tropasolums,  12  bun. 
Tuberoses,  12  blms.. 
Violets,  12  bunches.. 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  . .         . . 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch 


bird  seeds,  Canary  being  dear,  and  other  varieties  very 
cheap.  Feeding  Linseed  tends  in  favour  of  sellers. 
Mustard  and  Rape  seed  sell  on  former  terms.  Blue 
Peas  and  Haricot  Beans  are  unaltered  on  the  week. 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Dec  8.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.C,  describe  to-day's 
market  as  being  quiet  but  firm.  Red  Clover  seed 
especially,  although  inactive,  keeps  exceedingly  steady  ; 
higher  prices  Tare  asked  on  the  Continent.  Choice 
Trefoil  is  remarkably  scarce,  and  advanced  rates  are  in 
consequence  demanded.  In  perennial  and  Italian  Rye- 
grasses there  has  been  a  better  trade  at  hardening 
quotations.    There  is  no  change  to  note  in  the  value  of 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Dec.  6. — English  Wheat,  the  supply 
of  which  was  small,  ruled  fully  6(/.  higher  on  the  week 
for  white,  and  in  some  cases  is.  higher  (or  red,  but  there 
was  not  much  done.  Foreign  Wheats  were  also  less  in 
demand  than  on  Friday  ;  holders,  however,  were  firm, 
and  the  previous  advance  was  generally  sustained, 
except  for  Indian,  which  sold  yi.  under  the  highest 
point.  For  flour  the  market  was  firm  at  a  rise  of  6d,  to 
IS.  per  sack,  and  the  top  nominal  price  of  town  flour 
advanced  31.,  making  37J.  per  sack,  the  present  quota- 
tion. Barley  of  all  kinds  was  dull.  Beans  met  a  steady 
sale  at  an  improvement  of  6i/.  per  quarter,  and  Peas 
from  scarcity  brought  firm  prices.  Maize  was  quoted  td. 
dearer  for  round  and  xs.  for  American  flat  corn,  which 
is  quoted  23^.  per  quarter.  Oats  were  3^.  higher,  with 
a  small  business  doing. 

Dec.  8. — The  trade  all  round  has  been  quiet,  but  with- 
out much  change  in  prices.  English  Wheat  was  firmly 
held,  and  for  retail  quantities  Monday's  rales  were  paid. 
Foreign  Wheats  met  only  a  limited  inquiry.  The  flour 
trade  was  slow.  Maize  was  firm.  Barley  and  Oats  were 
quiet  and  unchanged.  Beans  and  Peas  tended  against 
buyers. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Dec.  4  :  — 
Wheat,  32J.  7(/.  ;  Barley,  27J.  -zd.  ;  Oats,  17J.  \d.  For 
the  corresponding  period  last  year : — Wheat,  31  j.  ;  Barley, 
3or.  id. ;  Oats,  i8j.  \od. 


FRUIT    AND    VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Dec.  8. — Tbe  damand  for 
vegetables  was  fair,  but  low  rates  offered.  Quotations  :  — 
Cabbages,  2i.  to  2.s.  6d.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  is.  6d.  \.oy. 
do.  ;  Cauliflowers,  u.  to  2j.  per  dozen  ;  Spinach,  is.  6d. 
t0  2s.  per  sieve  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  li.  to  is.  6d.  per  half 
sieve  ;  Greens,  is.  to  i  .  3/.  per  dozen  bunches ; 
Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  21.  do.  ;  Cirrots,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  do.  ; 
Beetroots  2;.  to  2s.  6d.  d:>.  ;  Onions,  3^.  6d.  to  4^.  per 
cv/t.  ;  Carrots,  20s.  to  28J.  per  ton  ;  Mangels,  16s.  to  18s. 
do.  ;  Apples,  3^.  6d,  to  ys.  6d.  bushel  ;  Pears,  4.V.  to 
loj^.  do. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  7. — Supplies  and  trade  have  been 
good  at  the  following  quotations  : — Savoys,  41.  to  $s. 
per  tally  ;  Greens,  is.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Turnips,  2s, 
do.  ;  do.,  25J.  to  351.  per  ton  ;  Carrots  (household),  26s. 
to  35^.  do.;  do.  (cattle  feeding),  20^.  to  22r.  6d.  do,; 
Parsnips,  is.  per  score  ;  Mangels,  13s.  6d.  to  17^^.  6d. 
per  ton  ;  Swedes,  155.  to  22s.  do.;  Onions,  Sos.  per  ton  ; 
Watercress,  6d.  per  doz  :n  ;  Celery,  lod.  to  is.  2d.  per 
roll ;  Apples,  $s.  6d.  to  45.  per  bushel. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Dec  7.— Moderate 
supplies  of  good  qualities  came  to  hand,  for  which  steady 
rates  were  paid.  Inferior  sorts  met  little  or  no  demand. 
Quotations  : — Regents,  70s.  to  io5r.  ;  Magnum  Bonums, 
50J.  to  951. ;  Victorias,  6oj.  to  90J. ;  Champions,  6oj-.  to 
80s.  s.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec  8. — The  trade  still 
very  dull.  Quotationi  :— York  and  Lincoln  Magnums, 
6o.r.  to  70J. ;  Regents,  70J.  to  8oi.  ;  Essex  Magnums, 
55;.  to  7or. ;  Cambri  Igeshire  Regents,  65J.  to  705. ;  Mag- 
num Bonums,  55J.  tJ  S^r.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  7. — Quotations  : — Magnums,  6^s. 
to  75s.  ;  Regents,  jjs.  to  8oj.;  Scotch  do.  70J.  to  Sos. 
per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  3798  baj^s  from  Hamburg,  3657  Ghent,  4 
Rotterdam,  8  Ostend,  and  2  cases  Bremen. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Dec.  7.  —  For  moderate  supplies 
there  was  a  slack  trade,  at  the  ioUowing  prices  : — Clover, 
prime,  88j.  to  loof.  ;  inferior,  70J-.  to  84J.  ;  hay,  prime, 
JOS.  to  gos.  ;  inferior,  30J.  to  651.  ;  and  straw,  28^.  to 
40J.  per  load. 

Dec.  9. — The  w  is  a  rather  short  supply  on  sale.  The 
trade  was  very  d  ill  at  previous  prices. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  :  Dec  7. — There 
was  a  large  supply  of  meadow  hay,  with  a  fair  trade,  but 
slow  for  Clover.  Prices  : — Clover,  best,  84s.  to  iocs.  ; 
second,  705.  to  Sos.  ;  hay,  best,  75r.  to  855.  ;  second, 
50J.  to  70s.  ;  and  straw,  28s.  to  38/.  per  load. 

Stratford:  Dec.  7.  —  Quotations  : — 'Hay,  70J.  to 
Sos. ;  Clover,  70^.  to  90^.  ;  and  straw,  28s,  to  321.  per 
load.  

Govemmeiit  Stock. — Consols  closed  on  Monday 
at  looj  to  loi  for  delivery,  and  loij  to  loij  for  [.the 
account.  Tuesday's  figures  were  looj  to  looj  for 
delivery,  and  looJ  to  loi  for  the  account.  The  figures 
of  Wednesday  were  as  on  the  previous  day  for  the 
account,  and  ioo|  to  ioo|  for  delivery.  Thursday's 
final  record  was  ioq|  to  looJ  for  delivery,  and  ioo|  to 
loi  for  the  account.     These  quotations  are  ex  div. 


DSCKMBEK  II,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


763 


SPKCIAL       NOTICE. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


SATURDAY,      DECEMBER     25, 


WILL  CONTAIN   A    BEAUTIFULLY 


(18  inches    by    13  inches), 
FROM      AN       ORIGINAL       DESIGN. 


PRICE     FIVEPENCE  ;       POST-FREE,      FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ; 

OR   WITH 

ALMANAC    MOUNTED     ON     OAK    EOLLBRS, 

READY  TO    BE   HUNG   UP,   AND   ENCLOSED   IN   CASE, 

SEVENPENCE  ;      POST-FREE,     EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY. 

Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 
TO     PREVENT     INJURY     FROM     FOLDING. 

The   Publishey   cannot    be    responsible  for    injury    to    the    Almanac   unless    it    is   so  protected. 


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS. 

As   a   large   Extra   Sale   of  this   Ntunber   is  guaranteed,   it  will  be  a  very 
vahtable  medium  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS    FOR    SPACE    SHOULD    BE    SENT     IN    AS    EARLY    AS    POSSIBLE. 


W.    EICHAEDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STEEET,    STEAND,    W.C. 


764 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  1886, 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 

the   Price   of  the 

"Gardeners'  Chronicle" 

will  be 

Reduced      to      Three      Pence. 


LAURELS,  &c.,  cheap  to  clear  :  — 
flAUCASICUM,  12  to  18  inches,  71.  ;  2  to  3  feet,  14s  : 
COLCHIC.  ii^lojfcet.  lOJ.  :  3  10  4  feel,  20s.;  4  to  5  feel, 
S5J.  ;  Common,  12  10  18  ii.ches,  t.,  ;  I.ATI  F(  >I,IA,  12  to 
18  inches,  12J.  :  2  10  3  feet,  i6j  ;  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  12  to 
iSmches  91  ;  2  to  i  feet,  i6j.  PRIVET,  ovalleavtd,  2  to 
3feet.  5(.     IVY,  Irish,  2  to  3  feet,  pi  .     All  per  100. 

ALDKR,  2  t03feet.  20s.    ASH.  Common,  2  to  3  feet,  225.6/. 
Bl  RCH,  2  to  3  feet,  20s.       LARCH,   i)^  to  2  feet,  i6j 
2^  feet,  2M.     QUICK,  2  to  2j<  feet, 
2  to  3  feet,  20t.     All  per  ico). 

Good  stoul  transp'anted  jtufT,       Samples  on  application. 
J    J.  MAKRIOTT.  Walsall.  Staffordshire. 


.  id.     SYCAMORE, 


LAING'S     GOLD      MEDAL     BEGONIA 
TUBERS,   Fieeby  Post. 
NAMED  SINGLES,  from  i2i.  to  415.  per  dozen. 
UNNAMfeD  SEEDLINGS,  selected  10  colour  for  pot=,  from 
BEDDING,  selected  to  colour,  pj    perdizen.         [12J.  per  doz. 
„     mixedcolouis.  31.  to6j.  perdoz.     CATALOGUES  craiis. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

IMES   —    ELMS—   LIMES. 

STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  head^,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best    red-twigged    variety,     la   to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  16  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  and    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurseries, 
Northampton. 


D 


Myrobella. 

PRUNUS  MYROBALANA,  or  CHERRY 
PLUM.— The  best  ituff  for  Mendng  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  fast  in  poorest  si^ils.  Much  stronger 
Ihin  Whiiethorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Stock  for  the  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  t  >  3  feet,  sent  OD  lecept  of  6j.,  50  for  3^. 
Full  further  paiiicuhrsof 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 

OUBLE     AFRICAN~TUBERO~SES~ 

Unorecedeoted  Ofier. 

The  Bulbs  are  of  excellent  quality,  and  to  clear  consignments 
■e  offered  at  305.  per  1000,  free  on  rail.  Samples  may  be  seen 
.  my  Office,  or  free  by  post  to  intending  buyers.  Teims, 
ish  with  order,     AddrasF, 

WM.  WATSON,  i9(.  Upper  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBKE  REFUSE. 

4(2.  per  bushel ;  loo  for  25J.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  toni,), 

4of. ;  4-busheI  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,  SJ.   &/.    per    sack  ; 

5  sacks  ss«.  ;  sacks,  4c/.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  ^^s. :  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  ij.  <^.  per  bushel ;  154.  per  half 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  a-bushel  bags,  ^  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  IJ  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8j.  bd.  per  sack 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  O  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S..  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Dnjry  Lane  (lately  called  J7A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

E  L  P  —  K^  LP  —  KELP.— 

This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  mide  from  ihe  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digitata  and  other  selected  seaweeds, 
is  especially  rich  io  Potash,  and  Phisphnric  Acid.  Mixr:d  wiih 
three  times  its  buik  of  dry  soil,  iis  effect  on  Vine  Border?, 
Tomato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene- 
ficial, while  no  better  dressing  exists  for  Potato';,  Peas,  Sea- 
kale,  and  Celerv.  It  is  an  excellent  Renuvator  for  Old 
Garden  Sjil,  and  exhausted  and  Moss-grown  Lawnf.  Price 
(♦or  cash  with  order  only).  85.  per  bushtl-bag,  big  included. 
Carriage  paid  on  orders  of  2  bushels  and  over. 

J.  E.  FEREV,  La  Poudretiene.  bt.  Martins.  Jersey. 
N.B.  — As  the  Seaweeds  sel.  c.ed  for  this  Ash  cin  only  be 
harvested  duiing  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  monihs, 
and  then  at  some  distance  from  the  mainland,  the  sujply  is 
necessarily  limited,  and  Orders  will  therefore  be  executed  in 
strict 


BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  ij.,  zs.  6d.,  ss.  td., 
and  loj.  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbro^k  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield-  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranieed  of  the  best  quality. 

THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.-This  valuable  Mauure  is  made 
UD  solely  on  our  premises  here.  Eveiy  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Napie  on  it.  It  can  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwL  and  over  cania^e  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.   GEORGE,  lo,   Victoria   Road. 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Gala.shiels.  N.B. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

Newly  made.  Tiuckload  (2  tons)  £1  ;  40  bags,  251.  Free 
on  rail.  Cash  with  order— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Fibre 
Merchants,  153,  High  Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES.  ^^ 


Two  Pei} 


Me 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market    (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    5J.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22J.  6d. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..   \s.  dd.       „       5  sacks  lor  20J. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    ss.  6d.       „       5  sacks  for  25J. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  Its.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  ij.  6a.  per  bush. ,  i4!.half  ton,  !4i.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8</.  lb.    281b.  iSi. 

TOBACCO  PAPER  „  (Sp«cialil<)     Srf.  lb.,  28  lb.  rSs. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack..     5s.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  2J.  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack. 

CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 
all  kindsof  Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vejretables,&c.  Tins,  ij.  U. 
Bags— 7 lb.,  3J.;  i4lb.,si.;  281b..  8j.;  561b., 141.;  icwL,22j. 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb  ,  3!. ;  28  lb. ,  5s.  6rf. : 
561b  .  loj.  6(/. ;  I  cwt,  l^s.  [per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  aj.  6<j'. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  13J.  :  20  sacks,  175.  : 
30  sacks,  255;  40  sacks,  30^.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
35J.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  qiialltjj.  nrjnulalul,  in 
sacks  only,  21.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO.. 

WEST  FERRY  KOAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bag^,  at  2S.  6d.  per  bag 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15J.  per  ton 
Orchid  Peat  51  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNU.M,  loi.  bd.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  ijj.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 


E     P    P    S  '  S 

SELECTED 

P    K    A    T 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 


f:j.ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

vjT  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vine; 
and  Orchard -house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  lo 
supersede  it.     Bo.tes,  15.,  3^. ,  and  lar.  bd, 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Bootsdry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  ij.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


id  Wire  Fencing    Hurdles 
lee  on  application 
BAYLISb,      JONbS     &     BAYLIS5, 
Wolverhampton. 

London  Offices  and  Show  Rooms,  139&  14  ■,  Cannon  Street,  E.C. 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
WorK,  Manures,  &c      Cheapest  pnces  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London.  E.C. 

To  Nurserymen.  Seed  Mercliants,  and  Florists. 
T      BLACKBURN   AND  SONS  are  offering 

'I  •  Aichangel  MATS  lower  thin  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Alsi  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS.  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials  Prices 
tree  on  application. — 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  London,  E.C 


RUSSIA       MATS, 

FOR    COVERING    AND    PACKING. 

THE  LARGEST  ASSORTED  STOCK  IN  LO.VDO.V. 

CATALOGUE  on  application. 

JAMES     T.     ANDERSON, 
40.    COMMERCIAL    STREET     LONDON,    E. 


GARDEN    RiQBY,  WAINWRIGHT  (Si  CO,, 

NETTING3.  ,  MANUFACTURERS, 

HOTHOUSE     Neptune  Works,  Manchester, 

SHADINGS.  Cotton     Wool     and     Wadding 

TIFFANY.  ^°^  Floriits  and  Nurserymen. 

Send   for  Samples  and  Prices. 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  :  — 6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  2J.  ;  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  la.  at  21.  zd.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  31.  ■2d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  Clinton.  Tring,    Bucks. 


RuBBla  Mats— Bafila. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality.  &c      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER.  TaraesSt..  Covent Garden.  W.C. 


PROTECT  YOUR    PLANTS 

'  FR  G  DOMO' 

REGISTERED  ■   "^  TkADE  mark! 

For  price  list  &  particulars  Address- I 

RENJAMirjp'DGINGTON 

13  2 Duke  ST  Ju  London B»foa£\ 


ly/TARKET  VAN,  Bo.x  Covered,  well  made, 

^'-L  nearly  new,  for  i-ale,  a  bargain. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERI 

121,    BUNHILL    ROW,    LONDON,    B.O. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  wiU  give  Estimates  (or 
every  ciesaiption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of 
charge,  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES"    NEW    ROCKWORK    material  in  variom 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Suges, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  sUUon 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted; — 

0  reet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    i,i  15    o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,.         *»  4  >S     <* 

6  feet  long,  5  feci  wide,         „  ,,         .1  3  ^5     o 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  ,,         »  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

R.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH    GREENHOUSh 

HOT-WATER    APPARATUS. 

This  is  the  simplest, 
cheapest,      and      most 
powerful         apparatus 
made.     It   requires  no 
brick  setting,  no  stoke- 
hole, and  no  hot-water 
_      :  fitter   for   fixing.     The 
Boiler    stands    in     the 
Greenhouse,   the  front  only  being  outside. 
so  that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  Boiler 
Itself  is  utilised        It  burns  over  twelve 
hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  cost. 
Price    as  engraving,  with  Boiler,  open 
feed  syphon    12  feet  of  4  inch  hot  water  pipe,  and  patent  joints 
complete,  £,^  \s       Dehvered  free  to  any  sUtion.      Discount  lor 
ca^h      Cost  of  apparatus  complete  for  Greenhouses  as  below, 
delivered  free  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing  :— 
10  X   6  feet     ..£\     14    o    I     20  X    10  feet    . .  ^^      00 
12    X    8  feet     ..     5       1     o         25    x    12  feet    ..     6     16     8 
IS    X   9  feet     ..     5     10     8    I     40  .>^    »6  feet    ..   12     12     4 

ProportionaTe  prices  for  ether  sizes.     Estimates  free. 
Illustrated   LIST,  with  full  particulars  of  these  and    every 
descripticn  of  Fuel,  Gas,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

HOETICULTOEAL    BuiLDEKS   AND    HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

«A,^jimamj  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


December  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


765 


CONTBACTOBS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAB    DEPARTMENT. 


THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

^^^^         UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDKESS-"  HOTWATEE,"  LONrON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  \  Jtk  Edition,  price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  Ead. 

From  20  Inches  to  65  lachjs  long. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBNSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME,' 


)  5     THS 


CAMBRIC 


'RISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-  KERCHIEKS.  Hemmed  (or  U^.f.  Per  dozen-Ch.ld- 
d's.  li.  2/.  ;  ladies'.  2-.  VAd  ;  Uei.tlemeu'-.  3s.  6/. 
em-t.tched  —  La!;ie>',  2>.  ll>irf.  ;  Gtni.',  4i.  11  •■. 
iinples  po^t-^ree. 


I 

RISH 

MADE 

SHIRTS 

Best 

Ou 

lli 

V 

L-'rscI 

3ih    Bodies, 

wiih 

fourfold 

all 

l.mtn 

'■r..i,l 

» 

( 1 

r..   35r. 

Jj'.  the  half 

do2e 

(tn  mea 

suie 

2t.  e. 

r,) 

N 

Uc 

S'gn*   ID 

cur  special 

ndia 

n  Gauze. 

P.l 

lUd  Sh 

runs 

rt 

"" 

hiinkable  Klaoce's  for 

eason. 

"  These  gooda  combine  the  merits  of  exaelleace  and  ch.sxpnesi."~Coiirt  Journal. 


TRISH  LINEN  COLLARS  and  CUFFS. 

-L  Collars— ladies'  and  Children's  three-fold,  3j.  6J. 
per  dozen;  Genilemen's  four-fold,  4r.  ll-/.  to  Bi  11.'.  cer 
dozen.  CuUs  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  and  Children.  6s.  ll./. 
10  10s.  9J.  per  dozen.  "Their  Iri^h  Linen  Collars,  Cuff,. 
Shirts,  &c,  have  the  merit  of  excellence  and  cheapness  "  — 


POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.— Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetings,  fully 

-L  bleached,  2  yards  wide,  ls.8/.  rer)ard  ;  2K  yards  wide,  Z'.  4,^<^. 
per  yard  (the  most  duiable  article  made,  and  iar  superior  to  any  foreign 
ma  ufactured  EOod-)  Holier  Towelling,  18  inches  wide,  2%<d  per  yard. 
Suril.ce  Linen,  l.i  per  ya.d  ;  Check  Du.ters,  2s.  6J  ,  Glass  Clolht, 
4i  6i  p»r  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Llijiers  S</iti.  per  yard. 
Samples  post-free.     Frilled  Linen  P,Ilow  Cases  from  It.  i'AJ  each. 


'  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— 7,ii-  Lady. 


I 

RISH 

DAMASK 

TABLE 

LINEN 

—Fish   Napki 

ns, 

2-.  6rf.  ce 

r  d  i^en.     Dinner 

Napkin 

,  4s.  6./.  per  doz 

en 

Tible  Cloths, 

2  ya 

rds 

squ 

are,  2s   3/ 

:     2;^  yards    by 

3  yau 

i,    5s. 

6./.  each. 

Citchen    Tab'e 

Cio 

h!. 

liy^J.   e.ch. 

Strong    Huckaback    Tow 

el.s,  4t. 

4  t.   per 

rize 

n.     Monogram 

,  Cie 

sts. 

Loa 

isof-Armi 

Initials,  &c.,wov 

en  and  e 

mbroid 

ered.     Sa 

nple 

s  post-free. 

HANDKERCHIEFS, 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER.  BELFAST 

(Bj  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  li.H.  the  Crown  Prmcess  of  Germany.) 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me     "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
commencing  January  \,   \2,iy,  for  which  I  enclose  P. 0.0.  _^ . — 


1886. 
Months, 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  151.;    6  Months,  7s.  6:i.  ;    3  Months,  3t.  9f-;    Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  iys.  6d.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  19:.  6  /. 


P.0.0.  to  be  mauie  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURV  LANE,  London,  to   W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


766 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  ii,  1886. 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 
On   and  after  Jan.    i,   1887, 
the   Price   of  the 
"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 
will  be 

Beduced     to     Three      Pence. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINO. 

Head  Lim  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. 

.fp 

3 

0 

15  Lines. 

.fp    8 

5      „     . 

.  0 

T 

6 

16      „     . 

.    0    9 

6     „     . 

.  0 

4 

0 

17     „     . 

.    0    9 

7     „    . 

.  0 

4 

6 

18     „     . 

,    0  10 

8     „    . 

.  0 

■; 

0 

19     „    . 

.   0  10 

9     „    . 

.  0 

■; 

6 

20    „    . 

.   0   II 

10    „   . 

.  0 

6 

0 

21     „    . 

.    0  II 

11     „    . 

.   0 

6 

6 

22     „    . 

.   0  12 

12     „    . 

.   0 

7 

0 

23     „    . 

.   0  12 

13     „    . 

.    0 

7 

6 

24     „    . 

.   0  13 

14     „    . 

.    0 

8 

0 

25     „    . 

.   0   13 

l(  set  across  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30-'. 

If  set  across  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  40J. 

Page  ..         ..         -  . .  ;C9     o     o 

Half  Page  ..         ..         -.         ^500 

Column        350 

GARDENERS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

36  words  iJ.  6d.,  and  6d.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  g  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  autJurrtties  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Mahriaghs.  51.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current   week   must  reach  th*  Offic* 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

Commencing  Jan.  1,  1887. 

The  United  Kingdom  :   12  Months,   153.  ;  6  Months, 

78.  6d. ;  3  Months.  3s.  9d. 

Foreign  (exceotine    India   and    China) ;    includine    Postage, 
17a.  6d  for  12  Months;     India  and  China,  19s.  6d. 

:  42.  DRURY  LANE, 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


This  VARNISH  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint  or 
any  outdoor  work,  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper.  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u^^ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  is.  6d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manuactory,  or  is.  &d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Sution  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq.,   The  Ryleys,  Alderley  Lodge. 

"  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  >our  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  rae  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  Is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL    &    SMITH, 
Brierly  Hill  Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.G.  ;  and 
136,  Stephen's  Green,  DubUn. 


CHEAP  ENGLISH 
HORTICULTURAL     GLASS. 


100  squares  of  16-oz  glass  In  each  case  for  as  follows 

(Packing  Case  included),  free  on  rail  in  Leeds  : — 


reckon  half  a 


HENRY    WAINWRIGHT, 

WHOLESALE  CLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
and  10,    ALFRED  STREET,    BOAR   LANE,   LEEDS. 


Rosher's  Qarden  Edging  TUes. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  th.y  har- 
hour  no  Slugs 
take   up  httle 

once    put    down.  ^     _^_ 

further   labour  or  expense,  '^    '' 

as  do  "grown*"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  Sc,  in  ArtiBcial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars.  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.  W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  ;    also 

for   FOXLEV'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN     WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload.  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or    LOAM    supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above, 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade 

HORTICULTURAL   GLA88. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


HOT 

-WATF  R 

PIPES. 

Occiifiy  iattte 

space  o<ily     J^-^Tbl"" 

■dinary  Socket  Pipes, 

A 

J  '  "  '    '  — /  MiWrtM  —    " 

•^ fm^    Tlic  best 

r 

icuarosuNc/Ol/* 

IM)       ^^^ 

Latest    L 

NDIAJUBEK   j|B  fr.p.Nsior, 

oiHT    H    Cheapest 

Improve-  ^ 
menta. 

NO  LOOSE  RINGS 

Complete 

"RICHARDSON'S'   PArJitMT    UWt 

v£,.^,5AL  INDIA- 

RUBBER  JOINT. 
The  mist  inexperienced  can  fix  them.     Soundness  of  Joint  a 

certainty.     Highest  testimonials  and  references. 
Estimates  given  for  all  Material  ready   for    Fixing,    or   Fixed 

Complete. 

"Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limited), 

Mansfield.  Notts, 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers,  Vases,  Fountains,  Seals.  &c. 

London  Agent  :    W.     SIMMONS,     it.    Crooked    Lane,    EC. 

"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,=£^ 


tMHnXS^?^^        I79'5'    OF   HEAT 
fSy/gJi^S  CONSUMED    LESS    FLIEL    S 
^^fRODUOED  MOST  HEAT  FEB  BUSHEL  OF  FUEi^ 
"of  ANY  BOILER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL  ISS^J 

s  \A/ofj  FIRST  PRiZEitJiH^iooor^T 

ALSO    FIRST  PRIZEiriTHE  500r.^T 
Sr??=     1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  t;-:^ 

|IS,D''PREVI0US  AWARDS.  16   PRIZE  MEDftLSS  DIPLOMAS] 

UDt^IDON  1    5  REOCROSS    S'     S    VICTORIA  DRY  CUvriNG  WORKS] 
1  |:^FICE  )  ^OUTHWARK  S'  'IJjJS'         HARLOW  .  ESSElf 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal  ! 
ROBERTS'S         PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Bedrooms,  &o. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  On«  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms.  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated 'Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    'Victoria    Street,    WeBtminster,    S.W. 


F 


'AWKES'    Slow  combus 

on  HEATING  APPARATUS 
eftic  ent  and  cheapest  n  ex 
Requ  res  no  unk  stokehole 
brick  setting    Will  last  all  n  eht 


without  attent  on 

W  11  bur 

1  ho     e 

cinders,  therefore  c 

osts  next  to 

for  fuel.     Any  one 

can  fix  It 

A  do- 

Numbers 

m 

use  all  over 

the 

country. 

«f 

Only 

Slow  II 

Combustion 

Ap    1 

paratus     of 

the    1 

kiod. 

Bciuare  oj 

„ 

efficent     ,„ 

flellAffarat   s      | 

luhich    will 

t    ( 

Uitallmgl 

'        ,, 

Full  panic 

larsV 

and      Prices 

ol 

every    sized 

Ap  i 

paratu', 

and 

estl 

monials   for 

last 

CROMPTON     &    FAWKES, 

CHELMSFORD. 


FLAGSTONE     EDGING    for    Kitchen 
Gardens,    or    Walks  under    Trees.       Prices,    Zd.,    tod.. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  loo  and  soo  feet  boxes 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  m  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ  glass  m 
aoo  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

QEOKaE    FARSIILOE    A    SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
84.  St.  Jolm'a  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  London,  B.C. 

um.     Quote  Ckrentcitt 


Stock  List  and  Prices  on 


E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

C      O      C      O     A 

Accidents  of  DaUy  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64.  Cornhill,  London. 
Capital  £1.000.000.       Income  £246,000. 

Compensation  paid    for     112,000    Accidents,    ,^2,215,000. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Faequhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-S,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ; — 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

3ne  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  slating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Midland Cojtnties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Heratd 
ilways  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisenients  relating  to 


Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 

Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  Burve- 
NicH,  F.  Pavnaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  van  Hulle, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent  Post-paid,  10s.  per  annum. 
H.  J.  VAN  HULLK,  Botemcal  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


December  ii,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


767 


TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST, 

A   MONTHLY   RECORD   OF   INFORMATION 
FOR  PLANTERS 

O/Tca,  Cacoa,  Cinchona,  Coffer,  IitdiariMer,  Sugar,  Pahm, 

Cotton,  Cardamoms,  Kola,  Coca,  Cinnamon,  Nutmegs, 

Fibrous  Plants,  and  other  Products  suited 

/or  Cultivation  m  tlic  Tropics. 

Published  at  Observer  Office.  Colombo,  Ceylon,  on  or  about  the 

ist  of  each  Month.     Commenced  in  June.  1881.I 


A'~,RICULTURIST "  has  now  an  assured 
position  in  iis  large  circulation  in  Ceylon,  Southern  and  even 
Central  and  Northern  India,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Sumatra, 
Java,  Borneo.  Northern  Australia.  Queensland,  Central 
America,  Natal,  Mauritius,  and  the  West  Indies  From  all 
sub-tropical  planting  s-tllenients  we  have  had  cordial  approval 
of  the  publication  and  an  encouraging  measure  of  support.  The 
English.  Indian,  and  Colonial  Press  have  spoken  in  commenda- 
tory terms  of  the  T.  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardens 
from  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  K.R.S.,  downwards,  and  so  have  all 


Planters. 


No  Planter  should  be 


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THE    TROPICAL   AGRICULTURIST, 

."Vs  a  medium  for  English,  American,  and  Australian 
ADVERTISEMENTS  of  goods  suitable  for  the  tropics,  India 
as  well  as  Ceylon,  the  Straits  Settlements  Java,  and  West 
Indies  (Cential  America  being  included  in  that  term),  or 
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which  Advertisers  will  know  how  to  appreciate. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Thiseuton  Over.  F.L.S.,  C.M.G.,  Director  of 
Kew  Gardens,  writing  of  the  T.  W..  refers  to  it  as  "  an  astonishing 
repertory  of  everything  relating  to  the   Economic    Botany   of 

^»  For  the  Sale  of  Plants,  Seeds,  Machinery,  Implements, 
&c..  used  in  Tropical  (Tea,  Sugar,  Fibres,  &c.)  Agriculture, 
no  better  Advertising  Medium  exists. 


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G.  STREET  AND  CO.,  30,  Co.nhill.  London.  E.C. 
Or  Agents  in  all  parts  of  the  World. 


REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review)— i2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre'.  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich.  F.  Crcpin. 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx.  T,  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  of  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  Svo,  with  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

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Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bnuctlles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn.  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business-South  of  England.— E.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London.  E.  

WANTED,  a  young  active  married  MAN, 
as  GARDENER,  where  Ftuit  and  Veeetables  are 
Grown  for  Market.  Must  understand  Vineries,  Forcing  and 
Orchard. houses,  and  have  character  for  hjnesty,  sobriety,  and 
industry.  Small  four-roomed  cottage.- Apcly,  giving  particu- 
lars, wages,  number  in   famly,  to  H.  H..  Christophers  &  Son. 


St 


.  Newc 


.  Mo 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN  for  the  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Garden,  and  make  himself  generally 
useful  in  the  house.  Waeei  i8j.  per  week— CHISHOLM, 
3,  Charles  Terrace.  King's  Road.  Mottlake,  S.W. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Adver Users, 
Subscribers,  and  Others.— It  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  front  negotiating  it. 

N.B.—The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 

is  by  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 


To  Orchid  Travellers. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  TRAVELLER, 
for  South  America.  English  preferred.  Character 
must  bear  strict  investigation.  S;ate  experience.  Liberal 
terms  offered  to  a  suitable  person.— Apply,  in  first  instance  by 
letter,  to  DELTA,  i,  Gresham  Buildings,  EC. 


WANTED,  for  a  Provincial  Agricultural 
Seed  Warehouse,  an  energetic  Man,  as  SHOPMAN, 
and  to  attend  Mai ktts.— State  experience  and  salary  wanted  to 
X.  Y.  Z.,  Messrs.  Waite,  Nash  &  Co.,  70,  Southwaik  Street, 
London,  S.E. 


WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  WAREHOUSE 
PORTER  accustomed  to  the  routine  of  the  London 
Wholesale  Trade. — Aopty.  stating  experience,  wages  expected, 
&c.,  to  DAUCUS,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office.  41,  Welling- 
ton  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  tbe  Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,   as  APPRENTICE,    a   smart, 
strong,  well-educated    Youth.  —  Address,    No.    832, 
KEITH  AND  CO.,  Advertising  Agents,  Edinburgh. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  imtancei 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anytkin,^ 
bevond  t/ie  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender:  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identi^ed  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertise?nent  which  they  wish  Repeated. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 
—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or   Gentleman 


irthy  and  competent  Gardei 


Si  GARDENERS, 
^11  be  glad  to 
!.— THOMAS 
lis.  High  Street.  Dumfries.  N.B. 


Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY    and    CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-cl     -    ->■>"■' -'>=-o<= 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement, 
furnish  pirticu 

KENNEDY  <  

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &o. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  invesligauon,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.  -Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  10  Wm.Cutbush.l  Son.  Highcaie  Nurseries,  London.N. 

I  C  HARD     SMITH     and     CO. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars.  &c.  — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men.  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.     Ladies  and  (gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 


MANAGER.— Mr.  W.  Cale  can  recommend 
a  thoroughly  experienced  man  to  take  sole  Manage- 
ment in  a  Large  Establishment,  10  Grow  Fruit,  Tomatos,  Hard 
and  Soft-wooded  Planls,  and  Cut  Flowers.  &c.,  extensively  for 
Market.  — 10,  Burleigh  Street.  Covent  G.irJen,  W  C. 

7^  ARDENER  (He,\d)  ;  age  32.— Mr.  Leach, 

^J      Head  Gardener,    Albury    Park,    Guildford,    can    highly 
recommend  a  thorough  first-class  Gardener. —Address  as  above. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Age  3S,  married,  no 

family  :  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Highly 
recommendeJ.— GEORGE  MORRISS,  Chapel  Square,  Kim- 
bolton,  St.  Neots.  


GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. 
— A  Gkntleman  wishes  to  recommend  a  thorough  good 
Gardener.       Eighteen  years"  personal    character.- A    B.,   62, 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  several  men 
are  kepi.— Twenty  one  years'  experience  in  good  places. 
Well  up  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Fruiisand  Flowers.  Good 
re'erences  from  present  employer.-J.  NICHOLAS,  The  Knoll 
Gardens,  Barton-under-Needwood 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  more  are  kept.— Age  34,  married:  twenty  two 
veals'  good  practical  experience  in  all  branches.  Can  be  well 
recommended -J  AS.  KIMPTON,  i,  RedclifTe  Villas,  Maple 
Road,  Surbiton,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
handed)— Age  43,  two  children  (youngest  age  9); 
leaving  through  family  g'>ing  to  town  to  live.  Twenly  veais' 
character.  Total  abilainer.— Mrs.  TVLOR,  Shepley  House, 
Car>halton. 

ARDENER.— Sir     HUMPHREY     DE 

Traffokd  will  be  glad  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  and 
can  give  him  a  nine  years'  character.  Leaving  through  no 
fault.— Sir  HUMPHREY  DE  TRAFFORU,  Tr..frjrd  Park, 
Palricroft.  Manchester.  


G 


GARDENER.— A  Gentleman  wishes  to 
recommend  as  a  thorough  Working  Gardener,  Stephen 
Elkington,  age  40,  married,  three  children.  Served  with  Sir 
Henry  Dryden,  Bart.,  and  many  years  with  the  late  Philip  Box, 
Esq.,  of  Radchve.  near  Buckingham,  a  noted  lover  of  Flowers. 
Wages  asked,  251.  per  week  with  a  housj,  or  305  per  week  with- 


G ARDENER  (good  Single-handed  or 
where  help  is  given) —Sge  25,  married,  no  family  ; 
total  abstainer  ;  twelve  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can 
be  well  recommended. —GARDENER,  Boughton  Place,  Maid- 


C''  ARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  establish- 
X  ment,  houses  preferred.  -  Age  m  ;  nine  years'  expe- 
rience •  can  be  well  recommended  for  character  and  ability.— 
J.  JONES,  The  Grove,  Sellack,  Ross,  Herefordshire. 


GARDENER  (Under). —Age  22;  no 
objection  to  Horse  or  Cow.-HEAD  GARDENER, 
Twyford  Abbey,  Ealing,  W..  can  recommend  Joseph  Adams  ; 
leaving  through  employer  giving  up.  

GARDENER  (Under,  or  wouTd  take  a 
small  Single-handed  place),  or  as  COWMAN  and 
assist  in  Gardening  on  a  Gentleman's  Estate.— Married  ;  four 
and    a    half    years*    reference. — A.     B.,    Dennis    Road,    East 


F 


F 


Ii^OREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  24  ;  ten 

Jj  years'  experience  :  held  last  situation  as  Foreman.  Over 
two  years'  good  reference  from  a  first-class  Gardener.- J. 
LIDDIARl,  Wethersheld,  near  Bralnlree. 

lOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.-Age  27  ;  thirteen  years'  experience  in  Growing 
Vines,  Peaches,  Melons.  Cucumbers,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants  and  Orchids  ;  well  recommended.— .VI.  F.,  Rendcomb 
Park  Gardens,  Cirencester. _  

FOREMAN  (Working),  Outdoors.— Alpha 
desires  re-engagement  :  well  up  in  Roses.  Fruits.  Coni- 
fers, and  General  Nursery  Work.  Excellent  leferences.  Fif- 
teen years'  experience. -  C' ffse  House,  Powick,  Worcester. 

To  Market  Growers  and  Others. 
OREMAN        propagator       and 

GROWER. —Age  s6  ;  eleven  years'  experience  in 
Pelareoniums.  Bouvardias,  Solanums.  double  Primulas,  Fuchsias, 
Catnaliors,  Ferns,  Eucharis,  Diacajnas,  Cucumbers,  Bedding 
Plants,  &c.  Gaod  Salesman.— LAMBERT,  i,  Bailey's  Lane, 
Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  propagator.— Age  29; 
fifteen  years'  experience,  the  last  six  years  in  leading 
Loudon  nurseries.  Thgroughly  practical  in  Stove  and  Green- 
house Cullivation,  Production  of  Cut  Flowers  in  quaniitles. 
&c.  Firsl-class  character.  — H.  B.,  34,  Edith  Grove,  Chelsea, 
London.  S.W.  

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  propagator,        or 

GROWER. -Age  30;  good  experience  in  the  Culti- 
vation of  Stove  and  other  f  lams.— W.  R  ,  29,  Taunton  Road, 
Lee,  Kent.  

Propagator  (Second).— Age  25 ; 
eleven  years'  experience  in  Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Roses, 
Clematis,  &c.  Three  years  with  present  employer.  —A.  NASH , 
Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  Bucks^ 

OURNEYMAN-— The    Gardener,    fed- 

wonh  House,  Marlborough,  Wilts,  can  very  highly  le- 
commeod  Two  Young  Men  as  above,  each  wiih  five  or  six  years' 
experience  — Address  as  above^ 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment.  —  Age  23;  nine  years'  experience.  Can 
be  well  recommended. -H.  CROOKS,  Holloway,  near  Clom- 
ford,  Derby. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First  or  Second),  in  the 
Houses  in  a  good  establishment.— Age  21  ;  seven  years' 
practice  under  glass.  First-class  testimonials.  -  F.  LANG- 
RIDGE,  Whalebone  Lodge.  Crawley,  Sussex. 

NIPROVER,  or  JOURNEYMAN  in  Houses. 

—Age  la  ;  used  to  Indtor  Work  geneially  and  assisting 
Decoration.  Good  reference.— Apply  10  G.  A.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  fflice,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  London,  W.C. 

KNIFEMAN,  in  a  good  Nursery,  where 
Fruits  are  largely  grown.— Age  27  ;  good  Budder  and 
Grafier  ;  len  years'  experience  in  one  of  the  leading  nu 
— Y.  Z.,  SwainshiU,  near  Hereford. 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young  man  wishes 
re-eneagemeot  in  a  Nursery:  age  2t.  Seven  years' 
experience  in  good  Nurseries.  Good  reference.  —  JOHN 
KIRK  The  Nurseries,  Russell  Street,  WoLtanton,  Stoke-on- 
Trent.  ■ 


TO  GARDENERS  and  NURSERYMEN. 
—A  Gardener  wishes  to  recommend  a  young  man  in 
Garden  or  Nursery.  Four  vears' experience.  Honest,  sober, 
and  resoeclable.-GARDENER,  i,  Brunswick  Place,  Percy 
Fulham.  London.  S.W. 


ANAGER,    or    SHOPMAN.  —  Well    up 

in  all  branches.  Used  to  London  Trade.  Highest 
reference.  Eight  years'  experience —I.  P.,  11,  Montpelier 
Place.  Montpelier  Street.  Brompron,  S.W. 


To  Seedsmen. 

MANAGING  SHOPMAN  or  WARE 
HOUSEMAN. -Cwenty-five  years'  experience  in 
Agricultural.  Vegetable,  Flower  Seeds,  Flower  Ro:its,  Planls. 
Implemenls,  Minures,  &c.  Good  references.  -  D  ,  152, 
H.undsditch,  London,  E. 

HOPMAN,  or  CLERK.— Age  23  ;  well  ex- 
perienced in  the  London  and  Provincial  Trade.     Short- 
hand  and    French.     Highest    references.— MAC.    Gardeners 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— When  inclement 
weather  checks  t>  a  considerable  extent  the  action  ( f 
the  'kin  an  aheralive  is  required  to  compensate  the  body  by 
means  of  other  channels  Holloway 's  Pills  can  be  confidenllv 
recommended  as  the  easiest,  surest,  and  safest  means^of  attain- 
ing this  desirable  end.  without   weakening  ihe 


ing  the  most  'eeble.  When  from  frequently 
chills,  or  ihe  inhalitii  n  of  impure  air,  the  blocd  becomes  foul  and 
the  secretions  vitiated,  these  Pills  ptesent  a  ready  and  efficient 
means  of  cleansing  ihe  former  and  correcting  the  latter.  By  thi, 
salutary  proceeding  disease  is  airested  at  its  outset,  its  pains 
and  inconveniences  averted,  and  the  nervous  structures  saved 
from  the  depressing  efT.cis  emailed  upon  them  by  an  illness. 

Cures  of  Asthma,  Bronchitis.  Rheumatism,  Couglis 
AND   COLDS,    BY 

DR.  LOCOCK'S  PULMONIC  WAFERS.— 
Mr  Dadlbv.  Chemist.  21,  Carter  Gate,  Nouiogham. 
wtiles  :— "  Seveial  cases  of  Asthma,  BronchitLs,  Coughs,  Colds, 
and  Rheumatism  have  been  cured  wiihin  the  lapse  of  a  very 
short  time  by  the  Wafers."  They  give  instant  relief,  a  rapid 
cure,  and  taste  pleasantly.  Price  is.  \V,d.  and  is.  gd.  per  Box. 
Sold  by  all  Druggists. 


768 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Dbcsmbsr  II,  i8S6, 


SHARPE'S 
NEW 
PEAS. 

"  QUEEN." 

2s.  per  Half-pint  Sealed  Packet. 

"  SIR  F.  A.  MILLBANK." 

2s.  per  Half-pint  Sealed  Packet. 

"  TRIUMPH." 

2s.  6d.  per  Plat  Sealed  Packet. 

"  PARAGON." 

Is  6d.  per  Pint  Sealed  Packet. 


POST-FREE. 

For   full    description    and    particulars,    see 
Gardener^  Chronicle,  Dec.  4,  1SS6,  p.  710. 


Trade  Prices  of  the  above  and  other  Novelties 
contained  In  Sharpe's  List  of  Specla'ttes,  Post- 
free  on  application. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SEED  MERCHANTS, 

SLEAFOBD. 


AMARYLLIS.— Just  imported  from  Jamaica, 
crown  from  bulbs  siippliid  bit  Me^irs.  Veitch  :  well- 
matured  bulbs  of  following  virieties  : -THOM  US  SPEEn. 
{,1  Der  dozen  ;  ditto,  Seedlings,  301.  per  dozen  EM  PRESS  OF 
INDIA.  Seedlings,  301.  per  doz,  HIPPEASTRUM  EQUES- 
TRE,  61.  per  dozen.  The  Seedlings  have  been  flowered,  and  are 
superior  to  original  varietiei.  Samples  on  receipt  of  postal  order. 
J.  RUiSRLL,  Devonshire  Nursery,  Haverstock  Hill,  N. 

NEW    DESSERT   APPLE, 

"BEAUTY    OF    BATH." 


GEO.  COOLING  &  SONS 

Have  pleasure  in  offering  a.  small  Stock  of  this  fine  early 
Dessert  Apple. 

It  ripens  in  Julv  and  early  part  of  Aujmt.  is  quite  distinct,  of 
medium  size,  exceedingly  handsome  m  appearance  being  beau- 
tifully striped  wuh  lel  towards  the  sun,  has  a  brisk,  sweet 
flavour,  and  is  in  every  respect  far  superior  to  Juneating  or  Irish 
Peach  ;  it  is  a  large  and  certain  copper,  and  on  that  account 
will  be  most  valuable  as  a  market  variety. 

During  the  past  two  seas -ins  it  has  be  m  awardel  ist  Prizes  in 
the  Dessert  Classes  at  Taur.tin,  Trowbridge,  Wesioa-siipet- 
Mare,  Keevil,  and  Olher  We.,t  of  England  Shows,  whee  Ajples 
are  alwa)s  well  exhibited. 

Strong  Maiden  Trees,  33.  6d.  each. 

Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 
As  our  Slock  is  limitid  we  respectfully  solicit  early  ordees. 

THE    NURSERIES,    BATH. 

ORCHIDS— ORCHIDS. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(John  Ccwan),  Limited, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES,  GARSTON 

NEAR     LIVERPOOL, 

have  to  state  that  a 

NEW    EDITION    OF    THEIR    OEOHID    CATALOOUE, 

is  now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  aoplicatioD. 

HERBACEOUS 

AND   ALPINE    PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  of  so  Page=,  conlaininj  fall  infoimation  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,   time  of  flowering,  &c  ,    free   on 


AS,V"JI^?,5??AECr'ONfor  ROCKS,  SrUMPS,  and 


BORDEkS,  from  251.  per 


RICHARD      SMITH      &     CO 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS       '' 
WORCESTER. 


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Editorial  Gommun 

Printed  by  Willi. 

Slid  William  Richards, 


Richards,  at  the  Office  of  M«?,5   R=.^      Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 

,  at  the  Office,  4,.  w"llin«on  <;?r^,   p    ■  v  "Itt^^S^!  ^^■'  ^^^'"^  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  by  t 

eiiingion  atreet,  Pansh  of  St.  Paul  s,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday,  December  11,  1886.     Agent  for  Manchester— Iohn  Hbvwood 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstalilisfteti  1841. 


No.  677.— Vol.  XXVI.  {ser^.es.}  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  18,  1S86.        j p'^:f-l"=l'l n=>^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

<     WITH     SUPPLEMENT'    J 


Price  5d. 

Post-free,  sK- 


SPECIAL    NOTICE. — On  and  after  Jamtary  i,   1887,    tJie  Price  of  the 
**  Gardeners   Chronicle  "  zvill  be  reduced  to  Three  Pence. 


CONTENTS. 

Ahies  concolor     . .         . .     791     Nannorhops  Ritchieana. .  ygi 
Adiantum  Farleycnse     ..     790     Nitrogen   as   plant    food, 

Alpine  plants        ..          ..     780        sources  of          ..          ..  787 
Apary,  the           ..          ..     778     OpIismenusBurmannivar. 

Bees,  plants  for    ..          ..     790        albidula 776 

Bent  twigs             . .          . .     785     Orang-e  peel,  what  Is  it  ?  780 

Botanical  Magazine      ..     784.     Orchid  houses  . .         .,  786 

Books,  notices  of:—                            „     notes  and  gleanings  779 

Future    of     the     Date  Orchids  in  flower  at  Kew 

Palm  in  India           ..     782         on  December  i             ••  791 

Camellia  Sasanqtia          ..     791     Oxera  pulchella    ..          ..  786 

Catasetum  Bungerothii  . .     785     Plants  and  their  culture  .  787 
Christmas  aecorations    ..     784  :  Potato  cultivation  on  the 
Colonial  Exhibition         ,.     788                    farm        ..          ..778 

Cypripedium  prsstans  ..     776,       „     society,  a     ..          ..  786 
ElECodendron  orientale  ..     790    Press,  the,    and  horticul* 

Essex  Field  Club           ..     786        ture        785 

Eucalyptus  amygdalina        790     Pynaert,  Ed 776 

Eucha-is     amazonica     at  ,  Rockery   at    the    Exeter 

Gunnersbury  House  ..     790        show       775 

Floral  devices      ..          ..785     Roser^',  the           ..          ..782 
Flower  garden,  the         ..     783     Scabious,  dwarf,  for  win- 
Forecourt  gardens,    &c ,            '       terwork..          ..          ..  789 

embellishing      . .          . .     780     Scotland 793 

Forestry 781     Seed  trade,  the    ..          ..  776 

Fruit  culture,  American       789    Seeds,  testing      ..         ,.  785 

Fruits  under  glass  . .     787  ,  Societies  :— 

Hedges,  trimming  ..     790        National     Chrysanlhe- 

Horticultural  Cliib         ..     785           mum 792 

Iceland,  on  the  flora  of..     793  i      National  Rose ..         ..  791 

Kapok        ..         ..         ..    785    Spinach  crop,  the  winter  789 

Kitchen  garden,  the       ..     783    Thunbergia  niysorensis  . .  7S6 

Law            794     Tobacco  culture  ..          ..  789 

"  Le.irn  to  observe"       ..     785     Trade  notices       ..          ..  787 

Lonchocarpus  Barter!     ..     785     Trees  and  shrubs..         ..  779 

Luculia  gratissima          ..     791     Tsuga  caroliniana            ,.  780 

Market  plants       ..          ..     776    Vines,  keeping  Grapes  on  791 

Mistleto  for  Christmas  ..     786     Weeks'  fireplace  boiler  . .  788 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Oranee,  monstrous           780 

Pynaert,  Ed 777 

Rockery  at  Exeter  jhow.     See  Supplement. 

Tsuga  caroliniana            781 

Weeks' fireplace  boiler 788,739 


SPECIAL     NOTICE. 

'J^HE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 
■i  for  Saturday  next,  DECEMBER  25,1 8S6, 
will  contain  a  beautifully  COLOURED 
ALMANAC {iZ  by  13  inches),  from  an  Original 
Design. 

Price  5(/.  ,'  Post  free  $hd.;  or  ivith  Almanac 
mounted  on  Oak  Rollers,  ready  to  be  hung  up, 
and  enclosed  in  Case,  id. ;  Post  free,  SW. 

Purchasers  are  specially/  recommended  to 
order  the  Almanac  in  a  Case,  to  prevent  injury 
from  folding.  The  Publisher  cannot  be  re- 
sponsible for  injury  to  the  Almanac  unless  it  is 
so  protected. 

NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS. 

As  a  large  Extra  Sale  of  this  Number  is 
guaranteed,  it  will  be  a  very  valuable  medium 
for  Ad','ertisements.  Applications  for  space 
should  be  sent  in  not  later  than  Tuesday  next, 
t!ie  2 1  st  inst. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.  


TO  THE  TRADE. —  JAMES  CARTER, 
DUNNETT  AND  BEALE'S  WHOLESALE  CATA- 
LOGUE of  VEGETABLE  SEEDS,  FLOWER  SEEDS,  and 
SUNDRIES  has  now  been  posted  to  their  customers. 

If  not  received  another  copy  will  be  sent  on  application  to 
237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  Lor,don,  W.C. 

A  DescrlpUve  List  of 
T     LYE'S     NEW     FUCHSIAS 

O  •  for  18S7,  now  ready. 

The  Gardens,  Clylfe  Hall,  Market  Lavington,  Wilts. 

^O^HE"  TRADE.— Green   EUONYMUS. 

splendid,  well-grown  stuff,   i  foot    12J.  ;  \%  foot,  i6f.  ; 
2  feet,  25J.  per  lOO  ;  very  strong  and  bushy. 

A.  tj.  (iORRINGE,  75,  "1  erniinus  Road.  Eastbourne. 


Catalogue  1887. 

JACOB   WRENCH  and  SONS   have   now 
Posted  their    1887    CATALOGUE   of  GARDEN    and 
other  SEEDS  to  all  their  Customers.      Another  will  be  sent 
by  return  on  receipt  of  advice  of  its  not  having  come  to  hand. 
39,  King  William  Street,  London  Bridge,  EC 


FRUIT  TREES.— Well-ripened  clean  trees. 
Best  sorts  of  APPLES,  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES,  Standards  and  Pyramids,  ij.6</.  to  2i.  6J.  each  ; 
Trained,  2r  6i.  to  31.  D</.  each.  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES, 
and  PEACHES,  extra  large  trained  Fruiting  Trees,  55.  to  71.  id. 
each.  CATALOGUES  gratis. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E, 


ORCHIDS    a    SPECIALTY.  —  Stock 
immense  in  extent,   fine  in  quality,   and   moderate   in 
price.     Inspeciinn  invited. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Clapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 


Hollies  for  Hedges. 

JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO.   offer  a  very 
fine  stock  of  Green  HOLLIES  for  Hedges.  Sizes,  6.  9,  18. 
24,  to  36  inches.  Prices,  with  samples  if  desired,  on  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO..  King's  Acre,  Hereford. 


Rbododendrons 
JOHN   WATERER   and    SONS,  Bagshot, 

O  Surrey,  are  the  Great  Exhibitors  of  Hardy  Scarlet  and 
White  RHODODENDRONS.  Their  CATALOGUE  is  ready, 
and  may  be  had  on  application. 

A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponlicum,  cataw- 
biense,  hybridum,  and  all  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  i,  2.  to  3  feet,  beautifully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hundred,  or  thousand,  on  application  lo 
JOHN  CR\NSTON  &  CO..  King's  Acre  Murseries,  Hereford. 


DWARF    ROSES  on   Seedling   Brier,    first- 
class  Plants,  best  sorts,  2or.  per  too  or  200J.  per  1000. 

LIST  on  application. 
Apply  D.,  Mr.  Smith,  Poit-Office,  Brockley,  S.E. 


MARECHAL    NIEL    ROSE.  —  On    Sale, 
many  thousands,  in  pots ;  grand  plants,  5  to  12  feet  in 
length,  i8j.  to  6oj.  per  dozen. 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO..  Clapton  Nursery.  London,  E. 

TEN  LARGE~CAMELLIAS,  very  fine,  full 
of  flower-buds,  in  pots  and  tub-,  6  to  lo  feet,  specimens. — 
Applyto  WILLIAM  BARRON.  Nurseryman,  Sketty,  Swansea. 


To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  linds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
condition,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offers  of  the  same— 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  of  PERENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYE  GRASSES  and  NATURAL  GRASSES  —  to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 

VINES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black  Ham- 
bu'gh  and  othtr  Fruiting  Vines,  10.J.  td.  each;  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vires.  55,  and  7J.  ^d.  each.  All 
in  ^p'cndid  condition.     CATALOGUES  on  aoplicalion. 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  VineysrJ,  Garslon,  Liverpo3!. 


HAMPTON      COURT     BLACK      HAM- 
BURGH VINES.-Extra  strong  Fruiting  Canes  of  the 
above,  and  all  other  leading  varieties,  at  greatly  reduced  prices. 
T.   JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  Kitchen  Gardens,  Hamp'on  Court. 


APPLE,  "BISMARCK."— We  have  much 
pleasure  in  ofiering  strong  Trees  of  this  fine  Apple, 
which  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  at  the  Crystal 
Palace  Fruit  Show,  1885.  Maiden  Trees,  51,  each  ;  Fruiting 
Trees,  prices  on  application.  Our  stock  of  Trained  PEACHES 
and  NECTARINES  is  exceptionally  fine.  Inspection  invited. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


MESSRS.  GREGORY  and  EVANS, 
Nurserymen,  Sidcup.  and  28s,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any 
quantity  for  their  Commission  Department.     Boxes  and  Labels 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  Commission,  Sidcup." 


Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  53,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden,  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  givbg  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 


Growers  wishing  to  Dispose  of  the   foUowlog   to 

advantage,  should  communicate  with 

WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  : 
—Arum  LILIES.  ROSES.  EUCHARIS,  TUBE- 
ROSES, good  White  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  LILY  OF 
THE  VALLFY,  and  other  Choice  CUT  BLOOMS  ;  also 
good  GRAPES.  


Notice  to  Senders  of  Out  Flowers. 

WANTED,  in  any  quantity.  Choice  CUT 
FLOWERS,  for  Disposal.     Account  Sales  sent  daily. 
C  LAWRENCE,  Office  6a,  Vinegar  Yard,  Drury  Lane, 
linden,  W.C. 


MESSRS.  HURST  and  SON  beg  to  state 
that  their  General  CATALOGUES  of  GARDEN  and 
FLOWER  SEEDS  have  been  Posted  to  all  their  Customers, 
and  if  any  have  not  received  them,  they  will  be  gUd  to  be 
informed  of  it  and  copies  shall  be  at  once  sent. 

15.',   Houndsditch,   Lindor,    E.  — December    ,7.   18S6. 


Dissolution  of  Partnership. 

JOHN  R.  BOX,  for  ten  years  partner  with 
John  Laing,  at  Forest  Hill,  now  trades  at  East  Surrey 
Seed  Warehouse  (established  upwards  of  50  year-).  North  End. 
Croydon  :  also  the  Uoper  Tooting  Park  and  Balham  Hill 
Nurseries.     CATALOGUES  now  ready. 

Noticed 
King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (Established  1785). 

JOHN  CRAN.STON  begs  to  announce  that, 
having  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  "  Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited),"  these  Old-established 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1886,  be  carrieil 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

'■  JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford.— October  r,  1886. 

Just  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85  ;  con- 
taining  all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful ;  ofiering  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT  AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Walk, 


L  ILIUM  AURATUM.  —  Good,  plump, 
sound  Bulbs,  6^.,  gr.,  i2i.,  i8y.,  and  245.  per  dozen  ; 
extra  strong,  305,  ard  \is.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIES  a; 
equally  low  prices. 

Mr.  WILLIAM   BULL'S  Establihment  for  New  and  Rare 
Plants,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

P    I    R   ^    A        JAP     O    N    I    C   A, 

fine  Imported  Clumps,  12J.  dd  per  too. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  (German  Crowns),  very  fine. 

Low  offers  on  application. 
WATKINS  AtiD   SIMPSON,  Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


DOSES  — ROSES 

—  ROSES.— 

The 

finest 

jn  D 

varf  Plants  of  the 

eadine  Exhibition 

vatietie 

s,  at  6.'. 

per   doze 

,   package  included.     Special  prices 

for   qu 

antities. 

The  Tra< 

e  supplied. 

A.    U. 

GORRINGE,    75 

Terminus    Road 

Eastb 

urne. 

To  the  Trade. 

NUTTING    AND    SONS'     Wholesale 
C.ATALOGUEof  GARDEN  and  FLOWER  SEEDS 
for  t8S7  has  been   Posted  to  all  their  Customers.       If  not  duly 
received  please  inform  them,  and  another  shall  be  sent. 
106,  Souihwark  Street,  London,  S  E. 


To  the  Trade. 

WAITE,  NASH  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 
General  CATALOGUE  to  all  their  Customers.     If  not 
received  another  copy  will  be  forwarded  on  application. 
79.   Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 

h"^        golden        LARCH 

(PSEUDOLARIX   KAEMPFERI). 

Good  Seed  is  ofTered  at  the  loUowiog  price  fjr  cash  :  — rooo  seeds 

for  25  francs  (j£i).   ro,ooo  seeds  for  203  francs  {£,i). 

FRATELLI    ROVELLI,    Nurserymen,    Pallanzr.    Italy. 

Special  Offer  to  the  Trade 

ROSES    in    extra    strong    dwarf    Plants    of 
leading  varieties  at  :oj.  per  100,  i,%  los  per  1000,  own 


List 
A.  U.  GORRINGE,  75,  Ten 


Road,  Eastbouri 


To  the  Trade. 

ROBERT  COOPER  has  now  Posted  his 
General  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  to  his  Customers. 
In  any  case  where  it  may  not  have  arrived,  another  will  ba 
forwarded  on  application  to 

90,  Southwark  Street,  S.E. 

PRIVET.— A  Large  Stock  of  exceedingly  fine 
bushy  oval-Uaved  Privet,   4  to  6  feet  high.      Price  oa 

't\  JACKSON  AND  SON.  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames. 

(jPrRENKMANN.Weiss'enfeTs",  on  th 

•  Saale,  Germany,  Raiser  of  fine  FLOWER  SEEDS, 
offers  the  same  at  the  cheapest  prices. 

A  CATALOGUE  sent,  post-free,  on  application. 

Putney,  London,  S  W. 

WILLIAM    ICETON   begs   to  inform  the 
Trade  that   he  has  a  very  fine   Collection  of  all    iho 
leodin    PALMS  and  FOLIAGE  PLANTS,  at  reasonable  rate. 

FECIAL       OFFER. 

PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  2  to  3  feet,  3  to  4,M  feet ;  oclra 
fine  and  good  rooted,  from  505.  to  7S.r.  per  too. 

GOLDEN  EUONYMUS,  splendid  colour,  best  variety,  in 
pots,  from  tSJ.  to  50J.  per  ico ;  ar.  kd.  to  or.  per  dozen. 

EtCOMBE  AND  SON,  Nurswymen,  Romsey,  Hampshii«, 


770 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  i8 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 

Monday  and  Wednesday  Next. 

HARDY     PLANTS     AND     BULBS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  Kina  Street, 
Covent  Harden,  W.C,  on  MONDAY  and  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  D.;cember  20  and  s=.  at  half-past  la  o'clock  precisely, 
each  day.  Standard.  Dwarf,  and  Pot  ROSES,  in  variely  ; 
Pyramid  and  D-.arf-trained  FRUIT  TREES,  SHRUBS  and 
CONIFERS,  FOLIAGE  PLANTS,  for  Table  Decoration: 
BORDER  PLANTS,  and  a  great  variety  of  DUTCH 
BULBS,  &c. 


Onr 


nings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next-(Sale  No.  7307). 
m.oooGRAND  BULBS  of  LILIUMAURATUlMjnst  received 
direct  from  Japan,  in  fine  condition,  5:0  LILlUM  DAL- 
MAT1CUM,3Q0  L.  HARRISn,  an  immense  assortment 
of  English  crown  LILIES,  r20  ftoe  imported  clumps  of 
CYPRIPEDIUM  SPECTABILE,  5000  South  Afncau 
TUBEROSES,  1000  tuberous  rooted  BEGONIAS,  and  a 
great  v.iriety  of  other  Bulbs  and  Roots. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above 
by  AUCTION  at  his  Gre.it  Rooms,  ■=.%.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W  C  ,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  December 
22,  at  Half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No,  7308) 
Twelve  cases  of  ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA  (each  containing 
a  large  quantity  of  plants)  jubt  to  hand  in  splendid  con- 
dition. 

MR.  I.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms, 
38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY 
NEXT,  December  23. 

On  view  morning  o(  Sale,  and  Catalogues  bad. 

Thursday  NexV-tSale  No.  7J0S.) 
ANGR/ELUM    FLORULENTUN,  new  and  rare. 
CATTLkW   GASKELLIANA,  large  importation. 
ANGR^XUM    SANDERIANUM,  new. 
ANGR/ECUM   GERMINVANUM,  new. 
ANGR^KCUM    KIMBALLIANUM,  new, 
ANGR/liCUM   SCOTTIANUM,  fine  lot. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION  ,  at  his  Great  Ronms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY, NEXT,  December  2j,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, a  lew  plants  of  the  rare  and  beautiful  ANGR/ECUM 
FLOKULENTUM,  flowers  large,  nearly  the  size  of  A. 
Ellisi,  and  are  produced  in  great  quantities.  Also  a  suoeib  lot 
of  the  lovely  new  ANGK/ECUM  SANDERIANUM,  in 
splendid  coiidition.  The  individual  flowers  are  near  Kotschyii, 
but  are  borne  more  abundantly  on  spikes,  often  reaching  twenty- 
five  in  number.  They  are  pure  white,  including  tails,  12  inches 
long.  At  the  same  time  will  be  olTered  A.  KIMBALLIANUM, 
a  splendid  novelty ;  A.  GERMINYANUM,  A.  SCOTTl- 
ANQM.  A.  LEONII  (a  species  not  seen  in  flower).  A  large 
lot  of  CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA,  inline  condition,  with 
leaves  extra  broad,  and  distinct  looking;  C  PERCIVAH- 
ANA  STANHOPEA  WARDJI.  ONCIDIUM  BICOLOR, 
O.  NUBIGENUM;  TRICHOPILIA  species ;  ODONTO- 
GLO5SUM  PARDINUM,0.  HALL!  LEUCOGLOSSUM, 
and  many  other  fine  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next.— Orchids  la  Flower. 
SPECIAL  SALE  FOR  CHRIhTMAS  DECORATIONS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  EC,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  Decem- 
ber 2t,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  or  BUD,  from  various  collection.", 
including — 

Cypripedium  Morgan, 


,.     vernixium  j  Muirnodes  luteola 

Lselias,  Oncidiums.  Masdcvallias,  Odontoglossums,  Sophroniiis 
gtandiflora,  Cattleyas,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 

300    DOUBLE    CAMELLIAS    and     AZALEAS,    compact 

plants,  well    set  with    buds  ;  400  very   fine  Standard    and 

other   ROSES.    FRUIT   TREES,    HARDY    PLANT.S, 

SH  RU  KS  in  variety,  PLANTS  in  FLOWER,  BULB.S,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  .at  the  City 
Auction  Rooms.  38  and  39,  Gracechutch  Street,  E.C,  on 
TUESDAY  NEXr,  December  21,  at  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale.     Catalogues  had  at  the  Rooms,  or 
of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Wednesday  Next. 
8030  LILIUM  AURATUM,  splendid  Bulbs. 
400  LILIUM  SPECIOSUM  RUBRU.Vl  and  L.  ALBUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  include  the  above  in  the  SALE,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms.  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  December  22. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next. 
PLANTS  in  Flower,  PALMS  and  FERNS  for  Chr!s:raas 
Decoration  ;  5030  splendid  Bulbs  of  LILIUM  AURATU  M, 
from  Japan  ;  600  English  grown  Standard  and  Dwarf 
ROSES,  a  choice  assortment  of  Englrsh  grown  LILIES 
and  other  hardy  Bulbs,  BARR'S  DAFFODILS,  LIl.Y 
OF  THE  -VALLEY,  SP1R^;aS,  CARNATIONS, 
Dutch  BULBS  in  variety,  S:c 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE    AND    MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale    Rocms.    67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  December  22,  at  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogu'.s  had. 


Christmas  Holidays. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS 
beg  to  announce  th.it  in  consequence  of  the  Christmas 
Holidais  there  will  be  NO  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  at  their  Rooms 
en  FRIDAY  NEXT. 


NORTHERN      ITALY. 


TO   NOBLEMEN,    GENTLEMEN,  AND 
OTHERS. 


Messrs.  PROTHEROE  k  MORRIS 

are  favoured  with  instructions  to 
SELL    BY    PRIVATE    CONTRACT, 

A  DISTINGUISHED  and  SINGULARLY  ATTRACTIVE 

FREEHOLD  ESTATE 
on  the  borders  of  one  of  the  principal  Lakes. 

The  property  possesses  an  area  of  about 
22i-  Acres,  and  may  be  fairly  described  as  one 
of  the  most  attractive  in  Southern  Europe. 

Full  particulars  and  terms  will  be  forwarded 
on  application  to  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

TO  ""flower^  GROWERS.  —  We  hdd 
SALES  by  AUCTION  in  our  Vaults,  in  the  Market 
Hall,  every  TUESDAY,  THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 
Growers  will  find  Birmingham  a  good  market.  Cheque  for- 
warded every  weeV,  or  earlier  if  desired. 

POPE  AND  SONS,  Central  Avenue,  Market  Hall, 
Birmingham. 


ORCHIDS— ORCHIDS. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(John  Cowan),  Limited, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR     LIVERPOOL, 

have  to  state  that  a 

NEW    EDITION    OF    THEIR    OEOHID     CATALOQUE 

is  now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  application. 


To  Gentlemen,  Nurserymen,  Gardeners,  &o. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  FREEHOLD  GLASS 
NURSERY,  SEED,  and  FLORIST'S  BUSINESS,  in 
one  of  the  best  manufacturing  parts  of  Yorkshire.  A  chance 
seldom  to  be  met  with,  the  owner  and   occupier  wishing   to 

Apply  by  letter,  B.  C,  Gardtmrs'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

FOR  SALE,  FREEHOLD,  or  to  LET  on 
LEASE.  The  MELBOURNE  NURSERY,  Anerley, 
near  Crystal  Palace,  formerly  let  at ,^250  per  annum,  to  be  had 
a  bargain  ;  nine  100  feet  Greenhouses,  Fern-house,  Show-house, 
DwelUng-hoiise,  Stabling,  &c. 

Apply  to  WALFORD  and  WILSHIRE,  121,  Anerley  Road, 
London,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen,  Market  Florists,  and  Othera. 

TO  BE  SOLD  or  LET  on  Lease,  the  Good- 
win with  possession,  of  an  Old-established  NURSERY 
FLORIST,  and  MARKET  and  JOBBING  BUSINESS. 
Ten  spacious  Greenhouses,  Hot-water  connection,  complete  ; 
within  7  miles  of  Covent  Garden.  Good  Dwelling.  House  and 
three  Cottages  in  Nursery,  if  desired. 

Apply  to  J.  I.AIDMAN,  E<q  ,  S  jlicitor,  5,  Serjeants'  Inn, 
Temple,  or  to  R.  T.  BIGGS,  The  Nurseries,  Lewisham.  S.E. 

To  Horticultural  Nurserymen,  Market  Gardeners, 
AND    OrHERS 

TO  LET,  by  Tender,  THE  ELMS,  Torre, 
Torquay.  All  those  modern  and  excellent  VINERIES, 
GREEN  ami  HOTHOUSES,  with  Pits,  Frames,  Ferneries, 
Mushroom.  Orchard,  and  Potting  Houses,  together  with  Dwel- 
ling-house, Pi.^geries  and  other  Outhouses,  and  Land  adjoining  : 
all  situite  in  a  thickly-populated  district,  within  two  minutes 
of  the  Torre  Station  of  the  Great  Western  Railway.  Souihern 
aspect,  well  sheltered,  and  in  good  position ;  built  with  the 
litest  imorovements,  very  substantial,  and  thoroughly  heated. 
Three  Houses  are  104  feet  each,  by  14^,  isji.  and  16  feet- 
three  divisions  in  each  ;  two  oiher  Houses,  19  by  11  feet,  &c. 
Sealed  Tenders  to  be  sent  to  the  undersigned  on  or  before 
January  7  next. 

To  view,  apply  at  the  Laundry  adjoining  the  property,  and 
for  further  panicnlars  and  conditions  ol  letting  to  J.  KDGELL 
SEARLE.  Solicitor.  Crediton  and  Exeter. 


CO  LET,  a  Small  NURSERY,  of  2  Acres, 
in  the  healthiest  patt  of  Matlock.     No  glass.     Stock  low. 
Particulars  of  Mr.  MARRIOTT,  Lime  House.  Walsall. 


To  Florists  and  Others.— Chelsea. 
10    BE    LET,   a   large   walled   GARDEN, 

with  Glass  and  Cottage. 
Apply  to  Mrs.  MORGAN,  ro,  Beaufort  Street,  S.W. 


T 


O  BE  LET,  alarge  GLASS  HOUSE  (good), 

40  feet  long.     Well  fitted.     Main  road. 
397,    Kingsland  Road,  near  Dalston  Junction,  N. 

PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul 
TtiRAL  Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  an- 
Valuers,  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London.  E.C.,  and  at  Leytoi 
..^^^    1?  Mn.,,l,1,>  T4nriir.,,lM,r^l  Ri^CTi'Ier  haft  on  annlif^atioi 


le,  E. '     Monthly  Horticultural  Regi-' 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
NotthRow.CoventGarden,  London, W.C,  REQUIRE  any 
quantity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  ofl^er  good  prices, 
also  fine  Bhck  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flowers  &c. 

SQUELCH     AND     BARNHAM, 
giving  personal  attention  to  all   consignments,  they  are 
thus  enabled  to  obiain  the  HIGHEST  MAKKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH      AND     BARNHAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES  forwarded   weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and  LABELS  supplied. 


GARDENERS'   ROYAL   BENEVOLENT 
INSTITUTION. 
HENRY      MAXHAM      is     a      CANDIDATE    for    the 
PENSION  at  the  ELECTION  in  JANUARY  NEXT.     He 
has  beui  in   the  Trade  with  Leading  Firms  for  the  past  forty 
years  and  is  now  entirely  unfitted  for  work. 

The  undersigned  re-pecif-ally  solicit  from  Subscribers  proraites 
of  support  at  the  ensuing  Election. 

WILLIAM  CUTBUSH  AND  SON, 
Highgate  Nurseries,  London,  N^ 

Landscape  Gardening. 

HF.  MALLER  (of  the  firm  of  B.  Mailer  & 
•  Sons),  late  pupil  ol  the  Crystal  Palace  School  of  Land- 
scape Gardening,  is  prepared  to  FURNlSH  PLANS,  or  under- 
take any  kind  of  the  above  work.- 6t.  High  Street,  Lewisham. 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard).  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  I.ondon,  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  Floriculture  Loncon."      Established  1854. 

TMPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

\-         Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 

alsoag.iod  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Quotation  with  sample  on  application  to 

THE        PEAT        ASSOCIATION, 

10,  CuUum  Street,  London,  E.C. 


Ehubarb  and  Seakale  Forcing. 

STRONG  WELL-MADE  POTS  for  the 
above.— GARDEN  POTS,  ORCHID  POTS,  ALPINE 
POTS,  FERN  PANS,  SEED  PANS,  and  all otherGARDEN 
POTTERY  of  the  best  quality  ran  be  supplied  by 

J.  MATTHEWS,  Royal  Pottery,  Weston-super-Mare. 


Prici 


Free. 


SHRUBS  and  CONIFER.C— Laurustinus, 
2  feet,  bushy,  37J.  per  100.  Arbutus  Unedo,  2  feet,  40J. 
per  100.  Aucuba  japonica,  2  to  2j^  feet,  405.  per  10(3,  Bo.x. 
Tree,  sorts,  if^  to  2  feet,  30^.  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
i2r.  per  100.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  2)^  feet,  165,  per  i  o. 
Grislinia  littoralis,  2  feet,  35J.  per  too.  Sweet  Bay,  i'-^  to  2  feet, 
30J.  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponticum,  ij^  to  2  feet,  3JJ.  per 
too;  ditto,  2  to  2f^  fett,  40J.  per  too.  extra  fine.  Abies 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  30J.  per  100;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet.  40J.  per  . 
100  :  ditto,  4  to  5  feet,  70J.  per  100.  fine  roots  and  well  furnished. 
Araucaria  imbricata,  2  to  2j^  feet,  421.  per  dozen;  ditto,  3  to 
■iVi  feet,  60J  per  dozen.  Cupressus  lAwsonii,  ij^  to  2  feet, 
lbs  per  100  ;  ditto,  2  to  2^  feet,  20J.  per  100 ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet, 
50J.  per  100.  Cupressus  erecta  viririis,  ij^  to  2  feel,  30J.  per 
100;  ditto.  2  to  2j^  feet,  4or.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa, 
ij^  to  2  feet,  3?J.  per  too;  ditto,  2  to  2j^  feet,  40J.  per  10a, 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniaoa,  2  feet,  40J.  per  rco.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2l^  feet.  255.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  1000  for  smaller 
sizes.  "GARLIES  MIICHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer, 


E 


Now  Is  the  time  to  Plant 
VERGREENS. 

New  Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

JERSEY  FRUIT  TREES,  Carriage  Paid  for 
Cash  with  Order.     Write  for  Illustrated  CATALOGUES 
to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  &  SON,  High  View  Nurseries. 

FORIY   lERSEY  ROSES  for  2rj. 

To  the   Trade. 

Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  AGRICULTURAL  SEEDS. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  are  now  prepared  to 
•  give  special  quotations  of  all  the  principal  varieties  of 
VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  raised  on  their  own  Seed 
Farms  this  season  from  the  choicest  selected  stocks.  The 
quality  is  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  very  low.  Samples  may 
be  hail  on  application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

ANDRE  LEROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angers, 
France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUir  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS, 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES.  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878. 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 
90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 

PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 20  inches  high  — Latania  boibjnica,  ij.  61/.  ;  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ij.  ki  :  Areca  lutescens,  rr.  bd  ;  Phcenix 
reclinata,  \sbd.;  Euierpe  edulis,  \s.  bd.  ;  Corypha  australis, 
15.  bd.  ;  six  for  8j..  or  iz^.  bd.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  21.  to  51.  each. 

PALMS,  fine  healthy  plants,  12  inches  h'gh— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seaforlhiaelegans,Phccnix  tenuis  and  Phuinix  reclinata, 
bd.  each,  or  45.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free. 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  sr.  to  505.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

New  Early  Peas. 

To  the  Trade  and  Growers  for  Early  Market. 

EARLY   KENILWORTH   and  WILLIAM 
THE  CONQUEROR. 
These  two  gems  have  no  equals  for  Earlmess,  Cropping,  Colour, 
and  Table  Quality. 
Testimonials  and  price  free  on  application  to 
W.  BURUURY,  Seedsman,  &c.,  The  Crew,  Kenilworth. 

Special   Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  for 
Sale  S0O.0O3  RHODODENDRONS,  van'ing  in  size 
from  4  to  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet— Cunningham's  White, 
Jacksoni,  caucasicum,  pictum.  Seedling  Hybrids,  Hybrid 
ponticum,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plants- 
HOLLIES,  CONIFERS,  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quantities;  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  now  ready,  and  may  be  had,  gratis  and  post- 
free,  on  application  to  the  Nurseries.  Milton,  Stoke-on-Trent. 

Myrobella. 

PRUNUS  MYROBALANA,  or  CHERRY 
PLUM.— The  best  stuff  for  Mending  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  fast  in  poorest  soils.  Much  stronger 
than  Whilcthorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Stock  for  the  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  to  3  feet,  sent  on  lecept  of  bs.,  50  (or  y. 
Full  further  particulars  of 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havatlt,  Hants. 


Decrmber  i8. 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


771 


GREAT  CLEARANCE  SALE 

BARR'8  BEAUTIFUL  "hardy  DAFFODILS. 


5  before  the  swallow  dares,  and  take  thi 


BARR'S 


ods  of  March  with  beauty 

HARDY     DAFFOdTLs 


Are  acknowledged  to  be  the  fairest  among  the  flowers  of  Spring,  and  form  a  new  and 
popular  feature  in  Spring  Gardening.  They  have  been  awarded  at  different  times  many 
Medals — Gold,  Silver,  and  Bron:e— besides  many  Prises  and  Certificates,  By  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  Royal  Botanic  Society,  Crystal  Police  Company.  S^c,  at  their  London  Spring 
Shows,  where  they  have  always  formed  the  centre  of  attraction. 


ALL    AT    GREATLY    REDUCED    PRICES. 

Barr's  Hybrid  Daffodils. 

,,  (Continue.L) 


Trumpet  Daflfadils.  JjJ 

LARGE    YELLOW    HOOP    PETriCOAT,    id. 
very  beautiful . .  ..36 


:  petaU,  yellow  cup  . 


:  6    — 
I  6    — 


8  6 


:  6     - 


OBVALLARIS  (Tenby  Daffidil),  very  early- 
flowering,  uniform  yellow  petals  and  trumpet 

extra-sized  bulbs  n  6     26     03 

SPURIUS,  rich  full  yellow  petals  and  trumpet, 

large- flowered    ..         ..  ..  ..  ..    10  62003 

VARIIFORMIS  (Parkinson),  a  beautiful 
species,  petals  ranging  from  white  to  prim- 
rose, and  trump  :t  from  sulphur  to  deep 
yellow,  brim  elegantly  recurved       ..  ..     —       5606 

TELAMONIUS    PLENU3,  strong   fljwering 

bulbs  of  the  large  double  Diff.>dil   ..         ..5610    — 
very  large  bulb,     76     13     — 

Chalice  Cup-3haped  Great  Non- 
such Daffodils. 

CONCOLOR,   pttjis  and  cup    yellow,    large 


Euoharis-fiowered  Daffodils. 


lANTHE,  white  petals,  canary-yellow  cup 

Jonquil-like    Daffodils. 


FRANK  MILES,  very  large  yellow  petals  and 


02603 
03604 
03604 
o    3  «    o4 


FIGARO,  large  yellow  petals,  large  spreading 

orange-scirlet  stained  cup     . . 
FAIRY,    yellow    petals,   cup  elegantly-edged 

orange ..8616     — 

GLOW,  yellow  petals,  cup  margined  orange  .,  56  10  — 
SUNLIGHT,  yellowpetals.cupstainedorange  76  13  — 
SULPHUREU3,  sulphur  petals,  cup  yellow..  7613  — 
AS  TR.EV  sulphur  pitals,  yellow  cup  ..  ..  56  10  — 
JOH^f    BULL,  sulphur    petals,  cup   yellow, 

large  and  spreading     ..  2103604 

LONGSHANKS.  sulphur  peta's,  large  yellow 

cup  —      2603 

SANCHO,  sulphur  p3ta!s,  yellow  cup,  tinged 

orange 76t3    — 

ALBIDU3,  sulphur-white  pitals,  yellow  cup  ,     7613    — 

ANNIE  B\DEN,su!phur  petals,  brim  of  cup 

stained  orange,  and  elegantly  contracted  ..    15  o     36     03 

PERICLES,  starry  primrose  petals,  pale  yellow 

cup  —      3604 

STELLA,  large  white  p:tals,  large  yellow  cu?  10  6     16    — 

Ban's    Hybrid    Daffodils. 

GOLDEN  MARY,  yellow  petals  and  cup 


Burbidge's  Daffodils. 

BU.lBIDGE'o  BOZ.ths  yellow  Poet's  DalTjdJ    — 
„    DANDY,  while  petals,  yellow-plaited  cup  15  o 


„    ROBIN  HOOD,  petals  white,  cup  lemon, 

stained  orange —      36 


Poet's  Flowered  Daffodils. 


P0ETICU3  MAJALIS,  petals  pure  white, 
well-formed,  and  generally  Art,  cup-edged, 
saffron,  leaves  erect     ..         ..  ..  ..36 


36    09    —      I    THE  TRIPLE-GASHED  DAFFODIL 


3604 

DAFFODILS,  CHOICE  UIXED,  (or  naluralisatioa  in  shrubberies,  woodland  walks,  &c.,  and  for  cutting 

from,  30^.  per  1000,  45.  6d.  per  100. 
DAFFODILS,  FINE  UIXED,  for  naturalisilion  in  Wild  Girdens,  &c.,  2\s.  per  1000,  31.  6d.  per  100. 
GREAT  NONSUCH  DAFFODILS,  mixed  yellow  varieties,  for  planting  in  beds,  or  in  grais,  desirable 

for  cut  flowers,  35^.  per  1000,  4J.  6d.  per  100. 

BXTNCH-FL.OWERED  DAFFODILS  (Polyanthus  Narcissi),  mixed  varieties,  for  beds  and  borders, 
&c. ,  71.  6d.  per  100,   is.  6d.  per  dozen. 

Clearance  List  of  other  Spring-Jlowering  Bulbs  free  on  application. 

BARR     &SON, 
12  &  13,  KING  STREET,    COVENT  GARDEN,    W,G. 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

On   and  after   fan.    i,    1SS7, 

the    Price  of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

will  be 

Reduced      to     Three      Pence. 

Continental  Nnrserles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Established  iSiS. 

AUGUST   VAN    GEERT  begs   to  offer  to 
the    Trade    the    following    well   grown    PLANTS,     of 
which  he  has  a  nice  healthy  stock  still  on  hand  : — 
INDIAN  AZALEAS,  nice  plants,   well  budded,  Sol.  to  i 
per  100  :  special  price  per  looo. 
..      .,     larger  plants,  ^CS  to  X^iz  per  100. 
CAMELLIAS,     with    flower-buds,    151.,    iSj.,    241.    to 

RHODODENDRONS,  hardy  hybrid,  nice  stuff,  50J.  to  1 
-" budded.  ^6,  1%.  and  .£10  per  too. 


CONIFER.E,  of  sort',  fine,  30s..  6ot.,  to  100. 

WATERER'S  PYRAMIDAL  CYPRESS,  iM  to  2  feet,  40J. 

SPIR.E4  JAPONICA,  l^  and  £6  per  1000. 
LILY  OF   THE  VALLEY,  clumps,  is.  per  dozen. 
HYDRANGEA   PANICULATA  GRANDIFLORA,  231.  to 

PALMS. 

Immense  Stock  on  hand,  of  sorts,  for  Table  Decoration,  looJ, 

SEEDLING    PALMS. 

LATANIA  BORBONICA,  lot.  per  ico. 

CORYPHA  AUSTRALIS,  .51.  per  100. 

ARECA  LUTESCENS.  301.  per  too;  2501.  per  1003. 

PHfENlX  RECLINATA,  8s.  per  100  :  40J.  per  icoo 

KENTIA  BELMOREANA,  60s  per  100  ;  soos  per  Joco 

„     FORSTERIANA,  4  V.  per  loj  ;  500J.  per  1000 
COCOS  AUSTRALIS.  loj  pir  too. 
CHAM/EROPS  FORTUNEI,  81.  per  100;  431.  per  1000. 

SUNDRY    PLANTS. 

IMANTOPHVLLUM,     fine     hybrids,     from     Lindeni,    Van 

Houitei,  &c.,  seedlings,  30J,  to  601.  per  100. 

,.     flowering  plant*,  169^.  per  loo. 
ARAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  nice  plants,  21.  id.  to  %s.  each. 
DRAC«.VATERMINALIS,niceplaot.s,  i2s.to24s  per  dozen. 

,.     AMABILIS,  nice  plants.  i8j.  to  36s.  per  dozen 
FERNS,  nice  plants,  of  sorts,  20s.  to  401   per  loj 
NEW   BEGONIA,    GLORY    OF   SAONE   (he  best  winter 

11  ]wering  plant  out),  2S.  id.  each,   241.  p  -x  dozen. 
NEW  LILLIPUT  Golden  PELARGONIUM,  PRINCESSE 

CLEMENTINE.  2j.  each,  .51.  per  dozen. 
CROTONS,  of  sorts,  nice  plants.  i!s.  per  dozen. 

"OOSES  —  ROSES  —  ROSES.  —  Gloire    de 

-Lt  Dijon.  Mar.<chal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietta,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson,  &c.,  fine 
plants,  8  to  17  f=et  long,  in  7-inch  pots.  25.  id.,  3s.  and  35  id. 
each:  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardin^,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Mad.me 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7inch  pots,  i\s.  and  30J.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
TheLIVERPOOLHORTlCULTURALCO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard,  Garston.  Liverpool. 

T     IMES   —   ELM  ~S—  LIMES. 

XJ   STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 

stems,  fine  heads,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best     red-twigged     variety, 

14  to  16  feet. 

ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  iG  feet. 
Very  cheap  by  the  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  and    SON,    BilUng    Road    Nurseries, 


14    feet,     aod 


Northampton. 


A  LDER,   3   to   4  feet,  12s.  per  1000;    ASH, 

-i^i-  2  to  3  feet,  171.  per  looo  :  ditto,  1%  to  2  feet,  121.  id. 
per  1000.  SPANISH 
ELM,  2  to  3  feet.  i6j. 
per  1000;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet,  201.  per  1000.  LAkCH,  i  to 
ij^  foot,  I2i  id.  per  1020;  ditto,  \\A  to  2  feet,  14J.  per  looo ; 
ditto  e  to  2^-2  feet,  161.  per  looo  ;  dtlto,  2j<  to  3  feet,  i8j.  per 
1000:  ditto.  3  to  4  feet,  22J.  per  1000;  ditto,  5  to  6  feet.  3S1. 
per  1000.  SPRUCE  FIR,  i  to  i"^  foot,  loi.  per  1000;  duio. 
-ix  fj,g(_  J2J.  per  1000:  ditto,  2  to  z%  feet.   i6j.  per  icoo  ; 

00.     SCOTCH  FIR,  I  to  1 1<  for t, 
-      .  .  M  feet,  i8j.  per  1000.     HAZELS. 

3  feet,   20J.  per  ioeo.     OAKS,  2  to  3  feet,  17^.  id.  per  looo. 
SYCAMORE.  2  to  3  feet.  ]6j.  per  looo  ;    ditto,    3  to  4    feet 
THORNS.  iK  to  2  feet,  14J.  per  1000  ,•  ditto! 


o,  3  feet,  bushy. 


2    to   2!^    feet,    i6r.    per    roco ;    ditto,    3   feet.  ' „„. 

PRIVEfS,   2  to  3  feet.   165.   per  tooo.     PRIVETS  OVALI- 
FOLIUM,    2  to  2j^  f«t,_32^-_  per  1000:    ditto.    4   feet,  extra 


bushy, 
ditto, 
2  feet, 


BEECH, 

81.  per  ICOO.   MYROBOLANA  PLUMJ 
_      .  Special  offer  by  50,000  and  100,000. 

GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 


To  the  Trade  Only. 

MESSRS.  DE  GRAAFF  BROS.,  Nurserv- 
MEN,  Leiden,  Holland,  have  a  large  Stock  of  strong, 
healihy  Flowering  Bubs  of  the  following  :- 
AMARYLLIS  CLEOPATRA,  very  free-fljwering. 
„     named  varieties  ;  the  finest  collection  in  Europe. 
,,     seedlincs  of  the  best  \arieties. 
„     F0RMOSISSlMA(Jacobea  Lily). 
,.     ,.     glauca.  the  true  varietv. 
AGAPANTHUS  UMBELLATUS. 
ARUM  CORNUTUM. 
CACTUS  DAHLIA  JUAREZI. 

.,    ,.     CONSTANCE. 
TIGRIDIA  CONCHIFLORA  GRANDIFLORA 
GLOXINIAS,  finest  named  varieties  and  in  mixture 
HELLEBORUS,  fine  seedling  varieties. 
PH.EDRANASSA  GLOKIOSA. 

.,     SCHIZANTHA. 
PLATYCODON  GRANPIFLORA. 

RICHARDIA  ALBO  MACULATA,  the  white  soilted-Ieaved 
MONTBRETIA  POTTSII.  YArum  1  ,lv 

CROCOSM-EFLORA.  '■  ^' 

Price  oa  applicatioo. 


772 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 


[December  i8,  1886, 


1 


SHARPE'S 

NEW 
PEAS. 

"  QUEEN." 

Ss.  per  Half-pint  Sealed  Packet. 

"  SIR  F.  A.  MILLBANK." 

23.  per  Half-pint  Sealed  Packet. 

"  TRIUMPH." 

2s.  6d.  per  Pint  Sealed  Packet. 

"  PARAGON." 

Is.  6d.  per  Pint  Sealed  Packet. 


POST-FREE. 


For   full   description    and    particulars,    see 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  Dec.  4,  1 SS6,  p.  7 10. 


Trade  Prices  of  the  above  and  other  Novelties 
contained  la  Sharpe's  List  of  Specla'ties,  Fast- 
free  on  application. 


CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SEED  MERCHANTS, 

SLEAFORD. 


HERBACEOUS 

AND   ALPINE    PLANTS. 

CATALOGtJE  of  50  Pages,  containing  fall  information  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,  time  of  flowering,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDEKS,  from  25s.  per  too,  or  41.  per  dojen. 

Most  of  the  Plants  being  in  Pots  may  be  despatched  at  any 
lime,  or  by  Parcel  Post  when  fit. 


RICHARD      SMITH      &      CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER. 

SEEDLING        BRIERS. 

Any  quantity  of  3,  z,  and  i-ycar  old  plants. 

NEW  ROSES  of  1885-6. 

15J.  per  dozen  varieties  (my  selection)  ;  30J.  per  25  varieties 

(my  seleciion). 

My  FRENCH  CATALOGUE  of  New  Roses  sent  post-free. 

My  Complete  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  of  over  1200  kinds 

of  the  very  best  Rose:,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending 

out  of  each  variety,  free  fcr  Td.  in  stamps. 

JAMES  L.  BOYSON,  Caen.  Calvados.  France. 


jfOREST,  jf RUIT 


i4    ALL    OTHER 


tiREES  &  jp)LANTS. 


»o9«|,B*»*''t^V«\. 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


THE    FINEST 

LATE    YELLOW 

CEEYSAl^THElUl 


[   CULTIVATION 


a 


For   Cutting  Purposes 


MRS.   JONES," 


First-class  Certificate 

NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY, 

THIS     SEASON. 


It  is  a  sport  from  the  well-known  Japanese 
variety  "  ETHEL,"  and  is  the  exact  counter- 
part of  that  favourite  variety  in  every  way, 
excepting  the  colour,  which  is  a  beautiful  rich 
bright  golden-yellow,  distinct  in  colour  from 
every  variety  in  cultivation,  I  shall  have  no 
quantity  of  flowers  until  CHRISTiVIAS,  the 
main  batch  will  be  at  their  best  from  that  time 
until  the  END  OF  JANUARY;  showing  it 
to  be  a  specially  LATE-flowering  variety. 


Price,   per    Dozen,    Hundred,    and 
Thousand,  zipou.  application. 


THOMAS  S.WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  (in  pots). 

FRANCIS   R.    KINGHORN  offers  very  fine 
stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  to  name. 
LIST  and  Prices  on  application. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

r)  ICHARD  WALKER  can  supply  the  follow- 
yi  ing  for  cash  :— Splendid  SEAKALE,  lor  forcing.  81.  per 
100 ;  for  planting  out,  31.  per  100.  Three  years  old  Giant 
ASPARAGUS,  for  plantine  out,  17s.  per  jcoo ;  for  forcing. 
.£2perio3o.  SoveteiRn  RHUBARB,  the  earliest  and  best  in 
cultivation,  for  planting  out,  is.  per  doien.  Enfield  Market 
and  Early  Rainham  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  ss.  dd.  per  1000. 
Market  Gardens,  Biggleswade. 
I  believe  these  are  the  best  in  the  Trade. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK.  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containing  "  Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  ij, 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  ai 

including    Descriptive     "List    of   New,    R 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  Americ 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

FBRN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


THE  PLANTING  SEASON. 

THE  BEST  ROSES. 

THE  BEST  C.^MELLIAS, 

THE  BEST  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS.  Sc. 

THE  BEST  EVERGREENSandFLOWERINGSHRUBS, 

THE  BEST  PARK  aid  ROADSIDE  TREES, 

THE  BEST  FRUir  TREES  and  GRAPE  VINES, 

THE  BEST  SEEDS,  &c  , 

May  be  seen  and  puichased  at 

WM.    PAUL     cfc    SONS', 

PAULS     NURSERIES, 

WALTHAM     CROSS, 

(atljoining  Wallham    (;ross   Station,    Great    Eastern    Railway, 
possible,    Inspec- 

BULBS. 

Very  long  experience  enables  us  to  offer  the 
BEST  QUALITY  at  a  moderate  price,  as 
proved  by  hundreds  of  Testimonials. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST,  Descriptive,  Select, 
and  comprising  important  NOVELTIES,  on 
application. 

RICHARD  SMITH  &  CO., 

NURSERYMEN   AND   SEED   MERCHANTS, 
WORCESTER. 


12  AZALEA  INDICA 
ORCHIDS,  choice  var 


TROP.SOLUM  : 

„     trico'oumg 
,,    Brachyceras 


CHEAP    OFFERS    IN 

CHOICE   PLANTS 

100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

in  too  varieties,  for  4?r.,  6jr.,  or  losr. 

Other  clTers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,  which  will  be  for- 
warded on  application. 

si  with  flower  buds,  i8r.  and  241, 
varieties,  for  cool  or  warm  house,  in  12,  24, 
tits,  at  21J.  and  42^.  per  dozen. 
400^.  ;  50  varieties,  \oos,  and  1.501. 


ndilloi 


.  td. 


BULB'!  POST-FREE. 


E.    G.    HENDERSON    &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,    Maida  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 


c 


UTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM 
SPAWN.— Too  well  known  to  require 
lescription.  Price  61.  per  bushel 
IS  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
od  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
aces  and  printed    cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 
„     6^   1     WM.      CUTBUSH      and     SON 
i^q2S^  ([  united),      Nurserymen    and    Seed 
5J-'  Merchants.  Hieheal 


■<e^ 


fsroti&n 


71&&... 


S^Ujiici^i/ sMovQVucd  I 


December  i8,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


773 


ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS.  MVOSOTIS,  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS.  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  strong,  trans- 
planted, IS.  per  dozen  ;  5J.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  is.  per  dozen:  4r.  per  100  :  355, 
per  iox>. 

VIOLAS  and  beddinB  PANSIES.  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  is.  6rf.  per  doz;  81.  per  too. 

250,000  Of  the  finest   Hardy  Perennials, 

all  be,t  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  61.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3s.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  5J.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  31.  6</.  per  d->zen. 
PHLOXES,  r  year,  3s.  ;  2  years,  sr.  per  dozen. 
PYRETHRUMS.  41.  per  dozen  ;  sjj.  per  100. 
PRIMROSES,  double   white,  lilac  and   sulphur,  31.    6d.  per 

PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  German  IRIS,  21.  td.  per  dozen. 

Mixed  English  IRIS.  ij.  per  dozen  :  51.  per  too. 

HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  41.  per  dozen  ;  251. 
per  100 

DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shades,  31.  per  dozen. 

HARDY  PERENNIALS  in  variety,  lor  continuous  bloom, 
I2kinds,3j  ;  25  kinds,  6s.  ;  sokinds.  lis. 6^.  ;  100  v.\rietie6, 
SOS.  ;  100  plants  in  50  varieties.  a8/,  ;  200  varieties,  6or, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  ;  five  houses  from  100  to  120 
feet  long,  full  of  these  plants.  Vtry  low  offers  to  make 
room  for  winter  and  spring  stock,  iz  varieties,  6s.  ;  25 
varieties,  isr.  :  50  varieties,  35J. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 

APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 
gs.  and  12s.  per  dozen  :  Standards,  or  ,  12s.,  and  i8r.  per 
dozen  :  dwarf-lrained,  i8j.,  215,,  and  21s.  per  dozen. 

CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  21.  6i.  to  41.  per  dozen, 


STRAWBERRIES,   35  of  the  best  varieties,   ground   plants. 

2f.  6d.  per  roo  :  in  2j<-inch  pots,  lor,  6^.  per  100  :  in  5-tnch 

pots,  for  forcing,  255.  per  100. 
VINES,  10  leading  v.irieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  3s. 

to  51.  each  :  Fruiting  Canes,  6s.  to  71.  t(/.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Roses. 
Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  cf  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  js.  :  50  far  7$s.  ;  ico  for  45J. 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,  NOISETTES,  S:c.,  6s.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 
Conifers,  &c. 

Many  thousands  of  these  in  a'l  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
most  heahhy  and  well  rooted  crindition.     See   Catalogue. 

FOREST  TREES  of  sorts,  6s.  per  dozen  ;  40s  per  100. 

EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  6s.  to  gs.  per  dozen  ;  40s.  and  6oj. 
per  105. 

DECIDUOUS,  all  beautiful  blooming  kinds,  4s.  per  doz:n  ; 

RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet,  pink,  crimson,  &c  , 

shades,  18s.  and  24s.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  lor  hedges,   ;s.  per   ico  ;    43!- 

THORN  QUICKS,  201.  and  251.  per  looo. 

1^"  Eiierything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.    CLIBRAN    &     SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY,   ALTRINCHAM  ; 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER. 

STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  4s.  per  100.  Platts  in  small  pots,  i6j.  per  100  ; 
ditlo  in  large  pot?,  25^-  per  ico.     Descriptive  LIST  Iree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester.  

SPECIAL     CULTURE     OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stock  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 


The  Descriptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON, 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  Zs. 
per  dozen,  6o.y.  per  100.  STANDARDS,  I'^s. 
per  dozen,  loji-.  per  loo.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  Worhi-Jamed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
give  tlie  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  i8j.  to  36.J.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 


THORN  or  QUICK  for  Hedges.— Trans- 
planted,  251.  to  30J  per  loco  ;  strong  transp'anted.  351.  to 
40J.  per  1000:  extra  strong  transpUnted,  40J.  to  501.  per  10:0  ; 
"gapping,"  very  fine,  8i.  per  loo-  All  the  above  are  stout, 
clean,  and  wonderfully  well  rooted. 

RICHARD     SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


.  Worceste; 


LAING'S     GOLD     MEDAL     BEGONIA 
TUBERS,   free  by  Post. 
NAMED  SINGLES,  from  12s.  10471.  per  dozen. 
UNNAMED  SEEDLINGS,  selected  to  colour  for  pot--,  from 
BEDDING,  selected  to  colour,  gs    per  dozen.         [t2s.  per  doz. 
„    mixedcolouis.  3S.  to6s.  perdoz.     CATALOGUES  eiatis. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


WINTER  FLOWERING 

PLANTS. 
ERICA  RCABRIUSCULA,  in  flower,  12s.  per  dozen. 
„     HVEMALIS.  in  flower,  12s.  to  18s.  per  dozen. 
„     WILMOREANA,  full  of  flower-bud,  12s.  to  iSs.  per  doz. 
„     SINDRVANA,  fulloffljwer-bud,  12s.  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA   bushy  and  well  budded.  iSs.  per  doz:n. 
AZALEA  INDICA,  in  variety,  fulof  bud,  i8s.  per  dozen. 
CAMELLIA,  well  budded,  i8s.  2is..  tps  ,  and  3'>s  p;r  dozen. 
GENISTA  FKAGRANS,  coming  into  flower,  121.  per  dozen. 
Full  LIST  on  application. 
JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 


LAURELS,  cS:c.,  cheap  to  clear  :  - 
CAUCASICUM,  i2toi8inches,  7S.  ;  2  to  3  feet,  r4S  : 
COLCHIC,  .;^  to  2  feet,  los.  ;  3  to  4  feet,  20s.;  4  to  5  feet, 
25s.;  Common.  12  to  18  inches,  5s.;  LATIFOLIA,  12  to 
18  inches,  12s.:  2  10  3  feet,  i6s.  ;  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  12  to 
18  inches,  gs,  ;  2  to  i)  feet,  i6s.  PRIVET,  oval-leaved,  a  to 
Sfeet.  5S.     IVY,  Irish,  2  to  3  feet,  gs..     All  per  100. 

ALDER,  2  t03feet.  201.  ASH,  Common,  2t03feet,  22!.  (Ji. 
BIRCH,  2  to  3  feet,  20J.  LARCH,  1%  to  2  feet,  .6s.  ;  2  to 
!"^feet,  aos.     QUICK,  2  to  2^  feet,  22s.  6rf.     SYCAMORE, 


Good  stout  transplanted  jtulT.       SampI 

I.  J.  MARRIOTT,  Walsall.  Slaffordshi 


ppllcatioa. 


NEW   DESSERT  APPLE, 

"BEAUTY    OF    BATH." 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


GEO.  COOLING  &  SONS 

Have  pleasure  in  offering  a  small  Stock  of  this  fine  early 
Dessert  Apple. 

It  ripens  in  July  and  early  part  of  August,  is  quite  distinct,  of 
medium  size,  exceedingly  handsome  in  appearance,  being  oeau- 
tifully  striped  with  led  towards  the  sun,  has  a  brisk,  sweet 
flavour,  and  is  in  every  respect  far  superior  to  Juaeating  or  Irish 
Pekch ;  it  i&  a  large  and  certain  cropper,  and  on  that  account 
will  be  most  valuable  as  a  Market  variety. 

During  the  pasit  two  seasons  it  has  be:n  awarded  ist  Piizes  in 
the  Dessert  Classes  at  Tauntin,  Trowbridge,  Westo.n-supar- 
Mare,  Keevil,  and  other  We.-.t  of  England  Shows,  where  Apples 
are  alwaj  s  well  exhibited. 

Strong  Maiden  Trees,  3s.  6d.  each. 

Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 
As  our  Stock  is  limited  lue  respectfully  solicit  early  orders, 

THE    NURSERIES,    BATH. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford. 

Established,  17S5. 


SPECIAL    CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 


These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  unsurpassedfor  the  cultivation  of 

&OS£S    and    FBTJII    T&EES. 


Descriptive  Catalogues  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO,, 

KING'S    ACRE    NURSERIES, 
HEREFORD. 


CANNELL  &   SONS' 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

Dosltlvo  proof  of  the  superiority  of  country-grown 
cuttings  and  plants. 
Fromf.  MAC HATTIE,  Esq,  Gardens,  New- 
battle  Abbey,  Dalkeith,  December  9,  18S6. 

"  /  may  inform  yoit  that  I  took  all  the  best 
pri::es  for  cut  blooms  and  plants  at  Edinburgh. 
1  am  certainly  indebted  to  you  for  your  kind 
assistance." 

See  our  NEW  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  the 
most  practical  and  by  far  the  best  ever  issued :  sent 
post-free.  


lT#&+to'^^•lK<f,^-H«W£R; 


SIR     WATKIN,    the     best     NARCISSUS 
grown;  also  aU  other  varieties.     Priced  CATALOGUE 

JAMESDICKSON  and  SONS.  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 


G  LOIRE     DE     NANCY     CLOVES,    pure 
white,  fine  strong  plants,  3$^.  per  100,   f.o.b.   Hamburg. 
Samples  at 

J.  RIENGEL  AND  CO.,   2A,    Moor  Lane,  opposite  Rope- 
maker  Street.  E.G. 

CHRISTMAS  TREES. —  SPRUCE  FIRS, 
2  feet,  8f-  per  ico  ;  ajj  feel,  gj.  per  100 ;  3  feet,  X3S.  per 
100  ;  4  feet,  its.  per  100  ;  without  roots,  5  feet,  aoi,  ;  6  feet, 
AS.  per  dozen.  All  bushy  and  well  fm-nished.  Remittance 
with  order. 

GARLIES   MITCHELL,   Nurseryman.  Stranraer. 

"TiWARF  RbSES,  "itnill~the   finest"  kinds. 

.^-^     The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selection  No.  i,  50J.  per  100. 


but 


FLOWERING  SHRUBS.— LILAC,  MOCK 
ORANGE.  WEIGELA.  ALMOND,  ALTHEA,  BER- 
BERIS.  CHERRY,  CYTISSUS.  HYDRANGEA.  HYPERI- 
CUM, MEZEREUM,  RIBES,  SPIRyEA,  RHUS.  VIBUR- 
NUM. &c.  :  %s.  per  dozen.  50!.  per  100.    Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

ILIUM    AURATUM.— MORLE    &    Co.'s 

consignmeDts  are  now  arriving  in  splendid  condition, 
guaranteed.  The  cheapest  for  quality  in  the  trade.  Fine,  sound, 
firm,  heavy  Uulbs,  41..  6s.,  qs.,  and  i2r.  per  dozen  ;  301.,  45s. 
to  75J.  per  100.     Samples  on  application. 

1  and  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 

PRU CE    FIRyfor~Christma3  Trees,  fine, 

2  to  3  feet,  III.  per  loo,  .£5  per  ico3.  London  PLANES, 
'o  to  12  feet,  iCi  per  100.  Dwarf  ROSES,  all  best  kinds,  Bna 
clean  plants,  25,.  per  ,00. 

W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

Garden  Flower  Seeds  and  Spring  Bulbs. 
p     G.    VAN     TUBERGEN,     Jun.,     BULn 

V7.  Grower  and  Seedsman.  Haarlem.  Holland,  begs  to 
announce  that  his  CATALOGUE  of  the  above  is  now  ready, 
and  may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  Lord  n,  E.C. 

C^  H RYSANTHEMUMS.  — New  Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  of  all  the  New  and    Choice   Varieties 
considered   worth  cultivation,  with  Cultural  Directions.      750 
varieties  in  stock.     Post-free  ^d. 
ROBERT  OWEN,  Floral  Nursery,  Castle  Hill,  Maidenhead. 

E^  IGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  dowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddins,  from  i3r.  to  us,  per  dozen,  strong  plant£. 
Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO..  Nursarymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


There  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supplies  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3*.  each. 
All  the  finer  old  kinds  at  is.  to  2S.  each. 

SPIR/KA  PALMATA.— The  finest  forcing  clusters  in  tha 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 

To  tie  Trade. 
SEED  POTATOS. 

HAND     F.     SHARPE'S     Special    Price 
•     LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS  is  now  ready,  and  may  be 
had  on  application.     It  comptises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cuU 
tivaticn  grown  specially  for  Seed    purposes    from  the   finest 
selected  slocks.     The  prices  will  be  found  very  advantageous. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

Finest  QualitF,  Extra  Cheap. 

MORLE      AND       CO.     offer:  — 
AZALEA  INDICA,  full  of  flower-buds,  ijt.,  2\s.,  and 
301.  per  d  zen. 
CAMELLIAS,  full  of  flower-buds,  iZs.,  24r.,  to  36J.  per  dcztn  ; 

specimens.  51.  to  15^.  each. 
RHODODENDRONS,  finest  named,  i8j.  to  30J.  per  dozen. 
DEUrZIA  GRACILIS,  extra  strong,  6s.  per  dozen. 
SPIR/i:^  JAPONICA,  extra  strong,  41.  per  dozen. 
LI  LY  of  the  VALLEY,  extra  strong  Berlin  Crowns.  61.  per  ito. 
TUBEROSES,  Double  African  and  American  Pearl.     Largest 
and   cheapest  stock  in  the  Trade.      See   special    LIST. 
Trade  Supplied. 
MORLE    AND   CO..   I  and  2,   Fenchurch   Street ;   and  at 
Child's  Hill  Farm  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  beat  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  ij,,  2s.  6J.,  51.  6d., 
and  los.  6d.,  or  i  cwt.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbronk  Bone  Mills, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 

ELP—  KELP  —  KELP.— 

This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  made  from  the  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digilata  and  other  selected  seaweeds, 
is  especially  rich  in  Potash,  and  Phosphoric  Acid.  Mixed  wilh 
three  times  its  bulk  of  dry  soil,  its  effect  on  Vine  Bjrder?, 
Tomato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene-, 
ficial,  while  no  better  dressing  exists  for  Potatos  Peas.  Sea- 
kale,  and  Celerv.  It  is  an  excellent  Renovator  for  Old 
Garden  Soil,  and  exhausted  and  Moss-grown  Lawns.  Price 
(for  cash  with  order  only),  Ss.  per  bushel-bsg,  bag  included. 
Carriage  paid  on  orders  of  2  busheU  and  over. 

J,   E.   F.eREY,  La  Poudretterie.  St.  Martins,  Jersey. 

N.B.  — As  the  Seaweeds  selected   for  this  Ash  can  only  be 

hai vested  during  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  months. 

and   then  at  some  distance  from  the  mainland,  the   supply  is 

necessarily  limited,  and  Orders  will  therefore  be  executed  in 


COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE,  newly 
made.  Truckload  (2  tons).  £x  :  40  baRs,  251.  Free  on 
rail.  Cash  with  order.— J.  STEVENS  and  CO.,  Fibre, 
Merchants,  t^^^  High  Street,  Batlersea,  S.W. 


774 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  1886. 


SUTTON'S  CHOICE  NOVELTIES. 

SEASON     1887.  

SUTTON'S  NOVELTIES  IN  VEGETABLES,  I  SUTTON'S  NOVELTIES  IN  FRUITS, 


Price 
Is., 

POST 

FR  E  IS. 

Gratis  to  Customers. 


For  Prices  and  Pull  Particulars  see 


NOW 

BEADY. 


UTTON'S     _ 

amateur's 
Guide . 


Beatitifully  Ilhisimted  with 
Coloured  and  Toned  Plates 
and  numerous  Engravings. 


READING, 


Price 
Is., 

POST 

FREE. 

Gratis  to  Customers. 


SUTTON'S  NOVELTIES  IN  FLOWERS,   I  SUTTON'S  NOVELTIES  IN  POTATOS. 


Royal  Berkshire  Seed  Kstablishment,  Reading. 


COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO    HUNDBED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  ' 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  63.  ;    fifty,  10s.  ;   and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of  not   less   than  twenty-five    delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in   London   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.O. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-WIDE  FAME. 


CAMBRIC 


>>   (    THE 

)  QUEEN. 


TRISH     CAMBRIC    POCKET    HAND- 

-L  KERCHIEFS.  Hemmed  for  Use.  Per  dozen-Child- 
ren's. 1j.  iJ.  ;  Ladies',  2-.  V,id  \  Geollemei.'s.  3j.  6i. 
Hemstitched  —  Ladies',  2r.  \V,id.  ;  Gsnls',  4t.  \\d. 
Samples  post-free. 


TRISH     MADE    SHIRTS.  —  Best    Otiality 

-L  Lnngcloth  Bodies,  with  four.fold  all  Linen  Fronts  and 
CulTs.  36i.  6d.  the  half  dozen  (to  measure  2t-  extra).  New 
Des'gns  in  our  special  Indian  Gauze.  Piloted  ShirtiUES,  aud 
unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  season. 


"  These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  exoellence  and  cheapness."— Ci»<r/ 7j«>-«i;/. 


TRISH  LINEN  COLLARS  and  CUFFS. 

X.  Collars— Ladies'  and  Children's  three-fold,  3i.  bd. 
per  dozen  ;  Gentlemen's  four-fold,  4i.  Wd.  to  hs.  lid.  per 
dozen.  Cuffs  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  and  Children,  6s.  ll*/. 
to  10s.  9d.  per  dozen.  "Their  Irish  Linen  Collars,  CufTi, 
Shirts,  &c. ,  have  the  merit  of  excellence  and  cheapness  " — 
Court  Circular.     Samples  post-free. 


POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.— Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetings,  fully 

J-  bleached,  2  yards  wide,  Is.  8J.  per  yard  ;  2H  yards  wide,  2s.  ^%d. 
per  yard  (ihe  most  durable  article  made,  and  far  superior  to  any  foreign 
ma;iufactured  good^).  Roller  Towelling,  18  ioche?  wide,  Z%ii  per  yard. 
Surplice  Lineo,  fd.  per  yard;  Check  Dusters,  2j.  6^.,  Glass  Cloths, 
4i.  Qd.  ptr  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diapers  %%d.  per  yard. 
Samples  post-free.     Frilled  Linen  Pillow  Cases  from  If.  ^%d.  each. 


'  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— T^^  ^■?'i>. 


I 

sou 
Co 

RISK 

DAMASK 

TABLE 

LINEN.— Fish   Napkins,   | 

2t.  6d.  ce 
are,   2s.  9.i 
id.    each. 
is-of-Arms 

rdwen 

Strong 
Initial 

Dinner  Napkins 
yards    by    3  yard 
Huckabuck  "Towe 
,&c.,  woven  and  e 

4j.  6./.  pe 
,    6s.  M. 
s,  4t.  a. 

nbroidered. 

r  doz 
each, 
per 
Sar 

en.     Table  Cloths 
Kitchen    Table 
ozen.     Monogram 
nples  post-free. 

2  yards 

Cloths, 

,  Crests, 

HANDKERCHIEFS. 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST 

(^By  Special  AppoinUnents  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.I.  and  R.H,  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany.) 


December  iS,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


775 


PAUL  &  SON'S 

Great    "Hardy  Plant"  Nurseries, 

THE  OLD  NURSERIES,  CHESHUNT. 

station  Gnat  Eastern  Railmay,  13  miles  from  London. 


THE  NEW  EDinOM  OF  ROSE 

and  Fruit  and  Oraamcntal  Tree  Catalogues  are  carefully  pre- 
pared and  vvoitS  consulting  by  Planters. 
Post-free  on  application. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  CHESHUNT  B0SE3 

ned  the  80  years'  reputation  of  Paul's  Firm. 


PAUL  &  SON'S  FRUIT  TREES. 

Unquestionably  the  finest  standard  Apples,  Pears,  and 
Plums  in  the  Trade.  50,000  for  Sale.  Large  planters 
should  come  direct  to  the  producers, 

PAUL  &  SON'S  ORNAMENTAL  TREES. 

Particoloured,  Avenue,  or  Shelter  Trtes  in  almost  un- 
rivalled variety. 

PAUL  (fc  SON'S  SHRUBS  &  EVERGREENS 

Hollies-S  acres  of  the  finest  Gold  and  Silver  kinds.  All 
evergreens  so  frequently  transplanted  as  tobesa''e  to  remove, 

PAUL  &  SON'S  AMEEICAN  PLANTS, 

Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  smothered  with  bud.  Grown 
in  loam  at  the  High  Beech  Nursery. 

PAUL  &  SON'S  HERBACEOUS  &  ALPINE 
PLANTS. 

An  immense  variety  at  the  new  Broxbourne  Nursery, 
specially  devoted  to  these  plants. 

PAUL     &     SON", 

THE    OLD     NURSERIES,    CHESHUNT, 

were  the  continuous  exhibitors  at  the  Coliodrjia. 


BE     CAREFUL    IN     THE    ADDRESS. 

Kent  — The  Garden   of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TREES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(Established  t7,)6),  will  forward,  for  Six  Stamps,  their 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyrifiht  edition). 
See  Gardeners'  Cliyomcte  of  Sept  i,  p.  25S.  Tire  finest  stock  ever 
offered— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots  Frequent  Irafis 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 

FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

APPLES.  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FKUIT  TREES, 
as  Standards,  D waifs,  Pyramids,  BuAes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES  exnellent  Canes,  31.  id.  to  lor  id.  Orchard  House 
Trees  in  pots,  PE.A.CHES,  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  51.     FIGS  from  31  6rf.  ,       ,     ,   ,  • 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  of  the  various 
forms  of  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure  Pruning,  Lifting,  Cropping.  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms.  Quality,  Size,  Form,  Skin,  Colour.  Flesh, 
Flavour  Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price, &c.,  free  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

DARTMOUTH    CRAB . 

NOTICE. 

HAVING  purchased  the  principal  part  of 
Mr.  Laxton's  Stock  of  this  handsome 
fruit,  we  are  able  to  supply  the  Trade  at  I5f. 
per  dozen.  It  is  a  remarl:able  sort,  in  size  and 
colour  resembling  a  large  Victoria  Plum.  Good 
dessert  quality,  vigorous  grower,  and  very  fertile. 
Stock  very  limited.     Order  early. 


HARRISON  k  SONS, 

ROYAL    NURSERIES,    LEICESTER. 
PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUT    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desuous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  TREES, 
Kentish    Cob   and   other   Nut   Tress, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eaily  as  convenient  to 

Mr.   COOPER,  ERHS,    Calcot   Gardens,    Reading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sorts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS    and    PAMPHLETS     on    application. 


SPECIAL     NOTICE. 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

SATURDAY   NEXT, 

December  25, 
WILL     CONTAIN     A     BEAUTIFULLY 

COLOURED  ALMANAC 

(18  laolies  by  13  Incliea), 
FROM   AN   ORIGINAL  DESIGN. 


Price  Flvepenca ;   Post-free,  Flvepence-Halfpenny  1 

OR   WITH 

ALMANAC  MOUNTED  ON  OAK  ROLLERS, 

READY  TO    BE   HUNG  UP,  AND  ENCLOSED   IN   CASE, 

Bevenpence ;  Post-free,  Elghtpencc-Halfpenny. 


Purchasers  are  specially  recommended  to  order 
the  Almanac  in  a  Case, 

TO   PREVENT   INJURY   FROM  FOLDING. 

The  Publisher  cannot  be  responsible  for  injury  to  the 
Almanac  unless  it  is  so  protected. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS. 

As  a 

LARGE     EXTRA      SALE 

of  this  Number  is  guaranteed,  it  will  be  a  very 
valuable  medium  for  Advertisements. 


APPLICATIONS     FOR     SPACE 

Bhould  be  Bent  In 
NOT  LATER  than  TUESDAY  NEXT,  the  21st  Inst. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,      WELLINGTON      STREET, 
STRAND,    W.C. 


THE 


dlarda^rs'  ^rxrniri^. 


SATURDAY,    DECEMBER    18,    1S86, 


PLANT    GROUP    AT    THE 

E.XETER  SHOW. 

(See  Supplementary  Sheet.) 

THE  subject  of  our  illustration  is  a  pic- 
turesque group  of  flowering  and  foliage 
plants,  arranged  by  Messrs.  Robert  Veitcli 
&  Son,  of  Exeter,  for  the  exhibition  of  the  Devon 
and  E.xeter  Horticultural  Society  in  August  last. 
One  end  of  a  large  oblong  marquee  was  placed 
at  Messrs.  Veitch's  disposal,  and  in  this  space 
they  arranged  their  plants  in  a  novel  and 
artistic  manner.  The  staging  was  covered  with 
irregular  blocks  of  virgin  cork,  which  were 
arranged  in  a  natural  and  irregular  group,  here 
and  there  a  boulder  sticking  out,  there  a 
mossy  knoll,  while  the  sides  were  flanked 
by  Ivy-covered  rocks  and  subtropical  vegeta- 
tion. In  the  centre  of  the  rockwork  was  a 
little  pond — silvered  glass  representing  the 
water — which  appeared  to  run  back  among  the 
caves  formed  by  the  rocks  until  lost  to  sight. 
On  the  verge  of  this  pond  were  growing  little 
patches  of  aquatic  plants.  Ferns,  Reeds,  Pitcher- 
plants,  Sarracenias,  &c.  Projecting  from  the 
overhanging  rocks  were  graceful  foliage  plants, 
such  as  Doryanthes  Palmeri,  with  Ampelopsi?, 
Clematis,  and  Ivy,  clinging,  as  it  were,  to 
the  sides.  Here  and  there  were  bright  telling 
patches  of  double  and  single  Begonias  of 
varying  hues,  from  pure  white  to  deep  crimson. 
In  the  crevices  were  some  very  interesting  little 
alpines— alpine  Poppies,  Anemones,  Edelweiss, 
and  other  rock  plants.  Standing  up  boldly 
from  the  sides  were  some  stately  perennials 
such  as  Campanulas  and  Delphinium  hybridum 
in  many  shades  of  blue  ;  while,  affording  a 
fine  contrast,  were  several  tall  trusses  of  Lilium 
auratum  with  some  of  the  shorter  Lilies  like 
L.  Harris!  at  their  feet.  Overhanging,  and 
arranged  with  good  effect,  were  Tree  Ferns  and 
many  of  the  hardy  British  Ferns,  backed  up 
with  fine  specimens  of  Eucalyptus  globulus  — 
the  foliage  of  the  Gum  trees  making  a  fine  set- 
off to  the  Fern  fronds  and  the  gayer  colours 
below.  A  few  Orchids  were  judiciously  but 
sparingly  introduced. 

In  the  evening  of  the  show  day  fairy  lamps 
were  dotted  about  here  and  there  on  the 
margin  of  the  pond  and  among  the  rocks,  while 
from  boughs  and  jutting  "  boulders"  were  sus- 
pended pretty  Arabian  lamps,  which  threw  a 
warm,  subdued  light  over  the  group.  There 
is  no  doubt  but  that  much  could  be  done  in  this 
direction  in  staging  plants  at  flower  shows  to 
relieve  their  tiresome  monotony  and  to  show 
plants  to  their  best  advantage.  In  this  case 
Messrs.  Veitch  only  commenced  the  erection  of 
their  group  the  day  before  the  show.  It  is  there- 
fore all  the  more  creditable  to  them  that  they 
should,  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  as  it  were, 
have  produced  an  effect  so  happy  and  so  sug- 
gestive. But  with  the  material  at  their  disposal, 
and  their  known  capabilities  in  this  respect, 
there  is  no  room  for  surprise  at  the  result. 


776 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  1886. 


CYPRIPEDIUM  PR.'ESTANS,  RcM.f.,  n.  sp." 
A  MOST  unexpected  surprise.  I  have  before  me  a  living 
plant,  a  fine  peduncle  bearing  five  floweri  and  buds,  and 
a  single  flower,  beautifully  preserved  in  alcohol.  It  is 
of  Papuan  origin,  and  was  kindly  sent  to  me  by 
Messrs.  Linden.  When  looking  at  the  contents  of 
the  mighty  bottle,  full  of  varieties  and  novelties  in 
company  with  smaller  ones,  I  thought  of  Cypripedium 
glanduligerum,  Bluine.  It  is,  however,  not  that  species, 
as  both  my  herbarium  and  the  Kitmphia  show  dis- 
tinctly that  Blume's  plant  is  less  vigorous  ;  it  has 
much  smaller  bracts,  quite  distinct  petals,  and  last, 
but  D)t  least,  a  straight  stigma.  The  star-like  orna- 
ments nn  the  petals  show  that  it  is  an  associate  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Parish's  Cypripedium. 

The  leaves  of  the  living  plant  have  all  the  strong 
texture  and  the  varnish  of  those  of  Cypripedium  laevi- 
gatum  and  C.  Robbelenii.  The  peduncle  is  very 
strong,  covered  with  short  dark  hairs.  The  in- 
florescence is  five-flowered,  and  appears  to  have  been 
pendulous.  The  spalhaceous  bracts  are  nearly  equal 
to  the  stalked  ovary.  The  flowers  surpass  all  those 
of  the  above-named  species,  and  are  nearly  as  large 
as  those  of  Cypripedium  grande.  Both  sepals  are 
nearly  equal,  though,  curiously  enough,  the  connate 
one  is  rather  broader.  The  three  median  nerves  are 
keeled  outside,  petals  linear-ligulate,  very  much 
undulated  at  the  base,  as  in  a  fine  Methonca  (Gloriosa), 
lipering  at  the  end,  surpassing  the  lip  by  one-third. 
The  lip  has  a  very  long  channelled  stalk,  and  has  the  un- 
commonly elegant  shape  of  that  of  Cypripedium  Stonei 
itself.  The  staminode  is  like  that  of  Cypripedium 
Robbelenii,  exceedingly  gibbous  at  the  base,  abruptly 
acuminate  at  the  top,  villous  on  the  sides. 

The  greatest  merit  of  the  plant  lies  in  its  qaite 
novel  stigma,  which  is  broken  up,  and  ascends 
at  right  angles  like  a  beak.  The  stigmatic  bodies 
of  Cypripedium  laevigatum  and  C.  Robbeleni  are 
a  little  ascending  at  the  top,  but  this  one  is  quite 
distinct, 

1  learn  from  Mons.  Lucien  Linden  that  the  plant 
has  its  sahol  jaiine  and  the  sepals  strih  de  brun  fond. 
H.  G.  Kchb.  f. 

OpLISMENUS  BtJRMANNI   VAR.    ALBIDULUM 
(nev)  var.). 

This  is  a  most  charming  little  grass,  new,  distinct, 
and  pretty,  which  has  been  recently  introduced  from 
India  by  Messr?.  Veitch  &  Sons.  It  is  a  variety  of 
the  common  and  widely  spread  O.  Burmanni,  and 
dilTers  from  the  well  known  variety  variegatum  (or 
I'anicum  variegatum,  as  it  is  often  called  in  gardens) 
by  its  dwarfer  and  more  compact  habit  and  diffirently 
coloured  foliage.  The  stems  are  rather  stouter,  more 
erect,  and  far  less  straggling  than  in  the  variety 
variegatum,  and  the  leaves  are  white  with  a  pale 
green  stripe  or  ill-defined  area  along  the  midrib. 
I  am  informed  that  the  plant  comes  true  from  seed  ; 
the  white  foliage  is  charming,  and  being  of  quick 
growth  and  compact  habit  this  pretty  little  grass  is 
likely  to  become  a  useful  and  desirable  decor^ttive 
plant.  iV,  E.  Brown. 


EDWARD    PYNAERT. 

Many  of  our  readers,  frequenters  of  the  Ghent 
"Quinquennials,"  and  others,  will  be  glad  to  see 
the  vera  e^igies  of  M.  Pynaert  (on  opposite  page), 
whose  quarter  of  a  century  of  service  as  Professor  in 
the  Slate  School  of  Horticulture  at  Ghent,  was  cele- 
brated, as  recorded  by  us  at  the  time,  with  so  much 
spirit  a  short  time  since. 


*  Cypripedium  prastans.  —  Foliis  corlaceis  ligulatis  apice 
minutissime  ina:quali-bilobis,inferne  sub  ncrvomediano  carinatis, 
ultra  pedalibus,  ultra  duos  polHces  latis,  nitidissimis  ;  peduo- 
culo  pilosulo  pluriflor),  racemoso  (quinquefioro) ;  bracteli 
spathaceis  carinatis  (apice  tridentatis),  ovaria  pediccUata  Ixvie 
subsequantibus,  sepalis  laevigatis,  sepalo  imparl  oblongo- 
ligiilato  aciito  supra  nervum  raedianum  carlnato,  sepalo  par 
sublatiorl  subxquali  bicarinato ;  tepalis  deBexis  linearibus 
demum  angus'.ioribus  tabellum  superantibus,  basi  cnergetice 
undulatis,  hinc  mar^inibus  basin  versus  pilosuiis  ;  labelli  unguc 
canaliformi  elongato,  calceo  obtuse  conico  abrupto  ;  slaminodio 
basi  valde  gibbo  lanceo  acutninato  lateribus  pilosulo;  stigmata 
tiiangulo  sub  angulo  recto  flexo  adcendente.  Ex  ins.  Papu  ; 
introd.  cl.  I.indcn.  //.  G.  Rchb.f, 


MARKET-PLANTS. 

Mignonette. — The  immense  quantity  of  Mignon- 
ette grown  annually  for  market  purposes  proves  that 
it  is  one  of  the  most  popular  of  flowering  plants  ; 
although  there  is  a  certain  demand  for  it  throughout 
the  year,  it  is  during  the  early  spring  and  summer 
months  that  it  is  most  wanted,  being  then  used  for 
purposes  of  every  description. 

A  few  years  ago  there  was  scarcely  any  that  sold 
more  readily  than  Mignonette,  but  during  the  last 
three  or  four  years  the  supply  has  been  quite  equal  to 
the  demand,  and  a  considerable  improvement  has  been 
observed  in  its  culture.  In  growing  Mignonette  for 
market,  to  secure  a  profitable  return  it  must  be  well 
grown — that  is,  it  must  be  dwarf,  with  fresh  green 
foliage  down  to  the  pots,  with  stout,  sturdy  spikes  of 
bloom.  If  a  regular  succession  be  kept  up — say,  from 
early  in  March  to  the  end  of  June— a  fair  average  price 
may  be  relied  upon,  though  perhaps  during  the  time 
there  may  be  a  glut,  when  the  price  may  fall  very 
low.  I  have  known  really  first-class  stuff  to  be  sold 
for  3J.  6i/.  per  dozen  pots,  and  it  may  have  been  sold 
for  considerably  less  than  this;  but  a  fair  average  price 
is  from  51.  to  gj.  per  dozen,  and  anything  extra  good 
m,iy  fetch  12^.  per  dozen,  especially  early  in  the 
season. 

It  is  to  the  late  Mr.  Parsons,  of  Brighton,  that  we 
are  indebted  for  the  first  great  improvement  in  the 
varieties  of  Mignonette.  He  was  also  one  of  the  most 
successful  cultivators  of  his  time.  It  was  with  my 
father,  who  was  nursery  manager  to  Mr.  Parion?, 
that  I  commenced  my  gardening  career,  and  from 
that  time  I  have  always  taken  a  great  interest  in  this 
fragrant,  though  unassuming  flower.  I  well  remember 
the  first  plant  that  was  selected,  from  which,  after 
several  years'  selection  "  Parson's  White,"  Reseda 
odorata  eximia,  was  obtained;  this  was  a  great  im- 
provement on  any  other  variety  grown  at  that  time. 
It  was  exhibited  at  South  Kensington  in  the  spring  of 
1870,  and  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate,  it 
also  obtained  several  other  first-class  awards  the  same 
season.  It  is  now  difHcult  to  obtain  a  new  strain  of 
this  variety.  Its  chief  characters  were  the  whiteness 
of  the  flowers,  which  was  caused  by  an  almost  entire 
absence  of  stamens  (the  anthers  of  which  give  the 
colour  in  other  varieties) ;  and  an  unusual  development 
of  the  petals,  the  individual  flowers  being  more  than 
twice  the  size  of  those  of  any  ordinary  variety,  the 
spikes  of  bloom  of  great  length,  and  the  plant  of 
vigorous  habit. 

Miles'  Spiral  is  another  good  variety  :  this  origin- 
ated with  Mr.  Miles,  of  West  Brighton  ;  the  stock 
was  obtained  from  one  plant,  which  came  up  among 
a  batch  of  the  dwarf  red  Continental  variety,  amelio- 
rata.  I  saw  the  parent  plant  of  this  variety,  and  I 
may  say  I  have  never  seen  a  finer  spike  of  bloom  on 
so  dwarf  a  plant  as  that  produced.  In  the  collection 
that  was  grown  for  trial  at  Chiswick  a  few  years  ago 
this  proved  to  be  one  of  the  best  for  pot  work,  being 
dwarf  in  habit  and  producing  fine  bold  spikes  of 
bloom.  Although  this  was  received  from  several  firm;, 
there  was  but  little  variation,  which  is  more  than 
could  be  said  of  some  of  the  varieties.  Vilmorln's 
pyramidalis  grandifiora,  is  one  of  the  best  for  market 
work  ;  it  is  dwarf  in  habit,  of  vigorous  growth,  and 
produces  stout,  though  rather  short  spikes  of  bloom. 
In  this  variety  the  stamens  are  numerous,  and  the  red- 
dish-brown anthers  are  very  conspicuous,  Matchet  is 
a  newer  variety,  producing  immense  spikes  of  bloom  ; 
it  is  one  of  the  best  for  market  work.  Golden  Queen, 
or  ameliorata  aurea,  is  another  very  distinct  variety,  of 
dwarf  habit ;  in  this  variety  the  anthers  are  yellow  ; 
it  is  very  pretty  as  a  variety,  but  of  no  value  for 
market  purposes. 

Besides  the  varieties  above  mentioned,  there  are 
many  others  offered,  some  of  which  are  distinct.  In 
referring  to  two  catalogues  that  happen  to  be  at  hand, 
I  find  in  one  twelve  varieties,  all  enumerated,  while 
in  the  other  there  were  eight  ;  and  as  the  same  names 
occur  in  only  four  instances  it  would  signify  sixteen 
varieties.  I  think  that  some  of  the  names  given  are 
misleading,  such  as  Crimson  Giant,  Pyramidal  Bouquet, 
Crimson  Queen,  &c.  As  far  as  I  have  seen,  these 
varieties  are  very  little  better  than  the  ordi- 
nary form,  and  certainly  do  not  merit  the  names 
applied  to  them. 

All  the  varieties  of  Mignonette  are  liable  to  con- 
siderable variation,  and  it  requires  great  care  in 
saving  the  seed  to  secure  a  true  strain,  especially 
where  there  are  several  varieties  grown  together. 
Where  a  batch  of  any  variety  is  intended  for  seed,  it 


should  be  grown  in  an  isolated  position,  and  as  they 
come  into  Bower  they  should  be  gone  through  and  any 
of  inferior  quality  pulled  out,  otherwise  the  stock 
will  soon  deteriorate. 

Culture. 

The  best  position  for  growing  pot-Mignonette  in  is 
in  pits  or  frames,  and  as  one  great  point  is  to  keep  it 
as  dwarf  as  possible,  the  closer  to  the  glass  it  can  be 
kept  the  better ;  it  is  also  necessary  that  the  glass 
should  be  kept  clean.  In  preparing  a  range  of  pits 
for  Mignonette  it  is  a  good  plan  to  have  them  in  three 
sections,  the  first  to  be  filled  up,  so  that  when  the 
seed-pots  are  plunged  they  are  within  3  or  4  inches 
of  the  glass  ;  by  the  time  the  plants  require  more  room 
they  may  be  transferred  to  the  second  section,  which 
should  be  a  little  deeper  ;  here  they  may  remain  until 
they  require  tying,  when  they  should  be  placed  in  the 
third  section,  which  should  be  deep  enough  for  the 
plants  to  remain  until  they  come  into  flower  and 
are  fit  for  market.  A  regular  succession  may  be 
kept  up  by  filling  the  first  section  of  the  pit  in  two 
separate  sowings,  the  second  to  be  made  about  the 
time  the  first  is  beginning  to  show  the  second 
leaves  :  by  following  on  with  successive  sowings  each 
section  may  be  kept  filled  up,  and  a  regular  supply 
obtained. 

In  preparing  the  seed-pots  they  should  be  well 
drained,  and  it  is  a  good  plan  to  mix  a  little  soot  with 
the  drainage.  The  compost  for  filling  the  pots  may 
consist  of  good  maiden  loam,  with  a  little  well-rotted 
manure  added,  or,  whit  is  often  used  by  market 
growers,  any  old  potting  soil,  with  a  little  manure 
added  ;  provided  the  soil  be  fairly  rich  and  not  too 
heavy,  anything  that  is  at  hand  may  be  used,  care 
should  be  taken,  however,  that  it  is  as  free  from  worms 
as  possible.  In  filling  the  pots  the  soil  should  be 
pressed  as  firmly  as  possible,  and  the  seed  should  be 
well  covered  with  soil. 

For  early  spring  work  the  seed  should  be  sown  in 
the  autumn — say,  about  the  beginning  of  September — 
and  throughout  the  winter  it  should  only  have  suf- 
ficient warmth  to  keep  the  frost  off.  The  first  spring 
sowing  may  be  made  about  the  middle  of  February. 
That  sown  in  the  autumn  as  well  as  that  sown  early 
in  the  year  requires  great  care  to  keep  it  healthy  until 
the  days  get  longer  and  the  weather  brighter  ;  the 
main  thing  is  to  avoid  it  getting  drawn  and  weakly. 

Thinning-out,  Watering,  &c. 

As  soon  as  the  seedlings  are  large  enough  to  handle 
they  should  be  thinned  out,  leaving  from  six  to  nine 
plants  in  a  pot-  Six  plants  will  be  quite  enough  to  fill 
a  48-sized  pot,  but  it  is  best  not  to  thin  too  closely  at 
first,  in  case  of  a  few  plants  damping  off. 

Watering  is  one  of  the  most  important  matters 
connected  with  the  culture  of  Mignonette.  Great 
cire  must  be  taken  not  to  get  the  pots  too  wet, 
especially  during  the  earlier  stages  ;  as  the  plants  get 
more  advanced  and  the  pots  full  of  roots  it  is  neces- 
sary to  guard  against  the  other  extreme  ;  either  excess 
is  very  damaging,  if  not  fatal,  at  any  time.  As  soon 
as  the  roots  get  round  the  pot-,  liquid  manure  may  be 
used,  beginning  by  using  it  weak,  and  using  it  more 
freely  as  the  plants  advance. 

Ventilation  must  always  be  given  freely,  and  no 
artificial  heat  used  except  to  keep  out  frost.  A. 
Hejiisley. 

THE    SEED    TRADE. 

The  Pea  Crop. — The  Pea  crops  have  not  turned 
out  so  satisfactorily  as  the  trade  were  led  to  suppose 
they  would  two  months  ago.  The  early  deliveries 
were  generally  of  a  decidedly  assuring  character,  but 
later  ones  show  that  the  main  crop  and  late  varieties 
have  unfortunately  in  not  a  few  instances  suffered  very 
much  indeed.  Especially  does  this  appear  to  be  the 
condition  of  things  in  the  Lincolnshire  district,  where, 
although  there  was  at  one  time  the  promise  of  good 
crops,  a  very  large  portion  is  found  to  have  been 
damaged  by  the  rains  which  fell  before  the  seed  Peas 
were  in  a  condition  to  be  harvested.  And  this  is 
applicable  equally  to  the  round  as  to  the  wrinkled 
varieties.  The  fact  that  the  harvest  was  later  than 
usual,  owing  to  the  retarding  character  of  the  spring 
and  early  summer,  has  greatly  operated  against  a  suc- 
cessful result. 

At  present  but  few  seeds  excepting  Peas  and  Beans 
have  come  to  hand,  and  the  deliveries  are  later  than 
usual  from  the  cause  just  named.  Small  seeds  such 
as  Cabbages,  Broccolis,  Kales,  &c.,  promise  to  be  a 
fair  average.  J  Fine  open  weather  is  now  badly  wanted, 


December  i8,  iS 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


777 


so  that  the  seeds  in  the  husks  can  be  threshed  out  and 
sent  in  to  the  dealers. 

The  Onion. 
The  leading  Onion  of  the  day  is  undoubtedly  the 
White  Spanish  or  Portugal,  or  what  has  been  known  in 
later  years  as  the  Reading.  That  all  the  sorts  having 
the  Anglo-Spanish  character,  from  Nuneham  Park  and 
Banbury  Improved,  down  to  the  latest  novelty,  Rou- 
sham  Park,  have  been  derived  from  the  White 
Spanish,  there  can  be  doubt ;  and  it  is  very  probable 
that  selection  has  had  more  to  do  with  the  creation  of 
assumed  sorts  than  fertilisation.  The  origin  of  the 
White  Spmish  Onion,  as  well  as  of  its  conqueror, 
the  Slraiburg   Brown    Spanish,   or    Peptford,  is  do 


informed  by  the  representative  of  one  house  that 
their  sales  averaged  30  tons  of  Onion  seed  of  various 
varieties,  but  fully  one-fourth  of  the  bulk  is  the  White 
Spanish.  When  it  is  borne  in  mind  that  seed  of  the 
White  Spanish  will  weigh  from  37  to  39  lb.  per 
bushel,  some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  vast  number 
of  grains  that  go  to  a  ton  weight. 

The  seed  of  the  White  Spanish  Onion  which  passes 
into  the  bands  of  the  London  trade  is  mainly  grown 
in  Bedfordshire.  Passengers  by  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  are  familiar  with  the  large  breadths  of  Onions 
to  be  seen  between  Hitchin  and  Huntingdon  ;  and  in 
July  and  August,  when  the  huge  beds  of  Onions  have 
developed  on  their  stout  stems  the  large  ball-like 
heads  of  seed-vessels,  they  form      picturesque  sight. 


ciently  bulbed  to  go  to  market,  and  leaving  those  not 
sufficiently  matured  until  another  day. 

It  is  sometimes  said  that  the  Bedfordshire  White 
Spanish  Onions  have  deteriorated  in  quality,  and  this 
is  accounted  for  on  the  ground  that  the  growers  send 
all  their  best  bulbs  to  market  and  retain  only  the  re- 
fuse for  planting  for  seed.  This  is  no  doubt  unfortu- 
nately true  of  many,  and  an  inferior  stock  is  a  certain 
result.  Some  growers  act  differently  :  they  select 
and  retain  for  planting  for  seed  some  of  their  largest 
and  handsomest  bulbs,  and  sow  the  seed  obtained  for 
their  main  crops. 

The  Brown  Spanish,  ot  Deptford,  or  Strasburg 
Onion  is  regarded  as  having  a  stronger  flavour  and 
being  a  belter  keeper  than  the  White  Spanish  ;  and 


4    ' 


EDWARD     PYNAERT. 


doubt  involved  in  great  obscurity.  Philip  Miller  in 
his  Dictionary  (1731)  enumerates  seven  species, 
under  the  head  of  "  Cepa,"  among  them  the  Stras- 
burg, the  Red  Spanish  (probably  answering  to  our 
Blood-red),  and  the  White  Spanish  ;  and  he  alludes  to 
these  three  sorts  as  "propagated  for  winter  use,  their 
roots  being  preserved  dry  during  the  season."  In  a 
thoroughly  reliable  seed  list  published  in  1817,  I  find 
enumerated  the  White  Spanish,  Deptford,  Globe,  James' 
Keeping,  Blood-red,  Silver-skinned,  Strasburg,  White 
Spanish,  and  the  Cerrunian  Onions,  whatever  the  last 
may  have  meant  ;  but  the  White  Spanish  is  our  repre- 
sentative one — there  is  scarcely  a  garden  in  which  it 
is  not  to  be  found  during  the  summer,  and  it  is  the 
variety  depended  upon  for  the  main  winter  supply. 
That  it  is  capable  of  improvement  by  selection  and 
cultivation  there  can  be  no  doubt. 

Very  large  quantities  of  seed  of  Onions  pass  through 
the  hands  of  our  leading  wholesale  seedsmen.     I  aqd 


Much  depends  upon  the  weather  at  the  time  the  seed 
is  ripening,  whether  the  sample  is  good  or  indifferent ; 
in  wet  weather  mildew  will  attack  stems  and  seed-balls 
alike;  and  then  the  seeds  are  small,  light,  and  the  ger- 
minating power  indifferent.  The  bulbs  are  planted 
out  in  spring  for  seeding ;  and  it  appears  to  be  the 
custom  of  the  growers  to  break  their  plantations  of 
Onions  up  into  different  breadths  rather  than  to  have 
them  together  in  one  huge  piece. 

The  pickling  Onions  that  find  their  way  into  the 
London  markets  in  such  large  quantities  are  grown  in 
Bedfordshire.  The  refuse  seed  from  the  harvest  of 
White  Spanish  is  sown  by  some  of  the  growers,  and 
it  is  from  this  variety  that  the  "  picklers  "  are  obtained. 
The  seed  is  sown  in  February  and  March,  and  while 
some  growers  are  content  to  sow  30  lb.  per  acre, 
others  will  sow  40  lb.  and  even  more.  About  the 
end  of  July,  nice  little  bulbs  are  formed,  and  women 
then  go  over  the  beds,  pulling  up  all  that  have  suffi- 


it  is  probably  owing  to  the  possession  of  the  latter 
quality  that  some  gardeners  prefer  to  sow  it  for  their 
main  crop.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  this  is  an 
Onion  much  grown  in  Ireland.  Seed  of  this  variety 
comes  largely  from  abroad— a  great  deal  from  Holland, 
"  It  is  the  kind  most  commonly  used  for  field  culture 
about  Paris,  and  it  is  grown  in  very  large  quantities 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  St.  Denis,  and  as  far  north 
as  Normandy.  The  winter  supply  of  Paris  and  of  a 
great  part  of  Europe  consists  chiefly  of  this  variety, 
which  may  be  often  seen  hanging  up  in  dwelling- 
houses,  in  long  hanks  formed  by  interlacing  and 
plaiting  the  withered  leaves  together."  (Vilmorin'i 
Vegetable  Gar  Jen. )  Formerly  large  quantities  of  seeds 
of  this  variety  came  from  the  south  of  France,  and 
probably  the  supply  continues.  The  White  Spanish 
and  Brown  Spanish  are  both  flat  Onions.  As  far  aa 
the  United  Kingdom  is  concerned  the  Brown  Spanish 
Onion  is  much   iqore   largely  used   in   Ireland  and 


778 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


lDecember  :S,  1886. 


Scotland  than  in  England,  where  the  White  Spanish 
finds  greater  favour.  The  bright  brown  thick  sitin 
of  the  former  enables  it  to  bear  rougher  usage  than 
the  latter,  and  its  stronger  flavour  appears  to  be  appre- 
ciated also. 

The  Globe  Onions  are  globular  rather  than  flat 
shaped  ;  the  group  comprises  several  varieties,  among 
them  the  white  skinned,  the  brown  skinned,  Bedford- 
shiie  Champion,  Magnum  Bonum,  Excelsior,  and  that 
newer  prodigy,  the  Wroxton  Park.  They  form  a 
very  valuable  group,  and  should  be  grown  much  more 
than  they  are,  as  the  produce  a  crop  of  larger  weight, 
and  are  regarded  as  being  better  flavoured.  The 
Globe  Onions  are  related  to  the  Pear-shaped  Onions 
of  the  French,  of  which  there  are  numerous  varieties, 
having  long  bulbs,  which  difler  from  one  another  in 
colour  and  earliness.  The  bulbs  of  the  Globe  Onions 
grown  in  this  country  are  almost  as  broad  as  they  are 
ong ;  the  one  most  in  request  of  the  best  known 
types  is  the  Bedfordshire  Champion.     This  is  said  to 


variety  of    rapid   growth,    but    now  almost   entirely 
superseded  by  the  White  Italian  Tripoli. 

The  Welsh  Onion— a  native  of  Siberia  or  the  EiSt 
—is  the  aboule  of  the  French,  a  species  that  does  not 
form  bulbs— though  this  characteristic  is  asserted  in 
high  class  kitchen  gardening  by  a  high  authority  like 
Mr.  W.  Earley— is  now  nearly  extinct  as  far  as  this 
country  is  concerned.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
know  how  it  came  to  be  termed  the  Welsh  Onion. 
It  produces  leaves  all  the  wmter  through,  and  the 
first  cuttings  may  be  made  three  months  alter 
sowing  the  seed.  The  leaves,  which  possess  a  strong 
oniony  flavour,  are  used  for  seasoning.  The  Two- 
bladed  Onion  is  now  almost  superseded,  most  of  the 
plants  producing  only  two  blade-leaves — hence  its 
name  It  is  a  curious  species,  formerly  used  for 
pickling  purposes. 

The  tree  Egyptian  or  bulb-bearing  Onion  is  occa- 
sionally found  in  this  country,  and  is  grown  more  as 
a  curiosity  than   for  any  useful  purpose.     Instead  of 


be  a  selection  obtained  in  Bedfordshire  and  it  is  producing  seeds  at  the  top  of  the  stem  there  is  found 
found  to  produce  a  heavy  v^eiaht  per  acre.  Not  a  a  cluster  of  small  bulbs,  by  means  of  which  the  plant 
few  gardeners  grow  the  While  Globe  in  preference  to       js  propagated.     The  root-bulbs  soon  decay,  but  those 


any  other,  and  they  are  justified  in  doing  so,  though 
it  is  considered  not  to  keep  so  well  as  the  Biown 
Globe  or  James'  Long  Keeping. 

The  Blood-red  Onion  is  an  old  hardy  variety, 
much  in  use  for  flavouring  dishes  in  cooking,  though 
by  no  means  largely  grown  in  England,  but  much 
more  so  in  Scotland.  It  is  also  largely  grown  in  the 
northern  districts  of  France.  It  is  well  named 
because  of  its  blood-hued  skin  ;  in  some  of  the  bulbs 
the  colour  is  deepened  almost  to  black.  There  is  a 
fine  variety  of  this  of  American  origin,  known  as  the 
Wethersfield,  in  shape  and  colour  coming  near  to 
Danvers'  Yellow.  It  is  an  Onion  that  keeps  well,  but 
is  not  particularly  hardy  in  character.  Messrs.  Vilmorin 
&  Co.  inform  us  that  "in  the  south-west  of  France, 
especially  about  Bordeaux,  a  very  fine  variety  of  Oaion 
is  sometimes  met  with  under  the  plain  name  of  the 
Red  Onion.  The  flesh  is  tender  and  mild-flavoured, 
but  the  bulb  does  not  keep  well."  One  is  led  to 
imagine  from  this  description  that  it  is  closely  related 
to  the  Blood-red  Italian  Tripoli.  Then  there  is  the 
Bright  Red  August  Onion,  chiefly  grown  in  the  south- 
eastern parts  of  France,  where  it  is  sown  in  August, 
and  comes  into  use  early  in  the  follo-^ing  summer,  as 
do  the  Tripoli  varieties  that  are  cultivated  in  this 
country. 

There  is  now  a  considerable  group  of  Itilian  or 
Tripoli  Onions.  The  Spanish  Onion  of  the  shops 
is  the  Madeira  Globe  Tripoli  or  French  Globe 
Tripoli,  which  is  regarded  as  a  better  keeper  than  the 
Italian  Globe  or  Giant  Rocci.  We  may  say  of  the 
Italian  Onions  that  they  are  all  Tripolis,  and  they  are 
much  esteemed  for  their  mild  flavour,  but  they  do  not 
seed  in  this  country.  I  doubt  if  it  is  within  the 
kno*lelge  of  the  oldest  and  most  experienced  gar- 
dener that  he  has  known  the  Tripoli  Onion  to  pro- 
duce seed  in  England  ;  consequently,  seed  has  to  be 
obtained  from  Italy,  France,  and  elsewhere.  Our 
climate  is  too  cold  for  them  to  perfect  their  growth 
by  producing  seed  :  and  yet  it  is  a  hardy  Onion,  the 
seed  being  sown  in  August  in  order  to  get  fine  grown 
bulbs  at  Midsummtr,  thus  preceding  our  early  spring- 
sown  Onions, 

Autumn-sown  Onions  form  a  feature  in  schedules 
of  prizes,  and  it  is  the  Tripoli  varieties  that  ace  found 
competing,  namely,  the  Giant  Rocca  and  the  large 
White  Flat  Tripoli.  The  Tripoli  Onions  will  come 
to  a  good  size  if  sown  in  this  country  in  spring, 
and  perhaps  the  Giant  Rocca  is  best  suited  for  this 
purpose,  but  the  bulbs  are  never  so  fine  as  when  the 
seed  is  sown  in  autumn. 

It  is  found  by  experience  ihit  the  Tripoli  Onions 
raised  from  seed  sown  in  spring  do  not  keep  so  long 
as  those  produced  from  seed  sown  the  previous 
autumn.  Undoubtedly  the  two  best  are  the  Giant 
Rocca  and  the  Giant  White  Tripoli.  The  laie  Mr. 
John  Standish  used  to  grow  at  Ascot  very  fine  Tiipoli 
Onions  from  spring  sown  seeds.  The  Bassano  and 
the  Silver-skin  of  Naples  are  largely  grown  in  Ita'y  ; 
but  it  is  found  that  Geneva  supplies  the  very  best 
types.  In  private  gardens  the  silver-skinned  O.iion 
is  that  generally  grown  for  pickling  purposes,  because 
it  is  said  to  turn  in  early  in  the  form  of  small  well- 
lipened  bulbs.  The  (^aeeu  Onion  is  of  the  silver- 
skinned  type,  but  decidedly  the  earliest  to  turn  in 
that  can  be  had.  We  have  seen  it  at  Chiswick 
many  days  ahead  of  any  other  ol  the  section.  The 
Early  Nocera  belongs  to  this  group.  The  Neapoli- 
tan Maggiaiola,  or  Marjazole,  is  a  small  white  Italian 


|l» 


511111s. 


\ 


«,hich 


produced  will  keep  for  some  time 

The  Potato  or  underground  Onion  is  only  sparingly 
cultivated  in  England,  and  probably  because  the  crop 
is  lost  sometimes  during  the  winter.  "  In  the  South 
of  England,  where  this  species  is  somewhat  of  a 
favourite,  the  rule  as  to  growing  this  plant  is  to  plant 
on  the  shortest  day  and  take  up  on  the  longest."  New 
bulbs  are  formed  round  the  parent  one,  and  it  is 
thought  best  not  to  earth  them  up  but  to  let  Ihem 
have  all  the  light  and  air  possible.  It  is  said  that  the 
larger  the  bulbs  are,  the  worse  they  keep. 

The  harvesting  of  the  crop  of  Onions,  if  the  bulbs 
are  to  keep  for  any  length  of  time,  is  as  important  a 
matter  as  the  cultivation  of  them.  When  moist  grow- 
ing weather,  or  a  wet  summer  happens,  there  is  of 
necessity  a  lack  of  the  fiae  sunny  drying  weather  that 
has  so  much  to  do  with  the  proper  ripening  of  the 
crop.  It  is  best  to  go  over  the  beds  and  gently  break 
down  the  short  succulent  stems,  not  bruising  them  if 
it  can  be  avoided.  This  arrests  the  flow  of  sap, 
causes  the  tops  to  turn  yellow,  and  hastens  the  ripen- 
ing process.  Then  when  the  necks  have  become 
shrunken  the  crop  should  be  pulled  and  allowed  to  dry 
in  the  sun  ;  hurdles  covered  with  mats  answer  well 
to  spread  the  bulbs  upon.  When  ready  for  storing, 
they  miy  be  laid  out  on  the  floor  ol  a  loft,  or  in  any 
place  where  it  is  cool  and  dry.  The  old  country  plan 
of  roping  is  a  good  one  to  follow  where  there  is 
limited  space  for  storing.  A  wisp  of  straw  a  yard  in 
length  will  take  a  good  many  bulbs,  provided  th; 
latter  have  strong  stems  that  can  be  tied  to  the 
straw.  These  can  be  hung  up  anywhere  in  any  dry 
outhouse,  or  even  in  the  open  air,  if  they  arc  pro- 
tected from  frost.  It  is  damp  that  causes  pre- 
mature growth,  and  this  should  be  avoided  if 
possible. 

The  Onion  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  known  vegetables. 
If  it  were  regarded  by  the  ancient  Egyptians  as  a 
plant  partaking  of  a  sacred  character,  it  must  have 
been  alio  an  article  of  the  national  food  ;  fordid  not  the 
children  of  Israel,  as  they  wended  their  way  towards 
the  Promised  Land,  look  back  wi:h  regret  and 
longing  upon  the  "  Leeks  and  the  Onions  and  the 
Garlic,"  which  in  Egypt  they  did  freely  eat  ?  And  yet 
Juvenal,  in  one  of  his  satires,  ridiculing  the  venera- 
tion entertained  for  this  and  other  vegetable  products, 
wrote  : — 

"  How  Egypt,  mad  with  superstition  grown, 
Makes  gods  of  monsters,  but  too  well  is  known  ; 
'  Pis  mortal  sin  an  Onion  to  devour, 
Each  clove  of  Garlic  hath  a  sacred  power. 
I-teligious  nation  sure,  and  blest  abodes, 
When  every  garden  is  o'errun  with  gods." 

Tho  priests  of  ancient  Egypt  were  foibidden  to 
partake  of  them,  though  their  Onions  were  of  large 
size  and  exquisite  flavour  ;  but  they  were  admitted 
among  the  olfcrings  placed  on  the  altars  of  the  gods. 
Pisum. 


GENERAL  REMARKS. 
TiIOUGit  we  have  had  some  cold  days,  < 
bees  hid  to  stay  at  home,  yet  there  have  been  several 
warm  ones,  when  they  could  take  some  cleansing 
flights,  and  they  were  not  backward  in  availing  them- 
selves of  this  privilege.  Yesterday,  December  6, 
mine  were  having  fine  sport,  and  this  is  very  bene- 
ficial to  them.  All  work  and  no  play  does  as  much 
harm  to  bees  as  boys.  I  find  on  making  comparisons 
with  the  notices  in  newspapers,  that  as  a  rule  the 
sporting  days  for  the  bees  in  the  country  are  the  same 
as  the  days  of  thick  fog  in  London.  Snow  has  not 
visited  this  locality  yet,  but  as  several  places  have 
been  visited  with  heavy  falls,  bee-keepers  must  look 
well  to  the  roofs.  Everybody  knows  the  penetrating 
powers  of  snow,  so  in  no  case  allow  it  to  stop  on 
the  hives,  but  brush  it  off  at  once,  and  never  allow  it 
to  thaw,  as  it  is  sure  to  find  a  vulnerable  point  some- 
where. It  -»ill  also  be  well  to  keep  snow  away  from 
the  entrances,  and  also  to  sweep  it  away  from  the 
hives  as  far  as  possible.  The  dazzling  brightness  of 
snow,  especially  if  the  sun  be  shining  on  it,  often 
causes  the  bees  to  come  out,  only  to  fall  down 
and  perish.  Many  people  put  something  in  front  of 
their  hives  at  this  time  of  the  year  to  prevent  the  sun 
shining  into  the  hives,  and  thus  keep  the  bees  at  home. 
This  is  a  very  good  plan,  especially  on  cold  days. 
The  cleansing  flights  ought  to  be  restricted  to  fairly 
warm  days. 

Appliances. 
I  said  in  my  last  article  that  now  was  the  proper 
time  to  look  after  appliances.  These  things  want  to 
be  done  slowly  and  carefully.  It  is  seldom  that 
matters  succeed  in  spring  with  the  bees,  if  done  in  a 
careless  and  hurried  manner.  Some  time  ago  hot 
c  mtroversies  were  going  on  about  invertible  frames. 
It  seems  to  be  now  pretty  generally  conceded  that  it 
is  a  very  good  thing  to  invert  section  cases.  The 
sections  have  not  only  been  more  rapidly  completed, 
but  have  been  better  filled,  and  with  less  popholes. 
From  variou;  small  experiments  I  have  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  much  good  may  result  from 
the  inversion  of  the  frames  in  the  body  of  the 
hive.  In  the  case  of  a  skep,  it  could  be  inverted 
at  once,  and  without  so  much  disturbance  of  the  bees. 
Many  frames  have  been  devised,  which  will  admit  of 
inversion,  but  while  these  are  made  to  hang  on  the 
sides  I  am  afraid  they  will  be  too  complex  for  general 
use.  The  simplest  method  seems  to  me,  for  the 
frame  to  stand  on  narrow  strips  at  the  bottom  of  the 
hive.  The  only  possible  objection  to  this  style  ol 
frame  is  the  danger  to  the  queen  during  manipulation, 
but  a  careful  bee-keeper  would  take  care  of  her. 
I  have  invented  a  frame,  which  is  the  same 
at  the  bottom  as  the  top,  and  there  is  nothing  to 
move  or  shift  prior  to  inversion.  ]ValUr  Chit:y, 
Pewsey. 


ANNEXiifG  A  Roadway. — At  the  Suirey  Sessions 
the  other  day  Mr.  A.  Waller,  a  Government  clerk, 
was  indicted  for  having  inclosed  6  feet  ol  the  high- 
way at  Caterham  Valley  for  a  length  of  III  yards. 
He  was  fomd  guilty,  and  Sir  W.  Ilardman  ordered 
him  to  enter  into  his  own  recognizances  to  come 
up  for  judgment  next  Sessions,  when  the  amount 
of  fine  would  depend  on  whether  he  had  set  back 
bis  fence, 


POTATO  CULTURE  OM  THE 

FARM. 

O.SE  might  ask  the  question.  How  is  it  we  see  the 
Potato  crop  so  miserrbly  bad  generally,  and  more 
especially  among  farmers  ?  Where  not  grown  as  a 
specialty,  now  and  then  a  very  few  of  the  latter  step 
in  and  grow  a  crop,  which  causes  in  the  district  quite 
a  sensation,  but  such  cases  are  few  and  far  between. 
Soma  few  years  since  I  gave  an  account  in  the 
columns  of  the  Garaciicis'  Chronich  of  an  enormous 
crop  grown  near  here  on  what  was  termed  a  bad  piece 
of  land,  but  what  with  using  a  different  kind  of 
manure,  the  latter  not  extravaganily  empbyed,  the 
land  being  well  worked,  and  with  plenty  of  space 
given  for  the  Potatos  to  grow  in,  the  crop  was 
acknowledged  to  be  extraordinary,  and  was  esti- 
mated to  have  been  over  10  tons  to  the  acre,  and 
which  was  so  stated  in  your  columns.  This  was 
contradicted  at  the  time,  as  to  quantity  ;  however,  the 
fact  remains,  and  my  communication  in  your  columns 
did  good  service  in  many  places. 

The  following  season  Mr.  Towler  wrote  io  me  to 
say  that  be  hid  exceeded  my  estimate  by  2  tons, 
consequently  he  had  grown  12  tons  to  the 
acre  on  land  adjoining  his  nursery  at  Northallerton  ; 
and  I  believe  Mr.  R.  Dean  stated  in  your  colunms 


J 


December  iS,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


119 


about  the  same  time  that  a  crop  of  12  tons  had  beea 
grown  by  him,  or  had  come  under  his  notice.  My 
object  in  writing  now  is  to  show  that  to  grow  10  tons 
to  the  acre  is  no  difficalt  task  to  perform,  if  anything 
like  moderate  cultivation  be  adopted.  The  cowman 
here,  has  produced  more  than  that  quantity  fjr  the  last 
three  years  on  a  very  moderately  fertile  piece  of  land, 
the  manure  used  being  a  small  scattering  of  haif* 
rotten  stabie-dang,  and  between  6  and  7  cwt.  of 
specially  prepared  bones.  The  cost  was  not  extrav- 
agant, but  the  resu't  was  a  splendid  crop  of  very  fine 
Potatos.  I  mentioned  this  result  to  Sir  F.  Milbank, 
and  to  my  surprise  he  said  be  had  just  been  informed 
of  a  person  that  had  turned  out  15  tons  to  the  acre. 
Surely  thisoughttoexcite  those  farmers  who  hardly  grow 
enough  to  pay  for  the  taking  up.  Magnum  Bjnum=,  the 
Potatos  in  question,  are  quoted  in  the  London  markets 
at  from  65^.  to  S5j'.  per  ton,  here  they  ought  to  be 
worth  60^.  per  ton,  which  would  make  the  produce  of 
one  acre  worth  £10.  The  cultivator  should  bear  this  in 
mind,  and  not  forget  the  fact  that  he  has  no  friend  so 
generous  as  the  soil,  provided  that  he  treats  it  liberally. 
Aiew  years  since,  three  farmers  were  walking  through 
the  kitchen  garden  here,  when  the  men  were  digg- 
ing a  piece  of  ground  for  the  winter,  and  one  of  them 
asked  me  what  would  be  the  consequence  if  he  farmed 
in  that  style  ?  He  got  a  quick  reply  from  the  kitchen 
garden  foreman — that  his  farm  would  want  dividing 
into  four  parts,  as  he  would  not  be  able  to  house  the 
produce. 

An  answer  like  this  should  afford  food  for  reflec- 
tion to  those  miserable  tillers  of  the  soil  who  have  no 
spirit  to  fight  against  the  times.  Since  I  have  lived 
in  this  place  I  hive  witnessed  extremely  low  prices, 
and  very  low  wages;  I  have  also  seen  very  high 
prices,  injurious  to  all,  except  producers.  The  bad 
seasons  have  been  against  the  farmers,  as  they  have 
also  been  against  most  other  trades.  The  market 
gardener  gets  no  sympathy,  whereas  he  oftentimes 
pays  four  times  as  much  rent  as  does  the  farmer,  and 
his  losses  from  bad  seasons  are  most  disastrous.  In 
our  own  neighbourhood  the  Potato  crop  should  be 
more  than  doubled,  to  be  at  all  satisfactory,  and  this 
might  be  done  without  much  difficulty.  IVilliam 
Cuherwell,  Thorpe  Perroiv. 


Tree? 


AND 


^HF(UB3. 


PATTON'S    HEMLOCK    SPRUCE   (TSUGA 
PATTONIAMA). 

This  is  one  of  the  CaoiferK  sent  home  to  this 
country  from  North-west  America  by  the  unfortunate 
explorer,  Jefifrey,  and  which  is  nearly  related  to 
canadensis.  It  is  perfectly  hardy  in  Britain,  having 
withstood  the  severe  frost  here  in  the  winter  of  1S79  So 
unscathed.  The  two  specimens  alluded  to  are  grow- 
ing each  in  the  centre  of  two  small  clumps  in 
the  deer  park  on  a  raiher  high  and  exposed  situation, 
and  are  about  125  to  13  feet  in  height.  The  nurses 
or  trees  surrounding  for  shelter  consists  wholly  of 
Larch  and  common  Spruce,  which  have  assisted  them 
to  make  good  growth  of  a  fine  glaucous  hue.  If  this 
continues  as  they  attain  age  and  size,  they  will  prove 
a  valuable  acquisition  in  parks  and  pleasure  grounds. 
The  character  of  growth  is  not  qaite  so  erect  a?  that  of 
the  commoner  kinds  of  Spruces,  and  is  more  in  keeping 
with  that  of  canadensis.  As  little  his  been  reported 
of  this  Spruce  since  its  introduction  it  may  probably 
interest  some  of  your  readers  to  be  made  acquainted 
with  its  hardiness  and  the  probability  of  becoming  a 
valuable  ornamental  tree  in  this  country.  J.  ll^bsler^ 
Gordon  Castle,  [In  Provost  Russell's  grounds  near 
Falkirk  a  tree  of  this  species  or  of  Hookeriana,  which 
is  a  slight  form  of  it,  was  some  years  since  said  to  be 
14  feet  in  height  and  11  feet  through.  Ed.] 

Veronica  parviflora. 
On  p.  75S,  a  Veronica,  now  flowering  in  Mr. 
Wilson's  garden  at  Wisley,  is  mentioned  three  times, 
twice  by  the  name  of  V.  salicifolia,  and  once  by  that 
of  V.  angustifolia.  Mr.  Wilson  showed  me  the  bush 
when  I  was  in  his  garden  a  short  time  ago,  and  it  is 
the  species  which  at  Kew  goes  by  the  name  of  V. 
parviflora,  being  far  more  fioriferous  and  elegant  in 
habit  than  what  is  called,  at  Kew,  V.  salicifolia.  On 
the  cold  clay  soil  of  my  garden  in  Cheshire  it  is  by 
far  the  best  of  the  New  Zealand  Veronicas,  being  the 
only  one,  except  V.  Traversi  and  V.  pinguilolia, 
which  has  lived  out  through  four  successive  winters. 
It  grows  5  feet  high  and  is  covered  with  flowers  for 


nearly  its  whol:  height,  and  it  begins  to  flower  freely 
when  quite  a  diminutive  bush.  It  has  a  long 
flowering  period,  from  early  summer  until  stopped  by 
severe  frost. 

Self  sown  seedlings  often  appear  round  the 
old  plants,  and,  like  those  of  many  other  plants, 
come  up  by  preference  on  gravel  walks.  It  does  not 
seem  to  be  grown  in  gardens  as  generally  as  it 
deserves  to  be.   C.  Wolley  Dod. 


jPrtf(id  lotis  and  £leaiiin08. 

GOODYERA  RODIGASIAN.\. 
A  SUPPOSED  new  species  from  New  Guinea,  with 
ovate  acute  leaves,  dark  green,  with  a  central  band 
of  while.  The  flowers  are  at  present  not  known. 
This  and  other  plints  of  like  character  are  cultivated 
by  M.  Linden  in  a  compost  of  equal  parts  of  peat, 
sphagnum,  and  charcoal,  in  well  drained  pots,  which 
are  frequently  watered,  but  never  with  cold  water. 
Daring  the  growing  perioi  the  plants  are  kept  in 
shade.  The  plant  is  figured  in  the  Ilhtsiraiion  llof' 
ticole,  t.  616, 

PnAL.u>JOPSi3,  &c  ,AT  Hkaton  House,  Ckesiiijnt. 

The  Moth  Orchids  have  occupied  the  attention  of 
fanciers  very  much  during  the  last  few  years  ;  and 
nothing  is  more  remarkable  than  the  way  in  which 
these  lovely  but  capricious  Orchids  succeed  in  some 
gardens,  whilst  in  others,  where  the  greatest  skill  is 
displayed  and  the  best  appliances  for  their  culture 
are  available,  they  do  not  give  satisfaction.  The 
o-nission  of  some  minor  detail  may  mike  all  the 
ditTerence  between  success  and  failure.  The  collection 
of  Moth  Orchids  at  this  place  belongs  to  J.  Partington, 
Esq,,  and  is  under  the  cire  of  an  ardent  cultivator, 
Mr.  Searin,  who  seems  to  have  discovered  the 
right  treatment  for  them.  The  house  in  which  they 
are  growing  faces  the  south— not  the  best  position 
some  would  say;  they  are,  however,  the  best  culti- 
vated specimens  I  ever  saw.  The  vigour  of  the 
plants  and  strength  of  the  flower-spikes  are  most 
remarkable.  None  of  the  plants  seem  to  have  lost  a 
leaf  for  years.  For  instance,  I  noticed  a  plant  of 
P.  grandiflora,  the  Java  variety  :  it  has  but  one  stem 
and  thirteen  leaves  on  it,  the  largest  of  them  being 
13  inches  long,  and  3  inches  wide,  producing  one 
spike,  on  which  are  forty-one  flowers. 

P.  Schilleriaoa  had  two  very  strong  spikes  showing, 
and  six  leaves,  the  largest  13  inches  by  3i  inches.  A 
remarkable  specimen  of  P.  amabilis  had  fifty-three 
flowers  on  a  spike,  wi^h  nine  leaves  on  the  plant, 
P.  violacea,  producing  freely  their  distinct  violet-purple 
and  creamy  tinted  flowers,  hid  leaves  of  great  sub- 
stance, 5  inches  across.  Oae  specimen  of  P,  Schiller- 
iana  had  leaves  a  foot  long,  and  6  inches  across, 
P,  Siaderiana  was  in  flower  in  two  varieties,  one  of 
them  with  broad  overlapping  sepals  and  petals,  most 
lively  in  its  delicate  rosy-pink  tint.  Most  of  the 
plants  are  in  baskets  suspended  it':i^a  the  roof,  others 
are  in  baskets  placed  on  the  top  of  empty  pats  on  the 
stage. 

What  is  the  treatment  that  has  produced  such 
remarkable  results?— remarkable,  not  so  much  for 
the  number  and  siie  of  the  leaves,  as  for  their  perfect 
conditijn.  I  certainly  did  not  notice  a  single  spot  of 
decay  on  any  leaf  in  the  whole  house,  and  every 
species  and  variety  seemed  alike  healthy.  The  atmo- 
sphere of  the  house,  what  of  that?  This  is  perhaps 
most  important  at  this  season  of  the  year.  It  was 
moderately  dry,  not  close,  and  even  stifling,  as  is  too 
often  the  case.  The  night  temperature  now,  and 
during  -winter,  ranges  from  60"  to  65°,  in  summer,  70* 
to  75° — that  of  course  would  be  attained  by  shutting 
up  to  u  ilise  the  sun-heat.  The  shading  used  for 
summer  is  Williams'  new  hothouse  shading,  and  in 
hot  sunshine  mats  are  thrown  over  the  shading.  The 
plants  are  not  much  interfered  with  when  once  they 
are  established  in  their  Teak  baskets  ;  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  the  roots  were  outside  the  baskets,  and  in 
addition  to  this  they  had  taken  firm  hold  of  the  pots 
on  which  they  were  placed. 

The  other  extreme  of  Orchid  culture,  the  cool-house, 
was  also  well  managed.  The  popular  Odontoglossum 
was  O.  crispum  producing  many  very  strong  spikes 
from  fat  glossy  bulbs,  I  counted  sixty-four  unopened 
flower-buds  on  (me  branched  spike  of  this  species, 
which  wa;  slated  to  be  au  extra  fine  variety.     O, 


Insleayi  splendens  had  eleven  flowers  on  a  spike, 
and  as  Mr.  Williams,  in  the  Orchid  Croicers'  Manual, 
states  that  six  is  the  maximum,  this  may  also  be 
considered  remarkable  :  the  variety  was  very  fine,  I 
ought  also  to  remark  that  Mr,  Searia  has  been 
handicapped,  by  having  to  grow  his  plants  too  much 
crowded  together.  Now  new  and  well-appointed 
houses  have  been  built,  which  will  give  the  largest 
specimens  sufticient  space  for  more  perfect  develop- 
ment. 7.  D. 

Dendrobium  Falconeri  giganteu.m. 

This  Dendrobe,  like  D.  Wardianum  (says  Mr. 
Williams),  requires  attention  at  all  times  of  the  year. 
During  their  season  of  growth  the  plants  should  be  at- 
tended with  care,  also  during  the  resting  season.  This 
is  of  great  importance,  for  if  they  have  too  much  drying 
up  they  do  not  like  it ;  they  should  always  be  allowed 
to  rest  when  their  growth  is  completed,  which  period 
may  be  easily  known  by  the  last  leaves  at  the  top 
having  completed  their  growth.  The  roots  require  to 
be  kept  moist  up  to  that  period  ;  then  when  the  growth 
of  the  stem  is  completed  the  quantity  of  water  must  be 
reduced,  but  they  must  never  be  kept  so  dry  as  to 
cause  the  stems  to  shrivel.  When  they  begin  to  show 
flower  a  little  water  should  be  given,  to  plump  the 
stems  and  encourage  the  flower-buds  to  develope  in  a 
proper  form  ;  and  as  soon  as  they  start  their  young 
growths,  let  them  go  on  so  that  they  may  ripen  early, 
and  be  enabled  to  resist  any  strain  that  may  be  put 
upon  them. 

Rough  peat  and  live  sphagnum,  with  good 
drainage  and  a  liberal  supply  of  water  during  the 
growing  season  are  requisite  ;  they  should  therefore 
be  syringed  twice  a  day  during  summer  in  bright 
weather,  but  less  frequently  in  autumn.  The  plants 
should  be  suspended  near  the  light,  as  they  require 
but  little  shade  ;  they  will  also  thrive  in  baskets  and 
on  blocks  of  wood,  but  when  grown  on  blocks  they 
require  more  moisture  and  more  frequent  attention  as 
to  the  water  supply.   Orchid  Album. 

Cypripkdiums. 

This  genus  of  Orchids  is  so  well  known,  and  so 
widely  appreciated,  that  it  almost  seems  to  be 
a  waste  of  space  to  say  a  word  about  it  ;  but  we 
notice  in  our  travels  that  the  plants  are  often  grown  in 
very  warm  structures,  and  under  strong  shade.  The 
former  is  not  absolutely  necessary,  and  the  latter  is 
positively  a  great  evil.  We  can  compare  the  short- 
leaved  plants  grown  all  the  year  round  in  a  cool 
OJontoglossum-house  very  favourably  against  those 
where  heat  is  greater.  The  fliwering  proclivities, 
too,  are  greatly  enhanced  in  the  cool  structures.  The 
colouring  is  much  better  also.  There  are  probably 
some  species  which  require  more  heat  to  complete 
their  growth,  but  such  kinds  as  longifolium,  Sedeni 
(which  has  been  flowering  profusely  with  us  during 
the  last  six  months),  Harrisoni,  insigne,  i.  Maulei, 
Hookers,  vexiUarium,  and  some  others  do  not.  Our 
OJontoglossum-house  has  air  on  from  the  front  under 
the  stage  almostcontinuously;  duringthe  winter  months 
t'ne  temperature  averages  45°  to  50°,  but  of  course 
stands  higher,  while  the  temperature  in  the  open  air 
is  at  present  over  50"  in  the  shade.  We  have  known 
some  Cypripedium',  particularly  C.  insigne,  stand  in 
rooms  of  various  temperatures  over  six  weeks,  flower- 
ing freely  all  the  time,  and  then  be  taken  out  apparently 
uninjured.  A  good  batch  for  decorative  purposes 
during  the  present  season  is  invaluable.   Caledonian, 

Trichosma  suavis. 
How  often  one  hears  of  the  increasing  demand  for 
cool  Orchids,  and  yet  at  the  same  time  there  are  some 
which  possess  all  the  qualities  looked  for,  but  which  are 
seldom  seen.  Rarely  is  that  little  gem,  Trichosma 
suavis,  witnessed  in  good  form.  Here  the  plant 
carrying  thirteen  spikes  on  a  plant  in  a  7-inch  perfor- 
ated pot  seems  quite  at  home  in  a  cool-house.  It  has 
been  in  bloom  lor  four  weeks  now.  It  is  deliciously 
scented,  is  easily  grown,  and  blooms  freely  during 
the  dullest  months  of  winter,  y.  ff. 

Anseilia  congoensis, 
A  new  species,  introduced  into  Belgium  from  the 
Congo,  Flowers  in  erect  racemes.  Sepals  and 
petals  greenish-yellow  with  numerous  purplish-brown 
spots.  Lateral  lobes  of  the  lip  whitish  and  marked  with 
purple  veins,  disc  with  two  short,  not  very  prominent 
keels,  anterior  lobe  elongated,  narrow  oboval  yellow. 
The  plant  was  discovered  by  M.  Auguste  Linden, 
chief  of  the  scientific  expedition  sent  to  the  Congo  by 


78o 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


tDECKMBEB.   l8,    1886. 


M.  Edouard  Otlet.  The  plant  is  very  free  flowering, 
the  ground  being  covered  with  the  profusion  of  iti 
flowers  at  the  flowering  period,     Lindenia,  t.  640. 


TSUGA  CAROLINIANA. 

It  is  certainly  a  remarkable  fact  that  such  a  very  dis- 
tinct tree  as  the  Carolina  Hemlock  should  have  escaped 
the  notice  of  the  early  botanical  travellers  in  the 
Southern  Alleghany  Mountains.  Neither  W.  Bartram, 
who  crossed  the  mountains  where  it  is  found  as  early 
as  I777»  nor  the  Michaux,  father  and  son,  who  ten 
years  later  made  more  than  one  visit  to  the  same 
region,  nor  Fraser,  who  was  with  them,  nor  M.  A. 
Curtis,  who  explored  more  fully  than  any  of  his  pre- 
decessors or  successors  the  botany  of  the  Alleghanies, 
appear  to  have  been  aware  that  the  flora  of  Eastern 
America  contained  two  species  of  Hemlock,  It  was 
not  until  1850  that  Professor  L.  R.  Gibbes,  of 
Charleston,  recognised  an  undescribed  species  in  the 
Carolina  Hemlock,  for  which  he  suggested  several 
years  la'er  the  provisional  name  (never  published)  of 
Pinus  laxa,  and  it  was  only  in  1S81  that  the  species 
was  properly  characterised  by  Engelmann.* 

From  Tsuga  canadensis  the  Carolina  Hemlock  may 
be  distinguished  by  its  larger,  wider,  and  darker 
coloured  leaves,  six  to  ten  lines  long  and  nearly 
one  line  broad,  retuse  or  often  notched  at  the  ends, 
without  stomata  above,  and  with  two  stomate  bands 
below,  and  with  strengthening  cells  (not  found  in  the 
leaves  of  T.  canadensis)  under  the  epidermis  on  the 
keel,  midrib,  and  edges  ;  by  its  larger  cones,  ten  to 
sixteen  lines  long,  the  scales  oblong,  longer  than 
wide,  spreading  when  ripe  at  nearly  right  angles,  the 
broad  bracts  slightly  cuspidate,  the  seeds  less  than 
half  the  length  of  the  narrow  wing. 

The  Carolina  Hemlock  is  a  small  tree  of  compact 
pyramidal  habit,  with  flattened  spray,  the  branches 
densely  clothed  with  dark  green  shining  foliage, 
sometimes  50  or  60  feet  in  height,  although  the  trunk 
rarely  exceeds  2  feet  in  diameter.  It  is  pretty  widely 
distributed  along  the  Blue  Ridge  west  of  the  valley  of 
the  French  Broad  River  in  North  Carolina,  although 
nowhere  common,  and  only  a  few  individuals  are 
found  together  in  the  same  locality  ;  it  is  strictly 
confined  to  the  slopes  and  summits  of  dry  rocky 
ridges,  at  an  elevation  of  2000  to  2500  feet  above 
the  sea  level,  where  it  is  often  found  growing  side  by 
side  with  the  more  common  T.  canadensis. 

The  Carolina  Hemlock  is  one  of  the  most  orna- 
mental Conifers  of  Eastern  America,  recalling  in  its 
compact  pyramidal  habit  and  dense  foliage,  alpine 
specimens  ol  the  Western  Tsuga  Pattoniana.  Although 
hardly  known  in  cultivation  yet,  a  few  plants 
have  been  raised  in  the  Arboretum.  The  climate  of 
the  region  where  it  is  found,  however,  indicates  that 
Tsuga  caroliniana  will  prove  hardy  in  the  Northern 
States  and  in  Europe.  The  illustration  on  p.  781 
is  from  a  drawing  made  by  my  associate,  Mr.  C.  F. 
Faxon,  and  is  taken  from  a  specimen  which  I  col- 
lected in  September  upon  Caesar's  Head,  an  outlying 
spur  of  the  Blue  Ridge  in  South  Carolina.  C.  .S. 
Sargent,  Arnold  Arboretum. 


the  Katberg,  where  it  occurs  at  an  elevation  of 
3000  feet,  the  plant  is  found  in  wet  places  and  never 
far  from  water  :  it  increases  rapidly,  and  is  easily 
propagated  by  division.  Those  who  have  diffi- 
culty in  growing  the  plant  in  the  open  ground  on 
account  of  drought  would  do  well  to  mix  some  peat 
with  the  soil  and  use  water  freely  in  dry  weather.  The 
plant  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  5422. 

Lychnis  pyrenaica. 

The  dwarf  character  of  this  plant,  and  the  fact  of 
Its  being  a  native  of  rocky  places  in  the  Pyrenees, 
make  this  plant  peculiarly  adapted  for  rockwork, 
where,  on  account  of  its  natural  habit  and  likings,  it 
may  be  inserted  in  crevices  too  narrow  and  confined 
for  plants  of  larger  and  grosser  dimensions.  Plants  of 
this  kind  are  necessary  on  rockwork,  in  order  to  give 
it  character,  because  we  usually  associate  a  great 
variety  of  plants  on  rockwork  that  have  little  in 
common  as  far  as  natural  habitat  is  concerned  or 
atmospheric  conditions.  The  latter  may  be  perfectly 
suitable  for  plants  found  naturally  at  low  elevations,  but 
with  alpines  the  case  is  altered,  and  we  can  only  tide 
over  difficulties  by  providing  a  great  variety  of  con- 
ditions by  variety  of  exposure  and  position.  The 
alpine  under  notice  was  originally  introduced  in  1819, 
but  has  probably  been  lost  and  re-introduced  several 
times  since  then.  The  figure  in  the  Botanical  Maga- 
zine, 3269,  shows  flowers  of  a  decided  pale  or  delicate 
rose  colour,  and  most  other  descritions  of  the  plant 
seem  to  follow  suit  in  this  respect ;  but  there  is  either 
a  white  variety,  which  is  very  possible,  and  even  pro- 
bable, seeing  that  such  is  very  prevalent  in  the  order, 
or  the  dull  wet  days  of  November  have  the  effect  of 
causing  the  flowers  produced  to  develope  white  petals. 
The  small  glaucous  leaves  and  compact  habit  of  the 
plant  are  suitable  accompaniments  of  the  flowers. 
Propagation  is  easily  effected  by  division,  and  by 
cuttings  in  sandy  soil  under  a  hand-light.  7-  !"■ 


WHAT    IS    ORANGE    PEEL? 

This  may  seem  a  simple  question,  but  it  really  is 
a  difficult  one  to  answer.    The  view  now  generally 


^^ 


\  \s» 


I\..^ 


f' 


-'X, 


HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
ScHizosTYLis  cocciNEA.— In  spite  of  the  cold 
and  wet  and  fogs  of  our  ungenial  autumn  for 
a  South  African  plant,  the  subject  under  notice 
never  fails  to  put  in  a  respectable  appearance 
in  the  shortening  days  of  November.  The  open 
flowers  do  indeed  get  bespattered  and  spoiled  when 
the  weather  is  boisterous  and  stormy,  but  a  few  calm 
days  induce  them  to  resume  their  wonted  bright- 
ness. The  plant  is  perfectly  hardy  in  the  South  of 
England,  and  I  have  seen  it  flourishing  well  in  the 
open  ground  a  long  way  north  of  the  Tweed.  The 
moister  atmosphere  in  summer  seems  even  more 
suitable  to  its  likings  than  the  dry  atmosphere  in 
summer  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  In  fact,  a 
long-continued  drought,  as  occasionally  happens  there, 
has  the  effect  of  killing  the  plant  entirely  if  grown  in 
a  heavy  clay  soil,  liable  to  be  baked  and  hardened  by 
the  sun.  The  same  applies  to  plants  grown  in  light 
sandy  soil,  as  happened  at  Tooting  a  few  years  ago, 
when  the  wasting  remains  of  previously  healthy  plants 
had  to  be  potted  up  from  the  open  ground  to  preserve 
them.  The  foliage  withered  away,  and  in  their  last 
efforts  the  plants  seemed  endeavouring  to  form  small 
tubers.  This  is  easily  accounted  for  when  we  know 
the  conditions  under  which  they  grow  naturally.  In 
the  eastern  parts  of  South  Africa,  in  Kaffirland  and 

•  Identifications.  —  Tsuga';[caroliniana,  Engelmann  in 
Coulter's  Botanicat  Gazette,  vol.  vi.,  p.  323  ;  Sargent,  Forests 
of  North  America  (■'  Final  Reports  Tenth  Census  of  United 
States  "),  vol.  ix.,  p.  207.  Abies  caroliniana,  Chapman,  in  the 
Flora  of  the  Southern  States  (Supplement),  p.  650. 


Fig.  152.-A  ,.,.!.,-.>. .,..» - It- 
adopted  is  that  it  originates  from  the  disc  a  sort  of 
sheath  visible  at  the  base  of  the  ovary  of  the  flower, 
and  which  grows  up  from  below,  and  eventually 
covers  the  carpels  or  quarters  of  the  orange.  Lately 
M.  Naudin  has  favoured  us  with  a  sketch  and  des- 
cription of  a  fruit  found  near  Antibes  by  M.  H.  de 
Vilmorin.     Here  is  M.  Naudin's  description  of  it  :— 

"  The  anomaly  consists  in  the  circumstance  that 
the  rind  of  the  fruit  is  provided  with  projecting  scales, 
terminating  in  a  point,  and  arranged  in  regular  spirals. 
In  the  axil  of  one  of  these  scales  I  saw  a  rudimentary 
bud  marked  with  two  small  tubercles,  which  appeared 
to  me  to  be  abortive  leaves.  If  this  be  correct  the 
disc  which  surrounds  the  base  of  the  ovary  is  not  a 
mere  outgrowth  from  the  axis,  but  is  the  axis  itself,  in 
which  the  carpels  are  imbedded,  as  in  the  Pomegranate, 
Apple,  &c.,  but  with  this  difference,  that  while  in 
the  plants  just  named  the  peduncle  is  fleshy  and 
exterior  to  all  the  parts  of  the  flower,  the  sheathing 
or  tubular  portion  of  the  axis  in  Oranges  is  placed 
between  the  stamens  and  the  carpels.  This  tube 
usually  completely  covers  over  the  carpels,  but  is 
sometimes  defective  at  the  top,  allowing  the  carpels 
to  protrude.  Sometimes,  as  in  the  fingered  Citrons, 
the  sheath  does  not  develope,  and  the  carpels  then 
remain  free  as  in  a  variety  called  Buddha's  Fingers, 
a  specimen  of  which  may  be  seen  in  Mr,  Hanbury's 
garden  at  La  Mortola." 


EMBELLISHING  FORECOURT 
GARDENS,  VASES,  WINDOW- 
LEDGES,  &c. 
What  a  melancholy-looking,  naked,  and  dreary 
appearance  do  the  forecourt  gardens  and  commodious 
window-ledges  of  hundreds  of  stately  villa  residences 
present  to  view  during  both  summer  and  winter  in  the 
suburbs  of  large  cities  and  towns,  and  especially  in 
London.  There  are  miles  of  whitened  stone  steps, 
pedestals,  balustrades,  &c.,  with  a  hideous  glare  of 
heat  on  them  in  summer  -naked,  cold,  and  cheerless 
in  winter — that  might  be  furnished — aye,  and  embel- 
lished too— by  the  employment  of  a  few  plants  suited 
for  the  purpose,  that  can  be  grown  in  pots,  and  give 
but  little  trouble.  In  walking  through  an  outdoor 
nursery  many  things  present  themselves  to  view  as 
suited  for  the  purpose.  Then  pots  are  cheap  enough, 
soil  and  plants  can  readily  be  procured  from  a 
nursery.  Bat  little  skill  is  required  in  potting  them, 
and  when  properly  potted  in  suitable  soil  they  will 
last  for  a  few  years,  if  carefully  looked  to  in  the 
matter  of  watering.  Evergreens  should  be  employed 
for  the  purpose  ;  they  are  suitable  both  for  summer 
and  winter.  Some  of  the  pleasantest  and  most  attrac- 
tive forecourt  gardens  round  London  are  planted 
wholly  with  hardy  evergreens,  and  they  are,  in  conse- 
quence, at  all  times  furnished,  in  mid-winter  as  in 
mid-summer. 

Then  look  at  the  thousands  of  bold  and  prominent 
bay  windows,  having  a  broad  exterior  ledge,  and  not 
a  particle  of  green  to  relieve  the  endless  monotony  of 
solid,  naked  white  and  grey.  Window-boxes  cost 
comparatively  little,  and  when  formed  of  proper- 
materials,  carefully  put  together  and  securely  fixed, 
they  will  last  for  a  long  time  ;  and  when  planted  they 
give  a  remarkable  aspect  of  finish  and  cosiness  to  a 
dwelling. 

There  are  now  many  hardy  evergreen  shrubs 
so  handsomely  variegated  as  to  supply  tints  not 
so  bright  as  those  of  flowers  truly,  but  highly  effec- 
tive and  acceptable.  There  are  hardy  evergreen  plants 
that  would  flower  in  window-boxes  if  properly  tended. 
Mention  may  be  made  of  Berberis  aquifolium  and  B. 
stenophylla,  Andromeda  floribunda,  Kalmia  latifolia, 
the  Laurustinus,  and  Rhododendrons,  as  illustrating 
the  class  of  plant  suited  for  the  purpose.  Of  ever- 
green plants,  plain  and  variegated,  there  are  many 
equally  well  adapted  to  the  end  in  view,  such  as 
Aucuba  japonica,  the  dwarf  green,  golden-blotched, 
and  silver-striped  forms  of  the  Box,  Cupressus  Law 
soniana  and  its  varieties  albo-spica  nana,  pyramidalis, 
erecta  viridis,  gracilis,  and  lutea ;  Euonymus  radi- 
cans  variegata,  Juniperus  virginiana  (the  red  Cedar), 
the  rotund-leaved  Laurel,  Osmanthus  filicifolius,  both 
green  and  variegated ;  Retinosporas  filifera,  plu- 
mosa,  plumosa  aurea,  plumosa  argentea,  plumosa 
flavescens,  alumosa  variegata  alba,  and  squarrosa  ; 
Rhododendron  ponticum  and  hybrid  varieties, 
and  the  pretty  R.  prae:ox  might  be  added  to 
the  flowering  plants ;  Thuias  orientalis  aurea,  T, 
elegantissima  aurea,  T.  semper  aurea,  T.  occiden- 
lalis  Elwangeriana,  and  T.  Vervaeneana,  and  Veronica 
Traversii. 

Here,  then,  is  a  select  list  of  subjects  that  might  be 
employed  with  great  advantage  in  imparting  life  and 
warmth  from  January  till  December  to  our  bare 
forecourt  gardens  and  window  sills.  Plants  of  these 
can  be  had  at  a  moderate  cost,  from  12  to  24  inches 
in  height,  small,  bright,  and  compact,  that  would  do 
well  for  potting,  and  would  also  grow  into  size  and 
increase  in  value  as  year  followed  year.  The  Andro- 
medas,  Kalmias,  and  the  Rhododendrons  would  need 
a  peaty  soil  ;  the  others  would  do  well  in  a  good 
yellow  loam,  mixed  with  which  should  be  a  little 
well  decomposed  manure  and  leaf-mould,  If  the 
plants  were  grown  in  pots  they  could  be  stood  in  the 
window  boxes  all  the  winter,  with  plenty  of  cocoa- 
fibre  pressed  firmly  about  the  pots,  and  removed  in 
summer  for  flowering  plants  to  take  their  place. 
Those  standing  in  the  forecourt  garden  would  require 
to  be  well  looked  alter  in  the  matter  of  watering, 
especially  in  summer  ;  be  occasionally  examined  to 
see  that  the  drainage  in  the  pots  was  perfect,  and  a 
shift  occasionally  given  to  such  as  required  it.  The 
surface  soil  should  be  occasionally  stirred  without 
injuring  the  roots,  and  a  little  top-dressing  added  as 
required.  Water  should  be  carefully  administered, 
30  that  the  soil  is  not  washed  out  to  disfigure  the 
stones  upon  which  they  were  standing,  and  it  would 
be  a  positive  advantage  to  stand  the  plants  in  eartben> 
ware  pots  during  the  summer.  Ji,  D. 


December  i8,  1886.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


781 


"pOREgTFJY. 


TRANSPLANTING  OF  LARGE  PLANTS  OR 
TREES. 

This  is  a  work  which  the  forester  ot  gardener 
has  often  to  perform,  and  it  at  all  times  gives  very 
considerable  anxiety  because  the  risks  attendant  are 
much  greater  than  in  ordinary  planting.  Having  in 
a  pretty  extensive  experience  had  a  good  deal  of  this 
to  do,  permit  me  to  state  shortly  my  views  on  the 
subject. 

The  object  of  transplanting  large  trees  may  be 
varied,  but  we  will  presume  that  the  reason  more 
generally  is  to  produce  quick  landscape  effect,  or  to 
give  shelter.  Frequently,  however,  some  favourite 
individual  tree  may  either  be  in  a  position  where  it  is 
not  seen,  or  where  it  is  in  the  way  of  some  proposed 


that  while  in  some  cases,  if  done  very  carefully,  and 
consequently  expensively,  that  it  may  be  successful, 
yet  I  am  convinced  that  it  is  attended  with  greater 
risk  than  the  course  I  would  suggest  and  recommend. 
The  object  in  preparing  trees  for  removal  is  to  give 
growth  a  check  before  transplanting,  more  than  to 
encourage  the  production  of  fibre,  because  I  do  not 
think  that  any  small  roots  produced  during  the  time 
of  what  I  would  call  preparation  is  of  much  good, 
because  being  on  the  outside  of  the  ball  or  root  they 
invariably  get  dried  up,  or  destroyed  in  the  final 
removal,  I  therefore  say  the  main  object  is  to  give  a 
check,  and  to  do  this  I  cut  a  trench  round,  as  near 
the  tree  as  possible,  only  cutting  the  large  roots  and 
leaving  the  smaller  untouched,  fill  up  the  trench  again 
with  the  soil  taken  out,  or  it  may  be  left  open  all 
summer,  at  the  same  time,  if  the  trees  to  be  removed 
are  of  the  following  kinds — i.e.,  Oak,  Ash,  Elm, 
Lime,  or  even  Maple.   Cut  in  the  heads  by  foieshorten- 


from  the  fact  that  they  are  not  always  applicable  to 
every  situation,  while  they  are  expensive  to  keep 
up.  It  must,  therefore,  be  left  to  the  skill  of  the 
planter  to  use  the  means  at  his  command  for  each 
individual  case.  The  main  point  to  be  observed  in 
transportation  is  to  do  as  little  injury  as  possible  to 
the  smaller  roots,  and  if  possible  to  secure  as  large  a 
ball  as  may  be  consistent  with  transit. 

When  the  plant  has  arrived  at  its  new  abode  and 
is  safely  put  in  the  ground  care  should  be  taken  that 
the  hole  or  pit  be  large  enough  to  admit  o(  the  roots 
being  spread  out  to  their  full  extent ;  the  common 
practice  is  then  to  put  some  rich  soil  next  to  the 
roots.  Now  I  disapprove  of  this  because  it  is 
liable  to  over-stimulate  the  already  enervated 
functions  of  the  roots,  and  do  harm.  I  recommend 
instead  that  rather  poor  soil,  such  as  a  mixture  of 
leaf-mould  and  sand,  if  convenient,  should  be  applied, 
and  that  the  original  soil  should  be  gradually  filled 


c  E.r:^'^ 


Fig.  153.— a  new  hemlock-spruce,  tsuoa  caroliniana.     (see  p.  780.) 


alteration  of  ornamental  ground; ;  it  is  therefore  desir- 
able that  it  should  be  taken  to  a  more  suitable  position. 
In  the  laying  out  of  grounds  ornamentally  this  forms 
a  very  considerable  part  of  the  work,  because  most 
people  like  to  have  an  effect  produced  at  once,  The 
first  consideration  is  the  selection  for  this  purpose  of 
the  trees  to  be  removed  ;  care  should  be  taken  that 
they  are  not  in  too  sheltered  a  position,  as  such  are 
liable  to  be  soft  and  more  susceptible  of  changes  in 
site,  soil,  and  exposure.  The  shrubs  or  trees  being 
selected  the  next  point  is  the  preparing  them.  This 
should  be  done  at  least  twelve  months  before.  Now 
there  are  great  differences  of  opinion  as  to  the  way  in 
which  this  should  be  done.  It  has  been  recom- 
mended by  some  that  a  trench  should  be  cut  all  round 
the  tree  proposed  to  be  removed,  the  large  roots  cut, 
and  the  trench  again  filled  up  with  good  mould  such 
as  leaf-mould  and  sand,  so  as  to  encourage  the  pro- 
duction of  fibre  ;  this  to  be  at  a  distance  of  5  or  8 
feet  from  the  stem,  according  to  the  size  of  the  tree, 
and  the  tree  removed  at  the  proper  time  with  the  whole 
head  entire.     Now  I  cannot  agree  with  this  :  I  think 


ing  the  branches  ;  in  the  case  of  Conifers,  Beech  or 
Plane  trees,  this  cannot  well  be  done,  but  in  those 
mentioned  it  will  be  of  immense  advantage,  both 
economically  and  otherwise.  This  should  be  done 
immediately  after  the  leaves  are  off  in  the  case  of 
deciduous  trees,  say  the  month  of  October  or  Novem- 
ber ;  in  the  case  of  Conifers  and  others  in  the  spring, 
say  February  or  March,  not  later  than  the  first 
week. 

Removal. 
This  is  perhaps  the  most  anxious  part  of  the  work, 
and  it  must  be  done  with  great  care.  The  proper 
season  for  the  earlier  prepared  plants,  and  all  deciduous 
trees,  if  they  are  to  be  planted  in  a  sheltered  position, 
is  the  following  autumn,  all  evergreens  in  the  late 
spring.  The  work  of  removal  must  depend  very 
much  on  the  size  of  plants  or  trees  to  be  removed, 
and  the  distance  from  the  point  where  they  are 
to  be  transplanted.  Many  machines  have  been 
invented  for  this  purpose,  notably,  McGlashen's 
and  Barron's ;  and  while  each  has  its  several 
advantages,    nons     have    come    into    general    use. 


in,  during  which  time  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  should 
be  used,  to  consolidate  the  soil — this  going  on  simul- 
taneously with  the  filling  in  of  the  earth.  No  tramp- 
ing of  the  earth  with  the  feet  should  be  allowed,  as 
that  is  always  liable  to  bark  the  roots,  besides  leaving 
holes  or  vacancies  in  the  ground.  Water  does  this 
more  effectually,  besides  tending  to  revive  the  partially 
parched  and  withered  roots.  The  tree  should  then  be 
steadied  by  six  or  eight  cords  from  the  main  stem  to 
the  ground,  care  being  taken  that  they  do  not  chafe 
the  bark. 

This  can  easily  be  avoided  by  inserting  a  bunch  of 
dry  meadow  hay  or  moss  between  the  cords  and  the 
stem  ;  I  would  also  advise  that  the  stem  of  the  tree 
for,  say,  2  or  3  feet  from  the  ground,  be  bound  round 
with  soft  ropes,  made  of  meadow  hay  or  other  soft 
substance,  and  these  allowed  to  remain  until  they  fall 
o6f  by  decay  ;  by  this  means  a  genial  and  cool 
moisture  is  always  maintained  round  the  stem,  which 
is  eminently  beneficial  to  the  health  of  the  plant. 
In  the  case  of  evergreens  during  dry  weather  in 
spring  and  early  summer,  frequent  syringing  of  the 


782 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[December  18,  1886. 


head  is  most  advantageous,  as  it  arrests  the  partially 
weakened  root-action  necessary  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  leaves,  besiJes  keeping  the  pores  of  the  leaves 
in  a  healthy  condition.   C,  S,  F. 


HARDWOOD  TREES  TO  PLANT. 
(Cmitinurd  from  p.  718.) 
Birch  and  AlJcr. — For  dampish  ground  either  of 
the  above  trees  are  of  particular  value.  They  grow 
fast,  arrive  at  maturity  early,  and  are  always  sought 
after  for  the  timber  they  produce,  it  having  perhaps 
no  rival  in  that  ever-increasing  industry — clog-making. 
We  have  no  difficulty  whatever  in  selling  either  of 
the  above  timbers  at  \od.  per  foot,  local  demand 
rendering  it  quite  unnecessary  for  the  export  of  even 
a  single  load.  For  high-lying  ground  the  Birch  is 
invaluable,  and  when  forming  young  plantations  at 
great  elevations  a  sprinkling  of  the  tree  in  question 
is  always  to  be  recommended  not  only  for  the  shelter 
it  affords,  but  warm  and  ornamental  appearance  it 
imparts  to  the  landscape. 

A)h  timber,  although  one  of  the  most  useful  pro- 
duced in  this  country,  does  not  sell  so  readily  as  some 
other  kinds,  but  as  it  cannot  be  done  without  the 
planting  of  young  trees  to  take  the  place  of  such  as 
have  been  cut  down  must  be  encouraged.  A  dearth 
of  Ash  timber  would  be  serious,  for  its  uses  in  the 
manufacture  of  farming  and  other  implements  are 
maoy  and  varied.  Other  trees  that  should,  according 
to  circumstances,  soil,  altitude,  and  exposure,  enter 
largely  into  the  composition  of  our  woods  and  plan- 
tations are  the  English  and  Cornish  Elms,  the  Norway 
Maple,  Cherry,  Poplar,  and  Willow,  all  of  which,  in 
some  way  or  other,  have  good  qualities  that  claim 
our  attention. 

The  Willow  for  seaside  planting  has  few  equals, 
while  its  timber  for  pavements  or  bottoming  of  caits 
for  stone  traffic  cannot  be  superseded,  it  never  split- 
ting, but  leasing  or  wearing  gradually  away. 

The  Cornish  Elm  (Ulmus  cornubiense)  is  another 
excellent  tree,  whether  for  ornamental  appearance  or 
the  value  of  the  timber  it  produces.  That  it  is  so 
seldom  seen  is  certainly  to  be  regretted,  but  afttr  a 
little,  when  its  many  good  qualities  become  better 
known,  we  anticipate  that  as  a  lawn  and  general 
timber  tree  it  will  be  held  in  high  esteem.  The 
timber  is  bard  and  beautifully  grained,  and  has  given 
the  utmost  satisfaction  for  repairs  of  boat;,  and  as 
working  kindly  under  the  carpenter's  tools. 

As  a  general  woodland  tree,  its  fastigiate  habit  of 
growth  renders  it  peculiarly  well  adapted  ;  while  for 
embellishing  the  lawn  and  park  grounds  when  appro- 
priately placed  it  is  a  decided  acquisition  to  the 
general  run  of  our  ornamental  hard  woods. 

The  Spanish  Ches/niil  (Castanea  vesca)  is  another 
tree  whose  valuable  qualities  will  not  allow  us  to  pass 
it  unnoticed.  It  is  an  excellent  timber  tree,  of  free, 
rapid  growth,  fairly  accommodating  as  regards  quality 
of  soil  in  which  it  is  planted,  although  preferring  and 
attaining  its  greatest  luxuriance  in  free  open  loam  of 
good  quality,  and  second-rate  at  least  as  regards  value 
in  an  ornamental  sense.  For  various  purposes  the 
timber  is  highly  valued,  that  of  good  quality  and 
mature  age  being  in  demand  for  cabinet  work  and  as 
a  substitute  for  Oak  in  the  making  of  coffins. 

We  have  but  lillle  difficulty  in  obtaining  from 
IS.  6d,  to  IS.  Sd.  per  foot  for  clear,  large  trees,  more 
particularly  when  of  sufficient  size  for  the  latter- 
named  purpose.  This  tree  should  be  planted  in 
moderate  quantity  wherever  free  open  spaces  for  its 
perfect  development  can  be  found. 

Nursery  Work. 
As  the  various  borders  in  the  nursery  become 
vacant  have  them  trenched  or  deeply  dug  over,  the 
soil  at  the  same  time  being  thrown  up  in  as  loose  a 
manner  as  possible,  so  that  it  may  receive  the  full 
benefit  of  the  winter  frosts.  Such  brakes  or  patches 
of  the  ground  as  are  required  for  immediate  re-tilling 
should  be  levelled  over,  and  if  necessity  demand 
snch,  as  in  most  cises  it  will,  a  good  top-dressing  of 
thoroughly  decaye-S  farmyard  manure  or  accumula- 
tions of  leaf-mould  and  other  nursery  refuse  applied. 
During  fine  open  weather  the  transplanting  of  young 
stock,  or  such  as  it  is  not  intended  for  permanent 
positions  during  the  present  season,  should  be  actively 
engaged  in,  such  work  being  got  well  in  hand  before 
the  usual  spring  duties  of  the  forester  make  fresh  calls 
on  his  men  and  time.  Where  practicable  the  trans- 
planting of  young  stock  from  the  seed-beds  may  be 
deferred  until  early  spring,  and  after  the  chances  of 


the  usual  recurrence  of  frosty  weather  are  at  an  end. 
Too  often  does  it  happen  that  seedling  plants  lined 
out  in  early  winter  are  lifted  bodily  from  the  soil  by  the 
influence  of  the  frost,  their  roots  being  consequently 
much  damaged,  and  the  whole  constitution  of  the 
plant  impaired  in  a  corresponding  degree.  In  the 
event  of  seedling  nursery  stock  becoming  loosened 
through  severe  and  long-continued  frosts,  we  have 
found  a  dressing  of  finely-sifted  soil  to  be  of  great 
value  in  setting  matters  right.  Tine  cones  are 
unusually  long  in  becoming  ripe  this  season,  this 
being  no  doubt  attributable  to  the  rather  unfavourable 
sunless  summer  and  autumn  through  which  we  have 
passed.  When  collected  place  them  in  a  dry,  warm, 
and  airy  position,  and  allow  the  seeds  to  remain  in 
hem  until  wanted  for  planting  in  spring. 

Hedging. 

Ordinary  hedge  trimming,  ribbing  in,  and  cutting 
over  will  still  require  attention,  and  may  be  engaged 
in  from  time  to  time  where  constant  hedgers  are  not 
employed  ;  but  on  every  estate  where  the  live  fences 
are  at  all  numerous  a  couple  of  practical  hedgers 
should  by  all  means  be  employed,  as  the  efficient  work 
performed  by  such  is  of  great  value  in  preserving  the 
fences  in  a  neat  and  creditable  condition.  Gaps  in 
old  fences  will  require  looking  to  and  planting  up 
with  strong,  bu-.hy,  and  rooted  plants  of  the  Quick, 
Hornbeam,  or  Beech.  The  formation  of  new  hedges 
may  still  go  on  briskly — ^indeed,  the  sooner  after  the 
middle  of  November  these  are  finished  up  the  better, 
for  as  the  Thorn  is  one  of  our  first  plants  to  start  int3 
growth,  early  planting  can  alone  insure  that  vigour 
of  growth  and  quick  start  away  that  is  so  desirable  in 
every  newly  formed  fence. 

Wtiere  hedge  plants  are  to  be  substituted  for 
others  that  have  died  or  otherwise  got  killed  out,  it  is 
well  first  of  all  to  remove  the  old  soil  as  carefully  as 
possible  from  the  positions  in  which  they  are  to  be 
planted  and  substitute  other  of  better  quality  from  the 
woodland  or  adjoining  fields.  A.  D.  Webster. 


Sfltins  0f  Jflolis. 

The  Future  of  the  Date  Palm  in  India.  By 
E.  Bonavia,  M  D.  (Calcutta  ;  Thacker,  Spink 
&  Co.) 
The  author  of  this  little  book  has  been  making 
strenuous  efforts  to  further  the  progress  of  the  culti- 
vation of  the  Date  Palm  in  India,  No  doubt  in  that 
vast  country  there  are  some  districts — as  in  the  Punjab 
and  Sindh — where  Date  culture  would  be  successful. 
The  value  of  the  fruit  in  periods  of  famine  would  be 
incalculable,  for  the  Date  tree,  if  the  flowers  were 
properly  fertilised,  would  ripen  its  fruits  abundantly  in 
dry  rainless  seasons,  when  other  crops  would  be  likely 
to  fail.  Impressed  with  these  facts.  Dr.  Bonavia  has 
long  exerted  himself  to  secure  the  introduction  into 
North-western  India  of  the  finest  vaiieties  of  Arabian 
and  Persian  Dates,  and  has  achieved  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  success,  though  it  is  obvious 
that  to  be  of  real  service  the  matter  must  be 
taken  up  on  a  much  more  extensive  scale  than 
could  be  attempted  by  any  individual.  Moreover, 
there  is  a  good  deal  of  apathy  and  disinclination 
to  new  projects  on  the  part  of  both  natives  and 
European  officials  to  be  contended  with,  and  not  a 
little  ignorance.  The  fact  that  Date  Palms  have  the 
sexes  separate  is  not  sufficiently  known,  and  complaints 
are  consequently  made  about  infertility  or  imperfect 
ripening,  the  real  cause — the  absence  of  polhn-bearing 
flowers — not  being  thought  of.  It  appears  that  in  the 
Persian  Gulf  artificial  fertilisation  is  always  resorted 
to  if  first-class  Dates  are  required,  just  as  was  done  in 
olden  times,  and  the  same  process  should  be  resorted 
to  in  India.  Dr.  Bonavia  recommends  that  the  trees 
should  be  propagated  by  offsets  from  the  best  varieties 
of  female  plants,  taking  care  to  have  a  few  male  trees 
in  each  plantation.  Tae  offsets  are  planted  12  —  15  '«ft 
apart,  and  daily  watered  till  they  have  struck  root ;  or  if 
planted  in  a  nursery  as  a  temporary  measure  they 
should  be  put  in  prepared  soil  3  to  4  feet  apart,  and 
watered  regularly.  In  the  next  rainy  season  the 
young  plants  cin  be  carefully  taken  up,  and  placed  in 
their  permanent  quarters.  For  this  purpose,  holes 
2  feet  each  way  should  be  dug,  and  the  roots  placed 
in  a  compost  of  soil,  well-rotted  leaves,  and  wood 
ashes.  Watering  should  be  carefully  and  regularly 
attended  to.  Surface  dressings  and  mulchings  are 
desirable,-  as  retaining  moisture  and  supplying 
nourishment.  At  first.  Wheat,  Barley,  and  other 
low-growing  crops  can  be  grown  between  the  trees, 
but  subsequently  it  is  better  to  leave  the  Dates  in  full 
possession  of  the  ground,  for,  as  Dr.  Bonavia  truly 


says,   fine  fruit  can   only  be  obtained  by  good  cul- 
tivation. 

Date  stones  should  be  sown  in  September  or 
October  in  prepared  beds  of  rich  soil,  the  stones 
being  6  to  12  inches  apart.  Irrigation  should  be 
employed  whenever  necessary.  After  about  a  year 
the  seedlings  may  be  transplanted  12 — 15  feet  apart, 
and  daily  watched  and  watered.  A  safer  plan  is  to 
replant  them  about  3  feet  apart  in  a  second  nursery 
in  a  shady  site  for  another  year  before  placing  them 
in  permanent  quarters.  There  appears  to  be  no 
special  secret  in  the  cultivation  of  the  Date,  but  Dr. 
Bonavia  emphasises  the  necessity  for  constant  watch- 
fulness and  unremitting  care,  rather  than  special  skill. 
There  is  a  great  deal  of  valuable  information  in  this 
little  book,  and  Dr.  Bonavia's  facts  and  arguments 
ought  to  carry  conviction.  India  is  not  the  only 
dependency  where  Date  culture  might  be  advan- 
tageously introduced.  Some  parts  of  subtropical  and 
tropical  Africa  and  Australia  would  probably  be 
redeemed  from  barrenness  by  the  introduction  of 
these  trees. 


ROSIiS  AND    ROSE  STOCKS. 

As  I  suppose  most  Rose  lovers  have  before  now 
purchased  and  planted  their  Roses  (at  least,  they 
ought  to  have  done  so),  any  observations  I  may  make 
now  have  reference  to  the  future  rather  than  to  the 
present.  There  are  a  great  many  amateurs  who  like 
to  bud  their  own  plants,  and  it  is  to  this  point  that  I 
especially  direct  my  observations.  Any  who  have  care- 
fully read  Mr.  Douglas'  remarks  on  what  is  necessary 
to  be  done  in  the  Rose  garden  at  this  season  will  have 
made  all  secure  for  the  winter,  so  far  as  possible.  It  has 
hitherto  been  a  grand  autumn  time  ;  we  have  had 
plenty  of  moisture,  and  now  we  are  experiencing  fine 
dry  weather,  with  only  slight  hoar  frosts,  so  that 
there  can  be  no  excuse  for  not  being  well  forward 
with  work.  It  may  be  that  some  may  be  hampered 
because  the  packages  from  the  nurserymen  have  not 
arrived  ;  it  is  very  tiresome,  but  they  must  be  at  their 
wits'  end — the  wet  weather  prevented  them  lifting, 
and  now  that  the  dry  weather  has  come  there  is,  of 
course,  a  grand  rush.  Let  not,  however,  the  fineness 
of  the  weather  induce  amateurs  to  put  off  the  mulching 
that  ought  to  be  on  the  beds  now.  We  can  never 
tell  when  sharp  frost  may  come,  and  therefore  it  is 
well  to  be  prepared.  When  it  can  be  had  I  think 
there  is  little  doubt  that  pig  manure  is  the  best,  for, 
delicately  beautiful  as  the  Rose  is,  she  is,  unhappily, 
a  gross  feeder  ;  moreover,  I  do  not  think  it  encourages 
the  growth  of  fungus  so  much  as  stable-yard  manure, 
which  is  so  often  used. 

It  is,  however,  as  I  have  said,  with  regard  to  the 
future  I  wish  to  write.  Amateurs  are  fond  of  budding 
their  O'wn  Roses,  and  the  question  is,  what  stocks  are 
they  to  get  in  now  for  future  work?  A  good  many 
years  ago  I  ventured  to  predict  the  disfranchisement  of 
the  standards,  and  although  some  ridiculed  the  idea, 
the  prediction  has  been  pretty  well  fulfilled. 
Wherever  now  do  we  go  into  a  rosarian's 
garden  and  see  any  quantity  of  stand rrds  or 
Briers  prepared  for  budding?— or,  go  into  the  Rose 
nurseries,  where  do  we  see  the  large  quarters 
of  standards  that  we  used  to  see  ?  And  Canon 
Hole,  even  were  he  now,  as  in  former  days,  a  large 
Rose  grower,  might  with  equanimity  notice  the 
absence  of  his  Rose  man  from  church.  By-the- 
bye,  I  met  two  of  these  Rose  men  yesterday — 
this  neighbourhood  is  full  of  woods,  copses,  and 
hedgerows,  yet  the  whole  result  of  their  day's  work 
was  "fifty  Briers" — "terrible  'ard  work  surely  it  be 
too,  maister."  I  do  not  think  we  need  regret  the 
loss  of  the  standard  Rose  ;  its  appearance  was  the 
acme  of  ugliness,  unless  its  stem  could  be  concealed — 
a  tall  stick  with  a  head  like  a  mop  of  Roses  was  not 
the  way  to  show  the  queen  of  flowers  to  advantage  ;  and 
then  it  had  also  this  disadvantage — that  in  severe 
weather  it  readily  succumbed  to  the  frost.  A  few  years 
ago  I  went  to  France,  and  visited  the  Rose  gardens  of 
my  old  friend  Margottin  where  I  saw  one  of  the 
very  best  quarters  of  standards  I  had  ever  seen.  I 
was  also  at  Brie  Comte  Robert,  where  immense  quan- 
tities of  Roses  were  grown  j  the  following  winter  was 
a  severe  one,  and  every  one  of  these  was  killed. 
With  dwarf  Roses,  on  the  other  hand,  you  can  protect 
them  by  mulching,  and  covering  when  needed,  and 


December  iS,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


783 


wheo  cut  down  to  the  snow-line  they  will  shoot  up 
again,  whereas  the  standard  succumbs  in  tola. 

Having  thus  discarded  the  standard  in  favour  of 
dwarfs,  there  comes  the  question,  What  are  to  be  the 
dwarfs  ?  Shall  the  slock  be  Maneiti,  de  la  Griffieraie, 
Seedling  Bcier,  or  Brier  cutting  ?  A  few  years  ago  no 
such  question  would  hive  arisen.  Manetti  then 
reigned  supreme,  and  I  think  there  is  no  doubt  that 
Mr.  Rivers'  introduction  of  that  stock  was  one  o(  the 
greatest  boons  to  Rose  growing  that  we  have  had  ;  it 
enabled  the  Rose  to  be  propagated  as  it  had  never 
been  before,  and  it  was  not  by  any  means  a  singular 
case  for  a  nurseryman  to  have  a  quarter  of  a  million 
of  Minettis  ready  for  budding,  but  it  was  found  it  was 
not  the  stock  tor  many  of  the  Teas.  Then  came  the 
introduction  by  Mr.  George  Prince,  of  Oxford,  of  the 
seedling  Brier  ;  it  was  ridiculed  at  first,  but  it  outlived 
the  ridicule,  and  it  became  to  be  recognised  as  the  stock 
for  Teas,  and  the  contention  came  to  the  front  that  it 
was,  after  all,  the  best  stock  for  all  Roses,  and  that 
opinion  has  been  gradually  gaining  grouni.  Then  the 
Brier  cutting  was  especially  encouraged  by  Mr. 
Ban  Cant,  of  Colchester.  There  is  a  difference 
in  the  mode  of  rooting  between  the  seedling 
Brier  and  the  Brier  cutting ;  the  former  sends  its 
roots  straight  down,  the  Brier  cutting  spreads 
them  horizontally  ;  both  alike  form  large  quanti. 
ties  of  fibrous  roots,  but  the  Brier  cutting  is  easier  for 
working.  Some  rosarians,  amongst  others  your  con- 
tributor "  T.  W,  G.,"have  pronounced  uncompro- 
misingly against  the  Manetti  and  in  favour  of  the 
Brier.  "  T,  W.  G."  says,  that  if  he  had  an  offer  of 
looo  Roses  on  the  Manetti  ha  should  refuse  them. 
This  is  what  is  called  "coming  it  pretty  strong,"  but  it 
indicates  the  depth  of  the  writer's  convictions,  and  cer- 
tainly is  an  indication  of  the  way  matters  are  tending, 
Whether  growers  agree  with  this  or  not,  now  is  the 
time  for  laying  in  their  supply  of  stocks  for  next  year, 
and  they  will  do  well  to  include  In  that  supply  either 
seedling  Briers  (which  are  constantly  advertised  in  the 
gardening  papers),  or  Brier  cuttings.  I  have  not 
seen  stocks  of  these  advertised,  but  probably  they  are 
to  be  obtained.  It  is  too  late  now  to  strike  them  for 
another  season,  and  those  who  wish  to  try  them  must 
either  procure  them  at  a  nursery  or  be  contented  to 
wait. 

I  cannot  make  out  "  D.  T.  F."  I  ventured  to  say 
that  I  thought  that  he  would  find  that  the  best  exhi- 
bition Roses  would  prove  to  be  the  best  Roses  also 
for  garden  decoration.  He  asks,  If  so,  why  does  the 
National  Rose  Society  publish  a  list  of  garden  Roses, 
and  off^r  prizes  for  them  ?  Surely  he  must  under- 
stand that  the  list  of  garden  Roses  (which  is  a  name 
applied  simply  in  distinction  to  exhibition  Roses,  and 
not  because  those  in  that  portion  of  the  catalogue  are 
better  for  garden  decoration)  introduces  us  to  different 
types  of  Roses,  which  may  be  useful  enough  for 
decorative  purposes,  but  are  not  what  are  ordinarily 
termed  show  Roses.  Let  me  say,  too,  that  "  D.  T.  F. " 
makes  it  very  hard  to  follow  him.  He  stated 
that  the  National  Rose  Society  did  not  have 
autumn  shows  because  they  did  not  pay,  and  when 
I  showed  that  the  Society  received  no  benefit  from 
their  exhibitions,  he  says  he  did  not  introduce  the 
paying  subject.  As  to  his  last  paragraph  I  have 
read  and  re-read  it,  but  I  confess  it  beats  me.  I  at  last 
concluded  that  he  meant  to  take  A.  K.  Williams  as 
the  type  of  an  exhibition  Rose  and  Gloire  de  Dijon  of 
a  garden  Rose  ;  if  so,  the  comparison  is  un'air.  In  the 
first  place  Gloire  de  Dijon  is  often  exhibited  in  many 
stands,  and  although  not  in  the  National  Rose 
Society's  list  of  exhibition  Roses,  is  so  marked  in 
many  catalogues ;  and  in  the  second  place,  it  is  not 
fair  to  compare  a  climbing  Rose,  whose  proper  place 
is  a  wall,  with  a  bush  Rose.  A.  K.  Williams  ought 
to  be  compared  with  the  Gallicas,  Hybrid  Bourbons, 
and  Roses  of  that  class.  I  believe,  notwithstand- 
ing this,  however,  that  A.  K.  Williams  is  a  good 
garden  Rose,  as  it  is  one  of  the  most  certain  autumnal 
bloomer  we  have,  just  one  word  more,  "  D.  T.  F." 
has,  unhappily  for  himself,  alluded  to  the  Caledonian 
Horticultural  Society's  exhibition  to  back  up  his  con- 
tention ^about  the  advisiability  of  holding  autumn 
shows — well,  I  was  there,  and  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say 
that  in  the  amateurs'  classes  there  was  not  one  Rose 
which  would  have  been  admitted  into  a  fourth-rate 
stand  in  July.  There  were  two  good  stands  for  nur- 
serymen— one  from  Aberdeen,  far  away  North,  and  one 
from  the  North  ot  Ireland,  and  therefore  I  do  not 
think  "  D.  T.  F."  has  gained  much  by  his  reference 
to  this  exhibition.  That  nurserymen  might  get  a  fair 
stand  in  autumn  we  know,  that  amateurs  have  plenty 


of  flowers  which  are  delightful  and  pleasing  is  also 
correct  ;  but  that  is  a  very  different  thing,  and  I  think 
most  rosarians  will  agree  with  me  that  we  had  better 
enjoy  the  modest  beauty  of  our  autumn  Roses  at 
home.    Wild  Rose. 

Cin.TIVATIoy. 
Plants  which  were  placed  in  warmth  early,  so  as  to 
give  a  supply  o(  bloom  the  last  week  in  October  and 
during  the  past  month,  will  have  got  over  their  best 
bloom  by  this  time,  and  will  be  breaking  again,  and 
showing  quantities  of  buds.  The  plants  will  be  bene- 
fited by  having  a  coatint;  of  fibrous  loam  and  bone- 
meal  spread  thinly,  in  which  the  roots  will  run  freely, 
and  strong  growths  will  be  thrown  up,  some  of  which 
will  give  as  many  as  thirty  buds  and  blooms.  Keep 
the  plants  freely  syringed  on  all  fine  days,  and  the 
troughs  charged  with  liquid  manure,  otherwise  the 
foliage  will  soon  get  infested  with  red-spider.  Give 
manure-water  freely  to  all  growing  plants  ;  regulate 
all  shoots  as  they  get  matured,  so  as  to  get  the  plants 
nicely  furnished  with  them  ;  introduce  into  this  house, 
if  space  will  permit,  hybrid  perpetuals  which  were 
forced  last  season  and  well  cared  for  afterwards  ; 
these  will  produce  flowers  that  will  be  acceptable  in 
decorations,  or  for  personal  adornment.  Sunset,  a 
deep  apricot  colour,  is  becoming  a  great  favourite 
here  ;  it  is  beautiful  in  bud,  and  a  fine  forcing  variety, 
producing  an  abundance  of  good  and  well-shaped 
flowers.  W.  F.  Bennett  (crimson  Tea)  is  one  of  the 
greatest  additions  we  have  ever  had  in  this  class,  being 
large  and  double,  free-flowering,  and  very  fragrant. 
A,  EvatiSj  Lythe  Hillj  Haslcnure, 


CUTTINGS  OF  SHRUBS,  &c. 
Cuttings  of  Sweet  Bay,  Laurel,  Ribes,Gueldre  Rose, 
and  hosts  of  other  subjects,  may  be  put  in  to  strike  with 
a  little  heel  of  the  old  wood  attached  to  the  cuttings. 
It  is  a  safer  plan  to  open  a  perpendicular  notch  with 
a  spade  and  place  the  cuttings  against  the  face,  than 
to  dibble  them  in.  You  are  more  certain  of  the  soil 
being  firm  around  the  base  of  the  cuttings,  which  is  a 
matter  of  great  importance  to  their  rooting  speedily. 
Aucubas  will  root  more  satisfactorily  if  a  glass  case 
can  be  spared  for  their  accommodation. 

Rose  StocivS. 

As  soon  as  possible  a  good  stock  of  nice  straight- 
stemmed  plants  should  be  secured  of  the  Dog 
Rose  for  purposes  of  budding  next  season. 
These  should  be  planted  in  well-prepared  beds 
after  having  their  roots  trimmed  of  gnarled  and 
useless  wood.  They  should  also  be  eximined  round 
the  base  under  the  ground  level,  and  any  eyes  likely 
to  develope  suckers  should  be  removed  with  the  point 
of  a  knife.  Where  Manettis  have  been  layered  for 
the  purposes  of  furnishing  stocks  for  grafting,  they 
may  be  removed  from  the  stools,  and  either  potted  or 
planted  in  nursery  lines.  Continue  to  plant  Roses  as 
soon  as  received.  Should  any  of  the  plants  be  found 
very  dry  in  the  roots,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  steep  the 
roots  in  water,  or  to  make  a  puddle,  and  work  the 
roots  of  such  I\oses  in  this  til!  a  considerable  portion 
adheres  to  them,  and  then  plant  them.  If  the  plants 
are  in  good  condition,  they  may  be  planted  forthwith. 

Stations  for  Trees  and  Shrubs. 
If  notes  were  made  earlier  in  the  season  where  it 
was  deemed  necessary  to  introduce  types  of  foliage  to 
increase  or  produce  effect,  they  should  now  be  referred 
to.  In  sheltered  positions  the  Ailantus  has  a  fine 
effect.  Its  characteristic  foliage  renders  it  one  of  the 
most  desirable  trees  to  plant  in  ornamental  grounds, 
especially  near  water.  Many  of  the  new  types  of 
Oaks  are  also  striking  objects.  Some  of  these  pro- 
duce enormous  leaves,  such  as  Daimio  ;  while 
such  as  fastigiata,  from  its  erect  growing  habit,  is 
quite  as  effective  as  the  Lombardy  Poplar,  ard  per- 
fectly hardy,  which  the  other  is  not.  The  various 
types  of  Maple  must  not  be  passed  over.  They  are 
some  of  our  most  effective  autumn  trees,  and  the 
Japanese  varieties  are  the  most  gorgeous  of  any  trees 
yet  introduced  ;  most  of  them  are  perfectly  hardy, 
and  the  foliage  is  invaluable  for  dinner-table  work. 
The   various   colours  of  double  and   single   Thorns 


produce  a  splendid  effect  in  combination  with  Ghent 
Azaleas  and  Rhododendrons,  as  well  as  single  plants 
by  the  sides  of  walks.  A  goodly  use  should  also  be 
made  of  the  Mountain  Ash  ;  ir  is  very  striking  in 
autumn,  and  also  looks  well  among  Rhododendrons. 
Garrya  elliptica  is  also  a  capital  subject  in  a  recess 
with  a  southern  aspect.  It  is  a  shrub  with  dark  green 
leaves,  but  it  is  its  flowers  which  stamp  it  as  an 
effective  plant  ;  they  are  produced  in  abundance,  and 
depend  from  the  shoots  like  Cob-nut  catkins,  only 
they  are  from  5  to  6  inches  in  length.  It  is  a  pity  it 
is  not  quite  hardy.  Some  very  fine  specimens  here 
were  destroyed  in  1 868  69,  but  they  sprang  again  from 
the  bottom,  Tilia  asplenifolia  is  a  beautiful  object  to 
plant  in  shrubberies  ;  when  in  flower  it  is  so  delicate 
as  to  rival  the  grace  of  ostrich  plumes.  IVm,  Baillie, 
Lulon  Hoc, 


EARLY   FORCED   POTATOS. 

Where  these  are  required  during  March,  April, 
and  onwards,  the  first  planting  should  be  made  with- 
out delay  ;  very  good  tubers  may  be  grown  in  10  or 
1 1  inch  pots,  or  in  portable  boxes.  An  advantage  is 
gained  by  first  starting  the  sets  as  advised  in  a  former 
Calendar,  by  placing  them  in  shallow  boxes,  covered 
with  leaf  soil,  in  gentle  heat  ;  care  must,  however,  be 
taken  that  they  do  not  remain  in  this  position  too 
long,  but  the  tubers  should  be  taken  carefully  out  and 
planted  as  soon  as  the  young  shoots  are  prominent, 
and  the  formation  of  roots  has  commenced.  After 
planting,  and  until  the  young  growths  are  well  above, 
ground,  a  comparatively  close  temperature  may  be 
indulged  in,  but  after  this  stage  a  more  buoyant,  airy 
one  will  be  necessary,  and  which  should  be  so  regulated 
that  the  growth  and  foliage  be  robust  and  sturdy. 
When  grown  in  pots  these  should  be  well  drained, 
and  filled  rather  more  than  half  full  of  soil,  made 
moderately  firm  ;  four  sets  will  be  enough  for  pots  of 
the  dimensions  given,  and  which  can  be  covered  for 
the  present  with  an  inch  or  so  of  soil,  the  remainder 
being  added  later  on,  and  when  the  haulm  is  well 
above  the  rims  of  the  pots. 

For  Frames. — Whether  healed  by  hot-water  pipes 
or  entirely  by  fermenting  material,  a  slight  bottom- 
heat  is  necessary  in  either  case  ;  when  the  latter 
method  is  adopted,  a  well  constricted  dung  frame 
will  of  necessity  be  required,  but  wfere  artificial  heat 
is  at  command,  a  much  less  quantity  will  suffice,  and 
may  vary  in  depth  from  2  feet  upwards  according  to 
the  construction  or  situation  of  the  pit  or  frame  to  be 
filled — in  either  case,  however,  the  contents  should  be 
so  arranged  that  when  finished  and  made  ready  for 
planting  by  having  9  inches  of  soil  added,  the 
surface  should  be  within  15  or  iS  inches  of  the 
glass  ;  the  sets  should  be  planted  in  shallow  drills 
from  I  foot  to  15  inches  asunder,  and  9  inches 
apart,  and  afterwards,  and  before  the  haulm  has 
got  too  high,  a  little  more  fresh  soil  should  be 
added.  All  dung  frames  will  require  well  covering 
to  exclude  frost,  and  this  protection  should  be  given 
from  the  time  the  sets  are  planted  ;  the  temperature 
also  must  be  maintained  by  the  renewal  of  and  addi- 
tion to  the  linings  as  the  heat  in  them  declines. 

Soil. — If  at  hand,  that  in  which  Cucumbers  or  French 
Beans  have  been  grown,  with  perhaps  the  addition  of 
a  little  leaf  soil  and  a  sprinkling  of  soot,  will  be  a  very 
suitable  one  ;  but  if  soil  has  to  be  prepared,  almost 
any  light  turfy  loam,  that  has  been  stacked  for  at 
least  six  months  will  serve  the  purpose  ;  this  should 
be  chopped  up  finely  with  the  spade,  and  one-third 
of  leaf-soil  and  thoroughly  rotten  dung,  as  from  an 
old  Mushroom  bed  added,  and  the  whole  be  well 
mixed.  If  any  specially  fine  clean  tubers  be  desired 
a  little  more  space  in  planting  must  be  allowed,  and 
the  upper  portion  of  the  soil  they  are  grown  in  sifted 
through  a  half-inch  sieve,  and  a  liberal  addition  of 
coarse  sand  added  if  it  is  deficient  of  that  ingredient. 

Water  should  always  be  very  sparingly  applied  to 
forced  Potatos,  especially  in  the  earlier  stages.  As  a 
rule  none  should  be  given  until  the  growths  are  from 
6  to  S  inches  high,  nor  after  that  until  the  young 
tubers  have  formed  and  are  swelling. 

Vatieties. — The  most  suitable  for  framework  are 
selections  of  the  Ashleaf  section,  these  being  alike 
good  in  quality  and  quantity,  and  make  but  small 
haulm. 

Early  Horn  Carrots. 

The  frame  for  these,  if  prepared  as  advised  In  a 
previous  Calendar,  will  be  ready  for  the  reception  of 
the  soil,  which  should  be  of  a  fine  sandy  nature,  and 
from  6  to  8  inches  in  depth.  After  being  made  firm 
and  even,  the  seed  should  be  sown  in  shallow  drills 
6  inches  apart,  and  the  frame  afterwards  kept  close 
until  the  seeds  germinate.  John  Austen,  Witley  Court, 


784 


THB    GAkDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[bsCEMBER    18,    1886. 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Week. 


MONDAY, 
Dec.  30. 


TUESDAY, 
Dec.  21. 


WEDNESDAY, 
Dec.  22. 


THURSDAY, 
Dec.  23. 


SALES. 

\  Sale  of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Plants, 
\       and  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
r  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower,  at  Pro- 
j       theroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Roses,  Azaleas,  &c.,  at  the 

City  Auction    Rooms,   by    Pro- 
,       theroe  &  Morris. 
Sale  of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Plants, 

Bulbs,    10,000    Lilium    auratum 

from  Japan,  5000  South  Alrican 

Tuberoses,    Home-grown  Lilies, 

&c.,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  Plants  and  Lilium  auratum, 

at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
'  Sale  of  Orchids  Irom  Mr.  F.  Sander, 

twelve  cases  of  Araucarias,  &c., 

at  Stevens'  Rooms, 


First  and  foremost  among  plants 
suitable  for  Christmas  decorations 
stands  the  Holly  in  all  its  more 
robust  and  beautiful  varieties,  green  and 
gay.  Among  the  latter  we  have  many  richly 
variegated  golden  and  silver  varieties.  Un- 
like golden  and  silver  Yews,  and  not  a  few 
other  bright-leaved  shrubs  and  trees,  the  Holly 
retains  its  maximum  of  beauty  up  to  Christmas- 
tide.  The  berries,  whether  of  the  golden 
or  coral-coloured  varieties,  provide  such  a 
display  as  no  other  group  of  plants  can  furnish. 
The  mention  of  golden  berries  suggests  the 
nquiry,  why  the  golden-berried  Holly  is  not 
more  generally  cultivated  ?  It  has  always  been 
scarce,  and  yet  we  have  no  golden  berried  plant 
in  any  way  equal  to  it,  or  that  forms  such  a 
rich  contrast  with  the  glowing  coral— the  normal 
type  of  Holly  berries.  With  abundance  of 
Holly  toned  down  a  little  with  the  silvern 
berries  of  the  Mistleto,  hardly  any  other 
plant  is  needed  to  complete  our  Christmas 
decoration. 

Unfortunately,  however,  this  year  the  Holly, 
in  some  districts,  was  cleared  of  its 
berries  nearly  three  weeks  before  Christmas. 
The  birds  have  stolen  a  march  on  the 
decorators,  and  shorn  the  Holly  of  two-thirds  of 
its  glories  as  a  decorative  plant.  The  mere 
admirer  of  rich  foliage  plants  will  object  to  the 
proportions  here  stated,  and  it  may  be  at  once 
admitted  that  these  are  not  material,  and  will 
be  largely  determined  by  matters  of  taste  and 
sentiment.  A  practical  question  of  consider- 
able importance,  however,  pauses  for  solution, 
and  that  is  the  search  for  substitutes  for  Holly 
berries  in  districts  where  these  either  have  not 
been  produced  this  season,  or  where  they  have 
been  prematurely  devoured  by  birds. 

And  as  it  has  been  said  of  one  or  more  great 
men,  that  none  but  themselves  could  be 
their  equal,  so  it  must  be  said  of  Holly 
berries  ;  and  as  their  non-production  or 
destruction  is  seldom  universal  or  general,  a 
limited  supply  of  them  may  mostly  be 
forthcoming.  The  carriage  of  Holly  boughs 
laden  with  berries  is  costly  ;  a  box  of  berries 
in  singles  or  bunchlets,  daintily  picked,  and 
packed  to  avoid  bruising,  would,  however,  cost 
but  little  for  carriage,  and  go  a  long  way  in 
lighting  up  the  boughs,  if  used  with  studied 
moderation  and  such  tact  as  to  give  the  impres- 
sion of  a  natural  example  of  a  thin-berried  sea- 
son. Even  in  seasons  such  as  this,  when  most  or 
all  of  the  most  suitable  branchlets  for  house  or 
church  decoration  are  stripped  bare,  a  sufficiency 
of  berries  may  not  be  found  in  out-of-the-way 
places  for  the  enlivenment  of  the  green  or  varie- 
gated boughs.  The  berries  are  often  found 
thinly  dispersed,  or  on  boughs  with  imperfect 
leaves,  and  it  is  quite  a  legitimate  exercise  ol 
the  decorative  skill  to  transfer  them  from  where 
they  are  useless  or  unseen  to  coigns  of  vantage 
where  each  berry  or  group  of  berries  will  add  to 
the  glowing  beauty  of  the  decoration. 

In  the  absence  of  berries  small  Sweet  or 
summer  Peas  rolled  in  red  lead  or  vermilion,  or 


any  other  and  more  perfect  mixture  of  red  and 
golden  Holly  berries,  form  useful  subjects  for 
distant  effects.  Ivy  berries  are  too  large  to  be 
mistaken  for  Hollies,  and  if  used  in  their  natural 
state  tend  to  throw  the  whole  decoration  into 
mourning. 

The  Pyracantha  is  magnificent  when  and 
where  a  sufficiency  can  be  had,  though  in  neither 
of  its  colours  will  it  pass  muster  for  Holly. 
Some  of  the  larger  berried  Thorns,  too,  are 
admirable,  but  they  are  mostly  over  too  soon  to 
be  available  for  Christmas  decoration.  The 
Berberis  aquifolium  and  some  others,  where 
they  seed  or  berry  freely,  are  useful,  alike  in 
leaf  or  berry  ;  and  where  the  Butcher's  Broom 
or  the  Ale-xandrian  Laurel  abound,  and  berry 
freely,  few  plants  give  a  richer  or  more  chaste 
or  brilliant  touch  to  Christmas  decorations. 
Then  a  few  berried  branchlets  of  these  well 
posted  in  a  leafy  grove  of  Yews— the  latter 
richly  clothed  with  their  brilliant  acorn- 
shaped  berries — are  extremely  effective  in  com- 
bination with  variegated  Hollies  without  berries. 
Laurustinus  berries,  too,  when  obtainable, 
are  exquisite  for  chaste  decoration,  and  with 
these  such  Ivy-leaved  and  berried  plants 
as  some  of  the  Cotoneasters  may  be  used. 
Hips,  especially  of  the  Sweet  Brier,  which  are 
abundant  this  year,  and  Snowberries,  are  also 
most  effective  in  large  combinations,  as  are  the 
feathery  seed-vessels  of  the  Traveller's  Joy, 
Clematis  fiammula,  and  others.  As  to  shrubs,  it 
is  hardly  needful  to  go  beyond  Hollies  and 
Yews,  though  for  the  fabrication  of  letters  Box  is 
useful  and  very  tractable  as  a  base,  as  are  also 
the  variegated  and  plain  leaved  Euonymus,  the 
Japanese  Honeysuckles,  and  other  smallish  foli- 
age plants.  The  Sweet  Bay,  too,  and  all  the 
Laurels,  are  often  used  for  decoration  on  a  large 
scale ;  but  for  brilliancy  and  staying  pro- 
perties there  are  no  plants  to  match  Holly, 
Yew,  and  Mistleto,  well  clothed  with  berries. 
With  these  in  good  form,  all  things  are  possible ; 
without  them  the  most  skilful  decoration  must 
be  poor  indeed. 


Action  of  Pollen-tube  on  the  Ovary. 

— It  is  well  known  to  growers  that  the  ovary  of 
many  Orchids,  and  also  of  the  Banana,  will  swell  and 
ripen  even  when  no  seed  is  formed.  The  explana- 
tion is  that  the  pollen-tube  in  its  passage  down  the 
style  feeds  on  the  contents  of  the  cells  with  which 
it  is  in  contact,  and  thus  leads  the  life  ol  a  parasite. 
In  so  doing  it  brings  about  an  afflux  of  nourishment 
to  the  part,  and  consequent  sivelling.  Frequently 
the  ovary  has  attained  its  full  siie  before  the  ovulei 
in  its  interior  are  fertilised. 

The    Botanical   and    Horticultural 

Society  of  Durham,  Northumberland,  and 
Newcastleon-Tyne.— The  spring  show  will  be 
held  in  the  Town  Hall,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  on 
April  20  and  21  next.  No  summer  show  is  intended 
to  be  held,  but  a  large  autumn  show  in  the  grounds 
of  the  Royal  Jubilee  Exhibition  (to  be  held  in  New- 
castle next  year),  the  dates  of  this  show  being 
August  30  and  31  and  September  i.  This  show  is 
in  conjunction  with  and  will  form  pait  of  the  attrac- 
tions of  the  Exhibition. 

Baillon's   "  Dictionnaire    de    Botan- 

IQOE." — This  most  useful  publication  continues 
its  slow  growth.  It  is  indispensable  in  all 
botanical  libraries.  Detailed  as  it  is,  there  are  some 
notable  omissions;  thus,  under  "Hartweg,"  not  a 
word  is  said  of  his  travels  in  Mexico ;  nor  are 
Harvey's  long  residence  at  the  Cape,  nor  his 
travels  in  Australia  mentioned.  "  Hindweed  "  is 
given  as  the  English  name  for  Convolvulus  arvensis 
instead  of  Bindweed,  but  these  matters  are  but  trifles 
compared  to  the  general  excellence  of  the  book, 

"The    Botanical    Magazine."  —  The 

hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Botanical  Magazine  has 
just  been  reached.  No  publication  of  its  kind  has 
attained  anything  like  the  same  age,  and  none  has 
been  so  useful.  A  glance  through  the  back  volumes 
supplies  an  epitome  of  the  high-class  horticulture  of 


the  period.  'We  hope  shortly  to  be  able  to  lay  before 
our  readers  some  comments  on  this  subject.  The 
present  volume  is  dedicated  by  the  Editor,  Sir 
Joseph  Hooker,  to  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  the 
President  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  in  the 
following  terms  :— "  Allow  me  on  this,  the  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  Botanical  Magazine,  to  dedicate 
to  you,  as  President  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
the  volume  that  is  the  evidence  of  this  work  having 
attained  a  longevity  far  exceeding  that  of  any  other 
botanical  or  horticultural  serial.  Whilst  thus  com- 
memorating your  service  to  horticulture  I  would 
associate  with  your  name  that  of  the  lady  from  whom 
you  directly  inherit  your  love  of  plants  and  your 
passion  for  gardening— the  late  Mrs.  Lawrence,  of 
Ealing  Park,  whose  liberality  and  whose  rich  and 
beautiful  conservatories  were  set  forth  by  my  pre- 
decessor in  the  dedication  to  her  of  the  sixty-eighth 
volume  (published  in  1842)  of  this  work,  and  whose 
kindness  to  myself  when  a  very  young  botanist  I  shall 
ever  hold  in  grateful  remembrance." 

Culture  of  Peppermint.— The  following 

remarks  are  extracted  from  a  paper  on  oil  of  Pepper- 
mint, read  at  a  meeting  of  the  American  Pharmaceu- 
tical Association :— "  The  industry  in  England  reached 
its  lenith  about  1850,  just  100  years  alter  its  introduc- 
tion, when  the  area  cultivated  was  about  1500  acres, 
but,  owing  to  successful  American  competition,  it  was 
reduced  duringthe  next  fifteen  years  to  about  250  acres. 
From  personal  observation  when  visiting  the  Pepper- 
mint districts  of  England  in  1875,  I  attribute  the 
success  of  American  competition  to  a  more  perfect 
system  of  distillation  and  apparatus  therefor,  and 
the  more  healthful  growth  of  the  plants  in  oiir 
country." 

Cactus  Spirit.— In  Spain  Don  Fernando 

DE  LA  Camara  recommends  the  employment  of  the 
fruit  of  the  Prickly  Pear— Opuntia  vulgaris— for  the 
manufacture  of  alcohol.  As  this  plant  is  very  common 
in  many  of  our  tropical  and  subtropical  dependencies 
it  may  be  worth  the  consideration  of  some  of  our 
Colonial  friends. 

Royal      Northern       Horticultural 

Society  of  Aberdeen. — At  a  meeting  of  the 
acting  directors  of  this  Society,  held  in  the  Secretary's 
office,  Union  Street,  Aberdeen,  on  Friday  evening, 
loth  inst.,  Town-Councillor  Lyon  was  unanimously 
re-elected  Chairman,  and  Major  Crombie,  'Vice- 
Chairman. 

Leaves  of  Pines. — Messrs.  Coulter  and 

Rose  have  published  in  the  November  number  of  the 
Botanical  Gazette  a  synopsis  of  the  North  American 
species  of  Pinus  based  upon  the  microsropical 
anatomy  of  the  leaves.  It  is  not  likely  that  gardeners 
or  foresters  of  this  generation  will  avail  themselves  of 
this  means  of  discriminating  the  species,  which,  never- 
theless, for  botanical  purposes,  is  very  useful. 

Trowbridge  Horticultural  Society. — 

This  Society  is  in  so  prosperous  a  financial  condition  as 
to  excite  the  envy  of  many  a  committee  whose  ventures 
have  turned  out  less  successfully.  The  Hon.  Sec, 
Mr.  J.  Huntley,  reports  that  the  annual  show  in 
August  last  realised  a  profit  of  over  ^30,  and  the 
balance  in  favour  of  the  Society  is  now  just  over 
■C245— truly  a  very  satisfactory  state  of  things.  A 
desire  has  been  expressed  that  the  Society  should 
hold  a  Chrysanthemum  show  next  November,  but 
whether  it  will  be  carried  out  remains  to  be  seen. 

Fasciated  Roots. — Mr.  Burbidge  has  been 

kind  enough  to  send  us  a  specimen  of  a  Japanese 
Piper  in  which  the  aerial  roots  are  flattened  out  into 
broad  masses  like  the  antlers  of  an  elk  in  miniature, 
but  covered  with  a  rich  investment  of  brown  velvety 
hairs  like  that  covering  the  inflorescence  of  the 
Sumach.  Under  normal  circumstances  the  tip  of  a 
root  has  but  one  growing  point.  In  these  cases  from 
over-nutrition  several  are  formed,  but  they  remain  for 
the  most  part  encircled  by  a  continuous  band  ol  cellular 
tissue,  so  that  they  do  not  separate,  or  only  to  a  slight 
extent,  into  separate  rootlets,  but  remain  in  the  form 
of  a  flattened  band. 

The    Phyllo.xera    Laws.— There    would 

appear  to  be  some  hope  that  the  absurd  restrictions 
on  the  commerce  in  plants  are  about  to  be  made 
somewhat  easier  in  the  German  Empire  for  nursery- 
men and  others  living  in  England  and  other  countries 
that   have   not   joined   the   Phylloxera   Convention. 


> 

>fi. 

i> 

'■'i 

h' 

1; 

'^ 

t)ECEMBER   1 8,    1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


785 


The  Imperial  Chancellery  has  recently  asked  the 
opinion  of  the  government  of  Saxony  in  regard  to 
these  laws,  which  has  replied  that  it  appeared  to  be 
desirable  to  admit  plants  and  vegetables,  with  the 
sole  exception  of  Grape  Vines,  under  the  condition 
that  these  are  examined  and  pronounced  to  be  free 
from  Phylloxera  by  experts  at  the  frontier  station, 

Floral    Fashions.— Within  the   last  few 

years  a  great  change  has  been  wrought  in  the  style  of 
making  up  Howers  for  personal  adornment.  A  few 
years  back  the  idea  of  using  Ivy  leaves  that  had 
become  discoloured  by  exposure  would  have  been 
considered  absurd  ;  yet  at  the  present  time  their  use 
has  become  general  ;  and  the  once  indispensable 
Maidenhair  Fern  is  falling  more  and  more  into  disuse, 
for  besides  Ivy  leaves,  many  other  kinds  of  foliage 
are  used.  The  Ivy  leaves  that  are  used  are  mostly 
imported  from  France  ;  they  are  rather  small  in  size, 
and  of  a  beautiful  bronzy  hue,  and  when  nicely 
worked  up  they  are  very  effective  ;  besides  which 
they  last  well,  where  Maidenhair  Fern  would  quickly 
perish.  In  all  kinds  of  Soral  arrangements  various 
sorts  of  coloured  foliage  are  very  extensively  used,  and 
when  brought  in  combination  with  flowers  of  distinct 
colours  it  are  certainly  more  appropriate  than  the 
indiscriminate  use  of  Maidenhair  Fern. 

Floral  Devices.— Our  American  cousins, 

so  often  in  advance  of  us,  are  at  least  a  half-century 
behind  in  the  matter  of  floral  devices.  The  absurd 
monstrosities  now  scarcely  ever  seen  in  this  country, 
even  at  a  village  flower  show,  seem  to  be  in  full 
favour  across  the  Atlantic.  The  following  incident, 
related  in  an  American  paper,  may  help  to  banish  an 
absurd  custom  : — "  As  the  curtain  went  down  after 
the  second  act  of  Miss  Multon  last  night  an  usher 
rushed  down  the  middle  aisle  of  the  theatre  bearing 
a  most  unique  floral  device.  It  looked  much  like  a 
big  baby  swaddled  in  white  laces,  with  its  little  red 
head  protruding.  Some  of  the  audience  took  it  for 
a  snow  man  with  a  piece  of  red  flannel  around  its 
throat.  As  Miss  Morris  received  the  offering  and 
wrestled  it  behind  the  curtain  she  looked  much 
bewildered.  It  was,  in  fact,  a  floral  representation 
of  '  Liberty  enlightening  the  world.'  The  florist  had 
used  poetic  licence  with  Liberty,  however,  and  as  a 
result  she  was  lop-sided,  one-armed,  legless,  and 
grinning."  I 

LONCHOCARPUS  Barteri.— The  members  of 

this  rather  extensive  genus  show  a  considerable  range 
of  variation,  some  being  trees  with  upright  habit, 
while  others  are  climbers  or  twiners.  The  species 
under  notice  is  so  habited,  and  ascends  trees  in  its 
native  haunts  in  tropical  Africa  to  a  great  height. 
This  latter  fact  is  its  most  serious  drawback,  and  will 
weigh  heavily  with  cultivators  in  this  country  on 
account  of  the  extent  of  house-room,  or  in  other 
words  the  length  of  rafter  required  to  grow  it  to  a 
flowering  state.  In  the  Palm-house  at  Kew,  where 
it  has  been  growing  and  gaining  strength  for  some 
years,  flowers  have  at  length  been  produced  in 
tolerable  abundance  in  the  upper  reaches  of  its  great 
twining  stems.  Planted  in  one  of  the  beds,  it  ascends 
a  pillar  supporting  the  gallery,  rambling  extensively 
over  the  railings  of  the  latter,  and  finally  ascends  some 
wires  reaching  nearly  to  the  highest  part  of  the 
roof.  The  Pea-like  flowers  are  rose  coloured  and 
rather  small,  but  numerous,  in  large  axillary  panicles 
or  compound  racemes,  produced  on  the  stems  near 
the  glass  toward  the  top  of  the  .house.  Under  such 
conditions,  visitors  in  the  lower  part  of  the  house, 
would  never  become  aware  of  their  presence,  but 
seen  from  the  gallery  they  are  sufficiently  conspicuous 
to  attract  attention.  The  final  ascent  on  the  wires 
near  the  glass  seems  to  have  been  favourable  to  the 
production  of  flowers. 

Kapok. — Under  this  Malayan  name  the  Silk- 
cotton  tree  of  India  and  the  Archipelago,  and  which 
is  indeed  common  thioughout  the  tropics,  is  known. 
Botanically  it  is  the  Eriodendron  anfractuosum,  a 
plant  well  known  to  botanists,  and,  when  collecting 
seed-vessels  was  in  vogue  some  forty  years  ago,  to 
amateurs  also.  It  was  always  a  mystery  why  the 
silky  fibres  attached  to  the  seeds  of  this  plant  in  such 
profusion,  were  not  utilised.  Certainly  it  was  from 
no  fault  of  the  botanists.  Now  we  learn  that  it  forms 
a  large  item  in  Australian  trade,  Melbourne  being  now 
supplied  from  India  and  Ceylon,  It  is  chiefly  used 
for  upholstery  purposes.  In  1886,  7995  bales,  worth 
between  £26,000  and  ;^27,ooo,  were  imported,  prin- 


cipally from  Java,  where  special  care  is  taken  in 
cleansing  and  packing  the  fibre. 

Honours  to  Californian  Botanists.— 

Professor  and  Mrs.  J.  G.  Lemmon,  who  toiled  so 
devotedly  to  have  the  products  and  capabilities  of  the 
Pacific  coast  worthily  represented  at  New  Orleans 
during  the  winter  of  1884S5,  have,  we  learn  from 
an  American  paper,  lately  received  from  the 
management  of  the  World's  Exposition,  held 
then  and  there,  six  certificates  of  awards  in  the 
First  Degree  of  Merit,  accompanied  by  prizes  in 
money,  as  follows  : — I.  Largest  and  best  exhibit-flora 
of  North  America.  2.  Largest  and  best  exhibit-flora 
of  the  Pacific  Slope.  3.  Largest  and  best  exhibit 
forage  grasses,  sedge,  and  other  plants.  4.  Largest 
and  best  exhibit  new  and  rare  Ferns  and  flowering 
plants.  5.  Largest  and  best  exhibit-paintings  of  rare 
and  beautiful  plants,  made  in  the  field  with  water 
colours  (awarded  to  Mrs.  Lemmon).  6.  Largest  and 
best  exhibit  indigenous  (Arizona)  Potatos,  represented 
by  botanical  specimens,  live  tubers,  and  water  colour 
paintings. 

"  The  Press  and  Horticulture." — Mr. 

Herbert  Myrick,  of  Massachusetts,  made  the  fol- 
lowing remarks  at  the  seventh  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Horticultural  Society,  but  much  of  what  he 
said  applies  equally  to  this  country.  We  do  not  think 
the  Press  is  to  blame.  They  cannot  be  pressmen  and 
dealers  at  the  same  time  : — "  The  Press  has  done 
much  to  encourage  the  fruit-growing  for  the  home, 
but  it  has  done  little  toward  telling  how  to  sell  fruit. 
The  space  between  the  producer  and  the  consumer  is 
too  wide.  The  fruit-grower  wants  the  Press  to  aid 
him  in  co-operative  selling.  The  Press  may  also  be 
used  to  discover  new  markets  in  this  and  other 
countries.  Reports  of  fruit  crops  have  been  generally 
neglected,  but  these  reports  should  be  looked  after. 
The  reports  should  cover  the  whole  country.  If  the 
Press  had  done  its  whole  duty  toward  horticulture. 
Congress  ere  this  would  have  passed  the  Hatch 
Experimental  Station  Bill,  which  appropriated 
15,000  dollars  to  every  State  Agricultural  College  for 
the  founding  of  the  stations.  The  Press  and  farmers 
have  been  very  silent  regarding  the  passage  of  this 
Bill,  Many  papers  refuse  to  notice  new  fruits  and 
patented  inventions  for  fear  of  advertising  some  one, 
Ths  subscriber  wants  his  journal  to  describe  new  fruits 
before  the  news  is  stale.  The  dealers'  and  nursery- 
men's papers  are  good,  although  they  are  generally 
advertisements  for  the  proprietors.  The  horticul- 
turists should  write  for  the  Press.  These  writers  are 
few.  Men  who  have  never  written  for  the  Press 
sometimes  send  the  best  of  news  founded  upon  ex- 
perience. Local  horticulturists  should  keep  local 
papers  informed  of  their  proceedings," 

— -  Bent  Twigs. — Professor  Sorauer  has  been 
investigating  the  method  of  bending  twigs  of  fruit  trees 
for  the  purpose  of  enhancing  their  fertility.  When  a 
branch  is  bent  acutely,  the  bark  on  the  lower  surface 
is  thrown  into  transverse  folds  here  and  there  detached 
from  the  wood.  In  these  little  cavities  new  woody 
tissue  is  formed  filled  with  starch  grains,  and  after- 
wards new  woody  tissue  of  a  normal  character,  but 
always  thicker  there  than  elsewhere,  and  epecially  on 
the  upper  convex  surface.  The  mass  of  woody  tissue 
checks  the  flow  of  water  towards  the  tip  of  the 
branch,  to  the  great  advantage  of  the  bud  immediately 
beneath,  and  which  is  thus  the  more  likely  to  deve- 
lope  as  a  fruit  bud. 

Learn  to  Observe.— Writing  in  the  Ameri- 
can florist  "  T.  K."  says  : — "  Take  notice  of  all  your 
plants  from  day  to  day.  Keep  in  mind  the  treatment 
you  have  subjected  them  to,  and  note  the  slightest 
change  in  their  appearance,  and  the  cause  of  the 
same.  You  will  then  have  made  a  start  in  the  right 
direction,  for  the  fljrist  or  gardener  who  errs,  and 
finds  the  true  cause  of  his  failure,  has  learned  some- 
thing ;  but  he  who  lays  his  failure  to  the  wrong  cause 
has  not.  By  constant  observation  one  may  soon 
learn  to  judge  a  plant  by  its  appearance,  and  after  a 
time  become  sufficiently  expert  to  be  able  to  tell  at 
a  glance,  or  simply  by  feeling  of  the  foliage,  or 
both,  to  what  treatment  a  plant  has  been  subjected, 
whether  kept  too  warm,  too  cool,  too  wet,  or  too  dry, 
or  just  right,  and  be  guided  accordingly.  Observe 
the  appearance  of  plants  in  perfect  health  in  some 
successful  grower's  collection,  and  keep  in  mind  the 
appearance  of  the  same ;   strive  to  get  yours  in  the 


same  condition,  and  never  be  satisfied  until  you  do. 
Persevere,  do  not  get  discouraged,  and  you  will  be 
successful  in  the  end.  It  is  better  to  learn  by  obser- 
vation than  to  follow  instructions  laid  down  by  those 
who  are  working  under  vastly  different  conditions 
generally,  as  you  can  then  work  in  accordance  with 
your  surroundings." 

Catasetum   Bungerothii.— a  short  time 

since  Mr.  Brown  described  in  the  Lindtnia  a  new 
Catasetum  under  this  name,  and  a  coloured  repre- 
sentation was  given  at  the  same  time  (t.  57)*  Of 
necessity,  both  description  and  plate  left  much  to  be 
desired.  The  latter  was  especially  unsatisfactory,  and 
the  Editors  of  the  Lindenia  will  now,  doubtless, 
speedily  publish  another  plate,  and  so  render  justice 
to  an  ill-used  plant.  A  living  specimen  was  shown 
by  the  Compagnie  Continentale  of  Ghent,  at 
Stevens'  Sale-room  on  Thursday  last,  and 
which  at  any  rate  bore  out  the  assertion  that  this  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  Orchids  of  recent  intro- 
duction. The  plant  in  question  had  five  spindle- 
shaped  pseudobulbs,  from  the  base  of  one  of  which 
issued  a  raceme  with  seven  saucer-shaped  flowers  of 
ivory-white  colour,  each  about  4  inches  in  diameter 
in  each  direction,  with  oblong-acute  sepals  and  petals, 
the  petals  broader  and  longer  than  the  sepals,  and 
ascending  vertically  almost  parallel  to  the  median 
sepal.  The  concave  lip  is  broadly  ovate-acute  or 
shovel-shaped,  pure  white,  with  an  orange  blotch 
surrounding  the  entrance  to  the  short  stout  conical 
spur.  The  column  is  stout,  white,  with  the  anther 
prolonged  upwards  into  a  long  thread-like  tail,  and 
with  two  thread-like  processes  or  antennae  on  either 
side  at  the  base,  after  the  fashion  of  male-flowered 
Catasetums  in  general.  The  irritability  of  these 
antenna  is  well  known — touch  them  and  away  fly  the 
poUinia,  to  be  attached  to  some  intruding  insect, 
which  forthwith  flies  off  to  some  other  flower  of  the 
opposite  sex  and  effects  the  fertilisation  of  the  ovules. 
The  present  flower  is,  as  it  were,  two-lipped  in 
appearance,  the  lateral  petals  with  the  median  sepal 
constituting  one  slightly  concave  lip,  the  median  petal 
or  labellum  forming  the  other  lip.  The  large  size 
and  bold  outline  of  the  flowers,  their  firm  substance, 
persistent  duration,  and  attractive  colour,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  botanical  interest  attaching  to  it, 
should  render  this  plant  specially  attractive  to  Orchid 
growers.  It  has  all  the  appearance  as  if  it  would 
respond  to  the  cultivator's  art,  and,  if  so,  we  may  con- 
fidently expect  it  to  become  one  of  the  finest  "speci- 
men Orchids  "  at  future  exhibitions.  We  hope  shortly 
to  be  able  to  give  an  illustration  of  this  superb 
flower, 

Desiccated  Soup. — At  the  recent   Potato 

Tercentenary  Exhibition  we  met  with  some  samples 
of  Edwards'  desiccated  soup,  to  be  obtained  of 
the  agents,  Messrs.  King  &  Co.,  Bishopsgate 
Avenue.  It  is  composed  of  beef  and  Potatos  de- 
siccated, ground,  and  flavoured  with  Celery  seed  in 
some  cases.  It  appears  to  be  both  a  useful  and 
palatable  preparation  where  soup  is  required  at  short 
notice,  while  it  makes  excellent  gravy  for  poultry, 
&c.,  at  small  cost — \d.  per  small  packet. 

Farthing  Dinners. — Mr.  George  Her- 
bert Sargant,  Colmore  Road,  Birmingham,  has 
published  a  valuable  little  pamphlet,  containing  full 
directions  for  supplying  to  the  poor  nutritious  dinners 
of  soup  and  vegetables,  tic,  at  the  cost  of  one  farthing 
per  head.  The  price  of  the  materials  and  the  quanti- 
ties to  be  used  are  given,  together  with  such 
clear  directions  for  cooking,  that  to  blunder  in 
the  preparation  of  them  would  seem  to  be  a 
total  impossibility.  The  number  of  ladles,  spoons, 
basins,  cans,  buckets,  tables,  tressels,  towels,  cloths, 
mops,  &c.,  needed,  is  detailed  and  the  prices 
given  ;  while  even  the  "  pigswash  tub  "  to  hold  the 
refuse  is  not  forgotten.  We  heaitily  commend  this 
little  book  to  all  those  who  are  trying  to  establish  a 
soup  kitchen  during  the  coming  winter,  and  can 
assure  them  they  will  find  the  pamphlet  full  of 
valuable  hints,  calculated  to  ensure  the  success  of 
their  undertaking,  and  to  save  themselves  a  great 
deal  of  trouble  and  unnecessary  outlay. 

Horticultural  Club. — The  usual  monthly 

dinner  of  the  Club  was  held  on  Tuesday  last  at  the 
rooms,  I,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent  Garden.  Among 
those  present  were  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T.  Bos- 
cawen,  Messrs.  B.  F.  Raines,  W.  H.  Pearson,  A.  H. 
Pearson,  Jeffeiies,  G.  Bunyard,  Rev.  W.  Wilks,  &c. 


7^ 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[December  iS,  1886. 


The  subject  for  discussion  was  opened  by  Mr.  T.  F. 
Rivers  on  "  Pears  and  their  Culture,"  and  a  very 
interesting  discussion  followed,  in  which  many  im- 
portant facts  were  elicited, 

Snows  FOR  J887.— Wednesday,  Augu-t  17, 

has  been  fixed  for  the  summer  show  of  the  D-voa 
and  Exeter  Horticultural  Society,  and  Friday, 
November  4,  for  their  autumn  show  at  Exeter, 

Essex    Field   Club.— The   Council  of  the 

Essex  Field  Club  has  determined  in  future  to  issue  the 
"Transactions"  and  "Proceedings"  of  the  Club 
combined  in  the  form  of  a  monthly  periodical 
entitled  "The  Essex  Naturalist,  being  the  Journal  of 
the  Essex  Field  Club."  The  Journal  will  coniain 
papers  read  before  the  Club,  reports  of  past  and 
announcements  of  future  meetings,  and,  as  space 
allows,  notes  and  communications  upon  any  matters 
of  interest  connected  with  the  natural  history,  botany, 
geology,  and  prehistoric  archeology  of  Essex.  We 
believe  that  this  is  a  new  departure  in  the  policy  of 
local  societies,  at  least  in  the  South  of  England,  but 
the  plan  has  been  adopted  by  the  Essex  Club  from  a 
rapidly  growing  conviction  that  if  local  societies  are 
to  flourish  and  do  useful  work,  it  is  necessary  to 
devise  some  means  of  "keeping  touch"  with 
their  members,  and  encouraging  intercommunication 
among  them.  The  first  number  of  the  "Essex 
Naturalist"  will  appear  in  January  next,  and  will  be 
conducted  by  Mr.  W.  Cole,  who  has  edited  the  publi- 
cations of  the  Club  since  its  establishment,  seven 
years  ago. 

OXERA  pttLCHELLA.— The  members  of  this 

genus  form  a  small  group  of  woody  climbing  plants, 
with  much  the  same  habit  as  that  of  Clerodendron 
Thomsonae,  and  they  are  indeed  members  of  the  Ver- 
bena family,  and  closely  allied  to  Clerodendron  itself. 
They  are  natives  of  New  Caledonia,  but  very  little 
known  in  this  country.  Rarely  do  we  find  any  record 
of  any  of  them  in  books  coming  within  reach  of  the 
gardener,  and  even  then  the  species  under  notice  is  the 
only  one  mentioned.  As  might  be  concluded,  a  plant 
so  little  known  in  current  literature  would  be  less 
known  in  a  cultivated  state.  A  plant  of  some  con- 
siderable size  flowered  recently,  and  may  still  be  in 
that  condition  at  Pendell  Court,  where  it  elbows  its 
way  amongst  numerous  other  rare  or  little  known 
subjects  that  seldom  obtain  a  footing  at  other  private 
establishments.  The  white  flowers  are  produced  in 
axillary  cymes  towards  the  top  of  long  slender  climb- 
ing stems.  The  leaves  are  opposite  and  smaller  than 
those  of  the  Clerodendron  above  mentioned.  It  is 
planted  out  in  a  border  against  the  back  wall  of  a 
stove,  a  kind  of  treatment  doubtless  more  congenial 
to  it  than  if  confined  for  root-room  to  the  narrow 
compass  of  a  pot,  in  which,  however,  it  is  possible  to 
flower  it.  Rich  light  loam  mixed  with  a  small  quan- 
tity of  peat,  well  rotted  dung,  and  sharp  sand  to  keep 
the  whole  open  will  suffice  to  grow  the  plant  whether 
in  pots  or  planted  out. 

THnNBKRGiA  MYS0REN5IS.— In  general  ap- 
pearance this  species  is  very  unlike  the  Thunbergias 
proper,  and  which  are  generally  recognised  in  gardens 
as  such.  Of  course  the  old  genera  Ilexacentris  and 
Meyenia  have  been  sunk  in  that  of  Thunbergia  by 
the  Genera  Planlanim,  owing  to  the  trifling  differ- 
ences, botanically  speaking,  that  serve  to  separate 
the  three.  There  are  five  species  belonging  to  the 
section  of  which  this  is  a  member,  and  all  are  natives 
of  Asia,  principally  of  India.  The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  long,  pendent  racemes  terminating  the  stems 
or  on  short  axillary  branches.  The  corolla  is  bilabiate 
and  yellow,  with  five  obtuse,  reflexed,  crimson  lobes, 
quite  unlike  the  wide,  open-mouthed,  true  Thun- 
bergias, such  as  T.  Harrisii,  T.  grandiflora,  or  T. 
laurifolia.  The  drooping,  many-flowered  racemes 
are  very  conspicuous  and  telling  when  in  full  flower, 
owing  to  the  peculiar  colouring  of  the  lobes  of  the 
corolla,  which  may  be  variously  described  as  crimson, 
or  a  mixture  of  orange  and  scarlet,  according  to  its 
intensity  and  the  way  in  which  it  blends  into  the 
yellow  tube  of  the  flower.  Ii^shape  the  latter  recalls 
the  flowers  of  Mimulus  cardinalis  in  no  slight  degree. 
In  habit  this  species  associates  with  Thunbergia 
proper,  and  requires  the  same  moist,  warm,  tempera- 
ture and  cultural  treatment.  Giving  to  the  great 
length  of  the  climbing  sleiAs  the  plant  does  best  when 
grown  planted  out  in  a  border.  It  may  be  seen 
trained  up  near  the  glass  in  the  Palm-house  at  Kew, 


and  there  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in  Paxton's  F/oicer 
Garden^  iii.,  88. 

MisTLETO    FOR   CHRISTMAS,  —  During  the 

past  few  days  large  quantities  of  Mislleto  have 
arrived  in  the  port  of  London  from  Bjulogne,  Havre, 
Bordeaux,  and  other  French  ports.  The  Mistleto 
comes  to  London  chiefly  fiom  Jirittany  and  Nor- 
mandy, in  which  provinces  the  parasitic  plant  grows 
on  trees  in  abundance  j  but  this  year  there  his  been 
a  new  departure,  as  far  as  British  Mistleto  is  con- 
cerned, several  tons  of  the  plant,  gathered  mainly 
on  the  Welsh  border  of  Monmouthshire,  having,  it  is 
said,  been  shipped  from  London  to  New  York,  as 
it  is  slated  that  amongst  large  numbers  of  genuine 
English  settlers  in  the  United  States  so  general  a 
desire  has  been  expressed  to  have  sprigs  of  British 
Mistleto  at  Christmas  that  it  has  been  made  worth 
the  while  of  speculators  to  have  it  brought  out  from 
England.  Covent  Garden  Market  is  at  present  well 
stocked  with  Mislleto. 

A  Potato  Society. —There  is  a  marked 

tendency,    now-a-days,    toward    specialisation    in  all 
things  ;  but  while  admitting  the  fact  we  do  not  see 
why  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  may  not  recog- 
nise this  and  act  accordingly.     If  it  will  not  do  so, 
then  the  specialists  will  have  twofold  right  on  their 
side.     Meanwhile  we  point  out  the  genuine  grievance 
there  is  of  individuals  being  virtually  compelled  by 
this  multiplication  of  small  bodies  to  expend   many 
guineas  where  comparatively  few  would  suffice.     So 
far  as  Potatos  are  concerned,  we  cannot  see  how  or 
why  any  all-round  gardener  may  not,  for  all  prac- 
tical purposes,  master  all  the  details  relating  to  their 
cultivation.     The  Potato  surely  stands  in  no  need  of 
such  assistance  as  a  special  society  couli  render.     The 
following  communication,    advocating    a    somewhat 
different  view,  has  been  handed  to  us  for  publication  :  — 
"As  I  have  something  to  do  with   the  proposal  to 
form  a  Potato  Society,  I  should  like   to  say  that  in 
doing  so  I  have  no  wish  whatever  to  offer  any  form  of 
opposition   to   the  Royal    Horticultural    Society.      I 
regret  exceedingly  the  lack  of  capacity  and   compre- 
hensivenesss  shown   by   that   Society,    which   seems 
literally  to  drive  friends  from  it  rather  than  to  attract 
them,   when,    in    regard    to  its    designation   and    the 
relative  importance  of  its  associations  in   the   horti- 
cultural  world,   it  should  occupy  a  bold,   dignified, 
and  independent    position.      It   is   all    very    well  to 
say  that   the  Royal   Horticultural  Society  should  be 
the    instrument    for     performing    all    the    work    we 
look    for    at    the    hands    of    special    societies ;    but 
perhaps  it  would  be  as  fair  to  assert  that  a  compre- 
hensive society   like  the  Royal   Society  should    per- 
form  all    the   sectional   work    so   ably   done    by  the 
Linnean,   Geological,  Geographical,  and  other  scien- 
tific bodies.     It  now  seems  more  and  more  evident 
that  if  such  is  to  be  done  well  it  should  be  performed 
by  special  bodies.    Turning  to  agriculture,  we  see  even 
with  the  existence  of  such  an  eminent  and  capable 
body  as  the  I\oyal  Agricultural  Society,  and  one  so 
widely  supported,  that  there  still  is  found  ample  room 
for  Cart  Horse,  Fat  Cattle,  Dairy,  Ensilage,  and  other 
special  bodies,  all  doubtless  doing  good  work,  and  not 
improbably  doing  it  better  than  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  could  do,  because  devoting  special  and  not 
general  attention  to  it.  Then  special  societies  are  found 
to  attract  to  them  those  who  have  special  affinities  with 
the  subject  to  be  supported.     In  horticulture  we  have 
as  many,  perhaps  even  more,  phases  of  thought  and 
practice  than  in  agriculture,  and  as  no  man  can  be  a 
specialist  in  everything   it  is  certain  that  he  will  be 
attracted  to    those   particular    subjects,    with    which 
he  has  the  greatest   sympathy.     I   presume   no  one 
now  imagines  that  the  Royal   Horticultural  Society 
could  perform  the  work  of  the'National  Rose  or  Chry- 
santhemum  Societies    with    anything   like    the   zeal 
and  interest  shown  in  them  by  their  respective  sup- 
porters.   There  are  in  the  composition  of  their  govern- 
ing bodies  no  opposing  interests,  but  in  a  large  homo- 
geneous body,  such  as  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
should    be,    indifference    on    the    one   hand    might 
seriously  help  to  cripple  the  earnestness  of  specialists 
in   another   direction,  and    thus   on   every   hand    no 
special  work  would  be  effectually  done.     I  think  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  should  strive  to  make  itself 
as  use'ul  as  possible  in  its  particular  line,  and,  while 
not  viewing  special  societies  with  any  jealousy,  ra'her 
strive  to  attach  them  to  itself  by  acts  of  sympathy  and 
appreciation  rather  than  to  repel  them   by  coldness. 
If  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  had,  as  you  suggest, 


a  really  central  and  available  home  in  London,  how 
gladly,  I  am  sure,  would  special  societies  avail  them- 
selves of  it  lor  that  special  purpose,  and  thus  serve  to 
render  the  senior  body  help.  As  it  is  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  is  in  London  homeless,  and  it 
has  no  shelter  for  itself,  let  alone  for  other  junior  but 
still  sympathising  bodies. 

Vitality  of  Seed.— Sir  Walter  Elliot 

communicates  to  the  Agri- Horticultural  Society  of 
Madras  a  case  in  which  seeds  of  Ipomcei  Q.iamoclit, 
gathered  in  India  in  1S59,  were  sown  in  Kngland  in 
18S1,  when  they  germinated  after  a  rest  of  more  than 
twenty  years. 

Pdblications    Received.  —  Notes   Hoiti- 

coles  sur  V  AUemapic  du  sud  et  VAutriche- 
Hongrie.  Par  Ernest  Bergman.  (Paris  :  So- 
ci(5;e  Nationale  d'Hor.iculture  de  France,  84,  Rue 
de  Grenelle.)— Z«  Fropriclcsire  Planleur.  Par  D. 
Cannon.  (Orleans:  H.  Herluison,  Libraire- 
Editeur,  17,  Rue  Jeanne-d'Arc.)— ^;Y/4ro«n'«5<r!VH.-« 
Physiques  et  Nattirelles  ;  Remarqties  sur  la  Relation 
qui  existe  entre  Ics  Sommes  de  Temperature  et  la  Pio- 
duclioii  Agricole.  Par  Professor  J.  H.  Gilbert. 
(Geneve  :  Bureau  des  Archives,  iS,  Rue  de  la  Pelis- 
sene.)— Ferns,  their  History  and  Cultivation.  By 
J.  H.  Hart.  (Kingston,  Jamaica  :  De  Cordova  & 
Co.,  Harbour  Sinei.)— Farthing  Dinners.  By  G. 
H.  Sarcant.  (Birmingham  :  J.  L.  Allday, 
39,  Colmore  Rov.)  —Phytoiiolo^ieal  Observations  on 
the  Forms  oj  Seedlings,  and  the  Causes  to  which  they 
ore  Due.  By  Sir  JOHs  Lubbock,  Bart.  (London: 
Linnean  Society,  Burlington  House,  Piccadilly,  W.) 
— A  Dictionary  oj  Plant  A'ames,  Part  HI.  By 
James  Britten,  F.L.S.,  and  Robert  Holland. 
(London  :  TrI'CNER  &  Co.,  Ludgate  'i.\\\\.)—The 
Tea  Planters'  Manual.  By  T.  C.  Owen.  (Co- 
lombo :  A.  M.  &  J.  FoKGiJSON.)- r/(«  Moloch  of 
Paraffin.  By  Charles  Marvin.  (London  :  R. 
Andersons  Co  ,  14,  Cockspur  Street.)— fF/nVa/twV 
Almanac  for  1S87.  (London:  12,  Warwick  Lane, 
Paternoster  Row.) 

Gardening    Appointments.  —  Mr.    C. 

Solman,  late  Foreman  a;t  Cassiobury  Park,  Watford, 
Herts,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to  J.  J.Sudbury, 
Esq.,  Wonersh  Park,  Guildford,  Surrey.— H.  Pew- 
tress,  late  of  The  Gardens,  Waddesden  Manor, 
Aylesbury,  as  Gardener  to  Alfred  Tate,  Esq., 
Roseleigh,   Woollon,  near  Liverpool. 


The   'pRCHiD   J4ou3EiS. 


GENERAL  REMARKS. 
Although  not  the  growing  season  of  Orchids, 
the  next  three  months  will  be  an  anxious  time  for 
those  in  charge  of  collections.  It  will  be  necessary 
for  those  attending  the  fires  to  be  on  the  alert, 
so  as  to  keep  up  a  uniform  temperature  in  the 
various  houses.  Thanks  to  the  improved  forms  of 
boiler?,  and  the  more  skilful  laying  of  hot-water 
pipes,  these  long  winter  days  are  reduced  to  a  certain 
extent  ;  and  while  we  continue  to  keep  the  boilers 
well  beneath  the  houses  which  have  to  be  warmed, 
we  can  always  depend  on  their  doimj  efficient  service 
for  some  hours  without  attention.  We  hear  of  boilers 
that  will  take  care  of  themselves  for  twelve  hours  at  a 
time.  This  might  do  for  dwelling-houses  or  rooms 
with  thick  walls  and  a  ceiling  ;  in  such  places  the 
outside  changes  do  not  affect  the  temperature  so 
suddenly  as  is  the  case  in  a  glass-house.  In  the 
latter  the  stoker  has  to  guard  as  much  against  a 
sudden  rise  in  the  outside  temperature  as  against  fall  ; 
otherwise  plants  that  should  be  kept  at  rest  get  started 
into  premature  growth.  None  but  a  novice  in  Orchid 
growing  would  be  pleased  to  see  his  plants  that  might 
not  be  doing  well  continue  making  rapid  growth. 
There  can  be  no  rule  laid  down  in  regard  to  heating 
and  watering  for  each  day  at  this  season  ;  but  it  will 
be  found  that  during  and  after  strong  winds  the 
houses  and  plants  will  dry  up  quickly,  and  will  require 
as  much  moisture  in  one  day  as  in  two  or  three 
dull,  mild  days.  Orchids  that  have  leaves  to  support 
during  winter  other  than  those  with  pseudobulbs,  will 
often  suffer  more  quickly  when  much  fire  heat  is  used, 
if  dry  at  the  roots,  than  they  would  if  stinted  of  water 
during  summer  days.  I  think  some  growers  of 
Orchids  are  likely  to  err  in  winter  by  keeping  the 
atmosphere  too  dry,  and  the  roots  of  the  plants  loo 
wet  ;  in  such  cases  of  doubt  the  hygrometer  is  the 
best  guide  as  to  the  state  of  the  atmosphere  in  the 


December  i8,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


7^7 


houses;  it  is  not  necessary  to  have  one  for  each 
house,  but  one  should  be  placed  in  any  house  for  a 
few  days,  when  there  is  any  doubt  ftlt  about  the 
aerial  conditions.  Slugs  are  apt  to  be  busy  with  the 
Masdevallias  and  cool  Odontoglossums,  therefore  look 
closely  for  the  depredators  each  day  at  daybreak. 
They  may  be  sought  for  in  the  evening  with  a  bull's- 
eye  lantern. 

It  will  improve  the  colour  of  ihe  flowers  of  Calan- 
the  Veitchii,  now  opening,  if  the  plants  be  placed  in 
the  lightest  part  of  the  Eist  Indian-house,  and  any  of 
the  deciduous  type  can  be  removed  into  a  Cattleya- 
house  when  nearly  all  the  flowers  are  expanded  j  this 
tends  to  strengthen  them,  so  that  they  last  longer 
when  cut.  Very  little  water  is  necessary  after  the 
leaves  have  fallen,  and  the  plants  are  in  full  bloom. 
C.  Woolfoni,  Dc'cnsiJe. 


]^^UIT3     "yNDEFJ     'QlA33. 


PE.\CH  .\XD  NECT.\RINE  TREES. 
The  trees  in  late  houses  should  be  pruned  forthwith, 
the  glass,  woodwork,  and  other  parts  made  clean 
and  sweet.  As  much  of  the  old  wood  as  can  be 
spared  must  be  cut  out,  as  well  as  extra  strong  shoots 
made  in  the  past  season,  and  some  of  those  left  should 
be  shortened  back  to  a  wood. bud  where  necessary 
to  secure  a  sufficiency  of  shoots.  This  done,  the 
trees  if  affected  with  blight  should  be  carefully  washed 
with  soft  soap  (401.),  dissolved  in  a  gallon  of  warm 
water,  adding  two  handfuls  of  sulphur  well  mixed  ; 
and  should  scale  exist  on  the  trees,  a  wineglassful  of 
petroleum  should  be  added  to  the  solution.  Train 
the  shoots  5  inches  from  each  other  at  an  equal  angle 
on  either  side  of  the  tree,  leaving  sufficient  room  in  the 
ties  for  the  wood  to  expand.  The  surface  of  the  border 
should  then  be  pricked  over  with  a  fork  ;  the  loose 
soil  removed  and  replaced  with  a  mixture  consisting 
of  three  parts  good  loam  and  one  of  old  mortar  rubble 
and  wooda^hes,  following  this  with  a  mulching  of 
horse-droppings  or  short  dung  to  the  thickness  of 
2  inches,  and  a  good  watering. 

Fig  Trees, 
The  trees  in  late  houses  shouli  be  attended  to,  and 
treated  as  recommended  in  the  Gai-deners'  Chronicle 
for  November  13,  p.  632. 

The  Grape-rooh. 

A  dry  equable  temperature  of  about  50®  should  be 

maintained  here.     Look   the  bunches  over  three  or 

lour  times  a  week,  and  remove  any  bad  berries  that 

may  be  in  them.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Castle. 


cutting  if  grown  near  the  light.  The  beautiful  free- 
flowering  yellow  Linum  trigynum,  although  properly 
a  greenhouse  plant,  does  better  in  a  temperate-house 
in  the  winter.  Centropogr.n  Lucyanus  will  be  found 
a  very  beautiful  plant  lor  various  purposes  during  the 
winter  months,  and  it  produces  its  blooms  very  abun- 
dantly from  the  point  of  every  jhoot,  and  from  the 
axils  of  almost  every  leaf.  It  is  a  charming  plant  for 
hanging  baskets.  Thyrsacanthus  rutilans  should  be 
put  on  shelves  where  their  long  drooping  spikes 
will  not  get  damaged.  Great  care  must  be  exercised  for 
some  time  in  watering  plants,  not  to  allow  any  to  suffer 
to  the  extent  of  shrivelling,  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
not  to  give  them  enough  to  cause  growth  to  ensue. 
Too  much  moisture  in  the  air  must  be  also  avoided. 
Tubers  of  Caladiums  which  were  induced  to  rest 
early  in  the  autumn  should  be  examined  ;  and  on  no 
account  placed  near  hot-water  pipes,  where  they 
get  dried  up  ;  there  are  far  more  bulbs  killed  annually 
by  dry  rot  than  by  wet,  and  they  are  better  left  in  their 
pots  till  the  time  comes  for  starting  a  few  of  them. 

A  good  stock  of  peat  should  be  got  together ;  after 
picking  it  over  and  throwing  out  any  sour  coarse 
stuff  or  any  pieces  harbouring  fungus,  break  it  up, 
placing  it  in  a  dry  airy  shed,  turning  it  over  once 
or  twice,  so  that  by  the  time  of  the  general  potting  it 
will  be  in  good  condition.  Get  a  sufficient  number  of 
stakes  painted,  if  this  is  done  now  the  work  in  the 
busy  season  will  be  got  over  without  hindrance.  Sow 
again  some  Panicura  sulcatum,  also  put  in  cuttings  of 
Panicum  variegatum,  Coleus,  and  Abutilon  ;  these 
will  make  nice  plants  for  furnishing  uses  early  in  the 
spring.  See  that  all  plants  are  free  from  every  trace  of 
scale  or  bug.  A.  Evans,  Lythc  Hill. 


pt-AJ^Tg  AND  THEIR  ;PuLTUF(E. 


C  H  R  Y  S  A  N  T  H  E  iM  U  M  S. 

These  will  now  be  past  their  best,  and  where  late 
plants  are  in  bloom  keep  the  conditions  as  favourable 
as  possible  for  the  preservation  of  the  flowers  ;  damp 
is  the  chief  enemy,  and  must  be  combated  by 
applying  a  little  warmth  day  and  night. 

All  plants  as  they  _qo  out  of  bloom  should  be  cut 
down,  placing  them  where  they  can  develops  s^od 
growth.  If  plants  are  required  for  producing  large 
blooms  next  season,  cuttings  must  now  be  put  in.  I 
prefer  putting  one  cutting  in  the  centre  of  a  small  pot, 
the  pots  being  then  plunged  in  cocoa^ fibre  in  a  cold 
pit.  If  Urge  specimens  are  required,  some  of  the 
strongest  of  the  single  stemmed  plants  should  be  cut 
down,  shaken  out  of  the  soil,  and  repotted  into  small 
pots,  these  will  produce  a  number  of  fine  shoot?, 
which  should  be  encouraged  to  grow,  and  if  mildew 
should  show  itself  dust  them  directly  with  flowers  of 
sulphur;  these  plants  will  require  very  little  water 
for  some  time  to  come  ;  any  varieties  that  may  be 
wanted  can  be  procured  now. 

The  Stove. 
Plants  here  will  now  be  gay  with  flowers,  such  as 
Eucharis  and  early  Gardenias  ;  Poinsettias  should  now 
be  at  their  best,  these  make  a  fine  show  of  themselves 
when  grown  of  different  sires,  from  4  feet  hi^h  plants 
in  24-size  pots,  down  to  3  inch  miniature  plants  in 
6o's.  Euphorbia  jacquiniflora  is  another  showy 
wioter  bloomer,  good  as  a  decorative  plant,  or  for 


TESTING    SEEDS. 

When  you  want  new  seed  Peas  put  one  from  the 
stock  into  your  mouth  and  bite  it.  If  it  is  very  hard 
it  is  more  than  one  year  old.  If  the  teeth  enter  it 
wi'.h  moderate  ea^e  it  is  new  seed.  New  Carrot  seed 
always  has  a  green  shade  on  it.  Old  seed  loses  this, 
and  is  of  a  dead  pale  brown,  and  less  fragrant.  New 
Parsnip  seed  has  a  shade  of  green,  which  it  loses  if 
more  than  one  year  old.  Oaion  seed  is  more  difficult  to 
prove  than  most  other  seeds,  but  if  you  take  a  single 
seed  at  a  time  and  carefully  bite  it  you  will  find  that 
old  seed  has  a  tough  dry  skin,  with  a  very  white  and 
harsh  kernel,  while  new  seed  has  a  more  tender, 
moist  skin,  and  the  kernel  possesses  a  greater  degree 
of  moisture,  and  is  somewhat  oily.  The  seed  may  be 
cut  with  a  penknife  instead  of  bitten.  Onion  seed 
that  has  no  vitality  at  all  has  no  kernel,  or  one  per- 
fectly dry.  Test  this  by  pressing  the  seed  on  a  piece 
of  white  writing-pap^r.  If  it  leaves  no  moisture  on 
the  paper  it  is  of  no  use,  and  has  been  tampered  with, 
or  has  lost  its  vitality  by  age.  New  Cabbage  and 
Broccoli  seed  possesses  a  pale  green  shade  in  the 
kernel  whsn  pressed  out  or  cut,  and  a  tinge  of  green 
in  the  brown  skin  also.  Bat  old  seed  loses  this  in 
proportion  to  its  age,  becoming  of  a  dull,  dark  brown. 
Cabbage,  Broccoli,  Kales,  &c.,  will  retain  their 
vitality  longer  than  any  other  seeds,  and  will  grow 
well  when  three  years  old,  or  even  six  years,  if  well 
kept.  Beet  seed  has  a  faint  tinge  of  pale  green  if 
new,  but  is  a  dull  brown  if  old,  and  its  vitality  is  very 
doubtful  if  old.  New  Celery  seed  has  a  faint  tinge  of 
green,  and  is  very  aromatic,  but  it  loses  the  green 
and  becomes  hss  fragrant  if  more  than  a  year  old, 
and  is  doubtful.  American  Horticulturist, 


JrADE     J^OTICEg. 


THE  LAWSON  SEED  AMD  NURSERY 
COMPANY. 
In  the  First  Division  of  the  Court  of  Session,  Eiin- 
burgh,  on  the  2nd  inst.,  their  Lordships  heard  counsel 
in  connection  with  the  petition  by  the  Lawson  Seed 
and  Nursery  Company,  Edinburgh,  to  have  the 
winding-up  of  the  company  carried  on  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Court.  Tne  petition  was  opposed  by 
Messrs.  Peter  Lawson  &  Son,  who  stated  in  their 
answers  that  the  company  was  perfectly  solvent. 
Respondents  also  presented  a  petition  asking  that  the 
resolutions  to  wind-up,  adopted  by  the  shareholders 
of  the  company,  should,  in  the  above  circumstances, 
be  recalled,  winding-up  being  unnecessary.  Their 
Lordships  granted  the  supervision  order  asked  by  the 


Lawson    Company,    and    found     them    entitled    to 
expenses. 

NbW   VtGETABLES. 

The  nev/  Potato,  Mettled  Beauty,  not  yet  in  the 
market,  and  raised  by  Mr.  Wiles,  Edgcote  Park 
Gardens,  has  passed  into  the  hands  of  H.  Dcverill, 
Royal  Seed,  Store?,  Banbury,  for  distribution,  Mr. 
Deverill  has  also  purchased  the  stock  of  the  new 
Onion,  Ailsa  Craig,  from  Mr.  David  Murray,  Culzean 
Castle  Gardens. 


SOURCES     OF     NITROGEN     AS 

PLANT  FOOD. 
A  CORRESPONDENT  ("P.   T.   I.")  in  asking   the 
following  questions  opens  up  a  wide  and  an  import- 
ant enquiry. 

1.  Nitrate  of  ammonia  being  the  chief  compound 
from  which  the  roots  of  plants  absorb  nitrogen,  is  the 
greater  amount  of  it  formed  in  the  air  (and  carried  to 
the  earth  by  rain)  or  in  the  earth  ? 

2.  In  reference  to  the  nitrate  of  ammonia  formed  in 
the  soil,  how  is  its  nitric  acid  formed,  and  how  is  its 
ammonia  formed  ?  Is  its  ammonia  chiefly  produced 
by  the  decay  of  organic  substances,  or  absorbed  from 
the  air,  or  brought  down  by  rain? 

3.  Do  the  roots  of  plants  absorb  ammonia  uncom- 
bioed  with  any  other  substances,  but  merely  dissolved 
in  water  ? 

4  Do  the  roots  of  plants  absorb  sulphates,  carbon- 
ates, and  phosphates  of  ammonia  in  a  state  of  Nature? 

5.  Is  ammjnia,  uncombined  with  any  other  sub- 
stances, brought  down  to  the  earth  by  rain  ? 

6.  In  reference  to  the  ammonia  present  in  the  soil, 
is  the  chief  amount  of  it  (a)  brought  down  to  the 
earth  by  rain,  (/')  absorbed  from  the  air  by  the  soil, 
or  ((-)  produced  by  the  decay  of  organic  substances  in 
the  soil  ? 

Plants  obtain  the  elements  of  which  they  are  built 
up  partly  from  the  atmosphere  and  partly  from  the 
soil.  The  water  and  most  of  the  organic  matter, 
making  on  an  average  from  90  to  95  per  cent,  of  the 
total  weight  of  the  plant,  cotnss  from  the  atmosphere, 
either  directly  through  the  leaves  or  indirectly  from 
tha  soil  by  rain,  and  then  to  the  plant  through  its 
roots. 

Nitrogen  exists  in  soils  in  three  combinations —with 
carbon,  with  hydrogen,  and  with  oxygen.  When  in 
combination  with  carbon  it  is  very  insoluble  in  water, 
and  it  is  in  this  form  that  we  find  by  far  the  greater 
part  of  the  nitrogen  that  exists  in  soils. 

This  nitrogenous  organic  matter  of  the  soil  has 
been  derived  either  entirely  from  the  decay  of  vege- 
table debris  left  in  the  land  by  preceding  generations 
of  plants,  or  possibly  to  some  extent  from  past  appli- 
cations of  farmyard  or  of  other  organic  manures.  It 
is  also  a  fact  that  besides  the  residues  of  crops  soils 
receive  certain  amount?  of  nitrogen  from  the  atmo- 
sphere in  the  form  of  ammonia  and  nitric  acid,  but 
the  quantity  of  these  substances  contributed  annually 
by  rain  varies  in  difterent  years  and  places.  The 
average  of  many  experiments  on  the  Continent  gives 
10  23  lb.  of  nitrogen  per  acre.  The  average  of  some 
English  experiments  is  but  7.29  lb. 

Riin  also  furnishes  small  quantities  of  alkaline 
chlorides,  especially  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  sea, 
and  about  iS  lb.  per  acre  per  annum  of  sulphuric  acid. 

Although  the  amount  of  ammonia  directly  absorbed 
by  the  soil  from  the  atmosphere  may  in  some  soils  be 
much  larger  than  is  shown  by  the  analysis  of  the  rain, 
yet  the  total  nitrogen  acquired,  though  most  important 
as  tending  to  counterbalance  the  losses  of  plant-food 
which  the  soil  annually  suffers,  will  have  little  effect 
on  the  present  fertility  in  comparison  with  the  large 
accumulation  of  nitrogenous  matter  resulting  from 
previous  crop  residues,  and  decay  of  animal  refuse. 

In  all  kinds  of  soils  there  exist  very  minute  under- 
ground organisms,  called  "bacteria,"  invisible 
to  the  eye,  the  function  of  which  is  to  separate  the 
carbon  and  hydrogen  from  the  nitrogen,  and  to  unite 
it  with  oxygen.  Bat  to  effect  this  lime  must  be  present 
in  th;  soil,  and  the  compound  so  formed  is  called 
nitrate  of  lime. 

Nitrogen  in  combination  with  hydrogen  forms 
ammonia,  and  the  substance  with  which  most  gar- 
deners are  acquainted  as  ammonia-sails  is  obtained 
from  an  extinct  vegetation. 

Nitrogen  in  combination  with  oxygen  forms  nitric 
acid,  these  combine  under  the  influence  of  the  electric 
discharges  in  the  atmosphere,  nitrous  acid  being 
formed  ;    this  is  converted  into   nitric  acid  by  the 


788 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


(t>EC&MBER   i8,    1886. 


action  of  ozone,  or  peroxide  of  bydiogeo,  and  ia 
brought  down  by  rain. 

Ammonia  cannot  exist  as  such  for  any  length  of 
time  in  the  soil,  neither  is  ic  taken  up  by  plants  in 
that  form. 

The  facility  with  which  ammonia  and  other  nitro- 
genous substances  are  converted  into  nitric  acid  by 
the  oxygen  of  the  soil  is  so  great,  that  nitrates  become 
by  far  the  most  important  source  of  plant  food. 

The  uncombined  nitrogen  of  the  atmosphere  is  not 
appropriated  by  plants. 

Plant  roots  take  up  all  the  diffusible  substances 
which  are  present  in  the  water  which  they  draw  from 
the  soil  ;  but  the  feeding  power  of  roots  is  by  no 
means  confined  to  the  taking  up  of  ready  formed 
solutions,  for  they  are  also  capable  of  attacking  some 
of  the  solid  ingredients  of  the  soil  which  they  render 
soluble  and  then  appropriate,  for  the  building  up  of 
their  vegetable  fabric.  The  best  o(  all  manurial 
applications  are  those  which  supply  both  phosphates 
and  ammonia  or  nitrogen. 


WEEKS'    FIREPLACE    BOILER. 

This  week  we  give  two  illustrations  of  Messrs.  J. 
Weeks  &  Co.'s  Fireplace  Boiler,  as  exhibited  at  the 
Provincial  Horticultural  Meeting  at  Liverpool,  where 
we  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  it  in  action.  The 
open  fire  serves  to  warm  the  room  and  to  heat  the 
water  in  what  is  in  reality  a  tubular  boiler  capable  of 
warming  a  small  conservatory,  or  hall  and  staircase  at 
the  same  time,  and  by  means  of  the  same  fire.  It 
will  be  seen  on  reference  to  fig.  154  that  the  Fireplace 
Boiler  presents  the  same  appearance  as  an  ordinary 
register  stove,  but  the  back,  sides,  and  bottom  are 
formed  of  water  bars  and  chambers,  and,  in  fact, 
constitute  the  boiler.  When  the  tire  is  banked  up  for 
the  night  the  stove  is  shut  up  by  means  of  doors,  as 
shown  in  fig.  155.  This  transforms  it  into  a  slow  com- 
bustion furnace,  and  thus  closed  it  will  keep  alight  for 
very  many  hours  without  attention.  The  small  hit- 
and-miss  ventilators  shown  at  the  bottom  of  the  doors 
are  for  regulating  the  supply  of  air  to  the  fire — only  just 
enough  to  support  combustion  being  admitted.  The 
fuel  used  is  anthracite  coal,  and  the  economy  of  the 
arrangement  is  very  great. 

This  boiler  will  be  found  very  valuable  for  warming 
small  conservatories  attached  to  dwelling-houses  or 
for  warming  the  hall  or  staircase  of  a  house,  or  a 
room  which  has  no  fireplace,  or,  in  short,  for  any 
small  apparatus  where  there  is  no  provision  for  a 
stokehole  and  flue,  as  required  by  an  ordinary  hot- 
water  boiler,  and  where  they  could  not  be  constructed 
without  disfiguring  the  house  and  its  surroundings. 
In  such  a  case,  one  of  these  Fireplace  Boilers  might  be 
placed  in  the  existing  fireplace  of  any  adjacent  room 
and  connected  to  coils  of  pipes  in  the  apartments 
required  to  be  warmed,  and  thus  accomplish  the 
desired  end.  Another  advantage  possessed  by  this 
boiler  is,  that  it  can  be  managed  by  a  house  servant  in 
the  same  way  as  an  ordinary  fire  ;  while,  on  the  other 
hand,  experience  has  shown  that  servants  cannot  or 
will  not  take  the  trouble  to  manage  the  usual  forms  of 
hot-water  furnace,  which,  it  must  be  admitted,  is 
anything  but  a  cleanly  operation. 


WOODS      IN      THE      LATE 
COLONIAL   EXHIBITION. 

{.Concluded    ^rotn    p.    716.) 

Queensland  Court.— Few  persons  if  at  all 
interested  in  the  timber  produce  of  the  Colonies  can 
have  failed  to  notice  the  two  gigantic  logs  of  the 
Red  Cedar  or  Toon  tree  (Cedrela  Toona),  exhibited 
by  Mr.  Burgess  from  trees  grown  on  the  Blackall 
range  of  hills.  The  largest  of  these  was  nearly  13  feet 
long  and  20  feet  5  inches  in  girth  ;  the  smaller 
124  feet  long  and  18  feet  8  inches  in  circumference. 
Usually  in  trees  of  such  gigantic  proportions  the  stems 
are  unequal,  furrowed,  and  fluted,  but  not  so  in  the 
specimens  under  consideration,  for  I  was  not  a  little 
surprised,  although  I  must  confess  agreeably  so,  to 
find  after  a  careful  examination  that  they  were 
remarkably  uniform,  and  with  but  little  taper  ;  while 
the  bark  was  soft  to  the  touch,  not  flaked  to  any 
great  exten>,  and  put  me  much  in  mind  of  that  of  a 
twenty  years'  old  Wellingtonia.  A  good  idea  of  the 
quality  and  capabilities  of  the  timber  could  be 
gleaned  from  the  sensible  way  in  which  one  at  least 
of  the  logs  was  prepared,  a  portion  of  that  at  about 
4    feet   from  the    ground    being    neatly  cut  out    in 


triangular  fashion,  the  faces  thus  made  being  planed 
and  polished,  thus  showing  well  how  the  wood 
worked  under  the  tools  of  the  carpenter,  as  also  the 
peculiarities  of  graining  and  susceptibility  of  being 
polished  ;  while  both  above  and  below  the  timber  in 
its  natural  condition  was  plainly  visible.  We,  in  this 
country,  have  had  ample  opportunities  afforded  us  of 
examining  the  Cedar  wood,  as  most  of  the  boxes  in 
which  the  Bengal  and  Assam  Teas  are  sent  over  to 
this  country  are  manufactured  from  it ;  while  logs 
and  boards  are  not  unfrequently  imported  under  the 
name  of  Moulmein  Cedar.  It  is  of  a  red  or  brown- 
ish colour,  beautifully  marked  and  grained,  easy  to 
work,  and  being  very  lasting  or  durable  when  con- 
verted, is  much  in  use  by  the  Queensland  carvers  and 
cabinet-makers.  It  is  not  hardy  in  this  country, 
although  a  nearly  allied  species  we  noticed  in  fine 
form  at  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

Araucaria  Cuninghami,  a  tree  that  his  more  than 
once  been  tested  as  to  suitability  for  planting  in  this 
country,  but  invariably  found  wanting,  produces  a 
pretty  wood,  light  yellow  in  appearance,  and  which  is 
strongly    recommended    for    furniture    making    and 


akin  to  that  of  the  Cypress  Pine.  There  was  exhibited 
of  this  tree  a  cross  section  of  a  pile  that  had  been  ex- 
posed to  the  action  of  the  waves  of  the  Pacific  Ocean 
for  eleven  years,  thus  showing  how  well  it  is  adapted 
for  resisting  the  ravages  of  the  sea  worms  that  are  so 
destructive  to  nearly  all  other  known  woods.  Another 
useful  quality  of  the  Turpentine  tree,  which  we  may 
notice  in  passing,  is  in  its  being  almost  fire-proof,  for 
it  will  only  char  or  consume  slowly  away.  For  rail- 
way sleepers  and  boarding  for  rooms  it  is  much  sought 
after. 

Another  Conifer,  Podocarpus  elata,  or  She  Pine,  is 
likewise,  useful  for  maritime  positions,  as  it  is  fairly 
proof  against  the  teredo  attacks.  For  spars,  masts, 
and  many  other  uses  in  connection  with  navigation, 
the  wood  of  the  She  Pine  is  highly  valuable,  it  being 
long  and  close  grained,  not  at  all  brittle,  and  very 
durable.  From  the  specimens  of  the  wood  exhibited, 
including  a  plank,  veneer,  and  book  block,  we  could 
not  but  compare  it,  so  far  at  least  as  colour  was  con- 
cerned, with  that  of  the  Araucaria  imbricata  produced 
in  this  country,  it  being  of  a  very  pleasing  rich  yellow 
tint. 


Fig,  154. — weeks'  FiRErLACE  boiler. 


boarding,  it  being,  although  very  firm  and  close  in 
texture,  easily  worked,  and  susceptible  of  being 
polished  or  stained  at  will. 

A.  Bidwilli,  the  Bunya  Pine,  for  timber  purposes, 
is  quite  equal,  if  not,  indeed,  superior  to  the  last,  as 
may  be  seen  from  the  plank,  veneer,  and  book-block 
exhibited,  all  of  which  show  off  to  perfection  the 
light  coloured  but  beautifully  marked  appearance  of 
the  wood,  and  adaptability  for  the  uses  of  the  cabinet- 
maker and  joiner.  The  cones,  two  of  which  were 
exhibited,  we  were  delighted  to  see,  and  we  were 
certainly  not  disappointed  for  their  large  size,  and 
2  inches  long  edible  seeds  were  quite  up  to  published 
descriptions. 

Of  the  Cypress  Pine  (Callitris  robusta)  we  took 
particular  notice  of  a  beautiful  plank,  some  14  feet 
long,  and  18  inches  wide,  and  nearly  half  a  foot 
thick,  and  which  revealed  in  a  marked  degree  the 
buff-brown  coloured  wood  with  its  pinky  longitudinal 
streaks.  It  is  very  pretty,  slightly  fragrant,  and 
owing  to  its  resisting  the  attacks  of  the  teredo  or  sea- 
worm  (Teredo  navalis)  better  than  any  other  native 
wood  is  largely  used  for  wharf  piles,  sheathing  of 
boats,  or  any  other  work  in  which  it  is  exposed  to  the 
sea-water.  The  New  South  Wales  Turpentine  tree 
has  similar  qualities  that  recommend  it  for  purposes 


Of  the  Eucalyptus  or  Gum  trees  the  wood  of  about 
forty  species  was  exhibited,  all  of  which  are  of  great 
value  in  the  arts,  as  was  clearly  shown  by  the  number 
of  useful  purposes  to  which  they  are  applied  ;  indeed, 
in  scanning  over  this  fine  collection  one  could 
not  but  feel  astonished  that  the  timber  of  a  single 
genus  is  capable  of  beiug  converted  into  such  a  mul- 
titude of  diverse  uses,  for  whether  we  take  cabinet- 
making,  house-building,  fencing,  ship-building,  rail- 
way sleepers,  piles,  or  a  score  of  other  minor  matters, 
the  wood  of  one  or  the  other  species  of  Eucalyptus 
is  highly  valued  ;  while  the  bark  contains  a  valuable 
tannin  matter,  and  is,  further,  of  great  use  in  the 
manufacture  of  ropes  and  cordage. 

A  large  plank  of  the  Bloodwood  (E.  corymbosa), 
13  feet  long,  22  inches  wide,  and  7  inches  thick,  shows 
off  well  the  deep  rich  reddish  colour  of  the  wood  of 
this  useful  tree,  and  forcibly  impressed  upon  us  how 
well  adapted  so  large  and  durable  a  wood  must  be 
for  the  varied  uses  to  which  it  is  applied  not  only  in 
Queensland  but  throughout  Australia  generally.  For 
piles,  posts,  railway  purposes  generally,  but  particu- 
larly for  use  underground,  the  wood  of  this  Eucalyp- 
tus is  highly  valued,  the  large  deposits  of  gum  which 
occur  here  and  there  in  the  timber  rendering  it  very 
lasting  even   under   the  most  trying  circumstances. 


December  t8,  iS86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


789 


This  gum  contains,  so  we  were  told,   fully  43J  per 
cent,  of  tannin. 

Nearly  approaching  the  latter  wood,  both  in  colour 
and  texture,  is  that  of  the  Blue  Gum  (E.  tereticornis), 
a  common  Queensland  tree,  and  one  that  is  highly 
prized  by  the  colonists,  not  only  for  its  ornamental 
appearance,  but  the  valuable  timber  it  produces.  The 
wood  is  of  a  dull  red  colour,  tough,  durable,  and  close- 
grained,  and  used  extensively  by  the  builder,  cabinet- 
maker, and  railway  companies.  For  veneering  pur- 
poses it  would  seeem,  from  one  of  the  specimens 
exhibited,  to  be  well  adapted,  while  a  book  block, 
into  which  it  has  also  been  formed  for  exhibition 
purposes, 'shows  the  pretty  blue  bark,  and  from  which 
the  name  of  Blue  Gum  has  been  bestowed  upon  the 
tree.  The  timber  of  two  other  species,  E.  side- 
rophloia,  the  Ironbark,  and  E.  microcorys,  the 
Turpentine  or  Peppermint  tree,  pleased  us  much,  for 
the  beautiful  colour  and  close  graining  betoken  uses 
many  and  varied.  For  the  purposes  of  the  wheel- 
wright the  timber  of  the  latter  tree  Is  perhaps  of 
greater  value  than  any  other  native  wood,  it  being 
remarkably  tough,  long-grained,  and  durable. 


situations  at  Penrhyn  Castle,  but  always  with  the 
result  that  it  is  cut  over  during  severe  winter,  even 
when  it  has  attained  to  a  large  size.  Messrs.  Veitch 
inform  me  that  E.  coccifera  has  stood  unprotected  in 
their  Coombe  Wood  Nursery  for  several  years,  and 
during  intense  frost  ;  and  certainly  judging  from  a 
number  of  trees  pointed  out  to  me,  the  tree  in 
question  seems  well  adapted  for  withstanding  our 
somewhat  6ckle  clime.  Experiments  are  being 
instituted  on  several  estates — maritime  and  inland, 
high-lying  and  but  little  above  sea  level — and  should 
these  warrant  the  extensive  planting  of  so  valuable  a 
tree,  it  will  certainly  be  a  great  acquisition  to  the 
British  arboriculturist,  to  be  able  to  produce  a 
timber  of  such  excellent  quality,  and  that  is  so  well 
suited  for  general  purposes  as  that  under  considera- 
tion.  A.  D.  Webster. 


AMERICAN  FRUIT  CULTURE. 

The  following  remarks  are  taken  from  a  recently 
delivered  address  of  President  Earle  to  the  American 
Horticultural  Society,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio  :  — 

"  Perhaps  no  industrial  expansion  of  the  time  shows 


Fig.  155.— weeks'  fireplace  boiler,    (see  p.  788.) 


Dr.  Howitz,  of  Copenhagen,  in  a  lecture  delivered 
at  the  International  Forestry  Exhibition,  spoke  as 
follows  regarding  the  Eucalypti  : — Though  the 
Eucalypti  are  suited  only  for  cultivation  in  hot  or 
warm  climates,  and  though  probably  their  cultivation 
did  not  interest  the  people  of  the  British  Isles,  he 
maintained  these  trees  ought  to  be  of  some  importance 
to  this  country  on  account  of  the  great  value  of  their 
timber,  which,  if  utilised  for  certain  purposes,  would 
drive  the  timber  from  our  own  woods  out  of  the 
market.  The  Jarra  wood  (E.  marginata),  for  in- 
stance, would  supersede  all  others  for  piles  for 
wharves,  and  a  certain  class  of  shipbuilding,  while 
the  Red  Gum  (E,  rostrata)  and  its  congeners  would 
be  placed  foremost  as  railway  sleepers,  wood  pave- 
ments, &c.  Where  hardness,  durability,  and  resist- 
ance to  the  attacks  of  insects  were  required,  these 
trees  were  preferable,  and  it  was  certain  that  they  had 
a  great  future  before  them.  He  believed  likewise  that 
the  large  quantities  of  our  native  trees,  which  had 
hitherto  been  used  for  such  purposes,  would  be  forced 
into  other  branches  of  industry  if  the  use  of  Euca- 
lyptus became  general. 

That  such  a  useful  tree  as  the  Eucalyptus  is  not 
suited  for  growth  in  this  country  is  certainly  to  be 
egretted.      E.   globulus  has   been   tried  in  various 


more  remarkable  results  than  the  business  of  American 
fruit  culture.  A  single  generation  has  witnessed  a 
revolution  in  the  habits  of  living  of  the  American 
people.  The  rare  luxuries  of  thirty  years  ago  have 
become  the  everyday  necessaries  of  American  tables, 
and  the  health-giving  and  re6ning  influences  of 
general  and  abundant  fruit  supplies  are  working  their 
noticeable  effect  upon  the  physique  and  character  of 
the  nation. 

"Thirty  years  ago  the  daily  receipts  of  Straw- 
berries in  the  city  of  Chicago  —  now  the  second 
greatest  fruit  market  in  the  world— could  all  have 
been  carried  in  one  waggon  at  one  load,  and  it  would 
not  have  been  a  large  load  either.  Now  whole  rail- 
way trains  are  engaged  to  carry  the  daily  supply  of 
that  market,  which  often  amounts  to  300  tons,  and 
sometimes  to  twice  that  quantity  !  A  similar  increase 
of  supply  has  taken  place  in  most  of  the  markets  of 
the  country.  The  production  of  the  Wilson  Straw- 
berry was  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in  Strawberry 
culture,  and  I  may  add  of  small  fruit  gardening  ;  for 
all  branches  of  the  business  have  been  stimulated  and 
carried  along  by  the  tide  of  enthusiasm  which  has 
planted  Strawberry  fields  all  over  the  continent,  and 
covered  the  tables  of  the  rich  and  of  the  poor  alike 
with  their  dishes  of  fragrance  and  crimson  beauty. 


Thirty  or  forty  years  ago  it  would  be  safe  to  say  that 
all  the  Strawberries  marketed  in  one  day  in  the 
United  States  could  have  been  gathered  by  a  force  no 
larger  than  I  have  seen  bending  over  the  smiling  rows 
of  a  single  plantation.  Now  there  are  probably  not 
less  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  harvesters  engaged  in 
gathering  this  delightful  fruit  for  market  growers. 
Then  the  season  of  this  fruit  was  limited  to  the  three 
or  four  weeks  of  its  ripening  in  each  locality  ;  now  by 
the  help  of  railways  and  refrigerator  transportation  it 
extends  over  four  or  five  months  ol  the  spring  and 
summer,  and  Strawberries  are  sometimes  transported 
a  distance  equal  to  that  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  seas." 


]40ME     f50F(F{ESP0NDENCE. 


The  Winter  Spinach  Crop. — There  was  a 
notice  of  the  general  failure  of  this  crop  in  a  recent 
issue  of  the  GarJeneys'  Chronicle,  which  was  com- 
monly attributed  to  too  high  manuring  before  sowing. 
As  I  have  to  produce  a  supply  of  this  vegetable  all 
the  year  round  I  would  remark  on  the  culture  of 
Spinach,  giving  a  sketch  of  the  practice  I  have  for 
many  years  carried  out  with  success.  I  always  use 
ground  for  this  purpose  that  has  been  well  manured, 
and  which  has  been  used  for  the  crop  of  second  early 
Peas.  After  this  last  crop  has  been  cleared  off  the 
ground  is  deeply  dug,  raked  down,  and  rolled,  drilled, 
and  sown  the  second  week  in  August,  When  the 
plants  are  up,  and  large  enough  to  handle,  they  are 
thinned  out  with  a  hoe,  so  that  those  that  are  left 
stand  about  6  inches  apart  ;  and  before  sharp  frosts 
set  in  the  land  is  mulched  with  short  manure.  When 
treated  in  this  way  Spinach  stands  the  frost  very  well, 
producing  a  good  supply  of  succulent  leaves  till  the 
spring-sown  crop  is  fit  for  use.  But  this  season  the 
plants  made  such  rapid  and  early  growth,  which  has 
only  been  checked  by  the  recent  severe  frosts,  that 
about  a  third  of  the  crop  has  run  to  seed  ;  but  as  I 
generally  sow  a  large  breadth  we  shall  not  feel  the 
loss  materially.  I  never  experienced  any  loss  of 
crop  before,  and  can  only  attribute  it  to  the  too  rapid 
growth  made  in  the  early  autumn  months.  I  usually 
sow  the  round  Spinach  in  the  second  week  in  Feb- 
ruary, and  fortnightly  afterwards  up  to  the  lime  of 
sowing  the  winter  prickly-seeded  Spinach,  and  so 
ensure  a  continuous  pupp'y  throughout  the  jear. 
Edivard  Ward,  Hewell,  Bromsi^rove.  [If  our  corre- 
spondent would  sow  his  Spinach  at  fortnightly  inter- 
vals up  to  the  middle  of  September,  but  little  loss 
will  be  caused  by  plants  bolting.   Ed] 

^^  Monstreuse  de  Carentan  is  a  fat-leaved  robust 
kind  not  running  to  seed  readily.  The  leaves  are 
very  large  and  of  much  substance ;  owing  to  this 
the  plants  must  stand  at  least  a  foot  apart  in  the 
rows  with  a  2-feet  space  between  the  lines.  It  is 
hardy  enough  for  the  winter  crop.   X. 

Dwarf  Scabious  for  Winter  Work. — A  large 
number  ol  plants  of  the  dwarf  German  Scabious  is 
in  flower  at  Gunnersbury  Park  just  now  ;  and  Mr. 
Roberts,  who  grows  them  most  successfully,  has  been 
cutting  freely  during  the  last  six  weeks.  There  are 
many  colours,  from  white  to  rich  deep  maroon  ;  and 
though  seed  may  be  saved  from  two  or  three  select 
varieties,  the  seedlings  will  show  many  forms.  The 
seed  is  sown  in  the  middle  of  May,  and  the  plants 
are  put  eventually  into  32-sized  pots,  grown  outside 
all  the  summer,  and  then  stood  under  the  glass- 
covered  Peach-wall,  or  in  a  frame,  where  a  little 
heat  can  be  given  to  keep  the  flowers  expanding,  and 
to  keep  down  damp.   R.  D. 

Tobacco  Culture.— The  article  published  in  your 
issue  of  Oct.  30  on  "Tobacco  Culture  in  Jersey" 
contains  so  much  that  accords  with  my  own  expe- 
rience that  I  cannot  refrain  from  supporting  it  by  a 
few  remarks.  I  am  one  of  those  who  twenty  years 
ago  grew  Tobacco,  ripened  and  cured  it  in  an  English 
garden.  The  result  was  a  Tobacco  of  fair  quality  but 
deficient  in  the  aroma  so  necessary  to  produce  a 
first-class  cigar.  From  my  experience  of  the  climate 
of  the  hills  and  plains  of  Jamaica  I  long  ago  assumed 
that  first-class  cigar  Tobacco  can  be  grown  cnly  in  a 
purely  tropical  climate,  and  subsequent  experience 
confirms  this  view.  We  have  here — in  the  hills — a 
climate  giving  a  mean  annual  temperature  of  63°  Fahr., 
while  on  the  plains  the  corresponding  temperature  of 
79"  Fahr.  is  found  to  prevail.  All  the  Cuban  refugees 
in  selecting  their  sites  for  Tobacco  cultivation  choose 
level  alluvial  at  elevations  from  50  to  500  feet  above 
sea,  and  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  produce  the 
article  in  the  hills.  Wishing  to  test  the  matter  I 
have  proved  that  Tobacco  grown  in  the  hills 
at  the  above-named  temperature  is  deficient  in 
aroma  and  not  so  fine  in  quality  and  texture 
of  leaf  as  that  grown  at  lower  elevations. 
Tobacco   of   good   quality  can,   without  doubt,    be 


790 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  i8 


grown  at  lower  temperature?,  but  it  is  doubtful 
whether  it  can  ever  be  profluced  of  such  quality  as  to 
compete  with  a  fine-flavoured  Havana  or  famaica 
cigar.  With  inferior  Tobaccos  in  Jamaica  there  is 
used  for  flavouring  purposes  a  preparation  made  from 
the  seeds  of  Dipterix  odorata  (Tonquin  Bean),  which 
certainly  improves  them  ;  but  with  fine  and  well- 
cured  tropical-grown  leaf  there  is  no  necessity  to  use 
anything  of  the  kind,  as  it  possesses  sufficient  natural 
aroma.  The  processes  adopted  by  the  gentlemen 
who  are  interested  in  growing  Tobacco  in  England 
(.15  described  in  your  columns)  for  curing  the  leaf  are, 
though  right  in  theory,  wanting  in  one  essential  par- 
ticular, and  that  is,  temperature.  If  they  could 
arrange  to  give  a  temperature  of  85^  or  90°  Fahr.  to 
their  curing-houses,  and  regulate  the  degree  of 
humidity  by  the  hygrometer,  so  that  the  wet  and  dry 
I  ulb  differs  but  one  or  two  degrees,  I  believe  they 
Ihey  would  attain  much  greater  success.  7.  H.  Hart, 
I'otanical  Department^  JamaUa. 

Auricula  Shows.  — I  see  announced  the  meeting 
for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  dates  of  the  Southern 
shows.  As  this  seems  to  be  the  usual  time  for  such 
fixtures  being  made  I  would  like,  with  your  consent, 
to  bring  a  suggestion  before  your  Scottish  readers. 
There  are  a  considerable  number  of  Auricula  growers 
rorlh  of  the  Tweed,  and  I  think,  if  the  matter  be 
promptly  taken  up,  a  very  creditable  show  might  be 
got  up.  I  would  suggest  Edinburgh  as  the  best  centre 
for  holding  it,  and  Wednesday  and  Thursday,  May  II 
end  12,  as  the  best  dates.  I  give  these  dates  from 
try  notes  of  several  years  as  being  nearest  to  the 
season  of  full  bloom.  I  will  undertake  to  send  from 
thirty  to  fifty  plants — not  necessarily  for  competition. 
Win,  Straiten,  Arm  fill  J,  Brovghty  Ferry,  Dec.  9. 

Eucharis  amazonica  at  Gunnersbury  House. 
— Some  remarkably  fine  specimens  of  this  plant  are  to 
be  seen  at  Gunnersbury  Park,  which  do  great  credit 
to  Mr.  Roberts'  skill  as  a  cultivator.  There  are  about 
a  dozen  plants  in  No.  2  pots,  and  they  have  not  been 
repotted  for  two  years,  but  are  fed  with  soot-water 
and  liquid  manure.  The  plants  are  from  5  to  6  feet 
through,  measuring  from  the  leaf  points,  and  they 
flower  with  remarkable  freedom,  but  as  flowers  are 
in  large  demand  from  Gunnersbury,  they  are  soon  cut. 
The  specimens  are  grown  in  the  same  temperature  as 
the  East  Indian  Orchids.  Mr.  Roberts  states  that  if 
there  is  any  secret  in  growing  Eucharis  amazonica,  it 
is  to  note  that  as  a  very  young  leaf  puts  in  appear- 
ance, that  may  be  taken  as  an  indication  that  a 
flower-stem  will  follow.  The  plants  are  dried  off  for 
a  time,  and  then  the  flowers  come  up  abundantly.  He 
also  states  that  the  Eucharis  should  not  be  grown  in 
too  high  a  temperature.  R.  D, 

Adiantum  Farleyense.  —  Mr.  Shultleworth's 
letter  appears  to  prove  that  Farleyense  is  sometimes 
fertile.  WhenI  wasat  the  Royal  Exotic  Nursery  twenty 
years  ago  they  had  one  plant  of  lh:-.t  variety  standing 
in  what  was  then  the  Nepenthes-house,  and  I  remem- 
ber the  Fern  grower,  Mr.  Southcome,  told  me  that 
he  had  sown  spores  of  it,  and  instead  of  gelling 
Farleyense  there  came  up  A.  scutum,  of  which  variety 
he  considered  it  a  sport.  So  I  suppose  that  plant 
must  have  produced  spores,  or  at  any  rate  spore 
cases,  yet  for  the  last  fourteen  years  I  have  always 
had  Dne  or  more  plants  under  my  care,  during  which 
lime  I  must  have  cut  hundreds  of  fronds,  some  that 
bad  beccme  shabby  on  the  plants,  and  quantities  of 
others  that  had  become  useful  for  decorative-purposes, 
and  yet  I  have  never  seen  a  single  spore  case.  I  have 
five  plants  at  the  present  time,  four  in  pots  of  different 
sizes,  and  one  in  a  basket.  1  have  examined  them 
all  carefully  to-day,  and  cannot  find  anything  that 
one  could  mistake  for  a  sporecase.  I  may  say  I 
find  Farleyense  a  peculiar  subject.  I  have  always 
managed  to  have  one  good  specimen,  but  very  often  in 
the  same  house,  under  exactly  the  same  treatment 
end  attention,  there  would  be  three  or  four  plants 
that  were  anything  but  good-looking.  They  seem  to 
dwindle  away,  each  new  frond  being  smaller  than  its 
i-redecessor,  until  a  plant  that  bore  fronds  2  feet  long 
last  year  would  be  making  miserable  efi'ort  to  pro- 
duce fronds  not  2  inches  long.  I  have  tried  all  kinds 
r.f  potting  material,  hoping  to  restore  the  invalids  to 
health  and  vigour.  Occasionally  I  have  succeeded, 
but  more  often  the  plant  became  less  and  less,  until 
there  was  nothing  but  the  soil  left  to  throw  on  the 
rubbish  heap.  And  I  am  still  at  a  loss  to  account  for 
their  slow  decay.   G.  Biiit. 

The    appearance    of  what   are   supposed    to 

be  seedlings  of  Adiantum  Farleyense  in  places  where, 
according  to  the  evidence  adduced,  no  plants  wiih 
fertile  fronds  were  known  to  exist,  is  certainly 
somewhat  remarkable.  Now,  had  this  occurred 
with  almost  any  other  Fern,  it  would  not  be  difficult 
to  suggest  some  means  by  which  spores  might  have 
been  transmitted  ;  but  as  A.  Farleyense  rarely,  if 
ever,  produces  spores,  I  am  inclined  to  think  that 
the  plants  found  were  not  seedlings  at  all  :  it  seems 
more  probable  that  they  originated  from  small  por- 
tions of  the  old  plants.    Like  many  other  plants  which 


do  not  produce  seed  (or  spores)  fresly,  A.  Farleyense 
can  be  readily  increased  by  other  means.  It  produces 
numerous  small,  rather  short  rhizomes,  the  points  of 
which,  if  broken  off,  and  placed  in  congenial  quarters, 
will  start  into  growth  ;  and  at  first  sight  may  easily  be 
taken  for  seedlings.  In  dividing,  or  re-polting 
plants,  some  small  portions,  may  get  among  soil  which 
will  afterwards  be  used  for  potting  other  plants,  and 
so  spring  up  as  if  from  other  spoies.  In  removing  the 
oil  fronds  from  plants,  small  pieces  of  the  rhizome 
will,  perhaps,  get  broken  off,  and  if  they  happen  to 
fall  where  there  is  sufficient  moisture  and  they  remain 
undisturbed,  they  may  start  into  life.  I  may  add 
that  I  have  found  plants  growing  under  the  contiilions 
suggested.  I  herewith  send  a  small  plant,  and  por- 
tion of  rhizome  showing  what  tiny  pieces  will  proeiuce 
plants.  A.  Hemslev. 

The  first  time  I  had  any  indication  of  this 

Fern  fruiting  was  from  a  frond  or  part  of  one  given 
me  to  name.  It  was  almost,  if  not  quite  identical 
with  A.  Farleyense,  but  from  the  presence  of 
fructification,  which  I  had  never]  seen  previously 
on  the  latter,  I  considered  it  as  another  form  of 
A.  tenerum,  of  which  A.  Farleyense  itself  is  reckoned 
to  be  a  form  by  some  good  authorities.  On 
recent  examination  ofa  large  plant,  however,  imperfect 
fructification  seems  to  be  by  no  means  uncommon.  The 
tips  or  margins  of  the  lobes  are  reversed  in  the  ordinary 
manner,  although  somewhat  loosely,  in  order  to  cover 
the  spore-cases.  Examination  of  the  latter,  under  the 
mioroscope,  shows  the  annulus  and  other  structures  to 
be  distinctly  and  fairly  well  formed,  and  although  the 
cases  contained  no  spores  it  is  quite  possible  that  one 
out  ofa  hundred  would  contain  good  spores.  I  have 
always  considered  A.  Farleyense  to  be  a  form  in 
which  the  vegetative  tendency  had  gained  the  upper 
hand  or  mastery  more  or  less  completely  over  the 
fructifying  tendency.  In  other  words,  we  see  that 
barren  (ronds  are  always  broader  than  fertile  ones. 
Because  generally  barren  I  fail  to  see  why  it  should 
be  considered  a  hybrid.  A.  Bausei,  generally  con- 
sidered of  hybrid  origin,  bears  spores  abundantly. 
Nor  have  I  ever  heard  it  suggested  that  Polypodium 
vulgare  cambricum  is  hybrid  although  perfectly  barren. 
The  variety  P.  v.  semilacerum  has  the  lower  half  of 
its  frond  broad,  twice  divided  or  cut,  and  barren, 
while  the  upper  half  is  once  divided  and  fertile. 
Scolopendrium  vulgare  crispum  shows  the  same  ex- 
cessive luxuriance  of  vegetative  growth,  causing  the 
frond  to  be  strongly  undulated  and  perfectly  barren. 
Other  cases  are  to  be  found  amongst  Ferns  much 
given  to  sport  or  vary  in  the  above-mentioned  manner, 
J.F. 

Plants  which  Flowered  late  in  November, 
1886,  in  Yorkshire. — The  following  is  an  unusual 
list  of  plants  in  flower  in  north-west  Yorkshire  at 
the  end  of  November,  and  may  be  thought  worth 
noting  : — 


and      *EcCi*emocarpu5 

green  vane:y_  Eryngium  sp. 

Anemone  japonica  Godetia  sp. 

„     Honorine  Jobert  Hedera  sp. 
Aca;na,  with  bright  red  stars         Helichrysum  bracte.il 

Aconitiim  japonicuni  "Heliotrope 

Achilliea  ajgyptica  Hydrangea  paniculat 

Alyssuin  maritimum  J.-isminmn  nudifloruni 

Antirrhinum  majus  vara.  I-Cniphotia  sp. 

Berberis  D.irwinii  *Loasa  laterilia 

Calendula  olTicinalis  Lobelia  cardinalis  ant 

Campanula  gorgonica  Papaver  rambricum 

Chrysanthemum  s  nense  Phlox  Drummondi 

sjackmanili  Pyrethrum  uliginosui 


ivhite 


othel 
Reseda 
Rose  Cheshunt  Hybrid 

,,     Duke  of  Edinburgh 
Eugene  FUrst 


Clethra  al;,ifol!a 
Coreopsis  lanceolata 

Cyclamen  hederajfolium  „     Gloire  de  D 

Dahlias,   damaged,  but  not  SchLzostyhs  coccii 

killed  ;    still  tloweriDg  on  •Tropaolum  majus 

the  25th  Spira;a,  dwarf  pink  var, 

R,  Milne-RuiheaJ,  Hchlen  Clough,  Clitheroe. 

Ela;odendron  orientale,  Jacq.  (Aralia  Cha- 
biieri  of  gardens),— On  submitting  a  branch  of  what 
is  known  generally  as  Aralia  Cbabrieri  to  Professor 
Oliver,  for  idenlilication,  he  at  once  said  it  was  not  ,an 
Araliad  at  all  but  a  member  of  the  Celastrus  order, 
and  on  looking  in  the  herbarium  he  found  specimens 
0°  Eloeodendron  orientale,  which  agreed  exactly  with 
this  so-called  Aralia.  Curiously  enough  I  saw  in  the 
Botanic  Garden  at  Rotterdam  the  other  day  a  plant 
labelled  Elxocarpus  angustifolius,  which  I  noted  as 
"  probably  a  large-leaved  form  of  Aralia  Chabrieri." 
No  doubt  the  name  Elceocaipus  has  been  altered  (rom 
Eloeodcndron  by  mistake,  and  there  is  in  Sleudel  the 
name  Rubenlia  angustifolia  under  Elxodendron 
orientale.  This  plant  is  apparently  as  varied  in  leaf- 
characters  at  different  stages  of  its  development  as  the 
Aralias  are,  the  foliage  of  young  plants  of  the  FJa'o- 
dendron  being  long,  linear,  and  dark  green,  that  of 
older  plants  shorter  and  broader,  whilst  in  mature 
specimens  the  leaves  are  '*  obovate,  coriaceous,  obtuse, 
crenale,  2  to  3  inches  long,  and  cuneate  at  the  base." 
In  Jacquin's  Iconcs  there  is  a  figure  of  the  juvenile 
form  by  the  side  of  one  ol  the  mature  leaves,  and   the 


t  house  wall,  not  dam.iged,  and  in  full  bio 


former  is  exactly  what  we  have  as  Aralia  Chabrieri. 
Although  introduced  as  a  new  phnt  it  appears  that 
this  so-called  Aralia  is  one  of  our  oldest  garden  plants, 
having  been  culiivaied  in  England  in  1771,  and  it  was 
at  Kew  in  iSii  {Hortus  Kc-Memii).  It  forms  a  shrub 
or  tree  of  from  10  to  30  feet  in  height,  and  bears  very 
smill  axillary  green  Bowers,  which  are  succeeded  by 
Olive-like  berries.  It  is  a  native  of  .Mauritius,  also  of 
the  island  of  R  idriguez,  where  it  is  perhaps  the  com- 
monest tree  (Bilfour),  Bourbon  and  Madagascar. 
Another  species,  E,  capense,  is  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Magatir.e,  t.  3835,  and  this  also  is  described  as  having 
leaves  of  variable  character,   W.  Watwn,  Knu. 

Plants  for  Bees. — Supplementary  towhat  has  been 
said  in  the  Gardeners*  ChronicU  at  p.  756,  in  refer- 
ence to  honey-producing  flowers,  my  best  plant  in 
very  early  spring,  when  the  "  workers  "  want  some 
early  natural  food  after  a  severe  winter,  is  the 
Moorish  Heath  (Erica  carnea).  About  Matlock,  ia 
Derbyshire,  it  can  be  procured  in  quantity,  and  it 
thrives  in  any  soil  without  the  aid  of  peat.  If  my 
memory  serves  me  aright  I  got  my  supply  from  either 
Waterer  or  Noble.  But  for  natural  early  food  there 
is  not  its  equal  ;  the  plants  always  bloom  early  in 
January,  and  if  there  is  a  mild  day  in  February  the 
workers  will  be  seen  luxuriating  from  flower  to  flower. 
Other  food  plants  are  Daphne  Mczereum  and 
the  red  and  white  varieties  of  Ribes,  flowering 
Currants.  These  also  bloom  with  us  here  in  the 
south  of  Ireland  in  February.  For  seeds  let  me  add 
Melilotus  officinalis  and  M.  leucantha.  The  seeds 
of  this  latter  have  a  perfume  as  of  new-mown  hay,  re- 
minding one  forcibly  of  the  odour  of  honey  an 
natiuel  gathered  in  meadows  by  children  after  the 
mowers  in  days  of  yore.  Cerinthe  gymnandra 
(Honeywort),  C.  aspera,  Lillemantia  cinescens, 
Phacelia  congesta  and  P.  tanacetifolia,  Cynoglossum 
Cffilestinus.  Then  we  have  Sweet  Alyssum  and  Sweet 
Scabious,  Balm,  Hyssop,  Sweet  Basil,  and,  for  a  rich 
feed  in  autumn,  Sedum  spectabile.  What  a  beautiful 
object  on  a  warm  morning  in  September  is  a  bed  of 
this  Sedum  grown  on  poor  rubbly  soil,  all  the  colours 
of  the  kaleidoscop;  in  bees  and  butterflies  basking  on 
a  rich  carpet  of  plush  1  A  good  subject  for  an  artist, 
and,  if  the  butterflies  could  be  all  guaranteed  white,  for 
an  instantaneous  photograph.   Contingensis. 

In    the    list    of   flowers    for    bees   given   in 

your  issue  of  Saturday  last  (p.  756),  there  is  no 
mention  made  of  Impatiens  glanduligera  (the  Giant 
Balsam),  which  we  consider  is  one  of  the  best 
"bee  plants  "  grown.  In  your  journal  for  February 
10,  1SS3,  it  is  thus  referred  to  :  — "  Of  its  honey- 
yielding  properties,  and  that  our  busy  bees  are  im- 
mensely fond  of  it,  there  cannot  be  any  doubt  what- 
ever, judging  by  the  number  of  bees  which  frequent  it 
when  in  flower,"  The  plant  is  of  handsome  appear- 
ance, shrubby  in  habit,  attains  a  height  of  4  to  5  feet, 
and  is  so  hardy  and  free  growing  that  it  will  do 
almost  anywhere.  Since  we  specially  recommended 
it  as  the  best  in  our  collection  of  flowers  for  tees  it 
has  been  much  in  request  by  our  bee-keeping  cus- 
tomers, and  is  found  to  answer  admirably.  While 
upon  this  subject,  we  may  also  say  that  we  have  often 
observed  how  fond  bees  are  of  the  Irish  Heath— more 
so  of  it,  apparently,  than  of  other  Heaths.  Exam- 
ining a  well-bloomed  twig  of  it,  we  found  that  the 
bees,  in  order  to  get  at  the  nectary,  had  perforated 
the  bells  at  their  base,  and  by  this  means  reached  the 
treasure.  R.  Vcitch  &=  Son. 

Eucalyptus  annygdalina.— At  p.  712,  in  Dr. 
D.  Lindsborough's  interesting  and  instructive  article 
upon  Australian  and  New  Zealand  trees  and  shrubs 
on  the  island  of  Arran,  mention  is  made  of  the  above 
species  of  Encalyplus  as  flowering  for  the  first  time  in 
Britain  in  the  open  air.  At  this  place  it  has  flowered 
for  many  years  ;  it  has  also  matured  seeds,  from 
which  we  have  reared  young  trees.  Our  old  tree  is 
6  feet  in  circumference  at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and 
about  60  feet  high,  and  would  have  been  much 
higher  but  is  kept  down  by  high  west  winds  from  the 
Atlantic.  Perhaps  it  has  never  flowered  more  pro- 
fusely than  it  has  this  summer';  the  nearest  branches  to 
the  ground  being  over  20  feet,  the  attention  was  first 
attrjcted  by  the  hum  of  thousands  of  bees  on  its 
flowers.    ly.  O.,  Fota  Island,  Cork. 

Trimming  Hedges.— In  relation  to  the  question 
raised  by  "Diss."  p.  757,  I  should  like  to  mention 
the  well-known  fact,  that  railway  hedges  are  amongst 
the  best  and  neatest  of  the  kind  in  the  kingdom,  and 
yet  these  are  generally  ''switched  "  during  the  summer, 
whilst  the  summer  growth  is  yet  tender  ;  and  yet  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  the  White  Thorn,  of  which 
these  hedges  are  mainly  composed,  and  which  forms 
the  chief  hedge  plant  of  the  kingdom,  seems  to  like 
this  summer  pruning.  I  have  here  portions  of  very 
old  White  Thorn  hedges,  probably  some  fifty  or  sixty 
years  planted  (for  they  are  7  feet  in  height,  and  thick), 
and  these  have  for  many  years  been  "switched"  in 
the  month  of  June  ;  indeed,  it  seems  doubtful  whether 
the  severe  hacking  which  is  needful  after  the  summer 
growth  has  become  hardened  is  not  far  more  harmlul 


December  t8,  i8S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


791 


to  the  hedge  than  is  the  easy  pruning  of  midsummer. 
Ordinary  field  hedgerows  are,  as  a  rule,  left  till  autumn, 
and  perhaps  winter  before  trimming  is  done,  but 
that  is  a  mere  matter  of  convenience,  whilst  it  is  an 
exceedingly  untidy  plan.  It  is  evident  once  a  proper 
hedgerow  is  formed  that  some  comparative  check  to 
robust  growth  is  needful,  that  seems  best  secured  by 
summer  trimming.  Evergreen  hedgerows  are  doubt- 
less best  pruned  in  the  spring,  because  the  new 
growth  soon  hides  the  cut  stems  and  leaves  ;  but  for 
that,  summer  trimming  would  do  quite  as  well.  As 
to  the  amputating  of  trees  in  summer  time,  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  great  activity  of  the  sap  just 
then  often  causes  excessive  bleeding  ;  on  the  other 
hand,  by  far  the  larger  portion  of  tree  pruning  is  per- 
force done  in  the  autumn  and  winter,  without  as  a 
rule  harm  resulting,  A.  D. 

Camellia  Sasanqua. — Why  this  old  introduction 
should  suftir  the  comparative  neglect  it  does  is  diffi- 
cult to  comprehend  even  with  all  the  wealth  of  variety 
in  the  popular  C.  jiponico.  Surely  there  are  those 
who  could  admire  and  appreciate  merit  in  flowers 
apart  from  mere  size,  in  the  presence  of  distinct 
colouring  attended  with  neat  and  even  handsome 
foliage.  The  typical  or  common  form  is  white,  but 
there  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Ma^aune,  20S0,  a 
variety  with  pale  rose  flowers.  The  normal  white 
form  figured  in  Thunberg's  Flora  Japomca,  30,  has 
been  flowering  for  some  time  in  Sir  G-^orge  Macleay's 
garden,  Pendell  Court.  Both  the  flowers  and  the 
leathery  shining  leaves  are  much  smaller  than  those 
of  C.  jiponica,  and  for  that  reason  essentially  prettier. 
It  is  said  to  produce  seeds  much  more  readily  than 
C.  japonica,  and  although  it  may  be  used  as  one  of 
the  parents  to  produce  new  varieties  having  the  tiza 
and  characters  of  the  latter,  it  ouj^ht  also  to  be  em- 
ployed with  a  view  to  obtain  a  race  of  small  flowered 
Camellias  of  various  colours,  that  could  hardly  fail  to 
find  admirers.  A  race  could  be  developed  that  might 
be  regarded  as  that  of  pompons  in  the  same  manner 
as  we  have  pompon  Chrysanthemums  and  pompon 
Dahlias.  Camellias  of  this  stamp  would  be  more 
serviceable  for  small  bouquets  and  buttonholes  than 
the  conventionally  accepted  large  ones.  This  species 
requires  the  same  cultural  treatment  as  that  of  C. 
jiponicai  and  presents  no  diflicalty  to  the  cultivator. 
J.F. 

Concolor,  Silver  Fir.  —  Referring  to  your  interest- 
ing article  in  to-day's  Gardeners'  Chronicle  on  Low's 
Silver  Fir,  we  were,  I  believe,  the  oiitjinal  importers 
of  the  tree  we  call  Picea  concolor.  We  imported  a 
large  qumtity  (about  1000)  of  young  trees  of  this  Fir 
at  the  time  that  the  first  seed  was  sent  (or  rather 
before  the  seed  came).  These  have  now  made 
fine  young  trees.  But  they  are  not  all  alike  in 
tint  by  any  means ;  and,  as  they  grow  larger,  this 
variaiion  in  colour  is  still  more  marked.  As  a 
rule,  the  leaves  of  conc3lor  are  shorter  and  rather 
more  curved  than  in  your  Lowii.  The  "extreme 
type"  (justifying  the  specific  name  concolor)  has 
leaves  silvery-grey  on  both  sides ;  but  large  numbers 
approach  our  lasiocarpa  in  appearance  to  so  con- 
siderable an  extent,  that  I  feel  pretty  certain  thty  are 
not  speci6cally  distinct.  They  are  much  nearer  to 
lasiocarpa  (or  Lowii),  both  in  appearance  of  foliage 
and  in  "habit"  than  they  are  to  the  tree  we  call 
*' true  grandis  *'  or  its  "  var.  from  Vancouver's 
Island."  In  both  these  the  leaves  are  flat  (growing  in 
Yew-like  fashion),  and  the  leaves  and  branchlets  are 
highly  fragrant — delicious  !  Till  we  have  the  cones  of 
the  three  forms,  now  called  grandis,  lasiocarpa 
(Lowii),  and  concolor,  produced  in  sufficient  abund- 
ance to  show  their  range  of  form,  it  is  largely  guess- 
work as  to  whether  there  is  or  is  not  what  justifiably 
constitutes  specific  dift.;rence.  The  variation  in 
form  of  the  cones  of  Norway  Spruce  is  very  great — so 
great  that,  had  only  a  few  extreme  forms  of  it  been 
introduced,  they  might  well  have  been  supposed  to 
belong  to  two  species.  Vet  it  is  justifiable  to 
name  as  species  either  plants  or  trees  which,  on 
first  introduction,  appear  distinct,  without  fear  that 
one's  "credit,"  scientifically  speaking,  is  at  all 
involved,  if  further  evidence  should  prove  that 
such  are  only  extreme  forms  of  one  species.  For 
instance,  Sir  W.  f.  Hooker  was  perfectly  right 
(in  the  highest  "scientific  sense")  is  not  only 
giving  the  distinct  specific  names  Trichomanes 
auriculatum  and  T.  dissectum  to  the  dried  specimens 
of  "these"  which  he  received  ;  but  even  in  placing 
them  under  diffirent  section  in  the  Species  Filictiin, 
The  difference,  in  form,  between  the  fertile  and  un- 
fertile fronds  is  so  great  that  no  botanist,  I  believe, 
would  imagine  that  they  were  the  produce,  not  only 
of  one  species,  but  of  one  plant  !  Jas,  Backhouse. 

Keeping  Grapes  on  Vines.  —  Having  a  house  of 
Black  Alicante  Grapes,  and  not  wishing  to  cut  them 
all  at  once  for  bottling,  liking  to  see  them  on  the 
Vines  as  long  a?  was  good  for  both  Grapes  and  Vines, 
and  having  likewise  to  use  the  vinery  as  a  plant 
house — and,  moreover,  the  recent  wet  weather  hiving 
caused  the  Grapes  to  decay  faster  than  I  liked  to  see 


them— I  was  induced  to  try  cutting  the  shoots  three 
parts  through  between  the  bunch  and  the  Vine.  This 
cutting  has  certainly  had  the  effect  of  stopping  the 
decay  at  once,  without  spoiling  the  appearance  of  the 
vinery.  Thinking  my  experiment  might  be  of  use  to 
many  others  in  similar  case,  and  not  having  a  special 
Grape-room,  nor  wishing  to  consign  them  to  an 
ordinary  fruit-room,  I  have  recorded  il,  not  having 
seen  any  account  of  its  being  practised.   R.  M,  J. 

English  and  American  Apples. —"A.  D.  W.'s" 

suggestion  respecting  the  testing  of  the  qualities 
against  each  other  of  our  own  and  American  Apples  is 
a  good  one,  and  may  easily  be  utilised  at  one  of  the 
South  Kensington  Committee  meetings,  if  any  one  on 
behalf  of  the  Fruit  Committee  be  authorised  to  pur- 
chase samples  of  the  best  of  American  and  Canadian 
Apples  to  be  found  in  the  market  ;  without  doubt 
these  would  represent  the  average  quality  of  American 
kinds.  Then,  without  doubt,  members  of  the  com- 
ittee  could  furnish  fairly  good  samphs  of  our  best 
id  the  test  might  be  a  fair  one,  and 
We  grow  so  largely  of  early  winter 
nes  happens,  after  the  new  year 
uly  secund-rate  sorts  are  left  in  the 
the  American  sorts  have  the  best 
reputation.  Very  probably  samples  now  will  hi 
found  to  excel  ours  in  colour,  and  perhaps  in  beauty  ; 
but  whilst  these  features  are  good  marketable  com- 
modities, yet  they  help  nothing  in  the  matter  of 
flavour  or  of  value  wfien  cooked.  It  is  njt  only 
desirable  that  these  diversely  grown  Apples  should 
be  tested  in  the  raw  state,  but  in  a  cooked  con- 
dition also.  If  our  own  kinds  are  best,  it  is  well  it 
shoul  1  be  made  widely  known,  that  the  public  may 
be  taught  that  the  showy  Americans  are  not  so 
good  as  home-grown  fruits.  Still  farther,  it  is  well 
to  know  what  sorts,  being  good  average  croppers, 
are  the  best  all-round  keepers,  and  good  in  the 
month  of  January.  A.  D. 

Orchids  in  Flower  at  Kew  on  December  i  :— 


keeping  sorts,  ; 
full  of  interest, 
kinds  that  it  son 
has  come  in,  c 
market— hence 


Appjndicula  sp. 

Lycai^te  xytrinphnra 

Barkeria  Lindieyana  var. 

Masdevallia  Chetsoiii  X 

UulbophylUim  hlrtmu 

,.    gibberosa 

,,     sp.  (OJoJtostvl.'s) 

„    ignea 

Cdlanths  Ve  tchiix 

„     melanopus 

.,     veratrifolia 

„    ochthodes 

,,     V-st  ta 

„     ,,     luteo-ociilata 

,1    ShuLtteworiliii 

,,     .,     lubro-oculata 

,,    lovarensis 

Calasetum  longilo  ium 

„     Veitchii 

Cattleya  Dornianiana 

Maxillaria  picta  var. 

Co:hlioda    (MesoipiQidiura 

„     sctlgcra 

rosea 

„     tenuifolia 

C.elogyne  fimbriata 

„     triangjiaris 

,.     i'ulis'mosa 

,,    va  iabilis 

Cypripediiiin  calumin  < 

„     „     media 

,,     concolor 

Microstylis  commeUna: 

„     Harrislanu^nx 

Miltonia      spcclabilii 

.,     i.sigii- 

Moreliana 

,,     ,,     Alaulei 

Notylia  aromatica 

„     loiigif.liuni 

Octomeria  Loddigesli 

,,      por^.|iyrc-u:LlX 

Odontoglossuin     Alexa 

,,      R.je/hi 

(0.  crispum) 

„     S^d-.ii 

„     bictoniense 

„     Spce:i.iiu.<n 

,,     cariiiiferiim 

DendrobiuTi  forinT^iini 

„     „     gUanteutn 

,,     Insieayi  Leopold 

„     Joha.ns 

,,     Pescaiorei 

„     pr  fiisum 

,,     Rossii 

Dendrochilum  uncatum 

,1     „    major 

Kpideudnim  ellipticiun 

„     ,1     siip^rbum 

,.     equitani 

Oncidium  aureum 

,,     erectum 

,,     cheirophonim 

,,    pallidiflonim 

,,     Joncsianuni 

,,     paniculaiu:!!      racemj 

,,     prxtcxtuin 

Eria  clavicaul  s 

M.  .,     Rogersi 

,,     concolor 

Orullhidiura  sophroniti 

Isochilus  Inearis 

Phaliecopsis  conij-ccrv 

Lxlia  anceps 

Pleurothallis  Parberian 

„     .,     U  rkerLina 

.,     saurocephala 

>>    sp. 

„     Day.ma 

„     tridentata 

L'par  s  cvliii  Jrostachya 

,.     velaticiiills 

,.     p.Mjula 

Saccolabiuin  Blumei  m 

,,    spatlml:ita 

Sophronilis  gmnditlyra 

Lis-ochilii.  K.r-biii 

Yanda  C£rul«i 

J-f- 

Luculia  gratissima.— Of  ths  many  greenhouse 
shrubs  we  possess  which  bloora  at  this  season  of  the 
year  none  are  more  useful  than  this  old  favourite, 
with  its  large  showy  umbels  of  lovely  delicate  pink — 
almost  white— blossoms.  The  flowers  are  from 
J  —  li  inch  in  diameter  (the  size  of  the  flowers  depend 
greatly  on  the  vigour  of  the  plant).  A  few  days  since 
my  attention  was  arrested  in  passing  through  one  of 
the  greenhouses  at  Messrs.  Backhouse's  nurseries, 
York,  by  a  fine  well  formed  plant.  The  branches 
were  very  dense,  forming  a  compact  bush  5  to  6  feet 
high  and  from  7  to  S  feet  across,  bearing  as  many  as 
130  heads  of  flowers,  the  fragrance  from  which 
was  delightful.  Sime  diHiculty  is,  I  believe,  expe- 
rienced in  successfully  growing  this  shrub,  arising  in 
many  instances  from  being  placed  in  too  high  a  tem- 
perature. The  specimen  at  York  was  growing  in  an 
oblong  tank  at  the  north  end  ol  a  Camellia-house. 
The  tank  was  about  3  feet  long,  iS  inches  wide,  and 
about  2i  feet  deep  ;  the  lower  portion  was  filled  up 
with  drainage,  on  the  top  of  this  was  a  compost  of 
rough  peat,  loam,  sand,  and   nodules  of  vegetable 


charcoal.  A  hot  (in  winter)  water  pipe  passes  through 
the  tank  about  9  inches  from  the  bottom.  Possibly 
this  has  some  influence  in  producing  such  vigour  in 
the  plant.  Be  this  as  it  may  no  garden  should  be 
without  this  most  useful  of  autumn  flowering  shrubs. 
K.  P. 

Phaseolus  caracalla. — Whether  grown  for  beauty 
or  ornament,  this  singular  plant  possesses  both,  and 
finds  a  congenial  home  at  Pendell  Court,  that  unique 
repository  for  rare,  curious,  and  interesting  subjects. 
The  system  of  cultivation  adopted  here — viz.,  planting 
out  in  the  border  or  soil  of  the  houie — enables  many 
things  to  be  flowered  which  those  cultivators  who 
grow  in  pots  only  have  difHculty  in  doing,  or  seldom 
succeed  in  flowering.  The  species  under  notice  is  a 
perennial,  a  circumstance  of  not  very  common  occur- 
rence in  thegenus,  and  coming  from  India  requiresstove 
treatment.  It  was  originally  introduced  to  this  country 
as  early  as  1690,  and  seems  to  have  been  cultivated  at 
Hampton  Court  about  that  time,  but,  like  many  other 
things  of  that  character,  appears  and  disappears  from 
time  to  time  as  the  curious  take  it  in  hand  or  neglect  it. 
It  would  seem  to  be  cultivated  in  its  native  country  as 
several  other  species  are,  but  would  not  become 
amenable  for  such  a  purpose  in  this  country  unless  it 
could  be  grown  and  fruited  in  the  open  air  in  summer 
as  P.  vulgaris  and  P.  multiflorus  are.  The  twining 
stems  are  well  furnished  with  the  characteristic  tri- 
foliolate  leaves  and  racemes  of  those  singularly  con- 
torted flowers  which  have  won  for  the  plant  the  name 
of  Snail-flower.  These  flowers  when  young  are  more 
or  less  suffused  purple  on  a  pale  yellow  ground,  and 
even  exhibit  a  tint  of  violet.  The  keel  and  standard 
are  remarkably  twisted,  and  the  long  style  and 
stamens  are  even  contorted  in  a  most  extraordinary 
mann.'r.  There  is  a  figure  of  the  species  in  the 
Botanical  Kegister,  iv.,  341.    J.  F. 

The  Plane  Tree  and  the  Quince. — Loudon  in 
the  Arboietiim  lifitanfucuf/i  describes  the  bark  of  the 
Plane  tree  as  "  scaling  off  In  hard  irregular  patches," 
the  cause  of  which  "  Dr.  Lindley  states  to  be  the 
rigidity  of  its  tissue  ;  on  account  of  which  it  is  incap- 
able of  stretching,  as  the  wood  beneath  it  increases  in 
diameter"  (iVai.  Sysl.,  ed.  2,  p.  1S7).  A  neighbour 
has  lately  called  my  attention  to  a  similar  process 
occurring  in  the  growth  of  the  bark  of  the  Qjince, 
which  I  have  verified  by  an  inspection  of  my  own 
Qaince  trees.  I  do  not  find  that  this  peculiarity  has 
ever  been  noticed  in  the  columns  of  your  journal,  nor 
in  any  work  published,  to  which  I  have  at  present 
access.  I  would  call  your  attention  to  it,  and  ask  if 
it  arises  from  the  same  ciuse  which  Dr.  Lindley 
attributes  to  the  Plane  tree,  or  from  a  different  cause. 
Diss. 

Nannorhops  Rttcbieana,  —  Professsor  Oliver 
has  kindiycommunicated  to  me  the  following  note  from 
Professor  Biccari,  of  Florence,  with  reference  to  this 
Palm  and  its  probable  hardiness:  — "Two  or  three  years 
ago  I  received  some  seeds  of  Nannoihops  Ritchieana 
from  Dr.  Brandis,  from  which  I  obtained  some  small 
plants.  These  were  exposed  last  year  to  a  tempera- 
ture of  8^  of  frost.  Centigrade  (17°  of  frost,  Fahren- 
heit), without  an  harm  happening  them.  I  believe 
N.  Ritchieana  to  be  one  of  the  hardiest  of  Palms." 
At  Kew  the  young  plants  have  not  been  subjected  to 
a  lower  temperature  than  that  of  an  ordinary  stove, 
the  object  being  to  get  large  plants  in  as  quick  time 
as  possible,  Mr.  Wendland  recently  informed  me 
that  he  had  had  plants  of  this  Palm  in  his  collection 
many  years  ago,  but  they  failed  to  thrive  with  him. 
IV.  iValson,  Xe-w. 


Btiuim. 


NATIONAL     ROSE. 

Annual  Meeting  :  Deiembtr  9. — The  annual 
meeting  of  the  National  Rose  Society  was  held  on 
the  above  date  in  the  Covent  Garden  Hotel,  Hen- 
rietta Street,  \V, C.  The  chair  was  taken  by  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen,  and  there  was  a 
large  attendance  of  members,  amongst  those  present 
being  :-Rev  H.  H.  D'Ombrain  and  E.  Mawley. 
Esq.,  Hon.  Secretaries  ;  Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton, 
Rev.  F.  Page-Roberts,  Rev.  Alan  Cheales,  Rev.  T. 
W.  Flinloff,  Rev.  Foster-Melliar,  and  Messrs.  G.  W. 
Piper,  T.  B.  Hall,  E.  B.  Liodsell,  R.  E.  West,  J.  D. 
Pawie,  T.  W.  Girdlestone.  F.  Cant,  G.  Bunyard,  G. 
Prince,  C.  E.  Culhill,  J.  T.  Strange,  John  Eateman, 
A.  G.  Slaughter,  B.  Cant,  E.  Wilkins,  F.  R.  Burn- 
side,  H.  Appleby,  K.  Bloxam,  G.  Paul,  A.  Turner, 
T.  B.  Hiywood,  and  W,  Rumsey. 

After  the  notice  convening  the  meeting  and  the 
minutes  of  the  annual  meeting  of  18S5  had  been 
read  by  Mr.  E.  Mawley  and  signed,  the  Chairman 
nominated  Mr.  G.  Paul  and  Mr.  T.  W.  Girdlestone 
scrutineers  for  conducting  the  ballot  for  officers  and 


792 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  1886. 


members  of  committee  for  the  ensuing  year.  A 
brief  discussion  took  place  as  to  the  mode  of  con- 
ducting the  election,  and  the  Rev.  H.  H.  D'Ombrain 
then  read  the  annual  report,  which  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  In  presenting  this  report  the  committee  wish  to 
remind  their  members  that  the  Society  has  now  com- 
pleted its  first  decade  ;  and  in  looking  back  upon  the 
hcpes  expressed  at  its  foundation  they  cannot  but 
feel  that  those  anticipations  have  been  in  many 
respects  more  than  fully  realised.  The  Society  has  from 
the  very  first  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  Rose 
growing  community  generally,  and  has  already  effected 
a  considerable  improvement  in  the  management  of 
local  Rose  societies,  and  their  methods  of  exhibition, 
besides  bringing  about  the  almost  entire  discontinuance 
of  two  days'  Rose  shows.  Indeed,  its  influence  in 
these  respects  has  even  extended  to  other  special 
societies  in  this  country,  as  well  as  to  some  of  those 
recently  started  on  the  Continent  and  in  our  colonies. 
It  has  also,  besides  leading  to  the  wider  cultivation 
and  exhibition  of  show  Roses,  helped  much  to 
encourage  the  growth  of  those  garden  varieties  which 
find  such  favour  with  many  horticulturists  at  the 
present  time. 

"  The  past  year  has  in  no  way  come  short  of  its 
predecessors  in  the  success  which  has  attended  the 
Society's  operations.  Its  two  exhibitions,  the  metro- 
politan show,  at  South  Kensington,  and  the  provincial 
show,  at  Birmingham,  have,  as  usual,  brought  to- 
gether very  fine  collections  of  Roses,  as  well  as  a 
large  number  of  visitors  more  or  less  interested  in  the 
culture  of  our  national  flower.  The  exhibition  at 
Birmingham  was  particularly  interesting,  as  it  was 
new  ground  for  the  Society,  and  the  fixture  being  well 
timed  in  the  season,  there  was  an  unusually  large 
display  of  fine  flowers.  That  at  South  Kensington 
was  one  of  the  most  extensive  the  Society  has  yet 
held,  but  owing  to  the  hot  dry  weather  which  pre- 
vailed on  the  exhibition  day  and  for  some  time  pre- 
vious to  it,  the  individual  blooms  were  not,  as  a  rule, 
so  large  as  are  usually  seen  there. 

"  The  medals  struck  from  the  Society's  new  dies 
have  been  much  appreciated,  and  are  on  all  hands 
admitted  to  be  greatly  superior  in  design  and  execu- 
tion to  those  previously  issued. 

"  With  regard  to  finance  the  committee  are  unable 
to  report  so  large  a  balance  as  last  year.  This,  how- 
ever, will  be  found  to  be  almost  entirely  due  to  the 
large  expenditure  on  the  dies  for  the  new  medals,  and 
to  the  additional  prizes  awarded  this  year  at  both  the 
metropolitan  and  provincial  exhibitions.  The  total 
receipts  have  amounted  to  1^590  14^.  7</.,  and  the 
expenditure  to  £<^%l  15^.  71/.,  leaving  a  balance  for 
the  financial  year  o{£fi  \<js. 

"  In  making  arrangements  for  1S87,  the  committee 
hope  to  hold  their  metropolitan  exhibition  as  usual  at 
South  Kensington,  where  the  superintendent  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  gardens,  Mr.  Barron, 
hopes  so  to  arrange  the  staging  in  the  conservatory 
that  the  flowers  may  be  displayed  to  better  advantage, 
and  at  the  same  time  be  more  convenient  for  both 
exhibitors  and  visitors.  In  order  to  carry  out  the 
original  intention  of  the  Society  as  a  national  one  the 
committee  have  entered  into  arrangements  with  the 
Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society  for  the  pro- 
vincial show  to  be  held  in  Edinburgh  on  July  13. 
The  Lord  Provost  of  Edinburgh  has  kindly  consented 
to  take  an  interest  in  this  exhibition,  and  every  endea- 
vour will  be  made  to  render  this,  the  first  show  the 
Society  has  held  out  of  England,  in  all  respects  a 
successful  one. 

"The  privileges  of  members  are  the  same  as  in 
former  years,  subscribers  of  £1  being  entitled  to  two 
private  view  tickets,  and  also  to  four  transferable 
tickets,  admitting  at  the  same  time  as  the  general 
public.  Members  subscribing  10s.  are  entitled  to  one 
private  view  ticket,  and  also  to  two  transferable 
tickets.  Each  one  of  these  tickets  will  be  available 
at  either  of  the  Society's  exhibitions.  Members  who 
are  subscribing  for  the  first  time  in  1887  will  receive 
a  copy  of  the  Society's  illustrated  catalogue  of  exhi- 
bition and  garden  Roses. 

"  It  is  again  the  pleasing  duty  of  the  committee  to 
express  their  best  thanks  to  those  kind  friends  who 
have  undertaken  in  different  parts  of  the  country  to 
act  as  the  Society's  local  secretaries ;  for  it  is  unques- 
tionably in  a  great  measure  through  their  exertions 
that  the  number  of  members  has  been  so  well  main- 
tained ." 

The  Chairman,  in  moving  the  adoption  of  the 
report  and  financial  statement,  congratulated  the 
members  on  the  success  which  had  attended  the  work 
of  the  Society,  and  considered  that  they  had  good 
cause  for  satisfaction  with  the  results.  He  also 
thought  it  a  good  opportunity  for  suggesting  that  local 
secretaries  and  others  interested  in  the  Society  should 
use  their  influence  to  maintain  it  in  the  high  position 
it  now  so  worthily  occupies. 

In  the  course  of  the  discussion  which  followed  the 
Rev.  H.  H.  D'Ombrain  said  that,  should  any  difE- 
culty  arise  as  to  holding  the  metropolitan  exhibition, 
which  is  fixed  for  July  5,  at  South  Kensington,  as  in 
previous  years,  arrangements  could  probably  be  made 
for  its  being  held  at  "Olympia,"  near  Addison 
Road    Station,   Kensington,  which  is  well  adapted 


for  the  purpose.  With  reference  to  the  pro- 
vincial exhibition  to  be  held  at  Edinburgh, 
July  13,  he  had  good  reason  for  believing  it  would 
prove  a  great  success.  The  Lord  Provost  had  pro- 
mised his  influence,  and  a  considerable  sum  had  been 
already  received  by  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Cale- 
donian Horticultural  Society  towards  the  special  prize 
fund.  Referring  to  the  provincial  exhibition  for 
18SS,  Mr.  D'Ombrain  said  that  an  application  had 
been  received  from  Darlington  to  hold  the  show  in 
that  town  ;  and  he  thought  as  the  previous  exhibition 
held  at  Darlington  had  been  so  successful,  it  would 
probably  be  to  the  advantage  of  the  Society  to  take 
the  application  into  consideration. 

Rev.  Alan  Cheales,  in  seconding  the  motion  for  the 
adoption  of  the  report  and  balance-sheet,  said  that 
with  a  number-roll  of  425  societies  in  affiliation,  they 
had  no  cause  to  fear  as  to  the  future  of  the  National 
Rose  Society.  On  being  put  to  the  meeting,  the 
motion  was  carried  unanimously. 

As  the  result  of  the  ballot,  which  was  declared  at 
this  stage,  the  following  are  the  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year:  —  President,  the  Rev.  Canon  Hole; 
Vice-Presidents,  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen, 
the  Rev.  J.  M.  Fuller,  Robert  Hogg,  LL.D.,  James 
Mcintosh,  and  the  Lord  Provost  of  Edinburgh  ;  Hon. 
Treasurer,  Thomas  Burt  Haywood ;  Hon.  Secretaries, 
the  Rev.  H.  Honywood  D'Ombrain  and  Edward 
Mawley  ;  General  Commitsee,  H.  Appleby,  Rev.  H. 
A.  Berners,  Rev.  H.  B.  Biron,  R.  Bloxham,  G. 
Bunyard,  J.  Burrell,  Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  B.  R. 
Cant,  F.   Cant,  Rev.  A.  Cheales,  Captain  Christy, 

E.  Claxton,  J.  Cranston,  Rev.  A.  Foster-Melliar, 
Rev.  F.  GalI,"T.  W.  Girdlestone,  W.  J.  Grant,  T.  B. 
Hall,  G  P.  Hawtrey,  J.  Shirley  Hibberd,  C.  F. 
Hore,  W.  J.  Jefferies,  E.  B.  Lindsell,  Dr.  M.  T. 
Masters,    F.R.S.,    Rev.    F.    Page-Roberts,  G.    Paul, 

F.  C.  Pawle,  J.   D.  Pawie,   Rev.  J.   H.  Pemberton, 

G.  W.  Piper,  G.  Prince,  W.  Rumsey,  J.  Sargant, 
A,  Slaughter,  A.  Turner,  R.  E.  West,  E.  R.  Whit- 
well,  E.  Wilkins,  Rev.  W.  Wilks,  and  W.  H. 
Williams ;  Hon.  Auditors,  J.  D.  Pawle,  and  F.  T. 
Wollaston. 

A  discussion  arose,  in  which  the  Rev.  H.  D'Om- 
brain, Mr.  T.  B.  Hall,  Rev.  J,  H.  Pemberton,  Mr. 
G.  Paul,  Mr.  B.  Cant,  and  other  members  took 
part,  as  to  the  advisability  of  continuing  to  ofTer  the 
challenge  trophies  at  the  metropolitan  exhibitions  as 
at  present,  or  of  offering  them  alternately  in  London 
and  the  provinces.  As  the  result  of  the  discussion, 
the  committee  was  instructed  to  consider  the  ques- 
tion and  report  to  the  next  annual  meeting.  Mr.  G. 
Paul  suggested  that  the  exhibition  at  which  the 
trophies  were  offered  should  be  the  principal  one  of 
the  year — a  suggestion  which  met  with  general 
approval. 

Mr.  B.  Cant  referred  to  the  question  as  to  the  best 
stocks  tor  Roses,  end  quoted  from  a  letter  in  which 
the  writer  said  he  had  Roses  on  the  Manetti  which 
were  at  least  twenty  years  old,  and  in  the  most  vigor- 
ous state  of  health. 

Votes  of  thanks  were  accorded  to  the  Horticul- 
tural Club  for  the  use  of  its  rooms,  to  the  officers  for 
their  services,  and  to  the  Chairman. 

The  annual  dinner  was  held  in  the  evening,  under 
the  presidency  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen. 
The  majority  of  the  members,  whose  names  are  given 
above,  were  present,  and  a  very  enjoyable  evening 
was  spent,  the  toasts  being  few  and  the  speeches 
brief. 

NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
A  Chrysanthemum  "  Album,"  —  As  briefly 
announced  last  week  at  p.  752,  Mr.  C.  Harman 
Payne  exhibited  at  the  meeting  of  the  National  Chry- 
santhemum Society's  Floral  Committee,  held  in  the 
Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  on  the  6th  inst.,  an 
Album  which  he  had  compiled,  comprising  the  earliest 
known  drawings  of  this  flower  down  to  the  present 
time,  showing  its  gradual  development.  We  now 
think  it  will  be  of  interest  to  our  readers  to  learn  the 
following  facts :— It  appears  that  the  earliest  drawing, 
which  is  dated  17S9,  illustrates  the  first  large  flower- 
ing Chinese  Chrysanthemums  imported  into  Europe 
by  Mons.  Beauchard  ;  the  next  is  dated  1S02,  and  is 
an  illustration  of  the  Changeable  White,  the  first 
sport  fixed  in  England,  and  it  occurred  at  the  Bishop 
of  London's  garden,  Fulham  Palace.  Then  follow 
illustrations  of  importations  from  China  between  1S02 
and  1820.  Plate  No.  53  represents  Sanguinea  and 
Expanded  Crimson,  two  of  the  first  English  seedlings, 
raised  by  Mr.  Isaac  Wheeler,  of  Oxford,  who  began 
this  work  in  1832  ;  and  No.  55,  seedlings,  raised 
by  Mr.  Freestone,  of  Downham,  Norfolk,  who  fol- 
fowed  Wheeler  in  1835.  Plate  63  is  Chrysanthemum 
indicum,  copied  from  the  specimen  in  the  Herbarium 
of  Linnaeus ;  and  plate  65  one  of  the  same  copied 
from  a  drawing  in  the  possession  of  the  old  East 
India  Company  in  1823.  Then  follow  drawings  of 
varieties  raised  between  1850  and  up  to  the  present 
time.  Plate  191  is  worthy  of  special  notice  as  repre- 
senting six  varieties,  three  incurved  and  three  Japanese, 
and  it  is  said  to  be  the  only  coloured  picture  of  the 
flower  that  has  been   produced  in  America.     This 


statement  is  made  on  the  authority  of]  Mr.  John 
Thorpe,  formerly  of  Stralford-on-Avon.  The  Silver 
Medal  of  the  Society  was  unanimaosly  awarded  to 
Mr.  Payne  for  this  interesting  exhibit.  Mr.  Payne  is 
also  making  a  collection  of  the  literature  of  the  Chry- 
santhemum, and  has  got  together  much  of  this  cha- 
racter, but  has  not  yet  succeeded  in  bringing  it  to  that 
state  of  completeness  he  hopes  to  reach  in  a  short 
time.  He  would  be  glad  of  any  reference  to  old 
pamphlets  on  the  culture  of  the  Chrysanthemum 
issued  previous  to  1840. 

Presentation  to  Mr.  William  Holmes. 

The  annual  dinner  of  this  Society  took  place  at  the 
old  "  Four  Swans  "  Tavern,  Bishopgate  Street,  E  C, 
on  Monday  evening  last,  the  President,  E.  Sander- 
son, Esq.,  in  the  chair,  and  some  112  members  and 
friends  being  present.  After  the  toasts,  the  prizes 
awarded  at  the  Royal  Aquarium  show  in  November 
were  presented,  together  with  some  special  medals, 
among  them  one  to  Mr.  C.  Harman  Payne,  for  his 
Chrysanthemum  Album,  on  behalf  of  the  subscribers 
to  the  same.  Mr.  E.  C.  Jukes  presented  to  Mr.  C, 
Gibson,  of  Morden  Park  Gardens,  a  handsome  silver 
cup,  in  appreciation  of  the  remarkably  fine  stand  of 
forty-eight  blooms  of  incurved  Chrysanthemums 
shown  by  him  at  the  last  Aquarium  exhibition,  but 
unfortunately  disqualified  owing  to  an  oversight  in 
putting  up  four  blooms  of  one  variety. 

Mr.  Sanderson  proceeded  to  present  to  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Holmes,  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Society,  a 
tastefully  illuminated  address  in  a  massive  gilt  frame  : 
and  three  handsome  epergnes,  subscribed  for  by 
members  of  the  Society.  The  address  sets  forth  the 
regard  and  esteem  entertained  for  Mr.  Holmes  by 
the  members  of  the  Society  ;  and  their  sense  of  the 
inestimable  value  of  his  services  to  it,  and  especially 
in  the  direction  of  extending  the  culture  of  the  Chry- 
santhemum. The  centre  epergne  (this  and  the  two 
side  pieces  being  in  silver  and  composed  of  twin 
Palms,  with  their  leaves  supporting  receptacles  for 
flowers  and  fruit),  bears  the  following  inscription  : 
— "  Presented  to  Mr.  W.  Holmes,  by  upwards  of  one 
hundred  members  and  friends  of  the  National  Chry- 
santhemum Society,  December,  18S6." 

Mr.  Holmes  in  returning  thanks,  said  that  his  con- 
nection with  the  Society  extended  over  a  period  of 
fourteen  years,  as  on  Oct.  10,  1S72,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  original  Stoke  Newington  Chrysan- 
themum Society,  then  meeting  at  the  old  "Rochester 
Castle,"  and  soon  after  he  was  placed  on  its  com- 
mittee. He  was  not  long  after  advanced  to  the 
post  of  Honorary  Secretary,  and  in  course  of  time, 
thinking  the  operations  of  the  Society  should  cover 
a  wider  field,  he  proposed  that  the  show  be  held 
at  Hackney.  Eventually  this  was  agreed  to,  and 
the  Society  then  took  upon  itself  the  designation  of 
the  Borough  of  Hackney  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
When  he  became  secretary  there  were  just  over  fifty 
members  ;  when  this  Society  became  the  National, 
there  were  above  ninety  members  ;  and  the  wisdom 
of  giving  the  Society  a  national  character  wa^  shown 
by  the  fact  that  there  were  now  399,  and  some 
twenty-five  more  for  nomination.  Daring  the  two 
years  the  Floral  Committee  of  the  Society  had  been  in 
existence,  2S7  new  varieties  of  Chrysanthemums  had 
been  submitted  for  consideration,  and  44  certificates 
were  awarded.  At  the  November  Show  at  the 
Royal  Aquarium,  as  many  as  3722  blooms  of  Chry- 
santhemums were  staged  in  competition.  Mr.  Holmes 
concluded  by  warmly  acknowledging  the  great  ser- 
vices the  horticultural  Press  had  rendered  to  the 
Society. 


^COTX^AIMD. 
I 

SCOTTISH  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
{Con^lni^d  from  p.  760.) 
On  the  7th  inst.  the  above  Association  held  its 
ordinary  monthly  meeting  in  their  rooms,  5,  St. 
Andrew  Square,  Edinburgh,  Mr.  A.  Milne,  President, 
in  the  chair.  Mr.  John  Thomson,  Clovenfords, 
read  an  interesting  paper  on  "The  Vine,"  dealing 
chiefly  with  seedlings  of  recent  introduction,  pointing 
out  the  peculiarities  of  such  varieties  as  Aluwick 
Seedling,  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  Waltham  Cross,  White 
Lady  Downe's,  Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  and  others, 
and  with  the  diversity  of  opinion  that  existed  among 
cultivators  regarding  these  varieties  severally.  Mr. 
Thomson  pointed  out  that  it  was  unfortunate  that 
adverse  opinion  on  such  matters  was  not  always 
supported  by  conclusive  evidence  of  the  beating  of 
local  circumstances  on  the  case  in  point.  Regarding 
the  difficulty  in  settling  on  what  grounds  Alnwick  Seed- 
ling Grape  has  been  so  much  condemned,  he  stated 
his  belief  that  this  peculiarity  was  mainly  due  to 
purely  local  conditions,  particularly  such  as  led  to 
over-luxuriance  in  the    Vine  ;   moist  localities,   and 


December  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


793 


very  rich  borders  being  the  principal  causes  of  want 
of  fertility  in  Vines  that  were,  like  the  variety  in 
question,  hereditarily  predisposed  that  way.  Over- 
luxuriance  caused  an  excessive  development  of  mois- 
ture on  the  stigma,  which  prevented  the  action  of  the 
poUen  on  that  organ  at  the  proper  time.  The  paper 
discussed  the  merits  as  regards  quality  of  many  of  the 
newer  sorts,  and  claimed  the  highest  consideration  for 
the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  and  the  Duchess  of  Buccleuch. 
They  could  not  be  put  forward  as  market  or  popular 
varieties,  because  of  their  bad  travelling  qualities,  but 
wherever  the  highest  excellence  in  size,  texture,  and 
lusciousness  were  required  for  home  use,  the  Duke 
would  hold  its  own  against  all  comers  ;  while  the 
Duchess  in  point  of  deliciousness  of  flavour  was  incom- 
parable. 

In  the  discussion  that  followed  the  reading  of  the 
paper,  Mr.  Mathew  Todd,  florist  and  fruiterer,  dealt 
with  the  value  of  any  particular  variety  of  Grape  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  market  dealer.  To  be  popular, 
it  must  have  a  good  appearance  and  must  keep  and 
carry  well — black  Grapes  being  generally  speaking 
preferred  to  light  coloured  sorts,  flavour  being  the 
very  last  consideration,  and  having  no  weight  in 
deciding  the  choice  of  customers,  if  all  the  other 
qualities  were  up  to  the  mark.  Mr.  Hugh  Fraser 
and  others  took  part  in  the  discussion,  and  threw 
much  interest  ibto  the  proceedings  of  the  evening. 


EDINBURGH    BOTANICAL:    December  9. 

H.  H.  Johnston,  Esq.,  exhibited  and  presented 
to  the  Society  specimens  of  two  Orkney  plants 
collected  by  him  last  summer.  Sagina  maritima, 
Don,  in  a  very  contracted  form,  one-third  to  \  inch 
high  and  one  to  three  flowered,  was  collected  at  the 
Ness  of  Ramnageo,  Sandwick,  on  the  mainland,  on 
July  23.  It  grew  among  the  short,  densely-matted 
pasture,  within  a  lew  feet  of  the  edge  of  the  clilfs, 
and  in  a  situation  exposed  to  the  salt  spray  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  the  full  force  of  the  westerly 
gales  which  are  so  prevalent  in  the  Orkney  Islands. 
Professor  Babington,  to  whom  specimens  of  the 
Orkney  Sagina  were  sent,  wrote  that  he  had  ap- 
parently the  same  plant,  rather  more  luxuriant,  from 
Far-out  Head.  The  pasture  among  which  the  Sagina 
grew  was  fully  examined  by  Dr.  Johnston,  who  found 
that  it  was  composed  of  the  following  eleven  species 
of  plants,  all  of  which  were  in  a  very  stunted  condi- 
tion ; — Cochlearia  officinalis,  Linn. ;  b.  alpina,  Wats. 
Cerastium  triviale,  Link.  :  Sagina  maritima,  Don  ; 
Armeria  maritima,  Willd.  ;  Euphrasia  oflicinalis, 
Linn.;  Plantago  maritima,  Linn.;  b.  minor,  Hook, 
and  Arn.  ;  P.  coronopus,  Linn.  ;  Festuca  rubra, 
Linn.;  Eurynchium  prcelongum  (Linn.),  Sch.;  and 
an  undetermined  species  of  fungus,  of  which  only 
one  specimen  was  observed.  The  other  plant  exhi- 
bited was  Carex  fulva,  Good.  ;  C,  xanthocarpa, 
Degl.,  which  is  described  in  English  Botany^  ed,  3, 
under  the  name  of  C.  fulva  var.  sterilis,  and  is 
synonymous  with  C.  fulva,  Koch  et  Auct,  plur.  {non 
Smith).  The  specimens  were  collected  in  a  marsh 
near  North  Dam,  in  Hoy,  on  August  9,  1886.  The 
variety  sterilis  is  distinguished  from  C.  fulva  by  its 
denser  tufted  habit,  pale  yellower-green  coloured 
leaves,  uninflated  perigynium,  and  by  never  producing 
mature  fruit,  either  in  the  wild  state  or  under  culti- 
vation. 

Dr.  Boswell,  who  first  found  this  plant  in  Orkney, 
at  Piggar,  Swanbister.  Orphir,  on  the  mainland,  con- 
tributed notes  to  the  Report  for  1876  of  the  Botanical 
Exchange  Club,  on  specimens  collected  by  him  at 
that  station  in  .\ugust,  1S75.  He  then  considered 
sterilis  to  be  a  hybrid'between  C.  fulva  and  C.  flava, 
both  of  which  he  found  growing  in  the  same  marsh 
with  it.  Now  however,  he  is  of  opinion  that  sterilis 
is  a  sterile  form  of  C.  fulva,  though  it  is  just  possible 
that  it  may  be  a  hybrid  between  C.  fulva  and  C. 
flava,  but  it  is  certainly  very  much  nearer  to  the  C. 
fulva.  Since  Dr.  Boswell's  discovery  of  this  interest- 
ing plant  at  Piggar,  it  has  been  found  at  three  other 
stations  in  Orkney,  viz.,  Navers  Dale,  Orphir,  on  the 
mainland,  by  Mr.  W.  Irvine  Foitescue  ;  near  South 
Dam,  in  Hoy,  on  August  20,  1SS5,  by  Mr.  Fortescue, 
in  company  with  Dr.  Johnston  ;  and  near  North  Dam, 
in  Hoy,  on  August  9,  1S86  by  the  Rev.  W.  R, 
Ginton,  in  company  with  Dr.  Johnston. 

Report  for  November,  1S86,  of  the  Botanic 
Garden,  Edinburgh. 
The  past  month  of  November  has  been  very  mild 
and  dry  generally.  Seldom  have  we  had  so  little 
frost  to  record,  for  the  time  of  year  and  throughout, 
the  month  has  been  most  favourable  for  all  outdoor 
gardening  work.  The  thermometer  was  at  or  below 
the  freezing  point  on  ten  mornings,  indicating  collec- 
tively 17°  of  frost  as  against  65°  for  the  corresponding 
month  last  year.  The  lowest  readings  occurred  on 
the  iSlh,  when  the  glass  registered  30°  ;  19th,  30° ; 
2Ist,  30°  ;  22d,  26°  ;  26th,  30°.  The  highest 
morning  readings  were  on  the  ist,  45° ;  2d,  45° ;  3d, 


50°  ;  I5lh,  48° ;  24th,  48°.  Rain  fell  on  ten  days, 
and  the  prevailing  winds  were  westerly.  During  the 
first  week  of  the  month  severe  storms  of  wind  took 
place,  which  cleared  off  with  but  few  exceptions,  any 
leaves  that  still  remained  on  deciduous  trees.  Many 
autumn  flowering  plants  and  annuals  have  had  their 
flowering  season  prolonged  to  an  extent  quite 
unprecedented.  At  the  end  of  the  month  large 
numbers  were  still  in  blossom.  Early  spring  bulbs, 
such  as  Snowdrops,  Scillas,  Narcissi,  and  others,  are 
already  pushing  through  the  soil,  showing  that  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  growth  h.is  taken  place.  Amongst 
the  finest  plants  in  flower  out-of-doors  during  the 
month  were  Primula  capitala.  very  dark  seedling 
forms  ;  Christmas  Roses  of  dilTerent  kinds,  Chrysan- 
themums, and  Jasminum  nudiflorura. 

For  the  handsome  varieties  of  Primula  capitata  we 
are  indebted  to  Dr.  King,  of  Calcutta,  one  of  the 
local  secretaries  of  the  Society,  who,  in  December 
last,  sent  to  the  garden  a  valuable  collection  of  rare 
Indian  Primrose  seeds.  Many  of  the  species  are 
entirely  new  to  European  gardens.  The  seeds  were 
gathered  in  high  elevations  of  the  Sikkim  Himalayas. 
Nearly  all  the  kinds  have  germinated  and  grown  well 
at  the  girden,  a  few  have  already  flowered,  but  we 
may  expect  to  see  them  in  greater  perfection  next 
spring.  The  most  conspicuous  shrubs  in  fruit  were 
the  various  Hollies,  Cotoneasters,  Euonymus,  and 
Snowberries. 

The  following  plants  came  into  flower  on  the  rock 
garden  during  November,  viz.  :  —  Aster  Reevesii, 
Eucomis  punctata,  Gynerium  argenteum,  Helleborus 
olympicus,  H,  0,  albus,  and  H.  purpurascens  variety. 
R,  Lindsay. 

Report  for  November,  1886,  of  the  Glasgow 
Botanic  Garden. 

The  thermometer  has  been  at  or  below  the  freezing 
point  eleven  times  during  the  month,  the  lowest  tern- 
p'^rature  registered  being  27°,  or  5°  of  frost,  during 
the  night  of  the  25th.  The  lowest  day  readings  was 
39°  on  the  7th,  and  40'  on  the  15th  and  30th  respec- 
tively. The  highest  was  53',  on  on  the  20th.  Total 
frost  recorded  was  only  27'. 

Excepting  the  last  few  days,  the  weather  has  been 
tine  for  the  month,  and  closes  one  of  the  mildest 
autumns  of  which  I  have  any  record. 

A  considerable  quantity  of  green  foliage  still  hangs 
on  several  species  of  Cratsgus,  and  many  other  de- 
ciduous trees  have  retained  their  leaves  much  longer 
than  is  usual,  the  young  wood  being  as  a  consequence 
imperfectly  matured. 

In  a  nursery  near  here  I  saw  a  few  fully  developed 
Dahlia  blooms  on  the  24th,  and  numbers  of  bedding 
Pelargoniums  to  all  appearance  very  little  injured. 
Various  bloom;  of  Polyanthus,  double  Daisy,  and 
Wallflowers  have  made  a  premature  appearance.  R. 
Biiller. 


ON  THE  FLORA  OF   ICELAND. 

Notwithstanding  that  the  Icelandic  flora  is 
very  poor,  and  most  of  the  plants  develope  not 
before  the  month  of  May  or  June,  to  be  stopped 
again  in  their  growth  already  in  September,  the  vege- 
tation is  as  luxuriant  and  rapid  (in  sheltered  localities) 
as  in  other  more  southern  countries,  but  the  spring 
storms — occurring  here  so  very  often  and  accompanied 
by  severe  cold — are  very  disadvantageous  to  all  plants 
in  their  first  period  of  development  ;  this  is  also 
the  cause  of  the  dwarf  appearance  of  all  Icelandic 
species  when  they  are  not  protected  from  the  winds  ; 
vegetation  is  possible  only  for  a  few  months,  and  when 
the  summers  are  unfavourable  it  is  almost  at  zero. 

The  flora  of  North  and  South  Iceland  is  about  the 
same  in  character,  which  is  very  remarkable,  con- 
sidering the  great  difference  in  mean  temperature. 
Even  the  mountain  flora  presents  no  difference  with 
that  of  the  lowlands. 

Compared  with  former  times  the  vegetation  of  the 
Island  has  decreased  ;  it  is  known  that  the  first  settlers 
were  obliged  to  cut  a  way  through  the  Birch  forests 
with  the  axe  ;  the  masses  of  bogwood  dug  up  every- 
where in  the  present  time  confirm  the  truth  of  these 
assertions ;  but  the  cause  of  this  decrease  of  vege- 
tation is  not  a  change  of  climate  or  volcanic  eruption, 
but  simply  the  destruction  of  the  trees  by  the  natives 
themselves  when  using  them  as  fuel  or  for  other 
domestic  purposes.  A  very  good  example  of  this 
destruction  is  the  forest  Halskogur  in  the  Pryoshallalur. 
This  was  very  extensive  in  the  year  1752,  but  wholly 
cut  down  in  1S14  ;  in  1S74  it  was  again  of  a  con- 
siderable size  ;  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Birch  forests, 
or  bushes,  as  they  may  be  called,  is  the  Nupstadors- 
kogur,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  Vatna  Jokull  ;  but 
the  largest  of  all  is  the  Hallormsshadarskogur, 
on  the  river  Lagarfljot ;  many  birds  animate  the 
scene  in  these  bushes,  so  that  it  differs  greatly  from 


the  desolate  and  melancholy  appearance  of  the 
lava  fields  that  cover  so  large  a  part  of  the  area  of  the 
island.  Some  of  the  trees  reach  10  or  15  feet  in 
height,  but  these  are  exceptions. 

S3rbus  aucuparia,  L. ,  is  another  plant  that  reaches 
in  some  places  to  15  or  more  feet.  At  Akureyri,  under 
65°  40'  N.  latitude,  there  is  a  specimen  of  25  feet, 
but  it  is  protected  by  a  wall  ;  at  some  distance  from 
this  place  there  is  also  a  Birch  bush,  where  the  trees 
are  as  large  as  common  Hazel-nut  plants.  Some 
Birches  (Betula  intermedia.  Thorn.)  in  the  northern 
pattj  reach  also  20  feet  in  height.  In  the  vicinity  of 
llavamore  there  is  a  small  lake  with  a  grassy  island  in 
it  ;  on  this  latter  there  is  found  a  specimen  of  the 
Scotch  Fit  (Pinus  sylvestris,  L. ),  the  only  one  in 
Iceland. 

Now  we  will  treat  the  flora  more  in  detail.  The 
arctic  regions  of  Russia  and  Norway  are  relatively 
rich  in  species  of  plants  compared  with  Iceland  ;  this 
must  be  ascribed,  in  the  first  place,  to  their  warmer 
summers.  It  would  be  diflicult  to  find  any  other 
country  on  the  globe  of  the  same  area,  producing  so 
few  species  of  plants  as  Iceland.  Notwithstanding 
this  there  are  many  plants  to  be  found  that  would 
interest  the  botanist,  as  Azalea  procumbens,  L  ;  Car- 
damine  hastulata,  Sm.  ;  Rubus  saxitilis,  L  ;  Ecigeton 
alpinum,  L.  ;  Saxifraga  nivalis,  L.  ;  S.  rivulatis, 
L.  ;  S.  cernua,  L  ;  and  S.  oppositifolia,  L  ;  Silene 
acaulis,  L. ;  Veronica  alpina,  L.,  and  V.  fruticulosa, 
L.,  all  found  on  the  continent,  but  on  the  highest 
mountain  peaks,  while  in  Iceland  they  are  to  be  seen 
in  lowlands,  near  the  coast. 

Shore-plants,  as  for  instance ;  Silene  maritima, 
With.  ;  Lathyrus  maritimus,  Bigelow  ;  and  Elymus 
arenarius,  L.,  are  seen  many  miles  from  the  coast,  in 
ths  interior,  which  is  only  to  be  explained  by  the  sea 
climate  and  the  complete  insularity  of  Iceland. 

Of  344  Icelandic  species  123  are  not  found  in 
Greenland,  but  all  plants  found  on  the  island  are 
also  indigenous  to  Scandinavia,  with  the  exception  of 
only  five  species  :  —  Pleurogyne  rotata,  Griseb.  ; 
Epilobium  latifolium,  L.  ;  Platanthera  hyperborea, 
Ldl.  ;  Glyceria  arctica.  Hook.,  vat.  laxa,  Lange  ;  and 
Alchemilla  conjuncta,  Bab.  The  four  first-named 
plants  are  also  found  in  Greenland,  but  the  fifth  must 
be  regarded  as  naturalised  from  Europe. 

The  only  species  found  on  the  lava  plateau  in  the 
north  (the  Hraun)  is  Silene  acaulis,  L. 

Oa  a  height  of  4140  feet  above  the  sea  level  the 
following  plants  were  gathered  :— Empetrum  nigrum, 
L.  ;  Silene  maritima.  With.  ;  Viscaria  alpina,  Djn; 
Cerastium  alpinum,  L.  ;  Arabis  petrsea,  Cttz.  ; 
Arabis  alpina,  L.  ;  Saxifraga  oppositifolia,  L.  ; 
S.  rivularis,  L.  ;  and  S.  decipiens,  Ehrh. ;  Thymus 
serpyllum,  L  ;  Achillea  Millefolium,  L.  ;  Salix 
glauca,  L.  ;  S.  herbacea,  L. ;  Carex  incurva,  L  ; 
Elymus  arenarius,  L.  ;  Poa  alpina,  L.  ;  P.  cae  ia, 
Son.  ;  Festuca  ovina,  L.  ;  Juniperus  alpina,  L.  ; 
Equisetum  variegatum,  Schleich. ,  &c. ;  so  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  fix  a  snow-line  on  this  island — the  plants 
growing  on  the  mountains  and  in  the  lowlands  are 
the  same  species. 

Lindsay  has  found  that  out  of  426  plants  indigenous 
to  Iceland  only  seventy-two  specias  are  not  to  be 
seen  in  the  British  flora,  while  Babington  mentions 
out  of  433  species  sixty-two  as  not  British.  This 
proves  the  near  relation  between  both  floras.  Very 
rare  Scotch  mountain  plants,  as  Silene  acaulis,  L  , 
and  Lychnis  alpina,  L.,  are  found  in  Iceland  in  the 
lowlands,  and  are  the  commonest  of  the  whole  flora. 

Cardamine  hirsuta,  L. ,  and  Capsella  Bursa 
pastoris,  Mnch.,  reach  only  to  i  or  2  inches  ;  Caltha 
pilustris,  L.,  and  Silene  Armeria,  L.,  are  mostly  seen 
in  morasses ;  Alchemilla  alpina,  L.  ;  A.  vulgaris, 
L.  ;  Rhodiola  rosea,  L.  ;  Saxifraga  aizoides,  L.  ; 
Silene  acaulis,  L.  ;  Dryas  octopetala,  L.  ;  Empetrum 
nigrum,  L.  ;  Calluna  vulgaris,  Sal.  ;  Vaccinium 
Myrtillus,  L.  ;  V.  uliginosum,  and  V.  Vitis-idsa, 
L  ,  are  all  found  on  the  mountains  as  well  as  on  the 
shores. 

Arctostaphylos  Uva  ursi,L.,  and  some  dwarf  Willows 
covet  the  mountain  plateau  in  the  north,  but  every- 
where the  flowers  of  Silene  acaulis,  L. ,  are  seen 
through  the  branches  of  the  shrubs  just  named. 

The  most  striking  contrast  with  the  uniform  brown 
colour  of  the  surrounding  desert  presents  the  vegeta- 
tion near  the  hot  springs.  Near  those  of  Laugaroes, 
Poa  annua,  L.,  and  Stellaria  media,  Vill.,  were  found 
with  their  roots  in  the  hot  water,  the  first  in  a 
vigorous  state,  but  the  latter  dwarfish  and  of  a  yellow 
colour.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  springs  there  were 
seen  the  most  common  weeds  in  a  very  luxuriant 


794 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 


[December  i8,  1886. 


growth.     The  same  vigorous  vegetation  was  observed 
by  Hooker  near  the  hot  springs  of  India. 

Only  three  decidedly  arctic  species  are  found  on 
the  island,  viz.,  Gentiana  detonsa,  Rtz.;  Pleurogyne 
rotata,  Gris. ;  and  Epilobium  latifolium,  L. 

Remarkable  is  the  fact  observed  by  Dr.  Keilhack 
on  an  ascent  of  a  glacier  in  the  southern  part  of  Ice- 
land, that  many  arctic  plants,  as  Erigeron  alpinum, 
L.;  Saxifraga  decipiens,  Ehrh.,  &c.,  were  found  in  a 
more  luxuriant  state  on  the  mountains  and  near  the 
ice  of  the  glaciers  than  in  the  lowlands,  notwithstand- 
ing the  higher  temperature  of  the  lower  regions.  In 
the  first  case  they  flowered  many  weeks  earlier  than 
in  the  latter. 

The  vegetation  on  the  lava  fields  depends  on  the 
age  of  this  stone,  and  also  on  the  place  where  it  is 
situated.  When  old  lava  lays  in  a  sheltered  situa- 
tion and  near  brooks  or  small  rivers  then  there  are 
many  plants  that  will  vegetate  on  it.  Even  Willows 
are  sometimes  found  in  such  places,  but  on  lava  of 
recent  date  not  a  trace  of  vegetation  is  to  be  found. 

When  the  plants  commence  to  flower  they  follow 
each  other  in  rapid  succession. 

The  following  short  remarks  about  some  species 
may  follow  here  : — 

Rosa  hibernica,  Hook.,  is  found  in  Iceland,  but 
very  rarely  in  Sower. 

Dryas  ootopetala,  L.;  .Statice  armeria,  L.;  and 
Silene  acaulis,  L.,  are  seen  almost  everywhere. 

Pyrus  domestica,  L.,  is  found  in  a  few  places. 
Mackenzie  has  seen  some  specimens  reaching  8  feet 
in  height. 

Betula  alba,  L. ,  and  B.  nana,  L.,  form  the 
"  forests  "  or  bushes  on  the  island. 

Carices  are  very  plentiful,  the  soil  being  for  a  great 
deal  morass. 

Between  the  moss  many  species  of  Saxifraga  occur. 
Callitriche  hamulata,  Kii:z;  Myosotis  alpestris,  K.; 
Rumex  crispus,  L.  ;  Salix  lapponica,  L.,  and 
Koeleria  cristata,  Pers.,  are  also  Icelandic  species. 

Calluna  vulgaris,  Sal.,  the  common  Heath  species, 
is  the  first  plant  growing  on  the  lava. 

The  splendid  yellow  flowers  of  Papaver  nudicaule, 
L.,  are  mostly  seen  on  the  lava  or  lava-sand, 

Bellis  perennis,  L.,  was  found  in  two  places — in 
the  Shagafjord  and  Eyatjord. 

Vicia  angustifolia.  Roth,  also  in  two  places. 

V.  sativa,  L.,  outside  Reikiavik  (naturalised). 

Sanguisorba  officinalis,  L.,  was  seen  in  one  place. 

Spiraea  Ulmaria,  L. ,  in  four  places. 

Tussilago  Farfara,  L.,  was  found  only  once  in  the 
Eyafjord. 

Glaux  maritima,  L  ,  and  Polygonum  Persicaria,  L., 
were  also  seen  only  once. 

Pisum  arvense,  L  ,  near  Eyarbakki,  South  Iceland. 

Poa  annua,  L.,  was  discovered  on  Grimsey  Island, 
but  only  once, 

Epilobium  angustifolium,  L.,  forms  a  beautiful  red 
carpet  on  the  sides  of  brooks  and  small  rivers. 

Ranunculus  glacialis,  L.,  occurs  only  on  the  steep 
ascents  of  the  mountains,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  deep 
snow, 

R.  acris,  L.,  was  found  in  the  Eskifjord. 

Cochleatia  officinalis,  L  ;  Saxifraga  hypnoides,  L.; 
Silene  maritima.  With.;  and  species  of  Cerastium, 
are  mostly  found  on  a  black  sandy  soil,  and  on  hills. 

The  following  dates  of  the  opening  of  the  fust 
flower  were  noted  near  Reikiavik  : — 

Alchemilla  vulgaris,  L.,  April  2S,  1873. 

Erapetrum  nigrum,  L.,  May  16,  1S74. 

Silene  maritima.  With.,  June  6,  1S73  ;  June  12, 
1874;  June  8,  1S75. 

Armeria  maritima,  W.,  May  8,  1S73;  May  6, 
1874. 

Salvia  herbacea,  L.,  May  6,  1873. 

Pinguicula  vulgaris,  L.,  May  25,  1S74 ;  May  18, 
1875,  M.  Btiynnans. 

(To  Ic  cciitinued.) 


STATE  OF  THE  WEATHER  AT  BL.ICKHEATH,  LONDOli, 
Fob  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  December  is,  iSK. 


A  TRIAL  of  some  importance  took  place  on  Wed- 
nesday last,  in  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  before 
Mr.  Justice  Manisty  and  a  special  jaty—Watkins 
&•  Sim/sDii  v.  y.  Roliinson.  The  plaintiffs,  wholesale 
seedsmen  in  Exeter  Street,  Strand,  sued  the  defendant 
to  recover  a  debt ;  this  elicited  a  counter-claim  from 
the  defendant  for  damages  alleged  to  have  been  caused 
by  the  inferior  quality  of  Cauliflower  seed  supplied  by 
the  plaintiffs  in  1SS3.  The  case  was  settled  on  the 
terms  of  the  sale  clause  which  plaintiffs  printed  on 
all  their  invoices,  coupled  with  the  fact,  as  found  by 
the  jury,  that  the  plaintiffs  did  not,  at  the  time  of 
sale,  give  a  warranty  with  the  seed.  Judgment  was 
given  for  the  plaintiffs. 


Hygrome. 
tncal    De- 

3 

Barometer. 

Te.mperati're  of 

ductioDs 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  5th 

Edition. 

Wind 

J 

< 

1 

Ml 

1 

1 

i|!i 

1 

J 

i 

1   . 

So 

1 

i 

IB 

1 

^ 

Dec. 

In.       In. 

„ 

^ 

, 

„ 

In. 

9 

28.42.-1,3644.5 

38.0 

6.5 

42.2 

-t-  i.o  37.1 

83 

N.W. 

0.06 

10 

2908—0.7145.5 

33  5 

9.0 

38.3 

—  2  7  33  4 

Sj 

N.W. 

" 

2924-05350.533.5 

■so 

45  0 

+  .4.244.1 

97 

S.W. 

0.06 

" 

29.21  —0.5846.241.3 

50 

43.3 

-  2.635.7 

7S 

W. 

o.co 

■3 

29-50  —0.3046.0  40.8 

5.2 

43-4 

-1-  2.841. 8 

95 

\ar. 

0.00 

'* 

39.28  ,—0.53  47.0  38.5 

8.5 

43-5 

f  3.840.2 

88 

S.E. 

0  30 

■S 

29.03  — 0.79  46.OJ30.O 

7.0 

43-3 

+  3,641.1 

9> 

Var. 

0.33 

8.9 

42-7 

88 

Mean 

29.11   —0.6546.1 

38.. 

+  l.9  39.> 

Var. 

0.64 

9.— Wei  and  dull  till  g  A.M.,  then  fine  and  briglit.  Dull 
afternoon. 

10.-  Slight  snow  fell  in  early  morning,  fine  and  briglit 
day  afterwards. 

II.— Wet  morning.     Fine  but  dull  afternoon. 

12. — Fine  and  bright  generally. 

13. — At  times  dull.  Showery  morning.  Fine  and  over- 
cast afternoon. 

i4.--Wet  and  overcast  all  day.     Wet  night. 

15. — Showery  in  the  morning;  at  times  bright,  but 
generally  dull  and  ove-cast  afternoon. 


London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure.  —  During  the 
week  ending  December  II,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  increased  from  29.87 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29  99  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  sth,  decieased  to  29  52  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  7th,  increased  to  29  62  inches  by 
the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  decreased  to  28. 33 
inches  by  9  p.m.  on  the  Sth  (a  point  lower  than  any 
since  1S43,  January  13,  when  the  reading  here  was 
28.27  inches),  and  was  29.43  inches  at  the  end  of  the 
week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.03  inches,  being 
0.63  inch  lower^than  last  week,  and  0.65  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature.— IVz  highest'  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  54°  on  the  6th  ;  the  highest  on 
the  5  th  was  41°.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day 
temperatures  was  46°.!, 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  29°  on  the  Sth;  the 
lowest  on  the  6th  was  49°.  The  mean  of  the  seven 
low  night  temperatures  was  37°.  5. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
15°,  on  the  nth  ;  the  smallest  was  2°  on  the  7th. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  8°.6. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were  36^.5  on  the 
5th,  si".;  on  the  6th,  4i°.7  on  the  7th,  42°.6  on  the 
Sth,  42°.2  on  the  9th,  38°.3  on  the  loth,  and  45°  on 
the  nth.  These  were  all  above  their  averages  with 
the  exception  of  the  5th  and  loth,  which  were  6°.i 
and  2°.7  below,  by  9°.9,  o°,2,  i°,2,  i°.o,  and  4°.a 
respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  42°.4, 
being  5°.2  higher  than  last  week,  and  1°.  i  above  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
ened bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  72°  on  the  Sth.  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  63°.  4. 

Rain, — Rain  fell  on  five  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.71  inch. 

England  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing December  II,  the  highest  temperatures  were  55° 
at  Truro,  54°.6  at  Nottingham,  and  54°  at  Plymouth 
and  Blackheath  ;  the  highest  at  Sunderland  was  46°, 
at  Newcastle  48°,  and  at  Preston  49°.  The  general 
mean  was  51°.  8. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  were  at  Hull  28°,  at 
Nottingham  28°.  i  and  at  Blackheath  29°;  the  lowest 
at  '.Liverpool  was  3S°.4,  at  Newcastle  35°,  and  at 
Plymouth  34°,    The  general  mean  was  3i°.S. 


The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Not- 
tingham 26°5,  at  Blackheath  25° ;  and  at  Wolver- 
hampton 23^.6 ;  the  least  ranges  were  at  New- 
castle 13°,  at  Sunderland  14',  and  at  Preston  18°. 
The  general  mean  was  20°.3. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  5i.°9,  at  Plymouth  50'. 8,  and  at 
Bristol  4S°.9  ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle,  4I°.S,  at 
Sunderland  42°.8,  and  at  Preston  44°.3.  The  general 
mean  was  46°.  5. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  38°.  3,  at  Plymouth  38°.  i,  and  at 
Blackheath  37°.  5  ;  and  lowest  at  Wolverhampton, 
32°.  5,  at  Hull,  33°,  and  at  Sunderland  33°.  8.  The 
general  mean  was  35°.  8. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  greatest  at 
Truro,  I3''.6,  at  Wolverhampton  12*'.9,  and  at  Notting- 
nam  I2°.8  ;  and  least  at  Newcastle,  5°.$,  at  Black- 
heath 8°.  6,  and  at  Preston  8°.  7.  The  general  mean 
was  io°.7. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  45°, 
at  Plymouth  44°.3,  and  at  Bristol  42'^.7  ;  and  lowest 
at  Sunderland,  38°.  2,  at  Newcastle,  38°.  6,  and  at 
Wolverhampton  38°. 8.     The  general  mean  was  41°. 

Rain. — The  largest  falls  were  2. 16  inch  at  Sheffield, 
1.83  inch  at  Liverpool,  and  1.60  inch  at  Preston  ; 
the  smallest  falls  were  0.64  inch  at  Newcastle. 
0.71  inch  at  Blackheath,  and  0.88  inch  at  Notting- 
ham.    The  general  mean  fall  was  1.30  inch, 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing December  II,  the  highest  temperature  was  53°.  I 
at  Glasgow  ;  the  highest  at  Aberdeen  was  43°.2.  The 
general  mean  was  50°.  8. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  28,  at  Greenock  and 
Perth ;  the  lowest  at  Glasgow  and  Paisley  was  33°. 
The  general  mean  was  30°.  2. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Glasgow, 
40°;  and  lowest  at  Aberdeen,  36°.  7.  The  general 
mean  was  38°.  7. 

Rain, — The  largest  fall  was  2.32  inches,  at  Green- 
ock ;  and  smallest  at  Dundee  0.70  inch.  The  general 
mean  fall  was  1.19  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


Summary  of  Temperature,  Rainfall,  and 
Duration  of  Bright  Sunshine  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  for  ag  ricultural  and  sanitary  purposes,  for 
the  week  ending  Monday,  December  13,  1886,  issued 
by  the  Meteorological  Office,  116,  Victoria  Street, 
London,  S.W.  The  weather  has  been  in  an  ex- 
tremely rough  and  unsettled  condition  over  the  whole 
kingdom.  Heavy  falls  of  rain  occurred  very  gene- 
rally, while  at  all  our  more  northern  stations  showers 
of  hail  or  sleet  were  also  frequent.  Over  the  southern 
parts  of  England  some  thunder  and  lightning  were 
experienced.  In  the  metropolis  and  its  neighbour 
hood  the  thunderstorm  (at  9  a.m.  on  Wednesday)  was 
accompanied  by  a  severe  hailstorm. 

The  temperature  has  ranged  from  1°  to  3°  below  the 
mean  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  and  has  been  about 
equal  to  it  over  the  north  of  England,  but  in  all 
the  other  English  districts  it  has  been  2°  or  3° 
above  the  normal  value.  The  highest  of  the  maxima, 
which  were  recorded  on  different  dates  in  the  various 
parts  of  rhe  kingdom,  ranged  from  43°  in  "  Scotland, 
N.,"  to  54°  in  "England,  S."  The  lowest  of  the 
minima,  which  were  also  registered  on  irregular  dates, 
varied  between  24°  and  27°  in  Ireland,  25°  and  29°  in 
Scotland,  and  27°  and  31°  in  England.  In  the 
Channel  Islands  the  lowest  reading  was  33'. 

The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in  all 
districts.  In  most  localities  the  excess  has  been  con- 
siderable, but  especially  so  in  "  Ireland,  S." 

Bright  sunshine  has  been  very  little  prevalent,  the 
percentages  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration 
ranging  from  32  in  "England,  N.E.,"  to  17  in 
"  Ireland,  N.,"  and  to  only  2  in  "Scotland,  W." 

Depressions  observed, — Soon  after  the  commence- 
ment of  this  period  an  abnormally  deep  depression 
approached  our  western  coasts  from  the  Atlantic,  and 
after  travelling  eastwards  to  the  North  of  England, 
moved  slowly  in  a  north-easterly  direction  to  Scandi- 
navia, and  became  much  less  deep.  The  gales  caused 
by  this  disturbance  over  our  Islands  and  the  greater 
part  of  France  were  exceedingly  violent,  both  in  the 
front  and  the  rear  of  the  cenire,  and  prevailed,  with 
scarcely  any  intermission,  from  late  on  the  7th  till  the 
evening  of  the  9th.  By  the  12th  the  disturbance  had 
apparently  filled  up  over  Scandinavia,  but  another 
depression,  which  subsequently  moved  eastwards,  had 
been  developed  over  the  North  Sea,  causing  moderate 


t 


December  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS     CHRONICLE, 


795 


to  strong  westerly  gales  on  the  more  southern  parts  of 
England  and  in  the  Channel.  At  the  end  ol  the 
period  a  depression  appeared  off  our  south-west  coasts 
and  the  wind  in  most  parts  of  our  islands  shifted  to 
the  eastward,  and  blew  freshly  or  strongly. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

TO  THE  TRADE. -Memhera  of  the  Trade  will 
oblige  by  sending  notes  of  matters  of  Trade 
interest,  Cultural  or  Commercial.  Short  notes  of 
daily  experience  are  what  are  most  useful. 


Azalea  :  F.  T.  M.  We  do  not  see  any  evidence  of 
iouliplay.  The  foliage  has  been  much  infested  with 
ihrips.  and  the  appearance  of  the  leaves  may  be  due 
to  over-fumigation  and  bad  management. 

Books  :  J.  F.  O'B.  It  very  much  depends  for  what 
purpose  you  require  them.  Both  are  good  in  their 
way.  If  you  know  nothing  of  the  subject  already  take 
the  Primer  first.  The  other  is  an  extended  vocabu- 
lary.    We  believe  your  question  was  answered  before. 

BouvARDiy\s  AND  LtLY  OF  THE  Valley  :  A.  B.  The 
first-named,  if  the  plants  have  been  suitably  prepared 
in  the  early  autumn,  will  expand  their  blooms  well  in 
the  temperature  of  an  intermediate-house— that  is,  in 
a  temperature  of  from  45°  to  50°  Fahr.  at  night,  with 
a  rise  of  from  15''  to  20'  Falir,  in  the  daytime.  The 
Bouvardia  will  stand  more  heat  than  that  indicated, 
but  at  the  expense  ot  less  endurance  in  the  flowers. 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  after  sinking  the  pots  containing 
the  germs  to  the  rims  in  cocoa-fibre  or  moss,  after- 
wards covering  with  moss  to  the  depth  of  3  inches, 
may  at  once  be  treated  to  a  bottom-heat  of  90*  to  95'^ 
Fahr.,  never  allowing  any  variation.  In  two  or  three 
weeks  the  plants  will  have  grown  a  few  inches,  and 
the  flowers  will  have  made  their  appearance.  After 
gradually  exposing  them  to  light  for  a  day  or  two, 
they  may  be  removed  from  the  bottom-heat,  and 
placed  where  they  get  plenty  of  light.  From  Fetiruary 
onwards  a  bottom-heat  not  exceeding  90°  may  be  em- 
ployed, and  still  less  than  that,  as  the  natural  bloom- 
ing period  approaches. 
Chrysanthemum  Sport  from  C.  Fjlton  :  y.  L. 
The  colours  are  rich,  and  although  the  form  of  the 
flowers  sent  is  not  very  full  of  florets,  we  think  there 
is  the  making  of  a  good  flower  in  it. 

Correction  :  Certificated  L.elia  anceps  vir- 
GINALIS  ("Plants  Certificated  by  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,"  p.  7150)  :  F.  A.  P.  The  Certificate 
lor  this  plant  was  awarded  to  F.  A.  Philbrick,  Esq,, 
Q.C..  Oldfield,  |Bickley,  and  not  to  Mr.  H.  Heims, 
his  gardener, 

Cypripedium  insicne  :  F,  S.  It  is  not  common  for 
this  plant  to  produce  two  flowers  on  one  spike,  but  it 
does  occasionally  do  so. 

Diseased  Plants  ;  S.  Daniel.  Your  Pears  are  affected 
by  the  disease  figured  in  our  columns,  p.  69r,  vol. 
xxiv.,  1885.  The  bulbs,  as  you  suppose,  are  attacked 
by  the  Eucharis  mite, 

EuciiARis  :  T.  M.  S.  Your  "  double  "  Eucharis  is  not 
double  in  the  ordinary  acceptation  of  the  term.  The 
peculiarity  arises  from  the  union  of  two  flowers. 

Extent  and  Value  of  Fkuit  and  Vegetables 
Sold  in  Covent  Garden  Market:  A  Scandi- 
navia/i.     We  cannot  answer  your  enquiry, 

Fi;ngus  under  Beech  Trees:  y.  A.,  Amj.thili, 
Xylaria  polymorpha. 

Hard  Water  for  Plants  :  T.  C.  Such  hard  water 
as  you  are  obliged  to  use  is  bad  both  for  the  roots  and 
foliage  of  plants.  Can  you  not  get  enough  for  several 
days'  use  put  into  an  open-air  cistern,  where  by  allow- 
ing it  to  stand  for  a  day  or  two  the  matters  held  in 
solution  would  fall  to  the  bottom?  It  would  then,  if 
drawn  off  quickly,  be  more  fit  for  watering  plants. 

Insects  :  /.  M.  The  insects  found  on  the  Savoy  Cabbage 
are  the  larvae  of  one  of  the  species  of  aphis-feeding 
Diptera  (Syrphus  sp.).  A  O.   W. 

Largest  Mangel,  &c.  :  C.  D.  We  have  no  record 
of  matters  which  are  not  of  horticultural  interest.  Ask 
one  of  the  agricultural  papers. 

Names  of  Fruits:  Heioitt  b'  Ca.  Apple.-  Golden 
Reinette. — Hants :  i,  Beurt6  Ranee  ;  2.  Passe  Colmar  ; 
3  and  4,  rotten. — T.  Clark.  Pear:  Vicar  of  Wink- 
field.  Apples  :  6,  3  I,  32,  34,  Blenheim  Orange  ;  10, 
King  ol  the  Pippins  ;  30,  Hollandbury  ;  17,  Dume- 
low's  SeedUng  ;  7,  Reinette  du  Canada. 

Names  of  Plants  :  A.  M.  A  species  of  Casuarina. 
—  7".  K.  Spirsea  prunifoha.  —B.  H.  Berberis  Wal- 
lichiana. —  IV.  H.  We  cannot  undertake  to  name 
plants  from  leaves  only. 

Onions  :  B.  The  great  secret  is  to  have  well  matured 
bulbs,  and  to  keep  them  as  dry  as  possible  and  in  as 
uniform  temperature  as  possible. 

Papers  Read  at  the  Potato  Tercentenary  : 
S.  R.  These  are  not  as  yet  published,  nor  do  we 
know  when  they  will  be. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Robert  Cooper,  90,  Southwark  Street,  London,  E.C. 

— Wholesale  Seed  Catalogue. 
Waite,  Nash  &  Co.,  79,  Southwark  Street,  London, 

S.E.— Wholesale  Seed  Catalogue, 


Charles  Sharpr  &  Co.,  Sleaford— Trade  Seed  List. 
Hooper  &  Co. ,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. — Oats, 

Barley,  Rye,  and  Wheat. 
J.  R,  Pearson  &  Sons,  2,  Exchange  Row,  Nottingham 

—Garden  Seeds. 
Jamf.s  Carter   &  Co.,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn, 

London,  W.C— Seeds. 
R,  HoLLiDAY,  "  Pheasantry,"  Beaufort  Street,  Chelsea, 

S.W— Iron  and  Wire  Works, 
F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,    Upton   Nurseries,  Chester 

— Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds. 
Nutting    &    Sons,    106,    Southwark  Street,   London, 

S.E.— Wholesale  Seed  List. 


r<mMu.vic.A.TiONS  Received.  —  Lucieii  Linden  (felicitations 
empress<ies).—H.  T.,  Ceylon.— J.  M.  M.— D.  D.— G.  M.- 
Arthur Sutton  (letter  will  follow).— J.  P.  C.  Brace.  Les  Vaux 
(many  thanks).- W.  G.  S.— A.  Franchet,  Paris.— i^  Monih-iir 
d'JIortu-ulture~}o\m  Moody  (next  week).— Theodore  Wood 
(with  thanks).— J.  Hawes  f a  figure  will  shortly  be  given).— 
J  C.  S:Co.— G.  T.  W.— W.  W.-J.  O' B.  -  J.  B.— E.  M.— 
H.  L.  (ne.\t  week).— F.  &  A.D.  &  S. 


COVENT   GARDEN,    December    16. 

Large  quantities  of  goods  have  been  cleared  in  our 
market  during  the  past  week,  but  prices  generally  have 
been  scarcely  maintained.  Grapes  especially  feeling  the 
depressing  influence.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple 
Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  5^-sieve  ..  16-31 
—  Nova  Scotia,  brl.  8  0-12  1 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ..  i  o-  2  I 
Kent  Cobs,  100  lb.  ..65  o  70  1 


Lemons,  per  case  ..12  0-21  1 
Pears,  per  dozen  ..  2  o-  4  < 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  i  o-  i  ( 
—  Sl  Michael,  each  1  6-  6  < 


Vegetables. — Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  4 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ..    i 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20     ^  punn 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  o  "   ' 

Carrots,  per  buncli . .  o 
Cauliflowers,  perdoz.  3 
Celery,  per  bundle..  1 
Cucumbers,  each  . ,  o 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  i 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  o 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  o 
Lettuce,  per  dozen. .  i 
Potatos  ;—  Kent  Regents,  8oj.  to  1 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  looi.  ;  Magnu 


i,  per  bushel..  3  ( 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  i 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ..4  c 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  c 
Shallots, per  pound.,  o  ; 
Spinach,  per  bushel  5  ( 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ..  i  c 
Turnips,  bunch        ..   o  . 


.  ;  Schoolmasters, 
60^.  to  80J.  per  toi 

Plants  in  Pots. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-i3  i 
Arum  Lilies,  dozen..  i3  0-24  < 
Azaleas,  per  dozen  . .  24  0-42  < 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  c 
Bouvardias,  doz,  ..  g  0-12  t 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  0-18  c 
Cyclamens,  dozen  ..la  0-24  c 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  c 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  . .         . .  30  0-60  c 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  c 
Epiphyllum.  dozen..  18  0-30  c 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...    9  0-12  c 

—  hycmalls,  doz.  ..la  0-24  c 

—  r«germinans,doz.  8  &-12  c 

—  various,  dozen..  9  0-24  c 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..         ..  6  0-18  c 


Evergreens,    in  var., 

I  Ficus  elastica  each.. 
'  Ferns,  in  var..  dozen  . 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

I  Marguerite  Daisy, 
I  per  dozen  ..  ..  ( 
'  Mignonette,  per  doz.  • 
Myrtles,  per  dozen. .  ( 
Palms  in  var.,  each  : 
Pelargoniumms,  scar- 
let, per  doz. 
Poinsettias,  dozen  ..1: 
Primula  s" 

Solanun 


Cut  Flowers. — ^Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  4  o-  6  < 
Azaleas,  :2  sprays  ..09-11 
Bouvardias,  per  bun,  06-11 
Camellias,  12  blooms  2  o-  5  ( 
Carnations,  12  blms.  1  o-  3  < 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  o  6-  2  ( 
—  12  bunches  ..  4  o  12  < 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  40-81 
Gardenias,  12  blooms  6 
Heliotrope, 


.  bun 


6-  ; 


Lapageria,     red, 

—  white,  12  blooms  20-40 
Marguerites,   per  12 

bunches     ..         ..  3  o-  6  o 
Mignonette,  12  bun.    x  o-  3  o 


—  scarlet,  li 
Primulas,    sil 

bunches  . 
Pyrelhrums. 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.   10-30 

—  red,  ner  dozen  . .    10-20 

—  red,  French,  doz.    16-20 

—  Saffrano,  Fr.,doz,  06-20 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  6  0-12  o 
Tropseolums,  12  bun,  10-20 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  10-20 
Violets,  12  bunches.,  16-20 

—  Parme,    French, 
per  bunch  . .  ..36-50 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch  16-20 

*^*  These  prices  will  he  subject  to  g^reai  alteraiioits  towards 
the  end  o/next  week,  on  account  0/  church  decoration  for 
Christmas. 

SEEDS. 

London  :  Dec.  15.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report  to-day's 
market  thinly  attended,  with  but  little  business  doing. 
Clover  seeds  of  all  kinds  in  the  meantime  remain  exceed- 
ingly firm.  Italian  and  perennial  Rye-grasses  are  again 
slightly  dearer.  Unprecedently  low  rates  are  now  ruling 
for  spring  Tares.  Hemp  seed  is  also  cheaper  than  ever 
before  known.  There  is  scarcely  anything  doing  in  bird 
seeds  :  quotations  unchanged.  Choice  New  Zealand 
Cocksfoot  is  now  attainable  on  very  moderate  terms. 
Feeding  Linsead  is  weaker.  Blue  Peas  move  off  slowly 
at  last  week's  prices. 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane  :  Dec.  13.  —  The  heavy  storms  of  the 
past  week  do  not  appear  to  have  done  much  mischief  to 
the  growing  crops,  which  continue  to  be  reported  healthy 
and  promising.     The  supply  of  iEnglish  Wheal  to-day 


was  limited  and  the  market  firm,  especially  towards  the 
close,  when  (>d.  to  \s.  advance  was  generally  obtained. 
The  imports  of  foreign  Wheat  in  the  past  week  were 
also  light,  and  the  market  equally  firm  to-day  for  these 
descriptions,  ruling  td.  to  \s.  per  quarter  above  Monday 
hist.  Flour  sustained  a  rise  of  fully  6i/.  per  sack.  Maizewas 
quoted  6d.  above  the  rates  of  this  day  se'nnight.  Grind- 
ing Barley  brought  steady  value,  malting  kinds  met  very 
little  attention.  Beans  advanced  6d.  to  \s.  per  quarter, 
and  Peas  were  very  firm  from  scanty  supply.  Oats 
unaltered. 

Dec.  15.— Business  in  Wheat  and  flour  was  limited, 
but  both  articles  were  firm  ;  some  kinds  of  red  Wheat, 
including  Baltic  and  American  winter,  were  rather  against 
buyers,  as  also  was  flour  in  some  instances.  Malting 
Barley  met  very  little  enquiry  ;  grinding  sorts  were  steady 
but  quiet.  Beans  and  Peas  were  firm  ;  Oats,  of  which 
the  stocks  are  heavy,  were  a  dull  sale  ;  and  Maize  con- 
tinued very  firm. 

Average  prices  of  corn  for  the  week  ending  Dec.  11  :  — 
Wheat,  33^.  \d.  \  Barley,  27J.  ;  Oats,  \ts.  gd.  For  the 
corresponding  period  last  year : — Wheat,  30J.  6d. ;  Barley, 
29J.  8c/.;  Oats,  185.  2d. 


CATTLE. 


The  Christmas  Market  :  Dec.  13. — There  was  a 
falling  off",  as  compared  with  last  year,  in  the  number  of 
cattle  and  sheep  sent  to  the  Christmas  cattle  market  at 
Islington,  but  all  the  noted  breeds  were  splendidly  repre- 
sented. A  leduction  in  the  average  weight  of  cattle  was 
noticed,  but  this  was  compensated  for  by  an  improvement 
in  point  of  quaUty  for  trade  purposes.  Business  in  the 
cattle  department  opened  very  slackly,  but  improved 
subsequently  ;  nevertheless,  the  prices  were  disappoint- 
ing to  senders,  ruling  quite  6d.  per  8  lb.  under,  or  from 
/.2  to  £^  per  head  less  than  was  realised  on  the  Christmas 
market  last  year.  The  Scots  brought  4;.  Qd.  to  5^.  ; 
Herefords,  Runts,  and  Devons,  4^.  6d.  to  4J.  101/.;  and 
Shorthorns.  4J,  41/.  to  41.  6d.  per  8  lb. 

The  sheep  supplies  were  2260  less  than  last  year,  and, 
on  the  whole,  were  not  so  good  a  show,  but  they  included 
some  excellent  pens  of  Down  wethers.  The  trade  in 
this  department  was  slow,  but  the  prices  realised  com- 
pared  well  with  last  year,  showing  an  advance  of  2d.  per 
8  lb.,  or  about  is.  6d.  to  2j.  per  head. 

The  total  number  of  beasts  on  offer  was  6920  ;  there 
were  7470  sent  in  last  year.  The  sheep  numbered  11,390, 
against  13,650  in  1885. 


FRUIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Dec.  15. — Good  supplies 
of  all  kinds  of  produce.  Trade  slow,  at  prices  as  fol- 
lows : — Caulillowers,  is.  6d.  to  2-r.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  Beet- 
roots, 4</.  to  6d.  do.  ;  Savoys,  2s.  to  ^s.  per  tally  ; 
Cabbages,  is.  6d.  to  21.  do.  ;  bunch  Greens,  is.  to  is.  6d. 
per  dozen  ;  bunch  Turnips,  is.  6d.  to  2s.  do.  ;  bunch 
Carrots,  is.  to  2s.  do.  ;  Brussels  Sprouts,  is.  to  is.  6d. 
per  half  sieve  ;  Celery,  6d.  to  is.  per  bundle  ;  Onions, 
3r.  6d.  to  4f.  6d.  per  cwt.  ;  Carrots,  i8j,  to  30J.  per  ton  ; 
Mangels,  14J.  to  i6j-.  do.  ;  Apples,  31.  6d,  to  yj.  per 
bushel  ;   Pears,  4^.  to  los.  do. 

Stratford:  Dec.  15. — There  was  a  good  supply  of 
produce,  and  a  fair  trade  was  done  at  the  following 
prices  :— Savoys,  3?.  6d.  to  4^.  per  tally  ;  Cauliflowers, 
1J-.  per  dozen  ;  Turnips,  2s.  to  2s.  6d.  per  dozen  bunches; 
do.  3or.  to  35^.  per  ton  ;  Carrots  (cattle  feeding),  20s.  to 
2JS.  6d.  do.;  Parsnips,  gd.  is.  per  score  ;  Mangels, 
13^.  6d.  to  17s.  6d.  per  ton  ;  Swedes,  15J.  to  22s.  do. ; 
Apples,  English,  3J.  6d.  to  4J-.  per  bushel ;  Watercress, 
6d.  per  dozen  ;  Celery,  8d.  to  lod.  per  roll. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitali  ields  :  Dec.  14. — A  quiet 
market,  but  best  samples  supported  in  value.  Regents, 
70J.  to  iioj.  ;  Magnum  Bonums,  50J.  to  951.;  Hebrons, 
70/.  to  IIOJ. ;  and  Victorias,  60s.  to  901.  per  ton, 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Dec.  i3. — Quotations  :^ 
Cambridgeshire  Regents,  60s.  to  65?. ;  Magnum  Bonums, 
$os.  to  70s.;  Essex  Regents,  60s.  t0  75;. ;  and  York  and 
Lincoln  Regents,  60s.  to  70s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  15.— Quotations  : — Regents,  70s, 
to  8oj^. ;  best  Magnums,  60s,  to  70s.;  and  Fenland  do., 
50J.  to  60s.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  6019  bags  from  Hamburg,  2456  Ghent,  2  Am- 
sterdam, 330  Boulogne,  8  sacks  from  Rotterdam. 


HAY. 

Whitechapel  :  Dec.  14.  —  There  were  moderate 
supplies,  and  a  dull  trade  at  the  following  quotations  :— 
Clover,  prime,  88s.  to  looj.  ;  inferior,  70J.  to  84.;.  ;  hay, 
prime,  70s.  to  gos.  ;  inferior,  30J.  to  65^.  ;  and  straw, 
28^.  to  40J.  per  load. 

Dec.  16. — A  moderate  supply  was  on  sale.  The  trade 
was  dull  at  the  following  prices  : — Prime  clover,  90^.  to 
loox.  ;  inferior,  70s.  to  gos.  ;  prime  meadow  hay,  70J-.  to 
90J. ;  inferior,  50J.  to  70s. ;  and  straw,  2ds.  to  40i.  per 
load. 

Cumberland  (Regent's  Park)  ;  Dec.  14.— A  large 
supply  was  on  offer,  and  trade,  owing  to  the  weather, 
in  favour  of  buyers.  Quotations  : — Clover,  best,  841.  to 
looj.  ;  second,  70J.  to  80s.  ;  hay,  best,  78?.  to  85J.  ; 
second,  505.  to  70s.  ;  and  straw,  28^.  to  38J.  per  load. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  15.— Quotations  : —  Hay,  70J.  to 
80s. ;  Clover,  70s.  to  gos.  ;  and  straw,  28^,  to  321.  per 
load. 


796 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  iS86. 


SPECIAL       NOTICE.— 

On   and  after   Jan.    i,    1887, 

the  Price  of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

will  be 

Reduced     to      Three      Pence. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE. 

4d.  per  bushel :  loo  for  25^.  :  truck  (loose,  about  3  tOD&), 
40J. :  4-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  id.  per  sack  ; 
S  sacks  25f.  ;  sacks,  \d.  each. 

BLACK.  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks  12J.  ;  sacks, 
^d.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  11.9^.  per  bushel;  15J.  per  hall 
ton,  26J.  per  ton  in  a.bushel  bags,  41/.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  IS.  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  81.  id.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F  R.H  S  ,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  lo 
yards  each,  at  los.  per  yard.  Id  bags,  at  2i.  (>d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  151.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  51.  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM.  \qs.  td.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13J.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 

E    P    P    S  'S 

SELECTED 

PEAT 

AND 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

For  Price  List  and  Testimonials,  apply 

EPPS    &    CO., 

RINGWOOD,       HANTS. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.    (All  sacks  included  ) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    . .    5J.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  221.  td. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     . .  41.  6d.      „      5  sacks  for  aas. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   51.  6d.      „      5  sacks  for  25^. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  . .     ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST.best  ( ii.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,        „        ..     J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6d.  per  bush.,  141.  half  ton,  141.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported         ..     Srf.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „  (Spe'cialit^    Sd.  lb.,  28  lb.  i8j. 

MUSH  ROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack  . .     5s.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM   MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6s.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

allkindsofPlants,  Flowers.  Fruits, Veeetables.&c.  Tins,  is.  6d. 

Bags — 7 lb.,  3s.;  141b., 5s.:  z81b..8s.;  561b., 14s.:  icwt.,22s. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  bestquality  only— 141b,  3s,;  28  lb.,  5s.  M.; 

561b.,  los.  6(^.;  I  cwt,  17s.  l^per  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  6d. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  lo  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  131. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  25s;  40  sacks,   30s.     Truck-load,  loose,  firee  on  rail, 

35s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  in 

sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order, 

CHUBB,   ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

One  Plant's  Food  is  another 
Plants  Poison. 


X 


THE  ALLUVIAL  MANURE  CO., 

26,  MARK  LATIE,  LONDON,  E.C., 

Supply  a  superior  class  of  Manures,  each  of 
which  is  specially  prepared  and  adapted  for  its 
own  Group  of  Plants.  The  Wisest,  Cheapest, 
and  Pleasantest  Way  of  Growing  Flowers  and 
Vegetables.     Explanatory  Papers  post-free. 

ISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Biight.  i  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  firom  the  caite  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  is.,  3s.,  and  los.  bd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  bd.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  LondoD. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE     BUILDERS     AND     HOT-WATER     ENGINEERS, 
ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vlneiies,  Stoves,  Greenhouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  houses,  and  for  practical  utility,  economy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.     We  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
aud  that  the  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashea,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  ami  Catalogues  free.     Customers  -waited  on  in  any  pavi  of  the  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORE.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


Greenhouses  of  every  kind  Designed,  Erected,  and  Heated, 

Constructed  so  as  to  obtain,  with  the  least  obstruction  to  light  and  sun,  the  greatest  strength  and  rigidity, 
at  prices  which,   owing  to  unusual  facilities,  defy  competition. 

Gentlemen  will  do  well  to  obtain  an  Estimate  from  us,  for  which  no  charge  la  made,  before 
placing  their  orders  elsewhere. 

A  GOLD  MEDAL  {the  highest  mvard)  has  this  year  been  aiuarded  to  us  in  open  competition  /or  general  c-tcellence  in 
Horticultural  Buildings^  by  the  Society  of  A  rchitects. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUES   FREE. 


Richly  Illustrated  Catalogue,  containing  overdo  Plates  of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Vine. 
Forcing  Houses,  &^c.,  recently  erected  by  M.  df  Co.,  for  24  stamps. 


Plant  Houses, 


MESSENGER     &     COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOBOUG-H. 

HOETICDLTnRAL  STEUCTURES  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IROK,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


■2   .  S 


JAMES  BOYD  &  SONS, 


Z  X 

a  M 
o  w 


?  o 


HOT-WATER    APPABATtTS  for  WARMING  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  MANSIOMS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS,  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,    Post  Free  Sjd. 


W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


Decemder  iS,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


797 


Complete  with  Staging, 
Gutter,  Coloured  Glass, 
and  Loughborough  Hot- 
water  Apparatus,  erected 
wiihtn  15  miles  of  London 
Bridge,  or  carriage  paid 
to  any  station  in  England. 

Larger   siics,  complete 

12  by    8  feet,  £,.Z    o    o 

15  by     9  feet,      35  10     o 

JO  by  10  feet,      44  10    o 

25  by  12  feel,      65     o     o 

(Design  RegUtered.)    GOLD  MEDAL  AWARDED.  1885. 

ILLUSTRATED  SHEETS  of  Conservatories.  Greenhouses, 

&c..  with  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS  Made  in  any  part  of  the  Country  FREE    OF 
CHARGE.    DESIGNS  and  ESTIMATES  FREE. 

pEANE^&    CO., 

wSlSri  LP  N  D  O  N '  '"b  R I JP  G  E . 

DAVID      LOWE     &     SONS, 

HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS 

HOT-WATER    ENGINEEKS, 

GILMORE  PARK.  EDINBURGH  ;    and  CORNBROOK, 

CHESTER  ROAD,  MANCHESTER. 

Plans  and   Estimates  on  application  for  every  description  of 

Horticultural  EuildinEs  in  Wood  or  Iron. 

Garden   Frames   and   Sashts   in   Stock. 


HENRY      HOPE, 

Hor. 
I 

66,  Lionel  St.,  Blrmlngliam 

Plaos  and  Estimates  on 
application. 
it  to  any  part  cf  the  Kingdom. 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal  ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  Greenhouses,  Betlrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrooms,  &c.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.     See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria   Street,    Westminster,    S.W. 


"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,.^ 


THE    NEW 


--s^[vi~  DEAHPls-^::- 


I73'5'    OF  HEAT 
CONSUMED    LESS    FUb-.    t*         ^V<^-H 
Sjv^-pRODUQED  MOST  HEAT  PEFl  BUSHEL  OF  FUEL??* 
»?'bFANY  D''1LER  IN  THE  CONTEST  AT  LIVERPOOL  tSSfe- 

s  v/oii  FIRST  PRlZE.tJTHEiOOOr^T 

'     ALSO  HRST  PRIZE,,!  THE  soor 

3:^=      1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  =^EIL 
5,D^PREVI0US  AWARD3.I6   PRIZE  MEDALS 5  DIPLOHASJi 
LOrjDON  1   5  REDCRCSS    S^    R    VICTORIA  DRY  GLARING  WOHKS) 
IBFFICE  I    BOUTHV/ARK  S'  "^.-i?         HARLOV;  .ESSEX  . 


L^-^ 


DARLINGTON" 


GLASS  WALL-COVER 

Is  Much  Cheaper  tlian  any  other. 

W.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 

North  of  England  Horticultural  Works,  DARLINGTON. 


e,    8  feet  by  6  feet  )    p^,,:..     ( 


Cucumber  Frames 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y    and    CO     desire  to 
•     draw    special    attention    to   their   Cucumbar    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have    a    large    stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted      Thev  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  aod  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices,  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—       £         ' 
2-light  frame, 
3-light  frame, 
6-light  frame. 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.  HALLIDAYandCO.,  Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
Royal  Horticultural  Works.  Middleton,  Manchester. 

FOR  SALE,  Cast-iron  STAGE  for  Conserva- 
tory.  — Length,  17  feet;  w.dih,  8  feet;  height,  3  feet 
6  inches;  two  shelves  and  flat  top.  Beautifully  decorated, 
suitable  for  either  lean-to  or  span-roofed  house.  No  reasonable 
offer  rejected. 
SLEIGHTHOLM,  Gardener,  Bumtwood  Hall,  near  Bamsley. 

MARKET  VAN,  Box  Covered,  well  made, 
for  ilowers,  nearly  new,  for  Sale  a  bargain. 
Apply, 
Mr.  STOKELEY.  393,  Hackney  Road,  London.  E. 

HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS    &    CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


WIRING  for  GARDEN  WALLS 


GALVANISED    WIRE. 

1;  W.G.,    2s.  p-.r  100  yards. 


i.,,,^.„,:|jJlil|MiIllfBi.-.ca 


GAtVANISED    EYES,    iM  inch  from  shoulder  to  eye.    jd. 

Ditto  TERMINALS,  with  Winderf,  %s.  per  doz.  [per  doz. 

without  Winders:,  2S.  ^d.  per  doz. 

Complete  CATALOGUE  of  all  kinds  of  Iron  and  Wire 

Fencing  tree. 

BAYLISS,    JONES    &    BAYLISS, 

WOLVERHAMPTON, 
and  139  and  141,   Cannon  Street,   London,  EC. 

Oil  Faint  no  Longer  Necessary. 

HILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 
for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone, 


roduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Adv 
Its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imitators  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale;  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  used  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle,  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  most 
of  the  Mobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  6d.  i>er  gallon, 
at  the  Manufactory,  or  if.  8d.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Station  m  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  Esq  ,  Tlie  Ryleys,  AlderUy  Lodge. 

"  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  I  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 
advertised. 

Every  cask  is  legibly  marked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE  on  Fencing,  Hurdles,  Field 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  on  application  to 

HILL   &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,  near   Dudley; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street.  London.  E.G.  ;  and 
1^6,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin, 


"FR  G  DOMO'! 


REGISTERED 


TRADE  MARK 


IFOR    PRICE    LIST  &.  PARTICULARS    ADDRESS- 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,     w.c. 


Please    send    me    "The      Gardeners'     Chronicle"    for 
C3mmencu7g  January  i,   xZZ'/,  for  which  I  ettclose  P. 0.0. 


1886. 

Months  t 


Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  """^^^ 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM:— 12  Months,  I5f.  ;    6  Months,  7^-.  6i:  ;    3  Months,  y.  9/.;    Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17J.  (>d.  for  Twelve  Months.      India  and  China,  igr,  6  i 


P. 0.0.  to  be  tnade  pdyadle  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS.     \       g  c. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND."  I   "^^  ^^'  ^^^- 


798 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  i8,  1886, 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

On   and  after  Jan.    i,    1887, 

the   Price   of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

wz/l  be 

Reduced     to     Three      Pence. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

^ 

0 

15 

-ines... 

£0    8    ( 

s    „ 

...     0 

^ 

6 

16 

„     ... 

0     9     c 

6     „ 

...    0 

4 

0 

17 

„     ... 

0     9     ( 

V     „ 

...    0 

4 

6 

18 

„     ... 

0   10    t 

8     „ 

...     0 

■; 

0 

19 

I)     •■• 

0   10    ( 

9     „ 

...     0 

■; 

6 

20 

,, 

0    II     c 

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If  set 

across  two 

Colu 

mns,  rt 

e  lowest  charge  will  be  3or. 

If  set  a 

cross  three  Col 

jmas. 

he  lowest  charge 

will  be  40i. 

Page 

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OARDENEBS,  and  OTHERS.  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words  IS.  6(i..  and  6rf.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


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against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  aitthorities  and 
returned  to  tlie  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sj.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 

hv  Thursday  neon. 


AH  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

Commencing  Jan.  1,  1887. 

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Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisbments, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

HOT-WATE  R     PIPES. 


T.T  ordinary  Socket  Pipes. 


NO  LOOSE  RINGS 


"RICHARDSON'S"  PATENT  UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 

The  most  inexperienced  can  fix  them.     Soundness  of  Joint  a 

certainty.     Highest  testimonials  and  references. 
Estimates  given  for  all  Material  ready    for    Fixing,    or   Fixed 

Complete. 

"Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limited), 

Mansfield.  Notts. 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers,  Vases,  Fountains,  Seats,  &c. 

London  Agent:    W.     SIMMONS,     ii,    Crooked    Lane,    E.G. 


3  and  9 


]  feet  boxes 


of  16-oz    glass 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  siz' 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept 

A  large  stock    of  similar   currei 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all   Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBGE    FAKMILOE    &    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 
84,  St.  John's  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  B.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.    Quote  Chronicle, 


RUSSIA       MATS, 

FOR    COVERING    AND    PACKING. 

THE  LARGEST  ASSORTED  STOCK  IN  LO.VDO.V. 

CATALOGUE  on  application. 

JAMES     T.    ANDEBSON, 

■  40,    COMMERCIAL    STREET,    LONDON.    E. 

Russia  Mata— Raflla. 

NEW    ARCHANGEL    MATS,    PETERS- 
BURG MATS,   of  all   qualities.       RAFFIA  FIBRE, 
of  best  quality,  Ac.      All  these  goods  at  Lower  Prices  than  any 
other  firm.     Supplied  to  the  Trade  only  by 
MARENDAZ  AND  FISHER,  James  St..  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Pits  and  Frames.  Sizes  :-  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.,  at  2i.  :  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  3S.  2d.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  3J.  2d.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  Clinton,  Tring,   Buclis. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 
T     BLACKBURN  and  SONS    are  offering 

tJ  •  Archangel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS,  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  Prices 
free  on  applicition.-  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street,  London,  E.C. 

GARDEN    RiGBY,  WAINWRIGHT  k  CO,, 

NETTINGS,  j  MANUFACTURERS, 

HOTHovsEi    Neptune  Works,  Manchester. 

SHADINGS,  j  Co //g«    Wool     and     Wadding 

TIFFANY  ^°^  Florists  and  Nurserymen. 

I       Send    for  Samples  and  Prices. 


CHEAP  ENGLISH 
HORTICULTURAL     GLASS. 


100  squares  of  15-oz  glass  In  each  case  for  as  follows 

(Packing  Case  included),  fret  on  rail  in  Leeds  :— 

s.    d.  s.    d. 

13K  ^    S  inches  for  9    6 


reckon  half  as  much  i 


HENRY   WAINWRIGHT, 

WHOLESALE  GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
8  and  10,   ALFRED  STREET,   BOAR   LANE,  LEEDS. 


Rosher's  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  ,in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
pLainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  K  I  T  C  H  E  N 
GARDENS,  as  they  bar- 
hour  no  Slugs  or  Insects, 
take  up  Httle  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "  ACME  "    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :    also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3^.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates.  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SI     L     V     E     R  S"    AND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.    Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or   LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


Accidents  ot  Dally  Life  Insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  Cornhill,  London. 
Capital  £1,000,000.       Income  £248,000. 

Compensation   paid    for     n2,ooo    Accidents,    ;£2,2i5,ooo. 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
Apply  to  the  Clerks  at  the  Railway   Stations,   the   Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  :— 64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 
WILLIAM  J.  VIAN.  Secretary. 

E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


GARDEN   REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bamboo    Canes,    Rustic 
Worlt,  Manures.  &c.      Cheapest  pnces  ot 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London,  E.C, 


THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  :— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 
BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  ot  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved 
especially  for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

f;OLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 

TALES  by  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRA- 
LIAN AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 

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Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

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Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street.  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 

ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  rereive  ADVERTISEMENTS  lor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING   HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL:— 

London    Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar,  8,  Clement's  L.ane,  Lombard 

Street,  E.G. 
Messrs.    Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.    Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  186,  Strand. 

Bristol    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal     Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchrster..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 

Edinbhkch Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &   Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

^"  Copies  of  each  Journal  are  filea  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


THE 

TROPICAL   AGRICULTURIST, 

A  MONTHLY  RECORD   OF   INFORMATION 
FOR   PLANTERS 

0/Tea,  Cacoay  Cinchona,  Coffee,  hidiaruhher,  Sugar,  Palms, 

Cotiou,  Cnrdautojus,  Kola,  Coca,  CinHainon,  Nutmegs, 

Fibrous  Plants,  and  other  Products  suited 

/or  Cultivation  in  the  Tropics. 

Published  at  Oi-sei-uer  Office.  Colombo,  Ceylon,  on  or  about  the 

1st  of  each  Month,      Commenced  in  June,  1881.I 


Tjie  "Tropical  AnnicuLTtiRiST "  has  now  an  assured 
position  in  iis  large  circulation  in  Ceylon,  Southern  and  evtn 
Central  and  Northern  India,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Sumatra, 
Java,  Borneo,  Northern  Australia,  Queen.sland,  Central 
America,  Natal,  Mauritius,  and  the  West  Indies.  From  all 
sub-tropical  planting  settlements  we  have  had  cordial  approval 
of  the  publication  and  an  encouraging  measure  of  support.  The 
English,  Indian,  and  Colonial  Press  have  spoken  in  commenda- 
tory terms  of  the  T.  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardens 
from  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  F.  R.S.,  downwards,  and  so  have  all 
Planters.         ^^  ^^  Planter  should  be  without  it. 


Rates  Of  Subscription,  Including  Postage,  In  advance: 

L-L  -Sterling.     Rupees  12.     Dollars  5. 

Single  Copies,  2J.,  or  Ri  ;  Dack  Copies,  3J.,  or  R1.50. 

Any  one   of  the    Four  Volumes   completed  (1881-2,    1882-3, 

1883-4,    1884-5),    bound  in  cloth,  lettered,  with  Comprehensive 

Index,  for  ^i  \os.  (or  Ri8),  carriage  prepaid. 

THE    TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST. 

As  a  medium  for  English,  American,  and  Australian 
ADVERTISEMENTS  of  goods  suitable  for  the  tropics,  India 
as  well  as  Ceylon,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Java,  and  West 
Indies  (Central  America  being  included  in  that  term),  or 
connected  with  agriculture,  the  Ttopical  Agriculturist  stands 
unrivalled,  the  work  being  constantly  in  the  hands  of  Native 
as  well  as  European  and  American  Agriculturists.  Being  a 
Monthly  Periodical  the  Tropical  Agriculturist  lies  on  the 
table  and  is  very  often  referred  to  during  each  month,  a  fact 
which  Advertisers  will  know  how  to  appreciate. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dver.  F.L.S.,  C.M.G.,  Director  of 
Kew  Gardens,  writing  of  the  T.  ^.,  refers  to  it  as  "  anastonishing 
repertory  of  everything  relating  to  the  Economic  Botany  of 
the  East.'' 

B^*  For  the  Sale  of  Plants,  Seeds.  Machinery,  Implements, 
&:c.,  used  in  Tropical  (Tea,  Sugar,  Fibres,  &c.)  Agriculture, 
no  better  Advertising  Medium  exists. 

Rates  for  Advertisements  :— 

[Nine  Words  to  a  Line]. 
Twelve  Lines  and  under,  per  Line  ..      ..  gd.  {^  annas) 
About  Twelve  Lines  „         ....  ^d.  (7  annasj 

Quarter  Page  (once)     . .         17J.   Riol      5  per  Cent,  off 
Half  „         „         ..,£1     8j.  Ri;  ^for  each  additional 

Whole         Li     o5.   R24^  insertion. 

^^"  For  long  contracts  special  reductions. 

Communications  respecting  Advertisements  and  Subscriptions  for 
the  "  Trotical  Agriculturist"  may  be  addressed  to 

A.  M.  AND  J.  FERGUSON.  Colombo. 

J.  HADDON  AND  CO.,  3,  Bouverie  Street,  London,  E.C 


December  i8,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


799 


Worka  for  tlie  FosseasorB  of  Gardens. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation  of  all 
Vegetables.  By  Welliam  Eaki.ey,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow 
Mushrooms,"  "How  to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &c.,  &c.  Crown 
Svo.  with  Coloured  Frontispiece.     Price  i,s.  6d. 

MRS.  LOUDON'S  LADIES'  COM- 
PANION to  the  FLOWER  GARDEN.  A  complete 
Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every 
size.    A  New  Edition.     Fcap.  cloth.     Price  ^s. 

ON    GROWING     ROSES     OUT-OF- 
DOORS.  Ev  Rev.  O.  Fisher.  Fourth  Edition.  Price  ij. 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS. 
Ey  William  Earlev.     Price  ii.  stitched. 

HOW     TO     GROW     ASPARAGUS. 
A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  William  Earlev.     Price  is.  stitched. 

London  :  BRADBURY,  AGNEW,  and  CO.,  Bouveile 
Street.  E.C. 

REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — i2th  year. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  :  — 
A.  Allard,  E.  Andre',  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crcpin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindl  Coninck,  J.  Kick.'c,  T.  Moore,  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Gcert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  van  VoUem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A.  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  ist  o(  every  month, 
in  Parts  of  24  pages,  Svo,  ^vith  two  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  :— One  year, 
14J..  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office  :  134,  Rue  de  Bru.-c(Ile.<;,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-estab- 
lished Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business-South  of  Eogland.-E.  SHERWOOD,  Esq.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  K. 

Wanted,  Nursery  Manager. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan)  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries, 
Garston,  Liverpool,  REQUIRE  a  compstent  MAN.  of  good 
character,  to  Manage  a  Branch  Nursery  devoted  to  the  Culti- 
vation of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Conifeta;,  and  General  Nursery 
Stock.  —  Apply,  giving  references,  and  stating  salary  expected. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER  and  DAIRY- 
WOMAN,  a  respectable  couple,  both  well  up  to  their 
woik.  The  establishment  consists  of  Conservatory,  two  Grape- 
houses,  Forcing-houses.  Frames,  &c.,  walled  Kitchen  Garden, 
Flower  Garden,  &c.  Two  under  kept.  Dairy  of  twelve  Cows. 
Wages  to  man,  245.  per  week  and  house ;  to  wife,  201.  per 
mjnlh.  None  need  apply  whose  references  are  not  of  ihe  very 
best.  — For  further  particulars  apply  EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea 
View  Nurseries,  Havant.  Hants. 

ANTED,  on  February  2,   a  WORKING 

FOREMAN  or  BAILIFF,  on  a  Fruit  and  Hop 
Farm  in  the  West  of  England,  where  a  small  Nursery  Trade  is 
done.  Must  understand  Fiuit  Tree  Raising  and  General 
Nursery  Work,  and  have  a  general  knowledge  of  Hops  and 
general  Farm  Work,  be  pushing  and  sober,  and  capable  of 
putting  other  men  to  work.— Apply,  stating  references  and 
wages  wanted,  to  FRUITS.  Gardeners  C/,rimic/e  Office,  41, 
Wellingt.-n  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  Man,  as  IMPROVER, 
in  Kitchen,  Flower,  and  Pleasure  Gardens,  and  all 
things  out  of-doors  connected  with  a  large  place.  Would  be 
under  the  Outdoor  Foreman.— Mr.  A.  J.  BALLHATCHET, 
Head  Gardener,  The  Gardens,  Fulham  Palace,  London,  S.W. 


To  Orchid   Travellers. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  TRAVELLER, 
for  South  America,  English  preferred.  Character 
must  bear  strict  investigation.  .S.ate  experience.  Liberal 
terms  offered  to  a  suitable  person. — Apply,  in  first  instance  by 
letter.  10  DELTA,  i,  Gresham  Buildings,  E.C. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  TRAVELLER 
for  the  Retail  Seed  Trade  ;  will  be  required  to  attend 
markets,  must  have  titled  a  similar  situition  before.  Good 
salary,  or  salary  and  commission,  a  permanent  situation  to  a 
thoroughly  efficient  man  :  one  preferred  who  has  had  some 
experience  in  Lancashire  and  Cheshire.  -W.  B.  R.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W  C. 

WANTED,  a  steady,  energetic  Man,  as 
SHOPMAN,  and  to  call  upon  Farmers,  &c.— Address, 
stating  experience,  references  and  salary,  to  G.  J.  C.,  Boothby 
Market  Place,  Stockport. 


WANTED,    a    SECOND    SHOPMAN.— 
All   particulars   with  application.— H,    W.,    11,    Hart 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 


WANTED,  in  a  Wholesale  House,  a  young 
Man  as  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN.— Must  write  a 
good  plain  hand  and  be  used  to  parcelling. — Apply  by  letter 
only,  addressed  ASSISTANT,  Mr.  Alfred  Legerton,  Seed 
Merchant,  5,  Aldgate,  London,  E. 


WANTED,  lor  a  Scotch  House,  an 
energetic  young  Man  as  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 
well  up  to  the  Retail  Garden,  Seed,  and  Bulb  Trade  ;  also  able 
to  Sell  Nursery  Stuff.  Must  be  a  good  Salesman.  — State  age, 
exoerience,  and  wages  expected,  to  A  G.,  Gardeners^  Chronicle 
Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  Man,  as  NURSERY 
CLERK,  with  a  knowledge  of  the  Seed  Trade  pre- 
ferred— Apply,  stating  age,  references,  and  salary  required, 
to  ACORN,  Gardeners-  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

ANTED,     a     REPORTER,     for 

T/ie  Garden  Newspaper. — Must  have  had  a  thorough 
training  as  a  Gardener  ;  knowledge  of  Shorthand  desirable. 
Applicants  will  please  state  fully  what  training  and  experience 
they  have  had.— S..  care  of  Editor,  37,  Southampton  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  tliat  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  W. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  viay  Jail  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — The  best  andsajest  means  of  Remitting 
is  bv  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  fomuarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify 
the  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal 
of  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  A^ames  and  Addresses,  ajtd  also  a  Reference  to 
the  Advertisement  which  they  wish  Repeated. 

To  Noblemen  ani  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  AND  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Charter. — 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom,  W.C. 


RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
paiuculars,  &c. — St.  John  s  Nurseries,  Worcester. 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent  time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities,  S:c.  — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  Wm-Cutbushit  Son,  Highgaie  Nurseries,  Ix>ndon,N. 

Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  and  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same. — THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  io8.  High  Street,  Dumfries,  N.B. 


s 


COTCH         GARDENERS, 

._  —John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


MANAGER.— Mr.  W.  Cale  can  recommend 
a  thoroughly  experienced  man  to  take  sole  Manage, 
ment  in  a  Large  Establishment,  to  Grow  Fruit,  Tomatos,  Hard 
and  Soft-wooded  Plants,  and  Cut  Flowers.  &c.,  extensively  for 
Market.  — 10,  Burleigh  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

/^ARDENKR  (He,\d);  age  32.— Mr.  Leach, 

vJ      Head  Gardener,    Albury    Park,    Guildford,    can    highly 
recommend  a  thorough  first-class  Gardener. —Address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (Head),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.— Age  30  ;  well  experienced  in  all  branches.  Good 
character  from  present  and  past  employers.— A.  BARTER, 
Evelyn  Villa,  Algar  Road,  Isleworth. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are 
kept. — A  Gentleman  wishes  to  recommend  a  thorough 
good  Gardener.  Eighteen  years'  good  personal  character. — 
A.  B.,  62.  Coleman  Street,  Bank,  E.C. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  33,  married.— 
George  Harding.  Gardener  to  Hon.  \V.  Lowther, 
M.P.,  Campsea  Ashe,  Wickham  Market,  Suffolk,  is  at  liberty 
to  engage  with  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman,  wanting 
a  Gardener.     Two  years  in  present  situation. — Address  as  above. 

GARDENER  (HEAD),  where  one  or  two  are 
kept,  or  FOREMAN  where  several.— Age  28,  single  ; 
highly  recommended  by  late  employer.  Many  years'  experience. 
Glass,  Fruit,  Flower.  Vegetable  ;  leaving  through  no  fault.— 
Colonel  GARDEN.  Stargroves,!Newbury,  Berks. 

ARDENER  (HEAD  Working).— Age  32, 

married,  no  family ;  practical  and  competent  in  all 
branches.  Sixteen  years' experience.  Good  character. — T.  S., 
Elmhurst,  Bickley.  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  faur  are  kept. — Twelve  years'  experience  ; 
energetic,  well  up  in  Vines,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove  snd 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Roses,  Fruit,  &c.  Good  references.  — 
R.  W.  G-,  Gardeners  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

GA  R  D  E  N  E  R ,—  Sir  Humphrey  de 
Traffokd  will  be  glad  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  and 
can  give  him  a  nine  years'  character.  Leaving  through  no 
fault.— Sir  HUMPHREY  DE  TRAFFORD,  TrafTord  Park, 
Patricroft,  Manchester. 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed  or 
where  help  is  given). — Age  25,  married,  no  family  ; 
total  abstainer  ;  twelve  years'  experience  in  all  branches.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— GARDENER,  Boughton Place,  Maid- 


FLORIST    or     GARDENER,    in    a    good 
Market  Garden  Nursery.— Age  20;   good  references. — 
A.  L..  Oak  Villa.  Lome  Road,  Forest  Gate,  E. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  24  ;  ten 
years'  experience  ;  held  last  situation  as  Foreman  over 
two  years.  Good  reference  from  a  first-class  Gardener, — 
J.  LIDDIARD,  Wethersheld,  near  Braintree. 

FOREMAN,   or  SECOND.— Age   25  ;    has 
had   twelve   years'  experience  in   all    branches.      Good 
character.— H.  W.,  Braxted  Park,  Witham,  Essex. 

To  Nurserjnnen. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR.  —  Age  29; 
fifteen  years'  experience,  the  last  six  years  in  leadmg 
London  nurseries.  Thoroughly  practical  in  Stove  and  Green- 
house Cultivation,  Forcing  and  Production  of  Cut  Flowers  in 
quantities,  &c.  First-class  character.— H.  B.,  34,  Edith  Grove, 
Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


P^ 

^OPAGATOR 

and 

GROWER 

of 

Pot 

Plants  a 

nd  Cut   Flowers.— 

Age 

jR-  s 

ixteen 

years' 

expe- 

rienc 

e.-Please 

state    particulars 

10 

H 

J.    R., 

Gard 

ners' 

Chro 

lidc  Offic 

e,  41,  Weill 

igton  h 

Str 

nd,  W.C. 

PROPAGATOR  (Second).— Age  25  ; 
eleven  years'  experience  in  Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Rose=, 
Clematis,  &c.  Three  years  with  present  employer. —A.  NASH, 
Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  Bucks. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  place.— 

^  Age  22  ;  has  had  nine  years'  experience  in  good  places. 
Good  character.— A.  CANNON,  The  Gardens,  Brookman's 
Park,  Hatfield,  Herts. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  21  ;  two  years  in  present  situation,  four  years  previous. 
Can  be  highly  recommendei.  Leaving  through  death.  Bothy 
pre''erred.— J.  ATTENBOROUGH.  Ansty.  Coventry. 

JOURNEYMAN.— The    Gardener,    Ted- 

t/  worth  House,  Marlborough,  Wilts,  can  very  highly  re- 
coirmend  Two  Young  Men  as  above,  each  with  five  or  six  years' 
experience. — Address  as  above. 

TMPROVER,  or  JOURNEYMAN  in  Houses. 

-^  — Age  iS  ;  used  to  Indoor  Work  generally  and  assisting 
Decoration.  Good  reference.— Apply  to  G.  A.,  Gardeners' 
Clironicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment. 
—Age  18  ;  ktsbeen  in  Garden  five  years. -GARDENER, 
Eaglehurst,  Balhford.  Bath. 

TO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— Advertiser  can 
confidently  recommend  a  young  man  (age  2+)  accustomed 
to  Growing  Tea  Roses,  Gardenias,  Ferns,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers, 
&c  In  and  outdoor  work  generally.— G.  H.,  1,  Athelstaa 
Road,  Harold  Wood,  Romford. 

To  Nuraerymen  and  Florists. 

HANDY  MAN,  strong,  active,  intelligent  ; 
age  34,  seeks  situation.  Good  Stoker.  Understands 
Packing.  Can  use  the  Spade.  Willing  to  make  himself  useful. 
First-class  references.  Please  state  wages.— Address,  L.'VBOUR, 
23,  Pier  Road,  Jersey, 

MANAGER,  or  SHOPMAN.— Well  ex- 
perienced in  Seed  and  Florist  Business,  and  know- 
ledge of  Nursery  Trade.— A.  J.,  42,  Bell  Street,  Henley-on- 
Thames. 

MANAGER,  or  SHOPMAN.  —  Well  up 
in  all  branches.  Used  to  London  Trade.  Highest 
reference.  Eight  years'  experience.— I.  P.,  11,  Montpelier 
Place.  Montpelier  Street.  Brompton,   S.W. 

RAVELLER,  SHOPMAN,  or  CLERK.— 

Wanted  by  a  young  man  of  experience  in  the  Seed  and 
Nursery  Trade,  a  situation  as  above.  Good  references.— J.  R., 
6,  Canning  Street,  Chester. 

SHOPMAN  (Head).  —  Twenty-five  years' 
experience  ;  thorough  knowledge  of  every  detail  con. 
nected  with  Seed,  Bulb,  and  Sundries  business  routine;  gootl 
Correspondent,  conversant  with  Nursery  Stock.  References 
highly  recommendatory.— B.,  108,  Friern  Road,  East  Dulwich, 
London,  S.  E. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  also  used  to  Plant  Trade  and 
Book-keeping — Age  27  ;  good  references.— W.  HARRIS, 
237,  Park  Road,  Aston,  Birmingham. 

To  Florists  and  Seedsmenl 

SHOPMAN,    or    good    SECOND.  —  Long 
experience  ;  well  versed  in  Plants  and   Sundries.     Good 
references.— K,  86.  Oliphant  Street.  Queen's  Park,  London,  W. 

Seed  Trade, 

SHOPMAN  or  ASSISTANT. —  Age  22  ; 
five  years*  experience  in  first-class  Scotch  house.  Good 
references -T.  C,  DICKSONS  and  CO.,  i,  Waterloo  Place, 
Edinburgh. 

HOPMAN    (ASSISTANT).— Age    24  ;    eight 

years"  experience  in  the   Retail  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade. 

Six  years  with  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea.     Hieh 

references.— S.  N.  GEORGE,  lo,  Victoria  Road,  Putney,  S.W. 


SHOPMAN  (Junior).— Age  20;  has  good 
general  knowledge  of  the  Seed  Trade  in  all  its  depart- 
ments.—For  references  apply  to  DICKSON  AND  TURN- 
BULL,  Brechin,  N.B. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  give  marked  and 
rapid  relief.  Indigestion  gives  rise  to  a  large  share  of 
the  maladies  of  mankind;  it  occasions  more  miseiies  than  the 
doctor  knows  names  for.  It  produces  fretlulness  and  irritability 
of  temper,  and  wasting  of  the  powers  of  the  mind.  Irdigestion 
springs  ftom  many  causes,  over  which  HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS 
exercise  the  most  perfect  control.  They  act  at  once  on  the 
stomach,  hver,  bowels,  kidneys,  and  skin,  and  compel  these 
organs  to  do  their  duty.  They  restore  the  waning  appetite, 
relieve  the  nausea  and  pain  after  food,  remove  ihe  dyspeptic 
sick  headache,  and  many  nameless  torments.  No  miserable 
dyspeptic  need  despond  until  he  has  given  these  truly  good 
Pills  a  fair,  honest,  and  persevering  trial. 


8oo 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


(December  i8,  i8 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDER' 

121     BUNHILL    EOW,    LONDON     EC 


W     H    LASCELLES    and   CO     wi'l   give  Estima...    ... 

every  descnpt  on   of   HORTICULTURAL   WORK    free  of 
charee.  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW   ROCKWORK    material  m  various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Contn-ete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


STEVEN  BROS.  &  CO, 


}T,1C!D^"^^  '' 


HOT-WATEK       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    8t    CO., 

4,       TT  P  P  E  B       THAMES       STREET,       LONDON,       E.C. 

BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      Br'c. 
Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Work  free.  Price  Lists  on  application. 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON,  Limited. 

Smithfield  Iron  Works,  Leeds,  and  Surrey  Works,  Blackfriars  Road,  London,  S.E., 

HOETICULTUEAL  ENGINEERS  to  HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN,  call  Special  Attention  to  their 

PATENT    WROUGHT-IRON    MUNICIPAL   OR  ANGULAR   CHAMBERED  AND   TUBULAR 

HOT-WATER    BOILERS, 


And   others   with    SHELVES,    and   Hollow   or   Ordinary   Cast-iron   GRATE    BARS 

SADDLE  BOILERS, 


With  WATERWAY  BACKS  and  WELDED  BOILERS,  sny  of  which  ar 
Schools,  Public  Buildings,  Entrance  Halls,  Warehouses,  Workshops,  Sc 


pecially  adapted  for  Heating  Greenhou'es,  Conservatories.  Churches,  Chaptis, 
They  are  the  neatest,  cheapest,  most  tffective,  and  durable  of  any  extant. 


The  MUNICIPAL  and  TUBULAR  cit's  lire  remarkable  fur  their  great  healwi;  /,iuer,  i/fw  eomlmtion,  ami  the  Uiiglh  of  tune  the  fin  will  hum  -.vithout  re^ui.in^  atteiiticn. 
These  Patterns  secured  the  FIRST  and  HIGHEST  PRIZE,  a  SILVER  MEDAL,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Exhibition,  South  Kensington.  London,  June  1,  1881. 


NT  Elevation  — 
E  longitudinal  section 


M  B  1  3  ft. 

MBS  4 

MBS  5 

BIB4  8 


gives  a  view  of  the  fire-box,  water  space,  flues,  1 
The  front  elevation  shows  it  set  i 

SIZES     AND  PRICES 

2  in.  long  by  2  ft.  0  in.  wide  by  2  ft.  0  in.  deep 

0  „     by  2        0  „      by  2        0  „ 

0  ,,     by2        3  ,,      by2        6  ,, 

6  ,,     by4       0  ,,      by  3        9  ,, 


—  SECTIONAL   PLAN. 

c.  The  cross  section  gives  a  view  of  the  fire-box,  water  space,  and  V  shaped  back, 

1  hriekwork^  ivhich  is  neees&ary  Joy  this  class  of  boiler. 


Calculattid  to 

heat  4-jn.  piping 

as  follows : — 


Price  £15 
21 


32    0 
85    0 


TESTIMONIAL 


Me 


THOS.  GREEN  and  SON,  Ltd.,  NORTH  ST.,  LEEDS. 


Borough  Engir 


Gentlemen,— I  have  great  pleasure 

The  buildings  are  four  storeys  high, 
offices  and  rooms  can  all  be  in  operation  at . ..       -  ,^t      .   . 

Two  of  your  Patent  Municipal  Pattern  Boilers,  No.  <.  work  the  whole  of  this  piping 
of  fuel,  and  I  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  report  of  them  and  the  apparatus  so  favourably. 


Re  HEATING  APPARATUS.  „     .      .  , .     ,,  , ,.   .     ,,. 

bearing  testimony  to  the  efficiency  and  satisfactory  working  of  the  Hol-water  Heating  Apparatus  you  erected  in  these  public  building: 
I  we  have  a  total  length  of  about  28,000  feet  of  piping  in  them,  varying  in  size  lron»  t>^  m.  to  6  ■"   -)•>•"•>- 
time  or  separately,  and  the  heat  regulated  by  means  of  the  valves  to  the  temperature  required,  — 


th  their  connections,  8:c.    The  severa 
the  coldest  weather. 
:ry  powerful  and  economical  in  the  consumption 


THOS.    HEWSON,   Borough  Engineer. 

HT7NDBEDS    OF    OTHER    REFERENCES    CAN    BE    GIVEN    IF    REftTTIRED. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor ; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  OfEce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefnars,  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  Dv  tne 
Slid  William  Richards,  at  the  Office,  »i,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturday.  December  18,  1886.     Agent  for  Manchester— John  Heywood. 


THE 


GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


Cstatjlisljeti  1841. 


No.  678.-V0L.  XXVI.  {s^k'.^s.}  SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  25,  1S86.        jp^oS'r^nra'Jiew^^ll 

'  ^  '  *    WITH     SUPPLEMENT-    ' 


Registered  at  the  General  )      PvinA   SH 

Post-free,  sld. 


SPECIAL   NOTICE.— On  and  after  Sq^urday  next,  January  i,   1887,  the 
Price  of  the  "  Gardeners    Chronicle  "  will  be  Three  "Pence. 


,^  NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS. 
With  this  Number  is  issued,  Gratis, 
a  COLOURED  ALIVIANAC  for  1887. 


CONTENTS. 


Almnnac,  oui      .. 

Aster  Comet 

Ildiihinia  lomcntosa  var. 

glabra     ..         ..         .. 

Eerbeiidopsis  corallina  .. 
r.illbergia      Cappei  = 

Breauteana 
nrliish  Orchids  .. 
Bu'.b  garden,  ihc 
Cattleya,  a  '•  blue" 
Celery  fungus,  a  . . 
Christmas  bouquets 
Chrysanthemums  at    the 

Birmingham       Botanic 

Gardens 
Dendrobium  Macfarlanei 
Flora  of  Iceland  . . 
Florists' flowers  .. 

Fruits  under  glass 
Law  :— 

Kesterton  v.  Greenfield 
Oviilarian        zoospore, 


Obituary : — 

Brown,  Thomas 

Lyons,  Dr.,  M. P. 
Orchid  notes 
Paisley         horticultural 

shows,  dates  of  if  87  .. 
Pandanus  variegatus  .. 
Plants  and  their  culture 

,,     market 

.,     new  garden  _ 
Polygonum  sachalinense 
Potato        experiments, 

Messrs.  Sutton "s 
Rose  Her  Majesty 

.Sisal  Hemp 
Societies  :- 

Linnean 
Tring        ParV,        winter 

flowers  . , 
Weather,  the 


ILLUSTRATIOISIS. 

Aster  Comet  ..    , 

Ovulaiian  zoospore,  birth  of  an 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
'T'HE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 

who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  re- 
quested to  communicate  with  the  Publisher, 

W.   RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  IV.C. 

GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE    OFFICE 

TELEGRAMS. 

NOTICE  to  Correspondents,  Advertisers,  Sub- 
scribers, and  Others.     The  Registered  Ad- 
dress for  Foreign  and  Inland  Telegrams  is 
"  GARDCHRON,   LONDON" 

NOTICE  to  SUBSCRIBERS  and  OTHERS. 
Post-otjice  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 
Now  Ready.  In  cloth.  16s. 
THE   GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE, 

I         Volume  XXV.,  JANUARY  to  JUNF,,  r8S6. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Welhnjton  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

ATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIF.TV.  Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster. 
The  MID-WINTER  EXHIBITION  will  be  held  on  WED- 
NESDAV  and  THURSDAY.  January  12  and  n.  CHRV- 
SVNTHEMU.MS.  CYCLAMEN,  PRIMULAS,  SOLA- 
NU.MS,  &c.  Fchedul.s  and  all  particulars  (free)  at  Mr. 
WILLIAM  HOLM ES,FramptonPaik'';urserie!,  Hackney,  E. 


Mi! 


Exhibits  Invited    for   Special  Awards. 


SHEPPERTON   and   THAMES   VALLEY 
H(5RTICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 
The  FOURTH  ANNUAL  SHOW  will  be  held  at  Sunbury 
Court,  on  THURSD.W,   June   30.   1SS7.    Open   Classes  for 
Roses  and  Orchids.     Schedules  to  be  had  of 

EDWARD  RUTTER,  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer. 
Sheppetton-on-Thames. 

IRMINGHAM       and       MIDLAND 

COUNTIES  CHRYSANTHEMUM,  FRUIT, 
ard  FLORICULTURAL  SOCIErY.  -The  TWF.NTY- 
SEVENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of  CHRY.^AN- 
THEMUMS.  will  be  held  in  ihe  Town  Hall,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY and  THURSDAY,  November  16  and  .7,  18S7.  Schedules 
are  in  course  of  preparation,  and  will  be  forwarded,  when  ie.idy, 
on  application  to  J.  HUGHES.  Secielary. 

Metchley  Lane.  Hatborne.  Birmineham. 


PRIVET. — A  Large  Stock  of  exceedingly  fine 
bushy  oval-leaved  Piivet,   4  to  6  feet  high.     Price  on 
application  to 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames. 


c 


Wholesale   List. 
HARLES     SHAKPE     AND     CO.,    Seed 

Meuchants  and  Groivbrs.  Slealoid,  Lincolnshire,  have 


1  application. 


LILIUM  AUR.'VTUM.  —  Good,  plump, 
sound  Bulbs,  f>s.,  9'.,  12J.,  18s.,  and  24J.  per  dozen  ; 
extra  strong  30$.  ard  42J.  per  dozen.  All  other  good  LILIES  at 
equally  low  prices. 

IMr.  WILLIAM  BULL'S  Eslabli  hment  for  New  ard  Rare 
Plants,  sj'i.  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  London,  S.W. 

P     E     C   T    A '  L       0~F     F     E     R. 

PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  j  to  3  feet.  3  to  4}^  feet ;  ixlra 
fine  and  good  rootrd,  from  ;or.  to  7s'.  per  100. 

GOLDEN  EUONYMUS,  splendid  colour,  best  variety,  in 
pots,  from  15J.  to  50J.  per  ico ;  21.  td,  to  gt.  per  dozen. 

ELCOMBE  AND  SON,  Nurserymen,  Komsey,  Hampshire 

Special  Offer  to  the  Trade 

ROSES    in    extra    strong    dwarf    Plants   of 
leading  varieties  at    or.    per  100,  jCZ  ios  per  1000,  own 


A.  U.  GORRINGE,  7;,  Terr 


;  Road,  Eastbourm 


To  the  Trade. 

NUTTING    AND    SONS'     Wholesale 
CATALOGUE  of  GARDEN  and  FLOWER  SEEDS 
for  1SS7  has  been  Posted  to  all  their  Customers.      If  notdu'y 
received  please  inform  (hem.  and  ano'her  shall  be  sent. 
106,  Souihwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 

OSES  — ROSES  — ROSES.  — The    finest 

Dwarf  Plants  of  the  leading  Exhibition  varieties,  at  6-. 
per  dozen,   package   included.     Special  prices  for  quantities. 
The  Trade  supplied. 
A.    U.   GORRINGE,   75,   Terminus    Road,   Eastbwme. 

Just  Published. 

OUR  SPECIAL  IRIS  LIST,  No.  85;  con- 
taining  all  that  is  best  and  most  beautiful  :  oQenng  great 
advantages  to  the  purchaser. 

NEW    PLANT   AND    BULB    COMPANY,     Lion    Wa'k, 
Colchester. 


Notice. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford  (Established  17JS). 

JOHN  CRANSTON  begs  to  announce  that, 
hiving  PURCHASED  THE  BUSINESS,  together 
with  the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  stock,  from  "Cranston's 
Nursery  &  Seed  Company  (Limited)."  these  Old-established 
Nurseries  will,  on  and  alter  NOVEMBER  2,  1886,  be  carried 
on  by  him  under  the  name  of 

"JOHN  CRANSTON  amd  CO." 
King's  Acre,  Hereford.  — October  i,  1886. 

Dissolution  of  Partnership. 

JOHN  R.  B0.\,  for  ten  years  partner  with 
John  Laing,  at  Forest  Hill,  now  trades  at  East  Surrey 
Seed  Waiehouse  (established  upwards  of  50  year.),  North  End 
Crojdon  :  also  the  Upper  Tooting  Park  and  Balham  HiU 
CATALOGUES  now  ready. 


FRUIT  TREES.— Well-ripened  clean  trees. 
Best  sorts  of  AFPLE5,  PEARS.  PLUMS,  and 
CHERRIES,  Standards  and  Pyramids,  ii.«rf.  10  2s.  6./.  each  ; 
Trained,  ai  6d.  to  y.od.  each.  APHICOTS,  NECTARINES, 
and  PEACHES,  extra  large  trained  Fruiting  Trees  ss.  to  is.  6d 
each.  CATALOGUES  gratis. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries,  Forest  HiP,  S.E. 

Floral  Commission  Agency. 

A  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent 
•  Garden.  W.C  ,  are  open  to  RECEIVE  CONSIGN- 
MENTS of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity.  A.  H. 
&  Co.,  giving  personal  attention  to  all  consignments,  are  thus 
enabled  to  obtain  the  highest  market  prices.  All  Cheques  for- 
warded weekly.  Bankers  and  good  Trade  references.  Boxes 
and  Labels  supplied. 

ESSRS.     GREGORY    and     EVANS, 

NuRSERVMEN,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Maiktt.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any 
quantity  for  their  Commission  Department.  Boxes  and  Labels 
supplied. 

TELEGRAPH  ADDRESS-"  Commissicn,  Sidcup." 


s 

OUELCH      AND      BARNHAM, 

NoithPow.CoventGardei),London,W.C.,  REQUIRE  any 
tity  of  fine  Muscats,  for  which  they  can  offer  good  prices, 
ine  Black  Grapes,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  choice  Flower?, &c. 

s 

thU5 

Q  U  E  LC  H 

giving  personal  att 
enabled  to  obtain  the 

AND 
ntion  to  all 
HIGHEST 

BARNHAM, 

consign  merits,  ihcy  arc 
MAKKET  PRICE. 

SQUELCH      AND     BARNHAM, 
ACCOUNT  SALES  sent  daily,  and 
CHEQUES    forwar<"ed    weekly. 
BANKERS  and  TRADE  REFERENCES. 
BASKETS  and   LABELS  supplied. 


Catalogue  1887. 
TACOB   WRENCH  and  SONS   have   now 

O  Posted  their  1887  CATALOGUE  of  GARDEN  and 
other  SEEDS  to  all  their  Customers.  Another  wi  1  be  sent 
by  return  on  receipt  of  advice  of  its  not  having  come  to  hand. 

39,  King  William  Street.  London  Bridge,  E  C. 

Y  NEW   CATALOGUE  of  the  Choicest 

GERMAN  FLOWER  SEEDS  is  now  being  Usued  ; 
coi  les  may  be  had  Gratis  and  Post  free  on  application. 

FRED.  ROEMER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 

OTICE.— THOMAS    ROCHFORD, 

Nurseryman.  Northumberland  Park,  Tottenham.  N., 
begs  to  announce  that  after  DECEM  BER  25,  1886,  his  Address 
will  be  for  all  future  correspondence 

THE  NURSERY,  TURN  FORD  HALL,   TURNFORD, 
near  Hoddesdon,  Herts. 


JOHN     LAING     AND     CO.'S     Descriptive 

O      CATALOGUE  of  Seeds,  Plants,  Begonias,  Sundries,  &c., 


To  the  Trade. 

W ATKINS  AND  SIMPSON  have  now 
Pi.l)lished  their  WHOLESALE  CATALOGUE  of 
VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER  SEEDS.  &c.,  for  the  coming 
season.  Copies  may  be  had  on  application.  Any  Customer  not 
having  received  one  will  ob'ige  by  letting  us  know,  when 
another  shall  at  once  be  posted. 

E.xeter  Street.  Stiand,  W.C. 

Myrobella. 

PRUNUS  MYROBALANA,  or  CHERRY 
PLUM.— The  best  stuff  for  Mending  Old  Fences  or 
Making  New  Ones.  Grows  fast  in  poorest  soils.  Much  stronger 
thin  Whitethorn.  It  is  also  an  excellent  Slock  for  the  Plum. 
A  sample  hundred,  2  t)  3  feet,  sent  on  recept  of  6r.,  50  (or  y. 
Full  further  particulars  of 

EWING  ANo  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant,  Hants. 

A  Specialty. 

RHODODENDRONS,  grown  in  sandy 
loam. — Thousands  of  Rhododendron  ponticum,  cataw* 
biense.  hybridtim,  and  all  the  choicest  named  varieties. 
Magnificent  plants,  i,  2.  to  3  feet,  beautifully  set  with  buds. 
Price  per  dozen,  hunnred.  or  thousand,  on  application  to 
JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO.,  King's  Acre  Nurseries.  Hereford. 

Ehododendrons 
JOHN   WATERER    and    SONS,  Bagshot, 

«  '  Surrey,  are  the  Great  Exhibitors  of  Hardy  Scarlet  and 
White  RHODODENDRONS.  Their  CATALOGUE  is  ready, 
ard  may  be  had  on  application. 

HolUea  for  Hedges. 
JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO.   offer  a  very 

O      line  stock  o'  Green  HOLLIES  for  Hedges.  Siaes,  6,  9,  18, 

24,  to  36  inches.  Prices,  with  samples  if  desired,  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  and  CO..  King's  Acre,  Hertford. 

RCHIDS    a    SPECIALTY.  —  Stock 

immense  in  extent,  fine  in  quality,  and  moderate  in 
price.      Inspection  invited, 

HUGH  LOW  AND  CO.,  Ciapton  Nursery,  London.  E. 

O  THE  TRADE— Green   EUONYMUS. 

splendid,  well-grown  stuff,  i  foot  125.  ;  ij^  foot,  i6j.  ; 
2  feet,  25^.  per  100  :  very  strong  and  bushy. 

A.  U.  GORRINGE,  75.  'lerminus  Road.  Eastbourne. 

HALyENOPSIS    LOW  1 1.  — Excellent 

variety,  established  on  shingles,  in  good  condition  for 
sending  to  America  or  abroad.  Per  dozen  plants,  6oj..  selected 
plants,  icj.  each.  Apply  to  HEAD  GARDENER,  The 
Cottage,  Sibbettott,  Maiket  Harborough. 

p"l   R  ^   A        JAP     O   N    I   C  A, 

fine  Imported  Clumps,  12S.  6d  per  loo. 
Low  cflTtrs  per   looo  on   application. 
WATKINS   AND  SIMPSON,  Seed  and   Bulb  Merchants, 
Exeter  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HAMPTON        COURT       BLACK       HAM- 
BURGH VINES.-Extra  strong  Frniling  Canes  of  the 
above,  and  all  other  leading  varieties,  at  greatly  reduced  prices. 
T.  JACKSON  AND  SON,  Nurseries,  Kingston-on-Thames, 
and  Royal  K'tcben  Gardens,  Hampton  Court. 

VINES.— VINES.— VINES.— Black    Ham- 

V  fmgh  and  olhr  r  Fruiting  Vines,  loj.  Ca'.  each  ;  Black 
Hamburgh  and  other  Planting  Vines,  ss.  and  7J.  6d.  each.  AH 
in  (p'endid  condiiion.     CATALOGUES  en  application. 

1  he  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan), 
Linii  ed,  The  VineyarJ,  Garstoo,  Liverpool. 


To  the  Trade. 

PETER  LAWSON  and  SON  (Limited), 
Edinburgh,  having  harvested  their  Crops  of  TURNIP, 
MANGEL,  and  most  kinds  of  GARDEN  SEEDS  in  fine 
ccndilion,  will  be  glad  to  make  Special  Offers  of  the  same— 
also  Samples  and  Quotations  of  PE  RENNIAL  and  ITALIAN 
RYE-GRASSES  and  NATURAL  GRASSES  -  to  their 
Friends  upon  application. 


8o2 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  1886. 


SALES    BY    AUCTION. 


Friday  Next,  Deoamber  31. 
ANGR/ECUM  FLORULENTUM  (very  rare). 

„     SANOERIANUM  (erand  loi). 

„     SCOXriANUM  (larRC  masses). 

„    GERMINYANU.M  (new). 

„     KIMBALLIANUM  (new). 
CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA  (fine  importation). 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TIO.V,  at  iheir  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  C3,  Cheapside, 
E.C..  00  FRIDAY  NEXT,  December  31,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  splendid  importations  of  the  rare  and 
beautiful  ANGKA;CUM  SANDERIAN'JM  ((lowers  very 
larce,  in  the  way  of  Kotschyi,  up  to  twenty,  five  produced  on  a 
spilte).  a  few  plants  of  the  scarce  ANGR^CUM  FLORU- 
LENTUM, a  free-fl  >wering  species  nearly  the  size  of  Angra;cum 
Ellisii.  and  pure  while;  also  a  superb  lot  of  ANGR/ECUM 
ECOTTIANUM  in  large  masses,  the  new  ANGRyECUM 
GERMINYANUM.  ANGRjECUM  KIMBALLIANUM. 
CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA  in  fine  order,  ANGR/E'  UM 
LEONII.  STANHOPEA.  WARDII,  ODONTOGLObSUM 
PARDINUM,  CYPRIPEDIUM  SUPERBIENS  (Uemi- 
doff's  variety),  CYPRIPEDIUM  PURPUR.VIUM.  CATT- 
LEYA PiCRClVALIANA,  ODdNTOGLOSSUM  HALLII 
LEUCOGLOSSUM.  ONCIDIUM  NUBIGENUM,  MAS- 
DEVALLIA  ROEZLII,  and  many  other  rare  and  fine 
ORCHIDS. 

On  view  momine  of  Sale,  and  Cat;.logues  had. 

NORTHERN      ITALY. 


TO   NOBLEMEN,    GENTLEMEN,  AND 
OTHERS. 

Messrs.  PROTHEROE  k  MORRIS 

are  favoured  with  instructions  to 
BELL    BY    PRIVATE    CONTRACr, 

A  DISTINGUISHED  and  SINGULARLY  ATTRACTIVE 

FREEHOLD  ESTATE 
on  the  borders  of  one  of  the  principal  Lakes. 

The  property  possesses  an  area  of  about 
22)t  Acres,  and  may  be  fairly  described  as  one 
of  the  most  attractive  in  Southern  Europe. 

Full  particulars  and  terms  will  be  forwarded 
on  application  to  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.G. 

Wednesday   and   Saturday  Next, 
HARDY  PLANTS  and  BULBS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUG  nON,  at  his  Great  Room=,  38,  Kine  Street.  Covent 
Gaiden,  W.C..  on  WEDNESD-tY  and  SATURD.'VY  NEXT, 
December  29,  and  January  i,  at  hall-past  la  o'clock  piecisely, 
a  fine  assortment  ol  Hardy  ORNAMENTAL  SHRUBS  and 
CONIFERS,  in  variety,  to  name;  Standard  and  Dwarf 
ROSES,  FRUIT  TREES  of  sorts,  EO«DER  PLANTS, 
and  a  great  variety  ol  DUTCH  and   other  BULBS  for  present 

On  view  mornings  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7311.) 
EXTENSIVE  IMPORTATIONS  from  JAPAN. 
10,000  LILIUM  AURATUM  (erand  bulb,),  1300  L.  KRA- 
MERI,  loco  L.  LONGIFLORUM,  1000  L,  SPECI- 
OSUM  ROSEUM,  and  1000  L.  SPECIOSUM  ALBUM, 
all  in  the  finest  pissible  conflilion  ;  scoa  South  African 
TUBEROSES,  5>o  LILIUM  DALMATICUM.  Home 
grown  LILIES,  in  variety;  io:o  H  ELLEBORUS  NIGER 

Ml.om  'j'y'-^ ;  "g-pj-ygf^g  ^^|[[  g£LL  the 
above  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Slreet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXf, 
December  30,  at  half-pist  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


ORCHIDS— ORCHIDS. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(John  Cowan],  Limited, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSERIES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR     LIVERPOOL, 

hive  to  state  th.rt  a 

NEW    EDITION    OF    THEIR    ORCHID     CATALOGUE 

is  now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  Post-free  on  application. 

'PO  BE  SOLD,  near  principal  town  in  North 

-L  of  England,  a  well-slccked  NURSERY,  comprising 
4-)CO  square  feet  of  Glass,  healed  with  Hot  Water  :  quantity  ol 
flames;  eight  years'  Lease.  Altiched  is  a  Flower  and  Sied 
Business,  beth  doing  a  nice  trade.  Fiice  Xsoj.  Books  can  be 
seen.     Particulars  on  enquiry. 

J     B.     Gardencri   Ckronkte  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.         

To  Florists  and  CtHers.— Clielsea. 

TO    BE    LET,   a  large   walled   GARDEN, 
with  Glass  and  Collage. 
Apply  to  Mrs.  MORGAN,  to,  Beaufort  Street,  S.W. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &d. 
Plants,  Floweks,  Fkiii  rs  and  Vkghtadlbs  a  Specialty. 

WM,    j.    WELCH    begs   lo   call   particular 

ILLUSTRATING  BOOKS, MAGAZINES, CATALOGUES, 

and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 

For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1SS3  to  t886. 

Address,    25,    Wcllingtoa   Sueet,    Suand,    London,    W.C. 


THE     GARDENERS'    ROYAL 
BENEVOLENT    INSTITUTION. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  the  ANNUAL 
GENERAL  MEETING  of  Ihe  Subscribers  to  this  Instiuition 
will  be  hell  on  FRIDAY,  January  14,  1887,  at  SIMPSONS, 
lot,  STRAND,  W.C,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  the 
ACCOUNTS,  and  the  REPORT  of  the  COMMITTEE  for 
the  present  year,  and  for  ELECTING  OFFICERS  for  the 
ensuing  year.  Also  for  the  ELECTION  of  FOUR  PEN- 
SIONERS on  the  Funds  of  the  Institution.  The  Chair  will  be 
taken  at  3  o'Cluck  precisely.  The  Ballot  will  close  at  s  o'clock 
precisely. 

By  Order,  EDW.  R.  CUTLER,  Secretary, 

50,  Parliament  Street.  London,  S.W.,  December  23,  1886. 

N.B.  The  Voting  Papers  have  all  been  issued  ;  any  Sub- 
scriber not  having  received  one  is  requested  to  notify  the  same 
to  the  Secretary. 


GARDENERS'   ROYAL    BENEVOLENT 
INSTITUTION. 
HENRY      MOXHAM      is     a      CANDIDATE    for    the 
PENSION  at  ihe  ELECTION  in  JA>JUARY  NEXT.     He 
has  been  in    the  Trade  with  Leading  Firms  for  the  past  forty 
years  and  is  now  emiitly  unfitted  for  work. 

The  under^-igned  re-pectfjlly  solicit  from  Subscribers  prom'scs 
of  support  at  tlie  ensuing  Election. 

WILLIAM  CUTBUSH  and  SON, 
Highgate  Nurseries,  London,  N. 


Rhnbarti  and  Seakale  Forcing. 

STRONG  WELL-MADE  POTS  for  the 
above.-GlRDEN  POTS,  ORCHID  POTS,  ALPINE 
POTS.  FERN  PANS,  SEED  PANS,  and  all  other  GARDEN 
POTTERY  of  ihe  best  quality  can  be  supplied  by 

J.  MATTHEWS.  Royal  Pottery.  Weston-superMare. 
Price  List  Free. 


"MPORTANT    to    ORCHID    GROWERS. 

Special  offer  of  Light  Brown  ORCHID  PEAT, 

full  of  Pure  Bracken  fibre  ; 

also  a  good  GENERAL  PEAT. 

Quotation  wilh  sample  on  application  to 

THE        --■-         . ■ 


HORTICULTURAL  SOILS,  MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Cata- 
logue Free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.H.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor 
to  J.  Kennard),  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  Flokicultiire  Loncon."      Eslahlished  1854. 


Landscape  Gardening. 

HF.  MALLER  (of  the  firm  of  B.  Mailer  & 
•  Sons),  late  pupil  of  the  Crystal  Palace  School  of  Land- 
scape Gardening,  is  prepared  to  FURNlSH  PLANS,  or  under- 
take any  kind  of  the  above  work. — 6t,  High  Street,  Lewisham. 


EIGHTY  THOUSAND  CLEMATIS,  in 
Pots,  of  all  the  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  ol 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for  climb- 
ing and  beddine,  from  121.  to  24.1.  per  dozen,  strong  plants. 
Descriptive  LIST  oc  appUcation.— RICHARD  SMITH  and 
CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


HCOLLYER,  147,  Camden  Road,  Tun- 
•  bridge  Wells,  can  offer  the  following  Plants  :-Double 
PRIMULA,  5. inch  pots.  r2i  per  dozen  ;  Singles,  gj.  per 
ioz-M.  FICUS  ELASTICA,  8  to  to  leaves,  i8i.  per  dozen. 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII,  91.  per  dozen.  CLEMATIS 
JACKMANNI  and  LANUGINOSA  CANDIDA,  lu.  per 
dozen.     All  strong  and  healthy.    Usual  terms  to  ihe  Trado. 


ANDRE  LEROY'S  Nurseries,  at  Angers, 
France,  the  largest  and  richest  in  Europe  in  Collections 
of  FRUIT  and  ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS, 
CAMELLIAS,  ROSES.  SEEDLINGS,  STOCK  FRUIT 
TREES,  &c.  CATALOGUES  sent  on  application.  Freight 
from  Angers  to  London  is  very  moderate.  Medal  of  Honour 
at  the  Universal  Exhibition  at  Paris  in  1878. 

Orders  must  be  addressed  to  Messrs.  WATSON  AND  SCULL, 
90,  Lower  Thames  Slreet.  London.  E.C. 

r)  ICHARD  WALKER  can  supply  the  follow- 
V  ing  for  cash  : — Splendid  SEAKALE.  for  forcing.  8i.  per 
100  ;  for  planting  out,  3^.  per  ico.  Three  years  old  Giant 
ASPARAGUS,  for  planting  out,  17J.  per  icoo;  for  forcing, 
Ct  per  I030.  Sovereign  RHUBARll,  the  earliest  and  best  in 
culilvation,  for  planting  out,  2r.  per  dozen.  Enfield  Market 
and  Early  Rainham  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  2!,  6d.  per  1000. 
Market  Gardens.  Biggleswade. 
I  believe  ihese  are  the  b:st  in  the  Trade. 


ROSES  — ROSES  — ROSES. —  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  Marechal  Niel,  Cheshunt  Hvbrid,  Reine  Marie 
Henrictia,  Reine  Maria  Pia,  W.  A.  Richardson.  &c..  fine 
plants,  8  to  12  feet  long,  in  7. inch  pots.  2J.  6rf..  31.  and  35  6;/, 
each;  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardins.  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madime 
Falcot,  Isabella  Sprurt,  and  other  Dwarf  Tea  Roses,  in  about 
100  varieties,  fine  plants  in  7-inch  pots.  245.  and  305.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 
TheLIVERPOOLHORTICULTURALCO.Uohn  Cowan), 
Limited.  The  Vineyard.  Garston,  Liverpool. 

rpHORN   or   QUICK   for   Hedges^  — Trans- 

J-      planted,  25.T.  to  30J.  per  1000  ;  strong  transp'anted,  35J.  to 


clean,  and  wonderfull 

RICHARD    SMITH 
Merchants.  Worcester. 


CO.,    Nurserymen   and    Seed 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITIOK. 

1  Fern 


SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 
including  Descriptive  "List  oi'  New,  Rars.  and 
Choice  Ferns."  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 
free  on  application. 


Special  Offer. 

ISAAC  MATTHEWS  and  SON  have  fof 
Sale  soo.coo  RHODODENDRONS,  varying  in  size 
from  4  to  6  inches  up  to  2  to  3  feet — Cunningham's  White, 
Jacksoni,  caucasicum,  pictum.  Seedling  Hybrids,  Hybritl 
ponticum,  and  named  varieties  ;  good  bushy  plants. 
HOLLIES,  CONIFERS,  FOREST  TREES  in  large 
quantities;  AUCUBAS,  YEWS,  and  other  Nursery  Stock. 
CATALOGUES  r ^-  — ' ■--  ---^    — ■=-  — ' 


Our  Nurs 


applic 


PALMS,  for  Table  and  Conservatory  Decora- 
tion, 20  inches  high  — Latania  b  lib  mica,  xs.  fid.  \  Sea- 
forthia  elegans,  ir.  6d.  ;  Areca  lutescens,  ij.  td.  ;  Phceoix 
reclinata,  is.6d.  ;  Euterpe  edulis,  xs.  6d.  ;  Corypha  australis, 
IS.  6ii.  ;  six  for  8r..  or  12s.  6d.  per  dozen. 

COCOS  WEDDELLIANA  and  KENTIAS,  21.  to  31.  each. 

PALMS,  line  healthy  plants,  12  inches  h  gh— Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Seaforlhiae!eg3ns,Pha;nix  tenuis  and  Pho;nix  reclinata, 
6<i.  each,  or  4r.  per  dozen.     Packages  and  delivery  free. 

Large  PALMS,  3  feet  to  6  feet  high,  5J.  to  505.  each. 

GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Siamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


To   tli9   Traae. 
Home-grown  VEGETABLE  and  AGRICULTURAL  SEEDS. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  are  now  prepared  to 
•  give  special  quotations  of  all  the  principal  varieties  oi 
VEGETABLE  and  FIELD  SEEDS  raised  on  their  own  Seed 
Farms  this  season  from  the  choicest  selected  stocks.  The 
quality  is  unusually  fine,  and  the  prices  very  low.  Samples  may 
be  had  OD  application. 

Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

HRUBS   and   CONIFER^.— Laurustinus, 

2  feet,  bushy,  y,s.  per  loo.  Arbutus  Unedo,  2  feet,  40J. 
per  100  Aucuba  japonlca,  2  to  2%  feet,  40^.  per  100.  Box, 
Tree,  soits,  ij^  t0  2  feet,  ys.  per  100  Common  Laurels,  2  feet, 
I2J.  per  100.  Colchic  Laurels,  2  to  23^  feet,  ids.  per  ico. 
Grislinia  li  tora'Js.  2  fee',  35^.  per  100.  Sweet  Bay,  1'^  to  2  feet, 
30J,  per  100.  Rhododendron  ponttcum,  1'^  to  2  feet,  30J.  per 
I03 ;  ditto,  3  to  3%  fett,  40f.  per  100,  extra  fine.  Abies- 
Douglasii,  2  to  3  feet,  30J.  per  loo  ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet,  40J.  per 
100  ;  diito,  4  to  5  feet,  705.  per  100,  fine  roots  and  well  furnishedv- 
Araucaria  imbncata,  2  to  2j^  feer,  421.  per  dozen;  ditto,  3  tO' 
3'^  feet,  60s  per  dozen.  (Jupressus  Lawsonii,  iJ4  to  2  feet,. 
165  per  100  ;  ditto,  2  to  zj4  feet,  20J.  per  100 ;  ditto,  3  to  4  feet^ 
505.  per  100.  Cupressus  erects  viridis,  i^  to  2  feet,  301.  per 
100;  ditto,  2  to  2'%,  feet.  4 or.  per  ico.  Retinospora  plumosa^  ' 
1%  to  2  feet,  ^Tj.  per  100  ;  ditto,  2  to  2%  feet,  4.0s.  per  loo^ 
extra.  Picea  Nordmanniana,  2  feet,  40J.  per  ico.  Thuia  Lobbii, 
2  to  2%  feet,  2=5.  per  ico.  Special  offer  by  the  1000  for  smallen 
sizes.     GARLIES  MUCH  ELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 

Finest  Quality,  Extra  Cheap. 

MORLE       AND       CO.     offer:  — 
AZALEA  INDICA,  full  of  flower-buds,  15J.,  21s.,  and 
301.  per  d  7.'-t\, 
CAMELLIAS,  full  of  flower-buds,  iZs.,  24^.,  to  36^.  per  dczin  ; 

specimens,  51.  to  155.  each. 
RHODODENDRONS,  finest  named,  185.  to  301.  per  dozen. 
DEUrZlA  GRACILIS,  extra  strong,  6s.  per  dozen. 
SPIR/EA  JAPONICA,  extra  strong.  4s.  par  dozen. 
LILY  of  the  VALLEY,  extra  strong  Berlin  Crowns.  6s.  per  ico. 
TUBEROSES,  Double  African  and  American  Pearl.     Largest 
and    cheapest   stock  in   the    Trade.      See    special    LIST. 
Trade  Supplied. 
MORLE    AND    CO..    1  and  s,    Fenchurch    Street;    and  at 
Child's  Hill  Farm  Nursery,  Finchley  Road,  N.W. 

To  the  Trade. 
SEED  POTATOS. 

HAND     F.     SHARPE'S     Special    Frfce 
•     LIST  of  SEED  POTATOS  is  now  ready,  and  maybe 
had  on  application.     It  comprises  all  the  best  varieties  in  cul- 
tivaticn  grown  specially    for    Seed    purposes    from   the   finest 
selected  stocks.     The  prices  will  be  found  very  advantaeeoua. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


FLOWERING  SHRUBS.— LILAC,  MOCK 
ORANGE.  WEIGELA.  ALMOND,  ALTHEA,  BER- 
BERIS,  CHERRY.  CYTISSUS,  HYDRANGEA.  HYPERI- 
CUM,  MEZEREUM,  RIBES,  SPIR^A,  RHUS.  VIBUR- 
NUM.&c.  :  Sj.perdnzen,  50J.  per  100.    Descriptive  LIST  free. 
RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,   Nurserymen,  Worcester. 

WARE  ROSES,    in   all   the   finest   kinds. 

The  plants  are  as  good  as  can  be  grown,  and  the  prices 
beggar  the  Nursery  Trade. 

Selection  No.   i,  5CJ.  per  loo, 


sfor 


II  I.    3,  too  ridiculous  to  na 

cash  may  certainly  mnke  advantageous  I 
CHARLES  NOELK.  Bagsho 


but 


W.  &  J.   BIRKENHEAD, 

F£RN    NDRSERY.    SALE,    UANCHESTEB. 


SIR    WATKIN,    the     best     NARCISSUS 
gioun;  also  all  other  varieties.     Priced  CATALOGUE 
rost-free. 
JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS.  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 

WINTER  FLOWERING 

PLANTS, 
ERICA  SCABRIUSCULA,  in  flower,  m.  per  dozen. 
„    HYEMALIS.  in  flower,  131.  to  iSi.  per  dozen. 
„     WILMOREANA,  full  of  flower-hud,  12s  to  xis.  per  doz 
„     SINDRYANA.  full  of  fl  )wer-bud.  125,  per  dozen. 
GARDENIA,  bushy  and  well  budded,  iSj.  per  doz-n. 
AZALEA  INDICA.  in  variety,  full  of  bud.  i8j.  per  dozen. 
CAMELLIA,  well  budded.  iSi.  24?.,  ^or.,  and  3IJ   p-r  dozen. 
GENISTA  FRAGRANS,  coming  into  fljwer,  121.  per  dozen. 
Full  LISr  on  application. 
JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO..  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 

aTng's    gold    medal   begonia 

TUBERS,  F/eeby  Post. 

NAMED  SINGLES,  from  izs.  to  411.  per  dozen. 

UNNAMED  SEEDLINGS,  selected  to  colour  for  pot=,  fromi 

BEDDING,  selected  to  colour,  gj   perdjzen.        [i2r.  perdoz. 

.,     mixed  colouis.  3S.Io6s.perdo.t      CATALOGUES  era  is 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO  ,  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill,  S,E. 

Grape  Vines  and  Strawberries  (in  pots), 

FRANCIS   R.    KINGHORN  offers  very 
stocks  of  the  above  in  all  leading  varieties,  true  to  c, 
LIST  and  Prices  on  aorlication. 

Sheen  Nurseries,  Rich-nond.  Surrey. 

SPARAGUS,  grand  Roots   for  Forcing, 

per  dozen.  12^.  6/.  per  loo;  slrong,  for  planting,  2j 
per  100.  SEAKALE.  forcing.  2j.  6d.  per  dozen,  ifj.  per 
planting,  z-r.  pet  dozen.  i2r.  6d.  per  loo 

RICHARD    SMITH    and    CO.,    Nurserymen    and 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


Rne 


December  25,  18S6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


803 


Garden  Flower  Seeds  and  Spring  BtUbs. 

CG.  VAN  TUBERGEN,  Jun.,  Bulb 
•  Grower  and  Seedsman,  HaatUm,  Holland,  beRs  to 
announce  that  his  CATALOGUE  of  the  above  is  now  ready, 
and  may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Mesyrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  as,  SavaRe  Gardens, 
Ctutched  Friars,  Lord  n,  E.C. 


L ILIUM  AURATUM.— MOKLE  &  Co.' 
consignments  are  now  arriving  in  splendid  conditioi 
guaranteed.  The  cheapest  forquality  in  the  trade.  Fine,  sount 
firm,  heavy  Dulbs,  45. ,  6j.,  Qf.,  and  \2s.  per  dczen  ;  30?.,  4jJ 
to  75T.  per  ICO.     Samples  on  application. 

I  and  2,  and  162,  Fenchurch  Street,  LoQdon,  E.C. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  — New  Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  of  all  the  New  and   Choice  Varieties 
considered  worth  cultivation,  with  Cultural  Directions.      750 
varieties  in  stocV.     Post-free  31'. 
ROBERT  OWEN,  Floral  Nursery,  Caslle  H  1',  Mait-e  .head. 

Tliere  Is  but  one 

CLEMATIS,  WHITE  JACKMANNI, 
and  Charles  Noble  is  its  Raiser. 
The  Raiser  supphci  2-yr.  and  3-yr.  old  plants  at  3J.   each. 
All  the  finer  eld  kinds  at  15.  to  jr.  each. 

SPIRAEA  PALMATA.— The  fineit  forcing  clusters  in  the 
world,  and  the  largest  stock. 

CHARLES  NOBLE,  Bagshot. 


GENUINE     SEEDS. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS 


BEG   TO   ANNOUNXE   THAT   THEIR 


CATALOGUE  of  &AEDEI  and  ELOWEE  SEEDS 

For     1887 

Is  now  ready,  ami  can  le  had,  post-free,  on  application. 


ROYAL     EXOTIC      NURSERY,      CHELSEA,     LONDON,     S.W. 


CHR.  LORENZ, 

THE  LARGEST  AND  OLDEST  GERMAN  SEED  HOUSE,  ERfURT. 


Before  you  go  to  Order 
SEEDS  FOB,  TBE  SPBINO, 

READ  THE 

Illustrated 
CATALOGUE, 

for   Owners  of  Gardens 
and  Amateurs, 

of  the  Largest  acd  Oldest  Seed 
House  on  the  Continent,  and  you 
will  buy  your  Seeds  much  cheaper 
than  from  any  other  firm. 


NOW       READY, 
the  English  Edition  of 

Lorerz's  Illustrated 
CATALOGUE, 

with  more  than  two  hundred 
beautiful  Engravings, 

GRATIS    AND    POST-FREE 

on  afplication. 

Postage  fcr  Letteis  to  Germany,  i%d. 

Post  Cards,  irf. 


CHR.      LORENZ,       SEED       GROWER      AND       MERCHANT, 

Seedsmen  by  Special  Warrant  to  H.M.  the  Empre-.s  of  Germany,  H  M   the  King  of  Saxony,  H.M.  the  King  of  Roumania, 
H.M.  the  KngoIServia,  H.R.H.  th.!  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse, 

100-10  3,    FOHN    STREET,    ERFURT,    GERMANY. 

All  Flower  and  Vegetable  Seeds  are  supplied  Post-free,  and  arrive  withla  10  days  after  receipt  of  order. 

HUGH    LOAV    &    CO., 


CLAPTONNURSERY 

LONDON,  E.,  ar,d 

BtBh  BlU  Park  Nurserr 

ENFIELD, 

I;.^■;te     Inspection    of    the 

IMMENSE  STOCK 

growing   in  their   Nuiseries,  a' 

represented,  comprising 

ORCHIDS, 

Fhwerht^  6^  Decorativt-  Plan 

Roses,  Fruit  TuEds, 

General  Nursery  Stock. 
274,600    SUPEBFIGIAl^    FEET    OF    GL,ASs7 

ORCHIDS    A    SPECIALTY.- 

The  Stock  is  of  ?uch  mignitude  that,  without  seeing  it,  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an 
adequate  conception  (f  its  urptecedenled  extent.  Jt  includes,  in  addition  to  the  General 
Collection,  many  thousands  of  Catileya  ameihystogloisa,  Catileya  Gas'<elliaoa.  Cattleya 
gigaf,  Cattleya  labiata,  Percivaliana  and  Warneri  varieties,  Cattleya  Mendelli,  Catllej  a 
Moss'Ec,  Cypripediunu.  Dendrobiums,  Odontoglossum  Alexandras,  Odon'.oglossum 
Pescatorei.     OJontoglossums  in  variety.    Oncidiums,  PhalsEDOpsis. 


The  New  Raspberry- 

LORD       BEACONSFIELD. 
(\  Seedling.) 
The  finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  ever  known.    First- 
c'ass  Certificate.  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  1883. 
Laige  Cines,  jC\  per  loo,  <):.  per  dozen. 
Usual  allowance  to  Trad?,     s  per  cent,  discount  for  prompt 
cash.  A.  FAULKNER,  Inkpen,  Hi;ngerlotd. 

T    A  Ivi   E   S  L.         BOY   S    O    N, 

O  Rose  Gkower,  Caen  (Calvad  s)    France. 

My  LIST  of  the  7!  N  E  W  ROSES  brought  out  this  autumn 
is  now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  Free  on  appUcattju. 

Care'ully  hardened  olT  Plants  will  be  ready  for  delivery  in 
March.  1867,  as  well  as  a  fine  stock  of  "  Her  Majesty  "  H  P.. 
"American  Beauty  "  H.T.,  "  The  Bride  "  T.,  "  Clara  Cochet " 
H.P.,  and  "  Comtesse  rte  Frigneuse,"  T. 

My  complete  CATALOGUE  of  over  irco  of  the  be.st  va.ie- 
ties,  with  raiser's  name  and  date  of  sending  out  of  each  variety, 
free  for  ^d.  in  stamps. 

A  few  thousand  SEEDLING  BRIERS  still  unsold. 


PRIZE    COB  and  other  NUr    TREES. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  obtaining  the  true 

WEBB'S  PRIZE  COB  FILBERT  THEES, 
Kentish    Cob   and    other    Nut   Trees, 

should  send  their  Orders  as  eatly  »<;  convenient  to 

Ulr.   OOOPER,  E  R  H  S  .    Calcot   Gardens,    Beading, 

of  whom  alone  the  various  sirts  can  be  obtained. 
PRICE     LISTS     and     PAMPHLETS     on    appHcatioo. 


THE    FINEST 

LATE    YELLOW 

CHEYSAIJTHEIUM 


a 


For  Cjciiing  Purposes 


MRS.   JONES/' 


First-class  Certificate 

BV    THE 

NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY, 

THIS     SEASON. 


It  is  a  sport  from  the  wellkiioiVn  Japanese 
variety  "  iTHEL,"  and  is  the  exact  Ccunler» 
part  of  that  favourite  variety  in  every  way 
excepting  the  colour,  which  is  a  beautiful  rfch 
bright  golden-yellow,  distinct  in  colour  from 
every  variety  in  cultivation.  I  shall  have  no 
quantity  of  flowers  until  CHRISTMAS,  the 
main  batch  will  be  at  their  best  from  that  timi 
until  the  END  OF  JANUARY;  showing  it 
to  be  a  specially  LATE-flowering  variety. 


Price,  per    Dozen,    Hundred,    and 
Thousand,  upon  application. 


THOMAS  S.WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIES,- 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 


THE     GARDENERS     CHRONICLE 


December  23,  iS 


Kent  — The   Garden    of  England. 

300,000  FRUIT  TBKES— true  to  name. 

GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

THE    OLD    NURSERIES,   MAIDSTONE, 

(Establishtd  1795),  will  forward,  (or  Six  Stamps,  th»ir 

DESCRIPTIVE     FRUIT    CATALOGUE, 

with  Illustrations  and  Cultural  Notes  (copyright  edition). 
Sm  Gardintrs  Chronicle  of  Sept.  4,  p.  2p8.  The  fineststock  ever 
ofFtfred— clean,  healthy,  with  grand  fibrous  roots.  Frequent  Trains 
from  London  by  North  Kent  and  London  &  Chatham  Railways. 


JERSEY  FRUIT  TREES,  Carriage  Paid  for 
Cash  with  Order.     Write  for  Illustrated  CATALOGUES 
to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU  «C  SOK,  H.gh  View 
FORTY   (ERSEY  ROSEsi' or  at 


FRUIT     TREES, 

SEVENTY-FOUR    ACRES. 

\PPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  CHERRIES.  PEACHES, 
NECTARINES,  APRICOTS,  and  other  FRUIT  TREE-, 
as  Standards,  Dwa'fs,  Pyramids,  Bushes,  Cordon,  and  Trained 
Trees  in  great  variety. 

VINES,  exrellsnt  Canes,  31.  H-  to  rot  M.  Orchard  House 
Treesinpots,  PEACHES,  APRICOTS,  NECTARINES,  &c. 
from  SI.     FIGS  from  31  6rf.  ,     ,    ,  . 

DESCRIPTIVE  LIST,  containing  a  sketch  cf  the  various 
forms  of  Trees,  with  Directions  for  Cultivation,  Soil,  Drainage, 
Manure.  Pruning,  Liftine,  Cropping,  Treatment  under  Glass  ; 
also  their  Synonyms,  Qualitv,  Sizr,  Form,  Skin,  Colour,  Flesh, 
Flavour, Use,  Growth,  Duration,  Season,  Price, &c.,fr;e  by  post. 


RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


/lUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
\J      TRACK      MUSHROOM 

SPAWN Too  well  known  to  require 

lescription.  Pric<  6j.  per  bushel 
(ij,  extra  per  bushel  for  package),  or 
fid,  per  cake ;  free  by  parcel  post,  ij. 

None  genuine  UDle.s5  in  sealed  pack- 

ages  and  printed    cultural  directions 

\  enclosed,  with  our  signature  attached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Higheal     " 


\  '  '  CHEAP    0FFEK5    IN 

T^    CHOICE   PLANTS 

'  100  STOVE  or  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS 


in  100  varieties,  for  4-1.,  ^JJ.,  or  1051. 

Other  offers  and  in  smaller  quantities, 
see  CATALOGUE,   which  will  be  for- 
warded en  application. 
12  AZALEA  INDICA.  covered  with  flower  buds,  i8r.  and  ■n!. 
ORCHIDS,  choice  varieties,  for  cool  or  warm  house,  in  12,  24, 
or  36  varieties,  at  21J.  and  421.  per  dozen. 
,,     100  varieties,  400J.  ;  50  varieties,  looj.  and  I.SOJ. 
TROFAOLUH 


Brachycei 


ndllloi 


.  a. 


BULB'!   POST-FREE. 


E,    G.    HENDERSON     &    SON, 

Pine-apple  Nursery,   Maitia  Vale, 
LONDON,    w. 


The  abm'C  is  nno  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  Gratis 
and  Post-free  to  all  applicants. 


THE  EARLIEST  OF  ALL 
POTATOS. 


i^    ALL    OTHER 


TtREES  &.  ]|P)LANTS. 


Descriptive  Catalogues  Post  Free. 


WiU'^hCMA^^^uc^ 


C0//^/O£NC£ 


Forc:d  Potatos  are  now  worth  is  6d.  to  2j.  3/.  per  Pound. 
Sharpc's    Victor  will  produce   them   in   6  to  ■;  weeks. 


Price,  6d.  per  Pound. 

CHARLES    SHARPE    &  CO., 

SLEAFORD. 


TRADE   PRICE    ON  APPLICATION. 


ROSES  20  acres. 

Well-rooted,  many  shooted,  truly  named,  of 
matured  vigorous  growth,  and  of  the  best 
kinds.  BUSHES,  R.  S.  &  Co.'s  selection,  Zs. 
per  dozen,  6oj.  per  lOO.  STANDARDS,  15^. 
per  dozen,  105J.  per  100.  Packing  and  Carriage 
Free  for  cash  with  order. 
These  World-famed  ROSES  cannot  fail  to 
give  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

ROSES     in    pots; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 

sorts,  from  1  Si.  to  36^.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

King's  Acre  Nurseries,   Hereford. 

ESTABLISHED,    I785. 

SPECIAL    CULTURE, 

ROSES  and  FRUIT  TREES. 

These  old-established  Nurseries  have  gained  a 

reputation  unsurpassed  for  the  cultivation  of 

BOSES    and    FRUIT    TREE3. 


Descriptive  Catalogues  on  application  to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 

KING'S    ACRE    NURSERIES, 
HEREFORD. 


A    LARGE    AND    HEALTHY  STOCK  OF    ALL 
KINIlS  TO  SELECT  FROM. 

CORDON   FRUIT  TREES 

A     SPECIALTY.  SEND     FOR     NEW 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE. 

OrnamentalTreesand  Shrubs, 
Roses,    Rhododendrons,  &c. 

CATALOGUES    Post-Frce. 

I  rHEAL&SONS 

UaM    Crawlej,        W  Sussex.. 


PLANTERS  of  ROSES,  in  large  or  small 
quantities,  are  invited  to  write  for  Present 
Season's  Priced  and  Descriptive  CATALOGUE 
to  the  undersigned,  who  will  forward  the  same, 
gratis  and  post-free,  and  who  are  prepared  to 
make  extremely  advantageous  ofifers  for  large 
quantities  of  splendid  plants  of  the  most  superb 
varieties.  ^^ 

E^VING   &   CO., 

SEA   VIEW  NURSERIES, 
HAVANT,     HAMPSHIRE. 


DeCEMBEK  25.    1886.] 


'iHE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


805 


THE        GOLDEN        LARCH 
(PSEUDU-LARIX   KAEMPFERI). 
Gcod  Feed  is  cflTered  at  ihe  followiog  price  for  cash  : — 1000  seeds 
for  25  franco  (/i),  10,000  seeds  for  aoo  francs  f^8). 
FRATELLI    ROVELLl,    Nurserymen,   Pallaozi.    Italy. 

WANTED,    10,000 

Persons  interested  in  Gardening  to  read 
C.  FIDLER'S  CATALOGUE  of 
Special  Novelties  in 

GARDEN    SEEDS, 

containing   greater   advantages  than  any- 
thing  ever   before   offered   to  the  Public. 
Gratis  and  Post-free.      Send  early. 
103,    101,    and    105,     FRIAR     STREET,     READING. 


Hew    CbTjsantliemum, 

MR.    RALPH     BROCKLEBANK." 
A  beautiful  bright  Pnmtoie-Yellow  Sport  from  Meg 
Merrilies.     Awarded  eight  F.C.C.,  including  one  from  N,C.?. 

T.  WiNKWORTH  is  now  booking  orders  for  this  truly  grand 
variety.  Plants  51.  each  ;  cuttings,  4^.  each,  post-free.  Orders 
will  be  executed  in  strict  rotation  and  must  b^  accom[:aDied  by 
Postal  Orders  or  P.O.O.  payable  in  Liverpool. 


LIMES   —    ELMS—   LIMES. 
STANDARDS  for  Avenue  or  Street  Planting,  straight 
stems,  fine  head*^,  good  roots. 
LIMES,     best    red-twigged    variety,     iz   to    14    feet,     and 

14  to  16  feet. 
ELMS,  English,  true,  12  to  14  feet,  and  14  to  i6  ftet. 
Very  cheap  by  th^e  dozen  or  hundred. 
JOHN   PERKINS  AND    SON,    Billing    Road    Nurserie?, 


No 


npto 


THE    "JOURNAL    OF    HORTICULTURE," 

COTTAGE    QABDENER    AND    HOUE    FABUEB. 

CoNDUCTBD  BV  ROBERT  HOGG,  LL.D.,   F.L.S., 


has  been  eslablished  for  a  peri  d   of  neaily   forty  years,  and   has  long   been  regarded 
LEADING    JOURNAL    OF    PRACTICAL    HORTICDLTCJKE. 


This  widely  circulating  Journal  consists  of  Thirty-two  pages  of  Letterpress,  with  occasional  Supplements,  and  is  richly  illustrated 

with  Wood  Engravings  in  the  highest  style  of  the  Ait. 
The  JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  contains  the  Earliest  Rep;rts  of  all  the  Important  Horticultural  and  other  Sho»s. 
GARDENING  in  all  its  aspects  is  treated  exhaustively  by  the  most  practical  and  succissful  Culiivatos  of  the  day. 
HOME     FARM.-This  Department  contains  sound  and  seasonable  advice  on   Profitable  Cropping,    Stock  Manigemen',    Manjtes 

and  thtir  Application,  and  the  most  approved  Modes  of  Djiy  Farming. 
BEES. —The  most  advanced  Apiarians  and  the  most  successful  Bee-keepers  in  Great  Britain  are  cOLt.ibutors  to  this  section  of  this 

long  established  and  increasingly  popular  publication. 

A     NEW     VOLl'.UE    CO.MMENCES     THE    FIRST     WEEK    IN    JANU.4RY. 

Published  Weekly,   Price  3d.,   post-free  3id. 

TERMS  or  SUUSCRJPTION  :— One  Quarter,  y.  get.  ;    Half  Year,  71.  (>il.  ;    One  Year,  151. 


Fost-offlce  Oiders  to  be  made  payable  to  EDWARD  H.   HAY, 

OFFICE  :-171,    FLEET    STREET,    LONDON,    E.G. 

To  be  had  of  all  Ihoksellcn  art,)  Railway  Bcokslalls. 


SELECT  GARDEN  SEEDS 


IRELAND  &  THOMSON 

1!EG   TO   ANNOUNCE   TH.\T   THEIR 

CATALOeUE  of  VEGETABLE  and  ELO  WER  SEEDS, 

GLADIOLI,    GARDEN    IMPLEMENTS,    REQUISITES,    &c., 

Is  now  Ready,  and  may  be  had.  Post-free,  on  application. 


SEED      AND      BUDB      WAREHOUSE, 
81,   PRINCES   STREET,   EDINBURGH. 

GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,  W.C. 

1SS6. 


Please  send  me  "The  Garde.ners'  Chronicle"/"''- 
commencing  January  i,  1SS7,  for  uiJiicIi  I  enclose  POO.  __ 


_  Months, 


1^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Eireot  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  ly.  :  6  Monllis,  71.  61/.  ;   3  Months,  3..  gil.  ;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN    SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  ana  China)  ;  — Including  Postage,  17^.  6</.  for  Twelve  Months. 

India  and  China,  igs.  6d. 


P.O.O.  to  be  made payab  'e  at 
No.    43,    DBUBY    LANE,    London,    to    W.    RICHARDS, 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


NEW    DESSERT   APPLE, 

"BEAUTY    OF    BATH." 


GEO.  COOLING  &  SONS 

Have  pleasure  in  offering  a  small  Stock  of  this  fine  early 
Dessert  Apple. 

It  ripens  ia  July  and  early  part  of  August,  is  quite  distinct,  of 
medium  size,  exceedingly  handsome  ia  appearance,  bein^  beau- 
tifully striped  with  led  towards  the  sua,  has  a  brisk,  sweet 
flavour,  and  is  in  every  respect  far  superior  to  Juaeating  or  Irish 
Peach ;  it  is  a  lar^e  and  certain  cropper,  and  on  that  account 
will  be  most  v.tluab'.e  as  a  Market  variety. 

During  ihq  pabt  two  seasons  it  has  be;n  awardei  ist  Prizes  in 
the  Dessert  Classes  at  Taunton.  Trowbridge,  WeslOQ-supai- 
Mare,  Keevil,  and  othor  We.-.!  of  England  Shows,  where  Apples 
are  alwajji  well  exhibited. 

Strong  Maldea  Trees,  3a.  6d.  eacb. 

Usual  Discount  to  the  Trade. 
As  our  Stock  is  limited  toe  respectfully  solicit  early  orden 

THE    NURSERIES,    BATH. 


SPECIAL    CULTURE    OF 

FRUIT    TREES  and  ROSES. 

A  large  and  select  stoclc  is  now  offered  for  Sale. 

The  Illmtratcd and Descripihe  CATALOGUE  <if  FRUITS 
Poit-/rte. 

The  Desaiptive  CATALOGUE  of  ROSES  Post-free. 

THOMAS     RIVERS    &    SON 

The  Nurseries,  Sawbtidgeworth,  Herts. 


STR  AWB  E  R  R  I  E  S. 

Strong  Roots,  i,s.  per  lOO.  Placts  in  small  pots,  i6j.  per  loo  ; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  35*.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  Iree. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchantfi,  Worcester. 


ROOTS  for  SPRING  FLOWERS. 

WALLFLOWERS,  MYOSOTIS.  SILENE  COMPACTA, 
SWEET  WILLIAMS,  POLYANTHUS,  PRIMROSES, 
single,  very  hardy  and  all  shades  of  colour,  stroDg,  traos- 
^lUnted,  ir.  per  dozen  ;  51.  per  ico. 

DAISIES,  red,  white,  pink,  is.  per  dozen;  41.  per  100;  3sx. 

VIo'LAS°?nd  bedding  PANSIES.  Alpine  AURICULAS, 
AUBRIETIAS,  ARABIS,  u.  6d.  per  doz:  8j.  per  100. 

290,000  of  tbe  finest   Hard7  Perennials, 

all  beit  named  varieties. 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  is.  per  dozen. 
PANSIES.  show  and  fancy,  3i.  per  dozen. 
POTENTILLAS,  51.  per  dozen. 
HEPATICAS,  red  and  blue,  3s.  id.  per  dizen. 
PHLOXES.  I  yea-,  3^.  ;  2  years,  sr.  per  dozen. 
PYREIHRUMS,  41.  per  dozen  ;  33J.  per  100. 
PRl.MROSES,  double   white,  lilac  and   sulphur,  3J.   id.  per 

dozen. 
PRIMULA  SIEBOLDI,  41.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  German  IKIS,  2'.  Id.  per  dozen. 
Mixed  English  IRIS.  ir.  per  dozen  :  51.  per  too. 
HOLLYHOCK  Seedlings,  splendid  strain,  41.  per  dozen :  251. 

per  I03 
DELPHINIUM  Seedlings,  all  shades,  31.  per  dozen. 
HARDY  PERENNIALS   in  variety,  for  continuous  bloom. 

12  kinds,  35  ;  25  kinds,  is.  ',  50  kinds,  izj.  id.  j  100  varieties, 

30J.  :  I03  plants  in  50  varieties,  aSt,  ;  200  varieties,  60^. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants. 

Very  cheap,  clean,  and  healthy  ;  five  houses  from  100  to  120 
feet  lone,  full  of  these  plants.  Very  low  offers  to  make 
room  (or  winter  at,d  spring  slock,  12  varieties,  is.  ;  25 
varieties,  15^.  :  50  varieties,  35J. 

Six  Acres  of  Fruit  Trees. 

Best  croppers,  well  rooted,  healthy  trees. 
APPLES,  PEARS,   PLUMS,  and  CHERRIES,  Pyramids, 

9r.   and   12J.  psr  dozen  ;  Standards,  gr  ,  I2r..  and  i8i.  per 

dozen :  dwarf.:rair.ed,  iSr.,  21J.,  and  us.  per  dozen. 
CURRANTS  and  GOOSEBERRIES,  aj.  td.lo  ^s.  per  doieo 

isr.  to  2CS.  per  100. 
RASPBERRIES,  u  to  aj.  per  dozen  :  6s  to  121.  per  100. 
RHUBARB,  ^s.  io  is.  per  dozen.     CATALOGUES  free. 
STRAWBERRIES,    35  of  the  best  varieties,   ground  plants, 

2J,  £d.  per  100  ;  in  2]^  inch  pets,  lof.  6d.  per  100  :  in  s-inch 

pots,  for  forcing,  25J.  per  100. 
VINES,  loleadinc  varieties  on  sale,  good  Planting  Canes,  31. 

to  5J.  each  ;  Fruiting  Cants,  is.  to  71,  id.  each. 

Three  Acres  of  Roses. 

Well  rooted,  hardy  plants  cf  best  sorts  ;  12  fine  H.-P.  ROSES, 

free,  for  JS.  :   50  fir  25s.  ;   ico  for  45s. 
MOSSES,  CLIMBERS,   NOISETTES,  &c.,  6s.  per  dozen. 
CATALOGUES  free. 

Forest  Trees,  Evergreen  and  Deciduous  Shrubs, 
ConlCera,  &c. 

Many  thouiands  of  these  in  all  sizes  and  varieties,  and  in  the 
most  heal  hy  and  well  rooted  condition.     See  Catalogue. 

FOREST  TREES  of  sorts,  is.  per  dozen  ;  401.  per  100. 

EVERGREEN  SHRUBS,  is.  to  gi.  per  dozen  ;  40J.  and  601. 
per  loj. 

DECIDUOUS,  a'l  beautiful  bloomm^  kinds,  4X.  per  dozen 

RHODODENDRONS,  fine  named  scarlet, piulc,  crimson,  &c  , 

shades,  i8j.  and  74r.  per  dozen. 
PRIVET  OVALIFOLIUM,  for  hedges,   ;j.   per   ico  ;    451. 

THORN  QUICKS,  20s.  and  251.  per  1000. 

I^*  Everything  wanted  for  a  Garden  in  the  best 
quality  at  low  prices.  Large  buyers  liberally  treated. 
See  Catalogue. 

WM.    CLIBRAN    &    SON, 

OLDFIELD  NURSERY.  ALTRINCHAM 
12,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER, 


Po6 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  1886. 


SUTTON'S 


New 


For 
1887. 


^-     Seedling 

18  87.  T 


POTATOS. 

For  TONED  ILLUSTRATION  and  FULL  DESCRIPTIONS  see 

SUTTON'S  AMATEUR'S  GUIDE 

Now  Ready.     Gratis  to  Customers,  or  to  Non-Customers,  Post-free  for  Twelve  Stamps. 


C  M  T  T  n  M      P.      0  n  M  0      SEEDSMEN    BY    BOYAL   WARRANTS   TO   HER    MAJESTY    D  C  A  R  I  M  P 
0  U    I     I    U  ll      &      0  U  n  0)  THE    QUEEN  and  H.R.H  THE  PRINCE  OF  WALES,  11  L  H  U  I  ll  Ui 


CONTRACTORS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAR    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPEE     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGEAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  and  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  PurposeSi 

Illustrated  CA  TALOGUE,  1 7M  Edition,  price  \s. 
Price  List  on  application  Free. 

Hot-water  and  Hot-air  Apparatus  erected  Complete,  or 
the  Materials  supplied. 

BOULTON  &  PAUL,  horticultural  builders,  NORWICH. 


CAST-IRON     SADDLE    BOILER, 

Willi  Waterway  End. 

From  20  luoli23  to  65  lachjs  long. 


1^    \ 

PATENT    RELIANCE    ROTARY 
VALVES. 


Boulton    &   Paul's    CTTCTTMaEE, 

FRAMES  are  always  in  stock,  ready  to 
be  sent  away  on  receipt  of  order.  Tliey  are 
made  of  best,  sound,  red  deal,  sawn  from  the 
best  treis  in  the  forest  to  our  special  require- 
ments, and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner. 
Tile  Fkamks  are  of  ij-inch  boards,  24  inches 
high  at  bade,  and  13  inches  high  in  front, 
bolted  at  the  corners,  and  tasily  taken 
to  pieces  if  reciuircd.  The  Lights  are 
2  inches  thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  ore 
handle  at  the  top.  and  the  whole  painted 
four  coats.  The  Glass  is  English,  21-oz. 
weight.  Packed  and  sent,  carriage  paid, 
to  any  station  in  England  and  Wales,  to 
Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork,  Glas- 
gow, and  stations  equivalent.  Cases  are 
allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  Use  of  Facliing  Cases. 


I-LIGHT  FRAMH 


Smaller  Frames  : 


No.  75.— Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame.    All  sizes  In  Stock. 


Length.  W  dth-  Piice. 
8  feet  by  6  i^^\.  £z  5  c 
12  feet  by  6  feet  4  12  6 
i5  feet  by  6  feet  600 
20  feet  by  6  feet  776 
IX  feet  by  6  feet  8  15  o 
are  made.  See  LISTS, 
Post-free,  of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus, 
Garden  Frames  in  every  variety  made.  Gar- 
den Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and 
everything  required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure 
Grounds,  post-free  on  application. 

Estimates  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt 
of  particulars. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  waited  upon  by 
appointment  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 


December  25,  iSSC] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


807 


NEAL'S 

RUNNER  BEAN 

"  NE  PLUS  ULTRA," 

the  best  for  exhibition  or  main  crop. 


MR.  N  E  A  L'S  stock, 
harvested  in  1SS6,  is  again  placed  in 
H.  Deverill's  hands  for  distribution,  and  is 
only  to  be  obtained  tnie  in  Deverill's  Sealed 
Packets,  direct  from  Banbury,  or  from  those 
Houses  who  offer  it  in  Deverill's  packets. 

Per  Packet,   Is.,   Post-free 

This  unequalled  Runner  Bean  is  the  result  of 
twenty  years'  selection  by  Mr.  G.  Neal,  of 
Bampton.  It  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  every 
garden.  If  the  Beans  in  a  Shilling  Packet  are 
planted  a  foot  or  so  apart  in  the  rows,  the  pro- 
duce will  be  more  than  the  yield  of  a  pint  of  the 
ordinary  kinds  ;  thus  a  saving  in  time,  labour, 
ground,  and  expense  is  effected.  For  earliness, 
productiveness,  and  quality,  it  has  no  equal, 
and  the  pods,  which  are  straight,  and  of  magni- 
ficent form,  grow  quickly  to  a  length  of  10  to 
14  inches,  free  from  strings,  and  of  excellent 
quality.  During  the  seasons  of  1885  and  1S86  it 
was  awarded  nearly  Thirty  First  Prizes. 


I  invaluable  for 


PROOFS    OF    SUPERIORITY 

IN      THE     TEAU     1886. 

Cardenen*  Ghronicle,  August  28. 

"Cottagers  AND Artizans* Show,  Roval  Horticultural 

Society's   Show,  South   Kensington.— Runner   Be.\ns,— 

This  was  the  best  filled  class,  of  which  there  were  35  dishds  ;  a 

splendid  dish  of  '  Ne  Plus  Ultra  '  being  first." 

Mr.  Miller,  Rood  Aston  Gardens. 
"  *  Ne  Plus  Ultra '  Runner  Bean  is  un^urpass    " 
tilion  variety,  and  being  sd  prolific  must    provt 
market  purposes." 

Mr.  Hughes,  Eydoa  Hall  Carder 
"  I  consider  '  Ne  Plus  Ultra '  the  best  in  cult 
free  setter,  pods  long  and  straight." 

Mr.  Mitchell.  Escrick  Park  Gardens. 
"  This  year  I  grew 'Girtford  Giant,"   and    '  Ne    Plas    Ultra* 
Runners ;  the  latter  is  decidedly  the  best." 

Mr.  Lva,  Sydmouton  Court  Gardens, 

"'Ne  Plus  Ultra' is  the  finest  Rucnsr  Bean  ever    sent  out. 

both  for  cropping  and  exhibition  qualities  ;  this  season  I  grew 

them  14  inches  long,  and  not  a  bit  old,  but  quite  fit  for  cooking. 

Every  one  should  grow  it  who  has  a  gaideii." 

Mr.  Hope,  Middleton  Park  Gardens. 

•'  If  any  one  has  any  doubt  as    to  '  Ne  Plus  Ullra'  being  a 

valuable  novelty,  I  would  strongly  at^vise   a  trial  of  it  ;  grown 

side  by  side  of  other  improved   Rurcer  Beans  here  this  year, 

Eoae  could  come  up  to  it.     The  vines  ran   10  leet  high,  and 

were  loaded  wiih  Beans  of  a  beautifnl  quality.     I   never  saw 

anything  like  it,  and  in  future  I  intend  growing  no  oiher." 

Mr.  WiNGROVE,  Rousham  Park  Gardens. 

"  I  have  been  enabled  to  gather  3  bushels  of  '  Ne  Plus  Ultra  ' 

Beans  whure  I  could  only  gather  1  bushel  cff  the  same  number 

of  rows  of  other  'crack'  sons.     It  is  highly  adapted  for  kitchen 

or  the  exhibition  table.     Keep  your  stock  pure,  and  I  have  no 

doubt  that  when  the  value  of  this  Runner  Bean  is  known  it  will 

be  the  Beau  of  the  future." 

Mr.  DoHERTV,  Wroxton  Abbey  Gardens, 
"*Ne  Plus  Ultra'  is  an  extraordinary  cropper,  and  of  excel- 
lent quality." 

Oxford  Chronkh\  August  aS. 
"Witney  Show.-Kidney   Beans.— '  Ne  Plus  Ultra,' level  as 
a  foot-rule,  were  met  wiih  in  each  division." 

Mr,  Smith,  The  Grange,  Bampton. 

"I  plarted  24   Beans  of  the  '  Ne  Plus  Ultra,"  which  yield 

sufficient  for   th:^  requirements  of  a    family  of  five  from  the 

middle  of  July,  wtli  into  October.      I  also  took  the  First  Prize 

tt  the  Oxford  July  Show." 


For  further  proofs,  as  also  valuable  Prizes 
offered  in  1887,  send  for  SEED  CATALOGUE, 
now  ready,  gratis,  and  Post-free. 


H.    DEVERILU 

ROYAL     SEED     STORES, 
BANBURY. 


CHARLES  SHARPE&CO.'S 

SPECIALTIES,  1886-7. 


SHARPE'S 

PEA. 
23.  p;r  J  pt  pW. 


QUEEN. 

A  grard  Blue  Marrow  ;  height  2  feet. 
Pods  large,  deep  green,  and  packed  wiih 
large,  deep  green,  deliciously  flivou-ed 
Peas  The  best  Pea  ever  sent  out,  and  so 
coi.tinuous  a  cropper  tf  al  a  con<.tant  supply 
may  be  ni:iiLt.^ined  by  it  aloae,  after  the 
first  crop  is  ready. 


SHARPENS 

PEA. 
23.  per  i  pt.  pkt. 


SHARPE'S 

PEA. 
2s.  6d.  per  plat. 


SHARPE'S 

PEA. 
la.  6d  per  pint. 


SHARPE'S 

PEA. 
13.  6d.  par  qrt 


SHARPE'S 

PEA. 
13.  per  quart. 


SHARPE'S 

BEAN, 
is.  per  pint. 


SHARPE'S 

CDCUMEER. 
21.  per  pacltet. 


SHARPE'S 

POTATO 
6d.  per  pound. 


SHARPE'S 

POTATO. 
39.  per  stone. 


SHARPE'S 

MELON. 
23.  6d.  per  pkt 


SHARPE'S 

BROCCOLI. 
Is.  per  packet. 


SHARPE'S 

BEET. 
Is.  per  packet. 


SIR  F.  A.  MILBANK. 

A    magnificent,    large,    Blue    Wrinkled 
larrow.     Peas  extra  large— deep  green. 


TRIUMPH. 


:pU; 


PARAGON. 


PROLIFIC    WHITE 

MAKROW. 

An     excel'ent,      Urge-podded,     pro'ific 
White  Wrinkled  Marrow. 


INVINCIBLE. 


The  bng. 
Pods  ofien  I 
Exhibilion. 


CONQUEROR. 


EPICUREAN. 

The  most  pioHfic,  earliest,  deepest  in 
;clour,  and  finest  in  flivour  of  any  variety 
;rown.  Fruit  lone  and  very  handsome.  It 
s  %\in^^  perfection. 


VICTOR. 


The  earliest,  quiAa^ 
luc-.ive  kind  (,  r  forcing 
eady  f  jr  table  in  from  s 


DUKE    OF    ALBANY. 


ST.    VINCENT. 

Scarlet-Scsh  ;  large  roundish  oval.  Skin 
light  orange,  very  much  neltej.  Flesh 
of  great  lhickte;s,  rich,  me'.ting,  and  of  a 
m5st  delicious  lUvour.  The  [lant  is  a 
strong  robust  grower,  free  setter,  and  eai  ly. 


SELECTED  WINTER. 


;  from  the  middle  of  November  forw 


EMPEROR. 

The  finest  of  the  glosey-Ieave 
used  for  bedding.  Leaves  metallic  in  ap. 
pearanca  and  very  deep  in  colour.  The 
root  is  deep  red,  without  rings,  and  very 
rich  in  flavour. 


SHARPE'S 

TOMATO. 
13   per  packet. 


ECLIPSE. 

""A  remarkably  prolific  variety.  Fniit 
I  globular,  smooth,  gio^ing  in  large  cluiiiers 
I  at  every  joint,    exquisite   flavour,    colour 

bright  cherry  red. 


SHARPE'S 

PARSLEY.       I 
6d.  per  picket 


LINCOLN    GREEN. 

The  perfection  of  garnishing  Parsley. 


SHARPE'S 

ONION, 
la.  per  packet 


PRIZE     WHITE 

SPANISH. 

The  best  type  of  the  Baubury  seclicn  ( 
Onions. 


For  full  description  see  Advertisements  in  the  Horti- 
cultural Papers  ;  or, 

SHARPE'S  SEED  LIST  for  1887, 

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SEEDS,  with  Trade  Prices  of  SHARPE'S  SPECIAL. 
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CHARLES  SHARPE  &  CO., 

SLEAFORD. 


THE 


SATURDAY,    DECEMBER    25,    i8g6. 


CHRISTMAS    BOUQUETS. 
"  '  I  "HE  old  order  changeth  to  the  new  "  may 

-L  well  say  the  visitor  to  Messrs.  Hooper  & 
Co.'s  show-room  under  the  Piazza  in  Covent 
Garden  Market.  Here  are  bouquets,  &c.,  of 
various  sizes  and  patterns,  but  as  distinct  in 
character  compared  with  what  prevailed  a  few 
years  ago  as  can  be — new  agents,  new  styles, 
new  developments,  are  the  prevailing  charac- 
teristics. In  the  matter  of  dried  flowers, 
leaves  and  grasses,  we  have  undoubtedly 
become  much  more  aesthetic.  Gone  to  a 
large  extent  are  the  old  strong  blues,  striking 
crimsons,  and  vivid  greens  ;  they  are  replaced 
by  softer  and  more  tender  hues — old  gold, 
pale  mauves,  delicate  browns,  and  silvery 
hues  in  abundance,  have  taken  their  place.  In 
Paris,  where  the  trade  in  dried  and  dyed 
flowers,  iScc,  may  be  said  to  have  reached  its 
highest  development,  a  little  colour  is  still 
necessary,  but  in  London,  gold  and  silver, 
brown  and  white,  with  soft  tints  thrown  in,  are 
most  appreciated  ;  and  there  is  a  change  in  the 
subject  too— many  of  the  old  ones  are  aban- 
doned, and  newer  ones  have  taken  their  places. 
Even  in  this  department  of  horticultural  enter- 
prise novelties  must  be  sought  for,  but  no  old 
subject  is  abandoned  until  the  character  and 
fitness  of  the  new  are  established  beyond 
doubt  ;  and  the  development  of  the  trade  in 
these  subjects  has  become  so  enlarged  that 
Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.  now  have  two  establish- 
ments in  Paris,  one  in  Germany,  and  one  also 
in  Hungary,  and  agencies  in  all  parts  where  it 
is  likely  suitable  subjects  can  be  obtained. 

It  has  just  been  remarked  that  a  greater 
variety  of  subjects  is  one  of  the  gains  of  the 
past  few  years.  Among  them  may  be  men- 
tioned a  curious  Thistle  head  from  Africa,  with 
a  spiny  involucre  of  good  size,  mounted  with  a 
charming  delicate  sea-weed  from  the  Gulf  of 
Florida,  quite  unique,  and  largely  used.  Then 
there  are  several  unique  Cape  grasses,  all  of  a 
beautiful  character,  specially  collected  for  Messrs. 
Hooper  &  Co.,  brown  in  colour,  but  of  various 
shades,  and  extremely  useful  in  bouquets. 
Sprays  of  the  Butcher's  Broom  (Ruscus), 
bleached  in  Germany,  and  of  a  delightful  clear 
pale  silvery  hue,  are  also  used  in  the  larger 
bouquets,  and  have  a  very  pleasing  effect. 
Then  there  is  an  Echinops  that  comes  from 
abroad,  of  almost  similar  character  to  the  blue 
Thistle  of  our  gardens,  that  is  very  useful  also. 
But  one  of  the  most  novel  and  at  the  same  time 
most  chatming  introductions,  is  what  looks  like 
a  large  and  symmetrical  silvery  Scabious,  formed 
of  a  seed-pod  of  an  Asclepias,  which  produces  a 
developed  seed-head  of  a  similar  character  to 
the  Dandelion  ;  the  points  of  the  hairy-like 
tubes  are  drawn  together  and  tied,  and  when 
pulkd  away  from  the  seed-pod  assume  this 
Scabious-like  character  ;  they  are  actually  re- 
versed, and  when  mounted  are  most  attractive, 


8o8 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLt,. 


I^DECEMUliK    25      18 


A  Sorghum,  with  its  mallet-like  heads,  is  also 
well  worthy  of  notice. 

Dried  Palm  leaves  are  being  largely  used  for 
the  backgrounds  of  bouquets  :  they  come  from 
Egypt,  the  leaves  being  blanched  in  the  sun, 
and  so  perfect  is  the  process  that  they  retain 
their  colour  admirably.  Various  species  of  the 
genus  Phcenix  are  used  for  this  purpose,  and 
especially  dactylifera  and  rupicola  ;  the  Fan 
Palms  also,  especially  Latania  and  Thrinax. 
The  fronds  from  small  plants  are  equally  of 
service,  and  the  Geonomas  are  also  employed 
in  the  same  way.  The  waste  leaflets  of  Phcenix, 
and  especially  of  P.  rupicola,  are  curled,  then 
mounted,  and  employed  with  excellent  effect. 
Uniola  paniculata,  a  very  tall  water-grass  from 
the  marshes  of  Florida,  is  a  comparatively  new- 
comer of  decided  v.alue,  and  the  male  flowers  of 
Zea,  as  they  issue  from  the  pod,  are  dried  and 
utilised.  Bromus  brizaeformis  is  such  a  use- 
ful agent  in  combinations  that  it  is  used  by 
the  ton. 

The  new  "  Makart "  Fan  bouquets  are  designed 
for  the  mantel-shelf  or  side-table,  and  they  vary 
in  size — some  are  3  feet  in  height,  others 
smaller.  As  a  matter  of  course  they  face  to  a 
front,  and  for  entrance  halls,  corridors,  and 
such  places  they  are  of  the  greatest  value. 
Here,  in  combination,  may  be  seen  the  grasses 
and  Palms  of  the  tropics,  combined  with  plumes 
of  the  Pampas  grass.  Some  are  more  bright 
coloured  than  others,  to  suit  varying  tastes  ;  in 
some  a  few  peacock  feathers  give  brilliant 
hues  not  to  be  found  in  amongst  dried  grasses, 
but  used  sparingly ;  in  others  the  skins 
and  plumage  of  birds  give  variety  of  tint. 
Here  is  what  may  be  termed  a  "  love-gift ;"  it 
is  an  ornament  standing  a  little  over  2  feet  in 
height ;  on  one  side  is  a  bouquet  of  dried 
flowers,  on  the  other  there  is  an  oval  mirror  in 
the  centre,  with  a  rustic  tray  and  shell  at  the 
base.  Above  the  mirror  a  white  pigeon,  bearing 
a  gift — and  what  a  pretty  and  novel  Christmas 
present  it  makes  !  But  this  is  only  one  of  many 
elegant  devices. 

Artificial  plants  may  be  said  to  have  had 
their  day,  and  if  found  anywhere  it  will  be  only 
in  dining-rooms,  restaurants,  and  such-like 
places.  In  the  change  from  the  old  order  to  the 
new,  things  purely  artificial  have  given  way  to 
those  of  a  natural  character.  The  only  exception 
to  this  is  afforded  by  the  beautiful  wreaths, 
bouquets,  crosses,  &c.,  in  china,  manufactured 
in  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.'s  Paris  establishment. 
As  many  as  thirty  persons  are  employed  in  con- 
structing flowers  and  foliage  from  the  cele- 
brated Limoges  clay.  It  is  of  a  grey  colour, 
and  by  the  deft  hands  of  girls  it  is  kneaded  to 
the  consistency  of  paste,  then  stamped  accord- 
ing to  the  pattern  required,  baked,  and 
coloured  by  artists  specially  employed  on  this 
work,  both  in  London  and  Paris.  The  closest 
fidelity  to  Nature  is  observed  in  the  artificial 
rendering  of  flowers  and  foliage.  One  charm- 
ing wreath  of  Tea  Roses  and  blue  Forget-me- 
Not  was  worthy  of  all  praise. 

The  old  coloured  grasses,  Gnaphaliums,  &c., 
representing  the  commoner  type  of  dried 
flowers,  are  still  largely  employed,  in  the 
northern  districts  especially.  They  gild  many 
a  workman's  home  with  grateful  colouring  at 
the  Christmas  season.  They  sell  in  abundance 
in  the  markets  and  seed  shops. 

Gaudy  colours  will  always  have  theirTtt7aT- 
tion  for  the  masses,  and  if  they  can  be  made  to 
relieve  the  gloom  of  humble  homes,  even  if  the 
degree  of  art  they  display  be  of  the  lowliest 
character,  they  should  not  be  despised,  for  they 
are  assuredly  doing  good  service.  R.  D. 


WHEAT    IN    PREHISTORIC 
TIMES. 

Of  late  considerable  attention  has  been  directed  to 
Wheat— on  the  one  hand  owing  to  the  experiments  of 
Messrs.  Carter,  and  on  the  other  by  the  remarks  of 
Mr.  Carruthers  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Briiish 
Association  at  Birmingham.  Messrs.  Carter  justly 
claim  to  have  obtained  great  advances  in  the  quality 
of  Wheat,  whilst  Mr.  Carruthers  has  said  that 
"  Wheat  found  in  the  purely  Biiiish  portion  of  the 
ancient  village  (Winklebury)  explored  by  General 
Pitt-Rivers  is  equal  to  the  average  of  Wheat  culti- 
vated in  the  present  day." 

Without  making  any  attempt  to  support  or  question 
the  views  of  any  writer,  the  accompanying  illuslration 
of  actual  Wheat  grains  {fig.  156)  will  probably  be 
regarded  with  some  interest.  The  upper  grains,  A,  are 
from  Robenhausen,  in  Swilzerland,  and  belong  to  the 
polibhed  stone  age  of  that  country.  The  bottom  row, 
F,  represents  average  Wheat  as  sold  in  the  market 
phc."  of  Dunstable— a  Wheat  growing  district.  It  will 
be  seen  that  the  stone  age  grains  are  very  nearly 
equal  in   siz5  to  the   average  grains  as  now  sold  at 


Paisley  Horticultural  Society.— The  dates 
of  the  shows  intended  to  be  held  by  this  Society 
in  the  forthcoming  year  are  March  31,  April  i,  and 
Septeniber  I  and  3 


Danitable.  The  secmd  row  is  from  a  discovery 
made  near  Salisbury  in  June  of  the  present  year. 
Whilst  some  na/vies  ware  digging  ballast  for  a 
railway  about  18  miles  south  of  Salisbury  a  small 
quantity  of  Birley  and  Ojts  was  found  together  with 
some  three  or  four  sackfuls  of  charred  Wheat  in  a 
hole  which  had  probibly  been  dug  out  as  a  rude 
granary.  Blackened  Wheat  of  the  nature  exhi- 
bited is  often  naturally  carbonised  by  the  action 
of  the  air  ;  but  in  the  Salisbury  examples, 
furnished  to  me  with  particulars  by  Dr.  II.  P. 
Blackmore,  oi  Salisbury,  the  Wheat  had  really 
been  burnt,  as  was  proved  by  the  burnt  con- 
dition of  the  sides  of  the  rude  pit  or  granarj'.  The 
corn  had  been  stored  away  unwinnowed,  and  wa-, 
evidently  a  bearded  Wheal,  as  wa;  proved  by  the 
condition  of  a  large  quantity  of  broken  charred  spikes. 
The  position  was  one  where  quantities  of  Roman 
coins  and  Romano-British  pottery  had  been  previously 
found,  and  Dr.  Blackmore  considers  the  corn  to  date 
from  the  close  of  the  first  century.  The  Salisbury 
Wheat  is  much  smaller  in  size  than  the  Robenhausen 
sample.  In  row  c  are  grains  from  Winklebury,  Wilts, 
Pit  3  ;  these  grains  are  considered  by  General  Pilt- 
Rivers  to  be  British  ;  they  are  equal  in  size  to  the  aver- 
age Wheat  of  the  present  day,  and  it  is  only  reason- 


able to  suppose  that  the  British  grains  are  smaller  in 
size  now  than  at  the  time  of  threshing.  Rows  D  and 
E  are  also  from  Winklebury  Pits  43  and  7  ;  these  are 
considered  by  General  Pitt-Rivers  to  be  Romano-Brit- 
ish, and  it  is  curious  that  they  agree  in  their  small  size 
with  the  Romano-British  examples  from  Salisbjry.  For 
the  opportunity  of  illustrating  the  Winklelmry  grains  I 
am  indebted  to  M'.  Cirruthers.  In  referring  to  the 
small  Winklebury  grains  Mr.  Carruihers  says,  "  The 
two  examples  from  the  later  Romano-British  period 
are  very  much  smaller"  (than  the  truly  British), 
although  they  are  not  unlike  the  small  hard  grains 
still  cultivated  on  thin  chalk  soils."  I  live  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  a  "  thin  chalk  soil,"  and 
I  have  sometimes  seen  Wheat  there  growing  qoite  as 
small  as  the  Romano-British  grains  exhibited.  la 
some  positions  near  where  I  live  the  ploughing  is  ex- 
extremely  shallow  ;  it  appears  to  me  to  be  li:tle  betler 
than  a  mere  raking  of  the  soil.  If  deep,  the  chalk 
would  absorb  all  the  manure,  but  the  ploughing  being 
shallow  the  manure  is  kept  to  the  immediate  surface 
of  the  chalky  ground. 

Wheat  is  of  very  ancient  culture  in  Britain,  the 
oldest  reference  I  know  being  that  of  Pylheas,  the 
Greek  merchant,  in  the  fourth  century  beiore  oureia, 
who  in  his  d.ary  has  described  the  abundance  of  Wheat 
and  its  threshing  in  covered  barns  in  Kent. 

lo  conclusion,  I  may  perhaps  be  excused  for  sug- 
gesting the  existence  of  a  little  exigsjeration  in  some 
of  the  accounts  descriptive  of  the  amount  of  change 
wrought  by  man  in  the  cultivation  of  Wheat  since 
prehistoric  times  in  the  north  of  Europe.  Most 
people  are  still  far  too  credulous.  As  a  great  deal 
ha;  been  said  about  Egypt  and  its  productions 
of  late,  and  especially  of  the  antiquity  of  man 
in  that  country,  the  works  of  Palaeolithic  man 
hiving  probably  been  found  there,  I  will  con- 
clude by  mentioning  a  remarkable  "mare's  nest" 
quite  recently  discovered  by  H.  Villiers  Stuart,  and 
published  in  his  Nile  Gleanings.  In  visiting  the 
Lybian  desert,  Mr.  Stuart,  of  course,  met  with  the 
a'oundant  fossil  wood  of  that  place.  "  I  found," 
writes  Mr.  Villiers  Sluart,  "a  fossil  stick  showing 
t  iree  very  distinct  cuts  made  with  an  axe  of  some 
kind,  while  the  wood  was  still  in  its  natural  state." 

The  examples  of  Wheat  illustrated  are  now  in  the 
Department  of  Botany,  British  Museum,  South  Ken- 
sington.   WorlkiH£lon  G.  Smith,  Dunstable, 


BILLBERGIA    CAPPEI=:BREAUTEANA, 
Hort.   Morren, 

This  is  a  fine  plant,  distinct  from  a  horticultural 
point  of  view,  and  now  flowerinS  at  Kew.  We  bought 
it  under  this  name  last  year  from  the  collection  of  the 
late  lamented  Professor  Morren.  I  cannot  find  any 
record  of  the  name,  but  it  is  so  exactly  intermediate 
between  two  well-known  species,  B.  vittata  and  B. 
pallescens,  i?o/.  yi/a{.,  1.6342(6.  Bakeri,  Morren), 
that  I  strongly  suspect  it  to  be  a  garden  hybrid.  Can 
any  of  your  readers  state  if  such  is  really  the  case  and 
place  on  record  its  history,  for  it  is  a  type  quite 
worth  preserving  as  a  garden  plant  ? 

Acaulescent.  Leaves  about  ten  in  a  rosette,  lan- 
ceolate, rather  horny  in  texture,  narrowed  gradually 
to  an  acute  point,  thinly  white-lepidote  on  the  glossy 
green  face,  copiously  banded  with  white  on  the  back, 
the  central  ones  ij— 2  feet  long,  2— 2i  inches  broad 
at  the  middle,  the  outer  much  smaller  ;  marginal 
prickles  minute,  distant,  erecto-patent,  yellowish- 
green.  Peduncle  cernuous,  I  foot  long  ;  bracts  lan- 
ceolate, bright  crimson,  2 — 3  inches  long,  the  three  to 
four  lower  subtending  the  lower  branches  of  the 
panicle.  Panicle  very  lax  ;  lower  branches  forked  ; 
proper  bracts  minute.  Ovary  cylindrical-trigonous, 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  long,  pale  green,  faintly 
sulcate  ;  sepals  as  long  as  the  ovary,  very  pale  green 
tipped  with  violet.  Petals  protruding  an  inch  beyond 
the  calyx,  oblanceolate-unguiculate,  violet.  Stamens 
about  as  long  as  the  petals  ;  anthers  bright  yellow, 
slightly  versatile. — P.  S.  Since  writing  the  above 
I  find  that  B.  Cappei  is  substantially  identical  with 
B.  Breauteana  Andre,  figured  in  ^.\it_Revtie  Horticok, 
1SS5,  p.  300,  a  cross  between  vittata  and  pallescens 
made  by  M.  Andre's  Gardener,  M.  Breaute.  J.  G. 
Baker. 


December  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


809 


Anthurium  ponctatum,  N.  E.  Brown,  n.  sp. 

This  belongs  to  the  same  group  as  A.  Harrisii, 
A.  Bakeri,  &c.,  and  is  about  equal  to  the  former  as  a 
decorative  plant.  It  was  introduced  from  Ecuador 
by  Mr.  Bull,  and  presented  by  him  to  the  Royal 
Gardens,  Kew,  In  JS79. 

Stemless.  Cataphyllary  or  scale-leaves  2—3  inches 
long,  attenuate  to  an  acute  apex,  soon  becoming 
brown  and  fibrous.  Petioles  6— S  inches  long,  2—3 
lines  thick,  somewhat  compressed,  rounded,  or  with 
an  acute  keel  on  the  back  ;  sometimes  the  keel  is 
confined  to  the  upper  part,  deeply  and  acutely  chan. 
nelled  down  the  face,  with  acute  edges  to  the  channel  ; 
geniculus  tumid,  J  — |  of  an  inch  long.  Blade  of  the 
leaf  14 — 20  inches  long,  2\ — 4^  inches  broad,  in  adult 
forms  usually  about  3  inches  broad,  elongate-oblong, 
cuneate  at  the  base  from  about  a  quarter  of  the  way 
up,  apex  rather  abruptly  acute  or  subobtuse,  with 
a  short  mucro ;  bright  dark  green  above,  paler 
beneath,  marked  with  very  numerous  blackish  dots 
whence  the  name) ;  midrib  rounded  above,  acutely 


.€?i*^ 


{alias  Ccelandria),  no  other  species  having  to  my 
knowledge  such  long  bracts,  which  are  nearly  as 
long  as  the  flower.  But  for  this  one  might  compare 
them  to  those  of  Dendrobium  cumulatum,  though 
they  are  smaller.  Even  the  purple  of  the  sepals  and 
petals  is  similar  to  that  of  the  just  named  species. 
I  have  at  hand  a  fresh  inflorescence  on  its  stem  and 
two  dried  wild  inflorescences,  which  came  over  in  the 
finest  condition  in  alcohol.  Messrs.  Linden  thought  it 
was  better  to  send  these  in  a  good  state  than  to  risk  the 
ruin  of  the  fragile  contents  of  the  bottle  by  pressing 
them  into  a  box  to  save  trouble  to  the  packers.  (I 
have  at  my  side  a  number  of  glorious  Orchids  gathered 
by  one  of  the  most  zealous  collectors  in  a  fresh  dis- 
trict, and  which  are  in  the  most  abominable  state, 
broken,  crushed,  pressed  into  boxes,  after  having  been 
extracted  from  the  bottles.) 

Those  inflorescences  form  capitate  masses.  The 
bracts  are  ligulate  acuminate,  purple-mauve  at  the 
base,  green  at  the  upper  part.  The  basilar  bract  is 
blunt,  and  forms  a  transition  to  the  presumptive  scales. 
The  sepals  are   triangular  and  keeled.     The  mentum 


Fig.  157.— comet  aster, 


keeled  beneath  ;  primary  lateral  veins  sixteen  to 
twenty  on  each  side  of  the  midrib,  slender,  straight,  all 
united  to  theintramarginal  vein,  which  is  one-quarter 
to  one- third  of  an  inch  from  the  margin  ;  peduncle 
12  — 18  inches  long,  terete,  green  or  reddish; 
spathe  spreading  or  reflexed,  3^—42  inches  long, 
seven  lines  broad,  linear-oblong,  cuspidate  acuminate, 
with  reflexed  or  revolute  margins,  reddish  above, 
green  beneath,  becoming  greyish-green  or  pale 
purplish-green  with  age ;  spadix  a  little  tapering, 
7 — 9  inches  long  (probably  ranging  from  6 — S  inches), 
four  lines  thick,  green  when  young,  changing  at  the 
time  of  flowering  to  a  peculiar  brownish  olive-green, 
and  finally  becoming  dark  olive-green.  A  native  of 
Ecuador.  N.  E,  Brown,  Herbarium,  Kew, 

Dendrobium  (Pfdilonum)  bracteosum, 

nov,  sp.*^ 

This  is  a  new   Papuan   introduction   of   Messrs. 

Linden.     It  constitutes  a  new  section  of  Pedilonum 

*  Dendrohium  [PcdilCTtum)  iractct^si  m,  ti.    pp. — Caulibus 
teretibus  (ad  aniculos,    subincrassatis,  an   semper  ? )  ; 


is  about  three-fifths  of  the  length  of  the  free  parts  of 
the  lateral  sepah,  rather  blunt,  and  contracted  before 
the  apex.  Petals  narrower.  Lip  nearly  spatulate, 
a  little  convex  on  the  upper  sides,  much  thicker  at 
the  base,  where  the  thick  part  is  atiruptly  limited  by 
an  insilient  triangle,  greenish-yellow,  changing  to 
yellow  at  last  on  my  table,  bordered  with  some  red- 
dish tints  at  the  anterior  margins.  Column  green. 
There  are  as  many  as  thirty  flowers  in  the  capitate 
mass  in  the  wild  specimens,   ff.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


CONTINENTAL    NOVELTIES. 

Aster  Comet. — This  represents  a  new  and  beau- 
tiful section,  of  the  same  height  and  habit  as  the  Dwarf 
Paeony  Peifection  Asters,  forming  fine,  regularpyramids 

densifloris  multifloris  capitatis ;  bracteis  ligulatis  aCutls  ovaria 
pedicellata  bene  superantibus  :  sepalis  triangulis,  lateralibus  in 
mentum  obtusum  nunc  apice  libero  paulo  conslrictum  extcnsia, 
omnibus  supra  nervum  riiedium  carinatis  ;  tepaUs  ligulatis  acutis, 
labello  ligulato  pandurato  denso  signo  angulato  retrorso  anta 
basin  incraasatam ;  columns  apice  trifida,  lacinia  medians 
lineari,  laciniis  lateralibus  retusis  hinC  miniuisaimo  denticulatia 
poUiniis  atroviolaceis,  !f,  G.  Rchl\ 


12  to  15  inches  high,  and  covered  profusely  with 
large  double  flowers  (fig.  157).  The  shape  of  the  latter 
differs  from  that  of  all  classes  of  Asters  in  cultivation, 
and  resembles  very  closely  that  of  a  large-flowered 
Japanese  Chrysanthemum.  The  petals  are  long  and 
so-newhat  twisted  or  wavy  and  curled,  recurved 
from  the  centre  of  the  flower  outwards  in  such  ' 
a  regular  manner  as  to  form  a  loose  but  still 
dense  semi-globe.  Well  grown  plants  produce 
from  twenty-five  to  thirty  perfectly  double  flowe** 
measuring  from  3^  to  5\  inches  in  diameter.  The 
colour  is  a  delicate  pink  bordered  with  white. 
This  new  section  differs  just  as  conspicuously  from 
the  other  classes  of  Asters  known  and  cultivated 
up  to  the  present  day,  as  the  Japanese  Chrysan- 
themum from  the  ordinary  large-flowering  varieties. 
The  variety  was  raised  by  Messrs.  Haage  &  Schmidt, 
of  Erfuit. 


WINTER    FLOWERS    AT    TRING 

PARK. 

Is  the  gardens  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Roths 
child,  Mr.  E.  Hill,  the  gardener,  seems  to  have 
attained  perfection  in  the  production  of  seasonable 
flowers,  and  more  especially  those  which  may  be 
grown  for  winter  flowering.  It  is  always  pleasant  to 
make  the  tour  of  the  gardens  at  Tring  Park,  the  per- 
fect neatness  and  order  which  prevail  in  it,  from  the 
Orchid-houses  to  the  stokeholes,  from  the  flowet 
garden  to  the  woodland  drives,  afford  an  excellent 
example  of  a  thoroughly  well-managed  garden  and  its 
surroundings.  At  the  present  time  the  large  span- 
roofed  houses  are  gay  with  flowers,  and  much  taste  is 
displayed  in  their  arrangement. 

The  bouses  of  Carnations  contain  a  large  quantity 
of  well-grown  and  profusely-flowered  plants,  which 
fill  the  air  with  their  delightful  perfume.  After  trying 
many  varieties,  Mr.  Hill  comes  to  the  conclusion  that 
for  really  efficient  work  the  choice  should  fall  on  a 
few,  and  these  generally  the  older  kinds.  In  pur- 
suance of  this  evidently  correct  idea  the  main  crop 
now  in  flower  and  for  succession  are  Li  Belle,  pure 
white  ;  Irma,  rosy-carmine  ;  Lucifer,  brilliant  scarlet ; 
Attila,  scarlet  and  white  flake  ;  Andalusia,  yellow  ; 
Miss  Joliffe,  blush  ;  and  Empress  of  Germany,  large 
white,  with  occasional  red  tip  ;  these  produce  their 
flowers  naturally  in  winter,  and  are  much  better  than 
many  of  the  new  varieties,  which  are  in  many  cases 
but  summer-flowering  garden  kinds.  A  few  of 
Gueldres  Rose,  white;  Laura,  fringed  pink  ;  C.  A. 
Hooper,  yellow,  wiih  crimson  edge,  and  some  other 
kinds,  are  grown  for  the  sake  of  variety,  and  for  early 
summer  flower  many  hundreds  of  superb  plants  of 
Souvenir  dc  la  Malmaison,  which  is  always  success- 
fully managed  here. 

The  zonal  Pelargoniums  also  give  a  rich  display, 
the  single  varieties,  and  chiefly  of  Cannell's  varieties, 
being  mostly  grown.  The  whole  house  is  a  blaze  of 
colour,  great  trusses  of  every  lint  of  crimson-scarlet, 
red,  and  pink  being  there  in  countless  numbers.  For 
winter  flowering  white,  Cannell's  Eureka  is  the  only 
one  found  to  come  pure  white,  and  it  well  shows  it^ 
good  qualities  among  the  coloured  varieties,  of  which 
Placci,  a  large  rosy-crimson  ;  Florence  Durant, 
crimson  ;  Henri  Jacoby,  blood-red  ;  Dr.  Rawson, 
dark  crimson  ;  Agnes  Emily,  large  white,  with  pink 
eye  ;  Glow,  salmon-orange  ;  Arthur  Pearson,  bluish- 
crimson  ;  Celia,  large  rosy-mauve ;  W,  B.  Miller, 
scarlet  ;  Alfred,  yellowish-scarlet,  of  Vesuvius  habit  ; 
and  Circulator,  a  fine  reddish-pink,  appear  to  be  the 
best. 

The  house  of  Cyclamens  contains  plants  which  are 
individually  and  collectively  as  near  perfection  as 
possible  ;  for  size  and  colour  of  the  flowers,  and  vigour 
and  beauty  of  leaf  nothing  better  could  be  desired  ; 
they  are  of  Mr.  Charles  Turner's  strain,  and  were 
sown  in  September,  1885.  The  plants  are  effectively 
set  up  with  neat  table  plants  of  Grevillea  robusta 
here  and  there  among  them,  and  a  few  well-flowered 
plants  of  Bouvardias  at  the  back. 

The  houses  of  Poinsettias  just  expanding  their 
showy  scarlet  heads  are  equally  well  arranged,  the 
whole  of  the  staging  being  filled  with  Adiantum 
cuneatum,  among  which  the  scarlet  Poinsettias  are 
arranged,  the  whole  having  a  very  pleasing  effect. 
In  other  houses  are  some  magnificent  Eucharis  and 
other  flowers,  and  in  the  Orchid-houses  the  Calanthes, 
Sophronites,  Odontoglossums,  &c.,  are  effectively 
in  flower ;  while  the  two  large  houses  of  Cattleyas, 
and  the  house  of  Phaljenopsis— both  of  which  are 
cultivated  to  the  very  highest  point  of  excellence  at 
Tring  Park — are  heavily  cropped  with  flower-spikes 
and  buds. 


8io 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  1886. 


MARKET   PLANTS. 

Cyclamens  at  Twickenham.— What  has  been 
written  of  the  Chrysanlhemum  may,  in  a  somewhat 
modified  (orm,  be  applied  to  Ihe  Cyclamen.  Their 
beauty  is  all  the  more  appreciated  because  they  come 
to  us  as  the  last  "sheaf"  of  a  whole  year's  flower 
harvest.  This  flower  is  well  grown  by  Mr.  R.  Clarke, 
Pope's  Grove,  Twickenham  ;  and  apart  from  the 
interest  attaching  to  the  flowers  grown  there,  the 
place  itself  must  ever  possess  attractions  for  admirers 
of  the  great  poet.  Pope.  The  ground  now  covered 
with  glass  structures  was  once  the  kitchen  garden 
attached  to  Pope's  Villa,  and  forming  an  object  of 
peculiar  interest  is  a  grotto,  where,  in  ail  likelihood, 
the  poet  received,  "  far  from  the  madding  crowd,"  his 
glowing  inspirations.  Close  by  is  Strawberry  Hill, 
once  the  residence  of  the  Countess  Waldegrave,  and 
whereat  so  many  brilliant  parties  look  place  in  the 
"good  old  days." 

A  general  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  culture  of  these 
beautiful  flowers  by  Mr.  Clarke  may  be  gleaned  from 
the  fact  that  nearly  900  feet  of  glass  are  devoted  to 
them.  They  are  to  be  seen  in  all  stages  of  develop- 
ment— from  seedlings  showing  their  first  leaves 
through  the  soil,  to  plants  one,  two,  three,  four,  and 
live  years  old.  Rather  than  give  a  full  description  of 
them  I  would  prefer  to  single  out  for  special  notice  a 
few  deserving  sorts. 

We  may  wsll  begin  with  one  named  Albeit  Victor, 
whichhas  very  dark  reddish-crimson  coloured  flowers^ 
perhaps  one  of  the  richest  ever  produced  ;  leaves  prettily 
marbled,  plant  of  vigorous  habit.  There  was  one 
plant  especially  of  this  variety  that  arrested  my  atten- 
tion ;  it  was  in  a  24-sized  pot,  and  gave  the  idea  of  a 
perfect  specimen  of  culture,  and  a  very  Anak  amongst 
its  kind,  clothed  with  flowers,  which  were  set  off  to 
advantage  by  the  healthy  foliage.  A  seedling  from 
Albert  Victor  was  very  noticeable  ;  its  flowers  of  that 
colour  which  maybe  fairly  classed  as  indescribable,  of 
a  rich  velvety  texture.  Brilliant,  a  distinct  variety  of 
the  persicum  type  ;  flowers  of  an  intensely  brilliant 
crimson  colour,  deepening  at  th«  base  to  dark  blood- 
ied, forminga  pretty  and  effective  contrast.  Giganteum 
album,  as  its  name  implies,  of  the  giganteum  section  ; 
a  plant  of  compact  habit,  the  flower  stem  well  thrown 
up  above  the  foliage,  and  a  profusion  of  pure  white 
blossoms  of  great  substance.  It  may  be  mentioned,  in 
passing,  that  the  Twickenham  collection  is  particularly 
strong  in  good  whites.  Rosy  Morn,  a  fine  flower, 
deep  rose,  flushed  faint  purple.  Sunrise,  of  a  beau- 
tiful light  purplish  hue. 

Mr.  Clarke  is  not  only  a  successful  Cyclamen  grower, 
he  "  goes  in  "  largely  for  forcing  Strawberries.  For 
this  purpose,  he  states,  there  is  none  better  than  the 
old  Sir  Charles  Napier.  As  evidence  of  the  apprecia- 
tion in  which  this  particular  variety  is  held  at  Twicken- 
ham on  account  of  its  fetching  a  good  price — an  in- 
fallible test — it  may  be  mentioned  that  from  12,000  to 
14,000  plants  of  it  are  forced  annually.  It  maybe  of 
interest  to  put  on  record  here  that  "  Napier,"  as  it  is 
popularly  called  amongst  the  growers  and  dealers, 
owes  its  birthplace  to  Twickenham,  having  been 
raised  in  the  grounds  of  a  Mr.  Smiih,  a  noted  Straw- 
berry grower  in  the  picturesque  Surrey  village.   B. 


Jh^:    puLB    'CJAF(Df:r 


DOES  NARCISSUS  VIRIDIFLORUS  PRODUCE 
LEAVES  ? 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  at 
South  Kensington  on  December  7  Mr.  G.  Maw 
expressed  an  opinion  that  N.  viridiflorus  produces  no 
true  leaves.  Some  of  the  strongest  of  my  bulbs  after 
flowering  send  up  from  the  crown  additional  growths 
of  smaller  siie  than  the  flower-scapes,  which  I  have 
hitherto  taken  for  leaves,  and  in  spring,  when  their 
growth  is  completed,  I  shall  send  some  to  Mr.  Maw 
(or  examination.  Being  unable  to  work  with  a  micro- 
scope I  cannot  assert  that  these  leaves  have  any 
diflterent  structure  from  the  flower-scape.  In  outline 
they  are  similar— quite  cylindric.  About  this  time  last 
year  I  drew  attention  to  this  in  a  note  to  the  GirJencrs' 
Chronicle,  remarking  that  this  N.  viridiflorus  was  the 
only  Narcissus  I  had  seen  which  was  truly  Rush- 
leaved.  Next  to  it  come  N.  serotinus  and  N.  elegans, 
and  then  N.  jonquilla,  whilst  the  typical  "Rush- 
leaved  "  (N.  juncifolius)  has  flatter  leaves  than  any 
of  the  section  except  perhaps  the  white  forms  of  N. 


triandrus  from  Oporto.  C,  Wo'.ky  Do.l,  Venlnor, 
Dec.  II. 

The  question  raised  by  the  R^v.  C.  Wolley 

Djd  is  one  of  some  interest.  In  their  leaf- 
producing  aspect  autumn-flowering  bulbous  plants 
are  separable  into  two  distinct  sections,  those 
that  produce  leaves  contemporaneously  with  the 
flowers,  and  those,  as  in  the  autumnal  Colchicums, 
and  ten  or  eleven  species  of  autumn-flowering  Croci, 
in  which  the  leaves  are  dormant  at  the  fljwering- 
time,  and  are  not  produced  till  the  ensuing  spring. 
I  lake  exception  to  the  term  "  Rush-leaved "  as 
applied  to  a  group  of  Narcissi,  because  it  brings 
together  a  number  of  species  which  have  obvioujly 
little  natural  affinity,  and  not  one  of  the  species  in  the 
so-called  group  have  cylindrical  leaves,  or  haflike 
organs,  excepting  Narcissus  viridiflorus  and  N.  sero- 
tinus, and  these  I  contend  are  not  true  leaves.  If 
Narcissus  viridiflorus  produces  leaves,  to  which  of  the 
above  sections  does  it  belong?  Are  the  leaves  con- 
temporaneous, or  do  they  form  a  distinct  and  subse- 
quent growth  in  the  spring  ;■  I  have  seen  many 
hundreds  of  N.  viridiflorus  and  of  N.  serotinus  in  the 
wild  state,  and  hive  also  flowered  them  in  cultiva- 
tion, but  have  never  observed  a  leaf-like  organ  pro- 
duced from  the  same  points  of  growth  as  the  scape, 
nor  have  I  observed  after  three  years'  cultivation  of 
Naicissus  viridiflorus  a  second  growth,  commencing 
after  the  autumnal  growth.  My  pots  of  N.  viridi- 
florus are  full  of  Rush-like  growths  and  flowering- 
scapes,  but  they  all  appeared  together,  or  in  rapid 
succession,  and  in  no  case  can  I  detect  that  a  "  leal  " 
and  scape  are  produced  from  the  same  axis  of  growth  ; 
and  I  contend,  therefore,  that  Ihe  leaf-like  growths 
are  merely  small  scapes  that  are  not  strong  enough  to 
produce  flowers.  George  Maw,  F.L.S,,  Benlhall, 
Kenley,  Surrey. 

Narcissus  Panizziani;s  in  Portugal. 
I  have  just  been  favoured  by  Mr.  A.  VV.  Tail  with 
fresh  specimens  of  this  species  flowered  in  his  garden 
at  Oporto  from  roots  collected  last  February  in  the 
province  of  Algarve,  South  Portugal.  Mr.  Tail's 
specimens  exactly  match  those  shown  in  Panizzi's 
photograph  of  the  species  from  San  Remo,  and  I  am 
not  aware  that  it  has  been  previously  recorded  from 
Portugal.  It  is  notably  a  smaller  species  than  the 
nearly  allied  N.  papyraceus,  from  the  Riviera, 
Gibraltar,  and  Northern  Morocco.  I  believe  some  of 
the  Narcissus  cultivated  under  the  name  of  Paper 
White  to  be  Narcissus  Panizzianus,  while  others 
belong  to  N.  papyraceus  j  N.  Panizzianus  is  not 
Dearly  so  large  and  ornamental  as  the  beautiful  white 
Narcissus  papyraceus,  Gawl.  =  N.  niveus,  Lois,  which 
grows  so  abundantly  on  the  Rock  of  Gibraltar.  Good 
figures  of  both  species  are  to  be  found  in  Moggridge's 
Flora  of  Mentone  and  Ihe  Riviera.  George  Maw,  F.L.S. 


ON    THE   FLORA   OF  ICELAND. 

KCoiiduia/rom  p.  7,4.) 

Plants  useful  to  the  natives  in  one  way  or  the 
other  are  :  — 

Angelica  archangelica,  L.,  is  used  as  food;  the 
root  is  daily  used  as  such  in  times  of  scarcity,  or 
when  other  food  is  difficult  to  be  had,  especially  in 
spring  ;  in  autumn  the  natives  gather  the  roots,  and 
preserve  them  in  sand,  or  they  are  kept  under  the 
earth  at  a  sufficient  depth  to  be  out  of  reach  of  the 
frost.  They  are  eaten  with  butler,  as  all  other  food, 
and  also  the  roots  of  Silene  acaulis,  L.,  and  Statice 
Armeria,  L.  Sometimes  they  are  dug  up  in  spring 
and  eaten  either  raw  or  boiled  in  milk. 

Lichen  islandicus,  L.,  the  Icelandic  moss,  is  col- 
lected in  autumn  for  winter  use  ;  it  is  also  boiled 
with  milk,  and  is  then  a  very  nutritious  fjod.  This 
moss  is  also  used  to  dye  woollen  clothes  by  the  people 
of  the  Borgaljord  ;  this  is  done  in  the  following 
manner ;  —They  put  some  of  the  moss  in  the  cloth 
intended  to  be  dyed,  to  which  it  readily  attaches 
itself;  the  piece  of  clothing  is  then  wound  on  a 
wooden  cylinder,  and  the  whole  boiled  in  an  iron  pot 
for  six  hours ;  afterwards  it  is  taken  out  of  the  water, 
unwound,  and  dried  ;  the  colour  thus  acquired  is  a 
dark  but  excellent  yellow. 

Dtyas  octopetala,  L.  ;  the  leaves  of  this  plant  are 
used  as  tea, 

Eriophorum  polystachyum,  L.  ;  the  pappus  of  this 
species  is  used  for  wicks. 

Holcus  lanatus,  L. ,  is  used  as  a  perfumery  for 
clothes  and  rooms  j  it  is  burned  for  this  purpose. 


Of  the  different  species  of  Ramex,  the  leaves  are 
eaten  in  the  same  way  as  on  the  continent. 

Arenaria  peploides,  L.,  is  first  put  in  sour  milk  ; 
then  the  latter  is  poured  off  and  fresh  water  added  ; 
this  beverage  is  thsn  drunk  by  the  natives  with  some 
olive  oil. 

Of  Potenlilla  Anserina,  L.,  the  root  is  often  eaten, 
especially  in  the  southern  part  of  the  country. 

Thymus  Serpyllum,  L  ,  is  used  to  give  the  sour 
milk  an  agreeable  flavour. 

Of  Achillea  Millefolium,  L. ,  a  salve  is  made  with 
butter  for  wounds. 

Zistera  mirina,  L. ,  is  eaten  by  the  cattle;  it  is 
also  used  for  filling  beds. 

Cobresia  herbacea ;  of  this  plant  and  of  some 
species  of  Willow,  the  hairs  of  the  fruits  are  used  fur 
covering  wounds  ;  of  the  wood  ink  is  made,  by 
putting  it  in  a  decoction  of  the  leaves. 

The  different  species  of  Equisetum  are  also  used  as 
food  lor  cattle  and  horses,  as  is  the  case  in  Siberia. 

Lichensarerepresentedby  but  few  species:  especially 
those  growing  on  trees  are  rare.  This  is  explained  by 
Ihe  latter  being  found  in  very  few  specimens  on  the 
iiland  ;  even  those  growing  on  rocks  are  not  at  all 
plentiful  because  the  lava  does  not  favour  the  vegeta- 
tion of  these  plants. 

Of  mosses,  some  rare  or  new  species  are  found  in 
Iceland  ;  many  species  of  the  genus  Jungermannia 
are  indigenous  to  the  island,  yet  the  moss  flora  of 
Greenland,  Spitzbergen,  and  Lrpland  is  relatively 
rich  in  species  compared  with  that  of  Iceland.  Of 
279  Icelandic  species,  215  are  also  found  in  the 
countries  just  named. 

The  coasts  of  the  island  are  exposed  to  a  very  heavy 
swell,  hence  of  Alg;e  there  are  only  a  few  of  the  coarse 
species  to  be  found  ;  the  others  cannot  grow  on  the 
rocky  soil  under  such  circumuances. 

Oi  Fungi  there  occur  very  few  species,  and  these  are 
of  m  importancj  for  the  natives. 

The  cultivation  of  corn  (Oats,  Barley,  and  Wheal) 
has  never  led  to  any  result ;  yet  the  culture  was 
carried  on  in  former  times  on  a  large  scale  because 
nothing  was  imported.  Of  the  Barley  ripe  seeds  can 
be  gathered  when  the  summer  is  very  favourable,  but 
culture  on  a  large  scale  is  too  uncertain. 

Of  Potatos  the  first  were  cultivated  in  175S,  and 
notwithstanding  the  culture  is  not  very  profitable,  it 
is  carried  on  on  a  larger  scale  than  before. 

The  grass  is  the  principal  plant  for  the  Icelandic 
agriculture.  Of  Elymus  arenarius,  L.,  the  seeds  are 
used  in  the  same  way  as  those  of  the  Wheat  on  the 
continent.     The  plant  is  named  Melur, 

The  grass  vegetation  is  better  in  the  northern  than 
in  the  southern  parts  of  the  island;  this  may  be 
regarded  as  very  remarkable,  taking  the  great  differ- 
ence in  climate  into  consideration  ;  but  the  snow  shel- 
ters it  from  the  frost  in  a  greater  degree  than  is  the 
case  in  the  north.  The  harvest  begins  in  July,  when 
the  grass  has  reached  its  greatest  size,  and  lasts  till 
the  end  of  September,  Elymus  arenarius,  L.,  is  cut 
in  August. 

The  growth  is  very  rapid  when  the  snow  melts,  and 
very  often  the  young  plants  appear  out  of  the  snow 
itself  when  there  is  sufficient  sunshine  in  spring.  la 
the  latter  season  it  is,  in  the  first  place,  the  east  wind 
that  prevents  growth  by  its  severe  cold,  and  the 
quantity  of  salt  which  it  carries  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  to  the  island,  and  which  is  often  deposited  as 
crystals  on  the  window  panes  of  the  houses. 

The  whole  area  of  meadow  land  where  hay  is  har- 
vested is  about  103  square  miles  ;  other  grass-land,  of 
less  good  quality,  comprises  about  800  square  miles. 
The  soil  is  not  ploughed  or  sown,  but  everything  is 
left  to  be  done  by  Nature  itself,  there  being  no  mate- 
rials for  that  purpose  on  the  island.  No  doubt  many 
of  the  l^nds  now  lying  waste  could  be  changed  into 
excellent  meadows  were  the  necessary  means  at  hand. 

Many  of  the  houses  at  Reykjavik  have  small  gar- 
dens, where  Cabbages,  Turnips,  and  Potatos,  some- 
times also  Carrots,  are  cultivated ;  the  Turnips  are  of 
common  size,  and  also  the  Potatos ;  Radishes  grow 
very  good,  and  are  to  be  had  in  July  and  August  ; 
Mustard  and  Cress  do  very  well,  and  are  used  as 
vegetables ;  Flax  and  Hemp  were  sown,  but  with  no 
result. 

All  possible  means  have  been  tried  to  cultivate  trees 
on  the  island,  but  the  attempts  have  universally  failed 
even  with  the  most  hardy  species. 

The  following  plants  are  cultivated  in  a  few  places  : 
— Atriplex  hortensis,  L.  ;  Origanum  Majorana,  L.  ; 
Lactuca  saliva,  Petroselinum  sativum,  Hoffm.  ; 
Apium  graveolens,   L.  ;  Pisum  sativum,  L,  ;  Cbeir- 


December  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


;ii 


antfajs  Cheiri,  L,  ;  Lupinus  luteus,  L.  ;  Lavatera 
trimestiis,  L. ;  Ribes  nigrum,  L.  ;  Nigella  damas- 
cena,  L. 

The  whole  flora  (Phanerogams  and  Cryptogams 
vasculares)  consists,  according  to  Stiomfelt,  of  371 
species,  when  all  doubtful  ones  are  omitted  ;  a  small 
number  for  such  an  area  as  that  of  Iceland. 

Many  tropical  fruits,  as  those  of  Mim'>sa  scandens, 
L  ;  Piscidia  Erythrina,  L  ;  Cocos  nucifera,  L  ;  Cucur- 
bita  Lagenaria,  L  ;  Cassia  Fistu'a,  L.  ;  and  Anacar- 
dium  occidentale,  L  ,  are  often  found  washed  on  the 
shores  by  the  warm  north-east  current  originating 
from  Tropical  America  ;  they  are  a'so  seen  on  the 
shores  of  Scotland,  the  Faroes,  and  Norway,  but  in 
the  latter  country  never  south  of  62°  20'  N.  lat. 

The  fossil  flora  of  the  miocene  period  consists, 
according  to  Heer,  of  thirty-seven  species ;  the 
principal  are  :  —  Araucarites  Sternbergi,  Gopp  ;  Pinus 
thalensis  Steersi,  P.  Martinsi,  Heer ;  P,  microsperma, 
Heer;  P.  cemula,  Heer;  P.  Steenstrupiana,  Heer; 
P.  Ingol-  fiana,  Steenstr.  ;  Betula  macrophylla,  (ip. ; 
B.  prisca,  I.tt. ;  B.  Forchhammeri,  Heer ;  Alnus 
Kefersteini,  Gp.  ;  Salix  macrophylla,  Heer  ;  Corylus 
grossedentata,  Heer;  Quercus  Olafseni,  Heer; 
Platanus  aceroides,  Gp. ;  Acer  otopteria,  Gp. ;  Vitis 
islandica,  Heer  ;  Liriodendron  prococcini,  Ung. 

The'character  of  the  whole  fossil  flora  is  decidedly 
North  American,  while  that  of  the  present  flora  is 
European  ;  but  the  miocene  flora  of  Europe  was  also 
that  of  North  America.  Of  thirty. one  fossil  species 
found  in  Iceland,  fifteen  are  also  discovered  in  Europe, 
and  of  these  thirteen  were  trees  very  common  on  the 
island.  Thus  the  European  flora  reached  with  thirteen 
species  up  to  Iceland  ;  tropical  forms  are  not  found. 
The  genera  Liriodendron,  Juglans,  Vitis,  and  Arau- 
carites are  the  most  southern  types. 

The  fossil  flora  of  Iceland  must  have  required  for 
its  existence  a  mean  annual  tcniferature  of  about 
52°.  while  the  present  is  only  32° ;  yet  some  of  the 
species  would  also  vegetate  by  a  mean  7°  higher  than 
the  mean  of  Reikiavik. 

The  decidedly  poor  flora  of  Iceland  proves  that  a 
real  sea  climate  under  such  a  high  latitude  is  very 
disadvantageous  to  vegetation  in  general,  while  it  is 
the  best  for  southern  latitudes.  The  dilTerence  between 
the  Siberian  and  the  Icelandic  vegetation  shows  that 
when  comparing  these  extremes  of  climate  the  con- 
tinental has  the  advantage.   M.  Biiysman. 


fflrrf(i(l  IJotcs  and  |liiamn0S5. 


DENDROBIUM    MACFARLANEI,    Rchb.  j.,  Card. 
Chron.,  October  2r,  1882,  p.  520. 

Mr.  J.  O'Brien  has  kindly  forwarded  me  a  spray 
of  flowers  and  a  sketch  of  the  stem  of  this  very  rare 
plant  whichhad  previouslyonly  been  known  to  me  from 
some  dried  flowers  gathered  by  Mr.  Macfarlane,  and 
kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Harry  Vcitch.  I  learn  from 
Mr.  J.  O'Brien  that  it  came  from  Mr.  C.  Herrin,  of 
Chalfont  Park  Gardens,  Slough.  The  bulb  is  stated 
by  Mr.  J,  O'Brien  to  be  exactly  that  of  Dendrobium 
Farmeri.  A  fusiform,  furrowed  bulb  exceeds  the 
length  of  a  middle-sized  span.  One  leaf  of  oblong 
outline  is  sketched,  one  or  more  having  fallen 
away  before.  There  are  vestiges  of  four  racemose 
inflorescences.  The  flowers  are  quite  excellent  ; 
they  surpass  those  of  Dendrobium  Phalsenopsis, 
and  are  as  large  as  those  of  Dendrobium  formosum 
Berkeleyi,  though  the  inequality  of  the  sepals  and 
petals  changes  Considerably  the  impression.  Sepals 
triangular,  with  a  blunt  rectangular  mentum,  snow- 
white,  with  some  little  purple  margin  at  the  base  ; 
petals  much  longer,  rhomboid,  acuminate,  snow- 
white,  much  longer.  Lip  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as 
petals,  trifid  ;  side  lacinise  basilar,  oblong,  mid-lacinia 
cuneate  oblong  acute,  A  ligulate  callus,  broader  at 
the  base,  furrowed  in  the  middle,  runs  from  the  very 
base  of  the  lip  to  the  base  of  the  mid-lacinia. 
The  lip  is  white,  with  a  purple  area  around  the 
purple  callus,  and  a  big  purple  spot  at  the  end  of 
each  side-lacinia.  Column  white,  purple  on  both 
sides  of  fovea. 

This  Dendrobe,  in  its  chaste  and  glowing  beauty, 
may  one  day  be  an  objsct  of  the  most  ardent  interest 
of  those  who  understand  the  perhaps  not  very  easy  art 
of  keeping  Dendrobia  for  a  longer  time.  I  believe 
the  great  question  is  to  keep  them  at  rest  for  a  long 
while.  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


A  New  "Blue"  Cattleya. 

Dr.  T"hn  Duke,  The  Glen,  Lewisham,  has  been  so 
very  kind  as  to  send  me  a  most  remarkable  flower  of 
Catileya  Loddigesii  which  is  nearly  white,  though 
not  so  white  as  that  of  Mr.  Taulz.  Sepals  and  petals 
bordered  wiih  fine  rose  and  the  lip  too.  The  last 
mentioned  part  has  the  disc  wiih  a  light  wash  of 
sulphur.  Whether  this  is  constant  we  must  wait  to 
know— I  believe  it. 

Rolled  around  the  stalked  ovary  appeared  a  piece 
of  white  paper  wiih  blue  (genuine  blue,  lightest 
Prussian-blue)  lines  and  two  carmine  borders.  It  is 
written  on  it  (not  by  Dr.  Duke):  — "Sir,  we  are  of 
the  opinion  that  this  is  a  blue  colour."  I  should  have 
thought  the  meaning  was,  that  the  lines  were  blue,  and 
to  this  I  should  have  had  no  objection  ;  yet  Dr.  Duke 
tells  me  the  flower  is  alluded  to.  As  to  me,  I  do  not 
think  the  borders  of  the  flowers  are  blue.  But  it  is 
difficult  to  dispute  about  colours.  Perhaps  blue  has 
another  meaning  in  old  England  than  with  us. 
An  excellent  English  lady  showed  me  the  o!her  day  a 
*'  blue  "  cit,  which  to  my  German  eyes  looked  re- 
markably grey.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

BOLLEA    rULVINARIS. 

This  fine  species  has  triangular  flowers,  nearly 
4  inches  across  ;  segments  ovate  acute,  lilac  ;  bp 
convex,  with  very  prominent  yellow  ridges.  A  moder- 
ately high  temperature  is  required  for  its  culture,  and 
the  plant  should  be  grown  in  a  basket  with  coarse 
peat  and  sphagnum,     Lindenia,  t.  61. 

MiLTONIA     SPECTABILIS,    var.     LINEATA, 

is  an  improvement  on  the  type,  the  lip  being  of  a 
delicate  hue  with  nerves  of  a  beautiful  carmine.  The 
Miltonias,  says  M.  Linden,  should  be  grown  under 
full  exposure  to  the  sun  when  their  pseudobulbs  and 
leaves  become  yellowish.  If  kept  in  the  shade  the 
colour  becomes  green,  but  at  the  expense  of  the 
flowers.  Lindenia,  t.  62. 

CYMBIDIUM    r.ir.ANTEUM. 

A  very  fine  variety  of  this  is  now  in  flower  with 
Mr.  F,  W,  Moore,  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens, 
G'asnevin,  Dublin,  The  flowers,  which  are  over 
3  inches  across,  are  borne  fourteen  or  fifteen  on  a 
spike,  and  are  very  richly  coloured,  the  broad  label- 
lum  being  very  brightly  blotched  with  reddish-chest- 
nut on  a  pale  yellow  ground.  Cypripedium  insigne  var. 
maculata,  a  very  rare  and  beautiful  variety,  is  also  in 
bloom  at  Glasnevin.  Its  flowers  are  light  in  colour, 
and  of  the  Maulei  shape,  a  trace  of  that  variety  also 
appearing  in  a  purple  dot  or  two  on  the  top  sepal, 
which  in  other  respects  resembles  the  top  sepal  of  C. 
i.  albo  marginata,  but  is  much  larger  and  flatter. 


WINTER-WORK. 
Snow  should  not  be  allowed  to  accumulate  on 
the  trees  and  shrubs,  but  steps  taken  to  relieve  them 
— if  possible — from  it  as  fast  as  it  falls.  Long  poles 
should  be  used,  and  the  snow-laden  branches  should 
be  moved  gently  upwards  and  allowed  to  fall  down, 
when  the  bulk  will  drop  olT.  One  man  should  go 
hrst  with  a  long  pole  to  ease  the  higher  branches, 
while  another  should  follow  with  a  shorter  one.  The 
necessary  quantity  of  flower  stakes  should  be  got  in 
readiness  for  next  year.  The  old  stock  should  be 
gone  over  on  wet  days,  and  the  decayed  points  should 
be  resharpened.  Where  there  is  abundance  of  Haz;l 
copse,  there  an  ample  stock  of  flower  slicks  can  be 
obtained  for  the  cutting.  These  should  be  secured 
when  snow  prevents  other  work  from  being  carried 
on.  They  should  be  all  trimmed,  sized,  and  tied  in 
bundles  ready  for  use.  A  good  assortment  of  wooden 
labels  should  also  be  made  for  use  in  due  season,  as  al;o 
pegs  for  Verbenas,  Petunias,  &c. 

Hedge  Trimmings  and  Charring  Soil. 
The  clipping  of  hedges  may  now  be  undertaken, 
as  also  the  trimming  of  shrubs.  The  straggling 
shoots  should  only  be  shortened  back.  Avoid  a  stiff 
formal  shape.  AH  trimmings  and  dead  wood  should 
be  made  into  faggots  as  they  are  cut  ;  these,  if  kept 
in  reserve,  will  serve  to  char  the  accumulated  rubbish 
from  the  garden,  or  to  burn  the  clay  soils  of  flower- 


beds. Remove  two  spades  deep  from  the  centre  of 
such  beds  as  it  is  deemed  necessary  to  char,  to  a 
diameter  of  about  6  feet  ;  then  rear  the  faggots  on 
end  pyramid  fashion,  stt  fire  to  to  the  pile,  and  keep 
building  the  soil  removed  around  the  mass,  preventing 
it  bursting  into  flame  if  possible.  The  idea  is  to 
keep  it  smouldering.  As  the  red  fire  appears  at  the 
outer  edge,  keep  adding  more  faggots  and  covering 
up  with  more  soil  until  the  whole  of  the  soil  in  the 
bed  will  be  one  mass  of  charred  n^a'erial.  This  will 
havs  completely  changed  the  character  of  the  soil, 
and  the  most  delicate  rooting  subjects  will  prosper, 
where  formerly  they  could  make  no  way  at  all.  It 
also  gets  rid  of  all  weeds,  vermin,  &'.,  and  a  frfsh 
start  is  thus  obtained.    William  i\I.  Faillie,  I.idon  l/co. 


'pF{UIT3     ^NDEF^     ^QlA33. 


CLTTING  AND    FOTTLING   GRAPES. 

Late  Grapes  should  be  cut  next  week  with  a  good 
length  of  wood  attached  for  inserting  in  bottles  nearly 
filled  with  water,  and  having  a  few  pieces  of  charcoal 
in  each  to  keep  the  water  sweet.  The  bottles  should 
be  allowed  a  sufficient  angle  on  the  shelves  in  the 
Grape-room  to  prevent  the  weight  of  the  individual 
bunches  from  overbalancing^  them,  and  the  space  in 
the  bottle  around  the  shoot  shou'd  be  filled  with 
cotton-wool  to  prevent  evaporation.  The  bottles 
should  be  re  filled  with  water  once  or  twice  during 
the  next  four  or  five  months,  so  thnt  the  end  of  the 
wood  attached  to  the  bunch  of  Grapes  shall  be  in 
contact  with  the  water. 

Pruning  the  Vines. 

I  never  observe  any  hard-and-fast  line  in  carrying 
out  this  operation,  but  simply  prune  back  to  a  good 
plump  bud  irrespective  of  its  being  the  first  or  fourth 
one  from  the  main  stem  ;  if  the  latter  bud  \z  stlected 
the  two  immediately  preceding  it  are  cut  dean  away, 
leaving  the  bud  close  to  the  rod  to  make  bearing 
wood  for  another  year,  the  long  spurs  being  cut  hard 
back  at  pruning  tim^^  next  year,  as  should  be  done 
where  any  such  are  found  on  the  Vines  this  year  if  found 
advisable.  If  the  wounds  are  likely  to  bleed  dress 
with  Thomson's  styptic.  A'ter  thoroughly  cleansing 
the  house  inside  and  out  proceed  to  remove  with  the 
hand  the  loose  bark  on  the  Vines,  and  then  wash 
them  with  a  solution  consisting  of  4  oz,  of  soft-soap 
dissolved  in  a  gallon  of  warm  water  and  two  hand- 
fuls  of  sulphur,  well  mixed,  rubbing  it  well  into  the 
crevices  round  the  spurs,  &c,,  with  a  stififish  brush, 
taking  care,  however,  not  to  injure  the  buds  in 
doing  so. 

The  Borders. 

These  should  next  have  attention.  The  loose  sur- 
face soil  to  the  depth  of  a  few  inches — indeed,  down 
to  the  roots— should  be  removed  and  replaced  with  a 
compost  consisting  of  fibry  loam,  old  mortar  rubble, 
wood-ashes,  and  horse-droppings,  at  the  rate  of  five 
cartloads  of  loam,  one  load  of  mortar  rubble,  and  the 
same  quantity  of  wood  ashes  and  horse-droppings, 
and  three  or  four  barrowfuls  of  fresh  soot,  and  three 
or  fourhundredweighlof  Thomson's.  Vine  and  and  plant 
manure,  well  mixed  ;  following  this  with  a  surface- 
dressing  of  horse-droppings,  and  a  good  soaking  of 
tepid  water,  as  well  as  a  liberal  circulation  of  fresh 
air,  until  the  time  for  starting  the  Vines  in  the  respec- 
tive houses  arrives. 

Early  Vines, 

Pot  Vines  and  others  early  s'arted  should  have  all 
superfluous  shoots  rubbed  off  as  soon  as  it  can  be 
seen  which  are  best  to  be  left  on  each  Vine  ;  and  all 
the  bunches  showing  on  the  individual  laterals  but 
one  should  be  removed  as  they  appear,  leaving,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  the  best  ;  and  ihtse,  after  the  berries 
aie  set,  should  be  reduced  in  number  to,  from  seven 
to  nine,  according  to  the  length  and  strength  of  each 
permanent  Vine,  and  five  bunches  will  be  enough  for 
each  pot  Vine  to  carry.  As  soon  as  the  buds  show 
signs  of  bursting,  the  night  temperature  should  be 
raised  to  55^  and  5°  higher  as  soon  as  the  bunches 
appear,  and  5°  more  when  they  come  into  flower  and 
until  the  berries  are  set,  with  a  corresponding  increase 
in  the  day  temperature.  The  atmosphere  in  the  house 
up  to  the  time  of  the  Grapes  coming  into  flower 
should  be  moist  rather  than  otherwise,  and  the  reverse 
of  this  when  the  bunches  ate  in  flower,  so  as  to  secure 
a  good  set,  and  with  this  object  in  view,  a  camel's- 
hair  brush  or  a  rabbit's  tail  tied  on  to  a  stick,  should 
be  passed  over  the  bunches  about  mid-day  until  the 
berries  are  set,  when  they  should  be  thinned,  and  a 
growing  temperature  be  maintained.  H.  IV,  Wajxi^ 
Longford  Castle, 


8l2 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  iSSG. 


Appointments  for  the  Ensuing  Week. 

SALES. 

WEDNESDAY,  f 

Dec.  29.  I 

THURSDAY,  (  Sale  of  Lilies  imported  from  Japan, 

Dec.  30.  \  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

FRIDAY,  (  Sale  of  Imported  Orchids,  at  Pro- 

Dec.  31.  I  theroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 

SATURDAY,  (  Sale  of  Hardy  Plants  and   Bulbs, 

Jan,  1.  \  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


Any  one  who  turns  over  the  pages 
'^'"T/i°^"'°  °f  "'^  gardening  journals  for 
the  present  year,  or  who  indulges 
in  a  little  retrospection,  will  see  that  the  year 
now  drawing  to  a  close  has  been  a  particularly 
busy  one.  Nor  will  the  retrospect  prove  any- 
thing but  satisfactory.  In  spite  of  the  dismal 
Jeremiads  of  the  Laureate,  there  has  been 
real  progress.  Evolution,  no  doubt,  has  been 
accompanied  by  reversion ;  it  must  be  so  ;  but  on 
the  whole  a  real  march  forward  has  been  made. 
We  have  not  yet  become  stagnant  in  the  cycle 
of  Cathay,  and  we,  as  horticulturists — happier 
than  the  Laureate — can  still  look  forward 
with  confident  hope  to  the  future.  We  have 
had  our  cynical  growls  over  rates  and  taxation, 
extraordinary  tithes,  allotments,  depression  of 
trade,  and  the  miserable  returns  obtained  by 
the  growers  and  manufacturers  of  garden  pro- 
duce ;  but,  then,  we  always  have  such  little 
elements  of  bitterness  in  our  cups,  and  we  can- 
not think  that,  on  the  whole,  the  draught  has 
been  more  unpleasant  than  usual.  At  any  rate 
there  has  been  no  relaxation  of  work,  and  work 
of  itself  is  a  boon  and  is  sure  to  tell  in 
the  long  run.  It  is  not  for  us  to  speak  of  the 
work  of  individuals,  but  collectively  the  work  of 
the  year  has  been  great,  and  we  cannot  doubt 
its  ultimate  good  result. 

Alluding  as  we  do  in  particular  to  public 
work,  we  have  first  in  order  to  note  the 
success  of  the  Primula  Conference.  Special- 
isation is  the  order  of  the  day,  but  it  involves 
no  new  principles,  but  only  an  expansion 
of  the  old,  and  we  may  venture  to  say  that 
the  special  action  in  this  case  has  very  mate- 
rially aided  the  cause  of  Horticulture,  and 
shown  that  the  cultus  of  florists'  flowers  is  by 
no  means  necessarily  the  narrow  and  restricted 
affair  it  is  often  made  to  be.  Another  proof  of 
the  same  kind  was  afforded  by  the  Potato  Ter- 
centenary, which  was  the  last  celebration  of  the 
kind  for  the  year,  and  which,  though  badly 
managed  and  poorly  attended,  elicited  a  large 
amount  of  information  of  a  very  varied  cha- 
racter. Between  these  two  celebrations,  if  we 
may  so  call  them,  there  was  a  host  of  others. 
Roses,  Carnations,  Dahlias,  Chrysanthemums, 
Apples,  Pears,  Gooseberries,  and  Grapes,  each 
had  its  gala  day  in  the  metropolis  and  endless 
commemorations  elsewhere. 

The  most  important  of  the  whole  was  the 
great  Provincial  Exhibition  at  Liverpool — 
an  admirable  show,  which  excited  keen  in- 
terest among  horticulturists,  but  which  we  are 
sorry  and  astonished  to  add  was  met  with  utter 
indifference  by  the  Liverpool  public.  We  can- 
not stay  now  to  discuss  how  or  why  this  was  so  ; 
most  of  the  conditions  were  favourable,  not 
even  excepting  the  weather ;  the  political 
weather  at  the  time  was,  however,  stormy.  Let 
us  attribute  the  failure  to  that  cause. 

The  great  interest  of  the  year,  however, 
culminates  in  the  magnificent  Indo-Colonial 
Exhibition.  It  is  impossible  to  over-estimate 
the  importance  of  this  to  the  country  at  large, 
and  so  far  as  our  special  subject  was  con- 
cerned, no  finer  display  of  the  possibilities  of 
plant-culture,  forest-conservancy,  and  of  the 
resources  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  generally, 
has  ever  been  got  together.  All  this  was 
palpable  and  tangible,  and  the  lessons  it  con= 
veyed  must    sink  deeply  into   our   minds.     If 


in  some  respects  the  display  was  discouraging 
as  regards  the  British  farmer  and  gardener, 
the  boundless  possibilities  it  opened  in  other 
directions  ought  to  supply  ample  compensation. 

Less  strikingly  apparent,  but  in  their  way 
equally  important,  are  the  slow  and  sure  ad- 
vances of  science.  Practical  experience  must 
ever  be  the  most  important  factor  in  a  practical 
art,  but  if  that  experience  is  to  be  utilised  and 
turned  to  good  account  by  improving  old  and 
opening  up  new  methods,  it  must  be  by  the  aid 
of  science.  Accumulated  experience  is  only 
simple  addition— add  to  it  the  teachings  of 
science,  and  it  becomes  multiplication  ;  and 
more  than  this,  science— that  is,  increased 
knowledge — opens  up  prospects  which  mere 
experience  never  could  attain  to  or  utilise. 
The  steady  increase  of  our  knowledge  of  root- 
action,  of  the  mode  of  life  of  Bacteria,  on  which 
the  fertility  of  our  soils  depends ;  of  the  co-opera- 
tion of  fungi  and  other  plants,  may  be  cited  as 
among  the  many  cases  where  increased  know- 
ledge must  inevitably  tend  to  amelioration  of  prac- 
tice, and  greater  economy  of  production.  From 
this  point  of  view  the  experiments  made  at  Chis- 
wick  on  the  mode  of  growth  of  Potatos  under 
various  circumstances,  the  experiments  carried 
out  with  so  much  spirit  by  Messrs.  Sutton  at 
Reading  in  the  case  of  Potatos,  and  by 
Messrs.  Carter  in  the  case  of  Wheat,  are 
encouraging  for  the  future.  When  practical 
men  thus  see  the  desirabflity  of  adopting 
scientific  methods  in  the  conduct  of  their 
business  the  outlook  is  indeed  hopeful,  and  as 
such  may  be  commended  to  the  attention  of  the 
cynical  Laureate.  Though  less  distinctly  scien- 
tific, the  experiments  on  Tobacco  culture  made 
by  Messrs.  Carter  and  others  are  deserving  of 
all  commendation  ;  for,  even  if  they  should 
ultimately  prove  unsatisfactory,  they  will  at  least 
emphasise  the  necessity  of  getting  out  of  narrow 
routine,  and  prove  useful  by  devising  new 
methods  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  the  times. 

Conscious  of  the  necessity  for  an  enlarged 
education  of  our  young  gardeners,  in  order  to 
enable  them  to  compete  on  equal  terms  with 
their  much  better  equipped  brethren  of  the 
Continent,  we  offered  some  prizes,  which  were 
awarded  at  the  Liverpool  show  by  Sir  Trevor 
Lawrence,  the  President  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society,  and  which,  we  are  glad  to  say, 
elicited  much  attention  on  the  part  of  young 
gardeners,  and  brought  out  some  excellent 
papers. 

Among  new  books  relating  to  our  subject, 
the  Lectures  on  Physiology  of  Dr.  Vines 
must  necessarily  hold  a  foremost  place,  though 
exclusively  scientific.  Mr.  Maw's  Mono- 
graph of  Crocuses  is  a  first-rate  illustration 
of  what  a  monograph  should  be,  and  shows 
how  manifold  are  the  studies  required  in  the 
investigation  of  so  common  a  thing  as  a  Crocus. 
Messrs.  Cassell's  Popular  Gardening  is  note- 
worthy for  containing  not  only  the  latest  resumd 
of  practical  matter,  but  a  general  sketch  of 
modern  theoretical  horticulture,  such  as  is  not 
to  be  found  elsewhere.  Mr.  Gill's  Dictionary 
of  Gardening,  edited  by  Mr.  Nicholson,  may 
also  be  mentioned  as  within  its  limits  by  far 
the  best  and  most  reliable  dictionary  of  garden 
plants  yet  published.  Dr.  Masters'  Vegetable 
Teratology  has  been  re-published  in  Germany, 
with  large  additions  by  the  author  and  the 
editor,  Herr  Dammer,  so  as  to  render  its 
information  as  complete  as  possible.  A  similar 
remark  may  be  made  with  reference  to  Dr. 
SORAUER's  Treatise  on  Plant  Diseases. 

At  Kew  Mr.  MORRIS  has  been  appointed 
Assistant  Director,  and  by  his  zeal  and  energy 
the  work  done  by  this  magnificent  establish- 
ment may  confidently  be  expected  to  be  even 
more  extended  than  it  is  now.  Mr.  NICHOL- 
SON and  Mr.  WaTSON  jointly  fill  the  post 
vacated  by  Mr.  John  Smith,  whose  retirement 
will  be  regretted  by  many  who  experienced  his 
kindness. 


The  condition  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  excites  the  gravest  apprehensions  among 
its  adherents.  The  ordinary  work  of  the  year 
has  indeed  been  carried  on  vigorously  and 
well,  but  there  is  a  thick  cloud  overhanging  its 
affairs  which  we  may  hope  the  Council  will 
soon  be  able  to  dispel,  or  at  least  let  us  know 
the  worst. 

The  Gardeners'  Benevolent  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  prosperous,  and  effecting  a  great  deal  of 
good.  It  is  impossible  to  mention  this  Insti- 
tution without  an  allusion  to  the  Secretary,  Mr. 
CuTi  ER,  who  has  made  it  what  it  is,  and  who 
may  be  trusted  to  develope  its  usefulness  still 
further  if  backed  up,  as  he  should  be,  by  the 
efl!orts  of  the  gardening  community. 

The  Obituary  list  of  the  year  is  not  so  long 
as  in  some  years.  The  historian  of  British 
gardening,  and  so  long  connected  with  the 
Journal  oj  Horticulture  as  one  of  its  editors, 
has  concluded  a  long  life  of  honourable  activity 
and  marked  usefulness.  Zadok  Stevens  will 
be  mourned  as  an  excellent  example  of  a  first- 
class  practical  gardener,  and  Charles  Green 
will  long  be  remembered  for  his  almost 
unique  knowledge  of  plants  and  their  culture. 
Horticulture  generally  has  not  of  late  years 
sustained  so  severe  a  loss  as  that  occasioned 
by  the  death  of  the  learned,  the  energetic,  and 
genial  Edward  Morren.  Day  after  day  as 
journalists  we  experience  the  magnitude  of  our 
loss  and  note  the  void  made  by  the  death  of  a 
man  who,  though  so  eminent  and  so  useful,  must 
have  been  personally  unknown  to  the  great 
majority  of  our  readers.  To  our  Belgian  friends 
the  loss  must  of  course  be  more  severe  than 
to  ourselves.  We  can  only  hope  that  in  that 
prosperous  little  kingdom  some  one  may  be 
found  in  a  measure  to  supply  his  place. 

Of  the  New  Plants  of  the  year  we  hope  to  be 
able  to  speak  on  another  occasion.  This 
sketch — fragmentary  and  superficial  as  it  is — 
may  serve  to  show  that  horticulturists  have 
reason  to  be  well  satisfied  on  the  whole  with 
the  progress  made  in  1SS6,  and  with  the 
promise  of  future  development  in  1S87. 


Our  Almanac — With  this  number  we  pre- 
sent our  readers  with  a  supplement  in  the  form  of  a 
coloured  almanac  for  the  coming  year,  and  which  em- 
bodies as  usual  a  large  amount  of  information  useful 
to  the  gardening  fraternity.  The  daily  mean  tem- 
perature is  that  deduced  from  the  records  kept  at 
Chiswick  for  so  many  years,  and  corrected  by  Mr. 
Glaisher.  It  cannot,  of  course,  be  accepted  as  a 
certain  indication  of  the  temperature,  but,  at  any 
rate,  it  shows  the  average  results  for  about  half  a  cen- 
tury. The  body  of  the  almanac  contains  a  complete 
list  of  the  most  important  metropolitan  meetings  and 
exhibitions  as  announced  up  to  the  present  time.  If 
the  arrangements  of  many  provincial  and  local 
societies  are  not  included,  it  is  because  iheir  schedules 
are  not  issued  till  late  in  the  year.  The  meetings  of  the 
greatest  importance  to  the  horticultural  public,  such 
as  those  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  and 
Royal  Botanic  Society,  are  all  inserted,  as  well  as 
those  of  the  Linnean  Society,  the  Chrysanthemum, 
Carnation,  and  Auricula  Societies.  As  to  the  design, 
while  we  are  afraid  that  the  artist  would  not  find 
favour  with  the  florists,  he  at  least  deserves  some 
credit  for  his  arrangement  of  the  6owers,  which  in 
the  matter  of  lightness  and  individuality  and  grada- 
tion of  shadow  sets  a  lesson  to  the  bouquetists  of 
Covent  Garden.  The  design  may  furnish  a  hint  to 
those  of  our  readers  who  have  to  decorate  corridors 
and  similar  large  spaces,  for  which  the  large  bowl, 
filled  as  in  our  design  and  raised  on  an  elegant  tripod, 
is  well  suited. 

POLVOONUM    SACHALINENSE.— Docks     and 

their  allies,  as  a  class,  are  not  looked  on  with  much 
favour  in  the  garden,  nevertheless  there  are  some 
among  them  which,  on  account  of  their  bold  habit, 
brilliant  flowers,  or  other  qualities,  are  worthy  inmates 
even  of  the  most  select  garden.  Among  them  is  the 
subject  of  our  illustration  (fig.  158),  first  described  by 
F.  Schmidt,  in  his  Primilia  Flora  Amuremii, 
1853,  p.  233,  and  in  our  columns  in  1870,  p.  1599, 


The  Gardeners'  CKronicIe.l 


FlO,    ,58.-POLYOONUM  SACHALiNENSE  :    HARbV  rikSNN.AL,   SHOWING  THE  SEED-VESSELS       (SEE  f.   Iil2.)  ^^^^^^^^^  , 


8i4 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  1886. 


when  first  introduced  inio  English  gardens  by  Mr.  W. 
Bull.  In  a  wild  slate  in  the  island  of  Sachalin, 
north  of  Japan,  the  plant  exceeds  the  height  of  a  man, 
and  in  this  country  it  attains  nearly  as  large  propor- 
tion?. It  forms  a  bold  tuft  of  stout  reddish  slightly 
arching  stems,  with  broad,  ovate,  acute  leaves, 
12  — iS  inches  long,  and  a  multitude  of  sm.i'i  greenish- 
white  flowers,  which  are  succeeded  by  the  obovate 
winged  seed  cases,  shown  in  our  illustration.  On  its 
first  introduction  we  commended  it  as  suitable  for 
shrubberies  and  waste  places,  but  its  m.issive  stateli- 
ness  of  habit  h.is  since  won  it  a  place  on  the  lawn  as 
a  specimen  plant,  than  which  few  are  more  effective. 
It  is,  however,  objectionable  in  such  a  situation,  from 
its  propensity  to  throw  up  suckers  at  a  distance  from 
the  parent  plant.  It  is  perfectly  hardy  and  the  seeds 
might  be  useful  in  covers  where  game  is  preserved. 
There  is  a  coloured  figure  and  description  of  the 
plant  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  in  the  Bolanical  Mag- 
azine, t.  6540 

"Veitch's    Manual    of   Orchidaceous 

Plants." — This  work,  the  early  publication  of  which 
is  announced,  is  uniform  with  the  Manual  of  ConiJer,t , 
royal  8vo,  and  will  be  illustrated  with  maps  and 
numerous  engravings.  The  work  contains  descriptions 
of  all  the  most  important  species  and  varieties  culti- 
vated under  glass  in  Great  Britain,  with  information 
concerning  their  origin,  botanical  history,  date  of 
introduction,  together  with  cultural  notes,  &c.  It  is 
compiled  to  supply  amateurs  and  cultivators  of 
exotic  Orchids  with  a  fuller  account  of  the  principal 
genera,  species,  and  varieties  cultivated  under  glass 
than  is  contained  in  the  manuals  hitherto  in  use.  The 
rapid  extension  ol  Orchid  culture  during  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century,  resulting  from  the  increased  taste 
for,  and  'appreciation  of,  this  beautiful  and  interest- 
ing order  of  plants,  has,  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  opinion, 
created  a  demand  which  they  are  now  attempting  to 
supply.  So  numerous  are  the  species  and  varieties  of 
Orchids  at  present  in  cultivation,  and  to  which  addi- 
tions are  constantly  being  made  by  new  discoveries 
and  by  artificial  hybridisation,  that  the  labour  attend- 
ing the  compilation  ofa  manual  sufScientlycomprehen- 
siveto  meet  the  wants  of  cultivators  must  necessarily 
demand  much  time.  Messrs.  Veitch  have,  therefore, 
decided  upon  issuing  the  work  in  parts,  each  part 
containing  a  monograph  of  the  cultivated  species  and 
varieties  of  one  of  the  most  important  genera,  or  of  a 
group  of  genera.  Part  I.,  Odontoglossum,  is  now 
ready,  and  will  be  followed  by  Part  II.,  Cattleya  and 
LKlia  ;  Part  III.,  Dendrobium  ;  Part  IV.,  Cypripe- 
dium,  &c, 

—  "The  Gardeners'  Magazine."  —  The 
Christmas  number  of  our  contemporary  is  looked  for 
with  eagerness,  for,  intermingled  with  the  business- 
like records  and  solid  information  which  are  pro- 
vided weekly,  there  is  sure  to  be  some  fun  and  some 
pathos  provided  for  this  special  occasion.  Grave  and 
gay,  poetic  and  prosaic,  but  never  prosy,  and  with  lots 
of  pictures,  those  will  indeed  be  difficult  to  please  who 
do  not  find  something  to  their  taste  in  the  Christmas 
number  ol  the  Mas^aJne.  "A  Cool  Market  in  the 
Snowy  North"  has  a  wonderful  resemblance  to  Covent 
Garden. 

"Sutton's  Pocket  Garden  Calendar  for 

18S7  "  will  be  found  a  useful  reminder  to  amateurs  and 
others,  who  will  not  be  distressed  with  the  weight  of 
the  book,  while  they  will  have  something  of  value  in 
their  pockets  if  this  be  included  among  their  contents. 

"The  Botanical  Magazine."— The  De- 
cember number  of  this  centenarian  publication  con- 
tains figures  of : — 

Alpinia  mutica,  t.  6908.— A  noble  species,  with 
lanceolate  leaves,  sheathing  stalks,  and  spike-like 
cymes  of  flowers,  the  segments  of  which  are  of  an 
ivory  colour  lipped  with  pink,  the  large  lip  being 
trowel-shaped,  orange,  with  radiating  red  lines.  It 
is  a  native  of  Borneo,  and  flowered  at  Kew, 

Aristohchia  clcgans,  I.  6909,  and  Car(<cnlcria 
californua,  t.  69 11,  have  already  been  figured  in  our 
columns^. 

Geranium  tuberosum,  t.  6910.— This  is  the  Afghan 
form  of  the  species,  and  is  here  distinguished  under 
the  varietal  name  Charlesi.  It  has  a  singular  necklace 
shaped  rhizome,  the  joint  of  which  are  superposed  one 
upon  the  otherlike  beads  in  a  necklace.  The  leaves 
are  palmate,  deeply  divided  into  numerous  narrow 
segments,  and  the  flowers  are  borne  in  cymes,  each  of 


the  diameter  of  a  sixpence,  rosy-pink,  with  darker 
coloured  veins. 

Asler  Stracheyi,  t.  6912,  has  the  habit,  stolons  and 
foliage  of  Hieracium  Pilosella,  with  erect  flower-stalks 
terminated  by  a  head  of  lilac-rayed  flowers  resembling 
those  of  Eiigeron  mucronatum,  but  with  the  florets 
rather  less  narrow.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Western 
Himalayas,  and  flowered  at  Kew  in  1885. 

"British  Orchids."— Mr,  A.  D.  Webster 

has  published  a  handy  little  volume  on  the  structure 
and  life-history  of  British  Orchids,  with  special 
reference  to  their  culture.  It  will  be  our  duty  to  lay 
before  our  readers  an  account  of  the  little  volume,  for 
the  preparation  of  which  Mr.  Webster  has,  as  we 
know,  had  special  facilities  ;  but  we  must,  in  view  of 
the  extensive  literature  pertaining  to  the  subject  since 
Darwin  first  popularised  it,  express  our  surprise  at 
Mr.  Webster's  statement  that  •■  There  are  few  plants 
that  have  received  less  attention  and  about  which 
greater  ignorance  prevails  than  our  native  Orchids." 
We  should  have  said  that  of  all  our  wild  plants  there 
are  none  that  have  received  more  attention  of  late 
years, 

Messrs.  Carter's  Seed  Catalogue  and 

Vade  Mecum. — This  useful  guide  in  matters  per- 
taining to  gardening,  especially  to  the  amateur,  is  now 
before  us.  It  is  profusely  illustrated  with  woodcuts 
and  coloured  plates  representing  the  newest  and  most 
popular  varieties  of  roots,  vegetables,  and  flowers— 
amongst  the  figures  of  vegetables  there  being  a  life- 
sized  one  of  a  growing  plant  of  Pea  Carter's  Antici- 
pation, a  variety  whose  quality,  may  be  judged 
from  the  testimonials  adduced.  The  colours  of  the 
florists'  flowers  are  of  the  brightest,  and  the  forms 
of  the  flowers  and  roots  are  of  the  usual  distressing 
regularity  of  outline.  The  sketch  of  the  Model 
Cucumber  seems  to  be  "out  of  focus,"  as  the 
ground  is  piled  with  examples  that  are  of  Titanic 
proportions, 

"The  Building  News."— This  journal  is 

almost  too  generous.  When  so  much  is  given  for  a 
small  sum  doubts  as  to  quality  arise.  To  allay  these 
at  once,  we  advise  all  concerned  to  buy  a  copy,  and 
judge  for  themselves.  Having  done  so,  if  they  do  not 
say  they  have  got  value  for  their  money  in  all  ways 
we  shall  not  set  much  store  on  their  opinion.  More- 
ton  Hall,  Cheshire,  and  some  of  the  other  illustrations, 
in  widely  different  styles  of  architecture,  should  be 
valuable  as  suggestions  to  the  landscape  gardener, 
who,  too  often,  does  not  sufficiently  harmonise  the 
outlines  of  his  flower-beds  with  those  of  the  buildings 
near  which  they  are  placed. 

Rose  Her  Majesty.— Mr.  Bennett  asks 

us  to  insert  the  following  note  :— "  I  am  compelled 
once  more  to  refute  a  misstatement  ol  '  Wild  Rose  ' 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  December  II.  lie 
states  that  I  'announced  "Her  Majesty  "  as  a  cross 
between  two  H.P.'s,  I  believe,  although  I  never  hap. 
pened  to  see  his  announcements.'  I  desire  to  give 
the  most  emphatic  contradiction  to  this  statement. 
In  point  of  fact  I  have  never  announced  this  Rose, 
having  disposed  ol  the  whole  property  privately  to  an 
American  florist.  H.  Bennett,  Shepperlon." 

MiSTLETO.  —  The  cider  orchards  of  Nor- 
mandy contribute  largely  to  the  supply  of  this 
essential  in  our  festivities  at  this  season  ;  in  fact,  it  is 
from  that  part  of  France  that  by  far  the  largest 
quantity  is  received  in  London  daily,  coming  in  crates 
of  about  27  cubic  feet  capacity.  These  crates  are 
numbered  by  thousands  per  diem. 

Chiswick    Horticultural    Society.  — 

At  a  meeting  of  the  committee,  held  on  December  16, 
it  was  decided  to  hold  the  summer  show  on  Thursday, 
July  14,  1887 ;  and  the  autumn  show  on  Thursday, 
November  17. 

French  Beans,— These  can  now  be  bought 

from  retail  shops  for  is,d.  per  pound,  and  the  question 
naturally  arises— where  do  they  come  from  ?  It  is 
from  Madeira  and  the  south  of  France,  but  chiefly 
from  the  former  island,  whence  they  arrive  at  Covent 
Garden  Market  in  large  quantities,  packed  in  cases 
consisting  of  lour  boxes  bound  together  ;  each  box  is 
about  3  feet  by  4  inches,  and  the  entire  case  contains 
about  14  lb.  weight.  The  supply  from  the  south  of 
France  is  much  smaller,  and  the  packages  hold  only 


about  I  lb.  each.  These  Beans  are  quite  fresh,  very 
chan,  and  being  sold  at  i^d.  per  pound,  must  run  the 
forced  English  Beans  out  of  the  market. 

Ghent   "Chambre    Syndicale."— At  a 

meeting  held  on  Monday,  the  13'h  inst.,  the  fallow- 
ing awards  were  made  :  — 

First-class  Certificates.— To  M.  Ad.  D'Haene,  for 
Calanthe  Veitchi  rosea-alba  ;  to  M.  Louis  Van  Houlte, 
for  Cypripedium  Leeanum  and  for  Cypripedium  Lee- 
anum  superbum  ;  to  M.  Jules  Bye,  lor  Cypripedium 
caudatum  roseum  splendens,  Cypripedium  politum.  and 
for  Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum  var.  extra  ;  to  Messrs 
Boelens  Bros.,  for  Odontoglossum  Alexandra:  var.  alba  ; 
to  M.  Louis  Desmct-Duvivier,  for  Dracoena  Iragrans 
aurea  lineata. 

Cultural  Certificates.— To  Madime  V.  Van  Acker- 
Maenhout,  for  Tillandsia  tessellata ;  to  M.  Bernard 
Spae,  for  Cycas  circinalis  ;  and  to  M.  Jules  Hye,  for 
Restrepia  antennifera. 

Commendations  for  Culture.— To  M.  Jules  Hye,  for 
Cypripedium  tonsum  and  for  Cypripedium  sylheterise  ; 
to  M.  Spae-Vandermeulen,  for  Cycas  siamensis. 

_ Midwinter  Chrysanthemums.— The  Na- 
tional Chrysanthemum  Society,  with  the  object  of 
eiicouraging  the  cultivation  of  this  flower  in  mid- 
winter, when  greenhouse  flowers  proper  are  but  few 
are  offering  good  money  prizes  to  be  competed  for  at 
the  Aquarium,  Westminster,  on  Wednesday  and 
Thursday,  January  12  and  13  next.  There  are 
various  prizes  for  cut  blooms  of  any  varieties  for 
collections  of  cut  blooms  of  special  kinds,  and  for 
bouquets,  but  none  for  Chrysanthemum  plants. 

North   of    Scotland     Horticultural 

Association.— The  last  monthly  meeting  of  the  year 
of  this  Association  was  held  on  Friday  evening,  the 
17th  inst.,  in  the  Christian  Institute,  -Aberdeen.  There 
was  a  full  attendance  of  members,  and  the  President 
Mr.  A.  ROESON,  occupied  the  chair.  Papers  on 
"  Rare  Vegetables,"  were  read  by  Mr.  J.  Wilson, 
Charleston  Gardens,  and  Mr.  R.  Grigor,  Sunny- 
bank,  both  of  whom  treated  the  subject  in  a  very  in- 
telligent and  entertaining  manner.  A  paper  on 
"Potatos,"  by  Mr.  R.  Farquhar,  Fyvie  Castle 
was  read  by  the  Secretary.  Votes  of  thanks  were 
accorded  to  several  exhibitors  for  specimens  of  Chry- 
santhemums, plants  and  vegetables,  that  were  brought 
under  the  notice  of  the  Association,  and  to  the 
Chairman. 

Bauhinia    tomentosa   var.    glabra.— 

There  is  a  figure  of  this  variety  in  the  Botanical 
Maoaztne,  t.  5560,  taken  from  a  plant  that  flowered 
at  Kew  in  1866  from  seeds  sent  from  Bembe  in  Ben- 
guela  six  years  previously.  Taking  the  species  in  its 
widest  sense,  it  occurs  wild  in  Ceylon,  India,  and 
several  parts  of  Africa,  such  as  Natal,  Senna,  and 
Dammara  Land.  With  such  an  extensive  distri- 
bution, it  is  not  surprising  to  find  some  variation  in 
the  plant.  The  form  under  notice  differs  from  the 
type  in  being  finely  pubescent,  while  the  latter  is  dis- 
tinctly villous.  The  flowers  in  both  cases  are  yellow, 
with  a  dark  brown  or  almost  black  blotch  on  the  base 
of  the  upper  petal,  and  are  produced  two  or  three 
together,  terminating  the  branches.  In  Ceylon  it  issaid 
to  attain  a  height  of  6—12  feet,  but  under  cultivation 
and  restricted  for  root-room  in  a  pot  it  flowers  when 
3  or  4  feet  high,  and  has  a  close  branching  and  bushy 
habit.  The  recent  fog  was  by  no  means  favourable 
to  the  longevity  of  the  flowers,  which  are  somewhat 
campanulate,  and  never  spread  out  so  flat  as  B.  pur- 
purea. Nor  are  they  so  freely  produced  as  those  of 
B.  natalensis,  a  very  dwarf  bush,  from  Natal,  with 
almost  pure  white  (lowers,  and  now  fruiting  freely  in 
the  Palm-house.  Both  species  are  readily  amenable 
to  pot  culture,  requiring  no  special  treatment  beyond 
a  stove  temperature  and  good  rich,  fibrous  loam,  with 
sufficient  sand  to  keep  the  soil  sweet  and  open,  with 
plentiful  supplies  of  water  during  the  growing  season. 

Gardening  Appointments.— Mr.  W.  Brit- 
tain,  late  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gar- 
dens, South  Kensington,  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  Lady  Pollock,  Hatton  Park,  Feltham, 
Middlesex.— Mr.  Edward  Cockbill,  late  Foreman 
at  Rolleston  Hall  Gardens,  Burton-on-Trenf,  has 
been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Charles  Hill, 
Esq.,  Clevedon  Hall,  Somerset.  The  following 
appointments  were  eflected  by  Mr.  John  Downie, 
Edinburgh  ;— Mr.  Patrick  Bermingham,  as  Head 
Gardener  to  the  Rev.  A.  Masson,  the  Manse,  Kirk- 
liston, N.B.— Mr.  Alexander  Maclean,  as  Head 
Gardener  to  Col.  Hanbury  Barclay,  Cross  Oak, 
Great  Derkhampsted. — Mr.  George  Wright,  as 
Head  Gardener  to  W.  D.  Crewdson,  Esq.,  Helme 
Lodge,  Kendal.— Mr.  Andrew  Bogie,  as  Head 
Gardener  to  H.  T.  Stainton,  Esq.,  Mountsfield, 
Lewisham,    London,    S.E. — Mr.    Wm.   Scott     as 


Decemser  25,  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


815 


HeadGardener  to  Hon.  Hy.  Bourke,  Hiyei  House, 
Beau  Park,  co.  Meath. — Mr.  Andrew  Smith,  as 
HeadGardener  to  George  Ure,  Esq.,  Whratlands 
House,  Bonnybridge. 


laptis'    fleuj^ra. 


GREENHOUSES  :  THE  AZALEA. 
The  principal  collection  of  plants  intended  to 
flower  in  May  and  June  require  but  little  attention  at 
present.  They  should  be  placed  in  a  cool-house,  well 
ventilated,  and  arranged  so  that  they  are  not  too  much 
crowded.  Some  persons  keep  their  plants  too  dry  at 
the  roots  during  the  winter,  evidently  with  the  best 
intentions,  the  main  object  being  to  rest  them.  This 
over-dryness  at  the  roots  is  an  evil  which  tells  upon 
the  health  of  the  plants  for  a  long  time  after  the 
winter  is  past.  The  sandy  peat  in  which  the  plants 
have  been  potted  is  generally  so  thoroughly  permeated 
with  roots,  that  it  is  difficult  to  get  water  through 
the  mass,  when  once  they  have  become  dusty  dry. 
The  plants  ought  to  be  moderately  dry  before  being 
supplied  with  water,  and  when  it  is  applied  enough 
should  be  given  to  thoroughly  saturate  the  soil.  In 
an  over-dry  warm  greenhouse  thrips  and  red-spider 
nill  not  only  exist  during  winter,  but  will  increase 
and  do  mischief.  Tobacco-smoke  will  destroy  the 
thrips,  but  does  not  touch  the  red-spider  :  it  cannot 
however  stand  Tobacco  in  solution.  Soft  soap  dis- 
solved at  the  rate  of  two  ounces  to  the  gallon  of  water 
and  half  a  pint  of  Tobacco  liquor  added  to  two 
gallons  of  this  soft-soapy  water,  will  destroy  both 
spider  and  thrips.  The  dead  and  decaying  leaves 
should  be  removed  with  as  little  delay  as  possible. 
The  early  flowering  varieties  should  be  placed  in  a 
gentle  heat  early  in  the  year.  The  double  white 
varieties  are  excellent  for  early  flowering.  The 
leaves  may  be  syringed  daily  underneath  after  the 
plants  are  placed  in  heat. 

Camellias. 
Every  autumn  and  winter  we  hear  complaints  of 
the  Sower-buds  dropping  off,  and  the  cause  of  this  is 
often  a  puzzle  to  the  owner  of  the  plant.  No  one 
takes  blame  to  himself  for  this.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  however,  it  is  the  cultural  details  that  are  to 
blame.  Leave  the  plants  out-of-doors  planted  out  in 
the  open  ground  with  no  care  whatever,  and  the  buds 
do  not  drop  off.  Sharp  frosts  have  but  little  efl"ect 
upon  them,  or  planted  out  in  a  prepared  border  of  a 
conservatory,  and  well  watered,  with  sufiicient  venti- 
lation, they  do  not  drop  either,  unless  exposed  to  bad 
draughts  of  air  ;  and  I  must  admit  that  1  saw  the  buds 
scattered  thickly  underneath  some  well-managed 
plants  in  a  conservatory  border  a  few  days  ago,  bat 
they  were  exposed  to  a  dense  fog  in  London — one  of 
the  worst  ever  experienced.  Over-dryness  at  the 
roots  of  the  plants,  or  a  very  dry  atmosphere  caused 
by  flues  or  hot-water  pipes,  will  cause  the  buds 
to  drop.  Any  sudden  changes  will  cause  it,  such 
as  bringing  the  plants  inside  after  being  out  late  in 
the  autumn  ;  the  change  from  the  leaves  being  nightly 
saturated  with  heavy  dews,  to  the  relatively  dry  atmo- 
sphere of  greenhouse  or  conservatory,  is  an  illus- 
tration of  this.  The  change  should  be  gradual.  Let 
the  leaves  be  kept  quite  clean  during  winter  by 
sponging  when  time  can  be  spared  ;  the  plants  also 
like  a  fair  supply  of  water  at  the  roots.  J.  Douglas. 

Chrysanthemums  at  the  Birmingham 
Botanical  Gardens. 

This  year  Chrysanthemums  have  been  grown  ex- 
tensively and  well  at  these  gardens,  and  although  the 
season  is  getting  advanced  as  far  as  the  Midlands  are 
concerned,  there  is  still  a  very  pretty  show  of  these 
beautiful  flowers  remaining. 

Five  weeks  ago  such  grand  old  varieties  as  Elaine, 
James  Salter,  and  the  newer  Lady  Selborne,  stood 
out  conspicuously,  and  were  followed  at  no  great  dis- 
tance as  to  date  by  that  most  reliable  of  all  the 
Japanese  exhibition  varieties,  Madame  C.  Audiguier, 
and  more  conspicuous,  but  by  no  means  so  massive, 
was  Soleil  Levant  in  all  its  beauty^a  variety  which  has 
done  exceedlingly  well  this  season  at  the  Gardens. 
Very  beautiful,  and  perhaps  even  more  admired  by  the 
majority  of  the  visitors,  have  been  the  smaller 
flowered  varieties,  such  as  La  Cbarmeuse,  Tendresse, 


Tokio,  and  Etoile  du  Midi— this  latter  one  of  the 
brightest  and,  as  grown  here,  of  first-rate  lasting  pro- 
perties, a  great  consideration  where  only  a  limited 
quantity  can  be  cultivated. 

Culliogfordi  is  exceedingly  brilliant  and  good  ;  and 
sla:;ding  out  in  good  form  is  that  grand  old  white  in 
the  Anemone  section,  Fleur  de  Marie,  the  chaste 
beauty  of  which,  as  seen  in  the  dull  winter  days,  when 
most  of  its  companions  are  "faded  and  gone,"  is 
almost  sufficient  to  make  an  enthusiastic  lover  of  the 
Chrysanthemum  exclaim,  "  If  limited  to  one  I  would 
grow  thee  !  " 

The  able  Curator  of  these  gardens  is  to  be  highly 
complimented  on  the  condition  of  his  plants,  and 
having  now  at  command  a  capital  range  of  glass  in 
which  to  arrange  them,  and  occupying  as  he  does  the 
position  of  President  of  the  Birmingham  Chrysanthe- 
mum Society,  visitors  may  reiy  upon  an  annual  repeti- 
tion of  the  treat  they  have  been  provided  wiih  at  the 
Botanicil  Gardens.  J.  H.  H ,  December  17. 


BIRTH    OF    AN    OVULARIAN 

ZOOSPORE. 

Bright  little  mystery  !     I  shall  never  forget  you. 

Many  and  many  a  time  have  I  resolved  to  tell  the 


.  Fig.  I5Q. — liberatiom  of  ovularun  zoospore. 


world  the  story  of  your  birth.  You  were  the  most 
marvellous  thing  in  vegetable  life  that  ever  objective 
conveyed  to  my  brain.  In  iSSi  I  discovered  a  new 
Ovularia  blackening  the  leaves  of  Lilac  in  the  same 
way  as  the  P.  iofestans  blackens  the  leaves  of  the 
Potato.  Its  parasitic  mycelium  ramifies  in  the  tissues, 
and  sends  up  conidiophores  through  the  stomata  of 
the  under  surface  of  the  leaf,  carrying  single  conidia 
at  the  tip  of  a  much  larger  size  than  those  of  P. 
infestans. 

As  was  natural,  I  gave  close  attention  to  many 
phases  in  the  character  of  the  new  parasite.  But  with 
only  one  of  these  am  I  at  present  concerned.  It  is 
known  that  various  parasitic  conidia  perpetuate  the 
life-circle  in  various  ways.  The  contents,  which  are 
at  first  granular  plasm,  either  remain  granular  plasm, 
which  germinates  into  tubes  of  mycelium  issuing  from 
the  ostiolum,  and  sometimes  through  the  walls  of  the 
conidium  in  all  directions  ;  or  they  sometimes  escape 
by  the  ostiolum  in  the  same  granular  form  which  they 
had  when  inside,  and  then  increase  into  larger  sporidia, 
from  which  issue  webs  of  mycelium  ;  or  the  contents 
o(  the  conidium  sometimes  more  or  less  completely 
develope  into  zoospores.  These  methods  have  been 
described  as  different  modes  of  germination  ;  but  in 
reality  when  they  are  considered,  it  is  seen  that  they 
are  only  varying  details  of  one  principle — the  contents 
c  f  the  conidium  io  each  case  are  simply  going  on  to  the 


next  stage,  the  production  of  resting-spores  and  other 
forms  of  the  non-parasitic  mycelium. 

It  was  Sunday  morning,  November  6.  "The 
works  of  the  Lord  are  great,  sought  out  of  all  them 
that  have  pleasure  therein."  The  leaves  of  the  Lilac 
were  still  green,  except  where  the  parasite  had  ger- 
minated, and  they  were  covered  wiih  dew.  I  knew 
that  the  night  must  have  given  rise  to  great  numbers 
of  conidia  ;  and  going  out  for  a  leaf,  I  scraped  off  the 
material  from  the  under  side  at  the  border  of  a  black 
spot,  and  placed  it  in  a  film  of  water  upon  a  slide 
and  placed  it  under  a  quarter-inch.  The  very  first 
point  I  focussed  upon  enclosed  a  conidium  nearly  full 
of  magnificent  zoospores.  They  were  moving  about 
in  all  directions  like  tigers  in  a  cage.  I  did  my  best 
to  count  them,  and  thought  there  were  sixteen. 
Round  and  round  the  walls  they  went.  They  pressed 
upon  each  other  and  thus  assumed  irregular  shapes. 
But  they  had  also  amoeboid  faculty,  and  sometimes 
threw  out  arms,  and  drew  them  in  again.  It  was 
clear  that  they  had  tendencies  within  their  walls.  A 
bright  nucleus  glowed  in  each  of  them,  and  the 
currents  of  protoplasm  were  in  eager  activity.  Round 
they  go,  pressing  upon  each  other,  in  the  manifest 
desire  to  escape  into  a  wider  world.  But  how  shall 
they  escape  ?  Will  the  walls  of  their  house  burst  and 
launch  them  into  the  flood  ?  There  seems  no  reason 
that  they  should,  for  there  is  a  good  deal  of  unoccupied 
space.  And  now  they  approach  the  ostiolum.  But 
is  there  any  open  door  ?  If  theri  is,  it  is  far  too 
small  to  permit  of  the  exit  of  any  one  of  the  family. 
An  impatient  rover  approaches  the  door  ;  but  how 
will  he  get  out  ?  Will  the  door  open  wider  ?  He  is 
much  too  big  for  the  round  pore  of  an  opening.  Will  the 
crowd  behind  push  him  out  ?  But  they  have  mostly 
retired  from  contact  with  him.  But  has  he  not 
amceboid  instincts  ?  And  will  he  not  bring  them  into 
play?  Look  at  that  (fig.  159,  i).  He  has  thrust  an 
ama;boid  arm  into  the  ostiolum.  What  of  that  ? 
His  round  circumlerence  is  behind,  and  cannot  get 
through  so  small  an  aperture.  He  can  be  only  leclmg 
if  there  is  a  door  of  escape.  No  !  He  is  wiser 
than  Solomon.  Observe  that  stream  of  protoplasm 
rushing  up  the  arm  ;  see  the  little  ball  accumulating 
on  the  apex  of  the  papilla  ;  and  now  he  has  assumed 
the  lorm  of  dumb-bells  (fig.  159,  2).  One-half  is 
already  outside,  with  a  ligament  reaching  back 
to  Ihe  other  half  inside  ;  and  still  the  stream 
rolls  forward  and  the  granular  current  carries 
the  joyous  life  outward  and  outward.  The  rate 
increases  ;  and  now  nothing  is  left  inside  but  an  arm 
like  that  which  pioneered  the  little  adventurer 
(fig-  159.  3)-  A  jerk,  and  the  arm  is  withdrawn 
througn  the  door  and  falls  into  the  globular  mass, 
which  now  with  waving  cilia  bids  adieu  to  his  brothers 
lelt  behind,  and  plunges  many  a  millimetre  wide 
through  the  bright  blue  waves,  and  away  beyond  the 
entranced  field  of  vision  (fig.  159,  4,  5).     A.  Stephen 


Wilson. 


ptAJSTg  AND  THEIR  fJuLTUf^E. 
— »—— 

THE  CONSERVATORY. 
The  most  difficult  season  to  keep  up  a  gay  appear- 
ance is  now  past,  and  from  this  date,  if  a  good  assort- 
ment of  forcing  plants  has  been  selected  and  started 
in  regular  succession,  the  clearing  out  of  the  early 
winter  flowering  plants  gives  the  opportunity  of 
thoroughly  cleaning  glass,  stages,  and  regulating  any 
creepers  that  may  require  it.  Camellias  that  are  now 
coming  in  will  be  most  acceptable.  See  that  the 
plants  are  not  near  the  hot-water  pipes,  as  they 
soon  get  dry,  and  always  then  cast  their  buds. 
Foliage  plants  suitable  for  the  cool  house  during  the 
winter  season  are  not  very  plentiful,  but  there  are 
several  very  useful,  and  that  produce  a  graceful  effect 
when  mixed  with  flowering  subjects  :— Aspidistra 
lurida  variegata,  Aralia  Sieboldi  variegata,  Ophiopo- 
gon  Jaburan  variegatum  (this  is  a  most  useful  foliage 
plant  at  all  times),  Grevillea  robusta,  Coprosma 
Baueriana,  Lomatia  ferruginea,  Melianthus  major, 
Dracrena  ;  of  the  more  hardy  kinds,  such  as  IJ.  aus- 
tralis,  eongesta,  indivisa,  lineata,  and  rubra  ;  Abu- 
tilon  Darwinii  tesselatum,  A.  Sellowianum  marmo- 
ratum  ;  these,  with  a  few  Yuccas  and  Dasylirions,  com- 
prise those  usually  found.  The  plants  of  Trop.-eolum 
Bill  of  Fire,  which  were  put  in  their  flowering-pots  in 
September,  will  now  be  nicely  in  bloom,  and  may  be 
brought  into  this  house,  and  trained  in  a  suitable  place. 
Be  careful  not  to  allow  more  moisture  about  the  house 
than  is  really  required,  as  it  causes  the  flowers  to 
damp.  A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill,  Haslemeie. 


8i6 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  188O. 


MESSRS.    SUTTON'S    POTATO 

EXPERIMENTS. 
We  are  indebted  to  Messrs.  Sutton  for  the  follow- 
ing tables,    which   supply   the   complement  to  their 
former  records  (see  ante,  p.  656,  and  1SS5,  vol.  xxiv., 
p.  530  :- 

Specific  Weight  o/ Messrs.  Suttou's  Potato  Crosses  ueitched  in 
Distilled  Water  at  Standard  Temperature. 


Sir  Charles  Dou- 
glas X  Kcw 
Solanum 

Reading  Russet 
X    Kew  Sola- 


Walker's  Regen 
X   Kew  Sols 


Numbers. 

Weights. 

1+84  A 
■  -h84A 
i+84-ft 
i-i-84-K 

In   air. 

Grains. 
2091 
=239 
iq6i 

In  water. 
Grains. 

166 

190 

177 
150 

=-H85.A 

863 

55 

2-H85A 

1002 

75 

=-i-85/i 

838 

59 

3-I-85.H 
3  i- 85- re 
3-H85.S 

■■83 

1379 

98 
83 
115 

6-f85.JJ 

»377 

126 

Specific 


Reading  Kitsset  c 


•J  Soinnutn  tiiherosuM. 


No. 

Number 
of  Tubers. 

Colour  of  Tubers. 

\ 

Pink. 
Dark  red. 

3 

White. 

4 

Red,  netted  brown. 

5 

While. 

6 

White. 

7 
8 

D.rkied. 
Red. 

9" 

f  Blown,  purple  speckled 
■(.     (se  dliijg  plant). 

gb 

\  Brown,  purple  speckled  (ctit- 
1      ting  from  above). 

>3 

' 

White,  purple  speckkd. 
Brown,  purple  speckled. 
White 
White 

.4(f. 

ikJ). 

15 

40 

Red 

Paterson's 

'Victoria  ott  Kew  Solanutit  tiiberosu 

m. 

25     .. 

59 

White 

26      ..     .. 
27 

67 
"4 

White 
Purple 

28  (failed). 

29 

II 

White 

3tvt 

44 

Purple  (seedling  pla 

■  t) 

3o«         ..          .. 

18 

Purple  (cutting  ftoir 

above) 

31 

=3 

Red 

32 

4 

Brown 

33  (failed). 

The  Compa(;nie  Continentale  of  Ghent. 

We  understand  that  the  business  ot  this  Company 
will  be  transferred  shortly  to  Brussels,  where  MM. 
Linden  will  create  a  vast  establishment  for  the  intro- 
duction of  new  plants,  especially  Orchids,  under 
the  name  of  Messrs.  Linden  c^  Co.  The  nursery  at 
Ghent  will  be  discontinued,  the  site  being  required 
for  building  purposes. 

MiDDLETON  Park  Favourite  Beet. 

Mr.    H.   Deverill,    Royal    Seed    Stores,    Banbury, 

states  that  he  has  had  placed  in  his  hands  by  Mr. 

Hope   the  stock  of  the    Middleton    Park   Favourite 

Beet,  which  he  is  now  distributing  to  the  trade. 


Jrade:    jMoTlCEg. 

HOOPER  &  CO. 
An  announcement  has  been  received  that  this  old 
and  respected  6rm  is  to  be  converted  into  a  limited 
liability  company  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
C.  A.  Hooper,  The  capital  required  is  ^  100,000,  in 
£,\0  shares.  The  firm  has  business  houses  in  London, 
New  York,  and  Paris,  It  is  proposed  that  the  firm 
shall  be  amalgamated  with  that  of  E.  G,  Henderson 
&  Co.,  Maida  Vale,  and  also  with  a  wholesale  seed 
house  in  the  City. 


J40ME     -pOFJF^EgPONDENCE. 
i 

Active  Plant  Growth  Throughout  the 
Winter. — It  has  been  well  said  that  vegeiation,  as 
regards  deciduous  trees,  does  not  rest  in  the  form  of 
becoming  really  inactive  during  the  winter  months. 
As  regards  certain  kinds  of  trees  or  shrubs,  is  it  too 
much  to  say  the  constant  activity  they  display  during 
the  winter  season  nearly  equals  that  of  summer? 
That  this  is  so  in  the  matter  of  fruit-bud  development 
I  am  able  to  prove.  Take,  for  instance,  the  Aucuba, 
In  regard  to  them  the  flowers  are  fertilised  in  the 
spring — and  that  somewhat  early — following  which 
the  embryo  fruits  do  not  seem  to  advance  in  size  by 
one-half  during  the  whole  of  summer.  As  the  sun's 
power  declines,  and  during  the  month  of  October, 
the  berries  commence  to  swell,  and  thence  onward 
throughout  the  winter  months  they  continue  to 
enlarge  until  the  spring  arrives,  when  they  have 
grown  to  their  full  size,  at  which  period  the 
process  of  stoning  commences,  followed,  as  the  sun 
gains  power,  by  ripening  into  their  characteristic 
glowing  colour.  Again,  are  not  similar  facts  observ- 
able in  connection  with  the  Arbutus,  which  flowers  at 
the  most  unfavourable  time  of  the  year,  the  indi- 
vidual blooms  of  which  are  so  formed,  however,  as 
to  afford  the  greatest  possible  protection  from  frost 
and  moisture.  I  add  one  more  instance— that  of 
Hederas,  which  bloom  so  sweetly  in  the  waning 
warmth  of  summer.  Nature  permits  insects  that  are 
partial  to  saccharine  food  to  come  forth  once  more 
and  sip  the  nectar  thus  offered.  Ivy  berries,  in  like 
manner,  swell  unchecked  throughout  our  night  of 
winter.  We  may  infer  from  these  facts  that  one 
reason  why  everijreen  plants  exist  in  cold  climes  is, 
that  the  season  of  fructification  being  too  long  to 
permit  of  leaf-nakedness — though  I  am  not  long- 
sighted enough  to  attribute  to  evolution— that  this 
influence  may  have  given  us  evergreens  or  plants  that 
do  not  dispense  with  their  foliage  entirely.  IVilliain 
Earky, 

Pandanus  variegatus. — It  may  be  worth  while 
givingthis  plant— of  which  afine  example  now  growing 
in  the  Botanic  Gardens  at  Jamaica  was  recently 
figured  in  the  Gardeners^  ChronicU — its  full  name, 
there  being  no  species  of  Pandanus  named  variegatus, 
and  at  least  two  well  known  garden  kinds  having 
silvery  variegated  leaves.  Mr.  Morris,  who  is  of 
course  well  acquainted  with  the  Jamaica  specimen, 
informs  me  that  it  is  P.  javanicus  var.  varieg.atus  (P. 
candelabrum  variegatus  of  some),  or  rather,  that  it 
was  that  plant,  for  it  seems  the  leaves  on  this  old 
plant  are  all  green,  like  the  type,  although  suckers 
from  the  base  of  the  stems  have  leaves  more  or  less 
striped.  We  have  at  Kew  both  the  green  and  the 
variegated  forms  of  this  species,  but  they  are  both 
comparatively  small  plants.  It  is  curious  how  many 
plants  have  variegated  leaves  in  the  early  stage  and 
green  ones  when  old.  The  handsome  Draceena  Lin- 
deni,  which  has  the  leaves  prettily  variegated  with 
yellow  when  in  a  small  state,  becomes  green-leaved 
when  large  ;  the  variegated  Rhapis  soon  loses  its 
attractive  streaks  of  white  when  it  gets  beyond  a  foot 
or  so  in  height ;  Aralia  Sieboldi,  Crinum  asiaticum, 
Musa  zebrina,  Curculigo  recurvata,  and  Aspidistra 
lurida,  are  in  some  forms  variegated  when  young,  but 
become  almost  or  entirely  green  when  mature  ;  and 
there  are  other  well  known  instances  of  the  same 
kind,  Pandanus  Veitchii  is  handsomely  variegated 
with  us,  can  any  one  say  if  the  leaves  are  green  in  old 
plants  ?   ]V.  Watson,  Kew, 

Adiantum  Farleyense.— I  quite  agree  with  Mr. 
A.  Hemsley  when  he  states  that  Adiantum  Farleyense 
can  be  increased  by  other  means  than  spores,  and  that 
portions  of  rhizoms  will  produce  young  plants.  Mr. 
Hemsley  thinks  it  "  remarkable  that  a  seedling  should 
spring  up  where  no  fertile  fronds  were  known  to 
exist,"  and  throws  out  a  suggestion  that  "  if  it  was 
almost  any  other  Fern,  means  would  be  found  by 
which  spores  might  be  transmitted."  Why  should 
spores  not  be  transmitted  from  an  Adiantum  Far- 
leyense as  well  as  any  other,  although  of  a  very  rare 
occurrence  in  the  one  case?     I  have  no  doubt  what- 


ever that  the  plant  found  here  was  a  seedling,  it  being 
absolutely  impossible  for  any  other  than  a  spore  to  get 
into  the  pot  in  question.  In  other  pots  beside  the 
one  A.  Farleyense  was  found  in  there  were  other 
seedling  Ferns,  such  as  A.  cuneatum,  Pteris,  &c., 
and  no  one  will  question  that  they  were  other  than 
spores  at  first.  I  would  count  it  somewhat  remark- 
able if  a  part  of  rhizome  would  get  into  the  pot  that 
the  A,  Farleyense  seedling  was  found  in — the  one 
was  5  or  6  feet  from  the  other ;  while  the  A.  Far- 
leyense had  been  repotted,  the  other  had  neither  been 
repotted  nor  top-dressed,  so  the  rhizome  could  not 
get  into  the  pot  that  way,  as  Mr.  Hemsley  points 
out  it  may  have  done  ;  neither  could  it  be  a  small 
portion  broken  off  with  an  old  frond,  as  the  position 
of  the  pots  would  prevent  such  an  occurrence  from 
taking  place.  P.  J.  B.  [Very  small  pieces  of  a 
rhizome  of  a  Fern  can  be  carried  from  one  place  to 
another  by  various  unsuspected  agencies,  and  we 
know  that  young  plants  springing  from  such  pieces 
have  all  the  appearance  of  having  grown  from  a 
spore.   Ed.] 

Calvary  Clover. — In  answer  to  "  Quilon,"  p. 
762,  you  say  of  the  Calvary  Clover,  "It  is  inter- 
esting to  find  this  plant  should  succeed  in  the  open 
air  of  Cheltenham."  I  may  supplement  your  remark 
by  saying,  that  here,  at  Windermere,  it  succeeds  with 
out  any  trouble  whatever  and  ripens  its  seeds  perfectly. 
This  year  I  have  had  in  the  open  garden  this  summer 
six  plants,  from  which  have  been  gathered  280  seeds, 
all  ripe,  and  from  which  I  have  now  young  plants. 
In  our  moist  climate  we  have  only  to  leave  the  seeds 
h.anging  on  the  plants,  and  about  October  the  coty- 
ledons begin  to  force  their  way  through  the  prickly 
pods.  When  the  two  seed-leaves  are  well  through.  I 
take  off  the  pod,  place  it  in  an  ordinary  pot,  and 
raise  the  plants  without  the  least  dilficulty,  I  shall 
be  glad  to  know  what  you  consider  its  true  botanical 
name  :  I  believe  it  is  Medicago  hystrix,  but  I  have 
seen  other  names  given  to  it.  A,  R.  [Medicago  echi- 
nus, see  fig.  244,  1S73,  p.  114S.  Ed.] 

Rose  Stocks. — Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  in  speaking  on 
this  subject  at  the  recent  meeting  of  the  National 
Rose  Society,  said  that  he  wished  experiments  were 
made  with  Roses  on  the  three  stocks — Manetti, 
seedling  Brier,  and  Brier  cuttings,  and  added  that  be 
would  be  happy  to  supply  any  rosarian  who  would 
undertake  the  trial  wiih  a  number  of  Biier  cutting 
plants,  and  I  believe  Mr,  George  Prince  would  do 
the  same  with  Brier  seedlings,  while  Manetti  plants 
are  to  be  had  anywhere.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this 
offer  may  be  accepted,  and  the  experiment  made. 
Wild  Rose. 

Celery  White  Plume.— This  new  kind,  when 
first  introduced,  was  not  spoken  very  highly  of,  but 
has  since  gained  favour.  It  is  very  useful  (or  early 
work,  as  it  requires  less  blanching,  and  also  less  room, 
being  dwarf.  It  is  very  good  for  stewing  purposes, 
being  very  white  and  clear.  The  beautiful  white 
foliage  is  very  pretty  mixed  with  cut  flowers,  and  not 
easily  recognised  at  first.  It  lasts  a  long  time  in 
water  without  changing  colour.  Taking  all  its  good 
points  into  consideration  it  may  be  called  a  useful 
variety.  It  will  not  bear  frost,  the  delicate  parts 
changing  to  brown  on  the  first  pinch.  W.  D.,  Wierlon, 
Maidstone. 

Berberidopsis  corallina. — In  a  recent  issue  of  a 
contemporary  it  is  remarked  that  this  beautiful  shrub 
is  slow  to  propagate.  Such  is  not  the  case  if  the 
right  method  be  taken  with  it.  It  is  undoubtedly 
slow  when  done  out-of-doors,  as  in  the  case  alluded 
to  ;  indeed,  in  the  colder  parts  of  the  country  it  will 
not  do  at  all  in  that  position,  and  the  writer  referred 
to  has  to  thank  his  exceptional  position  and  climate 
for  the  small  measure  of  success  he  records.  If  good, 
sturdy,  short-jointed  cuttings,  or  even  strong  single 
eyes  with  the  leal  attached,  are  put  into  a  bed  or  pot 
of  sandy  cocoa-nut  fibre  in  moderate  bottom-heat  in 
spring,  the  plants  will  be  ready  to  pot  off  in  five  or 
six  weeks  afterwards.  Establish  and  grow  them  on 
under  glass  till  July,  when  they  may  be  placed  out- 
of-doors,  and  by  autumn  will  be  fine  plants,  having 
more  vigour  and  bulk  than  those  raised  out-of-doors 
would  have  in  three  or  four  years,    W,  S. 

Celery  Fungus  {Puccinia  bullata), — R.  Irwin 
Lynch,  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Cambridge,  would  be 
greatly  obliged  to  any  friend,  who  would  be  so  good 
as  to  forward  him  a  bundle  of  leaves  infested  with  this 
fungus  (see  Gardeners'  Chroniele,  December  11).  He 
would  be  glad  to  return  stamps  for  postage. 

Transplanting  Machines. — Your  correspondent, 
"  C.  S.  F.,"  under  the  head  "Removal,"  says, 
"  Many  machines  have  been  invented  for  this  purpose, 
notably  McGlashan's  and  Barron's,  and  while  each 
has  its  several  advantages,  none  has  come  into 
general  use,"  &c.  As  an  undeniable  contradiction  of 
this  statement  I  hand  you  one  of  out  catalogues, 
which  I  beg  you  will  forward  to  him,  which  ptovei 


December  35.  1886.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


817 


that  our  machines  have  been  let  out  on  hire  for  over 
thirty  years;  independently  of  what  had  b^en 
ace  implished  at  Elvaston  Castie,  ever  since  Kebruiry, 
iSji.  The  high  lestimonials  of  success  therein  con- 
tained, which  have  been  selected  from  a  very  large 
na-nber,  prove  the  general  use  of  our  machines  over 
England,  Scotland,  Wales,  and  Ireland.  Besides 
having  supplied  machines  to  order  of  different  sizfs, 
we  keep  six  sizes  for  hire,  capable  of  removing  trees 
from  12  tons  to  half  a  ton,  which  have  this  autumn 
been  employed  on  seven  estates  in  five  ditferent 
counties.    William  Barron.  Borroivash. 


UNNEAN  :  December  i6. 

H.R.H.  THE  Prince  of  Wales  was  elected  an 
Honorary  Member. 

Prehistoric  Grain. 
Mr.  W.  Carruthers  exhibited  a  spike  of  Maize  from 
an  ancient    Peruvian   grave,    and  samples  of  Wheat 
from    ancient    British    ani    Romano- British    burial- 
grounds  near  Salisbury. 

Sisal  Hemp. 
Mf.  D.  Morris  exhibited  the  fresh  cut  leaves  and  the 
fibres  of  two  species  of  Agave,  viz.,  A.  ixtli,  and  A, 
Silradyckii.  The  former  has  been  traced  as  one  of 
the  plants  yielding  the  Si^al  Hemp  of  commerce. 
The  fibre  prepared  from  these  two  plants  was  shown, 
and  the  merits  of  each  dwelt  upon  at  some  length. 
The  fibre  of  A.  SUmdyckii  is  peculiar  in  possessing 
a  curly  nalure  so  as  to  render  it  unfit  for  commercial 
purposes  ;  and  hence  attempts  to  utilise  the  fibre  of 
this  plant,  which  is  very  common  in  the  West  Indies, 
have  hitherto  proved  fruitless.  On  the  contrary,  how- 
ever, the  fibre  extracted  from  the  allied  narrower- 
leaved  species,  A.  ix  li,  consists  of  glossy  strong 
threadi,  which  are  admirably  adapted  for  rope  mak- 
ing, and  consequently  are  a  valuable  produce.  In 
proof  of  this,  the  export  of  Sisal  Hemp  from  Vacatan, 
is  staled  to  reach  the  sum  of  ;!^5oo,ooo  annually. 

AposroRY. 

A  paper  was  read  on  "  Apospory,  and  Allied 
Phenomena,"  by  Professor  F.  O.  Bower. 

The  paper  describes  the  phenomena  in  detail,  and 
shows  how,  in  the  Pulystichum  at  least,  four  difi'^rent 
m  )des  of  origin  of  the  oophores  may  be  distinguished, 
t^vo  being  in  connection  with  the  sorus,  while  two  are 
at  points  apart  from  the  sorus,  and  may  even  occur  o\ 
fronds  which  bear  no  sori  at  all.  The  latter  part  of 
the  paper  is  occupied  by  comparing  these  phenomena 
With  others  already  known  in  the  higher  and  lower 
plants.  The  general  conclusion  drawn  from  this 
c  )mparison  and  from  the  facts  themselves  is  that  the 
whole  phenomenon  of  apospory  is  to  be  regarded 
rather  as  a  sport  or  bud-variation  than  as  a  reversion 
bearing  deep  morphological  conclusions  with  it. 

Mr.  C.  T.  Dfuery  gave  a  communication  on  a  new 
ios'ance  of  Apos-pory  in  Polyslichum  angulare  var. 
pulcherrirtia,  Will?.  From  his  observations  he  infers 
that  the  imformaiion  of  this  prothallus  is  preceded 
by  a  very  different  series  of  phenomena  from  those 
already  recorded.  In  the  one  case  the  prolhalli 
are  simple  extensions  of  the  cellular  substance  of 
the  tips  of  the  pinnules,  commencing  at  points 
qiji:e  beyond  the  venation,  and  produce  no  root  hairs 
unless  brought  into  contact  with  the  soil.  In  the 
other  case,  however,  the  prothallus  is  a  direct  out- 
growth of  ihe  tip  of  a  veinlet  protruded  through  the 
upper  suiface  of  the  pinnule,  and  at  once  produces 
root-hairs  in  abundance  long  before  it  assumes  any 
other  characteristic  of  a  prothallus,  and  finally  the 
resulting  prothallus  is  much  thicker  in  substance. 


FOSSIL  GRASSES. 

We  can  imagine  some  readers  shrugging  their 
shoulders  at  such  a  thing,  as  one  too  speculative 
and  transcendental  to  come  within  the  domain 
of  practical  thought.  That  it  is  not  so,  however, 
is  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Starkie  Gardner's  paper 
on  the  subject,  recently  reprinted  from  the  Pro- 
cecilifi^s  of  the  Geologists'  Association.  Mr.  Gard- 
ner begins  by  pointing  out  the  vastness  of  the 
practical  interests  concerning  grasses,  and  estimates 
that  the  products  of  grasses,  cereal  grains,  sugar, 
fibre,  &c.,  mount  up  to  about  ^  100,000,000 
annually.  That  will  do  for  Mr.  Gradc.rind. 
Then  Mr,  Gardner  goes  off  into  facts  and  infer- 
ences of  a  different  character,  which  Mr.  Grad- 
grind  would  not  appreciate,  but  which,  nevertheless, 
measured  even  by  Gragerind's  standard,  enor- 
mously outweigh  the  economic  importance  of  grasses 


as  computed  in  raerchmt's  ledgers.  What  sort  of  a 
globe  could  it  have  been  when  there  were  no  grasses  ? 
— a  queilion  of  no  practical  importance  it  will  be  said  ; 
but  pat  the  question  in  another  form,  and  ask  how 
the  earth  became  what  it  is,  how  it  became  habitable  by 
insects,  by  animals,  by  man  himself? — and  then  the 
answer  comes  with  no  uncertain  Found.  It  is  thi 
grasses  that  have  mainly  cjotributed  to  make  the 
earth  habitable,  and  without  them  it  would  be  so  no 
longer.  How  this  is  so,  is  clearly  shown  in  Mr.  Gard- 
ner's pamphlet,  where  he  shows  the  probability  that 
there  were  no  social  grasses  before  Late  Tertiary  times 
(geologically  a  very  recent  period).  Millet  and  Rice 
had  their  prototypes  in  the  Terciary  deposits  of 
O/mingen.  (Through  the  long  ages  of  the  Red 
Sandstone,  the  Lias,  the  Ojlites,  the  Wealden, 
up  to  the  Tertiary  times  there  were  no  great 
manmals  fitted  for  grass-eating,  and  there  was  no 
grass  for  them  to  eat,  or  at  least  there  is  no  evidence 
of  the  existence  of  anything  like  pastures.  Butter- 
flie?,  beetles,  bees,  grasshoppers,  could  not  have 
existed.  '*  The  introduction,"  sayi  Mr.  Gardner,  "of 
the  grasses  in  vast  numbers,  and  of  habit  different 
to  that  of  pre-existing  vegetation,  exerted  an  influence 
on  terrestrial  life  that  is  without  parallel,  the  imme- 
diate effects  of  which  were  : — The  development  of 
meadows,  a  prairie  vegetation  as  distinct  from 
that  of  the  marsh,  scrub,  and  forest  ;  the  intro- 
duction of  vast  herds  of  grazing  mammals  as 
distinct  from  the  herbivorous  mammals  previously 
existing,  and  of  the  larger  kinds  of  carnivora  which 
prey  uoon  them  ;  the  introduction  of  meadow  insects, 
distinct  from  aquatic  and  woodland  forms,  including 
butterflies,  bees,  grasshoppers,  &c, ;  and  lastly,  the  in- 
troduction of  a  food  supply,  both  animal  and  vege- 
table, in  the  absence  of  which,  it  is  doubtful  whether 
man  himself  would  have  been  enabled  to  reach  his 
present  stage  of  development.*' 


Law   Notes. 

WARWICK    COUNTY    COURT. 
TiiE  December  sitting  of  this  Court   was  held  on 
the    14th    inst.,    at   the   Shire    Hall,    before    Sir    R. 
HaringtOD,  But.,  Judge, 

An  Unsatisfactory  Sale  of  Sand  and  Peat. 
Keslerton  v.  Greenfield. — Plaintiff  was  John  Kester* 
ton,  sand  merchant,  Devonshire  Street,  Cheltenham, 
and  the  de''endant  Robert  Greenfield,  of  The  Priory 
Garden;,  Warwick. — Claim  I'is.  for  peat  and  silver- 
sand  supplied  to  defendant  in  August  last. — The 
defence  was  that  the  goods  were  inferior  to  sample, 
and  that  the  sand  was  neaily  two  bushels  short  in 
measure.  Plaintiff  had  had  due  notice  of  their  rejec- 
tion. Upon  the  sand  being  measured  it  was  found  to 
be  nearly  two  bushels  short,  while  the  peat  was  simply 
worthless.  Mr.  Boddington  informed  the  judge  that 
his  client  held  a  responsible  position  at  The  Priory, 
and  10  have  paid  the  plaintiff  the  sum  demanded  for 
such  stuff  as  he  sent  to  him  would  have  been  to  sub- 
ject his  employer  to  gross  imposition.  Therefore  he 
defended  the  action  purely  on  principle.  Mr.  Bod- 
dington quoted  the  case  of  Grim>ldby  v.  Wells,  tried 
in  the  Court  of  Cooiinon  Plea;,  in  which  it  was 
decided  that  the  buyer  is  under  no  obligation  either 
to  return  or  offer  to  return  goods  to  the  seller,  or  to 
place  them  in  neutral  custody,  when  upon  inspection 
the  bulk  proves  to  be  inferior  to  sample.  It  was 
sufiUient  for  the  buyer  to  give  clear  notice  to  the 
seller  that  he  rejected  the  goods,  and  that  they  were 
at  the  seller's  risk,  and  it  then  rested  with  the  seller 
to  remove  them.  —  His  Honour,  without  calling  upon 
the  defendant's  witnesses,  decided  to  go  down  to  The 
Priory  gardens,  inspect  the  sand  and  peat,  and  com- 
pare them  with  the  samples  shown  by  plaintiff. 
Having  done  this  he  gave  judgment  for  the  defendant, 
believing  that  the  peat  was  not  according  to  sample, 
and  that  the  defendant  had  a  right  to  reject  the  whole. 
He  could  not  conceive  that  a  person  occupying  the 
defendant's  position  would  com;  forward  and  deliber- 
ately perjure  hlrasel'.  Judgment  for  the  defendant, 
costs  to  follow  in  the  ordinary  way.    IVanoich  paper. 


©iJttuatff. 

Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  formerly  the  senior  partner 
in  the  firm  of  Thomas  and  Edward  Brown,  of  the 
Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  died  at  Honolulu,  Sandwich 
island-,  on  October  22  last,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eijThty-two  years.  To  many  of  the  younger  generation 
of  florists  Mr.  Thomas  Brown  will  scarcely  be  remem- 
bered by  name,  but  to  not  a  few  of  an  older  time 
Brown's  nursery,  and  what  the  firm  did  for  floriculture 
half  a  century  ago,  will  always  be  a  pleasant  recollec- 


tion. The  story  of  the  foundation  of  the  Royal  Nursery 
at  Slough  his  been  told  in  the  columns  of  the  Gur- 
deiurs^  ChronicU  :  saftice  it  for  the  present  purpose 
to  state  that  in  iSjS,  on  the  death  of  their  brother 
Chirles,  Tn  jma;  and  El*ard  Brown  became  the 
sale  partners.  Edward  retired  in  1S37.  Thomis 
crrtiei  on  the  buiiness  until  1840,  when  it  passed 
into  th:  hands  of  Mr.  Cutter,  and  in  1844  the  late 
M-.  C.  Taraer  became  the  proprietor. 

Taoain  Brown  was  born  at  Sbugh  on  July  27, 
iSj4  He  emigrated  to  II  inolulu  in  1S46,  and 
engaged  in  stock  raising  on  Kanai.  In  1S52  he  went 
to  the  American  States,  but  returned  to  the  ishnds 
in  1S56.  lie  soon  afterwards  entered  the  Office  of 
Conveyances  as  clerk,  then  became  Dipu'y  Registrar, 
and  finally  was  appointed  as  head  of  the  department, 
which  position  he  held  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  a  man  of  sterling  business  qualities,  his  un- 
alTected  and  atfible  manner  won  him  hosts  of  friends, 
and  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
respected  citizens.  O.1  October  15  he  celebrated  the 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  marriage,  since  then  his 
health  gradually  failed,  until  he  passed  away  peacefully 
surrounded  by  his  family.  He  leaves  a  widow,  four 
sons,  and  a  daughter,  the  eldest  of  the  former  being 
the  Hon.  Cecil  Brown,  a  member  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly.  Thomas  Brown  lies  at  rest  in  the  Nunanu 
Valley  Cemetery,  far  removed  from  the  place  of  his 
birth. 

Dr.  Lyons,  M.P. — .\11  who  are  interested  in 

the  development  of  the  resources  of  Ireland  must 
lament  the  death  of  this  gentleman,  who  did  so  much 
to  advocate  the  afforestation  of  that  country,  than 
which  a  more  beneficial  thing  can  scarcely  be  imagined 
where  the  conditions  are  favourable. 


^t  Meatier. 

STATE  OF  THE  WEATHEti  A7  BLACA'HEAT/f,  LO^DOA, 
For  the  Week  ending  Wednesday,  December  aa,  i836. 


i 

Barometer. 

Temperature  of 
THE  Air. 

HygTome 
trical    De- 
ductions 

from 
Glaisher's 
Tables  5th 
EditioQ. 

WlXD. 

Il 

■^ia 

p 

i 

X 

1 

lis 

1° 

fa,: 

*  i° 

1 

1^ 

1 

Dec. 

In.       In.    1   „ 

^ 

.1 

In. 

16 

2924  —0.583')  735  0   4-7'37  Sj—  a93>  3     9" 

N.E, 

0.00 

17 

29  48  — 0  3t  33.S  30. Ol  3  5  31  9|—  86  29  I^     89 

N.E. 

0.0. 

i3 

1954  _o.28|3i. 0^23  5,  7  5>7S 

-".7|.9  7     T 

N.E. 

0  07 

■9 

396a 

—0.31  30.0  12.0 

8.0  25.8 

-.4.2  2.. 3!    8j 

S.E. 

200 

,, 

29.89 

+  0.0633.021  0 

12.028.0 

-...725.6 

93 

N.E. 

-.00 

21 

33.23 

+  0.38  •3.1  >S  S 

a. 7  26  9 

-12.4"  5 

84 

S.W. 

.00 

" 

2964 

-'..1,  13.0  .8.0 

'5  033-9 

-  4  9  31-6 

9. 

S 

..19 

Mean 

.9.66 

-0.17  14.125.0 

9..[,o.2 

—  9.626.6 

86 

N.E. 

0.27 

5. — Misty,  with  light  rain  early  in  the  morning,  fine  and 
bright  at  about  noon,  and  overcast  afterwards. 

^- Fog  in  morning.  Overcast  all  day.  A  shower  of 
rain  in  the  evening, 

i."Snow    in    early  morning.      Fine    and    bright  from 

). — Fine  and  bright  generally  till  afterr.oon,  misty  at 
4  I'.M.,  and  fog  in  the  evening. 

). — Overcast  and  dull  throughout. 

[. — Dark  and  very  dull  till  afternoon,  then  foggy,  and 
clear  at  night. 

!.— The  minimum  temperature  of  li^  took  place  shortly 
after  midnight  of  the  2iSt ;  the  temperature  then 
rose  rapidly  to  24°,  by  2  A  M.,  to  36'  by  9  A.M., 
and  to  ma.icimum,  43°,  by  4  p.m.  The  morning 
was  fine,  but  then  rain  began  to  fall  at  about 
noon,  and  continued  to  the  evenincr. 


England  :  Temperature. — During  ihe  week  end- 
ing December  iS,  the  highest  temperatures  were  55" 
at  Truro,  54"  at  Plymoulh,  and  49',  5  at  Bristol  ;  the 
highest  at  Newcastle  was  4I^  at  Sunderland  45*, 
and  at  Sheffield  and  Liverpool  46°.  The  general 
mean  was  47°-9- 

The  lowest  temperatures  in  the  week  were  at 
Wolverhatnpton  I9°.5,  at  Nottingham  20^.2,  and  at 
Sheffield  21°  ;  the  lowest  at  Truro  was  30°,  at 
Plymoulh  29^2,  and  at  Brighton  26°.S.  The  general 
mean  was  24*. 


THl 


GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE- 


[December  25    1886. 


The  greatest  ranges  of  temperature  were  at  Not- 
tingham 29°!,  at  Wolverhampton  28°.4,  and  at  Brad- 
ford 25°.  5  ;  the  least  ranges  were  at  Newcastle  17°, 
at  Liverpool  I9°.6,  and  at  Brighton  and  Sunderland 
22°.     The  general  mean  was  23°.9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  high  day  temperatures  was 
highest  at  Truro,  49.°3,  at  Plymouth  4S*.9,  and  at 
Brighton  43° ;  and  lowest  at  Newcastle,  36°.8,  at 
Sheffisld  39'.  I,  and  at  Liverpool  39'. 9.  The  general 
mean  was  41°. 9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  low  night  temperatures  was 
lowest  at  Newcastle,  30°.S,  at  Wolverhampton  Si".?, 
and  at  Sheffield  and  Sunderland,  32"  ;  the  lowest  at 
Truro  was  37°.  7,  at  Plymouth  37°.  5,  and  at  Brighton 
37°.     The  general  mean  was  33°- 9. 

The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  was  greatest  at 
Truro,  1I°.6,  at  Plymouth  u°.4,  and  at  Nottingham 
9°.6  ;  and  least  at  Biighton  and  Newcastle,  6°, 
and  at  Blackheath  6°.  I.  The  general  mean 
was  8^ 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Truro,  43. °5, 
at  Plymouth  43°.2,  and  at  Brighton  40"^  ;  and  lowest 
at  Newcastle,  33°.8,  at  Sheffield  35°.6,  and  at 
Wolverhampton  35°. 9.     The  general  mean  was  37°.9. 

Rain, — The  largest  falls  were  1.92  inch  at  New- 
castle, 1.88  inch  at  Bradfoid,  and  1.S7  inch  at 
Preston  ;  the  smallest  falls  were  0  61  inch  at  Black- 
healh,  0.69  inch  at  Sheffield,  and  0.91  inch  at 
Wolverhampton  and  Liverpool.  The  general  mean 
fall  was  1,47  inch, 

London  :  Atmospheric  Pressure,  —  During  the 
week  ending  December  18,  the  reading  of  the  baro- 
meter at  the  level  of  the  sea  decreased  from  29.43 
inches  at  the  beginning  of  the  week,  to  29  34  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  12th,  incieased  to  29  73  inches 
by  I  P.M.  on  the  13th,  decreaied  to  29.11  inches  by 
the  afternoon  of  the  I5ih,  increased  to  29  72  inches 
by  the  morning  of  the  17th,  decreased  to  29,62  inches 
by  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  and  was  29.75 
inches  at  the  end  of  the  week. 

The  mean  reading  of  the  barometer  for  the  week 
at  the  level  of  the  sea  was  29.50  inches,  being 
0.20  inch  higher  than  last  week,  and  0.49  inch  below 
the  average  of  the  week. 

Temperature. — The  highest  temperature  in  the 
shade  in  the  week  was  47°  on  the  I4'.h  ;  the  highest 
on  the  iSih  was  31°. 7.  The  mean  of  the  seven  high 
day  temperatures  was  4i°.4. 

The  lowest  in  the  week  was  23°. 5  on  the  18th; 
the  lowest  on  the  iSih  was  4i°.2.  The  mean  of  the 
seven  low  night  temperatures  was  35°.  3. 

The  greatest  range  of  temperature  in  one  day  was 
S°.5,  on  the  14th  ;  the  smallest  was  3°.;  on  the  17th. 
The  mean  of  the  seven  daily  ranges  were  6°. 

The  mean  daily  temperatures  were  43°.3  on  the 
I2ih,  43°.4  on  the  I3;h,  43°. 5  on  the  I4lh,  43°.3  on 
the  isth,  36°.6,on  the  i6th,  3i°.9  on  the  I7lh, 
and  27°.5  on  the  l8;h.  These  were  above  their 
averages  on  the  I2ib,  I3ih,  I4!h,  and  I5ih  by  2°.6, 
2°. 8,  2°. 8,  and  2°. 6  above  ;  and  below  on  the  l6th, 
17th,  and  l8th  by  4°.!,  S°.6,  and  I2°.7  respectively. 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  week  was  38''.7, 
being  3°.7  lower  than  last  week,  and  l°.9  below  the 
average  of  the  week. 

The  highest  reading  of  a  thermometer  with  black- 
enid  bulb  in  vacuo  placed  in  the  full  rays  of  the  sun 
was  71°  on  the  12th.  The  mean  of  the  seven  readings 
was  54°.  5. 

Rain. — Rain  fell  on  four  days,  to  the  amount  of 
0.61  inch. 

Scotland  :  Temperature. — During  the  week  end- 
ing December  iS,  the  highest  temperature  was  40°.8, 
at  Leith;  the  highest  at  Peith  was  3S°.2.  The 
general  mean  was  39°.  S. 

The  lowest  temperature  was  21°,  at  Perth;  the 
lowest  at  Paisley  was  24°.5.  The  general  mean  was 
23°. 

The  mean  temperature  was  highest  at  Leith,  34°4  ; 
and  lowest  at  Perth,  30°  4.  The  general  mean  was 
23°. 

Rain. — The  largest  fall  was  o  90  inch,  at  Aberdeen. 
No  rain  fell  at  Perth.  The  general  mean  fall  was 
0.35  inch. 

JAMES  GLAISHER,  F.R.S. 


NovaScotian  Apples.— Some  idea   of  the  im- 
mense   consumption    of    Apples     from     across     the 

Atlantic  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  frequently 
in  a  single  day  one  auctioneer  in  Covent  Garden 
Market  sells  under  the  hammer  10,000  or  more 
barrels  of  fruits  from  Nova  Scutia.  And  the  same 
may  be  said  of  other  salesmen. 


Answers  to  Correspondents. 

^Esthetic  Flowers  :  W.  R.  We  scarcely  under- 
stand the  meaning  of  this  term,  unless  it  be  meant  for 
such  plants  as  Ilelianthus,  both  single  and  double 
flowered  ;  single  Dahlias.  Chrysanthemums,  single 
Chinese  (seedlings),  and  British  wild  species  :  under  the 
designation  might  be  put  Gaillardias,  Zinnias,  Calan- 
drinias,  Petunias,  &c. 

Catalogues  :  ViriJis.  We  cannot  undertake  to  re- 
commend  price-lists.  Examine  our  advertising 
columns. 

CoRNUS  :  Omega.  We  could  only  find  one  twig,  which 
we  were  unable  to  identify.  Cornus  sanguinea  varies 
considerably  in  the  depth  of  its  coloration.  C. 
sibirica  is  a  variety  of  C.  alba,  and  is  generally  darker 
in  colour  than  C.  sanguinea. 

Erratum  :  P.  777,  first  col,,  "The  Onion,"  tenth  line. 
Instead  of  "conqueror"  read  "  congener." 

Flower  Garden  Plans  :  C.  W.  A.  Kemp's  Hew  to 
Lay-out  a  Garden,  published  by  Bradbury,  Agnew  & 
Co.,  9,  Bouverie  Street,  Fleet  Street,  London,  E,C. 

Gardenia  Roots  ;  P,  &■  Co.  The  knobs  on  the  roots 
are  due  to  the  presence  of  minute  worms,  similar  to 
those  which  cause  one  form  of  Cucumber  disease. 
Turn  out  the  soil,  burn  the  plants,  and  start  .-ifresh. 

Heating  and  Coal  :  W.  H.  S.  We  think  the  quan- 
tity of  coal  used  was  small,  considering  the  amount  of 
4-inch  pipes.  The  boilers  and  pipes  must  have  been 
carefully  arranged  and  fi.xed,  or  else,  in  spite  of  your 
mild  locality,  more  fuel  would  have  been  required. 

Insects  ;  C.  T.  The  shrivelled-up  specimens  sent  of 
grubs  which  have  attacked  your  Carnations,  pene- 
trating the  leaves  and  stems,  are  the  larvas  of  a  small 
two-winged  fly  belonging  to  the  family  Muscidee. 
Please  send  some  live  specimens  with  the  attacked 
plants,  that  we  may  rear  them.  /.  O.   IV. 

Names  of  Fp.uits  :  F.  67=  A.  D.  &•  So/is.  i,  Rymer  ; 
2,  Boston  Russet. — Fear :  Bd.  Morse.  Name  un- 
certain— a  worthless  variety. 

Names  of  Plants  :  5.  Douglas.  Probably  Odonto- 
glossum  Dawsonianum. — F.  C.  Oncidiuni  Forbesii.  — 
C.  M.  S.,  Altrinchim.  Probably  a  Care.v,  but  the 
specimen  sent  is  insufficient  for  determination. 


Fhuit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

jAMF.s  Veitcii  &  Son,  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. — Seeds  and  Implements. 

Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley,  Stourbridge— Spring  Cata- 
logue. 

Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading— Amateurs'  Guide  in  Horti- 
culture and  General  Catalogue.  1887. 

W.  E.  BoYCE,  Victoria  Cottages,  Archway  Road,  High- 
gate — Chrysanthemums. 

T.  Laxton,  Bedford— List  of  Novelties,  Fruits,  Vege- 
tables, Roses  and  other  Flowers,  for  Sale  by  Private 
Treaty. 

B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries, 
Upper  Holloway,  N. — Flower,  Vegetable,  and 
Agricultural  Seeds. 

Otto  Mann — Leipzig,  Saxony— Trade  Seed  Catalogue. 

John  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  London,  S.E. 

Charles  Avres,  Cape  Town,  South  Africa— Trade 
List  of  Cape  Bulbs,  &c. 

Dickson,  Brown  &  Tait,  43  and  45,  Corporation 
Street,  Manchester — Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds, 

Dickson  &  Robinson,  12,  Old  Mitigate,  Manchester 
—Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds. 

ROBiCHON-LoYER  &  FiLS,  Route  d'Olivet,  7  and  9, 
Olivet  prts  Orleans  (Loiret)— Azaleas  and  Roses. 


;  Received. —W,  B,— R,  G.— Lucien  Linden, 
W.  S.-G.  I.  A.— C,  D'Ancona,  Florence.— 
1'-.  w.  B.-U,  W.  Eirdsall.— A,  S,-A,  D.  W,— H.  E.— 
Ernest  Bergraann,  Paris.-J.  McI.— R,  McL,— I,  M,— 
G,  M,— T.  G,  R,— H.  J.  v.— K,  D,-G.  M,— H."  E.— H. 
Correvon.  Geneva, -H.  b,-H.  W.  W.-A.  H.  S,-H.  V.— 
G.  ,M.— C.  W,  D,— J.  M.~Sir  T.  L.— Messrs.  Carter.— 
N,  E.  B.-W.  T.  T.  D,— W.  Bickerst.iff— L,  V.  C,  Brace. 
Les  Vaux,— M,  B,,  Middlebursh,- ic  Monileiir  Hcrticole. 
— -MissO— E  R.  C.— J.  H.  H.-Rev.  Canon  Burbidge,— 
N,  E.  B.-D.  T.  F.— vV.  S.— J.  R.  J.— A.  D.— W.  W.— 
N.  B.-C.  J.  F.-J.  J.  F.-T.  D.-W.  HI.  P.  Co. 


larKets. 


COVENT   GARDEN,    Decemhir   23. 

Ouu  Christmiis  trade  has  been  somewhat  below  the 

average,   notwithstanding   the    low    prices,    and   niany 

goods  have  only  been  cleared  against  the  grower,  yarnes 

[Vfbber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Vegetables.— AvEHAGB  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  perdoz..  ^ 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb...  i 
Beet,  red.  per  dozen  1 
Brussels  Sprouts,  lb.  c 
Carrots,  per  bunch.,  c 
C'.iuUflowers, perdoz.  ; 
Celery,  per  bundle.,  i 
Cucumbers,  each  . .  c 
Endive,  per  dozen  . .  1 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ..  c 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ..  c 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.,  i 
PoTATOs:— KcntRe 
Beauty  of  Hebron, 


Onions,  per  bushel..  %  c 
Parsley,  dozen  bunch  3  c 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  . .  4  ( 
,,  kidney,  per  cwt  4  1 
Shallots,  per  pound.,  o  ; 
Spinach,  per  bushel  5  c 

Turnips,  bundi       . .  o  . 


Apples,  M-sleve  . .  16-36 
—  Nova  Scotia,  bil.  8  c-12  o 
Grapes,  per  lb.  .,  10-26 
Kent  Cobs,  100  lb.  .  .65  o  70  o 


Lemons,  per  case  ..12  0-21  < 
Pears,  per  dozen  ..  20-41 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  i  o-  i  ( 
—  St.  Michael,  each  i  6-  6  < 


Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  o-iS  o 
Arum  Lilies, dozen,.  18  0-24  o 
Azaleas,  per  dozen..  24  0-42  o 
Begonias,  per  dozen  6  0-12  o 
Bouvajdias,  doz.  ..  9  0-12  o 
Chrysanth.,  per  doz.  4  o-i3  o 
Cyclamens,  dozen  ..12  0-24  o 
Cyperus,  per  dozen..  4  0-12  o 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  .,  ..30  0-60  o 

—  viridis,  per  doz. .  12  0-24  o 
Epiphyllum,  dozen..  iS  0-30  o 
Erica  gracilis,  doz...    g  0-12  o 

—  hyemalis,  doz.  ..12  0-24  o 

—  rtrgerminans,doz.  8  0-12  o 

—  various,  dozen.,  9  0-24  o 
Euonymus,    in  var., 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  o-i3  o 


Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen  ..  ..  i 

Ficus  elastica  each..  10-70 
Ferns,  in  var.,  dozen  4  0-18  g 
Foliage  Plants,  vari- 

Marguerite       Daisy, 

per  dozen  ..         ..6  0-12  o 
"ignonette,  per  doz. 


Myrtles,  per  do 


Pall 


Pelargoniumn 

let,  per  doz, 

Poinsettias,  d 


6  0-12 
;ach  3  6-21 


dozen  ..  ..4c 

Solanums,  per  dozen  9  c 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Arum  Lilies,  12  bims.  4  o-  ( 
Azaleas,  12  sprays  . .  o  g-  i 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  o  6-  : 
Camellias,  12  blooms  2  o-  < 
Carnations,  12  bIms.  1  o-  ; 
Chrysanth.,  12  blms.  o  6-  : 

—  12  bunches  ..  4  01: 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  4  o-  i 
Gardenias,  i2blooms  6  0-1: 
Heliotmpe,  12  spr.  o  6-  i 
Jasmine,_  white,  bun.  o  6-  ( 
Lapageria,     red,     12 

blooms        . .         . .    I  o-  : 

—  white,  12  blooms  2  o-  < 
Marguerites,    per   12 

bunches     ..  , .   3  o-  ( 

Mignonette,  13  bun.     i  o-  ; 


Pelargoniums,  per  12 

trusses        ..  ..10-16 

—  scarlet,  12  trusses  6  o-ia  o 
Primulas,    single,   12 

bunches  ..  ,.40-60 
Pyrelhrums.  12  bun.  20-40 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.   10-30 

—  red,  per  dozen  . .   10-30 

—  red,  French,  doz,  16-20 

—  Saffrano,  Fr,,  doz.  06-20 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  6  o-ia  o 
Tropxolums,  12  bun.  i  o~  a  o 
Tuberoses,  12  blms..  10-20 
Violets,  i2bunches..   16-30 

—  Parme,    French, 

per  bunch  ..         ..36-50 

—  Czar,  Fr.,  bunch  16-20 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Dec.  22,— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons,  Seed 
Merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G..  slate  that  with 
a  thin  attendance  on  the  Seed  Market  but  little  business 
was  transacted  to-day.  Operations  in  Clover  seed,  and, 
indeed,  in  most  other  arricles,  seem  generally  postponed 
until  alter  the  holidays,  meantime  values  all  round  keep 
firm.  For  choice  red  seed  somewhat  higher  prices  are 
asked.  Rye-grasses  steadily  maintain  the  recent  advance. 
There  is  no  change  to  be  noted  with  regard  to  bird 
seeds,  Blue  I'eas  have  met  a  rather  improved  sale. 
Linseed  continues  to  tend  in  favour  of  holders. 


CORN. 

Mark  Lane:  Dec.  20.  —The  market  opened  very 
firm,  but  the  finish  was  tame,  owing  to  an  e.vtensive  lack 
of  demand.  English  Wheat  was  generally  held  above 
the  views  of  buyers,  and  very  little  was  done,  ir.  over 
the  rates  o(  Monday  List  being  paid.  Foreign  Wheat 
met  a  fair  demand  at  6d.  advance,  but  is.  being  in  many 
cases  required,  checked  business.  Flour,  of  which  the 
supplies  have  been  lightened  a  good  deal,  is  6d,  to  is. 
per  sack  dearer  on  the  week,  with  a  fair  inquiry.  Very 
little  was  doing  in  malting  Barley,  and  prices  were  un- 
changed. Grinding  Barley  was  in  moderate  demand, 
and  rather  higher.  Beans  showed  a  rise  of  6d.  per 
quarter  from  the  rates  of  Monday  last,  and  Peas,  which 
continue  very  scarce,  were  the  turn  dearer.  No  quotable 
change  occurred  in  the  value  ot  flat  Maize,  but  round 
corn  was  6rf.  per  quarterr  higher.  Oats  met  rather  a 
better  sale,  and  the  market  was  firmer. 

Dec,  22. — Wheat  was  very  quiet,  but  there  was  rather 
more  tone  about  the  markets  at  the  close.  Flour  was  in 
moderate  request,  with  prices  tending  against  buyers. 
Grinding  Barley  supported  Monday's  value,  and  met  a 
moderate  inquiry.  Malting  descriptions  were  dull  of 
sale.  Beans  and  Peas,  cf  which  the  supplies  continue  in 
very  narrow  compass,  tended'againsl  buyers.  O.tts  moved 
off  slowly  without  quotable  change  in  value.  Maize  was 
steady. 

Average  prices  o(  corn  for  the  weekending  Dec.  l3  :  — 
Wheat,  331,  41/,  ;  Barley,  rgi,  7</. ;  Oats,  i6j,  -jd.  For  the 
corresponding  period  last  year  :— Wheat,  30^.  bd.; 
Barley,  291.  3,/. ;  Oats,  iSj,  id. 


FRUIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Dec.  22.— Good  supplies, 
and  tr.lde  briik  at  advanced  prices.  Quotations  :— 
Apples,  4f.  toyi.  per  bushel  ;  Pears  (eating),  3,1,  to  10s. 
do.  ;  stewing  do.,  21.  6d.  to  y.  do,;  Cauliflowers.  2j.  to 
4.1.  per  dozen  ;  Spinach,  21.  bd.  to  4J.  per  sieve  ;  Brussels 
Sprouts,  2j.  bd.  to  4J.  per  bushel  ;  Cabbages,  2S.  to 
41.  per  tally  ;  Savoys,  is.  to  31.  do.  ;  Greens,  3^.  to  5'. 
per  dozen  bunches  ;  Turnips,  2.t.  to  y.  do.  ;  Carrots, 
IS.  bd.  to  2J.  do.;  do.,  iZs.  to  30J.  per  ton  ;  Onions, 
4;.  to  4r.  bd.  per  cwt.  ;  Mangels,  141.  to  15X.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Dec.  21.— The  market  has  oeen  well 
supplied,  and  a  good  trade  was  done  at  the  following 
prices  :— Savoys,  41.  to  51.  per  tally  ;  Parsnips,  grf.  to 
IS.  per  score  ;  Turnips,  is.  to  2f,  bd.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
do.  301.  to  4or.  per  ton  ;  Carrots  (household),  30J.  to 
";j.   do;    cattle  feeding,   30J.    to    31/.   do.  ;    Mangels, 


b.L 


ijs.   bd. 


ts,  Sor.  to  10 
:.  ;  M.-,gim,i 


SchooIiT 


A'edes,  15J. 
Onions,  80J.  do.  ;  Watercress,  bd.  per  dozen  ; 
Celery,  C)S.  to  i2r,  per  dozen  rolls  ;  Mislleto,  lor,  per 
crate  ;  Holly,  ti,  to  is.  bd.  per  market  bale  ;  Apples,  31. 
to  3s.  bd.  per  bushel  ;  Horse  Radish,  41/.  to  l^.  per  bale  ; 
Laurels.  6d.  per  bunch;  Bo.v,  3i/.  do.;  Sprouts,  ^i.  to 
2s.  per  half-sieve. 


' 


December  25,  1SS6.] 


THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


819 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS      ARTICLES      ON      ALL      DEPARTMENTS      OF 

GARDENING,    PRACTICAL   AND    SCIENTIFIC, 

REPORTS  of  EXHIBITIONS,  REVIEWS  of  BOOKS,  and  NOTICES  of  all  HORTICULTURAL 

MA  ITERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

HOME,     COLONIAL,    and    FOREIGN     CORRESPONDENCE. 


ALPINE  PLANTS. 
ARBORETUM— The. 
BEDDING  PLANTS. 
BEES.— BOTANY. 
BULBOUS  PLANTS. 
CHEMISTRY  OF  PLANTS. 
CONIFERS. 

DISEASES  OF  PLANTS. 
EVERGREENS. 
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. 
FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

Original  Illustrations  by 


Special  attention  is  given  to 

FLOWER  GARDENS. 
FORCING.— FORESTRY. 
FRUIT  CULTURE. 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 
HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. 
KITCHEN  GARDENING. 
LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 
LAWNS  —LILIES. 
MACHINES. 
MANURES— Analyses  of. 

W.  H.  FITCH,  FL.S.,   W. 


the  following  subjects  :- 

MARKET  GARDENING. 
NEPENTHES.— ORCHIDS. 
PALMS.— PLANTING. 
PLEASURE  GROUNDS. 
POMOLOGY. 
POTATOS. 

RHODODENDRONS. 
ROCKERIES.— ROSES. 
SHRUBS  and  SHRUBBERIES. 
STOVE  PLANTS.— SOILS. 
SUCCULENT  PLANTS. 

G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  IV. 


TOWN  GARDENING. 
TRAINING. 
TRAVEL— Notes  ol. 
TREES — Deciduous  and  Ever- 
green. 
VEGETABLE   CULTURE. 
VEGETABLE   PHYSIOLOGY 
VINES.— WALKS.— WALLS. 
WEATHER.— WEEDS. 
WINDOW  GARDENING. 
WOODS,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

f.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


ADLAM  (H.),  Nat.il 

ANDERSON  (I.) 

ANDR     (E.),  Paris 
ANTOINE  (F.),  ihc  late,  Vienna 

ATKINS  (J.)         

AUSTEN    (J.),     Wiiley    Court 

BACKHOUSE  (T.')',  York 
UADEN-POVVELL  (H.) 
BADGER  (E.W.) 
BAILLIE  (W.  M.).  Lulon  Hoo 

Gardens  

BA!NES(T.) 

BAKER  (G.) 

BAKER  (J.  G,).  F.RS.    . 

BALFOUR  (the  late  Professor)  . 

BALL(J.),  F.R..S 

BANCROFT  (G.).  M.D. 
BARRON  (A.  F.),  Chiswick     .. 
BAXTER    (W.     H.),     Botanic 

Gardens.  Oxford 
BEIJERiNCK,Dr..W.-.5;r.;„gen 
BEInNET  (H.),  M.D.,  Mcntone 
BENNETT  (A,  W.) 
BENNETT  (G  ).  M.D.,  Sydney 
BENTHAMfthe  late  G.),  F.R.S, 
BERGMAN  (E.),  Paris  .. 
BERKELEY(Rev.  1I.J.).F.R.S. 
BLACKMOREfR.  D.).. 
BLAIR  IT.),  Shrubland  Gardens 
BOISSIER  (E.),  the  late,  Geneva 
BONAVIA(Dr.),  N.  W.  P.  India 
BOSCAWEN  (Hon.  &  Rev.  J.  T.) 
BOULGER(G,  S.),  F.L.S.       .. 
BOYLE  (Hon.  M.s.  E.  V.) 
ER.\DSH.\\V   (A  ),  \Vaddesdon 

BRIGHT  (the  late'k.  A.')'         .. 
BRHTEN  (J),  B.iiish  Museum 
BROWN  (N.  E.).  Kcw  .. 
BULLEN  (R.),  Kot;mic  Garden, 

Glasgow 
EURBIDGE    (F.   W.),    Botanic 

Garden,  Dublin 
BURVENICH  (Fr.),  Ghent      .. 
CARMICHAEL     iC.    A.    M.). 

Henley-in-Arden 
CARUEL  (Professor),  Florence. . 
,  CASPARY(Prof.),  Kcenigsberg . . 

CHALLIS(T.) 

CHlTiy(W.),  Pewsey  .. 
CL.i.RKE  (Col.  TREVOR)       .. 
CLARKE  (C.  B.),  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD  (T.  S.).  F.R.S. 
COLEMAN  (W.),  Easuior  Castle 

Gardens 

COOKE  (M.  C) 

COOMBER  (J  ),  Tlie  Hendre  .. 
CO0MBER(W.).  Regent's  Park 
COOPER  (Sir  DAN.,  Bin.)  .. 
CORNU  (Pro'cssorM),  Direc  or 

of  the  Jardin  des  PLintes,  Paris 
CORREVON  (H.),  Geneva  .. 
CREVifE  (the  late  Rev.  H.H.).. 
CROSSLING  (R.),  St.  Fag.in's 

Castle  Gardens 
DARWIN  (the  late  CHARLES) 

DEAN  (A.) 

DEAN(R.) 

DECAISNE(theIate  Prof.),  Paris 
DE  CAN  DOLLE  (A.),  Geneva  . 
DEHE RAIN  (Professor),  Paris.. 
DE  MAR.  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DEWAR(Mr.),  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew        

DOD  (Rev.  C.  W.) 
D'OMBRAIN  (Rev.  H.  H.)     .. 
DOUGLAS  (J.),  Great  Gearies, 

Ilford 

DOWNIE  (J.).  Edinbuigh 
DRUDE  (Professor),  Dresden  . . 

DRUERY(C.) 

DUCHARTRE  Profe-'sor),  Paris 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  may  be  mentioned ;— 


»1  Notes. 
Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
P'orei^n  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchid  (Alpine)  Culture. 

Forestry. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Alpine  Plants. 
Queensland  Correspondeoi 


i;ultu 


■?iactical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Veg:lable  Physiology. 
.Australian  Correspondence. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Pomology. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Plants. 
Indian  Notes. 
Landscape  Gardening. 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Amateur  Gardening. 

Orchid  Culture. 
Notes    from  a    Lancashire 
Plant  Lore.  [Garden. 

Garden  Botany. 


Garden  Literature. 
Foreign  Corresponde  n 
Foreign  Corresponden- 
Practical  Gardening. 


Diseases  of  Plants. 

Practical  Gardening, 

Fungi. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Australian  Coirespondei 


Practical  Gardening. 
Physiology  of  Plants. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Floriculture. 
Garden  Botany. 
Gaiden  Botany,  &c. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Plants. 
Roses. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Ferns. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 


DUNN(M.),  Dalkeith 
DUTHIE  (I.  F.),  Sah.arunpote.. 
DYER  (BERNARD)      .. 
DYER  (W.     T.    T.),    Director, 

Royal  Gardens,  Kew 

EARLEY(W.) 

EICHLER  (Professor),  Director 

Imperial  Bot.  Garden,  Berlin 
ELLACOMBE  (Rev.  H.  N). 

ELWESIH.  J.) 

ENGELMANN(thelateG.),  St. 

Louis,  U.S.A.  .. 
EVANS  (A.),  Li  the  Hill  Cirdens 
EVERSHED(H.) 
EWBANK(Rev.  H.),  Ryde  .. 
FENZI  (Cav.  E.),  Klorence  .. 
FINDLAY(B.l,  Manchester  .. 
FISH      (D.      T.),      Hardwicke 

Gardens  

FISHER  (Rev.  O.)! 
FITCH  (\V.  H.).  F.L.S. 
FOSTER  (Dr.  M.),  F.R.S.       .. 
FOWLER  (A.),  Castle  Kennedy 

FRASER(J.),  Kew 

GIBSON  (WM.) 

GILBERT  (J.  H.),  F.R.S. 

GLAISHER(J.),  F.R.S. 

GRAY  (Prof.  ASA),  Boston       . . 

GREEN  (CHARLES)    .. 

GRIEVE  (P.),  Bury  St.  Edmunds 

GRINDON(LEO) 

HANBURY(T.),  Mentone 

HART  (J.),  Jamaica        .. 

HEMSLEY(W.  B.) 

HEMSLEY(A.) 

HENRY(the  late  I.  ANDERSON 

HENRIQUEZ  (Prof.),  Coimbra 

HENSLOW(Rev.  G.)    .. 

HOOKER  (Sir  J.  D.),  K.C.S.L 

HORNER(Rev.  F.  D.).. 

HUDSON  (J),  Gunnersbury 
Gardens  

IM  THURN  (EVERARD), 
British  Guiana 

INGRAM  (W.),  Belvoir  Gardens 

JACKSON  (J.  R  ),  KcwMuseum 

JOLY(C.),  Paris 

JULIAN(R1CHD.),  F.R.I. B.A. 

KING  (Dr.),  Director  Royal  Bo- 
tanic Garjen,  Calcutta 

KN1GHT(H.) 

KOLB  (MAX).  Munich  .. 

KRELAGE  (E.  H.),  Haarlem  .. 

LANGE  (Prof.),  Copenhagen    .. 

LAVALL£e  (the  late  ALPH.), 


Practical  Garden; 
Colonial  Notes. 
Chemical  .Analyses. 

Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 
Gar  en  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 

Conifers. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Garden  Literature. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 


P.aris 


LAWRENCE   (Sir  TREVOR), 

President  Royal  Hon.  Soc. . . 
LEICHTLIN    (.MAX),     Baden 

Baden    

LOWNE,  (B.  T.).  F.R.C.S.      .. 
LYNCH     (R.     I.),     Cambridge 

Botanic  Garden 
MACLACHLAN  (R.),  F.R.S.  .. 
MACOWAN  (Prof.),  Cape  Town 
MANGLES(theIateJ.H.),  F.L.S. 

MARIES  (C.)        

MAW(G.),  F.L.S 

MEEHAN(T.).  Philadelphia   .. 
MELVILLE     (D.),      Dunrobin 

Gardens  

MICH.\EL(.\.  D.) 

MICHIE  (C.  Y.),  CuUen  House, 

Banff 

MILES  (G.  T.),  Wycombe  Abbey 

MILLER  (W.),  Corabe  Abbey!! 

MONTEIRO  (Chev  )  Lisbon    .. 

MOORE  (F.  W.),  Glasnevin  Bo- 
tanic Garden 

MOORE  (T.),  Botanic  Garden., 
Chelsea 


Plant  Phy.-iologj',  Irids. 

Practical  Ga-dening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Town  Gardening. 
Vegetrble  Chem.stry. 
Meteorology. 
Garden  BoLiny. 
Plant  Culture. 
Practical  Gardening 
Garden  Literature. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Gardening. 
■)  Garden  Plants. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Vegetable  Physiology. 
Garden  Botany. 
Florists'  Flowers, 

Flower  Gardening. 

Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Economic  Botany. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Garden  Architecture. 

Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

Garden  Botany. 


Garden  Botany. 
Insects. 

Colonial  Notes. 
Rhododendrons. 
Japan  Plants. 
Crocus— Garden  Plant! 
American  Correspondei 


Practical  Gardening. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondei 

Practical  Gardening. 


MORREN  (Professor),  Lie-ge    .. 
MORRIS  (D.),  Jamaica.. 
MUELLER  (Baron  Sir  FERD. 

v.),  Melbourne 
MURRAY  (G.).  British  Museum 
MURTON(H.  J).  Siam 
NAUDIN(C.),  Autibes  .. 
NELSON  (C.  J),   Orange  Free 

State 

NICHOLSON  (G.),  Kew 
O'BRIEN  (JAMES) 

O'BRIEN  (T.)       

OLIVER  (Capt.  S.) 
OLIVER  (Prof),  F.R.S. 
OLIVEIRA  (J,  D').  Oporto      .. 
ORMEROD(iMiss) 
PAGET  (Sir  JAM  IS)     .. 
PAUL  (GEORGE) 

PAUL(WM.)        

PFITZER  (Prof.),  Heidelberg  .. 

PHILIPS  (W.) 

PLANCHON(Prof),Montpellier 

PL0WRIGH1'(C.  E) 

PRESTO  (H.),  Trinid.ad 
PYNAERT(E  ),  Ghent  .. 
REGEL(E.),  St.  Petersburg     .. 
REICHENBACH  (Professor)  .. 
RICHARDS   (G.    H.),  Somerley 

Gardens     . .         

RIDLEV(H.N.),BritishMuseum 
RIVERS  (F.),  Saivbridgewonh. . 

ROBERTS  (J.) 

ROBINSON  (J.  F.) 
RODIGAS(E. I.Ghent   .. 
ROLFE.  Royal  Gardens,  Kew.. 

RUST(J.) 

SARGEANT(C.  W.),  Boston  .. 

SAUL  (M),  York 

SCHO.MBURGK  (Dr.).  Adelaide 
SHEPP.A.RD    (J),    Wolverstoo 

Gardens  

SIEMENS(thelateSitW.)F.R.S. 
SMEE(A.  H.),  Wallington       .. 

S.MITH  (W.G.),  F.L.S 

SMITH  (T.),  New  Zealand  .. 
SMITH  (J.),  Mentmore  Gardens 
SORAUER  (Prof.),  Proskau  .. 
STEIN,  Brcslau  Garderis 
STRICKL.AND  (SirC.) 
SURINGAR  (Professor),  Leyden 
SWAN    (W.),    Howick    House, 

Preston . . 
SYME  (G.),  Jamaica  .. 
THOMAS  (O.).  Chatsworth  Gds. 
THOMSON  (W.l,  Clovenfords.. 
THURBER(G.),  New  York  .. 
TODARO  (Baron),  Palermo  . . 
TRl.MEM  (H.),  Ceylon  .. 

VE1TCH(H,)        

VILMORIN(H).  Paris.. 
WALLIS(J.),  Keela  Gardens  .. 
WARD  (H.  W,),  Longford  Castle 

WARD  (MARSHALL)  !!         !! 
WARINGTON  (R.) 
W.ATSON  (SERENO),   Boston, 

U.S..\ 

WATSON  (W.),  Kew  .. 
WATT  (Dr.),  Calcutta  .. 
WEBSTER  (J.),  Gordon  Castle 


Gardens 


WEBSTER    (A.    D.),    Penrhyn 

Castle 

WEIR  (H).,  Tunbridge  Wells  .. 
WESTWOOD  (Professor) 
WILDSMITH    (W.),   Heckficld 

WILLIS(J.  W.),  Harpeiiden    !! 
WILSON  (G.  F.),  F.R.S. 

WILSON  (D.)       

WII-TMACK  (Dr.),  Berlin 
WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg 
With  many  c 


Australian  Plants. 
Plant  Diseases. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Arboretum. 

Oichid  Culture. 

Propagation. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Garden  Botany. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Insects. 

Diseases  of  Plants. 

Floriculture. 

Floriculture. 

Orchids. 

Fungi— Plant  Diseases. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Fungi— Plant  Diseases. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Orchids. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Orchids. 

Fruit  Culture. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Bees. 

Foreign  Correspondence. 

Garden  Botany. 

Practical  Gardening. 

American  Correspondence. 

Practical  Gardening. 

Colonial  Notes. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Electric  Light. 
Practical  Gardning. 
Illustrations-Fungi. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Garden  Botany. 
Garden  Botany. 
Foreign  Corresponde.nce. 

Orchid  Culture. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Practical  Gardening. 


Corresponde! 
Garden  Botany. 
Colonial  Notes. 
Orchids. 

Foreign  Correspondcnc 
Practical  Gardening. 

Practical  Gardening. 
Diseases  of  Plants. 
Vegetable  Chemistry. 

Garden  Botany. 
Practical  Gardening. 
Indian  Notes. 

Practical  (gardening 


Practical  Gardening. 
Foreign  Correspondence. 
Foreign  Correspondence, 
thers. 


820 


THE     GARDRNERS'    CHRONICLE. 


tDECEMBER  25,    1886, 


ESTABLISHED    1720. 

Messrs.  CHAS.  LEE  &  SON 


CYPRESS  and  LAURUSTINE:— 

CUPEESSUS  LAWSONIANA  ERECTA  VIRIDIS 

AEGENTEA    VAEIEGATA, 

The  Cilpre5sus  I  awsoniana  erecta  viridis  has  becjme  so 
universally  pnoular  that  it  requires  Co  deficriplioti  here  :  it  reed 
only  be  said  that  our  p'ant  is  a  very  fine  silver  variegated  form 
of  this  Conifer  for  its  unrivniled  meiitsas  a  deejrative  shrub  to 
be  at  once  appreciated. 

Plants  ready  for  distribution,  lOS.  6d.  each. 

VIBUENaM    TINOS    AUEE0-MAEGINATU3. 

A  grand  new  Evergreen,  leaf  margined  >vilh  a  band  of  grid. 

Price  73.  6d.  each. 
Fi'St-clius  Cirli/icalts  at  Roial  Bo'aii-c  and  Hmt.  Sx'cllcs. 


Royal  Vineyard  Nursery,  Hartimersmith,  W. 

ALDER,  3  to  4  feet,  22s.  per  1000  ;  ASH, 
a  to  3  feet.  171.  per  loco  ;  ditto,  \\i  to  2  feet,  lat  6</. 
per  1000  BIRCH,  2  to  3  feet,  aoj.  per  tooo.  SPANISH 
CHESTNUTS.  1  feet,  iSi.  per  1000.  ELM,  2  to  3  feet,  i6s. 
per  foi:o;  ditto,  3  to  4  feit,  201.  per  1000.  LAkCH.  r  to 
i^  foot,  ijj  6rr.  per  1000 ;  ditto,  tK  to  2  feet,  t4i.  per  1000; 
ditto  «^to  nYz  feet,  i6j,  per  tooo  ;  ditto,  zj^  to  3  feet.  iSi.  per 
06  feet,  35r. 


per 


^  feet, 


duto,  3  feet,  bushy,  10s.  per  100.  SCOTCH  FIR, 
i3t.  per  tcoo;  drtlo,  2  to  2'^  feet,  tSi,  par  1030.  HAZELS. 
3  feet,  20J.  per  10. o.  OAKS.  2  to  3  feet.  171.  dd.  par  loco. 
iYCAMORE,  2  to  3  feet,  i6r.  per  1000;  ditto.  3  to  4  feet 
2M.  per  1000.  THORNS.  iJ4  to  2  feet,  t4S.  per  rooj  ;  ditto, 
2  to  i\i  feet,  165.  per  loco;  ditto,  3  feet.  aor.  per  tcoo. 
PRIVETS,  2  to  3  feet.  lis.  per  1000.  PRIVETS  OVALI- 
FOLIUM,  2  to  2"^  feet  301.  per  tooo;  ditto.  4  feet,  extra 
bushy,  laj.  per  100.  BEECH,  i^  10  2  feet.  its.  per  1000  : 
ditto,  2  to  2^  feet,  i8j.  per  tcoo.  MVROEOLANA  PLUM, 
a  feet,  251  per  10:0  .'Special  offer  by  50,000  and  100,000. 
GARLIES  MITCHELL,  Nurseryman,  Stranraer. 

HERBACEOUS 

AND   ALPINE    PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  of  50  Pages,  containing  full  information  as 
to  colour,  height,  situation,  time  of  flowering,  &c.,  free  on 
application. 

A  CAPITAL  COLLECTION  for  ROCKS,  STUMPS,  and 
BORDERS,  from  251.  per  100,  or  4J.  per  dozen. 

Most  of  the  Plants  being  in  Pots  may  be  desca'.ched  at  any 
time,  or  by  Parcel  Post  when  fit. 


RICHARD      SMITH     &     CO., 

NURSERYMEN    AND    SEED    MERCHANTS, 

WORCESTER. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  EEFUSE. 

4d.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25J.  ;  truck  (loose,  about  3  tons), 

ioj.  :  4. bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

LIGHT    BROWN     FIBROUS    PEAT,   51.   td.    per    sack  ; 

5  sacks  Z5J.  ;  sacks,  ^d.  each. 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  51.  per  sack,  5  sacks  22s.  ;  sacks. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  II.  9<i.  per  bushel;  151.  per  hall 
ton,  261.  per  ton  in  2-bushel  bags,  ^d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  \s  per  bushel. 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  81.  td.  per  sack, 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TO- 
BACCO CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for 
Price  LIST.-H.  G.  SMYTH.  F.R.H  S.,  21,  Goldsmith's 
Street,  Drury  Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

PEAT  for  ORCHIDS  and  GENERAL  USE. 

LOAM,    SAND,    LEAF-MOULD, 
MOSS,    STICKS,    LABELS,    MATS, 

Tobacco  Paper  and  Cloth,  Fumlgators, 

CUTLERY,    TEAK    BASKETS.    EVERY    REIJUISITE. 

Pots  for  Orchids  and  Ordinary  Use— real  value. 

Pottery  of  every  Description. 

TREPHO  for  ORCHIDS -a  really  genuine  article. 

Prices  sent  for  the  Large  Antliracite. 
CATALOGUES  and  ALL  PARTICULARS,  POST-FREE. 

BENJAMIN    FIELD,    F.R.H. S., 

Horticultural  Soils,  Manures,    Sundries,  aud  Pottery, 

Swan  Place,  Cia  Kent  Road,  London,  S  E 
Telegraphic  Address:-"  FLORICULTURE,"    London 

BEESON'S  MANURE  is  the  best  for  all 
Horticultural  Purposes.  Sold  in  tins,  is.,  2s.  bj.,  sr.  td., 
and  los.  td.,  or  r  c*t.  bags,  sealed,  131.  each.  By  all  Nursery- 
men or  Seedsmen,  or  direct  from  Carbrook  Bone  Milk, 
Sheffield.  Also  pure  CRUSHED  UNBOILED  BONES,  any 
size,  and  guaranteed  of  the  best  quality. 


pEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

J-  Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four  ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  loi.  per  yard.  In  bigs,  at  is.  td.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat  St.  per  bag;  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  101.  td.  per 
bag.     SILVERSAND,  coarse  or  fine,  131.  per  t.;n. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 


THOMSON'S  IMPROVED  VINE  and 
PLANT  MANURE.-This  valuable  Manure  is  made 
uj  sokly  on  our  premises  here.  Every  Bag  and  Tin  has  our 
Name  on  it.  It  tjan  be  had  from  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 
and  direct  from  us,  i  cwt.  and  over  c".rii^^c  paid. 

Our  London  Agent  is  Mr.  GEORGE,  10,    V:etoiia   Road, 
Putney,  S.W. 
WM.  THOMSON  and  SONS,  Clovenfords,  Galashiels,  N.B. 

ELP—   KELP  —  KELP.— 

This  powerful  and  stimulating  Ash,  nride  from  the  sun- 
dried  plants  of  Lamenaria  digitata  and  other  selected  seaweeds, 
is  especially  rich  in  Potash,  and  Phosphiric  Acid-  Mi.\ed  with 
three  times  its  bulk  of  dry  soil,  its  effect  on  Vine  Borders, 
Ttmato  Plants,  and  nearly  all  Pot  Plants,  is  marked  and  bene- 
ficial, while  no  better  dressing  exists  for  Potato-,  Peas,  Sea- 
llale.  and  Celerv.  It  is  an  excellent  Renovator  for  Old 
Garden  Soil,  aftd  exhausted  and  Moss-grown  Lawns.  Price 
(for  cash  with  order  only),  ts.  per  bushel  bag,  bag  included. 
Carriage  paid  on  orders  of  2  bushels  ana  over. 

J.   E.  FEREY,  La  Poudretterie,  St.  Martins,  Jersey. 

N.B.-As  the  Seaweeds  selected   (or  this  Ash  can  only  be 

haivested  duiing  the  spring  tides  of  the  four  summer  months, 

and   then  at  some  distance  from   the  mainland,  ih;    supply  is 

necessarily  limited,  and  Orders  will  therefoie  be  executed  in 


To  Market  Gardeners,   &c. 

To  Grow  fine  Vegetables  and  Flowers,  Gardeners  should  use 

SULPHATE     OF     AMMONIA. 

One  trial  will  prove  ihe  great   value  of  this  Manure,    and 
ensure  its  constant  use  hereafter.       It  can  be  applied   eiihtr 
separately  or  mixed  with  ordinary  stable  or  farmvarrt  manure.     I 
Rose  Trees  and  Garden   Plans  are  much  benefied  by  being 
watered  with  a  weak  solution  once  or  twice  a  week.     Instruc-    I 
pplication.  post-free.     Price  free  on  rail  at  Sheffield,     | 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Mbdals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market    (All  sacks  included.) 
PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous   ..    5J.  per  sack  ;  s  sacks  for  221.  td. 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ..  ^s.td.      „      s  sacks  for  2or. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid   SJ.  6d,      „      5  sacks  for  25J. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ..     "^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,best  (11.  per  bush.,  31.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  ..     f        (sacks  included). 
PEAT  MOULD,        „         ..    J 
SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  is.  6tf.  per  bush.,  141.  half  ton,  :4r.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only ij.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ..     8./.  lb.   28  lb.  i8j. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „         (SpScialit^)    8rf.  lb.,  28  lb,  i8j. 

MUSH  ROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  . .     51.  per  bushel. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  all  selected,  21.  per  bush..  6j.  per  sack. 
CHUBB'S  "PERFECT"  FERTILISER,  the  Best  Food  for 

allkindsofPlants,  Flowers.  Fruits,  Vegetables,&c.  Tins,  is.  M. 

Bags— 7 lb.,  3s.;  141b.,  ss.:  281b.,  8s.:  561b.,  141.;  icwt.,22s. 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only-14  lb.  31.;  28  lb.,  5s.  &/.; 

561b  .  los.  td.:  1  cwt  ,  17s.  Lper  bushel. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  best  quality  only,  2s.  td. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks,  IS.  each  ;  10  sacks,  gs.  ;  15  sacks,  131. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ; 

30  sacks.  25s;  40  sacks,  305.    Truck-load.  loose,  free  on  rail, 

ass.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated,  io 

sacks  only,  2S.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Rod  Spldsr,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  oUnCeo  to  the 
galloa  of  soft  water  ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vinot 
and  Orchard-house  Trees  ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  mteoded  to 
aufjsraede  it.     Boxea,  u.,  3/.,  and  loi.  td. 

GlSHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  td.  and  is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

Boslier'B  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
ase  made  .in  materials  of  great  durability.  The 
plainer  sorts  are  specially 
suited  for  KITCHEN 
GARDENS,  as  they  har- 
boiu-  no  Slu^s  ox  Inseets, 
take  up  Uttle  room,  and, 
once  put  down,  incur  no 
further  labour  or  expense, 
as  do  "grown"  Edgings,  consequently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone, 
very  durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 
F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT   "ACME"    FRAMES, 

PLANT    COVERS,  and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  ;    also 

for   FOXLEY'S    PATENT    BEADED    GARDEN    WALL 

BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied, 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
(or  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Pnces.  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths.  Ac.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Walt  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.     Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  dement,  &c. 

r.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  TUe  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


CHUBB,    ROUND  &  CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,   E. 

HONOURABLE  MtXTION  and 
.A  WARD  of  MERIT  IhillitnlEnst 

Riditis  ChrtsiKtllumum  Soc,  r886. 
CER  r/FlCA  TE  of  MERIT.  Scar- 

boroush  floral  Society.  iS86. 
Especially  adapted  for  the  cultivation  of 
FlaOWEKS,     FRUITS, 

AND  VEGETABLES. 

Is  not  a  Chemical  production,   but  a 

purely  natural  Guano. 

Useful  everywhere  alike,  in  Flower 
Garden,  Conservatory  &  Gieenhouse. 

Packets,  i  lb.,  6d  ,  2  lb  ,  ts  ;  postage 
extra.  Bags,  7  lb  .  2S.  6</. ,  14  lb  4s.  6  /  , 
28  lb.,  7S.  td.,  56  lb.,  I2S.  td.  Ill  lb.. 
20s  ,  carrlixse  ftiU.  OJ the  primipal 
Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  Flor.sts  and 
Clituilsts,  or  direct  from 

wilUam  Colchester,  IpBwlcli. 

The  genuine  bears  the  Trade  M  ai  k  and 
N?meinfull. 

'LAGSTONE    EDGING    for    Kitchen 

Gardens,    or   Walks  under   Trees.      Prices,   Zd.,   \<:id., 
IS.  per  yard  run. 
The  GREAT  SLEAD  QUARRY,  Brighouse,  YorVs. 


ILVER  SAND, 

graia  as  desired.     Price,  by  post,  per  Ton 


s 

or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addres-ses  see  above, 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rait  or  to  Wluurv«s. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

HORTICULTURAL   GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 

sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NIOHOLLS    &    CLARKE 

SHOREDITCH,    LONDON,    E. 


GARDEN    RiQBY,  WAINWRIGHT  &.  CO., 

NETTIN03.  I  MANUFACTURER?, 

HOTH07SE|    Neptune  Works,  Manchester. 

SHADINGS.  Co^/g«     IVoo/     and    Wadding 

TIFFANY     I  ^°''  f"'o''sts  and  Nurserymen. 

I       Send   for  Samples   and  Prices. 

RUSSIA       MATS, 

FOR    COVERING    AND    PACKING. 

THE   LARGEST  ASSORTED  STOCK  IN  LONDON. 

CATALOGUE  on  application. 

JAMES     T.    ANDEBSOIf, 
I4J.    COMMERCIAL    STREET,    LONDON,    E. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merolianta,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  AND  SONS  are  offering 
•  Arclianeel  MATS  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the 
Trade.  Also  Petersburg  MATS  and  MAT  BAGS.  RAFFIA 
FIBRE,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  Shading  Materials.  P.ices 
free  on  applicitioo.-  4  and  5.  Wormwood  Street,  Londor,  E.C. 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER, 

HOT- WATER    PIPES 
AND   FITTINGS 

of  every  deicription. 

Saddle,  Vertical,  and  other 
Boilers. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

for  Greenhouses,  &c. 

All  linh  of  HOT  WATER  HEATI\u  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAULIC    EAIfflS    AND    PUMPING    MACHINERY    FOB    ALL    PURPOSES. 

STABLE  and  HARNESS  ROOM  FITTINGS,  ENGINES,   BOILERS,  and  MACHINERY. 

Illuiitrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE  HILL  WORKS,  NEWCASTLE,  STAFFORDSHIRE. 


December  25,  1S86.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


821 


HOT-WATER       HEATING       APPARATUS. 

STEVEN    BROS.    8t    CO., 

4,       UPPER        THAMES        STREET,        LONDON,        E.C. 

BOILERS,      PIPES,       CONNECTIONS,       VALVES,      S-r. 
Plans  and  Estimates  for  Hot-water  Worli  frea.  Price  Lists  on  application. 

Tlie  Celebrated  Darlington  WONDERFUI.  VALUE  In 

HOUSEHOLD     DRAPERY     PARCELS 

For  Christmas   Presents   and    New  Year's  Gifts, 

Supplied  direct  from  the  Mills  by  Messrs.   HENRY  PEASE  amo  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS,  DjilInEton. 


1-THE    GUINEA.    PARCEL    contains- 

12     yards  Navy.  B'.iclf,  or  any  fashionable    colour  Darlington 
Ce'ebraled  Union  Foul<  Costumj  Clo'.h. 
ai  yaidi  Beauii'ul  Skirtine. 
3    yards  Real  Welsh  White  Fiannel. 
3    yards  Scarlet  Anti-Rheumatic  Flannel. 

12  ya-di  Hirrocks'  Fine  Long  Cloth. 
2.'v  yards  Body  Lining. 

riii  htfoi-ils.     Value  t J  mrnuf^U lire.  3U.     C<irti.%^e  Paid 
HEKBY  PEASE  &  CO.S  StlOOESSOKS.  DARLIKSTOS 

2-THE    OHARirr    PAROEL    (833.) 
contains— 

t    pair  Heavy  All-Wool  Brown  Blankets,  6  lb.  weight. 

13  yards  Heavy  Serge  for  Dresses,  blick  or  any  colour. 
6    yards  Heavy  White  or  Scailet  Flaonel. 

1  p.ir  Twill  Bolton  Sheets,  full  site. 

3^  yards  Heavy  Stripe  Shirting  F.annel. 

The  lot  for  25s     I'i/«^  to  iiiaKiifictitr,;  37/5.    Cfyuii;!  P.u.i 
HEt^RY  PEASE  &  CO  d  SQCCESSOSS.  DARLINGTON. 

3-THE    LiDIES'    PARCEIi    (233    6i  ) 
contains— 

12    yarjs  Celebrated  Darlingtin  Cro^s-Warp  Serge,  black  or 
col  mred. 

2  yards  Uarlingtoa  Fait-Pd:  Twl',  Genoi-tiaish,  Velvjteen 

to  match. 

at  yards  Handsome  Skirting,  worth  3*.  dd,  per  yard. 

3'  jards  Fine  Flannel,  sctrlet  or  white. 
I J     yards  Horrock,'  Fine  Soft-floiih  Lon-  Cloth,  plain  or  twill. 

2V  yards  B;st  Bjdy  Liaing. 

tL-  hi  foriW.    I'ltluc  la  imniihctii't   45t.  Cnfria^f  P.ui. 
HENRY  FEASE  &  CO.S  SIJOOESSOBS,  DARLINGTON. 


4-7AMILY     PARCEL     (35s)    contains— 

I     pair  Beiuliful  full-size  Whitney  Blankets,  worth  221.  6/ 
I     pair  Fine  Al-Wool  full-sije  Blue-Grey  Blankets. 

pair  HtavyTwill  Sheets,  very  fine,  or  6  yards  Anti-Rheu- 


Dsai 


;  Fill 


,tl. 


«-ith  Fri 


i'ul  Self-Colour  Shawl,  2  yards  square, 
Thtlotfor-Z^!.     (;j.,/7i/«/;.r47(.  6/.     C,ii->-i,i.;e  Paid. 
HSNRY  PiASE  &  CO.S  SUCCESSORS,   DARLINGTON. 

5-THE     MOTHERS'    PARCEL    (423.) 
contains — 

12    yards  the  Ctl;bratel  Darlington  Cross-Warp  Serge,  black 

12    yards  Heather  Mixture  Coitume  Cloth,  or  Melton  Cloth. 

9    yards  Black  or  Colour  Da-lingtoo  Gold  Medal  Cashm-.re. 

6  yards  All-Woil  Flannel,  white  or  scarlet. 
12     yards  Best  Wh  te  Horrocks'  Long  Cloth. 

TlnMfi>ri2s.      fahu  55^.     Cnrrufe  Paid. 

HENRY  PEVSE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON. 

6-THE  HOUSEHOLD  FAMILY  PARCEL 

(503.)    contains— 

14    yards  Beautilul  Dailington  Melton  Costume  Cloth,  black  or 


12    yards  the  Ce'obrated  Dailiogton  Cross-Warp  Serge,  black 

2     yards  Fast  Pile  Velveteen  or  Velvet  C-ird  to  match  Dress. 

7     yards  Wo)l  Shining  Flannel,  Fancy,  PI  lin.  Stripe,  or  Check. 

6     yards  Best  Welsh  Flannel,  white  or  scarlet. 

I     piir  Brown  or  G:ey  B  ankets  (6  lb.  weight),  or  a  Good  Warm 
Shawl. 

i\  yards  Best  Body  Lining. 

6     yards  Long  Cloth  for  Under  Clothing. 

Tluhtfo'h^i.     /'.lA-r...  65l.     Carriage  Paid. 
HEJtRY  PEASE  &  CO.  S  SUCCESSORS,  DARLINGTON. 


The  above  Parcels  are  all  sent  Carriage  Paid  to  any 
of,  nity  be  returned  at  Henry  Pease  &  Co.'s  Succe; 
A'  B.—As  Patleni!  oftk;  aiove  Parccli  ciii'iil  bi 


addi 


1  and  Ireland  ;  and  ii  all  cases,  if  not  apcrovad 
non.;y  will  be  promptly  and  willingly  returned. 
m^ittio^Ccl  >if  of  Dies!  Materials  preferred 

REMNANTS   IN    BUNDLES    FOR   FAMILY   AND   CHARITY    PURPOSES. 


ess  in  Great  Brin 
expense,  and  th: 
■.via  Ladies  ktnili 


r  Odd, 


Of  Remnants, 


cesso-s  hive  made  up  Bandies 
inels-white  and  scarlet,  Velve- 
lOS.  6d.,  153.  6d.,  20s  ,  and 


and  Ends,  accumj'ated  during  th-  season,  Henry  Pease  &  C 
ining  useful  lengths  of  Serges    for  Dresses,  Meltons,  Calico 
.  Sateens,  &c..  &c  ,  10  hngthsolfrom  2!4  yards  to  8  yaads.     ThePric 
25S.  each.    They  are  well  worth  doub'e  the  money. 

As  many  applications  are  received  from  Ladies  for  useful  goods  fir  charitable  purposes,  Special  Bundles  have  been 
prepared  f  jr  this  purpose.     Ladies  ordering  Bundles  will  please  state  whether  for  Charity  or  Family  use. 

All  Parcels  and  Bundlea  ara  sent  Oarrlise  Paid  to  any  Address  In  Great  Brltila  and  Ireland. 


In  Writing  please  mention  this  Paper  to 

HENRY    PEA.SB     &    CO.'S    SUCCESSORS, 

Spinners  and  Manufacturers, 
ESTABLISHED  1752.  THE    MILLS,     DARLINGTON. 

NOTICE. — These  Parcels  a^e  only  offered  until  end  of  December. 


Croinploii  &  FawKes 

(late  t-h-p-dennis   &^  co) 
Horticultural   Builders 

Chelmsford 


ZTTTT-rT'    □ 


Just  Publithed,  NEW  BOOK  cf  PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHED  SKETCHES  of  WINTER  G.4RDENS,  RANGES 
of  HOTHOUSES,  VINERIES,  ARCHITECTURAL  CONSERVATORIES,  &c  ,  of  various  Designs  and  Sizes  recemly 
erected  by  us  in  difftrent  parts  of  the  countrj-.  Post-free  on  application.  This  Bojk  contains  the  mjst  varied  and  complete  Col- 
lection of  Designs  of  Horticultural  Buildings  ever  published. 


Catalogue  of  all  k  nds    f  Iron  and  Wire  Fenc  ng   Hurdles, 
Gates,  Wire  Netting,  free  on  application. 

BAYLISS,      JONKS     &     BAYLISS, 

Wolverhampton. 

London  Offices  and  Show  Rooms,  rag  &  i4t.  Cannon  Street,  E.C. 

HOT-WATE  R     PIPES. 

^^^y    ^~T^-  /^"-^  ordinary  Socket  Pipes. 


NO  LOO  SPRING  S__  *^ 

"  RICHARDSON  S'  PATENT  UNIVERSAL  INDIA- 
RUBBER  JOINT. 

The  most  inexperienced  can  fix  ihem.     Soundness  of  Joint  a 

certainty.      Hishest  te.'timonials  and  references. 
Estimates  given  for  all  Material  ready   for    Fixing,    or   Fixed 

"  Amateur's"  and  all  other  kinds  of  Boilers  on  application  to 

THE  MEADOW  FOUNDRY  COMPANY  (Limithd) 

Mansfield    Notts.  " 

Makers  of  Garden  Rollers  Vases   Fountiins,  Seats  &c 

London  Agent:    W      SIMMONS      ii     Crookea    Lane     EC 

FAWKES'      Slow    combus- 
tion HEATING  APPAR  V  I  US 
—  Most  efficient  and  che 

Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
I  brick  setting  Will  last  all  night 
It  attention.  Will  burn  hou,e 
J.  therefore  costs  next  to  nothing 


CROMPTON    &    FAWK 

CHELMSFORD. 


ES, 


THE    LOUGHBOROUGH    GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATER    APPARATUS, 


-'S^-^. 


This 


feed  syphon 


mplest, 

made.     It   requires  n5 
brick  setting,  no  stoke- 
hole, and  no  hot-water 
•filter  for  fixing.     The 
Boiler    stands    in     the 
ihouse     ihe  front  only  being  outside, 
so  that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  Boiler 
Itself  IS   utihsed        Ic  burns  over  twelve 
hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  cost. 
Price    as  engraving,  with  Boiler,  open 
feet  of  4  inch  hot  water  pipe,  and  patent  joints 
complete,  ^4  4J.      Delivered  free  to  iny  station.      Discount  for 
ca^h.     Cost  of  apparatus  complete  for  Greenhouses  as  below, 
delivered  free  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing  :  — 
10   X    6  feet     ..  £,\     14     o    I     20  X    10  feet    . .  £,^      00 
12    X  8  feet     ..5       1     o         25    :<    12  feet    ..     6     16     8 
15    X    9  feet     ..     5     10     8    I     40   ,X    16  feet    ..    xi     12     4 

Proportionaie  prices  for  ether  size?.     Estimates  free. 
Illustrated   LIST,  with  full  particulars  of  these  and   every 
descripticn  of  Fuel,  Gas,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free. 

DEANE    &    CO., 

Horticultural  Uuildhrs  and  Hot-water  Engineers, 

^^^•^^/eeT"'^"!  LONDON   BRIDGE. 

FOR  SALE,  Cast-iron  STAGE  for  Conserva- 
tory.—Length,  17  feet;  Width,  8  feet;  height,  3  feet 
6  inches;  two  shelves  and  flat  top.  Beautifully  decorated, 
suitable  for  either  lean-to  or  soan-roofed  house.  No  reasonable 
ofTer  rej<;cted. 
SLEIGHTHOLM,  Gardener,  Burntwood  Hall,  near  Barnslcy. 


822 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  18 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


SCALE  OF  CHARGES  FOR  ADVERTISINB. 

Head  Litu  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. ../o 

1 

0 

15 

-ines... 

£0    8 

fi 

„      ...    0 

^ 

6 

16 

II     ••• 

0     9 

fi 

11       ...     0 

4 

0 

17 

II     ••• 

0     9 

7 

„       ...     0 

4 

6 

18 

11     ■•• 

0   10 

R 

„       ...     0 

q 

0 

19 

II     ••• 

0   10 

9 

„       ...     0 

■; 

6 

20 

II 

0   II 

10 

,     ...    0 

6 

0 

21 

11     ••• 

0   II 

11 

,       ...      0 

6 

6 

22 

11     ••• 

0     12 

1?, 

,       ..,      0 

7 

0 

23 

II     ••• 

0    12 

13 

,       ...      0 

7 

6 

24 

II 

0    13 

14 

,     ...    0 

8 

0 

25 

II     •■■ 

0    13 

AND   SIXPBNCK 

OR  HV 

ERY   ADDITIONAL 

LINB. 

Ifse 

t  across  two 

;iiu 

mos,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30J. 

irset 

across  three  Col 

icins, 

he  lowest  charge 

Will  be  40J. 

Page 

„ 

_ 

..f.9    0 

0 

Half  Page  .. 

_ 

"50 

0 

Column 

-.3    5 

0 

QABDENERS,  and  OTHERS,  WANTINa  SITUATIONS. 

36  words  I  J.  6d.,  and  6^.  for  every  additional  line 
(about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE.— Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ces^  as 
all  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  auiiicritits  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  sf.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  must  reach  the  Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subacriptlons  Payable  in  Advance. 

Commencing  Jan.  1,  1887. 

The  United  Kingdom  :  12  Months,  153.  ;  6  Months, 

7s.  64. ;   3  Months,  33.  93. 

Foreign  (exceotine   India  and  China) ;    includine    Postage, 

17b.  6d  for  12  Months;    India  and  China,  193.  64. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  at  42,  DRURY  LANE, 

W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


CHEAP  ENGLISH 
HORTICULTURAL     GLASS. 


100  squares  of  16-oz  glass  in  each  case  for  as  follows 

"iLeeds;- 


(Packing  Case  included),  free  c 
135^  X    8  inches  for  9    6 


For  the  price  of  21  ( 
Rolled  Plate 


9  inches  for 


HENRY   WAINWRIGHT, 

WHOLESALE  GL.ASS    WAREHOUSE, 
8  and  10.   ALFRED  STREET,   BOAR  LANE,   LEEDS. 
Oil  Paint  no  Longer  Necessary. 
ILL  AND  SMITH'S  BLACK  VARNISH, 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


H 


This  VAiCMsrl  IS  au  ex  -lie  i  =a  utu  c  lot  oil  pamt  or 
any  outdoor  work  while  it  is  fully  two-thirds  cheaper  It  was 
introduced  upwards  of  forty  years  ago  by  the  Advertisers,  and 
its  genuine  good  quality,  notwithstanding  a  host  of  unprincipled 
imiutors,  is  fully  attested  by  its  constantly  increasing  sale.  ^  It 
may  be  applied  by  an  ordinary  labourer,  requiring  no  mixing 
or  thinning,  and  is  u-^ed  cold.  It  is  used  in  the  grounds  at 
Windsor  Castle.  Kew  Gardens,  and  at  the  seats  of  mo^t 
of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  from  whom  the  most  flattering 
testimonials  have  been  received. 

Sold  in  Casks  of  about  30  gallons  each,  at  u.  ^d.  per  gallon, 
at  the  Manu'actory.  or  iJ.  Zd.  per  gallon  carriage  paid  to  any 
Sution  in  the  Kingdom. 

UNSOLICITED   TESTIMONIAL. 

From  Alfred  Lowe,  E^q.,  The  Ry leys,  A Iderley  Lodge. 

"  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  used  your  Black  Varnish,  and 
shall  be  glad  if  you  will  forward  me  a  cask,  as  1  consider  it  the 
best  thing  known  for  the  preservation  of  all  outdoor  work, 
either  wood  or  iron,  that  requires  to  be  painted." 

CAUTION.— Hill  &  Smith  would  particularly  warn  their 
Customers  against  the  various  cheap  Varnishes  now  so  much 


adv 


Kvery  cask  is  legibly 
Trade  Mark  as  above,  --- 

Large  Illustrated  CATALOGUE 
and  Entrance  Gates,  &c.,  sent  free  < 


rked  with  their  name  and  Registered 
iniu  which  none  is  genuine. 

a  Fencing.  Hurdles,  Field 
application  to 


HILL    &    SMITH, 

Brierly  Hill   Ironworks,   near    Dudley ; 

118,   Queen  Victoria  Street,   London.  E.G.  ;   and 
136,  Stephen's  Green,  Dublin. 


o(  15-OZ.   glass 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  size 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  1 

A  large  stock    of  similar  curren 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORQE    FABUILOE    ft    SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 
34,  Bt.  John's  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  London,  E.G. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  an  aitfilication.     Quote  Chronule. 


W.    H.    LASCELLES    &    CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDER; 

121,     BUHHILL    KOW,     LONDON     E.G. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for 
every  desCTiption  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  ol 
charee.  and  send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES'    NEW   ROCKWORK    material  in  vaiious 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  sution 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted : — 

6  teet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free    Xa  r5    o 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  „         „  4*50 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  „         „  315° 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,        „         „        „  6  10    o 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

E..      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL  HORTlCULTUitAL  WORKS,   MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 


"  Grand  Success  "—Economy  of  Fuel,=S& 

=ftei 


-U|Sa^J?^l79-5'  OF  HEAT  — ^5.>,B'1JJ4" 
11  ^-ySJ*^  X  CONSUMED  LESS  FUEL  S  ^^^J^-Sli 
(tl*C*fRODUC!ED  M03T  HEAT  FEB  BUSHEL  OF  rUEl^5i^V 
IH^FANY  EtILER  in  THF  CDNTEST  AT  LIVEJ^POOlBSSvff 

swpu  FiRSTPRiZEifjTHEiooor^T  ^ 
ALSO   nRSTPRiZE'riTHcSOor^    ) 

2;;^=      1000  BOILERS  NOW  IN  USE  "SS. 
j  3,D'PREVI0US  AWARDS.  16   PRIZE  MED.",LS  S  DIPLOMAS 
L^rjDDN  1   E  REOCROSS    S^    S    ViCTORlA  DRY  GLAZIfJC  WORKS 
ICFFICE  I    SCUTHWARK  S' l:;;,^         HARLOIV  .ESSEX 


STOVES. 

Terra-Ootta  !     Portable  !    For  Coal ! 
ROBERTS'S         PATENT, 

for  Greeuliouses,  Bedrooms,  &o. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Pennv.  without  attention.  ROBERTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  STOVES  for  COAL  give  ture 
and  ample  heat  with  common  co?l.  or  coal  and  coke.  For  Green- 
houses, Bedrconis,  8lc.  Pamphlet,  Drawings,  and  authenti- 
cated Testimonials  sent.      See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS     ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria    Street.    Westminster,    S.W. 
ARKET^VAnTBc.x  Covered,  well  made, 

for  flowers,  nearly  new,  for  Sale  a  bargain. 


GARDEN  REQUISITES.— Sticks,  Labels, 
Virgin    Cork,    Raffia,    Mats,    Bambc»    Canes,    Rustic 
WorK,  Manures.  &c      Cheapest  pric«s  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  go.  Lower  Thames  St.,  London.  E.C. 

E      P      P      S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

GLASS.— Cut  Sizes,  from  12  by  9  upwards, 

A.  CUNNINGHAM  and  CO..  Glass,  Lead,  and  Oil 
WarehiUie,  i8,  Leith  Street,  Edinburgh.         

Accidents  ol  Dally  Life  Insured  against  ty  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE 
COMPANY  (Established  1849),  64,  rornhill.  London. 
Capital  £1,000.000.       Income  £246,000. 
Compensation  piid    for    112,000    Accidents,    ^^2, 215,000, 

Chairman,  Harvie  M.  FAKQtiHAR,  Esq, 
Apply   to  the  Clerks  at   the   Railway    Stations,    the    Local 
Agents,  or  West-end  Office  :-8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C; 
or  at  the  Head  Office  ;— 64,  Cornhtll.  LondoD,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  SecreUry. 

Works  on  Gardenln?. 

HANDY-BrOK  OF  THE  FLOWER- 
GARDEN  ■  being  Practical  Directions  for  the  Propa- 
gation, Culture,  and  Arrangement  of  Plants  in  Flower  Gardens 
all  the  year  round.  Embracing  all  Classes  of  Gardens,  from  the 
largest  to  the  smallest.  With  Engraved  and  Coloured  Plans, 
il'ustrative  of  the  various  systems  of  grouping  in  Beds  and 
Borders.  By  David  Thomson,  Gardener  to  His  Grace  the 
Puke  of  Buccleuch,  K  G ,  at  Drumlanrig.  A  New  and 
Enlarged  Edition,  crown  8vo,  ^s.  6J. 

"  Its  author  is  entitled  to  great  praise  for  the  simple  and  clear 
manner  in  which  he  has  explained  the  cultural  directions, 
which,  if  carefully  complied  with,  will  enable  the  nonpro'es- 
sional  fljricultuiist  to  grow  plants  as  well  as  any  gardener."— 
Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

"We  are  acquainted  with  the  results  produced  by  the  able 
author,  as  well  as  with  his  book,  and  therefore  can  pronouace 
the  bok  the  best  on  the  subject  vet  written  or  likely  to  be 
written  for  a  long  time  to  come."— r/ic  Field. 

HANDY-BOOK  OF  FRUIT  CULTURE 
UNDER  GL.ASS.  By  the  Same.  Second  Edition, 
Revised  and  Enlarged.  Illustrated  with  numerous  Engravings. 
Crown  3vo,  75.  6d. 

'  No  work  ol  the  kind  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge  is  at 
all  to  be  compared  with  this.  It  is  the  result  of  ripe  experience, 
close  thought,  and  ample  acquaintance  with  the  subject  in  all 
its  parts.  There  is  nothing  connected  with  the  cultivation  of 
fruit  under  glass  that  Mr.  Thomson  does  not  most  lucidly 
explain  ;  and  the  result  is,  that  his  book  is  one  that  ought  to  be 
jo  the  hands  of  every  gardener,  of  every  amateur  fruit-grower, 
and,  indeed,  of  every  one  who  desires  to  know  the  best  that  can 
be  known  on  the  subject." — Scotsman. 

New  and    Cheaper  Edition. 

A   BOOK  ABOUT  ROSES.     By  S.  Rey- 
nolds Hole.    Eighth  Edition,  Revised,  35.  611'. 
"  His  work  may  now  be  considered  the  most  complete  guide 
to    this    interesting    branch    of   floricultural   ^Tt."— Saturday 

"At  once  charming  and  instruclive The  practical 

questions  of  position,  soil,  manure,  and  selection  arc  carefully 
and  exhaustively  Ue3.td."— Standard. 

"  It  is  the  production  of  a  man  who  boasts  of  thirty  'all  Eng- 
land '  Cups,  whose  Roses  are  always  looked  for  anxiously  at 
flower-shows,  who  took  the  lion's  share  in  originating  the  first 
Rose. show  pur  et  simple,  whose  assistance  as  judge  or  amicus 
ounce  is  always  courted  at  such  exhibitions.  Such  a  man  '  ought 
to  have  something  to  say  worth  hearing  to  those  who  love  the 
Rose,'  and  he  hos  said  it."— Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

A      PRACTICAL    TREATISE    ON    THE 

t\.  CULTIVATION  OF  THE  GRAPE-VINE.  By 
WfLiMji  Thomson,  Tweed   Vineyard.     Ninth   Edition,   En- 

lilgrd.  Svo.  5S. 

"  We  cannot  too  strongly  recommend  Mr.  Thomson's  treatise 
as  a  thoroughly  practical  and  su  e  guide  to  the  Cultivation  of 
Ih!  Vine."— 7o«ma/  of  Horticulture. 

*'  We  urge  our  readers  to  procure  the  work,  and  they  will  get 
so  c'ear  an  insight  into  Vine  growing  that  a  Vinery  will  becjme 
one  of  Ihe  necessaries  of  existence. "-.f/V/i. 
WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  &  SONS,  Edinburgh  and  London. 

L.      EEEVE      &      CO.'S      NEW      WORKS. 

Centenary  of  the  Botanical  Magazi'ie. 
Now  ready,  the  New  Voliime(42  of  thelhird  series)  for  i83S,  42.'. 

f^rHE  BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE.     Figures 

-L  and  descriptions  of  New  and  Rare  Plants,  By  Sir  I.  D. 
HooKBr!,  K.C.S  I..  &c.  Published  monthly,  wiih  six  Plates, 
3r.  63".  coloured.  Annual  subfcnpiion.  42J.  Vols,  i  to  42,  each 
42i.,  or  ihe  let  of  42  volumes  complete  to  date,  iCt^  izr.  cash, 
with  Older. 

Wiih  4S  beautifully  Coloured  Plates,  321. 

THE  NARCISSUS:  its  History  and  Culture, 
By  F.  W.  BuRBltGE,  F.L.S.,  with  a  scientific  Review 
of  the  entire  Genus,  by  J.  G.  Baker,  F.R.S.,  F.L  S. 

"  It  is  no  slight  boon  to  have  io  so  accessible  a  form  so  large 
a  series  olillustTalions."—G.iiv/V«iv-i'  Chronicle 

'■We  have  tested  it  on  vaiious  points,  and  have  found  it 
thoroughly  .'atis'aclory  in  every  particular."— f7arc'^«ir;V  Mag' 

FLORAL     PLATES,     beautifully    Coloured 
by  Hand,  bj.  and  11.  each.    List  of  over  io;o  varieties, 

BOTANICAL  PLATES,  or  Plant  Portraits, 
beautilully  Coloured  by  Hand,  6d.  each.     List  of  nearly 
2500  varieties,  three  stamps. 

L.  EEEVE  &    CO., 

S,  Hemietta  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 


B 


R   I    T   I    S    H 

Illu 


ORCHIDS, 


iftion    of   each   species,   t 
which  is  added  Chapters  on  Simctute  and  other  Peculiarities 
Cultivation.  Fertilisation,  Classification,  and  Disttibution.   P  s 
free  sj.  from  the  Author, 
A.  D.  WEBSTER,  F.R.S,E,,  Llandegai,  Bangor,  North  W..!e 


Deckmser  2S,  1886.) 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


823 


ASTON  CLINTON  STRAW  MATS.— The 
Warmest  Coverings  for  Piti  and  Frames.  Sizes  :-  6  ft. 
6  in.  by  3  ft.  q  in.,  at  is,  :  6  ft.  6  in.  by  4  ft.  6  in.  at  3j.  7d.  ; 
6  ft.  6  in.  by  7  ft.,  at  3T.  2^.     Apply  to 

Miss  MOLIQUE,  Aston  Clinton,  Tiinj,   Bucks. 

THE 

TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST, 

A   MONTHLY   RECORD   OF   INFORMATION 
FOR   PLANTERS 

0/Tea^  Cacoa,  Cinchona,  Coffee,  Itidiariihber,  Sn^a*;  Pahns, 

Cotton,  Cardamotns,  Kola,  Coca,  Cinnatnon,  Nutjuegs, 

Fibrous  Plants,  and  other  Products  suited 

for  Cultivation  in  the  Tropics. 

Published  at  Obsenier  Office,  Colombo,  Ceylon,  on  or  about  the 

istofeach  Month.      Commenced  in  June,  1881.] 


The  "Tropical  A^iRicufLTURiST "  has  now  an  assured 
position  in  iis  large  circulation  in  Ceylon,  Southern  and  evtn 
Central  and  Northern  India,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Sumatra, 
Java,  Borneo,  Northern  Australia,  Queensland,  Central 
America,  Natal,  Mauritius,  and  the  West  Indies  From  all 
sub-tropical  planting  settlements  wc  have  had  cordial  approval 
of  the  publication  and  an  encouraging  measure  of  support.  The 
English,  Indian,  and  Colonial  Press  have  spoken  in  commenda- 
tory terms  of  the  T.  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardent? 
from  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  F.R.S.,  downwards,  and  so  have  all 
No  Planter  should  be  without  it. 


Planters. 


Bates  Of  Subscription,  lacludlng  Postage,  Inad  ranee: 

£1  sterling.     Rupees  12.     Dollars  5. 

Single  Copies,  2^,,  or  Ri  ;  Back  Copies,  3J.,  or  R1.50. 

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J883-4,   1884-5).   bound  in  cloth,   lettered,  with  Comprehensive 

Index,  for  ^i  10s.  (or  Ri8»,  carriage  prepaid. 

THE    TROPICAL   AGRICULTURIST. 

As  a  medium  for  English,  American,  and  Australian 
ADVERTISEMENTS  of  goods  suitable  for  the  tropics.  India 
as  well  as  Ceylon,  the  Straits  Settlements  Java,  and  West 
Indies  (Central  America  being  included  in  that  term),  or 
connected  with  agriculture,  the  Ttopical  Agriculturist  stands 
unrivalled,  the  work  being  constantly  in  the  hands  of  Nntive 
as  well  as  European  and  American  Agriculturists.  Being  a 
Monthly  Periodical  the  Tropical  Agriculturist  lies  on  the 
table  and  is  very  often  referred  to  during  each  month,  a  fact 
which  Advertisers  will  know  how  to  appreciate. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer.  F.L.S.,  C.M.G.,  Director  of 
Kew  Gardens,  writing:  of  the  T.  A.^  refers  to  it  as  "  an  astonishing 
repertory  of  everything  relating  to  the  Economic  Botany  of 
the  East."' 

6^*  For  the  Sale  of  Plants,  Seeds.  Machinery,  Implements, 
&c.,  used  in  Tropical  (Tea,  Sugar,  Fibres,  &c.)  Agriculture, 
no  better  Advertising  Medium  exists. 


Comn 


Bates  for  Advertlaementa  :— 

[Nine  Words  to  a  Line]. 
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Quarter  Page  (oncej     ..         17J.  Rio")      5  per  Cent  off 
Half  „        „        ..;ti    8j.  R17  ^for  each  additional 

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Or  Agents  in  all  parts  of  the  World. 

THE  SYDNEY  MAIL 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  .-— 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 
SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated 

BELL'S  LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 
RECORD  01  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 
CRICKKT  .and  AQUA!  ICS. 
THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.    (Drawn  and  engraved 

especially  for  this  Journal.) 
NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Orieinal  Articles.) 
AGRICULTURE.  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 
GOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 
STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORIS 
ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES 
TALES   by   POPULAR    ENGLISH  and    AUSTR.\- 

MAN  AUTHORS. 
THE  FASHIONS.     DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 
INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HO.\IE  CIRCLE. 
COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 
SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 

The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 
Australian  Colonies.  New  Zealand,  Polynesi.-!,  &c.  It  contains 
a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  crcat  variety  of  subjects. 

Subscription  In  Advance,  £1  63,  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  td.  ;  Stamped,  -jd. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales 

ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  tor  the  SYD- 
NEY MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL  :— 

London    Messrs,  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.C 

Mr.  F.  Algar.  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 

Street.  E.C. 
Messrs.    Gordon  &  Gotch,   St.    Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs,  W,  H.  Smith  &  Son,  1S6,  Strand. 

Bristol    James    &    Henry    Grace,    Royal     Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchester..  James  &  Henry  Grace,  73,  Maiket  Street, 

Edinburgh Robertson  &  Scott,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasgow W.    Porteous    &  Co.,    15,    Royal    Exchange 

Place. 

^g"  Copies  of  each  yoitrnal  are  /ilea  at  !hs 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


'FHE      HOUR      GLASS. 

-L  Part  I,  for  J.iVNUARY,  1SS7.  contains  :- 

1.  Frontispiece.    Portrait    of  a    Child.       A'ter   Sir  T.    Law- 

rence, P.R.A. 

2.  A  Medical  Error.     Short  Complete  Story,  by  G.  Manville 

Fenn- 

3.  Sister  Dora.     By  Mrs.  Fawcett.     Illusirated. 

4.  Socialist  Land  or  Free  Lind  ?    By  Arthur  Arnolu 

5.  Recreative  Evening  Schools.     By  Rev.  Frhejian  Wills. 

Illustrated, 

6.  Bulgaria  and  Russian  Designs  of  Dominion.    By  Karl 


Illusirated  by  Walter  Crane. 
9.  The  Theatres.     Illustrated. 
ic.  Notes  of  the  Month. 

THE      HOUR      GLASS. 
3<f.,   by  p:ist  4*/.,  or  41.  per  annum. 

THE       HOUR      GLASS. 
Monthly.     May  be  obtained  from  all  Booksellers. 
A.  G.  DAWSON,  14,  Ivy  Lane,  Paternoster  Row,  London,  E.C. 

WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  in  an  Old-esnb- 
lished  Wholesale  Corn,  Seed,  Manure,  and  Cake 
Business— South  of  England.-E.  SHERWOOD,  Esij.,  152, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E. 

T  'Wanted,  Nursery  Manager. 

HE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan)  limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries, 
Garston,  Liverpool.  REQUIRE  a  compnent  MAN,  of  good 
character,  to  Manage  a  Branch  Nursery  devoted  to  the  Culti- 
vation of  Roses,  Fruit  Trees,  Coniferaj,  and  General  Nursery 
Stock. — Apply,  giving  references,  and  stating  salary  expectej. 

ESSRS.  RIDER  BROS.,  Heath  Nurseries, 

Moortown,  Leeds,  are  in  WANT  of  a  young  Man  as 
PROPAGATOR,  to  work  under  Foreman,  who  is  well  up  in 
Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Stuff. — Apply  by  letter,  stating  lowest 
wages.  

WANTED,  a  FIRST  JOURNEYMAN  for 
the  Houses,  age  not  under  25  years.  Must  be  well  re- 
commended. Wages ;C  I  per  week,  no  lodgiDgs.— GARDENER, 
Park  Farm,  Sevenoaks. 

WANTED,  as  CARETAKER,  at  the 
Walthamstow  Cemetery,  a  married  man,  not  over  50 
years  of  age,  who  understands  the  cultivation  of  flowers.  He 
uill  be  required  to  take  entire  charge  of  the  Cemetery,  to  keep 
the  same  in  order,  and  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  the  Board's 
Service,  but  not  to  dig  graves.  The  person  appointed  will  live 
in  the  Cemetery  Lodge  free  of  rent,  rate;,  and  taxes.  Fuel  and 
light  will  be  provided.  Salary  22s.  per  week  Application  in 
the  handwriting  of  the  applicants  to  be  sent  in  to  the  undersigned 
not    later   than  THURSDAY,   the   3olh   day  of    December, 


ipanied  by  copies  of  not  more'  than  four 
monials-GILBERT  HOUGHTON,  Clerk  to 
Board,  Town  Hall,  Walthamstou-.  Dec.  2r,  i£85. 


the 


Book-Keeper  and  General  Clerk 

WANTED  :  one  experienced  in  the  Whole- 
sale Seed  Trade  preferred. — State  age,  salary  expected, 
perience  in  theTrade.  to  H.  CLARKE  AND  SONS.  39, 


King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young  Man,  as  NURSERY 
CLERK,  with   a  knowledge  of  the  Seed  Trade  pre- 
ferred— Apply,  stating  age,    references,  and    salary    required, 
ACORN,    Gardeiters'    Chronicle    OfBce,    41,    Wellington 


Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  a  WAREHOUSE  PORTER, 
used  to  the  Wholesale  Seed  Trade.-Apply  by  letter 
only,  stating  experience,  wages,  &c  ,  to  WAITE.  NASH  and 
CO.,  70,  Soulhwa.k  Street,  London,  S.  E. 


WANT    PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers, 
Subscribers,  and  Others. — //  is  very  important  in 
Remitting  by  Postal  Order  that  it  should  be  filled 
in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  to  IV. 
RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal 
Order  is  known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable 
at  a  particular  office,  and  to  a  particular  person, 
it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person  into  whose 
hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B. — T/ie  best  andsajest  >neans  of  Remitting 
is  bv  POST-OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante  "  to  initials 
or  to  fictitious  names  are  not  forwarded, 
but  are  at  once  returned  to  the  writers. 
NOTICE  TO  ADVI-RTISERS.—ln  many  in^tauca 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements 
are  received  without  name,  address,  or  anything 
beyond  the  postmark  on  envelope  by  which,  to  identify 
the  sender ;  this  in  all  cases  causes  a  very  ^reat  deal 
op  trouble,  and  frequently  the  sender  cannot  be 
identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give 
their  A'ames  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Refei 
the  Advertisement  ■which  thev  wisll  Retset 


the  Advertisement  which  thev  wtsll  Retsea'ed. 

C  O  T  C  H         GARDENERS, 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Piinces  Steet,  Edin. 
burgh,  has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

Gardeners. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  AND  CO.  have  on 
their  Register  a  num'jer  of  first-clasi  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS,  &c.,  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  gl.d  to 
furnish  pirticulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  and  CO.,  108,  High  Street,  Dumfries,  N.B 


SPECIAL      NOTICE.— 

On  and  after   Saturday  next, 

Jan.  I,  1887,  if^^  Price  of  the 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  " 

wi/l  be 

Reduced     to     Three      Pence, 


W  Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  tec. 
M.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  Men  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge  can 
recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.— Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring 
either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class  men  by 
applying  to  WmCutbush  &  Son,  Highgaie  Nurseries,  London, N. 

I>  I  CH  A  RD     SMITH     AND     CO. 

•L\  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that 
they  will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with 
particulars,  &c.— St.  John  s  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


"D     S.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 

*~J  •  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or 
JOURNEYMAN.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the 
above  will  please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  best  selections 
for  the  different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

MANAGER.— Mr.  W.  Bailey  can  recom- 
mend a  thoroughly  experienced  man  to  take  sole 
Management  in  a  Large  Establishment,  to  Grow  Fruit, 
Tcmatos.  Hard  and  Soft-wooded  Plants,  and  Cut  Flowers, 
&c.,  extensively  for  Market.— The  Nursery,  Bexley. 

C;!  ARDENER  (Head). —  Age  30,  single  ; 
^  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Sixteen  years'  ex- 
perience.  Good  character  from  present  and  previous  employers. 
—  F.  HOWLAND.  Norraanton  Park,  Stamford,  Rutland. 


GARDENER  (Head),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment —Well  up  in  Gardening  in  all  its  Branches  ;  excel- 
lent  character  from  last  employer.,  H.  Norris,  Esq  ,  Swalcliffe 
Park  — F.  p.,  H.  Deverill,  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Banbury. 

ARDENER    (Head).  — rT   Gilbert, 

Burghley,  Stamford,  will  be  happy  to  recommend  a 
thoroughly  mature  Gardener,  late  Gardener  to  Lord  Asms 
Gordon,  also  to  Sir  Charles  Mark  Palmer,  M.P.,  either  of 
whom  will  speak  well  of  him,  and  give  him  a  good  character. 
Staunch  teetotaller.— Address  as  above,  or  to  Mr.  G.  ABBEY, 
Church  Lane,  St.  Neot's,  Huntingdon  (who  is  the  man  in 
question). 


/^ARDENER   (Head  Working)  ;   age   ^o, 

^^  married,  one  boy  ;  fifteen  years'  experience  ;  five  and  a 
half  years  in  last  situaiion  ;  left  through  breaking  up  of  estab- 
lishment ;  good  character  and  testimonials. —G.  SOUTHCOTr. 
Bellegrove,  Welling,  Kent. 


GARDENER.— Last  situation  with  General 
Malcolm.  C.B. ,  six  years.  Leaves  through  establish- 
ment breaking  up  through  death.  —  The  G.'iRDENER, 
Gwendraeih  House,  Buiry  Pert  R.S.O..  Carmarthenshire. 


GA  R  D  E  N  E  R.  —  Sir  Humphrey  de 
Trafford  wi!l  be  glad  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  and 
cm  give  him  a  nire  years'  character.  Leaving  ihrougli  no 
fault.-Sit  HUMPHREY  DE  TRAFFORD,  Trafford  Park, 
Palricroft,  Manchester. 


l.j^OREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  28  ;  thir- 

-i-  teen  years'  experience.  Can  be  well  rec  mmended  by 
Mr  Turner,  Cranfield  Court,  Newport  Pagnell— VERNON, 
30,  Thornton  Road,  Wimbledoo. 

FOREMAN,  where  two  or  three  are  kept, 
in  the  Hruses  or  otherwise.  —  Age  24  :  experienced  ;  can 
be  well  rec. mmended. —D.  GARREIT,  Hillon  Park,  near 
Wclveibimpton. 

PROPAG.ATOR  and  GROWER  of  Pot 
Plants  and  Cut  Flowers.— Age  28  ;  16  years*  experience. 
—Please  s  ale  patticuLrj  to  H.  J,  K  ,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
OflSce,  41,  Wellington  Mreet,  Strand.  W,C. 

IMPROVER,  in  any  Gentlem.an's  establish- 
ment.—Charles  Everest,  Alexandria  Nur'ery,  Reading, 
wishes  to  recommend  a  young  man  (age  rS).  Ha~  served  t»-o 
years  with  him.— T.  KEMP,  East  iheen  Lodge,  East  Sheen, 

SHOPMAN  1He.4D).  — Twenty^ei.-ht  years' 
thorough  experience  rn  all  departments  of  Seed  aad  Bulb 
Eu-iness  routine,  knowledge  of  Nur-ery  Stock,  efficient  Coire- 
spondcnt  ;  can  uoderiake  perifdical  journey  if  rtquired. — G  , 
It.  Warwick  Place,  Tuiibiidge  Road,  Maidstone. 


JOURNEYMAN.— The    Gardener,    Ted- 

tJ  worth  House,  Marlborough,  Wilts  can  very  highly  le- 
commend  Two  Young  Men  as  ab^ve,  each  wiih  five  or  six  year*' 
expeiience — Address  as  above. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Bilious  Headache 
and  Depression  f  f  Spirits,  This  condition  tn  nine  cases 
out  of  ten,  arises  from  the  Liver  being  ou:  of  order  ;  ei.  her  ihere 
is  an  excess  cf  bile,  that  secretion  does  not  oaturally  pass  from 
the  Liver,  or  else  it  entits  the  circulation,  vitiates  the  b'ood. 
and  gives  rise  to  headache,  sickness,  weatines5,  and  depres.^ion 
of  spirits  in  that  case.  These  symptoms  are  q'lickly  removed  by 
a  (ew  doses  of  these  PiUs.  which  work  a  speedy  cure  without 
creatine;  nausea  or  weakening  the  stomach— consfquences  tno 
frequenily  entailed  by  the  idministra'.ion  of  purgative^,  when 
the  appetite  has  become  palled,  and  the  energies  jaded  by 
irregular  living,  unhealthy  surroundings,  and  other  simila 
causes,  they  will  be  found  most  beneficial. 


824 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[December  25,  i886. 


FEW      OF 


CARTERS'  NOVELTIES  FOR  1887. 


'  TEK    DAYS    EARLIER  , 


FIRST    AND    BEST.' 

(i'.v  bdnv.) 


The  Earliest  Pea  in  the  World:— 

CARTERS'     LIGHTNING    PEA. 


■  FOUR  DAYS  EARLIER 


1  FIRST    CROP   or  RING- 
LEADER."  (.?<-i- A-/«i..) 


After  exhaustive  trial,  and  as  the  result  of  careful  selection,  we  offer  for  the  first  time  what  we  consider  to  b3  the  EARLIEST  PEA  IN  THE  WORLD ;  and 
this  opinion  la  fully  confirmed  hy  the  testimony  given  below  as  the  result  of  trials  made  by  some  of  the  best  known  gardeners  in  the  country. 

It  18  partionlarly  level  and  neat  in  habit  of  growth,  considerably  hardier  and  more  robust  In  the  haulm  than  any  other  First  Early  Pea,  and  a 
prodigious  cropper,  the  pods  being  very  long,  usually  hanging  in  pairs,  and  exceedingly  well  flUed-distinot  both  in  growth  and  seed-height  abjut 
TA  feet,  the  plant  being  literally  studded  with  pods,  containing  Peas  of  fine  colour  and  size,  and  of  good  flavour. 


I  must  sav  Carters'  Lightning  took  the  lead  with  any  Peas  this  year.  //  7C7^  n^t  soivn 
I  h  a  week  as  Rivsrk-ider.  and  was  fil  io  pick  three  days  before  that  variety,"— ^U. 
i  Best,  Head  Gardener  to  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Hamilton. 

fO  month;  a'ter  Vl')lllam  I  ,  came  into  use  before  it."— 


'  Carters'  Lightning  Pea  is  the  ea 
days  before  Rinsleaderr-^At.  E.  Wll 
of  Hattington. 

' '  Carters*  Lighl  iiing  is  very  distinc 
first  and  Best,  sown  at  the  sam 
Hon.  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury, 

Price  in  Sealed  Packets,  Ss.  6d.  per  Pint. 


'fm, 


A  New  and  Distinct  Dwarf  Pea— CARTERS'    ANTICIPATION   PEA. 


It  is  always  gratifying  when  a  ready  and  decisive  public  verdict 
uncalled  new  varieties  are  put  upon  the  mirket  from  time  to  tii 
We  claim  for  *' Anticipation  "  (which  is  the  resuk  of  a  c  ois  b=t 
pcd,  for  its  enormous  oroductiveness  and  deUcious  flavour,  it  rei 
bearing  with  us  on  July  8,  The  habit  of  the  plant  is  very  robust 


;  of  Pe: 


the  value  claimed  by  the  Raiser  for  a  nsw  introduction  ;  and  this  is  especially  so  i 
only  to  result  m  disappaiotm^nt  and  anno/ance  to  the  purchasers,  who  speedily  recngnise  old  friends  in  new  characters. 
in  Ne  Plus  Ultra  and  an  Early  WrmkUd  Dwarf  Pea)  complete  and  distinct  individuality.  In  habit,  aid  size,  and  shape  of 
ns  unique.  '*Anticipan-)n"  grows  ti  a  h-ight  of  abDut  a^^  feet,  and  maybe  cU*sed  with  the  Second  Eirly  Peas,  being  ii  full 
iih  immense  straight  pods,  and  the  seed  is  very  distinct.  The  following  testimony  fully  bears  out  the  description  and  report  :  — 
'  Carters*  Anticipation  Pei  is  decidedly  good  in  every  [  "  Carters' Anticipation  i>  a  most  excellent  Pea.  of  robust 
:spect.  It  is  a  heavy  cropper,  and  the  pods  are  well  filled  I  hab  t  ;  although  not  more  than  3  feet  in  height,  the  crop  was 
Mlh  very  sweet  Peis."— Mr.  W.  Icr.uLDEN,  Head  Gardener  a  v.ry  heivy  one.  co'our  good,  flivour  delicious."~Mr.  W. 
D  the  Right  Hon,  the  Earl  of  Cork.  1    Coleman,  Head  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Earl  Somers. 

Price,  in  Sealed  Packets,   Ss.   6d,  per  Packet.       (Each  Packet  contains  sufficient  Peas  to  plant  a  row  20  feet  in  length.) 


"  Carters'  Anticipation  is  an  excellent  Pea  !n  every  respect, 
and  fit  to  rank  as  a  standard  sort  "—Mr.  F.  Harrison,  Head 
Gardener  to  the  Right.  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Derby. 


THE    PHCENIX    KALE— a  Winter  Necessity  for  Gardeners. 


We  have  made  arracgements  with  the  groweis  (Mj 
'*  About  fifteen  years  ago  we  received  seed  of  ih" 
flivour,  arid  a  request  to  try  it.  During  the  exfaorc 
2ero,  we  ob^ervea  that  this  Kale  was  the  only  green 
observe  that  ihe  same  success  has  attended  our  Kale 
months  we  had  a  large  supply  of  sweet  Sprouts. " 

In  Sealed  Packets,  price  Is.  6d.  per  Packet.    (We  are  the  Sole  Wholesale  Agents  for  this  Novelty  ) 
For  further  particulars  see  CARTERS'  ILLUSTRATED  VADE  MECUM  for  1887.  price  Is.,  post-free;  gratis  to  Intending  Customers. 


K^le  to  public 
:  found  it  to  bear  no  affinity  to  that  variety)  wi: 
Lry  winter  of  1879  80,  wh-n  all  vegetables  weic  universally  destroyed  by  the  severity  of  the  froit 
It  that  remained,  and  as  soon  as  the  weather  moderated  we  had  an  excellent  crop  of  delicious  s 
)t  a  plant  being  injured,  whilst  nearly  aU  the  Broccoli,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Curled  Greens,  &c.,  v 


ibed  by  them  as  follow;:— 
hii?h  recommendation  ot  its  delicate 
lich  registered  several  degrees  below 
Its.     During  the  winter  ot  1885-6  we 
destroyed.     During  the  early  spring 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warra)tis  to  H.M.  the  Oucen  ami  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

237    &.    238,    HIGH     HOLBORN,    LONDON,    W.C. 


IRISH  CAMBRIC  POCKET  HAND- 
KERCHIEFS, Hemmed  for  Use.  Per  dozen-Ch.ld- 
ren's.  \s.  11.  ;  Ladies',  2i.  i'/id--.  Gentlemen's,  3s.  6i. 
Hemstitched  —  Ladies',  2s.  ll%d.  ;  Gents',  is.  lU. 
Samples  post-^ree. 


"THE  CAMBRICS  OF  ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER  HAVE  A  WORLD-VI/IDE  FAME. 

CAMBRIC 


M   (    THE 
)  QUEEN. 


TRISH     MADE    SHIRTS.  —  Best    Quality 

X  Lnneclolh  Bodies,  with  four-fold  all  Linen  Fronts  and 
Cuffs.  36i.  6</.  the  half  dozen  (to  measure  2s.  extra).  New 
Designs  in  our  special  Indian  Gauie,  Primed  Shirtmgs,  and 
unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  season. 


"  These  goods  combine  the  merits  of  exoellence  and  cheapness."— Ci«;-/ Js; 


TRISH  LINEN  COLLARS  and  CUFFS. 

X  Collars— Ladies'  and  Children's  three-fold,  3s.  6d. 
per  dozen;  Genllemen's  four-fold,  4t.  Wd.  to  5l.  Hd.  per 
dozen.  Cuffs  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  and  Children,  Bs.  11*/. 
.  lOi.  9</.  per  dozen.     "Their  Irish  Linen  Collars,  Cuffs, 


Shir 
Court  Cir, 


,Iar 


!the 


.  ofe 


lellei 


Samples  post-free. 


:  and  cheapness  " — 


POCKET 


TRISH  LINENS.- 

-•-     bleached,  2  yards  wide 


-Real  Irish  Linen  Sheetini,'?,  fully 

,  1j.  8/.  per  yard  ;  2)i  yards  wide,"2r.  V/.d. 
per  yard  (the  most  duiable  article  made,  and  far  superior  to  any  foreign 
ma-iufactured  good-),  Koller  Towelline,  18  inche.  wide,  3J^,^  per  yard. 
Surohce  Linen,  Id  per  yard  ;  Check  Dusters,  2s.  6d.,  Glass  Cloths, 
4t.  6d.  per  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diarers  8'Ad.  per  yard. 
Samples  post-free.     Frilled  Linen  P.llon-  Cases  from  Ir.  Hid  each. 


"  Cannot  be  matched  at  the  price."— 7/^f  Lad/. 


TRISH     DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN,— Fish   Napkins, 

-L  2i.  6<f.  perdjzen.  Dinner  Napkins,  is.  6<f.  per  dozen.  Table  Clolhs,  2  yards 
square,  2i.  9i.  ;  213  yards  by  3  yards,  6s.  »d.  each.  Kilchen  Table  Cloths, 
ll\4d,  each.  Strong  Huckabuck  "Towels,  4s.  ii.  per  dozen.  Monograms,  Ciests, 
Coals-of-Arms,  Initial.>:,  &c.,  woven  and  embroidered.     Samples  post-free. 


HANDKERCHIEFS, 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  Belfast 

(By  Special  Appointtnents  to  H.M.  the  Qticen  and  H.I.  and R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany.^ 

COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO    HUNDRED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SIR  JOSEPH   PAXTON,   M.P.        Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3^.; 

T'wenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  10s.  :   and  one  hundred,  SOs, 

Parcels   of  not   less   than  twenty-five    delivered,    Carriage    Free,    in   London   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.    RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


Editorial  Coi 
Printed  by  W: 
said  William  Ru 


should  be  :iddressed  to  "  The  Editor  ;  "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41.  Wellingtoa  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 
Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbury.  Agnevv.  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whiteftiars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  Published  bv  the 
,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— Saturd  ^y.  December  25.  iS36.     Ag«nt  for  Manchester— John  Heywood.